cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Brookfield Zoo

The Brookfield Zoo is a large zoo near Chicago, Illinois. The zoo is about  216 acres (874,124 m²), and has around 450 species of animals.

Exhibits 
Australia House: Crested pigeons, emerald tree boas, double-wattled cassowaries, emus, princess parrots, Rodrigues flying foxes, short-beaked echidnas, southern hairy-nosed wombats, western grey kangaroos, parma wallabies, prehensile-tailed skinks, Argus monitors, tawny frogmouths, and laughing kookaburras.
Children's Zoo: Harris hawks, great horned owls, American kestrels, turkey vultures, red-tailed hawks, raccoons, ravens, chickens, goats, groundhogs, Holstein cattle, reindeer, sheep.
Feather and Scales: Andean condors, blue poison dart frogs, double-striped thick-knees,  Gambel's quails, greater roadrunners, green aracaries, boa constrictors, and sungazers.
Perching Bird House: African pygmy-falcons, Argus monitors, Bali starlings, bay-headed tanagers, crested wood partridges, green-winged macaws, Micronesian kingfishers, paradise tanagers, tawny frogmouths, and turquoise tanagers.
Fragile Desert: African crested porcupines, Amur leopards, bat-eared foxes, black-footed cats, caracals, meerkats, rock hyraxes, and sand cats.
Fragile Hunters: African lions, Amur tigers, sloth bears, and snow leopards.
Fragile Rainforest: Asian small-clawed otters, bearcats, Burmese pythons, clouded leopard, fishing cats, giant African millipedes, naked mole rats, and northern treeshrews.
Great Bear Wilderness: American bison, bald eagles, brown bears, and polar bears.
Habitat Africa! The Forest: African forest buffaloes, giant African millipedes, okapis, red-flanked duikers, red river hogs, and reunion chameleons.
Habitat Africa! The Savannah: Aardvarks, African wild dogs, common ostriches, klipspringers, reticulated giraffes, and warthogs.
Hamill Family Play Zoo: African hedgehogs, barred tiger salamanders, mongoose lemurs, ring-tailed lemurs, Blanding's turtles, musk turtles, boa constrictors, and African cichlids.
Hoofed Animals: Addaxes, Bactrian camels, Grant's zebras, and Grevy's zebras.
The Living Coast: Humboldt penguins, Inca terns, grey gulls, and moray eels.
Pachyderm House: Eastern black rhinoceroses, hippopotamuses, and South American tapirs.
Pinniped Point: California sea lions, harbor seals.
Regenstein Wolf Woods: Mexican wolves.
Salt Creek Wilderness: Trumpeter swans.
Seven Seas: Bottlenose dolphins.
The Swamp: American alligators, alligator snapping turtles, eastern screech owls, little blue herons, North American river otters, and snowy egrets.
Tropic World: Asian small-clawed otters, Bornean Orangutans, collared mangabeys, cottontop tamarins, eastern black-and-white colobuses, giant anteaters, Geoffroy's spider monkeys, golden lion tamarins, mandrills, northern white-cheeked gibbons, pygmy hippopotamuses, sooty mangabeys, and western lowland gorillas.

Other websites 
Official Brookfield Zoo website

Buildings and structures in Chicago, Illinois
Zoos in Illinois
Shirahama, Wakayama

is a town in Nishimuro District, Wakayama, Japan.

Towns in Japan
Settlements in Wakayama Prefecture
Wakayama Prefecture

is a prefecture in the Kansai region of Japan on the island of Honshū. The capital is the city of Wakayama. Wakayama Prefecture is surrounded by Osaka Prefecture, Nara Prefecture, Mie Prefecture, Hyogo Prefecture and Tokushima Prefecture.

History 
In the Meiji period, Wakayama Prefecture was created from the western part of Kii Province.

Geography 
Wakayama's southwestern coastline faces the Seto Inland Sea and its southeastern coastline is on the Pacific Ocean.  The northern borders of the prefecture meet Osaka Prefecture, Nara Prefecture, and Mie Prefecture.

Cities
There are nine cities in Wakayama Prefecture:

Towns and villages

These are the towns and villages in each district:

National Parks
National Parks are established in about 9% of the total land area of the prefecture.

Shrines and Temples
Hinokuma-kunikakasu jinjū is the chief Shinto shrine (ichinomiya) in the prefecture.

Related pages
 Provinces of Japan
 Prefectures of Japan
 List of regions of Japan
 List of islands of Japan

References

Other websites

 Wakayama Prefecture website
Webcast

A webcast is a type of media file used on the Internet. It is distributed using streaming media technology to many people at the same time. It is basically the same as broadcasting over the internet.

Many radio and TV stations, as well as stations that are only on the internet, have webcasts. Businesses may have webcasts to give presentations or to teach people. Some people broadcast weddings or funerals through webcasts.

References

Internet
Kansas City Chiefs

The Kansas City Chiefs are a professional American football team in Kansas City, Missouri. The team is a part of the Western Division of the American Football Conference (AFC) in the National Football League (NFL). Their starting quarterback is Patrick Mahomes.

Originally called the Dallas Texans, the club was founded by Lamar Hunt in 1960 as a charter member of the American Football League. The team moved to Kansas City and became the Chiefs in 1963 after then-Kansas City mayor H. Roe Bartle promised the team they would have more ticket sales. The Chiefs then joined the NFL as part of the AFL-NFL Merger. The Chiefs hold the distinction of being the second AFL team (after the New York Jets) to beat an NFL club in an AFL-NFL World Championship Game when they beat the Minnesota Vikings in Super Bowl IV.

