cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Division of Barton

The Division of Barton is a Federal Electoral Division for the Australian House of Representatives in the state of New South Wales. It was created in 1922 and is named for Sir Edmund Barton, the first Prime Minister of Australia. 

It includes the inner suburbs of Arncliffe, Banksia, Bardwell Valley, Beverley Park, Bexley, Bexley North, Brighton-Le-Sands, Carss Park, Dolls Point, Kogarah, Kogarah Bay, Kyeemagh, Monterey, Ramsgate, Ramsgate Beach, Rockdale, Sandringham, Sans Souci, Turrella and Wolli Creek and parts of Beverly Hills, Carlton, Earlwood and Kingsgrove.

Members

Dr H. V. Evatt was the Leader of the ALP 1951–60. Evatt nearly lost the seat in 1951 and 1955, and in 1958 he moved to the safe seat of Hunter.

The first member for Barton was Labor's Frederick McDonald. He disappeared after his 1925 defeat by Nationalist Thomas Ley. It is now believed that Ley had him murdered. Ley was later found to be insane and died in Broadmoor Asylum in Britain. Robert McClelland, was Australia's Attorney-General. Linda Burney is the first Indigenous Australian woman elected to the Australian parliament.

Election results
 2010 election results
 2007 election results
 2004 election results
 2013 election results

References

Division of Barton - Australian Electoral Commission

Other websites
 Nickolas Varvaris' website 

Barton
New South Wales
1922 establishments in Australia
Spin

Spin may mean:
Rotation
Spin (physics), a property of some particles like electrons
Spin (magazine), a music magazine
Spin-off, something new that comes from a thing that is already there
Genka calendar

, also known as Yuan-chia li or Yuan-jia li, was a Japanese lunisolar calendar (genka reki).  It was used from 604 to 696.

History
The calendar was created in 425 during the Genka era in Chinese history.

The  Genka-reki system was brought to Japan from Korea by a Buddhist monk.  The earliest record of this calendar in Japan is in the 10th month of the 10th year of the reign of Empress Suiko (602).

Dates in the Nihon Shoki before the late 7th century were likely recorded using the Genka calendar system.

Related pages
 Japanese calendar
 Sexagenary cycle
 Gihō calendar
 Taien calendar  
 Goki calendar 
 Semmyō calendar

References

Other websites
 National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar"

Calendars
7th-century establishments in Japan
7th-century disestablishments in Japan
604 establishments
696 disestablishments
Semmyō calendar

, also known as Semmei-reki or Xuanming li, was a Japanese lunisolar calendar (genka reki).  It was used from the late-9th century to the late-17th century.

History
The  Semmyō-reki or Semmei-reki system corrected errors in earlier calendars which were developed in China.   It was the work of Shibukawa Shunkai and Shikokawa Kōkyō.

The earliest record of this calendar is in the 8th month of the 3rd year of Jōgan (861) during the reign of the Emperor Seiwa.

Related pages
 Japanese calendar
 Sexagenary cycle
 Genka calendar
 Gihō calendar
 Taien calendar  
 Goki calendar

References

Other websites
 National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar"

Calendars
Gihō calendar

, also known as Yi-feng li or Rentoku-reki, was a Japanese lunisolar calendar (genka reki).

History
The calendar was created in China.  It was first used in the Rintoku era during the Tang Dynasty..

The  Gihō-reki system was brought from Korea to Japan in Yi-feng era (676-678) of the reign of Emperor Gaozong of Tang.  This calendar corrected errors in the Yuan-jia li (Genka calendar) which was developed in China.  For a short time, both Genka and Gihō calendars were in use.

Related pages
 Japanese calendar
 Sexagenary cycle
 Genka calendar
 Taien calendar
 Goki calendar
 Semmyō calendar

References

Other websites
 National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar"

Calendars
Oestrous cycle

The oestrous cycle (U.S: estrous cycle) is the reproductive system in most mammals.

Reproductive hormones cause the cycles to start after puberty in sexually mature females. They are interrupted by non-breeding phases or by pregnancies. Usually estrous cycles continue until death.

Differences from the menstrual cycle
Mammals share the same reproductive system, including the regulatory hypothalamic system that releases gonadotropin-releasing hormone in pulses, the pituitary that secretes follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone, and the ovary itself releases sex hormones like estrogens and progesterone.

However, species vary in the details. One difference is that animals that have oestrous cycles reabsorb the endometrium if conception does not occur during that cycle. Animals that have menstrual cycles shed the endometrium through menstruation instead.

Another difference is sexual activity. In species with oestrous cycles, females are generally only sexually active during the oestrus phase of their cycle. This is referred to as being 'in heat'.

In contrast, females of species with menstrual cycles can be sexually active at any time in their cycle, even when they are not about to ovulate. Humans and some other primates, do not have any obvious external signs to signal when ovulation occurs (concealed ovulation). Recent research suggests that women tend to have more sexual thoughts and are more prone to sexual activity right before ovulation (estrus). Nevertheless, this is nothing as obvious as the frenzy which other mammals show during 'heat'.

References

Hormones
Female reproductive system
Mammals
Taien calendar

, also known as Daien or Daiyan or Dayan calendar, was a Japanese lunisolar calendar (genka reki).  It was developed in China; and it was used in Japan from about 746 to 857.

History
The calendar was created in China.  It was first used in the 17th year of the Kaigen era  during the Tang Dynasty.

The  Taien-reki system corrected errors in the Genka calendar and Gihō calendar which were used in Japan in the first half of the 8th century. It was the work of Yixing, who was a Chinese astronomer.

