cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Carl Adolph Agardh

Carl Adolph Agardh was a Swedish botanist and bishop of Karlstad. He was known for his extensive work on algae.

Biography
Agardh was born on 23 January 1785 in Båstad, a town in Scania (), Sweden. He began to study at Lund University in 1799.

In 1807, Agardh became a teacher of mathematics at Lund. In 1812, he was appointed professor of botany and rural economy. He was elected a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in 1817, and of the Swedish Academy in 1831.

Agardh became a Lutheran clergyman in 1816. He was a member of the Swedish Parliament on several occasions from 1817. He was rector magnificus of Lund University from 1819 to 1820. In 1835 he became the bishop of Karlstad, where he remained until his death. He died on 28 January 1859 in Karlstad.

Publications
Agardh devoted considerable attention to political economy. As "a leading liberal", he "succeeded in improving and raising the standards of education in Sweden".  He wrote on theological and other subjects, but he is best known for his botanical works, especially Systema algarum, Species algarum rite cognitae, and Icones Algarum (1824, 1820–28, and 1828–35). He translated into German most of his Manual of Botany (2 vols., Malmoe, 1829–32)

Some of his works
Algarum decas prima [-quarta] /auctore Carolo Ad. Agardh
Dispositio algarum Sueciae /cuctore Carolo Adolfo Agardh 
Caroli A. Agardh Synopsis algarum Scandinaviae : adjecta dispositione universali algarum 
Aphorismi botanici. 
Classes plantarum (with Holmberg, L. P. and Lundstrom, Petrus M.)
Adnotationes botanicae (with Swartz, Olof, Sprengel, Kurt Polycarp Joachim, and Wikström, Joh. Em)
 Synopsis algarum Scandinaviae (Lund 1817)
 Species algarum rite cognitae etc. (Greifsw. 1823-28, 2 Voll.)
 Icones algarum europaearum (Leipz. 1828-35)
 Systema algarum (Lund 1824)
 Essai de réduire la physlologie végétale à des principes fondamentaux (Lund 1828)
 Essai sur le développement intérieur des plantes (1829)
 Lärobok i botanik (Malmö 1830-32, 2 Voll.)
 Försök till en statsökonomisk statistik öfver Sverige (Stockh. 1852-63, 4 Voll.)

Family
Agardh was the father of Jacob Georg Agardh, also a botanist.

References

Other websites

 Agardh, 1. Karl Adolf (in Swedish)
 Lund University, Botanical Museum
 Lund Museum - Collections: algae

Botanists
Swedish biologists
1785 births
1859 deaths
Dorothy Custer

Dorothy Custer (May 30, 1911 – April 22, 2015) was an American comedian, harmonica player, and centenarian. She was best known for her two appearances on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno. She has become the top featured story of all time on the Boise-based television station KTVB. She has been the subject of many interviews in Idaho and other states.

Custer was born in Twin Falls, Idaho. She had four children. She died in her sleep on April 22, 2015, aged 103.

References

Other websites
 

1911 births
2015 deaths
American centenarians
Comedians from Idaho
Musicians from Idaho
Deloraine, Tasmania

Deloraine is a town on the Meander River, in the central north of Tasmania, Australia.  It is 50 km west of Launceston and 52 km south of Devonport along the Bass Highway. It is part of the Meander Valley Council. In 2011 there were 2,741 people living in Deloraine.

History
The region was explored in 1821 by Captain Roland, who was searching for farm land. Land was granted to new settlers, and the town is now a major farming centre. There are a large number of farms of all types in the area.
Deloraine Post Office opened on 29 October 1836.

Economy and Infrastructure
The town won the State Tidy Towns award in 1992, 1993 and 1995, and the Australian Community of the Year award in 1997.

The town is a cultural centre and is home to the largest craft fair in the Southern Hemisphere. About 40,000 people come to the annual fair which has 13 venues and over 200 stalls around the town.

