cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Jordan Galland

Jordan Galland is a singer-songwriter and an award winning
 Domino's song "Tropical Moonlight" is on the soundtrack of the movie 21.
Numerous song contributions in National Lampoons' Adam and Eve.
 Another band of Galland's, Dopo Yume, had a song on The O.C., in the episode "The Day After Tomorrow". 
Galland played the electric piano on Mark Ronson's album Version
 Galland's band Domino opened for Lily Allen in New York in 2006

Filmography

References

Other websites
 Jordan Galland official website
 

1980 births
Living people
Singer-songwriters from New York
American rock guitarists
American movie actors
Singers from New York City
Actors from New York City
Singers from Connecticut
Actors from Connecticut
American movie directors
Great Sphinx

The Great Sphinx is at Giza near Cairo in Egypt. It sits in a depression to the south of the pyramid of the Pharaoh Khafre (Chephren) at the west bank of the Nile River. The Sphinx is a stone sculpture of a creature with a human head and a lion's body. The greatest monumental sculpture in the ancient world, its body is 200 feet (60m) long and 65 feet (20m) tall. Its face is 13 feet (4m) wide.

It is the oldest known monumental sculpture in Egypt. It is thought to have been built by ancient Egyptians of the Old Kingdom in the reign of the Pharaoh Khafre (c. 2558–2532 BC). 

The Great Sphinx does not appear in any known inscription of the Old Kingdom. There are no inscriptions anywhere describing its construction or its original purpose. In the New Kingdom, the Sphinx was called Hor-em-akhet (English: Horus of the Horizon), and the pharaoh Thutmose IV (1401–1391 or 1397–1388 BC) referred to it in his "Dream Stele".

The purpose of the Sphinx is not known. Some archaeologists assume that it was a memorial to a Pharaoh or that it functioned as some sort of talisman or guardian god. Other scholars believe the Sphinx as an astronomical observation device that marked the position of the rising sun on the day of the spring equinox in the time of Leo the Lion.

The statue is eroding today because of wind and humidity and the smog from Cairo. Attempts to restore it have often caused more harm than good. Present attempts at restoration are under the control of the Supreme Council of Antiquities' archaeologists. They are working to drain away underground water.

References 

Buildings and structures in Ancient Egypt
Archaeological sites in Egypt
Giza
Puttad

Puttad is a small village near Perambra in Kozhikode district, Kerala, south-west India.

People here grow banana and tapioca for money.  Coconut farming also is a main source of income. Animal produce is also another source of income.

Villages in Kerala
Bingen, Washington

Bingen is a city in Klickitat County, Washington, United States.  About 670 people were living in Bingen as of the year 2000.  Bingen has an area of 0.7 square miles and is on the edge of the Columbia River.

References 

Cities in Washington (U.S. state)
Cherryade

Cherryade is a fizzy soft drink made from cherry juice. Cherryade was first made in the 19th century, along with other drinks like limeade and ginger beer, which had been made because lemonade was very popular.

References 

Soft drinks
Kingdom of Ireland

The Kingdom of Ireland () was a country in Western Europe. It was created by King Henry VIII of England by an act of the Irish Parliament in 1541. It had been a colony previously. It was subservient to England partially because of a law passed by the Irish Parliament during Henry VII's reign called Poynings's law which was sponsored by Sir Edward Poynings the Lord Deputy and gave the English Parliament power to veto Irish legislation.  It was abolished in 1801 when it joined the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Its lands are now part of two states. These states are the Republic of Ireland and the United Kingdom. The lands in the United Kingdom have the name Northern Ireland.

History of Ireland
Xylophone

A xylophone is a musical instrument that is part of the percussion family. It belongs to the group which is often called "pitched percussion" or tuned percussion because it can play different pitches and is a different way of expressing the sound that it creats. (notes). Xylophones have bars which are made of wood. People play the xylophone by hitting the bars with a mallet (a kind of drum stick). Each piece of wood is a different length, so they play different notes when they are hit. The bars are arranged like the keys of a piano. Underneath the bars there are long tubes, called resonators, which make the sound last longer.

The modern orchestral xylophone developed from xylophones found in Africa and Asia. It came as a folk instrument to countries in Central Europe. It was first used in an orchestra by Humperdinck in his opera Hansel and Gretel. It was also used by Saint-Saëns in his Danse macabre where it is supposed to sound like a skeleton, and in his Carnival of the Animals where it is supposed to sound like fossils.

Kyle Reilly will use the xylophone in the song "Island of Misfit Toys" for SATB choir and orchestra.

The xylophone is usually played so that the music sounds an octave higher than written. Because the sound is always very short the xylophone is often used for short solo tunes which are fast and dry.

The marimba is a kind of xylophone which has a softer sound and more bars, especially low notes. It is not often used in older orchestra music.

Xylophones and marimbas are usually played with two mallets, but it is possible for good players to play with four (two in each hand).

Related pages
 Vibraphone
 Glockenspiel

References 
 The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Musical Instruments, Könemann 

Percussion instruments
Titanis

Titanis was a  prehistoric flightless bird. Its name means 'giant'. Titanis was a genus of terror birds (the Phorusrhacidae). They were dominant land carnivores in South America through much of the Cainozoic.

Gruiformes
Fossils
Pendulum clock

A pendulum clock is a clock that uses a pendulum, a swinging weight, as its timekeeping element.  It was invented in 1656 by Christiaan Huygens.  From the year 1656 until the 1930s, the pendulum clock was the world's most accurate way of keeping time.  This is what caused it to be used by a lot of people all over the place.

Clocks
Nagoya Grampus

, formerly known as Nagoya Grampus Eight, is a Japanese professional football club in Nagoya.

History
The club was founded in 1938.
 1939-1992 Toyota Motors SC
 1992-2007 Nagoya Grampus Eight
 2008-present Nagoya Grampus

League title 
 Japan Soccer League Division 2 : 1
 1972
 J1 League : 1
 2010

League position 
2011 : J1 League - 2nd
2012 : J1 League - 7th
2013 : J1 League - 11th
2014 : J1 League - 10th
2015 : J1 League - 9th
2016 : J1 League - 16th
2017 : J2 League - 3rd
2018 : J1 League - 15th
2019 : J1 League - 13th
2020 : J1 League - 3rd

Former position

Notable achievement 
The team has some notable achievements.

In 2010, Keiji Tamada made three goals in one game against Shimizu S-Pulse.

