cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Watchmen

Watchmen is a Hugo Award-winning graphic novel. It was written by Alan Moore, illustrated by Dave Gibbons, and published by DC Comics from 1986–1987. In 2005, Time magazine listed Watchmen as one "the 100 best English-language novels from 1923 to the present".

Story
Watchmen is set in an alternate history during the 1980s. The United States is about to enter a nuclear war with the Soviet Union. Earlier, superheroes helped the United States win the Vietnam War. Now, superheroes work for the government (Doctor Manhattan, The Comedian), are retired (Nite Owl, Adrian Veidt/Ozymandias, Silk Spectre), or work illegally (Rorschach).

After The Comedian is murdered, the other superheroes work together to figure out the killer's identity. In the beginning, Rorschach believes other superheroes are in danger and warns them. Soon after, Doctor Manhattan leaves Earth for Mars, creating more turmoil. Nite Owl starts to believe Rorschach. Together they discover Adrian Veidt has murdered The Comedian and framed Doctor Manhattan to protect his plan. Veidt says he wants to fake an alien invasion to avoid an atomic war.

By this time, Veidt's plan has already occurred. Many New York City residents have been killed. Doctor Manhattan kills Rorschach, the only superhero who wanted to reveal Veidt's secret. All living superheroes have now retired. The world is unified.

References

Comics
Hugo Award winning books
Vocalion Records

Vocalion Records was a record label which made records in the United States and in the United Kingdom.

Related pages
 List of record labels

Other websites 
 History of Brunswick and Vocalion
  Vocalion compact discs 

American record labels
Municipalities of Belgium

Belgium is made of 589 municipalities (Dutch: gemeenten, French: communes, German: Gemeinde). These municipalities are grouped into ten provinces (five belonging to the Flemish Region with 308 municipalities, five to the Walloon Region with 262 municipalities), and the Brussels-Capital Region (with 19 municipalities).

Usually, municipalities are the smallest subdivisions of Belgium, but in municipalities with more than 100,000 people living there, they get divided into districts ().

Other websites 
Vereniging van Vlaamse Steden en Gemeenten– Association of Flemish Cities and Municipalities
Union des Villes et Communes de Wallonie– Union of Cities and Municipalities of Wallonia
AVCB-VSGB– Association of the City and Municipalities of the Brussels-Capital Region
Provinces of Belgium

Belgium is divided into three regions (Flemish Region, Walloon Region and Brussels-Capital Region), two of them are subdivided into five provinces each.

Provinces of the Flemish Region

Provinces of the Walloon Region

3rd Province (Eupen-Sankt Vith) 
Because the German-speaking Community is found in the Province of Liège, people want a third province: the Province of Eupen-Sankt Vith, which would be made up of the 9 municipalities of the German-speaking Community.

References

Other websites 
Vereniging van de Vlaamse Provincies (Association of the Flemish Provinces)
Association des Provinces wallonnes (Association of the Walloon Provinces)
Mikhail Nesterov

Mikhail Vasilyevich Nesterov () (, Ufa – 18 October 1942, Moscow) was a Russian painter. He was a very important painter for religious symbolism in Russian art. He studied under Pavel Tchistyakov at the Imperial Academy of Arts. Later, he felt attracted to  the group of artists known as the Peredvizhniki. His canvas The Vision of the Youth Bartholomew (1890–91) is often considered to mark the inauguration of the Russian Symbolist movement. This painting shows the conversion of Sergii Radonezhsky. From 1890 to 1910, Nesterov lived in Kiev and St Petersburg, working on frescoes in St. Vladimir's Cathedral and the Church on Spilt Blood, respectively. After 1910, he spent the rest of his life in Moscow, working in the Marfo-Mariinsky Convent. As a devout Orthodox Christian, he did not accept the Bolshevik Revolution but remained in Russia until his death, painting the portraits of Ivan Ilyin, Ivan Pavlov, Otto Schmidt, and Vera Mukhina, among others.

Other websites

Detailed biography (in Russian) 
Online Nesterov gallery (in English)

1862 births
1942 deaths
Russian Orthodox Christians
Russian painters
AMC Gremlin

AMC Gremlin   was a car produced by American Motors from 1970 through 1978.

1970s automobiles
Manichaeism

Manichaeism (in Modern Persian  Āyin e Māni) was one of the major Iranian Gnostic and dualist religions. Originally it came from Sassanid Persia. Most of the original writings of the founding prophet Mani (Syriac, , c. AD 210–276) have been lost, but many translations and fragmentary texts have survived. Manichaeism was big between the third and seventh centuries. At its height it was one of the most widespread religions in the world. Manichaean churches and scriptures existed as far east as China and as far west as the Roman Empire. Manichaeism appears to have died out before the sixteenth century in southern China.

The original six sacred books of Manichaeism were written in Syriac Aramaic. They were soon translated into other languages to help spread the religion.  As they spread to the east, the Manichaean writings passed through Middle Persian, Parthian, Sogdian, and ultimately Uyghur and Chinese translations.  As they spread to the west, they were translated into Greek, Coptic, and Latin. The spread and success of Manichaeism were seen as a threat to other religions, and it was widely persecuted in Christian, Zoroastrian, and later, Islamic areas.

Esotericism
Ford Windstar

The Ford Windstar was a minivan produced by Ford Motor Company from 1995 through 2003 in two generations.  

The Windstar was replaced by the Ford Freestar and Mercury Monterey in 2004.  

1990s automobiles
2000s automobiles
Windstar
LDV Convoy

LDV Convoy is a van and minibus made by LDV Limited from 1996 to 2006.

Between 2000-2005 the model was improved at the front and back, It had a transparent front and back headlights.

In 2006 the Convoy was replaced by the LDV Maxus.

