cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Great Flood of 1951

In mid-July 1951, heavy rains led to a lot of water in the Kansas River. Flooding happened in the Kansas, Neosho, Marais Des Cygnes, and Verdigris river basins. There was more than $935 million in damage in eastern Kansas and Missouri in June and July 1951. Adjusting for inflation, it would be nearly $8.52 billion in 2016. The flood killed 17 people. It caused 518,000 people to move somewhere else.

Flood
The flood in Kansas started in May. It started with the flood of the Big Creek, (a tributary of the Smoky Hill River) in Hays. It flooded after eleven inches of rain in two hours. The creek overflowed. It flooded Hays (where Fort Hays State University is) in four feet of water. It flooded the Fort Hays State University campus. It caused people to move from the barracks (by families of the G.I. Bill) and dorms to the Stadium's third floor. The Stadium's third floor was still dry. Dr. Charles F. Wiest, Emeritus Professor of Philosophy and Religion, and his seven-year-old daughter died. They died when their home caved in with the weight of the water. He was saving important documents in his basement. All records at the college were ruined. No graduation was held on the appointed date of May 23. Graduates were mailed their diplomas a month later.

There were no warning sirens in Hays. Two police officers drove up and down the streets. They had their sirens on, and they shouted for people to evacuate. They are believed to haven saved many people's lives.

The worst starting damage by the flood crest was to Manhattan and Ft. Riley. Barracks at the fort were destroyed. In Manhattan, the downtown business district was under 8 feet (2.4 m) of water and 2 people died.  After this, Topeka and Lawrence were also damaged by the same crest. About 24,000 people were evacuated from Topeka.

References

Other websites
 NOAA Article on the 1951 Flood
 NOAA Report (PDF) on the 1951 flood with a comparison to the 1993 flood
 Access documents, photographs, and other primary sources on Kansas Memory, the Kansas State Historical Society's digital portal
 Article from Kansas State Board of Agriculture 1951/52 Biennial Report on the 1951 Flood

Floods
Fort Riley, Kansas

Fort Riley is a United States Army installation in North Central Kansas. It is on the Kansas River between Junction City and Manhattan. The Fort Riley Military Reservation covers 101,733 acres (41,170 ha) in Geary and Riley counties. The part of the fort that has housing development is part of the Fort Riley census-designated place. In 2010, 7,761 people lived there. The fort has a daytime population of nearly 25,000. The ZIP Code is 66442.

Stationed units 
1st Infantry Division
 1st Armored Brigade Combat Team
 2nd Armored Brigade Combat Team
 1st Infantry Division Artillery (DIVARTY)
 1st Combat Aviation Brigade
 1st Sustainment Brigade
 Division Headquarters and Headquarters Battalion

Garrison
 97th Military Police Battalion
 Headquarters and Headquarters Company, U.S. Army Garrison

Partners
 10th Air Support Operations Squadron, USAF
 407th Army Field Support Brigade
 902nd Military Intelligence Group
 Det. 2, 3rd Weather Squadron, USAF
 Irwin Army Community Hospital
 Warrior Transition Battalion
 1st Signal Command, inactive 1969
 630th Ordnance Company (Explosive Ordnance Disposal)
 774th Ordnance Company (Explosive Ordnance Disposal)
 923rd Contracting Battalion
121st Signal Battalion (United States), inactivated 1995

References

Other websites

 
 Fort Riley History 
 U.S. Cavalry Museum 
 Fort Riley Museums information 
 Guide to Fort Riley attractions and museums
 Atomic Cannon at Fort Riley
 Atomic Cannon history
 Atomic Cannon and other sites in Fort Riley 
 Kansas forts and posts
 
 
 

Forts in Kansas
Larry J. Hopkins

Larry Jones Hopkins (October 25, 1933 – November 15, 2021) was an American politician. He represented Kentucky's 6th congressional district in the United States House of Representatives from 1979 to 1993. He was the Republican nominee for Governor of Kentucky in 1991 and lost to Brereton C. Jones. He was born in Detroit, Michigan. His son was actor Josh Hopkins.

Hopkins died on November 15, 2021 in Lexington, Kentucky at the age of 88.

References

Other websites

 

1933 births
2021 deaths
United States representatives from Kentucky
Politicians from Detroit, Michigan
US Republican Party politicians
Walt Michaels

Walter Edward Michaels (October 16, 1929 – July 10, 2019) was a professional American football player and coach. He was best known for his six-year career as head coach of the NFL's New York Jets from 1977 to 1982. As a player, he played for the Green Bay Packers, Cleveland Browns and the New York Jets. Michaels was born in Swoyersville, Pennsylvania.

Michaels died on July 10, 2019 in Plains, Pennsylvania at the age of 89.

References

1929 births
2019 deaths
American football linebackers
American football coaches
New York Jets players
Green Bay Packers players
Cleveland Browns players
Sportspeople from Pennsylvania
People from Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania
Swoyersville, Pennsylvania

Swoyersville is a borough in Luzerne County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 5,062 at the 2010 census.

References

Boroughs in Pennsylvania
Luzerne County, Pennsylvania

Luzerne County is a county in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. As of the 2010 census, the population was 320,918, making it the most populous county in the northeastern part of the state. 

The county seat and largest city is Wilkes-Barre. 

Other populous communities include Hazleton, Kingston, Nanticoke, and Pittston. Luzerne County is included in the Scranton–Wilkes-Barre–Hazleton Metropolitan Statistical Area, which has a total population of 555,426 (as of 2017).

References

1780s establishments in Pennsylvania
1786 establishments in the United States
Pennsylvania counties
Naval ship

A naval ship is a military ship (or sometimes boat, depending on classification) used by a navy.

