cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Vekoma

Vekoma Rides Manufacturing is a Netherlands-based manufacturer that builds amusement park rides.

History
Vekoma was started in 1926 by a blacksmith named Hendrik op het Veld. The name Velkoma is short for "Veld Koning Machinefabriek", or Veld Koning machine factory. At first they made machines for farming and mining. Later they started to build rides for theme parks. They built rides such as Ferris wheels, roller coasters, water rides, and family-friendly rides.

Roller coaster models
Boomerang
Family Custom Coaster
Flying Dutchman
Hammerhead Stall
Junior Coaster 
Looping Coaster
Mine Train
Moterbike Coaster
Suspended Family Coaster
Suspended Looping Coaster
Swinging Turns
Tilt Coaster
Wooden Coaster

References

Other websites
Offical Website

1926 establishments in Europe
Manufacturing
Companies of the Netherlands
20th-century establishments in the Netherlands
What I Do the Best

What I Do the Best is the fourth studio album by John Michael Montgomery. The album was released on September 24, 1996.

1996 albums
John Michael Montgomery albums
Green Forest, Arkansas

Green Forest is a city in Carroll County, Arkansas, United States. The population was 2,761 at the 2010 census.

References 

Cities in Arkansas
Raymond, Illinois

Raymond is a small town in Montgomery County, Illinois, United States. The population was 1,006 at the 2010 census.

Towns in Illinois
As Blood Runs Black

As Blood Runs Black is an American deathcore band formed in 2003. Instinct reached number 111 on the Billboard 200 for the week of April 2, 2011.

The band broke up in 2014.

Discography

Studio albums
 Allegiance (2006)
 Instinct (2011)
 Ground Zero (2014)

References 

Deathcore bands
Musical groups established in 2003
Musical groups disestablished in 2014
2003 establishments in California
2014 disestablishments in the United States
2010s disestablishments in California
Rosemary Murphy

Rosemary Murphy (January 13, 1925 – July 5, 2014) was an American actress of stage, movie, and television. She was nominated for three Tony Awards for her stage work, as well as two Emmy Awards for television work, winning once, for her performance in Eleanor and Franklin (1976). She was known for her role in To Kill a Mockingbird (1962).

Murphy died on July 5, 2014, in Manhattan from esophageal cancer, aged 89.

References

Other websites
 
 

1925 births
2014 deaths
Actors from Bavaria
American movie actors
American stage actors
American television actors
Cancer deaths in New York City
Deaths from esophageal cancer
Emmy Award winning actors
Entertainers from Munich
Bakir Izetbegović

Bakir Izetbegović (born 28 June 1956) is a Bosnian politician. Izetbegović is a member of the Party of Democratic Action and son of the late Bosnian president, Alija Izetbegović. In 1981 he graduated from the University of Sarajevo Faculty of Architecture. In 2010, he was elected to be the Bosniak member of the 3-person Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

References 

1956 births
Living people
Members of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Chairmen of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Croats of Bosnia and Herzegovina

The Croats of Bosnia and Herzegovina, often referred to as Bosnian Croats, are the third most populous ethnic group in that country. They are one of the constitutive nations of Bosnia and Herzegovina. They are also a native ethnic group of Bosnia and Herzegovina, as their presence there dates back to the 7th century A.D. Croats of Bosnia and Herzegovina have made significant contributions to the culture of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Their native language is Croatian, and about 76% say they are Roman Catholic.

Related pages 
 Croats

References 

Slavic peoples
The Bar-Kays

The Bar-Kays is an American funk-R&B-soul band. They started in 1966 in Memphis, Tennessee. Many of their songs were on record charts from the 1960s to the 1980s. The songs included "Anticipation", "Son of Shaft" and "Boogie Body Land".

The list of group members has changed several times.

1966 establishments in the United States
1960s American music groups
1970s American music groups
1980s American music groups
1990s American music groups
2000s American music groups
2010s American music groups
American R&B bands
Memphis, Tennessee
Musical groups established in 1966
Musical groups from Tennessee
1960s establishments in Tennessee
Middletown, Rhode Island

Middletown is a town in southeastern Rhode Island. At the 2010 US Census, 16,150 people lived there.

Middletown was incorporated in 1743.

Towns in Rhode Island
1740s establishments in the Thirteen Colonies
County Clare

County Clare () is a county of Ireland. It is in the province of Munster. The population of County Clare was 117,196 according to the 2011 Irish Census.

References
Pink Panther (statue)

The Public Fountain (, ) is a statue in South Valencia, Spain. It is between Avda. Ausiàs March and Avda. Peris i Valero. The statue is known by its citizens as Pantera Rosa (Pink Panther) because of its colour and figure,

The statue was raised up in 1984 by the architect Miquel Navarro. It was in commemoration of Turia and Júcar waterway.

References

Other websites
Catálogo de la obra de Miquel Navarro. 

Statues
Valencia
Duchy of Bouillon

The Duchy of Bouillon () (), a small state located between Luxembourg, Champagne, and the Three Bishoprics and centered on Bouillon. The duchy was claimed by the House of La Tour d'Auvergne. It was officially a State of the Holy Roman Empire. Even though it was a fairly small "state" its capital was the city of Bouillon, now in modern Belgium. The La Tour d'Auvergne family claimed to rule the state from 1456? – 1794 as during the French Revolution it officially changed its legal status to the "Republic of Bouillon". The heir to the ducal throne was traditionally titled the Prince of Turenne.