Related pages
 Japanese calendar
 Sexagenary cycle
 Genka calendar
 Gihō calendar  
 Goki calendar 
 Semmyō calendar

References

Other websites
 National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar"

Calendars
Veronique Cloutier

Veronique Cloutier (born December 31, 1974 in Montreal, Quebec) is a TV and radio presenter from Quebec.  She is the daughter of Carole Fullum and Guy Cloutier.    She is married to Louis Morissette since June 30th 2012. They have three children.

She is a host for radio and a TV shows.  In 1993, she got a job at Musique Plus.  After that, she quit Musique Plus to work at Radio-Canada.  In 1998, she had more than 1 200 000 viewers of her TV show named La Fureur every week. She presented La Fureur for five seasons.  After that, she hosted many shows such as the ‘’Gala de l’ADISQ’’, ‘’Stars à domicile’’, ‘’La fureur de Céline’’, ‘’Ceci n’est pas un Bye Bye’’.  From 2007 to 2009, she hosted a quiz show called ‘’Paquet Voleur’’. Since 2010, she works on her talk show ‘’Les enfants de la télé’’ and she also worked on the 2010 and 2011 ‘’Bye Bye’’.

She started in 1994 on the radio with ‘’Le choix de Montréal’’ on CKMF Radio Energie.  In September 2004, she started a new show at Rythme FM called ‘’Les midis de Vero’’.  On May 2011, she celebrated her 1000th show.  Veronique Cloutier is also an actress.  She played in her first movie, ‘’Les dangereux’’, in 2002.  In 2004, she became president of her father’s productions which she renamed Novem Communications.  She was in the business until 2009 when she decided to spend more time with her family.  She also had a career as a spokeswoman. From 2000 to 2006, she represented ‘’Suzuki’’. In 2006, she was a speaker for ‘’Monnaie royale canadienne’’ and ‘’Fondation de l’hôpital Sainte-Justine’’.  In 2010, her clothes collection went on the market in l’Aubainerie stores.  In 2012, she associated herself with Jouviance as a beauty products ambassadress. Veronique is also active on social networks such as Facebook or Twitter.

References

Related pages 
 Biography: Veronique Cloutier

1974 births
Living people
Canadian entertainers
Television talk show hosts
Luteinizing hormone

Luteinizing hormone (LH, lutropin  or lutrophin) is a sex hormone produced by gonadotroph cells in the anterior pituitary gland. 

In females, an LH surge triggers ovulation and development of the corpus luteum (a temporary endocrine structure in female mammals that promotes relatively high levels of progesterone). In males, where LH had also been called interstitial cell–stimulating hormone (ICSH), it stimulates Leydig cell production of testosterone. It acts synergistically with Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH).

Predicting ovulation 
The detection of a surge in luteinising hormone shows ovulation will soon happen. LH can be detected by urinary test kits. Tests are done daily, round the time ovulation is expected.  A swing from a negative to a positive reading suggests that ovulation will occur in 24–48 hours. The women has two days to engage in sexual intercourse or artificial insemination with the intentions of conceiving.

Tests may be read manually using a colour-change paper strip, or digitally with the assistance of reading electronics.

References 

Hormones
Goki calendar

, also known as Wuji li, was a Japanese lunisolar calendar (genka reki).  It was developed in China; and it was used in Japan in the mid-9th century.

History
The  Goki-reki system corrected errors in the Taien calendar which was used in Japan in the first half of the 9th century. The corrections were the work of Akasuga Manomaro.

Related pages
 Japanese calendar
 Sexagenary cycle
 Genka calendar
 Gihō calendar  
 Taien calendar 
 Semmyō calendar

References

Other websites
 National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar"

Calendars
Shah Puri dialect

Shah puri is one of the oldest dialect of the Punjabi language spoken in Sargodh Division  of Pakistani Punjab. 

Its name is derived from former Shahpur District (now Shahpur Tehsil, part of Sargodha District). It is also called  Western Punjabi. 

This dialect has great proximity with Majhi Dialect of Punjabi Language. It can be described as a mixture of Majhi, Pothohari and thalochi dialects. Shahpurias in the Khushab area speak this dialect in a more Thalochi tone while those in southern parts of its distribution have color of Jhangochi on their language.

It is spoken throughout a widespread area, spoken in Sargodha and Khushab Districts and also spoken in neighbouring Mianwali, Mandi Bahudin and Bhakkar Districts. It is mainly spoken on western end of Sindh River to Chennab river crossing Jehlam river.
This entire area has almost the same traditions, customs and culture. The Shahpuri dialect of Punjabi has several aspects that set it apart from other Punjabi variants.

Dialect Speaking Areas
Two districts of Punjab Province of Pakistan and neighboring districts speak this dialect.

Sargodha District
Khushab District
Mianwali District (in minority)
Bhakkar District  (in minority)

Differences in Punjabi Dialects Standard (Majhi), and Western (Shahpuri)

Sub-dialects of Shah puri

Standard Lehnda (Shah puri)
Rohi being a mixture of thalochi and shah puri (Mianwali District)

Related pages

Punjabi language
Punjabi literature
Punjabi culture
Sargodha District
Khushab District
Mianwali District
Bhakkar District
Sargodha
Khushab

References 

Punjabi language
Kerning

In typography, kerning is changing the space between two letters to make the text easier to read. Usually, this means that letters look equally spaced, and two letters are never too close together or too far apart. If two letters are too close together or too far apart that would make it difficult to read the plain text message.

The purpose of kerning, and most other typography is to make the printed or screen text more legible, that is, easier to read, and also more attractive. 

A related idea is typographic ligature. This is when two letters are formed so they fit together. In traditional metal type printing, ligatures were formed from lead in certain pairs. It is basically the same idea as kerning, but done automatically.

Typography
P.M. Dawn

P.M. Dawn are an American Hip hop-R&B duo from Jersey City, New Jersey. The duo consists of Prince Be, Doc.G. and K-R.O.K.

