cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Gwoyeu Romatzyh

Gwoyeu Romatzyh (pinyin: Guóyǔ luómǎzì, literally "National Language Romanization"), abbreviated GR, is a romanization of Mandarin Chinese, or a way to write Mandarin using the Roman alphabet, made by Yuen Ren Chao and some other linguists in the late 1920s. It was made as a way to write Mandarin using tonal spelling, or spelling rules that would change the syllable's spelling depending on its tone. For example, the syllable chai would be written as chai if it has the first Mandarin tone (or chāi in Pinyin), chair if it has the second tone (chái), chae if it has the third tone (chăi), and chay if it had the fourth tone (chài). Y.R. Chao created GR in order to increase literacy in China because China's illiteracy was very high in the early 20th century. He made it that tones could be written without extra tone markers, which can be long and difficult to add when printing. 

Even though many other Asian languages use tonal spelling, like Hmong, they all represent tones by using the same letter each time the tone is used. In Hmong, for example, -b is always a high tone, -s is always a low tone, -j is always high-falling tone. In GR, however, each syllable final has its own spelling rules, and many exceptions exist within these rules. For example, first tone words with the final -a as in bā is written with just one vowel like ba, except when the syllable begins with an l-, m-, or n-, which then must be written as lha, mha, and nha in that order. This is only one of its many rules and exceptions. 

Unsurprisingly, many people thought GR was too difficult to learn. Nonetheless, it still has many supporters, and they would rather learn using GR than Pinyin. While supporters of GR claim that it helps users of GR remember tones better than people who just use Pinyin, studies have not supported this claim. As a matter of fact, one study showed that after one year, the subjects who learned Chinese using Pinyin could more accurately speak Mandarin with tones than those who learned using GR. 

After the Communist Party took over China, it tried to replaced all romanizations of Chinese, including GR, with Pinyin. While GR is not an official romanization in Taiwan, it can be seen in several places, including road signs, people's names, and the names of products, even though Hanyu Pinyin is the official romanization of Taiwan. 

Even though almost all romanizations in mainland China today are in Pinyin, there are still some exceptions. For example, the name of the province Shaanxi is written in GR rather than in Pinyin, which would be Shǎnxī with tone markers, because there is already another province named Shanxi, which is written as Shānxī with tones. If the Pinyin names were to be written without tone markers (which they often are in everyday Pinyin), they should both be spelled Shanxi. Therefore they would be impossible to tell apart using just Pinyin without tones. Therefore, an exception has been made in this case. 

Below are examples of sentences written in Chinese characters, Pinyin, and GR with English translations.

References 

Chinese language
Romanization
Arch of Septimus Severus

The Arch of Septimius Severus () is at the northwest end of the Roman Forum. It is a white marble triumphal arch. It was dedicated in  203 AD after the Parthian victories of Emperor Septimius Severus and his two sons. Two campaigns were fought against the Parthians in 194/195 and 197–199 AD.

The sons were Caracalla and Geta. After the death of Septimius Severus, his sons were initially joint emperors. Caracalla had Geta assassinated in 212; Geta's memorials were destroyed. All images or mentions of him were removed from public buildings and monuments. So, Geta's image and inscriptions were removed from the arch (damnatio memoriae).

Buildings and structures in Italy
Roman Empire
Flags of cities of the United States

The flags of the cities of the United States exhibit a wide variety of regional influences and local histories, as well as widely different styles and design principles.

Alabama

Alaska

Historical

Arizona

Historical

Arkansas

California

Historical

Colorado

Columbia, District of

Connecticut

Delaware

Florida
Many flags of Floridian cities feature their city seal on a saltire, incorporating elements from the Floridian flag, itself based on the former Spanish flag, into their designs.

Historical

Georgia

Historical

Hawaii

Historical

Idaho

Historical

Illinois

Historical

Indiana

Historical

Iowa

Kansas

Historical

Kentucky

Historical

Louisiana

Maine

Maryland

Historical

Massachusetts

Historical

Michigan

Historical

Minnesota

Mississippi

Historical

Missouri

Historical

Montana

Nebraska

Nevada

Historical

New Hampshire

Historical

New Jersey

Historical

New Mexico

New York
Some city flags of New York, such as that of Albany and New York, feature colors from the Dutch Prince's Flag in their designs, due to the prominence of the Netherlands in the history of New York.

Historical

North Carolina

North Dakota

Ohio

Historical

Oklahoma

Historical

Oregon

Historical

Pennsylvania

Puerto Rico

Historical

Rhode Island

South Carolina

Historical

South Dakota

Historical

Tennessee

Historical

Texas

Historical

Utah

Historical

Vermont

Virginia

Historical

Washington

Historical

West Virginia

Historical

Wisconsin

Wyoming

Notes

References

Cities in the United States
 
Lists of flags
Flags
Awk

Awk is a programming language usually used for data extraction—taking data (information) from sources.

Programming languages
Vladimir Guerrero

Vladimir Alvino Guerrero (born February 9, 1975), nicknamed Vlad, Vlady and Vlad the Impaler, is a Dominican former professional baseball player who spent 16 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a right fielder and designated hitter. He played for the Montreal Expos (1996–2003), Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim (2004–09), Texas Rangers (2010), and Baltimore Orioles (2011).