Dukes of Bouillon
The dukes were usually addressed by the style of Serene Highness. 
 Henri de La Tour d'Auvergne (1655-1623)
 Frédéric Maurice de La Tour d'Auvergne (1605-1652)
 Godefroy Maurice de La Tour d'Auvergne (1636-1721)
 Emmanuel-Théodose de La Tour d'Auvergne (1668-1730)
 Charles Godefroy de La Tour d'Auvergne (1706-1771)
 Godefroy Charles Henri de La Tour d'Auvergne (1728-1792)
 Jacques Léopold de La Tour d'Auvergne (1746-1802)

Jacques Léopold was the last Duke of Bouillon, and following the Napoleonic Wars the duchy was absorbed into the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg.

References

Bouillon
States of the Holy Roman Empire
Intamin

Intamin Worldwide is a designing and manufacturing company in Wollerau, Switzerland. They are known for building thrill rides and roller coasters. The Intamin name stands for: INTernational AMusement INstallations. They distribute about 5-7 roller coasters from their workshops every year.

The first roller coaster they built was The Jr. Gemini at Cedar Point in 1979. After that, they installed a total of 70 roller coasters around the world.

Roller coasters built by Intamin

References

Other websites
Official website

Manufacturing
John Seigenthaler

John Lawrence Seigenthaler (; July 27, 1927 – July 11, 2014) was an American journalist, writer, and political figure. He was known as an avid supporter of First Amendment rights.

Career
Seigenthaler joined the Nashville newspaper The Tennessean in 1949. He resigned in 1960 to be Robert F. Kennedy's administrative assistant. He rejoined The Tennessean as editor in 1962. He became publisher in 1973. He became chairman in 1982. He retired as chairman emeritus in 1991.  Seigenthaler was also founding editorial director of USA Today from 1982 to 1991.

Wikipedia incident
On May 26, 2005, an unregistered Wikipedia user created a five-sentence biographical article about Seigenthaler that contained false and defamatory content. The false statement in Seigenthaler's Wikipedia article read:

John Seigenthaler Sr. was the assistant to Attorney General Robert Kennedy in the early 1960s. For a brief time, he was thought to have been directly involved in the Kennedy assassinations of both John, and his brother, Bobby. Nothing was ever proven.

When he found out about this, Seigenthaler directly talked to Wikipedia co-founder Jimmy Wales, who removed the false claims. As Seigenthaler later wrote: "For four months, Wikipedia depicted me as a suspected assassin before Wales erased it from his website's history" on October 5.

Honors
In April 2014, the Shelby Street Bridge was renamed the John Seigenthaler Pedestrian Bridge in his honor. While reporting for The Tennessean in the 1950s, Seigenthaler once prevented a suicidal man from jumping off the bridge.

Death
Seigenthaler died of complications from colon cancer on July 11, 2014, at the age of 86. He was surrounded by his family in his home.

References

Other websites
John Seigenthaler Chair of Excellence in First Amendment Studies 
A Word on Words  official website
Civil Rights & the Press 
Booknotes interview with Siegenthaler on James K. Polk, January 18, 2004. 
 Oral History Interview with John Seigenthaler Sr. at Oral Histories of the American South

1927 births
2014 deaths
American activists
American journalists
Cancer deaths in the United States 
Deaths from colorectal cancer
Writers from Nashville, Tennessee
Charlie Haden

Charles Edward "Charlie" Haden (August 6, 1937 – July 11, 2014) was an American jazz double bass player. He was known for his long association with saxophonist Ornette Coleman, pianist Keith Jarrett, and his Liberation Music Orchestra, a group he co-led with pianist Carla Bley.  

Haden died in Los Angeles on July 11, 2014 after complications from polio, aged 76.

References

Other websites

Heffley. "Haden, Charlie." Grove Music Online. Oxford Music Online. Oxford University Press
 Charlie Haden Official Web site
 Charlie Haden interview  on Democracy Now!, September 1, 2006
 Official Documentary Website

 Interview by Ethan Iverson 
 All About Jazz Charlie Haden Discography
 NPR interview

Grammy Award winners
1937 births
2014 deaths
American jazz musicians
American composers
Bassists
Musicians from Iowa
RoboCop

RoboCop is a 1987 science fiction action crime movie. It is directed by Paul Verhoeven. The movie stars Peter Weller, Nancy Allen, Dan O'Herlihy, Kurtwood Smith, Miguel Ferrer, and Ronny Cox. It is set in a crime-ridden dystopian Detroit, Michigan in the near future where the police force is run by Security Concepts, a corporation. RoboCop centers on police officer Alex Murphy (Weller) who is brutally attacked and fatally wounded by a gang of criminals. He is then made into a cyborg law enforcer known as "RoboCop". The movie had two sequels, RoboCop 2 (1990) and RoboCop 3 (1993). A remake of this movie was released in February 2014.

Cast

Peter Weller as Officer Alex J. Murphy / RoboCop
Nancy Allen as Officer Anne Lewis
Daniel O'Herlihy as The Old Man
Ronny Cox as Dick Jones
Kurtwood Smith as Clarence Boddicker
Miguel Ferrer as Bob Morton
Robert DoQui as Sgt. Warren Reed
Ray Wise as Leon C. Nash
Felton Perry as Donald Johnson
Paul McCrane as Emil Antonowsky
Jesse Goins as Joe P. Cox
Calvin Jung as Steve Minh
Del Zamora as Kaplan
Rick Lieberman as Walker
Lee de Broux as Sal
Edward Edwards as Manson
Mark Carlton as Miller
Michael Gregory as Lt. Hedgecock
Kevin Page as Kinney
Angie Bolling as Ellen Murphy
James Levine as Jimmy Murphy
S.D. Nemeth as Bixby Snyder
Mario Machado as Casey Wong

References

Other websites

Criterion Collection essay by Carrie Rickey

1987 crime movies
1987 action movies
1987 science fiction movies
American action movies
American crime movies
American science fiction movies
English-language movies
Movies about revenge
Movies directed by Paul Verhoeven
Movies set in Detroit, Michigan
Movies set in the future
RoboCop
Drone movies
Dystopian movies
American superhero movies
American independent movies
Life's a Dance

Life's a Dance is the debut studio album by John Michael Montgomery. The album was released on October 13, 1992.

