cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Converter (metallurgy)

A converter is a chemical reactor which turns raw iron into steel. 

Raw iron called pig iron which is the product of blast furnace, contains up to 4% of carbon. It is too hard and brittle for meaningful use. The carbon must first be burned off the iron to produce steel. This process is called conversion and the reactor a converter.

The first converter was invented by Sir Henry Bessemer in 1856. He built a pear-shaped large vessel with nozzles (tuyeres) for air in the bottom. Hot molten pig iron from blast furnace was poured in the converter, and then air was pumped in at the bottom with high pressure. The result was a loud noise and a flame of up to 20 metres off the mouth of the converter. After ten minutes all the pig iron had become steel. The Bessemer converter was the first successful reactor on converting pig iron into steel, and the era of steel began. Steel was now plentiful and cheap.

However, steel becomes better if only oxygen is blown in. Air contains nitrogen, which is harmful for some steel grades. A modern converter called basic oxygen furnace uses pure oxygen instead of air. It was invented 1949 in Austria.

The modern basic oxygen converter is a large pumpkin-shape vessel which is made from steel and lined with refractories such as calcium oxide and magnesium oxide line so the vessel can withstand the high temperature of molten metal. 

Molten pig iron and scrap are loaded in the converter. The scrap usually is rusty and contains oxygen, so some of the rust reacts with the pig iron, burning the carbon away and creating heat which melts the scrap. Once all scrap has melted, a special pipe called "oxygen lance" is lowered in the pig iron, and a very fast and sharp blow of oxygen is blasted in. The oxygen burns all the carbon away and mixes the liquid steel thoroughly. Once all carbon has been burned away, some extra carbon is inserted to raise the contents to desired level. The result is liquid steel, which is then tapped away and taken to rolling mill to produce steel products.
Industries
St Neot (Cornwall)

St Neot is a parish and village in Cornwall, United Kingdom. It is between the towns of Bodmin and Liskeard. The parish is named after the Saxon monk, Saint Neot (who also gives his name to St Neots in Cambridgeshire). On the northern side the parish includes part of Bodmin Moor and hamlets in the parish include Draynes, Ley and Pantersbridge.

During the English Civil War St Neot was staunchly Royalist. To commemorate this, each year on Oak Apple Day (29 May), an oak branch is mounted on the top of the church tower.

The early medieval church building must have been smaller than the one in existence today and the church was rebuilt in granite in the 15th century. The fine stained glass windows are from about 1500.
The stained glass is partly original and partly from a restoration done by John Hedgeland, ca. 1830.

References

More information

 St Neot Village website 

Villages in Cornwall
The Lizard

The Lizard is a peninsula in south Cornwall, United Kingdom. The most southerly point of the British mainland is near Lizard Point at . Lizard village, the most southerly village on the British mainland, is in Landewednack, the most southerly parish.

The peninsula measures approximately  x . It is southwest of Falmouth ten miles (16 km) east of Penzance.

The name "Lizard" is most probably a corruption of the Cornish name "Lys Ardh", meaning "high court". The name is not connected to the rock called serpentinite which is found here.

The Lizard's coast is particularly hazardous to shipping and the seaways round the peninsula were historically known as the "Graveyard of Ships". The Lizard Lighthouse was built at Lizard Point in 1752 and the RNLI operates The Lizard lifeboat station.

Geography

The parishes on the peninsula proper are (west to east):
Northern parishes:
 Gunwalloe
 Cury
 Mawgan-in-Meneage
 St Martin-in-Meneage
 Manaccan
 St Anthony-in-Meneage
Southern parishes:
 Mullion
 Grade-Ruan
 St Keverne
 Landewednack
Four parishes and part of a fifth in the northeast belong to a district known as the Meneage (pronounced to rhyme with "vague"); from west to east these are Mawgan-in-Meneage (part), St Martin in Meneage, Manaccan, St Anthony-in-Meneage, and (south of the Helford River) St Keverne.

Geology 
The peninsula's geology is the best preserved example of an exposed ophiolite in the United Kingdom. An ophiolite is a group of geological formations which represent a slice through a section of ocean crust thrust onto the continental crust. Geologists have identified these three parts of the rock: the serpentinites, the "oceanic complex" and the metamorphic basement.

Ecology 
Several nature sites exist on the Lizard Peninsula including Predannack nature reserve, Mullion Island, and Goonhilly Downs. An area of the Lizard coverning  is designated a National Nature Reserve because of its coastal grasslands and heaths and inland heaths.

The Lizard contains some of the most specialised plants of any area in Britain, including many endangered species.

References

Geography of Cornwall
Geology
Peninsulas
St Blazey

St Blazey is a small town in Cornwall, United Kingdom, in the civil parish of St Blaise. The name St Blaise is also used by the town council. The population in the 2001 census was 6632.

St Blazey is  east of St Austell. Once an important engineering centre for the local mine and railway industries, the parish is now dominated by the Eden Project.

Historically copper and tin were mined in and around the parish, whilst more recently china clay has been the principal commodity mined. The port of Par Harbour, which is in the parish, was built to make transporting these minerals easier. The Cornwall Minerals Railway, which had a depot and station in the town, was also used to move them.

The Eden Project is within the civil parish, and about  from the centre of the town. The large number of visitors this attracts has led to the development of tourism in the town.

References

Towns in Cornwall
The Alchemist Discovering Phosphorus

The Alchemist Discovering Phosphorus is a painting by Joseph Wright of Derby which was finished in 1771, then redone 1795. The full title of the painting is "The Alchymist, in Search of the Philosopher’s Stone, Discovers Phosphorus, and prays for the successful Conclusion of his operation, as was the custom of the Ancient Chymical Astrologers". 