Guerrero is considered one of the greatest batters of all time, and is widely regarded as the best "bad ball" batter of all time (the ability to hit pitches outside of the strike zone). He was well known for putting the ball into play, and particularly on the first pitch.  He had exceptional hands at the plate, and would bat without batting gloves.  Guerrero was able to hit for both power and average.  In the outfield, Guerrero was sometimes considered a defensive liability, prone to making errors, which resulted in him being a designated hitter in the last stage of his remarkable career, but he was also known to have a very powerful throwing arm that allowed him to make outfield assists on base runners.

Many baseball fans and critics believe Guerrero's career was overshadowed by those of other players due to playing for a small fan base in Montreal, and similarly, many believe that he deserved to win the 2000 National League Most Valuable Player (MVP) Award for his remarkable season, an award which instead was won by Barry Bonds.

Guerrero barely missed being elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame on the first ballot (first year of candidacy), but he was admitted in on the second ballot.

One of Guerrero's sons, Vladimir Guerrero Jr., plays in MLB.

1975 births
Dominican Republic sportspeople
American League All-Stars
National League All-Stars
Baltimore Orioles players
Montreal Expos players
Texas Rangers players
Living people
Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim players
Jalaluddin Haqqani

Mawlawi Jalaluddin Haqqani (1939 – 3 September 2018) was an Afghan militant. He was the leader of the Haqqani network, a fighting group in guerilla warfare against US-led NATO forces.

By 2004, he was directing pro-Taliban militants to launch a holy war in Afghanistan. Within Pakistan, Jalaluddin had a relation with Pakistan but he did not act against the TTP. He was the most experienced Islamist leader in the region. Steve Coll, author of Ghost Wars, claims that Haqqani introduced suicide bombing in the Afghanistan-Pakistan region.

On 3 September 2018, the Taliban released a statement via Twitter saying that Haqqani died from a terminal illness in his late 70s.

References

1939 births
2018 deaths
Afghan leaders
Military people
Taliban
Terrorists
Paul Koech

Paul Koech (25 June 1969 – 4 September 2018) was a Kenyan distance and marathon runner. He was known for his competition at the IAAF World Half Marathon Championships in 1998 and finished in first place. He was also a regular competitor in the IAAF World Cross Country Championships with several top-5 positions.

Koech died on 4 September 2018 at a hospital in Nairobi from a cerebral hemorrhage at the age of 49.

References

1969 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from cerebral hemorrhage
Kenyan sportspeople
Competitors in athletics
Marijan Beneš

Marijan Beneš (; 11 June 1951 – 4 September 2018) was a Yugoslav-Bosnian boxer. He was born in Belgrade. He was thought of as one of the best in Yugoslav history.

After an amateur career, he won the gold medal in European Amateur Boxing Championships in Belgrade, he turned professional in 1977, and won the European Boxing Union title in the light welterweight in 1979. Beneš retired from the ring in 1983, after a severe eye injury.

Beneš died of complications from Alzheimer's disease in Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina on 4 September 2018, aged 67.

References

1951 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from Alzheimer's disease
Bosnia and Herzegovina sportspeople
Yugoslavian sportspeople
Boxers
Gloria Jean

Gloria Jean (April 14, 1926 – August 31, 2018) was an American actress and singer. She starred or co-starred in 26 feature movies between 1939 and 1959. Her best known roles were in The Under-Pup, Pardon My Rhythm, and Manhattan Angel.

Jean died of heart failure in Mountain View, Hawaii on August 31, 2018 at the age of 92.

References

Other websites

 Gloria Jean Sings: tribute website with clips

1926 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from heart failure
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American radio actors
American child actors
Singers from Buffalo, New York
Actors from Buffalo, New York
Mountain View, Hawaii

Mountain View is a census-designated place (CDP) in Hawaii County, Hawaii, United States located in the District of Puna. The population was 3,924 at the 2010 census.

References

Census-designated places in Hawaii
Anita Lindman

Anita Lindman (née Lamm; 14 May 1932 – 31 August 2018) was a Swedish television announcer and producer. She was known for the children's program Anita och Televinken, which she both produced and announced for. She was a daughter of Uno Lamm and Ingalill Beckman. 

Lindman died in Norrtälje on 31 August 2018, aged 86.

References

Other websites
Anita Lindman at Swedish Film Database
Anita Lindman at LIBRIS
Anita Lindman at Svensk mediedatabas

1932 births
2018 deaths
Swedish entertainers
Television producers
Television presenters
Johnny Gilbert

John L. Gilbert III (born July 13, 1924) is an American television personality and actor. He worked mainly on television game shows. He was a nightclub singer and entertainer before becoming an announced for television game shows. He is known for his work as the announcer and audience host for the syndicated version of the quiz show Jeopardy!.

Gilbert was born in Newport News, Virginia.

In 2017 Gilbert was honored by the Guinness Book of World Records for having the longest career as a game show announcer for a single show, after 32 years with Jeopardy.

References

1924 births
Living people
American television personalities
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
Actors from Virginia
Singers from Virginia
Moira Yip

Moira Yip is a British linguist. She earned her PhD in Linguistics in 1980 from MIT. She retired in 2009 from University College London (UCL). She had been Professor of Linguistics there. At UCL she also was co-director of the Centre for Human Communication. She was also Pro-Provost for China. Before joining UCL, she was Professor of Linguistics and Acting Dean at the University of California-Irvine (1992-1999) and Associate Professor at Brandeis University (1982-1992).

Moira Yip worked on theory of phonology (ideas about how sound is important in language). She was especially interested in phonology of Chinese. Her dissertation on the Tonal phonology of Chinese was published in the Outstanding Dissertations in Linguistics series (Routledge). In 2002 she published the first modern textbook on tone in the Cambridge University Press linguistics textbook series.