1992 albums
John Michael Montgomery albums
Xcelerator

Xcelerator is a steel launched roller coaster that was built by Intamin, and is located at Knott's Berry Farm in Buena Park, California.

The ride
After the riders have been loaded onto the train at the station, the train is first hooked up to a catch car that is under the train. The train has to move back to hook onto the catch car in order to launch. After 2.3 seconds, the train is released from the catch car, and travels at a speed of  from the station. The train then travels over a  tower, or top hat element, and after that it travels through a 110 ft over banked turn, and then a 95 ft over banked turn before coming to a smooth stop over magnetic brakes.

Problems

Sometimes, a train does not have enough speed to make it over the  top hat element. If that happens, a train tries to go up the tower, stop, then roll back to the station. This is called a shortshot, and it is part of the ride's design. A shortshot can cause the ride to be closed for a period of time while the ride is reset and tested several times before it can be opened again. Rain, weight, the number of time its launched, the outside temperature, and overheating can cause a shortshot.

Xcelerator will not operate in the rain so that a shortshot does not happen when the launch track is wet. Then the track needs to dry until it is safe to test the roller coaster. This happens so that a shortshot does not happen.

References

Other websites
 Official Xcelerator page
 Xcelerator Pictures on Ultimate Rollercoaster.com.

Roller coasters in the United States
Buildings and structures in California
Roller coasters by name
2002 establishments in the United States
2000s establishments in California
Elena Undone

Elena Undone is a 2010 lesbian romantic drama movie. The title character is the wife of a pastor. She has strong feelings for another woman. She later divorces the pastor and falls in love with a woman named Peyton.

This movie got mixed reviews. It is rated 58% by Rotten Tomatoes.

Other websites 

2010 romance movies
2010 drama movies
2010s LGBT movies
2010s romantic drama movies
American LGBT movies
American romantic drama movies
English-language movies
Polar climate

Polar climate has temperatures below  for much of the year. According to the Köppen climate classification, a polar climate is one in which no monthly average goes above . If the temperature is between  and  in the warmest month, it is a tundra climate. If the average temperature is below  in the warmest month, it is an ice cap climate. These climates are found near the poles and on high mountains. There is usually little precipitation because the air is so dry. Ice cap climates are in the Arctic Ocean, Greenland, Iceland, Antarctica and at high altitude.

About 20% of the Earth has a polar climate.

References

Climate
Teaching machine

Teaching machines were originally mechanical devices. They presented educational materials and taught students. They were first invented by Sidney L. Pressey. His machine originally administered multiple-choice questions. When the machine was set so it moved on only when the student got the right answer, tests showed that learning had taken place. Much later, Norman Crowder developed the Pressey idea much further.

B.F. Skinner was responsible for a different type of machine which used his ideas on how learning should be directed with positive reinforcement. 

There is extensive experience that both methods worked well, and so did programmed learning in other forms, such as books.
The ideas of teaching machines and programmed learning provided the basis for later ideas such as open learning and computer-assisted instruction.

Quotes 
Edward L. Thorndike in 1912: "If, by a miracle of mechanical ingenuity, a book could be so arranged that only to him who had done what was directed on page one would page two become visible, and so on, much that now requires personal instruction could be managed by print".
Pressey in 1932: "Education was the one major activity in this country which has thus far not systematically applied ingenuity to the solution of its problems". (p. 668). He thought the machine he developed would lead to an "industrial revolution in education" (p. 672).

References 

Machines
Education
Luke Shaw

Luke Paul Hoare Shaw (born 12 July 1995) is an English professional footballer. He plays as a defender for Manchester United and the England national team. Shaw primarily plays as a left back.

Career statistics

Club

International

Honours

Individual
PFA Premier League Team of the Year: 2013–14

References

1995 births
Living people
English footballers
Manchester United F.C. players
Sportspeople from London
2014 FIFA World Cup players
Premier League players
Konstantinos Stephanopoulos

Konstantinos "Kostis" Stephanopoulos (, August 15, 1926 – November 20, 2016) was a Greek conservative politician. He served as President of Greece from 1995 to 2005. He was the longest serving president of the Third Hellenic Republic.

Stephanopoulos died at a hospital in Athens, Greece on November 20, 2016 from pneumonia, aged 90.

References

Other websites
 Biography from Athens News Agency

1926 births
2016 deaths
Deaths from pneumonia
Presidents of Greece
Ray Lonnen

Ray Lonnen (18 May 1940 – 11 July 2014) was an English stage and television actor. His most famous roles include Willie Caine in the cold-war spy drama series The Sandbaggers (1978–80) and also as Harry Brown in the television miniseries Harry's Game (1982).

Lonnen died on 11 July 2014 from cancer, aged 74.

References

Other websites
 
 "The Sandbaggers" OpsRoom.org; accessed 12 July 2014.

1940 births
2014 deaths
Actors from Hampshire
Deaths from cancer
English movie actors
English television actors
People from Bournemouth
Nestor Basterretxea

Nestor Basterretxea Arzadun (6 May 1924 – 12 July 2014) was a Basque-Spanish artist. He was born in Bermeo, Biscay. In the 1950s and 60s, he worked along with other artists such as Jorge Oteiza, Remigio Mendiburu, and Eduardo Chillida. 

