cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Nick Cravat

Nicholas Cuccia (January 11, 1912 – January 29, 1994), known as Nick Cravat, was an American actor and stuntman. He co-starred with Burt Lancaster in nine movies. He played a mute character in movies such as Davy Crockett and King of the Wild Frontier. He did not have speaking roles because he could not hide his thick Brooklyn accent.

Cravat was born in New York City. On January 29, 1994 he died of lung cancer in Woodland Hills, Los Angeles, California.

References

Other websites
 

Actors from New York City
American movie actors
American television actors
Cancer deaths in Los Angeles
Deaths from lung cancer
1912 births
1994 deaths
Dennis Morgan

Dennis Morgan (December 30, 1909 – September 7, 1994) was an American actor and singer. He played Jefferson in Christmas in Connecticut. He played Paul Hudson in The Desert Song.

Morgan was born Stanley Morner in Prentice, Wisconsin, on December 30, 1909. He died in Fresno, California of respiratory failure on September 7, 1994.

References

Other websites
 

American television actors
American movie actors
Singers from Wisconsin
Actors from Wisconsin
1908 births
1994 deaths
Francisco Ibáñez Talavera

Francisco Ibáñez Talavera (born 15 March 1936), Spanish comic book artist and writer. He was born in Barcelona, Spain. He is the creator of several comic book series. The most famous series he created is Mortadelo y Filemón.

Ibáñez worked in a bank while publishing his first drawings before dedicating himself fully to his craft in 1957.  A year later, Mortadelo y Filemón appeared for the first time in the publication Pulgarcito.  After that Ibáñez created several other characters.  Since 1988, he has drawn six new Mortadelo y Filemón albums a year. Many of them concern common issues of the day.

In 1994, he received the Grand Prize of the Salón del Cómic de Barcelona. In 2001 he received the Medalla de Oro al Mérito en las Bellas Artes ("Gold Medal for Contributions to the Fine Arts"). He received the "Premios Notario del Humor" 2008 from the University of Alicante.

Works
Mortadelo y Filemón, agencia de información (1958).
La familia Trapisonda, un grupito que es la monda (1958)
13, Rue del Percebe (1961)
Godofredo y Pascualino viven del deporte fino (1961)
Ande, ríase usté con el arca de Noé (1961)
El botones Sacarino (1963)
Rompetechos (1964)
Pepe Gotera y Otilio (1966)
Chicha, Tato y Clodoveo (1985)
7, Rebolling Street (1987)
Doña Pura y Doña Pera vecinas de la escalera
Don Pedrito que está como nunca
El doctor esparadrapo y su ayudante Gazapo
Tete Cohete

References

1936 births
Living people
Comics artists
Pulgarcito

Pulgarcito (Spanish for "Tom Thumb") was a weekly illustrated magazine in Spain. It was published by Editorial Bruguera. It was first named El Gato Negro. It had a black cat as its logo from June 1921 to 1986.

Pulgarcito had short stories, articles, pastimes, and jokes, with only a few comic strips. Economic difficulties caused by the Spanish Civil War led to only 13 issues being published between 1945 and 1947. It was brought back after 1952. It had with more space given to comic strips when it returned. It also had a new set of new comic characters, including:

Zipi y Zape (characters that later got their own magazine)

Las hermanas Gilda

Carpanta

El profesor Tragacanto

Both Ibáñez and Jan worked on Pulgarcito during its last years.  With the demise of the Editorial Bruguera publishing house, Pulgarcito was discontinued.

References

Comics
Magazines of Europe
Shapeshifting

Shapeshifting is the act of being able to change into another being or form.  The idea of shapeshifting has been around since the Middle Ages. It has been used in literature and epic poems, including works such as Peleus and Thetis and the Iliad.  The trend of shapeshifting is still being done today. It is a theme in children's literature, and works of popular culture.

References

Other websites
 The Evolution of the Vampire in Fiction and Popular Culture
Real Shapeshifters Website Dedicated to the study of shapeshifting phenomena (realshapeshifters.com)
Shapeshifters in Love  – A series of articles about shapeshifting characters in romance and speculative fiction.

Mythology
Don L. Anderson

Don Lynn Anderson (March 5, 1933 – December 2, 2014) was an American geophysicist. Anderson’s work was about seismology, solid state physics, geochemistry and petrology to explain how the Earth works. Anderson was born in Frederick, Maryland.

Anderson died of cancer in Cambria, California, aged 81.

References

Other websites
Anderson's webpage at Caltech 

1933 births
2014 deaths
Cancer deaths in California
American physicists
American geologists
Educators from Maryland
Writers from Maryland
Norman Bridwell

Norman Bridwell (February 15, 1928 – December 12, 2014) was an American author, cartoonist, and philanthropist. He was best known for creating Clifford the Big Red Dog. Bridwell was born in Kokomo, Indiana.

Bridwell died on December 12, 2014 of heart failure at the age of 86 in Edgartown, Massachusetts.

References

Other websites

 

1928 births
2014 deaths
Deaths from heart failure
American philanthropists
American cartoonists
Writers from Indiana
Treaty of Waitangi

The Treaty of Waitangi, , was a treaty that was signed on 6 February 1840 at Waitangi, New Zealand. It was signed by European settlers and by Māori chiefs. It is widely considered to be a founding document of New Zealand. The Treaty of Waitangi marked the start of the official domination of New Zealand by Great Britain. The legal status and modern relevance of the treaty has been at a disagreement for a long time.  The day on which the Treaty of Waitangi was signed, 6 February, is the National Day of New Zealand.

Related pages 
Treaty
National Day

References

Other websites 
Full Text of the Treaty of Waitangi in English and in Maori

Waitangi
History of New Zealand
1840
19th century in Oceania
Priscilla Morrill

Priscilla Morrill (June 4, 1927 – November 9, 1994) was an American actress. She was well known for playing Edie Grant on The Mary Tyler Moore Show. She also played Elaine Hogan on the TV show Family.

