cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Silo

A silo is a building that holds silage.  Silage is green chopped plants (usually grass or corn stalks) that is kept wet (this is different than hay, which is stored dry). It ferments and can be kept all winter.  It makes good food for livestock, particularly dairy cows.

History 

The silo is a fairly recent part of the farmyard.  It was first widely used in the late 1800's.  They are still used today.

Structure 

While silage can be stored in many ways, the typical silo is a tall cylinder.  It usually has a cone or dome cap on top.  There is an opening at the top to put silage in, and doors running down one side to take it out.  Originally a farmer would climb the outside of the silo to the top of the silage, go inside, and shovel out the silage.  There is typically a chute on the outside, and the silage would fall down the chute, where it could be gathered and fed to the cows.  Now there is machinery that does that job.

References 

Agricultural buildings
Flag of Kazakhstan

The current flag of Kazakhstan () was adopted on 4 June 1992. It replaced the flag of the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic.

Historical flags

References 

Kazakh
Kazakhstan
Flag of Kosovo

The flag of the Republic of Kosovo was adopted after its independence from Serbia on 17 February 2008.

The background of the flag is blue in color. A map of Kosovo and six stars are on the map.  Officially, the stars mean Kosovo's six major ethnic groups.

Reference 

Kosovo
Kosovo
Power County, Idaho

Power County is a county of the U.S. state of Idaho. The area of Power County is .

Communities

Cities 
American Falls
Pocatello (partly)
Rockland

Census-designated place
Arbon Valley

Unincorporated communities 
Arbon
Neeley
Pauline
Roy

Idaho counties
1913 establishments in Idaho
Oil-paper umbrella

The oil-paper umbrella () is a type of paper umbrella from China. It has spread to Japan, Korea, Vietnam, Malaysia, Burma, Thailand and Laos. People in these countries have developed the oil-paper umbrella with different features.

In China and Japan, in addition to use as providing shade, the oil-paper umbrella is used at weddings. In Ryukyu, it is also used at funerals.

Reference 

Chinese culture
Deontological ethics

Deontological ethics is a type of ethics and ethical theories.  It judges actions based on whether they follow certain rules. It is sometimes described as "duty" or "obligation" or "rule" -based ethics, because rules "bind you to your duty". The Ancient Greek word deon is commonly translated as obligation or duty. Deontological ethics is different from consequentialism, which judges actions based on what happens because of them. It is also different from pragmatic ethics.

There are different fields of deontological ethics. Some of them are:
Immanuel Kant treated duty as very important. People call his ethics deontological ethics.
Some people believe that some actions are morally right (or morally wrong), regardless of other things, for example their consequences or the intentions behind them. People call this idea moral absolutism.
The term  divine command theory is used for several ideas that say that an action is right if God says that it is right. William of Ockham, René Descartes and eighteenth-century Calvinists all believed this, according to Ralph Cudworth, because they all stated that moral obligations arise from God's commands.

References

Ethics
Snow skin mooncake

Snow skin mooncake (Also known as Snowy mooncake, Ice skin mooncake or Crystal mooncake) is a Chinese food which is often eaten during the Mid-Autumn Festival. A bakery in Hong Kong created snow skin mooncakes in 1989.

Snow skin mooncake is not baked. Traditional mooncakes are made with egg yolks and lotus seed paste. Therefore, there is a lot of sugar and oil in them.

References 

Chinese food
Cakes
Pragmatic ethics

Pragmatic ethics is a kind of ethics that focuses  on  the development in society: People such as John Dewey believe that the moral progress a society makes is related to the progress and level in science of that society. Scientists look at hypotheses and examine them; they can then act in such a way that they believe these hypotheses to be true. When science advances, future scientists can replace a hypothesis with a better one. 

Ethics
Jon Philp

Jonathan (Jon) Philp (born 1960 in Bangkok) is an Australian diplomat and career officer with the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade. 

On 9 August 2012, Bob Carr announced Philp as the next Australian ambassador to Afghanistan. He presented his credentials to Afghan President Hamid Karzai on 31 January 2013. 

Before he was chosen as ambassador, Philp was the Assistant Secretary, International Organisations Branch and Assistant Secretary, Consular Operations Branch.

He has previously served overseas as Ambassador to Turkey; Deputy Head of Mission in Myanmar and postings to Saudi Arabia, Vientiane, London, Nairobi and Madrid.

Mr Philp holds a Bachelor of Arts (Honours) from the Australian National University. He speaks Arabic and French.

Postings

 1986-1988 - Third Secretary, Australian Embassy in Riyadh
 1992-1995 - Deputy Head of Mission, Australian Embassy in Yangon
 1996-1998 - Director, Southeast Asian Issues
 1999 - Assistance Secretary, Diplomatic Security Branch
 2001-2004 - Ambassador, Australian Embassy in Ankara
 2004-2007 - Head of International Relations, Woodside Petroleum
 2008-2009 - Somalia Taskforce, Nairobi
 2009-2011 - Assistance Secretary, Consular Operations Branch
 2012 - Assistant Secretary, International Organisations Branch
 2013-present - Ambassador, Australian Embassy in Kabul

References

Living people
1960 births
Ambassadors of Australia
People from Bangkok
Centre for Conflict and Peace Studies

The Centre for Conflict and Peace Studies (abbreviated CAPS) is an independent research organization, which started in July 2006. Its office is in Kabul, Afghanistan. This office is a research centre, which means that it is an important place where people can do independent research.
Most of CAPS' research is about governance, security, and developmental challenges (difficulties) in Afghanistan. 