In the 1980s Basterretxea was the Culture Councillor for the Basque Government for two years. Towards the end of that decade, he created two of his best known works: La Paloma de Paz (Peace Dove). It was installed in la Zurriola, Donostia (San Sebastian) and later on moved to a roundabout outside the Anoeta Stadium of the same city. In 1989, he created the Monument to the Basque Shepherd. It was installed in Reno, Atlanta. 

Basterretxea died in his home in Hondarribia in the morning of 12 July 2014, at the age of 90.

References

1924 births
2014 deaths
People from the Basque Country
Spanish painters
Valeriya Novodvorskaya

Valeriya Ilyinichna Novodvorskaya (; 17 May 1950 – 12 July 2014) was a liberal  Russian politician and Soviet dissident. She was the founder and the chairwoman of the "Democratic Union" party and a member of the editorial board of the news magazine The New Times. Novodvorskaya was a fierce critic of the president Vladimir Putin and his regime.

References

Other websites

 Website of Democratic Union
 Opinions on grani.ru (Russian)
 «It can very soon come to pogroms», interview with Novodvorskaya, Jewish Observer, 21/40. November 2002

1950 births
2014 deaths
Russian politicians
Soviet politicians
Civil servants
CyanogenMod

CyanogenMod is an operating system for many smartphones and tablet computers. It is based on the Android operating system. This means all of Android's programs (called "apps") can be used with CyanogenMod. 
Because it is Open sourced it can be changed. It provides more options for a smartphone or tablet computer than with normal Android.
But CyanogenMod is more difficult to set up than other similar operating systems. This is why most of CyanogenMod's users know more about Android than the normal Android user.

CyanogenMod can be installed from this link . Also, some phones, such as the OnePlus One, come with CyanogenMod as its default OS.

Other websites 
 CyanogenMod's official website 
 OnePlus, maker of a CyanogenMod phone 

Operating systems
Slugterra: Return of the Elementals

Slugterra: Return of the Elementals is a 2014 Canadian animated movie produced by Nerd Crops Entertainment Inc. and distributed by Disney XD Canada, Screen Vision, Shout Factory, and Cineplex. The movie was released in theaters on August 2, 2014 in the United States.

Plot
Junjie (Previously the Dark Slinger from Slugterra: Ghoul from Beyond) joins the Shane Gang. They must stop an evil alliance led by the Goon Doc from Slugterra: Ghoul From Beyond from finding the four ancient elemental slugs—earth, air, fire, and water—which Goon Doc could use to destroy the 99 caverns.

Cast
 Samuel Vincent as Eli Shane/Will Shane
 Andrew Francis as Kord Zane/Shadow Clan
 Lee Tokar as Pronto Germiole 
 Shannon Chan-Kent as Trixie Sting
 Vincent Tong as Junjie  
 Brian Dubson as Goon 
 Mark Oliver as Blakk

Sources

2014 movies
Canadian animated movies
Eileen Ford

Eileen Ford (née Otte; March 25, 1922 – July 9, 2014) was an American model agency executive and co-founder. She founded the Ford Modeling Agency (now called Ford Models) in 1946.

Ford was born in New York City. She died in Morristown, New Jersey at age ninety-two.

Biography 
Eileen Cecile Otte was born in Manhattan and raised in suburban Great Neck, Long Island, the only daughter of four children of Loretta Marie (née Laine) and Nathaniel Otte. Eileen had been a model during the summers of her freshman and sophomore years at Barnard College, modeling for the Harry Conover Modeling Agency, one of the first in the United States. She graduated from Barnard in 1943.

The next year, she met her future husband, Gerard "Jerry" Ford, at a drugstore near the Columbia University campus and eloped with him, marrying in November 1944 in San Francisco.

Ford Modeling Agency 
A pregnant Eileen started to work as a secretary for several models, taking calls at her father's New York City law office, charging each model $65 to $75 per month.

Although the Fords' location was terrible, within a year, the modeling agency was the second or third most successful in the United States, grossing $250,000. The Fords' first superstar model was Jean Patchett. The Fords had the capital to instil the voucher system, something that other modelling agencies were not affluent enough to offer. Dorian Leigh described Eileen as "one of the hardest working, most persistent persons I have ever known, two qualities which made her my very good friend for years and later, my unanticipated enemy".

After two years, the Fords began to seriously compete with the Huntington Hartford modeling agency and the John Robert Powers agencies, the two most successful modeling agencies at the time. Leigh, meanwhile, closed her modeling agency when she was pregnant with her third child in 1948. Leigh called Eileen and told them that her 15-years younger sister, Suzy Parker, was making only $25 per hour working as a model for Huntington Hartford.

They soon realized, however, that Parker had the possibility of becoming quite a successful model. Soon thereafter, Parker would become the most successful model of the 1950s, helping push the Ford's agency to number one. In the 1940s and 1950s, the Fords represented top models Mary Jane Russell, Carmen Dell'Orefice, and Dovima.

Retirement 
In 1995, Katie Ford took over her parents' agency after their retirement. The 50th anniversary of the agency was highlighted in several articles including the July–August 1996 issue of American Photo magazine and in January–February 1997's Top Model magazine ("Ford at 50!"). She was CEO from 1995 to 2007. In December 2007, Ford was sold to Stone Tower Equity Partners. John Caplan took over as CEO while Katie Ford was on the Board of Directors. Jerry Ford died at the age 83 on August 24, 2008. He was survived by his wife, four children, eight grandchildren, and two great-grandchildren.

Death 
She died at a hospital in Morristown, New Jersey, from complications of meningioma and osteoporosis, on July 9, 2014, aged 92.

