cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Dolly Parton

Dolly Rebecca Parton (born January 19, 1946) is an American, Grammy Award-winning country music singer/songwriter, composer, author, and actress. She has become one of the most successful female country artists in history, with 25 number-one singles (a record for a female country artist) and 41 top-10 country albums (a record for any country artist).  She is known for her top-three single "Here You Come Again" and the number-one hits "9 to 5" and "Islands in the Stream" (a duet with singer Kenny Rogers).

Her 1967 song "Dumb Blonde" was heard by country singer Porter Wagoner, and he asked Parton to be a part of his television show. Her single "Jolene" reached number one in 1974, becoming a solo artist, though still performed and recorded with Wagoner.

In the fifty-four years since her debut, Parton has become one of the most famous country artists in the world.

Parton is the godmother of singer and actress Miley Cyrus.

Discography

Singles

"I Will Always Love You" (1974)
"Tennessee Homesick Blues" (1984)
"Yellow Roses" (1989)
"Why'd You Come in Here Lookin' Like That" (1998)

As featured artist

"Baby, It's Cold Outside"  (2004)

Related pages
List of country musicians from Tennessee

References

Other websites 
Dolly Parton Music (official music site) 

1946 births
Living people
Actors from Tennessee
American movie actors
American singer-songwriters
American country singers
Grammy Award winners
Singers from Tennessee
Vince Gill

Vincent Grant "Vince" Gill (born April 12, 1957) is an American country music singer-songwriter and multi-instrumentalist.

Discography

Singles

"Don't Let Our Love Start Slippin' Away" (1992)
"What the Cowgirls Do" (1994)

On music charts

AReached #1 on U.S. Radio & Records country singles charts.
B"I Still Believe In You" also peaked at #30 on the Hot Adult Contemporary Tracks chart.
CAlbum cut.
DFailed to chart.

Studio albums
Turn Me Loose (1983) and (1994)
The Things That Matter (1985)
The Way Back Home (1987)
When I Call Your Name (1989)
I Never Knew Lonely (1990)
Pocket Full of Gold (1991)
I Still Believe in You (1992)
Let There Be Peace on Earth [1993] and (1999)
When Love Finds You (1994)
Souvenirs (1995)
Super Hits (1996)
High Lonesome Sound (1996) und (1997)
Vintage Gill (1997)
The Key (1998)
If You Ever Have Forever In Mind (1998)
Vince Gill & Friends (1998)
Let's Make Sure We Kiss Goodbye (2000)
My Country Valentine (2000)
The Things That Matter (re-release) (2000)
Tis The Season with Olivia Newton-JohnHallmark Stores (2001)
Next Big Thing (2003)
The Notorious Cherry Bombs (2004)
Vintage Gill (2004)
All American Country (2004)
High Lonesome Sound (re-release) (2004)
Rock of Ages...Hymns & Faith with Amy Grant (2005)
These Days (2006)
"Oklahoma Risin'" Oklahoma Centinenal Song (2006)

Best of
The Best of Vince Gill (1989)
The Essential Vince Gill (1995) und (1996)
Platinum & Gold Collection (2003)

Christmas collections
Let There Be Peace On Earth - (1996) song from The Dillard's Christmas Collection 1996
Wrangler Cowboy Christmas (Volume VI) (1998) with Reba McEntire and Trisha Yearwood
Hallmark Presents The Spirit of Christmas (2001) with Amy Grant and London Symphony Orchestra
Breath Of Heaven: A Christmas Collection (2002)
Christmas Collection (2006)
Christmas Collection (?) with Barry Manilow and Diana Ross and The Supremes
Country Christmas (?) with Alan Jackson and Trisha Yearwood
Classic Country Christmas Volume Three (?) with Reba McEntire and Alabama

Compilations
Dark as a Dungeon (2002) song with The Chieftains on the album Down the Old Plank Road: The Nashville Sessions 
Once In A While - (2001) song from the Soundtrack to The Prince of Egypt (Nashville)
Did you hear what I hear - (1995) song from The Stars Come Out At Christmas
I Can't Tell You Why - (?) song from Common Thread: The Songs of The Eagles
(Maverick) Ophelia - (?) song from Hollywood Soundtracks (Blockbuster Exclusive)
House Of Love - (2001) song from Friends for Life - Men and Women United in Harmony
Let's Heal with Altan- (2005) song from Hands Across the Water - A Benefit for the Children of the Tsunami

Related pages
List of country musicians from Oklahoma

Other websites
Official Vince Gill UMG Nashville Artist Page
Vince Gill.com

Country musicians
Singers from Oklahoma
American songwriters
American guitarists
Grammy Award winners
Musicians from Oklahoma
1957 births
Living people
People from Norman, Oklahoma
1259



Events

Europe 
 The Oxford Parliament, led by Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester, leads to the acceptance by King Henry III of England of the Provisions of Oxford.
 September – The Empire of Nicaea defeats the Principality of Achaea at the Battle of Pelagonia, ensuring the eventual reconquest of Constantinople in 1261.
 December 4 – The kings Louis IX of France and Henry III of England agree to the Treaty of Paris, in which Henry renounces his claims to French-controlled territory on continental Europe (including Normandy) in exchange for Louis withdrawing his support for English rebels.
 The famous frescoes of the Boyana Church in Bulgaria are completed (the church and its murals are now a UNESCO World Heritage Site).
 The German cities of Lübeck, Wismar, and Rostock enter into a pact to defend against pirates of the Baltic Sea, laying the groundwork for the Hanseatic League.
 Nogai Khan leads the second Mongol Golden Horde attack against Lithuania and Poland.