The picture shows an alchemist trying to produce the rare Philosopher's Stone, which could turn metal into gold, but instead, to his surprise, he finds phosphorus. The picture has provoked many different understandings. The picture moved with Wright to Italy in 1773-1775, came back to England, was redone in 1795, but was only sold four years after his death. It is on show at the Derby Museum and Art Gallery. A story was often printed in popular chemical books in Wright’s lifetime, and was widely known.

References 

1770s paintings
Collections of Derby Museum and Art Gallery
British paintings
1771
Communes of the Vienne department

The following is a list of the 281 communes of the Vienne département in France.

(CAP) Communauté d'agglomération de Poitiers, created in 2000.
(CAC) Communauté d'agglomération du Pays Châtelleraudais, created in 2001.

Vienne
Épinal

Épinal is a commune. It is the prefecture of the Vosges department in the Lorraine region.

Communes in Vosges
Departmental capitals in France
Window (computing)

In computing, a window is an area on a computer screen. This area usually shows an application or folder. Windows can be made bigger or smaller, and can be opened or closed. They can also be minimized. They are usually in the shape of a rectangle.

Windows are very obvious in graphical user interfaces as they are the main means of displaying information to users. The most famous of these is the appropriately named "Windows" operating system made by Microsoft.

References

Computers
Communes of the Vosges department

The following is a list of the 515 communes of the Vosges département in France.

Vosges
Cergy

Cergy is a commune. It is found in the Val-d'Oise department in France.

References

Other websites

  

Communes in Val-d'Oise
Departmental capitals in France
Communes of the Val-d'Oise department

The following is a list of the 185 communes of the Val-d'Oise département in France.

(CAM) Communauté d'agglomération de la Vallée de Montmorency, created in 2002.
(CAS) Communauté d'agglomération Val de France, created in 2002.
(CAF) Communauté d'agglomération Val et Forêt, created in 2004.
(CACP) Communauté d'agglomération de Cergy-Pontoise, created in 2004.

Val-d'Oise
LMFAO (group)

LMFAO was an American electro hop band. The members are Redfoo and SkyBlu. Redfoo is the eighth and youngest son of Berry Gordy, Jr. who is the founder of Motown and SkyBlu is Gordy, Jr.'s grandson. They commonly refer to their music as "party rock". Their group name comes from the acronym LMFAO which means "Laughing My Fucking Ass Off".

Discography
Studio albums
Party Rock (2009)
Sorry for Party Rocking (2011)

Singles
I'm in Miami Bitch (2008)
La La La (2009)
Shots (featuring Lil Jon) (2009)
Yes (2009)
Party Rock Anthem (featuring Lauren Bennett and GoonRock) (2011)
Champagne Showers (featuring Natalia Kills) (2011)
Sexy and I Know It (2011)
Sorry for Party Rocking (2012)

Extended Plays
Party Rock (2000)

Other websites 

LMFAO on Myspace

2006 establishments in the United States
2000s American music groups
2010s American music groups
Hip hop bands
Musical groups established in 2006
Musical groups from Los Angeles
Party Rock

Party Rock is the debut studio album by American electro hop duo, LMFAO. The album was released on July 7, 2009. The album was nominated for Best Electronic/Dance Album at the 52nd Grammy Awards but lost to Lady Gaga's The Fame. The EP version was released on iTunes on July 1, 2008.

Track listing

Reception
The album peaked at #33 on the Billboard 200 and peaked at #31 on the UK Dance Chart.

References

2009 albums
I'm in Miami Bitch

"I'm in Miami Bitch'" (also known by the clean title "I'm in Miami Trick") is a 2008 Electro hop/alternative hip hop/dance song by American electro hop group, LMFAO. The song was the theme song for the television show Kourtney and Khloé Take Miami, The "New York" version was used for the television show Kourtney and Kim Take New York and the song was featured in a commercial on the show CSI: Miami. The lyrics to the song is usually changed depending on which city LMFAO performs in (for example "I'm in Chicago Bitch").

The song reached #27 on the Australian Singles Chart, #27 on the U.S. Billboard Pop Songs, #37 on the Canadian Hot 100 and #51 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100.

2008 songs
Hip hop songs
Eye bolt

An eye bolt is a screw with a loop on one end and threads on the other end. Eye bolts are commonly used to attach cables to objects, for instance attaching a string to the back of a painting to allow the painting to hang from a nail on a wall.

Hardware (mechanical)
Strepsiptera

Strepsiptera is a order of insects, any of about 600 species of small insects that are notable for their bizarre form of parasitism. Strepsipterans are parasitic in planthoppers, leafhoppers, treehoppers, froghoppers, bees, and other insects.

Description 
Mature females are usually wingless and saclike, whereas the males have large, fanlike hindwings, short, clublike forewings, bulging eyes, and comblike antennae.

Insects
Snakefly

The Snakeflies (Raphidioptera) are a small order of Endopterygote insects. They are closely related to the Megaloptera and Neuroptera. 

There are about 210 living species. They are easily recognized by their small head and long 'neck', which is actually the elongated prothorax. 

The snakefly, about 15 mm (0.6 inch) long, has two pairs of similar, net-veined wings, long antennae, and chewing mouthparts. The female lays eggs with a long ovipositor.

Life cycle 
The life cycle includes egg, larva, pupa, and adult. The active and carnivorous larvae live beneath loose tree bark. The snakefly is found on every continent except Australia and may be beneficial to humans because it destroys the larvae and pupae of other insects.

