cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Bridget Fonda

Bridget Jane Fonda (born January 27, 1964) is a retired American actress. She has been nominated for both an Emmy Award and a Golden Globe Award. Fonda is the daughter of Peter Fonda, the granddaughter of Henry and the niece of Jane Fonda. She is of Dutch, English, French-Canadian, German, Irish, Italian, Norwegian and Scottish descent.

Fonda is known for  her roles in such movies as The Godfather Part III, Single White Female, Singles, Doc Hollywood, Lake Placid and Jackie Brown. She voiced Jenna in the 1995 animated movie Balto.

Award nominations
1990: Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress - Motion Picture for Scandal
1997: Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress - Miniseries or a Movie for In the Gloaming
2002: Golden Globe Award for Best Performance by an Actress In A Mini-series or Motion Picture Made for Television for After Amy

References

Other websites 

Bridget Fonda at TVGuide.com

1964 births
Living people
Actors from Los Angeles
American movie actors
American television actors
Takashi Tezuka

is a video game maker for Nintendo. He has worked on many popular games for Nintendo, including games in the Mario, The Legend of Zelda, and Animal Crossing series. His first game was the Nintendo Entertainment System video game Devil World. He is a senior officer of Nintendo EPD and executive at Nintendo.

Games

References 

1960 births
Living people
Japanese video game designers
People from Osaka
Nintendo people
Eiji Aonuma

is a Japanese video game developer for Nintendo. He is most well known for his work in The Legend of Zelda series, most recently with The Legend of Zelda: A Link Between Worlds on the Nintendo 3DS.

References

1963 births
Living people
Japanese video game designers
People from Nagano Prefecture
Nintendo people
Aikido

/eye-Kee-doh/ is a Japanese martial art.  It was developed by Morihei Ueshiba.

Aikido is based on Ueshiba's philosophy, martial arts training and religious beliefs. The word "aikido" is often translated as "the way of unifying (with) life energy" or as "the way of harmonious spirit." Ueshiba wanted to create an art where people could defend themselves without harming their attacker by using the attackers "ki" against them. He wanted each practitioner of aikido to develop both physically and spiritually.

Aikido is performed by blending with the way the attacker moves, using the force of the attack rather than coming against it. This is achieved by using the attackers "ki" against them. This takes very little physical strength, as the aikidōka (person who does aikido) uses the force of the attacker's own momentum using stepping and turning movements. The techniques are completed with many different throws or joint locks which can be combined with different defenses. Aikido is one of many grappling arts.

Aikido is based on the martial art of Daitō-ryū Aiki-jūjutsu, but began to separate from it in the late 1920s, partly due to Ueshiba's involvement with the Ōmoto-kyō religion. Ueshiba's early students' records use the name aiki-jūjutsu. Many of Ueshiba's senior students have different approaches to aikido, depending on when they studied with him. Today aikido is found all over the world in a number of styles, with different groups placing importance on different things. However, they all share techniques learned from Ueshiba and most have concern for the safety of the attacker.

Related pages 
 Sports in Japan

References

Other websites 

 Encyclopedia of Aikido 
 AikiWeb
 AikidoFAQ
 Aikido Journal

Martial arts
Sport in Japan
Blog

A blog, also known as weblog, is a type of website that is like a diary or journal. Blog organizes content in the form of categories and posts. Posts on a blog are presented in reverse chronological order. That means your latest post goes to the top of the page. That way, when you make a new post, it will come first and the first post will go below it. Anyone can create a blog and then write on that blog. Bloggers (a word for people who write on blogs) often write about their opinions and thoughts. A blog containing video material is called a video blog or video log, usually shortened to vlog.

When a person writes on a blog, what they write is in the form of a post, which is a single piece of writing on the blog. Posts often include links to other websites.

Blogs can have one or more writers. If they have more than one writer, they are often called community blogs, team blogs, or group blogs because the thoughts are made by more than one person.

How blogs work 
On many blogs, the person reading the posts can leave comments, which are notes in which a person says what they think about the blog post. This makes blogs good for discussion — if someone writes something that someone else does not believe to be true, someone else can fix it by writing a comment on that blog or on their own blog. Someone else cannot change what the post says, but the writer of the post can. Not all blog posts need to be talked about or fixed. But if there are a lot of people interested in a topic, they can start a discussion on the original blog, on their own blogs, or both. These people can discuss a topic or their point of view.

Very often, a community blog or group blog will shrink into a small group of bloggers (writers) who know and trust each other, called a creative network. That kind of community blog will also have a larger group of people, a social network, who only read (and maybe comment on) the blog. Some blogs have scoring (ranking) of posts that makes these networks more solid, so that postings that people like the most are shown first or in a way that is easier to find. 

Often people have their own blog and make an RSS feed to it. When blogs have RSS feeds, other programs, called content aggregators, can put postings from all the blogs that a person likes in one place. Many people find it easier to read all the new posts from blogs they like in one place, through RSS, instead of going to each site one at a time.

Some experts think that community blogs, and some groups of individual (one-person) blogs that talk about similar topics, have a power structure like that inside a political party. These experts think that a clique (a small, exclusive group of people) will control discussions by choosing when someone has "won" an argument, and when a matter is decided. But an advantage of blogs is that even people outside that clique can comment on the original discussion.

References 

Internet
Carbon nanotube

A carbon nanotube is an allotrope of carbon that is shaped like a tube of carbon atoms. Carbon nanotubes are very tough and hard to break, but still relatively light. Some are very long. Because of their high strength, carbon nanotubes may one day be used for bulletproof armour and other uses needing hard, lightweight materials. A few carbon nanotubes also let electricity through them. Some may be up to 1,000 times better at conducting electricity than metals like copper and silver.