The town was bypassed by the new Bass Highway in the early 1990s.  However the town is still a popular resting place for travellers.  It also serves as a base to explore areas such as Cradle Mountain, the Great Western Tiers, Mole Creek and the Central Highlands.

Deloraine is the educational centre for the region with both primary (Deloraine Primary School and Our Lady of Mercy Catholic School) and high schools (Deloraine High School). Students from other towns come to Deloraine's schools by bus.

Deloraine is served by ABC Television, SBS Television, Tasmanian Digital Television, Southern Cross Tasmania, WIN Television, 91.7 ABC Northern Tasmania and other ABC radio networks, commercial stations 89.3 LAFM and 90.1 Chilli FM and community station 96.9 Meander Valley FM.

Sister cities
Deloraine has one sister city:

 Hokitika, New Zealand

References
Vittorio Amuso

Vittorio Amuso (born 1934) is an American mobster from New York City. He was the leader of the Lucchese crime family from 1987 to 2012. He is currently serving a life sentence in prison for murder and racketeering.

References

1934 births
People from New York City
American murderers
American prisoners
Living people
Hurricane Gert (1993)

Hurricane Gert was a destructive and very deadly tropical cyclone in September 1993. It struck Central America and Mexico. The storm affected almost the same region devastated by Hurricane Diana three years prior, except winds were a little stronger than for Diana. Winds for Gert were 105 miles per hour; ninety lives were lost, and forty three other people were missing due to Hurricane Gert. Despite the devastation, the name Gert was not retired in Spring of 1994.

Hurricanes
1993 in North America
Hurricanes in Mexico
1990s in Mexico
Hurricane Bertha (1996)

Hurricane Bertha of July 1996 was a hurricane of notable status. This storm struck the northeastern Caribbean islands, Puerto Rico and the eastern United States, causing the deaths of almost one dozen persons and leading to $335 million in destruction. The winds from Bertha were 105 miles an hour when she struck eastern North Carolina on July 12 1996. Despite the damage, the name Bertha was not discontinued (retired) in the Spring of 1997).

1996 in North America
Hurricanes in the United States
20th century in Puerto Rico
1990s in North Carolina
July events
Hurricanes in North Carolina
Toni Braxton (album)

Toni Braxton is the self-titled record by the Toni Braxton. It was released in July 1993. Songs on the album include "Breathe Again", "I Belong to You" and "You Mean the World to Me".

Track listing

1993 albums
Pop albums
Adina Howard

Adina Howard (November 14, 1973) is an American R&B singer who was popular in the mid 1990s. She was extremely notable for her hit single "Freak Like Me", though there were other minor songs. She represented with a rather provocative image. Adina was born in Grand Rapids, Michigan.

1974 births
Living people
American R&B musicians
American hip hop musicians
American R&B singers
American soul singers
American soul musicians
Writers from Grand Rapids, Michigan
Singers from Grand Rapids, Michigan
Musicians from Grand Rapids, Michigan
Arthur Kornberg

Arthur Kornberg (March 3, 1918 – October 26, 2007) was an American biochemist who won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1959 for his discovery of "the mechanisms in the biological synthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)" with Severo Ochoa of New York University. He was awarded the National Medal of Science in 1979.

His primary research interests were in biochemistry, especially enzyme chemistry,  deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis (DNA replication) and studying the nucleic acids which control heredity in animals, plants, bacteria and viruses.

He is of Jewish descent.

Arthur and Sylvy Kornberg had three sons: Roger Kornberg (1947), Thomas Kornberg (1948), and Kenneth Kornberg (1950). Roger is Professor of Structural Biology at Stanford University, and was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for 2006. Thomas discovered DNA polymerase II and III in 1970 and is now a professor at the University of California, San Francisco.  Kenneth is an architect specializing in the design of biomedical and biotechnology laboratories and buildings.

