cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Jennifer Capriati

Jennifer Marie Capriati (born March 29, 1976) is an American retired tennis player. Capriati made her professional debut in 1990 at fourteen years old. In 1992, Capriati defeated Steffi Graf during the Barcelona Olympics to win a Gold medal.

References

1976 births
American female tennis players
American Olympic gold medalists
Australian Open champions
French Open champions
Living people
Medalists at the 1992 Summer Olympics
Sportspeople from New York City
World No. 1 tennis players
Seal of Kansas

The Great Seal of the State of Kansas is the seal of Kansas. The seal is used on the Flag of Kansas.

Symbols of Kansas
Kansas
1861 establishments in the United States
1860s establishments in Kansas
Western Meadowlark

The Western Meadowlark is a bird that lives in the middle-western United States of America. The Western Meadowlark is the state bird of Kansas, Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, Oregon and Wyoming. 

Birds of the United States
Symbols of Kansas
Artemisia absinthium

Wormwood (artemisia absinthium, absinthe wormwood, common wormwood, Green Ginger or grand wormwood), is native to mild-climate places of Eurasia and northern Africa.

References

Asteraceae
Perciformes

The Perciformes  is the largest order of vertebrates. They have about 40% of all bony fish.p151  

Perciformes means perch-like. They belong to the class of ray-finned fish and have over 7,000 species in almost all aquatic environments.

They have the widest range of sizes of any order of vertebrates, ranging from the 7 mm Schindleria brevipinguis to the 5 metre Makaira species. They first appeared and diversified in the Upper Cretaceous.

Some well-known members of this group are angelfish, barracuda, bass, blenny, cichlids, damselfish, filefish, goby, grouper, remora, swordfish, mackerel, pufferfish, tilefish, tuna, whiting, and of course perch.

Characteristics

The dorsal and anal fins are divided into front spiny and back soft-rayed portions, which may be partially or completely separated. 

The pelvic fins usually have one spine and up to five soft rays, positioned unusually far forward under the chin or under the belly. Scales are usually ctenoid (rough-edged).

Taxonomy
They are grouped as in the text Fishes of the World. The order is probably polyphyletic, and changes may occur in this and other teleost orders.

Recent morphological and DNA sequence analysis has shown that several of the higher-level groupings of teleosts are evolutionary grades rather than clades. Examples of demonstrably paraphyletic groups include the Perciformes.

References
Verdigris River

The Verdigris River is the lowest point in Kansas. It is a branch of the Arkansas River.

Rivers of Kansas
The Santa Clause

The Santa Clause is a 1994 comedy movie distributed by Walt Disney Pictures and Hollywood Pictures. It was directed by John Pasquin. The movie starred actors Tim Allen, Judge Reinhold, and Wendy Crewson.

1994 comedy movies
American comedy movies
Christmas movies
Disney movies
English-language movies
Film negative

Negative film is the name for a photographic film that will give images which have their colors inverted, after development. This inversion means that the complementary color is used. A second process (usually called making a print) is used to obtain any number of photos, which can also be in different sizes. The other kind of film is called reversal film, where development results in exactly one positive image (which does not use complementary colors). 

Negative films that use colors have multiple layers. Each layer is sensitive to a different wavelength of light.   

Most amateur films in use today are negative films. 

The benefits of this kind of film is that it is very tolerant to exposure differences, without noticeable loss in quality. Another benefit is that getting the film developed is very easy.

Photography
Air navigation

Air navigation is navigation while flying. It is used by pilots in aircraft to know their exact position and fond their way. That is important because if they get lost, they can hit a mountain or fly into a dangerous area or not find a place to land. There are generally two types of air navigation depending on weather. In good weather, pilots navigate themselves visually with maps. But when the weather is bad and they do not see the ground, they use special radio navigational instruments or the air traffic controller navigates them. The first kind of navigation is called VFR (visual flight rules) navigation. The second is IFR (instrument flight rules) navigation.

VFR navigation 
Under Visual Flight Rules, pilots use a map and compass, and look on the ground.  When preparing for a flight they choose big visible points on the map, for example large cities, lakes, hills, rivers, roads or forests. When in the air, they seek the chosen points to make sure of going the right way way. The weather must be good enough to let them see the ground.  They cannot fly into clouds, because they can get lost. Pilots also have to look for other aircraft. It is their responsibility to make sure they do not get too close to other aircraft.  This is called "see and avoid".

IFR navigation 
Flying under Instrument Flight Rules, pilots cannot fly wherever they want. They have to fly only on specified routes.  The aircraft must have many special devices working with radio waves such as GPS or radar.  The air routes lead mostly from radio beacon to beacon. Pilot must set the correct frequency of the beacon to determine the bearing and fly to it. GPS helps to find exact position. Each aircraft also has a radar transponder sending a special code that is indicated on air traffic controller’s radar screen. Because pilot does not see outside, he has to do what the controller says.  The controller makes sure that the aircraft does not crash.

Effect of wind 
The wind is a great problem in navigation. Imagine that pilot sets the plane to fly eastwards (90°). If the wind blows from the north, it will blow the plane to the south. And the aircraft will fly to south-east (135°). So, to fly exactly to the east, pilot must set the plane to north-east. This was just an example. In reality, wind can blow from any direction and at any speed. So pilots must also watch the wind and know how to compensate the effect of the wind on the aircraft.