Related pages
LDV Pilot

References

Other websites

Vans
Buses
Ford Freestar

The Ford Freestar was a minivan produced by Ford Motor Company from 2004 through 2007. Ford claimed it was "all-new", but it was just a modern version of the Ford Windstar minivan. The name changed because Ford wanted to start every car name with the letter "F". (Other cars named like this were the Ford Five Hundred and Ford Fusion.)  
 
The Freestar had room for seven people inside. It was front-wheel drive like the Ford Windstar and its sibling the Mercury Monterey. The Freestar and Monterey minivan had nearly the same platform as the Windstar.  
 
The Freestar and Monterey minivan didn't sell too well because people were buying SUV's instead. This caused them both to stop being produced. Ford made the Ford Flex in 2008 to replace the Freestar and Monterey minivan. The Flex had a new design which did not look like the Freestar or Monterey minivan any more.  

2000s automobiles
Freestar
Cambuslang

Cambuslang (Scottish Gaelic for Camas Long from camas - river bend, long - ship) is a town on the south-eastern outskirts of Glasgow, Scotland located within the local authority area of South Lanarkshire. It is known as "the largest village in Scotland", with a population of around 24,500.

Towns in South Lanarkshire
Rigside

Rigside is a small village in South Lanarkshire, Scotland, about 5 miles from the town of Lanark, and less than a mile from Douglas Water. It lies on the A70 road to Ayr, and has approximately 800 inhabitants. Rigside used to be a mining village.

Towns in South Lanarkshire
Lesmahagow

Lesmahagow (Gaelic: Lios MoChuda) is a small town on the edge of moorland, near Lanark in the central belt of Scotland, and is also known as Abbey Green.

Towns in South Lanarkshire
Larkhall

Larkhall is a town in South Lanarkshire, Scotland, and is around 18 miles southeast of Glasgow. It had a population of 15,549 recorded in the 2001 census, and is a typical west of Scotland industrial town.

Towns in South Lanarkshire
Stonehouse, South Lanarkshire

Stonehouse is a small rural village in South Lanarkshire, Scotland. It is on Avon Water in an area of natural beauty and historical interest, near to the Clyde Valley.

Towns in South Lanarkshire
Rutherglen

Rutherglen (pronounced: ruh-ther-glen) is a town in South Lanarkshire, Scotland. Rutherglen comes from the Gaelic An Ruadh Ghleann, meaning "the red valley". In 1975, it lost its own local council and administratively became a component of the City of Glasgow. In 1996 Rutherglen was reallocated to the South Lanarkshire council area.

History
Rutherglen remains the oldest royal burgh in Scotland, being more than 500 years older than Glasgow. It was a centre of heavy industry, having a long coal mining tradition which died out by 1950, and was until the 1960s home to the infamous White's chemical works, which was responsible for huge swathes of the area from southern Glasgow across to the town of Cambuslang being polluted with chromium waste. Rutherglen, and most of the towns encircling the city, are now dormitory suburbs of Glasgow.

Towns in South Lanarkshire
Ford Taurus

The Ford Taurus was a car produced by Ford Motor Company from 1986 through 2006. In 2008 Ford sold a rebadged Ford Five Hundred as the Taurus. They also renamed the Ford Freestyle crossover CUV as the “Taurus X”. These cars were produced through the 2015 model year. For 2016 Ford showed a new luxury version of the Taurus. But this version was only sold in China. Ford ended production of the Taurus shortly after due to falling sales and increased demand for crossover models and SUV's.

Versions
The Ford Taurus has had several different changes to the way it was built. Each different version is called a Generation.

References 

1980s automobiles
1990s automobiles
2000s automobiles
Taurus
Full-size vehicles
Aberdeenshire

Aberdeenshire () is the name of both a county and of one of the 32 unitary council areas in Scotland.  The two are not the same area.

County 

Aberdeenshire stretches from the east coast of Scotland up into the mountains.  It is between Kincardineshire and Angus (south) and Banffshire (west).  Aberdeen is the county town.

Aberdeenshire is mainly countryside and mountain, except in Aberdeen.  Aberdeen is one of Britain's richest towns because it serves the North Sea oil rigs.

Fraserburgh is a large fishing port.

Council area 

The Aberdeenshire council area takes in the historic counties of Aberdeenshire and Kincardineshire and half of Banffshire.  It does not include Aberdeen City though, which is a Council Area in its own right. However, Aberdeenshire Council does have its headquarters at Woodhill House, in Aberdeen; the only Scottish council whose headquarters are based outside its area's border.

Aberdeenshire borders Angus and Perth and Kinross to the south, and Highland and Moray to the west.
Alford, Aberdeenshire

Alford (pronounced "aaford") is a large village in Aberdeenshire, north-east Scotland, lying just south of the River Don. The place-name is thought to come from the Scots "auld ford"; its original position being on the banks of the Don. The "L" sound in the word has, over time, been dropped, and is silent.

Notable residents 
 Alford is the birthplace of the renowned poet, Charles Murray.
 Stewart Milne, chairman of both the Stewart Milne Group and Aberdeen Football Club was born nearby and attended school in Alford
 Alford is also the birthplace of the person who played the most games for Glasgow Rangers, Douglas Herbert Gray, who played 948 games for the team.

References 

Towns in Aberdeenshire
Ballater

Ballater is a burgh in Aberdeenshire, Scotland on the River Dee, immediately east of the Cairngorm Mountains.

Notable residents 
 Sir Patrick Geddes, biologist and botanist.

References 

Towns in Aberdeenshire
Mary Douglas

Mary Douglas, DBE, FBA (25 March 1921 – 16 May 2007) was a British anthropologist, known for her writings on human culture and symbolism.