Asia 
 August 11 – While conducting a siege against the Song Dynasty city known as Fishing Town in the province of Chongqing, China, the Mongol Khagan, Mongke Khan dies in the nearby hills. Persian, Chinese, and Mongol records have different accounts of how he died, including succumbing to an arrow wound received by a Chinese archer in the siege, dysentery, and even cholera epidemic. His death sparks a succession crisis in the Mongol Empire, while his brothers Ariq Böke and Kublai soon convene their own kuriltai to elect themselves as the next Khan of Khans, opening the path to a four year long civil war from 1260 to 1264. In the end, Ariq Böke surrendered to Kublai.
 While engaged in a war with the Mongols, the Song Chinese official Li Zengbo wrote in his Kozhai Zagao, Xugaohou that the city of Qingzhou was manufacturing one to two thousand strong iron-cased gunpowder bomb shells a month, dispatching to Xiangyang and Yingzhou about ten to twenty thousand such bombs at a time.
 Lannathai, a kingdom in the north of Thailand, is founded by King Mengrai.
 The Goryeo kingdom in Korea surrenders to invading Mongol forces.
 The Chinese era Kaiqing begins and ends in the Northern Song Dynasty of China.
 The Japanese Shōka era ends, and the Shōgen era begins.

Births 
 Pietro Cavallini, Italian painter (died 1330)
 Demetre II of Georgia (died 1289)
 John II of Jerusalem (died 1285)
 Richard Og de Burgh, 2nd Earl of Ulster (died 1326)
 Infanta Branca of Portugal, daughter of King Afonso III of Portugal and Urraca of Castile

Deaths 
 May 29 – King Christopher I of Denmark (born 1219)
 October 7 – Ezzelino da Romano III, Italian ruler
 November 18 – Adam Marsh, English scholar and theologian
 Gojong of Goryeo
 Möngke Khan of the Mongol Empire
 Matthew Paris, English chronicler
 Thomas II of Savoy
1258



Events 
 c. January – A giant volcano erupts. No one is sure where, but it may have been in a tropical location like El Chichón, Mexico or Quilotoa, Ecuador. Observed effects of the eruption include the following anecdotal accounts: dry fog in France; lunar eclipses in England; severe winter in Europe; a "harsh" spring in Northern Iceland; famine in England, Western Germany, France, and Northern Italy; and pestilence in London, parts of France, Austria, Iraq, Syria, and South-East Turkey.

 February 10 – Battle of Baghdad (1258) – Hulagu Khan's Mongol forces overrun Baghdad. The city was the center of Islamic culture and learning and capital of the Abbasid Caliphate. The Mongols burned the city to the ground, and killed many people.

 Llywelyn the Last declares himself Prince of Wales. He is the last ruler of an independent Wales before its conquest by the English.
 King Henry III of England is forced by seven powerful barons to accept the Provisions of Oxford, effectively ending the absolute monarchy in England by requiring the calling of a parliament.
 The Chinese era Baoyou ends in the Northern Song Dynasty of China.
 Civil unrest in northern Italy starts the medieval musical form of Geisslerlieder, songs of repentance sung by wandering bands of Flagellants.
 Gissur Thorvaldsson is made Earl of Iceland by King Haakon IV of Norway.
 Korea surrenders to Mongols.

Births 
 Arghun, fourth Ilkhanate ruler of Iran (approximate date; died 1291)
 Osman I, founder of the Ottoman Empire (died 1326)

Deaths 
 February 20 – Al-Musta'sim, last Abbasid Caliph of Baghdad
 August 18 – Theodore II Lascaris, emperor of Nicea (Byzantine Emperor in exile)
 Hong Bok-won, Goryeo commander who later served the Mongol Empire
 Meinhard I of Gorizia-Tyrol (born c. 1200)
 Abu-l-Hassan ash-Shadhili, Moroccan spiritual leader (born 1175)
 Clement of Dunblane,13th-century Dominican friar who was the first member of the Dominican Order in Britain to become a bishop

Notes
1257



Events 
 Robert de Sorbon founds the Collège de Sorbonne at Paris, giving a formal college (and still-common name) to the already existing University of Paris in France.
 Matthew Paris, English historian, personally interviews King Henry III of England for a week straight while compiling his major work of English history, Chronica Majora.
 King Henry III of England orders the production of an twenty pence English coin of pure gold, the first high-denomination coin minted in England and the first to use gold. Unfortunately for King Henry, the bullion value of the coins was about 20% higher than the nominal face value, leading to poor circulation as coins were melted down by individuals for their gold content.
 The second Genoese War breaks out between Genoa and Venice in Outremer known as the War of Saint Sabas.
 The city of Kraków is rebuilt by Boleslaus V of Poland after being nearly destroyed in the Tatar invasions in 1241.
 The Japanese Kōgen era ends, and the Shōka era begins.
 Mongols take Annam (northern Vietnam).
 Aberdeen Grammar School opened.

Births 
 October 14 – King Przemysł II of Poland (d. 1296)
 Beatrice of Burgundy (died 1310)
 King Sancho IV of Castile and León (died 1295)

Deaths 
 June 4 – Duke Przemysł I of Greater Poland
 August 15 – Saint Hyacinth
 December 24 – John I, Count of Hainaut (born 1218)
1256



Events

Europe 
 May 4 – Pope Alexander IV issues a papal bull Licet ecclesiae catholicae constituting the Augustinian monastic order at Lecceto Monastery.
 The city of Lviv, in present-day Ukraine, is founded by Danylo King of Rus.
 Theodore II Lascaris, Byzantine Emperor (in exile in the Empire of Nicaea), successfully concludes a military campaign started a year earlier to recover Thrace from the Bulgarians.
Abingdon School is founded.
Roger Bacon becomes a Franciscan Friar.

Asia 
 October – Mongol commander Baiju (operating under Hulagu Khan's command) leads his forces in a victory over Kay Ka'us II of the Sultanate of Rüm, thereby capturing Anatolia.
 December 15 – Hulagu Khan captures and destroys the Hashshashin stronghold at Alamut in present-day Iran.
 Hulagu Khan establishes the Ilkhanate dynasty of Persia, which will become one of four main divisions of the Mongol Empire.
 The Japanese Kenchō era ends, and the Kōgen era begins.