Types of ships
Aircraft carrierships that are mobile seaborne airfields. They were designed for the purpose of doing combat by Carrier-based aircraft. They do attacks against airborne, surface, sub-surface and shore targets.
Surface combatantbig, heavily armed surface ships. They are designed mostly to engage enemy forces on the high seas, including various types of battleship, battlecruiser, cruiser, destroyer,  frigate, and corvette.
Submarineself-propelled sjips that go underwater. They can be combatant, auxiliary, or research and development vehicles which have at least a slight combat ability.
Patrol combatantcombatants whose mission may extend beyond coastal duties and whose characteristics include adequate endurance and sea keeping providing a capability for operations exceeding 48 hours on the high seas without support.
Amphibious warfareships having organic capability for amphibious assault and which have characteristics enabling long duration operations on the high seas.
Combat logisticsships that have the capability to provide underway replenishment to fleet units.
Mine warfareships whose primary function is mine warfare on the high seas.
Coastal defenseships whose primary function is coastal patrol and interdiction.
Sealiftships that have the capability to provide direct material support to other deployed units operating far from home base.
Supportships, such as oilers, designed to operate in the open ocean in a variety of sea states to provide general support to either combatant forces or shore based establishments. (Includes smaller auxiliaries which, by the nature of their duties, leave inshore waters).
Service type craftnavy-subordinated craft (including non-self-propelled) designed to provide general support to either combatant forces or shore-based establishments.

Size

In weight (largest to smallest), modern naval ships are often put into different groups (called classes). The bigger ships in the list can also be classed as capital ships:
 Aircraft carrier
 Helicopter carrier
 Battleship
 Battlecruiser
 Heavy cruiser
 Light cruiser
 Destroyer
 Frigate
 Corvette
 Patrol boat
 Fast attack craft

References

Other websites

 
 *

Military
Naval base

A naval base, navy base, or military port is a military base, where warships and naval ships are. The ships are there when they have no mission at sea or want to restock. Ships may also get some minor repairs. Some naval bases are temporary homes to aircraft. They usually stay on the ships but may have maintenance while the ship is in port.

Military
Rex Wood

Rex Wood (6 April 1906 – 1970) was a South Australian artist. He lived in Portugal for many years.

He was born in Laura, South Australia. 

Rex Wood studied painting at the South Australian School of Art under Mary Packer Harris (1891–1978). He became an art critic for The News in 1934 and held an exhibition in 1935. He had another exhibition in 1937, the evening before he left for England and the Continent.

He studied at the Anglo-French Art Centre at St Johns Wood and the Southampton Row School of Art. 
He spent much of the war years in Portugal. 

He visited Australia in the mid-1950s then went back to Portugal.He died in Estoril around 24 January 1970.

References 

Australian artists
1909 births
1970 deaths
Big League Chew

Big League Chew is a brand of bubble gum. It is shredded and packaged in an aluminum foil pouch. It was created by Portland Mavericks left-handed pitcher Rob Nelson and bat boy Todd Field. It was then pitched to the Wrigley Company by Jim Bouton as a fun imitation of the tobacco-chewing.

Over 800 million pouches of Big League Chew have been sold since 1980. Big League Chew was introduced in May 1980, it comes in flashy colors such as neon green (for their sour apple flavor) and bright purple (grape flavor).

References

1980 establishments in the United States
Candy
Baseball
Dengir Mir Mehmet Fırat

Dengir Mir Mehmet Fırat (8 August 1943 – 11 July 2019) was a Kurdish politician. He was one of the founders of the Justice and Development Party (AKP) in 2001. He was a Member of Parliament for the Grand National Assembly from 1999 to 2011 and again from 2015 until his death. He was a member of the Peoples' Democratic Party (HDP).

Fırat was born in the district of Kahta in Adyaman. He died on 11 July 2019 from lung cancer in Istanbul at the age of 76.

References

Other websites
Collection of all relevant news items at Radikal.com
Collection of all relevant news items at Haberler.com
Collection of all relevant news items at Hürriyet

1943 births
2019 deaths
Deaths from lung cancer
Turkish politicians
Eastern Ghats

Eastern Ghats is a separate category of mountains along the eastern coast of India. Eastern Ghats pass through parts of Karnataka and Wayanad district of Kerala, going south from Odisha to Tamil Nadu via Andhra Pradesh. They are being destroyed by four major rivers of peninsular India. Godavari, Mahanadi, Krishna, and Kaveri.

Mountain ranges run parallel to the Bay of Bengal. The Deccan Plateau is located in the west of the border between the Eastern Ghats and the Western Ghats. Coromandel is situated between coastal plains, eastern ghats and the Bay of Bengal along the coast area. Eastern Ghats is not as high as the Western Ghats.

Mountain ranges of India
Landforms of India
She-Hulk

She-hulk is a fictional character created by Marvel Comics in 1980. She is a female version of the Hulk She-Hulk is the alter ego ofJennifer Walters, Walters is the cousin of Bruce Banner (The Incredible Hulk). She was injured in a shooting at her home. Banner found her but she has lost a large amount of blood because of the injury. She needed an emergency blood transfusion. Banner gever her some of his blood to save her life. This also caused her to get a milder form of his condition. This meant she could turn large, green and powerful, but mostly kept  her emotional stability and her personality.

Marvel Comics superheroes
Fictional characters introduced in 1980
Crayford

Crayford is a small town in the London Borough of Bexley south London

References 

Areas of London
London Borough of Bexley
Jungkook

Jeon Jung-kook (born September 1, 1997) is a South Korean singer, songwriter, and record producer. He is also better known mononymously as Jungkook. He is known for being a member and one of the four vocalists of the South Korean boy group BTS.