The band was created in 1988 by brothers Attrell Cordes (Prince Be) and former member Jarrett Cordes (DJ Minutemix). Attrell and Jarrett's father died when they were young so they were raised by their mother and step father George Brown, who was a founding member of Kool & The Gang. "Set Adrift on Memory Bliss" from their debut album Of the Heart, of the Soul and of the Cross: The Utopian Experience is one of their best known songs and reached #1 on the Billboard Hot 100 as well as #3 on the United Kingdom. 

Prince Be suffered a massive stroke in early 2005 and had a second stroke which caused a gangrenous infection in his right leg on February 12, 2009. His leg had to be amputated below the kneecap because of a result of the infection.

Discography

Studio albums
Of the Heart, of the Soul and of the Cross: The Utopian Experience (1991)
The Bliss Album…? (Vibrations of Love and Anger and the Ponderance of Life and Existence) (1993)
Jesus Wept (1995)
Dearest Christian, I'm So Very Sorry for Bringing You Here. Love, Dad (1998)
F*cked Music (2000)

References

Other websites 
Archived version of their Official website

1980s American music groups
1990s American music groups
2000s American music groups
2010s American music groups
1988 establishments in the United States
American R&B bands
Hip hop bands
Musical groups from Jersey City, New Jersey
1980s establishments in New Jersey
Bogor Regency

Bogor Regency (Indonesian: Kabupaten Bogor) is a regency (kabupaten) of West Java, Indonesia. It is south of DKI Jakarta. Bogor covers an area of . It is considered a bedroom community for Jakart In 2020, 5,427,068 people lived there. Its administration is located in Cibinong.

Bogor is bordered to the north by Tangerang Regency, the cities of South Tangerang, Depok and Bekasi, and Bekasi Regency.  Sukabumi Regency borders it to the south. To the south east is Cianjur Regency.  Karawang Regency is to the east of it. It fully encircles Bogor City which is administratively seperate of the regency. It is bordered by Lebak Regency (in Banten Province) to the west.

The area has had a large amount of population growth. Two areas which were a part the regency in the past have been split off as cities. On 20 April 1999, the city of Depok joined with some districts of Bogor Regency to form an the city of Depok. It is  independant of the regency. Bogor Regency is the most populous regency in Indonesia.

References

Subdivisions of Indonesia
Bagh-e-Jinnah

Bagh-e-Jinnah (used to be called Lawrence Gardens) is a large park in Lahore, Pakistan. It includes a  botanical garden and other popular facilities, which were made during the British Raj. The Gardens were originally named after Sir John Lawrence, who was the first Lieutenant-Governor of the Punjab and who did much to develop the city of Lahore in colonial times. 

After Pakistan's independence, some people demanded that the Gardens be renamed with a more 'patriotic' name so during the 1980s, their name was finally changed to Bagh i Jinnah (Jinnah's Gardens), after Muhammad Ali Jinnah, founder of the country. However, many people in Lahore still continue to call the Gardens as 'Lawrence Gardens', for the sake of historical accuracy. 

Lahore
Parks in Pakistan
Grafting

Grafting or graftage is a technique used in horticulture that consists of taking tissues from one plant and putting them onto another plant. The two plants will then grow together. The technique is a type of vegetative reproduction. Grafting is commonly used with roses, and fruit trees. It only works with dicots and gymnosperms, and not with monocots. Monocots do not have a vascular cambium, which is needed for the process to work. There are several different methods of grafting; each method has its advantages and drawbacks.

Botany
Ivanhoe

Ivanhoe is a historical romantic novel set around the reign of Richard I of England. It was written by Scottish author Walter Scott. It was first printed in 1820. A 1952 movie version of the story starred Robert Taylor, Elizabeth Taylor, and Joan Fontaine.

Other websites
 Online edition of Ivanhoe 

British novels
1820s books
American Forces Press Service

The American Forces Press Service (AFPS) is the news service provided by the Defense Media Activity (formerly the American Forces Information Service). It is part of the United States Department of Defense. It supplies news stories that relate too the activities of U.S. military forces around the world.

Other websutes
AFPS

United States Department of Defense agencies
John Hemmingham

John Hemmingham (born 26 February 1963) is an association football fan and football administrator from Sheffield, England. He is best known as the leader and trumpet player of the Pukka Pies England Band.

Band

Sheffield Wednesday
Hemmingham started playing music at football matches in 1993 when he took a bugle to a Sheffield Wednesday match away at Everton's Goodison Park and played the fanfare to Aida.

Sources

Living people
1963 births
People from Sheffield
Trumpeters
2052

2052 (MMLII) will be .

Predicted and scheduled events 
 2052 Summer Olympics will be held.
March 30 – there will be a total solar eclipse, beginning over the Line Islands and will pass over Mexico with the centre of the eclipse passing the tip of the Mississippi Delta, and will then continue over Georgia and Savannah.

In fiction

Literature 
 In Stephen Baxter's novel Flood, Mount Everest – the highest point on Earth – is submerged in this year.

Television 
 On the new ABC series Defying Gravity, the Antares 6-year space mission begins in this year.

Video games 
 The events of Deus Ex take place in this year.
 The racing video game Wipeout takes place in this year.
 According to the Fallout Universe the United Nations have been disbanded on July 26th of this year.
 Sergeant Cortez and Amy Chen raid U-Genix in TimeSplitters: Future Perfect in 2052.

References 

 
Years in the future
Breuil-Cervinia

Breuil-Cervinia is a village in the Valle d'Aosta region of Italy. It is famous for its ski resort, which has a link to the one in Zermatt, Switzerland. 

