cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Chris Pine

Christopher Whitelaw "Chris" Pine (born August 26, 1980) is an American actor. He is best known for his roles as Steve Trevor in Wonder Woman (2017) and the sequel Wonder Woman 1984 (2019) and as James T. Kirk in the 2009 movie Star Trek.

Pine has been in a relationship with British actress Annabelle Wallis since 2018.

Filmography

References

Other websites 

 
 

1980 births
Living people
Actors from Los Angeles
American movie actors
American television actors
American video game actors
American voice actors
Hyperglycemia

Hyperglycemia means high blood sugar levels at or beyond 200 mg/dl. It is a serious and life threatening health problem that can be fatal if not properly treated in time. 

In a healthy body, insulin helps glucose (sugar) get from the blood into the body's cells.  There, the cells can use the sugar to make energy.  However, when there is not enough insulin in the body, or if a person's body does not react to insulin normally (this is called insulin resistance), too much sugar stays in the blood.  This can cause serious health problems.

Extremely high blood sugar means diabetes mellitus, a condition that often causes very high blood sugar. Hyperglycemia that comes and goes may mean diabetes of any kind, or may be developing under low insulin levels or resistance to insulin.

Symptoms

Early Signs 
Three of the early signs of hyperglycemia are "the 3 polys": polydipsia (feeling very thirsty), polyphagia (feeling very hungry), and polyuria (urinating a lot).  These things happen because:
 The body senses that its cells are not getting enough sugar.  The body triggers hunger, because eating is usually how people get sugar.  This causes polyphagia.
 The body senses that there is too much sugar in the blood, and tries to urinate out the extra sugar.  This causes polyuria.
 Because the person is urinating so much, they get dehydrated easily and get very thirsty (polydipsia).
Other early signs of high blood sugar include blurred vision, headache, and feeling tired.

Late Signs 
If hyperglycemia gets worse or is not treated, it can cause toxic acids called ketones to build up in the blood and urine.  This is called diabetic ketoacidosis, which is a medical emergency.

Symptoms of diabetic ketoacidosis can include:
 Confusion, seizures, or coma
 Difficulty breathing with fruity-smelling breath ("ketone breath" - caused by the body trying to blow off the toxic ketones through breathing out)
 Weakness
 Nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain

Blood disorders
Blood sugar

Blood sugar is an amount of glucose present in the blood of humans or animals. It is the primary source for energy for body cells and blood lipids. Low blood sugar means hypoglycemia. High blood sugar means hyperglycemia. People with diabetes mellitus have high blood sugar.

Health
Blood
Autodidact

An autodidact is a person who learns to do something by himself or herself. Often they learn things by reading about it, or by copying someone else.

Many great people taught themselves when there was no formal teaching in the topics which interested them. Examples are Leonardo da Vinci, Michael Faraday, and Charles Darwin. Much of the industrial revolution was done by men in a field of work where there was no previous experience. James Watt was a surveyor and instrument maker and is described as being "largely self-educated". Watt, like some other autodidacts of his  time, became a Fellow of the Royal Society and a member of the Lunar Society.

Autodidactism is only one way to learn, and may be done together with formal education. Many autodidacts seek instruction and guidance from experts, friends, teachers, tutors, parents, siblings, and the community.

References 

Learning
South East Mutton Bird Islet

South East Mutton Bird Islet is a steep islet, in south-eastern Australia. It is part of the Mutton Bird Island Group, at the southern end of the south-western coast of Tasmania. It is part of the Southwest National Park, and part of the Tasmanian Wilderness World Heritage Site.  It is very small, with an area of , and the highest point is  above sea level.

The island is part of the Port Davey Islands Important Bird Area, so identified by BirdLife International because of its importance for breeding seabirds.

Fauna
Seabird species that breed on the island are the Short-tailed Shearwater (Puffinus tenuirostris) (250 pairs), Fairy Prion (1000 pairs), Black-faced Cormorant and Silver Gull. The Short-tailed Shearwater is also called the Mutton Bird in Australia, giving the islet it's name.

Related pages
Other National Parks and reserves in the Tasmanian Wilderness World Heritage Area are:
 Cradle Mountain-Lake St Clair National Park
 Franklin-Gordon Wild Rivers National Park
 Hartz Mountains National Park
 Mole Creek Karst National Park
 Southwest National Park
 Walls of Jerusalem National Park
 Central Plateau Conservation Area
 Devils Gullet State Reserve

References

Protected areas of Tasmania
World Heritage Sites in Australia
Eduardo Paolozzi

Sir Eduardo Luigi Paolozzi, KBE, RA (Edinburgh, 7 March 1924 – London, 22 April 2005), was a Scottish sculptor and artist. He was the eldest son of Italian immigrants.

Education 
Paolozzi studied at the Edinburgh College of Art in 1943, then moved to London. He was briefly at the St Martin's School of Art in 1944, and then at the Slade School of Fine Art at University College London from 1944 to 1947. He lived in Paris from 1947–1949. There he met Alberto Giacometti, Jean Arp, Constantin Brâncuşi, Georges Braque and Fernand Léger. They were a big influence on his later work.

Pop art 
Paolozzi was the founder of the pop art movement. Paolozzi's I was a Rich Man's Plaything (1947) is considered the first standard bearer of Pop Art and first to display the word "pop". Paolozzi showed the collage in 1952 as part of his groundbreaking Bunk! series at the Independent Group meeting in London.

Assessment  
He was a major figure in the international art sphere. Paolozzi investigated how we fitted into the modern world. He revealed our fragmented civilization through imagination and fantasy.