Books
1961. Enzymatic synthesis of DNA. John Wiley & Sons, 1961
1974. DNA synthesis. W.H. Freeman, San Francisco. 
1980. DNA replication. W.H. Freeman, San Francisco. 
1992. DNA Replication, 2nd edition, with Tania A. Baker. W.H. Freeman, New York. 
1989. For the love of enzymes: the odyssey of a biochemist. Harvard  University Press, Cambridge, MA. 
2002. The golden helix: inside biotech ventures. University Science Books.

References 

1918 births
2007 deaths
American biochemists
American Nobel Prize winners
Jewish American academics
Jewish American scientists
Jewish Nobel Prize winners
Foreign Members of the Royal Society
Scientists from New York City
University of Rochester alumni
Stanford University faculty
Educators from New York City
Oceanus Hopkins

Oceanus Hopkins (1620?) was born at sea during the voyage of the Mayflower to the New World in 1620. He was the son of Stephen Hopkins and his wife, Elizabeth (Fisher) Hopkins. He was born sometime between 6 September and 9 November 1620. He died before 1627. His body and grave are lost. Oceanus is the Latin word for ocean.

References

Other websites
Oceanus Hopkins on MayflowerHistory.com

1620 births
Mayflower passengers
1620s deaths
Division of Cowper

The Division of Cowper is an Australian electoral division in New South Wales. It was one of 75 divisions set up for the first federal election in 1901. It is named for Charles Cowper, an early Premier of New South Wales. It is on the north coast of New South Wales, and includes the towns of Coffs Harbour, Kempsey, Macksville, Nambucca Heads.

Members

Its most famous member was Sir Earle Page, leader of the Country Party and Prime Minister of Australia in 1939.

Election results
 2004 election result
 2007 election result
 2010 election result
 2013 election result

References

Other websites
 - Australian Electoral Commission
 Luke Hartsuyker's website

Electoral divisions of Australia
New South Wales
1901 establishments in Australia
Carey Mulligan

Carey Hannah Mulligan (born 28 May 1985) is an English actress who made her movie debut in the 2005 movie Pride & Prejudice. She acted in the 2009 movie Public Enemies, playing Carole. Carey was born in Westminster, London, England.

References

Other websites 

1985 births
Living people
Actors from London
English movie actors
English stage actors
English television actors
People from Westminster
Allison Iraheta

Allison Iraheta (born April 27, 1992) is an American musician who was fourth place in the eighth season for American Idol. Her first album Just Like You was released in December 2009. She also performs cover songs. Allison was born in Los Angeles.

References

Singers from Los Angeles
American pop musicians
1992 births
Living people
Der Stürmer

Der Stürmer was a weekly newspaper published from 1923 to 1945. It contained propaganda for the policies of the Nazi Party in Germany. It was styled like a tabloid. It printed obscene antisemitic material with the intent to make people hate Jews. This included racist caricatures, accusations of blood libel and sex crimes, and articles about why Jews are a problem.

The paper was published by Julius Streicher. It was first printed in Nuremberg on 20 April 1923. This was at a time when Adolf Hitler was trying to seize power and control over the government. Der Stürmer continued to be published until the end of World War II. After the war, Streicher was executed for authorising the publication of articles that demanded the extermination of the Jewish race.

References

Other websites

Newspapers published in Germany
1923 establishments in Europe
1945 disestablishments in Germany
Nazi Germany
Fascism
1920s establishments in Germany
Richard Barthelmess

Richard Semler "Dick" Barthelmess (May 9, 1895 – August 17, 1963) was an Oscar-nominated American movie actor. He was nominated for the first Academy Award in the Best Actor category in 1928.

Movie career
Barthelmess was born in New York City. He went to Hudson River Military Academy and Trinity College at Hartford, Connecticut. He worked in theaters during his school days doing "walk-ons". In college, he played in amateur productions.   

He made his first movie appearance in 1916 in a movie serial as an extra. At this time, he also appeared as a supporting player in several movies. Director D. W. Griffith saw him. He cast Barthelmess opposite Lillian Gish in Broken Blossoms (1919) and Way Down East (1920).  