References 

Insects
Lusk, Wyoming

Lusk is an American city in the state of Wyoming. It is in Niobrara County where it is the county seat. The city has a population of about 1,447 people. The Wyoming Women's Center of the Wyoming Department of Corrections is in Lusk.

References

Other websites
Official City of Lusk website

Cities in Wyoming
County seats in Wyoming
Howard Temin

Howard Martin Temin (December 10, 1934 – February 9, 1994) was an American geneticist. He shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for 1975 with David Baltimore and Renato Dulbecco. He showed that certain tumor viruses carried the enzymatic ability to reverse the flow of information from RNA back to DNA using reverse transcriptase. He was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

References

1934 births
1994 deaths
American geneticists
American Nobel Prize winners
Scientists from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Hugo Meisl

Hugo Meisl (16 November 1881, Maleschau, Bohemia - 17 February 1937) was an Austrian football player, coach, referee and football official. He was coach of the so-called Wunderteam.

Biography
Meisl was born in the Bohemian part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. He was born to a Jewish family. At the age of 12, he went to Vienna and developed an interest in the new football sport in Austria. He became member of the Vienna Cricket and Football-Club in 1895 but did not play regularly, because he was often out of the country for schooling. He became a bank clerk in 1905 and started his career as football official.

Meisl got a job as an administrator with the Austrian Football Association when he was in his early 40s. He became General Secretary. As referee, he led 16 international matches under them matches at the 1912 Winter Olympics in Stockholm. Due to his command of eight languages, he became Austria's representative for FIFA.

Meisl had the longest career as team coach for Austria. He was in charge at 133 games. He was one of the most successful coaches of Austria's team. He was the coach of the so called Wunderteam (Wonderteam) which was the best one in Europe between 1931 and 1933. In 15 matches, Austria won 12 times.

As an official, Meisl was responsible for introducing professionalism in football. He also took active part in establishing the Mitropapokal, a forerunner of today's Champions League. He died at the age of 55 from a heart attack.

To honour him, a small street in Vienna is named after him.

References

Austrian footballers
Austria national football team managers
1881 births
1937 deaths
Tyga

Micheal Ray Stevenson (born November 19, 1989 in Compton, California), known by his stage name, Tyga, is an American rapper, singer and songwriter. Tyga is signed to Young Money Entertainment, Cash Money Records and Universal Republic. He is of Vietnamese and Jamaican descent. He was nominated for a Grammy Award in 2011 for Best Rap/Sung Collaboration with "Deuces" which also featured Chris Brown and Kevin McCall.

Discography

Albums

Singles

Mixtapes

Other websites
Tyga's Official website 

Rap musicians from California
Singers from California
1989 births
Living people
People from Compton, California
Generali Arena (Wien)

The Generali Arena (till 2010 Franz-Horr-Stadion) is a football stadium in Viennas Favoriten area. It is since 1973 the homeground of FK Austria Wien. It was built in 1925 as České srdce for the SK Slovan Wien, a team of the Czech minority in Vienna. The stadium has a capacity of 13 400 and was till 2010 named after the former president of the Vienna Football Association Franz Horr.

History
The stadium was built in 1925 for Slovan Wien, a football team of the Czech minority of Vienna. It was called  České srdce which means "czech heart". It was then the new homeground after the promotion to the first league. It was opened with a tournament with Sparta Prag, 1.Vienna FC, Amateure and Slovan  itself. The first official match was slovans first in the highest league versus Hertha .Slovan won 1:0. There was a plan to build an icerink, grounds for the training and a  gymnastics space for the Czechs of Favoriten but this was  impossible for financial reasons. In 1935 Sk Slovan Wien was dissolved and the stadium was onlz used for amateur football bz AC Slovan Wien.

During the Second World War the stadium was damaged. So the ground did not fit for AC Slovan Wien,which plazed in the A/legue,then the highest in Austrian football. 1949 the city renovated the stadium and it was used by clubs of the Vienna Football Association.Franz Horr, the chairman, made a contract with FK Austria Wien.They played from 1973 in the stadium. After the death of Franz Horr the stadium was named after him. 

Not earlier than 1981 the stadium was renovated. Till then FK Austria played in other football stadiums in Vienna. 1982 a north stand was built,1987 the west stand,1999 the  south stand and 2008 the east stand, which offers standing room only but is the home of the different fan clubs. 2000 the main office of the club came to the Horr stadium and a contract was signed with the owner who grants a 40 year long right to the club to use the stadium. Since 2010 the stadium is called Generali arena, after a sponsor from the insurance business.

Football stadiums in Austria
Vienna
1925 establishments in Europe
1920s establishments in Austria
Morwenstow

Morwenstow is a parish and hamlet in north Cornwall, United Kingdom. The hamlet is situated near the coast about six miles (10 km) north of Bude.

Morwenstow is the most northerly parish in Cornwall with the Atlantic Ocean to the west and Devon to the east. As well as the churchtown, other settlements in the parish include Shop, Woodford, Gooseham, Eastcott, Wooley and West Youlstone.

Morwenstow was the home of the eccentric vicar and poet Robert Stephen Hawker (1803–1875), who is credited with reviving the custom of Harvest Festivals. The church of St Morwenna and St John the Baptist is of the Norman period. The Vicarage was built for Hawker and has chimneys in the form of the towers of various churches associated with him. The nearby coast is hazardous to shipping and the corpses of drowned sailors were laid out in the churchyard and then buried. Hawker buried over forty who were washed up within the parish boundaries.