Most research centres in Afghanistan have foreign - non-Afghan - workers, but the people who work at CAPS are from Afghanistan. CAPS is a place where people can discuss ways to change Afghanistan. The workers from CAPS tell other Afghan people about their research. They also discuss their research with people from other countries. When people from other countries come to Afghanistan to work, they can learn how to live in Afghanistan from CAPS.

Other websites
 Official website 

Research organizations in Asia
International relations
2006 establishments in Asia
Politics of Afghanistan
Kabul
Susan Cox

Susan Cox is an Australian diplomat and is a career officer with the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade. 

On 28 September 2012, she was chosen as the new Australian ambassador to Croatia. She gave her credentials to Croatian President Ivo Josipović on 14 December 2012. 

She has previously served as Ambassador to the Federated States of Micronesia, Deputy High Commissioner in Vanuatu, and Australian Vice Consul in New Caledonia.

Previous jobs she held with the department include Director of Passport Communication and Training, Director of the Post Security Taskforce and Director of the Consular Policy and Crisis Management Section.

Cox holds a Bachelor of Arts (Administration) from the University of Canberra. She is currently completing an Executive Masters in Public Administration at the Australia and New Zealand School of Government. She was awarded the Order of Australia Medal for her role in the response to the 2002 Bali bombings.

References

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Ambassadors of Australia
South Jeolla Province

South Jeolla Province, or Jeollanam-do (hangul: 전라남도; hanja: 全羅南道; McCune-Reischauer: Chŏllanam-do; Revised Romanization: Jeollanam-do), is a province in the southwest of South Korea.

The province keeps partnerships with many cities and provinces around the world.

History
The South Jeolla province was formed in 1896 from the southern half of the former Jeolla province, remained a province of Korea until the country's division in 1945, then became part of South Korea.  Gwangju was the capital of the province, until the provincial office moved to the southern village of Namak, Muan County in 2005.

Symbols of the province
The symbols of the province are:
Tree: Ginkgo - 은행나무 (Ginkgo biloba)
Flower: Japanese camellia - 동백나무 (Camellia japonica)
Bird: Oriental Turtle Dove - 멧비둘기 (Streptopelia orientalis)
Fish: Red seabream - 참돔 (Pagrus major)

Geography

The province is part of the Honam region, and is bounded on the west by the Yellow Sea, on the north by Jeollabukdo province, on the south by Jeju Strait, and on the east by Gyeongsangnam-do province

The province has an area of  with a population, as for 2010, of 1,9404,55 and a density of  inhabitants per km².

There are almost 2,000 islands along the coastline, about three quarters of which are uninhabited. The coastline is about  long. Some of the marine products, in particular oyster and seaweed cultivation, are leading in South Korea.

The rivers Somjin, Tamjin and Yeongsam form plains that are very good for growing rice. The largest river is the Yeongsan,  long; it flows to the southwest and forms a estuary in the Yellow Sea at Mokpo.

Climate
In coastal areas, the climate is mild and humid, with annual rainfall of 1,289 mm and average temperatures of . Summer is wet, windy and dry winter. The west side of the Sobaek mountains receives heavy snowfall.

Administrative divisions
Jeollanam-do is divided into 5 cities (si) and 17 counties (gun).  Listed below is the name of each entity in English, hangul, and hanja.

References

Other websites

 Jeollanam-do provincial government English-language home page 
 Office of Tourism of South Jeolla  
 Official Korea Tourism Organization: Jeollanam-do 
 lonely planet: Introducing Jeollanam-do

Provinces of South Korea
Cheka

The Cheka  was the first  Soviet state security organization. It was created on 20 December 1917, after a decree issued by Vladimir Lenin. Its first leader was Polish aristocrat-turned-communist Felix Dzerzhinsky.

History 
By late 1918, hundreds of Cheka committees had been created in the cities. Many thousands of dissidents, deserters, or other people were arrested, tortured or executed by Cheka groups.  After 1922, Cheka groups underwent many reorganizations, as did the NKVD.  

From its start, the Cheka was an important military and security arm of the Bolshevik communist government. In 1921 the troops of the Cheka numbered 200,000. These troops policed and ran the Gulag system; "requisitioned" food; tortured and executed political opponents; put down rebellions and riots by workers or peasants, and mutinies in the desertion-plagued Red Army.

Cheka was succeeded by OGPU in 1922, but its members were still called Chekists.

Name
The full name of the Cheka in 1918 was (in Russian) the "All-Russian Extraordinary Commission for Combating Counter-Revolution, Profiteering and Corruption".

A member of Cheka was called a "chekist" throughout the Soviet period, despite various official name changes. The term is still found in use in Russia today. For example, President Vladimir Putin has been referred to in the Russian media as a "chekist" due to his career in the KGB.

References 

Intelligence agencies
Soviet Union
1917 establishments in Europe
1910s establishments in the Soviet Union
Jorge Pedreros

Pedreros Jorge Arnaldo Aviles (August 8, 1942 – September 14, 2013) was a Chilean musician, record producer, actor, comedian. He is one of the creators of the iconic comedy show Jappening with Ja.

Pedreros was born on August 8, 1942 in Santiago, Chile. He was married to Gladys del Río from 1967 until his death in 2013. Pedreros died on September 14, 2013 from complications of pneumonia, aged 71.

References

Other websites
 

1942 births
2013 deaths
Deaths from pneumonia
Chilean movie actors
Chilean television actors
Musicians
Comedians
People from Santiago
Das Boot

Das Boot (The Boat) is a 1981 German epic war movie directed by Wolfgang Petersen. It stars Jürgen Prochnow, Herbert Grönemeyer, Klaus Wennemann, Jan Fedder and Otto Sander with Günter Lamprecht. It is set in the early 1940s. It is based on the 1973 novel Das Boot.