When airplanes go faster, wind is less important. So for a small slow training aircraft, the wind is always changing the aircraft's direction. But for a big airliner which goes much faster, the wind doesn't have an impact apart from take off and landing.

Navigation
Aviation
Kristi Yamaguchi

Kristine Tsuya Yamaguchi  (born July 1971) is a retired American figure skater. She was the first Asian American to win an Olympic gold medal in figure skating. Her skills have inspired many people.

Childhood 
Yamaguchi was born in July 12 1971 in Hayward, California. As a child, she had a bad foot condition. She had to wear casts on her legs when she was young. Her mother said this could be why she is such a hardworking person. She was inspired by Olympic gold medalist, Dorothy Hamill and other famous figure skaters. She started figure skating at a young age and worked very hard through her teenage years.

Awards 
When she was 20, Yamaguchi won an Olympic gold medal for figure skating in the 1992 Winter Olympics. She also won many other awards. She is also a member of the United States figure skating Hall of Fame.

Accomplishments 
After she retired from skating, she continued to inspire and prove herself to the world. She wrote many books, Including Figure skating for Dummies, Always Dream, and Dream Big, Little Pig. These books are about figure skating and dreaming big. Yamaguchi started the “Always Dream Foundation” to help kids pursue their dreams. She is also a mother of 2 kids and continues to figure skate for fun.

References 

1971 births
Living people
Figure skaters from California
People from Hayward, California
People from California
Sarah Hughes

Sarah Elizabeth Hughes (born May 2, 1985 in Great Neck, New York) is an American figure skater. Hughes won a gold medal during the 2002 Winter Olympics.

References

Other websites

1985 births
Living people
American figure skaters
American Olympic gold medalists
People from Great Neck, New York
Sportspeople from New York
Parallelogram

A parallelogram is a polygon with four sides (a quadrilateral). It has two pairs of parallel sides (sides which never meet). The opposite sides of a parallelogram have the same length (they are equally long). The word "parallelogram" comes from the Greek word "parallelogrammon" (bounded by parallel lines). Rectangles, rhombuses, and squares are all parallelograms.

As shown in the picture on the right, because triangles ABE and CDE are congruent (have the same shape and size),

In all Parallelogram's opposite angles are equal to each other.
Angles which are not opposite in the Parallelogram will add up to 180 degrees.

Characterizations
A simple (non self-intersecting) quadrilateral is a parallelogram if and only if any one of the following statements is true:
Two pairs of opposite sides are equal in length
Two pairs of opposite angles are equal in measure
The diagonals bisect each other
One pair of opposite sides are parallel and equal in length
Adjacent angles are supplementary
Each diagonal divides the quadrilateral into two congruent triangles
The sum of the squares of the sides equals the sum of the squares of the diagonals. (This is the parallelogram law)
It has rotational symmetry of order 2
It has two lines of symmetry

Properties 
 Opposite sides of parallelogram are parallel.
 Any line through the midpoint of a parallelogram bisects the area.
 Parallelograms  are quadrilaterals.

References

Other websites 

 Parallelogram and Rhombus - Animated course (Construction, Circumference, Area)
 Interactive Parallelogram --sides, angles and slope

Polygons
Lázaro Cárdenas

Lázaro Cárdenas del Río (Jiquilpan, Michoacán, May 21, 1895 - October 19, 1970) was president of Mexico from 1934 and 1940. Considered one of the most honest and hardworking presidents in the history of Latin America, he provided strong, clean leadership at a time when his country most needed it. Today he is revered among Mexicans for his zeal in eliminating corruption, and many cities, streets and schools bear his name. He initiated a family dynasty in Mexico, and his son and grandson have both gone into politics.

1895 births
1970 deaths
Presidents of Mexico
People from Michoacán
Laura Schlessinger

Laura Schlessinger, also known as Doctor Laura or Dr. Laura, (born January 16, 1947) is an American radio show host and a writer. She is socially conservative. She has held controversial opinions and views on certain subjects.

1947 births
Living people
Writers from New York City
American television presenters
The Chicks

The Chicks are an American country band. They have had many hit songs. They are from Texas. The Dixie Chicks are Martie Maguire, Natalie Maines and Emily Robison. The group formed in Dallas, Texas in 1989. They have won 13 Grammy Awards. When performing a concert in 2003 they garnered controversy afterward for Natalie Maines' comments about being ashamed that George W. Bush was from Texas.

In June 2020, during the George Floyd protests, the band changed their names from The Dixie Chicks to The Chicks.

Singles

"Not Ready to Make Nice" (2006)

References

1989 establishments in the United States
1980s American music groups
1990s American music groups
2000s American music groups
2010s American music groups
Country musicians from Texas
Grammy Award winners
Musical groups established in 1989
Musical groups from Texas
1980s establishments in Texas
Kathy Bates

Kathy Bates (born Kathleen Doyle Bates, June 28, 1948) is an American actress and director. She was born in Memphis, Tennessee.

Bates has starred in many movies, most notably Misery, Fried Green Tomatoes, Titanic and Richard Jewell.

Bates had ovarian cancer in 2003 and breast cancer in 2012.  

Bates is also known for her multiple roles on American Horror Story. She also played Jo Bennett in the American sitcom The Office.