Births 
 January 6 – Gertrude the Great, German mystic
 Robert, Count of Clermont, French founder of the House of Bourbon (died 1317)

 Ibn al-Banna, Arab Mathematician (died 1321)

Deaths 
 January 28 – William II, Count of Holland, King of Germany
 June 13 – Tankei, Japanese sculptor (born 1173)
 September 1 – Kujo Yoritsune, Japanese shogun (born 1218)
 October 14 – Kujo Yoritsugu, Japanese shogun (born 1239)
 William of Kilkenny, Lord Chancellor of England
 Johannes de Sacrobosco, English scholar
1255



Events

Europe

Western Europe 
 August – The final Cathar stronghold in southern France falls, eliminating the last refuge of the heretical Cathars after the Roman Catholic Church engaged in a program to crush the sect, starting in 1209 with the Albigensian Crusade.
 The death of Little Saint Hugh of Lincoln prompts persecution of Jews in England on accusations of blood libel.
 Lisbon becomes the capital of the Kingdom of Portugal.
 The Gothic cathedral at Bourges, France, is completed. It is now a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
 A survey of royal privileges is conducted, which is included in the Hundred Rolls, an English census seen as a follow up to the Domesday Book completed in 1086; the Hundred Rolls is later completed with two larger surveys in 1274/1275 and 1279/1280.

Central and Eastern Europe 
 May – William of Rubruck from Constantinople returns to Cyprus from his missionary journey to convert the Tatars of central and eastern Asia, his efforts having been unsuccessful.
 Königsberg (now Kaliningrad) is founded in Prussia.
 Theodore II Lascaris, Byzantine Emperor (in exile in the Empire of Nicaea), conducts a military campaign to recover Thrace from the Bulgarians. He concludes the task successfully a year later in 1256.
 The Duchy of Bavaria is split into Upper and Lower Bavaria
 The German state of Nassau is divided, not to be reunited until 1806.
 King Béla IV of Hungary grants Banská Bystrica municipal rights of a royal town.

Asia 
 Hulagu Khan is dispatched by his brother Möngke Khan to destroy the remaining Muslim states in southwestern Asia.

Births 
 Albert I of Germany, Holy Roman Emperor (died 1308)
 William de Ros, 2nd Baron de Ros, claimant to the crown of Scotland (died 1317)
 Duccio di Buoninsegna, Sienese painter (died 1319)
 Grand Prince Andrey of Gorodets (approximate date; died 1304)
 Adolf of Nassau-Weilburg, King of the Romans (approximate date; died 1298)

Deaths 
 May 1 – Walter de Gray, English prelate and statesman
 Little Saint Hugh of Lincoln (born 1247)
 Jarler, Archbishop of Sweden
 Sundiata Keita, semi-historical hero and founder of the Mali Empire. (approximate date; born c. 1190)
 Batu Khan, Mongol ruler and founder of the Blue Horde.
Glen Phillips

Glen Phillips (born December 29, 1970) is an American songwriter, singer and guitarist. He is best known as the singer and songwriter of 1990s alternative rock group Toad the Wet Sprocket.

Discography

Studio albums
 Abulum (2000)
 Winter Pays For Summer (2005)
 Mr. Lemons (2006)

Live albums/EPs
 Live at Largo (2003)
 Unlucky 7 (2006)

Other websites
 Glen Phillips  The official site with news, tour dates and a message board.
 Glen's MySpace site   Glen's MySpace site with blog and information on any upcoming tour dates.
 ComeBackDownload.com
 Unofficial Glen Phillips FAQ
 Phillips on Archive.org
 PopGurls 20 Questions with Glen Phillips .
 Interview with Glen Phillips on The BackStage Pass Internet Radio Show 
  Glen Phillips JBTV interview on XNDTV.com 
  glenphillips.net

Singer-songwriters from California
American guitarists
1970 births
Living people
People from Santa Barbara, California
Jon Brion

Jon Brion (born December 11, 1963) is an American rock and pop multi-instrumentalist, singer, songwriter, composer and record producer. He was born in Glen Ridge, New Jersey. His mother was a jazz singer, his father a band director at Yale, his brother is an arranger and sister a violinist.

The Bats
Brion and Bill Murphy began writing together in New Haven, Connecticut. They recorded some demo tracks in makeshift apartment studios, and worked out their arrangements at Yale University Campus. They enlisted the talents of bassist Don "Riff" Fertman to form The Bats (unlike the New Zealand band of the same name). In 1982, the trio created a imaginative set of pop songs in a small studio in Connecticut. A single called "Popgun" followed by an LP entitled How Pop Can You Get? were released on the independent label Gustav. The album failed to chart, and the group was disbanded.

Discography

Studio albums
How Pop Can You Get? (with The Bats, 1982)
Ro Sham Bo (with The Grays, 1994)
Meaningless (solo, 2001)

Film scores
 Hard Eight (with Michael Penn) (1996)
 Magnolia (1999)
 Punch-Drunk Love (2002)
 Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind (2003)
 I ♥ Huckabees (2004)
 The Break-Up (2006)

As producer
 Aimee Mann, Whatever, (1993)
 Aimee Mann, I'm with Stupid, (1995)
 Rufus Wainwright, Rufus Wainwright, (1998)
 Eleni Mandell, Wishbone, (1998)
 Robyn Hitchcock, Jewels for Sophia, (1998)
 Robyn Hitchcock, A Star for Bram, (1999)
 Fiona Apple, When the Pawn..., (1999)
 The Crystal Method - "Bad Stone" (1997), "Over the Line" (2001), "Realizer" (2004)
 Elliott Smith, From a Basement on a Hill, (unreleased version, recorded 2001)
 Brad Mehldau, Largo, (2002)
 Rhett Miller, The Instigator, (2002)
 Evan Dando, Baby I'm Bored, (2003)
 Fiona Apple, Extraordinary Machine, (unreleased version, recorded 2002-2003)
 Kanye West, Late Registration (as co-executive producer and co-producer on several tracks), (2005)
 Marjorie Fair, Self Help Serenade (as co-executive producer), (2005)
 Kanye West, Graduation (as co-producer), (2007)
 Spoon (band), "The Underdog," ''Ga Ga Ga Ga Ga, (2007)

Other websites
 Jon Brion Unofficial site 
 Jon Brion's Official Website

1963 births
Living people
Musicians from New Jersey
Singers from New Jersey
Bruce Molsky

Bruce Molsky (born in Manhattan, New York in 1955) is an American fiddler, banjo player, guitarist, and singer. He teaches the fiddle at the Berklee College of Music in Boston, as part of its American Roots program. He has been nominated for two Grammy Awards.