Career

2013-present: BTS 
On June 12, 2013, Jungkook released his first album as a member of BTS. Since their debut, Jungkook has been credited as the main producer for two of their songs: "Love is Not Over" and "Magic Shop".

References

BTS members
South Korean singers
Living people
Tongatapu

Tongatapu is an island in the Pacific Ocean. It is the main island for the Kingdom of Tonga. The capital Nuku'alofa is located on this island.

References

Tonga
Richard and Mary Parker

Richard and Mary Parker are fictional characters appearing in Marvel Comics. They first appeared in The Amazing Spider-Man Annual # 5 in 1968 created by Stan Lee and Larry Lieber. Richard Parker is the younger brother of Benjamin 'Uncle Ben' Parker, he is married to Mary Parker whose maiden name is Fitzpatrick and the father of Peter Parker. Since the first issue Peter was raised by his Aunt May and Uncle Ben but it didn't explain where his parents were. In their first appearance in a flashback it is revealed that they were murdered by the supervillain Albert Malik also known as the Red Skull. In comics from the 1990's it is revealed that Richard Parker was recruited into the CIA by Nick Fury, that he was pretending to be a Russian double agent and that he and his wife were killed in a plane crash caused by sabotage. Harry Osborne later creates robots that look just like Richard and Mary to trick Peter Parker into thinking that his parents are still alive and then reveals that they are not to destroy him. In the 2002 movie Spider-Man, Norman Osborne tells Peter Parker "your parents must be proud" and Peter tells him "I live with my aunt and uncle, they are proud." Uncle Ben later tells Peter "I know I'm not your father" and Peter tells him "then stop pretending to be". At the end of the movie the Green Goblin tells Spider-Man that Peter has been like a son to him and that he has been like a father and Peter tells him "I had a father, his name was Ben Parker."  

In the 2012 movie The Amazing Spider-Man, Dr. Richard Parker is a scientist who disappeared after he and his wife left their son Peter Parker with his Uncle Ben and Aunt May. He is also responsible for the creation of the genetically engineered superspider that bites Peter and gives him his powers.

Spider-Man
Fictional characters introduced in the 1960s
Marvel Comics characters
Derby, Kansas

Derby is a city in Sedgwick County, Kansas, United States. It is the biggest suburb of Wichita. In 2010, 22,158 people lived there.

Geography
Derby is at  (37.552407, -97.261492). The United States Census Bureau says that the city has a total area of . Of that,  is land and  is water.

Climate
Derby has hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. The Köppen Climate Classification system says that Derby has a humid subtropical climate. It is abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.

People

Derby is part of the Wichita, KS Metropolitan Statistical Area.

2010 census
The 2010 census said that there were 22,158 people, 8,300 households, and 6,226 families living in Derby.

References

Other websites

 
 Derby Chamber of Commerce

Cities in Sedgwick County, Kansas
Great Bend, Kansas

Great Bend is a city in Barton County, Kansas, United States. It is also the county seat of Barton County. It is named for its location at the place where the Arkansas River bends east then southeast. In 2010, 15,995 people lived there.

Geography
Great Bend is at  (38.3644567, -98.7648073). It has an elevation of 1,850 feet (564 m). It is in central Kansas, and it is at the intersection of U.S. Route 281 and U.S. Route 56. Great Bend is  northwest of Wichita,  west-southwest of Kansas City, and  east-southeast of Denver.

The United States Census Bureau says that the city has a total area of . Of that,  is land and  is water.

People

Education

Primary and secondary education
Great Bend Public Schools (USD 428) has about 3,000 students. It runs eight schools in Great Bend:

 Washington Early Childhood Center (Grades Pre-K)
 Eisenhower Elementary School (K–6)
 Jefferson Elementary School (K–6)
 Lincoln Elementary School (K–6)

 Park Elementary School (K–6)
 Riley Elementary School (K–6)
 Great Bend Middle School (7–8)
 Great Bend High School (9–12)

Colleges and universities
Barton Community College is a two-year community college. It is about three miles northeast of Great Bend.

Media
The Great Bend Tribune is the city's daily newspaper. It makes over 6,200 copies.

Parks and recreation
The city government's Park Department maintains 10 parks in Great Bend.

Culture

Sports
Greyhound racing started in the United States in the bottoms in 1886 during a formal coursing event.

References

Other websites

City
 City of Great Bend
 Great Bend - Directory of Public Officials
 Great Bend Convention and Visitors Bureau
 Great Bend Chamber of Commerce
Schools
 USD 428 , local school district
 Barton Community College
Attractions
 Great Bend Zoo
 Cheyenne Bottoms Wildlife Area
Historical
 Barton County Historical Museum
 , from Hatteberg's People on KAKE TV news
Maps
 Great Bend City Map, KDOT

Cities in Kansas
County seats in Kansas
Barton County, Kansas
Red Hills (Kansas)

The Red Hills (also called Gypsum Hills) is a physiographic area. It is mostly in Clark, Comanche and Barber counties in southern and central Kansas. This land has a lot of red rock. It does not fit the normal description of the Great Plains land of Kansas.

References

Other websites
Red Hills Focus Area-U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 
Gypsum Hills on Kansastravel.org

Geography of Kansas
Crime in Kansas

This article refers to crime in the U.S. state of Kansas.

Statistics
In 2008, there were 106,141 crimes reported in Kansas, including 113 murders.

Capital punishment laws
Capital punishment is allowed in Kansas.