The Chiefs won Super Bowl LIV by defeating the San Francisco 49ers 31-20. This was the team’s first Super Bowl win since 1969.

The term "chief" is sometimes considered to be insulting to Native Americans. There has been no serious effort to change the team's nickname. They have used an arrowhead as their symbol for a long time. They also named their home field Arrowhead Stadium.

Other websites 
 Kansas City Chiefs official site
 Year by Year Statistics  (pdf)
 Sports E-Cyclopedia.com

References 

 
1960 establishments in the United States
1960s establishments in Missouri
Jacksonville Jaguars

The Jacksonville Jaguars are a professional American football team in Jacksonville, Florida. They are currently members of the Southern Division of the American Football Conference (AFC) in the National Football League (NFL). The Jaguars, and the Carolina Panthers, became part of the NFL as expansion teams in 1995.

Head coaches
 Tom Coughlin (1995–2002)
 Jack Del Rio (2003–2011)
 Mel Tucker (interim, 2011)
 Mike Mularkey (2012)
 Gus Bradley (2013-)

Other websites
Official Jacksonville Jaguars web site
Jacksonville Jaguars Foundation 

National Football League teams
Jacksonville, Florida
1995 establishments in the United States
1990s establishments in Florida
Houston Texans

The Houston Texans are a professional American National Football League team in Houston, Texas. Their current quarterback is Deshaun Watson. They are part of the American Football Conference (AFC). The Texans joined the NFL in 2002 as an expansion team. 

The team is, of course, named for their home state. There was another "Texans" team in the early 1960s, the Dallas Texas. That team move and became the Kansas City Chiefs. The first NFL team in Houston was the "Oilers". The Oilers moved to Tennessee and were renamed the "Titans". The Texans were created in order to replace the Oilers in Houston.

Well Known Players 
Andre Johnson Wide receiver
J.J. Watt Defensive End

Other websites 
 Official Houston Texans website
 Sports E-Cyclopedia.com

National Football League teams
Sports in Houston, Texas
Cleveland Browns

The Cleveland Browns are a professional American football team in Cleveland, Ohio. The team plays in the AFC North division of the American Football Conference (AFC) in the National Football League (NFL). The Cleveland Browns started playing in 1946 as a charter member of the All-America Football Conference and joined the NFL in 1950 after the AAFC folded. After the 1995 season, the Browns moved to Baltimore, Maryland and changed its name to the Baltimore Ravens. However, the Browns' team history stayed behind in Cleveland. A new Cleveland Browns team began playing in the 1999 NFL season, inheriting the history of the first Browns team.

The team has also won four NFL Championships. It is one of two teams in Ohio, the other team is the Cincinnati Bengals.

They are one of two NFL teams to finish the season with 0 wins, going 0-16 in the 2017 NFL season. They share this achievement with the Detroit Lions, who went 0-16 in 2008.

References

Other websites 
 Cleveland Browns official web site
 Sports E-Cyclopedia.com

National Football League teams
Sports in Cleveland, Ohio
Cincinnati Bengals

The Cincinnati Bengals are a professional American football team in Cincinnati, Ohio. They are currently members of the North Division of the American Football Conference (AFC) in the National Football League (NFL). Their first season, 1968, was as an American Football League franchise, but they joined the NFL as part of the 1970 AFL-NFL Merger. Their current quarterback is Andy Dalton.

The Bengals' stadium is Paul Brown Stadium, in Cincinnati.  Their uniforms are an orange, black, or white jersey with tiger stripes and black or white pants.

The team chose its name for the fierce and dangerous big cat called the Bengal tiger.

Other websites 
Cincinnati Bengals official web site
Sports E-Cyclopedia.com
Bengals History 

 
Sports in Cincinnati, Ohio
1968 establishments in the United States
1960s establishments in Ohio
Commentary

A commentary often means some sort of voice that will explain what is going on while a program is playing. Commentary is most often used in sports. Some famous commentators are Jim Ross, Larry Merchant, Jesse Ventura, Navjot Singh Sidhu and Gorilla Monsoon.

A commentary can mean comments, spoken or written, which help people understand a book, play or work of art.

References

Television
Radio
Kelvedon

Kelvedon is a village and town in Essex, England.

Origins
There has been a settlement on the bend of the River Blackwater for thousands of years. Archeologists have found evidence that shows the settlement was a Celtic trading port. The Romans started a settlement here called "Canonium".
The present village of Kelvedon has been lived in since the early Middle Ages. The building of the Norwich - London railway, made Kelvedon a good place to live, but with easy and quick access to London. The village was built along one road, High Street. From the 1930's the village began to spread for miles along the street which was part of the A12. In the 1960's a bypass was built to go around the village. In the 1980's a large housing development called "Riverside Park" added hundreds of houses.

Other websites
 Kelvedon Free Music Festival

References 

Towns in Essex
Buffalo Bills

The Buffalo Bills are a professional American football team in Buffalo, New York. They are members of the Eastern Division of the American Football Conference (AFC) in the National Football League (NFL). The Bills started playing in 1960 as an original member of the American Football League and joined the NFL as part of the AFL-NFL merger.

The Bills won two American Football League titles in 1964 and 1965, but the team has not won a league championship since the merger. Buffalo is also the only team to win four consecutive AFC Championships (1990-93), though they did not win any of the four following Super Bowls.

Ralph Wilson, the longtime owner who had established the Bills in 1959, died on March 25, 2014. On September 9, 2014, Wilson's family announced that it had sold the team to Terry Pegula and his wife, Kim. The Pegulas also own the Buffalo Sabres of the NHL.

