cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Horned lizard

The Horned lizards (Phrynosoma) are a genus of lizard wlives in dry areas and deserts of North America. The female horned lizard lays her eggs in a hole in the ground.

Diet 
The horned lizard eats mostly ants or other crawling insects.

Description 
The horned lizard has strong armor to protect it from its enemies. It has pointed scales, as well as horns behind its head.

References 

Lizards
White-backed vulture

The White-backed Vulture is a bird of the family Accipitridae which also includes eagles and hawks. They live in the African grasslands. They eat the leftovers of big cats. After their meal, they clean their feathers well so that they are always in good flying condition.

References 

Birds of Africa
Vultures
Checker-throated Antwren

The checker-throated antwren (Epinecrophylla fulviventris), also known as the fulvous-bellied antwren or checker-throated stipplethroat, is a small passerine bird in the antbird family. As its name, the males have throats with a black and white "checkered" pattern. The Checker-throated Antwren is the only member of the genus that lives in the west of the Andes. The species is found from Honduras south to northern Colombia and to western Ecuador.

References 

Passeriformes
White-flanked Antwren

The white-flanked antwren (Myrmotherula axillaris) is a passerine bird in the antbird family. It is the only antwren with white flank patches. Vieillot named the species in 1817. Because it has a large range, it does not reach the status of vulnerable.

References

Other websites 

White-flanked Antwren videos on the Internet Bird Collection
Stamps (for Nicaragua) with RangeMap
White-flanked Antwren photo gallery VIREO
White-flanked Antwren Photo ; Article 

Passeriformes
Black-hooded Antshrike

The black-hooded antshrike (Thamnophilus bridgesi) is a species of bird in the Thamnophilidae family.
It is found in Costa Rica and Panama. As its name, males are mostly black, with three rows of well-marked white spots on the wings. However, females are usually brown, and only its tail is black.

References 

 BirdLife International 2004.  Thamnophilus bridgesi.   2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.   Downloaded on 27 July 2007.

Passeriformes
3D (album)

3D is the final studio album by American girl group TLC. It was released on November 12, 2002 by Arista Records. This was six months after Lisa "Left Eye" Lopes died. The album debuted at number six on the Billboard 200 chart. 143,000 copies of 3D were sold in the first week of release. It was then certified Platinum by the RIAA for shipping 1,000,000 copies in the United States. The album was given two Grammy Awards nominations.

Track listing

Release history

Charts

References 

2002 albums
TLC albums
List of number-one Billboard Latin Albums from the 2010s

The Top Latin Albums chart is a weekly music chart. It is published by Billboard magazine. It lists the top 50 albums released (primarily) by Hispanics in the United States.

Number one albums

Key
 – Best-selling Latin album of the year

References

 For information about every week of this chart, follow this link; in the chart date section select a date and the top ten positions for the week selected will appear on screen, including the number-one album, which is shown in the table above.

Billboard charts
American music
Latin music
2010s albums
Music-related lists
Alejandro Fernández

Alejandro Fernández () (born April 24, 1971) is a Mexican singer. He was nicknamed "El Potrillo" (The Colt) by the media and fans. He has sold over 30 million albums worldwide. Alejandro is the son of ranchera singer Vicente Fernández. Alejandro sings Mexican folk music. These include mariachi and ranchera music. 

Alejandro Fernández has performed with artists such as Plácido Domingo, Marc Anthony, José Carreras, Chayanne, Amaia Montero, Joan Sebastian, Gloria Estefan, Malú, Julio Iglesias, Patricia Kaas, Miguel Bosé, Mario Frangoulis, Ednita Nazario, Yuri, Franco De Vita, Diego El Cigala, Nelly Furtado and Beyoncé Knowles.

Discography

Studio albums
 1992:  Alejandro Fernandez
 1993:  Piel De Niña
 1994: Grandes Exitos A La Manera De Alejandro Fernandez
 1995:  Que Seas Muy Feliz
 1996:  Muy Dentro de Mi Corazon
 1997:  Me Estoy Enamorando
 1999:  Mi Verdad
 2000:  Entre tus brazos
 2001:  Orígenes
 2003:  Niña Amada Mía 
 2004:  Zapata: El sueño del héroe
 2004:  A Corazón Abierto
 2007:  Viento A Favor
 2009:  Dos mundos: Evolución / Dos mundos: Tradición

Live albums
 1999:  Christmas in Vienna VI
 2002:  Un Canto De México
 2003:  En Vivo: Juntos Por Ultima Vez
 2005:  México – Madrid: En Directo Y Sin Escalas
 2010: '' Dos Mundos: Revolución

References

Other websites 
 Official website
 Alejandro Fernández at Univisión
 Foro Alejandro Fernández at Univisión

1971 births
Living people
Mexican singers
Mexican movie actors
Folk musicians
People from Guadalajara
Latin Grammy Award winners
Banda Los Recoditos

Banda Los Recoditos is a Mexican band. The members of the group formed the band in Mazatlán, Sinaloa, Mexico.

History 
In 1989, Banda Los Recoditos wad formed by a group of students. The band's name came from Banda el Recodo. This was because they were children of the band members from Banda el Recodo, a Mexican band formed by Cruz Lizárraga. Lizárraga invited the boys to perform at a birthday party for José Ángel Espinoza Ferrusquilla, a family friend. After they were done singing, everyone was amazed at their talents. This helped them realize their love for music.

They started out by singing in celebrations in Mazatlan and other neighborhoods close by. They began to become popular among the people in the city. The band recorded their first album A Bailar de Cabllito. This album helped the band to tour in the United States, where they were asked to play. After the released, Pancho Barraza, and Alfonso Lizárraga joined Banda el Recodo.