He soon became one of Hollywood's highest paid actors. He was nominated for Best Actor at the first Academy Awards in 1928. He founded a production company, Inspiration Film Company. He starred in the company's Tol'able David (1921). This movie was a great success.

Barthelmess made several "talkies". He failed to hold on to the star status of his silent movie days. He joined the United States Navy Reserve during World War II. He was a lieutenant commander. He never went back to movies. He died of cancer in 1963. He was 68. He was buried at Ferncliff Cemetery and Mausoleum in Hartsdale, New York.

Personal
Barthelmess married Mary Hay, a stage and movie star. They had one daughter Mary Barthelmess.  In 1927, Barthelmess became engaged to Katherine Young Wilson, a Broadway actress. The engagement was called off, possibly due to his affair around this time with the journalist Adela Rogers St. Johns. In 1928, Barthelmess married Jessica Stewart Sargent.

Honors
Barthelmess was one of the founders of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. He received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. Barthelmess received the George Eastman Award  for distinguished contribution to movies.

Composer Katherine Allan Lively dedicated her piano piece, Within the Walls of China: A Chinese Episode, to Barthelmess.  It was published in 1923 by G. Schirmer, Inc.  An article in The Music Trades reported that Mrs. Lively was inspired by a seeing Broken Blossoms. She played the piece for Barthelmess and his friends in New York in the summer of 1922.

Notes

References
 The First Male Stars: Men of the Silent Era by David W. Menefee.
 Richard Barthelmess: A Life in Pictures by David W. Menefee

Other websites

Photographs of Richard Barthelmess

Actors from New York City
American movie actors
Movie serial actors
American silent movie actors
Deaths from esophageal cancer
1895 births
1963 deaths
Tol'able David

Tol'able David (1921) is a silent movie starring Richard Barthelmess.  It is based on a story by Joseph Hergesheimer. The movie was produced and directed by Henry King for Inspiration Pictures. 

The movie was voted a Photoplay Magazine 1921 "medal of honor". In 2007, Tol'able David was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".

Story
Young David Kinemon, son of West Virginia tenant farmers, wants to be treated like a man by his family and neighbors. He is constantly reminded that he is still a boy and he is only "tol'able" but not a man.  He proves himself a man when outlaws move onto a nearby farm.

Other websites
 
 Tol'able David at YouTube
 
 Tol'able David at Virtual History

1921 movies
American silent movies
Movies directed by Henry King
Movies based on books
Attack aircraft

Attack aircraft are military aircraft. They are designed for attacking enemy ground or naval forces, especially moving ground or naval forces, like tanks, soldiers, and warships. Such aircraft attack their targets while flying low. They were much used in World War II, and later also took over the job of dive bombers. Attack aircraft can be fighter airplanes or helicopters.

Examples of attack aircraft
AH-1 Cobra
Su-24 Fencer
A-10 Thunderbolt II
Blackburn Buccaneer
FMA IA-58 Pucará

Military aircraft
Of Plymouth Plantation

Of Plymouth Plantation is a book written by William Bradford between 1630 and 1651. It tells of the Pilgrims, of their years in Holland, their voyage on the Mayflower, the founding of Plymouth Colony in Massachusetts, and the colony's early years. The book ends with a list written in 1651 of Mayflower passengers and what happened to them.

Other websites
New England Religious History  at Gordon College includes Of Plymouth Plantation and other works in a variety of formats.
Full Text "Of Plymouth Plantation" provided by google book search

Plymouth Colony
17th-century books
Pequot War

The Pequot War (1634-1638) was fought between the Pequot tribe and settlers of the Massachusetts Bay, Plymouth, and Saybrook colonies. The settlers were helped by Native American groups including the Narragansett and Mohegan tribes. Hundreds of people were killed, and hundreds more were sold as slaves in the West Indies. At the end of the war, about 700 Pequots had been killed or captured. The others were forced off their lands and into other areas.