The Bills team name is based on the famous "wild west show" star known as Buffalo Bill. The American bison is the team symbol. This large mammal is commonly known in North America as the "buffalo", although it is only distantly related to other large mammals known as such.

Other websites 
 Buffalo Bills - Official Site

1959 establishments in the United States
 
1950s establishments in New York (state)
Washington Commanders

The Washington Commanders are a professional American football team based in the Washington, D.C. area.  The team plays at FedExField in Landover, Maryland. The team's head office and training area are at Redskin Park in Ashburn, Virginia. They are part of the Eastern Division of the National Football Conference (NFC) in the National Football League (NFL).

The team began in Boston in 1932. They were first named for the Boston Braves baseball team. They were soon renamed the "Redskins." They kept that nickname after moving to Washington in the late 1930s. Native Americans and others said this word was insulting to Native Americans. There were protests and legal challenges, but the team kepy the name for many years. 

On June 18, 2014, the United States Patent Office decided that they were going to cancel the Redskins trademarks and called the name "disparaging to Native Americans."

In June 2020, 87 of the team's sponsors wrote a letter asking the team to change its name.  PepsiCo, Nike, and FedEx were three of these sponsors.  Together those three companies pay more than US$600 million to show their products and services next to the team.  That summer, the team announced that there would be a review of the name. On July 13, 2020, the team officially retired the "Redskins" name, although they did not choose a new team name at that time. The team played the 2020 and 2021 seasons as the Washington Football Team.

The team hired John Wright to find a new name.  He spoke to fans, former players, and some Native Americans.  Fans liked the name "Red Wolves," but too many other teams already legally owned names and pictures that were like "Red Wolves." On February 2, 2022, Wright went on the Today Show.  He said the new name would be "Washington Commanders" and showed everyone the new team uniforms.

Some Native American leaders, for example Fawn Sharp of the National Congress of American Indians, said the team also should have apologized for using the name for so long and making so much money with it.  Others said it was a step in the right direction.

References

Other websites 
 Washington Commanders official web site
 Sports E-Cyclopedia.com
 ESPN's Redskin Page 
 History of the Washington Redskins
 Team Names

National Football League teams
Super Princess Peach

Super Princess Peach (スーパープリンセスピーチ in Japanese) is a 2005 platform video game. It was developed by TOSE and published by Nintendo. In 2009, this game was re-released as a Nintendo Selects title. It was released for the Nintendo DS.

Unlike most Mario video games, Bowser has decided to kidnap Mario. The player takes control of Peach who must go out and save Mario.

2005 video games
Mario platform games
Nintendo DS games
Nintendo DS-only games
Minnesota Vikings

The Minnesota Vikings are a professional American football team in Minneapolis, Minnesota.  The Vikings play in the National Football Conference of the National Football League (NFL). They are in the NFC North division. The Vikings have won their division 16 times, which is the third most among teams that are playing in the NFL now. They appeared in four Super Bowls during the 1970s, and lost all four of them.

The team is called the Vikings because the state of Minnesota was settled by a great many people of Scandinavian ancestry. The historical Vikings originated in Scandinavia.

Other websites 
 Minnesota Vikings Official Website
 Radio Home of the Minnesota Vikings 
 Star Tribune Coverage of the Minnesota Vikings
 Pioneer Press Coverage of the Minnesota Vikings

Vikings
National Football League teams
1961 establishments in the United States
1960s establishments in Minnesota
Reno, Nevada

Reno is a city in the American state of Nevada. It is the county seat of Washoe County. As of 2000, there were 180,480 people living in Reno. Charles Fuller built the first log cabin in 1859 and was named Lakes Crossing in 1861.

Other websites 

Cities in Nevada
County seats in Nevada
Wolong National Nature Reserve

Wolong National Nature Reserve  is a national park in Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China. It was established in 1963. The reserve has an area of about 200,000 hectares. There are over 4,000 different species recorded in the reserve. Wolong National Nature Reserve houses more than 150 highly endangered giant pandas.

In June 1980, the China Research and Conservation Center for the Giant Panda was established. The World Wildlife Fund (WWF) and the Chinese government cooperated to establish the center. Researchers have made trials on how to breed the giant pandas. They have successfully bred 66 panda cubs.

A mountain stream runs through the Wolong Valley (where the Reserve is); the stream is heavily armoured with boulders and smaller rounded stones. Stream waters are rather alkaline with pH levels in the range of 8.91. (Hogan, 2007) Water quality turbidity is quite high due to extensive sand and gravel mining in stream.

According to a 2001 research by Dr. Jianguo Liu of Michigan State University, the rate of destruction is higher after the reserve's creation than before its creation. Using NASA's satellite images and records of the number of people there, Liu's research team concluded that due to tourism and the increase in the number of people, the reserve is facing an unprecedented threat. "Tourists do not think they have an impact on panda habitat, but indirectly each visitor has some impact," Liu said. "We do not see ourselves as a destructive force, but we are."

References

Other websites 
 Giant panda cubs at Wolong National Nature Reserve
 Wolong Panda Club
 Dutch informational website about Wolong

People's Republic of China
Biosphere reserves
Spectacled bear

The spectacled bear (Tremarctos ornatus), also known as the Andean bear is the last of the lineage of short-faced bears. Locally, it is also called ukuku, jukumari or ukumari. The other short-faced bears are now extinct. They lived during middle to late Pleistocene age.

