cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Marthasville, Missouri

Marthasville is a city in Warren County, Missouri, United States. The population was 1,136 at the 2010 census. The Katy Trail, a 225-mile long bike path, passes through Marthasville. Because of the many wineries from here east to Defiance, Marthasville is considered to mark one end of the "Missouri Rhineland".

History
 
Daniel Boone and his family came to the area later known as Marthasville in 1799. At the time there was only a French trading post there called LaCharette. Flanders Callaway and his wife Jemima Boone (Daniel and Rebecca's daughter), built a house just outside the present city limits. In 1804 the Lewis and Clark Expedition camped here near LaCharette. On their return 20 September 1806 they were greeted by the area residents, the first civilization they had seen since leaving. Rebecca Boone died in 1813 at Jemima’s home and was the first burial in the family cemetery of the Bryans and Boones (now Marthasville cemetery).

In 1817 the city of Marthasville was established by Dr. John Young of Kentucky. He named it after his wife Martha. A year later Montgomery County was formed with Marthasville being the only town. In 1833 the area became Warren County.

The original graves of Daniel Boone and his wife Rebecca were located there. In 1845, Boone's remains and those of his wife Rebecca were dug up and taken to Kentucky for reburial. Resentment in Missouri about the removal of the bodies grew over the years. A legend was that Boone's remains never left Missouri. A modern forensic anthropologist believes the body removed from Missouri was probably a black slave and not Daniel Boone.

In 1850, during the California Gold Rush, a number of people left Marthasville to find gold. The group was led by one of Daniel Boone's grandsons, M. Jackson Lamme. Others in the group were also descendants of Boone. They settled in California and have many descendants there today.

In 1892, The Missouri, Kansas and Eastern Railroad ran through Marthasville. It was taken over by the Missouri, Kansas and Texas Railroad (MKT) in July of 1893.

Winemaking 

During the 1800s the area was settled by winemakers and workers from Germany. This part of the Missouri River Valley has become known as the Missouri Rhineland. The wines from this part of Missouri soon gained a worldwide reputation. At the 1851 Vienna World Exposition, Missouri wines took 8 of the 12 gold medals. French winemakers took notice and started importing the Norton/Cynthiana vines into France. But they were infected with a louse called Phylloxera. The louse had no effect on the Missouri rootstock, but in France it destroyed almost all of France's grapes. Two Missourians found a cure for the blight and the French vines were saved.

References

Other websites 
 Daniel Boone monument at Marthasville, Missouri
 City of Marthasville, Missouri 
 Lost Creek Vineyard, Marthasville, Missouri
 The Missuri Rhineland – Part 1

1817 establishments in the United States
Cities in Missouri
Wine regions
1810s establishments in Missouri Territory
Pointer (computer programming)

In computer science, a pointer is a variable whose value is a location in the computer's memory. If Rick stands in a room and points to his friend Sally, then Rick is a pointer whose value is Sally's location.  A programmer must dereference the pointer to retrieve the object it points to.  Pointers do not take up much memory (RAM).  Copying a pointer to a large object is faster than copying the large object itself because only the location needs to be copied, instead of the whole object.

Uses of Pointers 

Pointers are used in linked lists.  Each record of a linked list has a pointer to the next record.  These pointers chain the records together.  This means that the records in a linked list can be sorted and arranged by changing their pointers.

References 

Computer programming
Nicholas Romanov, Prince of Russia

Nicholas Romanovich Romanov, Prince of Russia (; 26 September 1922 – 15 September 2014) was a claimant to the headship of the House of Romanov and President of the Romanov Family Association. 

Although he is related to the Tsar Nicholas I of Russia, his claimed titles and official membership in the former Imperial House are disputed by those who maintain that his parents' marriage violated the laws of Imperial Russia.

Ancestry

<center>

References

Other websites
Romanov Family Association
Lunch with the FT: Nicholas Romanov 

1922 births
2014 deaths
Civil servants
People from Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur
House of Romanov
Angus Lennie

Angus Lennie (18 April 1930 – 14 September 2014) was a Scottish actor. He was best known for his movie appearance as Steve McQueen's friend Archibald Ives in the 1963 movie The Great Escape. He was also known for being in the television soap opera Crossroads.

Lennie died in London, England, aged 84

References

Other websites
 

1930 births
2014 deaths
Actors from Glasgow
Scottish movie actors
Scottish television actors
Moira Kelly

Moira Kelly (born March 6, 1968) is an American actress. She was born in Queens, New York. She is best known for portraying Kate Moseley in the 1992 movie The Cutting Edge. She was also the single mother Karen Roe on the teen drama One Tree Hill. She played the role of Donna Hayward in Twin Peaks: Fire Walk with Me. She  replaced Lara Flynn Boyle from the 1990 television series Twin Peaks. Other roles include Dorothy Day in Entertaining Angels: The Dorothy Day Story, White House media consultant Mandy Hampton in the first season of The West Wing and the voice of Simba's love interest Nala in The Lion King and The Lion King II: Simba's Pride. She also played Hetty Kelly and Oona O'Neill in Chaplin.

Filmography

Other websites 
 

1968 births
Living people
Singers from New York City
American voice actors
comedians from New York City
American movie actors
American television actors
American video game actors
Actors from Queens
Archie Roach

Archie Roach (Archibald William Roach), was born in 1956 at Mooroopna, Victoria, Australia. He is an aboriginal-Australian singer and songwriter.  His songs are popular in the Australian Aboriginal community.

Early Life 
At the age of three or four, Roach was taken from his family by the Australian government. His two sisters were also taken away. After spending time in an orphanage, he was raised in Melbourne, Australia, by a white family, who had moved to Melbourne from Scotland.  