Other websites 
 Carbon nanotube -Citizendium 

Carbon
Witch doctor

A witch doctor often refers to a healer in undeveloped regions who use traditional and sometimes out of date methods rather than modern medicine or science.

The term witch doctor is generally used with negative terms. It is often used to imply that the healer has little or no experience or ability in medicine.

The Oxford English Dictionary says that the first recorded use of this term is in 1718, in a book by Francis Hutchinson.

The witch doctors in Africa are known as sangomas in Southern Africa. The Oxford English Dictionary states that the first use of the term "witch doctor" to refer to African shamans (i.e. medicine men) was in 1836 in a book by Robert Montgomery Martin (1803?-1868).

The role is only partly a practical one. It is also a spiritual one. The so-called witch doctor is often the guardian of the tribe's belief system and rituals. Key ceremonies must be properly held or else the life of the community may fall apart, as has happened in many places. Aggressive action by outsiders to the local belief system may lead to the 'genocide of indigenous peoples'.

Related pages
Shaman
Medicine man
Ainu

References

religion
Alternative medicine
Klingon

Klingons (; Pronunciation: /ˈt͡ɬɪŋɑn/) are a warrior race in the fictional Star Trek universe. They were in the show Star Trek: The Original Series (TOS) many times and were in all five spin-off series afterwards, eventually becoming friends of the United Federation of Planets. 

Made by writer Gene Coon, Klingons were introduced in the episode "Errand of Mercy" (1967). They were named for Lieutenant Wilbur Clingan, who served with Star Trek creator Gene Roddenberry in the Los Angeles Police Department. 

In the first series, the conflict between the Federation and Klingon was supposed to be referring to the then-current Cold War unfriendliness between the United States and the Soviet Union. Star Trek: The Next Generation continued to have the Klingon as a group similar to the army but they made the Klingon fighter follow rules similar to bushido, military Japanese rules for behavior valuing honor above life.

Sources 

Star Trek
Fictional races
Right-handedness

Someone who is right-handed will use their right-hand for everyday activities, such as writing, keeping personal hygiene, cooking and more. According to a studies, anywhere from 70% to 90% of the world population is right-handed, while most of the remaining are left-handed. A small percentage of the population can use both hands equally well; a person with this ability is called a ambidextrous.

Related pages
Handedness

References 

Motor skills
Nurgle

In the fictional universes of Warhammer 40,000 and Warhammer Fantasy, Nurgle is one of the four major Chaos gods.  Like his brother gods, Nurgle grew from a single survivalist emotion: in his case, the emotion was despair. Nurgle is the Chaos god of disease, decay, despair and destruction.  Even though the nature of his influence, he begins to like his victims, caring for them in a jovial manner close to a loving grandfather; so he is commonly called Grandfather Nurgle or Papa Nurgle. He is also called the Lord of Decay, Master of Plague and Pestilence and Lord of All.  He is shown as a huge, bloated humanoid, with boils and sores, his body completely rotten from disease.  He is usually with an enveloping cloud of buzzing flies.

Other websites 
 Nurgle information and message boards

Video game characters

fr:Divinités de Warhammer#Nurgle
it:Caos (Warhammer)#Nurgle
fi:Warhammer-universumi#Jumalat
sv:Chaos (Warhammer)#Nurgle
Zaurus

The Sharp Zaurus is the name of a series of Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) made by Sharp Corporation.

References

Computers
Palatine, Illinois

Palatine is a village in the state of Illinois. It is north west of Chicago, the biggest city in Illinois. In 2000, the number of people in Palatine was counted and was 65,479. There were 68,557 people in Palatine in 2010.

History

Palatine was made in 1866, close to a train station that went to Chicago and other cities. The village has been growing a lot since the 1970s, like the other cities around Chicago.

People

Palatine has many different kinds of people. There are poor, normal, and rich people in the village. Some say there are over 100 languages spoken in Palatine.

Education

Palatine has a lot of schools for the people. Palatine has two high schools, Palatine High School and William Fremd High School; and a college, William Rainey Harper College. The high schools, as well as the library, have gotten big awards from the whole country.

There are nine public elementary schools:

Jane Addams School 
Hunting Ridge School 
Marion Jordan School 
Lake Louise School 
Lincoln School 
Pleasant Hill School 
Stuart R. Paddock School 
Gray M. Sanborn School 
Virginia Lake School

There is also a combined kindergarten-through-eighth grade school, Winston Campus, which is Winston Churchill School and Winston Park Junior High combined.

Palatine also has three preschool-through-eighth grade schools:

Saint Theresa (Catholic)
Saint Thomas of Villanova (Catholic) 
Immanuel Lutheran (Lutheran)

References

Villages in Illinois
Suburbs of Chicago, Illinois
Settlements in Cook County, Illinois
1866 establishments in the United States
1860s establishments in Illinois
Mankind

Mankind may mean:

 The human race
The total number of humans

Individuals 
 Mick Foley (born 1965), professional wrestler known as Mankind

Music 
 "Mankind", a song by Pearl Jam from their 1996 album No Code
 Mankind (Alice Cooper song), a 2005 song performed by Alice Cooper for the soundtrack of BloodRayne (film)

Other 
 Mankind (play), a 15th-century morality play 
 Mankind (video game), a 1998 massively multiplayer online real-time strategy game

Related pages
 Humanity (disambiguation)
Province of Monza and Brianza

The Province of Monza and Brianza (in the local idiom: "Pruincia de Munscia e Briansa") is a province of Lombardy, Italy. It was created (with part of the province of Milan) on May 12, 2004, but became effective in 2009. It has an area of 405.49 km² and a population (2010 census) of 850,321.