Morrill was born in Boston, Massachusetts. She died from complications of a kidney infection in Los Angeles at age 67.

American television actors
Actors from Boston, Massachusetts
1927 births
1994 deaths
Stuart Little (movie)

Stuart Little is a 1999 American Family comedy movie. It was directed by Rob Minkoff and was produced by Douglas Wick. Stuart Little was released on December 17, 1999. The movie is loosely based on the E. B. White novel, Stuart Little.

The movie gained positive reviews from critics and holds a 66% "Fresh" rating on Rotten Tomatoes. Stuart Little was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Visual Effects, but it lost to The Matrix. The movie spawned a sequel in 2002 titled Stuart Little 2, a short-lived TV show Stuart Little: The Animated Series in 2003, and another sequel in 2006, Stuart Little 3: Call of the Wild which went direct-to-video.

The movie was both Estelle Getty's last movie before she retired in 2000 as well as her last movie before her death in 2008.

Cast

Live action 
Geena Davis as Eleanor Little
Hugh Laurie as Frederick Little
Alec Baldwin as Adam Maitland (Frederick and Crenshaw's half-brother)
Jonathan Lipnicki as George Little
Jeffrey Jones as Uncle Crenshaw Little
Connie Ray as Aunt Tina Little
Allyce Beasley as Aunt Beatrice Little
Brian Doyle-Murray as Cousin Edgar Little
Estelle Getty as Grandma Estelle Little
Harold Gould as Grandpa Spencer Little
Patrick Thomas O'Brien as Uncle Stretch Little
Stan Freberg as Race Announcer
Jon Polito as Detective Sherman
Jim Doughan as Detective Phil Allen
Julia Sweeney as Mrs. Keeper, Head of the Orphanage
Miles Marsico as Anton

Voices 
Michael J. Fox as Stuart Little
Chazz Palminteri as Smokey the Chief
Nathan Lane as Snowbell
Steve Zahn as Monty the Mouth
David Alan Grier as Red
Bruno Kirby as Reginald Stout
Jennifer Tilly as Camille Stout
Jim Doughan as Lucky

References

Other websites 

1999 comedy movies
American comedy movies
Columbia Pictures movies
English-language movies
Movies about cats
Movies based on books
Movies set in New York City
Screenplays by M. Night Shyamalan
Insulated glazing

Insulated glazing, otherwise known as double glazing or triple glazing, refers to the layers of glass in a window. A double glazed window is two panes of glass (also called a lite) with a sealed air (or gas) space in the middle. The edges are sealed together with an air-tight spacer. This is used so that heat cannot escape through the air space by conduction or convection. Heat radiation is not affected as it can travel through a vacuum space. To increase the R-value of insulated windows are sealed with argon gas.

References 

Energy conservation
Windows (architecture)
Louis Henri, Duke of Bourbon

Louis Henri de Bourbon, Duke of Bourbon, Prince of Condé (Louis Henri Joseph; 18 August 1692 – 27 January 1740) was head of the  Prince of Condé and a cousin of the then reigning House of Bourbon from 1710 to his death, and served as prime minister to his kinsman Louis XV from 1723 to 1726.

Despite succeeding as head of the House of Condé in 1709, he never used that name, preferring the title "Duke of Bourbon", and was known at court as Monsieur le Duc.  As a member of the reigning House of Bourbon, he was a Prince of the blood.

Marriages and children

On 9 July 1713 at Versailles, he married Marie Anne de Bourbon who died in 1720. Marie Anne was the eldest daughter of Marie Thérèse de Bourbon and her husband, François Louis, Prince de Conti. The couple had no children.

Secondly on 23 July 1728 he married Caroline of Hesse-Rotenburg and they had one son;

Louis Joseph de Bourbon (9 August 1736 – 13 May 1818), who led the "Army of Condé" during the French Revolutionary Wars. He also married twice.

Titles and styles

18 August 1692 – 4 March 1710  His Serene Highness the Duke of Enghien
4 March 1710 – 27 January 1740 His Serene Highness the Duke of Bourbon ("Monsieur le Duc")

Dukes and Duchesses of Bourbon
1692 births
1740 deaths
People from Versailles
Boethius

Anicius Manlius Severinus Boethius, commonly called Boethius (; also Boetius ;  477 – 524 AD), was a Roman philosopher. He was from the important Roman Anicia family, which included the Roman Emperors Petronius Maximus and Olybrius. In 510 Boethius became consul in the kingdom of the Ostrogoths. He was put in prison and later executed, by King Theodoric the Great, who thought he was secretly working with the Byzantine Empire. In prison, Boethius wrote the Latin philosophy book Consolation of Philosophy. In the Middle Ages, it was a famous and important book.

References

477 births
524 deaths
Ancient Roman writers
Philosophers
Kristina Orbakaitė

Kristina Orbakaitе (, , born 25 May 1971), is a Russian singer and actress. She is the daughter of Russian pop star Alla Pugacheva and Lithuanian circus performer Mykolas Orbakas.

Albums
 1994 – Верность "Fidelity"
 1996 – Ноль Часов, Ноль Минут "Zero Hours, Zero Minutes"
 1998 – Ты "You"
 1999 – Той Женщине, Которая... "To That Woman, Who.."
 2000 – Май "May"
 2001 – The Best
 2001 – Remixes
 2002 – Верь В Чудеса "Believe in Miracles"
 2002 – Океан Любви "Ocean of Love"
 2003 – Перелётная Птица "Wandering Bird"
 2005 – My Life
 2008 – Слышишь.. это я "Listen...it's me"
 2009 – The Best Part 1 and Part 2
 2011 – Поцелуй на бис "Encore Kiss"
 2013 – Маски "Masks"

References

Other websites

Official Website of Kristina Orbakaite

1971 births
Living people
Musicians from Moscow
Russian singers
Russian movie actors
Tamara Gverdtsiteli

Tamara "Tamriko" Gverdtsiteli (, , born 18 January 1962 in Tbilisi) is a Georgian-Russian singer, actress and composer. She is a People's Artist of Ingushetia, Georgia (since 1991) and Russia (since 2004).