In 1998, the band renamed their name to "Banda Vuelta De Rio". Alfonso Lopez had wanted to change the name. They recorded three independent albums. In 2001, they changed their band's name to "Banda Los RCS" (Banda Ritmo Con Sabor Sinaloense). However, in 2004, they changed their band name again to their original band name.

Carlos Perez, Luis Angel Franco, and Carlos Sarabia joined the band in 2004. They began recording Regional Mexican music. This was popularized by young Mexicans. In 2005, was given an award "Popular Breakthrough of the Year" at the Premios Oye!. This was for their third album Si No Existieras. In 2006, the band recorded an album with their parent's group Banda el Recodo called Dos Generaciones. In 2010, the band released ¡Ando Bien Pedo! their first major album. It reached to number one on the Billboard Top Latin Albums chart. The single, which is the same name, reached number one on the Hot Latin Tracks chart as well. On September 19, 2010, Luis Angel Franco announced that the band is working on a new album. They released it in 2011 under the title A Toda Madre.

Band members

Source:

Discography
A bailar de Caballito (1990)
Lola la Bailera (1990)
Las rejas no matan (1991)
Tu abandono(1992)
Un Sólo Cielo (1993)
Adiós amor(1994)
Canto Para Tí (1995)
Siempre te voy a recordar (1996)
El Nylon (1997)
Y Todavia Hay Amor (1998)
Como La Primera Vez (2001)
Si No Existieras (2004)
Dos Enamorados (2005)
Vengo a Decirte (2007)
'¡Ando Bien Pedo! (2010)
''A Toda Madre (2011)

References

Mexican musical groups
1989 establishments in North America
1980s establishments in Mexico
Genchū

Genchū (元中) was a Japanese era name (年号, nengō, lit. year name) of the Southern Court during the Nanboku-chō period after Kōwa.  This was the last Southern Court era.  This period started in April 1384 and ended in October 1392.  During this time, the monarch in Yoshino until 1392 was ..  Until 1392, the pretender in Kyoto was   After 1392, Go-Komatsu was the 100th emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession.

Events of the Genchū Era
 1391 (Genchū 8): Yamana Ujikyo attacked Kyoto.
 1392 (Genchū 9), also known as Meitoku 3: Northern and Southern courts were reunited under Go-Komatsu.

Northern Court  nengō
 Shitoku, 1384-1387
 Kakei, 1387-1389
 Kōō, 1389-1390
 Meitoku, 1390-1394

Related pages
 Muromachi period

References

Other websites
 National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection

Japanese eras
1384 establishments
1380s establishments in Japan
1392 disestablishments
1390s disestablishments in Japan
Chayanne

Elmer Figueroa Arce (born June 28, 1968 ) is a Puerto Rican Latin pop singer. He is best known by his stage name Chayanne. He has released 21 studio albums. He has also sold over 30 million albums worldwide. Figueroa's nickname "Chayanne" was given to him by his mother. This was because he liked the 1960s television series Cheyenne. In the 1970s, Chayanne tried out for Menudo. The producers told him that he was too young to be in the group. Because of this, he joined another group called Los Chicos (the guys).  They recorded several hit singles. These include "Puerto Rico Son Los Chicos" and "Ave Maria", which would later be recorded by Beyoncé Knowles. After the group separated in 1984, Chayanne started his solo career. 

Chayanne signed with RCA Ariola. He released his first album Chayanne es mi Nombre (1984). His second album with RCA, Sangre Latina was released in April 1986. On May 5, 1987, Chayanne switched to Sony Music Latin. His self-titled album was released in that same year. The album features "Peligro de Amor" and "Fiesta en América" which ranked on the Billboard Hot Latin Tracks charts. On Noviember 1, 1988, Chayanne released another self-titled album. After its release, Pepsi wanted him to be their spokesperson. On August 7, 1990, his album Tiempo de Vals was given a Grammy Award nomination. Chayanne has also been in several TV programs since 1984.

Movies 
2010: Tangled .... Flynn Rider (Voice in Spanish )
2008: Gabriel .... Gabriel Marquez (10 episodes, 2008)
2008: Premios Billboard de la música latina (TV)
2004: La niñera
2001: Provócame  .... Pedro Balmaceda-Linares Duncan
2001: Ally McBeal .... Sam Adams (2 episodes) "Hats Off to Larry"  "Mr. Bo"
1998: Dance with Me  .... Rafael Infante
1997: Siempre piel canela  (TV) .... Singer
1996: Al compas de un sentimiento  .... Singer
1994: Linda Sara  .... Young Alejandro
1994: Volver a Empezar.... Chayanne (Himself)
1986: Pobre juventud

Discography 
2014: En Todo Estaré
2012: A Solas Con Chayanne
2010: No Hay Imposibles
2008: De Piel a Piel
2008: Chayanne: Vivo (live)
2007: Mi Tiempo2005: Cautivo2005: Desde Siempre2003: Sincero2002: Grandes Éxitos 
2001: Simplemente1998: Atado a Tu Amor1996: Volver a Nacer1994: Influencias1992: Provócame1990: Tiempo de Vals1988: Chayanne II1987: Chayanne 
1986: Sangre Latina1984: Chayanne es mi Nombre''

References

Other websites 

Puerto Rican singers
1968 births
Living people
Singers from Miami, Florida
American pop singers
Marc Anthony

For the Roman politician, please see Mark Antony.

Marco Antonio Muñiz (born September 16, 1968), is an American singer-songwriter, actor, and producer. He is best known by his stage name Marc Anthony. Anthony is the top selling tropical salsa artist of all time. He has won two Grammy Awards and three Latin Grammy awards. He has also sold over 12 million copies worldwide. He is best known for his Latin salsa songs and ballads.  

Anthony has won many awards. He won the 2009 Congressional Hispanic Caucus Institute (CHCI) Chair's Award. In 2009, he won the 2009 CHCI Chair's Lifetime Achievement Award.  Marc Anthony holds the record for having the most number one singles on the Billboard Tropical Songs chart. Marc Anthony is also the owner of the Miami Dolphins NFL team. 