References

17th century in Massachusetts
History of Native Americans
Wars
1630s
Shirley Temple's Storybook

Shirley Temple's Storybook is a television series hosted and narrated by actress Shirley Temple. Its first season of 16 episodes (mostly in black and white) aired on NBC between January 12, 1958 and December 21, 1958. The second season of 25 episodes (all in color) aired on NBC as The Shirley Temple Show between September 18, 1960 and July 16, 1961. Fairy tales, children's stories, and some maturer material like The House of Seven Gables were adapted for the series.

Well known stars like Charlton Heston and Elsa Lanchester appeared in the series.  Several books such as Shirley Temple's Stories That Never Grow Old were published around the time the series aired. In 1961, the series was nominated for a prime time Emmy Award for "Outstanding Achievement in the Field of Children's Programming". Selected episodes have been released to VHS and DVD.

Season 1

C^ Episode was telecast in color.
L^ Live episode.

Season 2

References

Children's television series
1950s television series
1958 television series debuts
1961 television series endings
English-language television programs
The Garfield Show

The Garfield Show is a French/American CGI animated television show. It started in France on France 3 on December 22, 2008. English-language episodes started in the United Kingdom on Bommerang on May 5, 2009. The show started airing in the United States on Cartoon Network on November 2, 2009. It is based on the comic strip Garfield. It is the second Garfield television series, after Garfield and Friends.

Danish Voice Cast
 Thomas Mørk – Bettemus
 Josephine Philip – Camilla
 Josephine Philip – Charlotte
 Vibeke Dueholm – Erna Skohorn
 Troells Walther Toya – Fortæller
 Torben Zeller – Garfield
 Johannes Lassen – Harald Jensen
 Thomas Mørk – Herman
 Jan Tellefsen – Ib
 Vibeke Dueholm – Karen Margrethe
 Joy-Maria Frederiksen – Lisbeth
 Nikolaj Bjørn-Andersen – Piv
 Lars Thiesgaard – Rotling
 Chresten Speggers Simonsen – Sesam
 Thomas Mørk – Vito

Additional Voices
 Chresten Speggers Simonsen
 Jan Tellefsen
 Josephine Philip
 Joy-Maria Frederiksen
 Julie Lund 
 Lars Thiesgaard
 Nikolaj Bjørn-Andersen
 Troells Walther Toya
 Vibeke Dueholm

Other websites
Official website

Channel Links

Animated television series
2008 television series debuts
French television series
Cartoon Network series
2008 establishments in France
2008 establishments in the United States
English-language television programs
Rubén Bonifaz Nuño

Rubén Bonifaz Nuño (12 November 1923 – 31 January 2013) was a Mexican poet and classical scholar.

Nuño was born on 12 November 1923 in Córdoba, Veracruz, Mexico. He studied at National Autonomous University of Mexico. Nuño died on 31 January 2013 in Mexico City, Mexico from natural causes, aged 89.

References

Other websites
Rubén Bonifaz Nuño  (El Colegio Nacional)
Rubén Bonifaz Nuño: Brief biography 
Rubén Bonifaz Nuño: Interview, biography, criticism, poetry 

1923 births
2013 deaths
Deaths from natural causes
Mexican poets
People from Veracruz
Forklift

A forklift is a type of truck with large metal forks, used for carrying and raising things. It is commonly used in large warehouses. It may also be used outdoors to load and unload trucks and trailers.

Other websites
Types of forklift

Land vehicles
Donald O'Connor

Donald David Dixon Ronald O’Connor (August 28, 1925 – September 27, 2003) was an American dancer, singer, and actor. He was known for his role as Cosmo Brown in Singin' in the Rain. He won an Emmy Award and an Golden Globe Award.