Discography 
 1982 — Debyut. Tamara Gverdtsiteli (min'on)
 1985 — Muzyka: poyot Tamara Gverdtsiteli
 1992 — Tamara Gverdtsiteli poyot svoi pesni
 1994 — Vivat, Korol'!
 1996 — Spasibo, Muzyka, tebe!
 2000 — Luchshiye pesni raznykh let
 2001 — Posvyashcheniye Zhenshchine
 2002 — Vivat, Lyubov', Vivat!
 2002 — Mne vchera prisnilos' nebo
 2003 — Izbrannoye
 2004 — Muzyka — Khram Dushi
 2008 — Vozdushnyy potseluy
 2008 — MP3-al'bom «Izbrannoye»
 2009 — The Best (2 CD)

References

1962 births
Living people
People from Tbilisi
Russian actors
Russian singers
Soviet actors
Soviet singers
Bellvale, California

Bellvale is a settlement in San Mateo County, California, located at .  The small community is on Highway 84 (La Honda Road) between San Gregorio and La Honda.  Bellvale is 240 feet above sea level.  Bellvale once had a post office, the community is now only sparsely settled with homes and farms.  The Bellvale post office, located 2.25 miles west of La Honda, opened in 1897 and was discontinued in 1922.

References

Unincorporated communities in California
Settlements in San Mateo County, California
Bellvale, New York

Bellvale is a wooded hamlet in the town of Warwick in Orange County, New York, United States. It was the site of an iron forge destroyed by British Army soldiers in 1750. Most of its homes and other structures date from before American independence.

References

Hamlets in New York
Otra Cosa

Otra Cosa ("Another Thing") is the fifth studio album by Mexican singer-songwriter Julieta Venegas. It was released worldwide on March 16, 2010.

Track listing

Otra Cosa Más - EP  (Walmart Exclusive)(only US)

 "Bien o mal"
 "Despedida"
 "Debajo de Mi Lengua"
 "Me Voy"
 "Andar Conmigo"
 "Limón y Sal"

References

2010 albums
Julieta Venegas albums
Rooster Teeth

Rooster Teeth Productions, LLC. or Rooster Teeth is a movie making company in Austin, Texas, United States. It makes live action short videos, animated videos, video game animations, and voiced video game playing called Let's Play. The creator, Burnie Burns, made voice-over videos of Bungie Studios' big first-person shooter video game Halo: Combat Evolved. These videos led to the making of Red vs. Blue, an awarded funny science-fiction set of videos released on April 1, 2003. These are still being made, and its 12th season came out on April 28, 2014. Rooster Teeth also makes live-action short videos, funny game play under the name Achievement Hunter, making video games, and full animated videos such as RWBY. Rooster Teeth hosts its community meeting, RTX, yearly in Austin, Texas.

In 2015, Rooster Teeth released its large movie debut, Lazer Team, a science-fiction funny movie.

References

Companies based in Texas
Movie studios
2003 establishments in the United States
2000s establishments in Texas
Samsung Galaxy S5

{{Infobox mobile phone
| name          = Samsung Galaxy S5
| modelnumber   = SM-G900
| logo          = Samsung Galaxy S5 logo.svg
| logosize      = 200px
| image         = Samsung Galaxy S5.png
| imagesize     = 220px
| manufacturer  = Samsung Electronics
| slogan        = My Life, powered by Samsung Galaxy S5
| series        = Galaxy S
| networks      = (GSM/GPRS/EDGE)
| released      = 
| discontinued  = 
| status        = 
| unitssold     = 
| unitsshipped  = 
| predecessor   = Samsung Galaxy S4
| successor     = Samsung Galaxy S6
| related       = Samsung Galaxy S5 MiniSamsung Galaxy S5 Active Samsung Galaxy S5 Sport
| type          = Touchscreen smartphone
| form          = Slate phone|Slate
| size          = 142 mm (5.59 in) H72.5 mm (2.85 in) W8.1 mm (0.31 in) D. 
| weight        = 145 g (5.11 oz) 
| os            = Original: Android 4.4.2 "KitKat"Current: Android 6.0.1 "Marshmallow"
| root_access   =
| soc           = Samsung Exynos 5 Octa 5422 ''LTE: Qualcomm Snapdragon 801 LTE-A: Qualcomm Snapdragon 805
| cpu           = 1.9 GHz quad-core Cortex-A15 and 1.3 GHz quad-core Cortex-A7 LTE versions: 2.5 GHz quad-core Krait 400
| gpu           = ARM Mali T628MP6 LTE versions: Adreno 330 (Snapdragon variant)
| memory        = 2 GB LPDDR3 RAM
| storage       = 16 GB, 32 GB
| memory_card   = microSD up to 128 GB
| battery       = 2800 mAh Li-ion
| input         = 
| display       =  1920x1080 Pixels (432 ppi) Full HD Super AMOLED Gorilla Glass 3
| rear_camera   = 
| front_camera  = 2 megapixels (1080p) High-definition video video recording @ 30 fps back-illuminated sensor
| sound         = 
| connectivity  = 
| other         = 
| sar           = 
| hac           = 
| website       = Samsung Mobile
| references    = 
}}Samsung Galaxy S5, Galaxy S5 or just GS5''' is an Android smartphone made by Samsung Electronics. The phone was released on 11 April 2014 in 150 countries as the successor to the Samsung Galaxy S4. Like the S4, the S5 is similar to the prior year's model, placing a large focus on a better build with a textured rear cover and IP67 rating for dust and water proof (up to ), a better user feel, new security items such as a fingerprint scanner and private mode, expanded health items (such as a built-in heart rate scanner), and an updated camera.