References

Businesspeople from New York City
1922 births
2014 deaths
John Michael Montgomery (album)

John Michael Montgomery is the third studio album by John Michael Montgomery. The album was released on March 28, 1995.

References 

1995 albums
John Michael Montgomery albums
RoboCop 2

RoboCop 2 is a 1990 American science fiction action movie. It was directed by Irvin Kershner and once again starred Peter Weller, Nancy Allen and Dan O'Herlihy. It is a sequel to the 1987 movie RoboCop. The movie is set in the near future in a crime-ridden dystopian Detroit, Michigan. A sequel to this movie, RoboCop 3, was released in 1993. A remake of the 1987 movie was released in February 2014.

References

1990 crime movies
1990 action movies
1990s science fiction movies
American action movies
American crime movies
American science fiction movies
English-language movies
Movies about drugs
Movies set in Detroit, Michigan
Movies set in the future
RoboCop
Drone movies
Dystopian movies
American superhero movies
American independent movies
RoboCop 3

RoboCop 3 is a 1993 American science fiction film action movie. It is the third movie in the RoboCop franchise and was directed by Fred Dekker. It's a sequel to RoboCop and RoboCop 2. Robert John Bruke replaces Peter Weller as the cyborg RoboCop. Nancy Allen starrs as his colleague for the third and last time. It is set in a crime-ridden dystopian Detroit, Michigan in the near future. A remake of the first film of the same name released in February 2014. The film picks off where the second film left off.

References

1993 action movies
1990s science fiction movies
American action movies
American science fiction movies
English-language movies
Movies set in Detroit, Michigan
Movies set in the future
RoboCop
Drone movies
Dystopian movies
American superhero movies
American independent movies
Kochas

Kochas is a town in the Rohtas District, Bihar, India. At the 2001 census, 119,576 people lived there. Many of the people are associated with defence jobs. Many people in Kochas are dependent on agriculture and agricultural products. Sometimes lack of rain creates problems for farmers.

The closest railway station to Kochas is in Sasaram,  away. There are three other railway stations in the area. Kochas has everything needed to live a middle class life. Kochas is famous for 1) Kanslilla . 2)sweets of Bhikharishah.

Settlements in Bihar
Towns in India
Battle of Monocacy

The Battle of Monocacy was one of the most important battles of the American Civil War. It was fought near Frederick, Maryland on July 9, 1864. A Confederate army commanded by Jubal Early was marching eastward towards Washington, D.C., to capture the city. A small Union army commanded by Lew Wallace fought the Confederates along the Monocacy River. The battle took most of the day to fight. The Confederates finally made Wallace's force retreat about 4:30 p.m. However, the delay kept the Confederates from reaching Washington until General Grant's soldiers reached the city. The Battle of Monocacy is sometimes called "the battle that saved Washington".

Battlefield Preservation 

The Monocacy National Battlefield, established in 1976 as a unit of the National Park Service, covers 1,647 acres of the battlefield along the Monocacy River south of Frederick, Md. The address is 5201 Urbana Pike, Frederick, Md.

The Civil War Trust (a division of the American Battlefield Trust) and its partners have acquired and preserved 445 acres of the battlefield. some of which is now part of the park.

References

Other websites 
 Historians mark the 150th anniversary of the Battle of Monocacy 
 The Battle of Monocacy; Early's Maryland Campaign

American Civil War battles
1864 in the United States
19th century in Maryland
July events
Cape Columbia

Cape Columbia is the northernmost point of land of Canada. It is on Ellesmere Island in the Qikiqtaaluk Region of Nunavut. It marks the westernmost coastal point of Lincoln Sea in the Arctic Ocean. It is only 769 kilometers (478 miles) from the North Pole.

Geography of Canada
Outer Banks

The Outer Banks are a line of barrier islands off the east coast of North Carolina. 

The islands form a 200 mile (320 km) long stretch. The islands are narrow. The islands are supported by tourism. The Atlantic Ocean is to the east and the Pamlico Sound is to the west. In the 1580s, the Lost Colony was built on the Outer Banks. The Wright Brothers's first flight happened on the Outer Banks in 1903.

References

Geography of North Carolina
Islands of the United States
Jan Nolten

Jan Nolten (20 January 1930 – 13 July 2014) was a Dutch professional road bicycle racer. Nolten rode in five Tours de France, and won two stages.

Death
Nolten was hospitalized in July 2014 after suffering a brain hemorrhage and died three days later.

Palmarès 

 1952
 Tour de France:
 Winner stage 12
 1953
 Tour de France:
 Winner stage 8
 1956
 Giro d'Italia:
 Winner stage 12

References

Other websites 
Official Tour de France results for Jan Nolten

1930 births
2014 deaths
Cardiovascular disease deaths in the Netherlands
Deaths from cerebral hemorrhage
Dutch cyclists
People from Sittard-Geleen
Sportspeople from Limburg (Netherlands)
Lorin Maazel

Lorin Varencove Maazel (March 6, 1930 – July 13, 2014) was an American conductor, violinist and composer.

Early life 
Maazel was born to Jewish American parents of Russian origin in Neuilly-sur-Seine, France. His father, Lincoln Maazel, was also a conductor.

Career 
In 1960, Maazel became the first American to conduct at the Bayreuth Festspielhaus. He was chief conductor of the Deutsche Oper Berlin from 1965 to 1971 and the Radio-Symphonie-Orchester (RSO) Berlin from 1964 to 1975.

Death 
He died aged 84 on July 13, 2014, his Castleton Farms estate in Virginia, from complications of pneumonia.