He was made Her Majesty's Sculptor in Ordinary for Scotland in 1986, which he held until his death.

Writings
Eduardo Paolozzi by Eduardo Paolozzi, Tate, London 1971 ASIN B00103A8RG
Recurring themes by Eduardo Paolozzi   Rizzoli (1984) 
 Metafisikal Translations by Eduardo Paolozzi, Lelpra, London 1962 ASIN B002MNOJQY

Gallery

References 

1924 births
2005 deaths
British artists
People from Edinburgh
Sculptors
Royal Academicians
Christine Lagarde

Christine Madeleine Odette Lagarde (née Lallouette) (born 1 January 1956) is a French lawyer and politician. She was the Managing director of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) from 5 July 2011 until 12 September 2019. She previously served as French Minister of Finance from 19 June 2007 to 29 June 2011 when she was elected IMF managing director. Before that she served as French Minister for Commerce and Industry from 2 July 2005 to 15 May 2007 in the government of Dominique de Villepin.

References

1956 births
Living people
French economists
French lawyers
French Ministers of Finance
Managing Directors of the International Monetary Fund
Politicians from Paris
Rain Man

Rain Man is a 1988 American drama movie. It was directed by Barry Levinson and produced by Mark Johnson. It was written by Barry Morrow and Ronald Bass. It stars Tom Cruise as Charlie Babbitt and Dustin Hoffman as his older brother Raymond Babbitt.

Charlie is a narcissist who is a dealer of new cars in Los Angeles, California. He hears of his father's death and is told that the vast majority of the estate has been left to Raymond, whom he cannot remember. Raymond is an autistic savant, who has an eidetic memory but is incapable of looking after himself. He has lived in an institution in Cincinnati, Ohio for about twenty years. Charlie drives Raymond to Las Vegas, Nevada where Raymond uses his skill at counting cards to win money in card games. They then go on to Los Angeles. During the journey, Charlie changes his feelings towards Raymond from being resentful to being caring and protective. Raymond lacks understanding of the world and requires 24 hour care, which Charlie cannot provide, so Raymond returns to his institution.

Rain Man won an Academy Award and a Golden Globe Award. The movie was inspired by the life of savant Kim Peek (1951-2009).

Other websites 

1988 movies
1980s drama movies
1980s road movies
American drama movies
American road movies
Autism in fiction
Best Picture Oscar
English-language movies
Golden Globe Award winning movies
Las Vegas, Nevada in fiction
Movies set in Las Vegas
Movies set in Los Angeles
Narcissism in fiction
Ohio in fiction
Movies directed by Barry Levinson
Movies about autism
Going Solo

Going Solo is a non-fiction book by Roald Dahl. It is the second part of his autobiography, and was published in 1986. Going Solo is the story of Dahl's first job, in Africa, and about how he became a RAF pilot in World War II.

1986 books
Autobiographies
Aviation
Marc Houalla

Marc Houalla (born 10 February 1961 at Rueil-Malmaison) is a French aerospace engineer.
From the 28th of November 2008 to October 2017, he is the head of the French Civil Aviation University.

Graduate from the ENAC (IÉNAC L82) and having a MBA from HEC Paris (1990), he has done different jobs in air transport such as director of SEFA before being joining the French Civil Aviation University.

From November 2017 to February 2018, Marc Houalla is head of the Orly Airport and honorary President of ENAC Alumni. Since February 2018, he is head of the Paris-Charles de Gaulle Airport. Since March 2018, he is also head of ENAC Alumni.

Award 
 Chevalier of the Ordre National du Mérite

References

Further reading
 Académie nationale de l'air et de l'espace and Lucien Robineau, Les français du ciel, dictionnaire historique, Le Cherche midi, June 2005, 782 p. ()

1961 births
Living people
Alumni of the École nationale de l'aviation civile
French aviators
Heads of the French Civil Aviation University
Louis Pailhas

Louis Pailhas (2 March 1926 – 6 February 2021), was a French politician and aerospace engineer.
From December 1967 to 1982, he was head of the French Civil Aviation University.

He graduated from the École Polytechnique (X 46) and École nationale de l'aviation civile (IAC 49). he did different jobs in civil aviation before joining the French Civil Aviation University in December 1967, the first to hold that position in Toulouse. He resigned in January 1982.

After that, in 1998, he was assistant of the Mayor of Toulouse, and then deputy Mayor for science, aeronautics and space activities in 2001.

Louis Pailhas was a member of the Académie de l'air et de l'espace.

Awards
 Legion of Honour
 Medal of Aeronautics

References

Further reading
 Académie nationale de l'air et de l'espace and Lucien Robineau, Les français du ciel, dictionnaire historique, Le Cherche midi, June 2005, 782 p. ()

1926 births
2021 deaths
Alumni of the École nationale de l'aviation civile
Alumni of the École Polytechnique
Deputy mayors
French aviators
French politicians
Heads of the French Civil Aviation University
People from Occitanie
New Scientist

New Scientist is a weekly scientific journal. It covers recent developments in science and technology for a general audience. The magazine was founded in 1956 and it is published by Reed Business Information Ltd. New Scientist is edited by Sumit Paul-Choudhury.

Science and technology magazines
Magazines of the United Kingdom
Hervé Renaudeau

Hervé Renaudeau, born at Laval, is a French aerospace engineer. From September 2009 to August 2016, he is the director-general of the Institut Polytechnique des Sciences Avancées (French private aerospace university).

Graduate from the École Centrale de Lyon (1979), he starts his career as hardware design engineer on the Mirage 2000. He has done a career in aerospace industry before joining higher education in 2002 as head of École supérieure des techniques aéronautiques et de construction automobile at Levallois-Perret. In September 2009, he became head of the Institut Polytechnique des Sciences Avancées. Francis Pollet replaces him in March 2017.