Works
The Lele of the Kasai (1963)
Purity and Danger: An Analysis of Concepts of Pollution and Taboo (1966)
Pollution (1968)
Natural Symbols: Explorations in Cosmology (1970)
Implicit Meanings: Essays in Anthropology (1975)
 “Jokes” Rethinking Popular Culture: Contemporary Perspectives in Cultural Studies (1975); edited by Chandra Mukerji and Michael Schudson
The World of Goods (1979) with Baron Isherwood
Evans-Pritchard (1980)
Risk and Culture (1980) with Aaron Wildavsky
In the Active Voice (1982)
How Institutions Think (1986)
Missing persons: a critique of the social sciences (1988) with Steven Ney
Risk and Blame: Essays in Cultural Theory (1992)
In the Wilderness: The Doctrine of Defilement in the Book of Numbers (1993)
Thought styles: Critical essays on good taste (1996)
Leviticus as Literature (1999)
Constructive Drinking: Perspectives on Drink from Anthropology (2002)
Jacob's Tears: The Priestly Work of Reconciliation (2004)
Thinking in Circles (2007)

1921 births
2007 deaths
British writers
British anthropologists
Westhill

Westhill is a town in Aberdeenshire, in the parish of Skene, directly west of Aberdeen. It is connected to the city by the A944 road.  It is also near Skene, and has a swimming pool, tennis courts, carnival and theme park.

References

Towns in Aberdeenshire
Zora Neale Hurston

Zora Neale Hurston (January 7, 1891–January 28, 1960) was an American folklorist and author during the time of the Harlem Renaissance, best known for the 1937 novel Their Eyes Were Watching God. Hurston was a Republican.

Bibliography
Color Struck (1925) in Opportunity Magazine
Sweat (1926)
How It Feels to Be Colored Me (1928)
Hoodoo in America (1931) in The Journal of American Folklore
The Gilded Six-Bits (1933)
Jonah's Gourd Vine (1934)
Mules and Men (1935)
Tell My Horse (1937)
Their Eyes Were Watching God (1937)
Moses, Man of the Mountain (1939)
Dust Tracks on a Road (1942)
Seraph on the Suwanee (1948)
I Love Myself When I Am Laughing...and Then Again When I Am Looking Mean and Impressive: A Zora Neale Hurston Reader (edited by Alice Walker; introduction by Mary Helen Washington) (1979)
Sanctified Church (1981)
Spunk: Selected Stories (1985)
Mule Bone: A Comedy of Negro Life (play, with Langston Hughes; edited with introductions by George Houston Bass and Henry Louis Gates, Jr., and the complete story of the Mule bone controversy.) (1991)
The Complete Stories (introduction by Henry Louis Gates, Jr. and Sieglinde Lemke) (1995)
Barracoon (1999)

References

1891 births
1960 deaths
Writers from Alabama
American anthropologists
Ruth Landes

Ruth Landes (October 8, 1908, New York City – February 11, 1991, Ontario, Canada) was an American cultural anthropologist best known for studies on Brazilian candomblé cults and her published study on the topic, City of Women (1947). Landes is recognized by some as a pioneer in the study of race and gender relations.

Bibliography
Selected books
 Ojibwa Sociology (1937)
 The Ojibwa Woman (1938) 
 The City of Women (1947) 
 Culture in American Education: Anthropological Approaches to Minority and Dominant Groups in the Schools (1965)
 Latin Americans of the Southwest (1965)
 A cidade das mulheres (1967) (Portuguese translation of The City of Women.)
 The Mystic Lake Sioux: Sociology of the Mdewakantonwan Sioux (1968)
 Ojibwa Religion and the Midewiwin (1968)
 The Prairie Potawatomi: Tradition and Ritual in the Twentieth Century (1970)

References

 Cole, Sally. 2003. Ruth Landes: A Life in Anthropology. University of Nebraska.
 Register to the Papers of Ruth Schlossberg Landes , National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution

Scientists from New York
American anthropologists
People from New York City
Columbia University alumni
1908 births
1991 deaths
Ashfield, Stirling

Ashfield is a village in Stirling, Scotland.

Villages in Stirling council
Auchtubh

Auchtubh is a village in Stirling, Scotland.

Villages in Stirling council
Balfron

Balfron, is a village in the Stirling council area of Scotland. It is near Endrick Water on the A875 road, 18 miles (29 km) west of Stirling and 16 miles (26 km) north of Glasgow. Although a rural settlement, it lies within commuting distance of Glasgow, and serves as a dormitory town. It has shops, a health centre, a village hall and a secondary school (Balfron High School). The village also contains a fire station, garage, ambulance depot, police station, primary school, bowling green and an 18 hole golf course. The residential special school Ballikinrain is also located in Balfron and caters to intervening for boys with special needs from all over Scotland.

References

Villages in Stirling council
Deanston

Deanston is a village in the district of Stirling, 
Scotland, on the south bank of the River Teith, formerly of West Perthshire. It is a part of the parish of Kilmadock.

Villages in Stirling council
Drymen

Drymen is a village in Stirling district in central Scotland.  Drymen lies to the west of the Campsie Fells and enjoys views to Dumgoyne on the east and to Loch Lomond on the west. The Queen Elizabeth Forest reaches down to the village edge, and the whole area is part of the Loch Lomond and the Trossachs National Park (the first National Park in Scotland).

Villages in Stirling council
Inversnaid

Inversnaid is a village on the east bank of Loch Lomond in Scotland, near the north end of the loch.  It has a pier and a hotel, and the West Highland Way passes through the village. A small passenger ferry runs from Inversnaid to Inveruglas on the opposite shore of the loch. To reach Inversnaid by road involves a lengthy overland route from Aberfoyle. It is also the title of a poem by Gerard Manley Hopkins.

References

Villages in Stirling council
Gartmore

Gartmore is a village in the Stirling council area, Scotland. It is a picturesque little village with an excellent view of the Wallace Monument in Stirling, almost 25 miles away.
Formerly in lowland Perthshire, it is one mile from the A81 Glasgow to Aberfoyle road, three miles south of Aberfoyle.

Villages in Stirling council
Gargunnock

Gargunnock is a small village in the Stirling council area approximately seven miles west of Stirling, in Scotland. The 2001 census population was 944.