As a teenager, Roach ran away from home to look for his biological parents.  After running away, while homeless and abusing alcohol, Roach met his wife, musician Ruby Hunter. During the late 1980s, Roach and Hunter created a band named “Altogether” with other Aboriginal musicians.

In mid-2011, Roach was diagnosed with early lung cancer, and had one of his lungs removed.  While recovering, he released his hit album “Into the Bloodstream.”

Awards and achievements
His album Charcoal Lane won an ARIA Award as the Best Indigenous Album of the Year. He was given an ARIA Award as the Best New Talent. The Rolling Stone Magazine listed it in the Top 50 Albums of 1992. Looking for the Butter Boy won three ARIA Awards in 1998.

In 2013, Roach won a Deadly Award for Album of the Year.  He has also won two ARIA awards and a national Human Rights Award for his songs “Took the Child Away” and “Charcoal Lane.”   Many of his songs talk about his experiences and the difficulties he has faced as an Aboriginal Australian.

In 2015 Roach was made a member of the Order of Australia.

Discography
 Koorie (with Ruby Hunter) (1989)
 Charcoal Lane (1990)
 Jamu Dreaming (1993)
 Searching for the Butter Boy (1997)
 Sensual Being (2002)
 The Tracker (Movie soundtrack 2002)
 Journey (2007)
 Into the Bloodstream (2012)

References

Other websites
 http://www.murundakdocumentary.com/artists/archie-roach/ 
 http://www.archieroach.com.au/#!/page_More
 http://trove.nla.gov.au/people/594496
 http://www.theglobalmail.org/feature/stolen-lost-and-found/446/ 

Indigenous Australian musicians
Order of Australia
John Flynn

John Flynn OBE (25 November 1880 – 5 May 1951) was an Australian Presbyterian minister.  He began the Presbyterian Church of Australia.  He also started the Royal Flying Doctor Service of Australia, which brings medical care to people who live far away from doctors or hospitals.  Flynn's portrait is on one side of the Australian 20 dollar note.

Early life 

John Flynn was born in Moliagul in Victoria, Australia on November 25, 1880.  His parents were Thomas Eugene Flynn and Rosetta Forsyth.  Because his mother died while giving birth to him, John was raised by his mother’s sister in Sydney, Australia.   

When he was 16, Flynn decided that he wanted to become a Presbyterian minister and study theology (religion) at the University of Melbourne.  In 1911, he finished his training for the Presbyterian ministry and was officially ordained into the Presbyterian Church.  He went to live and work in the Australian Outback, where many people had little access to medical care because they lived so far from large cities, doctors, and hospitals.  In 1912, he created the Australian Inland Mission, which gave medical, spiritual, and other care to people in the Outback.

Career 

For many years, Flynn worked to get the support and money he needed to start an organization that would bring doctors and medical care by plane to people living in the Outback.  With the help of Alf Traeger, Flynn was able to create the Aerial Medical Service in 1928.  (Its name was later changed to the Flying Doctor Service, and then changed again to the Royal Flying Doctor Service of Australia).  In its first year, the Aerial Medical Service flew 50 flights to 26 different places, giving medical care to 225 people.  Over the next few years, Flynn worked to get the support the Aerial Medical Service needed to provide "flying doctors" to every part of Australia.  By 1939, every state in Australia had an Aerial Medical Service.  Now called the Royal Flying Doctor Service, the organization still exists today and has 21 bases throughout every part of the country.  It provides medical care to 290,000 people every year.

Awards 

Flynn became an officer of the Order of the British Empire on June 3, 1933.

References

Other websites 
http://www.wilmap.com.au/people/flynn.html
http://www.naa.gov.au/collection/fact-sheets/fs159.aspx 
http://www.flyingdoctor.org.au/About-Us/Our-History/ 
http://www.flyingdoctor.org.au/About-Us/Our-History/The-John-Flynn-Story/ 

1880 births
1951 deaths
Australian Christians
Christian ministers
Officers of the Order of the British Empire
People from Victoria (Australia)
Presbyterians
Sidney Myer

Sidney Myer created Myer’s, one of the biggest department stores in Australia. He emigrated from Russia at the age of 20 and started off as a small merchant and went on to be the owner of a large chain store.

Early life
Simcha (Sidney) Myer Baevski was born on the February 8, 1878, in the Jewish section of Kritchev, Russia.  He was the youngest of eleven children.  He attended a primary school for Jewish children.  While at school, he managed his mother’s shop and helped the shop be very successful. 

When Myer was 20, he and his older brother, Elcon, moved to Australia.  Myer arrived in Melbourne, Australia, as a Jewish refugee in August of 1899.  He did not know English, and had almost no money and no visa.  Soon after arriving, he changed his name to Sydney Myer in order to be more Australian.

Achievements
The Myer brothers moved to Bendigo, a city in Victoria, Australia.  There they started a small drapery business, where they sold fabrics of all different styles, colors, and sizes.  Because they disagreed about whether their store should be open on Sundays, the brothers decided to stop working together.  Sidney bought his brother's share of the business, and Elcon moved on to Melbourne.  

As Myer's business became more successful, he opened a larger store in Bendigo, and new stores in Melbourne and Adelaide.  Today, Myer's is one of Australia’s biggest department stores.  Myer's is known for having fashionable clothing made by many different designers.   

After he went to a performance at the Hollywood Bowl, a famous outdoor theater in California, Myer created the Sidney Myer Music Bowl.  In 1929, Myer began to arrange free outdoor concerts by the Melbourne Symphony Orchestra, held at the Music Bowl.  These free concerts are still held today, and are very popular.
  
Myer died on September 5, 1934.  After his death, Myer's family set up the Myer Foundation, which receives millions of dollars every year from the Myer family.  The Foundation supports programs that benefit Australia and help Australians in need.