Breuil-Cervinia is a frazione of the comune of Valtournenche. It is at 2,006 m above sea level. It stands below the Matterhorn (in Italian: Cervino, in French: Cervin). The name of the village comes from Breuil, which is the French name of the valley where the village is, and Cervinia from the Italian name of the Matterhorn. The FIBT bobsleigh world championships took place here for three years: 1971, 1975 and 1985. The Giro d'Italia also had a stage (a day of racing) finishing here for three times: 1960, 1997 and 2012.

Other websites 
Official website

Settlements in Valle d'Aosta
Villages in Europe
Ski areas and resorts
Aosta

Aosta (, ) is a city in northern Italy. It is the capital city of the Valle d'Aosta () region. It is roughly in the middle of the region, along the Dora Baltea (), the main river that flows in the valley. It is at 583 m above sea level. Around the city there are many mountains (the Alps).

Romans conquered the area in 25 BC. Later, the city was conquered by the Frankish Empire after the fall of the Western Roman Empire. Finally, it went under control of the House of Savoy in the 11th century. Many Roman buildings still survive in the city, like the east and south gates. The basic plan of the city, with rectangular blocks of streets, is Roman.

History 
The valley of Aosta is a typical alpine valley, cut into a V-shape by glaciers during the ice age. It runs from an upper part near Mont Blanc to lower areas like the city of Aosta.

The area has been Roman, French and Italian (House of Savoy) before the unification of Italy. All street names are in French and Italian, and dialects of French are still spoken by many.

Roman Aosta 
The Romans defeated the local Salassi tribe in 25 BC. Their commander, Marcus Terentius Varro, then founded the Roman colony of Augusta Praetoria Salassorum, housing 3,000 retired veterans.

After 11 BC Aosta became the capital of the Alpes Graies ("Grey Alps") province of the Empire.

Significance 
Aosta is at the join of two rivers. It is at the end of the Great St Bernard Pass (which leads to Switzerland) and the Little St Bernard Pass (which leads to France). Its position gave it considerable military importance, and the layout of the town was that of a Roman military camp.

The valley was a way for trade and soldiers to get from Italy to Gaul (later, France). This explains its importance to the Romans. Now it sits  near the Italian entrance of the Mont Blanc Tunnel.

At present Aosta Valley is a semi-autonomous region in northwestern Italy. It is the smallest region in Italy, and is not divided into provinces.

Aostan 
Aostan French () is the variety of French spoken in the Aosta Valley, where many speak some form of French. Some expressions, words and phrase constructions are different from standard French; some are similar to Swiss French. Some words come from the Piedmontese language or Italian. Both modern French and Italian mix with this local patois, valdôtain, which is Franco-Provençal in type.

References

Other websites 
 Official website 

Regional capitals in Italy
Settlements in Valle d'Aosta
Goryōkaku

is a star fort in the Japanese city of Hakodate on the island of Hokkaidō. It was the main fortress of the short-lived Republic of Ezo.

History 
Goryōkaku was designed in 1855 by Takeda Hisaburō.  His plan was based on the work of the French architect Vauban.  The fort is shaped like a five-pointed star.  This allowed for greater numbers of gun emplacements on its walls than a traditional Japanese fortress, and reduced the number of blind spots where a cannon could not fire.

The fort was built by the Tokugawa shogunate to protect the Tsugaru Strait against a possible invasion by the Russian fleet.  

Goryōkaku is famous as the site of the last battle of the Boshin War (Goryōkaku no Tatakai).  The fighting lasted for a week (June 20-27 1869).

References

Other websites

Japan Atlas: Goryokaku Fort

Buildings and structures in Hokkaido
Sankagiri

Sankagiri or Sankari () is a panchayat town. It is in the Salem district of Tamil Nadu. It is on the National highway 47.

History 

Sankagiri Fort is a historical fort. It is maintained by the Archaeological Survey of India. Sankagiri Fort was built in the 15th century. It was built by the Vijayanagar empire. It has 14 fort walls built on and around a hill. The last phase of these walls were built by the British.

Settlements in Tamil Nadu
Salem district
American Forces Network

The United States Armed Forces Radio and Television Service is called American Forces Network (AFN).   AFN broadcasts radio and television to American soldiers, sailors, airmen, Department of Defense and other US government civilians and their families stationed outside of the U.S. and on U.S. Navy ships.  AFN broadcasts popular American radio and television programs from  U.S. networks. It is sometimes called the Armed Forces Network.  AFRTS, American Forces Network and AFN are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Defense.

Other websites 
 American Forces Radio and Television Service 
American Forces Network Europe

Books 
 Patrick Morley: 'This Is the American Forces Network': The Anglo-American Battle of the Air Waves in World War II. Praeger Publishing (2001).
 Trent Christman: Brass Button Broadcasters: A Lighthearted Look at Fifty Years of Military Broadcasting. Turner Publishing (1992).
 History of AFRTS: The first 50 years. U.S. Government Printing Office (1993).

References

Military of the United States
Peabody Award winners
Radio stations
1942 establishments in the United States
George Andrew Davis, Jr.

George Andrew Davis, Jr. (December 1, 1920 – February 10, 1952) was a highly decorated flying ace of the United States (US) Army in World War II. He was later part of the US Air Force during the Korean War. Davis rose to the rank of lieutenant colonel. He was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor for his actions in "MiG Alley" during the war. He was the only flying ace of the United States to be killed in action in Korea.

With a total of 21 victories he is one of only seven US military pilots to become an ace in two wars. He is also one of only 31 to be credited more than 20 victories. He was the fourth highest scoring ace of the Korean War.