References 

Kansas
Kansas
Pittsburg, Kansas

Pittsburg is a city in Crawford County, Kansas, United States. It is in Southeast Kansas near the Missouri state border. It is the biggest city in Crawford County and southeast Kansas. In 2010, 20,233 people lived there.

Geography
Pittsburg is at . The United States Census Bureau says that the city has a total area of . Of that,  is land and  is water. Pittsburg is in the Ozark Highlands region. That region is a mix of prairie and forests.

It is  west of Springfield, Missouri,  south of Kansas City, Missouri, and  northeast of Tulsa, Oklahoma.

People

2010 census
The 2010 census says that there were 20,233 people, 8,142 households, and 4,087 families living in Pittsburg.

Government
The Pittsburg government has a mayor and four commissioners. The commission meets the 2nd and 4th Tuesday of each month at 5:30 pm.

Media
The Pittsburg Morning Sun is the main newspaper in Pittsburg. It is published five days per week. In addition, Pittsburg State University publishes a weekly student newspaper, the Collegio.

References

Other websites

City
 City of Pittsburg
 Pittsburg - Directory of Public Officials
 Pittsburg Area Chamber of Commerce
Schools
 USD 250, local school district
Historical
 
 
 
Maps
 Pittsburg City Map, KDOT

Cities in Crawford County, Kansas
1876 establishments in Kansas
Falfurrias, Texas

Falfurrias ( ) is a city in and the county seat of Brooks County, Texas, United States. The population was 4,981 at the 2010 census.

References

Other websites 
 City of Falfurrias official website

Cities in Texas
County seats in Texas
Floresville, Texas

Floresville is a city in the U.S. state of Texas. It is the county seat of Wilson County.

References 

Cities in Texas
County seats in Texas
Gardner, Kansas

Gardner is a city in Johnson County, Kansas, United States. In 2010, 19,123 people there. It is in the Kansas City metropolitan area.

Geography
Gardner is at  (38.812367, -94.918621). The United States Census Bureau says that the city has a total area of . Of that,  is land and  is water.

Climate
Gardner has hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. The Köppen Climate Classification system says that Gardner has a humid subtropical climate. It is abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.

People

2010 census
The 2010 census says there were 19,123 people, 6,644 households, and 4,938 families living in Gardner.

References

Other websites
 City of Gardner
 Gardner - Directory of Public Officials
 The Gardner News
 Gardner City Map, KDOT

Cities in Kansas
1857 establishments in Kansas Territory
Winfield, Kansas

Winfield is a city and county seat of Cowley County, Kansas, United States.  It is on the Walnut River in South Central Kansas. In 2010 12,301 people lived there. It is the second biggest city in Cowley County.

History

19th century
Winfield was created in 1870. It was named after Rev. Winfield Scott. He said he would build a church for the town if the people would name the city after him.  The first post office at Winfield was created in May 1870.

Geography
Winfield is located  north of the Kansas-Oklahoma state border. It is at the junction of U.S. Routes 77 and 160. The United States Census Bureau says that the city has a total area of . Of that,  is land and  is water.

People

2010 census
The 2010 census says there were 12,301 people, 4,600 households, and 2,848 families living in Winfield.

References

Other websites

 
 
 Winfield City Map, KDOT

Cities in Cowley County, Kansas
County seats in Kansas
Lansing, Kansas

Lansing is a city in Leavenworth County, Kansas, United States. It is on the west side of the Missouri River and Kansas-Missouri state border. In 2010, 11,265 people lived there. It is the second biggest city in Leavenworth County. It is part of the Kansas City metropolitan area.

The Lansing Correctional Facility (used to be called the Kansas State Penitentiary), which includes the state's main maximum-security prison, is in Lansing.

History

Lansing is named for James Lansing. He was a pioneer settler.

Geography
Lansing is at  (39.248689, -94.891880). The city is on the western bank of the Missouri River. The river also creates the Kansas-Missouri state border. It is bordered by the city of Leavenworth to the north; Kansas City is less than a half-hour to the southeast. U.S. Route 73 goes through the city.

The United States Census Bureau says that the city has a total area of . Of that,,  is land and  is water.

People

2010 census
The 2010 census says there were 11,265 people, 3,180 households, and 2,496 families living in Lansing.

Education
Lansing Unified School District (USD 469), with four schools, has more than 2,000 students.
 Lansing Elementary School, grades K–3
 Lansing Intermediate School, grades 4–5
 Lansing Middle School, grades 6–8
 Lansing High School, grades 9–12

References

Other websitess

City
 City of Lansing
 
 
Maps
 Lansing City Map, KDOT

Cities in Kansas
1959 establishments in the United States
Haysville, Kansas

Haysville is a city in Sedgwick County, Kansas, United States. It is a suburb of Wichita. In 2010, 10,826 people lived there.  Haysville is known as the "Peach Capital of Kansas".

Geography
Haysville is at  (37.563787, -97.353044). The United States Census Bureau says that the city has a total area of . Of that,  is land and  is water.

People

Haysville is part of the Wichita, KS Metropolitan Statistical Area.

2010 census
The 2010 census says that there were 10,826 people, 3,857 households, and 2,932 families living in Haysville.

Government
The Haysville government has a mayor and eight council members.  The council meets the 2nd and 4th Monday of each month at 7PM.
 City Hall, 200 W Grand.

References

Other websites

City
 City of Haysville
 Haysville - Directory of Public Officials
 Haysville Community Online
Schools
 USD 261, local school district
 USD 261 School District Boundary Map, KDOT
Events
 Haysville Fall Festival
Maps
 Haysville City Map, KDOT

Cities in Sedgwick County, Kansas
Bongkel

The Bongkel is a musical instrument from Indonesia. It is made from bamboo in the Banyumasan region.