Anthony worked with ex-wife Jennifer Lopez and director-choreographer Jamie King in late 2011 on a Latino talent series created by Simon Fuller, called Q'Viva! The Chosen. It follows Lopez and Anthony as they travel across 21 countries to find new talent.

He is a philanthropist.  He has won awards for his charitable work. He raises funds for orphanages in Latin America and for brain cancer.

Personal life
In 1994, Anthony's ex-girlfriend Debbie, a NYC police officer, gave birth to their daughter Ariana.

Marc married former Miss Universe Dayanara Torres on May 9, 2000.  They have two sons.  The marriage ended in October 2003.

Anthony married Nuyorican actress and singer Jennifer Lopez on June 5, 2004.   This was less than a week after his divorce.   They had twins in 2008. Anthony filed for divorce on April 9, 2012.

He was raised Roman Catholic. Anthony is a Democrat and attended the 2012 Democratic National Convention in support of President Obama's re-election.

Discography
 1991: When the Night is Over
 1993: Otra Nota
 1995: Todo a Su Tiempo
 1997: Hasta Que Te Conoci
 1997: Contra la Corriente
 1999: Marc Anthony
 2001: Libre
 2002: Mended
 2004: Amar Sin Mentiras
 2004: Valió la Pena
2006: Sigo siendo yo
 2007: El Cantante
 2010: Iconos

Filmography

References

Other websites 

Official Website
Marc Anthony at Billboard.com

1968 births
Singers from New York City
Democrats (United States)
Grammy Award winners
Living people
Latin singers
Jennifer Lopez
Latin Grammy Award winners
Romeo Santos

Anthony "Romeo" Santos (born July 21, 1981) is an American singer. Romeo was the lead singer of the Bachata group Aventura. As part of Aventura, Romeo became an important figure for making Bachata music popular. His songs were on the top of the Billboard Hot Latin Tracks charts and the top of music charts in Europe. In 2002, the band's song "Obsesión" was at number one in Italy for 16 weeks. 

Romeo was born in The Bronx, New York. His father is Dominican while his mother is Puerto Rican. When he was 12 years old, Romeo was a member of the church choir. On May 9, 2011, Romeo released his lead single "You" from his first album. The song debuted at number one on the Hot Latin Tracks and Tropical Songs chart. The second single, "Promise" a duet with Usher, reached number one on both charts as well.

Discography

Studio albums
 2011: Formula, Vol. 1
 2012: The King Stays King: Sold Out at Madison Square Garden 
 2014: Formula, Vol. 2 2017: Golden 2019: UtopíaSingles

References

Books
Rosen, Jody. "Crossover Dreams of a Bronx Bachatero". New York Times. Arts:Music. June 3, 2009
Symkus, Ed. "Listen to the Tale of Aventura". The Edge. The Boston Herald.com'' December 1, 2009

Singers from New York City
American R&B singers
Reggaeton
1981 births
Living people
Songs in A Minor

Songs in A Minor is the debut studio album by American singer and songwriter Alicia Keys. It was released on June 5, 2001 by J Records. Alicia Keys was signed with Colombia Records after she graduated high school. She recorded an album in 1998. Colombia Records did not like the album and did not release it. The contract with Colombia Records ended. This was because of a dispute with the label. Alicia Keys then signed a contract with Clive Davis. Keys is a classically-trained pianist. She used her pianist talents to produce and arrange her music. The album was named Songs in A Minor. However, only one song "Jane Doe" is in the key of A minor.

When the album was released, it was given positive reviews from music critics. Most of the reviews praised Keys mix of old school jazz and contemporary R&B and soul music. Keys was compared to artists such as Aretha Franklin, Stevie Wonder, Billie Holiday, Prince and Lauryn Hill. The album was given a lot awards. These include five Grammy Awards. Songs in A Minor debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 chart. It sold 236,000 copies the first week. It has sold 6.2 million copies in the United States and 12,000,000 copies worldwide. Rolling Stone magazine named Songs in A Minor the second best album of 2001. However, they list it at number 95 on its list of the best albums of the 2000s decade.

Track listing

Notes
  signifies an additional producer
  signifies a main producer and remixer
  signifies a remix producer
  signifies a co-producer
  signifies an additional producer and remixer

Songs in A Minor: 20th Anniversary Edition

The 20th Anniversary Edition was released on June 4, 2021 to celebrate the 20-year anniversary of the release of Songs in A Minor. The album includes four bonus tracks including the previously unreleased "Foolish Heart" and "Crazy (Mi Corazon)".

Track listing

Charts and certifications

Chart positions

Year-end charts

Decade-end charts

Certifications

Chart procession and succession

Release history

References

Books

Other websites 
 Songs in A Minor at Discogs

2001 albums
Alicia Keys
Neo soul albums
Global dimming

Global dimming is the slow decrease in the irradiance at the Earth's surface. Irradiance is the power of electromagnetic radiation per unit area. One of the possible causes of global dimming is pollution. It affects the water cycle by decreasing evaporation and by decreasing the rain in some areas. Global dimming also causes the earth to cool down. This cooling effect may cover the effect of greenhouse gases caused by global warming.

Causes and effects
Air pollutants absorb solar energy and reflect sunlight back into space. The pollutants can also become the core for cloud droplets. Water droplets in clouds fuse around the pollutants. More pollutants create clouds with more number of smaller droplets. The smaller droplets make clouds to reflect more light. This causes more sunlight to be reflected back into space and less light reaches the Earth's surface.

Clouds stop the heat from both going in and out from the earth. This process is complex and it changes according to the time, location and the height above the sea level. During the day, more sunlight stops from going in. This cools down the Earth. During the night, the heat in earth stops from going out. This slows down the heat from going out the earth.

