cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Fiona Reynolds

Dame Fiona Claire Reynolds DBE (born 29 March 1958) was the Director-General of the National Trust until November 2012.

Education 
Reynolds was educated at Rugby High School for Girls, an all-girls grammar school in Rugby, Warwickshire. She holds bachelor's degree in geography and land economy from Newnham College, Cambridge. She has postgraduate study at the University of Cambridge. She also Master of Philosophy (MPhil) degree in land economy.

Career 
Reynolds held different positions in the Council for National Parks and the Campaign for Rural England before joining the Cabinet Office as Director of the Women's Unit. She was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE). She became Director General of the National Trust. She was a guest on Private Passions, the biographical music discussion programme on BBC Radio.

Recognition 
Reynolds was appointed Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire (DBE) in the 2008 New Year Honours for "services to heritage and conservation". In 2019 she was awarded the Royal Geographical Society's Patron’s Medal for her contribution to environmental protection, conservation and the preservation of the British landscape.

References 

1958 births
Living people
People from Cumbria
Chloe Kim

Chloe Kim (born April 23, 2000) is an American snowboarder. She was the youngest person to win an Olympics snowboarding gold medal in the halfpike when she won it at 17 in the 2018 Winter Olympics. In the 2022 Winter Olympics, she repeated her win in the event.

Living people
American sportspeople
Jordyn Woods

Jordyn Woods (born 23 September 1997, Los Angeles, California) is an American model, entrepreneur, socialite, singer, and YouTuber. She is known for her role on the reality television show Life of Kylie and for her YouTube videos.

1997 births
Living people
Models from Los Angeles
Singers from Los Angeles
Businesspeople from Los Angeles
Maddie Ziegler

Madison Nicole Ziegler (; born September 30, 2002) is an American dancer, actress and author. She is known for appearing on the Lifetime's reality show Dance Moms from 2011 until 2016. She is also known for being in many music videos by Sia, beginning with "Chandelier" and "Elastic Heart". Ziegler was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

References

2002 births
Living people
American dancers
Actors from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
American television actors
American movie actors
American child actors
Writers from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Models from Pennsylvania
American choreographers
Participants in American reality television series
Singers from Pennsylvania
Simon Jenkins

Sir Simon David Jenkins FSA FRSL (born 10 June 1943) is a British author, newspaper columnist and editor.

Education 
Jenkins went to Mill Hill School. He graduated from St John's College, Oxford, where he read Philosophy, Politics and Economics.

References 

Living people
1943 births
Alumni of the University of Oxford
British bloggers
British journalists
Editors
Exile (2020 movie)

Exile () is a 2020 Kosovan drama movie directed by Visar Morina and starring Mišel Matičević, Sandra Hüller, Rainer Bock, and Thomas Mraz.

Other websites
 

2020 drama movies
Kosovan movies
German drama movies
Belgian drama movies
Rommel N. Angara

Rommel Nazareno Angara (born August 20, 1980), better known as Rommel N. Angara ( ; ), is a Filipino poet and essayist. His poems were published in Pambata, a magazine for Filipino children; Sipag Pinoy, a publication of the Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE); and Liwayway, the oldest Tagalog magazine in the Philippines. His essays were published in The Modern Teacher, a magazine for Filipino teachers.

Personal life 
He was born in the town of Baler in the Philippine province of Aurora. He is the youngest of the sons of Rodolfo R. Angara, Sr. of Baler, Aurora and Milagros D. Nazareno of Goa, Camarines Sur. During his childhood through early adolescence, he witnessed his father’s occasional violence toward his mother, who eventually fled their house. During his childhood through early adulthood, he also witnessed the former’s occasional drunkenness and regular smoking. When he was a young adult, he worked as an office clerk, tutor, and houseboy. In late December 2015, he was diagnosed with Ménière's disease (MD).

Education 
He graduated as high school valedictorian in 1997 and as a commended college student in 2013 with a Bachelor of Secondary Education (BSEd) degree from the Mount Carmel College of Baler (MCCB), the oldest Catholic mission school in the province of Aurora.

Writing career 
A member of a broken family in his early adolescence, he turned to poetry writing for consolation. His first published poem was the children’s poem "Why Do They Cut Me, Lord?" which appeared in Pambata in 1998. He wrote some poems for Sipag Pinoy from 2000 to 2002 and for Liwayway between 2011 and 2012. Among the poems he wrote for Liwayway was the sonnet "En Su Incansable Labor"  ("On Her Tireless Work") included in the National Library of the Philippines (NLP) catalog in 2012. As a poet, he has a firm belief that "a hundred ideas and a hundred sentiments" can be expressed "even with a single poetic line." He wrote some essays for The Modern Teacher in 2005 and from 2016 to 2020. Among the essays he wrote for The Modern Teacher was "Is It Time for You to Say 'I Do'?—An Open Letter to a Young Student in Love."

Media portrayal 
His life story was featured in the Maalaala Mo Kaya? (MMK) May 21, 2016 episode “Pasa” ("Bruise") aired on ABS-CBN, with child actor Raikko Mateo and actor, model, and video jockey Diego Loyzaga playing the lead role. A trending topic in the Philippines on Twitter at Rank 1 for over four hours before midnight of May 21, 2016, the MMK episode  reached a 30.2% nationwide rating compared with the 15.0% and 1.5% ratings garnered by the Magpakailanman (MPK) episode (GMA 7) and the Wattpad Presents episode (TV5), respectively. MMK is the longest-running television (TV) drama anthology in the Philippines and in Asia, featuring weekly inspirational stories of celebrities and common people, with Filipina media executive, movie and TV producer, and actress Charo Santos-Conchio as host-narrator.

References 

1980 births
Living people
Filipino writers
Poets
Far-left politics

Far-left politics are politics further to the left of the left–right political spectrum than the standard political left.

