cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Stockdale, Ohio

Stockdale is an unincorporated community in southern Marion Township, Pike County, Ohio, United States. Its zip code is ZIP code of 45683.

References

Unincorporated communities in Ohio
Sana Bukas pa ang Kahapon

Sana Bukas pa ang Kahapon is a Philippine television drama series. It is broadcast by ABS-CBN starring Bea Alonzo.

Cast
 Bea Alonzo as Rose Buenavista-Salvador / Atty. Emmanuelle Gaspar-Romero
 Paulo Avelino as Patrick Salvador
 Albert Martinez as Leo Romero
 Susan Roces as Ruth Gaspar
 Anita Linda as Lola Patchi
 Eddie Garcia as Magno Ruiz
 Dina Bonnevie as Laura Bayle-Buenavista
 Tonton Gutierrez as Carlos Syquia / Señor Muerte
 Maricar Reyes as Sasha Syquia-Salvador
 Miguel Vergara as Francisco Miguel "Kit" Romero
 Michelle Vito as Violet Buenavista
 Francis Magundayao as Sebastian Syquia
 Malou Crisologo as Yaya Divine
 Nikki Valdez as Rocky Gomez
 Ben Isaac as Banjo
 Angeline Quinto as Angie
 Rolly Inocencio as Buenavista family attorney
 Jong Cuenco as Mr. Abueva
 Jordan Herrera as Ramon
 Art Acuña
 Jon Lucas as Jester
 Yves Flores
 Chienna Filomeno as Pauleen
 Elisse Joson as Erica
 Paulo Angeles as Ryan
 Joem Bascon as Gerald
 Bembol Roco as Fidel de Guzman
 Chinggoy Alonzo as Henry Buenavista
 Christian Vasquez as young Henry Buenavista
 Precious Lara Quigaman as Jasmine Ruiz-Buenavista
 Dominic Ochoa as Emmanuelle's father
 Dimples Romana as Emmanuelle's mother
 William Lorenzo as Carlos' father
 Alexandra Macanan as young Rose Buenavista
 Dexie Daulat as young Emmanuelle Gaspar
 Nathaniel Britt as young Leo Romero
 Dominic Roque as teenage Leo Romero
 Yayo Aguila as young Ruth Gaspar
 Ricardo Cepeda as young Magno Ruiz
 Bangs Garcia as young adult Laura Bayle
 Ron Morales as young adult Carlos Syquia
 Yogo Singh as young Carlos Syquia

References

Other websites
Official website 

2014 Philippine television series debuts
Philippine television series
Chuck Noll

Charles Henry "Chuck" Noll (January 5, 1932 – June 13, 2014) was an American football player and coach in the National Football League (NFL). He played for Cleveland Browns from 1953 to 1959. He was the only head coach for the Pittsburgh Steelers from 1969 to 1991. He has more Super Bowl wins (4) than any other head coach in NFL history, and was elected to the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1993.

Noll was born in Cleveland, Ohio. He went to the University of Dayton on a football scolarship.

Noll died on June 13, 2014 in Sewickley, Pennsylvania, aged 82. He had Alzheimer's disease and heart disease.

References

Other websites
 Chuck Noll at Pro Football Hall of Fame

1932 births
2014 deaths
American football linebackers
American football offensive guards
Cleveland Browns players
Disease-related deaths in Pennsylvania
People with Alzheimer's disease
National Football League coaches
Sportspeople from Cleveland, Ohio
Kyrie Irving

Kyrie Andrew Irving (; born March 23, 1992) is an Australian born-American professional basketball player for the Brooklyn Nets of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He plays for the Boston Celtics of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He formerly played for the Cleveland Cavaliers. He is entering free agency in 2019. He has 2 nephews Navion Flowers and Kenyan Mackroy.

Kyrie Irving also has 2 nephews Navion Flowers and Kenyan Mackroy.

In 2016, Irving made the shot that allowed the Cavaliers to win the NBA Finals 4–3 after a 3–1 comeback to the Golden State Warriors. On Christmas Day, he made the same winning shot and helped Cleveland beat the Warriors again.

Irving was born in Melbourne, Victoria to African American parents. He grew up in West Orange, New Jersey. He went to Duke University before being selected as the 1st overall pick in the 2011 NBA draft by the Cavaliers. He is a dual citizen of Australia and the United States.

References

Other websites

 

1992 births
African-American basketball players
Australian basketball players
Cleveland Cavaliers players
Living people
Sportspeople from Melbourne
Sportspeople from New Jersey
Boston Celtics players
American basketball players
Brooklyn Nets players
H II region

An H II region is a region where huge blue stars are formed from hydrogen. They are named after the ionised atomic hydrogen which they produce: H II.

The stars form inside a large cloud of hydrogen gas. The short-lived blue stars formed in these regions give off huge amounts of ultraviolet light. This ionizes the surrounding gas. 

H II regions can be several hundred light-years across. The first known H II region was the Orion nebula, which was discovered in 1610. These regions have extremely varied shapes. They often appear clumpy and filamentary, sometimes showing bizarre shapes such as the Horsehead nebula. 

H II regions give birth to thousands of stars over several million years. Eventually, this produces a  star cluster. In the end, supernova explosions and strong stellar winds from the most massive stars blow away the gases of the H II region. This leaves behind behind a cluster of stars such as the Pleiades.

H II regions can be seen at huge distances in the universe.The study of extragalactic H II regions helps to fix the distance and chemical composition of other galaxies. 

Spiral and irregular galaxies have many H II regions, while elliptical galaxies have almost none. In spiral galaxies, like the Milky Way, H II regions are found in the spiral arms, but in the irregular galaxies they are distributed at random. 

