cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
FC Twente

FC Twente is a football club from Enschede in the Netherlands. They play in the Eredivisie and also in the UEFA Champions League.

Twente plays its games in the Grolsch Veste (a capacity of 30 000).

FC Twente currently holds the national cup and the Johan Cruijff Schaal. In season 2010/11 they ended second in the league.

History 
FC Twente was founded on 1 July 1965 as a combination of Sportclub Enschede and Enschedes Boys. The two professional football teams in Enschede at that time (Sportclub Enschede and Enschedese Boys) had both money problems and were forced to merge. FC Twente started in the Eredivisie (highest Dutch league) and within a few years they were part of the top of Dutch football. Between 1970 and 1980 they came close to several prizes, but they always lost the final. In 1974 the ended second in the Eredivisie and in 1975 the lost the Dutch cup final as well as the UEFA Cup final (after beating Juventus in the semi-final). Only in 1978 they won the Dutch Cup (by beating PEC Zwolle in the final with 3-0). In the next decade (1980-1990) the club went down hill, with the relegation to the Eerste Divisie (second tier of Dutch football) in 1983 as all-time low. Twente was back in the Eredivisie within a year however. In the nineties Twente played a modest role in Dutch football, usually ending around the 5th place in the Eredivisie. 
In the first decade of the 21st century the golden era started. In 2001 FC Twente won the Dutch cup by beating PSV Eindhoven in the final with a penalty shootout. This victory caused huge celebrations in the eastern part of the Netherlands. This showed the popularity of the club in the region, eventhough FC Twente almost never wins a prize. In 2003 the club almost went bankrupt and Joop Munsterman took over as chairman. He understood the potential of this club and developed a plan to increase the sportive, economic and social capacity of Twente. In 2008 the stadium size was increased from 13,500 to 24,000 seats. In 2011 the stadium was further increased to 30,000 seats. FC Twente again played on the top of the Dutch league, resulting in their first national title in 2010. Also the Intertoto Cup was won in 2006, the Johan Cruijff Schaal was won in 2010 and 2011 and the Dutch cup in 2011. In these years FC Twente also started a social programm to help unemployed people to find a job, encourage handicaped people to do sports and to give away free seats in the stadium to people that cannot afford a ticket.

Trophies 
 Champion of the Netherlands (1)
 2009-10
 (runner up (4): 1973-74, 2007-08, 2008-09, 2010-11)
 Dutch Cup (3)
 1978, 2001, 2011
 (runner up (4): 1975, 1979, 2003, 2009)
 Dutch Super cup (2)
 2010, 2011
 (runner up (1): 2001)
 UEFA Cup
 (runner up (1): 1975)
 Intertoto Cup (1)
 2006

Current squad 

For recent transfers, see List of Dutch football transfers winter 2011–12 and List of Dutch football transfers summer 2012.

Out on loan 

Dutch football clubs
Enschede
James and the Giant Peach (movie)

James and the Giant Peach is a 1996 Disney animated movie and released to movie theaters by Buena Vista Pictures.

Based on Roald Dahl's novel of the same name, the movie is about a boy named James.

1996 movies
Disney animated movies
Movies based on books
English-language movies
Eddie Griffin (basketball)

Eddie Jamaal Griffin (May 30, 1982 – August 17, 2007) was an American professional basketball player. He last played for the NBA's Minnesota Timberwolves. Months later, he was killed in a car crash. He was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

References

Other websites
Career statistics at Basketball-Reference.com
NBA.com Profile - Eddie Griffin

1982 births
2007 deaths
African-American basketball players
Houston Rockets players
Minnesota Timberwolves players
Sportspeople from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
American basketball players
Target Field

Target Field is the home baseball park of the Minnesota Twins. It is in downtown Minneapolis, Minnesota. It is the team's sixth ballpark and third in Minnesota. The Twins moved to Target Field in 2010 after 28 seasons at the Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome. It is the first stadium built just for the Twins. Twins staff moved in on January 4, 2010.

References

Other websites

 Stadium site on twinsbaseball.com 
 Webcam 
 Minnesota Ballpark Authority official website
 The Twins Stadium Bill  MN State Legislature HF2480, SF2297
 Minnesota Legislative Reference Library: Baseball Stadiums 
 TwinsBallpark2010 Construction Blog
 Ballpark FAQ 

Target Corporation
Major League Baseball venues
Sports buildings in Minneapolis, Minnesota
Minnesota Twins
2010 establishments in the United States
21st-century establishments in Minnesota
Xcel Energy Center

Xcel Energy Center (also called The X) is a multi-purpose arena in Saint Paul, Minnesota, sponsored by Xcel Energy. 

It is the home of the Minnesota Wild of the National Hockey League and the former Minnesota Swarm of the National Lacrosse League.

It is owned by the city of Saint Paul and operated by Minnesota Sports & Entertainment.

It is on the same block as the RiverCentre convention facility, Roy Wilkins Auditorium, and Ordway Center for the Performing Arts.

Other websites

 Xcel Energy Center official website
 Arena map and directions

2000 establishments in the United States
Saint Paul, Minnesota
Sports buildings in the United States
Buildings and structures in Minnesota
21st-century establishments in Minnesota
Minnesota Wild
Honeycrisp

Honeycrisp is an apple cultivar that was made at the Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station's Horticultural Research Center at the  University of Minnesota, Twin Cities. Named in 1974 as the MN 1711, and released in 1991, the Honeycrisp has rapidly become a prized commercial commodity, as its sweetness, firmness, and tartness make it a good apple for eating raw. The Honeycrisp also keeps its pigment well and has a long shelf life when kept in cool, dry areas.