Communes of the Province of Monza and Brianza 
A list of its 55 communes follows:

Other websites 
 Official page from the Province of Monza and Brianza website

Provinces of Lombardy
Apulanta

Apulanta is a rock band from Finland. It was started in 1991.

Apulanta's first music album was Attack of the AL People, which was released in 1994.

Members 

 Toni Wirtanen - vocals and guitar
 Simo "Sipe" Santapukki - drums and vocals
 Sami "Parta-Sami" Lehtinen - bass guitar and vocals

Albums 
 Attack of the AL People (1994)
 Ehjä (1996)
 Kolme (1997)
 Aivan kuin kaikki muutkin (1998)
 Plastik (2000)
 Heinola 10 (2001)
 Hiekka (2002)
 Kiila (2005)
 Eikä vielä ole edes ilta (2007)
 Kuutio (kuinka aurinko voitettiin) (2008)
 Kaikki kolmesta pahasta (2012)
 Kunnes siitä tuli totta'' (2015)

Other websites 

 Apulanta's official web page

Finnish musical groups
Rock bands
Heavy metal bands
Punk bands
Musical groups established in 1991
1991 establishments in Europe
20th-century establishments in Finland
Al-Andalus

Al-Andalus (Arabic: الأندلس) was the Arabic name given to those parts of the Iberian Peninsula governed by Muslims, or Moors, at various times in the period between 711 and 1492. As a political domain or domains, it was successively a province of the Umayyad Caliphate, the Caliphate of Córdoba (929-1031), and finally the Caliphate of Córdoba's taifa (successor) kingdoms. For large parts of its history, particularly under the Caliphate of Córdoba, Andalus was famous for learning and the city of Córdoba became one of the leading cultural and economic centers in both the Mediterranean basin and the Islamic world.

This civilization was quite advanced at architecture and urban planning. The Moors were very wealthy because they controlled the gold trade from the Ghana Empire in West Africa. They built many beautiful buildings in all the land they controlled. Many of their large buildings still stand in cities in Andalusia, such as in Seville, Granada, and Cordoba.

Muslim Spain was multicultural and comparatively tolerant; Jews, Christians and Muslims lived side by side.  There was also a saqaliba population (the descendants of European slaves) near the Mediterranean coast. Though these people were at first brought in to be slaves, some of them became generals (as did some Mamluks in another caliphate) and some generals became rulers of their own cities (taifas) for a short time.

In 1236, the Reconquista (gradual Christian reconquest) under the forces of Ferdinand III of Castile progressed as far as the last remaining Islamic stronghold, Granada. Granada was reduced to a vassal state to Castile for the next 256 years, until January 2, 1492, when Boabdil surrendered complete control of Granada to Ferdinand and Isabella.

Related pages

 Umayyad Caliphate
 Islamic Golden Age
 History of Islam
 History of Spain
 Berber people
 Andalusia
 Moors

Footnotes

Bibliography 
An Islamic History of Europe . video documentary, BBC 4, August 2005.
 Stavans, Ilan. 2003. The Scroll and the Cross: 1,000 Years of Jewish-Hispanic Literature. London: Routledge. 
 Wasserstein, David J. 1995. Jewish élites in Al-Andalus. In Daniel Frank (Ed.). The Jews of Medieval Islam: Community, Society and Identity. Brill.

Films 
 Cities of Light: The Rise and Fall of Islamic Spain (Unity Productions Foundation documentary)

Other websites 
 Paper by Georg Bossong evaluating proposals for the etymology of "al-Andalus".  In German.
 Photocopy of the Ajbar Machmu'a, translated by Lafuente 1867
 The routes of al-Andalus (from the UNESCO web site)
 Muslim contributions to Andalus
 History and influences of Andalusian music
 The Library of Iberian Resources Online
 Al-Andalus Chronology and Photos 

History of Portugal
History of Spain
Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib

`Abbas ibn `Abd al-Muttalib  () (c. 566 – c. 653) was a uncle and companion of Muhammad.

Key Facts 

 He was only born a few years before his nephew Muhammad, and was one of Muhammad's father's youngest brothers.
 The Abbasid dynasty claimed the title of caliph (literally "successor to the prophet") through his son Abdullah ibn Abbas.
 He is buried in Medina.

Background 
Muhammad had 10 or 11 uncles. Four of them earned a great name in history - Abu Talib, Abu Lahab, Hamza and Abbas. Abu Talib became important because he brought up his orphan nephew,  Muhammad, with great love and care and always supported and protected him. Abu Lahab  is famous because he tried to destroy Islam. Both Hamza and  ‘Abbas became Muslims and remained firm and strong in their faith in Islam.

566 births
653 deaths
Muslims
Aung San

Aung San (13 February 1915 – 19 July 1947) was a Burmese revolutionary, nationalist, general, and politician. He was the father of Nobel Peace laureate Aung San Suu Kyi.

Burmese people
Assassinated people
1915 births
1947 deaths
Kitakyūshū

is a city designated by government ordinance in Fukuoka Prefecture, Kyūshū, Japan.  It was known as a region before neighboring cities grew together.

It is a very important industrial city.  It has steel factories,  coal mines and car factories.

In Japan, it is an important city in reducing pollution.  It also has an important recycling facility.

Kitakyūshū has a population of almost one million people.

It is on the main Shinkansen line between Fukuoka and Tokyo.

History
The city was named Kitakyūshū in 1963, after five cities were made into one.  These cities were Moji, Tobata, Yahata, Kokura and Wakamatsu.