He has made several recordings, including:
 If It Ain't Here When I Get Back (2013)
 1865 - Songs of Hope and Home from the American Civil War
 Meeting Point Bruce Molsky, Aly Bain & Ale Möller: Live at The Liverpool Philharmonic (2012)
 Soon Be Time 
 The Hell Benders 
 Warring Cats 
 Fiddlers 4

Other websites
Bruce Molsky official site

References

American guitarists
Singers from New York City
Musicians from New York City
American folk musicians
Banjo players
Fiddlers
1955 births
Living people
Tift Merritt

Tift Merritt (born January 8, 1975) is an American singer, guitarist and songwriter. Born in Houston, Texas, Merritt moved to Raleigh, North Carolina at a young age.  She has been compared to songwriters like Joni Mitchell and Emmylou Harris.

In 2009, Merritt married Zeke Hutchins, her band's drummer and her long-time partner.  They live in New York City.

In addition to Austin City Limits, Merritt has been on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno and the Late Show with David Letterman.  Her music has been in The L Word, Men In Trees, United States of Tara and the movie New in Town.

Discography

Albums

Singles

Video

Awards and nominations

References

Other websites
 Official Website
 MySpace.com site
 Americana Music Association

Singer-songwriters from Texas
American rock guitarists
Singers from Houston, Texas
Musicians from Houston, Texas
Writers from Houston, Texas
Country musicians from North Carolina
1975 births
Living people
Singers from North Carolina
Musicians from North Carolina
Writers from Raleigh, North Carolina
Elliott Smith

{{Infobox musical artist
|Name = Elliott Smith
|Background = solo_singer
|Img =Elliott Smith.jpg
|Img_capt = Elliot Smith performing in 2003
|Img_size = 
|Landscape = 
|Birth_name = Steven Paul Smith
|Origin = Portland, Oregon, U.S.
|birth_date = 
|birth_place = Omaha, Nebraska, U.S.
|death_date= 
|death_place = Los Angeles, California, U.S.
|Genre = Indie rockAcoustic rockIndie folk
|Occupation = 
|Years_active = 1993–2003
|Instrument = Guitar  Vocals  Piano  Clarinet  Bass  Harmonica  Drums
|First_album = Roman Candle
|Latest_album = 
|Notable_albums = 
|Notable songs = "Miss Misery"
|Label = Virgin  Cavity Search  Kill Rock Stars  Suicide Squeeze  DreamWorks  ANTI-  Epitaph Domino
|Associated_acts = HeatmiserQuasiMary Lou LordPete KrebsNo. 2
|URL = Official website
}}
Steven Paul "Elliott" Smith (August 6, 1969 – October 21, 2003) was an American singer-songwriter and musician. He was born in Omaha, Nebraska. He grew up in Duncanville, Texas. He died of stab wounds to his chest in 2003 when he was 34 years old. It is not known if it was suicide or murder. At the time of his death, Smith had been making his sixth album From a Basement on the Hill. It was released on October 19, 2004. In 2007 another album called New Moon'' was released.

Partial discography

Other websites 
 SweetAdeline.net - Official Elliott Smith website
 SweetAddy.com - Official discussion forums
 Cavity Search Records
 Kill Rock Stars

References 

1969 births
2003 deaths
American rock guitarists
American rock singers
American singer-songwriters
Deaths by blade weapons
Writers from Omaha, Nebraska
Musicians from Omaha, Nebraska
Singers from Omaha, Nebraska
Sugar Hill Records

Sugar Hill Records is a folk music record label. Some of the artists who have released albums with the label are Nickel Creek, Allison Moorer, Sam Bush and Dolly Parton.

Folk music
Independent record labels
1251



Events

Europe 
 April – The first Shepherds' Crusade, a domestic French uprising in response to events in Egypt during the Seventh Crusade, occurs.
 December 26 – King Alexander III of Scotland marries Margaret, daughter of King Henry III of England, precipitating a power struggle between the two monarchs.
 Andrew de Longjumeau, dispatched two years earlier by King Louis IX of France as an ambassador to the Mongols, meets the king in Palestine, with reports from the Mongols and Tartary; his mission is considered a failure.
 Mindaugas of Lithuania is baptized, in prelude to his crowning as King of Lithuania in 1253.
 Alexander Nevsky signs the first peace treaty between Kievan Rus' and Norway.
 King Conrad IV of Germany invades Italy, but fails to subdue the supporters of Pope Innocent IV.
 The German city of Berlin, founded some fifty years earlier, receives its city charter.
 Ottokar II of Bohemia, later to become King of Bohemia, is elected Duke of Austria.
 The earliest known manuscript of The Proverbs of Alfred, a collection of sayings of England's Alfred the Great, is written.

Asia 
 Möngke Khan is elected as the fourth great Khan of the Mongol Empire.
 Carving of the Tripitaka Koreana, a collection of Buddhist scriptures recorded on some 81,000 wooden blocks, is completed.

Births 
 Hōjō Tokimune, 8th regent of the Kamakura shogunate (died 1284)

Deaths 
 Bohemund V of Antioch
 Peter I, Duke of Brittany (born 1190)
 Eljigidei, Mongol commander of Persia
 Isobel of Huntingdon (born 1199)
 Matthias II, Duke of Lorraine
1240



Events 
 Batu Khan and the Golden Horde sack the Ruthenian city of Kiev.
 Mandinka prince Sundiata Keita defeats Sosso king Soumaoro Kanté at the Battle of Kirina, beginning the Mali Empire.
 July 15 – Russian prince Alexander Nevsky defeats the Swedes in the Battle of the Neva, saving Russia from a full-scale enemy invasion from the North.
 End of the civil war era in Norway.
 Saint Maurice is started to be portrayed as Moor.