Indonesian culture
Musical instruments
Rif Dimashq Governorate

Rif Dimashq Governorate ( , literally, the "Governorate of the Countryside of Damascus") is one of the fourteen governorates (provinces) of Syria. It is in the southwestern part of the country. It borders the governorates of Quneitra, Daraa and al-Suwayda (comprising the historic Hauran region) in the southwest, Homs in the north, Lebanon in the west and Jordan in the south.

The Governorate completely surrounds the city-governorate of Damascus and it has an area of 18,032 km² and a population of 2,273,074 (2004 census).

Districts 
The governorate is divided into ten districts ( ; manatiq). There were nine district until February 2009, when Qudsaya District was created from parts of Markaz Rif Dimashq and Al-Zabadani districts. The districts are further divided into 37 sub-districts.There is a small village belonging to the Damascus countryside (Ghouta) called Aqraba, which is characterized by its fields and agricultural orchards.  ( ;nawahi).

References 

 
Governorates of Syria
Damascus Governorate

Damascus Governorate ( ) is one of the fourteen governorates (provinces) of Syria. Completely surrounded by the Rif Dimashq Governorate, it consists only of the city of Damascus, the capital of Syria, and the suburb of Yarmouk Camp.

The governorate's area is around 107 km2, encompassing the area of the city of Damascus and the Yarmouk Camp, while the population is around 1,711,000.

Geography 
Damascus occupies a strategic location on a plateau which rises 680 m (2,230 ft) above sea level and about 80 km (50 mi) inland from the Mediterranean, sheltered by the Anti-Lebanon mountains, supplied with water by the Barada River. The Anti-Lebanon mountains which mark the border between Syria and Lebanon, bock precipitation from the Mediterranean sea, so that the region of Damascus is sometimes subject to droughts. However, in ancient times this was mitigated by the Barada River, which originates from mountain streams fed by melting snow. Damascus is surrounded by the Ghouta, an irrigated farmland where many vegetables, cereals, and fruits have been farmed since ancient times.

The governorate occupies an area of 107 km2, 79 km2 of which is urban (77 in Damascus, 2 in Yarmouk Camp) while the rest is occupied by Mount Qasioun which overlooks the city.

Climate 
Damascus has a cold desert climate (BWk) in Köppen-Geiger system, due to the rain shadow effect of the Anti-Lebanon mountains and the prevailing ocean currents. Summers are dry and hot with less humidity. Winters are cool and somewhat rainy; snowfall is infrequent. Annual rainfall is around , occurring from October to May.

References 

 
Governorates of Syria
2019 Atlantic hurricane season

The 2019 Atlantic hurricane season was the fourth consecutive season of above-average and damaging seasons dating back to 2016. This hurricane season has 20 tropical cyclones and 18 named storms in total in which tropical cyclones were formed in the Northern Hemisphere at the Atlantic basin. The season officially began on June 1, 2019, and ended on November 30, 2019.

Subtropical Storm Andrea formed on May 20, making 2019 the fifth consecutive season in which storms formed before the official start of the hurricane season; this breaks the record of four consecutive years set in 1951-1954. Barry became the first hurricane of the season in early July. Hurricane Dorian became a first major hurricane of the season in late August, and later became a Category 5 hurricane on September 1, making 2019 the fourth consecutive season to feature at least one Category 5 hurricane (Matthew in 2016; Irma and Maria in 2017; Michael in 2018). Tropical Storm Imelda formed on September 17 and caused catastrophic flooding over Southeast Texas, making Imelda one of the wettest tropical cyclones in U.S. history. Hurricane Lorenzo became a second Category 5 hurricane of the season on September 29, making 2019 one of the Atlantic hurricane seasons to feature more than one Category 5 hurricane; and also, this made Lorenzo the easternmost Category 5 hurricane on record, surpassing Hurricane Hugo in 1989. The season ended with Tropical Storm Sebastian on November 25.

Storms 

For a record fifth consecutive year, activity began before the official start of the season when Subtropical Storm Andrea formed on May 20. No storms formed in the month of June, but activity resumed in July when Hurricane Barry formed. Tropical Depression Three formed soon afterwards. After the dissipation of Three less than 24 hours later, the activity again suppressed. However, nearly a month later, on August 21, Tropical Storm Chantal formed, making the 2019 hurricane season the second latest starting season of the 21st century. Early on August 24, Chantal dissipated. Later that day, Dorian formed. On August 26, a tropical depression formed off the coast of North Carolina Carolina.

References 

Atlantic hurricane seasons
hurricane season
Des Coleman

Desune Franklin "Des" Coleman (born 14 March 1975) is a British actor, singer
and weather presenter. He is known for his role of Lenny Wallace in BBC's EastEnders. In 2007, he became the weatherman for BBC's East Midlands Today but was fired in 2011. In 2016, he joined ITV Central's ITV News Central as the weather presenter.

Coleman spent time in prison in his twenties. While at acting school, Coleman was diagnosed with a form of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. He is in remission.

In November 2018, Coleman was rushed to hospital after a collapse due to hemorrhage in the bowels. He underwent surgery to remove tumors in his bowel and spent two days on life-support. He made a recovery three months later in February 2019.

References

Other websites

Ratpack singer's weather calling

1965 births
Living people
Cancer survivors
English movie actors
English television actors
English stage actors
English singers
English television presenters
BBC people
People from Derby
Actors from Derbyshire
2003 Cricket World Cup

The 2003 ICC Cricket World Cup was the eighth edition of the tournament. It was the first World Cup held in Africa, co-hosted by South Africa, Zimbabwe and Kenya. Australia won the tournament for the third time, defeating India in the final.