The term far-left has been associated with some forms of anarchism and communism, or it characterizes groups that advocate for revolutionary anti-capitalism, anti-fascism and anti-imperialism.

Political movements
A State of Madness

A State of Madness () is a 2020 Dominican Republic drama movie directed by Leticia Tonos and starring Luis José Germán, Jane Santos, Pavel Marcano, Ico Abreu, Rick Montero.

Other websites
 

2020 drama movies
Dominican Republic movies
Movies directed by Leticia Tonos
Pomosexuality

Pomosexuality describes people whose sexual orientation isn't represented through conventional terms, such as homosexual, heterosexual and bisexual.

Some pomosexual may be queer, or questioning, some may not.

References

Sexuality
Canis Major Dwarf Galaxy

The Canis Major Dwarf Galaxy (CMa dwarf) or Canis Major Overdensity (CMa overdensity) is a disputed dwarf irregular galaxy in the Local Group. It is in the same part of the sky as the constellation Canis Major.

The supposed small galaxy has a relatively high percentage of red giant stars. Itis thought to have about one billion stars in all.

The Canis Major Dwarf is an irregular galaxy. It may be the closest neighbouring galaxy to us in the Milky Way. It is about 25,000 light-years away from the Solar System, and 52,000 light-years from the Galactic centre. It has a roughly elliptical shape and is thought to contain as many stars as the Sag DEG, the previous contender for closest galaxy to us.

Discussion 
The dwarf was discovered in 2003.

Several studies cast doubts on the true nature of this overdensity. Investigation of the area in 2009 showed only ten RR Lyrae variable stars. This is consistent with the Milky Way's halo and thick disk populations, rather than a separate dwarf spheroidal galaxy.

References 

Dwarf galaxies
Milky Way
Sasha Banks

Mercedes Justine Kaestner-Varnado (born January 26, 1992) is an American professional wrestler and actress. She is currently signed to WWE where she peforms on the Smackdown brand under the ring name Sasha Banks Where she is a former 5 time raw women's champion, 2 time tag team champion, former Smckdown women's champion, and a former NXT women's Champion.

1992 births
Living people
Professional wrestlers
Female professional wrestlers
Arctic rabies virus

Arctic rabies virus is a strain of Rabies lyssavirus that circulates throughout the arctic regions of Alaska, Canada, Greenland, and Russia. There have been no cases in Sweden or in the mainland of Norway in over 100 years. The virus is, however, found on Svalbard. No cases have been reported from Finland since 1989. The Arctic fox is the main host.

Arctic rabies virus belongs to the family Rhabdoviridae and the genus Lyssavirus. Arctic rabies virus represents one of four genotypes of rabies, all of which have been shown to adapt to different hosts which include fruit- and insect-eating bats and the Arctic fox.

Viruses
Perfect (1985 movie)

Perfect is a 1985 American romantic drama movie directed by James Bridges and starring John Travolta, Jamie Lee Curtis, Marilu Henner, Laraine Newman, Jann Wenner, Carly Simon, Chelesa Field, Paul Barresi. It was distributed by Columbia Pictures.

Other websites
 

1985 romance movies
1985 drama movies
1980s romantic drama movies
American romantic drama movies
Columbia Pictures movies
Code Unknown

Code Unknown () is a 2000 French Austrian German Romanian drama movie directed by Michael Haneke and starring Juliette Binoche, Thierry Neuvic, Josef Bierbichler, Hélène Diarra, Ona Lu Yenke, Didier Flamand.

Other websites
 
 

2000 drama movies
French drama movies
Austrian movies
German drama movies
Romanian drama movies
Movies directed by Michael Haneke
Sylvia (1985 movie)

Sylvia is a 1985 New Zealand biographical movie directed by Michael Firth about Sylvia Ashton-Warner. It stars Nigel Terry, Tom Wilkinson, Eleanor David, Mary Regan.

Other websites
 
 

1985 movies
1980s biographical movies
New Zealand movies
Control key

The Control key  is a key of the computer keyboard. It does not enter any letter, number or symbol on the screen. It is a special key. It is called Control, but we write "CTRL" as short form.

Computers
Sky (video game)

Sky: Children of the Light (Chinese: Sky光·遇; pinyin: Sky Guāng·yù) (shortened to Sky in-game) is an open world social indie adventure game developed and published by Thatgamecompany. It was first released for iOS on July 18, 2019. An Android version was later released on April 7, 2020, and a Nintendo Switch version was released on June 29, 2021. However, a beta was available since earlier, and is currently used by players to give feedback before a season or a change to the main game is implemented.
Battle of Svolder

The Battle of Svolder was the largest naval battle of the Viking age. It was fought on September 9, 999 or 1000.

References 

Battles
10th century in Europe
999
1000
11th-century conflicts
Sandino (movie)

Sandino is a 1990 Spanish Nicaraguan biographical movie directed by Miguel Littín and starring Kris Kristofferson, Joaquim de Almeida, Dean Stockwell, Ángela Molina, Victoria Abril, Omero Antonutti, Blanca Guerra.

Other websites

1990 movies
1990s biographical movies
Spanish movies
Spanish biographical movies
Nicaraguan movies
Chilean movies
Italian biographical movies
Cuban movies
Mexican movies
Movies directed by Miguel Littín
Islamic University, Bangladesh

Islamic University, Bangladesh is one of the major public research and PhD granting universities in Bangladesh and the largest seat of higher education in the south-west part of the country. It popularly known as Islamic University, Kushtia shorly IU. It is the only university in Bangladesh where a specialized stream of Theology and seven others academic divisions/faculties: Engineering and Technology, Humanities, Social Sciences, Sciences, Biological Sciences, Business Administration and Law are running parallel in a multicultural atmosphere. It is the seventh oldest university in the country and the first university in Bangladesh established after the independence from West Pakistan in 1971. It offers undergraduate, graduate, M Phil and PhD degrees.