She is married to business academic, George Yip.

Important publications 
 Yip, Moira J. 1980. The tonal phonology of Chinese. PhD dissertation, MIT.
 Yip, Moira. 1988. The Obligatory Contour Principle and Phonological Rules: a Loss of Identity. Linguistic Inquiry, 19 (1), 65-100.
 Yip, Moira. 1989. Contour tones. Phonology, 6(1), 149-174.
 Yip, Moira. 2002. Tone. Cambridge University Press.

References 

British academics
Living people
Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni
British linguists
Hyperaccumulator

A hyperaccumulator is a plant that can grow in soils with very high concentrations of metals.

Featured by the BBC is a tree on the island of New Caledonia, Pycnandra acuminata, which grows on soil rich in nickel. Many different plants do this in several different plant families.

The advantage of hyperaccumulation of metals may be that the toxic levels of heavy metals in leaves deter herbivores (defence against herbivory).

Several gene families are involved in hyperaccumulation including absorbing and storing heavy metals. The genes most usually involved are the ZIP gene family. These genes code for membrane receptors for the transport of, for example, zinc molecules.

These hyperaccumulation genes (HA genes) are found in over 450 plant species, including the model organisms Arabidopsis and the Brassicaceae.  Expression of HA genes allows the plant to uptake and sequester metals such as As, Co, Fe, Cu, Cd, Pb, Hg, Se, Mn, Zn, Mo and Ni in 100–1000 times the concentration found in sister species or populations.

References

Related pages 
Plant physiology

Plant physiology
Subroutine

In computer programming, a subroutine is a code that is comprised of more codes — just like everything in programming — its purpose is the same: execute an instruction/command. Because subroutines are shorter, they can be typed faster and therefore be used more by programmers, hence saving time by being able to code faster.

Subroutines are commonly paired with parameter, a type of variable.

Computer programming
SDP-Liberal Alliance

The S.D.P-Liberal Alliance was an alliance between the Social Democratic Party (S.D.P) and the Liberal Party. The two British political parties promised to help each other in order to try to win the 1983 and 1987 UK general elections. The alliance won around a quarter of the vote each time. In 1988, the two parties decided to join together to form the Liberal Democrats.

Former political parties in the United Kingdom
Liberal Democrats (UK)
Liberal Party (UK)
Social Democratic Party (UK)
1981 establishments in the United Kingdom
1988 disestablishments in the United Kingdom
Presbyterian Church in Ireland

The Presbyterian Church in Ireland is the largest Presbyterian church in Ireland and the biggest Protestant denomination in Northern Ireland. It has over 225,000 members, represented by over 500 congregations.

References 

Presbyterianism
Ireland
Fear: Trump in the White House

Fear: Trump in the White House is a book by American Watergate journalist Bob Woodward. The book explains the operations in the Trump White House and quotes important members of the administration including John F. Kelly as "hiding key information from the president in order that he doesn't make impulsive decisions". It also says United States Secretary of Defense James Mattis called the president a "fifth or fourth grader". 

On the 5th of September 2018, President Donald Trump called the book "a con on the public" and said that it had untrue information. White House Chief of Staff also released a statement saying "he is committed to the president".

Reactions
When the book was leaked by the Washington Post, White House Chief of staff John F. Kelly released a statement saying he "never called the president an idiot".

References 

2018 books
Non-fiction books
Donald Trump
Chris Stuckmann

Christopher Stuckmann (born April 15, 1988) is an American movie critic, movie director, producer, author, and YouTube star. As of September 2018, he has more than 1.3 million subscribers, and over 360 million total video views. In 2017, he directed, produced, edited, and wrote the short comedic horror movie Auditorium 6 which earned him multiple awards.

Filmography

Bibliography 

 The Film Buff's Bucket List: The 50 Movies of the 2000s to See Before You Die (2016)
 Anime Impact: The Movies and Shows that Changed the World of Japanese Animation (2018)

Accolades

References

Other websites 

 Chris Stuckmann at IMDb
 Chris Stuckmann at Rotten Tomatoes

1988 births
Living people
Movie directors from Ohio
American movie critics
Internet celebrities
Damoh district

Damoh District is a district of Madhya Pradesh state in central India.

Districts of Madhya Pradesh
Phi Tai Hong

Phi Tai Hong () is a ghost of Thai folklore. It is the vengeful and restless spirit of a person who suffered a violent or cruel death.

Legendary creatures
Afterlife
Thai culture
Rhetorical Triangle

The Rhetorical Triangle represents the three rhetorical appeals created by Aristotle. The Greek terms pathos, logos, and ethos compose the triangle. Pathos means appealing to emotions; ethos means appealing to ethics; logos means logic. The balance of these terms creates a powerful way to convey a message in any communication style.

Examples of each Greek term
Ethos: "9 out of 10 professors at The University of New Hampshire recommend that students read this book for success in their college career." 
This is ethos because it refers to reputable sources.

Pathos: "If you do not donate to this charity, patients could go without necessary care to treat their illnesses." 
This is pathos because it appeals to emotions of readers. 

Logos: "75 percent of customers see results within the first two months of using this product." 
This is an example of logos because it offers statistics to support a claim.

Rhetoric
Business writing

Business writing is a form of professional communication that typically consists of memorandums, emails, letters, and other documents. Usually found within a work environment, business writing helps employees communicate efficiently. Business writing is also used for communication with outside sources such as other companies or customers. The goal of business writing is to clearly define to your audience what you are trying to portray.