The successor of the S5 is the Samsung Galaxy S6.

Related pages
 Samsung Galaxy

References 

Samsung mobile phones
Mobile phones released in 2014
Mobile phones with 4K video recording
1980 Republican National Convention

The 1980 National Convention of the Republican Party of the United States. It was held at the Joe Louis Arena in Detroit, Michigan. It took place from July 14 to July 17, 1980. The 32nd Republican National Convention nominated former Governor Ronald W. Reagan of California for President. It also nominated former congressman George H. W. Bush of Texas for Vice President.

References

Other websites
Ronald Reagan's nomination acceptance speech

20th century in Detroit, Michigan
United States Republican Party
United States presidential nominating conventions
1980 in the United States
1980s in Michigan
July events
1980 Republican Party presidential primaries

The 1980 Republican presidential primaries were the selection process by which voters of the Republican Party chose its nominee for President of the United States in the 1980 U.S. presidential election. 

Former California Governor Ronald Reagan was selected as the nominee through a series of primary elections and caucuses which happened in the Republican National Convention held from July 14 to July 17, 1980, in Detroit, Michigan.

Nominees

Withdrew during primaries

Withdrew before primaries

Declined to run
The following potential candidates declined to run for the Republican nomination in 1980.

References

Other websites
. online review by Lou Cannon

United States Republican Party
United States presidential primary elections
1980 in the United States
1968 Republican Party presidential primaries

The 1968 Republican presidential primaries were the selection process by which voters of the Republican Party chose its nominee for President of the United States in the 1968 U.S. presidential election. 

Former Vice President Richard Nixon was selected as the nominee through a series of primary elections and caucuses which happened in the 1968 Republican National Convention. It was held from August 5 to August 8, 1968, in Miami, Florida.

Nominees

Favorite sons

Declined to run

United States presidential primary elections
Republican Party presidential primaries
United States Republican Party
1968 Republican National Convention

The 1968 National Convention of the Republican Party of the United States. It was held in at the Miami Beach Convention Center in Miami Beach, Dade County, Florida, from August 5 to 8, 1968.

1968 in the United States
1960s in Florida
United States presidential nominating conventions
United States Republican Party
August events
1976 Republican Party presidential primaries

The 1976 Republican presidential primaries were the selection process by which voters of the Republican Party chose its nominee for President of the United States in the 1976 U.S. presidential election.

Current President Gerald Ford was selected as the nominee through a series of primary elections and caucuses which was held in the 1976 Republican National Convention. It was held from August 16 to August 19, 1976 in Kansas City, Missouri. The 1976 primary was the first Republican primary to hold primaries in every state, the Democrats held the first nationwide primary in 1972.

Nominees

References

1976 in the United States
United States presidential primary elections
United States Republican Party
1976 Republican National Convention

The 1976 Republican National Convention was a United States political convention of the Republican Party that met from August 16 to August 19, 1976 to select the party's nominee for President. 

It was held in Kemper Arena in Kansas City, Missouri, the convention nominated President Gerald R. Ford for a full term, but only after narrowly defeating a strong challenge from former California Governor Ronald W. Reagan. 

The convention also nominated Senator Robert J. Dole of Kansas for Vice President, instead of Vice President Nelson Rockefeller.

1976 in the United States
United States presidential nominating conventions
History of Kansas City, Missouri
United States Republican Party
20th century in Missouri
August events
1984 Republican Party presidential primaries

The 1984 Republican presidential primaries were the selection process by which voters of the Republican Party chose its nominee for President of the United States in the 1984 U.S. presidential election. 

Current President Ronald Reagan was again selected as the nominee through a series of primary elections and caucuses which happened in the 1984 Republican National Convention. It was held from August 20 to August 23, 1984 in Dallas, Texas.

The primaries were uneventful as Reagan was bound to win the nomination because of his popularity within the party.

Candidates

Nominee

Withdrew during primaries

Other websites

United States Republican Party
United States presidential primary elections
1984 in the United States
1984 Republican National Convention

The 1984 National Convention of the Republican Party of the United States. It was held on August 20 to August 23, 1984, at Dallas Convention Center in downtown Dallas, Texas. The convention nominated President Ronald W. Reagan and  Vice President George H. W. Bush for reelection.

References

Other websites
 CNN: Address on Foreign Policy delivered August 20 by Jeane Kirkpatrick, Ambassador to the United Nations
 C-SPAN: [rtsp://video.c-span.org/project/c04/c04072904_reagan84.rm Acceptance Speech] delivered August 23 by President Reagan

1984 in the United States
1980s in Texas
20th century in Dallas, Texas
United States presidential nominating conventions
United States Republican Party
August events
1992 Republican National Convention

The 1992 National Convention of the Republican Party (GOP) of the United States was held in the Astrodome in Houston, Texas, from August 17 to August 20, 1992. The convention nominated President George H. W. Bush, and Vice President Dan Quayle for reelection. Former president Ronald Reagan made one of his last speeches at the convention.

1992 in the United States
United States Republican Party
United States presidential nominating conventions
20th century in Houston, Texas
1990s in Texas
August events
Juke Girl

Juke Girl is a 1942 American crime drama mystery movie directed by Curtis Bernhardt. It stars Ann Sheridan and Ronald Reagan. It is set in Florida. It was released on May 30, 1942.