History 
On 1 December 1976 then government announced the establishment of the Islamic University to promote a coordinated approach to Islamic education and general education in the country. Islamic University, Kushtia was founded on 22 November 1979 at Shantidanga-Dulalpur (Kushtia-Jhenidah) by then President of Bangladesh General Ziaur Rahman, based on the recommendation of ‘Islamic University Planning Committee’ on 7 January 1977 headed by M. A. Bari including seven other members.

Faculties and departments 
At present the university offers academic programs through its 34 departments under 8 faculties.

References 

Colleges and universities in Bangladesh
Claude Joseph

Claude Joseph is a Haitian politician. He was the acting President of Haiti from the time Jovenel Moïse was assassinated on 7 July 2021 until 20 July 2021. He was also the acting Prime Minister of Haiti since 2021. His claim to the presidency was also disputed with Joseph Lambert, who was nominated by eight senators of Haiti to succeed Moïse.

On 19 July 2021, Joseph resigned from acting president and prime minister to support his replacement Ariel Henry becoming the next leader.

References

Presidents of Haiti
Living people
Prime Ministers of Haiti
WikiWikiWeb

The WikiWikiWeb is the first wiki, or user-editable website. It was launched on 25 March 1995 by its inventor, programmer Ward Cunningham, to accompany the Portland Pattern Repository website discussing software design patterns. The name WikiWikiWeb originally also applied to the wiki software that operated the website, written in the Perl programming language and later renamed to "WikiBase". The site is frequently referred to by its users as simply "Wiki", and a convention established among users of the early network of wiki sites that followed was that using the word with a capitalized W referred exclusively to the original site.

History 
The software and website were developed in 1994 by Cunningham in order to make the exchange of ideas between programmers easier. The concept was based on the ideas developed in HyperCard stacks that Cunningham built in the late 1980s. On March 25, 1995, he installed the software on his company's (Cunningham & Cunningham) website, c2.com. Cunningham came up with the name WikiWikiWeb because he remembered a Honolulu International Airport counter employee who told him to take the Wiki Wiki Shuttle, a shuttle bus line that runs between the airport's terminals. "Wiki Wiki" is a reduplication of "wiki", a Hawaiian language word for "quick". Cunningham's idea was to make WikiWikiWeb's pages quickly editable by its users, so he initially thought about calling it "QuickWeb", but later changed his mind and dubbed it "WikiWikiWeb".

Related pages 
 Wikipedia
 Wiki

References 

Wikis
1995 establishments
Whale vocalization

Whale sounds (or vocalization) are used by whales for communication.  Whales can make different kinds of sounds, including growling and singing. The song of whales is a regular sound made by some whales (for example, baleen whale). Humpback whales make long, complicated songs. Some whales can sing and some cannot.

Scientists are not sure what the songs do.  Whales as young as one month old make some songs.  Among humpback wales, the male adults sing much more than other whales do, so scientists think it might be males competing for mates.

Unlike humans, whales do not pass air through vocal cords to make sounds.  Bubbles do not rise up from a whale as it makes sounds.  Some scientists think whales push air through holes inside their heads, called sinuses.  They push the air across tissue called "phonic lips" or "vocal folds."

Due to their life in the water, whales and other marine mammals are very dependent on acoustic communication.

References

Animal communication
Cetaceans
INN

INN may stand for:

Medicine 
 International nonproprietary name, one type of name used in the pharmaceutics branch  (or part) of pharmacology

News 
 Independent News Network
 Independent Network News (disambiguation)
 Institute for Nonprofit News, formerly known as Investigative News Network
 InterNetNews news server
 Israel National News, English name for Israeli media network Arutz Sheva

Other 
 ImagiNation Network
 The IATA airport code for Innsbruck Kranebitten Airport
 Interfaith Nutrition Network

Related pages 
 Inn, an establishment for travelers to lodge, eat, and rest
Phenylpiracetam

Phenylpiracetam is an analog of the drug piracetam.

Research on animals has given some indication that phenylpiracetam may have anti-amnesic, antidepressant, anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, and memory enhancement effects.

Doping in sport
Phenylpiracetam is on the lists of stimulants banned for in-competition use by the World Anti-Doping Agency. This list is applicable in all Olympic sports.

Related pages
List of chemicals in doping cases in sport

References

Doping in sport
Chemical compounds
Languages of the Philippines

The Phiilippines are a group of islands between Malaysia and Taiwan. Many different groups of people live on the Philippines. Between 120 and 187 languages are spoken on the Phiilippines. For over three centuries, the Philippines were a colony of Spain. Amongst others, the Spanish introduced free public schools, which taught in Spanish. For a long time, the United States controlled the Philippines, so English is also commonly understood. In 1935, both English and Spanish were national langues. In the 1970s, when the Phliipppines had become independent, Spanish was dropped as an official language, and standardized version of Tagalog, called Filiipino was added. The 1987 constitution designates Filipino, a standardized version of Tagalog, as the national language and an official language along with English. Fililipino serves as a lingua franca. It allows people from different language families to communicate. On October 30, 2018, President Rodrigo Duterte signed into law Republic Act 11106, which declares Filipino Sign Language or FSL to be the country's official sign language and as the Philippine government's official language in communicating with the Filipino Deaf.

Filpino is used in everyday life, and when people from different language groups want to communicate. The government operates mostly using English. Including second-language speakers, there are more speakers of Filipino than English in the Philippines. The other regional languages are given official auxiliary status in their respective places according to the constitution but particular languages are not specified. Some of these regional languages are also used in education.