Other websites
 http://www.racismnoway.com.au/teaching-resources/factsheets/38.html  
 http://www.myerfoundation.org.au/about-us/index.cfm?loadref=31  
http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/myer-simcha-sidney-7721
Marcus Oliphant

Sir Marcus Laurence Elwin "Mark" Oliphant,  (8 October 1901 – 14 July 2000), commonly known as Marcus Oliphant, was an Australian physicist and humanitarian. He helped to develop nuclear weapons. He was involved with the first experimental demonstration of nuclear fusion.

Biography 
Oliphant was born on October 8, 1901 in Kent Town, Adelaide, Australia. His father, Harold George “Baron” Oliphant, was a civil servant. His mother, Beatrice Edith Fanny Oliphant, was an artist. 

After graduating from Adelaide High School in 1918, he was unable to get money to pay for university. He got a job cleaning floors at a jewelry store. He was soon able to study at the University of Adelaide. He was interested in medicine, but Kerr Grant, the physics professor, offered him a place in the Physics Department. He received his Bachelor of Science degree in 1921.
Oliphant attempted to build a  cyclotron at the University of Birmingham. The completion of it was postponed by the World War II in Europe in 1939.

He was involved with the development of radar with John Randall and Harry Boot. They created a completely new design, the cavity magnetron, which made microwave radar possible.

His most important achievement was being involved with the development of the atomic bomb. He reported that it was possible, and achievable as early as 1943. He spread his research in the United States, which led to the development of the Manhattan Project, led by physicist J. Robert Oppenheimer.

Oliphant died on July 14, 2000 in Canberra, Australia.

Achievements 

Many places and things are named after Oliphant. There is the Oliphant building at the Australian National University, the Mark Oliphant Conservation Park, a South Australian high schools science competition, the Oliphant Wing of the Physics Building at the University of Adelaide, and a high school in Munno Para West, South Australia.

He is known for the co-discovery of deuterium, tritium, helium-3 and nuclear fusion and for the development of microwave radar.

Awards
He achieved many awards over the course of his life. 
1937 Elected Fellow of the Royal Society
1943 Awarded Hughes Medal by the Royal Society
1946 Awarded Silvanus Thomson Medal, Institute of Radiology
1948 Awarded Faraday Medal by the Institution of Engineers
1954 Elected (Foundation) Fellow of the Australian Academy of Science
1954 Elected (Foundation) President of the Australian Academy of Science 
1955 Invited to deliver the Bakerian Lecture by the Royal Society
1955 Invited to deliver the Rutherford Memorial Lecture by the Royal Society
1956 Received Galathea Medal from King Frederick IX of Denmark
1959 Created Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire
1977 Appointed Companion of the Order of Australia

1901 births
2000 deaths
Australian physicists
John H. Sununu

John Henry Sununu (born July 2, 1939) served as the 75th Governor of New Hampshire (1983–89) and later White House Chief of Staff under President George H. W. Bush.

He is the father of John E. Sununu, a former senator from New Hampshire and Chris Sununu, the Governor of New Hampshire. Sununu was the chairman of the New Hampshire Republican Party from 2009 to 2011.

References

1939 births
Living people
Governors of New Hampshire
White House Chiefs of Staff
US Republican Party politicians
People from Havana
Brian Schweitzer

Brian David Schweitzer (born September 4, 1955) is an American politician. He served as the 23rd Governor of Montana from January 5, 2005 to January 7, 2013. Schweitzer formerly served as chair of the Western Governors Association as well as the Democratic Governors Association. He also served as president of the Council of State Governments.

References

1955 births
Living people
Governors of Montana
People from Havre, Montana
US Democratic Party politicians
Roy Romer

Roy R. Romer (born October 31, 1928) is an American politician. He was the 39th Governor of Colorado. He also served as the superintendent of the Los Angeles Unified School District from 2001 to 2006. His son is Nobel Prize winner Paul Romer. He was born in Garden City, Kansas.

References

1928 births
Living people
Governors of Colorado
Politicians from Kansas
Politicians from California
US Democratic Party politicians
Richard Lamm

Richard Douglas "Dick" Lamm (August 3, 1935 – July 29, 2021) was an American politician, writer, Certified Public Accountant, college professor, and lawyer. He served three terms as 38th Governor of Colorado as a Democrat (1975–1987) and ran for the Reform Party's nomination for President of the United States in 1996.

He was the Co-Director of the Institute for Public Policy Studies at the University of Denver.

Lamm died on July 29, 2021 in Denver, Colorado from problems caused by a pulmonary embolism, one week before his 86th birthday.

References

1935 births
2021 deaths
Governors of Colorado
Lawyers from Wisconsin
Educators from Denver, Colorado
Writers from Denver, Colorado
Writers from Wisconsin
People from Madison, Wisconsin
US Democratic Party politicians
Deaths from pulmonary embolism
Lawyers from Denver
Politicians from Denver, Colorado
Walter Dale Miller

Walter Dale "Walt" Miller (October 5, 1925 – September 28, 2015) was an American politician with the Republican Party. He served as 29th Governor of South Dakota from 1993 to 1995. He assumed the duties of the governorship upon the death of George S. Mickelson.

References

1925 births
2015 deaths
Governors of South Dakota
Ranchers
US Republican Party politicians
Lieutenant Governors of South Dakota
Frank Farrar

Frank Leroy Farrar (April 2, 1929 – October 31, 2021) was an American politician. He was the 24th Governor of South Dakota. A Republican. He served as the state's attorney general from 1963 to 1969, and as governor from 1969 to 1971.

Farrar died on October 31, 2021 in Pierre, South Dakota at the age of 92.