References

Other websites 

1948 births
Living people
Actors from Memphis, Tennessee
American movie actors
American movie directors
American stage actors
American television actors
American television directors
American voice actors
Breast cancer survivors
Earthquake Engineering Research Institute

Earthquake Engineering Research Institute or EERI is a technical society in spreading of earthquake engineering information both in the U.S. and globally.  EERI members include researchers, geologists, geotechnical engineers, educators, government officials, and building code regulators.  Their mission, as stated in their 5-year plan published in 2006, has the following three points:

Advancing the science and practice of earthquake engineering.
Improving understanding of the impact of earthquakes on the physical, social, economic, political, and cultural environment.
Advocating comprehensive and realistic measures for reducing the harmful effects of earthquakes.

Related pages
United States Geological Survey

References

Other websites
EERI's Website
EERI Student Leadership Council's Website
Earthquake Spectra's Website

Research organizations in the United States
Earthquake engineering
Feria del Sol (Mérida)

Feria Del Sol (), or Carnaval Taurino de America (), is an international cultural festival held in the city of Mérida every February of the year. The Feria festival is held alongside the carnival feast. The festival includes bull competitions, cultural expositions, commercial and zootechnic expositions, concerts, parades, sports, and a voting competition for La Reina Del Sol ().

History
In the city of Mérida; celebrates a more ancient interest of Venezuela, but in the City of the Knight, which did not celebrate fairs similar to the cities of San Cristóbal, Barquisimeto, Maracaibo, Táriba. Therefore, a group of amateurs had the idea to build a Plaza de Toros, so that Mérida had a taurine calendar and was added to the most important fairs of the country, which already had a peak imponente in all the national territories. At the beginning the fairs, who was set up the first days of December, had the function of celebrate the day of the "Immaculate Conception", therefore the people set the date of the fairs on 9 December and 10 December. For the bullfighting, César Faraco, Manuel Benítez "El Cordobés", Francisco Rivera "Paquirri", Julio Aparicio, Curro Girón, Paco Camino and the mounted bullfighter, Juan Cañedo, who is of Mexican origin, and fought bulls of Félix Rodríguez, "Achury Vejo" and "Ambaló" who all originated in the country of Colombia.

For the first run, heavy rainfall prevented the inauguration, which resulted in two runs, which had to be held on the second day: one in the morning hours and the other during the afternoon, which was, the first time this had happened in a same square, in the same day in Venezuela. Previously in Caracas, which celebrated two runs in the same day, but in two different squares, in the "Circo Metropolitano" and the "Nuevo Circo", but in the same square, during the same day, which also, was the first time that this had happened.

In 1968, the fair was not celebrated, but a bullfighting occurred on 13 April 1968 in coincidence of the Holy Saturday. Was fought a stupendous closing of "Dosgutiérrez" and acted Alfredo Leal, Curro Girón and Pepe Cáceres. Then, decided celebrate the fairs so that they coincided with the carnivals under the name of Feria del Sol and like this was as in 1969 celebrated the first fair with three run of bulls the days 15, 16 and 17 February of said year. The first poster was composed by bulls of "Valparaíso" for Alfredo Leal, Daniel "Matatoba" Santiago, Manuel Benítez "El Cordobés" and the Venezuelan Lucio Requena. The first ear of the fair was for Alfredo Leal.

At the end, the fair has transformed into one of the most important fairs of Venezuela and, also, the taurine world. Regarding the fair of the "Immaculate" which, has celebrated in these years, 1990, 1991, and 1997 but with very little acceptance.

Bibliography

References

Other websites
  Official Website of the Feria del Sol 

Venezuelan culture
Mérida, Venezuela

Santiago de los Caballeros de Mérida, Venezuela, is the capital of the municipality of Libertador and the state of Mérida, and is one of the principal cities of the Venezuelan Andes. It was founded in 1558, forming part of Nueva Granada, but later became part of the Captaincy General of Venezuela, and played an active role in the War of Independence.

Mérida has more than 200,000 inhabitants and a metropolitan area containing some 350,000 people. It is the main center for education and tourism in western Venezuela, the home of the prestigious University of the Andes, and the location of the highest and second longest aerial tramway in the world.

Mérida is at an altitude of approximately 1,600 meters (5,249 ft). The city sits on a plain in the valley of the Chama river, which runs from one end to the other.  The backdrop of  Mérida's skyline is the country's highest summit, Pico Bolívar.

Cities in Venezuela
Mérida (state)
1550s establishments in South America
16th-century establishments in Venezuela
1558 establishments
Beeswax

Beeswax is a wax used by honeybees for building their hive. It is also used in the cosmetics and pharmaceutical industry. Large amounts of beeswax are used to make candles. It only has a minor role in the chemical industry, to make ski wax, for example. Sweets which are made of gelatin sometimes use beeswax as a covering. In medicine and physical therapy, beeswax is sometimes used to treat a cough and common cold, as well as muscle pain.

Bees
Materials
Hernia

A hernia is a medical condition. If an organ or its tissue moves from its normal position through to another position, this is called a hernia.

There are various types of hernia. Most hernias happen in the abdomen. Hernias sometimes give pain and/or a lump that can be felt or seen. The cause can be hereditary or it can be from lifting objects  especially heavy ones – in a wrong way. There are other things that can give hernias as well. Hernias especially if small or mild can be treated with medicine but will not take off although it will relieve symptoms.