Based on what kind of audience you are writing to, (boss, coworkers, customers, other companies) certain formats will be expected. Your audience also dictates the content of the document and its tone. In most cases, a professional tone is expected although in some instances, such as with coworkers a more casual tone can be used.

References

Writing
Writing
Kennedy, Alabama

Kennedy is a town in Alabama in the United States.

Towns in Alabama
Jacksons' Gap, Alabama

Jackson's Gap is a town in Tallapoosa County, Alabama which is in the United States.

Towns in Alabama
New Site, Alabama

New Site is a town of Alabama in the United States.

Towns in Alabama
Killen, Alabama

Killen is a town of Alabama in the United States.

Towns in Alabama
Kinston, Alabama

Kinston is a town of Alabama in the United States.

Towns in Alabama
Langston, Alabama

Langston is a town of Jackson County in the state of Alabama, in the United States. As of the 2010 census, the population was 270, up from 254 in 2000 census.

Towns in Alabama
Fouke, Arkansas

Fouke is a city of the state of Arkansas in the United States of America.

Cities in Arkansas
Dix, Illinois

Dix is a village of Illinois in the United States.

Villages in Illinois
Hudson, Illinois

Hudson is a village of Illinois in the United States.

Villages in Illinois
Westwood, Iowa

Westwood is a city in Iowa in the United States.

Cities in Iowa
Winfield, Iowa

Winfield is a city in Iowa in the United States.

Cities in Iowa
Stockport, Iowa

Stockport is a city in Iowa in the United States. The population was 296 at the 2010 census.

Cities in Iowa
Natural Bridge, Alabama

Natural Bridge is a town of Winston County in the state of Alabama, in the United States. It is near the intersection of U.S. Highway 278, Alabama Highway 13, and Alabama State Route 5.

Towns in Alabama
Strawberry Point, Iowa

Strawberry Point is a city in Iowa in the United States.

Cities in Iowa
The Lion King (2019 movie)

The Lion King is a 2019 American musical adventure comedy-drama movie written by Jeff Nathanson, and directed and produced by Jon Favreau. It is a remake of the 1994 animated movie of the same name and was produced by Walt Disney Pictures. 

The movie stars the voices of Donald Glover, Beyoncé, James Earl Jones, Chiwetel Ejiofor, Billy Eichner, Seth Rogen, John Kani, John Oliver, Eric Andre, Florence Kasumba, Amy Sedaris and Alfre Woodard with Keegan-Michael Key.

Hans Zimmer composed the movie score. There is an original song by Elton John.

Much of the main cast signed on in early-2017. Filming of the movie began that summer at a movie studio in Los Angeles. The movie was released on July 19, 2019, the 25th anniversary of the animated classic.

References

Other websites
 

2019 drama movies
2010s comedy-drama movies
2010s adventure movies
2010s musical movies
Disney movie remakes
American comedy-drama movies
2010s American adventure movies
American musical movies
Movies about lions
Movies composed by Hans Zimmer
Movies directed by Jon Favreau
The Lion King
Christopher Lawford

Christopher Kennedy "Chris" Lawford (March 29, 1955 – September 4, 2018) was an American writer, actor, producer and political activist. He was a member of the 
Kennedy family. He was the son of actor Peter Lawford and Patricia Kennedy Lawford. Lawford was born in Santa Monica, California.

Lawford was known for his roles in Terminator 3: Rise of the Machines, Thirteen Days, and General Hospital.

Lawford died of a heart attack on the night of September 4, 2018 in Los Angeles at the age of 63.

References

Other websites
 

1955 births
Living people
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Cardiovascular disease deaths in Los Angeles
American movie actors
American television actors
American political activists
Kennedy family
Actors from Santa Monica, California
Writers from California
Movie producers from California
Ayanna Pressley

Ayanna Soyini Pressley (born February 3, 1974) is an American politician. She is the member of the United States House of Representatives for Massachusetts's 7th congressional district since January 3, 2019. She defeated incumbent Mike Capuano in the primary election and running unopposed in the November 2018 general election.

She was an at-large member of the Boston City Council in Boston, Massachusetts. She was the first non-White person elected to the council.

Pressley was the 2018 Democratic nominee for Massachusetts's 7th congressional district, after beating incumbent Michael Capuano.

Pressley is member of "The Squad" along with Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, Ilhan Omar and Rashida Tlaib. In 2020, Pressley endorsed Elizabeth Warren for president.

References

Other websites
 

1974 births
Living people
United States representatives from Massachusetts
Politicians from Chicago
Politicians from Boston, Massachusetts
US Democratic Party politicians
Mike Capuano

Michael Everett Capuano (; born January 9, 1952) is an American politician. He served as the U.S. Representative for  until 2019. He is a Democrat.

Before being elected to Congress, he was as an Alderman and Mayor of Somerville, Massachusetts.

In 1998 Capuano won a crowded Democratic primary to replace Joseph Kennedy II in Congress and was re-elected nine times until 2018. In Congress he was a strong liberal and member of the Congressional Progressive Caucus. 

Capuano ran in the 2010 special election to fill the seat in the United States Senate made vacant by the death of Ted Kennedy, but lost the primary to Martha Coakley.  

In 2018, he was defeated by Ayanna Pressley in a House Democratic primary in an "upset result".

References

1952 births
Living people
American mayors
United States representatives from Massachusetts
US Democratic Party politicians
Lydia Clarke

Lydia Marie Clarke (April 14, 1923 – September 3, 2018) was an American actress and photographer. In 1944, she married Academy Award-winning actor Charlton Heston. They had two children and would remain married until Heston's death in 2008. She starred in The Atomic City, Bad for Each Other, and in Will Penny.