Some galaxies have huge H II regions, with tens of thousands of stars. Examples include the 30 Doradus region in the Large Magellanic Cloud and NGC 604 in the Triangulum galaxy.

References 

nebulae
OB star

OB stars are hot, massive blue stars. They are stars of types O or B in the HertzsprungRussell diagram. 

Like other giant stars they are short lived, and do not move far from where they were formed. During their lifetime, they emit huge amounts of ultraviolet radiation. This radiation ionizes the surrounding interstellar gas of the nebula, forming an H II region.

References

Other websites
 Scientia Astrophysical Organization's star classification page.  
 Philippe Stee's homepage: Hot and active stars research

Types of stars
Sieve

A sieve is a device that is able to separate particles of different sizes. The most primitive sieve has holes of a given size, so that the particles that are smaller than the size will fall through, while those that are bigger will not. This is used in cooking to separate liquids from solids.

Tools
Grey market

A grey market (or parallel market) is a market where goods are sold legally, but outside the commonly-used channels and at lower prices. They are sold without the permission of the manufacturer. Consumers buying grey market goods risk not having warranties honored. They risk getting user guides and software in the wrong language. Packages may not include all accessories needed for a particular market. Sometimes grey market goods are sold without packaging, user guides or needed accessories. There is usually no after-sale support for products. Grey market products are often sold via the Internet without charging customers any sales tax. Products sold by grey marketers generally sell for much less than authorized dealers. This causes a loss of tax revenue to governments.

References 

Economics
Def by Temptation

Def by Temptation is a horror movie of 1990. The movie is set in New York City. It is about two friends who move in together. Samuel L. Jackson plays a father.

This movie was released in March 1990.

1990 horror movies
American horror movies
American independent movies
Consumption (economics)

Consumption is a major concept from economics. Consumers spend their all their income. Some of this income is spent on buying the products and services they need - this is called consumption. John Maynard Keynes talked about consumer spending and a consumption function which expresses how households spend their income. Different schools of economics define this consumption function differently, but they agree on the basic mechanism how consumption works. 

Economics
Dying Young

Dying Young is a 1991 American romantic drama movie. The movie is based on a novel of the same name. It is about a 28 year old leukemia patient named Victor. Julia Roberts plays Hilary, who is hired as his nurse. Ellen Burstyn plays her eccentric mother. Colleen Dewhurst plays Estelle.

It got negative reviews from the critics. It holds a 23% rating on Rotten Tomatoes. Its box office intake was high.

References

Other websites 

1991 drama movies
1991 romance movies
1990s romantic drama movies
20th Century Fox movies
American romantic drama movies
Cancer in movies
English-language movies
Movies based on books
Movies directed by Joel Schumacher
Bandy World Championship for men

The Bandy World Championship is a competition between bandy-playing nations. The tournament is administrated by the Federation of International Bandy.

Bandy has been played since the 19th century, but the first world championship for men were only played in 1957, and the first world championship for women were only played in 2004. 

Bandy was held as a demonstration sport at the 1952 Winter Olympics in Oslo. This Olympic bandy tournament had no world championship status.

The first ever Bandy World Championship was organised in 1957. It was played at the Helsinki Olympic Stadium in Finland.

From 19612003, the bandy world championship for men were played once every two years, but since 2003 the bandy world championship for men has been played once every year.

Past champions

 1957  Soviet Union
 1958 no world championship
 1959 no world championship
 1960 no world championship
 1961  Soviet Union
 1962 no world championship
 1963  Soviet Union
 1964 no world championship
 1965  Soviet Union
 1966 no world championship
 1967  Soviet Union
 1968 no world championship
 1969  Soviet Union
 1970 no world championship
 1971  Soviet Union
 1972 no world championship
 1973  Soviet Union
 1974 no world championship
 1975  Soviet Union
 1976 no world championship
 1977  Soviet Union
 1978 no world championship
 1979  Soviet Union
 1980 no world championship
 1981  Sweden
 1982 no world championship
 1983  Sweden
 1984 no world championship
 1985  Soviet Union
 1986 no world championship
 1987  Sweden
 1988 no world championship
 1989  Soviet Union
 1990 no world championship
 1991  Soviet Union
 1992 no world championship
 1993  Sweden
 1994 no world championship
 1995  Sweden
 1996 no world championship
 1997  Sweden
 1998 no world championship
 1999  Russia
 2000 no world championship
 2001  Russia
 2002 no world championship
 2003  Sweden
 2004  Finland
 2005  Sweden
 2006  Russia
 2007  Russia
 2008  Russia
 2009  Sweden
 2010  Sweden
 2011  Russia
 2012  Sweden
 2013  Russia
 2014  Russia
 2015  Russia
 2016  Russia
 2017  Sweden

Bandy
Patty Mills

Patrick Sammy "Patty" Mills (born 11 August 1988) is an Australian professional basketball player. He plays for the San Antonio Spurs of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He is the second Indigenous Australian to play basketball in the NBA (after Nathan Jawai). He is also the first person of Torres Strait Islander ancestry to play in the NBA.

Mills was born in Canberra to a Torres Strait Islander father and an Aboriginal Australian mother.

References

Other wesbsites

1988 births
Australian basketball players
Indigenous Australian sportspeople
Living people
People from Canberra
Portland Trail Blazers players
San Antonio Spurs players
Rolf M. Zinkernagel

Rolf Martin Zinkernagel AC, FAA (born January 6, 1944) is a Swiss immunologist at the University of Zurich. 

He is best known for his discovery of how the immune system recognizes virus-infected cells. For his discovery, Zinkernagel shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Peter C. Doherty in 1996.