Wards 
Kitakyūshū has seven wards (ku):

Sister cities 
 Dalian, China
 Incheon, South Korea
 Norfolk, Virginia, United States
 Tacoma, Washington, United States

Education

Research institutes and graduate schools 
Kitakyushu Science and Research Park(北九州学術研究都市)
Fukuoka University Institute for Recycling & Environmental Control System(福岡大学大学院工学研究科 資源循環・環境制御システム研究所)
Graduate School of Life Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology(九州工業大学 大学院生命体工学研究科)
The Graduate School of Information, Production and Systems/Information, Production and Systems Research Center, Waseda University(早稲田大学大学院 情報生産システム研究科 情報生産システム研究センター)

Universities and colleges 
National University
Kyushu Institute of Technology (九州工業大学)

Public universities
Kyushu Dental College (九州歯科大学)
University of Kitakyushu (北九州市立大学)

Private Universities
Kyushu International University(九州国際大学)
Kyushu Kyoritsu University (九州共立大学)
Kyushu Nutrition Welfare University(九州栄養福祉大学)
Kyushu Polytechnic College(九州職業能力開発大学校)
Kyushu Women's University (九州女子大学)
Seinan Women's University(西南女学院大学)
The University of Environmental & Occupational Health Japan(産業医科大学)

Colleges
Higashi Chikushi Junior College(東筑紫短期大学)
Kyushu Women’s Junior College(九州女子短期大学)
Orio Aishin Junior College(折尾愛真短期大学)
Seinan Jo Gakuin University Junior College(西南女学院大学短期大学部)

Related pages
 Kitakyushu Municipal Museum of Art
 Giravanz Kitakyushu

References

Other websites 

 Official website  in Japanese
 Official website  in English
 Kitakyushu page of Fukuoka Prefecture Tourism Association website 
 Kitakyushu Science and Research Park
 CCA Kitakyushu 
 Kitakyushu Film Commission 
 Kitakyushu International Association  produces Himawari  – a monthly newsletter
 Kitakyushu Kicks – an unofficial English language website about Kitakyushu
 www.e-you.biz  – a website for foreigners in Kitakyushu
 Kitakyushu weather 
 Kitakyushu guide – some tourist maps about Kitakyushu

 
1963 establishments in Japan
I Now Pronounce You Chuck and Larry

I Now Pronounce You Chuck & Larry (a.k.a. Chuck and Larry) is a 2007 American comedy movie. It was directed by Dennis Dugan and stars Adam Sandler and Kevin James. It is about two heterosexual male firefighters in New York City who marry each other.

Release dates

Cast 
 Adam Sandler as Charles Todd "Chuck" Levine
 Kevin James as Lawrence Arthur "Larry" Valentine
 Jessica Biel as Alex McDonough
 Ving Rhames as Fred G. Duncan
 Nick Swardson as Kevin McDonough
 Steve Buscemi as Clinton Fitzer
 Dan Aykroyd as Captain Phineas J. Tucker
 Nicholas Turturro as Renaldo Pinera
 Richard Chamberlain as Councilman Banks
 Mary Pat Gleason as Teresa
 Rachel Dratch as Sara Powers
 Matt Winston as Glen Aldrich
 Peter Dante as Tony Paroni
 Cole Morgen as Eric Valentine
 Shelby Adamowski as Tori Valentine

Other websites
 

2007 comedy movies
2000s LGBT movies
2000s sex comedy movies
American LGBT movies
American sex comedy movies
English-language movies
LGBT comedy movies

Movies set in New York City
Movies directed by Dennis Dugan
Knocked Up

Knocked Up is a 2007 American romantic sex comedy movie. It was directed by Judd Apatow, and stars Seth Rogen as Ben Stone and Katherine Heigl as Alison Scott. She becomes pregnant unintentionally due to a one-night stand with him.

Release Dates

DVD released 
Knocked Up: Unrated cut edition DVD is in September 30, 2008.

Music 
Strange Weirdos: Music From and Inspired by the Film Knocked Up, an original soundtrack album, was composed for the film by folk singer-songwriter Loudon Wainwright III and Joe Henry. However, the movie's lead song "Daughter" was written by Peter Blegvad.

In addition to Wainwright's tracks, there were approximately 40 songs featured in the motion picture that were not included on the official soundtrack on Concord Records.

Some of the songs featured in Knocked Up are:
"We Are Nowhere and It's Now" – Bright Eyes (feat. Emmylou Harris)
"All Night" by Damien Marley
"Stand up tall" by Dizzee Rascal
"Rock Lobster" by The B-52's
"Gives You Hell" by The All-American Rejects
"Police On My Back" by The Clash
"Biggest Part of Me" by Ambrosia
"Smile" by Lily Allen
"Girl" by Beck
"King without a Crown" by Matisyahu
"Toxic" by Britney Spears
"Santeria" by Sublime
"Tropicana" by Ratatat
"Shimmy Shimmy Ya" by Ol' Dirty Bastard
"Love Plus One" by Haircut One Hundred
"Rock You Like a Hurricane" by Scorpions
"Reminiscing" by Little River Band
"Ashamed" by Tommy Lee
"Swing" by Savage (featured in the menu section of the DVD)
"Shame on a Nigga" by Wu-Tang Clan (used in the film's trailer)
"Grey in LA" by Loudon Wainwright III
"End of the Line" by Traveling Wilburys (used in the film's trailer)

References

Other websites
 Movie website
 
 

2007 comedy movies
2007 romance movies
2000s romantic comedy movies
2000s sex comedy movies
American romantic comedy movies
American sex comedy movies
English-language movies
Movies about couples
Movies about drugs
Movies about sisters
Movies set in Los Angeles
Pregnancy movies
Universal Pictures movies
Movies directed by Judd Apatow
Hellboy II: The Golden Army

Hellboy II: The Golden Army is a 2008 movie. It was directed by Guillermo del Toro and stars Ron Perlman.

This movie is a sequel to Hellboy.