References

Villages in Cornwall
Civil parishes in Cornwall
Kilkhampton

Kilkhampton is a village and parish in northeast Cornwall, United Kingdom. The village is on the A39 road about four miles (6 km) north-northeast of Bude. The population of the parish was 1,193 in the 2001 census.

The remains of a late Norman period castle known as Penstowe Castle are 500 metres west of the village. Further west, at Stowe, is the site of the grand mansion of John Granville, 1st Earl of Bath, built in 1680 but demolished in 1739: some of the stonework was reused at Penstowe, also in the parish.

References

Villages in Cornwall
Civil parishes in Cornwall
Polzeath

Polzeath (pronounced pol'zeth) is a small seaside resort in the parish of St Minver in Cornwall, United Kingdom. It is about six miles (10 km) north of Wadebridge on the Atlantic coast.

Polzeath is known for its sandy beach and is popular with holiday-makers and surfers. Polzeath beach is described on the RNLI website as : ... a wide, flat beach with some shelter from winds, it sees good quality surf and is quite often extremely crowded.

The main street through the village runs along the seafront and then rises up steep hills at both ends of the seafront; towards the neighbouring village of Trebetherick to the southwest and towards New Polzeath to the northeast.

References

Villages in Cornwall
St Minver

St Minver () is the name of an ecclesiastical parish, a civil parish and a village in north Cornwall, United Kingdom. The civil parish of St Minver is nominally divided into St Minver Highlands (to the north and east) and St Minver Lowlands (to the west).

The combined parish is bounded on the south and west by the estuary of the River Camel, on the north by the Atlantic coast, and on the east by the parishes of St Endellion and St Kew. The population of the parish in the 2001 census was 2,474 (St Minver Highlands 1025; St Minver Lowlands 1449).

The main villages in the whole parish are the churchtown of St Minver, Rock, Trebetherick and Polzeath. St Minver village is 3 miles (5 kilometres) north of Wadebridge a few hundred yards west of the B3314 Wadebridge to Delabole road.

Churches 
The parish church of St Menefreda is in the village of St Minver.

There are two other churches in the parish, both in St Minver Lowlands. St Enodoc's church is situated between Rock and Trebetherick at . It was built on dunes in the 15th century and gradually became buried by the shifting sands. It was restored in the 1860s and now stands in the middle of a golf course. John Betjeman, the former poet laureate is buried in the churchyard. St Michael's church stands on the south shore of Porthilly Cove, an inlet of the River Camel just south of Rock, at . This church was also restored in the 1860s.

Other websites

 Ecclesiastical parish history
 Cornwall Record Office Online Catalogue for St Minver
 St Minver Lowlands & Highlands Parish Councils

Villages in Cornwall
St Kew

St Kew is a parish and village in north Cornwall, United Kingdom. The main settlements in the parish are the churchtown, St Kew, and nearby St Kew Highway on the A39 road. St Kew was a female Welsh saint who was the sister of St Docco who is thought to have founded a monastery here.

The 15th century parish church of St James has important stained glass windows, including one depicting the Passion of Christ, which were restored in 2005. St Kew Highway railway station was a station on the North Cornwall Railway opened on 1 June 1895 and closed on 3 October 1966.

References

Villages in Cornwall
Civil parishes in Cornwall
Heinrich Retschury

Heinrich Retschury (* 5 January 1887 in Vienna; † 11 June 1944) was an Austrian football player, referee, coach and official. He played for First Vienna FC and the Austrian team.

Heinrich Retschury played  for First Vienna FC as defender. Together with Wilhelm Eipeldauer he formed the defence of the club. He also played in the Austrian national footballteam. His first match was a 4:0 win against Transleithanien (Hungarian part of the Austrian-Hungary Empire). He played another 5 times in the team . His last match was a 1:8 versus England on June,1st 1909. Later he was member of the Olympic squad for the Stockholm Olympic games in 1912, but he did not play.

After his football career he became an international successful referee. At the 1924 Olympic Games in Paris he was referee and led three matches(Semifinal:Uruguay-Netherlands 2:1;First Bronce medal match:Netherlands-Sweden 1:1;Second round match:Sweden-Belgium 8:1) He also led a lot of league- and cupmatches in Austria.

During the First World War he was caretaker of the football national team because the coach Hugo Meisl became soldier. (22 matches,8 won, 3 draws, 11 lost ). Also in the year 1937, after the death of Hugo Meisl, he became cartaker of the national team(5matches 	2 won	1 draw	2 lost ) and reached the qualification for the 1938 FIFA World Cup where Austria did not play, because it was occupied by Germany.

Austrian footballers
Players of the Austrian national football team
Austrian football managers
Austria national football team managers
Referees
1887 births
1944 deaths
Aaron Taylor-Johnson

Aaron Taylor-Johnson (born Aaron Perry Johnson, 13 June, 1990), known before marriage and previously credited as Aaron Johnson is an English-American actor. He is best known for the role as Dave Lizewski in Kick-Ass and John Lennon in Nowhere Boy.

References

English movie actors
English television actors
1990 births
Living people
Neuroptera

Neuroptera is a order of net-winged insects, and includes the lacewings, mantidflies, antlions, and their relatives. The order contains some 6,010 species.

The adults of this order possess four membranous wings, with the forewings and hindwings about the same size, and with many veins. They have chewing mouthparts, and undergo complete metamorphosis. Most of the larvae and adults are predators.