References

Other websites
 
 National Governors Association: Frank Farrar 
 KDLT News: "Frank Farrar: A Man Made of Iron" 
 Ironman: "Meet Frank Farrar, Kona's Last Official Finisher in 2002"
 

1929 births
2021 deaths
American judges
Lawyers from South Dakota
Governors of South Dakota
US Republican Party politicians
Businesspeople from South Dakota
People from Pierre, South Dakota
Philip H. Hoff

Philip Henderson Hoff (June 29, 1924 – April 26, 2018) was an American politician. He is from the U.S. state of Vermont. He served as the 73rd Governor of Vermont from 1963 to 1969. At the time of his election, he was the first Democrat elected Governor of Vermont in 108 years.

Hoff was born in Turners Falls, Massachusetts. His father worked in the insurance industry and at the Massachusetts General Court. Philip was a star high school football player at Turners Falls High School. 

Hoff went to Williams College and  Connecticut College and graduated cum laude in 1948.  Hoff married Joan Brower in 1948.  He later attended Cornell Law School, graduating in 1951. The Hoffs moved to Burlington, Vermont in 1951.

Hoff died at a retirement center in Shelburne, Vermont on April 26, 2018 at the age of 93.

References

1924 births
2018 deaths
Governors of Vermont
Politicians from Massachusetts
US Democratic Party politicians
F. Ray Keyser Jr.

Frank Ray Keyser (August 17, 1927 – March 7, 2015) was an American lawyer and politician from Vermont.  He served as Speaker of the Vermont House of Representatives from 1959 to 1961, and 72nd Governor of Vermont from 1961 to 1963.

References

1927 births
2015 deaths
Governors of Vermont
US Republican Party politicians
Emerson, Lake and Powell (album)

Emerson, Lake & Powell is the debut and only studio album by Emerson, Lake & Powell. The album was released in 1986.

References 

1986 albums
2 of Amerikaz Most Wanted

"2 of Amerikaz Most Wanted" (sometimes called "Gangsta Party") is the second single from American rapper 2Pac's fifth studio album All Eyez on Me. The song was a duet sung by 2Pac and Snoop Dogg. It was released as a promotional single and was written by 2Pac, Snoop Dogg and Daz Dillinger.  

It is sometimes referred to as "Gangsta Party" because of the line ain't nuthin but a gangsta party in the chorus. The song was also featured on 2Pac's Greatest Hits in 1998 and a remix of the song was featured on the album Nu-Mixx Klazzics in 2003. 

On April 15, 2012, the song was played at the Coachella Festival with Snoop Dogg performing a duet with a virtual version of 2Pac.

References

Other websites
"2 of Amerikaz Most Wanted" on YouTube

1995 songs
Tupac Shakur songs
Kristin Cavallari

Kristin Cavallari (born January 5, 1987) is an American television and movie actress. She was in the television series Laguna Beach. She was also in the series The Hills.

Cavallari was born in Denver, Colorado. She was raised in Barrington, Illinois.

References

Actors from Denver, Colorado
Actors from Illinois
American movie actors
American television actors
1987 births
Living people
Lyndsy Fonseca

Lyndsy Fonseca (born January 7, 1987) is an American actress. She acts in both movies and television. She played Colleen Carlton in The Young and the Restless. She also played Alexandra in Nikita.

Fonseca was born in Oakland, California.

References

American television actors
American movie actors
Actors from Oakland, California
1987 births
Living people
San Juan, Metro Manila

San Juan is a city in Metro Manila, Philippines. It is the smallest city in the country in terms of land area.

Cities in the Philippines
Metro Manila
Mandaluyong

Mandaluyong, officially the City of Mandaluyong (), is a city in Metro Manila, Philippines. The city's nicknames are the Tiger City of the Philippines and the Shopping Capital of the Philippines.

References

Cities in the Philippines
Metro Manila
Pasay

Pasay, officially the City of Pasay (), is a city in  Metro Manila, Philippines. It was one of the original four cities of Metro Manila.

Cities in the Philippines
Metro Manila
Metro Manila

Metropolitan Manila (), commonly known as Metro Manila, is the National Capital Region (NCR) of the Philippines. It is the seat of government. It has more people than most regions and metropolitan areas of the country.

Cities
There are 16 cities in Metro Manila. They include Manila, Caloocan, Las Piñas, Makati, Malabon, Mandaluyong, Marikina, Muntinlupa, Navotas, Parañaque, Pasay, Pasig, Quezon City, San Juan, Taguig, and Valenzuela, as well as the municipality of Pateros.

Related articles
 List of roads in Metro Manila

References

 
Regions of the Philippines
Monoceros

Monoceros () is a constellation on the celestial equator. Its name is Greek for unicorn. It was described by 17th-century Dutch cartographer Petrus Plancius. Orion is to the west of Monceros. Gemini is to the north. Canis Major is to the south. Hydra is to the east. Other constellations next to Monoceros are Canis Minor, Lepus and Puppis.

Notable features

Stars
Monoceros is hard to see with the naked eye. Its brightest star, Alpha Monocerotis, has a visual magnitude of 3.93. It is brighter than Gamma Monocerotis at 3.98.

Monoceros does have some interesting features to look at with a small telescope. Beta Monocerotis is a triple star system. The three stars form a triangle which looks to be in one spot. William Herschel commented that it is "one of the most beautiful sights in the heavens".

Monoceros also has Plaskett's Star. It is a big binary system. Its whole mass is said to be that of almost 100 Suns put together.