References

Further reading
 Académie nationale de l'air et de l'espace and Lucien Robineau, Les français du ciel, dictionnaire historique, Le Cherche midi, June 2005, 782 p. ()

Living people
French aviators
Year of birth missing (living people)
Saint John, Barbados

Saint John ("St. John") is a parish of Barbados.  It is on the eastern side of the island. It is home to one of the  secondary schools on the island, The Lodge School. In its southeastern corner, the shoreline turns northward instead of southward, forming the small Conset Bay.

Landmarks
Ashford Bird Park is a bird and animal sanctuary.

References

Other websites

Parishes of Barbados
Kantoku

was a  after Chōkyū and before Eishō.  This period started in November 1044 and ended in April 1046.  The reigning emperors were  and .

Events of the Kantoku era
 1045 (Kantoku 2, 16th day of the 1st month):  Emperor Go-Suzaku abdicated; and his eldest son received the succession (senso) on the same day.  Soon after, Emperor Go-Reizei 's role as monarch is confirmed by ceremonies (sokui). 
 1045 (Kantoku 2, 18th day in the 1st month): Go-Suzaku died at the age of 37.

Related pages
 Heian period

References

Other websites
 National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection

Japanese eras
Saint Joseph, Barbados

Saint Joseph is a parish of Barbados on the eastern side of the island.  The parish is home to two of the more notable botanic gardens in the country - Flower Forest and Andromeda Gardens.  Parts of St. Joseph are called the Scotland District because of the appearance of the landscape.

References

Other websites

Parishes of Barbados
Saint Lucy, Barbados

Saint Lucy ("St. Lucy") is the northern-most area in the country of Barbados.  Saint Lucy is the only parish of Barbados to be named after a female patron saint, Saint Lucy of Syracuse.  Saint Lucy was the location of a United States Navy base at Harrison's Point.  Saint Lucy is also a peninsula, surrounded on three sides by the Atlantic Ocean to the north, east and west.

Saint Lucy is the birthplace of Barbados's first Prime Minister, Errol Barrow. It is also the birthplace of two cricketers; Charlie Griffith and Manny Martindale.

References

Parishes of Barbados
Saint Michael, Barbados

St. Michael is one of eleven parishes of Barbados. It is in the south-west part of the island.  
 
The parish is home to Bridgetown, the capital of Barbados. There is also the international seaport of Barbados—the Deep Water Harbour. Rihanna, a singer was born in St. Michael.

References

Other websites

Parishes of Barbados
Saint Peter, Barbados

Saint Peter ("St. Peter") is one of eleven parishes in the Caribbean island country of Barbados.  It is named after the Christian Apostle and Patron saint, Saint Peter.  It is in the north of Barbados.

Saint Peter is a tourist hot spot.  The parish is surrounded with white sand beaches, including those along Mullins Bay. The Barbados Wildlife Reserve is mostly a monkey sanctuary for the Barbados Green Monkey.  St Nicholas Abbey is one of the more famous landmarks on Barbados.

References

Other websites

Parishes of Barbados
Medal of Aeronautics

Medal of Aeronautics ()  is a civil honor of the government of France.  It is awarded to those who have made outstanding contributions to the aviation industry.

History
The Medal was established in February, 1945.

Select recipients
This list is not finished; you can help Wikipedia by adding to it.
 Caroline Aigle
 Daniel Calleja
 Jorge Chavez, 1957
 James Stephen Fossett
 Yves Lambert
 Norman Lo 
 David McMillan
 Louis Pailhas
 Francis Pollet
 Michel Tognini
 Wu Tongshui
 Brian Trubshaw, 1976

References

Other websites
 Orders & Medals Society of America,  Medal of Aeronautics/Médaille de l'Aéronautique
 Medal-medaille.com,  Aeronautical Medal (Médaille de l’Aéronautique)

Aviation
Orders, decorations, and medals of France
1945 establishments in France
David McMillan

David McMillan is a British diplomat, civil servant and administrator.  He was the Director General of EUROCONTROL until 31st December 2012. Eurocontrol coordinates and plans air traffic control for all of Europe.

Early life
MacMillan earned a degree in French and Spanish from University of Edinburgh.

Career
McMillan's Foreign Office career began in 1976. He served in Morocco and Zimbabwe. He was Transport Secretary at the British Embassy in Washington.

In the UK's Department for Transport (DfT), he had several roles between 1998 and 2007, including
 1998–2001, he headed the division responsible for air traffic control policy
 2002–2004, he served as Director of Strategy and Delivery
 2004–2007, he was the UK’s Director General of Civil Aviation

McMillan was the First Vice President of the European Civil Aviation Conference between 2005 and 2007.

In 2008, he became the Director General of EUROCONTROL.

Honors
 Medal of Aeronautics

References

Year of birth missing (living people)
British aviators
British diplomats
Living people
Civil servants
Asclepius

Asclepius (also spelled Aesculapius) was a demigod in Greek mythology. He was the son of Apollo. He was made god of medicine and healing.
Ascelpius was the god of medicines and healing and was often associated with Imhotep, the architect of the step pyramid of King Djoser.