The spectacled bear is a relatively small species of bear native to South America. It has black fur with a distinctive beige-coloured marking across its face and upper chest. Males are 33% larger than females. Males can weigh 130 – 200 kilograms (286 – 440 lb), and females 35 – 60 kilograms (77 – 132 lb). They are found in several areas of northern and western South America, including western Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, western Bolivia, northwestern Argentina, and eastern Panama. Spectacled bears are the only surviving types of bear native to South America, and the only surviving member of the subfamily Tremarctinae. Their survival has depended mostly on their ability to climb even the highest trees of the Andes.

References 

Ursidaes
Michelangelo Antonioni

Michelangelo Antonioni  (, ; 29 September 1912 – 30 July 2007) was an Italian film director, screenwriter, editor, and painter. His best known movie is Blowup, made in 1966. He died on the same day as Ingmar Bergman, another famous director. He was born in Ferrara and died in Rome.

References

Other websites 

Italian movie directors
Italian screenwriters
People from Ferrara
1912 births
2007 deaths
Salvador de Madariaga

Salvador de Madariaga y Rojo (July 23, 1886 A Coruña, Spain - December 14, 1978 Locarno, Switzerland) was a Spanish diplomat, writer, historian and pacifist. He was the father of Nieves Mathews and professor/historian Dr. Isabel de Madariaga.  He was the grandfather of Javier Solana.

Related pages
Liberalism
Contributions to liberal theory

References

Other websites
 Cueva de Zaratustra  Madariaga and his Memorias de un federalista
Madariaga European Foundation 

1886 births
1978 deaths
Spanish writers
Spanish historians
People from A Coruña
Bislama

Bislama is one of the three national languages of Vanuatu. It is a new language, made during the last two or three hundred years by mixing English with some French and some local words. The way the words are put together is like people have talked in Vanuatu for a long time -- not like English or French words are put together.

Bislama is like this:
Stoa long haos - The store next to the house.
Buk blong mi - My book.
Bambae mi wantem bia - I will want beer.

History 
Between the 1870s and the 1880s, hundreds of thousands of Pacific islanders (many of them from the New Hebrides) were forced to work on plantations, mainly in the state of Queensland, Australia, and Fiji. A pidgin was formed out of the several languages spoken in these plantations. It combined English vocabulary with the grammar from the languages of the region. This early plantation pidgin was the origin of Bislama, Tok Pisin in Papua New Guinea and Pijin from the Solomon Islands.

This creole started spreading throughout the Vanuatu archipelago at the turn of the 20th century. Because there are 113 languages spoken in Vanuatu, Bislama serves as a lingua franca for communication. 

The first dictionary of Bislama was published in 1995. Its second edition was published in 2004. This has helped to create a standardised and uniform spelling of written Bislama.

Besides Bislama, most ni-Vanuatu also know their local language. The country's official languages used for education are English and French.

Grammar
Two frequent words in Bislama are "long" and "blong", which take the place of many prepositions in English.

"Long"
Long as 'next to', 'by', 'beside' etc.
Stoa long haos The store next to the house.
long as 'at' or 'to'
Mi bin stap long ples ia bifo I have been to this place before.
Mi stap long stoa I am at the store.
long as 'in'
Jea long haos The chair in the house.

Long has many other related meanings, and is sometimes used in improvisation.

"Blong"
Originally from the English word "belong", blong takes the place of 'of' or the genitive case in other languages. Just like of in English, it is one of the most widely used and versatile words in the language, and can indicate possession, country of origin, defining characteristics, intention, and others.

Buk blong mi The book that belongs to me, my book
Man blong Amerika Man from America, American.
Hemi woman blong saiens She is a woman of science, She is a scientist.
Man blong dring Man of drinking i.e. a drinker

Other websites 

Bislama languages resources, dictionary, translator, translaters, online training
Bislama spelling dictionary for Microsoft Word
Bislama Spelling Dictionary compiled by Daryl Moon (.pdf)
Bislama language A guide to speaking Bislama; dictionaries English-Bislama and Bislama-English
Bislama (Vanuatu) written by Terry Crowley Background (history, attitudes and use), vocabulary, sounds, grammar

Languages
Vanuatu
Tariq Ramadan

Tariq Said Ramadan (born 26 September 1962 in Geneva, Switzerland) is a Swiss Muslim academic and theologian. He thinks Islamic texts should be studied. He also thinks that Islamic society today is different from what it was when  the Koran was written. He therefore says that Muslims living in Europe need to adapt and change Islam, so they can contribute its values to a European society.

This position is often referred to as Euroislam.

In November 2017, multiple women accused Ramadan of rape. On 31 January 2018, Ramadan was taken into custody by French police. After two days of questioning, he was formally charged with two counts of rape and ordered to remain in custody.

References

1962 births
Living people
Muslims
Theologians
Swiss people
People from Geneva
Unterschleißheim

Unterschleißheim (Central Bavarian: Untaschleißheim) is a town in the Munich Rural District in Upper Bavaria, Germany.

References

Other websites

Munich (district)
Baierbrunn

Baierbrunn (Central Bavarian: Baiabrunn) is a municipality in the Munich Rural District in Upper Bavaria, Germany.

References

Other websites

Munich (district)
Fitna

Fitna is a short movie by Dutch politician Geert Wilders. The movie shows the motivation of Islam in relation to terrorism and Islam in the Netherlands.

On March 27, 2008, the movie was released on the Internet, at a video sharing site named liveleak (similar to YouTube). The next day the movie was removed by liveleak as the staff received threats.