References

1944 births
Living people
Swiss educators
Academics
Foreign Members of the Royal Society
Immunologists
Physicians
Swiss scientists
Alfred G. Gilman

Alfred Goodman Gilman (July 1, 1941 – December 23, 2015) was an American pharmacologist and biochemist. 

He is best known for his discoveries regarding G-proteins. For his discovery, Gilman won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1994. He shared the prize with Martin Rodbell

Gilman died after a long battle with pancreatic cancer in Dallas, Texas on December 23, 2015 at the age of 74.

References

1941 births
2015 deaths
Deaths from pancreatic cancer
American biochemists
Jewish American scientists
Pharmacologists
Scientists from New Haven, Connecticut
Eric F. Wieschaus

Eric Francis Wieschaus (born June 8, 1947) is an American developmental biologist. 

A lot of Wieschaus' research focuses on embryogenesis in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster and it specifically focuses on the patterning which occurs in the early Drosophila embryo. In 1995, Wieschaus shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Edward B. Lewis "for their discoveries concerning the genetic control of early embryonic development".

References

1947 births
Living people
American geneticists
American Nobel Prize winners
American developmental biologists
Scientists from Indiana
Yale University alumni
People from South Bend, Indiana
Phạm Huỳnh Tam Lang

Phạm Huỳnh Tam Lang (14 February 1942 – 2 June 2014) was a Vietnamese football player and coach. He played for the teams Cho Lon Stars, Sai Gon Port and the South Vietnam national team in a twenty year career. He would later manage  Sai Gon Port. 

Lang was born in Gò Công, French Indochina during World War II. 

Lang died from a stroke on 2 June 2014 in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, aged 75.

References

1942 births
2014 deaths
Deaths from cardiovascular disease
Deaths from stroke
Asian footballers
Vietnamese people
Ted Goulait

Theodore Lee "Ted" Goulait (August 12, 1889 – July 15, 1936) was an American baseball pitcher. He played one Major League Baseball match for the New York Giants in September 1912. He also played for many other teams in minor league competitions such as the Marion Diggers, the Springfield Reapers, the Toronto Maple Leafs, the Wilkes-Barre Barons and the Memphis Chicks. He was born in St. Clair, Michigan.

Goulait died on July 15, 1936 in his hometown of St. Clair. He was 46.

References

Other websites
 
 

1889 births
1936 deaths
American baseball players
New York Giants players
Sportspeople from Michigan
Stanley B. Prusiner

Stanley Benjamin Prusiner (born May 28, 1942) is an American neurologist and biochemist. Prusiner currently works at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) as a the director of the Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases.

Prusiner won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1997 "for his discovery of Prions - a new biological principle of infection". He also won the Albert Lasker Award for Basic Medical Research in 1994.

References

1942 births
American biochemists
Foreign Members of the Royal Society
Jewish American scientists
Living people
Scientists from Iowa
People from Des Moines, Iowa
Educators from Iowa
Nuon Chea

Nuon Chea (; 7 July 1926 – 4 August 2019 also known as Long Bunruot (), was a Cambodian former communist politician. 

Nuon Chea was the oldest living former Prime Minister (serving for a month) and the oldest of the last surviving Khmer Rouge leaders. He was the chief ideologist of the Khmer Rouge Regime and second in command of bloody Khmer Rouge regime he presided over.

Criminal charges
He received a life sentence for his crimes against humanity, alongside another top-tier Khmer Rouge leader, Khieu Samphan. Further trial convicted him of the crimes of genocide in November 2018. 

He died while appealing his sentences. His lawyers' demands for the removal of his guilty convictions upon his death failed.

Death
Nuon Chea died on 4 August 2019 at the Khmer-Soviet Friendship Hospital in Phnom Penh, aged 93. He had been hospitalized since July 2 for the lack of blood-flow to his toe which turned black and caused septic shock which led to death. 

Due to advanced age Chea's circulation was not delivering blood properly to his toe. Lack of proper circulation brought infection of his toe which eventually killed him most likely by causing sepsis of blood and eventual multiple organs failure. His body was later brought to Sala Krau, Pailin, before cremation in accordance with Buddhist tradition, religion he persecuted.

References 

1926 births
2019 deaths
Deaths from sepsis
Prime Ministers of Cambodia
Deaths from multiple organ failure
Clarion, Illinois

Clarion is an unincorporated community in Bureau County, Illinois. It is southwest from Mendota, Illinois. 

Unincorporated communities in Illinois
Géry Leuliet

Géry-Jacques-Charles Leuliet (12 January 1910 – 1 January 2015) was a French prelate of the Roman Catholic Church and the oldest bishop of the Catholic Church at 104 years of age.

Leuliet was born in Richebourg-l'Avoué. He was ordained to the priesthood on 8 July 1933, in the Roman Catholic Diocese of Arras. He was appointed Bishop of Amiens on 14 February 1963 and received his episcopal consecration on 9 May 1963.

Leuliet retired on 15 January 1985 and turned 100 on 12 January 2010 as the bishop's dean in France. Upon the death of Nguyen Van Thien on 13 May 2012, he became the oldest bishop in the world.

References

Other websites
Catholic-Hierarchy
Diocese Site  (French)

1910 births
2015 deaths
French centenarians
French Roman Catholics
Peter Leo Gerety

Peter Leo Gerety (July 19, 1912 – September 20, 2016) was an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He was Archbishop of Newark from 1974 to 1986, having previously served as Bishop of Portland (1969–74). At age 104, he was the oldest living Catholic bishop in the United States and the oldest living Catholic archbishop in the world until his death in 2016. 

He died in Totowa, New Jersey, on September 20, 2016, and was the world's oldest living Catholic bishop at the time.