References
 Farnell, Lewis Richard. Greek Hero Cults and Ideas of Immortality, (Oxford Clarendon Press, 1921).
 Grimal, Pierre, The Dictionary of Classical Mythology, Wiley-Blackwell, 1996, . pp. 62–63
 Hart, Gerald D. MD. Asclepius: The God of Medicine (Royal Society of Medicine Press, 2000)

Greek gods and goddesses
Eileithyia

Eileithyia (; ) was the goddess of childbirth and midwifery in Greek mythology. She is the daughter of Zeus and Hera, king and queen of the gods. While she is not a prominent deity in Ancient Greek religion, Eileithyia does feature in a number of myths. Her Roman counterpart was Lucina. 

Greek gods and goddesses
Charites

The Charites (; , Khárites; sing. Χάρις), also known as the Graces, are three minor goddesses of charm, beauty, grace and splendor in Greek mythology. They were the daughters of Zeus and Eurynome, and served as handmaidens of Aphrodite, goddess of love and beauty. In Roman mythology they are known as the Gratiae (the “Graces”). They are often shown in sculptures and mosaics as three naked women, holding hands and dancing in a circle. Their names are Euphrosyne ("the light-hearted one"), Thalia ("the flowering one"), and Aglaia ("the shining one").

References

Greek gods and goddesses
Roman gods and goddesses
Civil Aviation University of China

Civil Aviation University of China (Simplified Chinese 中国民航大学, Traditional Chinese 中國民航大學, Pinyin Zhōngguó Mínháng Dàxué), also known as CAUC, is a national university in Tianjin, China. It offers education and training in civil aviation for new pilots in China.

History
CAUC was founded in 1951.

Related pages
 Wu Tongshui
 French Civil Aviation University

References

Other websites
http://www.cauc.edu.cn/ 

Aviation
Colleges and universities in the People's Republic of China
1951 establishments in Asia
20th-century establishments in China
Günter Blobel

Günter Blobel (May 21, 1936 – February 18, 2018) was a German-born American biochemist. His native city, Waltersdorf, now belongs to Poland.

He has received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1999 for his studies concerning protein targeting.

Blobel died in New York City on February 18, 2018 of prostate cancer at the age of 81.

References

1936 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from prostate cancer
Cancer deaths in New York City
American academics
American biochemists
American Nobel Prize winners
Naturalized citizens of the United States
People from former German territories
People from Prussia
German Nobel Prize winners
Ahmed Abu Laban

Ahmad Abu Laban (born 1946 - 1 February 2007) was the leader of an organisation called Islamic Society of Denmark. In 2006, he complained about a series of cartoons that were printed in a Danish newspaper. He said the cartoons, which made fun of the prophet Muhammad, were offensive to Muslims. People in Syria, Lebanon.Afghanistan and Iran protested outside Danish embassies. There were riots in Afghanistan, in which 11 people were killed.

Ahmad was born in Palestine. He moved to Denmark with his family, and became a leading religious leader in the Danish Islamic community. He died in Copenhagen in 2007 from lung cancer.

References

1946 births
2007 deaths
Danish businesspeople
Deaths from lung cancer
Disease-related deaths in Denmark
Palestinian Muslims
Michel Tognini

Michel Ange-Charles  Tognini (born September 30, 1949, in Vincennes, France) is a French test pilot, astronaut, educator, writer and administrator.  Tognini is Head of the European Astronaut Centre (EAC) of the European Space Agency (ESA) in Cologne, Germany.

Tognini graduates École de l'Air.

Awards and honors
 Medal of Aeronautics
 Chevalier de Ordre National du Mérite
 Commander dans l'Ordre de la Légion d'Honneur
 Soviet Order of Friendship between the People
 Russian Order of Friendship between the People

References

Other websites

NASA biography of Tognini
Spacefacts biography of Tognini

1949 births
Living people
Astronauts
French people
All the Vermeers in New York

All the Vermeers in New York is an American movie released in 1990. It was directed by Jon Jost.

Plot
Mark is a broker on Wall Street who notices a woman that resembles a painting by Dutch painter Johannes Vermeer. The woman is named Anna and she is an actress from France. The two start a romantic relationship when they meet each other for the first time. Mark suffers from a cerebral hemorrhage while calling Anna and then  Anna disappears into a Vermeer painting at the end.

Reception
The film won the Caligari Film Award at the Berlin International Film Festival in 1991. Roger Ebert liked the film, but he thought that it ended too soon.

References

1990 movies
American drama movies
English-language movies
Johannes Vermeer
American independent movies
Saint Philip, Barbados

Saint Philip is a parish of Barbados at the southeastern end of the island.

St. Philip has the largest land area of the 11 parishes of Barbados.  It has a mostly flat 'close to sea-level' land. It does not have a true city, rather villages and areas.

This parish is home to the only 'dependency' of Barbados called Culpepper Island. This tiny rock in the ocean is used as a feeding ground for sheep.  It cannot be reached unless by boat or by foot at low tide.

References

Other websites

Parishes of Barbados
Saint Thomas, Barbados

Saint Thomas ("St. Thomas") is in the centre of Barbados. It is one of only two landlocked parishes in the island. The other is Saint George to the south.

References

Parishes of Barbados
Liberty Kid

Liberty Kid is a 2007 low budget American movie. It is directed by Ilya Chaiken. The movie has to do with two friends that lose their jobs at the Statue of Liberty after 9/11.

The movie won Best Film at the New York Latino Film Festival. The movie won Critics' Pick from both The New York Times and New York Magazine.  The movie played at New York Latino Film Festival, the Woodstock Film Festival, and the Atlanta Film Festival. The DVD has an audio commentary by three actors, deleted scenes, behind the scenes, photo gallery, and conversations with Iraq War veterans as special features. The DVD is in 5.1 stereo sound.