Volcanic ash can also stops the sunlight from going in and out from the earth. Decreases in the earth's temperatures are observed after large volcanic eruptions. Some examples are the eruptions of Mount Agung in Bali that erupted in 1963, El Chichon (Mexico, 1983), Ruiz (Colombia, 1985), and Mount Pinatubo (Philippines, 1991). Even for large eruptions, the ash clouds do not stay for a long time.

Relationship to water cycle
Global dimming is harming the water cycle of the earth. It reduces the rain, which is very important for the fresh water. In 2001, researchers did a study at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography. The research suggested that the pollutants have a bad effect on the water cycle. Another global dimming event happened in 2006 in northern hemisphere during hurricane season. The NASA study found that the big dust storms happened in Sahara Desert during June and July cause the dust to go over the Atlantic Ocean. The dust forms a cover over the ocean and causes it to cool down. This reduces the hurricanes' development.

Climate change
Environmental issues
Barefoot in the Park (movie)

Barefoot in the Park is a 1967 American romance comedy movie. It was directed by Gene Saks, produced by Hal B. Wallis and written by Neil Simon. It is based on Simon's 1963 play Barefoot in the Park. It is set in Greenwich Village, Manhattan, New York City. It stars Robert Redford and Jane Fonda as newlywed couple Paul and Corie Bratter. Paul is a conservative attorney and Corie is free-spirited.

Other websites 

1967 comedy movies
1967 romance movies
1960s romantic comedy movies
American romantic comedy movies
English-language movies
Movies set in New York City
Paramount Pictures movies
Joey Harrington

Joey Harrington (born October 21, 1978) is an American retired football player. He played as a quarterback for the Atlanta Falcons in the NFL. Harrington also played for the Detroit Lions and the Miami Dolphins.

Harrington was born in Portland, Oregon.

References

Living people
1978 births
Atlanta Falcons players
Detroit Lions players
Miami Dolphins players
American football players
Sportspeople from Portland, Oregon
Alan Ball (screenwriter)

Alan Erwin Ball (born May 13, 1957) is an American writer, movie director and producer. He was born in Atlanta, Georgia and is openly gay.

Ball wrote American Beauty, for which he won an Academy Award and a Golden Globe Award. He created, wrote and produced Six Feet Under (for which he won an Emmy Award) and True Blood.

References

Other websites 

Academy Award winning writers
American movie producers
American screenwriters
American television directors
American television producers
American television writers
Emmy Award winning directors
Gay men
Golden Globe Award winning writers
LGBT directors
LGBT people from Georgia (U.S. state)
LGBT screenwriters
Movie directors from Georgia (U.S. state)
Writers from Georgia (U.S. state)
1957 births
Living people
Randy Foye

Randy Foye (born September 24, 1983) is an American basketball player. He played for the Oklahoma City Thunder and Los Angeles Clippers. Foye was selected with the seventh overal pick in the NBA Draft 2006. In 2007, Foye was selected for the NBA All-Rookie First Team.

References

Other websites 
 Randy Foye at 82games.com
 Randy Foye at nba.com

1983 births
Living people
Los Angeles Clippers players
Oklahoma City Thunder players
Korea Strait

The Korea Strait (, Daehan Haehyeop), also known as the Tsushima Strait, is a narrow body of water between  Japan  and South Korea.  The name is used in two ways.  It identifies the sea between Korea and Tsushima Island; and it is also used generally to describe the wider ocean area between Korea and the island of Kyushu.

The strait links the East China Sea and the Sea of Japan in the northwest Pacific Ocean.  Tsushima Island is between the western channel (Korea Strait) and the eastern channel (Tsushima Strait).

Geography
The northern shore of the strait is the southern coast of the Korean peninsula.  Depending on usage, the southern shores of the strait may mean the western coast of Tsushima or it may mean the western coasts of Kyūshū and Honshū.

The strait is about  wide and averages about 90 to 100 meters (300 ft) deep.

The western channel is deeper (up to 227 meters) and narrower than the eastern channel.

A warm current (Tsushima-kairyū) runs through the straight from south to north.

Related pages
 Russo-Japanese War

References

Other websites

Geography of South Korea
Bodies of water of Japan
Straits
Pacific Ocean
Makassar Strait

Makassar Strait is a strait between the islands of Borneo and Sulawesi in Indonesia.  To the north it joins the Celebes Sea. To the south it meets the Java Sea. The Mahakam River of Borneo empties into the strait.

Ports along the strait include Balikpapan in Borneo, and Makassar and Palu in Sulawesi.  The city of Samarinda is 48 km (30 mi) from the strait, along the Mahakam.

The strait is a common shipping route for ships too big to fit through the Straits of Malacca.

Geography of Indonesia
Straits
Pacific Ocean
The Tale of the Heike

is an epic account of the struggle between two rival clans at the end of the 12th century.  In the title of this work, the  is one of several ways to describe the  clan.

This conflict is also known in the Genpei War (1150-1185).

Translations
This long story has been translated into English at least five times, including
 1818-1821 by Arthur Lindsay Sadler 
 1956 by Fuki Wooyenaka Uramatsu.
 1975 by Hiroshi Kitagawa and Bruce Tsuchida
 1988 by Helen McCullough
 2012 by Royall Tyler

An abridged translation by Burton Watson was published in 2006.

Related pages 
 Emperor Antoku
 Nihon Odai Ichiran

References

Other websites
 Heike monogatari 
 The Tale of the Heike 

Japanese culture
History of Japan
Mozambique Channel

The Mozambique Channel is a part of the Indian Ocean. Its between the Somali Sea to the north, the island nation of Madagascar in the east, and Mozambique in the west.  It was the place of the World War II Battle of Madagascar. The channel is about 460 km across at its narrowest point between Angoche, Mozambique, and Tambohorano, Madagascar. The channel reaches a depth of 3,292 m (10,800 feet) about 230 km off the coast of Mozambique.