Other websites
 Gargunnock.com

Villages in Stirling council
Crianlarich

Crianlarich (A' Chrìon Làraich in Gaelic) is a village in Stirling district, Scotland, about six miles north-east of the head of Loch Lomond. Until 1975, it was in the historic county of Perthshire. The village's name derives from the Gaelic for "low pass", relating to its geographical location.

Villages in Stirling council
Croftamie

Croftamie is a small village near Drymen in Scotland. The village was traditionally part of Dunbartonshire, but a minor change in boundaries means that it is now under Stirling Council.

Other websites
 Community Council 

Villages in Stirling council
Cambuskenneth

Cambuskenneth (Gaelic: Camas Sgeanail) is a village in the city of Stirling, in central Scotland. It has a population of 250 and is the site of the historic Cambuskenneth Abbey. It is by the River Forth and the only road access to the village is along Ladysneuk Road from Alloa Road in Causewayhead.

Villages in Stirling council
Volvo S80

Volvo S80 is a car produced by Volvo from 1998 to 2016 in two generations. The first generation was made from 1998 to 2006. The second generation was made from 2006 to 2016 and had an estate variant called V70. In 2016 the car was replaced by the S90. 

S80
1990s automobiles
2000s automobiles
2010s automobiles
Garhi Yasin

Garhi Yasin is a town and taluka in the north of Sindh province of Pakistan. It is the second largest town in the Shikarpur District. It is also one of the four divisions of the districts. The town has a population of more than 14,000. Garhi Yasin is on the right bank of River Indus. The area has always been important as a part of the trade route through the Bolan Pass.

The town is named after its founder, Yasin Khan Pathan. Sindhi is the common language of the people in this region. The population of the town includes members of many different tribes. These tribes include the Pathan,mangi, Memon, Soomra, Shaikh, Syed, Mirani, Qazi, Bhutta, Abra, Channa, Lashari, Bhatti, Dinari, Mahar, Kakepota, Brohi and others. Beside a large number of Hindu, Punjabi and some Muhajirs (from India) also live in the town. The people live here without any discrimination of caste, color, language and religion.

History
Home to the to the politically prominent Kamario, Isani and Agha families, Garhi Yaseen has been one of the centres from which Shikarpur and Sindh have been ruled in recent history.

Education
The town has a secondary school, three high schools, several primary schools, a Mono Technique School and many vocational schools (in fields of study such as typing, Commercial and Computer).

Economy
The area has both an industrial and agricultural economy.

Agriculture
Much of the area is irrigated. Major productions of the area are rice, wheat and pulses. Other crops including maize, sugarcane, vegetables and fruits are also grown.

Industry
The town has a small market. Many different items are made in the town. These include handicrafts, metalware, furniture, bricks and pottery. Hand loom weaving of the area used to be very popular.

Geography
The area the town is on is mainly an alluvial plain (flood plain). The Sukkur Barrage, built in the 1920s and 1930s, cause much damage the land in this area. 

The climate is very hot and dry.

References 

Settlements in Sindh
Talukas of Sindh
Binturong

A binturong (Arctictis binturong) is a large, rare mammal that lives in trees in the dense forests of southeast Asia. The binturong is also often called a bearcat because it looks like both a bear and a cat.

Description 
Binturongs have thick, black fur, a long, muscular tail, and long, stiff, white whiskers. They use their prehensile tail almost like another hand; young binturongs can even hang by their tail. Binturongs grow to be up to about 5 feet (1.5 m) long. Like other civets, the binturongs use scent marks to communicate with other binturongs. In captivity, binturongs live for about 30 years.

Diet 
Binturongs eat fruit and small animals that they find using their sense of smell to find food. They hunt for food at night - they are nocturnal.

Related pages
Mammal

References 

Viverrids
Kippen

Kippen is a small village approximately  west of the city of Stirling, Scotland (also referred to as the Kingdom of Kippen).  It lies between the Gargunnock and Fintry hills and overlooks the strath of the River Forth.  The name probably comes from Gaelic, and means "Place of the little stump", "outcrop" or "block".

References

Villages in Stirling council
Kilmahog

Kilmahog  ( = Cell of St. Chug) is a hamlet situated half a mile to the west of Callander, Scotland, at the junction of the Trossachs and Lochearnhead roads.

References

Stirling
Hamlets in Scotland
Killin

Killin (, 'the White [or Fair] Church') is a village with about 640 people. It is at the western head of Loch Tay in Stirling (formerly Perthshire), Scotland.

Villages in Stirling council
Killearn

Killearn () is a small village of approximately 1700 people in the Stirling council area of Scotland.  The village is located about  north of Glasgow, and  away from Loch Lomond.  The Glengoyne distillery is also situated just outside the village.

Other websites

Villages in Stirling council
Balmaha

Balmaha (Gaelic: Baile MoThatha) is a small village on the eastern shore of Loch Lomond in the council area of Stirling, Scotland.

The village has a few shops. There is an inn called the Oak Tree Inn. There is also a village shop, selling gifts and food. There is also a visitor centre. 

Villages in Stirling council
Balquhidder

Balquhidder () is a small village in the Stirling council area of Scotland. It is overlooked by the dramatic mountain terrain of the Braes of Balquhidder, at the head of Loch Voil. Balquhidder Glen is also popular for fishing, nature watching and walking. Above the village, Creag an Tuirc is a fine viewpoint, well worth the short climb.

References

Villages in Stirling council
Bannockburn

Bannockburn is a small town immediately south of the city of Stirling in Scotland.  It is named after the Bannock Burn, a burn (small stream) running through the town before flowing into the River Forth.

Stirling
Towns in Scotland
Georg Michael Telemann

Georg Michael Telemann (born 20 April 1748 in Plön, died March 4, 1831 in Riga) was a German composer and theologian. He is mainly known for the Church music he wrote. His grandfather, Georg Philipp Telemann, is better known.