Biography
George Andrew Davis Jr. was born in Dublin, Texas on December 1, 1920. He was the seventh of nine children born to George Davis Sr. and Pearl Love Davis. In his childhood, Davis briefly lived in Maple, Texas. Davis attended Morton High School in Morton, Texas. Davis then attended Harding College in Searcy, Arkansas. After completing a degree he returned to Texas. He took up farming for a time with his family before eventually deciding to join the military.

Aerial victory credits
Throughout his career, Davis was credited with 21 confirmed victories, 1 probable victory and 2 aircraft damaged. This made him one of only 30 US pilots to gain more than 20 confirmed victories over their careers. He had been known to be an extremely talented pilot and was especially accurate at deflection shooting, even from long distances against moving targets. Davis was one of 1,297 World War II aces from the United States, with seven confirmed kills during that war. He later became one of 41 Korean War aces from the United States, with 14 confirmed victories during that war. At the time of his death he was the top-scoring ace from the US, making him the ace of aces. By the end of the war, he was the fourth-highest scoring ace.

Military awards

Medal of Honor citation
Davis was the third of four members of the US Air Force to be awarded the Medal of Honor in the war, after Louis J. Sebille, John S. Walmsley Jr. and before Charles J. Loring Jr. All four Air Force recipients were pilots and all were awarded the medal posthumously.

Distinguished Service Cross citation

Related pages
List of Korean War Medal of Honor recipients

Notes

References

Sources

1920 births
1952 deaths
Medal of Honor recipients
People from Texas
Purple Heart recipients
Tangmarg

Tanghmarg () is a town and tehsil of the Baramulla District in Jammu and Kashmir, India.

Tehsils of Jammu and Kashmir
Barak Valley

The Barak Valley (Bengali: বরাক উপত্যকা) (also South Assam) is located in the southern region of the Indian state of Assam. The main city of the valley is Silchar. The region is named after the Barak river. The Barak valley mainly consists of three administrative districts of Assam State - namely Cachar, Karimganj, and Hailakandi. Among these three states, Cachar and Hailakandi belonged to the erstwhile Cachar district in British-India, whereas Karimganj belonged to the Sylhet district . Karimganj was separated from Sylhet after the 1947 referendem; with the rest of Sylhet falling under East Pakistan and Karimganj under India.

Etymology 
The name "Barak" has derived from the Dimasa words 'Bra' & 'Kro'. Bra means bifurcation and Kro upper portion/stream. The river Barak is bifurcated near Haritikar in the Karimganj district in to Surma River and Kushiyara River. The upstream of this bifurcated river was called Brakro by the local Dimasa people. Over the years, Brakro got converted in to Barak.

Demography 

Barak valley had a population of 4,377,612 as per as 2021 census. Hinduism have gone-down from 50% in 2011 to 47% in 2021 due to low fertility rate and large scale immigration of the community from the Valley to others parts of the region in search of jobs and livelihood. The number of Hindu immigrants from Bangladesh into Barak Valley has varied estimates from year 1971-2014. According to the Assam government, (1.3-1.5) lakhs such people residing in the Barak Valley are eligible for citizenship if the Citizenship (Amendment) Act, 2019 becomes a law. Islam is the fastest growing religion in Barak valley, As per as  2011 census, Muslims were 48.1% in the valley and in 2021 census it have gone up to 51% due to high fertility rate and lower immigration of the community to others regions/parts of the country.
Christian missionaries have active in Barak region since from the time of independence. As a result of Christian missionaries, Christianity is rapidly growing among the tribals and poor section of Muslim and Hindu society of the valley since from the past 2 decades. In 2011, Barak valley had 57.9 thousand christians but in the year of 2021, it have grown to almost 74.4 thousands approximately due to high rate of conversion from various church denomination missionaries from the valley.

References

Assam
Valleys
Geography of India
Ottawa Lady Senators

The Ottawa Lady Senators are a women's ice hockey team, that are from Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. They played in the Canadian Women's Hockey League (CWHL) until 2010. The team began playing in 1988. The team was then known as the National Capital Raiders. In 1989 the team changed its name to Ottawa Raiders. In 2007 the team again changed its name to the Ottawa Capital Canucks. The team changed its name to the Ottawa Senators in 2008. The current coach of the team is Brad Marsh. He used to play for the Ottawa Senators in the National Hockey League (NHL).

Other websites
Official website

1988 establishments in Canada
Ice hockey teams in Ontario
Ottawa
South Chungcheong Province

South Chungcheong Province is a region of western South Korea. It is one of the richest and fastest growing areas of South Korea. The provincial capital is called Hongseong.

History 
In ancient times, South Chungcheong Province belonged to Mahan - the ancient tribal country of Korea. After Baekje conquered Mahan, it belonged to Baekje. Later, in the Goryeo Dynasty, it was grouped with current Gyeonggi-do and North Chungcheong into 'Gwangyang-do'. In the Joseon Dynasty, South Chungcheong and North Chungcheong were reorganized into Chungcheong-do. On October 4, 1896, it was separated as South Chungcheong.

References

Other websites
http://www.chungnam.go.kr/englishMain.do

Provinces of South Korea
Kenneth Mars

Kenneth Mars  or Ken Mars (April 4, 1935 – February 12, 2011) was an American movie, television, stage, and voice actor. He was known for his roles in Young Frankenstein, The Little Mermaid, The Producers, and as Otto Mannkusser in Malcolm in the Middle.

Mars was born on April 4, 1935 in Chicago, Illinois. He studied at Northwestern University. He was married to Barbara Newborn from 1977 until his death in 2011. They had two children. Mars died on February 13, 2011 in Granada Hills, Los Angeles, California from pancreatic cancer, aged 75.