Related pages 
 Sports in Japan
 List of Japanese football teams
 List of Nagoya Grampus players

References

Other websites

 Nagoya Grampus website  

Japanese football clubs
Nagoya
1939 establishments
1930s establishments in Japan
Marine One

Marine One is the call sign for any Marine aircraft carrying the President of the United States. Also, Marine Two is the call sign of any Marine aircraft carrying the Vice President of the United States. If both the President and Vice President are on the same Marine aircraft, the aircraft gets the Marine One call sign.

United States
Bibimbap

Bibimbap is one of the most famous Korean traditional foods. The word bibimbap means stirred or mixed rice. It is served as a bowl of rice with more ingredients on it. These ingredients can include some vegetables (spinach, herbs, potherb, and gosari). Beef or seafood can be added too.

History of Bibimbap 
There are some theories or stories about the origin of Bibimbap. It was the first written about in a cook book in the late 1800s. The first theory is the "palace food theory". It says that bibimbap was served as a light meal whenever the king wanted something to eat.

The second theory is the "meal for peasants during the farming season". As it was too difficult for peasants to have regular meals during the farming season, they would use a single bowl, where rice was combined with vegetables.

The third theory is the "Donghak uprising theory". When Donghak uprising broke out in the Jeolla provinces in 1894, the Donghak peasants were forced to mix their rice with side dishes because they didn't have enough plates or bowls.

Value of Bibimbap 
Because Bibimbap has many ingredients, it contains a lot of nutrition. Also, its color and appearance, can be very different. It is easy to prepare and clean up because it is all packed in one bowl.

References 

 "비빔밥". Encyclopedia of Korean National Culture (Empas). Retrieved on 2006-12-06. 

Korean food
Grand Korean Waterway

The Grand Korean Waterway plan, officially known as the Pan Korea Grand Waterway (한반도대운하, 韓半島大運河), consists of 3 canals. They are called the Seoul-Busan Canal (GyeongBu Canal,경부운하), the Honam Canal (호남운하), and the North Korea Canal (BukHan Canal, 북한운하).

The Seoul-Busan Canal runs between Seoul and Busan,  two of South Korea's largest cities, and connecting the Han River and Nakdong River. Then the Honam Canal, which runs through ChungCheongBuk-do, ChungCheongNam-do, JeollaBuk-do, and JeollaNam-do, connects Geum River and YeongSan River. The North Korea Canal would connect SinUiJu-Pyongyang-GaeSeong, Wonsan-GaeSeong. 

The canal was a project headed by Lee Myung Bak, who South Korea's president  from 2008 to 2013. It is hugely controversial.  Many Koreans object to this plan. Former president Lee said that he would not carry out this plan if many people objected to this idea, but there was a person who works in the Korea Institute of Construction Technology (한국건설기술연구원) has confessed that government's 'Four-Major-River Arrangement Plan' is a canal project in reality.

GyeongBu Canal
The major canal in this plan is the GyeongBu Canal (Seoul-Busan Canal, 경부운하).

Route
The GyeongBu Canal starts in Seoul, the capital of South Korea. It flows along the Han River, and encounter with mountains. And then 40 km-long tunnel begins, connecting the Han River with the Nakdong River.

Controversy
Many Koreans are anxious about this plan. Critics of the plan say that this canal is not efficient at all. They say that mountains along the proposed route would make it difficult and expensive to construct. Currently, the major transportation method on the GyeongBu (Seoul-Busan) line is road transport, which takes 5 hours. 

However, ships following the GyeongBu Canal will take 25 hours to finish the trip. Critics believe this plan would just be a waste of money. In addition, it could be harmful to the environment and damage cultural treasures. On the other hand, supporters of this plan say that this canal will lessen congestion on the GyeongBu Expressway and GyeongBu Railroad line. Furthermore, sand from dredging the river bed could be sold for use in construction. They argue that this money could be used to fund the construction of the canals. However, critics argue that sand prices will be so cheap that little money will be earned from selling the sand. They say that it is only beneficial to the construction industry.

Related pages
Korea
South Korea
North Korea
Canal

References

Supporters of this plan 
Critics of this plan 

Canals
Geography of South Korea
Parallelism (grammar)

Parallelism refers to words, phrases, or clauses that are very much alike. They have the same grammatical structure and are said to be in balance. This makes the writing easier to read.

Grammar
Tropical Storm Arthur (2008)

Tropical Storm Arthur was the first tropical storm to form in May since 1981.  Arthur was a weak tropical storm that affected Central America. Arthur was the first tropical storm of the 2008 Atlantic hurricane season. Arthur formed from the remains of dissipating Tropical Storm Alma which crossed Central America from the Pacific Ocean. Arthur caused nine deaths in Belize and caused $78 million in damage.

References

2008 Atlantic hurricane season
2008 in North America
2000s in Belize
Tropical Storm Fay (2008)

Tropical Storm Fay was the sixth tropical storm of the 2008 Atlantic hurricane season. Tropical Storm Fay caused flooding in Haiti, the next three storms would do that same thing (Gustav, Hanna, and Ike). Tropical Storm Fay made landfall in Florida four times, beating a record from Hurricane Gordon in 1994, which made landfall in Florida three times.  Fay left $560 million in damage and killed 36 people.

Meteorological history

Fay started as a tropical wave off of Africa on August 7. It did not become a tropical depression until August 15. Shortly later it became Tropical Storm Fay. Fay then crossed Dominican Republic and Haiti. 
Fay continued west and made two landfalls in Cuba. One in Cabo Cruz on August 17 and Cienfuegos on August 18, at both landfalls Fay had winds of 50 mph.  
Fay made its first landfall in Florida at Key West also on August 18 winds were at 60 mph. 
The next day Fay made landfall in Cape Romano, Florida while winds were at 65 mph. Fay moved over Florida and strangely strengthened while over Florida. Fay moved off of Florida near Melbourne. Fay moved north just off of Florida and made another landfall in Flagler Beach, Florida on August 21 while winds were at 65 mph. 
Fay moved into the Gulf of Mexico and then made her fourth and final landfall in Florida on August 23. Fay became extratropical on August 27 and also died on August 27.

Aftermath
Even though Fay caused a lot of damage it was not retired, Fay is on the list of names in 2014.

Reference

Other websites
 HPC rainfall page for 2008 Tropical Cyclones 
 National Hurricane Center Website
 National Hurricane Center's Atlantic Tropical Weather Outlook
 TS Fay Spotlight from the Central Florida Hurricane Center

2008 Atlantic hurricane season
Atlantic tropical storms
August events
2008 in the United States
2000s in Puerto Rico
2000s in the Dominican Republic
2000s in Haiti
2000s in Jamaica
2000s in Cuba
2000s in the Bahamas
Hurricane Gustav

Hurricane Gustav was one of 16 named storms, one of seven hurricanes, and one of five major hurricanes in the 2008 Atlantic hurricane season. Hurricane Gustav form on August 25, made landfall in three countries, Haiti, Cuba, and the United States, the storm died on September 4. Gustav caused about $6.61 Billion in damage, also 112 direct and 41 indirect deaths.