Overview 
The plotline is the story of a German submarine in WWII in the Battle of the Atlantic. At first the going is easy, and the boat very successful. Gradually it gets more and more difficult are various anti-submarine measures are put in place by the Allies Britain and America. This takes a toll on the morale of the crew and captain.

The movie received many positive reviews from critics including Roger Ebert who gave the movie 4/4 stars. It was based on a book of the same title.

One curious feature of the film was that Columbia Pictures released both a German version and an English-dubbed version in the United States. The film's German version gross taking was much higher than the English-dubbed version at the United States box-office.

Other websites

References 

1981 drama movies
1980s war movies
1980s epic movies
German drama movies
Movies based on books
Movies directed by Wolfgang Petersen
Movies with underwater settings
Movies set in the 1940s
World War II movies
Kigurumi

In Japanese, a kigurumi () is a costumed performer who represents a cartoon character. It is very important in the Harajuku fashion. The name literally translates to "wearing a soft toy". Kigurumi come in cute characters such as Totoro, Hello Kitty and Pikachu. They are considered cute. The costumed characters at Disneyland are considered kigurami.

Entertainment
Hiiu County

Hiiu County () is one of the 15 counties of Estonia. It is the smallest county both in terms of area and population. It is made up of Hiiumaa, the second-largest island of Estonia, and several smaller islands near it.

Municipalities 
The county has 1 rural municipality - Hiiumaa Parish. The only urban settlement, Kärdla, is part of the parish since 2017.

References

Other websites 
 Hiiumaa.ee – Hiiumaa portal
 Hiiumaa County Government  – Official website (in Estonian)
Harju County

Harju County () is one of the 15 counties of Estonia. It is in northern Estonia. Around 528,468 people live in Harju County. This is about 39.4% of the total population in Estonia (as of January 2011). 

There are a number of protected areas in Harju County. Lahemaa National Park was the first national park in the Soviet Union. There are 21 nature reserves and 25 landscape protection areas, that are at least partly in Harju County. The largest is the Põhja-Kõrvemaa Nature Reserve.

Municipalities 
Harju County is divided into 16 municipalities. Four are urban and 12 are rural.

References

Other websites 
 Harju County Government  – Official website (in Estonian)
Rapla County

Rapla County (), or Raplamaa, is one of the 15 counties of Estonia. It is located west of the country. 36,678 people live in Rapla County. This is 2.7% of the total population in Estonia (as of January 2009).

History 
The first written records of Rapla date back to the 1241 Danish census (Liber Census Daniae).

County government 
The county government () is led by a governor (). The governor is appointed by the Government of Estonia for a term of five years.

Municipalities 
The county is divided into municipalities. There are 4 rural municipalities in Rapla County:

Geography 
Natural resources in Rapla county include limestone, dolomite, peat, and clay.

Gallery

References

Other websites
County Government Official website

Counties of Estonia
Jean Dunn

Jean Dunn is an Australian diplomat and a senior career officer with the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade.

On 8 December 2011, Australian Foreign Minister Kevin Rudd said that Dunn would be the next Ambassador to Poland. Dunn gave her credentials to Polish President Bronisław Komorowski on 17 January 2012.

Before this, Dunn was Australian Ambassador to Lebanon from 2009 to 2010 and to Turkey from 2004 to 2007. She had earlier jobs with the department in South Korea and the United States.

Dunn holds a Bachelor of Arts degree with Honours in Japanese language and politics from Monash University. She has three children.

References

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Ambassadors of Australia
Agnes Monica

Agnes Monica Muljoto (born 1 July 1986) is an Indonesian pop singer, songwriter, actress, dancer. She began her career in singing at the age of six. In addition to singing, she also became a presenter on a children's television show. When she was a teenager, Agnes started working as an actor. Her appearance on the soap opera Pernikahan Dini (2001) made her famous. Agnes then starred in a series of soap operas that made her the highest-paid teenage artist in Indonesia at that time.

Discography 
Studio albums
 Si Meong (1992)
 Yess! (1995)
 Bala-Bala (1996)
 And the Story Goes (2003)
 Whaddup A'..?! (2005)
 Sacredly Agnezious (2009)
 Agnez Mo (album) (2013, in English)

Extended plays
 Nez (2008)

Compilation albums
 Agnes Is My Name (2011)

Other websites 
 Official website

1986 births
Living people
Pop musicians
R&B musicians
Indonesian singers
Patricia Holmes

Patricia Ann Holmes is an Australian diplomat and is a senior career officer with the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade.

On 13 September 2011, Acting Foreign Minister Craig Emerson said that he had appointed Holmes as Australia's new Ambassador to Argentina; with concurrent non-resident accreditation to Paraguay and Uruguay. She gave her credentials to President of Argentina Cristina Fernández de Kirchner on 10 April 2012. 

Before this, Holmes was Assistant Secretary of the department's Legal Counsel Branch. She had held this job since April 2010. Holmes has served previously in Geneva WTO (Counsellor 2006-2009), Papua New Guinea (First Secretary 1998-2000) and Vanuatu (Third, later Second, Secretary 1994-1996).

Holmes holds a Bachelor of Science with a Bachelor of Law degree from Macquarie University; a Graduate Diploma in Legal Studies from the University of Technology, Sydney; a Masters of Arts in Foreign Affairs and Trade and a Masters of Laws in Environmental Law from the Australian National University. Holmes was admitted to the Bar of New South Wales and the Australian Capital Territory in 1992. She can speak Spanish. She has a partner and three children.