References

1912 births
2016 deaths
American Roman Catholics
American centenarians
People from Connecticut
Bernard Ferdinand Popp

Bernard Ferdinand Popp (December 6, 1917 – June 27, 2014) was an American Bishop of the Roman Catholic Church. 

Popp was born in Nada, Texas in 1917. He was ordained a priest on February 24, 1943 in San Antonio, Texas. Popp was appointed Auxiliary bishop of the Archdiocese of San Antonio Texas along with Titular Bishop of Capsus on June 3, 1983 and consecrated July 25, 1983. 

Bishop Popp retired as Auxiliary bishop of San Antonio March 23, 1993. He died on June 27, 2014, aged 96.

References

1917 births
2014 deaths
American Roman Catholics
People from San Antonio, Texas
Bernard Joseph McLaughlin

Bernard Joseph McLaughlin (November 19, 1912 – January 5, 2015) was an American Bishop of the Roman Catholic Church to Buffalo, New York. He was the second oldest American Bishop behind Peter Leo Gerety of Trenton, New Jersey.

McLaughlin died at the age of 102 in Buffalo, New York.

References

1912 births
2015 deaths
American centenarians
American Roman Catholics
People from Buffalo, New York
Roman Catholic bishops
Ferid Murad

Ferid Murad (born September 14, 1936) is an American physician and pharmacologist. 

Murad is best known for his discoveries which concern the cyclic GMP as a signaling molecule in the cardiovascular system. He won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1997 for his discoveries. He shared the prize with Robert F. Furchgott and Louis Ignarro. Murad is an honorary member of the Academy of Sciences and Arts of Kosovo.

In May 2012, the Municipality of Čair proclaimed Murad as an honorary citizen. During the ceremony, Murad dedicated all of his achievements to his nation, Albania.

Related pages
 List of European scientists

References

1936 births
Living people
Pharmacologists
Scientists from Indiana
Albanian people
Ansel Elgort

Ansel Elgort (born March 14, 1994) is an American actor, singer and DJ. As an actor, he is best known for playing Tommy Ross in Carrie (2013), Caleb Prior in Divergent (2014), Augustus Waters in The Fault in Our Stars (2014) and Baby / Miles in Baby Driver (2017). As a musician, he is known by his stage name Ansølo.

Elgort was born in New York City, New York. His father is Arthur Elgort, a photographer who has worked for Vogue. His mother is Grethe Barrett Holby, an opera director. He has Russian Jewish, English, German and Norwegian ancestry. He has been dating his girlfriend, Violetta Komyshan, since high school.

References

Other websites

 Official music site
 
 

1994 births
Actors from Manhattan
American DJs
American movie actors
American stage actors
Jewish American actors
Living people
Models from Manhattan
Musicians from Manhattan
Brendan Gleeson

Brendan Gleeson (born 29 March 1955) is an Irish actor. His best-known movies include Braveheart, Gangs of New York, In Bruges, 28 Days Later, Troy, the Harry Potter movies, The Guard, the role of Michael Collins in The Treaty and as Knuckles in Paddington 2.

References

1955 births
Living people
Irish movie actors
Irish television actors
Irish stage actors
Irish voice actors
Actors from Dublin
Macon, Missouri

Macon is a city in Macon County, Missouri, United States. The population was 5,500 at the 2012 census. It is the county seat of Macon County.

County seats in Missouri
Cities in Missouri
Louis Ignarro

Louis J. Ignarro (born May 31, 1941) is an American pharmacologist.

Ignarro is best known for his discoveries which concern the nitric oxide as a signaling molecule in the cardiovascular system. He won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1998 for his discoveries. He shared the prize with Robert F. Furchgott and Ferid Murad. Due to nitric oxide indirectly being involved in the action of Viagra, he is sometimes referred to as the "Father of Viagra".

Ignarro is an avid cyclist and marathoner, he has completed 13 marathons. He is married and lives in Beverly Hills, California.

References

Other websites
Official website

1941 births
Living people
Pharmacologists
Scientists from New York City
Seoul Metropolitan Subway

Seoul Metropolitan Subway, often called the Seoul Subway, is a rail transit system of underground trains and commuter trains that connects Seoul to nearby suburbs.

The system has 22 lines that are named after numbers (Line 1, Line 2, all the way to Line 9). It also has Gyeongui Line, Bundang Line, Shinbundang Line, A'REX, Jungang Line, Gyeongchun Line, Suin Line, Incheon Line 1, Everline, and U Line.

Since 2010, all stations have smartphone-like 46-inch touchscreen kiosks so passengers can look at maps, make free phone calls, and find tourist information. All lines use special RFID cards, such as T-money, or NFC technology where passengers can pay fees.

Lines in Service

Related pages
 Busan subway

Railway stations in South Korea
Meshach Taylor

Meshach Taylor (April 11, 1947 – June 28, 2014) was an American actor. He is best known for his Emmy Award-nominated role as Anthony Bouvier on the CBS hit sitcom Designing Women (1986–1993). He also played Hollywood Montrose, a flamboyant window dresser, in the romantic comedy movie Mannequin (1987).

Taylor was born in Boston, Massachusetts to African American parents. He was raised in New Orleans, Louisiana. He graduated from Florida A&M University in 1993. Until his death, he had been married to actress, Bianca Ferguson since 1983. They had four children (three daughters and a son).

Taylor died from colorectal cancer on June 28, 2014 in Altadena, California, aged 67. The cancer was terminal.

References

Other websites

 
 

1947 births
2014 deaths
Actors from Boston, Massachusetts
Actors from New Orleans, Louisiana
African American actors
American movie actors
American stage actors
American television actors
Cancer deaths in the United States
Deaths from colorectal cancer
Amanda Bay

Amanda Bay, also sometimes known as Hovde Cove, is a bay on Princess Elizabeth Land in East Antarctica. It opens to the north into Prydz Bay on the Ingrid Christensen Coast. It was named in 1957 for the daughter of RAAF Squadron Leader Peter Clemence.