The indigenous scripts of the Philippines (such as the Kulitan, Tagbanwa and others) are used very little; instead, Philippine languages are today written in the Latin script. Before they became independen in 1946, the Philippines had been a Spanish and a United States colony. Baybayin, though generally not understood, is one of the most well-known of the Philippine indigenous scripts and is used mainly in artistic applications such as on the Philippine banknotes, where the word "Pilipino" is inscribed using the writing system. Additionally, the Arabic script is used in the Muslim areas in the southern Philippines.

References

Languages of the Philippines
Großweil

Großweil is a municipality in the district of Garmisch-Partenkirchen in Upper Bavaria in Germany.

References

Other websites 

 Official website 

Garmisch-Partenkirchen (district)
Oberau

Oberau is a municipality in the district of Garmisch-Partenkirchen in Upper Bavaria in Germany.

References

Other websites 

 Official website 

Garmisch-Partenkirchen (district)
Riegsee

Riegsee is a municipality in the district of Garmisch-Partenkirchen in Upper Bavaria in Germany.

References

Other websites 

 Official website 

Garmisch-Partenkirchen (district)
Saulgrub

Saulgrub is a municipality in the district of Garmisch-Partenkirchen in Upper Bavaria in Germany.

References

Other websites 

 Official website 

Garmisch-Partenkirchen (district)
Villingen-Schwenningen

Villingen-Schwenningen (; Low Alemannic: Villinge-Schwenninge) is a town in Schwarzwald-Baar, a district (Landkreis) in Freiburg. It has 85,838 inhabitants (as of September 2019). It is also the capital of Schwarzwald-Baar.

Geography
Villingen-Schwenningen lies on the eastern edge of the Black Forest about  above sea level.

Boroughs
 Villingen
 Schwenningen
 Obereschach
 Weilersbach
 Weigheim
 Mühlhausen
 Marbach
 Rietheim
 Pfaffenweiler
 Herzogenweiler
 Tannheim

Mayors and Lord mayors

Villingen
 1912–1930: Guido Lehmann
 1931–1933: Adolf Gremmelspacher
 1933: Gutmann, temporary
 1933–1937: Hermann Schneider
 1937–1940: Karl Berckmüller
 1940–1945: Hermann Riedel
 1945–1946: Walter Bräunlich
 1946: Edwin Hartmann
 1946–1950: Edwin Nägele
 1950–1972: Severin Kern

Schwenningen
 1797–1816: Erhard Bürk
 1816–1819: (Vogt)
 1819–1821: Thomas Wegler
 1821–1825: ?
 1825–1835: Matthias Rapp
 1835–1841: Johann Georg Koch
 1841–1852: Andreas Bürk
 1852–1857: Christian Strohm
 1857–1887: Erhard Müller
 1887–1912: David Würth
 1912–1925: Emil Braunagel
 1925–1930: Ingo Lang von Langen
 1930–1948: Otto Gönnenwein
 1949–1962: Hans Kohler
 1962–1972: Gerhard Gebauer

Villingen-Schwenningen
 1972–1994: Gerhard Gebauer (SPD)
 1994–2002: Manfred Matusza (CDU)
 2002–2019: Rupert Kubon (SPD)
 since 2019: Jürgen Roth (CDU)

Population

Number of inhabitants

Source: State Statistical Office of Baden-Württemberg

Largest communities of foreigners

Main sights
 Town wall
 Municipal Art Gallery
 Franciscan Monastery Museum
 Schwenningen Clock Museum
 Minster of Our Lady
 Theater am Ring
 Wanne Observation Tower, one of the oldest towers built of iron
 Internationales Luftfahrt-Museum, aviation museum

Twin towns – sister cities
Villingen-Schwenningen is twinned with:

 Pontarlier, France
 La Valette-du-Var, France
 Tula, Russia
 Savona, Italy
 Zittau, Germany
 Friedrichsthal, Germany

Notable people
Robert Prosinečki (born 1969), Croatian footballer and coach
Dennis Seidenberg (born 1981), ice hockey player

References

Other websites

Villingen-Schwenningen: history & pictures  
The siege of Villingen in 1702

Towns in Baden-Württemberg
Guido Cantelli

Guido Cantelli (27 April 1920 – 24 November 1956) was an Italian conductor. Most people thought he was one of the  greatest conductors when he was alive. Arturo Toscanini liked him very much, and thought that he was his successor. When he was still young, he had already conducted some of the greatest orchestras of the world, and in 1956 he became the director of La Scala in Milan. But a tragedy happened, and the young Cantelli died in an airplane crash just a week later.

Biography
Cantelli was born in Novara in Italy. When he was a student, he studied with important Italian masters of music. In 1940 he started his conducting career, and in in 1943 he graduated from the Milan Conservatory. Toscanini saw him conducting at La Scala in Milan, and was very impressed by his performance. In 1945, Cantelli was performing in the most famous concert halls of the world, conducting the greatest orchestras.

The fame of Cantelli grew, and he was considered among the greatest conductors. At the same time he continued his studies, because he wanted to perfect his technique. In 1956 he became the director of La Scala, and was being considered the next music director of the New York Philharmonic.

But a tragedy happened, and only a week after he was named director of La Scala, he died in an airplane crash in Paris, France.

Cantelli left a wife and a 5-month-old child. Toscanini, who was in poor health (and died just some months later) was not informed of the death of his pupil.

Referencess

1920 births
1956 deaths
Italian conductors
People from Novara
Soues, Somme

Soues is a commune. It is in Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in north France.

References 

Communes in Somme
Manderlay

Manderlay is a 2005 Danish Swedish Dutch French German British Italian American drama movie directed by Lars von Trier and starring Bryce Dallas Howard, Grace Margaret Mulligan, Isaac de Bankolé, Willem Dafoe, Danny Glover, Michaël Abiteboul, Lauren Bacall, Jean-Marc Barr, Chloë Sevigny, Udo Kier, Virgile Bramly, Ruben Brinkmann, Doña Croll.