Types of hernia 

 Inguinal Hernia - Inguinal hernia occurs when a small portion of the intestine exits the inguinal canal and enters the femoral joint. Flatulence is a disorder of the esophagus, which usually involves the lining of the abdomen.
 Femoral Hernia - This type of hernia develops when fatty tissue or part of the intestines sticks out of the groin at the top of the inner part of the thigh. It is comparatively less common than inguinal hernia and mainly affects women.
 Umbilical Hernia - When a muscle or tissue hole opens near the umbilical cord, it starts coming out of the internal part of our body, it is called umbilical hernia. In umbilical hernia, there is swelling in the area around the navel.

Hernia treatments

Laparoscopic procedures for hernia repair

Laparoscopic, or minimally invasive, procedures use several small incisions to access the hernia no more than 1 centimeter in length. The abdomen is inflated with carbon dioxide to provide space for the surgeon to work, and the hernia is repaired with a small, flexible instrument called a laparoscope.

Open surgery

This is an open-cut surgery that is performed in the area of the hernia. In this procedure, the protruding tissues are set back, and the weak muscles are stitched up neatly. Also, these are times when a type of mesh will be inserted over the area to provide additional support.

Reconstructive surgery for hernia repair

Abdominal wall reconstruction repairs defects in the abdominal walls while reducing abdominal tension and providing structural support. This may require a component separation so that the muscular sides of the hernia gap can be brought together again.

References

Health problems
2001 anthrax attacks

The 2001 Anthrax attacks were a series of incidents in the United States. The attacks began on September 18, 2001 and lasted for several weeks. Anthrax was spread through the mail. The anthrax spores were put in envelopes and sent to several news media offices and two U.S. senate offices.
22 people were infected. Five people died. It was believed that the person who was responsible for this was Dr. Bruce Edward  Ivins. He was a senior biodefense researcher who was employed by the U.S. government. Ivins killed himself in 2008. He was not prosecuted for the crime but the evidence suggests that he acted alone in mailing the envelopes.

References

2001 crimes
2001 in the United States
2000s crimes in the United States
Murder in the 21st century in the United States
October events
September events
Southern Province, Sri Lanka

The Southern Province ( Dakunu Palata,  Thaen Maakaanam) of Sri Lanka is a small geographic area consisting of Galle District, Matara District and Hambantota District.It takes 8 hours and 10 minutes to go to Jaffna to Matara District.

Provinces of Sri Lanka
Western Province, Sri Lanka

The Western Province ( Basnahira Palata,  Mael Maakaanam) is the most densely populated province of Sri Lanka.
Province of Albacete

Albacete Province () is a province of central Spain, in the southern part of the autonomous community of Castile-La Mancha. It is bordered by the provinces of Granada, Murcia, Alicante, Valencia, Cuenca, Ciudad Real and Jaén.

Provinces of Castile-La Mancha
Álava

Álava Province ( and officially Álava-Araba) is a province of northern Spain in the southern part of the Basque Autonomous Community. It is bordered by the provinces of Burgos (W), La Rioja (S), Navarre (E), Gipuzkoa (NE) and Biscay (NW). The County of Treviño is an exclave of Burgos Province (Castile and León) surrounded by Alavese land, although there is strong local support for Treviño's incorporation into Álava and the Basque Autonomous Community.

Provinces of Spain
Basque Country
Province of Ávila

Ávila Province () is a province of central-western Spain, in the southern part of the autonomous community of Castile and León. It is bordered on the south by the provinces of Toledo and Cáceres, on the west by Salamanca, on the north by Valladolid, and on the east by Segovia and Madrid. Ávila has a population of 165,138 (2002). Its capital is Ávila.

Provinces of Spain
Castile and León
Province of Almería

Almería Province () is a province of the Autonomous Community of Andalusia, Spain. It is bordered by the provinces of Granada, Murcia, and the Mediterranean Sea. Its capital is Almería.
 Video where you can see all towns from province of Almería

Provinces of Spain
Andalusia
Kenai Peninsula

The Kenai Peninsula is a large peninsula jutting from the southern coast of Alaska in the United States. The name Kenai is probably derived from Kenayskaya, the Russian name for Cook Inlet, which borders the peninsula to the west. The peninsula sticks out about  from the mainland of Alaska. Several towns and cites are there, including Soldotna, Kenai, Seward, and Homer. The pennsula has its own local government. There is also a lot of wilderness, a lot of it is in protected areas such as the Chugach National Forest and the Kenai National Wildlife Refuge.

Other websites
Local Government official website
Wildlife refuge
National Forest

References

Geography of Alaska
Provinces of Gran Colombia

The 37 provinces of Gran Colombia in 1824:

Gran Colombia
The Nutty Professor (1996 movie)

The Nutty Professor is a 1996 American science fiction romantic comedy movie. It was released by Imagine Entertainment/Universal Pictures. It stars Eddie Murphy and co-stars Jada Pinkett Smith, John Ales, James Coburn, Larry Miller, Dave Chappelle and Montell Jordan.

Eddie Murphy plays university professor Sherman Klump, Jada Pinkett Smith plays a chemistry graduate student, John Ales plays Sherman’s assistant Jason, James Coburn plays Harlan Hartley, Larry Miller plays Dean Richmond, Dave Chappelle plays Reggie Warrington and Montell Jordan plays himself.

It was marketed as a family science fiction comedy and earned $273,961,019. It had one sequel named Nutty Professor II: The Klumps which was releaced in theaters and later given a format release. There is also a third movie in development which was set to be released mid-late 2011.