Retirement 

In the spring of 2009 the name Gustav was retired, it was replaced by Gonzalo in 2014.

Related pages
 2008 Atlantic hurricane season
 List of Atlantic hurricanes
 List of Atlantic hurricane seasons
 List of tropical cyclones

References

Other websites 
 National Hurricane Center's Archive for Hurricane Gustav

2008 Atlantic hurricane season
Category 4 Atlantic hurricanes
Hurricanes in Jamaica
Hurricane Kyle (2008)

Hurricane Kyle was the eleventh tropical storm and sixth hurricane of the 2008 Atlantic hurricane season. As a low pressure area, it moved slowly across Puerto Rico and Hispaniola. The low dumped heavy rains across those islands.

It later dumped heavy rain Puerto Rico. That resulted in six deaths and $48 million in damage.

A hurricane watch was put up for Maine on September 27. This was the first hurricane watch in 17 years in the state. Elsewhere in New England, the last hurricane watch was 12 years earlier when Hurricane Edouard brushed eastern Massachusetts.

The storm produced high waves along the coasts of Rhode Island and Connecticut. A newly married couple was killed when high waves knocked the wife into rocky shores. Her husband jumped in to save her. He was overcome by the waves himself.

It later struck west-central Nova Scotia as a mild hurricane. When it struck, its winds were near 75 mph. Damage was minor, at $9 million USD.

References

Hurricanes in New England
2008 in weather
2008 in the United States
Tropical Storm Marco (2008)

Tropical Storm Marco was the smallest tropical cyclone ever. It was the 13th named storm of the 2008 Atlantic hurricane season. Marco started from a large storm over the northwestern Caribbean Sea during late September 2008. It later became a tropical depression. Marco reached its peak strength with winds of 65 miles per hour (100 km/h) on October 7. Marco hit land near Misantla, Veracruz. Because it was a very small storm, Marco caused little damage.

Atlantic tropical storms
2008 Atlantic hurricane season
October events
Hurricanes in Mexico
2008 in North America
2000s in Mexico
Baobab

Baobab is the common name of a genus of trees (Adansonia). There are a total of eight types of its kind: six species live in the drier parts of Madagascar, two in mainland Africa, one in Australia and three in India. It is the national tree of Madagascar.

Other names 
Other common names include 'boab', 'boaboa', 'bottle tree', 'the tree of life', 'upside-down tree', and 'monkey bread tree'. The trees reach heights of 5 to 30 meters (16 to 98 ft) and trunk diameters of 7 to 11 meters (23 to 36 ft.). Its trunk can hold up to 120,000 liters of water. For most of the year, the tree is leafless, and looks very much like it has its roots sticking up in the air.

Medicinal uses 
Baobabs are one of the largest and most important trees in all of where they grow, as they are able to provide shelter and wood. The leaves of the tree are used for making soup and the tree has some medicinal purposes in some regions of Africa for treating ailments such as wounds, diarrhea, asthma, fever, and malaria.

Long life of baobab tree 
The trees are long-lived, but just how long is disputed. The owners of Sunland Farm in Limpopo, South Africa have built a pub called "The Big Baobab Pub" inside the hollow trunk of the  high tree.  The tree is 47 m (155 ft) in circumference, and is said to have been carbon dated at over 6,000 years old.

Other uses 
The baobab tree is known as the tree of life, with good reason. It can provide shelter, clothing, food, and water for the animal and human inhabitants of the African savannah regions. The cork-like bark and huge stem are fire resistant and are used for making cloth and rope. The leaves are used as condiments and medicines. The fruit, called "monkey bread", is edible, and full of vitamin C. As of 2010 experts estimate the potential international market at a billion dollars($US) a year.

The fruit has a velvety shell and is about the size of a coconut, weighing about . It has a somewhat acidic flavour, described as 'somewhere between grapefruit, pear, and vanilla'.

The tree can store hundreds of liters of water, which is an adaptation to the harsh drought conditions of its environment. The tree may be tapped in dry periods.

Mature trees are usually hollow, providing living space for many animals and humans. Trees are even used as bars, barns, wine and beer shops and more.

References 

Malvaceae
Trees
Hurricane Kenneth (2005)

Hurricane Kenneth was the strongest hurricane in the 2005 Pacific hurricane season. After the hurricane died out, what was left of Kenneth came near another weather system, and it caused rain on the Hawaiian Islands. Because of the heavy rain, there was flooding. At Nu‘uanu Pali on Oahu, the rain reached 10.25 inches (260.4 mm). The rain was so heavy that 4.11 inches (104 mm) fell in one hour. The rain reached 12 inches (305 mm) in other areas. This made Kenneth tied for the 9th rainiest tropical storm in Hawaii. One example of the flooding was 1 foot (300 mm) of water on Hawaii Route 61. This flooded a few houses. There was flooding on some rivers. 

Kenneth caused stormy seas along the coast. Waves were between 8 and 10 feet (2 and 3 metres) high. These high waves crashed along the east shores of these islands:
Hawaii
Kauai
Molokai
Maui
Oahu.
There was no bad damage, and no people were killed by Kenneth.

Related pages
2005 Atlantic hurricane season
 Tropical cyclone

References

21st century in Hawaii
East Pacific hurricanes
Hurricanes
2005 in the United States
Orange-red

Orange-red is a color. It is a combination of red and orange.

Meaning of orange-red

 Orange-red is a bright vibrant color which symbolizes physical energy.