Births 
 Abulafia, Maltese Jewish philosopher (died 1292)
 Pope Benedict XI (died 1304)
 Stephen V of Hungary (died 1272)
 Sigerus of Brabant, French theologian (died 1284)
 Albert the Degenerate, landgrave of Thuringia (approximate date; died 1314)

Deaths 
 April 11 – Llywelyn the Great, King of Gwynedd
 Ibn Arabi, Andalusian Arab philosopher
 Jacques de Vitry, French historian and theologian (born c. 1180)
 William de Warenne, 6th Earl of Surrey (born 1166)

Monarchs/Presidents 
 Aragon – James I King of Aragon and count of Barcelona (reigned from 1213 to 1276)
 Castile – Ferdinand III, the Saint King of Castile and León (reigned from 1217 to 1252)
1237



Events 
 Thomas II of Savoy becomes count of Flanders.
 Elbląg, Poland is founded.
 Representatives of all 4 khanates lead 150000 Mongol, Turkish and Persian troops into Europe.
 The Mongols invade Russia.
 Gualdo Tadino, Italy, is destroyed by fire.
 The County of Artois is founded in France.
 Baldwin II becomes Latin Emperor of Constantinople.
 Conrad IV of Germany becomes King of Germany.
 The Livonian Brothers of the Sword unite with the Teutonic Knights.
 Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor defeats Lombard League at Battle of Cortenuova
 A major fire destroys some 30,000 dwellings in the Chinese capital city of Hangzhou.

Births 
 Bohemond VI of Antioch, ruler of the principality of Antioch

Deaths 
 April 15 – Richard Poore, English ecclesiastic
 June 6 – John de Scotia, 9th Earl of Huntingdon
 John of Brienne, king of Jerusalem and Latin Emperor of Constantinople (born c. 1148)
 Jordanus Nemorarius, German scientist
 Pons de Capduelh, French troubadour
 September 23 – Snorri Sturluson, Icelandic historian, poet and politician (born c.1178)

Monarchs/Presidents 
 Aragon – James I King of Aragon and count of Barcelona (reigned from 1213 to 1276)
 Castile – Ferdinand III, the Saint King of Castile and León (reigned from 1217 to 1252)
 Joan, wife of Llwelyn the Great
1224



Events 
 Foundation of the University of Naples.
 Livonian Brothers of the Sword conquers Latgallians and the stronghold of Tartu from Ugaunian and Russian troops.
 Last of Arabs expelled from Sicily.
 The Chichimecas capture Tula, Hidalgo.

Deaths 
 Cathal Crobdearg Ua Conchobair, King of Connacht (born 1153)
 Hōjō Yoshitoki, regent of the Kamakura shogunate of Japan (born 1163)

Monarchs/Presidents 
 Aragon – James I King of Aragon and count of Barcelona (reigned from 1213 to 1276)
 Castile – Ferdinand III, the Saint King of Castile and León (reigned from 1217 to 1252)
 Holy See – Honorius III pope (from 1216 to 1227)
 Mongol Empire – Genghis Khan, Mongol Khan (from 1206 to 1227)
 Navarre – Sancho VII the Strong King of Navarre (reigned from 1194 to 1234)
 Portugal – Afonso II, the Fat, King of Portugal (reigned from 1212 to 1233)
 Venice – Pietro Ziani Doge of Venice (ruled from 1205 to 1229)
1220



Events 
 Middle Ages in Europe
 Fifth Crusade (1217-1221)
 Battle of Lihula in Estonia between Estonians and Swedes.
 Mongols first invade Abbasid caliphate – Bukhara and Samarkand taken
 End of the Kara-Khitan Khanate, destroyed by Genghis Khan's Mongolian cavalry
 Dominican Order approved by Pope Honorius III
 Frederick II crowned Holy Roman Emperor by Pope Honorius III
 Conrad of Masovia drives out the heathen Prussians from a Masovian territory of Chelmno Land
 Trial by ordeal abolished in England
 The German Hohenstaufen dynasty which had ruled Sicily since 1194, adopts Palermo as its principal seat
 Dordrecht receives city rights, making it the oldest city in the present-day Netherlands
 Ljubljana receives its town rights
 The Islamic lands of Central Asia are overrun by the armies of the Mongol invader Genghis Khan (ca. 1155-1227), who laid waste to many civilizations and created an empire that stretched from China to the Caspian Sea. However, he failed to destroy the strength of Islam in Central Asia.

Architecture 
 Gothic architecture in Europe
 Rebuilding of the Cathedral of Chartres, which had been destroyed by a fire in 1194, is completed
 Rebuilding of the York Minster begins
 Building of the Salisbury Cathedral begins

Births 
 April 1 – Emperor Go-Saga of Japan (died 1272)
 November 11 – Alphonse of Toulouse, son of Louis VIII of France (died 1271)
 Thomas Ercildoun, Scottish minstrel (died 1297)
 Alexander Nevsky, Grand Prince of Novgorod and Vladimir
 Przemysł I of Poland (died 1257)
 Yaroslav of Russia, Grand Duke of Vladimir
 Walter de Burgh, 1st Earl of Ulster (died 1271)

Deaths 
 February 17 – Theobald I, Duke of Lorraine
 April 15 – Adolf of Altena, Archbishop of Cologne
 Michael Choniates, Byzantine writer and ecclesiastic
 Farid od-Din Mohammad ebn Ebrahim 'Attar, Persian mystical poet
 Saxo Grammaticus, Danish historian (born 1150)
 Henry de Bohun, 1st Earl of Hereford (born 1176)
 Mestwin I of Pomerania
 Queen Urraca of Portugal spouse of King Afonso II of Portugal (born 1186)

Office holders 
 List of state leaders in 1220
 List of religious leaders in 1220
Dot Branning

Dot Branning (also Cotton) is a fictional character in EastEnders. She is played by June Brown. She works in the laundrette and smokes Superkings.

References

Other websites
 Dot Branning page  at the BBC EastEnders website

EastEnders characters
Pat Evans

Pat Evans is a fictional character in EastEnders. She has been played by Pam St. Clement from 12 June 1986 to 1st January 2012.