She was born in Two Rivers, Wisconsin and died at the Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center in Los Angeles on September 3, 2018, aged 95.

References

Other websites

1923 births
2018 deaths
Breast cancer survivors
American movie actors
American photographers
Actors from Wisconsin
Two Rivers, Wisconsin

Two Rivers is a city in Manitowoc County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 11,712 at the 2010 census. It is known for having the first ice cream sundae created and sold. It is located along Lake Michigan.

References

Cities in Wisconsin
Ab McDonald

Alvin Brian "Ab" McDonald (February 18, 1936 – September 4, 2018) was a Canadian ice hockey forward. He was born in Winnipeg, Manitoba. He played for the Montreal Canadiens, Chicago Black Hawks, Detroit Red Wings, Boston Bruins, Pittsburgh Penguins and St. Louis Blues.

McDonald died from cancer on September 4, 2018 in Winnipeg at the age of 82.

References

Other websites

1936 births
2018 deaths
American Hockey League players
Cancer deaths in Canada
Canadian ice hockey forwards
Montreal Canadiens players
Chicago Blackhawks players
Detroit Red Wings players
Boston Bruins players
Pittsburgh Penguins players
St. Louis Blues players
Sportspeople from Winnipeg
World Hockey Association players
Bridge of Spies (movie)

Bridge of Spies is a 2015 historical drama movie directed and co-produced by Steven Spielberg. It was written by Matt Charman, Ethan and Joel Coen. It stars Tom Hanks, Mark Rylance, Amy Ryan, and Alan Alda. 

It is set during the Cold War about the story of lawyer James B. Donovan who is trying to release Francis Gary Powers—a U.S. Air Force pilot whose U-2 spy plane was shot down over the Soviet Union in 1960—in exchange for Rudolf Abel, a convicted Soviet KGB spy.

The movie was released by Touchstone Pictures on October 16, 2015, in the United States and distributed by 20th Century Fox in other countries. It was a box office success, grossing $165 million worldwide. 

The movie received six Academy Award nominations including Best Picture and Best Original Screenplay, and won Best Supporting Actor for Rylance.

References

2015 drama movies
Movies set in the 1960s
American drama movies
Movies directed by Steven Spielberg
The BFG (2016 movie)

The BFG (titled onscreen as Roald Dahl's The BFG) is a 2016 American fantasy adventure movie directed and produced by Steven Spielberg, written by Melissa Mathison and based on Roald Dahl’s 1982 novel of the same name. 

The movie stars Mark Rylance, Ruby Barnhill, Penelope Wilton, Jemaine Clement, Rebecca Hall, Rafe Spall, and Bill Hader.

This is Spielberg's first movie for Walt Disney Pictures.

The movie was released in the United States in Disney Digital 3-D, RealD 3D, and IMAX 3D on July 1, 2016.

The movie received positive reviews, but only made $183 million against its $140 million budget making it a box-office bomb.

References

2016 movies
2010s fantasy movies
2010s adventure movies
2010s American fantasy movies
2010s American adventure movies
2010s Indian movies
Movies based on books
Movies directed by Steven Spielberg
Movies composed by John Williams
Disney movies
Movies about giants
Movies about dreams
The Post (movie)

The Post is a 2017 American historical-drama-political thriller movie directed and produced by Steven Spielberg and written by Liz Hannah and Josh Singer. 

It stars Meryl Streep as Katharine Graham, the first female publisher of a major American newspaper, and Tom Hanks as Ben Bradlee, the executive editor of The Washington Post, with Sarah Paulson, Bob Odenkirk, Tracy Letts, Bradley Whitford, David Cross, Bruce Greenwood, Carrie Coon, and Matthew Rhys.

It is set in 1971, The Post is about the true story of attempts by journalists at The Washington Post to publish the Pentagon Papers, classified documents about the 30-year involvement of the United States government in the Vietnam War.

It was released for a short time on December 22, 2017 until releasing worldwide on January 12, 2018. It made $178 million worldwide. It got good reviews from the critics with an 88% on Rotten Tomatoes. 

Many critics called the movie as one of the best movies of 2017. 

It was nominated for Best Picture and Best Actress (for Streep) at the 90th Academy Awards.

Release dates

References

2017 drama movies
2017 thriller movies
2010s historical movies
2010s drama thriller movies
American drama thriller movies
Movies set in the 1970s
Movies directed by Steven Spielberg
Tracy Letts

Tracy S. Letts (born July 4, 1965) is an American playwright, screenwriter, and actor. He won the 2008 Pulitzer Prize for Drama for his play August: Osage County and a Tony Award for his role as George in the revival of Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?.

He is also known for his role of Andrew Lockhart in seasons 3 and 4 of Showtime's Homeland.

References

Pulitzer Prize winners
Tony Award winning actors
1965 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American voice actors
American playwrights
American screenwriters
Writers from Tulsa, Oklahoma
Actors from Tulsa, Oklahoma
Ready Player One (movie)

Ready Player One is a 2018 American science fiction adventure movie produced and directed by Steve Box, Steven Spielberg, and written by Zak Penn and Ernest Cline. It is based on Cline's 2011 novel of the same name. 

The movie stars Tye Sheridan, Olivia Cooke, Ben Mendelsohn, Lena Waithe, T.J. Miller, Simon Pegg, and Mark Rylance. The movie takes place in 2045 where the rest of humanity uses the virtual reality software OASIS to escape the darkness of the real world. 