Tones of orange-red color comparison chart
 Melon (Crayola) (Hex: #FEBAAD) (RGB: 254, 186, 173)
 Light Salmon Pink (Hex: #FF9999) (RGB: 255, 153, 153)
 Salmon Pink (Crayola "Salmon") (Hex: #FF91A4) (RGB: 255, 145, 164)
 Medium Salmon (Hex: #FF8C69) (RGB: 255, 140, 105)
 Salmon (web color) (Hex: #FA8072) (RGB: 250, 128, 114)
 Coral Pink (Hex: #F88379) (RGB: 248, 131, 121)
 Light Coral (web color) (Hex: #F08080) (RGB: 240, 128, 128)
 Bittersweet (Crayola) (Hex: #FE6F5E) (RGB: 254, 111, 94) 
 Terracotta (Hex: #E2725B) (RGB: 226, 114, 91) 
 Tea Rose (orange) (Hex: #F88379) (RGB: 248, 131, 121)
 Vivid Tangerine (Crayola) (Tangerine Sherbet) (Hex: #FF9980) (RGB: 255, 153, 128)
 Atomic Tangerine (Crayola) (Hex: #FF9966) (RGB: 255, 153, 102)
 Tangerine (Hex: #F28500) (RGB: 243, 132, 0)
 Pumpkin (Hex: #FF7518) (RGB: 152, 118, 54)
<li style = "background-color: #ff681f;"> Rich Orange (Crayola Orange) (Hex: #FF681F) (RGB: 255, 104, 31)<li>
<li style = "background-color: #ff6600;"> Safety Orange (Blaze Orange) (Hex: #FF6600) (RGB: 255, 102, 0)<li>
<li style = "background-color: #ff6103;"> Cadmium Orange (Xona.com Color List) (Hex: #FF6103) (RGB: 255, 97, 3)<li>
<li style = "background-color: #ec5800;"> Persimmon (Hex: #EC5800) (RGB: 236, 88, 0)<li>
<li style = "background-color: #f94d00;"> Tangelo (Hex: #F94D00) (RGB: 249, 77, 0)<li>
<li style = "background-color: #e34234;"> Vermilion (Cinnabar) (Hex: #F34234) (RGB: 227, 66, 52)<li>
 Coquelicot (Red Poppy) (Hex: #FF3800) (RGB: 255, 56, 0)
<li style = "background-color: #d9603b;"> Medium Vermilion (Plochere Vermilion) (Hex: #D9603B) (RGB: 217, 96, 59)<li>
<li style = "background-color: #ff3f34;"> Red-Orange (Crayola) (Hex: #FF3F34) (RGB: 255, 63, 52)<li>
<li style = "background-color: #ff3f00;"> Mandarin Red (Electric Vermilion) (Hex: #FF3F00) (RGB: 255, 63, 0)<li>
<li style="background-color: #ff4500;"> Orange-Red (web color) (Hex: #FF4500) (RGB: 255, 69, 0)<li>
<li style = "background-color: #fc5110;"> Sunny Orange (Colour Lovers 2010 Color of the Year) (Hex: #FC5110) (RGB: 252, 81, 16)<li>
<li style = "background-color: #ff4f00;"> International Orange (Hex: #FF4F00) (RGB: 255, 79, 0)<li>
<li style = "background-color: #ff6037;"> Ultra Orange (Crayola) (Outrageous Orange) (Hex: #FF6037) (RGB: 255, 96, 55)<li>
<li style = "background-color: #ff6347;"> Tomato (web color) (Hex: #FF6347) (RGB: 255, 99, 71)<li>
 Tenne (Tawny) (Hex: #CD5700) (RGB: 205, 87, 0) 	 
 Burnt Orange (Hex: #CC5500) (RGB: 204, 85, 0)
 Mahogany (Hex: #C04000) (RGB: 192, 64, 0)  	
 Dark Terra Cotta (Hex: #CC4E3C) (RGB: 204, 78, 92) 
 Dark Coral (Hex: #CD5B45) (RGB: 205, 91, 69)
 Chestnut (Indian Red [web color]) (Hex: #CD5C5C) (RGB: 205, 92, 92)
 Deep Chestnut (Vermont Maple Syrup) (Crayola Chestnut) (Hex: #B94E48) (RGB: 185, 78, 72)
 Red-Brown (web color Brown) (Hex: #A52A2A) (RGB: 165, 42, 42) 
 Cognac (Xona.com Color List) (Hex: #9F381D) (RGB: 159, 56, 29) 
 Rust (Hex: #B7410E) (RGB: 183, 65, 14)

Related pages
 List of colors

Shades of orange
Shades of red
Choi Sung-Kuk

Choi Sung-Kuk (born 8 February 1983) is a South Korean football player. He plays for Suwon Samsung Bluewings.

Club career statistics

|-
|2003||rowspan="2"|Ulsan Hyundai Horang-i||rowspan="2"|K-League||27||7||0||0||colspan="2"|-||27||7
|-
|2004||19||1||4||3||0||0||23||4

|-
|2005||Kashiwa Reysol||J. League 1||8||0||0||0||4||0||12||0

|-
|2005||rowspan="2"|Ulsan Hyundai Horang-i||rowspan="2"|K-League||16||1||1||0||0||0||17||1
|-
|2006||22||1||1||0||13||8||36||9
|-
|2007||rowspan="2"|Seongnam Ilhwa Chunma||rowspan="2"|K-League||27||3||0||0||1||0||28||3
|-
|2008||18||4||2||0||8||3||28||4
|-
|2009||rowspan="2"|Gwangju Sangmu||rowspan="2"|K-League||25||9||0||0||2||0||27||9
|-
|2010||||||||||||||||
154||26||8||3||24||11||186||40
8||0||0||0||4||0||12||0
162||26||8||3||28||11||198||40
|}

International career statistics

|-
|2003||4||1
|-
|2004||4||0
|-
|2005||3||0
|-
|2006||2||0
|-
|2007||7||1
|-
|2008||3||0
|-
!Total||23||2
|}

References

1983 births
Living people
South Korean footballers
People from Seoul
Karl-Heinz Rummenigge

Karl-Heinz Rummenigge (born 25 September 1955) is a former German football player. He has played for Germany national team.

Club career statistics

|-
|1974/75||rowspan="10"|Bayern Munich||rowspan="10"|Bundesliga||21||5
|-
|1975/76||32||8
|-
|1976/77||31||12
|-
|1977/78||29||8
|-
|1978/79||34||14
|-
|1979/80||34||26
|-
|1980/81||34||29
|-
|1981/82||32||14
|-
|1982/83||34||20
|-
|1983/84||29||26

|-
|1984/85||rowspan="3"|Internazionale Milano||rowspan="3"|Serie A||26||8
|-
|1985/86||24||13
|-
|1986/87||14||3

|-
|1987/88||rowspan="2"|Servette||rowspan="2"|Super League||17||10
|-
|1988/89||34||24
310||162
64||24
51||34
425||210
|}

International career statistics

|-
|1976||2||0
|-
|1977||6||1
|-
|1978||12||4
|-
|1979||8||5
|-
|1980||10||4
|-
|1981||11||9
|-
|1982||13||9
|-
|1983||10||8
|-
|1984||8||1
|-
|1985||6||3
|-
|1986||9||1
|-
!Total||95||45
|}

References

1955 births
Living people
German footballers
Sportspeople from North Rhine-Westphalia
Louis Saha

Louis Saha (born 8 August 1978) is a French football player. He plays for Everton.