References

Other websites

Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Ambassadors of Australia
Libation

A libation is a ritual sacrifice of a liquid. Usually, this was done by pouring the liquid over a sacred object.

Death customs
Worship
Quantum foam

Quantum foam (or space time foam) is a concept in quantum mechanics. It was created by John Wheeler in 1955. The foam is supposed to be thought of as the foundation of the things that make up the universe.

References

Quantum mechanics
Virtual learning environment

A virtual learning environment (VLE) is a kind of e-learning system placed on a website. It gives learners online access to tools and information to help them with learning something.

Common tools offered on a VLE are: online quizzes, email, discussion forums and student blogs. Common information shared with learners via a VLE is: worksheets, lesson plans, homework, grades, assignments and deadlines.

Combining the use of a VLE and normal classes is often called blended learning.

Some well-known VLEs are Moodle, WebCT and BlackBoard, but many others exist.

Learning
Technology
Semper Fidelis

"Semper Fidelis" is the official march of the United States Marine Corps. It was written by John Philip Sousa in 1888. The words Semper Fidelis mean "Always Faithful" in Latin.

Sousa became conductor of the United States Marine Corps band in 1880. He had some success with his earliest works like "The Gladiator" (1886), but his first big hit with the public was "Semper Fidelis". 

This march is sometimes thought to be the prototype for American marches. Until "Semper Fidelis", American marches had taken European marches as their models. It was "the first musical composition to receive the official recognition of the United States government." "Semper Fidelis" is the only march authorized for a service by Congress. The USMC uses it for the Pass in Review during Change of Command Ceremonies, as well as Public Parades. It was played along the parade route for Bill Clinton's second inauguration. The march has an AaBbCcDd form. Its meter is 6/8. Other marches by Sousa are "The Stars and Stripes Forever" and "The Washington Post".

Notes

References 
 Simmons, Edwin H. 1974. The United States Marines: A History. Naval Institute Press. 
 Woodstra, Christopher, et. al. 2000. All Music Guide to Classical Music Backbeat Books.

Semper Fidelis
Semper Fidelis
Semper Fidelis
Semper Fidelis
Barclays Center

Barclays Center is an indoor arena in Brooklyn, New York. It is about  east of downtown New York City. The arena is the home court for the Brooklyn Nets of the National Basketball Association (NBA) and the arena for the New York Islanders of the National Hockey League (NHL). The arena was opened on September 21, 2012. The arena cost more than US$1 billion to build.

The first basketball game that was played there was an NBA preseason game between the Nets and the Washington Wizards on October 15, 2012.

On October 24, 2012, the New York Islanders announced that they signed a 25-year deal with the arena and would be moving to the Barclays Center in 2015 after their lease of the Nassau Veterans Memorial Coliseum ends. They played their first preseason game against the New Jersey Devils in a 3–0 loss. The first regular season NHL game was played on October 9, 2015 against the 2015 Stanley Cup champion Chicago Blackhawks. The Islanders lost 3–2 in overtime.

The arena was host to the WWE's TLC: Tables, Ladders & Chairs pay-per-view event in 2012. In 2015, it hosted NXT TakeOver: Brooklyn and SummerSlam. On September 28, 2015, WWE announced that their SummerSlam event would return to the Barclays Center in 2016 and 2017.

References

Other websites
 Barclays Center, official website

Sports buildings in New York City
Brooklyn
2012 establishments in the United States
2010s establishments in New York (state)
Meerut

Meerut (, ) is a city in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It is an ancient city. Settlements dating back to the Indus Valley civilization have been found in the area. The city is located  northeast of the national capital, New Delhi. It is the 25th largest city in India.

References

Cities and towns in Uttar Pradesh
John Philip Sousa

John Philip Sousa (November 6, 1854 – March 6, 1932) was an American musician and composer. He was born in Washington, DC. His father was of Portuguese ancestry and his mother of Bavarian. In 1880, he was appointed conductor of the United States Marine Corps band. He wrote military marches and other patriotic music. His best known works are "Semper Fidelis" (the Official United States Marine Corps march), "The Stars and Stripes Forever" (the National March of the United States of America), and "The Washington Post". Sousa died of heart failure in Reading, Pennsylvania. He is buried in the Congressional Cemetery in Washington, DC.

1854 births
1932 deaths
20th-century American composers
American conductors
Musicians from Washington, D.C.
United States Marine Corps personnel
The Stars and Stripes Forever

"The Stars and Stripes Forever" is a march by John Philip Sousa written in 1896. It is the National March of the United States.

19th-century American songs
American marches
Compositions by John Philip Sousa
The Washington Post (march)

"The Washington Post" is a march by John Philip Sousa written in 1889. He wrote it for the American newspaper, The Washington Post. The firm was giving awards for an essay contest and wanted music for the ceremonies.

19th-century American songs
American marches
Compositions by John Philip Sousa
Lesse

The Lesse (Walloon: Aiwe di Lesse) is a river in the Ardennes, in the Walloon region of Belgium. It is a right tributary to the river Meuse.

Geography

The Lesse is  long. It flows roughly in a northwestern direction. Its source is near Libramont-Chevigny, in the Belgian province of Luxembourg. The mean discharge for Anseremme between 1995 and 2004 was 19.0 m3.

The watershed of the Lesse Basin, with an area of , has about . With only 62,500 people living there, it is the least densely populated of all small watersheds of Walloon region.

Part of the watershed of the Lesse is on limestone where there are some karstic phenomena. Near Han-sur-Lesse (commune of Rochefort), by the Gouffre de Belvaux, the entire river goes underground, flowing through limestone caves.

The Lesse flows into the river Meuse in the town of Anseremme, commune of Dinant, Namur province.