References

1930 births
2014 deaths
American composers
American conductors
American violinists
Deaths from pneumonia
Infectious disease deaths in the United States
Jewish American musicians
Musicians from Ile-de-France
Musicians from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Emil Bobu

Emil Bobu (22 February 1927 – 12 July 2014) was a Romanian Communist activist and politician. He was Interior Minister from 1973 to 1975. He was Labor Minister from 1979 to 1981. He was an influential figure in the later years of the Communist regime until his downfall during the 1989 Revolution.

Bobu died on 12 July 2014 at University Emergency Hospital Bucharest from a heart attack.

References

1927 births
2014 deaths
Activists
Civil servants
Communist politicians
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Government ministers
Murderers
Prisoners
Romanian politicians
Carin Mannheimer

Carin Mannheimer (Karin Birgitta Mannheimer; Jacobson 17 August 1934 – 11 July 2014) was a Swedish dramatist, screenwriter, author and film director. Mannheimer was known for her book Rapport om kvinnor ('Report on Women') (1969).

According to a text message sent by her daughter to the newspaper Göteborgs-Posten Mannheimer died unexpectedly on 11 July 2014 at the age of 79.

References

1934 births
2014 deaths
Swedish movie directors
Swedish movie producers
Swedish screenwriters
Dave Legeno

David "Dave" Legeno (12 October 1963 – 6 July 2014) was an English actor, boxer, and mixed martial artist. He was best known for his role as the werewolf Fenrir Greyback in three Harry Potter movies; Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince (2009), Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1 (2010) and Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2 (2011). He also had roles in Batman Begins (2005), Stormbreaker (2006) and Snow White and the Huntsman (2012).

Legeno was born in Marylebone, London. He lived with his daughter, Wendy, in England.

Legeno was found dead by hikers on 6 July 2014. He was hiking at the Death Valley National Park in the Sierra Nevada mountain range of California. His cause of death was heat stroke. He was 50.

References

Other websites
 

1963 births
2014 deaths
Actors from London
British boxers
English movie actors
English television actors
Mixed martial artists
Sportspeople from London
Kickin' it Up

Kickin' it Up is the second studio album by John Michael Montgomery. The album was released on January 25, 1994.

1994 albums
John Michael Montgomery albums
Luiz Alberto Dias Menezes

Luiz Alberto Dias Menezes (5 October 1950 – 9 July 2014) was a Brazilian geologist, mineralogist and mineral dealer. He collected the material which was used in the discovery of the mineral menezesite, which was named in his honor. He was born in São Paulo.

Menezes died on 9 July 2014 in São Paulo, aged 63.

References

Other websites
  

1950 births
2014 deaths
Geologists
People from São Paulo
Brazilian scientists
Fitzgerald Theater

The Fitzgerald Theater is the oldest active theatre in Saint Paul, Minnesota. It is the home of American Public Media's A Prairie Home Companion.  The theater is owned by Minnesota Public Radio. The Fitzgerald was also the location for the 2006 film of the same name.

History 

It was built in 1910 at a cost of $165,000. It had a sandstone front and was of concrete and steel construction. The theatre had several very modern features for its time. It had 2,000 electric light bulbs. The stage could be lowered and raised by two feet. It had 16 dressing rooms and a side entrance for those arriving in automobiles. It was one of many theaters built by the Shubert Theatre Corporation. It was originally named the Sam S. Shubert Theater. The theatre was designed by the noted Chicago architectural firm of Marshall and Fox.

By 1933 it had fallen on hard times. Even the Broadway shows that played there could not make it profitable. That same year it was remodeled in the Art Deco style and renamed the World Theatre. It became a movie theatre and specialized in showing foreign films. By 1978 it was scheduled to be torn down. Minnesota Public Radio was looking for a new home for one of it's programs, A Prairie Home Companion. They were able to lease the theatre for a very reasonable price. It was  placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984 as the Sam S. Shubert Theatre and Shubert Building. In 1985 it was decided the building was unsafe and was in danger of closing permanently. After raising nearly two million dollars, the building was once again renovated. In 1994 it was renamed after St. Paul native F. Scott Fitzgerald.

Movie location 
 
In 2005, the theater was used for filming the movie A Prairie Home Companion, directed by Robert Altman. Garrison Keillor, the star of the radio show also starred in the movie. He was instrumental in getting Hollywood stars such as Meryl Streep and Lily Tomlin for the movie.

The movie was shot digitally which allowed the cast and crew to fit into the small building. Even the theatre's basement was used for movie sets. With all the actors, technicians, electricians and carpenters squeezed into a small space, it was "as crowded as an ant farm". A Hollywood-style premiere was held at the Fitzgerald on 3 May 2006. A parade led from Rice Park to the theatre and the red carpet was laid out for the stars who arrived in white horse-drawn carriages.

References

Other websites 

The Fitzgerald Theater
MPR: Coleman, Mondale debate

1910 establishments in the United States
Theatres in the United States
20th-century establishments in Minnesota
Typhoon Rammasun (2014)

Typhoon Rammasun (known in the Philippines as Typhoon Glenda) was a 2014 Pacific Ocean typhoon. It affected Guam. It was expected to come to the Philippines, Taiwan, eastern China and Vietnam.

As of July 18, the storm's winds were .

Storm notices and warnings were activated from the Philippines to Vietnam and China. The Philippine threat from this typhoon was especially strong.

Impact
As of July 18, the typhoon had killed 38 people in the Philippines.

References
 

Pacific typhoons
2014 in weather
History of Guam
Battle of the Wilderness

The Battle of the Wilderness was a battle of the American Civil War. It was the first battle of the Overland Campaign. It was fought from May 5 to 7, 1864. A Union army commanded by U.S. Grant started marching south to capture Richmond, Virginia. The Confederate Army of Northern Virginia, commanded by Robert E. Lee, attacked Grant's army in an area called the Wilderness. After two days, Grant wasn't able to defeat Lee's army. He then decided to move the Union army southward to get between Lee and Richmond. This resulted in the Battle of Spotsylvania Court House. This was a battle that was considered inconclusive.