References

Other websites
 
 
 

American fantasy movies
2008 movies
2000s fantasy movies
German movies
Hellboy movies
Hungarian movies
English-language movies
Movies directed by Guillermo del Toro
Screenplays by Guillermo del Toro
2000s apocalyptic movies
American superhero movies
Liar Liar

Liar Liar is a 1997 American fantasy comedy movie set in Los Angeles, California. It was directed by Tom Shadyac. It stars Jim Carrey as a lawyer whose son makes a birthday wish that he cannot tell any more lies.

Cast 
Jim Carrey as Fletcher Reede
Maura Tierney as Audrey Reede
Justin Cooper as Max Reede
Cary Elwes as Jerry
Anne Haney as Greta
Jennifer Tilly as Samantha Cole
Amanda Donohoe as Miranda
Jason Bernard as Judge Marshall Stevens
Swoosie Kurtz as Dana Appleton
Mitchell Ryan as Mr. Allan
Christopher Mayer as Kenneth Falk
Eric Pierpoint as Richard Cole
Randall "Tex" Cobb as Skull
Cheri Oteri as Jane
SW Fisher as Pete
Eric Sharp as Sharpo the Clown
Krista Allen as Elevator Girl
Don Keefer as Ben Develing
Michael Kostroff as Tom the Attorney

Other websites

1997 comedy movies
1997 romance movies
1990s fantasy-comedy movies
1990s legal movies
Adultery in movies
American fantasy-comedy movies
American legal movies
American romantic comedy movies
English-language movies
Movies about divorce
Movies about dysfunctional families
Movies about wish fulfillment
Movies set in Los Angeles
Universal Pictures movies
Happy Gilmore

Happy Gilmore is a 1996 American sports comedy movie. It was directed by Dennis Dugan, and stars Adam Sandler. The movie got positive reviews.

Cast
 Adam Sandler as Happy Gilmore, a high-strung former hockey player who discovers a unique talent for golf.
 Christopher McDonald as Shooter McGavin, an arrogant golfer who is one of the top stars of the Pro Golf Tour.
 Julie Bowen as Virginia Venit, a public relations director for the Pro Golf Tour.
 Frances Bay as Grandma Gilmore.
 Carl Weathers as Chubbs Peterson, a pro golfer who was forced to retire early when his hand was bitten off by an alligator. Weathers reprises the role in Sandler's 2000 film Little Nicky, despite Little Nicky being produced by New Line Cinema.
 Allen Covert as Otto, a homeless man who becomes Happy's caddy. The character is unnamed in the film (although his name is revealed in a deleted scene but is listed in the end credits). Covert reprises the role in Sandler's 2011 film Jack and Jill.
 Kevin Nealon as Gary Potter, an eccentric pro who Happy plays with in his first tournament.
 Peter Kelamis as Gary Potter's caddy.
 Richard Kiel as Mr. Larson, Happy's towering former boss.
 Dennis Dugan as Doug Thompson, the commissioner of the Pro Golf Tour.
 Joe Flaherty as Donald, an unruly fan hired by Shooter to distract Happy.
 Jared Van Snellenberg as Happy Gilmore's caddy at the Waterbury Open.
 Will Sasso as mover
 Lee Trevino as himself
 Bob Barker as himself
 Verne Lundquist as himself
 Mark Lye as himself
 Ben Stiller as Hal L. (uncredited), the sadistic orderly running the nursing home

Awards and nominations

References

Other websites

 
 
 
 
 

1996 comedy movies
1990s sports movies
American sports comedy movies
English-language movies
Screenplays by Adam Sandler
Universal Pictures movies
Movies directed by Dennis Dugan
Apollo 13

Apollo 13 was the seventh mission of NASA's Project Apollo and the third crewed lunar-lander mission. The flight was commanded by Jim Lovell.  The other astronauts on board were Jack Swigert and Fred Haise.

The craft was launched successfully toward the Moon, but two days after launch a faulty oxygen tank exploded, and the Service Module became damaged, causing a loss of oxygen and electrical power. There was a very large chance that the astronauts would die before they could return to Earth. They were very short of oxygen. Oxygen is not just used to breathe; on the Apollo spacecraft it was used in a device called a Fuel cell to generate electricity. So they conserved their remaining air by turning off almost all their electrical equipment, for example heaters. It became very cold in the spacecraft.

In order to stay alive the astronauts also had to move into the Apollo Lunar Module and make it work as a sort of "lifeboat".

When they approached the Earth they were not sure that their parachutes, needed to slow the Command Module down, would work. The parachutes were thrown out by small explosive charges that were fired by batteries. The cold could have made the batteries fail, in which case the parachutes would not work and the Command Module would hit the ocean so fast that all aboard would be killed.

The flight 

Apollo blasted off on the April 11, 1970 at 19:13 UTC from Cape Canaveral and went into temporary low Earth orbit. Two hours later they fired the rocket motor again to go towards the Moon. They wanted to land at Fra Mauro. Despite the hardships, the crew made it back to Earth. Though the crew did not land on the Moon, the flight became very well known.

Some people regarded it as a failure because they did not land on the Moon. However, others thought it was possibly the National Aeronautics and Space Administrations' (NASA's) greatest accomplishment in returning three men in a very damaged spacecraft back to Earth safely.

Coming up to re-entry, it was thought that the electrical equipment would short circuit because the water in the astronauts' breath had turned back into a liquid all over the computers. However, the electronics were fine.

Books were written about the event, for example one by Jim Lovell, the commander of the mission. A movie was also made about it, directed by Ron Howard and starring Tom Hanks.

Related pages 
 Apollo program
 NASA

References

Other websites 

Apollo program
Apollo 13 (movie)

Apollo 13 is a 1995 drama movie about the failed Apollo 13 mission. It was directed by Ron Howard, and starred Tom Hanks.