The clade first appeared in the Permian period,

Insects
Mecoptera

Mecoptera (from the Greek: meco- = "long", -ptera = "wings") are an order of insects with about 550 species in nine families worldwide. Mecoptera are sometimes called scorpionflies after their largest family Panorpidae, in which the males have enlarged genitals that look similar to the stinger of a scorpion. The Bittacidae, or hangingflies, are a prominent family of elongate insects known for their elaborate mating rituals, in which females choose mates based on the quality of gift prey offered by various males.

Insects
William John Coffee

William John Coffee (1774–1846) was an English artist and sculptor who worked in porcelain, plaster, and terra cotta. He also worked in oil paint, although this was not the thing for which he became famous. His early career was as a modeller for Duesbury at the china factory on Nottingham Road in Derby, England. The later part of his life was spent in America.

Biography

In Derby, Coffee made busts of some of the local people and historic figures including a life size sculpture of Erasmus Darwin. This bust is a good example of Coffee's modelling skills and is now on show at Derby Museum. Coffee also produced a terra cotta copy of the Florentine Boar (1806) and a number of terra cotta statues of Greek figures showing medicine and healing for the garden of Joseph Strutt. The garden was given to the town as Derby Arboretum in 1840 complete with statues, but those of the Greek figures are now missing or lost. Coffee also made a  terra cotta statue of Asclepius for William Strutt's Derbyshire Infirmary, opened 1810.

Coffee moved from England to New York City in 1816, where he became famous as a sculptor for American historical figures such as James Madison and Thomas Jefferson. He also made the mouldings for Jefferson's house and for the University of Virginia.

References

Other websites 
 Derby Museum and Art Gallery 

Derby Museum and Art Gallery
Harold Gresley

Harold Gresley (1892 – 1967) was an English artist. His father and grandfather were also artists. He painted mainly landscapes but also some portraits.

Biography
Gresley was born in Derbyshire and studied in Derby art school. He was the son of Frank Gresley and grandson of James Stephen Gresley who were both notable artists. He stopped his studies when World War I started. He fought in the Sherwood Foresters and was awarded a medal. After the war he continued his studies in Nottingham under Arthur Spooner, and became a teacher at Repton School. He lived at Chellaston, near Derby until he died in 1967.

Some of his work is shown in Derby Museum and Art Gallery after 77 of his paintings were donated by art collector Alfred E. Goodey.

References

Other websites 
Harold Gresley Auction Price Results

English painters
People from Derbyshire
1892 births
1967 deaths
Ksenia Khairova

Ksenia Leonidovna Khairova (, born Talyzina (); March 29, 1969) is a Soviet and Russian stage and movie actress.

Biography

Early life 
Ksenia Leonidovna Talyzina was born in Moscow on March 29, 1969. Her parents divorced shortly after her birth.

She went school with in-depth study of languages.

In 1990 she graduated GITIS (Eugeny Lazarev's rate).

Career 
Her first role was a small part in the movie Nikolai Vavilov.

She is actress TSATRA.

She now acts mostly in series.

Personal life 
She divorced Khairov. They have a daughter, Anastasia Talyzina (born in 1999).

Filmography 
 1990 — "Nikolai Vavilov"/"Николай Вавилов" — episode
 1992 — "Our American Borya"/"Наш американский Боря" — Anna
 1990 — "Nikolai Vavilov"/"Николай Вавилов" — episode
 1992 — "Our American Borya"/"Наш американский Боря" — Anna
 1997 — "At the dawn of a misty youth"/"На заре туманной юности" — Anna
 2004 — "Opera. The Chronicles of slaughter/"Опера. Хроники убойного отдела" — episode
 2005 — "You are my happiness"/"Счастье ты моё" — Alexandra Fyodorovna
 2006 — "Airport-2"/"Аэропорт-2" — Svetlana
 2006 — "Detectives-5"/"Сыщики-5" — Tatyana Tochiltsvea
 2006-2007 — "Race for happiness"/"Гонка за счастьем" — Larisa Dronova
 2007 — "Daughters-Mothers"/"Дочки-матери" — Natalya
 2008 — "Life which was not"/"Жизнь, которой не было" — wife of foreigners
 2008 — "Hour of Volkov-2"/"Час Волкова-2" — Lyudmila Tikhomirova
 2009 — "City of temptations"/"Город соблазнов" — Olga Diamond
 2009 — "Given Circumstances"/"Предлагаемые обстоятельства" — Regina Sergeyevna
 2009 — "Footprints in the Sand"/"Следы на песке" — Nadezhda
 2010 — "Vote"/"Голоса" — Marina Ryabova
 2010 — "Love and Gold"/"Любовь и золото" — episode
 2010-2011 — "Institute for Noble Ladies"/"Институт благородных девиц" — Lidia Sokolova

References

Other websites 
 

1969 births
Living people
Russian movie actors
Russian stage actors
Russian television actors
Russian voice actors
Cape Verde at the Olympics

Cape Verde has been in every Summer Olympic Games held since 1996. No athletes from Cape Verde have been at any Winter Olympic Games.  They have never won a medal.

The National Olympic Committee for Cape Verde is Comité Olímpico Caboverdeano.  It was started in 1989 and recognized in 1993.

Related pages
 List of IOC country codes

References

Other websites 
 Cape Verde profile at London2012.com

Cape Verde
Nations at the Olympics
Central African Republic at the Olympics

Central African Republic at the Olympics is a history which includes 9 games in 8 countries and 40+ athletes. Since 1964, athletes of the Central African Republic have been part of the "Olympic Movement".

The International Olympic Committee's official abbreviation for the Central African Republic is CAF.