Club career statistics 

|-
|1997/98||rowspan="3"|Metz||rowspan="3"|Division 1||21||1||0||0||0||0||3||0||24||1
|-
|1998/99||3||0||0||0||0||0||3||0||6||0
|-
|1999/00||23||4||0||0||1||0||0||0||24||4

|-
|1999/00||Newcastle United||Premier League||11||1||1||1||0||0||0||0||12||2
|-
|2000/01||rowspan="4"|Fulham||League Championship||43||27||1||0||4||5||0||0||48||32
|-
|2001/02||rowspan="3"|Premier League||36||8||6||0||2||1||0||0||44||9
|-
|2002/03||17||5||3||1||0||0||8||1||28||7
|-
|2003/04||21||13||1||2||0||0||0||0||22||15
|-
|2003/04||rowspan="5"|Manchester United||rowspan="5"|Premier League||12||7||0||0||0||0||2||0||14||7
|-
|2004/05||14||1||2||0||4||1||2||0||22||2
|-
|2005/06||19||7||4||2||5||6||2||0||30||14
|-
|2006/07||24||8||2||1||0||0||8||4||34||13
|-
|2007/08||17||5||2||0||0||0||5||0||24||5
|-
|2008/09||rowspan="2"|Everton||rowspan="2"|Premier League||23||6||2||2||1||0||1||0||27||8
|-
|2009/10||||||||||||||||||||
47||5||0||0||1||0||6||0||54||5
237||88||24||9||16||13||28||5||305||115
284||93||24||9||17||13||34||5||359||120
|}

International career statistics 

|-
|2004||8||2
|-
|2005||0||0
|-
|2006||10||2
|-
!Total||18||4
|}

References 

1978 births
Living people
French footballers
Sportspeople from Paris
Paul Ince

Paul Ince (born 21 October 1967) is an English former footballer. He has played for the England national team.

Paul has been manager of: Macclesfield Town, Milton Keynes Dons (which he made champions of League Two), Blackburn Rovers, Notts County and Blackpool.

Club career statistics

|-
|1986/87||rowspan="4"|West Ham United||rowspan="3"|First Division||10||1||1||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||11||1
|-
|1987/88||28||3||1||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||29||3
|-
|1988/89||33||3||1||0||2||0||colspan="2"|-||36||3
|-
|1989/90||Second Division||1||0||7||1||6||3||colspan="2"|-||14||4
|-
|1989/90||rowspan="6"|Manchester United||rowspan="3"|First Division||26||0||7||0||3||2||colspan="2"|-||36||2
|-
|1990/91||31||3||2||0||6||0||7||0||46||3
|-
|1991/92||33||3||3||0||7||0||3||0||46||3
|-
|1992/93||rowspan="3"|Premier League||41||6||2||0||3||0||1||0||47||6
|-
|1993/94||39||8||7||1||5||0||4||0||55||9
|-
|1994/95||36||5||6||0||0||0||5||0||47||5

|-
|1995/96||rowspan="2"|Internazionale Milano||rowspan="2"|Serie A||30||3||5||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||35||3
|-
|1996/97||24||7||4||2||colspan="2"|-||10||1||38||10

|-
|1997/98||rowspan="2"|Liverpool||rowspan="2"|Premier League||31||8||1||0||4||0||4||0||40||8
|-
|1998/99||34||6||2||1||2||1||3||1||41||9
|-
|1999/00||rowspan="3"|Middlesbrough||rowspan="3"|Premier League||32||3||0||0||3||1||colspan="2"|-||35||4
|-
|2000/01||30||2||3||0||3||0||colspan="2"|-||36||2
|-
|2001/02||31||2||4||1||0||0||colspan="2"|-||35||3
|-
|2002/03||rowspan="4"|Wolverhampton Wanderers||First Division||37||2||3||1||2||0||colspan="2"|-||42||3
|-
|2003/04||Premier League||32||2||1||0||2||0||colspan="2"|-||35||2
|-
|2004/05||rowspan="2"|League Championship||28||3||2||0||1||1||colspan="2"|-||31||4
|-
|2005/06||18||3||2||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||20||3
|-
|2006/07||Swindon Town||League Two||3||0||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||3||0
|-
|2006/07||Macclesfield Town||League Two||1||0||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||1||0
555||63||55||5||49||8||27||1||686||77
54||10||9||2||colspan="2"|-||10||1||73||13
609||73||64||7||49||8||37||2||759||90
|}

International career statistics

|-
|1992||3||0
|-
|1993||9||2
|-
|1994||3||0
|-
|1995||1||0
|-
|1996||10||0
|-
|1997||9||0
|-
|1998||9||0
|-
|1999||4||0
|-
|2000||5||0
|-
!Total||53||2
|}

References

1967 births
Living people
1998 FIFA World Cup players
Black British sportspeople
English footballers
English football managers
People from Ilford
Sportspeople from London
Premier League players
Míchel Salgado

Míchel Salgado (born 22 October 1975) is a Spanish football player. He plays for Blackburn Rovers.

Club career statistics

|-
|1994/95||rowspan="2"|Celta Vigo||rowspan="2"|La Liga||14||0||||||||||||||14||0
|-
|1995/96||18||0||||||||||||||18||0
|-
|1996/97||Salamanca||Segunda División||36||1||||||||||||||36||1
|-
|1997/98||rowspan="3"|Celta Vigo||rowspan="3"|La Liga||25||0||||||||||||||25||0
|-
|1998/99||35||3||||||||||||||35||3
|-
|1999/00||1||0||||||||||||||1||0
|-
|1999/00||rowspan="10"|Real Madrid||rowspan="10"|La Liga||29||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||17||0||46||0
|-
|2000/01||27||1||0||0||colspan="2"|-||11||0||38||1
|-
|2001/02||35||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||14||0||50||0
|-
|2002/03||35||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||16||1||51||1
|-
|2003/04||35||1||1||0||colspan="2"|-||10||0||46||1
|-
|2004/05||28||2||0||0||colspan="2"|-||9||0||37||2
|-
|2005/06||27||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||5||0||33||0
|-
|2006/07||16||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||1||0||17||0
|-
|2007/08||8||0||3||0||colspan="2"|-||2||0||13||0
|-
|2008/09||9||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||1||0||10||0

|-
|2009/10||Blackburn Rovers||Premier League||||||||||||||||||||
378||8||6||0||colspan="2"|-||86||1||470||9
0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
378||8||6||0||0||0||86||1||470||9
|}

International career statistics

|-
|1998||3||0
|-
|1999||9||0
|-
|2000||5||0
|-
|2001||0||0
|-
|2002||5||0
|-
|2003||10||0
|-
|2004||8||0
|-
|2005||8||0
|-
|2006||5||0
|-
!Total||53||0
|}

References

1975 births
Living people
Spanish footballers
Luis Enrique Martínez García

Luis Enrique Martínez García (born 8 May 1970) is a former Spanish football player. He has played for Spain national team.