1942 movies
1940s crime movies
1940s drama movies
1940s mystery movies
American crime drama movies
American mystery movies
English-language movies
Movies set in Florida
Ronald Reagan
Movies directed by Curtis Bernhardt
The Marrying Man

The Marrying Man (also known as Too Hot to Handle) is a 1991 American romantic comedy movie. Kim Basinger plays Vicki. Alec Baldwin plays Charley. Elisabeth Shue plays Adele.

The movie received poor reviews from the critics. Basinger earned a Golden Raspberry Award nomination for Worst Actress.

Other websites
 

1991 comedy movies
1991 romance movies
1990s romantic comedy movies
American romantic comedy movies
English-language movies
Movies set in Las Vegas
Jungle Fever

Jungle Fever is a 1991 American romance-drama movie set in New York City. This movie is about interracial romance and drug addiction. Wesley Snipes plays Flipper, a married African American architect who has an affair with Italian American Angie, played by Annabella Sciorra. Ruby Dee plays Flipper's mother Mrs Purify. Ossie Davis plays Flipper's father The Good Reverend Doctor. Samuel L. Jackson plays crack cocaine addict Gator. Halle Berry plays Gator's girlfriend Vivian.

This movie got mostly positive reviews from critics.

1991 drama movies
1991 romance movies
1990s romantic drama movies
Adultery in movies
American romantic drama movies
English-language movies
Movies about drugs
Movies about dysfunctional families
Movies about interracial romance
Movies about prostitution
Movies directed by Spike Lee
Movies set in Brooklyn
Movies set in Manhattan
Screenplays by Spike Lee
Universal Pictures movies
Raymond Martin (cyclist)

Raymond Martin (born 22 May 1949) is a French retired professional cyclist. In the 1980 Tour de France he finished third overall and won the Polka dot jersey for being the best climber. He also competed in the individual road race at the 1972 Summer Olympics.

Palmarès 

1972
 National Amateur Road Race Championship
1974
GP Ouest-France
Lescouet-Jugon
Route Niveroise
1975
Paris–Camembert
1978
Grand Prix de Plumelec-Morbihan
Josselin
1979
Paris–Camembert
1980
Agon-Coutainville
Lescouet-Jugon
Trophée des Grimpeurs
1980 Tour de France:
Winner stage 13
 Winner mountains classification
3rd place overall classification
1982
1982 Tour de France:
8th place overall classification

References

Other websites
Official Tour de France results for Raymond Martin (cyclist)

1949 births
1972 Summer Olympics
French cyclists
French Olympians
Living people
People from Normandy
Tour de France cyclists
Bret Easton Ellis

Bret Easton Ellis (born March 7, 1964) is an American writer. 

Ellis was born in Los Angeles, California to rich parents. He was raised in Sherman Oaks, Los Angeles. He attended schools for the rich and famous. He also attended Bennington College.

His first novel was Less Than Zero in 1985. His next novel was The Rules of Attraction in 1987. 

Ellis's third novel was American Psycho in 1991. It made him famous. In 1998, it was still selling 25,000 copies a year. The book's hero is an investment banker and sadistic serial killer named Patrick Bateman. His violent acts are described in detail. The Los Angeles chapter of the National Organization for Women (NOW) called for a boycott of the book. NOW described it as "a how-to novel on the torture and dismemberment of women". Easton's publisher Simon and Schuster ended their contract with Ellis. Vintage Press bought and published the book. Ellis got several death threats,  but the book sold well. The novel was made into a movie in 2000. Christian Bale played the lead role.

In 1994, Easton's book of 13 related short stories, The Informers, was published. The stories were set in Los Angeles. Glamorama was published in 1998. Lunar Park was published in 2005.

Bibliography
 Less Than Zero (1985)
 The Rules of Attraction (1987)
 American Psycho (1991)
 The Informers (linked short stories, 1994)
 Glamorama (1998)
 Lunar Park (2005)

References 

1964 births
Living people
American novelists
Writers from Los Angeles
Santander

Santander may refer to:

Geography
Santander, Spain, the original place with this name, a port city and capital of Cantabria, Spain
Norte de Santander, a department of Colombia
Puerto Santander, a municipality in the Norte de Santander Department of Colombia
Santander Department, a department of Colombia
Santander de Quilichao, a municipality in the Cauca Department of Colombia
Santander, Cebu, a municipality in the province of Cebu, Philippines

Banking 
Grupo Santander, a Spanish banking group
Santander, Spain

Santander (; ) is a city on the north coast of Spain. It is the capital of the autonomous community of Cantabria. As of 2013, 178,465 people lived there.

Santander has an oceanic climate (Cfb in the Koeppen climate classification).

Municipalities in Cantabria
Capital cities in Spain
Penagos

Penagos is a municipality in Cantabria, Spain. As of 2013, 2,020 people lived there.

Localities 
 Arenal
 Cabárceno
 Llanos
 Penagos (capital)
 Sobarzo

Municipalities in Cantabria
Clean Bandit

Clean Bandit are a British electronic group. They were formed in Cambridge, England in 2008.

Band members
Jack Patterson – bass guitar, keyboard, vocals
Luke Patterson – drums
Grace Chatto – cello, vocals

Past band members
 Ssegawa-Ssekintu Kiwanuka (2008–2010) – vocals
 Neil Amin-Smith – violin, piano

Discography

Albums
 New Eyes (2014)

Singles
"A+E" (featuring Kandaka Moore and Nikki Cislyn) (2012)
"Mozart's House" (featuring Love Ssega) (2013)
"Dust Clears" (featuring Noonie Bao) (2013)
"Rather Be" (featuring Jess Glynne) (2014)
"Extraordinary" (featuring Sharna Bass)	(2014)
"Come Over" (featuring Stylo G) (2014)	
"Real Love" (with Jess Glynne) 2014
Rockabye (featuring Sean Paul & Anne-Marie) (2016)

References

Other websites
 

2000s British music groups
Electronic dance music
Classical music
Funk music
2008 establishments in the United Kingdom
Synth-pop
Musical groups established in 2008
Atlantic Records artists
New Blood Rising

New Blood Rising was a professional wrestling pay-per-view show made by World Championship Wrestling (WCW). It was held on August 13, 2000 at Pacific Coliseum in Vancouver, British Columbia. New Blood Rising replaced Road Wild as WCW's August pay-per-view. The pay-per-view's name is a reference to the New Blood stable in WCW.