Other websites 
 
 

2005 drama movies
Danish movies
Swedish drama movies
Dutch drama movies
French drama movies
German drama movies
British drama movies
Italian drama movies
American drama movies
Movies directed by Lars von Trier
Sourdon

Sourdon is a commune. It is in Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in north France.

References 

Communes in Somme
Soyécourt

Soyécourt is a commune. It is in Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in north France.

References 

Communes in Somme
Surcamps

Surcamps is a commune. It is in Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in north France.

References 

Communes in Somme
Suzanne, Somme

Suzanne is a commune. It is in Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in north France.

References 

Communes in Somme
Pontboset

Pontboset is a comune in the Aosta Valley region in Italy.

References 

Settlements in Valle d'Aosta
Tailly, Somme

Tailly is a commune. It is in Hauts-de-France in the Somme department in north France.

References 

Communes in Somme
Schwaigen

Schwaigen is a municipality in the district of Garmisch-Partenkirchen in Upper Bavaria in Germany.

Districts 
Schwaigen has six districts:

 Apfelbichel
 Fuchsloch
 Grafenaschau
 Hinterbraunau
 Plaicken
 Vorderbraunau

References

Other websites 

 Official website 

Garmisch-Partenkirchen (district)
Gunther's Brazilian tree frog

Gunther's Brazilian tree frog (Boana guentheri) is a frog that lives in Brazil.

References

Frogs
Animals of South America
Christmas Kisses (EP)

Christmas Kisses is the debut Christmas and extended play (EP) by American singer Ariana Grande. It was released on December 13, 2013 in most countries, and on December 17, 2013 in the United States, as a collection of two covers of classic Christmas songs, and two original songs.

Singles

Last Christmas

Love Is Everything

Snow in California

Santa Baby

Track listing

Personnel and credits

Credits adapted from Discogs (standard edition).

 Ariana Grande: vocals
 Liz Gillies: vocals
 India Benet: background vocals
 Kenneth "Babyface" Edmonds: producer, composer, lyricist, guitar
 Antonio Dixon: producer, composer, lyricist, programming
 The Rascals: producers, programming
 Khristopher Riddick-Tynes: composer, lyricist
 Leon Thomas III: composer, lyricist
 George Michael: composer, lyricist
 Joan Javits: composer, lyricist

 Philip Springer: composer, lyricist
 Tony Springer: composer, lyricist
 Ivy Skoff: strings
 Demonte Posey: strings
 Paul Boutin: recording, mixing
 Tony Maserati: mixing
 James Krausse: engineer
 Jon Castelli: engineer
 Justin Hergett: engineer

Charts

Release history

References

2013 albums
Ariana Grande albums
Christmas albums
R&B albums
Seehausen am Staffelsee

Seehausen am Staffelsee is a municipality in the district of Garmisch-Partenkirchen in Upper Bavaria in Germany. It is on the eastern shore of the Staffelsee lake.

References

Other websites 

 Official website 

Garmisch-Partenkirchen (district)
Adelshofen, Middle Franconia

Adelshofen is a municipality in Ansbach, a district (Landkreis) in Middle Franconia.

References 

Ansbach (district)
Saysomphone Phomvihane

Saysomphone Phomvihane (; born 12 December 1954 in Houaphanh Province) is a Laotian politician and member of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party (LPRP). In 2021, he became the President of the National Assembly.

References

Living people
1954 births
Presidents of the National Assembly (Laos)
Bounthong Chitmany

Bounthong Chitmany (; born 3 July 1949) is a Laotian politician and member of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party (LPRP). He was born in 1951 and is a former Governor of Oudomxay Province. In 2021, he became the Vice President of Laos.

Notes

Living people
1949 births
Vice Presidents of Laos
Onsen

An onsen (温泉) is a bathing place near a hot spring.  Onsen are in Japan. Going to an onsen costs about ¥1000 (US$9), which is about twice as much as going to a sentō bathhouse.

Water

To count as a real onsen, the water must be at least 25° and have the right amounts of minerals, or dissolved rocks, in it.  For example, the water must have iron, calcium and sulfur.  Some onsen smell like rotten eggs because of hydrogen sulfide.

Hotels

Many onsen have a hotel nearby.  This kind of hotel is called a ryokan.  Not all ryokan have onsen.  Some ryokan are 1200 years old.

History

There have been onsen in Japan for all of history.  People have been using the Dogo Onsen on Shikoku for as long as 3000 years.

Manners

Bathers at an onsen are there to relax, not to get clean.  To keep the water from getting dirty, people at an onsen must shower before getting into the water. In very cold weather, it is sometimes all right to get into the onsen just for a short while to warm up, then go shower, then come back. Some onsen allow bathing suits, but most of the time, visitors must wear no clothes at all.  This is to keep any clothes that might be dirty out of the water, and keep the water clean.  When walking to the onsen, people cover their private parts with a small towel and then put the towel on their heads after they get into the water.  People are not supposed to put their heads or hair in the water, and they are not supposed to have tattoos.  This is because, in Japan, people think of the Yakuza criminals when they see tattoos.

Related pages
Sentō
Sauna
 Jjimjilbang
Banya

References 

Japanese culture
Hygiene
Bouasone Bouphavanh

Bouasone Bouphavanh (Lao: ບົວສອນ ບູບຜາວັນ; born 3 June 1954) is a Laotian politician who was Prime Minister of Laos from 2006 to 2010. He was officially appointed to the office by the National Assembly of Laos on 8 June 2006.

References

1954 births
Living people
Prime Ministers of Laos
Assassination of Jovenel Moïse

Jovenel Moïse, the president of Haiti, was assassinated by a group of unknown armed men. It happened in Port-au-Prince at his private home on 7 July 2021 at 1 am EDT. Moïse's wife, First Lady Martine Moïse, was wounded and was hospitalized after the attack.