Related pages
Horticulture

References

Apples
Tom Pyatt

Thomas Cullum Pyatt (born February 14, 1987) is a Canadian professional ice hockey centre that played for the Ottawa Senators of the National Hockey League (NHL). He also played for the Montreal Canadiens and Tampa Bay Lightning. He has also played for the Montreal Canadiens from 2009 to 2011. He is the son of former NHL player Nelson Pyatt and brother of New York Rangers forward Taylor Pyatt.

Career statistics

References

Other websites

1987 births
American Hockey League players
Canadian ice hockey centres
ECHL players
Ice hockey people from Ontario
Living people
Montreal Canadiens players
Ontario Hockey League players
Ottawa Senators players
People from Thunder Bay
Swedish Hockey League players
Tampa Bay Lightning players
Paper mill

A paper mill is a factory that produces paper, usually using vegetable fibers or wood pulp.  Wood and other raw materials are cut into small chips and cooked with chemicals in large vessels.  The chemicals separate a substance called cellulose from the wood fibres.  The cellulose is then added with other chemicals and additives, and pressed into paper in large machines called paper machines.  Most paper is made from pine, spruce and eucalyptus.  Other things often used include rags.  

Manufacturing buildings
Industries
Paper
Louise Glück

Louise Elisabeth Glück (born April 22, 1943) is an American poet. She was born and raised in New York City. She has won many awards, including the Pulitzer Prize for Poetry in 1993 for her book The Wild Iris and National Book Award of Poetry in 2014 for her book Faithful and Virtuous Night.  She was the Poet Laureate Consultant in Poetry to the Library of Congress in 2003.  

In 2020, she was honored with the Nobel Prize in Literature.

Bibliography
Poetry
Firstborn (1968)
The House on Marshland (1975)
The Garden (1976)
Descending Figure (1980)
The Triumph of Achilles (1985)
Ararat (1990)
The Wild Iris (1992)
Mock Orange (1993)
The First Four Books of Poems (1995)
Meadowlands (1997)
Vita Nova (1999)
The Seven Ages (2001)
Averno (2006)
A Village Life (2009) (shortlisted for the 2010 International Griffin Poetry Prize)

Prose
Proofs and Theories: Essays on Poetry (1994)

References

Other websites
 Louise Glück at poets.org
 Louise Glück: Online Resources from the Library of Congress

1943 births
Living people
American Nobel Prize winners
American poets
Columbia University alumni
Jewish American academics
Jewish American writers
Jewish Nobel Prize winners
Pulitzer Prize winners
Writers from New York City
Educators from New York City
Sailing

Sailing is the craft of controlling a boat that uses the force of the wind as a source of movement. Sailing boats were very important to move cargo and people. Starting at the end of the 19th century they were gradually replaced by the boats that used steam to generate motion. Today, sailing is a hobby some people have. In some regions of the world, sailing vessels still keep their importance. 

Many military forces also have sailing vessels for the purpose of training. 

Sailing is also a competitive sport. It is one of the sports in the Olympic Games.

 
Summer Olympic sports
Ben Gibbard

Ben Gibbard (born August 11, 1976) is an American singer. He is the lead singer of the indie bands Death Cab for Cutie and The Postal Service. He is also a solo artist. He was married to actress and musician Zooey Deschanel from 2009 to 2012.

Other websites

Death Cab for Cutie's official website
20 Questions with Ben Gibbard from 2000

1976 births
Living people
Singers from Washington
Danny Lennon

Danny Lennon (born 6 April 1970) is a former footballer from Northern Ireland. He is currently the manager of Scottish Premier League side St Mirren.

References 

1970 births
Living people
Irish footballers
Chip Ganassi Racing

Chip Ganassi Racing Teams is an American racing team that is one of the best teams in American racing. They compete in the IndyCar Series, NASCAR, and sportscar racing. Their IndyCar drivers are Ryan Briscoe, Scott Dixon, Tony Kanaan, and Charlie Kimball. Dixon is the current IndyCar champion, which he won for the third time in 2013. Ganassi's NASCAR team's drivers are Jamie McMurray and Kyle Larson. Their sportscar team's drivers are Scott Pruett, Marino Franchitti, and Memo Rojas.

Until 2016 two of Ganassi's IndyCar cars were sponsored by Target. Target was also a sponsor for Ganassi's Nascar cars until 2017. The drivers of the Target sponsored cars were often in Target advertising and posters of them could be seen in many Target stores.

On June 30th 2021 it was announced that Trackhouse Racing had purchased Chip Ganassi Racing's Nascar team. Chip Ganassi Racing will complete the 2021 Nascar season. Trackhouse Racing will become the owner at the end of the season. Chip Ganassi Racing will continue to operate their teams racing in other divisions such as Indycar.

References

NASCAR
IndyCar Series
Ishmaelites

Ishmaelites are the descendants of Ishmael, the oldest son of Abraham. Today, the descendants of Ishmael are mainly living in Arabian Peninsula and are called Arabs. Ishmael was born of Hagar, the servant of Sarah, Abraham's wife. Isaac, Sarah's son, is the father of the Israelites.

Arab world
Old Testament people
History of the Middle East
Semitic peoples
SOAP

This article is about the computing protocol. For the substance used for cleaning, see soap
SOAP is a protocol used in computing. Web services use this protocol to communicate. SOAP uses XML to encode a message. It uses other application-layer protocols, for transport, and content negotiation, for example HTTP and Remote procedure call. The most common combination is to use SOAP with HTTP and TCP. There are different versions, 1.0, 1.1, and 1.2. Before version 1.2 SOAP stood for Simple Object Access Protocol. Since version 1.2 the protocol is simply called SOAP. This is because the protocol is not simple, and that it can be used for other purposes than accessing objects.