Tributaries
From its source to its mouth, the main tributaries of the Lesse are:
 Our, left tributary; it joins the Lesse near Redu.
 Almache, left tributary; it joins the Lesse in Daverdisse.
 Lomme, right tributary; it joins the Lesse in Éprave.
 Wimbe, left tributary; it joins the Lesse in Villers-sur-Lesse.
 Vachaux, right tributary; it joins the Lesse in Ciergnon.
 Biran, left tributary; it joins the Lesse in Wanlin.
 Hileau, left tributary; it joins the Lesse in Houyet.
 Iwoigne, left tributary; it joins the Lesse near Houyet.

Atractions
The valley of the Lesse and this part of the Ardennes are covered with forests. The area surrounding the caves is the National Park Lesse et Lomme. On the mountains along the lower part of the river there are several castles. The route of the former railway line from Houyet to Rochefort is used as a hiking and cycling trail.

Many of the caves along the banks of the Lesse are important archaeological sites - these include the Trou de Chaleux (by the Cirque de Chaleux), and the Trou des Nutons and Trou du Frontal at Furfooz.

It is possible to go down the Lesse in kayak or canoe from Houyet to Anseremme.

References

Other websites

 Val de Lesse 
 Contrat de rivière de la Lesse 

Rivers of Belgium
Wallonia
Luxembourg (Belgium)
Namur (province)
Melanie Klein

Melanie Klein (1882–1960) was a British psychoanalyst. She was notable for her contributions to object relations theory.  Klein's theories and those of the other British object relations theorists had a major impact on John Bowlby's attachment theory.

1882 births
1960 deaths
Psychoanalysts
British scientists
Hawaiian religion

The Hawaiian religion is a religion. It includes the folk religious beliefs and practises of the Hawaiian people. It started amongst the Tahitians and other Pacific islanders who landed in Hawaii between 500 and 1300 AD. Today, Hawaiian religious practices are protected by law.

Hawaiian religion is animistic. It is based on a belief that spirits are found in non-human beings and objects such as animals, the waves, and the sky.

Hawaiian mythology includes the creation stories and legends about the gods. There are several gods in Hawaiian religion and mythology. The four most important deities are Kāne, Kū, Lono and Kanaloa. The figures in Hawaiian religion consists of several groups. One way of dividing these groups is:
the four gods (ka hā) – Kū, Kāne, Lono, Kanaloa
the forty male gods or aspects of Kāne (ke kanahā)
the four Hundred gods and goddesses (ka lau)
the great Multitude of gods and goddesses (ke kini akua)
the spirits (na unihipili)
the guardians (na aumākua)

Another way of dividing them is into three major groups:
the four gods, or akua: Kū, Kāne, Lono, Kanaloa
many lesser gods, or kupua, each associated with certain professions
family gods, aumakua, associated with particular families

References

Religion
Religions
Religion in the United States
Chaplin (movie)

Chaplin is a 1992 American biographical comedy-drama movie. It is about the life of British comedian Charlie Chaplin. It was directed by Richard Attenborough. It stars Robert Downey, Jr., Moira Kelly, Dan Aykroyd, Geraldine Chaplin, Penelope Ann Miller, Anthony Hopkins, James Woods, and Kevin Kline. It's soundtrack was composed by John Barry. It was released on December 25, 1992 to mixed reviews.

Other websites 

1992 comedy-drama movies
1990s biographical movies
American biographical movies
American comedy-drama movies
Movies composed by John Barry
Movies directed by Richard Attenborough
Movies set in London
Movies set in the 1900s
Movies set in the 1910s
Movies set in the 1920s
Movies set in the 1930s
Movies set in the 1940s
Movies set in the 1950s
Movies set in the 1960s
Movies set in the 1970s
Swiss culture
Taps

"Taps" is a song. It is used as the final bugle call of the day ("lights out") and at solemn ceremonies such as military funerals. It was written in 1862 by General Daniel Butterfield, commander of a Union brigade camped in Virginia. "Extinguish Lights" was the original title. The words of the song (Day is done; Gone the sun) were written at later date. When or why "Taps" replaced the original title is unknown. The meaning of "Taps" is also unknown, but may refer to the sound of a muffled drum beat.

Taps
Stock footage

Stock footage (also called  archive footage, library pictures, and file footage) is movie or video footage that can be used in other movies. This type of footage is not made by the person who makes the movie. Instead, the footage has already been shot by another person and is being used by the person who is making the movie. People who make movies use stock footage because it's less expensive to use stock footage than it is to shoot new footage. A piece of stock footage is called a "stock shot" or a "library shot". Examples of stock footage that might be used include video of cities and landmarks, animals in their habitats, and historical footage. Many websites such as YouTube allow people to view or download stock footage.

References

Movie terminology
Children's Corner

Children's Corner is a set of six piano pieces by Claude Debussy. It was published in 1908. The six pieces are: "Doctor Gradus ad Parnassum"; "Jimbo's Lullaby"; "Serenade of the Doll"; "The Snow is Falling"; "The Little Shepherd"; and "Golliwog's Cakewalk". The group is meant to suggest childhood. Some of the pieces were inspired by his daughter's toys. 

Compositions by Claude Debussy
Solo piano pieces
The Afternoon of a Faun

Prelude to the Afternoon of a Faun () is a work for orchestra by Claude Debussy. It was inspired by a poem by Stéphane Mallarme. It was first performed on 22 December 1894 in Paris. The music was used for a ballet in 1912 designed by Vaslav Nijinsky.