Islands in the channel

Comoros
Grande Comore
Mohéli
Anjouan

France
Mayotte
Banc du Geyser
Glorioso Islands
Juan de Nova Island
Europa Island
Bassas da India

Mozambique
Primeiras and Segundas Archipelago

Other websites

Indian Ocean
Straits
Geography of Mozambique
Madagascar
Strait of Otranto

The Strait of Otranto connects the Adriatic Sea with the Ionian Sea.  It separates Italy from Albania. Its width at Punta Palascìa, east of Salento is less than . The strait is named after the Italian city of Otranto.

During World War I, the strait was of strategic importance. The Allied navies of Italy, France, and Great Britain kept the Austro-Hungarian Navy from freely entering the Mediterranean Sea.

In 1997 and 2004, nearly 100 people lost their lives trying to illegally cross the strait.  This was following the 1997 unrest in Albania and poor economic conditions in the Tragedy of Otranto and the Karaburun tragedy.

In 2006, the Albanian government said that motor-powered sailing boats could not sail on all lakes, rivers, and seas of Albania.  This was to prevent organized crime. Government owned boats, foreign owned boats, fishing boats, and jet boats are still allowed. In 2010, the rule was extended for 3 more years, until 2013.

References

Other websites

Geography of Albania
Geography of Italy
Straits
Palk Strait

Palk Strait is a strait between the Tamil Nadu state of India and the Mannar district of the Northern Province of Sri Lanka. It connects the Bay of Bengal in the northeast with the Palk Bay and then with the Gulf of Mannar in the southwest. The strait is  wide. Several rivers flow into it, including the Vaigai River of Tamil Nadu. The strait is named after Robert Palk.  He was a governor of Madras Presidency (1755-1763) during the Company Raj period.

Geography
On the southern end  of the strait is a chain of low islands and reef shoals.  These are called Adam's Bridge. This chain goes between Dhanushkodi on Pamban Island and Mannar Island in Sri Lanka. 

The shallow waters and reefs of the strait make it difficult for large ships to pass through.

References

Other websites

Straits
Geography of India
Sri Lanka
Tamil Nadu
Sinergia

Sinergia is a experimental music band, formed in 1994 in Santiago, Chile. The band released five studio albums, one DVD, thirteen music videos, two extended plays and one demo. The Sinergia's music experiments alternative rock, avant garde metal, funk rock, funk metal, ska, alternative metal, progressive rock, electronic rock, nu metal, and also punk rock, rockabilly and folk rock in their music.

Members 
 Current members
Rodrigo Osorio - lead vocals (since 1994)
Pedro López - guitar (since 1994)
Pedro González - bass (since 2010)
Bruno Godoy - drums (since 1999)
Paul Eberhard - turntables, samples, percussion (since 1994)
Jaime García - turntables, keyboards, synthesizers (since 2003)

 Former members
Alexis González - bass (1994-2010)
Luis Silva - drums (1994-2000)

Discography 
 Studio albums
Sinergia (2001, La Oreja/Sello Azul)
Procésalo todo (2004, La Oreja)Delirio (2007, La Oreja)El imperio de la estupidez (2009, Oveja Negra)Aquí Nadie Debería Ser Pobre (2012, Oveja Negra)

 EPsApoyando la demencia (Self-released Demo 1998)Canciones de cuando éramos colegiales (2005, La Oreja)Vamos con todo (2010, Oveja Negra)

 DVDsImperdible'' (2008, La Oreja)

Awards 
El Copihue de Oro (Mejor Banda)
Festival de Viña del Mar 2008:
Antorcha de Plata
Antorcha de Oro
Gaviota de Plata
Premio Altazor 2008 (Mejor banda de Rock)
Premio Altazor 2010 (Mejor banda de Rock)
Premio Altazor 2012 (Mejor banda de Rock)

Chilean entertainers
Rock bands
1994 establishments
Funk bands
Santiago de Chile
1990s establishments in Chile
Byron, Georgia

Byron is a city in Peach County, Georgia, United States. A small part of the city goes into Houston County. The population was 2,887 at the 2000 census. 

Byron is home to the Middle Georgia Raceway.  The racetrack was host to the Atlanta International Pop Festival in 1970.  The festival was the largest gathering in Georgia history until the 1996 Olympics in Atlanta.

Byron is 90 miles south of Atlanta, 16 miles south of Macon and 10 miles from the Peach County seat of Fort Valley.

References

Cities in Georgia (U.S. state)
Peep Show (TV series)

Peep Show is a British television sitcom starring David Mitchell and Robert Webb. It ran from 19 September 2003 - 16 December 2015. It was created by Andrew O'Connor, Jesse Armstrong and Sam Bain. It was written by Armstrong, Bain and Simon Blackwell. Mitchell won a BAFTA Award for his role.

Mitchell plays Mark Corrigan, Webb plays Jeremy Usborne. They are two young men who share a flat in Croydon, London. They are friends despite being very different to each other. Much of the show's humour is about the difference between the two central characters.

Mark is conservative, studious, intelligent, hard-working, frugal, socially awkward  and loves history. He is a loan manager for the first five series.

Jeremy is unemployed, irresponsible, dishonest, lazy, promiscuous bisexual and hedonistic. From series 1 - 7 he attempts to become a professional musician. In series 8 and 9 he is a life coach.

Other websites 

2003 British television series debuts
2015 disestablishments in the United Kingdom
2015 television series endings
2000s British sitcoms
2000s LGBT television series
2010s British sitcoms
2010s LGBT television series
BAFTA Award winning programmes
Black comedy television series
British LGBT television programmes
Channel 4 comedy
LGBT comedy television series
London Borough of Croydon
Television series about friendship
Television series set in London
English-language television programs
Porsche Club Hohensyburg

The Porsche Club Hohensyburg is an organization of Porsche enthusiasts in Germany.