The bay is a breeding colony for Emperor Penguins.

Geography of Antarctica
Princess Elizabeth Land

Princess Elizabeth Land is part of Antartica. It is located between longitude 73° east and Cape Penck 87°43' east. It includes the land from latitude 64°56'S and the South Pole. It is divided into two sectors:
 Ingrid Christensen Coast, 73°35'E to 81°24'E
 Leopold and Astrid Coast 81°24'E to 87°43'E
It is bounded on the west by Mac. Robertson Land and on the east by Kaisar Wilhelm II Land.

The land was discovered in 1931. It was named after Princess Elizabeth of the United Kingdom, who later became Queen Elizabeth II.

It is part of the Australian Antarctic Territory.

Geography of Antarctica
Cape Penck

Cape Penck is an ice-covered point on the coast of Antartica. Cape Penck is just east of Philippi Glacier. It separates the Leopold and Astrid Coast from the Kaiser Wilhelm II Coast. It was named for Albrecht Penck, who was a German geographer.

References 

Geography of Antarctica
East Antarctica

East Antarctica, also called Greater Antarctica, is the largest part (two-thirds) of the Antarctic continent. It is on the Indian Ocean side of the Transantarctic Mountains. It is the coldest, windiest, and driest part of Earth. East Antarctica holds the record as the coldest place on earth.

East Antartica includes the following areas: Coats Land, Queen Maud Land, Enderby Land, Kemp Land, Mac. Robertson Land, Princess Elizabeth Land, Kaiser Wilhelm II Land, Queen Mary Land, Wilkes Land, Adélie Land, George V Land, Oates Land and Victoria Land. All but a small portion of this region lies within the Eastern Hemisphere.

References 

Geography of Antarctica
The Big Bang Theory (season 1)

The Big Bang Theory's first season began on September 24, 2007. It ended on May 19, 2008. It has 17 episodes.

Episodes

Dr. Leonard Hofstadter (from New Jersey) and Dr. Sheldon Cooper (from Texas) are physicists. In the first episode, Penny moves to the apartment across the hall from them. Penny is a waitress from Nebraska. Leonard wants to start a relationship with her but she wants to be friends.

Howard Wolowitz is an engineer. He enjoys sex but does not want a relationship. Dr. Raj Koothrappali is an astrophysicist from India. He has selective mutism — he cannot talk to women.

References

2007 in American television
2007 television seasons
2008 in American television
2008 television seasons
Lists of television series episodes
American television seasons
Active galactic nucleus

An active galactic nucleus (AGN) is a compact region at the centre of a galaxy. This central region radiates huge luminosity over the electromagnetic spectrum.  The radiation from an AGN is thought to be caused by mass dragged in by the gravitational pull of a supermassive black hole at the centre of the host galaxy.

This electromagnetic radiation is observed in the radio, microwaves, infrared, optical, ultra-violet, X-ray and gamma ray wavebands. 

A galaxy hosting an AGN is called an active galaxy. AGN are the most luminous and persistent sources of electromagnetic radiation in the universe. They can be used to discover distant objects. All theories about  the cosmos have to account for AGNs. They are one of the basic facts about the universe.

So-called relativistic jets are extremely powerful jets of plasma which come from some AGNs, notably radio galaxies and quasars. Their lengths can reach several thousand or even hundreds of thousands of light years.

References 

Cosmology
Mirande

Mirande () is a commune in the Gers department, of which it is a subprefecture, in the Occitanie region, southwestern France. It is the administrative center of the arrondissement of Mirande and of the canton of Mirande-Astarac.

History
Mirande was founded in 1281 near the village of Saint-Jean de Lezian by the abbot Berdoues and by Bernhard IV, Count of Astarac. The town was built as a bastide (a fortified town). Miranda became, in 1297, the capital of the County of Astarac.

Mirande was surrounded by a wall with four city gates; the wall was destroyed during the 19th century.

Since 17 February 1800, Mirande is the capital of the arrondissement of Mirande.

Geography
Mirande is a commune found along the Baïse river in the Astarac, a natural region that is part of Gascony.

The commune has an area of  and its average altitude is ; at the city hall, the altitude is .

Mirande is at  from Auch,  from Toulouse,  from Tarbes and  from Lourdes.

Mirande is surrounded by the following communes, all of them part of the arrondissement of Mirande: Estipouy and Mouchès to the north, Miramont-d'Astarac to the northeast, Idrac-Respaillès to the east, Saint-Médard to the southeast, Berdoues to the south, Saint-Martin and Monclar-sur-Losse to the west and Montesquiou to the northwest.

Climate
The climate of Mirande, in the Köppen climate classification, is Cfb - Oceanic climate with template summers.

Population
The inhabitants of Mirande are known, in French, as Mirandais (women: Mirandaises).

With a population of 3,527 (2014), Mirande has a population density of  inhabitants/km2.

Evolution of the population in Mirande

Gallery

Sister cities
Mirande is twinned with:
  Korntal-Münchingen, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
  L'Eliana, Valencia, Spain
  San Mauro Torinese, Piedmont, Italy
  Tubize, Walloon Brabant, Belgium

Related pages
 Arrondissement of Mirande
 Communes of the Gers department

References

Other websites

 City Council website 
 Office de Tourisme - Miranda

Subprefectures in France
Communes in Gers
Daniel Bovet

Daniel Bovet ForMemRS (23 March 1907 – 8 April 1992) is an Swiss-born Italian pharmacologist.