References

Further reading

Other websites

 VISTA Reveals the Secret of the Unicorn — ESO Photo Release
 The Deep Photographic Guide to the Constellations: Monoceros
 The Constellations Web Page - Monoceros
 Star Tales – Monoceros
 Monoceros Constellation at Constellation Guide

Constellations
Petrus Plancius

Petrus Plancius (1552 – May 15, 1622) was a Flemish astronomer,  cartographer  and clergyman. He was born as Pieter Platevoet in Dranouter, now in Heuvelland, West Flanders. He studied theology in Germany and England. At the age of 24 he became a minister in the Dutch Reformed Church.

Cartography

In 1592 he published his best known world map named "Nova et exacta Terrarum Tabula geographica et hydrographica". He wrote journals and shipping maps. He made a new way for finding longitude. He was the first to use the Mercator projection for navigational maps.

He was one of the founders of the Dutch East India Company. He drew over 100 maps. 

Plancius knew Henry Hudson. Hudson was an explorer of the New World.

Plancius made the map, Exacta & accurata delinatio… regionibus China, Cauchinchina, Camboja, sive Champa, Syao, Malacca, Arracan & Pegu, that was in Jan Huygen van Linschoten’s popular book, Itinerario (1596).

Maps

References

Other websites
 Star Tales – the constellations of Petrus Plancius
 Minor planet 10648 Plancius

1552 births
1622 deaths
Belgian astronomers
Cartographers
Christian ministers
Christian theologians
Dutch astronomers
Dutch Calvinists
People from West Flanders
Edward R. Hauser

Edward R. Hauser (August 29, 1916 – Spetember 8, 2014) was an American animal scientist. He was professor and chairman of the Department of Meat and Animal Science at University of Wisconsin–Madison. Hauser was born in La Crosse, Wisconsin.

Hauser died from natural causes in Fitchburg, Wisconsin, aged 98.

References

1916 births
2014 deaths
Deaths from natural causes
Scientists from Wisconsin
Boris Khimichev

Boris Petrovich Khimichev (Борис Петрович Химичев; 12 January 1933 – 14 September 2014) was a Ukrainian-born Russian actor. He was named a People's Artist of Russia in 1993. Khimichev was known for his roles in Aty-baty, shli soldaty..., The Ballad of the Valiant Knight Ivanhoe, and in TASS Is Authorized to Declare....

Khimichev died at the age of 81 from a brain tumor.

References

Other websites

1933 births
2014 deaths
Deaths from brain cancer
Russian movie actors
Ukrainian actors
Yitzhak Hofi

Yitzhak Hofi (‎; 25 January 1927 – 15 September 2014) was an Israeli spy and general. He was a member of the Palmach. He was also the head of the  Israeli Northern Command and the director of Mossad. 

Hofi died on 15 September 2014, aged 87.

References

1927 births
2014 deaths
Directors of intelligence agencies
Israeli generals
Israeli Jews
Jewish military people
People from Tel Aviv
People of the Mossad
Gemini (constellation)

Gemini is one of the constellations of the zodiac. It was one of the 48 constellations described by the 2nd century AD astronomer Ptolemy. It is one of the 88 modern constellations today. Its name is Latin for "twins." It is from the twins Castor and Pollux in Greek mythology. Its symbol is  ().

Location

Gemini lies between Taurus to the west and Cancer to the east. Auriga and Lynx are to the north. Monoceros and Canis Minor are to the south.

Meteor showers
The Geminids are a meteor shower that can be seen best on December 13–14. People watching it see about 100 meteors per hour at most. It one of the richest meteor showers. The Epsilon Geminids peak between October 18 and October 29. They have only been recently confirmed. They overlap with the Orionids. This makes the Epsilon Geminids hard to see. Epsilon Geminid meteors move faster than Orionids.

Mythology

In Babylonian astronomy, the stars Castor and Pollux were known as the Great Twins (MUL.MASH.TAB.BA.GAL.GAL). The Twins were thought of as minor gods. They were called Meshlamtaea and Lugalirra. These names meant 'The One who has arisen from the Underworld' and the 'Mighty King'. Both names can be understood as titles of Nergal, the major Babylonian god of plague and pestilence. He was king of the Underworld.

Visualizations

Castor and Pollux are the brightest stars in Gemini. They are two bright stars that appear very close together forming an o shape.

Astrology
The Sun appears in the constellation Gemini from June 20 to July 20. In tropical astrology, the Sun is in the sign Gemini from May 21 to June 22, and in sidereal astrology, from June 16 to July 15.

References

 
 H. A. Rey, The Stars — A New Way To See Them. Enlarged World-Wide Edition. Houghton Mifflin, Boston, 1997. .
 
 Ian Ridpath and Wil Tirion (2007). Stars and Planets Guide, Collins, London. . Princeton University Press, Princeton. .

Other websites

 The Deep Photographic Guide to the Constellations: Gemini
 Astrojan Astronomical Picture Collection: The clickable Gemini
 WikiSky: Gemini constellation
 Ian Ridpath's Star Tales: Gemini
APOD Pictures of Gemini and Deep Sky Objects:
 [http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap090506.html A Spring Sky Over Hirsau Abbey]
 [http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap090503.html The Eskimo Nebula from Hubble]
 [http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap100612.html The Medusa Nebula]
 [http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap031215.html Open Star Clusters M35 and NGC 2158]
 [http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap050319.html NGC 2266: Old Cluster in the NGC]
 Constellation Guide: Gemini Constellation

Constellations
Constellations listed by Ptolemy
Eugene I. Gordon

Eugene Irving Gordon  (September 14, 1930 – September 15, 2014) was an American physicist.  He was Director of the Lightwave Devices Laboratory of Bell Labs.

Gordon was born on September 14, 1930 in New York City. He graduated from the City College of New York in 1952 with a B.S. in physics, and completed his Ph.D. from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1957. 