Other websites
 
 

1990s adventure movies
1995 drama movies
American adventure movies
American drama movies
Best Picture Oscar
English-language movies
Movies based on books
Movies directed by Ron Howard
Universal Pictures movies
Simon Pegg

Simon John Pegg (né Beckingham, born 14 February 1970) is an English actor, comedian, director, producer and screenwriter. His best known roles are Spaced, Shaun of the Dead, Hot Fuzz, Paul and the Ice Age franchise. He is also known for working with Nick Frost.

Personal life
Pegg married Maureen McCann on 23 July 2005. On 21 February 2009, Pegg said his wife was five months pregnant with the couple's first child. Their daughter Matilda was born early July 2009. Pegg has said on his personal Twitter feed that he is an atheist.

Along with Jonny Buckland, Pegg is godfather to Apple, daughter of close friends Chris Martin and Gwyneth Paltrow. In return Martin is godfather to Pegg's daughter. Pegg's parents and sister briefly appeared in Spaced. His mother was in both Shaun of the Dead and Hot Fuzz.

Pegg was awarded an honorary fellowship by the University of Gloucestershire on 4 December 2008.

Filmography

Television

Movies

References

Other websites

1970 births
Living people
Actors from Gloucestershire
British atheists
English comedians
English movie actors
English movie directors
English movie producers
English screenwriters
English television actors
English television writers
English voice actors
Writers from Gloucestershire
Béla Lugosi

Béla Lugosi (20 October 1882 – 16 August 1956) born in what is now Lugoj, Romania, was a Hungarian-American actor of the theatre and movies. He is best known for playing Count Dracula in the Broadway play and the movie version.  He was a character actor who played many different kinds of roles, but was most often seen in horror movies including White Zombie. He is one of the first actors to enter drug rehabilitation for a drug addiction. In the last years of his career he acted in several low-budget B-movies, some by director Ed Wood. He died in Los Angeles, California of a heart attack when he was 73 years old.

Bela G. Lugosi is his son.

Other websites 

1882 births
1956 deaths
American movie actors
American silent movie actors
American stage actors
Cardiovascular disease deaths in Los Angeles
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Hungarian movie actors
Hungarian stage actors
Ratatouille (movie)

Ratatouille (; French: ) is a 2007 animated movie directed by Brad Bird. It stars Patton Oswalt, Lou Romano, Peter Sohn, Brad Garrett, Janeane Garofalo, Ian Holm, Brian Dennehy and Peter O'Toole. The movie is about a rat who wants to become a dead rat. He befriends a human who works at the restaurant in Paris. It was made by Pixar Animation Studios and it was distributed by Walt Disney Pictures.

Jad Pinkava actually wrote the original ideas in 2001, but in 2005 Brad Bird was asked to direct the movie instead. He and some crew members also visited France to get some new ideas. The crew consulted (took advice of) chefs from France and the United States. It premiered on June 22, 2007 at the Kodak Theater. It was generally shown in other theaters on June 29 2007. It earned $623.7 million at the box office and got good reviews. It later won the Academy Award for Best Animated Feature

Cast
 Patton Oswalt as Remy
 Ian Holm as Skinner
 Lou Romano as Alfredo Linguini
 Brian Dennehy as Django
 Peter Sohn as Emile
 Peter O'Toole as Anton Ego
 Brad Garrett as Auguste Gusteau
 Janeane Garofalo as Colette Tatou
 Will Arnett as Horst
 Julius Callahan as Lalo/Francois
 James Remar as Larousse
 John Ratzenberger as Mustafa
 Teddy Newton as Talon Labarthe
 Tony Fucile as Health 
 Veida The Turtle Who Likes Wearing Hats
 Robert Williams The Scary Ghost
Inspector/Pompidou
 Jake Steinfeld as Git
 Brad Bird as Ambrister Minion
 Stéphane Roux as Narrator
 Thomas Keller as Dining Patron

Soundtrack 
 Le Festin by Camille
 That's Amore by Dean Martin
 Non, je regrette rien by Édith Piaf
 A New Day Has Come by Celine Dion
 Excuse My French by 2Be3

References

Other websites
 

2007 movies
2007 animated movies
2007 computer-animated movies
Movies about animals
Movies composed by Michael Giacchino
Movies directed by Brad Bird
Movies set in Paris
Movies that won the Best Animated Feature Academy Award
Pixar movies
Hot Fuzz

Hot Fuzz is a 2007 British-French action-comedy movie. It was directed by Edgar Wright, who co-wrote it with Simon Pegg. The movie stars Pegg and Nick Frost. It is set in Gloucestershire.

References

Other websites

2007 comedy movies
2007 action movies
2000s buddy movies
2000s criminal comedy movies
2000s parody movies
2000s serial killer movies
Action comedy movies
British action movies
British buddy movies
British comedy movies
British criminal comedy movies
Buddy comedy movies
Buddy cop movies
English-language movies
French action movies
French comedy movies
Gloucestershire
Movies directed by Edgar Wright
Shaun of the Dead

Shaun of the Dead is a 2004 British-French zombie-themed romantic comedy movie. It is set in London. The movie was directed by Edgar Wright, who co-wrote it with Simon Pegg. It stars Pegg and Nick Frost.

References

Other websites
 

2004 comedy movies
2004 horror movies
British horror movies
British romantic comedy movies
French comedy movies
French horror movies
Comedy horror movies
Movies set in London
Zombie movies
British comedy movies
2000s apocalyptic movies
Movies directed by Edgar Wright
Palace of Westminster

The Palace of Westminster, also known as the Houses of Parliament or Westminster Palace, in London, is where the two Houses of the Parliament of the United Kingdom meet.