Afternoon of a Faun
Afternoon of a Faun
Sylvia (ballet)

Sylvia is a ballet. It was first performed in Paris in 1876. The dances were designed by Louis Mérante. The music was written by Léo Delibes. The ballet has a mythological setting. One of the best known musical numbers from the ballet is the "Pizzicato".

Ballets
Compositions by Léo Delibes
La Source

La Source () is a three-act ballet. The dances were designed by Arthur Saint-Léon. The story of the ballet was written by Saint-Léon and Charles Nuitter. The music was written by Ludwig Minkus and Léo Delibes. The ballet was first performed in Paris in 1866. A well known piece from the ballet score is the "Naïla Waltz".

 

Source, La
Source, La
Eureka, California

Eureka is a small city of California in the United States, and the county seat of Humboldt County. In 2010, 27,217 people lived there. It is  north of San Francisco.

Climate 
Eureka has a very mild temperate climate with only very small temperature fluctuations between summer and winter. This is due to the cool California Current, whose water temperature is between  and  all year round. Under the Köppen climate classification, Eureka has a cool-summer Mediterranean climate (Csb), due to the low rainfall during summer.  

The average summer temperatures in Eureka are much cooler than in New York City and Istanbul, which are on the same latitude. Summer temperatures are unusually cool for the 40th latitude, and are similar to those of southern Alaska, Scotland, Northern Ireland and Tierra del Fuego in the extreme south of Chile and Argentina, which are far north and south of the 50th latitude. The average winter temperatures are also much milder than in New York and Istanbul, and in contrast to these two cities, frost and snow do not occur every year. Snow is particularly rare and falls at most once or twice a decade.

Notes

References 

Settlements in Humboldt County, California
Cities in California
County seats in California
A German Requiem

A German Requiem is a musical work for soprano and baritone soloists, choir and orchestra. It was written by Johannes Brahms. It was first performed in Leipzig, Germany in February 1869.

Compositions by Johannes Brahms
The Pearl Fishers

The Pearl Fishers is an opera by Georges Bizet. The libretto was written by Eugène Cormon and Michel Carré. It was first performed in Paris on 30 September 1863. The opera is set in ancient Ceylon, which is now called Sri Lanka. It tells the story of two men who are best friends, but love the same woman, who is a priestess. It was generally disliked at the time, especially by the newspapers. After his death, it has been more popular and is now regularly played across the world.

Compositions by Georges Bizet
Operas
Jeux d'enfants

Jeux d'enfants () is a set of 12 piano duets by Georges Bizet. The set was published in 1871. The pieces describe children's toys and games. The set was later orchestrated. George Balanchine made two ballets based on the music. He used the whole set for a ballet in 1955. He used a few pieces for The Steadfast Tin Soldier in 1975.

Solo piano pieces
Compositions by Georges Bizet
Les Troyens

Les Troyens is an opera by Hector Berlioz. Berlioz wrote the words and music between 1856 and 1858. The opera is based on Virgil's Aeneid. It took many years for the opera to be performed. It was very long. Berlioz cut the opera to the last three acts. They were performed in Paris in November 1863.

Compositions by Hector Berlioz
Operas
Bluebeard's Castle

Bluebeard's Castle is a one-act opera by Béla Bartók. The words are written in Hungarian. The opera is based on the 1697 French fairy tale "Bluebeard" by Charles Perrault. There are only two characters in the opera: Bluebeard and his wife Judith. The opera was written in 1911. It was first performed in Budapest in 1918. 

1910s operas
Compositions by Béla Bartók
1911 works
Twerking

Twerking is a dance style. The dancer (usually a female) shakes and bounces (jiggles) her buttocks in a sexually provocative manner while in a low squatting posture. Oxford Dictionaries defines 'twerking' as a verb: "dance to popular music in a sexually provocative manner involving thrusting hip movements and a low, squatting stance". Twerking drew a lot of attention in the United States when Miley Cyrus did a twerking dance on nationwide television during the MTV Video Music Awards program in August 2013.

References

Dances
Mamungkukumpurangkuntjunya Hill

Mamungkukumpurangkuntjunya Hill is a hill in South Australia. It is in the Everard Ranges, about 22 km south-west of Mimili. The name consists of several Pitjantjatjara words made into one. It roughly means "where a devil urinates" (a  is a bad spirit). It is the longest place name in Australia.

References

Other websites
Mamungkukumpurangkuntjunya Hill on Google Maps

Geography of South Australia
Hills
Pitjantjatjara
Church of Anthrax

Church of Anthrax is studio album by multi-instrumentalist John Cale and minimalist composer Terry Riley. It was released in February 1971 on Columbia Records label.

Track listing 
"Church of Anthrax"  (9:05)
"The Hall of Mirrors in the Palace at Versailles"  (7:59)
"The Soul of Patrick Lee"  (2:49)
"Ides of March"  (11:03)
"The Protege"  (2:52)

Personnel 
 John Cale – keyboards, bass guitar, harpsichord, piano, guitar, viola, organ
 Terry Riley – piano, organ, soprano saxophone
 Adam Miller – vocals on "The Soul of Patrick Lee"
 Bobby Colomby – drums
 Bobby Gregg – drums

References

John Cale albums
1971 albums
Bayraklı

Bayraklı is a district of Izmir Province of Turkey. It is one of the metropolitan districts of Izmir. Bayraklı was turned into a district by a decree of the Government of Turkey on 6 March 2008. Before the date it was part of Karşıyaka.

2008 establishments in Asia
Districts of Turkey
Chub (gay)

Chub is gay slang for a hugely overweight gay man. Chubs have their own social clubs. They have their own beauty pageants and other fun things to do. Smaller men who are attracted to chubs are called "chasers", "chub chasers" or "chubby chasers".