Matches

1"Canadian Rules" is that, instead of the traditional three-count, the referee has to use a five-count. After the five-count, the wrestler has to stay down for ten seconds. If both of the wrestlers are still down for a ten-count for any reason, the first man who gets to his feet wins the match. Also, there are no submissions and no count-outs.

2After he was not at the pay-per-view because of a (kayfabe) mysterious motorcycle accident, Goldberg did not show up until the middle of the match. Then, in a worked shoot, Goldberg would walk out on the match, because he apparently refused to take Kevin Nash's Jacknife Powerbomb.

References

2000 in professional wrestling
Sport in Vancouver
World Championship Wrestling
2000s in Canada
Mini Metro (video game)

Mini Metro is a strategy simulation video game. It is about creating an efficient subway system for a rapidly growing city.

Gameplay 
In this game, the player designs a subway station. The object is to get the people to their requested station. The game ends when the station becomes overpopulated. The game is simple at first. Over time, it becomes more complicated and challenging. The point of the game is to run the simulation as long as possible.

Layout 
Mini Metro has a very modern layout. The subway cars are simply moving rectangles, the rails are simply lines, and the tunnels are dotted lines.

Stations 
Mini Metro's stations each are a different shape.

Common Stations:

"Unique" Stations:

Only one of each Unique station can appear each game.

References

Other websites 
 Let's Look At: Mini Metro!, YouTube

Simulator video games
Nina Badrić

Nina Badrić (born 4 July 1972) is a Croatian pop singer. She was born in Zagreb, Croatia. At age 9 she started singing with the children's choir Zvjezdice. At age twenty she signed a singing contract. Her version of "I'm so Excited" from her second album was number one on pop charts in Italy,  Spain and France. Badric is one of the most award-winning Croatian musicians. While not commonly heard in the west, she is popular in Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Slovenia and Turkey.

Discography

Studio albums 
 Godine nestvarne (Croatia, 1995)
 Personality (Zg Zoe Music, 1997)
 Unique (Croatia, 1999)
 Nina (Croatia, 2000)
 Ljubav (Aquarius, 2003)
 07 (Aquarius, 2007)
 NeBo (Aquarius, 2011)

References

Other websites
 Nina Badrić's page

1972 births
Living people

People from Zagreb
Pop singers
Leopold von Ranke

Leopold von Ranke (21 December 1795 – 23 May 1886) was a German historian. Modern history writing is greatly influenced by him. He made focusing on primary sources and international relations in history writing, popular.

Life
Ranke was born 21 December 1795 in Wiehe in Electoral Saxony. He was educated at local schools in Donndorf and Pforta. In 1814 he went to the University of Leipzig. He studied Classics and Lutheran theology. From 1817-1825 he was a Classics teacher. While teaching he became interested in history. In 1824 he released his first book: Geschichte der romanischen und germanischen Völker von 1494 bis 1514 (History of the Latin and Teutonic Peoples from 1494 to 1514). Ranke was a firm believer in historicism. For that reason he insisted on using primary sources.

University professor 
Ranke was a professor at the University of Berlin. He was a professor there for almost 50 years. While there he criticized the historical theories of Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel. He also advised his students to go to archives in search of sources. Because of this many think of him as the founder of a historical social science. Ranke retired as a professor in 1871, but still wrote history. In 1880 he started writing a book on world history, beginning in Ancient Egypt with the story of the Israelites. When he died in 1886 he had not finished his book, and had only written up to the 12th century.

Honors 
In 1831 the Prussian Government asked Ranke to start and edit the Historisch-Politische Zeitschrift journal. Ranke, who was conservative, sometimes used the journal to attack liberalism. In 1841 Ranke was made Royal Historiographer of the Prussian Court. In 1865 Ranke was made a noble, and in 1882 he was made a member of the Prussian Privy Council. In 1885 he was elected to the American Philosophical Society.

References

1795 births
1886 deaths
German historians
Conservatives
Afro-Colombian

Afro-Colombians are people who are from the country of Colombia and who have ancestors who are African. There is a large population of Colombians of African descent.

History 
Spanish colonists brought African slaves to Cartagena in the sixteenth century. They were purchased to replace the indigenous peoples who died under the harsh working conditions in the mines and on the plantations. The main slave port for the colony (then Granada) was Cartagena. By 1600 about 100,000 slaves had been brought to the colony. The rate increased after 1650 because of labor needed for the gold mines. Conditions were harsher for some slaves than others. Most were allowed to mine, farm and sell their goods for one day a week. The money they made could buy their freedom. Slave rebellions in the sixteenth and eighteenth centuries had slaves forming their own villages in uncontrolled areas. Slavery was abolished in 1851.

References 

Colombian people
Aurelio González Puente

Aurelio González Puente (born 26 July 1940 in Valle de Villaverde) is a Spanish retired professional  cyclist. He won the polka dot jersey for best climber in the 1968 Tour de France. He also won the climbing competition in the 1967 Giro d'Italia. He won stages at the Tour de France, Giro d'Italia, Tour de Suisse and Dauphiné Libéré.