German composers
1748 births
1831 deaths
Blair Drummond

Blair Drummond (sometimes known as Blairdrummond) is a small rural community near Stirling in Scotland. It is along the A84 road.

Villages in Stirling council
Blairlogie

Blairlogie is at the base of the great cliff of Dumyat between Stirling and Menstrie was one of central Scotland's earliest Conservation Villages. Blairlogie mainly has cottages from the 17th through the 19th centuries.

Between 1598 and 1609, the minister of Logie Parish was the poet Alexander Hume.

Villages in Stirling council
Boquhan

Boquhan is a hamlet in Stirling, Scotland near the bigger villages of Killearn and Balfron. It is also called Wester Boquhan.

Hamlets in Scotland
Alan Keyes

Alan Lee Keyes (born August 7, 1950) is a conservative American political activist, author, and former diplomat, and candidate for public office. He ran for President of the United States in 1996, 2000, and 2008, and was a Republican nominee for the U.S. Senate in 1988, 1992, and 2004.

References

Harvard University alumni
1996 United States presidential candidates
2000 United States presidential candidates
2008 United States presidential candidates
Politicians from New York City
1950 births
Living people
American political activists
Hurricane Kenna

Hurricane Kenna was a destructive hurricane of the 2002 Pacific hurricane season. It was one of the strongest Pacific hurricanes to ever strike Mexico.

Kenna formed in the eastern Pacific on October 22. It strengthened rapidly, reaching category five on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale on October 25. Hurricane Kenna weakened to category four before striking land near Puerto Vallarta later that day. The only Pacific hurricanes to strike Mexico at greater intensity were 1976's Hurricane Madeline and an unnamed 1959 storm.

Officials reported four deaths from Hurricane Kenna.

Other websites 
Tropical Cyclone Report - Hurricane Kenna 

2002 in weather
East Pacific hurricanes
Retired tropical cyclone names
Hurricanes in Mexico
2000s in Mexico
Hurricane John (1994)

Hurricane John was the longest-lived tropical cyclone ever observed, tracking from the Eastern Pacific to the Western Pacific and crossing back to the Central Pacific for 31 days total.

The precursor to Hurricane John was a tropical wave that moved off the coast of Africa on July 25th. It moved across the unfavorable Atlantic, and reached the Eastern Pacific on August 8th. It slowly organized, and became Tropical Depression 10-E on August 11th, 300 nautical miles south-southeast of Acapulco, Mexico. Conditions were not ideal for development, but it developed banding features and well-defined outflow, and managed to strengthen to become Tropical Storm John later that day.

A strong ridge of high pressure over the Northeastern Pacific Ocean forced John westward, where upper level shear kept John a tropical storm as its intensity fluctuated. The shear greatly lessened greatly on the 19th, and John became a hurricane on the 20th. Later that day, it became a major hurricane, and crossed into the Central Pacific shortly thereafter.

Hurricane John continued to strengthen, and reached a peak of 150 knots (175 mph winds) on the 23rd, passing 300 nautical miles south of Hawaii. John had posed a threat to the island days before, but the ridge of high pressure pushed John safely south of the island. The hurricane still caused heavy waves and rains, though. During these days, John's intensity was constantly checked by Air Force Reserve aircraft reconnaissance.

John turned more northerly, where it steadily weakened to a minimal hurricane on the 26th. Then, it crossed just north of Johnston Island, where it caused moderate damage. Conditions again favored strengthening, and John re-strengthened to a 135 mph Category 4 hurricane, but upper level shear again weakened it. John crossed the International Date Line, and became Typhoon John.

The system continued to weaken, becoming a tropical storm on the 31st and a tropical depression on the 2nd while drifting eastward. John looped back to the northwest, and gradually restrengthened. An upper trough pulled the storm to the northeast on the 7th, and re-entered the Central Pacific on the 8th. John became a hurricane again late on the 8th, and retained that intensity for another day. Upper level shear weakened the hurricane to a tropical storm on the 10th, and John became extratropical in the North Central Pacific about a thousand miles south of Unalaska Island. John dissipated later that day, after an unprecedented 31 days at sea.

East Pacific hurricanes
1994 in North America
20th century in Hawaii
Hurricane–Typhoon Paka

Hurricane Paka (international designation: 9728, JTWC designation: 05C, PAGASA designation: Rubing, also known as  Typhoon Paka) was the last tropical cyclone in the 1997 Pacific hurricane and typhoon season, and was among the strongest Pacific typhoons in the month of December. Paka, which is the Hawaiian name for Pat, developed on November 28 from a trough well to the southwest of Hawaii. The storm tracked generally westward for much of its duration, and on December 7 it crossed into the western Pacific Ocean. Much of its track was characterized by fluctuations in intensity, and on December 10 the cyclone attained typhoon status as it crossed the Marshall Islands. On December 16, Paka struck Guam and Rota with winds of 230 km/h (145 mph), and it strengthened further to reach peak winds on December 18 over open waters. Subsequently, it underwent a steady weakening trend, and on December 23 Paka dissipated.

Typhoon Paka first impacted the Marshall Islands, where it dropped heavy rainfall and left $80 million in damage (1997 USD, $100 million 2007 USD). Later, it passed just north of Guam, where strong winds destroyed about 1,500 buildings and damaged 10,000 more; 5,000 people were left homeless, and the island experienced a complete power outage following the typhoon. Damage on the island totaled $500 million (1997 USD, $645 million 2007 USD), which warranted the retirement of its name. Paka also caused light damage in the Northern Marianas Islands, and overall the storm caused no reported deaths.

References

Retired tropical cyclone names
Pacific typhoons
Hurricane Pauline

Hurricane Pauline was a destructive hurricane of the 1997 Pacific hurricane season and one of the deadliest.