Interim Prime Minister Claude Joseph has said that he is in control of the country.

Attack
Moïse was killed in the early hours of 7 July 2021, when unknown gunmen attacked his residence in Pèlerin 5, a district of Pétion-Ville, a suburb of Port-au-Prince. Martine Moïse, the First Lady of Haiti, was hospitalized from wounds sustained during the attack.

Neighbors of Moïse say they heard heavy machine gun fire shortly after the attack. Video taken by residents living near the site of the attack has the voice of one man with an American accent, speaking in English, who claimed over a megaphone during the attack to be a member of the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration.

Suspects
Those who orchestrated the assassination and their motives are unknown. The gunmen accused of being those who killed Moïse were identified as 28 foreigners, of whom 26 were Colombians and two Haitain-Americans.

References

2021 in North America
2020s crimes in North America
21st century in Haiti
Assassinations
July 2021 events
Murder in 2021
Port-au-Prince
Martine Moïse

Martine Marie Étienne Moïse (born 5 June 1974) is the former First Lady of Haiti and was the wife of President Jovenel Moïse. She was the country's first lady from February 2017 until the assassination of her husband on July 7, 2021. 

Martine Moïse was wounded in the same attack at their home in Pétion-Ville on 7 July 2021.

References

1974 births
Living people
First Ladies
Haitian people
Mary Simon

Mary Jeannie May Simon  (; born August 21, 1947) is a Canadian former broadcaster, civil servant and diplomat. She is the governor general of Canada since 2021.

Simon was born in Kangiqsualujjuaq, Quebec and briefly worked as a producer and announcer for CBC North in the 1970s. 

Simon served as Canada's first ambassador for Circumpolar Affairs from 1994 to 2004, and was a lead negotiator for the creation of the Arctic Council. She then was the Canadian ambassador to Denmark from 1999 to 2002. 

On July 6, 2021, the federal government announced that Simon was selected to replace Julie Payette as the 30th governor general of Canada. She became governor-general on July 26, 2021.

References

1947 births
Living people
Ambassadors of Canada
Governors General of Canada
Politicians from Quebec
Kaduna

Kaduna is the state capital of Kaduna State in north-western Nigeria, on the Kaduna River.

References

Cities in Nigeria
2021 Western North America heat wave

An extreme heat wave has affected much of Western North America in late June and early July of 2021. The heat has affected Northern California, Idaho, Western Nevada, Oregon, and Washington in the United States, as well as British Columbia, and, later, Alberta, Manitoba, the Northwest Territories, Saskatchewan, and Yukon, all in Canada. 

It resulted in some of the highest temperatures ever recorded in the region, including the highest temperature ever measured in Canada at 49.6 °C (121.3 °F), as well as the highest temperatures in British Columbia, in the Northwest Territories, and Washington.

The heat wave has caused many huge wildfires, some reaching hundreds of square kilometers in area, which have led to widespread disruption on the roads. One of them largely destroyed Lytton in British Columbia, the village where the record-high temperature for Canada had been set. The heat also caused damage to the road and railway infrastructure, forced closures of businesses, disrupted cultural events and caused widespread melting of snow on the mountains, some of which resulted in flooding.

The exact death toll is unknown, and growing. On July 6, 2021, preliminary statistics released by the British Columbia Coroner Service suggested 579 more sudden deaths than usual happened there. Deaths in the United States include at least 107.

References

July 2021 events
2021 Philippine Air Force C-130 crash

On July 4, 2021, a Lockheed C-130 Hercules aircraft of the Philippine Air Force (PAF) crashed after an attempted landing at Jolo Airport in Sulu, Philippines. With 53 deaths, of which 50 people were on the aircraft and 3 on the ground, the incident is the deadliest aviation accident in Philippine military history.

The C-130 military plane was transporting troops from Cagayan de Oro, in Mindanao, to Sulu province when it missed the runway on the island of Jolo. The plane had attempted to land at Jolo airport, but overshot the runway without touching down. It failed to regain enough power and height and crashed at nearby Patikul village at 11:30 a.m. local time.

The Lockheed Martin C-130 aircraft had recently arrived in the Philippines. It was one of two aircraft granted by the US government's military financing program. The plane was considered to be in good condition. It had 11,000 flying hours left before it was due for maintenance.

References

2021 disasters in Asia
2021 Air Force C-130 crash
Aviation disasters in the 2020s

July 2021 events
Contempt of court

Contempt of court, often known as "contempt", is the offense of being disobedient to or disrespectful toward a court of law and its officers.

References

Law
Prime Minister of Dominica

The prime minister of Dominica is the head of government in the Commonwealth of Dominica. The position was created on November 3, 1978, when Dominica gained independence from the United Kingdom.

Roosevelt Skerrit is the incumbent prime minister. He took the oath on 8 August 2004.

List

Prime ministers of Dominica (1978–present)
Status

References
List of presidents of Dominica

The president of Dominica is the head of state which was created by the Constitution of 1978, the year of Dominica's independence.

List

Status

Notes

References
Patrick John

Patrick Roland John (7 January 1938 – 6 July 2021) was the first Prime Minister of Dominica as well as its last Premier. He led Dominica to independence from the United Kingdom.

John died at a hospital in Roseau, Dominica on 6 July 2021 at the age of 83.

References

1938 births
2021 deaths
Prime Ministers of Dominica
The Remix (Ariana Grande album)

The Remix is the debut remix album by American singer Ariana Grande. It features fifteen remixes of her singles from her first two studio albums: Yours Truly (2013) and My Everything (2014). It was released exclusively in Japan on May 25, 2015 and peaked at number 32 on the Oricon Albums Chart.