Is the first fan-club of cars Porsche. It was founded on May 26, 1952 in Westphalia.

Notes

Fandom
Porsche automobiles
1952 establishments in Europe
1950s establishments in Germany
Chinoiserie

Chinoiserie refers to elements in European art that are influenced by Chinese arts.  Some of the most prominent examples of Chinoiserie can be found in royal palaces in Europe, such as the Drottningholm Palace in Sweden and Tsarskoye Selo in Russia.

Other websites
Chinoiserie from Getty Museum

Art movements
Architecture
Chinese culture
Chloroacetic acid

Chloroacetic acid is an organochloride which results from replacing one hydrogen atom of acetic acid with one chlorine atom. Chloroacetic acid is used in industrial chemical processes, for example in the production of dyes. It was used as poison gas in the First World War, as a so-called Yellow Cross agent. It is still used to treat warts today. Chloroacetic acid is a very strong acid that causes immediate damage to the skin. Exposing between 5% and 10% of the skin to a solution of 80% chloroacetic acid will lead to death.

Chloroacetic acid,industrially also known as Monochloroacetic acid (MCA or MCAA) is a white or pale yellow crystal chemical with irritant smell mainly used in manufacturing a variety of products including herbicides, pharmaceuticals, anesthetics, tranquilizers and amphoteric surfactants as one of the fine chemical intermediates.

Acids
Chemical warfare
Wester Ross

Wester Ross is part of the Scottish county of Ross and Cromarty. It is in the northwest highlands. It has some of the most spectacular scenery in Great Britain, and is a tourist attraction.

Wester Ross is geographically the western watershed of Ross-shire. Administrative and political boundaries have been changed a number of times.

The mountains are made of a very old Precambrian rock known as the Torridonian sandstone formation. It was laid down in the Neoproterozoic era.

Gallery

References

Other websites 
Tourism portal

Geography of Scotland
Desertion

Desertion is a military word which means a soldier has left his position without permission. The soldier does not plan on returning. The term Absence Without Leave (AWOL) can also be used, but is usually used where the soldier does intend to return. Usually a soldier who has been AWOL for more than 30 days is listed as a deserter. Deserting is treated as a serious offense; military law usually provides for the death penalty. The last United States soldier executed for desertion was Eddie Slovik in 1945. No U.S. soldier has been given more than 18 months in prison for desertion during the Iraq War.

References

Other websites
 Missing movement  from About.com
 Memorial to German World War II deserters in Ulm, Germany at the Sites of Memory webpage
 Memorial to all deserters in Stuttgart, Germany at the Sites of Memory webpage
 AWOL Information

Types of crime
War
Military
New Revised Standard Version

The New Revised Standard Version (NRSV) is an English translation of the Holy Bible. It was released in 1989 in the United States. It is a revision of the Revised Standard Version. It is a formal translation and its editors tried to make it accurate. There are several editions of the NRSV. These include editions with the Apocrypha, Catholic editions, and Anglicized editions which use British spelling and grammar.

References

Bible versions
1989 books
Torridonian

The Torridonian is a sedimentary sandstone which sits on top of the earliest rocks in Scotland. The map shows the sandstone as orange: it is on the western edge of the mainland, and on part of Skye. Geographically, this is part of the district of Wester Ross.

The sandstone is the earliest sedimentary rock in this part of the world. Under it lies much older gneiss known as the Lewisian complex. All the rock under the sandstone is igneous and metamorphosed igneous rock. 

The sandstones are red beds laid down by rivers and lakes in a landscape of low rocky hills. A great thickness of red sandstone, brought in by rivers, buried the old hills. This took place in the Proterozoic, 1,200 to 544 million years ago (mya). There are older and younger sandstone groups, with a long period between them. The lower sandstone is a breccia, with broken fragments of earlier rocks.

As a result of later periods of rifting and mountain-building, some of the Torridian sandstone lies under the sea, and some of it is uplifted into mountains.

References 

Scotland
Proterozoic
Sandstones
Henry Hill

Henry John Hill Jr (June 11, 1943 - June 12, 2012) was an American mafioso. He was born and raised in Brooklyn, New York City. His mother was Sicilian and his father was Irish. Hill was a member of the Mafia from 1955 until he went into the Witness Protection Program in 1980. He later left the Program. He was a violent robber, extortionist and drug dealer. He was a compulsive gambler and drug addict who served prison sentences. He married Karen (née Friedman) in 1965. The couple had a son and daughter and divorced in 2002. Hill died in hospital in Los Angeles, California from a heart attack, aged 69. Hill's children survive him.

Hill's life was the basis of Nicholas Pileggi's book Wiseguy. This was later used as the basis for movie Goodfellas, in which Ray Liotta played Hill.

References 

1943 births
2012 deaths
American robbers
Cardiovascular disease deaths in the United States
Criminals from New York City
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Drug traffickers
Mobsters
Zheng Zhihua

Zheng Zhihua (, born 14 November 1961 in Taipei) is a Taiwanese singer. His songs were very popular in both mainland China and Taiwan during 1990s. His most famous song are "Seaman" () and "Stars lamps" ().

References 

Taiwanese singers
1961 births
Living people
Knife Party

Knife Party is an Australian electronic dance music duo. Their first EP was 100 % No Modern Talking, which was released on December 12, 2011 through Beatport. Knife Party was founded by Rob Swire and Gareth McGrillen from the band Pendulum. On May 28, 2012, Knife Party's second EP, Rage Valley was released. Their single Antidote (Swedish House Mafia vs. Knife Party) was their most successful release so far. It debuted at Number 4 in the UK Singles chart.