Release Dates

Other websites 

1996 romance movies
1996 comedy movies
1990s romantic comedy movies
1990s science fiction movies
1990s African-American movies
American romantic comedy movies
American family movies
American science fiction movies
English-language movies
Mad scientist movies
Movies composed by David Newman
Universal Pictures movies
2010 WTA Tour

The Women's Tennis Association (WTA) Tour is the number one tier professional tennis tour for women's tennis competition. The 2010 WTA Tour calendar comprises the Grand Slam tournaments (organised by the International Tennis Federation (ITF)), the WTA Premier tournaments (Premier Mandatory, Premier 5 and regular Premier), the WTA International tournaments, the Fed Cup (organised by the ITF), and the year-end championships (the Commonwealth Bank Tournament of Champions and the WTA Tour Championships). Also included in the 2010 calendar is the Hopman Cup, which does not distribute ranking points, and is organised by the ITF.

Schedule
This is the complete schedule of events on the 2010 calendar, with player progression documented from the quarterfinals stage.

Key

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

Other websites
Women's Tennis Association (WTA) official website

WTA Tour
WTA seasons
2011 ATP World Tour

The Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) World Tour is the number one tier tennis tour for men's tennis competition. The 2011 ATP World Tour calendar cosists of Grand Slam tournaments (organised by the International Tennis Federation (ITF)), the ATP World Tour Masters 1000, the ATP World Tour 500 series, the ATP World Tour 250 series, the ATP World Team Championship, the Davis Cup (organized by the ITF), and the ATP World Tour Finals. Also included in the 2011 calendar is the Hopman Cup, which does not distribute ranking points, and is organised by the ITF.

Schedule
This is the complete schedule of events on the 2011 calendar, with player progression documented from the quarterfinals stage.

Key

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

Other websites
Official website of the Association of Tennis Professionals

ATP World Tour
ATP seasons
Scotty 2 Hotty

Scott Ronald Garland (born July 2, 1970 in Westbrook, Maine) is an American firefighter and professional wrestler who is best known for working with WWF/E and Extreme Championship Wrestling (ECW) under the ring name, Scotty 2 Hotty. 

He was one-half of the tag-team Too Cool with Grandmaster Sexay and sometimes Rikishi. During his time in Too Cool, Garland won the WWE Tag Team Championship 1 time with Rikishi and won the WWF World Tag Team Championship with Grandmaster Sexay. He also defeated Dean Malenko to win the WWF Light Heavyweight Championship on April 17, 2000 but he held the title for only 10 days before he dropped it back to Malenko on April 27, 2000.

In February 2013, he began training as a firefighter and graduated from the Lake Tech Fire Academy in Tavares, Florida in June 2013.

Championships
Garland has won many belts with different wrestling promotions:

Coastal Championship Wrestling
CCW Heavyweight Championship (one time)

Eastern Pro Wrestling
EPW Heavyweight Championship (one time)
EPW Tag Team Championship (one time)
New England Wrestling Association
NEWA Heavyweight Championship (four times)

World Wrestling Federation/World Wrestling Entertainment
WWE Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Rikishi
WWF Light Heavyweight Championship (one time)
WWF Tag Team Championship (one time) – with Grandmaster Sexay

References

Other websites

Official website 

1970 births
Living people
American professional wrestlers
Firefighters
Former WWE wrestlers
Sportspeople from Maine
2011 WTA Tour

The Women's Tennis Association (WTA) Tour is the number one tier professional tennis tour for women's tennis competition. The 2011 WTA Tour calendar comprises the Grand Slam tournaments (organised by the International Tennis Federation (ITF)), the WTA Premier tournaments (Premier Mandatory, Premier 5 and regular Premier), the WTA International tournaments, the Fed Cup (organised by the ITF), and the year-end championships (the Commonwealth Bank Tournament of Champions and the WTA Tour Championships). Also included in the 2011 calendar is the Hopman Cup, which does not distribute ranking points, and is organised by the ITF.

Schedule
This is the complete schedule of events on the 2011 WTA Tour. Player progression will be documented from the quarterfinals stage.

Key

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

Other websites
Women's Tennis Association (WTA) official website

WTA Tour
WTA seasons
2011 Brisbane International

The 2011 Brisbane International was a combined Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) and Women's Tennis Association (WTA) tennis tournament, played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 3rd edition of the tournament and took place at the Queensland Tennis Centre in Tennyson, Brisbane. It was held from January 2 to 9 . It was part of the Australian Open Series in preparation for the first grandslam of the year.

Champions

Men's Singles

 Robin Söderling def.  Andy Roddick, 6–3, 7–5.
It was Soderling's 1st title of the year and 7th of his career.

Women's Singles

 Petra Kvitová def.  Andrea Petkovic, 6–1, 6–3.
 It was Kvitová's 1st title of the year and the 2nd of her career.

Men's Doubles

 Lukáš Dlouhý /  Paul Hanley def.  Robert Lindstedt /  Horia Tecău, 6–4, retired.

Women's Doubles

 Alisa Kleybanova /  Anastasia Pavlyuchenkova def.  Klaudia Jans /  Alicja Rosolska, 6–3, 7–5.

Other websites
Official website

Brisbane International
2011 in Australia
Hard court tennis tournaments
2011

fr:Open de Brisbane 2011 (ATP)
nl:ATP-toernooi van Brisbane 2011
Jhang

Jhang is a city in Pakistan. It is the capital of Jhang District.  It is on the east bank of the Chenab River.