Gay slang
Agror

Agror is a valley in northern Pakistan. It is in Oghi Tehsil, Mansehra District, Hazara, in the province of Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa. It consists of three mountain glens,  long and  wide. The lower parts of the Agror valley contains many farms, villages and hamlets.

The main tribes and ethnic groups are the Hindko and Pashto-speaking tribes. These include the Swatis, the Gurjars, Awans and Tanolis.

History 
During the 17th century, the valley was ruled by a famous tribal leader of the Swatis. His title was the Khan of Agror. His real name was Akund Saad-ud-din. He was a mullah or petty Muslim religious scholar, who obtained power over the local people of the Agror valley. In time, he established himself as the local 'Khan' or chieftain and controlled the whole valley. His capital was at Oghi town.

In 1888, during the period of the British Empire, the Khan's descendant, Ali Gohar, was removed from power. The title and estate were formally abolished. However, the Akund's descendants still use this courtesy title.

References

Valleys of Pakistan
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Henry Lau

Henry Lau (born October 11, 1989) also simply known as Henry, is a Canadian singer-songwriter. He works in Korean pop music. He can speak English, Mandarin and Korean very well, along with Cantonese, and a little bit of Japanese and Thai. He learned French in school. Henry released his first single in June 2013, which was called "Trap".

Biography

Youth
Lau's father was born in Hong Kong, and his mother was born in Taiwan. He lived in Willowdale, Toronto as a child.

2007–2009: Debut
Lau appeared as a violinist in South Korean group Super Junior's music video, for their lead single, "Don't Don", which was also the title of their album, released in September 2007.

In October 2007, S.M. Entertainment announced that Han Geng, a member of Super-Junior and Lau were chosen to form a sub-group of Super Junior, called Super Junior-M.

2013–current: Return to Super Junior-M and solo debut
Lau featured in Girls' Generation performance of "Romantic Fantasy" on MBC's Music Core. He performed "I Am" by Yoon Mi-rae with Yuri and Hyoyeon on January 1, 2013.

Super Junior-M's comeback in June 2013, with their second album, Break Down, was released on January 7, 2013, along with the single, which has the same name. The Korean version was released on January 31, 2013.

On February 6, 2013 Lau was announced to be a contestant in the celebrity version of MasterChef Korea, airing on Olive TV.

On June 7, Lau released his debut single "Trap", along with the music video of it.

Discography
EP's
Trap (2013)

Digital albums
1-4-3 (I Love You) (2013)

References

1989 births
Living people
Singers from Toronto
K-pop singers
Flight of the Bumble Bee

"Flight of the Bumble Bee" is a musical composition by Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov for solo violin and orchestra. It was written as an interlude for his opera, The Tale of Tsar Saltan (1899-1900). The music depicts the buzzing of a bumble bee in its flight. It is a popular piece, especially with children, and is often played outside the opera as a concert piece.

Compositions by Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov 
Orchestral works
Scheherazade (Rimsky-Korsakov)

Scheherazade is a piece of music by Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov. It was written for orchestra in 1888. The music was inspired by the Arabian Nights stories. There are four movements: "Sinbad the Sailor"; "The Kalendar Prince"; "The Young Prince and the Young Princess"; and "Festival at Baghdad". Fokine designed a ballet in 1910 for the Ballets Russes using the music. 

Compositions by Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov 
Orchestral works
Viqueque Municipality

Viqueque (Tetum: Vikeke) is the largest of the municipalities of East Timor. The name comes from the ancient name "We Keke"; We means "water" and Keke "bracelet".

Geography

Viqueque is on the south coast of Timor, on the Timor Sea. It has an area of .

It borders the municipalities Baucau to the north, Lautém to the east, and Manatuto to the west. 

The capital of the municipality has the same name: Viqueque.

There are five administrative posts: Lacluta, Ossu, Uato-Lari (which was known in Portuguese Timor as Leça, and, in Tetum, is spelled Watulari), Uato Carabau (spelled Watucarbau in Tetum), and Viqueque.

Among the rivers that flow through Viqueque and into the Timor Sea are: Nunuc, Tuco, Cuha, Bularan, Benaro, Beaco and Weburak in the administrative post Viqueque; Lugassa on the border with Uato -Lari; Saqueto, Bebui, Borouai and Oiqui in the Uato-Lari administrative post; and Molaiuai and Uaidori in the Uatucarbau administrative post.

The Ossu administrative post is surrounded by several mountains: Monte Mundo Perdido in the west, the Builo in the south, the Matebian massif to the east and Fatu Laritame in the north. In Monte Mundo Perdido,  are protected for hunting and for the protection of birds as Important Bird Area. Here, there are many endemic species, including many rare orchids.

Population
The municipality of Viqueque had a population of 73,581 in 2011. Its density is  inhabitants per km².

Viqueque is a homeland of the Malayo-Polynesian language Tetum. In East Timor it is co-official with Portuguese. In the east part of the municipality live speakers of the Papuan language Makasae.

References

Other websites

 Ministry of State Administration
 Viqueque District Development Plan 2002/2003 

Municipalities of East Timor
Theo Peckham

Theo "Teddy" Peckham (born November 10, 1987 in Richmond Hill, Ontario) is a Canadian professional ice hockey defenceman currently playing for the Saugeen Shores Winterhawks.

Career
He started his hockey career with the North York Rangers of the Ontario Junior Hockey League and played a season with them. He then moved on to play for the Owen Sound Attack of the Ontario Hockey League for three seasons. He was drafted by the Edmonton Oilers with the 75th overall pick in the 2006 NHL Entry Draft. He debuted for the Oilers during a March 7, 2008 game against the Columbus Blue Jackets and scored his first goal during a November 11, 2010 game against the Detroit Red Wings.