In 1605, Guy Fawkes attempted to blow the Palace up.  He was caught and later executed.  This was called the Gunpowder Plot, and is celebrated on 5 November every year.

The original building was used as a palace and home to the Parliament of England. After a fire in 1834, the building was used as a Parliament building.

Westminster Palace, Westminster Abbey and Saint Margaret's Church make up a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Westminster Palace is an example of Gothic Revival architecture.

References

Other websites

 Parliament.uk, Palace of Westminster  
  Westminster Abbey website
 St Margaret's Church

Buildings and structures in London
Royal residences in the United Kingdom
World Heritage Sites in the United Kingdom
11th-century establishments in Europe
Establishments in England
Government buildings
Colin Montgomery

Colin Montgomery OBE (born 23 June 1963) is a Scottish professional golfer on the PGA Tour. He was born in Glasgow but raised in Yorkshire.

1963 births
Living people
British golfers
Sportspeople from Glasgow
Sportspeople from Yorkshire
North American video game crash of 1983

The North American video game crash of 1983 was a major event in the history of video games where the North American video game industry had crashed. Many makers of home computers and video game consoles went bankrupt. Many business analysts thought that the video game industry would not last, and the crash lasted for several years. However, the Japanese company Nintendo introduced the Nintendo Entertainment System in 1985, which became very popular in 1987 and ended the crash.

There were several reasons for the crash, but the main reason was that companies were making many consoles and hundreds of games, most which were low quality. The video game version of ET: The Extra Terrestrial is often blamed for the crash.

1983 in North America
Video game companies
Kirby's Dream Land 2

Kirby's Dream Land 2, known in Japan as  is a platform video game made by HAL Laboratory and published by Nintendo for the Game Boy game console.

D
Game Boy games
1994 video games
Platform games
Kirby's Dream Land

Kirby's Dream Land, called  in Japan, is a platform video game made by HAL Laboratory, Inc. and published by Nintendo for the Game Boy.

Plot
King Dedede steals all the food from Dream Land. Now, Kirby has to get it back from him.

Other websites

References

1992 video games
Game Boy games
D
Platform games
Wii Fit

Wii Fit is an exercise video game made by Nintendo for the Wii video game console.

Two sequels were released for the game. Wii Fit Plus was released for the Wii in 2009. Wii Fit U was released for the Wii U in 2014.

Gameplay
The game requires players to use an object called the Wii Balance Board to play. There are many different exercises and games. These are split into four categories - yoga, strength training, aerobics, and balance games.

The Yoga and Strength Training modes have a character called the Wii Fit Trainer. This character guides the players through the exercises. The player can choose between a male or a female trainer. 
They were later added to Super Smash Bros. for Nintendo 3DS and Wii U and Super Smash Bros. Ultimate, as a fighter in those games.

Development
The game was released in Japan on December 1, 2007.

References

Wii-only games
2007 video games
Nintendo Entertainment Analysis and Development games
Toyota Highlander

The Toyota Highlander is a medium-sized crossover sport utility vehicle sold by Toyota. The Highlander is on the Camry platform and shares the Camry's parts including the engine. The Highlander was redesigned in 2008 and Toyota sells the Highlander in Australia and Japan as the Kluger. it has a v6 or 4 cylinder engine. The Highlander's competitors are the Nissan Pathfinder, Chevrolet Traverse, Hyundai Santa Fe and the Ford Explorer.

Toyota
Toyota Yaris

The Toyota Yaris is a small automobile made and sold by Toyota since 1999. It is sold as the Toyota Belta, Toyota Vios, and Toyota Vitz. The Yaris is sold as a 3-door and 5-door hatchback and 4-door sedan. It is currently in its third generation. The first generation Yaris was known as the Toyota Echo in some markets. A distinctive feature of the first generation in many markets was a digital instrument display which glows out of a black hole in the centre of the dashboard. The second generation model arrived in 2005 and the current third generation has been on sale since 2011. 

The Yaris IV is presented in October 2019 before the opening of the 2019 Tokyo Motor Show for commercialization in early 2020.

Yaris
1990s automobiles
2000s automobiles
Chrono Trigger

is a role-playing video game made by Square Soft for the Super NES game console.

Plot
Chrono Trigger follows a young boy named Crono, who goes to see the Millennial Fair. He meets a girl named Marle at the fair and she follows him. Crono's friend, named Lucca, tests a teleporter at the fair. The machine goes wrong, and sends them back in time. They soon meet new friends and discover more time periods to go to. However, they find out an evil monster named Lavos is destroying the world. It is up to Crono and his friends to stop it.

Gameplay
Chrono Trigger is a role-playing game. It was one of the first games to let the player see the enemies on the world before they fight them, and when he or she goes into a battle, the enemies and characters fight without going into a separate battle screen like other RPGs like Final Fantasy and Dragon Quest did at the time.

Reception
Chrono Trigger is thought to be one of the best Super NES games, and one of the best role-playing games too. It got great reviews, praising it for its story, gameplay, and innovation.

Re-releases
Chrono Trigger was first re-released on the PlayStation with Final Fantasy IV on Final Fantasy Chronicles. It was given good reviews, but reviewers were unhappy with the long load times whenever going into a menu or battle. Chrono Trigger was re-released for the Nintendo DS as Chrono Trigger DS. It has the same graphics and extras from the PlayStation version along with other extras such as new dungeons.

References

Other websites
 Official Japanese website
 Official English website
 The Chrono Wiki
 Chrono Trigger Walkthrough

1995 video games
PlayStation games
Super Nintendo Entertainment System games
Video games with time travel
Suzuki Sidekick

The Suzuki Sidekick and Suzuki Grand Vitara are sport utility vehicles made by Suzuki. They were sold since 1988 when they replaced the small Suzuki Samurai. It was sold by General Motors from 1989 to 2004 as the Geo Tracker. The vehicle is sold in other countries as the  Suzuki Escudo.