Discgography

Studio albums 
Abandon Ship (2014)

EPs 
100% No Modern Talking (2011)
Rage Valley (2012)
Haunted House (2013)

Singles 
"Antidote" (Swedish House Mafia vs. Knife Party) (2012)
"Resistance" (2014)
"Begin Again" (2014)
"Boss Mode" (2014)

References

Other websites 
Official website
 

Musical groups established in 2011
Australian musical groups
Electronic music bands
Musical duos
Musical groups from Western Australia
2011 establishments in Australia
Azuchi, Shiga

is a Japanese town in Shiga Prefecture near Lake Biwa.

History
The town is known for the ruins of Azuchi Castle.  The castle was built by Oda Nobunaga in the 16th century.  The castle was destroyed after Nobunaga's death by Akechi Mitsuhide in 1582; and only ruins remain. 

On March 21, 2010, Azuchi merged with the city of Ōmihachiman.

Gallery

Related pages
 Azuchi-Momoyama period

References

Other websites 

 Photoguide.jp Azuchi Castle

Towns in Japan
Settlements in Shiga Prefecture
Ray Liotta

Raymond Allen Liotta (born December 18, 1954) is an American actor and movie producer. He was born and raised in Newark, New Jersey. He was adopted when he was six months old. His movie roles include: Ray Sinclair in Something Wild, Shoeless Joe Jackson in Field of Dreams, Henry Hill in Goodfellas, Officer Pete Davis in Unlawful Entry and Detective Lieutenant Henry Oak in Narc. He won an Emmy Award for his role in ER.

Career
One of Liotta's earliest roles was as Joey Perrini on the soap opera Another World. He appeared on the show from 1978 to 1981. In his first movie he infamously sexually assaulted Pia Zadora with a garden hose in the cult classic The Lonely Lady. In 1987, he earned his first Golden Globe nomination for Something Wild. In 1989, he costarred, along with Kevin Costner, in the fantasy/drama movie, Field of Dreams. Liotta was Shoeless Joe Jackson, the ghost of the famed baseball player. In 1990, Liotta was real-life mobster Henry Hill in Martin Scorsese's movie Goodfellas. In 1992, he costarred, along with Kurt Russell and Madeleine Stowe, in the thriller Unlawful Entry as a psychopathic cop. He also had a leading role in Sci-Fi/Action movie No Escape. Liotta earned more praise for James Mangold's movie Cop Land, starring alongside Sylvester Stallone, Robert De Niro and Harvey Keitel. In 1998, he received praise the crime movie Phoenix.

In addition to his movie roles, Liotta was singer Frank Sinatra in the 1998 TV movie The Rat Pack.  He received a Screen Actors Guild Award nomination for this role.  He provided the voice of Tommy Vercetti for the 2002 video game Grand Theft Auto: Vice City.  He received an Independent Spirit Award nomination and a Phoenix Film Critics Society Awards nomination for Best Supporting Male for the movie Narc.  He then reunited with director James Mangold in 2003 alongside John Cusack and Alfred Molina in the dark horror-thriller Identity.  He also narrated Inside the Mafia for the National Geographic Channel in 2005.  He appeared with John Travolta in the movie Wild Hogs and with Johnny Depp in the 2001 movie Blow.

In 2011, he starred in The Son of No One, opposite Channing Tatum and Al Pacino.  Liotta's recent movies include Date Night with Steve Carell, Charlie St. Cloud with Zac Efron, the independent drama Snowmen, and The River Sorrow, which stars Liotta as a detective alongside Christian Slater and Ving Rhames.

Personal life
Liotta married actress Michelle Grace in February 1997. Their daughter, Karsen, was born in December 1998. The couple divorced in 2004. Liotta currently lives in Pacific Palisades, California.

References

Other websites 

Actors from Newark, New Jersey
American adoptees
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
Emmy Award winning actors
Movie producers from New Jersey
Businesspeople from Newark, New Jersey
1954 births
Living people
Meiji Shrine

is a Japanese Shinto shrine in Tokyo.  It honors the spirits of Emperor Meiji and his wife, Empress Shōken.

History
After the emperor's death in 1912, the Diet of Japan voted to commemorate his role in the Meiji Restoration.

Work began on the shrine in 1915.  It was formally dedicated in 1920; and it was completed in 1921.

The grounds of the shrine were finished by 1926.  Trees in the park were donated by people from all parts of Japan.

Until 1946, the Meiji Shrine was in the .

References

Other websites

 Meiji jingū website  
 Meiji Shrine map 
 Meiji Shrine panorama 

Buildings and structures in Tokyo
Shinto shrines
Margaret Sanger

Margaret Sanger (September 14, 1879–September 6, 1966) born Margaret Hennessy Higgins, was the founder of Planned Parenthood. She was a leading birth control activist, feminist, nurse, and sex educator. Her father was Irish. She helped finance biologist Gregory Pincus's creation of the birth control pill. She married twice, first to architect William Sanger, then to J. Noah Slee, a South African born oil tycoon.

References

1879 births
1966 deaths
American activists
American feminists
Deaths from heart failure
Nurses
Educators from New York
Industrial Workers of the World
Leaves of Grass

Leaves of Grass is a collection of poetry by American writer Walt Whitman (18191892). The collection was first printed on July 4, 1855 in Brooklyn at a Fulton Street printing shop. About 800 copies were printed. The book was 95 pages long and had 12 poems. Whitman paid for this first printing. The book did not sell well.

Whitman added material to Leaves of Grass and revised the book many times during his life. The most famous poems in the book are "Song of Myself", "I Sing the Body Electric", "Out of the Cradle Endlessly Rocking", and "When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom'd". The collection praised the human body, the material world, nature, and the experience of the senses at a time when poetry focused on religious experience and the life of the spirit.