Club career statistics 

|-
|1989/90||rowspan="2"|Sporting Gijón||rowspan="2"|La Liga||1||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||1||0
|-
|1990/91||35||14||9||3||colspan="2"|-||44||17
|-
|1991/92||rowspan="5"|Real Madrid||rowspan="5"|La Liga||29||4||6||1||6||0||41||5
|-
|1992/93||34||2||6||0||8||1||48||3
|-
|1993/94||28||2||4||1||6||0||38||3
|-
|1994/95||35||4||2||0||6||0||43||4
|-
|1995/96||31||3||0||0||8||0||39||3
|-
|1996/97||rowspan="8"|Barcelona||rowspan="8"|La Liga||35||17||7||1||7||0||49||18
|-
|1997/98||34||18||6||3||6||4||46||25
|-
|1998/99||26||11||3||0||3||1||32||12
|-
|1999/00||19||3||5||3||7||6||31||12
|-
|2000/01||28||9||4||1||9||6||41||16
|-
|2001/02||23||5||0||0||15||6||38||11
|-
|2002/03||18||8||0||0||8||2||26||10
|-
|2003/04||24||3||1||0||5||2||30||5
400||102||53||13||94||28||547||143
400||102||53||13||94||28||547||143

International career statistics 

|-
|1991||1||0
|-
|1992||0||0
|-
|1993||2||0
|-
|1994||9||3
|-
|1995||8||0
|-
|1996||9||2
|-
|1997||4||2
|-
|1998||8||1
|-
|1999||8||4
|-
|2000||3||0
|-
|2001||5||0
|-
|2002||5||0
|-
!Total||62||12
|}

References 

1970 births
Living people
Spanish footballers
Spanish football managers
Walter Samuel

Walter Samuel (born 23 March 1978) is an Argentine football player. He plays for Internazionale Milano and Argentina national team.

Club career statistics

|-
|1995/96||rowspan="3"|Newell's Old Boys||rowspan="3"|Primera División||5||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||5||0
|-
|1996/97||35||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||35||0
|-
|1997/98||2||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||2||0
|-
|1997/98||rowspan="3"|Boca Juniors||rowspan="3"|Primera División||12||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||12||0
|-
|1998/99||34||2||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||34||2
|-
|1999/00||31||2||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||31||2

|-
|2000/01||rowspan="4"|Roma||rowspan="4"|Serie A||31||1||2||0||8||2||41||3
|-
|2001/02||30||5||2||0||12||0||44||5
|-
|2002/03||31||2||6||0||10||0||47||2
|-
|2003/04||30||1||2||0||8||0||40||1

|-
|2004/05||Real Madrid||La Liga||30||2||colspan="2"|-||6||0||36||0

|-
|2005/06||rowspan="5"|Internazionale Milano||rowspan="5"|Serie A||27||2||5||0||9||0||41||2
|-
|2006/07||18||3||5||0||3||0||26||3
|-
|2007/08||12||0||1||0||5||1||18||1
|-
|2008/09||17||1||2||0||1||0||20||1
|-
|2009/10||||||||||||||||
119||4||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||119||4
226||15||25||0||6||3||257||18
30||2||colspan="2"|-||6||0||36||2
375||21||25||0||12||3||412||24
|}

International career statistics

|-
|1999||10||1
|-
|2000||10||0
|-
|2001||8||2
|-
|2002||6||0
|-
|2003||5||1
|-
|2004||6||0
|-
|2005||5||1
|-
|2006||2||0
|-
|2007||0||0
|-
|2008||0||0
|-
|2009||0||0
|-
|2010||4||0
|-
!Total||56||5
|}

References

1978 births
Living people
Argentine footballers
Roberto Ayala

Roberto Ayala (born 14 April 1973) is an Argentine football player. He plays for Racing.

Club career statistics

|-
|1991/92||rowspan="3"|Ferro Carril Oeste||rowspan="3"|Primera División||19||0
|-
|1992/93||36||0
|-
|1993/94||18||1
|-
|1993/94||rowspan="2"|River Plate||rowspan="2"|Primera División||16||0
|-
|1994/95||25||0

|-
|1995/96||rowspan="3"|Napoli||rowspan="3"|Serie A||29||0
|-
|1996/97||30||1
|-
|1997/98||28||0
|-
|1998/99||rowspan="2"|Milan||rowspan="2"|Serie A||11||0
|-
|1999/00||13||0

|-
|2000/01||rowspan="7"|Valencia||rowspan="7"|La Liga||28||0
|-
|2001/02||29||2
|-
|2002/03||31||1
|-
|2003/04||30||1
|-
|2004/05||17||0
|-
|2005/06||23||2
|-
|2006/07||29||2
|-
|2007/08||rowspan="3"|Real Zaragoza||La Liga||33||1
|-
|2008/09||Segunda División||28||3
|-
|2009/10||La Liga||13||0

|-
|2009/10||Racing||Primera División||||
114||1
111||1
261||12
486||14
|}

International career statistics

|-
|1994||3||0
|-
|1995||14||0
|-
|1996||6||0
|-
|1997||7||0
|-
|1998||13||1
|-
|1999||12||1
|-
|2000||11||1
|-
|2001||8||0
|-
|2002||1||0
|-
|2003||6||0
|-
|2004||10||1
|-
|2005||8||2
|-
|2006||7||1
|-
|2007||9||0
|-
!Total||115||7
|}

References

1973 births
Living people
Argentine footballers
Theodoros Zagorakis

Theodoros Zagorakis (born 27 October 1971) is a former Greek football player. He has played for Greece national team.