Pauline formed in the eastern Pacific on October 6. It strengthened rapidly, reaching category four on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale on the next day. After a brief period of weakening to a category three, it re-intensified back to a category four, moving roughly parallel to the Mexican coast.Pauline then made landfall, slamming into Mexico. Heavy rains and high winds caused damage as the storm skirted the coast.

There were 300-400 deaths, and heavy damage to Acalpulco. The name was retired and replaced by Patricia for the 2003 Pacific hurricane season.

Hurricanes in Mexico
Deadly storms
Retired tropical cyclone names
1997 Pacific hurricane season
1990s in Mexico
Hurricane Linda (1997)

Hurricane Linda of 1997 was the strongest hurricane ever Recorded in the east Pacific, until Hurricane Patricia in 2015 with continued winds of 160 knots and gusting to 190 knots, and a central pressure of 902 mbar. It was part of an abnormally active season for both the Eastern and Western Pacific Basins.

Since it was far from land, it did not cause much damage.

History
A tropical wave moved off the coast of Africa on August 24th. It moved across the unfavorable Atlantic without development. As it crossed Central America convection increased, and a poorly-defined center developed early on September 9th. Banding and convection increased, and it became a tropical depression that night, 400 nautical miles south of Manzanillo, Mexico.

Tropical Depression 14-E continued northwestward, and became a tropical storm on the 10th. Linda started to intensify more quickly, becoming a hurricane on the 11th 475 nautical miles south-southeast of the southern tip of Baja California. After 30 hours of rapidly intensifying, Linda reached her peak of 160 knots on the 12th, or around 185 M.P.H. winds. That is an increase of 95 knots, and a drop of 85 millibars. Linda moved directly over Socorro Island on the 12th as a Category 5 hurricane, but cooler waters weakened it greatly, dissipating it on the 17th.

Impact
Linda went over Soccoro Island, doing $3.2 million in damage.

In California, Linda was responsible for 8 deaths and $68 million in damage. Five people drowned in a jetty. Floods caused 3 deaths and mudslides destroyed millions of homes and caused $68 million in damage. The Southwest would get devastated again by Hurricane Nora weeks later.

Related pages
1997 Pacific hurricane season

Other websites

noaa.gov

Hurricanes in Mexico
1997 in California
Post-grunge

Post-grunge is a music genre that is strongly influenced by grunge music, a genre that started in Seattle, Washington, United States in the mid-1980s. However, it makes it into a more melodic and radio-friendly sound. Not by a coincidence, it has become very popular on the radio.

Examples of post-grunge artists
Foo Fighters
Matchbox Twenty
Nickelback
Three Days Grace
Daughtry

References 

Music genres
Rock music
Ayutthaya (city)

Ayutthaya was the old capital of Thailand. Its full name is ‘Phra-Na-Khon-Sri-A-Yud-Dha-Ya’. Some people call it ‘Ayudya’. This city was the capital for 417 years. It is the longest Thai capital. Ayudhaya is at the center of Thailand. It was built at the meeting of the rivers Chao Phraya, Pa Sak and Lopburi. It is like an island city.  This province is adjacent Lopburi, Angthong and Saraburi at the north, Pathumthani and Nonthaburi at the south, Sarhaburi at the east and Suphanburi at the west of Thailand.

References

Cities in Thailand
Nakhon Ratchasima Province

Nakhon Ratchasima Province () or Khorat or Korat, is the biggest province and the second most populated province of Thailand. Nakhon Ratchasima means ‘big province’. It is in the eastern part of Thailand. It is about 260 km from Bangkok. It has forests, walking, education, rivers, sight seeing, foods, ancient cultures and tradition. There are local handicrafts for sale.

Nakhon Ratchasima covers an area of about 20494 square kilometers with 25 districts:
 Pak Chong
 Sikhio
 Sung Noen
 Kham Thale So
 Dan Khun Thot
 Non Thai
 Non Sung
 Kham Sakaesaeng
 Phimai
 Khong
 Non Daeng
 Prathai
 Chum Phuang
 Bua Yai
 Kaeng Sanam Nang
 Ban Lueam
 Chakkarat
 Huai Thalaeng
 Pak Thong Chai
 Chok Chai
 Khon Buri
 Soeng Sang
 Nong Bun Mak
 Wang Nam Khiao
 Chaloem Phra Kiat

and six other small districts.

Border 
The borders of the province are in the north with Zuma, Chaiyabhum and Khon-Kan, in the south with Nakhon-Nayok and Prajean Buri, in the east with Buriram and in the west with Chaiyabhum and Saraburi.

Related pages

Nakhon Ratchasima shooting
Khorat

References 

Provinces of Thailand
Garuda

The Garuda (Sanskrit: Garuḍa गरुड, eagle; Pāli Garuḷa) is a large bird or bird- that appears in both Hindu and Buddhist history.

Description 
Garuda with the head and wings of eagle and sometimes with the rest of his body like that of a man is called the king of birds and he is also the carrier of god Vishnu.

History 
Garuda is also known by another name Vainateya, son of Vinata and Sri Kashyapa prajapathi. Garuda is separately worshipped on the day of Garuda panchami, fifth day of lunar month after ashasa amavasya. His brother Anura(Arun) is the charioteer of God Suryanarayana.

Other websites 

Hindu mythology
Scorpion II

Scorpion, also King Scorpion or Scorpion II refers to the second of two kings so-named of Upper Egypt during the Protodynastic Period.

In popular culture
Scorpion's name was borrowed for the 2002 movie The Scorpion King.
William Golding's novel The Scorpion God is loosely based upon this period of Egyptian History.
A villain named Scorpion claims lineage with the king in the 1997 movie Legend of the Lost Tomb.

Predynastic Pharaohs
Year of birth unknown
Year of death unknown
Ka (pharaoh)

Ka, also Sekhem Ka, was a predynastic pharaoh of Upper Egypt.  He ruled over Abydos in the late 32nd or early 31st century BC and was buried at Umm el-Qa'ab. He most likely was the immediate successor to Iry-Hor and was succeeded by Narmer. He is the earliest known Egyptian king with a serekh, inscribed on a number of artefacts.