Introduction 

SOAP is a lightweight protocol intended for exchanging structured information in a decentralized, distributed environment. SOAP uses XML technologies to define an extensible messaging framework, which provides a message construct that can be exchanged over a variety of underlying protocols. The framework has been designed to be independent of any particular programming model and other implementation specific semantics.

SOAP Versions

Messaging Framework 

The core section of the SOAP specification is the messaging framework. The SOAP messaging framework defines a suite of XML elements for "packaging" arbitrary XML messages for transport between systems. 

The framework consists of the following core XML elements: Envelope, Header, Body, and Fault, all of which are from the http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/ namespace in SOAP 1.1. I've provided the full XML Schema definition for SOAP 1.1 in the following code for your reference as you read through the remainder of this section. Personally, I find it helpful to inspect the schema whenever familiarizing myself with XML constructs.SOAP UI is a tool use to test whether SOAP is sending and receiving the messages properly as part of Unit testing in IT projects.

Internet protocols
Jamaica, Land We Love

"Jamaica, Land We Love" is the national anthem of Jamaica. The words were written by Hugh Sherlock and the music was composed by Robert Lightbourne and arranged by Mapletoft Poulle.

Lyrics
Eternal Father, bless our land
Guide us with Thy mighty hand
Keep us free from evil powers
Be our light through countless hours
To our leaders, Great Defender,
Grant true wisdom from above
Justice, truth be ours forever
Jamaica, land we love
Jamaica, Jamaica, Jamaica, land we love

Teach us true respect for all
Stir response to duty's call
Strengthen us the weak to cherish
Give us vision lest we perish
Knowledge send us, Heavenly Father,
Grant true wisdom from above
Justice, truth be ours forever
Jamaica, land we love
Jamaica, Jamaica, Jamaica, land we love

Other websites
 Jamaican Government site on the Anthem (with lyrics) and Pledges 
 Sound file (mp3)
  

Jamaica
National anthems
1962 establishments in North America
1960s establishments in Jamaica
Bethel, Maine

Bethel is a town in northern Maine. It is part of the Oxford County. In 2002, there were 2,411 people living in the town.

References

Cities in Maine
1796 establishments in the United States
1790s establishments in Maine
List of Madonna tours



Concert tours

Promotional tours

References

Other websites
Madonna Tour Archives

Tours
Concert tours
Music-related lists
Usain Bolt

Usain St. Leo Bolt was born in 1986 and is a Jamaican runner and eight-time Olympic gold-medal winner. He is also known as "Lightning Bolt". Some people call him the fastest man in the world. He has run 100 metres in 9.58 seconds and 200 metres in 19.30 seconds. He took part in the 2012 London Olympics, and won gold in the 100
m, 200 m and 4 × 100 m relay.

Career 
Usain Bolt won the IAAF Grand Prize in a 100 meter dash on May 31st, 2008 at Icahn Stadium in New York City. He finished the race in 9.72 seconds and broke the world record.  On August 16th, 2008, he broke his world record again at the Olympic Games in Beijing.  On August 20th, 2008 he broke the world record for the men's 200 meter race. 

On August 16th, 2009, he went to the 12th World Championships in Athletics and broke his own world record in the 100 meter race. He ran that race in 9.58 seconds. Surprisingly, in this race, he didn't try his hardest. He looked around for the last five meters. 

On August 28th, 2011, he ran in the 13th World Championships in Athletics in Daegu, South Korea. He made a false start in the 100 meter race and was disqualified. 

On August 5th, 2012, he won the men's 100 meter final in the London Olympics. His finishing time was 9.63 seconds. He also won the 4 x 100 meter relay race. 

He also won a gold medal in the 100 meter race in the 2016 Rio Olympics. 

In 2017, his gold medal for the 2008 relay was disqualified because his teammate Nesta Carter had used drugs. He had to give up his gold medal.

Personal Life 
He is known to be a fan of the English Premier League soccer club,  Manchester United F.C.  He watched their games in person. He also met the coach and players.

References

Other websites

 

1986 births
Living people
2012 Summer Olympics
Jamaican sportspeople
Male athletes
Olympic gold medalists
Sprinters
Ghebaleh

Ghebaleh, ( Ghbeleh) is a Village in Keserwan, Lebanon.

At 40 KM from the capital of Lebanon, Ghebaleh is thought to be the capital of Ftouh Kesrwan, with an altitude of 700-1100 meters above sea level.

A Christian conservative village in the Lebanese mountain, wild nature and historical heritage.
the 400 year old Church St. Sarkis & Bakhos is one of the major religious monuments in the region, in addition to St. Georges Church at Hakl al Rayes, St. Chalita, St. Antoine, St. Nohra, Ste Al Shekiff and the Immaculate conception Church.

22nd of july comemorates the "Eid Mar Nohra" the Patron Saint of the El Hosri Family a very renown family in Ghbeleh since they were the first Maronites to settle in Ghebaleh in the 16th century and who played a crucial and historical role in the rise of this heavenly village on the religious and social forefront throughout the years and across borders. to name a few; Yousef Semaan El Hosri designated by the Wali as ruler of the Area, Dr. Chucri Nassif El Hosri one of the first 4 medical doctors in Lebanon graduated in 1900, Dr. Antoine Chucri El Hosri 1st Gastroentirologist in lebanon and president of the Order Of Doctors, Mr. Fernand Antoine Hosri a visinory Business Man who has dedicated years in the service of Mar Nohra and the renovation of this historic church. Eid Mar Nohra spreads over a full week of festivities with the hype on the eve of the 22nd of July (21st Of july).  