References

Other websites

1935 births
2011 deaths
Deaths from pancreatic cancer
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American voice actors
Television personalities from Chicago
Comedians from Chicago
Actors from Chicago
Kiki Farrel

Kiki Farrel (born in Jakarta, Indonesia, May 26, 1986) is an actor from Indonesia. He began his career by being extras in a number of sitcoms, increasingly uphill career by participating in the event Supermama Selebconcert with her mother, Mama Dahlia. After following Supermama Selebconcert, she starred in the soap opera Cinta Kirana.

Personal life
Kiki Farrel was rumored to have a relationship with some of the women and the last relates to Natha Narita. Kiki Farrel was also hit by news skewed to the issue of the release of his gay porn video entitled The Series Hot Kiki Farel which lasted about three minutes. Kiki Farrel denied that it was not him who is in the video and did not know anything about the distribution of the videos.

Filmography

TV series
 Love
 Cinderella (Apakah Cinta Hanyalah Mimpi?)
 Cinta
 Cinta Kirana
 Cinta Intan
 Andra Cari Cinta
 Terlanjur Cinta

References

1986 births
Living people
Indonesian actors
Actors from Jakarta
Lionel Jeffries

Lionel Charles Jeffries (June 10, 1926 – February 19, 2010) was an English actor, screenwriter, and director who is known for his roles in Chitty Chitty Bang Bang, Camelot, The Railway Children, The Amazing Mr Bluden, First Men in the Moon, Two-Way Stretch, and The Trails of Oscar Wilde.

Early life and education 
Jeffries was born on June 10, 1926 in Forest Hill, London, England. He studied at Queen Elizabeth Grammar School. He was married to Eileen Mary Walsh from 1951 until his death in 2010. They had three children.

Death 
Jeffries died on February 19, 2010 in Poole, Dorset, England from vascular dementia, aged 83.

References

Other websites

 
 
 Lionel Jeffries - Daily Telegraph obituary
 Lionel Jeffries - Times obituary

1926 births
2010 deaths
Actors from London
Deaths from vascular dementia
Disease-related deaths in England
English movie actors
English radio actors
English stage actors
English television actors
English voice actors
Movie directors from London
Screenwriters from London
Writers from London
Russ Mayberry

Russell "Russ" B. Mayberry (December 22, 1925 – July 27, 2012) was a Scottish-American television director who directed Dallas, Matlock, Star Trek: The Next Generation, I Dream of Jeannie, and Kojak.

Mayberry was born on December 22, 1925 in Glasgow, Scotland. He was raised in Chicago, Illinois. He studied at Northwestern University. Mayberry was married to Sandy Mayberry until his death in 2012. They had two children. Mayberry died on July 27, 2012 in Fort Collins, Colorado from an illness, aged 86.

References

Other websites

1925 births
2012 deaths
Naturalized citizens of the United States
American television directors
People from Glasgow
Businesspeople from Chicago
J. Michael Riva

John Michael Riva (June 28, 1948 – June 7, 2012) or J. Michael Riva was an American production designer. He worked on Halloween II, Bad Boys 2, Spider-Man 3, Iron Man 2, The Amazing Spider-Man, and Django Unchained. His grandmother was actress Marlene Dietrich.

Riva was born on June 28, 1948 in Manhattan, New York City, New York to William Riva and Maria Sieber. He studied at Institute Le Rosey and at the University of California, Los Angeles. He was married to Wendy Riva until his death in 2012. They had four children. Riva died of a stroke in New Orleans, Louisiana while filming Django Unchained, aged 63.

References

Other websites
 

1948 births
2012 deaths
Deaths from stroke
People from New York City
Jane March

Jane March (born 20 March 1973) is an English actress. She was born in London to a Vietnamese-Chinese mother and Anglo-Spanish father. She has starred in many movies. These movies include The Lover and Color of Night. Both of these movies were originally rated NC-17 by the MPAA.

References

Other websites

Actors from London
English movie actors
1973 births
Living people
Regina Taylor

Regina Taylor (who was born August 22, 1960 in Dallas) is an American movie actress who starred in many movies. She starred in Courage under Fire with Denzel Washington.

American movie actors
Actors from Texas
1960 births
Living people
Christine Taylor

Christine Joan Taylor (born July 30, 1971 in Allentown, Pennsylvania) is an American actress and comedian. She played the character Marcia in The Brady Bunch Movie and A Very Brady Sequel. She also starred in Party Girl, a television program based on the 1995 comedy of the same name.

Taylor dated actor Matthew Lillard in 1995.

Taylor married actor Ben Stiller in 2000.

References

Actors from Pennsylvania
American movie actors
American television actors
1971 births
Living people
People from Allentown, Pennsylvania
Iced Earth

Iced Earth is an American heavy metal band from Tampa, Florida.

The band was formed under the name Purgatory on January 20, 1985 by guitarist Jon Schaffer. The band later changed their name to Iced Earth. Since the band was created, they have had many different line-up changes with over twenty musicians joining and leaving Iced Earth.

They released their debut album, Iced Earth, in November 1990 in Europe and in February 1991 in North America. They are currently signed to Century Media Records.