Club career statistics

|-
|1988/89||rowspan="5"|Kavala||||8||2
|-
|1989/90||||38||2
|-
|1990/91||||28||0
|-
|1991/92||||32||2
|-
|1992/93||||8||0
|-
|1992/93||rowspan="6"|PAOK Thessaloniki||rowspan="6"|Alpha Ethniki|||20||2
|-
|1993/94||30||0
|-
|1994/95||31||4
|-
|1995/96||27||0
|-
|1996/97||32||2
|-
|1997/98||15||2

|-
|1997/98||rowspan="3"|Leicester City||rowspan="3"|Premier League||14||1
|-
|1998/99||19||1
|-
|1999/00||17||1

|-
|2000/01||rowspan="4"|AEK Athens||rowspan="4"|Alpha Ethniki||23||1
|-
|2001/02||26||3
|-
|2002/03||25||0
|-
|2003/04||27||0

|-
|2004/05||Bologna||Serie A||32||0

|-
|2005/06||rowspan="2"|PAOK Thessaloniki||Alpha Ethniki||22||0
|-
|2006/07||Super League||23||0
415||20
50||3
32||0
497||23
|}

International career statistics

|-
|1994||4||0
|-
|1995||11||0
|-
|1996||9||0
|-
|1997||9||0
|-
|1998||4||0
|-
|1999||13||0
|-
|2000||5||0
|-
|2001||9||0
|-
|2002||10||0
|-
|2003||10||0
|-
|2004||16||0
|-
|2005||11||1
|-
|2006||8||2
|-
|2007||1||0
|-
!Total||120||3
|}

References

1971 births
Living people
Greek footballers
Christian Karembeu

Christian Karembeu (born 3 December 1970) is a former French football player. He has played for France national team.

Club career statistics

|-
|1990/91||rowspan="5"|Nantes Atlantique||rowspan="5"|Division 1||4||0
|-
|1991/92||28||0
|-
|1992/93||35||2
|-
|1993/94||29||0
|-
|1994/95||34||3

|-
|1995/96||rowspan="2"|Sampdoria||rowspan="2"|Serie A||32||5
|-
|1996/97||30||1

|-
|1997/98||rowspan="3"|Real Madrid||rowspan="3"|La Liga||16||0
|-
|1998/99||20||0
|-
|1999/00||15||0

|-
|2000/01||Middlesbrough||Premier League||33||4

|-
|2001/02||rowspan="3"|Olympiacos||rowspan="3"|Alpha Ethniki||24||1
|-
|2002/03||22||2
|-
|2003/04||22||0

|-
|2004/05||Servette||||12||0

|-
|2004/05||Bastia||Ligue 1||7||0
169||5
62||6
51||0
33||4
68||3
12||0
395||18
|}

International career statistics

|-
|1992||1||0
|-
|1993||0||0
|-
|1994||6||0
|-
|1995||4||1
|-
|1996||13||0
|-
|1997||4||0
|-
|1998||10||0
|-
|1999||4||0
|-
|2000||4||0
|-
|2001||6||0
|-
|2002||1||0
|-
!Total||53||1
|}

References

1970 births
Living people
French footballers
Nicolas Anelka

Nicolas Anelka (born 14 March 1979) is a French football player. He plays for Chelsea and France national team.

Club career statistics 

|-
|1995/96||rowspan="2"|Paris Saint-Germain||rowspan="2"|Division 1||2||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||2||0
|-
|1996/97||8||1||0||0||1||0||1||0||10||1

|-
|1996/97||rowspan="3"|Arsenal||rowspan="3"|Premier League||4||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||4||0
|-
|1997/98||26||6||9||3||3||0||2||0||40||9
|-
|1998/99||35||17||5||0||0||0||5||1||45||18

|-
|1999/00||Real Madrid||La Liga||19||2||0||0||0||0||9||2||28||4

|-
|2000/01||rowspan="2"|Paris Saint-Germain||rowspan="2"|Division 1||27||8||0||0||1||0||9||5||37||13
|-
|2001/02||12||2||0||0||0||0||7||3||19||5

|-
|2001/02||Liverpool||Premier League||20||4||2||1||0||0||0||0||22||5
|-
|2002/03||rowspan="3"|Manchester City||rowspan="3"|Premier League||38||14||1||0||2||0||0||0||41||14
|-
|2003/04||32||16||4||4||2||0||5||4||43||25
|-
|2004/05||19||7||0||0||0||0||0||0||19||7

|-
|2004/05||rowspan="3"|Fenerbahçe||rowspan="3"|Süper Lig||14||4||2||0||colspan="2"|-||2||0||18||4
|-
|2005/06||25||10||6||2||colspan="2"|-||6||0||37||12
|-
|2006/07||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||2||0||2||0

|-
|2006/07||rowspan="2"|Bolton Wanderers||rowspan="2"|Premier League||35||11||3||0||1||1||0||0||39||12
|-
|2007/08||18||10||0||0||0||0||4||1||22||11
|-
|2007/08||rowspan="3"|Chelsea||rowspan="3"|Premier League||12||1||3||1||2||0||5||0||24||2
|-
|2008/09||35||19||4||4||0||0||12||2||51||25
|-
|2009/10||||||||||||||||||||
49||11||0||0||2||0||17||8||68||19
274||105||31||13||10||1||33||8||348||127
19||2||0||0||colspan="2"|-||9||2||28||4
39||14||8||2||colspan="2"|-||10||0||57||16
381||132||39||15||12||1||69||18||501||166
|}

International career statistics 

|-
|1998||3||1
|-
|1999||7||2
|-
|2000||10||2
|-
|2001||7||1
|-
|2002||1||0
|-
|2003||0||0
|-
|2004||0||0
|-
|2005||2||1
|-
|2006||3||1
|-
|2007||10||3
|-
|2008||11||1
|-
|2009||9||2
|-
|2010||||
|-
!Total||63||14
|}

References 

1979 births
Living people
French footballers
People from Ile-de-France
Réaumur scale

The Réaumur scale is a way of measuring temperature. The unit associated with the scale is called Réaumur, named after the physicist  René-Antoine Ferchault de Réaumur who created it in 1731. The unit is usually abbreviated "Ré", sometimes "r". The two base points of the scale are the melting point of ice and the boiling point of water, both at normal pressure. There are 80 degrees between those values, one degree Réaumur is the 80th part of that temperature difference. 

Réaumur used ethanol for his thermometers. Thermometers that use ethanol show the change of temperature better than those using mercury. This is because, when heated, ethanol expands faster than mercury. There is the problem though that the expansion of ethanol is different at different temperatures -  it is non-linear. Ethanol has a very low boiling point, which makes thermometers based on it unusable for many applications. Soon, instrument-makers used other liquids, and then chose "80°Ré" as the boiling point of water. 

In 1772 Jean-André Deluc studied the several substances used in thermometers at the time. At the time, new theories of heat were being developed. 
Deluc's analysis came to the conclusion that mercury-based thermometers were the best for practical use: He made an experiment, as follows: Suppose there are two amounts of water, say one liter, are mixed. The two amounts have different temperatures. The temperature of both liquids are taken, before the mix, and the temperature of the mix is measured. The mix should have the temperature that is the mean of both temperatures. This relationship only held reliably, when mercury was used in thermometers. From the late 18th century, almost all thermometers used mercury, for this reason. Thermometers that use other substances than ethanol but have 80 scales between the boiling and the freezing points of water have nothing in common with Réaumur's thermometer, except for the name.