Bovet won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1957 "for his discoveries relating to synthetic compounds that inhibit the action of certain body substances, and especially their action on the vascular system and the skeletal muscles".

In 1965, he was the leader of a study team which came to the conclusion that smoking of tobacco cigarettes increased users' intelligence. He later told The New York Times that the objective was not to "create geniuses, but only [to] put the less-endowed individual in a position to reach a satisfactory mental and intellectual development".

References

1907 births
1992 deaths
Italian scientists
Neuroscientists
Protestants
Swiss scientists
Italian Nobel Prize winners
Baïse

The Baïse or Grande Baïse () is a French river that flows through the Hautes-Pyrénées, Gers and Lot-et-Garonne departments, in the Occitanie and Nouvelle-Aquitaine regions.

The river's source is in the Pyrenees and is a left tributary of the Garonne river. In general, it flows from south to north.

Geography
The Baïse river has a length of  and a drainage basin with an area of .

Its average yearly discharge is  at Nérac, a small town of the Lot-et-Garonne department that is at about  of the confluence with the Garonne river. The largest discharges are during winter and spring, with  in February.

Average monthly discharge (m3/s) at Nérac

Course
The source of the Baïse is on the Plateau de Lannemezan, in the Capvern commune (Hautes-Pyrénées), at an altitude of about .

The Baïse flows through 2 regions, 3 departments and 52 communes. Some of the communes are:
 Occitanie region
 Hautes-Pyrénées : Lannemezan, Trie-sur-Baïse
 Gers : Mirande, Castéra-Verduzan, Valence-sur-Baïse, Condom
 Nouvelle-Aquitaine region
 Lot-et-Garonne : Moncrabeau, Nérac, Lavardac, Buzet-sur-Baïse

Finally, it flows into the Garonne river at Saint-Léger (Lot-et-Garonne), at  of altitude.

Main tributaries 
 Left tributaries
 Gélise - 92 km;
 Right tributaries
 Baïsole - 47 km;
 Petite Baïse - 74.8 km;
 Auloue - 45.3 km;

Gallery

Related pages
 List of rivers of France

References

Other websites

 Banque Hydro - MEDDE, «Synthèse de la Banque Hydro - (O6692910)» 
 Histoire & Patrimoine des Rivières & Canaux - Rivière Baïse 
 River Baïse: Cruising in Detail

Rivers of France
Occitanie
Nouvelle-Aquitaine
Niels Kaj Jerne

Niels Kaj Jerne FRS (December 23, 1911 – October 7, 1994) was a Danish immunologist.

Jerne won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Georges J. F. Köhler and César Milstein in 1957. They won it "[f]or theories concerning the specificity in development and control of the immune system and the discovery of the principle for production of monoclonal antibodies".

According to Jerne's biographer Thomas Söderqvist, Jerne did not play the role of a bench scientist, he could not pipette accurately, and he did not enjoy experimental work. Jerne's Nobel Prize was awarded for theories, rather than discoveries. He developed the "natural selection theory of immunology," which was proposed by Paul Ehrlich 50 years earlier, although he was missing the clonal selection element proposed by David Talmage and later by Frank Macfarlane Burnet. James Watson had told Jerne that his theory "stinks."

He was married three times and had two sons, Ivar Jerne (born 1936) and Donald Jerne (born 1941), with Tjek Jerne. He had a third son, Andreas Wettstein, with Gertrud Wettstein, in 1971. According to Söderqvist, his wife Tjek was distraught when she had found out that Niels was having an affair with her best friend, Adda Sundsig-Hansen. Tjek had told Adda about her own affairs, and Adda then told Neils about them too. After hearing this, Niels demanded a divorce. Tjek begged him to stay but he refused. She would then kill herself. Her son Ivar had woken up in the morning, smelled gas, and found his mother dead by the oven. His second wife was treated as a servant and nanny by Jerne. He was regularly unfaithful to his wives, and even though he was not physically handsome, he had attracted women by his charm as a conversationalist and his skills in the arts of love, which included a liking for sadism.

References

1911 births
1994 deaths
Danish scientists
Fellows of the Royal Society
Immunologists
Medical researchers
People from Rotterdam
Physicians
Scientists from London
Danish Nobel Prize winners
George Davis Snell

George Davis Snell (December 19, 1903 – June 6, 1996) was an American mouse geneticist and basic transplant immunologist.

Snell won the Wolf Prize in Medicine in 1978. He won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1980 with Baruj Benacerraf and Jean Dausset. They won it "for their discoveries concerning genetically determined structures on the cell surface that regulate immunological reactions". Snell specifically "discovered the genetic factors that determine the possibilities of transplanting tissue from one individual to another. It was Snell who introduced the concept of H antigens."

Snell was born on December 19, 1903 in Bradford, Massachusetts. He was the youngest of three children. In 1926, Snell received a Bachelor's degree from Dartmouth College. After recommendation by John Gerould, his genetics professor at Dartmouth, Snell completed graduate work at Harvard University where he worked with William E. Castle. In 1930, Snell earned his PhD from Harvard. After he earned his PhD, he worked at Brown University from 1930 to 1931. After he left, he spent two years at the University of Texas as a postdoctoral fellow. He worked with H. J. Muller, a pioneer of radiation genetics (and later, a Nobel Prize winner). Snell worked at WUSTL as a teacher from 1933 to 1934. After he had some short stints as a teacher, Snell joined the Jackson Laboratory staff in Bar Harbor, Maine and spent the rest of his life there. He died on June 6, 1996 in Bar Harbor, Maine.