Band members 

Current
Jon Schaffer - rhythm and lead guitars, backing vocals (1985–present)
Brent Smedley - drums (1996–1997, 1998–1999, 2006–present)
Jake Dreyer - lead guitar (2016–present)
Stu Block - lead vocals (2011–present)
Luke Appleton - bass guitar, backing vocals (2012–present)

Former
Richard Bateman - bass (1985-1986)
Bill Owen - lead guitar (1985-1987)
Greg Seymour - drums (1985-1989)
Gene Adam - lead vocals (1985-1991)
Dave Abell - bass (1987-1996)
Randall Shawver - lead guitar (1988-1998)
Mike McGill - drums (1989-1991)
John Greely - lead vocals (1991-1992)
Rick Secchiari - drums (1991-1992)
Rodney Beasley - drums (1992-1995)
Matt Barlow - lead vocals (1994-2003, 2007-2011)
Mark Prator - drums (1995-1996, 1998)
James MacDonough - bass (1996–2000, 2001–2004)
Larry Tarnowski - lead guitar (1998–2003)
Steve DiGiorgio - bass (2000–2001)
Richard Christy - drums (2000–2004)
Ralph Santolla - lead guitar (2003–2004)
Tim "Ripper" Owens - lead vocals (2003–2007)
Bobby Jarzombek - drums (2004-2006)
Ernie Carletti - lead guitar (2006)
James "Bo" Wallace - bass (2006-2007)
Tim Mills - lead guitar (2006–2007)
Dennis Hayes - bass (2007)
Freddie Vidales - bass (2008-2012)
Troy Seele - lead guitar (2007-2016)

Discography

Albums
Iced Earth (1990, Europe) (1991, North America)
Night of the Stormrider (1991, Europe) (1992, North America)
Burnt Offerings (1995)
The Dark Saga (1996)
Something Wicked This Way Comes (1998)
Horror Show (2001)
The Glorious Burden (2004)
Framing Armageddon (2007)
The Crucible of Man (2008)
Dystopia (2011)
Plagues of Babylon (2014)
Incorruptible (2017)
A Narrative Soundscape (2022)

References

Other websites 
Official website

1980s American music groups
1980s establishments in Florida
1985 establishments in the United States
1990s American music groups
2000s American music groups
2010s American music groups
American heavy metal bands
Musical groups established in 1985
Musical groups from Florida
Power metal bands
Progressive metal bands
Tampa, Florida
Thrash metal bands
Holly Robinson Peete

Holly Elizabeth Robinson Peete (born September 18, 1964) is an American actress. She has acted in many television sitcoms. These include the 1992-1997 sitcom Hangin' with Mr. Cooper. She is also an activist on the subject of autism. Peete was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

References 

American television actors
Actors from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
1964 births
Living people
Strip Me (song)

"Strip Me" is a 2010 single by the English singer Natasha Bedingfield off her album, also named Strip Me. The song didn't do well on Billboard Hot 100; it peaked near 91 on the chart. This song was featured in the movie Morning Glory.

Songs by Natasha Bedingfield
2010 songs
Sister Sledge

Sister Sledge is an American R&B and pop music group. It was founded in Philadelphia in 1971. They have had several hit singles. Their hits are We are Family, Frankie and He's the Greatest Dancer. Their names are Kim, Kathy, Joni and Debbie. Sledge is their actual last name. The original identity of the group was "Mrs. Williams Grandchildren", though it was later changed to the current name "Sister Sledge". They were especially popular in the late 1970s and early 1980s.

1971 establishments in the United States
American girl groups
American R&B bands
1970s establishments in Pennsylvania
Jimmy Fallon

James Thomas Fallon (born September 19, 1974) is an American actor, comedian, singer, musician and television host. He was the host of Late Night with Jimmy Fallon. He was a cast member of Saturday Night Live and has also hosted that show. On April 3, 2013, NBC announced that Fallon would be the new host of The Tonight Show,  beginning at the end of the 2014 Winter Olympics.

Personal life 
Fallon was born on September 19, 1974 in the Bay Ridge neighbourhood of Brooklyn, New York. He was raised in Saugerties, New York. He studied at The College of Saint Rose. Fallon married Nancy Juvonen in 2007.

References

Other websites

Food Bank For New York City public service announcement 
NBC's Official Late Night with Jimmy Fallon Site

1974 births
Living people
Webby Award winners
American movie actors
American voice actors
American television actors
American television personalities
Comedians from New York City
American television presenters
Actors from New York City
Writers from New York City
Singers from New York City
Musicians from New York City
Gorgoroth

Gorgoroth are a Norwegian black metal band that are currently based in Bergen. 

The band was formed in 1992 by guitarist Infernus after he made a "deal with the Devil". The name of the band comes from the dead plateau of evil and darkness in the land of Mordor from J. R. R. Tolkien's 1954 fantasy novel, The Lord of the Rings. 

They released their debut album, Pentagram, on 12 October 1994.

Band members 

Current
Infernus – guitars (1992–present)
Tomas Asklund – drums (2007–present)
Atterigner – vocals (2012–present)

Former
Goat Pervertor – drums (1992–1994)
Hat – lead vocals (1992–1995)
Kjettar – bass guitar (1993)
Samoth – bass guitar (1993–1994)
Storm – bass guitar (1995)
Grim – drums (1995–1996)
Ares – bass guitar (1995–1997)
Vrolok – drums (1996–1998)
T-Reaper – bass guitar (1998–1999)
Gaahl – lead vocals (1998–2007)
Sersjant – drums (1999)
Kvitrafn – drums (2000–2004)
Frost – drums (1994–1995, 2004–2005)
King ov Hell – bass guitar (1999–2006, 2007)
Pest – lead vocals (1995–1997, 2008–2012)
Tormentor – guitars (1996–2002, 2008–2012)
Bøddel (2007–2015; died in 2015)

Discography

Albums
Pentagram (1994)
Antichrist (1996)
Under the Sign of Hell (1997)
Destroyer (1998)
Incipit Satan (2000)
Twilight of the Idols (2003)
Ad Majorem Sathanas Gloriam (2006)
Quantos Possunt ad Satanitatem Trahunt (2009)
Under the Sign of Hell 2011 (2011)
Instinctus Bestialis (2015)

References

Other websites 
Official website

1990s music groups
1992 establishments in Europe
2000s music groups
2010s music groups
Black metal bands
Norwegian heavy metal bands
Musical groups from Bergen
1990s establishments in Norway
Peter Breck

Joseph Peter Breck (March 13, 1929 – February 6, 2012) was an American actor and personality who is known for his roles in The Big Valley, Shock Corridor, Black Saddle, The Beatniks, and in the Crawling Hand.