He became director of the Lightwave Devices Laboratory of Bell Labs. He married Renate Albrecht on December 31, 1991. He died on September 15, 2014 in Scotch Plains, New Jersey, aged 84.

References

1930 births
2014 deaths
American physicists
Scientists from New York City
Lepus (constellation)

Lepus is a constellation south of the celestial equator. Its name is Latin for hare.  The hare is not from any figure in Greek mythology. Lepus was one of the 48 constellations listed by the 2nd century astronomer Ptolemy. It is one of the 88 modern constellations. It is below the constellation Orion (the hunter). It is known as a hare being chased by Orion.

This constellation should not be mixed up with Lupus, the wolf.

Notable features

Deep-sky objects
 IC 418 is a planetary nebula located about 1,100 light years away.
 There is one Messier Object in Lepus, M79. It is a globular cluster of magnitude 8.0, 42,000 light-years from Earth. It is one of the few globular clusters seen in the Northern Hemisphere winter.

References

Further reading
 
 
 
 
 Ian Ridpath and Wil Tirion (2007). Stars and Planets Guide, Collins, London. . Princeton University Press, Princeton. .

Other websites

 Hundred metre virtual telescope captures unique detailed colour image — ESO's Organisational Release
 The Deep Photographic Guide to the Constellations: Lepus
 Star Tales – Lepus
 Lepus Constellation at Constellation Guide

Constellations
Constellations listed by Ptolemy
Puppis

Puppis is a constellation that can be seen in the southern sky. It is one of the 88 modern constellations recognized by the International Astronomical Union.

Notable features

Argo Navis was sub-divided in 1752 by the French astronomer Nicolas Louis de Lacaille, forming Puppis.

References

Other websites
 The Deep Photographic Guide to the Constellations: Puppis
 Star Tales – Puppis
 Puppis Constellation at Constellation Guide

Constellations
AFC Cup

The AFC Cup is a football competition run by the Asian Football Confederation (AFC). It is available to clubs from AFC-affiliated countries that fall into the AFC's "developing nations" category per the Vision Asia document.

References

Football competitions in Asia
Sport in Asia
Jessy Schram

Jessica "Jessy" Schram (born 15 January 1986) is an American actress. She played Hannah Griffith in Veronica Mars. She also played Susan Davis in the Jane Doe television series on the Hallmark Channel.

Schram was born in Skokie, Illinois.

References

People from Skokie, Illinois
American television actors
American movie actors
Actors from Illinois
1986 births
Living people
Dranouter

Dranouter is a village in the municipality of Heuvelland in West Flanders, Belgium.

References

Settlements in Belgium
West Flanders
South China AA

South China Athletic Association (also known as South China, SCAA, ) is a Hong Kong sports club, best known for its football team. It is the most successfull club in Hong Kong. They won a record 40 First Division League titles. They have also won a record 31 Senior Shields, a record 9 FA Cups and 2 League Cups.

Honours

Domestic
 Hong Kong First Division League
Winners (41): 1923–24, 1930–31, 1932–33, 1934–35, 1935–36, 1937–38, 1938–39, 1939–40, 1940–41, 1948–49, 1950–51, 1951–52, 1952–53, 1954–55, 1956–57, 1957–58, 1958–59, 1959–60, 1960–61, 1961–62, 1965–66, 1967–68, 1968–69, 1971–72, 1973–74, 1975–76, 1976–77, 1977–78, 1985–86, 1986–87, 1987–88, 1989–90, 1990–91, 1991–92, 1996–97, 1999–2000, 2006–07, 2007–08, 2008–09, 2009–10, 2012–13
Runners-up (16): 1928–29, 1946–47, 1953–54, 1955–56, 1964–65, 1966–67, 1972–73, 1980–81, 1984–85, 1988–89, 1992–93, 1994–95, 1995–96, 1997–98, 1998–99, 2010–11

 Hong Kong Second Division League
Winners (5): 1917–18, 1925–26, 1933–34, 1951–52, 1952–53
Runners-up (?):

 Hong Kong Senior Challenge Shield
Winners (31): 1928–29, 1930–31, 1932–33, 1934–35, 1935–36, 1936–37, 1937–38, 1938–39, 1940–41, 1948–49, 1954–55, 1956–57, 1957–58, 1958–59, 1960–61, 1961–62, 1964–65, 1971–72, 1985–86, 1987–88, 1988–89, 1990–91, 1995–96, 1996–97, 1998–99, 1999–2000, 2001–02, 2002–03, 2006–07, 2009–10, 2013–14
Runners-up (?):

Hong Kong Viceroy Cup
Winners (8): 1971–72, 1979–80, 1986–87, 1987–88, 1990–91, 1992–93, 1993–94, 1997–98
Runners-up (7): 1973–74, 1974–75, 1984–85, 1985–86, 1989–90, 1991–92, 1995–96

Hong Kong FA Cup
Winners (10): 1984–85, 1986–87, 1987–88, 1989–90, 1990–91, 1995–96, 1998–99, 2001–02, 2006–07, 2010–11
Runners-up (4): 1975–76, 1985–86, 1997–98, 2000–01

Hong Kong League Cup
Winners (3): 2001–02, 2007–08, 2010–11

 Hong Kong Junior Challenge Shield
Winners (9): 1947–48, 1950–51, 1952–53, 1953–54, 1954–55, 1956–57, 1957–58, 1958–59, 1966–67
Runners-up (?):

Hong Kong Community Shield
Runners-up (1): 2009

Asian
 Asian Cup Winners Cup
Runners-up (1): 1993–94
 AFC Cup
Group Stage: 2014

Football clubs
Football in Hong Kong
1904 establishments
1900s establishments in Asia
20th-century establishments in China
Super Junior-M

Super Junior-M, often referred to as SJ-M, is a Mandopop boy band, under SM Entertainment. They are the first international music group in the Chinese music industry to have members of both Chinese and Korean descent.