References

1903 births
1996 deaths
American geneticists
American Nobel Prize winners
Harvard University alumni
American immunologists
Scientists from Maine
Scientists from Massachusetts
Wolf Prize winners
Allan McLeod Cormack

Allan MacLeod Cormack (February 23, 1924 – May 7, 1998) was a South African American Physicist. He is best known for his work on X-ray computed tomography (CT). He won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1979 for his work. He shared the prize with Godfrey Hounsfield.

Life
Cormack was born on February 23, 1924 in Johannesburg, South Africa. During his early years, he attended the Rondebosch Boys' High School in Cape Town, and was a member of the debating and tennis teams. In 1944, Cormack received his BSc in physics from the University of Cape Town and in 1945, he received his MSc in crystallography in 1945 from the university. From 1947 to 1949, he attended University of Cambridge as a research student. While there, he met Barbara Seavey, an American physics student. Comack and Seavey would later get married.

After they got married, Cormack returned to lecture at the University of Cape Town in early 1950. After he took a break at Harvard from 1956 to 1957, Cormack and Seavey moved to the United States. He would then take a job as a professor at Tufts University in 1957. In 1966, he became a naturalized citizen of the United States. Even though he was mostly working on particle physics, he had a side interest in x-ray technology which led him to develop the theoretical underpinnings of CT scanning. The work that he did on this started at the University of Cape Town and Groote Schuur Hospital in early 1956. It continued shortly in mid-1957 after he returned from his break. His results were afterwards published in two papers in the Journal of Applied Physics in 1963 and 1964. The papers that had been published drew hardly any interest until the first CT scanner was built by Hounsfield and colleagues in 1971 which took Cormack's theoretical calculations into a real application. He was then the recipient of the 1979 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine which he shared with Godfrey Hounsfield. In 1990, he was awarded the National Medal of Science.

Cormack and his wife had three children; Margaret, Jean and Robert. Cormack died on May 7, 1998 in Winchester, Massachusetts from cancer. On December 10, 2002, Cormack was posthumously awarded the Order of Mapungubwe for his outstanding achievements as a scientist and for co-inventing the CT scanner.

References

1924 births
1998 deaths
American biophysicists
Cancer deaths in the United States
Harvard University alumni
Inventors
People from Johannesburg
Scientists from Massachusetts
South African Nobel Prize winners
South African scientists
White South African people
Tropical Storm Amelia (1978)

Tropical Storm Amelia was a very weak tropical cyclone. The storm caused major flooding across Texas. It formed on July 30, 1978. The storm made its landfall near Corpus Christi as a weak tropical storm. Flooding from Amelia caused $110 million in damage. Almost three dozen people died as a result of Amelia.

Amelia
1978 in the United States
1970s in Texas
Peter Harvey

Peter Michael St Clair Harvey (16 September 1944 – 2 March 2013) was an Australian journalist and broadcaster. He worked for the Nine Network for 38 years.

Career
Harvey began his career in journalism for the newspaper The Daily Telegraph. He won a Walkley Award in 1964.

Harvey soon moved to radio journalism. He worked at radio stations 2UE and 2GB. He later moved to London, England and worked for BBC Radio. He then went on to The Guardian as where he won many awards. During the 1960s and/or early 1970s, he worked for Newsweek magazine in the United States. Here he worked as a reporter in Vietnam during the Vietnam War.

In 1973, he returned to Australia to work for the Nine Network on television. During his early years at the network, he was a news director and reporter in Canberra for Nine News. He also worked for 60 Minutes.

In 2001, he won a Centenary Medal. In April 2014, he was added to the Logie Hall of Fame.

Personal life
Harvey was born in Bellevue Hill near Bondi in Sydney, New South Wales. He was married to Anne and had two children: a daughter (Claire) and a son (Adam). Both of his children went into journalism careers.

Illness and death
In August 2012, Harvey was holidaying in Venice, Italy with his wife, when he found out that he had pancreatic cancer. It was made public on 11 October 2012.

Harvey died on 2 March 2013 at the North Shore Private Hospital in St Leonards, Sydney. He was 68.

References

Other websites
 

1944 births
2013 deaths
Australian journalists
Australian radio personalities
Australian television presenters
Cancer deaths in New South Wales
Deaths from pancreatic cancer
Writers from Sydney
Deep Web

The Deep Web is the part of the World Wide Web you can not search on common search websites such as Google. The part you can search is called the Surface Web. The first person who used the term "Deep Web" was Mike Bergman, a computer scientist, in the year 2000. 

Some people think that "darknet" and "Dark Web" are the same thing as Deep Web, but they are not. Let's explain what they mean:

A darknet is a type of computer network (this means a connection between many computers, such as the Internet) that is private or closed. It is sometimes difficult to access a darknet. You would need to know a password, use specific computer programs, change the configuration of your web browser and many other things, depending on what network you are trying to access. Tor is an example of a darknet used by many people.

The Dark Web is the part of the World Wide Web located in darknets. Since no darknet can be found by Google or any other search website, the entire Dark Web is also part of the Deep Web. Thus, the Dark Web exists inside the Deep Web but is not the same thing as it.

In common networks, the Internet Protocols (IPs) of all users are in most cases visible. The Internet Protocol is an important information that reveals, among other things, the location where the user is accessing the Internet from. In darknets, the IPs are hidden, invisible or very difficult to find. This makes many people access darknets because they do not want the others to know this information about them, such as where they are. In other words, they access darknets to have privacy. 

There are many reasons people want privacy in the Internet. One of them is to do things forbidden by governments, such as piracy (which means sharing files protected by copyright laws).

References

Internet
Bee-eater

The bee-eaters are a group of land birds in the family Meropidae.

They live in the Old World and Australasia: Africa, Asia, Europe, Australia, and New Guinea. They have richly coloured plumage and slender bodies. They have long downturned bills and pointed wings, which give them a swallow-like appearance. There are 26 different species of bee-eaters.