Other websites
 Pat Evans page  at the BBC EastEnders website

EastEnders characters
Middle way

The Middle Way or Middle Path is a teaching about a way of looking at things in Buddhism. This teaching advises a path of moderation, taking a middle way between extremes. In particular, the Buddha advises against taking a either an overly hard path or an overly easy path. He said that a person should not be either too self-indulgent or self-denying. The middle way is a different way of life.

According the Third Noble Truth, the way to stop suffering is to stop wanting things.  But if a person too strongly wants to stop wanting things, they are still wanting something. (to stop wanting things).  The middle way helps solve this problem. Buddha came to this idea after six years of extreme self-denial in the search for how to end suffering.

References

Related pages
Buddhism

Buddhism
Entertainer

An entertainer is a person who is employed to bring joy, relaxation or happiness.

Features 
An entertainer can perform on stage or television or simply entertain children at parties.

Examples 
Examples of entertainers include:

Clowns
Magicians
Actors
Comedians
Musicians

Entertainment occupations
Benetice (Světlá nad Sázavou)

Benetice is a small village near the town Světlá nad Sázavou (in Czech Republic).

Key features

Historical features 
There was a glass factory in Benetice. It does not exist any more, but some local names of places are derived from the parts of the glass factory as name Na sušírnách or Sklárenský rybník (the name of a pond). There is recreation camp in Benetice. It was used as pioneer camp (pioneers were people organized in one group in Czech republic) and it was used for young people from Hungary, Poland and Germany.

Natural features 
A linden-tree grows on village green of Benetice. It was planted in 1945.

Structural features 
The castle Lipnice can be seen from Benetice.

History of the village name 
 1375 - Beneczicze
 1787 - Benetitz

Photos

Other websites 
 www.benetice.eu - pages about the village Benetice
 Czech page about Benetice 
 Map of Benetice

Villages in the Czech Republic
Gustavo Adolfo Bécquer

Gustavo Adolfo Domínguez Bastida, better known as Bécquer, (Seville, 17 February 1836 – Madrid, 22 December 1870) was a Spanish post-romanticist writer of poetry and short stories. He is considered one of the most important figures in Spanish literature. He adopted the alias of Bécquer  as his brother Valeriano Bécquer, a painter, had done earlier. He was associated with the post-romanticism movement and wrote while realism in literature was enjoying success in Spain. He was moderately well known during his life, but it was after his death that most of his works were published.

His best known works are the Rhymes and the Legends, usually published together as Rimas y leyendas. These poems and tales are essential to the study of Spanish literature and common reading for high-school students in Spanish-speaking countries.

His work approached the traditional poetry and themes in a modern way, and is considered the founder of modern Spanish lyricism.

People from Seville
Spanish poets
1836 births
1870 deaths
Tirso de Molina

Tirso de Molina (October, 1571? - March 12, 1648) was a Spanish Baroque dramatist and poet.

Originally Gabriel Tellez, he was born in Madrid.  He studied at Alcalá de Henares, joined the Order of the Blessed Virgin Mary of Mercy on November 4 1600, and entered the Monastery of San Antolín at Guadalajara, Spain on January 21 1601. He was ordained a priest by 1610.

References

Spanish writers
Spanish poets
1571 births
1648 deaths
HotJava

HotJava is a web browser from Sun Microsystems that can execute Java applets. It was the first browser to support Java applets, and is not available anymore and is not supported anymore.

Other websites 
 HotJava Browser
 HotJava @ Evolt

Web browsers
Sun Microsystems
Mobile browser

A mobile browser (also called a microbrowser or minibrowser) is a web browser made for use on a mobile device like a mobile phone or PDA.  Mobile browsers are made to display internet content in the best way for small screens on mobile devices.

Web browsers
ABrowse

ABrowse is a free web browser for the Syllable operating system.

Other websites 
 Website 

Web browsers
Shiira

Shiira (シイラ, Japanese for the common dolphin-fish) is a free web browser based on Safari for the Mac OS X operating system.

Other websites
 Shiira Project 
Shiira: Open Source Web Browser based on Web Kit 

Web browsers
Ghostzilla

Ghostzilla is a web browser for Microsoft Windows based on Mozilla. The browser runs inside the window space of another program e.g. in Microsoft Outlook, where the page is made to look like the things one would expect in an email. It makes people think think the person they're reading an email. 

Between May 2004 and January 2005, the project was taken off the website because the person who made it felt it was bad to use it. It was later put back, but with warnings about the potential to use it for the wrong reason. Since February 2007, the site has been closed and is no longer available.

Features
 The Ghostzilla window disappears when the mouse cursor is moved away from it, letting the user easily hide it.
 The user can set the preferences to set security (hiding) levels. For example: He can display no images unless the mouse is put over it (they stand out, thus making it more easily recognized as the Web), or display plain grey text on a white background.

References

Other websites
 Last ever archived version of Ghostzilla site.

Web browsers
Mozilla
Swiftweasel

Swiftweasel is a free and fully open source build of Mozilla Firefox.

Other websites
 Swiftweasel site
 Swiftweasel on Softpedia
 Swiftweasel on Freshmeat
 Geektank Review

Web browsers
Mozilla
Charon (web browser)

Charon is a web browser for the Inferno operating system.

Web browsers
Bern (district)

The District of Bern is a district of the canton of Bern, Switzerland. It has an area of 233 km² and a population of 237,919 people (as of January 2005). The capital city is Bern. 

The district contains thirteen municipalities:

Other websites 
 Website of the city of Bern (in English)

Former districts of Bern
Biel (district)

Biel is a small district in the Swiss canton of Bern. It contains 2 municipalities:

Other websites 
 Official Website of the city of Biel/Bienne
 Tourism Information for Biel/Bienne and Region 
 Portal with numerous trip suggestions in the Seeland region
 Portal with numerous trip suggestions in the Bern Jura region
 Events Calendar 
 Nightlife in Biel
 Watch Valley

Former districts of Bern
Rose Byrne

Rose Mary Byrne (born 24 July 1979) is a Golden Globe nominated Australian Actress. She was born in Balmain, New South Wales, Australia.