Other websites

Cricket World Cup 2003 at BBC Sport
Cricket World Cup 2003 at ESPN Cricinfo
Cricket World Cup 2003 at Guardian.co.uk Sport
Dieter Enders

Dieter Enders (17 March 1946 – 29 June 2019) was a German organic chemist. He was known for his work creating asymmetric synthesis, such as using modified prolines as asymmetric auxiliaries. He was born in Butzbach, Hesse. Enders worked at RWTH Aachen University in Aachen, North Rhine-Westphalia.

Enders died on 29 June 2019 in Aachen at the age of 73.

References

Other websites
 Dieter Enders Home Page 
 Curriculum Vitae Prof. Dr. Dieter Enders 

1946 births
2019 deaths
German chemists
Astrid North

Astrid North (born Astrid Karina North Radmann; 24 August 1973 – 25 June 2019) was a German soul singer and songwriter. She was the singer of the German band . She released five albums with them. She was also a guest singer of the band  for which she published three albums. North was born in Berlin.

North died on 25 June 2019 from pancreatic cancer in Berlin, aged 45.

References

Other websites

 
 
 
 
 

1973 births
2019 deaths
Deaths from pancreatic cancer
German singers
Songwriters
Writers from Berlin
M. J. Radhakrishnan

M. J. Radhakrishnan (1957/1958 – 12 July 2019) was an Indian cinematographer. He worked in Malayalam movies. He was born in Punalur, Kollam. His best known works included Deshadanam, Karunam and Naalu Pennungal. 

Radhakrishnan died on 12 July 2019 from cardiac arrest at a hospital in Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala at the age of 61.

References

1950s births
2019 deaths
Deaths from cardiac arrest
Indian cinematographers
Claudio Naranjo

Claudio Benjamín Naranjo Cohen (24 November 1932 – 12 July 2019) was a Chilean-born American psychiatrist and writer. He was known as an important person in integrating psychotherapy and the spiritual traditions. He was known as the co-creator of the Enneagram of Personality theories and a founder of the Seekers After Truth Institute. 

Naranjo died on 12 July 2019 at his home in Berkeley, California at the age of 86.

References

Other websites
 Fundación Claudio Naranjo
 Claudio Naranjo's personal website
 Claudio Naranjo by Ginger Lapid-Bogda 

1932 births
2019 deaths
Chilean scientists
American psychiatrists
Thousand Palms, California

Thousand Palms is a census-designated place (CDP) in the Coachella Valley of Riverside County, California, United States. The population was 7,715 at the 2010 census, up from 5,120 at the 2000 census. Thousand Palms is located at .

References

Census-designated places in California
Settlements in Riverside County, California
Rumen Surdzhiyski

Rumen Ivanov Surdzhiyski (Bulgarian: Ру́мен Ивано́в Сурджийски; 24 September 1943 – 11 July 2019) was a Bulgarian movie director and screenwriter. His career began in 1968. He was born in Glozhene, Vratsa Province, Bulgaria. Surdzhiyski was known for his movies Swan (1976), Snapshots as Souvenirs (1979) and Place Under the Sun (1986).

Surdzhiyski died on 11 July 2019 in Sofia at the age of 75.

Notes

Other websites
 
 National Academy for Theater and Film Arts (NATFA) “Krastyo Sarafov”
 Dobrich Drama Theatre "Yordan Yovkov"

1943 births
2019 deaths
Bulgarian writers
Screenwriters
Movie directors
Asasey hotel attack

On 12 July 2019, al-Shabaab militants launched an attack on the Asasey hotel in Kismayo, Somalia. 

Two notable journalists were killed in the attack including a Somali Canadian, Hodan Nalayeh. Three Kenyans, three Tanzanians, two Americans and a Briton were also killed in the attack.

References

2019 mass shootings
2019 explosions in Africa
2010s murders in Africa
21st century in Somalia
Al-Shabaab (militant group)
Attacks on buildings and structures in 2019
Attacks on hotels
Building bombings in Africa
Islamic terrorist incidents in 2019
Islamic terrorist incidents in Africa
July 2019 events
Mass murder in 2019
Mass murder in Africa
Mass shootings in Africa
Suicide bombings in 2019
Suicide bombings in Africa
Suicide car and truck bombings
Terrorist incidents in Africa in the 2010s
Hodan Nalayeh

Hodan Nalayeh (; ;  1976 – July 12, 2019) was a Somali-Canadian media executive, marketing consultant, social activist and businesswoman. She was the President of the Cultural Integration Agency and the Vice President of Sales & Programming Development of Cameraworks Productions International. She was also a television producer who worked on American Idol and So You Think You Can Dance. She was born in Las Anod, Somalia.

She lived in Toronto, Ontario. Nalayeh and her husband Farid were killed during a terrorist attack at Hotel Asasey in Kismayo, Somalia, on July 12, 2019.

References

Other websites
International Award-Winning, Cameraworks Productions, Introduces VP, Sales & Programming Development - Hodan Nalayeh 

1976 births
2019 deaths
Murder victims
Television producers
Activists
Canadian philanthropists
Canadian businesspeople
Somali people
People from Toronto
Plains, Pennsylvania

Plains is a census-designated place (CDP) in Plains Township, Luzerne County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population of the CDP was 4,335 at the 2010 census, out of 9,961 in the entire township.

References

Census-designated places in Pennsylvania
Lackawanna County, Pennsylvania

Lackawanna County is a county in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. As of the 2010 census, the population was 214,437. Its county seat and largest city is Scranton.