As the name suggests, bee-eaters eat flying insects, especially bees and wasps. They catch them in the air by darting from a perch. The birds only catch prey which is flying: they ignore flying insects once they land.

Mostly, they eat honeybees. Hymenoptera (ants, bees and wasps) make up from 20% to 96% of all insects eaten. Before eating its meal, a bee-eater removes the sting by repeatedly hitting and rubbing the insect on a hard surface. The bird squeezes out most of the venom.

Bee-eaters live together. They form colonies by nesting in burrows tunnelled into the side of sandy banks, such as those that have collapsed on the edges of rivers. Many of these holes occur together.

Most of the species in the family are monogamous, and both parents care for the young, sometimes with the assistance of other birds in the colony, a behaviour rather unusual for birds.

Nyctyornis
Meropogon
Merops

References 

Coraciiformes
Birds of Australia
Birds of Oceania
Summer of '69

"Summer of '69" is the fifth single off Canadian rock musician Bryan Adams' fourth studio album Reckless. The song was released in June 1985. 

When Adams appeared on The Early Show in 2008, he revealed that the song was about sex and making love in the summertime. He also said that "69" was a reference to the sexual position, 69. It is one of Adams' most well known songs and is one of his most successful. It won the BMI (Broadcast Music Inc.) Citation of Achievement for US radio airplay in 1985. In 1986, it won the Procan Award (Performing Rights Organization of Canada) for Canadian radio airplay and in 2000 it won a Socan Classics Award for more than 100,000 Canadian radio performances.

References

Other websites
"Summer of '69" on YouTube

1984 songs
Bryan Adams songs
Dermot Healy

Dermot Healy (18 July 1947 – 29 June 2014) was an Irish novelist, playwright, poet, short story writer and actor. His best known fictional novels were A Goat's Song (1994), Sudden Times (1999) and Long Time, No See (2011). His best known work of poetry was A Fool's Errand (2010). He was a member of Aosdána. He was also an actor and appeared in the movies I Could Read the Sky (1999), Mapmaker (2001) and The Guard (2011). He was a member of Aosdána.

Healy was called a "master", a "Celtic Hemingway" and as "Ireland's finest living novelist". Writers to have spoken highly of him are Seamus Heaney, Eugene McCabe, Roddy Doyle, Patrick McCabe and Anne Enright.

Healy was born in Finnea, County Westmeath. In his late teens he moved to London, England, before returning to Ireland.

Healy died on 29 June 2014 in Sligo, County Sligo, aged 66. His wife and two children outlived him.

Referances

Other websites
 
 Dermot Healy at Aosdána
 Dermot Healy  at Irish Writers Online

1947 births
2014 deaths

Irish movie actors
Irish novelists
Irish playwrights
Irish poets
Damian D'Oliveira

Damian Basil "Dolly" D'Oliveira (19 October 1960 – 29 June 2014) was a South African-born English cricketer. He played first-class cricket for Worcestershire from 1982 to 1995. He was later the academy director of Worcestershire County Cricket Club until his death.

D'Oliveira was born in Cape Town. His father, Basil (1931–2011), played for Worcestershire and England. His uncle, Ivan (born 1941), played for Leicestershire. His son, Brett (born 1992), plays for Worcestershire.

D'Oliveira died from cancer on 29 June 2014, aged 53. He had cancer for two-and-a-half-years. His wife and three children outlived him.

References

Other websites
 Damian D'Oliveira at Cricinfo

1960 births
2014 deaths
English cricketers
Cancer deaths in England
People from Cape Town
South African sportspeople
Sportspeople from Worcestershire
Verulamium

Verulamium was an ancient town in Roman Britain. It was in the southwest of the modern city of St Albans in Hertfordshire. 

Much of the Roman city is unexcavated, with the modern city built over it. The ancient Watling Street passed through Verulamium, which was one of the most important towns in Roman Britain. Much of the site and its environs is now a scheduled ancient monument.

Before the Romans, it was a settlement of the Catuvellauni tribe, which  called it Verlamion. It was among the first places in Britain recorded by name. 

Verulamium was burnt to the ground and its people slaughtered by Boudica of the Iceni in AD 61. A black ash layer has been found, confirming the Roman written record. The town was rebuilt, and grew to about  by the early 3rd century. It was defended by a deep ditch and wall. 

It is the location of the martyrdom of the first British martyr saint, St Alban, who was a Roman patrician converted to Christianity.

Verulamium had a Roman Forum, a basilica and a Roman theatre. Much was damaged by fires in AD 155 and AD 250. The town was rebuilt in stone rather than timber at least twice over the next 150 years. Occupation by the Romans ended between 400 and 450.

There are a few remains of the Roman city visible, such as parts of the city walls, a hypocaust (heating system) still in place under a mosaic floor. Remains of the theatre are on land belonging to the Earl of Verulam. More remains are under the nearby agricultural land, and have never been excavated.

References 

Ancient Rome
Hertfordshire
Christian Führer

Christian Führer (5 March 1943 – 30 June 2014) was a German Protestant pastor. He was one of the main figures and organisers of the 1989 Monday demonstrations in East Germany. This led to the German reunification and the end of East Germany in 1990.

Führer was born in Leipzig, Saxony. He grew up in Penig. He studied theology at the University of Leipzig from 1961 until 1966. He retired from his job as a pastor in 2008.

Führer died from respiratory failure caused by lung disease on 30 June 2014 in Leipzig, aged 71.

References

Other websites

 

1943 births
2014 deaths
Anti-Communists
Christian ministers
Deaths from respiratory failure
Disease-related deaths in Germany
East German people
German political activists
German Lutherans
People from Leipzig