History
The Central African Republic National Olympic Committee (Comité National Olympique et Sportif Centrafricain) was formed in 1964.  It was recognized by the International Olympic Committee in 1965.

The Central African Republic has been in every Summer Olympic Games held between the1984 Summer Olympics and the 2012 Summer Olympics.  A team from the Central African Republic first competed in the 1968 Summer Olympics.

The country has not won an Olympic medal.  No athletes from the Central African Republic have been at any Winter Olympic Games.

Related pages
 List of IOC country codes

References

Other websites 
 Central African Republic profile at London2012.com

Central African Republic
Nations at the Olympics
Chad at the Olympics

Chad at the Olympics is a history which includes 11 games in 10 countries and 20+ athletes.  Since 1964, athletes of Chad have been part of the "Olympic Movement".

The International Olympic Committee's official abbreviation for Chad is CHA. In 1964, it was CHD.

History
The Chad National Olympic Committee was formed in 1963.  The Comité Olympique et Sportif Tchadien. was recognized by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) in 1964.  

A team from Chad has been at every Summer Olympic Games held between 1964 and 1972 and from 1984 to 2008.  

Chad has not sent a team to any Winter Olympic Games.

Related pages
 List of IOC country codes

References

Other websites 
 Chad profile at London2012.com

Chad
Nations at the Olympics
Comoros at the Olympics

Comoros was first at the Olympic Games in 1996.  They have been in every Summer Olympic Games since 1996.  The nation has never been at the Winter Olympic Games.

As of 2010, no athlete from Comoros has won an Olympic medal.

The National Olympic Committee for Comoros was formed in 1979 and recognized by the International Olympic Committee in 1993.

Related pages
 List of IOC country codes

References

Other websites 
 Comoros profile at London2012.com
 Comoros at Olympic.org

Comoros
Nations at the Olympics
Republic of the Congo at the Olympics

Congo at the Olympics is a history which includes 11 games in 10 countries and 60+ athletes.  Since 1964, athletes of the Congo have taken part in the "Olympic Movement".

The International Olympic Committee's official abbreviation for the Congo is CCGO.

History
The National Olympic Committee for the Congo (Comité National Olympique et Sportif Congolais) was formed in 1964 and recognized by the International Olympic Committee the same year.

The Republic of the Congo, competing as Congo, was first at the Olympic Games in 1964.  Competitors from the Congo missed the 1968 Summer Olympics and boycotted the 1976 Summer Olympics along with most other African nations.  Congo has never been in the Winter Olympic Games.

As of 2012, no athlete from Congo has ever won an Olympic medal.

Related pages
 List of IOC country codes

References

Other websites 
 Republic of Congo profile at London2012.com

Republic of the Congo
Nations at the Olympics
Democratic Republic of the Congo at the Olympics

The Democratic Republic of the Congo was first at the Olympic Games in 1968.  The nation was named Congo Kinshasa then.  The nation's next Olympic appearance was in 1984, when it was named Zaire.  The nation has been in every Summer Olympic Games since then.  They have never been in the Winter Olympic Games.  At the 2000 Games, the nation was named Democratic Republic of the Congo.

As of 2011, no athlete from DR Congo has ever won an Olympic medal.

The National Olympic Committee for DR Congo was formed in 1963 and recognized by the International Olympic Committee in 1968.

Related pages
 List of IOC country codes

References

Other websites 
  Democratic Republic of the Congo profile at London2012.com
 Democratic Republic of the Congo at Olympic.org

Democratic Republic of the Congo
Nations at the Olympics
Côte d'Ivoire at the Olympics

Côte d'Ivoire (CIV) has been to all Summer Olympic Games held since 1964 except for 1980.  No athletes from Côte d'Ivoire have been in any Winter Olympic Games.

Medalists

Related pages
 List of IOC country codes

References

Other websites 
 Côte d'Ivoire profile at London2012.com
 Côte d'Ivoire at Olympic.org

Sport in Ivory Coast
Nations at the Olympics
Djibouti at the Olympics

Djibouti has been in 6 Summer Games. They have never been in the Winter Olympic Games. 

The National Olympic Committee was formed in 1983. The International Olympic Committee recognized the country in 1984.

Hussein Ahmed Salah won a Bronze medal in the 1988 Summer Olympics for the Men's Marathon.

Related pages
 List of IOC country codes

References

Other websites 
Djibouti at Olympics website
 Djibouti profile at London2012.com

Djibouti
Nations at the Olympics
Egloshayle

Egloshayle is a parish and village in north Cornwall, United Kingdom. The village is beside the River Camel immediately southeast of Wadebridge. The civil parish includes Washaway and Sladesbridge.

History
Egloshayle was a medieval river port, rivalling Padstow five miles downriver. Egloshayle is now a residential suburb of Wadebridge. The town of Wadebridge developed in the parishes of Egloshayle and St Breock. A Vicar of Egloshayle named Thomas Lovibond was responsible for the building of the first bridge across the River Camel to replace a dangerous ford which was begun in 1468 and completed in 1485.

Churches

The parish church, named after St Petroc, is built almost entirely in the Perpendicular style. It has a Norman font, a stone pulpit dating from the 15th century, and a peal of eight bells. The Anglican chapel at Washaway, dating from 1882, has a font which is one of the earliest in the county.

Forts and houses 
Pencarrow House, seat of the Molesworths (18th century), and Croan House (17th century) are fine examples of smaller country houses.

Kelly Rounds (or Castle Killibury) is an Iron Age fort on the border of the parish and has been associated with the legend of King Arthur.