References

Predynastic Pharaohs
Iry-Hor

Iry-Hor or Ro (as read by Petrie) was a Predynastic pharaoh of ancient Egypt, although some archaeologists are doubtful of his existence. He was most likely Ka's immediate predecessor. He ruled over Abydos and was buried in its local cemetery at Umm el-Qa'ab near Ka, Narmer and the First Dynasty kings.

If he existed, he would be the earliest documented person.

Other websites
King Iry-Hor

Predynastic Pharaohs
Wazner

Wazner, also Wazenez or Wadjenedj, was a Predynastic Egyptian king who ruled in the Nile Delta. He is mentioned in the Palermo Stone inscriptions among a small number of kings of Lower Egypt.

References

Predynastic Pharaohs
Hsekiu

Hsekiu, also Seka, was a Predynastic ancient Egyptian king who ruled in the Nile Delta. He is mentioned in the Palermo Stone inscriptions among a small number of kings of Lower Egypt

References

 | before=Ny-Hor

Predynastic Pharaohs
Tiu (pharaoh)

Tiu, also Teyew etc., was a ancient Egyptian Pharaoh who ruled in the Nile Delta.  He ruled in the Predynastic period in ancient Egyptian history.  

Tiu is mentioned in the Palermo Stone inscriptions, along with a small number of kings of Lower Egypt. Nothing else is known of his life or what he did while he was Pharaoh.

References 

Predynastic Pharaohs
Scorpion I

Scorpion I was a king of  Upper Egypt during the Predynastic Period, or the period before egypt was united. His name may refer to the scorpion goddess Serket.

He is believed to have ruled in Thinis one or two centuries before the rule of the better known King Scorpion II.  To him belongs the U-j tomb found in the royal cemetery of Abydos where Thinite kings were buried.

In contemporary fiction
William Golding's novel The Scorpion God is loosely based upon this period of Egyptian history.
The 2001 adventure film The Mummy Returns features a fictionalized account of the "Scorpion King" of Egypt, a character who went on to have his own spin-off in the 2002 film, The Scorpion King.

Predynastic Pharaohs
Thesh

Thesh, or Tjesh, Tesh etc., was a Predynastic ancient Egyptian king who ruled in the Nile Delta. He is mentioned in the Palermo Stone inscriptions among a small number of kings of Lower Egypt

References

Predynastic Pharaohs
Ford Cortina

Ford Cortina was a car produced by Ford Motor Company from 1962 to 1982. It was named after the Italian ski resort of Cortina d’Ampezzo. From 1970 onwards, it was almost identical to Ford Taunus. It was a very popular and common car in the UK during its time. It was still selling well by the time the Sierra replaced it in 1982, but stocks of the Cortina continued for a while afterwards.

1960s automobiles
1970s automobiles
1980s automobiles
Cortina
Agriculture in Pakistan

Pakistan's principal natural resources are arable land and water. About 25% of Pakistan's total land area is under cultivation and is watered by one of the largest irrigation systems in the world. Agriculture accounts for about 23% of GDP and employs about 44% of the labor force. Pakistan is one of the world's largest producers and suppliers of the following according to the 2005 Food and Agriculture Organization of The United Nations and FAOSTAT given here with ranking:

 Chickpea (2nd)
 Apricot (4th)
 Cotton (4th)
 Sugarcane (4th) (National Juice of Pakistan)
 Milk (5th)
 Onion (5th)
 Date Palm (6th)
 Mango (7th) (National fruit of Pakistan)
 Tangerines, mandarin orange, clementine (8th)
 Rice (8th)
 Wheat (9th)
 Oranges (10th)

Pakistan ranks fifth in the Muslim world and twentieth worldwide in farm output. It is the world's fifth largest milk producer.
Agriculture is the back bone of Pakistan's economy. Agriculture has also been the main source of population growth in Pakistan.

References

Pakistan
Economy of Pakistan
Gwadar Bay

Gwadar Bay is near the maritime border of Pakistan and Iran. The name is from Persian, Khalij-e Gavader or 'Gulf of Gwadar' on Arabian Sea. It is an inlet of the Arabian Sea indenting the sandy Makran coast at the Iran–Pakistan border. It is about 20 miles (32 km) long and 10 miles (16 km) wide. The Dashtiari River flows into it from the northwest, and the Dasht River from the northeast. The town of Gwadar, Pakistan, is on the Arabian Sea coast about 30 miles (48 km) east of Gwadar Bay.

Geography of Pakistan
Bays
Huntly, Scotland

Huntly () is a town in Aberdeenshire, Scotland, formerly known as Milton of Strathbogie. It has a population 4,460   2004 and is the site of Huntly Castle. 

Huntly was the home town of the writer George MacDonald. Some of his novels, especially the Robert Falconer and Alec Forbes of Howglen play partly in Huntly, even if the name of the town is changed. So they give a rather good introduction to the life in Huntly in the 19th century. 

The local football team is Huntly F.C..

Other websites 
 Huntly website.
 Huntly at Undiscovered Scotland

Towns in Aberdeenshire
Clerkhill

Clerkhill is an area of the town of Peterhead in north east Scotland. Surrounded by the areas of Meethill, Dales Park and Coplandhill, it is one of the smaller areas of the town.

Towns in Aberdeenshire
Ellon, Aberdeenshire

Ellon is a town in Aberdeenshire, Scotland, approximately 16 miles north of Aberdeen, lying on the River Ythan (pronounced eye-than) which has one of the few undeveloped river estuaries on the eastern coast of Scotland. It is in the ancient region of Formartine.