On September 13th each year, Ghebaleh hosts the "Eid Al Saleeb", (feast of the Cross) festival, that includes a carnival, musical and religious events, attendees come from all over Lebanon, and locals living abroad.

During summer, Ghebaleh is a destination for people looking for cool weather (comparing with Lebanese coast), beautiful nature and very close to city facilities, where they can enjoy tasty Lebanese food in exceptional restaurants.

cities in Lebanon
Cinchona pubescens

Cinchona pubescens, the Quinine Tree, is known for because its bark has a lot of quinine. It  has similar uses to Cinchona officinalis in making quinine, used for treatment of malaria.  It is native to Costa Rica, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia. In Ecuador, C. pubescens is found at altitudes from 300 to 3900 m above sea level. It grows to about 10 metres in height. It has the widest distribution of all Cinchona species 

Planted on other tropical islands it has become an invasive species. It grows quickly, and spreads by both seeds and root suckers. Other plants are unable to grow in the shade that it creates. In the Galapagos Islands the tree was planted by farmers as a crop for the quinine. It has become a dominant species on Santa Cruz Island, taking over from the shrub Miconia and Fern-Sedges. It is also invasive in Hawaii on Maui and the Big Island.

Attempts have been made to control the plant in the Galapagos National Park using a variety of methods. It is not affected by many poisons, it will regrow from a stump or any piece of root left in the ground. Controlling it over all of Santa Cruz island would cost several million US dollars according to research by the Charles Darwin Foundation.

References 

Rubiaceae
Ecuador
International Friendship Day

International Friendship Day celebrations take place on the 4 January every year. On this day, people spend time with their friends and express love for them. The exchange of Friendship Day gifts like flowers, cards, and wrist bands is a popular tradition of this occasion.

History

In 1935, the United States Congress proclaimed the 1st Sunday of August as National Friendship Day. Since then, celebration of National Friendship Day became an annual event.

Many other countries around the world adopted the tradition of dedicating a day to friends. In 1997, the United Nations named Winnie the Pooh as the world's Ambassador of Friendship. Today, Friendship Day is enthusiastically celebrated by many nations.

Celebrating

Many friends wish each other with exchange of gifts and cards on this day. "Friendship bands" are very popular in India, Nepal and parts of South America. Members of social networking sites celebrate Friendship Day on-line.

You do not have to buy a gift or spend money to enjoy Friendship Day. This avoids accusations the fun is only a "marketing gimmick".

Other traditions
Día del Amigo (Spanish: "Friend's Day"), a celebration of friendship, held annually on 20 July mainly in Argentina and Uruguay, but also in some other countries.
Dia do Amigo (Portuguese: "Friend's Day"), celebration happens on 18 April because on 20 July, they celebrate International Friendship Day.

References

Other websites

Observances
Joseph Merrick

Joseph Carey Merrick (5 August    1862 – 11 April 1890) was an Englishman. His face and body were deformed because of an illness. To earn money, he was shown at freak shows. He was called the Elephant Man. He then became famous after he went to live at the London Hospital. Some people who wrote about him wrongly thought he was called John Merrick.

Early life 
Merrick was born in Leicester, England in 5 August 1862. He started to become deformed when he was very young. He was also disabled after he hurt his hip. When he was 10, his mother died and his father married another woman. Merrick left school aged 13 and tried to find a job but it was difficult because he was deformed and disabled. His father and stepmother did not want him at home so he left home. When he was 17, he went to live in a workhouse.

Career 
In 1884 Merrick wrote to a showman called Sam Torr. Merrick asked Torr to show him as a "freak" exhibition. Torr showed Merrick around the East Midlands, and then Merrick went to London. He stayed in a shop on Whitechapel Road. People would pay to look at him. A surgeon doctor, Frederick Treves, came to see Merrick and took photographs of him. Soon afterwards, Torr's freak shop was closed by the police and Merrick went to Belgium.

In Belgium, Merrick was robbed by his manager and left Brussels alone. He found his way back to London. Frederick Treves took him to the London Hospital where Treves worked. Merrick was allowed to live there for the rest of his life. Rich and famous people of Victorian London came to visit him there.

Death 
Merrick died on 11 April 1890, aged 27. He died of either asphyxia (not being able to breathe properly) or a broken neck. He had tried to lie down to go to sleep, but his head was too heavy for him to do that. Today, nobody knows for sure what was wrong with Merrick. Scientists think that he either had an illness called neurofibromatosis type I, one called Proteus syndrome, or both of these illnesses. In 1980, movie director David Lynch made a movie about Merrick. It is called The Elephant Man.

References

1862 births
1890 deaths
Accidental deaths in the United Kingdom
English entertainers
People from Leicester
John Logie Baird

John Logie Baird (13 August 1888 – 14 June 1946) was a Scottish engineer and inventor of the world's first working television system, and the world's first fully electronic colour television tube.

Early life
Baird was born in Helensburgh, Dunbartonshire, Scotland. He went to school at Larchfield Academy in Helensburgh and then went to the Glasgow and West of Scotland Technical College (which later became the University of Strathclyde); and the University of Glasgow. He stopped being a student at the beginning of World War I.

Television experiments
Although lots of inventors helped to make television, Baird was an important person and made big advances. Especially in Britain, lots of people say that Baird was the first person to make a live, moving, greyscale television picture from reflected light. Baird did this by making a better photoelectric cell and making the signal conditioning better.  