O'Connor was born on August 28, 1925 in Chicago, Illinois. He is of Irish descent. O'Connor was married to Gwen Carter from 1944 until they divorced in 1954. Then he was married to Gloria O'Connor from 1956 until his death in 2003. They had two sons. O'Connor died on September 27, 2003 from heart failure in his Woodland Hills, Los Angeles, California home, aged 78.

References

Other websites

 
 
 Essay on Donald O'Connor
 Mindy Alloff's 1979 interview with O'Connor
 Donald O'Connor on "The Colgate Comedy Hour" (1951-54) at Classic TV Info.
 Donald O'Connor on "Texaco Star Theater" (1954-55) at Classic TV Info.
 Film-shots

1925 births
2003 deaths
Deaths from heart failure
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American radio actors
Television personalities from Chicago
American dancers
Actors from Chicago
Singers from Chicago
Emmy Award winning actors
Golden Globe Award winning actors
Thousand Oaks, California

Thousand Oaks is a city in southeastern Ventura County, California. It is part of the Greater Los Angeles Area in the United States. The city is located about 14 miles from Los Angeles County, and 35 miles to Downtown Los Angeles. It was named after the many oak trees that grew in the area. The city seal has a picture of an oak tree.

Cities in California
Settlements in Ventura County, California
UB40

UB40 is an English reggae band. They were formed in 1978 in Birmingham. They are named after an unemployment form at the time. At that time, they used to give £40 to every unemployed person every month. Therefore, the name was derived to be Unemployment Benefit £40 (UB40)

Other websites

1978 establishments in the United Kingdom
1970s British music groups
1980s British music groups
1990s British music groups
2000s British music groups
2010s British music groups
Musical groups established in 1978
Musical groups from Birmingham, West Midlands
Reggae bands
Joanna García

Joanna Leanna García (born August 10, 1979) is an American actress. She acts mostly on television. She has also been in some movies. She played Cheyenne Hart Montgomery in the sitcom Reba. She played Mia Putney in the sitcom Better with You. García was born in Tampa, Florida.

Actors from Florida
American television actors
1979 births
Living people
Jamie-Lynn Sigler

Jamie-Lynn Sigler (born May 15, 1981) is an American actress and singer born in Jericho, New York.

Career
She is best known for playing Meadow Soprano in The Sopranos. She also played call girl Heidi Fleiss in an American television movie. She was born in Jericho, New York.

Personal life
In January 2016, Sigler revealed that she was diagnosed with multiple sclerosis when she was 20 years old.

References

Actors from New York
American television actors
1981 births
People with multiple sclerosis  

Living people
Vashi Bridge

The Vashi Bridge, also called Thane Creek Bridge, is a bridge that connects the city of Mumbai to the mainland of India at New Delhi. It is built across the Thane Creek. The bridge links Mankhurd in Mumbai with Vashi in Navi Mumbai, the satellite city of Mumbai. It is one of four entry points into Mumbai, and handles traffic in the region to the west and north  of Mumbai.

History
The first bridge to connect Mumbai to Navi Mumbai was made in 1973. The bridge is 1837 metres in length and has a below-requirement 3 lane carriageway. Within two years of its opening to traffic, corrosion cracks were noticed on some parts of the bridge. This led to a series of extensive repairs. It was then decided to construct a new bridge to replace the faulty one. 

Construction on a new bridge began in 1987 and opened in 1997. The original Vashi Bridge or the 1st Thane Creek Bridge remains closed to traffic.

The Maharashtra State Road Development Corporation (MSRDC) has plans to add six more lanes to the Vashi Bridge at an estimated cost of 400 crore.

References

Mumbai
Bridges
Buildings and structures in India
1997 establishments in Asia
1990s establishments in India
Baneh County

Baneh County () is a county in Kurdistan Province in Iran. The capital of the county is Baneh.  At the 2006 census, its population was 116,773, in 24,709 families. Its people speak Kurdish. They are followers of Islam. The county is subdivided into four districts: the Central District, Alut District, Namshir District, and Nanur District. The county has four cities: Baneh, Armardeh, Kani Sur, and Buin-e Sofla.