References

Units of temperature
Brian Laudrup

Brian Laudrup (born 22 February 1969) is a former Danish football player. He has played for Denmark national team.

Club career statistics 

|-
|1986||rowspan="4"|Brøndby||rowspan="4"|First Division||2||0
|-
|1987||24||11
|-
|1988||12||0
|-
|1989||11||2

|-
|1989/90||Bayer Uerdingen||Bundesliga||34||6
|-
|1990/91||rowspan="2"|Bayern Munich||rowspan="2"|Bundesliga||33||9
|-
|1991/92||20||2

|-
|1992/93||Fiorentina||Serie A||31||5
|-
|1993/94||Milan||Serie A||9||1

|-
|1994/95||rowspan="4"|Rangers||rowspan="4"|Premier Division||33||10
|-
|1995/96||22||2
|-
|1996/97||33||16
|-
|1997/98||28||5

|-
|1998/99||Chelsea||Premier League||7||0

|-
|1998/99||Copenhagen||Superliga||12||2

|-
|1999/00||Ajax||Eredivisie||31||13
61||15
87||17
40||6
116||33
7||0
31||13
342||84
|}

International career statistics 

|-
|1988||1||0
|-
|1989||13||2
|-
|1990||5||1
|-
|1991||0||0
|-
|1992||13||0
|-
|1993||9||2
|-
|1994||8||1
|-
|1995||8||2
|-
|1996||8||5
|-
|1997||5||3
|-
|1998||9||3
|-
!Total||79||20
|}

References 

1969 births
Living people
Danish footballers
Gödel's incompleteness theorems

Gödel's incompleteness theorems is the name given to two theorems (true mathematical statements), proved by Kurt Gödel in 1931. They are theorems in mathematical logic.

Mathematicians once thought that everything that is true has a mathematical proof. A system that has this property is called complete; one that does not is called incomplete. Also, mathematical ideas should not have contradictions. This means that they should not be true and false at the same time. A system that does not include contradictions is called consistent. These systems are based on sets of axioms. Axioms are statements that are accepted as true, and need no proof.

Gödel said that every non-trivial (interesting) formal system is either incomplete or inconsistent:
There will always be questions that cannot be answered, using a certain set of axioms; 
You cannot prove that a system of axioms is consistent, unless you use a different set of axioms.

Those theorems are important to mathematicians because they prove that it is impossible to create a set of axioms that explains everything in maths.

Some related topics 
 Hilbert's second problem.
 Philosophy of mathematics

References 

Mathematical theorems
Logic
Cilia

A cilium (plural cilia) is an organelle found in eukaryotic cells. Cilia are slender protuberances that project from the much larger cell body.

There are two types of cilia: 
motile cilia, which beat against fluid outside the cell.
non-motile, or primary cilia, which typically serve as sensory organelles. 

In eukaryotes, cilia and flagella together make up a group of organelles known as undulipodia.
Eukaryotic cilia are structurally identical to eukaryotic flagella, although distinctions are sometimes made according to function and/or length.

Motile cilia are found on protist ciliates like Paramecium. They are how Paramecium moves around. They are also found on the epithelial cells of many internal organs of metazoans, such as the digestive system and the trachea of the lungs.

Cilia in metazoa   
Non-motile (or primary) cilia usually occur one per cell; nearly all mammalian cells have a single non-motile primary cilium. In addition, examples of specialized primary cilia can be found in human sensory organs such as the eye and the nose: 
 The outer segment of the rod photoreceptor cell in the human eye is connected to its cell body with a specialized non-motile cilium.
 The dendritic knob of the olfactory neuron, where the odorant receptors are located, also contains non-motile cilia (about 10 cilia per dendritic knob).

Status of cilia 
Cilia are structurally almost identical with the much larger flagella. So much so that it has been proposed protists bearing either should be unified in the Phylum Undulipodia. Previously, Margulis had proposed that the Ciliates alone should be placed in a Phylum Ciliophora. Admittedly, the Protista is a collection of disparate single-celled forms, but while a more sophisticated taxonomy is in flux (changing), Protista is still a useful term.

Cilia and flagella are cell organelles, specialised units which carry out well-defined functions, like mitochondria and plastids. It is fairly certain now that all or most of these organelles have their origin in once-independent prokaryotes (bacteria or archaea), and that the eukaryote cell is a 'community of micro-organisms' working together in 'a marriage of convenience'.

References 

Ciliates
Organelles
Metal Gear Solid 2: Sons of Liberty

Metal Gear Solid 2: Sons Of Liberty is an action stealth video game created by Konami Computer Entertainment Japan and published by Konami for the PlayStation 2 in 2001. It is the 4th Metal Gear game produced and directed by Kojima and the second to Metal Gear Solid. Its release was followed by an extended edition, Metal Gear Solid 2: Substance for PlayStation 2, Xbox and Windows. Two main characters including Solid Snake (Iroquois Pliskin, who people assume he died in Shadow Moses) and Raiden, whose code-name was Snake and was changed, because the terrorist leader who called themselves Sons Of Liberty was Solidus Snake.

Characters 
Solid Snake (David) the main character, voiced by David Hayter. 
Raiden (Jack), an orphan, voiced by Quinton Flynn. 
Otacon (Hal Emmerich) voiced by Christopher Randolph.
Colonel Snake's commander, voiced by Paul Eiding.
Rosemary Raiden's lover, voiced by Lara Cody.
Mei Ling Snake's analyzer, voiced by Kim Mai Guest.
Peter Stillman a New York Bomb Squad expert, voiced by Greg Eagles.
Fatman a bomb expert, voiced by Barry Dennen.
Olga Gurlukovich a female Russian soldier, voiced by Vanessa Marshell. 
Solidus Snake the leader of Dead Cell, voiced by John Cygan.
Fortune (a.k.a. "Queen") one of the members for Dead Cell, voiced by Maula Gale.
Vamp one of the members for Dead Cell, voiced by Phil La Marr.
Emma Emmerich Otacon's sister, voiced by Jennifer Hale.
Revolver Ocelot appears in Metal Gear Solid as a member of FOXHOUND and is secretly working as a spy for Solidus Snake, voiced by Patric Zimmerman.
Liquid Snake Snake's brother, voiced by Cam Clarke.
Surgei Gurlukovich Olga's father, voiced by Earl Boen.
Scott Dolph Commandant of the Marine Corps, voiced by Kevin Michael Richardson.
Richard Ames a Secret Service agent, voiced by Peter Renaday.
President Johnson voiced by Paul Lukather.

References 

2001 video games