Related pages
 Calamus

Reading list 
Callow, Philip. From Noon to Starry Night: A Life of Walt Whitman. Chicago: Ivan R. Dee, 1992. ISBN 0-929587-95-2
Kaplan, Justin. Walt Whitman: A Life. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1979. ISBN 0-671-22542-1
Loving, Jerome. Walt Whitman: The Song of Himself. University of California Press, 1999. ISBN 0-520-22687-9.
Miller, James E., Jr. Walt Whitman. New York: Twayne Publishers, Inc. 1962.
Reynolds, David S. Walt Whitman's America: A Cultural Biography. New York: Vintage Books, 1995. ISBN 0-679-76709-6

References

Other websites 
 The Whitman Archive--contains all editions of Leaves of Grass published in Whitman's lifetime, including text and page images.
Leaves of Grass - The "Long Foreground"
Leaves of Grass at Project Gutenberg
Poets.org guide to Leaves of Grass 
Audio Book — complete & unabridged, public domain, Librivox Audio Recording of Leaves of Grass (1891 edition)

19th-century American poems
Calamus

"Calamus" is a group of poems in Walt Whitman's Leaves of Grass. They are about gay love or, in Whitman-speak, "the manly love of comrades". The Calamus poems have their seeds in a group of poems called "Live Oak with Moss". Whitman wrote these poems before or in the spring of 1859. They were printed with other poems in the 1860 third edition of Leaves of Grass to form a group of 45 poems about gay love. The "Live Oak" poems seem to be about relations between the Whitman and a male lover. Whitman sees the love of comrades as the backbone of all nations, the root of religious sentiments, the source of personal anguish and joy, and the answer to the big questions of life. The Calamus (Acorus calamus, or Sweet Flag) root is shaped like a phallus and has connections with a mythological story about gay lovers.

Other websites 
Calamus On WikiSource
 Manuscript for "Live Oak With Moss" at the Walt Whitman Archive

Poetry
Mount Isa

Mount Isa is a city in the north west region of Queensland, Australia. In June 2006 there 18,857 people living in the city. and 31,000 in the region. Mount Isa began in the 1920s as a mining town. Mount Isa Mines (MIM) is one of the most productive mines in the world, producing lead, silver, copper, and zinc.

References

Cities in Queensland
Khonsu

Khonsu is the god of the moon, moonlight, and time in Egyptian mythology. In the beginning of the gods, he gambled time with the sky goddess Nut. The goddess Nut won so many times that she could then add five days to the calendar. These days were called the "devil days". Khonsu's father is Amun, and his mother is Mut. 

Egyptian gods and goddesses
Copycat (movie)

Copycat is a 1995 American psychological thriller movie. It was directed by Jon Amiel, produced by Arnon Milchan and Mark Tarlov and written by Ann Biderman and David Madsen.

It is set in San Francisco, California. It stars Sigourney Weaver as criminal psychologist Dr. Helen Hudson and Holly Hunter as police detective M.J. Monahan. Dermot Mulroney plays her work partner, detective Reuben Goetz. Harry Connick, Jr. plays Daryll Lee Cullum and William McNamara plays Peter Foley. Cullum is imprisoned early in the movie for murder and for attacking Hudson. As a result of the attack, she has agoraphobia and posttraumatic stress disorder. Foley is a serial killer who is committing murders in the ways that they were done by notorious serial killers.

References

Other websites 

1995 crime movies
1995 thriller movies
1990s crime thriller movies
1995 mystery movies
1990s psychological movies
1990s serial killer movies
American crime thriller movies
American mystery movies
American psychological movies
American serial killer movies
Antisocial personality disorder in fiction
Movies about stalking
English-language movies
Movies set in San Francisco
Movies directed by Jon Amiel
The Piano

The Piano is an award-winning 1993 romantic drama movie which stars Holly Hunter and Harvey Keitel. This drama is about a mute pianist and her daughter in 19th century New Zealand. The score for the piano by Michael Nyman became a bestselling soundtrack album.

The Piano was a commercial and critical success, grossing more than $40 million, against its $7 million budget. At the 66th Academy Awards, The Piano won three awards: Best Actress for Hunter, Best Supporting Actress for Paquin, and Best Original Screenplay. Paquin, who at the time was 11 years old, is the second youngest Oscar winner ever. The film won the Palme d'Or and a Best Performance Prize for Holly Hunter at the 1993 Cannes Film Festival.

References

Other websites

 

1993 drama movies
1993 romance movies
1990s romantic drama movies
Academy Award winning movies
English-language movies
Movies set in the 19th century
Australian drama movies
Australian romance movies
French drama movies
French romance movies
New Zealand movies
Movies directed by Jane Campion
The Firm (1993 movie)

The Firm is a 1993 American legal thriller movie. It stars Tom Cruise and Holly Hunter and was directed by Sydney Pollack. The thriller is based on a novel of the same name by author John Grisham.

Locations used to shoot movie
Memphis, Tennessee
 Owen Brennan's - Lunch scene in cocktail/bar area. Owen Brennan's commemorated the filming by placing plaques on the two cocktail chairs where Tom Cruise and Gene Hackman sat.
 Peabody Hotel - BBQ roof scene overlooking Mississippi River Bridge and downtown Memphis.
 Beale Street - Scene where Mitch and Abby see young tumblers as street performers
 Lausanne Collegiate School- Playground scene and others.
 Front Street Deli - Meeting at diner.
 Mud Island
 Blues City Cafe - FBI first meeting with Mitch.
Grand Cayman, Cayman Islands
Marion, Arkansas
 The Marion Hotel - Apartment room on top floor for a scene.

Release 
Critical reaction to The Firm was mostly positive.  The movie got a 76% rating at Rotten Tomatoes.

References

Other websites 
 

1993 drama movies
1993 thriller movies
1990s drama thriller movies
1990s mystery movies
American drama thriller movies
American mystery movies
English-language movies
Legal movies
Movies based on books
Movies directed by Sydney Pollack