It was theatrically released by Warner Bros. Pictures in the United States on March 29, 2018, in 2D, Real D 3D, IMAX and IMAX 3D. It made $582 million worldwide. The movie received generally positive reviews.

References

2018 science fiction movies
2010s adventure movies
American science fiction movies
American adventure movies
Movies based on books
Movies directed by Steven Spielberg
Screenplays by Zak Penn
Warner Bros. movies
Drone movies
Dystopian movies
Typhoon Jebi (2018)

Typhoon Jebi, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Maymay, is currently a weakening cyclone over Primorsky Krai, Russia. Jebi was tied as the most intense tropical cyclone of the Northern Hemisphere in 2018, and is thought to be the strongest typhoon to strike Japan since Typhoon Yancy in 1993.

Jebi formed as the twenty-first named storm of the 2018 annual typhoon season on August 28. It reached peak intensity on August 31 after striking the Northern Mariana Islands. Jebi initiated a slow weakening trend on September 2 and made landfall over Shikoku and then the Kansai region of Japan as a very strong typhoon on September 4. It died down on September 7.

References

Tropical cyclones in Asia
August 2018 events
September 2018 events
2018 in Asia
2018 in Russia
Aldrich Ames

Aldrich Hazen Ames (; born May 26, 1941) is a former Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) officer turned KGB secret spy. He was convicted of espionage in 1994. He is serving a life sentence without the possibility of parole in the Federal Correctional Institution in Terre Haute, Indiana, United States. 

Ames was formerly a 31-year CIA counterintelligence analyst who committed espionage against the U.S. by spying for the Soviet Union and Russia.

References

1941 births
Living people
Spies
American criminals
People from Wisconsin
Robert Hanssen

Robert Philip Hanssen (born April 18, 1944) is a former Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) agent.

He spied for Soviet and Russian intelligence services against the United States from 1979 to 2001. His espionage was called by the Department of Justice as "possibly the worst intelligence disaster in U.S. history."  

He is serving a 15 consecutive life sentences at ADX Florence, a federal supermax prison near Florence, Colorado.

References

1944 births
Living people
Spies
Criminals from Chicago
Genesis Rodriguez

Genesis Rodriguez (born July 29, 1987) is an American actress.

She began her careers in the Telemundo telenovelas Prisionera (2004), Dame Chocolate (2007) and Doña Bárbara (2008–2009).

Rodriguez played Sarah on Entourage (2010–2011) and Jane Walker on Time After Time (2017), and has starred in the movies Man on a Ledge (2012), Casa de Mi Padre (2012), What to Expect When You're Expecting (2012), The Last Stand (2013), Tusk (2014) and Run All Night (2015).

Rodriguez was the voice for Honey Lemon in Big Hero 6 (2014).

References

Other websites
 

1987 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
Actors from Miami, Florida
Billy Eichner

Billy Eichner (born September 18, 1978) is an American comedian, actor, writer, and television personality. He is the star, executive producer and creator of Funny Or Die's Billy on the Street. Eichner was nominated for a Daytime Emmy Award for "Outstanding Game Show Host" in 2013.

He is also known for playing Craig Middlebrooks on the sitcom Parks and Recreation.

Eichner is openly gay.

References

Other websites
 

1978 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
American stage actors
American television writers
Television personalities from New York City
Writers from New York City
Actors from New York City
John Kani

Bonisile John Kani (born November 30, 1942) is a South African actor, director and playwright. He is known for his role as T'Chaka in the Marvel studios blockbusters Captain America: Civil War and Black Panther and also the 2011 movie How to Steal 2 Million.

His left eye was lost in an incident with the South African police in 1975 and he now wears a prosthetic.

In August 2017, Kani was cast to perform the voice of Rafiki in the 2019 CGI remake of  The Lion King directed by Jon Favreau.

References

Other websites
 

Tony Award winning actors
1943 births
Living people
South African actors
South African writers
Playwrights
Political activists
Eric André

Eric Samuel André (born April 4, 1983) is an American actor, comedian and television host. He is the creator, host, and co-writer of The Eric Andre Show on Adult Swim and played Mike on the FXX series Man Seeking Woman.

References

Other websites
 
 The Eric Andre Show at Adult Swim
 

1983 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
American television personalities
American television writers
Writers from Florida
Actors from Florida
Comedians from Florida
People from Boca Raton, Florida
Rachael Bland

Rachael Bland (née Hodges, 21 January 1978 – 5 September 2018) was a Welsh journalist and a presenter. She worked with BBC Radio 5 Live and BBC North West Tonight. She was known for her podcast, You, Me and the Big C, where she talked about living with breast cancer.

Bland was diagnosed with terminal breast cancer in November 2016.

On 3 September, she announced on her Twitter account that her "time had come", and that she only had days left. She died two days later at the age of 40 in Cheshire.

References

1978 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from breast cancer
Cancer deaths in England
Welsh journalists
Television presenters
BBC people
Beatriz Segall

Beatriz de Toledo Segall (25 July 1926 – 5 September 2018) was a Brazilian actress. She was known for her role as Odete Roitman on the telenovela Vale Tudo (1988). She was born in Rio de Janeiro.

Segall died on 5 September 2018 in Rio de Janeiro from respiratory failure at the age of 92.

References

Other websites

1926 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from respiratory failure
Brazilian movie actors
Brazilian television actors
People from Rio de Janeiro
Bhagwatikumar Sharma

Bhagwatikumar Sharma (31 May 1934 – 5 September 2018) was an Indian author and journalist. He wrote in Gujarati. He edited a daily for several years. He wrote novels, short stories, poetry, essays and criticism. He won the Ranjitram Suvarna Chandrak in 1984 and Sahitya Akademi Award in 1988.