In 1925, Baird showed people his moving pictures on television at Selfridges department store in London. In 1928, he showed the world's first colour television transmission.

Broadcasting
In 1927, Baird made a signal go over  between London and Glasgow; Baird sent the world's first long-distance television pictures to the Central Hotel at Glasgow Central Station.

Baird then started the Baird Television Development Company Ltd, and in 1928 it made the first transatlantic television transmission, from London to Hartsdale, New York, and the first television programme for the BBC.

Baird's television systems were replaced by the electronic television system developed by EMI-Marconi.

Baird did lots of work for the field of electronic television after mechanical systems stopped being used. In 1939, he showed colour television using a cathode ray tube.

Other inventions
Some of Baird's early inventions did not work. In his twenties he tried to make diamonds by heating graphite and ruined Glasgow's electricity supply. Later Baird made a glass razor which did not get rusty

Later years
From December 1944 until he died two years later, Baird lived at a house in Station Road, Bexhill-on-Sea, immediately north of the station. Baird died in Bexhill-on-Sea, Sussex, England on 14 June 1946 after a stroke in February 1946. The old house was knocked down in 2007.

John Logie Baird was buried with his mother, father and wife in Helensburgh Cemetery, Dunbartonshire.

References

1888 births
1946 deaths
Cardiovascular disease deaths in England
Deaths from stroke
Scottish inventors
Scottish scientists
The Co-operative Food

The Co-operative Food, sometimes simply known as the Co-op, is a brand used by the supermarket divisions of several consumer co-operatives in the United Kingdom, with The Co-operative Group being the largest most well known user. Co-operatives are businesses which are ultimately owned by their customer-members and staff-members with each member having an equal say in the business is run. Members elect the board and may vote on the strategic decisions of the business but are not usually involved in its day-to-day operations. Members also receive a percent of the company's earnings each year as a 'Dividend'.

The Co-operative Group purchased Somerfield in early 2009 and encorporated it into The Co-operative Food branding.

References

Supermarkets of the United Kingdom

de:The Co-operative Food
Co-operative Group

The Co-operative Group is a United Kingdom consumers' cooperative, and, after the acquisition of Somerfield supermarkets, is the world's largest consumer-owned business, with over 4.5 million members and 123,000 employees across all its businesses. Regional and local retail co-operative societies are corporate members of the Group.

Each member (each person registered to the 'Co-operative Membership' scheme) and every person employed has an equal say in how business is run. Everyone has a right to help shape the company. The Co-operative Group runs several businesses, including the famous Co-op supermarket chain.

Every year members receive a share of the profits that they helped to create, based on the amount made in profits that year and the how much they had spent with any of its businesses.

Business
Somerfield

Somerfield was a small UK supermarket chain. It was founded in 1875 and is similar to the Co-op.
In early 2009 It was bought out by the Co-operative Group.

Other websites 

 

Supermarkets of the United Kingdom
Defunct companies of the United Kingdom
1875 establishments in the United Kingdom
2009 disestablishments in the United Kingdom
Alvin and the Chipmunks (movie)

Alvin and the Chipmunks is a 2007 family comedy movie using Live-action/CGI. The movie stars Jason Lee, David Cross, Cameron Richardson and Jane Lynch and the voices of Justin Long, Matthew Gray Gubler and Jesse McCartney.

Plot
Dave Seville, a desperate song producer, meets three talking, singing chipmunks named Alvin (the awesomest one), Simon (the smart one), and Theodore (the cute one). Dave says that they can live with him if they sing his songs, but he later thinks that he made a terrible mistake when they ruin his house, his friendship with Claire Wilson (his girlfriend and next-door neighbor), and his job. Dave gets along with them better when they became very popular singers. Later on Dave's old friend and roommate, Ian Hawke trys to take the chipmunks away for fame and money. Eventually, Dave gets the chipmunks back, and he learns to consider them as his family. Also he and Claire get back together.

Cast
 Jason Lee as Dave Seville
 David Cross as Ian Hawke
 Cameron Richardson as Claire Wilson
 Jane Lynch as Gail
 Justin Long as Alvin Seville
 Jesse McCartney as Theodore Seville
 Matthew Gray Gubler as Simon Seville
 Beth Riesgraf as Mother in Store
 Adriane Lenox as Vet
 Kevin Symons as Ted
 Veronica Alicino as Amy
 Frank Maharajh as Barry
 Oliver Muirhead as Butler

References

American comedy movies
2007 movies
20th Century Fox movies
Alvin and the Chipmunks movies
AIDS orphan

An AIDS orphan is a child who became an orphan because at least one of their parents died of AIDS. (An orphan is a child with no parents.)

The Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), use the term "AIDS orphan" to talk about children whose mothers died of AIDS before the child's 15th birthday, whether the child's father is still alive or not. Because of this, some people say that 80% of all "AIDS orphans" still have one parent who is still alive.

There are 70,000 new AIDS orphans a year.  People in the past have guessed that by the year 2010, over 20 million children would be AIDS orphans.

Because most people who get AIDS are people who have sex, most people who die of AIDS are people who make most of their family's money (because most people who have sex are old enough to work). This means that many AIDS orphans need help from their country's government to live, and need money. This happens a lot in Africa especially.

In 2007, South Africa had more AIDS orphans than any other country, (although South Africa uses the term "AIDS orphan" differently than UNICEF and WHO. South Africa uses the term to talk about children under age 18 who lost either their father or their mother to AIDS). In 2005, the country with the highest percentage of AIDS orphans among the country's orphans was Zimbabwe.