American Civil War battles
1864 in the United States
May 1864 events
Lofsdalen

Lofsdalen is a minor locality and ski resort located in Härjedalen Municipality, Sweden. In 2010, 116 people lived there.

References

Other websites

 Lofsdalen home page

Settlements in Jamtland County
Onsala

Onsala is a locality located in Kungsbacka Municipality, Sweden.

References

Other websites

Settlements in Jamtland County
Krombacher Brauerei

Krombacher Brauerei is one of the largest private owned breweries in Germany and the best selling German beer in 2015. Their headquarters are in Kreuztal, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.

References

Other websites 
Krombacher Official Page

Companies of Germany
Beer
North Rhine-Westphalia
Kreuztal

Kreuztal is a town in the Siegen-Wittgenstein district, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. As of 2012, 30,827 people live there.

History 

The first documents about the area go back to 1067. The town began to develop in 1861 after the Ruhr-Sieg railroad was made, making Kreuztal a railroad hub at that time. The town of Kreuztal was made on 1 January 1969.

Other websites 

 

Towns in North Rhine-Westphalia
Siegen-Wittgenstein Rural District
Panzer I

The Panzer I tank was a Nazi Germany light tank that was used during many wars of the 1930s as well as during World War II. The name of the tank is short for Panzerkampfwagen I ("armored fighting vehicle mark I") (abbreviated PzKpfw I).

The tank was only intended for use as a training tank to introduce the concept of armoured warfare to the German Army. The tank was used in combat in Spain during the Spanish Civil War, in Poland, France, the Soviet Union and North Africa during the Second World War, and in China during the Second Sino-Japanese War. The tank had thin armor and light armament of two machine guns. It was weak in combat but was a large part of Germany's tank forces. The Panzer I was replaced by the Panzer IV, Panther, and Tiger later on.

References

Tanks
C.D. Lugo

C.D. Lugo is a football club which plays in Spain.

League position 

Spanish football clubs
High Point, North Carolina

High Point is a city in central North Carolina. In 2010, it had 104,731 people. It is southwest of Greensboro and southeast of Winston-Salem. High Point has furniture, textile and bus manufacturing.

High Point became a town in 1859.

References

Cities in North Carolina
1859 establishments in North Carolina
Greenville, North Carolina

Greenville is the county seat of Pitt County, North Carolina, in the eastern part of the state. It is on Tar River. In 2010, it had 84,554 people.

Cities in North Carolina
County seats in North Carolina
Alice Coachman

Alice Marie Coachman (November 9, 1923 – July 14, 2014) was an American athlete. She specialized in high jump. She was the first black woman to win an Olympic gold medal. In 2002 she was designated a Women's History Month Honoree by the National Women's History Project.

References

Other websites
Alice Coachman's oral history video excerpts at The National Visionary Leadership Project
 Alice Coachman  (Entry in the New Georgia Encyclopedia)

1923 births
2014 deaths
American Olympic gold medalists
Deaths from cardiac arrest
Sportspeople from Georgia (U.S. state)
Albany, Georgia

Albany is a city, in and the county seat of Dougherty County, Georgia, United States, in the southwestern part of the state. The population was 77,434 at the 2010 U.S. Census, making it the eighth-largest city in Georgia.

Legendary singer Ray Charles was born in Albany in 1930.

References

Further reading
 Carolyn Clive, Frances Davis, and Tom Liner, eds., Glancing Backward: Albany, Georgia, 1836–1986 (Albany, Ga.: Dougherty County School System and Sesquicentennial Publication Committee, 1986).
 Lee W. Formwalt, "A Garden of Irony and Diversity," in The New Georgia Guide (Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1996).
 Joseph Winthrop Holley, You Can't Build a Chimney from the Top: The South through the Life of a Negro Educator (New York: William-Frederick Press, 1948).
 Thronateeska Chapter, Daughters of the American Revolution, History and Reminiscences of Dougherty County, Georgia (1924; reprint, Spartanburg, S.C.: Reprint Co., 1978).
 Works Progress Administration, Historical Background of Dougherty County, 1836–1940 (Atlanta: Cherokee, 1981).

Other websites
 South Georgia Historic Newspapers Archive Digital Library of Georgia
 Old U.S. Post Office and Courthouse 

 
County seats in Georgia
1838 establishments in the United States
1830s establishments in Georgia (U.S. state)
Oral rehydration therapy

Oral rehydration therapy is a treatment for dehydration: the sick person drinks water mixed with sugar and salt. They don't stop eating food. There is a mixture that is used for severe dehydration: This mixture also includes zinc. Those who take care of the sick person are taught how they can see it if the dehydration gets worse. The World Health Organization and UNICEF specify indications, preparations and procedures for ORT.

The therapy was developed in the second half of the 20th century. It has helped lower the number of human deaths from dehydration in vomiting and diarrheal illnesses, especially in cholera epidemics occurring in children. It is sign for public health getting better all over the world. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, a list of the most important medication needed in a basic health system.

Before ORT was used often, most of the children who died in developing nations, died from diarrhea. Between 1980 and 2006, the introduction of ORT is thought to have lowered the number of young children who died anywhere in the world from 5 to 3 million every year. However, in 2008, diarrhea is still the second most common cause of death in children under five years (17 percent), (after pneumonia (19 percent)). Moreover, by the same year, the use of ORT in children under five had declined.