Super Junior-M is the third subgroup of Super Junior and the most successful.

Members

Current members
Sungmin
Eunhyuk
Donghae
Siwon
Ryeowook
Kyuhyun
 Zhou Mi
Henry

Former members
Han Geng

Discography

Studio albums
Me (2008)
Break Down (2013)

Original Soundtracks
Skip Beat! (2012)

Extended plays
Super Girl (2009)
Perfection (2011)
Swing (2014)

References 

South Korean boy bands
Hip hop bands
R&B bands
2008 establishments in South Korea
Dree Hemingway

Dree Hemingway (born December 4, 1987) is an American fashion model and actress. She is the daughter of Mariel Hemingway and niece of Margaux Hemingway. She did editorials for Harper's Bazaar and for Vogue.

Dree Hemingway was born in Idaho.

References

American television actors
American movie actors
Models from Idaho
Actors from Idaho
1987 births
Living people
Han Geng

Han Geng (; Hangul: 한경; born February 9, 1984) is a Chinese Mandopop singer and actor. He was a member of South Korean boy bands, Super Junior and Super Junior-M.

Chinese movie actors
Chinese television actors
Chinese singers
1984 births
Living people
Tim Hudson

Timothy Adam Hudson (born July 14, 1975) is a retired American professional baseball player. He played the pitcher position.

The first professional team that Hudson played for was the Oakland Athletics. He has also played with the Atlanta Braves and San Francisco Giants.

Early life
Hudson attended Glenwood School in Phenix City, Alabama.  In his senior year, his team went to the 1993 AISA state championship.  He finished his high school year with 12 wins and one loss.  He had a 1.78 earned run average.  Even with his great statistics, Hudson was not drafted or offered a scholarship to a big college.  Hudson decided to go to a local two-year college.  He went to Chattahoochee Valley Community College (CVCC).

References

San Francisco Giants players
Living people
1975 births
People from Columbus, Georgia
Hamdeen Sabahi

Hamdeen Sabahi (, ; born 5 July 1954) is an Egyptian left-wing politician, journalist and poet. He is the leader of the Egyptian Popular Current. He also leads National Salvation Front with Amr Moussa. Sabahi is a Nasserist.

Early life
Sabahi was born in a small town to a peasant father.

1954 births
Living people
Egyptian Muslims
Egyptian politicians
Egyptian poets
Wanderlei Silva

Wanderlei César da Silva ( ; ; born July 3, 1976) is a Brazilian retired mixed martial artist. He is nicknamed "The Axe Murderer" and "Cachorro Louco". Silva is best known for his time in Pride Fighting Championships and the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC) promotions. He is the record holder for most wins, knockouts, title defenses, and longest winning streak in PRIDE history. He has a black belt in Brazilian jiu-jitsu and black prajied in Muay Thai. He is known for his aggressive fighting style with the most of his fights ending in either a knockout or referee stoppage because of strikes.

On 22 October 2013, he was announced as a coach for The Ultimate Fighter: Brazil 3, where he would compete against his long-time rival Chael Sonnen. Silva was suppose to have a bout with Sonnen, which was briefly attached to UFC 173. and then at The Ultimate Fighter: Brazil 3 Finale was expected to take place on July 5, 2014 at UFC 175. UFC president Dana White would later say that the fight had to be moved back when Silva injured his hand and back during a brawl with Sonnen which happened during the filming of the show. Silva was pulled from the fight entirely because he had failed to submit an application to fight in the state of Nevada, as well as him refusing to undergo a random drug test. Silva was replaced by Vitor Belfort. On June 10, 2014, Chael Sonnen was reported to have failed a drug test and was not allowed to fight on the UFC 175 card, due to his failed drug test, Sonnen announced that he was retiring from the sport the next day.

On September 19, 2014, Silva announced that he was retiring from mixed martial arts.

References

Other websites

Official website 
UFC profile

1976 births
Brazilian sportspeople
Doping cases in sport
Living people
Mixed martial artists
People from Curitiba
Lofa County

Lofa County is a county in Liberia.

The county is bordered by Bong County to the south and Gbarpolu County to the west. The northwestern parts of Lofa border the nation of Sierra Leone. The northeastern parts border Guinea. Mount Wuteve, the highest mountain in Liberia, is in the county.

Liberia
Counties
1964 establishments in Africa
John Mercer Langston

John Mercer Langston (December 14, 1829 – November 15, 1897) was a dean at Howard University. He helped create the department of law at the university.

Langston was born a free black in Virginia. His mother used to be a slave. His father was English. He was elected town clerk in Ohio. This made him the first black person to hold a public office (a job where the people vote for you). In 1888, he was elected to the U.S. Congress. He was the first black congressman from Virginia.

1829 births
1897 deaths
American academics
African American politicians
Educators from Virginia
Ambassadors of the United States
Politicians from Virginia
Michelin Guide

The Michelin Guide (French: Guide Michelin) is a series of annual guide books published by the French company Michelin for over a century. It lists good restaurants and hotels.

The term normally refers to the Michelin Red Guide, the oldest and best-known European hotel and restaurant reference guide. A team of experts gives Michelin stars for excellence to a select few establishments. The gain or loss of a star can have a big effect on the success of a restaurant. 

The guides cover western Europe in detail, major cities in the USA, Japan and Hong Kong Macau. Michelin was and is a tyre company, and the guides were originally meant to be packed in the car as you went touring through France. That is why they cover hotels as well as restaurants.