On July 19, 2013, he was signed as a free agent to a one-year contract by the Chicago Blackhawks.

References

Other websites 

American Hockey League players
Canadian ice hockey defencemen
Chicago Blackhawks players
Edmonton Oilers players
Ice hockey people from Ontario
Living people
1987 births
ECHL players
Ontario Hockey League players
William Tell Overture

The "William Tell Overture" is a piece of music by Gioachino  Rossini. He wrote it for his opera, William Tell. The opera was first performed in 1829. 

The overture has four sections: 
 Dawn; 
 Storm; 
 Call to the Cows; often used in animated cartoons to signify daybreak
 March of the Swiss Soldiers; famous for being the theme music for the The Lone Ranger. 

Compositions by Gioachino Rossini
Overtures
Cinderella (opera)

Cinderella () is an opera by Gioachino  Rossini. It was first performed in Rome in January 1817. It is based on the 1697 fairy tale, "Cinderella" by Charles Perrault. The opera's title character is a coloratura mezzo-soprano. The overture has long been a favorite in the concert hall. 

Compositions by Gioachino Rossini
Operas
Valse triste

Valse triste () is a piece of music for orchestra by Jean Sibelius. It was written in 1903 for a play. It was performed in concert halls and has become famous.

Compositions by Jean Sibelius
Waltzes
Violin Concerto (Sibelius)

The Violin Concerto in D minor, Op. 47 is a piece of music for solo violin and orchestra. It was written by Jean Sibelius in 1904. It has three movements: Allegro moderato in D minor (2/2 time); Adagio di molto in B-flat major (4/4 time); and Allegro, ma non tanto in D major (3/4 time). It is the only concerto Sibelius wrote. It is considered one of the great violin concertos. 

Compositions by Jean Sibelius
Violin concertos
Mike Kostka

Mike Kostka (born November 28, 1985 in Ajax, Ontario) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey defenceman. He currently plays for the New York Rangers of the NHL. He has also played for the Toronto Maple Leafs, Chicago Blackhawks, and Tampa Bay Lightning.

Career
He started his hockey career with the Ajax-Pickering Raiders of the Eastern AAA Hockey League. He played 2 seasons with them and then moved on to play in the Ontario Provincial Junior Hockey League for the Ajax Axemen for 2 seasons and the Aurora Tigers for 1 season. He went on to play in college for the University of Massachusetts Amherst where he played 4 years for the Minutemen.

He went undrafted but was signed to a professional contract by the Buffalo Sabres of the National Hockey League on March 25, 2008. He spent 1 season with the Sabres' AHL, the Rochester Americans and then two seasons with the new affiliate, the Portland Pirates. He returned to the Rochester Americans for the 2010–11 AHL season. He then signed a contract with Rochester's then-affiliate, Florida Panthers. The Panthers traded Kostka along with Evan Oberg, to the Tampa Bay Lightning for James Wright and Mike Vernace. He played for the Norfolk Admirals and helped them win the Calder Cup during the 2011–12 AHL playoffs. He was then signed as a free agent by the Toronto Maple Leafs to a one-year contract. He got his first NHL point during his debut NHL game against the Montreal Canadiens on January 19, 2013.

On July 19, 2013, He signed as a free agent with the defending champions, the Chicago Blackhawks to a one-year, two way contract.

On February 23, 2014, Kostka was claimed off waivers by the Tampa Bay Lightning.

On June 28, 2014, Kostka was signed as a free agent by the New York Rangers to a one-year contract.

References

Other websites 

1985 births
American Hockey League players
Canadian ice hockey defencemen
Chicago Blackhawks players
Ice hockey people from Ontario
Living people
New York Rangers players
Tampa Bay Lightning players
Toronto Maple Leafs players
Fifty Shades of Grey (movie)

Fifty Shades of Grey is a 2015 American erotic romance-drama movie set in Washington (U.S. state). At first it was scheduled for an August 2014 release in the United States. In November 2013 the release date was changed to February 13, 2015. The story is about BDSM, sexual relations, seduction and romance. An MPAA rating has not been decided, but the screenwriter, Kelly Marcel, has hinted at the possibility of this movie being marked NC-17.  It is based on the best-selling novel of the same name by E.L. James. The director is Sam Taylor-Wood. Dakota Johnson plays Anastasia Steele and Jamie Dornan plays Christian Grey.

The casting of the film upset many fans of the novel. An internet petition was made to get Alexis Bledel to replace Johnson and Matt Bomer replace Charlie Hunnam. It did not work. 
 
Filming began on December 1, 2013.

The movie was released on February 13, 2015.

References

Other websites 

2015 romance movies
2015 drama movies
2010s romantic drama movies
American romantic drama movies
BDSM in movies
Controversies
English-language movies
Movies based on books
Movies set in Washington (U.S. state)
Juan dela Cruz

Juan dela Cruz is the national personification of the Philippines. He is often used to represent the common "Filipino". He is usually shown wearing the native salakot hat, Barong Tagalog, long pants, and tsinelas ().

Usage 
Activists often portray Juan dela Cruz as a victim of American imperialism. During the American period he is often shown with Uncle Sam in  many editorial cartoons. of the  often depicted him alongside Uncle Sam. In modern times, he is used to show the opinion and feelings of Filipino about their government and society.

The term, sometimes shortened to "Juan", also refers to the whole Filipino people.

Juan dela Cruz is the Spanish for "John of the Cross". The name is often used to refer to a anonymous Filipino,  like how John Doe is used to refer Americans. For females the term  María dela Cruz is used instead.

References 

National personifications
Philippines