2008 movies
Multilingual movies
Geert Wilders

Geert Wilders  (born 6 September 1963) is a Dutch right-wing populist and nationalist  politician, born in Venlo. He is a member of the Dutch Parliament. He joined the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy first, and in 2006 created and has become the leader for the Party for Freedom.

Politics 
He began working as an assistant (helper) for Frits Bolkestein in 1990. In September 2004, he left People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD in Dutch, the language spoken in the Netherlands). After that he made his own party named Groep Wilders. Later he changed the name to Partij voor de Vrijheid (Party for Freedom or PVV).

Fitna 

Fitna is a short movie made by Wilders. It was released on the Internet on 27 March 2008. Wilders' goal was to show people what he thinks about Islamization, using this movie.

References

Other websites 

 Wilders on the Party for Freedom website
 Geert Wilders Weblog

1963 births
Living people
Dutch councillors
Dutch party chairs
Islamophobia
Independent politicians in the Netherlands
Leaders of political parties in the Netherlands
Members of the House of Representatives of the Netherlands
Nationalists
Party for Freedom politicians
People from The Hague
People from Utrecht (city)
People from Venlo
People's Party for Freedom and Democracy politicians
Politicians from Limburg (Netherlands)
Writers from Limburg (Netherlands)
Cessna 182

The Cessna 182, marketed under the name Skylane, is a four-seat, single-engine, light airplane. It has the option of adding two child seats, installed in the baggage area.

Introduced in 1956, the 182 has been produced in a number of variants, including a version with retractable landing gear, and is the second most popular Cessna model, after the 172.

Civil aircraft
Cessna aircraft
Asparagus

Asparagus is a large genus of flowering plants with over 300 different species. Some of the plants are grown as ornamental plants. One of these is the "asparagus fern", Asparagus setaceus, which is not a real fern. The best known plant in this group is Asparagus officinalis, which is grown as a vegetable, and is usually eaten in spring.

Asparagus was one of the plants which Carl von Linné showed in his work Species Plantarum. A. officinalis is used as its type species.

Some species of asparagus are used in cooking. They are known to make urine smellier.

References

Other websites 
The names of different kinds of Asparagus

Vegetables
Asparagales
Armand David

Father Armand David (Espelette September 27, 1826 near Bayonne –November 10, 1900 in Paris) was a Lazarist missionary Catholic priest as well as a zoologist and a botanist. He discovered many new species in China. The best-known of the animals he discovered are the Giant Panda and the Père David's Deer and the Dove tree, Davidia involucrata

1826 births
1900 deaths

French botanists
French Roman Catholics
Missionaries
French zoologists
Père David's deer

Père David's deer (Elaphurus davidianus) is a species of deer. It is also known as Milu (麋鹿) in Chinese. In the past it went extinct in the wild and existed only in captivity. However, it has been reintroduced to the wild in some areas. It likes marshland, and is believed to be native to the subtropics. It eats a mixture of grass and water plants.

Characteristics 

Adults weigh between  and . They have a nine-month gestation period, and one or two fawns are born at a time. They reach maturity at about 14 months, and have been known to reach the age of 23 years.

Père David's deer has a long tail, wide hooves, and branched antlers. Adults have summer coats that are bright red with a dark dorsal stripe, and dark gray winter coats. The fawns are spotted.

Population 
This species of deer is native to China. By the late 19th century, the deer had become extinct in the wild. The only remaining herd belonged to the was Chinese emperor. He kept the deer in a royal hunting park in the southern part of Beijing. In 1895, a flood washed away part of the wall and some of the deer escaped. Most of these were then killed and eaten by the local population. This left fewer than 30 deer left in the park. Then in 1900, the park was occupied by German and Japanese soldiers during the Boxer Rebellion. These killed and ate the remaining deer. This left the deer nearly extinct in China. The last known deer in the wild in China was shot in 1939 near the Yellow Sea.

A few animals had been taken illegally to Europen countries to be put on show. In 1900, Herbrand Russell was determined to save the deer. He bought all that remained in captivity in Europe and brought them to Woburn Abbey, England. The deer survived through both World Wars due to the efforts of Russell and his son, Hastings. The current world population comes from this herd, and can be found in zoos around the world.

The deer began to be reintroduced in the wild in 1985, with a herd of 20 deer. These were placed in Nan Haizi Milu Park, Beijing, and Dafeng Reserve, Jiangsu Province, China. Other herds were added in 1986 and 1987.  By 2005, the wild population had increased to about 2,000.

References

Literature 
  Listed as Critically Endangered (CR D v2.3)
 Robert Twigger, The Extinction Club (William Morrow, 2001).   This is an account of the author's research into the Milu.

Other websites 

Père David's Deer at Animal Diversity Web

Deer
Mammals of Asia
Finite element method

The finite element method (FEM) is a numerical method of solving systems of differential equations. They are used extensively in many fields of engineering because they require very little knowledge of mathematics beyond basic algebra to use. It belongs to the Methods of Weighted residuals in that the problem is formulated such that some conditions are satisfied exactly, while others are satisfied only approximately or numerically (i.e., the "residual" being the difference between the exact solution and the approximate solution is weighted and minimized to get the best approximation).

While the ease of setting up a problem using finite elements and getting a solution is the reason for its popularity, it is also the cause of its frequent misuse and distrust of the answers obtained. Usually you have to check your results with an experiment before your model is acceptable for use. It is the author's observation that the use of finite elements in structural analysis is in particular poorly managed. Engineers typically begin working with FEM having very little knowledge of numerical methods or knowledge of finite element behavior. There are no standards and guidelines for modeling and few managers who understand well enough to regulate modeling. It has led to mistrust of the method, its arrested development, and some very bad analysis being performed that is copied by others. Much aircraft structural design is analyzed using FEM.