References

Villages in Cornwall
Civil parishes in Cornwall
River Camel

The River Camel is a river in Cornwall, UK. It rises on the edge of Bodmin Moor and together with its tributaries drains a considerable part of North Cornwall. The river issues into the Atlantic Ocean having covered a distance of approximately 30 miles. The river is tidal as far upstream as Egloshayle and is popular for sailing, birdwatching and fishing.

Geology
The River Camel rises on the edge of Bodmin Moor, an area which forms part of the granite spine of Cornwall. The river's course is then through upper and middle Devonian rocks, predominantly slates. The only active quarry in the River Camel catchment area is Delabole Quarry. There are some disused mines for a variety of metals in the area. The catchment area of the River Camel covers a total of 413 km² on the western side of Bodmin Moor, and is mainly Devonian slates and granite, with some shales and sandstones.

References

Rivers of England
Geography of Cornwall
Huntsham

Huntsham is a village and civil parish in Mid Devon, Devon, England. Huntsham has a church called Church of All Saints. In 2001 there were 138 people living in Huntsham.

References 

Civil parishes in Devon
Villages in Devon
Mid Devon
Great Torrington

Great Torrington is a town and civil parish in Torridge, Devon, England. In 2001 there were 5,279 people living in Great Torrington.

References 

Civil parishes in Devon
Towns in Devon
Torridge
Ottery St Mary

Ottery St Mary is a town and civil parish in East Devon, Devon, England. At the 2001 census, the parish, which includes the villages of Metcombe, Fairmile, Alfington, Tipton St John, Wiggaton, and (until 2017) West Hill, had a population of 7,692.

References

Sources
 Whitham, J. (1984). Ottery St Mary. Camelot Press. .

Civil parishes in Devon
Towns in Devon
East Devon
Binary adder

Full adders are devices used to add binary numbers. They are used in computers. They take two binary numbers and put them together to get a sum. In its most basic form, it uses two XOR gates, two AND gates, and an OR gate. These gates figure out what the numbers being sent in mean and if the digit needs to be turned on or not. 

When solving this example: 1001 + 1100 (9 + 12 in decimal form), it would need five single bits to give an answer. The first digits in each number would go to one adder, 1 and 0. It would calculate that 1 + 0 = 1, so that first digit would be 1. The second digits from each are 0 and 0, and 0 + 0 = 0, so the second digit is 0. the third digit from each are 1 and 0, and 1 + 0 = 1, so the third digit is 1. The fourth digit in each are 1 and 1, and 1 + 1 = 10, but because this is a 2 digit number, it holds the first digit (0) and send the second digit to the next adder. The next adder sees 1, and 1 = 1, so the fifth digit is 1. If we take the sum digits in order, they come out as 10101 (21), so 1001 + 1100 = 10101 (9 + 12 = 21).

Mathematics
Andrew Ference

Andrew James Stewart Ference (born March 17, 1979 in Edmonton, Alberta) is a former Canadian professional ice hockey defenceman. He played for the Edmonton Oilers of the National Hockey League (NHL). He also played for the Pittsburgh Penguins, Calgary Flames, and Boston Bruins.

Ference played hockey in the WHL for 5 seasons with the Portland Winter Hawks. He was drafted by the Pittsburgh Penguins with the 208th overall pick in the 1997 NHL Entry Draft. Ference also played for the Pittsburgh Penguins for 4 seasons, the Calgary Flames for 4 seasons and the Boston Bruins for 7 seasons. During his time with the Bruins, he won the Stanley Cup on June 15, 2011 when they defeated the Vancouver Canucks in game 7 by a score of 4-0.

On July 5, 2013, Horton signed a 4-year deal with the Edmonton Oilers.

References

Other websites 

1979 births
American Hockey League players
Boston Bruins players
Calgary Flames players
Canadian ice hockey defencemen
Edmonton Oilers players
Ice hockey people from Alberta
Living people
Portland Winterhawks players
Pittsburgh Penguins players
Sportspeople from Edmonton
Stanley Cup champions
International Hockey League (1945–2001) players
Memorial Cup winners
Adam McQuaid

Adam McQuaid (born October 12, 1986 in Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island) is an Canadian professional ice hockey defenceman. He currently plays for the Boston Bruins. McQuaid played hockey in the OHL for 4 seasons with the Sudbury Wolves. He was drafted by the Columbus Blue Jackets with the 55th overall pick in the 2005 NHL Entry Draft but never played a game with them and was traded to the Bruins for a fifth-round pick. He won the Stanley Cup with the Bruins on June 15, 2011 when the Bruins defeated the Vancouver Canucks in game 7 by a score of 4–0.

Other websites 

1986 births
Canadian ice hockey defencemen
Columbus Blue Jackets players
Boston Bruins players
Ice hockey people from Prince Edward Island
Living people
New York Rangers players
Stanley Cup champions
American Hockey League players
Ontario Hockey League players
Patrice Bergeron

Patrice Bergeron-Cleary (born July 24, 1985) is a Canadian professional ice hockey centre. He currently plays for the Boston Bruins of the National Hockey League (NHL) and is the captain. Bergeron played hockey in the QMJHL for 2 seasons with the Acadie-Bathurst Titan. He was drafted by the Boston Bruins with the 45th overall pick in the 2003 NHL Entry Draft. He won a gold medal in the 2010 Winter Olympics, 2010 Men's World Ice Hockey Championships and in the 2005 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships. He won the Stanley Cup with the Bruins on June 15, 2011 when the Bruins defeated the Vancouver Canucks in game 7 by a score of 4-0.