Other websites

Australian movie actors
1979 births
Living people
Australian stage actors
Australian television actors
Actors from Sydney
Bellikon

Bellikon is a municipality in Baden in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.

References

Other websites 
  Bellikon - Official website
  Bellikon Rehab Clinic 

Municipalities of Aargau
Benzenschwil

Benzenschwil was a municipality of the district Muri in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland. On 1 January 2012 the former municipality of Benzenschwil merged into the municipality of Merenschwand.

Other websites

Former municipalities of Aargau
Bergdietikon

Bergdietikon is a municipality of the district Baden in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland. The lake Egelsee is in Bergdietikon.

References 

Municipalities of Aargau
Egelsee (Aargau)

Egelsee is a lake at Bergdietikon, Aargau, Switzerland. The surface area is .  It is the largest natural lake in the canton.

Lakes of Switzerland
Aargau
Berikon

Berikon is a municipality of the district Bremgarten in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.

References 

Municipalities of Aargau
998



Events 
 Otto III takes control the city of Rome and brings his cousin, Pope Gregory V, back to power.
 A Benedictine abbey is started at Sherborne.

Births 
 George I of Georgia

Deaths 
 Abu'l-Wafa, Iranian mathematician
995



Events 
 Erik Segersäll is replaces by Olof Skötkonung, the first baptized ruler of Sweden  (see Swedish monarchs).
 Basil II lifts the siege of Aleppo by bringing his entire army across Anatolia in sixteen days.
 Constantine III becomes king of Scotland.
 Boleslaus II of Bohemia kills the Slavnik's dynasty at Libice.
 Olaf Tryggvason is made king of Norway and builds the country's first church.

Births 
 Canute the Great (approximate) (d. 1035)
 Guido of Arezzo, Italian musician (d. 1050)
 Abolfazl Beyhaghi, Persian historian and writer (d. 1077)
 Olaf II of Norway (d.1030)

Deaths 
 February 5 — William IV, Duke of Aquitaine (b. 937)
 Henry II, Duke of Bavaria (b.951)
 Kenneth II of Scotland (possibly murdered)
 Haakon Sigurdsson earl (and de facto ruler) of Norway
1177



Events 
 November 25 — Baldwin IV of Jerusalem and Raynald of Chatillon beat Saladin at the Battle of Montgisard.
 During the third year of the Angen era in Japan, a fire devastates Kyoto.
 Benedictus Abbas becomes abbot of Peterborough.
 Byland Abbey is started in Yorkshire by the Cistercians.
 Casimir II becomes duke of Poland.
 The Cham sack the Khmer capital of Angkor Wat.
 Roger de Moulins becomes Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller.
 Moscow is burned down.
 Puigcerdà is founded by Alfonso II of Aragon.
 Leopold V becomes Duke of Austria.
 September 27 — Pope Alexander III sends a letter to Prester John, believing he is real.
 Treaty of Venice — Frederick I Barbarossa accepts Alexander III as Pope
 Estonians attack Pskov during winter.

Births 
 Baldwin V, king of Jerusalem (d. 1186)
 Robert de Ros, English baron (d. 1226)
 Philip of Swabia, enemy of Otto IV, Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1208)

Deaths 
 January 13 — Henry II of Austria (b. 1107)
 William of Montferrat, Count of Jaffa and Ascalon, father of Baldwin V of Jerusalem (b. early 1140s)
 Hugh Bigod, 1st Earl of Norfolk (b. 1095)

Heads of State 
 England — Henry II (reigned 1154–1189)
 France — Louis VII (reigned 1137–1180)
 Byzantine Empire — Manuel I Comnenus (reigned 1143–1180)
 Pope — Alexander III (pope 1159–1181)
 Song China – Song Xiaozong (宋孝宗) (reigned 1162–1189)
1176



Events 
 January — Assize of Northampton.
 May 22 — Murder tried but failed by the Hashshashin on Saladin near Aleppo.
 Raynald of Chatillon released from prison in Aleppo.
 May 29 — Frederick Barbarossa is beaten.
 September 17 — Seljuk Turks beats Manuel I Comnenus at the Battle of Myriokephalon.
 Cathedral of Sens makes the first "clock".
 Construction begins on the London Bridge.
 Aberdeen becomes a royal burgh.
 The first recorded Welsh Eisteddfod is held by Rhys ap Gruffydd at Cardigan.

Births 

 Henry de Bohun, 1st Earl of Hereford (d. 1220)
 Leopold VI of Austria (d. 1230)
 William de Longespee, 3rd Earl of Salisbury (around date; d. 1226)
 Saint Sava, Serbian prince and archbishop (d. 1235)
 Subutai, Mongol general, tried to bring together the Mongolia

Deaths 
 April 20 — Richard de Clare, 2nd Earl of Pembroke, English soldier (b. 1130)
 May 13 — Matthias I, Duke of Lorraine (b. 1119)
 August 23 — Emperor Rokujo- of Japan (b. 1164)
 October 25 — William d'Aubigny, 1st Earl of Arundel, English politician (b. c. 1109)
 Rosamund Clifford, mistress of Henry II of England (b. 1150)
 Saint Galdino, Italian archdeacon
1174



Events 
 Vietnam is given the name of Annam by China.
 Henry II of England confesses Rosamund Clifford as his mistress.
 Revolt of 1173-1174 against Henry II of England ends when the rebels are beaten.
 William I of Scotland is captured by Ranulf de Glanvill at the Battle of Alnwick (1174).
 Richard of Dover becomes Archbishop of Canterbury.
 William de Braose, Third Lord of Bramber becomes sheriff of Hereford.
 Baldwin IV becomes King of Jerusalem.
 Fire destroys most of Padua, Italy.
 City of Pombal, is started by Gualdim Pais in Portugal.
 Saladin takes Damascus.
 The last Toltec king commits suicide.