References

Related pages
 Calculus of variations
 Numerical methods for partial differential equations

Differential equations
Engineering
Sipoo

Sipoo (, ) is a municipality in Uusimaa, Finland. Sipoo had over 19,000 residents in the end of 2014. Neighbouring municipalities are Helsinki, Vantaa, Kerava, Tuusula, Järvenpää, Porvoo, Pornainen and Mäntsälä. The area of Sipoo is . The tax level of Sipoo is 18.75%. The leader of the municipality is Mikael Grannas.

Some villages
Broböle, Kalkkiranta, Söderkulla, Savijärvi and Västerskog.

Söderkulla is a local centre in the Southern Sipoo. There is an elementary school and many sports places as well as the haven there.

Centre village 
The centre of Sipoo is Nikkilä. There are several stores, bars and restaurants as well as many services in Nikkilä. There is one secondary school and many primary schools there. There are also a high school and a vocational school.

Nikkilä has two churces, an old one and a new one. The old church, Saint Sigfrid's church is a medieval stone church and was built in 1450-1454 although some of the parts have been added afterwards. The new red brick church was built in the year 1885 and designed by Theodore Decker.

Population growth

References

Other websites
Website (in Finnish)

Municipality of Sipoo  - Official Website (in English)

Municipalities of Uusimaa
Collar

In clothing, a collar is the part of a shirt, dress, coat or blouse that goes around or frames the neck. A collar may also be a separate or detachable item around the neck.

Basic English 850 words
Clothing
Frame

A frame is a flat container to hold something. It can also be an outer part of the structures.

Frame could also mean:

 Timber framing, a method of building for creating framed structures of heavy timber
 Framing (construction), a building term known as light frame construction
 Door frame or window frame, structures fixed to buildings, vehicles or other containers to which the hinges of doors or windows are attached and can be locked shut
 Frame and panel, a method of woodworking
 Framer, a carpenter who assembles major structural elements in constructing a building
 Frame of reference, the set of coordinates in which a system is observed
 Basis (linear algebra), an ordered basis is also called a "frame"
 Framework, software
 Film frame, one of the many single photographic images in a motion picture
 Frame (vehicle), on which the carrossery of the automobile is mounted
 Body-on-frame, construction technology for automobiles
 subframe
 chassis
 Picture frame, a solid border around a picture or painting
 Eyeglass frames

Basic English 850 words
Parcel

Parcel can mean several things:
 A mailable or shippable box.
 In real estate parcel is a unit of land under declared ownership (with or without buildings).

Basic English 850 words
Land hemisphere

The land hemisphere is the hemisphere on the Earth with the highest possible area of land. It is centered on  (near the city of Nantes, France). The other half of the Earth is the water hemisphere.

The land hemisphere has seven eighths of the land on the Earth. This would be four fifths of the land area if Antarctica were included in the land area of the World. Europe, Africa, North America, most of Asia and most of South America are in the land hemisphere. Europe is at the center of the land hemisphere. Because the area of the oceans of the land hemisphere is bigger than its land area, the land hemisphere means the hemisphere where most land is.

References 

Hemispheres
Water hemisphere

The water hemisphere is the hemisphere on the Earth with the highest area of water. It is centered on , near New Zealand. The other half of the Earth is the land hemisphere.

Not including Antartica, the water hemisphere has only one-eighth of the world's land,. Australia, New Zealand, a small part of Southeast Asia and the southern part of South America are in the water hemisphere.

Antarctica is included in the hemisphere, and most of it is certainly land. If it were included in the total land area of Earth, the water hemisphere would have one-fifth of the world's land. Most of the Pacific Ocean and the Indian Ocean are on the water hemisphere. The area of the oceans of the water hemisphere is much higher than its land area, but the area of the oceans of the land hemisphere is still higher than its land area.

References

Hemispheres
Oceans
Geography
Pasadena, California

Pasadena is a city in California. It is northeast of Los Angeles on Interstate 210 and the Metro Gold Line. As of 2008, it had a population of 133,936.

Every year, Pasadena has the Tournament of Roses Parade. The Rose Bowl Game is played after the parade.

Pasadena was settled by Tongva Indians and Mexican ranchers before California became a state.  In the 1880s, it became a city (making it the oldest city in the area after Los Angeles).  Pasadena was one of the hubs of the Pacific Electric Railroad. During the early 20th century, it was the eighth-largest city in California.

There are many historic buildings in Pasadena. They include the Gamble House, the Blacker House, and the historic homes in Bungalow Heaven.  There are also several colleges, including the California Institute of Technology.  Pasadena has an arts scene, with many famous people acting at the Pasadena Civic Auditorium or Pasadena Playhouse or putting paintings in the Norton Simon Museum.

 
1874 establishments in California
202 BC



Events
 Hasdrubal Gisco commits suicide to avoid being lynched by a Carthaginian mob.
 October 19 — The Battle of Zama ends the Second Punic War and largely destroys the power of Carthage. Roman and Numidian forces under the laedership of the Roman general Publius Cornelius Scipio and his Numidian ally, Masinissa, defeat a combined army of Carthaginians and their Numidian allies under the command of Hannibal and forces Carthage to capitulate. Hannibal loses 20,000 men in the defeat, but he is able to escape Masinissa's pursuit.