References

19th-century establishments in Pennsylvania
1878 establishments in the United States
Pennsylvania counties
Joseph Edward Kurtz

Joseph Edward Kurtz (born August 18, 1946) is an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He is the fourth and current Archbishop of Louisville, Kentucky since 2007. He was the Bishop of Knoxville, Tennessee from 1999 to 2007. Kurtz also was the President of the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops between 2013 and 2016.

Kurtz was born in Mahanoy City, Pennsylvania. He was raised in Scranton, Pennsylvania. In July 2019, Kurtz was diagnosed with a form of bladder cancer.

References

Other websites
Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Louisville Official Site

1946 births
Living people
American Roman Catholics
Bishops
People with cancer
People from Scranton, Pennsylvania
People from Knoxville, Tennessee
People from Louisville, Kentucky
Mahanoy City, Pennsylvania

Mahanoy City (pronounced MAHA-noy) is a borough located  southwest of Wilkes-Barre and 13 miles southwest of Hazleton. It is located entirely within but is not part of Mahanoy Township. As of the 2010 census, the population was 4,162.

References

Boroughs in Pennsylvania
Social gadfly

A social gadfly is a term for people who like to upset the status quo by asking upsetting or original questions. A gadfly tries to stimulate innovation by annoying others. 

This word was coined by Socrates

Words
Georgian Bay Islands National Park

Georgian Bay Islands National Park () is a national park in Simcoe County, Ontario, Canada. The park is made up of 63 different small islands and parts of islands in Georgian Bay near Port Severn, Ontario. The largest island in the park is Beausoleil Island.

Other websites

National parks in Canada
1920s establishments in Canada
1929 establishments in North America
Geography of Ontario
Orlando Pride

Orlando Pride are are a soccer team founded in 2015. 

2015 establishments
Chandrayaan-2

Chandrayaan-2, meaning Lunar Craft or Moon Craft, ( ) is India's second moon mission after Chandrayaan-1. Made by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), the mission was launched from the second launch pad at Satish Dhawan Space Centre on 22 July 2019 at 2:43 PM IST (09:13 UTC) to the Moon by a Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle Mark III (GSLV Mk III). A proper landing on the lunar south pole would make India the 4th country to achieve a soft landing on the Moon, after the space agencies of the USA, USSR, and China. The mission landing was expected on 7 September 2019 at 01:55 AM IST (6 September 2019, 20:25 UTC)  but crashed when it lost communication at a 2100 metre altitude.

History 
On 12 November 2007, the Russian Federal Space Agency (Roscosmos) and ISRO agreed to work together on the Chandrayaan-2 project. ISRO would be in charge of the orbiter and rover, while Roscosmos was to build the lander.  The design of the spacecraft was completed in August 2009, with scientists of both countries conducting a joint review.

Although ISRO finalised the payload for Chandrayaan-2 on schedule, the mission was moved to 2016 because Russia was unable to build the lander on time. When Russia decided it would not be able to build a lander by 2015, India decided to develop the lunar mission on its own.

The spacecraft's launch had been scheduled for March 2018, but was delayed. Two of the lander's legs got minor damage during one of the tests in February 2019, making the launch date even later.

Goals 
The main goals of Chandrayaan-2 are to demonstrate the ability to soft-land on the lunar surface and operate a robotic rover on the surface. Studies of lunar topography,mineralogy, elemental abundance, the lunar exosphere, and signatures of hydroxyl and water ice are the scientific goals. The orbiter will survey the lunar surface and help to prepare 3D maps of it. The onboard radar will also survey the surface while studying the water ice in the lunar south pole and thickness of the Lunar soil on the surface.

References 

India
Planetary rovers
September 2019 events
Kanchi Natarajan Gandhi

botanist and curator

This author is usually abbreviated «Gandhi» when citing a botanical name.

Taxa named by Gandhi

Piptochaetium fuscum  Barworth, Cialdella et Gandhi

Botanists
Cisco Systems

Cisco Systems, Inc. is an American multinational technology conglomerate headquartered in San Jose, California, in the center of Silicon Valley.  Cisco develops, manufactures and sells networking hardware, telecommunications equipment and other high-technology services and products. Through its numerous acquired subsidiaries, such as OpenDNS, WebEx, Jabber and Jasper, Cisco specializes into specific tech markets, such as Internet of Things (IoT), domain security and energy management.

Cisco stock was added to the Dow Jones Industrial Average on June 8, 2009, and is also included in the S&P 500 Index, the Russell 1000 Index, NASDAQ-100 Index and the Russell 1000 Growth Stock Index.

Cisco Systems was founded in December 1984 by Leonard Bosack and Sandy Lerner, two Stanford University computer scientists. They pioneered the concept of a local area network (LAN) being used to connect geographically disparate computers over a multiprotocol router system. By the time the company went public in 1990, Cisco had a market capitalization of $224 million. By the end of the dot-com bubble in the year 2000, Cisco had a more than $500 billion market capitalization.

References 

American computer hardware manufacturers
1984 establishments in California
Companies based  in the San Francisco Bay Area
Multinational technology companies
Sunninghill Park

Sunninghill Park was a country house and estate of about  directly north of Cheapside. 

The early 19th century house burned down in 1947 and a replacement was built in the grounds during the final years of the 1980s to be the official residence of the Duke of York from 1990 until 2004; it was sold in 2007. The house fell into disrepair and was demolished in 2016.

First house 
Sunninghill Park was originally part of Windsor Forest until 1630, when King Charles I granted it to Thomas Carey. The first significant house was built on the estate in the late Georgian period in the early 19th century, being a stucco building of two stories with later additions.