Famous people from Ellon
 Paul Sturrock, footballer
 Teddy Scott, footballer, coach and kit man for Aberdeen
 Evelyn Glennie, percussionist

References

Other websites 
 Ellon Tourism Group website
 Ellon AAC Website
 Ellon Academy website
 Ellon Webcam, local picture galleries and historic info

Towns in Aberdeenshire
Fraserburgh

Fraserburgh (Scots: The Broch) (Scottish Gaelic: A' Bhruaich) is a town in Aberdeenshire, Scotland with a population recorded in the 2001 Census at 12,454. It lies at the northeast corner of Aberdeenshire, around  north of Aberdeen, and  north of Peterhead. It is the largest shellfish port in Europe and a major white fish port and busy commercial harbour.

Politics 
 UK Constituency: Banff and Buchan — Alex Salmond, SNP, (1987–), Party leader (1990–2000, 2004–), First Minister of Scotland (2007-)
 Scottish Parliament Constituency: Banff and Buchan — Stewart Stevenson, SNP, (2001–) Minister for Transport, Infrastructure and Climate Change (2007-)
 Aberdeenshire Council Ward: Fraserburgh and District - 3 SNP councillors and 1 independent councillor.

Sports 
Fraserburgh golf club is the fifth oldest club in Scotland and seventh oldest in the world. It has both an 18 hole and a 9 hole course, and a modern clubhouse.

Fraserburgh Football Club is a senior football club that plays in the Highland League. Fraserburgh United FC is a junior football club that plays in the Scottish Junior Football North Premier League (also known as the North Superleague).

Notable people
 George Bruce (1909-2002): Poet of the Scottish literary renaissance
 Bill Gibb (1943-): born in Fraserburgh; became international fashion designer
 Steve Fairnie (1951-1993) : Fraserburgh born musician, painter, sculptor, actor, board game designer, chicken hypnotist, frontman of the post-punk band Writz and half of the Techno Twins.
 Thomas Blake Glover (1838–1911): born in Fraserburgh, where his father worked for the coastguard, moved to Japan and founded Mitsubishi Company.  Known as the Scottish Samuri. He has a local chip shop named after him.
 Robertson Macaulay (1833-1915): one time president of Sun Life Assurance Company of Canada).
 Dennis Nilsen (1945–): Serial killer; born at Academy Road, Fraserburgh.
 James Ramsay (1733–89): born in Fraserburgh; anti-slavery campaigner.
 Sir George Strahan (1838–87): born in Fraserburgh; British colonial governor.
 Joseph Watt (1887-1955): Gardenstown born; recipient of the Victoria Cross 15th May, 1917
 Stan Williams (1940-): Liverpool born but lived in Fraserburgh since 1975; author of 'PENNY LANE is in My Ears and in My Eyes' about growing up with The Beatles

Twin Town
Bressuire, France

Other websites
 Fraserburgh: Scotland's Leading Light
 Fraserburgh Heritage Centre 
 Banff and Buchan College 
 Cairness House
 Buchan hillwalking club 
 Web Historian's pages on the fishing villages of the North East

References

Towns in Aberdeenshire
Port cities and towns of the North Sea
Port cities and towns of Scotland
Rosehearty

Rosehearty (Gaelic: Ros Abhartaich), Rizarty in the local dialect, is a village in Scotland. It is on the Moray Firth coast, four miles west of the town Fraserburgh, in the county of Aberdeenshire.

The burgh has about 1,300 people, with about 25 per cent of pensionable age. There are two shops and three hotels in the village.

Other websites
 Community website
Rosehearty Golf Course

Towns in Aberdeenshire
Stonehaven

Stonehaven (Steenhive in the Doric dialect of Scots) and Cala na Creige in Gaelic is a town with around fourteen thousand inhabitants (9,577 in the 2001 census) on the northeast coast of Scotland. It is the county town of the historic county of Kincardineshire or The Mearns and the present day county of Aberdeenshire. It grew around an Iron Age fishing village, now the "Auld Toon" ("old town"), and expanded inland from the Seaside.  As late as the 16th century, old maps indicate the town was called Stonehyve or Stonehive.

Famous People 
Stonehaven was the birthplace of Robert William Thomson, inventor of the pneumatic tyre and the fountain pen, of journalist James Murdoch and Lord Reith of Stonehaven, first Director-General of the BBC.

Stonehaven was a holiday retreat of the poet, Robert Burns.

The novelist Lewis Grassic Gibbon (James Leslie Mitchell) attended school at what was the old Mackie Academy (now Arduthie Primary). Mackie Academy now serves over 1000 pupils and they study his work.

Famous historical visitors include William Wallace and Mary Queen of Scots.

References

Other websites 

Undiscovered Scotland Dunnottar Castle
Stonehaven Online Directory 

Towns in Aberdeenshire
Port cities and towns of the North Sea
Port cities and towns of Scotland
Turriff

Turriff is a town and parish in Aberdeenshire, Scotland. It is approximately 166 feet above sea level. It is known locally as Turra in the Doric dialect of Scots. The name appears to be Scottish Gaelic in origin, from "torr" meaning a mound or round hill, or "tur" meaning a tower.

History 

The Knights Templar appear to have had a base in the area, and a nearby site is still known as "Temple Brae".

Early in 1639, the Marquis of Huntly assembled his forces here, and thereafter went to Kintore in lower Aberdeenshire, eventually marching from there to Aberdeen itself. The Marquis — being informed shortly after his arrival in Aberdeen that a meeting of Covenanters was to be held in Turriff on the fourteenth of February — resolved to disperse them, by occupying the town with 2000 men. The incident was known as the "First raid of Turray".

Other websites 
 The Turriff and District Tourism Action Group

References 

Towns in Aberdeenshire
Danko Jones

Danko Jones is a three-piece hard rock band from Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The band consists of Danko Jones (vocals/guitar), JC (also known as John Calabrese) (bass guitar), and Dan Cornelius (drums).

Canadian rock bands
Musical groups established in 1996
1996 establishments in Canada