References

2007 movies
American drama movies
English-language movies
Frank Worrell

Sir Frank Mortimer Maglinne Worrell (1 August 1924, Bank Hall, St Michael,  Barbados – 13 March 1967, Kingston, Jamaica) was a West Indies cricketer and Jamaican senator. He is sometimes called by his nickname of Tae. He was a stylish right-handed batsman and useful left-arm seam bowler. He became famous in the 1950s as the first black captain of the West Indies cricket team.  He is the only batsman to be in two 500-run partnerships in first-class cricket.

Since the 1960–61 series, the Frank Worrell Trophy is awarded to the winner of the Test series between Australia and West Indies.One of the two Halls of Residence at the University of the West Indies, Cave Hill Campus in Barbados is named after him.

Caribbean journalist Ernest Eytle wrote a biography of Worrell titled Frank Worrell: The Career of a Great Cricketer in 1963.

In June 1988 Worrell was celebrated on the $2 Barbadian stamp along with the Barbados Cricket Buckle.

References

West Indies cricketers
Knights Bachelor
1924 births
1967 deaths
Deaths from leukemia
Barbadian sportspeople
Jamaican sportspeople
West Indies cricket team

The West Indian cricket team, also known as the West Indies or the Windies, is a multi-national cricket team.  They are a sporting group of 15 mainly English-speaking Caribbean countries, British dependencies and non-British dependencies.

From the mid 1970s to the early 1990s, the West Indies team was one of the strongest in the world in both Test and One Day International cricket. A number of cricketers among the best in the world have played for the West Indies. Sir Garfield Sobers, Lance Gibbs, Gordon Greenidge, George Headley, Clive Lloyd, Malcolm Marshall, Andy Roberts, Alvin Kallicharran, Rohan Kanhai, Frank Worrell, Everton Weekes, Curtly Ambrose, Michael Holding, Joel Garner and Sir Viv Richards are in the ICC Hall of Fame. World-record holder Brian Lara was a West Indies Test player.

The West Indies won the ICC Cricket World Cup twice, in 1975 and 1979. They won the ICC Champions Trophy in 2004. They were runners up in the Under 19 Cricket World Cup in 2004. They were semi finalists in the ICC World Twenty20 in 2009. They were the first cricket team to win the World Cup twice.  West Indies are also the first team to win back to back World Cups. West Indies is the first team to appear in three consecutive World Cup finals (1975, 1979 and 1983).

References

Cricket clubs
Sport in the Caribbean
1928 establishments
2007 Cricket World Cup

The 2007 ICC Cricket World Cup was the ninth edition of the ICC Cricket World Cup tournament.  It took place in the West Indies from 13 March to 28 April 2007.  It used the sport's One Day International format. There were a total of 51 matches played, three fewer than at the 2003 World Cup.

The 16 competing teams were first divided into four groups. The two best-performing teams from each group moved on to a "Super 8" format. From this, Australia, New Zealand, Sri Lanka and South Africa went to the semi-finals. Australia beat Sri Lanka in the final to win their third consecutive World Cup. 

Cricket World Cup
2007 in sports
2007 in North America
Obadele Thompson

Obadele Thompson (born March 30, 1976) is a sprint athlete from Barbados. In 2000, he became the first Olympic medalist from Barbados.  He won a bronze medal in the 100m race.

His fastest legal time in the 100 m is 9.87. He ran his personal best in the 200 m at 19.97 in 2000.

Biography
Born in Saint Michael, Thompson attended Harrison College.  He then went to the University of Texas at El Paso, United States.

On February 21, 2007 Thompson announced his engagement to Marion Jones, then pregnant. The marriage took place on February 24, 2007 in North Carolina.  Their first child together, son Amir, was born in July 2007. A daughter, Eva-Marie, was born in June 2009.

Personal bests

Achievements

References

1976 births
Living people
Barbadian sportspeople
Olympic bronze medalists
Ryan Brathwaite

Ryan Brathwaite  (born June 6, 1988) is a track and field athlete from Barbados.  He won the gold medal in the 110 metres hurdles at the 2009 World Championships in Athletics in Berlin.

Achievements

References

Barbadian sportspeople
1988 births
Living people
Male athletes
Sprinters
World champions
DGM Barbados Open

The DGM Barbados Open is a senior (over 50s) men's professional golf tournament.  It is played on the Caribbean island state of Barbados. It is the opening event on the European Seniors Tour.  It is the only event on the tour that takes place in the Americas. The PGA European Tour organisation is based in the United Kingdom. Barbados is a former British colony.  The tournament was first played in 2000. It is hosted by the Royal Westmoreland Golf Club.

Winners
DGM Barbados Open
2009 Sam Torrance - 
2008 Bill Longmuir - 
2007 Gordon J. Brand - 
2006 José Rivero - 
2005 Denis O'Sullivan - 
2004 Gavan Levenson - 

Royal Westmoreland Barbados Open
2003 Terry Gale - 
2002 Peter Townsend - 
2001 Priscillo Diniz - 
2000 Tommy Horton - 

Sport in Barbados
Golf tournaments
2000 establishments in North America
20th-century establishments in Barbados
Hirotaka Takeuchi

is a Japanese mountain climber. He is best known as the first Japanese man who reached the top of the 14 tallest peaks in the Himalayas.

Fewer than 30 people have climbed all 14 mountains.

References

Living people
1971 births
Japanese sportspeople
Mountain climbers
European Seniors Tour

The European Seniors Tour is a professional tour for male golfers aged 50 and over.  It is run by the PGA European Tour. The Tour started in 1992. The highest profile seniors event in Europe is the Senior British Open Championship.

The 2010 season added new events in Mauritius, Thailand, South Africa, England, the Netherlands, and France.