References

Other websites 

 AIDS Orphan Resources Around the Globe 
 !Nam Child Wiki  (Namibian Wiki on Children)

HIV/AIDS
Hejaz

Hejaz is the western region of Saudi Arabia, stretching along the Red Sea (Sea of Hejaz). It extends from Taif in the south to Jordan in the north. There are four important cities in this region:

 Jeddah is the largest city, in the middle of the Red Sea coast. Jeddah is the economic and tourism capital of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
 Mecca is the holy city for Muslims because of Al-Haram Mosque and Al-Kaaba. Muslims face this city when they pray, and millions go there every year in the Hajj, the Muslim pilgrimage. 
 Medina is the second most holy city, and was the first capital of Islam. This is where the Mosque Of Prophet Muhammad is and where the Prophet Muhammad lived. There are many monuments and historical places.
 Taif is the youngest city. Taif is a tourist city in Saudi Arabia due to the cooler climate compared with the other cities. Hejaz has spiritual, cultural, economic and tourist importance.

Geography of Saudi Arabia
Endianness

Endianness refers to how hexadecimal data is ordered in machine language, the simplest, most understandable code that a computer can use.

In computer coding, certain numbers, usually two bytes long (1 byte = 8 bits) that are called "words", can be written or input in two ways: little-endian and big-endian. It depends on the data format and the way the computer reads the data.

Say that we have a "word" like this:

12AB ---> 12 | AB

Now, the way it's written right now is big-endian, because the bigger number is on the end. (In hexadecimal, the numbers go from 0 to 9, then from A to F. After F, a 1 is added to the front. [e.g. F+1=10, which is 16 in our numbering system])

To write it in little-endian, we simply switch the positions of the first two and the last two pieces, so it becomes:

12AB ---> AB | 12

Microprocessor design
Parvicursor

Parvicursor (meaning "small runner") is a genus of tiny maniraptoran dinosaur with long slender legs for fast running. At only about 39 cm (~15 in) from snout to end of tail, and 162 grams (5.7 ounces) in weight, it is one of the smallest non-avian dinosaurs known from an adult specimen.

References 

Coelurosaurs
Fossils
Cretaceous dinosaurs
Caenagnathasia

Caenagnathasia (meaning 'recent jaw from Asia') was a small oviraptorosaurian dinosaur (superfamily Caenagnathoidea), measuring only 1 m (3 ft) in length and weighing around 8 kg (18 lb). Like all oviraptorosaurs, Caenagnathasia had three fingers on each 'hand'  and three toes on each 'foot', with bone fusion similar to that of birds. 

Caenagnathasia lived in the Upper Cretaceous, around 90 million years ago.

Oviraptorosauria
Fossils
Šumadija

Šumadija (Serbian Cyrillic: Шумадија) is a geographical region in Serbia. The area was heavily forested, hence the name (Šuma - forest). The city of Kragujevac is the center of the region, and the administrative center of the Šumadija District in Central Serbia.

Borders
Šumadija is located between rivers Sava and Danube in the north, river Velika Morava in the east, river Zapadna Morava in the south, and Kolubara, Ljig and Dičina in the west. According to some interpretations (for example, physiologists such as Jovan Cvijić and ethnologist such as Erdeljanović.), the northern border of Šumadija lay between Avala and Kosmaj mountain. According to that view, the capital of Serbia, Belgrade does not belong to this region.

History
During the 18th century, the forests of Šumadija were the refuge for the Hajduks that fought against Ottoman occupation. The first Serbian uprising in 1804 was led by national hero Karađorđe. The second Serbian uprising in 1815 was led by Miloš Obrenović who successfully repelled the Turkish forces and, by 1830, Serbia had gained its full autonomy. Because of Miloš's efforts and negotiations Serbia was finally an independent state, after centuries under Ottoman reign.

Between 1922 and 1929, one of the administrative units of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia was named Šumadijska Oblast. It roughly included territory of present-day Šumadija District with its administrative seat in Kragujevac, which is the seat of the modern district as well.

Cities

Some of the large cities and towns in Šumadija are:
Belgrade (most of it)
Kragujevac
Čačak (northern part)
Aranđelovac
Gornji Milanovac
Jagodina
Smederevo
Smederevska Palanka
Mladenovac
Lazarevac
Velika Plana

Other smaller towns include:
Knić
Varvarin
Topola
Lapovo
Ljig
Grocka
Belanovica
Rača
Barajevo
Sopot
Batočina
Rekovac

Related pages
Šumadija District
Geographical regions in Serbia
Central Region (Serbia)

References

Other websites
Šumadija (with Pomoravlje) on serbiainyourhands.com 
Stragari - village in Šumadija
New York Hall of Science

The New York Hall of Science is a science and technology museum in New York City. It has over 400 exhibits on biology, chemistry and physics. The museum occupies one of the only remaining structures of the 1964 New York World's Fair in Flushing Meadow-Corona Park in the borough of Queens in New York City.

Museums in New York City
1964 establishments in New York (state)
Queens (New York City)
Guadarrama

Guadarrama is a village in the nothwestern part of the community of Madrid, in Spain. The population of Guadarrama is almost 15,000 people. In summer, there can be 60,000 people.

Guadarrama has become an important tourist point. It is a second home for many people from Madrid.

Guadarrama is near the "Sierra of Guadarrama".

References 

Municipalities in the Community of Madrid
Cia-Cia language

The Cia-Cia language (Hangul: 바하사 찌아찌아, Roman: Bahasa Ciacia), also known as South Buton(ese), is an Austronesian language spoken principally around the town of Bau-Bau on the southern tip of Buton Island off the southeast coast of Sulawesi in Indonesia.