Cities in Pakistan
Bhawana Tehsil

Bhawana Tehsil is in Chiniot District, Punjab, Pakistan. It is on the bank of the Chenab River.

Tehsils of Punjab (Pakistan)
Bhawana

Bhawana (Bhowana) (, ) is a capital of Bhawana Tehsil and a city of Punjab, Pakistan. It is on the bank of Chenab River. Its administration (Bhawana Tehsil) was made a tehsil of Chiniot District on 2 February 2009 when Mian Shahbaz Sharif (Chief Minister of Punjab) came to Chiniot to make it a district. Before that, Bhawana was a sub-tehsil of Chiniot Tehsil and Chiniot Tehsil was a tehsil of Jhang District.

Geography and climate 
Bhawana is on the banks of the Chenab River. It is between coordinates 31°33'58 in North and 72°38'46 in East with altitude of 157 m (515 ft). Its soil is very fertile. It is among the area's largest agriculture cities. It is 36 km from Chiniot, 50 km from Faisalabad, 46 km from Jhang and 70 km from Sargodha. Its weather is like much of Pakistan's, with summer, spring, winter and autumn seasons. Its temperatures are moderate.

Cities in Pakistan
Chiniot

Chiniot is a city of Punjab province in Pakistan. It is the capital of Chiniot District. It is on the bank of the Chenab River.

Cities in Pakistan
All-India Muslim League

The All-India Muslim League   was a political party in British India. It was founded at Dacca (now Dhaka, Bangladesh), in the Bengal Presidency, in 1906. The League played an important role during the 1940s in the Indian independence movement. It  was a driving force behind the creation of Pakistan as a Muslim state on the Indian subcontinent.

After the independence of India and Pakistan, the Muslim League was split. The major part went to Pakistan and continued politics as the Muslim League there. The Muslim League remained as a minor party in India, especially in Kerala.

In Pakistan, the League formed the country's first government. The League disintegrated into a number of factions during the 1950s after an army coup by General Ayub Khan. One or more functions of the Muslim League have been in power in most of the civilian governments of Pakistan since 1947.

In Bangladesh, the party gained strength in 1976 and won 14 seats in 1979 parliamentary election. Its importance has decreased since then. The League no longer holds any major or significant role in Bangladesh.
In Pakistan, the Pakistan Muslim League (PML) is still one of the major political parties. It has split into a number of separate groups now, like the PML-N, PML-Q and others.

References

Political parties in India
Muslim League
Nationalist organizations in India
1906 establishments in Asia
Mir Taqi Mir

Mir Taqi Mir (born 1723  

in Agra - died September 21, 1810 in Lucknow). He was an Urdu poet and one of the pioneers who gave Urdu shape to itself.  He is remembered as Khuda-e-Sukhan which means "god of poetry".his father name was syed ali muttaqi .

References

1723 births
1810 deaths
Indian poets
Urdu poets
Kristina Keneally

Kristina Kerscher Keneally (born 19 December 1968) is an American-born Australian politician. She was the 42nd Premier of New South Wales. On 3 December 2009 the Australian Labor Party caucus elected Keneally to replace Nathan Rees as leader and she became the first woman premier of New South Wales. The Labor Party lost the 2011 state election, and Barry O'Farrell of the Liberal Party became the new premier on 28 March 2011. 
On 29 June 2012, Keneally resigned from Parliament as she started her job as CEO of Basketball Australia.

References

1968 births
Living people
Keneally, Kristina
Politicians from Sydney
Australian Labor Party politicians
Politicians from Las Vegas, Nevada
Ted Baillieu

Edward Norman "Ted" Baillieu MLA (born 31 July 1953) is an Australian politician. He was the Premier of Victoria from 2010 to 2013, and member for the Legislative Assembly seat of Hawthorn. He became the leader of the Victorian Division of the Liberal Party of Australia since May 2006 and Premier of Victoria from 2 December 2010 after the Liberal/Nationals Coalition defeated the Brumby-led Australian Labor Party government with 45 seats to 43 in the Legislative Assembly. He resigned as Premier on 6 March 2013. There had been complaints about his ability to lead and there was a scandal involving his Chief of Staff. Earlier on 6 March, a member of the party, Geoff Shaw, resigned which meant Baillieu no longer had a workable majority in Parliament.

References

1953 births
Living people
Premiers of Victoria
Politicians from Melbourne
Liberal Party of Australia politicians
University of the Punjab

University of the Punjab is a public university located in Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. It was established in 1882 and is the oldest university in Pakistan. The university is spread over an area of . It is affiliated with the Higher Education Commission of Pakistan and the Pakistan Engineering Council.

Campus 
It has two campuses in Lahore, the Allama Iqbal campus (the old campus) and the Quaid-e-Azam campus (the new campus). There is also a campus in Gujranwala, Jhelum, Khanaspur and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.

References 

Colleges and universities in Pakistan
Lahore
Marital status

A person's marital status is the answer to the question about whether he is married. This question is usually seen on the forms such as censuses and credit card applications. The application forms ask you to select either the word "Single" or the word "Married".