Order of Merit winners

Golf tournaments
Sport in Europe
1992 establishments in Europe
Southwest National Park

The Southwest National Park is a  national park in the south-west of Tasmania, Australia.  The park is the largest in Tasmania and is part of the Tasmanian Wilderness World Heritage Area.

The eastern side of the park is  west of Hobart and the park stretches to the west and south coasts. This park covers most of the wilderness areas in Tasmania's south west. The park is well known for its untouched wilderness and remoteness.  Weather in the park is can change quickly, and can be severe. The area has not been changed by humans. Evidence shows that Tasmanian Aborigines have visited the area for at least 25,000 years. European settlers have made a few trips into the park, but there has been very few long lasting settlements and little change to the natural environment. Within the area there is only one road, to the hydroelectricity township of Strathgordon. The southern and western parts the park can only be reached by foot, boat, or light aircraft.

The tiny town of Melaleuca in the extreme south-west has a runway for airplanes to land, and basic facilities for the National Parks Service.

History
Most of the park was created in 1955 and was first called Lake Pedder National Park. Over the following 35 years the park was made bigger and was renamed, reaching its present size in 1990. The original small Lake Pedder was flooded with the building of a dam on the Gordon River for hydroelectricity. The man made lake is also called Lake Pedder

Wildlife
The Melaleuca area is the summer breeding grounds of the highly endangered orange-bellied parrot .

Access
There are two ways to reach the park by land: the Gordon River Road to the hydroelectricity township of Strathgordon and the Huon Highway to Cockle Creek. The southern and western areas of the park can only be reached by foot, boat, or light aircraft.
There are two main walking tracks cross the park. The Port Davey Track and the South Coast Track. The walks are generally for more experienced walkers, and take about ten to fourteen days to complete. A flight to or from Melaleuca may be arranged to split the walk, or for tourist access for day trips. Several more difficult walks also exist, including the Eastern and Western Arthur Ranges, Precipitous Bluff, the South West Cape, and Federation Peak. These are not suitable for inexperienced walkers, or for people traveling alone. Sea access to the park is from Port Davey and Bathurst Harbour.

Related pages
Other National Parks and reserves in the Tasmanian Wilderness World Heritage Area are:
 Cradle Mountain-Lake St Clair National Park
 South East Mutton Bird Islet

Footnotes

Other websites
Parks and Wildlife Service, Tasmania - Southwest National Park  
Walking the South-West

Protected areas of Tasmania
National parks in Australia
Tasmanian Wilderness
Payphone (song)

"Payphone" is a song performed by American pop rock band Maroon 5 released on April 17, 2012 under A&M/Octone Records in the United States. It serves as the lead single on the band's fourth studio album Overexposed, set to be released on June 26, 2012. The song was written by producer Benny Blanco, bandmates Adam Levine, James Valentine, and featured vocalist Wiz Khalifa. The song was recorded in southern Hollywood, Los Angeles, California.

Cover artwork

The cover artwork or the track was leaked to the web over a newsletter on April 11, 2012 and featured similar varieties of colorful aspects from the band's upcoming fourth album's cover, which leaked a day prior on E! News.

Chart success

The song debuted at number-three on the Billboard Hot 100 singles' chart and later peaked at number-two. It also topped the Billboard Digital Songs chart in late April.

Music Video

A music video for the song has not been officially announced yet. However, featured rapper Wiz Khalifa said in a press conference that he would like the music video to be in a sutle setting where no people may be to relate to the lyrics of the song. 

Maroon 5 songs
2012 songs
Wren

The wrens are passerine birds in the mainly New World family Troglodytidae. There are about 80 species in about 20 genera. The Wren is also the shortest bird in Britain.

Originally, the word 'wren' was (and still is) used for the species found in Europe, western Asia and North Africa. The word came into English after a long history in the Germanic languages. The bird's scientific name is Troglodytes troglodytes. When European biologists got to the Americas, they soon realised that the family of wrens has many species, and is mainly an American family of birds.

Most wrens are about 10 centimetres (4 inches) long, brown (both sexes), and has a short bill that curves slightly down. Its wings are round and it has a short tail.

Vocalizations
Its song is a gushing burst of sweet music, loud and emphatic. It has an enormous voice for its size, ten times louder, weight for weight, than a cockerel. Its song may sometimes be confused for the dunnock, which has warble that is shorter and weaker. The wren's song also has trill sounds, which the dunnock does not. The male has a long and complex song, with a series of tinkling trills one after the other for seconds on end.

When this bird is annoyed or excited, its call runs into an emphatic churr, like clockwork running down.

References

Other websites 

Wren videos  on the Internet Bird Collection

Passeri
Vireo

The vireos () are a group of passerine birds that are mostly in the part of the New World. Their feathers are dull-colored and greenish, the smaller species slightly resembling wood warblers. New evidence from DNA places vireos as relatives of crows. Vireos are mostly shy.

References

Other websites 
 Vireos (Vireonidae)  information, including 33 species with videos and 40 with photographs at the Internet Bird Collection

Passeri
Shrike

Shrikes are passerine birds of the family Laniidae. The family has 31 species in three genera. The family name, Lanius, is derived from the Latin word for "butcher". Some shrikes were also known as "butcher birds" because of their feeding habits. This is because shrike sometimes sticks its prey on a thorn, as on a meat hook. This makes it easier for them to feed on it.

Distribution 
Most shrike species live in Eurasia and Africa, with just two breeding in North America. There are no members of this family in South America or Australia, although one species reaches New Guinea. 