Preparation 

WHO and UNICEF developed official guidelines for how to make ORS. Depending on what materials are available, they propose different alternative preparations. Commercial preparations are available as either pre-prepared fluids or packets of oral rehydration salts (ORS) ready for mixing with the fluid.

WHO/UNICEF's formula is  salt (NaCal),  trisodium citrate dihydrate ,  KCl,  anhydrous glucose () per litre of fluid. 

A basic oral rehydration therapy solution is composed of salt, sugar, and water in solution, made using a standard ratio and is appropriate for use in situations when ORS must be prepared without the standard ingredients. 

 30 ml sugar : 2.5 ml salt : 1 liter fluid
 6 teaspoons (tsp). sugar : 0.5 tsp. salt : 1 quart fluid

The Rehydration Project says that making it a bit too thin (using more than 1 liter of fluid) is not bad for the sick person.   

The best fluid is plain, clean water. However, fluids such as rice water, coconut water, vegetable broth, yogurt, weak unsweetened tea, unsweetened fresh fruit juice or even non-drinking water are recommended when plain, clean water is unavailable. Water can be made safe with chlorine, or by boiling it. However, ORS should still be given even if the water is maybe unsafe. Rehydration is more important. 

The molar ratio of sugar to salt should be 1:1 and the solution should not be hyperosmolar. The Mayo clinic suggests half a teaspoon of salt, six level teaspoons of sugar and  water. The British Columbia health service suggests 1 part fruit juice without sugar, mixed with 4 parts water.

References

Public health
Don Lenhardt

Donald Eugene "Don" Lenhardt (October 4, 1922 – July 9, 2014), nicknamed "Footsie", was an American baseballer. He was an outfielder, first baseman, third baseman, scout and coach in Major League Baseball. He played for the St. Louis Browns, the Chicago White Sox, the Boston Red Sox and the Detroit Tigers between 1950 and 1954.

Lenhardt was born in Alton, Illinois. He was nicknamed "Footsie" by teammates because he often had a hard time finding shoes that fit him right.

Lenhardt died on July 9, 2014 in Chesterfield, Missouri, aged 91.

References

Other websites
 Don Lenhardt at Baseball-Reference

1922 births
2014 deaths
American baseball players
Baltimore Orioles players
Baseball coaches
Boston Red Sox players
Chicago White Sox players
Detroit Tigers players
People from Alton, Illinois
Sportspeople from Illinois
Kenneth J. Gray

Kenneth James Gray (November 14, 1924 – July 12, 2014) was an Americans politician, businessman and auctioneer. He was a member of the Democratic Party. He was a U.S. Representative from Illinois's 25th, 21st, 24th and 22nd congressional districts. He served as a Representative between 1955 to 1974 and 1985 to 1989.

Gray was born in West Frankfort, Illinois. He was a World War II veteran and got five medals for his service.

Gray died on July 12, 2014 in Herrin, Illinois, aged 89.

References

Other websites

1924 births
2014 deaths
Businesspeople from Illinois
Military people from Illinois
United States representatives from Illinois
US Democratic Party politicians
Peter Underwood

The Honourable Peter George Underwood  (10 October 1937 – 7 July 2014) was an Australian jurist and politician. He was the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Tasmania from 2004 to 2008. He was a judge of that court since 1984. He was the Governor of Tasmania from 2008 until his death in 2014. He replaced William Cox.

Underwood was born in the United Kingdom. He moved to Australia in 1950 at the age of 13. He served in the Royal Australian Navy and graduated from the University of Tasmania in 1960.

Underwood had a tumour removed from his kidney in early June 2014. However, he had a setback after coming back to office. He died from kidney cancer on 7 July 2014 in Hobart. He was 76.

References

Other websites
 Peter Underwood  at the Supreme Court of Tasmania

1937 births
2014 deaths
Australian judges
Australian lawyers
Cancer deaths in Australia
Deaths from kidney cancer
Governors of Tasmania
Lois Johnson

Lois Johnson Scoggins (May 15, 1942 – July 7, 2014) was an American country music singer. She recorded for the record labels Columbia, MGM, 20th Century, Polydor between 1969 and 1978. She charted twenty singles on the Hot Country Songs charts. Her song "Loving You Will Never Grow Old" reached No. 6 in 1975. She toured with Hank Williams, Jr. between 1970 and 1973.

Johnson was born in Union County, Tennessee. She was raised in Maynardville, Tennessee.

Johnson died after a long illness on July 7, 2014 in Nashville, Tennessee, aged 72.

References

Other websites
 

1942 births
2014 deaths
Country musicians from Tennessee
Disease-related deaths in the United States
Singers from Tennessee
Robert C. Broomfield

Robert Cameron Broomfield (June 18, 1933 – July 10, 2014) was an American judge. He was a member of the United States District Court for the District of Arizona. President Ronald Reagan nominated him on May 15, 1985 and he was confirmed by the United States Senate on July 10, 1985. He served as chief judge from 1994 to 1999 and as a senior judge until his death.

Broomfield was born in Detroit, Michigan. He went to both the Pennsylvania State University and the University of Arizona College of Law.

Broomfield died from cancer on July 10, 2014 in Phoenix, Arizona, aged 81.

References

Other websites

1933 births
2014 deaths
American judges
American military people
Cancer deaths in the United States
Politicians from Detroit, Michigan
Politicians from Phoenix, Arizona
Canis

Canis is a genus with seven to ten living species. It incudes the domestic dog, wolves, coyotes, and jackals, and various extinct species. 'Canis' means "dog" in Latin.

Their canine teeth are adapted for killing, and their molar teeth can crunch bone. They are able to chase prey over long distances, far more so than felines.

References 

Carnivora