Marriage
Location

In geography, the term location or geographical location is the place or location used to identify a point on the surface of the Earth or any other place in relation to the countries and bodies of water adjacent to this place. It can also be determined by the 360-degree longitude lines separated by the Greenwich line to 180 degrees east and 180 degrees west; a coordinate system. The 180 degrees latitude are divided by the equator into 90 degrees north and 90 degrees south.

Related pages

Cartesian coordinate system

Geography
Cartography
Jhang Tehsil

Jhang Tehsil is an administrative subdivision (tehsil) of Jhang District. It is on the bank of Chenab River and Jhelum River.

Tehsils of Punjab (Pakistan)
Islamic studies

Islamic studies is a term that can mean two different things.

"Islamic studies" can mean researching or learning any topic in a way that agrees with Islamic knowledge.  It includes all the traditional forms of religious thought, such as Kalam  (Islamic theology) and Fiqh (Islamic law). It also looks at areas of study that look at secular topics from an Islamic understanding. For example, Islamic science and Islamic economics.

"Islamic studies" can also mean studying the history of Islam and Islamic philosophy.  Academics from many different disciplines (areas of study) study and share knowledge on Muslim societies as it is today and as it has been in the past.  Some non-Muslim scholars have written works which are read by many Muslims.  Before 1980, such non-Muslim scholars in this field had been called "Islamicists". The field of study was often a part of  Oriental studies It is now more often said to be a part of Asian studies. Many universities have degrees on the subject of Islamic studies.

Asian studies
Punjab International Public High School

Punjab International Public School is a high school on Aminpur road in Bhawana. It has a well educated faculty of males and females. It studies the classes Nursery to Matric.

Education in Pakistan
Schools
Aminpur

Aminpur is a town in Faisalabad, Pakistan. It is near the border with the Chiniot District.

Towns in Pakistan
Life peer

A Life Peer is a member of the British House of Lords, who is appointed to serve for his or her lifetime.  The first life peers were made in the 19th century, to help the House of Lords carry out its job as England's highest court, but this is now done by the Supreme Court.

Politics of the United Kingdom
Liquid scintillation counting

Liquid scintillation counting is an analytical technique. It is used to measure radiation from beta (alpha) - emitting nuclides. It can also detect the auger electrons emitted from Chromium-51 (51Cr) and Iodine-125 (125I) samples. Samples of nuclides are dissolved or suspended in a "cocktail". The "cocktail" is containing an aromatic solvent and small amounts of other additives known as fluors. Beta (alpha) particles emitted from the sample transfer energy to the solvent molecules. The molecules  in turn transfer their energy to the fluors. The excited fluor molecules dissipate the energy by emitting light. Scintillation cocktails often contain additives that shift the wavelength of the emitted light. It makes it more easily detected.

The samples are placed in small transparent (often glass or plastic) vials. They are loaded into a liquid scintillation counter. The counter has two photomultiplier tubes. They are connected in a coincidence circuit. The coincidence circuit assures that genuine light pulses are counted. 
Counting efficiencies under ideal conditions is about 30% for tritium. Tritium is a low-energy beta emitter. It is nearly 100% for phosphorus-32 (32P). Phosphorus is a high-energy beta emitter. Some chemical compounds and highly colored samples can interfere with the counting process. This interference is known as "quenching". It can be overcome through data correction or through careful sample preparation. 32P can also be counted in a scintillation counter without the cocktail. This technique is known as Cherenkov counting. It relies on the Cherenkov radiation being detected directly by the photomultiplier tubes. Cherenkov counting in this experimental context is normally used for quick rough measurements.

Physics
Sarah Jessica Parker

Sarah Jessica Parker (born March 25, 1965) is an American television and movie actress, producer, and fashion designer. She was born in Nelsonville, Ohio.

Parker is partly of Jewish descent (her father is Jewish) and considers herself Jewish.

She played Carrie Bradshaw in the television series Sex and the City. She has also starred in many movies, such as the 1984 movie Footloose.

Sarah Jessica Parker married Matthew Broderick in 1997.

References

Other websites 

1965 births
Living people
Actors from Ohio
American child actors
American fashion designers
American movie actors
American movie producers
American stage actors
American television actors
American television producers
Emmy Award winning actors
Golden Globe Award winning actors
Jewish American actors
Jewish businesspeople
Screen Actors Guild Award winners
Old Street station

Old Street station is a central London National Rail and London Underground station. It is at the junction of Old Street and City Road. This is just north of the City of London. It is on the border between the boroughs of Islington and Hackney. The station is in Travelcard Zone 1.

References

Other websites
 for Old Street station from National Rail
 London Transport Museum Photographic Archive

Northern line stations
Railway stations in the London Borough of Islington
Tube stations in the London Borough of Islington
Transport in the London Borough of Hackney
Railway stations served by First Capital Connect
1901 establishments in England
1904 establishments in England
Multiple working

Multiple Working is the term used in the UK where more than one operational diesel or electric locomotives are coupled together under the control of one driver. The term can also apply when diesel or electric multiple unit trains are coupled together and also under the control of one driver. 'In tandem' is the term usually used in the UK when more than one diesel or electric locomotive are hauling a single train and under the control of a driver on each locomotive.

If the front locomotive of a pair in multiple has failed the driver can still control the rear locomotive for as long as air and electricity supplies are available on the failed locomotive.