Track listing

Charts

Release history

References

2015 albums
Remix albums
Ariana Grande albums
Pop albums
Dance albums
R&B albums
The Best (Ariana Grande album)

The Best is a greatest hits album by American singer Ariana Grande that released only in Japan. It features songs from her first three studio albums: Yours Truly (2013), My Everything (2014) and Dangerous Woman (2016), as well as her duet with John Legend, "Beauty and the Beast" for the Beauty and the Beast: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack (2017) and "Faith" with Stevie Wonder for the Sing: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack (2016). It was released, digitally and physically, exclusively only in Japan on September 27, 2017, by Universal Music Japan.

Track listing

Personnel

Vocals

 Ariana Grande – vocals 
 Iggy Azalea – vocals 
 Jessie J – vocals 
 Nicki Minaj – vocals 
 Mac Miller – vocals 
 The Weeknd – vocals 
 Future – vocals 
 Big Sean – vocals 
 Stevie Wonder – vocals 
 John Legend – vocals

Production

 Max Martin – production , vocal production 
 Zedd – production 
 Ilya – production , vocal production , co-production 
 Peter Carlsson – vocal production 
 Shellback – production 
 Antonio Dixon – production 
 Kenneth "Babyface" Edmonds – production 
 Kuk Harrell – vocal production 
 Rickard Göransson – production 
 Carl Falk – production 
 Giorgio Tuinfort – co-production 
 Rami – production 
 Savan Kotecha – vocal production 
 Ariana Grande – vocal production 
 Harmony – production 
 Sauce – vocal production 
 Tommy Brown – production 
 Twice as Nice – production 
 Ali Payami – production 
 Peter Svensson – production 
 Jo Blaq – vocal production 
 Mikey – additional production 
 Mo-Keyz – additional production 
 Johan Carlsson – production , vocal production 
 Key Wane – production 
 Benny Blanco – production 
 Harvey Mason Jr. – vocal production 
 Ryan Tedder – production 
 Ron Fair – production

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

Release history

References

2017 albums
Greatest hits albums
Ariana Grande albums
Pop albums
R&B albums
Vladimir Menshov

Vladimir Valentinovich Menshov (; 17 September 1939 – 5 July 2021) was a Soviet and Russian actor and film director. He was known for directing the 1979 melodrama Moscow Does Not Believe in Tears, which won the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film.

References

1939 births
2021 deaths
Russian movie actors
Russian stage actors
Russian movie directors
Russian movie producers
Russian screenwriters
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia
Raffaella Carrà

Raffaella Maria Roberta Pelloni (18 June 1943 – 5 July 2021), better known as Raffaella Carrà (), was an Italian singer, dancer, television presenter and actress. She was known for her 1976 album Forte forte forte. Her best known song was "A far l'amore comincia tu". Carrà starred in Caesar the Conqueror and Von Ryan's Express.

Carrà died on 5 July 2021 in Rome of lung cancer, aged 78.

References

1943 births
2021 deaths
Italian singers
Italian television presenters
Italian movie actors
Italian television actors
Italian models
Italian writers
Dancers
People from Bologna
Deaths from lung cancer
Affair in Trinidad

Affair in Trinidad is a 1952 American crime drama movie directed by Vincent Sherman and starring Rita Hayworth, Glenn Ford, Alexander Scourby, Valerie Bettis, Torin Thatcher, Howard Wendell, Steven Geray, Juanita Moore, Ralph Moody. It was distributed by Columbia Pictures.

Other websites
 
 
 

1952 drama movies
1950s crime movies
American crime drama movies
Movies directed by Vincent Sherman
Columbia Pictures movies
Richard Lewontin

Richard Charles Lewontin (March 29, 1929 – July 4, 2021) was an American evolutionary biologist, mathematician, geneticist, and social commentator. 

From 1973 to 1998, he held an endowed chair in zoology and biology at Harvard University, and from 2003 until his death in 2021 had been a research professor there.

Lewontin died on July 4, 2021 in Brattleboro, Vermont, at the age of 92.

References

1929 births
2021 deaths
American academics
American biologists
American mathematicians
American geneticists
Writers from New York City
Scientists from New York City
Educators from New York City
Rick Laird

Richard Quentin Laird (5 February 1941 – 4 July 2021) was an Irish musician, photographer, teacher, and author. He was best known as the bassist and founding member of the jazz fusion band Mahavishnu Orchestra. He performed for them from 1971 to 1973.

In early 2021, Laird's daughter announced that he had entered hospice care. Laird died on 4 July, at the age of 80.

References

Other websites
 

1941 births
2021 deaths
Irish writers
Teachers
Musicians from Dublin
Luminița Gheorghiu

Luminița Gheorghiu (; 1 September 1949 – 4 July 2021) was a Romanian actress. She was known for her roles in The Death of Mr. Lazarescu (2006) and Child's Pose (2013). 

Gheorghiu died on July 4, 2021, at the age of 71.

References

Other websites

1949 births
2021 deaths
Romanian movie actors
Romanian stage actors
Romanian television actors
Actors from Bucharest
Maidarjavyn Ganzorig

Maidarjavyn Ganzorig (; 5 February 1949 – 4 July 2021) was a Mongolian cosmonaut and academic.

In 1978, he participated in the Soviet Intercosmos program and trained for the Soyuz 39 mission.

References

1949 births
2021 deaths
Cosmonauts
Mongolian people
Structural analog

A structural analog, or analog, is a compound that has a structure similar to that of another compound, but  one of the components is different.

That which is different (between two analogs), can be that one or more atoms, functional groups, or substructures, are replaced with other atoms, groups, or substructures. 

Structural analogs are often isoelectronic (or often have the same structure (positions and connectivities among atoms) and the same electron configurations, but are different by what specific elements are at certain locations in the structure.)