Palmarès 

1967
Giro d'Italia:
Winner stage 22A
Winner mountains classification
1968
Tour de France:
Winner stage 6
Winner mountains classification

References

Other websites
Aurelio Gonzalez at the Cycling Archives

1940 births
Living people
People from Cantabria
Spanish cyclists
Tour de France cyclists
The God of Abraham Praise

"The God of Abraham Praise" is a Christian version of the Jewish hymn Yigdal. It was first translated and made into a Christian hymn by Thomas Olivers after a visit to the Great Synagogue of London in 1770. It was first published in 1772.

References

Other websites 
 YouTube; The God of Abraham Praise hymn

Christian hymns
Apex predator

Apex predators are predators with no natural predators of their own. They are at the top of their food chain.

Apex predators have big effects on the animals and plants lower down the food chain. If they become extinct in an area, many changes happen. In recent times, it is often humans who have removed top predators.

An example of apex predators affecting an ecosystem is in Yellowstone National Park. After the gray wolf was reintroduced, in 1995, researchers noticed big changes occurring in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem.  Elk, the primary prey of the gray wolf, became less abundant and changed their behavior. This freed the riparian (river) zones from constant grazing.  This allowed willows, aspens, and cottonwoods to grow, so creating a habitat for beaver, moose, and scores of other species.  In addition to the effects on prey species, the gray wolf's presence also affected the park's grizzly bear, a vulnerable species.  The bears, emerging from hibernation, chose to scavenge off wolf kills after fasting for months.  They can also eat wolf kills in autumn to prepare for hibernation.  As grizzly bears give birth during hibernation, a greater food supply may improve the mother’s nutrition and increase the number of cubs.  Dozens of other species, including eagles, ravens, magpies, coyotes, and black bears, have been seen scavenging from wolf kills.

References 

Ecology
Sundsvall Bridge

The Sundsvall Bridge () is a bridge located in Sundsvall in Sweden. The bridge crosses the Bay of Sundsvall, and creates a bypass past the town. The road on the bridge is a motorway, which is a part of European route E4.

The bridge is  long. It was opened for traffic 18 December 2014.

References

Bridges in Sweden
Sundsvall
Sandö Bridge

The Sandö Bridge () is a concrete arch bridge crossing the Ångerman River in Kramfors Municipality in the northern parts of Sweden. It has a free span of 264 meters and is 42 meters above the water.

During construction, the bridge collapsed on 31 August 1939. This led to 18 construction workers being killed. Construction was completed in 1943.

References

Bridges in Sweden
Enthalpy of vaporization

The Enthalpy of vaporization, also called the latent heat of vaporization is the change in the enthalpy needed to change an amount of liquid into a gas. It happens at a given pressure. The enthalpies of vaporization are usually measured at the normal boiling point for that substance. The units are usually J/mol.

An example is when the cooling effects of vaporization controls the body temperature of humans. Warm weather or exercise creates heat in the body. This causes the body to sweat (or perspire). The body feels cooler when the liquid sweat evaporates. As the humidity increases, the rate of evaporation decreases. This determines the body's comfort level.

Related pages 
 Enthalpy of fusion

References 

Physics
Chemical processes
City Thameslink railway station

City Thameslink is a National Rail station in the City of London. The southern entrance is on Ludgate Hill near Ludgate Circus. The northern entrance is on Holborn Viaduct. Both of the station's platforms are underground. The station is on the Thameslink route.

History 
The station opened on 22 May 1990, however it was called St Paul's Thameslink until 1991. Many changes have occurred on the lines near the station since. The station was improved in 2010, and is ready for trains of up to 12 cars.

Services 
All services are run by Thameslink.

References
SIM card

A SIM card is a smart card that is used in mobile phones, to identify the client. SIM stands for subscriber identity module. A SIM card has a microchip, and its use is protected by a PIN. When the phone is powered on, an international mobile subscriber identity number (IMSI) is broadcast. The microchip is also needed for some encryption and decryption. The SIM card and the device that it is used in (the mobile phone) are often referred to as the Mobile station.

SIM cards come in different sizes. Full-size SIM cards, which are about the same size as a credit card, are not used in phones anymore. Most smartphones use either micro SIM or nano SIM cards, but older ones use mini SIM.

Types of SIM cards 

 Full SIM: No longer in use, the original SIM card was developed in the 1990s and measured 86x54mm. Despite the large size, virtually all of it was a plastic card - the actual contact surface was the same as later cards.
 Mini-SIM: Because the full-size SIM is no longer used, these days this is often thought of as the full or standard SIM. It measures 25x15mm and the contact surface is surrounded by a large segment of plastic.
 Micro-SIM: A micro-SIM has the exact same contact surface but is smaller (15x12mm) because the plastic is trimmed away, leaving a card almost entirely of just the contact surface.
 Nano-SIM: This is the smallest SIM format in use today. It has a smaller contact surface, making it physically incompatible with older phones that expect a micro-SIM. It measures 12.3x8.8mm.
 eSIM: An embedded SIM, or eSIM, is a new, emerging format in which the SIM is embedded directly into the device and is therefore not removable. Although not widely used, the advantage of an eSIM is that it allows you to change phones without transferring SIM cards; the mobile operator transfers the account information remotely.

References 

Telecommunications
Sonja Aldén

Sonja Aldén, born 20 December 1977, in St Albans, England, UK) is a Swedish singer. In 2006, 2007 and 2012 she participated at Melodifestivalen. She has also worked together with Shirley Clamp and Sanna Nielsen. Also, she has written songs for other artists, like  hard rock/heavy metal band The Poodles, who also participated in the Swedish Melodifestivalen 2006 with the song Night of Passion. She has attended the Adolf Fredrik's Music School in Stockholm.

Discography

Albums

Joint albums

Singles

as Sanna, Shirley, Sonja

References

Other websites 

 Official Website  (In Swedish)

1977 births
Living people
Swedish singers
Shirley Clamp

Shirley Natasja Clamp, born 17 February 1973 in Borås, Sweden, is a British Swedish pop singer. She has scored several Top 10 albums and singles in Sweden. She also competed at Melodifestivalen several times, and reached the finals ending up second in 2004 and fourth in 2005.