References

 Gitashenasi Province Atlas of Iran 

Counties of Iran
Kurdistan Province
Stress (biology)

Stress is a word used in psychology and medicine to describe a condition which may be seen in organisms. 

Stress describes a living thing's response to a threat or some adverse change in its environment. In psychology, stress is a feeling of emotional strain and pressure. Stress is a type of psychological pain. Small amounts of stress may be beneficial, but more stress can increase the risk of strokes, heart attacks, ulcers, and mental illness, such as depression

Types of stress

There are different types of stress. Each type has different characteristics and symptoms. 

 acute: stress causes immediate harm in a short time span. An example of this type of stress is having to finish an assignment quickly or avoiding a car crash.
 chronic: stress causes continued harm and frustration. An example of this type of stress is continued unhappiness with school. This type of stress wears organisms down. 
 traumatic: stress after a scary and dangerous event. This stress causes fear. An example of this is experiencing a war or hurricane. This can lead to  Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder  (PTSD).

Stress response 

Organisms can respond to stress in different ways.

 physical: changes happening in the body. An example is a fast heartbeat after giving a speech.
 mental: changes happening in the mind. An example is feeling unfocused due to difficulties at work. 
 emotional: changes happening to an organism's emotions. An example is feeling worried or upset about an upcoming exam.

Stress may also lead to adaptations, which allow certain organisms to better deal with the stressors. Stress happens every day, and is part of every living thing's life. Too much stress is bad and can cause health problems. Stress plays a part in some physical problems, like heart disease. Stress also plays a part in many mental illnesses, like anxiety, Acute Stress Disorder, and PTSD. Acute Stress Disorder and PTSD are mental illnesses that can happen when a person experiences something that is very terrifying, like a major accident or a war. Another type of stress disorder is  a "psychosomatic illness" where a person has physical symptoms that are caused by an emotional stress, not by physical harm.

Stress management

There are different ways to deal with stress. One tip is to remove yourself from the stressor. For example if a school assignment is causing stress, taking a break from the assignment can be good. This break can include sleeping or engaging in hobbies. Physical activity and exercise reduce stress.  Social support from friends and family can be helpful. Health care professionals can help when stress is bad and affects physical or mental health. Relaxing with meditation and deep breathing can also manage stress.

References

Health
Biology
Hawking radiation

Hawking radiation is black body radiation which is emitted by black holes, due to quantum effects near the event horizon. It is named after the physicist Stephen Hawking, who provided a theoretical argument for its existence in 1974.

As a result of quantum fluctuations, particle-antiparticle pairs can appear from the vacuum of space near the event horizon of a black hole in which the net energy of the particles is zero due to the matter and antimatter nature of the particles. In normal conditions, particle-antiparticle pairs that appear due to the quantum fluctuations annihilate each other. But if one member of the pair falls beyond the event horizon of the black hole, the other particle will not have a sister with which to annihilate. The member that does not fall into the black hole is then emitted from the black hole as hawking radiation. The particle that falls into the black hole effectively has negative energy, meaning that it will subtract from the overall mass-energy content of the black hole. Thus, after enough time has passed, the black hole will evaporate from these negative particles, while seeming to emit positive ones.  Hawking radiation reduces the mass and the energy of the black hole and is therefore also known as black hole evaporation. Because of this, black holes that lose more mass than they gain through other means are expected to shrink and ultimately vanish.

Hawking radiation is such a small effect that it has never been measured. Micro black holes (MBHs) are predicted to be larger net emitters of radiation than larger black holes (and should thus shrink and dissipate faster), but MBHs have yet to be observed.

References

Quantum mechanics
Black holes
High-level programming language

In computer science, a high-level programming language is a programming language that does not require knowledge of computer hardware. The advantage with high-level programming languages is that programmers only need to understand the syntax (i.e. the type of structure of the code) of the programming language and don't have to understand computer hardware to program well. Low-level programming languages require knowledge of both the syntax and the hardware they are programming for.