References

Chemical nomenclature
Nikolai Slichenko

Nikolai Alekseyevich Slichenko (; 27 December 1934 — 2 July 2021) was a Soviet and Russian singer and actor. He was the chief director of the Romen Theatre in Moscow. He was the only Romani person to be honored with the People's Artist of the USSR (1981).

In May 2021, Slichenko was hospitalized in Moscow for respiratory failure. He died on 2 July 2021 in Moscow, aged 86.

References

1934 births
2021 deaths
Russian movie actors
Russian stage actors
Russian television actors
Russian singers
Russian theatre directors
Deaths from respiratory failure
Roma people
Thieves and Liars

Thieves and Liars () is a 2006 Puerto Rican drama movie directed by Ricardo Méndez Matta and starring Steven Bauer, Elpidia Carrillo, Daniel Lugo, Lymari Nadal, Alba Raquel Barros.

Other websites

2006 drama movies
Puerto Rican movies
Yury Dokhoian

Yury  Rafaelovich Dokhoian (; 26 October 1964 – 1 July 2021) was a Russian Grandmaster of chess (1988).

On 1 July 2021, Dokhoian died in Moscow from COVID-19 at the age of 56.

References

Other websites
Grandmaster Games Database - Yury Dokhoian
Yury Dokhoian - Articles - New In Chess 
Chessmetrics Player Profile: Yury Dokhoian

1964 births
2021 deaths
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia
Russian chess players
Josh Culbreath

Joshua Culbreath (September 14, 1932 – July 1, 2021) was an American athlete. He competed mainly in the 400 meter hurdles—the national outdoor champion from 1953 to 1955. He won a bronze medal at the 1956 Summer Olympics. Culbreath was born in Norristown, Pennsylvania.

He made two guest appearances on The Cosby Show, playing the character Colonel Sanford B. "Tailwind" Turner.

Culbreath died on July 1, 2021 in Cincinnati, Ohio at the age of 88.

References

1932 births
2021 deaths
African-American track and field athletes
American Olympic bronze medalists
American television actors
Sportspeople from Pennsylvania
Actors from Pennsylvania
Louis Andriessen

Louis Andriessen (; 6 June 1939 – 1 July 2021) was a Dutch composer, pianist and academic teacher. His music was neoclassicism and serialism.

Andriessen taught at the Royal Conservatory of The Hague from 1974 to 2012, influencing notable composers. His opera La Commedia, based on Dante's Divine Comedy, won the 2011 Grawemeyer Award for Music Composition.

In December 2020, Andriessen was diagnosed with dementia. He died on 1 July 2021 in Weesp at age 82.

References

1939 births
2021 deaths
Deaths from dementia
Dutch academics
21st-century Dutch composers
20th-century Dutch composers
Dutch pianists
People from Utrecht (city)
Philece Sampler

Debra Philece Sampler (July 16, 1953 – July 1, 2021) was an American actress. She had television roles on Days of Our Lives as Renee DiMera, and the soap opera Another World as Donna Love Hudson. She also voiced the older version of Toph Beifong in The Legend of Korra. 

She also voiced Mimi Tachikawa and Cody Hida from Digimon: Digital Monsters, Tiptory in Eureka Seven, and Hiyori Tamura from Lucky Star.

Sampler died at the age of 67 on July 1, 2021 from a heart attack in Los Angeles.

References

1953 births
2021 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
American television actors
American voice actors
American video game actors
American movie actors
Actors from Texas
Jeannette Altwegg

Jeannette Wirz CBE (née Altwegg; 8 September 1930 – 18 June 2021) was a British figure skater. She competed in ladies' singles. She was the 1952 Olympic champion, the 1948 Olympic bronze medalist, the 1951 World champion, and a double (1951 & 1952) European champion.

References

1930 births
2021 deaths
Indian Olympic bronze medalists
British Olympic bronze medalists
British Olympic gold medalists
Figure skaters
People from Bombay
Steven Horwitz

Steven G. Horwitz (February 7, 1964 – June 27, 2021) was an American economist of the Austrian School. Horwitz was the Distinguished Professor of Free Enterprise in the Department of Economics in the Miller College of Business at Ball State University. 

In 2017, he retired as the Dana Professor of Economics Emeritus at St. Lawrence University.

References

Other websites
 Official website
 Economics videos 

1964 births
2021 deaths
Deaths from multiple myeloma
American economists
American academics
Scientists from Detroit, Michigan
Writers from Detroit, Michigan
Educators from Detroit, Michigan
Burton Greene

Burton Greene (June 14, 1937 – June 28, 2021) was an American free jazz pianist. He was born in Chicago, Illinois. He was most known for his work in New York City. His music had multiple genres, including avant-garde jazz and the Klezmer medium.

References

1937 births
2021 deaths
American jazz musicians
American pianists
Musicians from Chicago
Janet Moreau

Janet Teresa Moreau Stone (October 26, 1927 – June 30, 2021) was an American track and field athlete. She competed mainly in the 100 meters. She competed for the United States in the 1952 Summer Olympics held in Helsinki, Finland in the 4 x 100 meters where she won the gold medal.

Stone died in Barrington, Rhode Island on June 30, 2021, at age 93.

References

1927 births
2021 deaths
American track and field athletes
American Olympic gold medalists
Sportspeople from Rhode Island
People from Pawtucket, Rhode Island
John Lawton (musician)

John Cooper Lawton (11 July 1946 – 29 June 2021) was a British rock and blues vocalist. He was best known for his work with Lucifer's Friend, Uriah Heep and the Les Humphries Singers.

Lawton died unexpectedly in Bulgaria on 29 June 2021, at the age of 74.

References

1946 births
2021 deaths
British rock singers
British singer-songwriters
British television presenters
British movie actors
British television actors