He wrote his first poem, on event of Mahatma Gandhi's death, on 31 January 1948.

He joined the editing department of Gujarat Mitra in 1955. He was the trustee of Kavi Narmad Yugavart Trust and vice-president of Narmad Sahityasabha, Surat. He also was president of the Gujarati Sahitya Parishad from 2009 to 2011.

Sharma died on 5 September 2018 in Surat, aged 84.

References

1934 births
2018 deaths
Indian poets
Indian journalists
Florence Kasumba

Florence Kasumba (born 26 October 1976) is a German-Ugandan actress. She is known for playing Ayo in Captain America: Civil War, Black Panther and Avengers: Infinity War. She also played Senator Acantha in Wonder Woman. She was also the Wicked Witch of the East in the NBC television series Emerald City.

References

Other websites

1976 births
Living people
Ugandan people
German movie actors
German television actors
German voice actors
François Flohic

François Flohic (August 2, 1920 – September 5, 2018) was a retired French admiral. He was born in Ploubazlanec, Brittany, France. He was in the Free French Naval Forces during World War II. Flohic also was a closer advisor and aide-de-camp to General Charles de Gaulle.

Flohic died in Paris on September 5, 2018 from a heart attack at the age of 98.

References

1920 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Cardiovascular disease deaths in France
French military people
Doxing

Doxing is the process of finding out, digging for or uncovering personal information on a person, group, organization or corporate entity, compiling it in an organized format and posting it online. The end result of doxing is a dox. Doxes are often shared to incite harassment, intimidation, and/or violent acts toward their victims. It can be used to help police or to assist criminals. Typically, a person is doxed for revenge-based reasons, motivating the person who is wronged or who has perceived a wrong to humiliate and expose their target. Doxing is legal in all 50 U.S. states, only if the information is gathered from public websites, is public knowledge and does not contain private information such as SSNs or cell phone numbers. 

Doxing was originally started, back in the 1980s to 1990s, by black-hat hackers and penetration testers of the time to silence and/or intimate their hacker rivals in the BBS and internet communities. Doxing is a form of vigilantism and many instances of doxing have led to swatting, years of harassment, people having to move out of their homes and change their phone numbers. Being doxed will also make you more vulnerable to identity theft. In the present day, specifically in the United States, doxing is used as a method of political dissent and political attack, primarily by left-leaning people against those with Conservative leanings. Doxing as well as deplatforming have become an integral part of "Cancel Culture."

Computing
Crime
Affricate

Affricates are consonants that are said with a stop with a fricative immediately afterwards. For example, the 'ch' sound in English (written as /t͡ʃ/ in IPA) is said with an 't' (/t/)  sound with an 'sh' (/ʃ/) sound immediately afterwards. Both voiced and voiceless affricates exist; in English, they are /d͡ʒ/ (the 'j' sound) and t͡ʃ (the 'ch' sound) respectively. 

In Mandarin Chinese, affricates are told apart by aspiration, or breathiness, since voiced affricates do not exist; aspirated affricates, or breathy affricates, are /t͡ɕʰ/ (written as 'q' in Hanyu Pinyin), /t͡sʰ/ ('c'), and /ʈ͡ʂʰ/ ('ch'), and unaspirated affricates, or non-breathy affricates, are /t͡ɕ/ ('j'), /t͡s/ ('z'), and /ʈ͡ʂ/ ('zh').

Consonants
Aspiration

Aspiration is a feature in languages where saying a consonant gives out a puff of air. For example, if you dangle a piece of paper in front of your mouth, you will see it move if you say an aspirated, or breathy, consonant. If the paper does not move, then it is unaspirated, or not breathy. In English, voiceless stops and fricatives that happen at the beginning of a word are aspirated, which are the sounds 'p', 't', 'k', and 'ch' (which are written as /p/, /t/, /k/, /t͡ʃ/ in IPA in the same order). In IPA, aspirated sounds can be written with an ʰ symbol afterwards, as in /pʰ/, /tʰ/, /kʰ/, and /t͡ʃʰ/. For example, the first sound in the words "pick", "tick", "kick", and "chick" are all aspirated. In IPA, they are written as /pʰɪk/, /tʰɪk/, /kʰɪk/, and /t͡ʃʰɪk/ in the same order. However, voiceless stops and fricatives that appear after the first sound are unaspirated. For example, while the /p/ in "pit" is aspirated, the /p/ in "spit" and the /p/ in "tip" are not, so they would not be marked with an ʰ symbol afterwards. Below are more examples of aspiration.

English has no aspirated voiced sounds, but Hindi does. They are normally written with an 'h' after the consonant letter. An example of this is the name Bhattacharya, in which 'bh' is an aspirated 'b' sound, so it would be written as /bʱ/ in IPA.