200s BC
Surprise

Surprise can mean many things:
 Surprise (emotion)
 Surprise party, a party where the person it is for is not told it will happen
 Surprise factor, the fundamental element in humor that puts a twist on familiar subjects
 Surprise, surprisal, or self-information, the information-theoretic quantity , where p is the probability of occurrence
 Symphony No. 94 (Haydn) in G major "Surprise Symphony" by Joseph Haydn
 "Surprise" (Buffy episode), an episode of the TV series Buffy the Vampire Slayer
 Surprise, Arizona, a city in the United States
 Surprise, Nebraska, a village in the United States
 Surprise (Paul Simon album), a 2006 album by Paul Simon
 Surprise (Better Than Ezra album), a 1989 album by Better Than Ezra
 (T)Raumschiff Surprise - Periode 1, a German science fiction parody movie by Michael "Bully" Herbig
 HMS Surprise, various real and fictional Royal Navy ships
 Ambush or military surprise, a military strategy to strike the enemy at a time or place or in a manner for which they are unprepared
 Surprise!, an award-winning short movie by Veit Helmer
 Surprise (animated movie), an animated short movie created by Pixar Animation Studios for Sesame Street
 Surprise Records, a record label
 "Surprise, Arizona" a song by Richard Buckner
Surprise Moriri, a South African football (soccer) player

Basic English 850 words
Red fox

The red fox (Vulpes vulpes) is a mammal of the order Carnivora. It is the biggest and most well-known species of fox. Red foxes are sometimes hunted for sport, or killed as pests or carriers of rabies.

Description 
Red foxes have long legs, pointed triangular black ears, a pointed snout, and a long bushy tail with a white tail tip. Like a cat's, the fox's thick tail helps it balance, but it has other uses as well. The tail (or "brush") of a red fox can be like a flag to communicate with other red foxes. The tail is also something of a food store.

Foxes also communicate with each other by urinating on trees or rocks, like dogs sometimes do. Its back, sides, and head are usually covered with reddish-brown fur, and its neck and chest are covered with white fur. Its legs and paws are normally black.

Hunting behavior and diet 
Red foxes hunt alone. Red foxes are omnivores. They feed on rodents, birds, rabbits, and other small animals. However, they will also eat fruit, vegetables, fish, frogs, lizards, eggs, insects and even worms. The red fox will continue to hunt even when it is full. It stores leftover food to eat later. When they are raised by humans domestically, they can also eat pet food. Red Foxes hunt mostly at night, sunset, and dawn.

When prey has been detected, the fox crouches low to the ground and moves towards it, while attempting to minimize any noise or visual warnings.  During the approach, the fox´s eyes remain on its prey. A chase starts once the fox has been seen. the prey escaping through dense bushes, or in the fox disabling it by biting it in the legs.

Mating 
Red foxes usually mate in the winter. The vixen (female fox) normally gives birth to a litter of 2 to 12 pups. When red foxes are born, they are brown or gray. Although a new red coat usually grows in one month, some red foxes have other colored coats such as golden, reddish-brown, silver, or even black. The mother of the pups feed them at first by regurgitating food into their mouths.

Sleep 
Foxes generally do not sleep in dens unless they are females who are giving birth to or raising cubs. Female foxes seek out dens made by other animals, like rabbits or badgers, but will dig their own den if necessary. Foxes in the wild curl up in a ball out in the open to sleep, keeping warm by covering themselves with their bushy tails. Foxes who live in urban areas may sleep under structures such as sheds.

Habitat 

It is native to America, Asia, and Europe. It was introduced to Australia in the 19th century.

References

Other websites 

http://animals.mom.me/foxes-sleep-7359.html

http://mynarskiforest.purrsia.com/ev6rhunt.htm

http://www.onekind.org/be_inspired/animals_a_z/fox_red/

Foxes
Mammals of North America
Mammals of Europe
Mammals of Asia
Mammals of Australia
Royal Surrey Gardens

The Royal Surrey Gardens were gardens in Kennington, London, during the Victorian period.  It was the site of Surrey Zoological Gardens and Surrey Music Hall.

Related pages 
 List of botanical gardens

Botanical gardens in the United Kingdom
Buildings and structures in London
Charles Spurgeon
Molar

Molars are special teeth found in mammals, and also the most complex sort of teeth. They are used for grinding food. 

Humans have 12 molars in total, in four groups of three at the back of the mouth. The molar which is the farthest back in each group is called a wisdom tooth. The wisdom teeth are the last teeth to appear, usually at around the age of eighteen. These final molars do not erupt in many people.

All molars and premolars have a structure for grinding food. They have elevated (~pointed) parts called cusps. These cusps are characteristics of the species in question, but in general they are found on the molars, and to a lesser extent on premolars.

Teeth

be:Маларэ
eo:Vangodento#Molaro
Qinling Mountains

The Qinling Mountains (Traditional Chinese: 秦嶺, Simplified Chinese: 秦岭) are a major mountain range. Most of them are in the Eastern province of Shaanxi, in China. The mountains provide a natural boundary between the North and South of the country. They support a large variety of plants and wildlife, some of which is found nowhere else on Earth.

Mountains of China
Love in This Club Part II

"Love In This Club Part II" is an R&B-Pop song written by Amber Rives and Usher, and recorded by Usher for his album Here I Stand. The song features Beyoncé and Lil Wayne, and it is a remix of the original song, but the structure and lyrics of the song are completely different from the original: "Love in This Club", so the song's name was changed to "Love in This Club Part II".