Suzuki automobiles
Hino Motors

Hino Motors, Ltd. (日野自動車, Hino Jidōsha,  ), also called Hino, is a manufacturer of diesel trucks, buses, and other vehicles based in Tokyo, Japan. It is a subsidiary of Toyota Motor Corporation.

Other websites 
 Company website 

Toyota
1942 establishments
1940s establishments in Japan
Angrboða

In Norse mythology, Angrboða (Old Norse "the one who brings grief" or "she-who-offers-sorrow") is a giantess. She is the wife of Loki and mother of the serpent Jörmungandr, the wolf Fenrir and the goddess Hel.

Norse mythology
Marionette

A marionette is a puppet that people control with strings called a manipulator from above.

References

Puppets
Spencer Tunick

Spencer Tunick (born January 1, 1967) is an American artist. Tunick is mostly known because he does temporary site-specific installations. In these installation, many people pose nude. Most of the installations are done in a urban setting. The people posing for Tunick, the models are volunteers. Usually they receive a signed copy of the image as a reward for posing.

Other websites 

 Spencer Tunick - official website
 Spencer's Art - Spencer's installations at www.artnet.com
 DREAM AMSTERDAM - official website of Dream Amsterdam Foundation, the commissioner of Spencer Tunick's installations in The Netherlands, 2007
 BBC News story about Tunick's installations for DREAM AMSTERDAM
 In the studio: Spencer Tunick  - London Daily Telegraph interview
 Around Noon: Spencer Tunick - The Naked Truth  - NPR radio diary
 Hundreds Go Nude for Global Warming  - The Crazy News Blog
  'Spencer Tunick: about art and transgression' - article
 The Spencer Tunick Experience

1967 births
Living people
American artists
Lisieux Cathedral

Lisieux Cathedral () is a cathedral in Lisieux. It is devoted to Saint Peter. It is built in the gothic style.

Other websites 
Location of the Lisieux Cathedral

Roman Catholic Cathedrals
Cathedrals in France
Normandy
Nihon Shoki

, also known as the , is an early book about the history of Japan up to 720 A.D.  It is one of the national history books which are together called the Rikkokushi.

History
Nihon Shoki is the second oldest book of classical Japanese mythology and history.  It includes details that are not in the Kojiki, which is the oldest historical record of ancient Japan.

This book is important to people who study the history of Japan because it has information about the early rulers not found in other books.

Dates in the Nihon Shoki before the late 7th century were likely recorded using the Genka calendar system.

Related pages 
 Nihon Odai Ichiran
 Shoku Nihongi

References

Further reading

 Sakamoto, Tarō. (1991). The Six National Histories of Japan (tr. John S. Brownlee). Tokyo: University of Tokyo Press.

History of Japan
Japanese mythology
Shinto
StarCraft II

StarCraft II  is a military science fiction real-time strategy video game that is made by Blizzard Entertainment for personal computers. It is the sequel to the award-winning StarCraft. It's expansion, Starcraft II: Heart of the Swarm is Blizzard's next highly anticipated release of the series.

References 

MacOS games
Real-time strategy video games
StarCraft
Windows games
Enron

Enron Creditors Recovery Corporation (formerly Enron Corporation, NYSE ticker symbol ENE) was an American energy company based in Houston, Texas. Enron used to have around 22,000 people before it went bankrupt in late 2001. In 2001, it was revealed that people in Enron were involved in accounting fraud. The company closed in 2007.

1985 establishments in the United States

2007 disestablishments in the United States

Companies based in Houston
Defunct companies of the United States
Ethics
Kenneth Lay

Kenneth Lee Lay (April 15, 1942 – July 5, 2006) was an American businessman and fraudster. He is best known for being involved in the Enron scandal. Lay was indicted by a grand jury in Houston, Texas, for his role in Enron's collapse and was charged with 11 counts of securities fraud, wire fraud, and making false and misleading statements.

On May 25, 2006, he was found guilty on all six counts of conspiracy and fraud by a jury of eight women and four men and in a separate bench trial, The judge ruled that he was guilty of four counts of fraud and false statements. The sentencing was scheduled to take place on 11 September 2006, but it was later rescheduled for 23 October 2006. The scheduled sentencing never took place because Lay died of a heart attack while vacationing in Snowmass, Colorado on July 5, 2006.

References

Other websites
Kenneth Lay at nndb.com

1942 births
2006 deaths
American fraudsters
Cardiovascular disease deaths in the United States
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Businesspeople from Missouri
Allele frequency

Allele frequency refers to the different forms of a gene at a single  position on a chromosome. It is the proportion of a given allele to all alleles at the same locus. It is usually expressed as a percentage.

Allele frequencies may be used to describe genetic diversity in a population. If the frequency of any allele is above 1% it is probable that natural selection is maintaining it at this level. This is because the natural mutation rate of an allele is almost always much lower than 1%.

A fixed allele is one allele that exists for a particular population.  A fixed allele is homozygous for all members of the population.

The term allele refers to one variant gene out of several possible for a particular locus in the DNA. When all but one allele go away, one only remains.  That allele is said to be fixed.

References 

Classical genetics
Belchamp Otten

Belchamp Otten is a village and civil parish in Essex, England. It is about 7 km (4 miles) west of Sudbury, Suffolk and is 36 km (23 miles) north-northeast from the county town of Chelmsford.  It is near Belchamp St Paul and Belchamp Walter.  The village is in the district of Braintree and in the parliamentary constituency of Saffron Walden.  The parish is part of the Stour Valley North parish cluster.

References

Civil parishes in Essex
Villages in Essex