Rail transport
Al-Qaeda Organization in the Islamic Maghreb

The Al-Qaeda Organization in the Islamic Maghreb is an Islamic organisation which has its roots in Algeria. They are armed, and were called Salafist Group for Preaching and Combat (French: Groupe Salafiste pour la Prédication et le Combat; GSPC) beforehand. In English they were sometimes referred to as Group for Call and Combat. They want to overthrow the Algerian government and put an Islamic state in its place. To that end, it is currently engaged in an insurgent campaign.

It is commonly believed that the group is a false flag operation created by the Algerian state intelligence agency.
The group has said it would attack Algerian, Spanish, French, and American targets. It has been designated as a Foreign Terrorist Organization by the U.S. Department of State, and similarly classed as a terrorist organization by the European Union.

The group is believed to be allied with Al-Qaeda, and to have between 300 and 800 active fighters.

References

Al-Qaeda
Islamic terrorism
Algeria
Sunni organizations
Shiaphobia
Julia Louis-Dreyfus

Julia Scarlett Elizabeth Louis-Dreyfus (born January 13, 1961) is an American actress of partly Jewish descent. 

Louis-Dreyfus is best known for her role as "Elaine Benes" in the television series Seinfeld. She is also noted for her work in other television programs and in movies. She also starred on the situation comedy The New Adventures of Old Christine. She also starred in the HBO show "Veep" where she played Selina Meyer, the Vice President of the United States.

She won many awards, like the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series in 2017.

Family 
Ancestor and Jewish-French businessman Léopold Louis-Dreyfus founded the Louis Dreyfus Group in the nineteenth century.

References

Other websites 
 

1961 births
Living people
Actors from New York City
American movie actors
American stage actors
American television actors
American voice actors
Comedians from New York City
Emmy Award winners
Screen Actors Guild Award winners
Seinfeld
Wall Street

Wall Street is a street in Lower Manhattan, New York City. It runs southeast from Broadway, through the Financial District to South Street on the East River. It is home to the New York Stock Exchange, the world's largest stock exchange and Federal Hall. Most headquarters of many other American exchanges NYSE, NASDAQ, AMEX, NYMEX, NYBOT are also run from Wall Street.

Landmarks in Manhattan
Nancy Kerrigan

Nancy Kerrigan (born October 13, 1969) is an American silver medalist and figure skater. During the Winter Olympics of 1994, Kerrigan was clubbed behind the knee by an attacker. As a result, Tonya Harding, her figure skating rival, was banned from professional skating.

Kerrigan married her agent, Jerry Solomon, on September 9, 1995. The couple have three children together, Matthew, Brian, and Nicole.

References

Other websites

1969 births
Living people
American figure skaters
American Olympic bronze medalists
American Olympic silver medalists
Sportspeople from Massachusetts
Tonya Harding

Tonya Harding (born November 12, 1970) is an American former figure skater and boxer. She became well known because of her role in the attack on fellow skater Nancy Kerrigan in 1994. She was then banned by USFSA from professional skating. In her later years, Harding became a boxer.

References

1970 births
Living people
American boxers
American figure skaters
Sportspeople from Portland, Oregon
Rufus Wainwright

Rufus Wainwright (born July 23, 1973, Rhinebeck, New York) is a Canadian-American singer. He is the son of singers and performers Loudon Wainwright III and Kate McGarrigle. His sister Martha Wainwright is also a well known singer.

In 2009 he wrote his first opera, Prima Donna, which was first performed at the Manchester International Festival.

Wainwright made his first album in 1998. It was called Rufus Wainwright.

Discography
 Rufus Wainwright (1998)
 Poses (2001)
 Want One (2003)
 Want Two (2004)
 Release the Stars (2007)
 Rufus Does Judy at Carnegie Hall (2007)
 All Days Are Nights: Songs for Lulu (2010)
 Out of the Game (2012)

References

Other websites 

 Official site

1973 births
Living people
 
Musicians from New York
Canadian singers
singers from New York
Iran Air

Iran Air is an airline based in Iran. It is the flag carrier of Iran, and is owned by the government of Iran.

History

The airline was started in 1944, and was called the Iranian Airways Company. In 1946, the airline made its first flight. It started by flying only to places in Iran, but soon started flights to other countries. It started by flying Douglas DC-3 airplanes. Later, it bought other types of airplanes. By the late 1950s, Iran Air was moving 80,000 people each year.

In 1961, because the government ordered it, Iran Air combined with another Iranian airline, Persian Air Services. This combined company was owned by the government and called United Iranian Airlines, but it changed its name to Iranian National Airlines. The new airline carried about 142,000 people a year, and by the late 1960s carried 403,000 people.

In the early 1970s, the airline bought five Boeing 747s. After the Islamic Revolution, Iran Air was not allowed to buy planes from the United States, but it still bought planes from Airbus. By the mid 2000s, though, the airline was not able to get enough parts to keep its planes flying, and had to stop flying some of them.

During the early 2000s, Iran Air carried about six million people a year, and an airline it owned, Iran Air Tours, carried two million people. Iran Air had 9,000 people working for it, and made about $407.44 million.

Fleet
Iran Air has the following types of aircraft in its fleet, as of September 2009:

Major crashes
Iran Air Flight 655 was shot down in the Persian Gulf by the USS Vincennes on 3 July 1988, killing 290 people.
Iran Air Flight 227 crashed on 9 January 2011 in northwest Iran, killing 77 people.

References

Airlines of the Middle East
Iran
1944 establishments in Asia
1940s establishments in Iran