In Mandarin Chinese, there are no voiced stops, fricatives, or affricates, so the only way to tell them apart is by aspiration. In Pinyin, aspirated sounds are written like voiceless sounds in English, so the sounds /pʰ/, /tʰ/, and /kʰ/ are written as 'p', 't', and 'k' in the same order, but unaspirated sounds are written like voiced sounds in English, so the sounds /p/, /t/, and /k/ are written as 'b', 'd', and 'g' respectively. For example, the word "Gaokao" would be written in IPA as /kau̯.kʰau̯/. In Wade-Giles spelling, aspirated stops, fricatives, or affricates are written with an apostrophe after the letter instead of using a different letter like in Pinyin, so "Gaokao" would be written as "Kaok'ao" in Wade-Giles.
Linguistics
National Higher Education Entrance Examination

The National Higher Education Entrance Examination, or the Gaokao, is the People's Republic of China's national-level university entrance exam. All high school students in China must take the Gaokao in their last year of school, and much of their time in high school is spent preparing to take the exam. Like many other Asian countries, such as Japan, South Korea, and India, the Gaokao has been well-known internationally for being a very difficult exam because many students do not get a high enough score to attend university in China.

The required subjects are mathematics, Chinese and English, and the full score of each three subjects is 150 points. For the remaining subjects, there are two choices: the liberal arts comprehensive are history, geography and politics, with a score of 100 for each subject; The science subjects include physics, chemistry and biology, with 100 points for each subject. Students are allowed to choose between science and liberal arts based on their level of study, and each student scored a maximum of 750. Although two kinds of choice means brought the power that examinee learns, but in China, the obtain employment of liberal arts living is more difficult than science living, the score of the university entrance exam also is lower than science living, so the examinee that chooses science department is much more than the examinee that chooses liberal arts.

In the national college entrance examination in June 2018, 9.75 million people took the exam, which shows the great pressure of competition. It is a pity that many people are ruined on their way to university just because of one failure in the exam. One of the disadvantages of Chinese education is that it only takes one exam to select talents. However, because there are too many references, the nation can only select talents through examinations. Facts have proved that this selection method still has some merits.

Education
Colleges and universities in the People's Republic of China
T-Series

T-Series is a record label in India started by Gulshan Kumar in 1983. T-Series is one of the fastest-growing channels on YouTube. In April 2019, T-Series became a YouTube channel with the most subscribers, surpassing PewDiePie. In late May 2019, T-Series officially became the first YouTube channel ever to pass 100 million subscribers.

Music companies
Companies of India
Zafari

ZAFARI is an International animated children's television series created by David Dozoretz. ZAFARI premiered in July 2018 on FranceTV, NatGeoKids in Latin America, MiniMini+ in Poland, Rai Yoyo in Italy, Star Channel in Greece, Tiny Pop in The UK, Spacetoon in The Middle East, and is being distributed worldwide by NBCUniversal.

Premise 
Set in a valley at the base of Mount Kilimanjaro, where lives a group of extraordinary animals. The series follows the story of a baby elephant with zebra stripes. A giraffe with peacock feathers and a pink flamingo coloured lion. ZAFARI teaches kids that our differences should not just be tolerated, but celebrated. ZAFARI stars the voices of Mark Camacho, Holly Gauthier-Frankel, Brian Froud.

ZAFARI is the first television show created in a real-time game engine, Epic’s Unreal 4  and it won the Infinity Beverly Hills Film Festival Award for Outstanding Achievement in TV via a game engine.

Cast

Main 
 Mark Camacho as Babatua
 Holly Gauthier-Frankel as Zoomba
 Brian Froud as Antonio
 Pauline Little as Elspeth
 Mark Camacho as Bubba
 Mellody Hobson as Mellody
 Cindy Davis as Renalda

References

Other websites
 
 

Animated adventure television series
Children
English-language television programs
Wallace Carothers

Wallace Hume Carothers (; April 27, 1896 – April 29, 1937) was an American chemist and inventor. He was the leader of organic chemistry at DuPont. He is known for the invention of nylon.

Carothers went to the University of Illinois to study for his Ph.D. under Roger Adams. His degree was awarded in 1924. After receiving his Ph.D., he taught at several universities before joining DuPont. He was a group leader at the DuPont Experimental Station laboratory. The laboratory was near Wilmington, Delaware and it was where most polymer research was done.

He married Helen Sweetman on February 21, 1936. On April 28, 1937 he committed suicide by drinking potassium cyanide. His daughter, Jane, was born on November 27, 1937.

References 

1896 births
1937 deaths
American chemists
Lauffohr

Lauffohr is a village in the Swiss canton of Aargau. It used to be an independent municipality before merging on 1 January 1970 to become part of Brugg.

Former municipalities of Aargau
Villages in Aargau
Stockton, Iowa

Stockton is a city in Iowa in the United States.

Cities in Iowa
Storm Lake, Iowa

Storm Lake is a city in Iowa in the United States.

Cities in Iowa
Story City, Iowa

Story City is a city in Iowa in the United States.

Cities in Iowa
Stout, Iowa

Stout is a city in Iowa in the United States.

Cities in Iowa
Stratford, Iowa

Stratford is a city in Iowa in the United States.

Cities in Iowa
Struble, Iowa

Struble is a city in Iowa in the United States.

Cities in Iowa
Stuart, Iowa

Stuart is a city in Iowa in the United States.

Cities in Iowa
Sully, Iowa

Sully is a city in Iowa in the United States.

Cities in Iowa
Sumner, Iowa

Sumner is a city in Iowa in the United States.

Cities in Iowa
Superior, Iowa

Superior is a city in Iowa in the United States.

Cities in Iowa
Sutherland, Iowa

Sutherland is a city in Iowa in the United States.

Cities in Iowa
Swaledale, Iowa

Swaledale is a city in Iowa in the United States.

Cities in Iowa
Swan, Iowa

Swan is a city in Iowa in the United States.

References 

Cities in Iowa
Swea City, Iowa

Swea City is a city in Iowa in the United States.

Cities in Iowa