Chart Performance 

2008 songs
Usher songs
Beyoncé songs
Lower Silesian Voivodeship

Lower Silesian Voivodeship is one of the 16 Voivodeships of Poland. It can be found in the south-west Poland and in west Silesia (called Lower Silesia). The capital city is Wrocław. 

The voivodeship was created on 1 January 1999 out of the former Wrocław, Legnica, Wałbrzych and Jelenia Góra Voivodeships.

Karkonosze National Park and Stołowe Mountains National Park are both in Lower Silesian Voivodeship.

1999 establishments in Poland
Voivodeships of Poland
Unterhaching

Unterhaching (Central Bavarian: Untahaching or simply Haching) is a municipality in the Munich Rural District in Upper Bavaria, Germany.

References

Other websites

Munich (district)
Air France-KLM

Air France-KLM is a French airline company that made a megafusion in 2004 with the Dutch airline company, KLM. They are both worth US$20 billion together.

References

Other websites 
Air France-KLM Financial page 
Air France-KLM Group Company profile from Yahoo!

Airlines of Europe
Airlines of France
Oberschleißheim

Oberschleißheim (Central Bavarian: Obaschleißheim) is a municipality in the Munich Rural District in Upper Bavaria, Germany. The Schleissheim Palace is in Oberschleißheim.

References

Other websites

Munich (district)
Gräfelfing

Gräfelfing (Central Bavarian: Grefefing) is a municipality in the Munich Rural District in Upper Bavaria, Germany.

References

Other websites

Munich (district)
Neuried, Bavaria

Neuried (Central Bavarian: Neiriad ba Minga) is a municipality in the Munich Rural District in Upper Bavaria in Germany.

References

Other websites

Munich (district)
Oberhaching

Oberhaching (Central Bavarian: Obahaching) is a municipality in the Munich Rural District in Upper Bavaria, Germany.

References

Other websites

Munich (district)
Upper Bavaria

Upper Bavaria (, ; ) is one of seven government regions in Bavaria, Germany.

References
Rosenheim

Rosenheim (; ) is a city in Upper Bavaria, Germany. It does not belong to a rural district, but it is an urban district itself. The rivers of the Inn and the Mangfall come together in Rosenheim.

References
Ansbach

Ansbach (; ; East Franconian: Anschba) is a city in Middle Franconia, Germany.

References

Other websites

  (German, English, French)
 Ansbach information
 
 

Ansbach (district)
Towns in Bavaria
Kempten

Kempten (Central Bavarian: Kempten im Allgai, Swabian: Kempte im Allgai) is a town in Swabia, Germany.

References

Swabia (Bavaria)
Landshut

Landshut (; ) is a city in Lower Bavaria, Germany.

References
USA Today

USA Today is a daily newspaper founded by Al Neuharth. It has the most readers of any daily newspaper in the United States. About 2.25 million copies are sold on a weekday. It comes second worldwide. The Times of India sells about 2.6 million copies on a weekday.

The paper was founded in 1982. It has a much more colorful markup than other national newspapers, like The New York Times or Wall Street Journal. Its use of graphics makes its content rather like a tabloid. It is a middle-ground, middle-class paper.

The paper became known for taking national polls before elections. It is connected, through its owners Gannet Company, to the tv show USA Today. It also has a significant news website.

References 

Newspapers in the United States
1982 establishments in the United States
English-language television programs
Cologne Cathedral

Cologne Cathedral (German: Hohe Domkirche St. Petrus or commonly Kölner Dom) is a Roman Catholic cathedral in Cologne, Germany. It is the cathedral church for the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Cologne.

The cathedral has a height of 157.25 metres. This makes it the second-highest in Germany and the third-highest in the world. The cathedral in Ulm, the Ulm Minster at 161 metres is the highest in the world. The Basilica of Our Lady of Peace of Yamoussoukro is also higher, at 158 metres, but it only has the status of a minor basilica, it is not a cathedral.
The cathedral is also the third-biggest church, built in Gothic architecture. The Seville Cathedral in Seville, Spain, and the Milan Cathedral in Milan, Italy are bigger. 

The Cologne Cathedral was built in Gothic style from 15 August 1248. It was planned to make the cathedral like the one in Amiens. The choir was consecrated in 1322. The first bell could be hung in one of the towers shortly after 1410. Around 1510, the construction was stopped, because people had lost interest. The last payment for its construction was made in 1560.

For 300 years, Cologne had an unfinished cathedral. The cathedral was finished in 1880, still following the original plans.

The cathedral became a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1996. 

The cathedral is one of the most popular sights in Germany. In 2001, there were five million visitors, in 2004, there were six million visitors. Pope Benedict XVI visited the cathedral in 2005.

Images of the Cologne Cathedral

References

Buildings and structures in North Rhine-Westphalia
Cathedrals in Germany
Cologne
Roman Catholic Cathedrals
World Heritage Sites in Germany
1248 establishments
1240s establishments in Europe
13th-century establishments in Germany
T.N.T. (album)

T.N.T. is the second studio album by Australian hard rock band AC/DC, released in Australia December 1975.

Track listing

 "It's a Long Way to the Top (If You Wanna Rock 'n' Roll)" – 5:15
 "Rock 'n' Roll Singer" – 5:04
 "The Jack" – 5:52
 "Live Wire" – 5:49
 "T.N.T." – 3:35
 "Rocker" – 2:51
 "Can I Sit Next to You Girl" (Young, Young) – 4:12
 "High Voltage" – 4:22
 "School Days" (Chuck Berry) – 5:21

References

AC/DC albums
1975 albums
Hard rock albums
Rock and roll albums
Blues rock albums