References

Other websites 

1985 births
Acadie–Bathurst Titan players
American Hockey League players
Boston Bruins players
Canadian ice hockey centres
Canadian Olympic gold medalists
Ice hockey people from Quebec
Living people
Stanley Cup champions
Santiago, Nuevo León

Santiago is a municipality in the center of the Mexican state of Nuevo León. It is part of the Monterrey metropolitan area and it has an area of about . , there were 37,886 people living in there.

References

Other websites 
 Government of Santiago, Official Website

Municipalities of Mexico
1648 establishments
Nuevo León
17th-century establishments in Mexico
Administrative divisions of Mexico

The United Mexican States () is a federal republic formed by 32 federal entities () (31 states and 1 federal district).

According to the Constitution of 1917, the states of the federation are free and sovereign. Each state has their own congress and constitution, but the Federal District has only limited autonomy with a local Congress and government. The territory of the Federal District, commonly known as Mexico City, serves as the national capital.

Divisions of Mexico

Federal district

States 

Notes:
 Joined the federation with the name of Coahuila y Texas.
 Joined the federation with the name of Estado de Occidente also recognized as Sonora y Sinaloa.
 Joined the federation as República Federada de Yucatán () formed by the current states of Yucatan, Campeche and Quintana Roo. Became independent in 1841 constituting the second Republic of Yucatán and definitely rejoined in 1848.
 States of Nuevo León, Tamaulipas and Coahuila became independent de facto in 1840 to form the República del Río Grande (); never consolidated its independence because independent forces were defeated by the centralist forces.
 State of Tabasco seceded from Mexico on two occasions, the first on February 13, 1841, rejoining again on December 2, 1842. And the second time was from November 9, 1846 to December 8 of that year.

Related pages
Administrative division
List of Latin American subnational entities by HDI
List of Mexican state demonyms
List of Mexican state governors
List of Mexican states by area
List of Mexican states by HDI
List of Mexican states by population
Mexican state name etymologies
Ranked list of Mexican states
State governments of Mexico
Territorial evolution of Mexico

References

 Political Constitution of the United Mexican States; articles 2, and 42 through 48
 Law of Linguistic Rights or "Ley de los Derechos Lingüísticos" approved in 2001.juihu b

 
Mexico-related lists
Dennis Seidenberg

Dennis Seidenberg (born July 18, 1981 in Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany) is an NHL ice hockey defenceman that currently plays for the Boston Bruins. He was drafted by the Philadelphia Flyers with the 172nd overall pick in the 1999 NHL Entry Draft. Seidenberg played hockey formerly with the Philadelphia Flyers for 3 seasons, the Phoenix Coyotes for 2 seasons, the Carolina Hurricanes for 3 seasons and the Florida Panthers for 1 season.

Awards
He played in the NHL YoungStars Game in 2002.
Stanley Cup with the Boston Bruins in 2011.

References

Other websites 

1981 births
Living people
American Hockey League players
Boston Bruins players
Carolina Hurricanes players
Florida Panthers players
German ice hockey players
Philadelphia Flyers players
Phoenix Coyotes players
Sportspeople from Baden-Württemberg
Stanley Cup champions
Ice hockey defencemen
Chris Kelly

Christopher Kelly (born November 11, 1980) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey player and current assistant coach for the Boston Bruins of the NHL. He was drafted by the Ottawa Senators with the 94th overall pick in the 1999 NHL Entry Draft. Kelly played in the OHL for 4 seasons with the London Knights and 1 season with the Sudbury Wolves. He also played hockey formerly with the Ottawa Senators for 7 seasons and for one season with the Anahiem Ducks. He won the Stanley Cup with the Bruins on June 15, 2011.

Other websites 

1980 births
Anaheim Ducks players
Living people
Canadian ice hockey forwards
Ice hockey people from Ontario
Boston Bruins players
Ottawa Senators players
Sportspeople from Toronto
Stanley Cup champions
Megaloptera

Megaloptera is an order of insects. It contains the alderflies, dobsonflies and fishflies. There are about 300 known species.

Insects
Michael Ryder

Michael Wayne Glen Ryder (born March 31, 1980 in Bonavista, Newfoundland and Labrador) is a Canadian professional ice hockey right winger. He played from 1996 to 2015.

He was drafted by the Montreal Canadiens with the 216th overall pick in the 1998 NHL Entry Draft. Ryder played in the QMJHL for 3 seasons with the Hull Olympiques and 2 seasons in the ECHL with the Tallahassee Tiger Sharks and Mississippi Sea Wolves. He also played hockey formerly with the Montreal Canadiens for 4 seasons. He won the Stanley Cup with the Bruins on June 15, 2011 when the Bruins defeated the Vancouver Canucks in game 7 by a score of 4-0.

Other websites 
 

1980 births
American Hockey League players
Boston Bruins players
Canadian ice hockey right wingers
Dallas Stars players
ECHL players
Hull Olympiques players
Ice hockey people from Newfoundland and Labrador
Living people
Montreal Canadiens players
New Jersey Devils players
Stanley Cup champions
Swedish Hockey League players
Competitive eating

Competitive eating is a term for a sport where people play to see who can eat the most food in a given time.  The sport is most commonly played in the United States and Japan.  There are many different foods that can be eaten competitively.  Common ones include hot dogs, hamburgers, hot wings, and pies.
  
The most famous competitive eating contest is Nathan's Hot Dog Eating Contest on Coney Island. It and other events are part of a tour known as Major League Eating.  There are often competitive eating contests at American fairs and carnivals.

Food and drink
Sports