References 

Non-fiction books
Drive Angry

Drive Angry is a supernatural 2011 action movie. It stars Amber Heard and Nicolas Cage. The movie is about criminals and fast cars.

The movie got mixed reviews by critics. It made less than its budget.

2010s action movies
2011 movies
Shaukat Tarin

Shaukat Tarin or Shaukat Tareen (born 1953) is a senior Pakistani banker. He was Pakistan's finance minister from 2009 to 2010.

References

1953 births
Living people
Pakistani people
Alf Ivar Samuelsen

Alf Ivar Samuelsen (28 February 1942 – 16 September 2014) was a Norwegian politician for the Centre Party. Samuelsen served as Mayor of Flakstad. He served as mayor from 1986 through 1987. Samuelsen was born in Flakstad. He was elected to the Parliament of Norway from Nordland in 2005. He was not re-elected in 2009.

Samuelsen died in a tractor accident on 16 September 2014 in Flakstad. He was 72.

References

1942 births
2014 deaths
Norwegian politicians
Mayors
Andriy Husin

Andriy Leonidovych Husin (; 11 December 1972 – 17 September 2014) was a professional Ukrainian football player and coach. 

He played in the Ukraine national football team. He was one of Ukraine's most capped players. He was a member of Ukraine's 2006 World Cup Squad, and played several games in the 2006 World Cup.

Husin was killed in a motorcycle crash in Kiev on 17 September 2014.

References

Other websites

1972 births
2014 deaths
Road accident deaths
Ukrainian footballers
Ukrainian football managers
Sportspeople from Kiev
China Zorrilla

China Zorrilla (, Concepción Matilde Zorrilla de San Martín Muñoz; 14 March 1922 – 17 September 2014) was an Uruguayan theater, movie, and television actress. She was known for her roles in La maffia, Esperando la carroza, Besos en la Frente, Conversations with Mother, and in Elsa & Fred.

Zorrilla died on 17 September 2014 from pneumonia in a hospital in Montevideo, Uruguay, aged 92.

References

Other websites

 

1922 births
2014 deaths
Deaths from pneumonia
People from Montevideo
Stage actors
Television actors
Alumni of the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art
Argentine movie actors
Linwood Holton

Abner Linwood Holton, Jr. (September 21, 1923 – October 28, 2021) was an American and attorney. He served as the 61st Governor of Virginia. He served as governor from 1970 to 1974. He was the first Republican governor since Reconstruction. Holton, Jr. was born in Big Stone Gap, Virginia.

His daughter, Anne Holton, is married to United States Senator of Virginia Tim Kaine.

Holton died on October 28, 2021 in Kilmarnock, Virginia at the age of 98.

References

1923 births
2021 deaths
Governors of Virginia
US Republican Party politicians
Constitution of Chile

The Political Chilean Constitution  () is the main source about the actual structure of the government and laws in Chile. It was approved in a plebiscite in 1980 and effective in 1981. The main editor of the constitutional text was Jaime Guzmán. The original text contains 120 articles, with 29 transitional provisions. It was reformed in 1989, 1991, 1994, 1997, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2003, 2005, 2007 and the last constitutional reform was made in 2008. Now the actual text contains 129 articles and 21 transitory provisions.

Related pages
Constitution
Constitutionalism

References

Other websites 

 The Chilean Constitution in Wikisource
 Official translation of the original 1980 Constitution  (PDF file)
 "Untying the knot" (The Economist)

Politics of Chile
Chile
1981 establishments in Chile
Walter Washington

Walter Edward Washington, (April 15, 1915 – October 27, 2003) was an American politician.  He was chief executive of District of Columbia from 1967 to 1979, serving as the first and only Mayor-Commissioner from 1967 to 1974 and as the first home-rule mayor of the District of Columbia from 1974 to 1979.  He was the last presidentially-appointed mayor of the District of Columbia.

Other websites

FBI Files pertaining to Walter Washington
 Walter Washington's oral history video excerpts at The National Visionary Leadership Project

1915 births
2003 deaths
Deaths from renal failure
Deaths from cardiac arrest
Mayors of Washington, D.C.
US Democratic Party politicians
Frank Nighbor

Julius Francis Joseph "Pembroke Peach" Nighbor (January 26, 1893 – April 13, 1966) was a Canadian professional ice hockey forward. In March 2010, at a Quebec auction, an American collector paid $33,000 USD to secure Frank Nighbor's game-worn Ottawa Senators sweater from the 1926–27 season.

He played for the Ottawa Senators of the National Hockey League (NHL) and National Hockey Association (NHA) and Toronto Maple Leafs of the NHL, Toronto Blueshirts of the NHA and Vancouver Millionaires of the Pacific Coast Hockey Association (PCHA).

Nighbor died of cancer on April 13, 1966 in Pembroke, Ontario at the age of 73.

References

Further reading

Other websites

1893 births
1966 deaths
Canadian ice hockey centres
Cancer deaths in Ontario
Hart Memorial Trophy winners
Hockey Hall of Fame inductees
Ice hockey people from Ontario
Lady Byng Memorial Trophy winners
Ottawa Senators (NHA) players
Sportspeople from Ontario
Stanley Cup champions
Toronto Blueshirts players
Claire Foy

Claire Foy (born 16 April 1984) is an English actress. She played Anna in the 2011 movie Season of the Witch. She played Kate in the NBC series Crossbones. Foy is known for playing Elizabeth II in the Netflix series The Crown.

Foy was born in Stockport, Greater Manchester, England. She grew up in Manchester, Leeds and Buckinghamshire.

References

1984 births
Living people
Actors from Buckinghamshire
Actors from Greater Manchester
Actors from Leeds
English movie actors
English television actors
People from Stockport, Greater Manchester