The shrikes vary in the size of their ranges. Some species like the Great Grey Shrike range across the northern hemisphere,  whereas Newton's Fiscal is restricted to the island of São Tomé.

References

Other websites 

 Shrike videos  on the Internet Bird Collection

Passeri
Photoflash capacitor

A photo flash capacitor is a capacitor used in the flashes of cameras.

A camera flash works by applying short bursts of high voltage to a type of gas in a glass tube. The electrical energy required is small, but it has to be given very fast because since the flash doesn't last long. An ordinary battery cannot give such a high voltage or give it so fast, so a photo flash capacitor is used. An electronic circuit increases the battery voltage, and charges a capacitor. When the button is pressed, the capacitor releases the stored energy in about a thousandth of a second and makes a bright flash.

Photography
Electricity
Information leakage

With the development of the internet, the issue of information leakage has been more and more serious. The definition of an information leakage is that secret information is stolen by others through hacker’s attack, copying, sending, printing or screen shooting.

Most individual information leakages are caused by hackers. This can be prevented by through antivirus software. Most corporate information leakages are caused by people in the company. Preventing corporate information leakage is more difficult. In 2003, the FBI and the CSI did research, the result shows that only 30 percent of information leakage accidents are caused by people outside the organization. That is because people inside are familiar with the regulation and more likely to find the information. Encrypting the information is an important way to stop corporate information leakages.

Cryptography
Sistema Brasileiro de Televisão

Sistema Brasileiro de Televisão, or simply SBT is a Brazilian television network  launched by Silvio Santos on 1981.

References 

Brazilian television networks
Doug Savant

Jeremy Renner (born June 21, 1964) is an American actor. He is known for his role in the television Desperate Housewives.

Other websites

 

1964 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
Actors from Burbank, California
Australia national cricket team

The Australian cricket team is the national cricket team of Australia. It is the joint oldest team in Test cricket.  They were in the first Test match in 1877. The team also plays One Day International cricket and Twenty20 International. They were in the first ODI, against England in the 1970–71 season. They were in the first Twenty20 International, against New Zealand in the 2004–05 season. They won both games.

The Australian team has played 744 Test matches, winning 350, losing 194, drawing 198 and tying two. Australia is ranked the number-one team overall in Test cricket in terms of overall wins, win-loss ratio and wins percentage. Australia is  ranked fourth in the ICC Test Championship behind England, South Africa and India. They led the Test rankings for a record time of 74 months from 2003 to 2009.

Australia has played 797 ODI matches, winning 490, losing 272, tying nine and with 26 ending in no-result. They have led the ICC ODI Championship since it started for all but 48 days in 2007. Australia made a record six World Cup final appearances (1975, 1987, 1996, 1999, 2003 and 2007).  They have won the World Cup a record four times in total; 1987 Cricket World Cup, 1999 Cricket World Cup, 2003 Cricket World Cup and 2007 Cricket World Cup. Australia is the first team to be in 4 consecutive World Cup finals (1996, 1999, 2003 and 2007).

The team was undefeated in 34 consecutive World Cup matches until 19 March at the 2011 Cricket World Cup. There Pakistan beat them by 4 wickets. Australia won the ICC Champions Trophy twice – in 2006 and in 2009 – making them the first and the only team to become back to back winners in the Champions Trophy tournaments. The team has also played 39 Twenty20 Internationals.

Tournament history

References

Cricket clubs
Sport in Australia
1877 establishments in Australia
Twenty20 International

A Twenty20 International (T20I) is a form of cricket which is played over 20 overs per side between two national cricket teams. The game is played under the rules of Twenty20 cricket. The first Twenty20 International took place on 17 February 2005. Australia defeated New Zealand by 44 runs at Eden Park in Auckland. The International Cricket Council gave rankings for the shortest format of the game on October 24, 2011 with England at top.

Twenty20 International teams
The nations are listed below with the date of each nation's Twenty20 International debut shown in brackets.

  (17 February 2005)
  (17 February 2005)
  (13 June 2005)
  (21 October 2005)
  (16 February 2006)
  (15 June 2006)
  (28 August 2006)
  (28 November 2006)
  (28 November 2006)
  (1 December 2006)
  (1 September 2007)
  (12 September 2007)
  (2 August 2008)
  (2 August 2008)
  (2 August 2008)
  (3 August 2008)
  (2 February 2010)
  (16 March 2014)
  (16 March 2014)
  (17 March 2014)
  (13 July 2015)
  (25 July 2015)

References

Cricket
2005 establishments
Reynaldo Hahn

Reynaldo Hahn (August 9, 1874 – January 28, 1947) was a French composer, conductor, music critic and diarist (he wrote a diary). He was famous for his songs.  He wrote the music (which was considered "insipid") for the ballet Le Dieu bleu. The ballet was a failure and the music was blamed.

20th-century French composers
1874 births
1947 deaths
French music critics
Gaussian elimination

In mathematics, Gaussian elimination (also called row reduction) is a method used to solve systems of linear equations. It is named after Carl Friedrich Gauss, a famous German mathematician who wrote about this method, but did not invent it.

To perform Gaussian elimination, the coefficients of the terms in the system of linear equations are used to create a type of matrix called an augmented matrix. Then, elementary row operations are used to simplify the matrix. The three types of row operations used are:
 Type 1: Switching one row with another row.
 Type 2: Multiplying a row by a non-zero number.
 Type 3: Adding or subtracting a row from another row.