References

Austronesian languages
Elmer Gedeon

Elmer John Gedeon (April 15, 1917 – April 20, 1944) is one of only two Major League Baseball players killed in action during World War II. He was also a multi-sport star in college at the University of Michigan.

At Michigan, Gedeon became an All-American in track and field, and earned varsity letters in both American football and baseball. He tied a world record in the high hurdles in 1938. After graduating, Gedeon had a position in Major League Baseball as an outfielder for the Washington Senators. Gedeon spent most of the 1939 and 1940 baseball seasons in the minor leagues. He was called up to the Senators in September 1939.

Gedeon's was drafted by the United States Army in early 1941. Since he was drafted, he had to stop baseball. He trained as a bomber pilot. He served in combat, and was shot down and killed in France, April 1944.

References

1917 births
1944 deaths
American baseball players
American military personnel of World War II
Burials at Arlington National Cemetery
Major League Baseball players
Military people killed in World War II
Purple Heart recipients
Sportspeople from Cleveland, Ohio
Scott Hall

Scott Oliver Hall (born October 20, 1958 in Chuluota, Florida) is a former American professional wrestler who is best known for wrestling with both the World Wrestling Federation (WWF) under the ring name, Razor Ramon and in World Championship Wrestling (WCW) where he wrestled under his real name. 

Hall was a founding member of the professional wrestling stable, the New World Order (nWo).

Legal and drug problems
In 1983, he was charged with second-degree murder after he wrestled a gun away from a man and shot him in the head at point blank range with it during an altercation outside of a nightclub. He said it was in self-defense and the charges were dropped because of lack of evidence. He did admit to killing the man, and says he is unable to forget the incident in a 2011 interview with ESPN.

Hall has had many other legal and drug problems since the 1990s. Retired professional wrestler Diamond Dallas Page invited Hall to join stay at his house to stay sober and rebuild his life. He also invited him to join his yoga program which many current and former professional wrestlers are involved in.

Championships
American Wrestling Association
AWA World Tag Team Championship (one time) (with Curt Hennig)

Pro Wrestling Illustrated
PWI Match of the Year (1994) (vs. Shawn Michaels in a Ladder match at WrestleMania X)
PWI Most Improved Wrestler of the Year (1992)
PWI Tag Team of the Year (1997) (with Kevin Nash)
He was ranked #7 of the top 500 singles wrestlers of the year by PWI in the PWI 500 in 1994.
He was ranked #72 of the top 500 singles wrestlers of the "PWI Years" in 2003.
He along with Kevin Nash was ranked #40 of the Top 100 Tag Teams of the "PWI Years" in 2003.

Total Nonstop Action Wrestling
TNA World Tag Team Championship (one time) (with Kevin Nash and Eric Young)

United States Wrestling Association
USWA Unified World Heavyweight Championship (one time)

World Championship Wrestling
WCW United States Heavyweight Championship (two times)
WCW World Tag Team Championship (seven times) (with Kevin Nash (six) and The Giant (one))
WCW World Television Championship (one time)
WCW World War 3 (1997)

World Wrestling Council
WWC Caribbean Heavyweight Championship (one time)
WWC Universal Heavyweight Championship (one time)

World Wrestling Federation
WWF Intercontinental Championship (four times)
Slammy Award for US Best Match of the Year (1996) (vs. Shawn Michaels at SummerSlam)

Wrestling Observer Newsletter awards
Match of the Year (1994) (vs. Shawn Michaels in a Ladder match at WrestleMania X)

References

Other websites
Official website
WWE profile

1958 births
American murderers
American professional wrestlers
Former WWE wrestlers
Living people
Sportspeople from Florida
Total Nonstop Action Wrestling alumni
WWE Hall of Fame
August Rush

August Rush is a 2007 American drama movie. It was directed by Kirsten Sheridan. It was written by Paul Castro, Nick Castle, and James V. Hart. It was produced by Richard Barton Lewis. August Rush has been thought to as an up-to-date reworking of the Oliver Twist story by Charles Dickens.

References

2007 drama movies
American drama movies
Movies set in California
Wikimania

Wikimania is an international conference on wikis like Wikipedia. It is organized by the Wikimedia Foundation and brings together authors, programmers, and researchers. It was started in 2005.

Wikimania has been in the following places:
 Frankfurt am Main, Germany (2005)
 Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA (2006)
 Taipei City, Taiwan (2007)
 Alexandria, Egypt (2008)
 Buenos Aires, Argentina (2009)
 Gdańsk, Poland (2010)
 Haifa, Israel (2011)
 Washington, DC (2012)
 Hong Kong (2013)
 London, United Kingdom (2014)
 Mexico, Mexico (2015)
 Esino Lario, Italy (2016)
 Montreal, Quebec, Canada (2017)
 Cape Town, South Africa (2018)
 Stockholm, Sweden (2019)

Future Wikimanias 
Wikimania 2020, the sixteenth Wikimedia conference, will be held in Bangkok, Thailand.

Related pages
 Wikimania page on Wikimedia Foundation
 Wikimania website

References

Wikimedia
2005 establishments
Bob the Builder

Bob the Builder is a British-American television program for children. It is broadcasted on the BBC and around the world. It was first broadcast on April 12, 1999. It is developed by Hit Entertainment for BBC Television.

The show is about the life of a builder named Bob, and his talking vehicles and machines who help him fix things. Bob has a partner named Wendy and a cat named Pilchard. The slogan of the show is "Can we fix it? Yes we can!".