Breck was born on March 13, 1929 in Rochester, New York. He was raised in Houston, Texas. He studied at the University of Houston. Breck was married to Diana Breck from 1960 until his death in 2012. They had one son, Christopher. Breck died on February 6, 2012 in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada from dementia, aged 82.

References

Other websites

The Official Peter Breck website

1929 births
2012 deaths
Deaths from dementia
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American voice actors
American radio actors
American television personalities
American radio personalities
Actors from New York
Actors from Houston, Texas
People from Rochester, New York
Retinal migraine

Retinal migraine (also known as ophthalmic migraines, or ocular migraines) is a medical condition that affects the eyes by causing vision loss in one eye for less than 1 hour, usually for about 10–20 minutes. When these retinal migraines happen they can also cause a headache, either a diffuse headache which is a headache that causes pain which is spread out and hurts a person's whole head, or, a unilateral headache, which is a headache that causes pain on one side of a persons head either, the left side or the right side.

It is believed retinal migraines are caused by vasospasms of the blood vessels of the eye in the area of the retina. The retina is at the back of the inside of the eye. In medicine a spasm is a sudden constriction or tightening of muscles that is involuntary - a person does not control them they move on their own. Muscle spasms can happen in different muscles of the body, like when a person's leg or eye twitches. The twitching is caused by the spasms.

Vaso- means something to do with the blood vessels, so a vasospasm causes the muscle cells inside the walls of a blood vessel to suddenly constrict or tighten up. This causes the whole blood vessel to constrict which means makes the blood vessel narrower. When a blood vessel constricts it is called vasoconstriction.

When vasoconstriction happens less blood the normal is able to flow through the blood vessel, like the way squeezing (constricting) a garden hose makes less water come out. Vasoconstriction can happen for different reasons including because of a medical problem.

The second part of a vasospasm -vasodilation - occurs after the vasoconstriction. After the blood vessel constricts it dilates - becomes bigger. It may return to normal size or slightly larger than normal size.

The vasoconstriction and vasodilation complete one spasm. Spasms often happen many times over and over again. It is beleved that the muscle cells tigntening and loosenening may trigger the pain of a retinal migraine.

References

Migraine
Immortal (band)

Immortal are a Norwegian black metal band that are currently based in Bergen. 

The band was formed in 1990 by vocalist Abbath Doom Occulta and former guitarist Demonaz Doom Occulta after the bands Old Funeral and Amputation disbanded and members from both of the bands joined together to make Immortal. Immortal disbanded in 2003 because of personal reasons but they reunited in 2006.

They released their debut album, Diabolical Fullmoon Mysticism, on 1 July 1992.

Band members 

Current
Abbath Doom Occulta – vocals, guitar (1989–2003, 2006–present), bass (1989-1998), drums (1992–1993, 1994–1995)
Demonaz Doom Occulta – lyrics (1989–2003, 2006–present), guitar (1989–1997)
Horgh – drums (1989–2003, 2006–present)
Apollyon – bass (2006–present)

Former
Jörn Tonsberg – guitar (1989–1991)
Armagedda – drums (1990–1992)
Kolgrim (Jan Atle Åserød) – drums (1992)
Kapten Galachtik – bass (1992–1993)
Grim – drums (1993–1994; died 1999)
Hellhammer – drums (1995)
Ares – bass (1998)
Iscariah – bass (1999–2002)
Saroth – bass (2002–2003)

Discography

Albums
Diabolical Fullmoon Mysticism (1992)
Pure Holocaust (1993)
Battles in the North (1995)
Blizzard Beasts (1997)
At the Heart of Winter (1999)
Damned in Black (2000)
Sons of Northern Darkness (2002)
All Shall Fall (2009)
Northern Chaos Gods (2018)

References

Other websites 
Official website

1980s music groups
Musical groups established in 1989
1990s music groups
2000s music groups
2010s music groups
Black metal bands
Norwegian heavy metal bands
Musical groups from Bergen
1980s establishments in Norway
Melanie Lynskey

Melanie Jayne Lynskey (born 16 May 1977) is a New Zealand actress who has starred in lots of movies, including Hello I Must be Going, But I'm a Cheerleader and Heavenly Creatures. She was in the sitcom Two and a Half Men and in other television programs. She was born in New Plymouth.

Other websites 

Entertainers from North Island
New Zealand movie actors
New Zealand television actors
1977 births
Living people
Ashford & Simpson

Ashford & Simpson were an American R&B music duo who had a lot of hit singles dating to the mid 1960s and continuing through the early 1990s. The duo consisted of Nickolas Ashford and Valerie Simpson. Ashford was born May 4, 1941 and died due to throat cancer, August 22, 2011; Simpson was on August 26, 1946. Singers associated with Ashford & Simpson included Marvin Gaye and Diana Ross.

American R&B bands
Barbara Werle

Barbara May Theresa Werle (October 6, 1928 – January 1, 2013) was an American actress who was known for her roles in The Ed Sullivan Show, Krakotoa: East of Java, Battle of the Buldge, and in Charro.

Werle was born on October 6, 1928 in Mount Vernon, New York. She studied at a Catholic High School in New York. She was raised in Los Angeles, California. Werle had one son. Werle died on January 1, 2013 in Carlsbad, California from natural causes, aged 84.

Death
She died at age 84 on January 1, 2013.

References

Other websites

 

1926 births
2013 deaths
Deaths from natural causes
Actors from Los Angeles
Actors from New York
American movie actors
American radio actors
American stage actors
American television actors
People from Mount Vernon, New York