Bohemianism

The word Bohemian was first used in Paris to mean a Gypsy because many people thought that Gypsies came from Bohemia. The word was then used in the late 19th century (1800s) for poor painters, writers, musicians and actors who often travelled to Paris from other towns and tried to earn money. Paris was a famous town for painters, writers, and musicians to gather, to learn from each other and to enjoy the life of the city. Many of them lived at Montmartre, not far from the "Moulin Rouge". One of the most famous painters to live in Montmartre was Henri Toulouse-Lautrec. He loved to paint the can-can dancers and prostitutes. He did many posters to advertise the nightclubs. The posters are now famous works of art. 

In the 20th century the word "Bohemian" spread to other countries and was used to describe the lives of many different artists of different sorts. The sort of behaviour that was thought of as "Bohemian" included whether a person had a regular job, how they dressed, their political views, their religious views, their sexual behaviour and the entertainment they liked. 

People who were called "Bohemians" were often very poor, because they tried to live by painting, acting or writing. It was hard to make a living. They generally wore old or second-hand clothing, and could not afford a good hair-cut. They often shared the room in the roof of a house, which was cheap, because it was cold in winter, hot in summer and often had birds living there as well. In some ways the life of a bohemian artist was difficult, but it gave people freedom to express themselves, that was often not found in more conservative society, where everyone worried about what other people thought of them, and cared a lot about things like clothes and houses. Sometimes students from richer families would come to live a "Bohemian life style", so that they could feel the same freedom to express themselves.  

During the 20th century, many cities apart from Paris have areas where people have lived Bohemian lifestyles. One of the problems is that these areas often become fashionable for rich people. This soon drives away the poor artists and students, because they can no longer afford the rent.

Bohemian areas 
                

Bohemian areas in different cities are: 
 Paris- Montmartre and Montparnasse 
 Istanbul- Pera (Beyoglu)
 London- Chelsea, Camden Town, and Soho
 Munich- Schwabing 
 Belgrade- Skadarlija 
 Madrid- Lavapiés in Madrid 
 Milan- Isola and Colonne di San Lorenzo 
 New York City- Greenwich Village, the East Village and Chelsea
 Massachusetts- Provincetown 
 California- Carmel-by-the-Sea, 
 San Francisco- the Mission District 
 Chicago- Logan Square 
 New Orleans- the French Quarter 
 Toronto- Kensington Market 
 Mexico City- Coyoacán and Condesa 
 Sydney- Kings Cross and Newtown
 Tokyo - Shimokitazawa 
 Vancouver- Commercial Drive

Bohemians in culture 
 Bohemian people and places have very often been shown in paintings. Famous bohemian artists of Paris include Henri Toulouse-Lautrec, Vincent van Gogh and Maurice Utrillo. 

 La bohème means "the Bohemian". It is the name of a famous opera written by Giacomo Puccini. 
 Moulin Rouge! is a movie by Baz Lurhmann.

Related pages 
 Avant-garde
 Montmartre 
 Moulin Rouge 
 Henri Toulouse-Lautrec 
 La bohème

Lifestyles