There are albums of songs from Bob the Builder. Out of these songs, there are 2 number 1 hits, "Can We Fix It?" and "Mambo No. 5". There is also the number 81 hit "Big Fish Little Fish".  There is also merchandise which is based on the show.

In 2015, a Bob The Builder reboot aired on Nick Jr. Cartoon Network CBBC Cartoonito Channel 5's Milkshake block. In 2018 reboot show left in Nick Jr. and Cartoonito In 2020 Cartoon Network and Channel 5 It has since ended its run. A year after the reboot ended, The original Bob the Builder aired on Qubo. Qubo lost the rights air Bob the Builder reboot on February 28, 2021.

Danish Voice Cast
 Peter Røschke – Borgmester Bentley
 Lars Thiesgaard – Byggemand Bob
 Teis Bayer – Grab
 Donald Andersen – Kranberg
 Vibeke Dueholm – Rumle
 Søren Hauch Fausbøll – Smut
 Ole Rasmus Møller – Sprinter
 Peter Røschke – Thomas Traktor
 Dennis Hansen – Tip
 Peter Røschke – Tromle
 Vibeke Dueholm – Winni

Additional Voices
 Ann Hjort
 Caspar Phillipson
 Christian Damsgaard
 Lasse Nissen
 Ole Fick
 Pauline Rehné
 Thomas Meilstrup
 Zacharias Grassme

Songs
 Song by Donald Andersen

References

Other websites 
 Official Website

Channel 5 (UK) television programmes
1999 television series debuts
1990s television series
2000s television series
2010s television series
2011 television series endings
Children's television series
PBS Kids shows
Television characters
CBeebies
Free license

A free license refers to a free copyright license. Some examples are the GNU Free Documentation License, Wikipedia itself and the Creative Commons licenses.

Licenses
Free content
Padlock

A padlock is a type of portable lock that has a U-shaped shackle that will not come apart from the body of the lock unless the correct key is inserted or the correct combination is dialed. The U-shape of the lock allows for a wide variety of uses. Typically the padlock is used to lock two things together, for example, a door and its frame, two or more chains, or a chain and a fixed object. Padlocks are not recommended for high-security applications because the shackle is easily cut with a bolt cutter or hacksaw. Some newer padlocks have hardened boron alloy shackles or shrouded (hidden or covered) shackles to make them more difficult to cut.

Construction
The combination padlock is usually made with a metal "can" with three tumblers inside connected to a dial on the front. The mechanism is very similar to that used in safes. When the correct combination is entered, the notches on the tumblers line up and allow a latch to fall into the notches, releasing the shackle. Combination locks of this type are not recommended for outdoor use because they can fill up with rain water which causes them to rust. The laminated padlock is constructed from a series of metal plates that are riveted together. 

The shackle of most padlocks is made from hardened steel, although more expensive padlocks may have boron alloy steels to make them more difficult to cut. Inexpensive padlocks usually have a shackle made of ordinary steel. Corrosion-resistant padlocks usually have a brass or stainless steel shackle although these materials have low hardness and are easily cut with bolt-cutters. The material that the shackle is made of is usually stamped in the center of the shackle. For example, a hardened steel shackle will be stamped "HARDENED" or a boron alloy shackle will be stamped "BORON ALLOY". Alloy steels with appropriate heat treating provide much higher cutting resistance to bolt-cutters.  Alloy steel shackles are plated with another metal such as nickel or chrome to protect them from rust. The body of the padlock is usually also plated. Brass and stainless steel padlocks do not need plating, although they are sometimes plated anyway for appearance.

Stamp on shackle
The stamp on the shackle indicates what material it is made of. The most common are:
 Hardened - Hardened steel, most common
 Case hard - Also hardened steel, found on older padlocks
 Stainless - Stainless steel
 Boron alloy - Boron alloy steel
 Boron carbide - Found on Master Lock Magnum.
 Special alloy - Found on some Abus padlocks
 Molybdenum - Molybdenum alloy steel
 Unstamped - Normal steel (when silver) or brass (when gold)

Common uses
 School and gym lockers
 Cabinets
 Self-storage
 Gates
 Shed doors
 Windows
 Vending machines
 Truck doors
 Bicycles and motorcycles
 Safety switches
 Storage boxes
 Refrigerators and freezers
 Garage doors
 Trailers
 Toolboxes
 Small cash boxes

Manufacturers
 Master Lock
 Abloy
 Abus
 American Lock
 Medeco
 ASSA
 Sargent and Greenleaf
 Brinks
 Wordlock

Locks
Market economy

A market economy is economy in which the prices of the products and services are chosen in a free price system that is decided by supply and demand. It began around the late 18th century, after the Industrial Revolution. A key work was Adam Smith's The Wealth of Nations, 1776.

Market economics has been widely used because of its efficiency (ability to work well). However, it has also been criticized for its selfishness and the difference between the rich and poor. In the real world, market economies are not purely market economies, as societies and governments control them in some ways instead of market forces. The expression free-market economy is sometimes used as the same as market economy. Nobel Prize in Economics winner Ludwig von Mises said that a market economy is still a market economy even if the government joins in pricing.

In a market economy, the following will be true:
The Factors of production are privately owned. Production occurs from an initiative of the owners.
The only way to get revenue is through services, or through the profits of private companies.
There is no planned economy
There are no regulatory economics
The market participants are free to choose the products they buy, the profession they exercise, and whether to save or invest their money.

Sometimes, market economy does not work as expected, the following may be observed:
For certain goods or services there may be monopolies or cartels.
Some goods may be public.
There may be externalities
There may be Information asymmetry, that is not all participants have the same information

Related pages 
 market

References 

Economics