It served as the headquarters of the American Ninth Air Force from November 1943 to September 1944. The Crown Estate Commissioners purchased the property from Philip Hill in 1945. The main house was to be occupied by Princess Elizabeth (later Queen Elizabeth II) and her future husband, Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, after their wedding in November 1947. However, the house burned down on 30 August 1947 before their wedding, so they rented Windlesham Moor instead. In the mid-1960s, the site was considered for a new home for Princess Margaret.

Second house 

In 1986, the walled garden of  was purchased from the Crown Estate Commissioners on behalf of Queen Elizabeth II. Construction commenced on a two-storey red brick house the following year, for it to be the home of the Duke and Duchess of York and was completed in 1990.

Following the death of Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother in 2002, it was announced that the Duke of York was to be designated her former home Royal Lodge, Windsor instead. The Duke of York and his former wife shared the family's home until 2004, when he moved to the Royal Lodge, the refurbishment of which was funded by taking out a mortgage on Sunninghill Park. The Duchess of York moved out in 2006. 

The house fell into an increasing state of disrepair. By 2009, it had "doors hanging open, weeds sprouting through the terrace paving, windows broken, grass growing through the cover over the empty swimming pool, peeling paintwork and a general air of dereliction." In July 2009, Bracknell Forest Borough Council were said to be considering seizing the property under the Housing Act 2004 and using it as a homeless shelter, following several reported break-ins. In 2013 the owner was granted planning permission to demolish it and replace it with a larger house, and in 2014, photos showed the former royal home appeared to be seriously dilapidated. Demolition was temporarily halted when more than 100 bats were found roosting under its roof, before its actual demolition.

References

Other websites 
Pathé film of the first house after it was destroyed by fire 

Royal residences in the United Kingdom
Berkshire
SkyTeam Cargo

SkyTeam Cargo is a global cargo alliance in which all members are also members of the SkyTeam airline alliance. SkyTeam Cargo is the largest cargo alliance, it competes with the WOW Alliance.

Following the founding of the SkyTeam on 22 June 2000, the creation of its cargo division, SkyTeam Cargo, was announced in September that year. The alliance's inaugural members were Aeroméxico Cargo, Air France Cargo, Delta Air Logistics, and Korean Air Cargo, whose passenger airline operations are members of SkyTeam.

Members

References

Other websites
Official website of SkyTeam

Airline alliances
Maraging Steel

Maraging steels are carbon free iron-nickel alloys with additions of cobalt, molybdenum, titanium and aluminium. The term maraging is derived from the strengthening mechanism, which is transforming the alloy to martensite with subsequent age hardening.
2019 Audi Cup

The 2019 Audi Cup (the sixth edition of the Audi Cup) will be a two-day football tournament in Munich, Germany. The participating teams are Bayern Munich, Real Madrid, Tottenham Hotspur, and Fenerbahçe.

References 

July 2019 events
2019 in association football
2019 in Europe
2010s in Munich
Audi Cup
Aranyaka

The Aranyakas (; Sanskrit:  )  is the philosophy behind sacrifice of the ancient Hindu sacred texts, the Vedas. They are usually part of the later parts of Vedas, and are one of many layers of the Vedic text. The other parts of Vedas are the Samhitas (benedictions, hymns), Brahmanas (commentary), and the Upanishads (spirituality and abstract philosophy).

References

Other reading
 Jan Gonda (1975), A History of Indian Literature: Volume 1, Vedic Literature: (Saṃhitās and Brāhmaṇas), Otto Harrassowitz Verlag, , Chapter IX: The Āraṇyakas (For context, see other chapters as well).

Other websites

Hindu texts
Time in India

The Republic of India uses one time zone, which is Indian Standard Time (IST). This is 5:30 hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. India does not observe Daylight Saving Time (DST).

Other time zones 
 Bombay Time (UTC+04:51)
 Madras Time (UTC+05:21)
 Calcutta Time (UTC+05:54)
 Chaibagaan Time (UTC+06:30)

Related pages 
 Daylight Saving Time

Time zones
India
Eurovision Song Contest 2020

The Eurovision Song Contest 2020 is a singing competition that was to be held in The Netherlands, after Duncan Laurence won the Eurovision Song Contest 2019 with the song ”Arcade”.

On 18 March 2020, it was announced that the contest would be cancelled due to the 2019–20 coronavirus pandemic in Europe. It's the first in the history of the contest to be cancelled.

After the show was cancelled, the European Broadcasting Union organised a replacement show called Eurovision: Europe Shine a Light, to show the selected entries in place of the Grand Final on 16 May. Rotterdam has remained as the host city of the next year's contest.

References

Other websites

2020s in the Netherlands
2020 in Europe
2020 in entertainment
Eurovision Song Contest
Rotterdam
Brian Giles

Brian Stephen Giles (JAYH-ulz; born January 20, 1971) is a former Major League Baseball outfielder. During his career he played for the Cleveland Indians, Pittsburgh Pirates and San Diego Padres. The left-handed Giles was a two-time All-Star and had a career line of .291/.400/.502 with 287 home runs, 411 doubles, 1,078 runs batted in (RBI), and 1,183 walks in 1,847 games.  Although a bit suspect with the glove, Giles was a do-it-all batter at the plate, posting one of the highest OPS of all-time.  During his prime, Giles carried a stagnant Pittsburgh Pirates offense as the main batting prowess outside of Aramis Ramírez in the lineup and posted an OPS over 1.  He received MVP votes every year during this time.

Giles was known for his unique, low-crouched batting stance at the plate, similar to Jeff Bagwell.

His younger brother, Marcus Giles, is a former Major League infielder who was most notable for playing with the Atlanta Braves organization.

1971 births
Baseball players from California
Cleveland Indians players
Living people
Pittsburgh Pirates players
San Diego Padres players