Births 
 Saint Hedwig of Andechs (d. 1243)
 King Peter II of Aragon (d. 1213)
 Emeric of Hungary (d. 1204)

Deaths 
 May 15 — Nur ad-Din, ruler of Syria (b. 1118)
 June 28 — Andrei Bogolyubsky, Prince of Vladimir (b. c. 1111)
 July 11 — King Amalric I of Jerusalem (b. 1136)
 September 22 — Uchtred, Lord of Galloway (b. c. 1120)
 October 17 — Queen Petronila of Aragon (b. 1135)
 Everard des Barres, third Grand Master of the Knights Templar
 Miles of Plancy, French crusader
Comet West

Comet West was a spectacular comet, also considered to qualify for great comet status.

It was discovered through pictures by Richard M. West, of the European Southern Observatory, on August 10, 1975.  During peak brightness, observers reported that it was bright enough to study during full daylight.

Comet West was what 1973's Comet Kohoutek should have been. 

The comet has an estimated orbital period of 558,000 years.

Break up
During the comet's run into the closer part of the solar system for the first time in 500,000 years, the nucleus of Comet West was seen to split into four pieces as it passed within 30 million km. of the sun.

The first report of the split came around 7 March 1976 12:30UT, when reports were received that the comet had broken into two pieces. These two pieces remained the only pieces until Steven O'Meara, using the 9-inch Harvard Refractor, reported that two additional pieces had formed on the morning of 18 March. 

The breakup was one of very few comet breakups seen from historical times by the 1970s. Recently, comets Shoemaker-Levy 9, Schwassmann-Wachmann-3 (73/P), C/1999 S4 LINEAR, and 57/P du Toit-Neujmin-Delporte, have been seen to disintegrate. When seen, many were stunned, but none more so than the discoverer, Richard Martin West. The comet broke into pieces when some distance from the sun. It exploded into four pieces, and those were scattered. Later, two pieces were spotted, and studied intently by astronomers.

Other websites
Cometography.com: Comet West

Comets
600

600 was a common year of the Gregorian calendar.

Events 
 The population of the Earth rises to about 208 million people.
 Smallpox arrives in Europe for the first time.
 King Ingvar of Sweden invades Estonia but is killed by the locals.
 Juchau Anglo-Saxon tribesmen arrive in England.
 The Persians begin to use windmills for irrigation.
 Chaturanga is played in India.
 Loma Caldera in El Salvador erupts.
 The Hopewell culture of North America becomes less popular.
 The Aztec city of Teotihuacán begins to get unstable.
 The moldboard plow is invented in eastern Europe.
 Pope Gregory I writes what comes to be known as Gregorian chant.
 The building on the monastery of St. Catherine is begun on Mount Sinai.
 Irish missionaries pray in Scotland and Germany.
 Chinese-influenced sculptures of Buddha begin to be created in Japan.
 Sumatra, Java, and the surrounding islands are changed to believe inBuddhism.
 Augustine of Canterbury changes Ethelbert of Kent's religion to Christianity (approximate date).
 Nubian rulers become Christian (approximate date).

Births 
 Ali Ben Abu Talib, the fourth caliph of Islam
 Candrakirti, Indian Madhyamaka philosopher

Deaths 
 Venance Fortunat, bishop of Poitiers, one of the last representatives of Classical Latin poetry
 King Beop of Baekje, king of the Baekje Kingdom of Korea
 Yang Jun
601



Events 
 Peter (Byzantine General) wins the battle against the Eurasian Avars
 Liuva II replaces his brother Reccared as King of the Visigoths.
 The Qieyun, a Chinese character rhyme dictionary, is published
 The future Archbishops of Canterbury, Mellitus, Justus, and Honorius, and the future Archbishop of York Paulinus, are sent to England by Pope Gregory I to help Augustine in his missionary work.

Births 
 Sigebert II of Austrasia and Burgundy
 Hongren, a Zen Buddhist patriarch of the Chinese Tang Dynasty (d. 674)
 Ma Zhou, Chinese chancellor of the Tang Dynasty (d. 648)
 Empress Zhangsun

Deaths 
 Saint David, Patron Saint of Wales
 Reccared, King of the Visigoths
The Elder Scrolls IV: Oblivion

The Elder Scrolls IV: Oblivion is a role-playing video game. It was made by the American game maker Bethesda in May 2006. The game is for the Xbox 360 video game console and the PC (computer). It was also made for the Sony PlayStation 3 in May 2007.

Awards 
This game got the "Game of the Year" award at the Golden Joystick Awards. Many gaming magazines such as the official Xbox magazine for the United Kingdom rated it a 10 out of 10. The game is only offline. It can not play against people on Xbox Live  although people can download extra content for the game. The extra content can also be bought on a DVD or Blu-ray. Some of the downloadable content comes with the Knights of the Nine retail disc.

Events
Events from The Elder Scrolls IV: Oblivion happened after the game The Elder Scrolls III: Morrowind. The Emperor Uriel Septim VII gets killed by assassins while trying to escape the Imperial City, which means that Nirn (the world) has lost its shield against the Daedra from the plane of Oblivion, which comes through the opened gates of Oblivion. The goal of the game is to find the Emperor's son, defeat the attacking Daedra, and end the invasion by shutting the gates.

The player may also join a few guilds, groups that let the player do tasks for them, and once the player has completed all of their tasks, the player is in charge of the guild. Unlike Morrowind, the player can join every guild they can get into.

Expansion
There are two Expansion Packs for Oblivion: The Elder Scrolls IV: Shivering Isles. This expansion adds a new land: The Shivering Isles ruled by crazy god Sheogorath. Here you must defend the land from invading Knights of Order, and stop their attacks. There is also The Knights of the Nine which adds yet another quest.

References

2006 video games
The Elder Scrolls
602



Events 
 A series of wars begin between the Byzantine Empire and the Sassanid Empire.

Births 
 Li Chunfeng
 Liu Rengui
 Mu'awiyah, who started the Umayyad Dynasty of caliphs (approximate date)
 Xuanzang, famous Chinese Buddhist monk
 Theodore of Tarsus, Archbishop of Canterbury (d. 690)
 Taejong muyeol of Silla, 29th King of Silla(Korean of ancient kingdom, B.C 57 – A.D 935)
 Zhiyan

Deaths 
 Empress Dugu Qieluo