The goal of Gaussian elimination is to get the matrix in row-echelon form. If a matrix is in row-echelon form, that means that reading from left to right, each row will start with at least one more zero term than the row above it. Some definitions of Gaussian elimination say that the matrix result has to be in reduced row-echelon form. That means that the matrix is in row-echelon form and the only non-zero term in each row is 1. Gaussian elimination that creates a reduced row-echelon matrix result is sometimes called Gauss-Jordan elimination.

Example 
Suppose the goal is to find the answers to this system of linear equations.

First, the system needs to be turned into an augmented matrix. In an augmented matrix, each linear equation becomes a row. On one side of the augmented matrix, the coefficients of each term in the linear equation become numbers in the matrix. On the other side of the augmented matrix are the constant terms each linear equation is equal to. For this system, the augmented matrix is:
 

Then, row operations can be done on the augmented matrix to simplify it. The table below shows the row reduction process on the system of equations and on the augmented matrix.

The matrix is now in row-echelon form. This is also called triangular form.

The matrix is now in reduced row-echelon form. Reading this matrix tells us that the solutions for this system of equations occur when x = 2, y = 3, and z = -1.

Equations
Algebra
Computer science
Bronislava Nijinska

Bronislava Nijinska (8 January 1891 [old style 27 December 1890] – 22 February 1972) was a Russian ballerina, choreographer, and teacher of Polish descent. Her parents were dancers. She was one of three siblings and the sister of the famous ballet dancer, Vaslav Nijinsky. 

When she was very young, Nijinska learned to dance at home. Her parents taught her Polish, Hungarian, Italian, and Russian folk dances. Her father also taught her some acrobatics. This helped her later with her choreography. 

She was only four years old when she made her debut in a Christmas program with her brothers in Nizhny Novgorod. Nijinska trained with the Italian dancer, Enrico Cecchetti, before joining the Imperial Ballet School in 1900. She was a student there until 1908. Her teachers were Nicolai Legat and Mikhail Fokine.

She danced with the Imperial Ballet in St. Petersburg and the Ballets Russes. She was a choreographer for the Ballets Russes, with important modernist dance titles to her credit: Les Noces (1923), Le Train Bleu (1924) and Les Biches (1924). She guided the re-creation of these works in modern times.

She died in Pacific Palisades, California. She was twice married and had two children.

References 

Russian ballerinas
Choreographers
1891 births
1972 deaths
Federico de Madrazo y Ochoa

Federico de Madrazo y Ochoa (1875 – 1935) was a Spanish painter working in and around Madrid. He was part of a famous family of Spanish artists which included his father Raimundo de Madrazo, his uncle Ricardo de Madrazo y Garreta, his grandfather, Federico de Madrazo y Kuntz, and his great grandfather José de Madrazo. He worked together with Jean Cocteau to write a ballet, the Le Dieu bleu (The Blue God), in 1912 for Serge Diaghilev's Ballets Russes. Music for the ballet was composed by Reynaldo Hahn.

References

Spanish painters
1875 births
1935 deaths
People from Madrid
Madea's Witness Protection

Madea's Witness Protection is a comedy-drama movie. It was directed, written, and produced by Tyler Perry. The movie is about Madea taking care of a White American family who are in being protected by the FBI. The movie was filmed from January to March 2012. The movie was released in the United States on June 29, 2012.

Cast 
 Tyler Perry as Mabel "Madea" Simmons/Joe Simmons/Brian Simmons
 Eugene Levy as George Needleman
 Denise Richards as Kate Needleman
 Romeo Miller as Jake
 Doris Roberts as Barbara Needleman, George's mother
 Tom Arnold as Walter
 John Amos as Pastor Nelson, Jake's father
 Marla Gibbs as Hattie, Madea's neighbor
 Danielle Campbell as Cindy Needleman, George and Kate's daughter
 Devan Leos as Howie Needleman, George and Kate's son

References

Other websites
 

2012 movies
American comedy-drama movies
English-language movies
Lionsgate movies
2012 in movies

This is a list of movies that were released in the United States in 2012.

Highest-grossing movies 

The top ten films released in 2012 by worldwide gross are as follows:

Events 
1st AACTA International Awards
18th Screen Actors Guild Awards
32nd Golden Raspberry Awards
38th People's Choice Awards
38th Saturn Awards
62nd Berlin International Film Festival
65th British Academy Film Awards
69th Golden Globe Awards
69th Venice International Film Festival
84th Academy Awards
2012 Cannes Film Festival
2012 MTV Movie Awards
2012 Sundance Film Festival
2012 Toronto International Film Festival

2012 movies

January – March

April – June

July – September

October – December

Notable deaths

References
Giant antshrike

The giant antshrike (Batara cinerea) is a species of bird in the Thamnophilidae family. It belongs to the genus Batara. It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, and Paraguay. This species is the largest species of antbird, measuring 34 cm long and weighing around 150 g.

Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical forests.

References

 BirdLife International 2004.  Batara cinerea.   2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.   Downloaded on 25 July 2007.

Other websites
Image at ADW

Passeriformes
Pygmy Antwren

The pygmy antwren (Myrmotherula brachyura) is a species of bird in the Thamnophilidae family.
It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela.

The Pygmy Antwren is the smallest of the antbirds. It usually weighs only 7 g (0.25 oz).

References

 BirdLife International 2006.  Myrmotherula brachyura.   2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.   Downloaded on 26 July 2007.

Other websites

Pygmy Antwren photo gallery VIREO
Photo-High Res; Article wingsbirds–"Peru-Explornapo Lodge"

Passeriformes
Ant-follower

The ant-follower is a bird which feeds by following army ants. They take the prey that the ants have. The best known ant-followers are 18 species of antbird in the family Thamnophilidae, but there are other families as well, such as cuckoos.

References 

Birds