Discography

Albums

Joint albums

Other singles
2002 - My Life (C'est ma vie) (with Christer Björkman) (Pride-anthem 2002)
2003 - Mr. Memory
2004 - Do They Know It's Christmas? #28

References

Other websites

 Official website  

1973 births
Living people
Swedish singers
Counting coup

Counting coup refers to the winning of prestige in battle by the Plains Indians of North America. Warriors won prestige by acts of courage in the face of the enemy. Any blow struck against the enemy counted as a coup.

An act of bravery 
Counting coup could be with a hand, any part of the body, or with an object. The most prestigious act was to touch or strike an enemy warrior, leave him alive, then escaping unharmed. Touching the first enemy to die in battle or touching the enemy's defensive works also counted as coup. Counting coup could also involve stealing an enemy's weapons or horses tied up to his lodge in camp. Risk of injury or death was required to count coup. After a battle or exploit, the people of a tribe would gather together to recount their acts of bravery and "count coup."  Coups were recorded in some tribes by putting notches (cut marks) in a coup stick. A coup stick was often a willow rod with a feather on the end. But coup could be counted with any object.

Other uses 
Another form of counting coup emerged during the air battles of World War I. A allied pilot who shot down five enemy aircraft was given the status of ace. The exception was that the British never formally adopted the ace system. Informally, however, a British pilot who had shot down ten enemy planes was considered an ace. Generally "counting coup" is counting victories.

References

Other websites 
 Counting Coup; Encyclopedia of the Great Plains
 Counting Coup; Native Heritage Project

North American people
Native American
Rotte (river)

The Rotte is a river in the Dutch province Zuid Holland. The city of Rotterdam is named after this river, Rotterdam means dam of the Rotte, Rotterdam is founded when a dam was built in the Rotte. Original, the river was named Rotta, based on the Dutch word 'rot', this word means something like dirty, because the River was really muddy, and A because Aa means water in old European languages.

History
In the Roman Age, the river has been connected with the Rhine. The river was cut off from the Rhine later. The area where the Rhine was connected to the Rotte changed into an area of bog. After all the bog was excavated, the area changed into a swamp, this swamp was the new source of the Rotte. In the 17th century the swamp area is empoldered, and the Rotte did not have a source anymore.

In the early medieval age, settlement was founded. But because of floods in the area, the people were not able to live in the area. Later in 1270, a 400 meter long dam was build along the river, people started to live on this dam, and that is where Rotterdam was founded. Today, this dam is the Hoogstraat in Rotterdam.

Rivers of the Netherlands
Lansingerland
Rotterdam
Zuidplas
Roberto Sagastume Pinto

Roberto Obdulio Sagastume Pinto (24 November 1944 – 1 December 2014) was a Guatemalan politician and educator. He served as Mayor of Esquipulas from 1986 through 1988 and again from 1996 through 2000. Pinto also served as Governor of Chiquimula from 2001 through 2003. Pinto was born in Esquipulas, Guatemala.

Pinto died in a car crash in Esquipulas, Guatemala, aged 70.

References

Other websites

1944 births
2014 deaths
Road accident deaths
Guatemalan politicians
Educators
Mayors
Giorgio Ardisson

Giorgio Ardisson,  also known as George Ardisson (31 December 1931 – 11 December 2014), was an Italian actor. He was known for his roles in Agent 3S3: Passport to Hell and Agent 3S3, Massacre in the Sun. Ardisson was born in Turin, Italy.

Ardisson died in Rome, Italy, aged 82.

Other websites
 

1931 births
2014 deaths
Italian movie actors
People from Turin
Ivor Grattan-Guinness

Ivor Owen Grattan-Guinness (23 June 1941 – 12 December 2014) was a English historian and mathematician. He was a historian of mathematics and logic. 

Grattan-Guinness was born in Bakewell, Derbyshire. He gained his bachelor degree as a Mathematics Scholar at Wadham College, Oxford, and an MSc (Econ) in Mathematical Logic and the Philosophy of Science at the London School of Economics in 1966. He died on 12 December 2014, aged 73.

References

Other websites
 Encomium  at Mathematical Sciences Foundation

1941 births
2014 deaths
Alumni of the University of Oxford
British historians
English mathematicians
People from Derbyshire
John Persen

John Persen (9 November 1941 – 12 December 2014) was a Norwegian composer. He was born in Porsanger, Norway. He was the son-in-law of Finn Strømsted. He was awarded Lindemanprisen in 1999, and Edvardprisen twice, and was awarded honorary membership of the Norwegian Society of Composers. 

Persen died in Oslo, Norway, aged 73.

References

1941 births
2014 deaths
Norwegian composers
Angalifu

Angalifu (pronounced "ang-uh-LEEF-oo"; 1970–2014) was a captive northern white rhinoceros. It was held at the San Diego Zoo Safari Park. He was one of six living northern white rhinoceroses in the world, one of two living males in the world, and the only male on the American continents. 

Angalifu was born in the wild ca. 1970 before being caught and sent to the Khartoum Zoo in Khartoum, Sudan. In 1990, he was transferred on loan to the San Diego Zoo Safari Park, where he lived until his death in December 2014.

References

1970s births
2014 deaths
Rhinoceroses
Lonesome George

Lonesome George (c. 1910  – June 24, 2012) was a male Pinta Island tortoise (Chelonoidis nigra abingdonii) and the last known individual of the subspecies. In his last years, he was known as the rarest creature in the world. George served as a potent symbol for conservation efforts in the Galápagos Islands and throughout the world.

References

Other websites

1910s births
2012 deaths
Extinct species