Features of high-level programming languages
What determines a programming language as "high-level" depends on how much the programming language relies on hardware knowledge. Programming languages that require less knowledge about computer hardware are called "high-level" programming languages. It doesn't matter whether a programming language is considered easy to learn or not.

Rather than dealing with functions of computer hardware, high-level programming languages deal with more abstract concepts. High-level programming languages focus more on what the program will output. An interpreter is required to translate high-level programming language for low-level programming languages to tell the hardware what to do.

High-level programming languages can use variables, arrays, conditional statements, subroutines, loops, and among other functions to help produce the output. High-level programming languages are generally easier to do than low-level programming languages. The syntax used to make a program generally has clearer language than lower-level programming languages.

Examples of high-level programming languages
Python
C#
C
JavaScript
Java

Programming languages
Low-level programming language

In computer science, a low-level programming language is a programming language that involves knowledge of both computer hardware and the coding used to make the computer hardware do actions. The advantage of low-level programming languages compared to high-level programming languages is that they can directly communicate with the computer hardware to do actions. There is less need for an interpreter to convert programming languages into code that the computer understands. Low-level programming languages require knowledge of the hardware to make the most of what the hardware can do.

A programming language can be called "low-level" because the actions the code describes are close to the computer hardware. A "high-level" language can be seen as "far away" or "high above" the computer hardware and closer to the programmer.

Features of low-level programming languages
What determines a programming language as "low-level" depends on how much the programming language relies on hardware knowledge. Programming languages that require more knowledge about computer hardware are called "low-level" programming languages. It doesn't matter whether a programming language is considered easy to learn or not.

Rather than focus on what the program will output regardless of computer hardware, low-level programming languages deal directly at the computer hardware. Low-level programming languages will aim at what the hardware will actually do to make the actions that have been programmed. An interpreter is required to translate high-level programming language for low-level programming languages to tell the hardware what to do.

Low-level programming languages often use more technical code that is clearer for the hardware to understand. Low-level programming languages are generally harder to do than high-level programming languages due to how technical the syntax is (i.e. the structure of the coding is difficult to understand because of how complex it is).

Programming languages
The Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders from Mars

The Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders from Mars (also known as Ziggy Stardust) is a concept album by British musician David Bowie, published in 1972. The album reached 5th place in British charts and 75th in American Billboard charts. A film of the same name was directed by Donn Allan Pennibaker in 1973. The album ranks 35th place in the Rolling Stone list of 500 Greatest Albums of All Time.

1972 albums
Rock albums
Glam rock albums
David Bowie
Alexander Mackenzie (explorer)

Sir Alexander Mackenzie (1764-1820) was a Scottish explorer who explored the area that is now the Northwest Territories. Mackenzie was born in Stornoway, on the Scottish island of Lewis with Harris in 1764. Mackenzie made his fortune as a fur trader in northwest Canada. 

In 1789, Mackenzie left Fort Chipewyan on Lake Athabasca with a small party of Canadians and native guides. He travelled north to Great Slave Lake on a boat or a canoe. Then he followed the river that now bears his name, the Mackenzie River. He was the first European to travel on the Mackenzie River. It took him to the Arctic Ocean. He had hoped the river would lead him to the Pacific Ocean.

In 1801 he wrote the book "Voyages on the River Saint Lawrence and Through the Continent of North America, To the Frozen and Pacific Oceans in the Years 1789 and 1793".  This book contains information on native tribes and Canadian history of that time period.

He spent his last years in Scotland.

1764 births
1820 deaths
Scottish people
British explorers
Bell AH-1 Cobra

AH-1 Cobra is an American military helicopter. It is an attack helicopter. It is made by Bell Helicopter company. It has one engine. Its first flight was on 7 September 1967. The United States Army don't use the AH-1 any more, and replaced it with the AH-64 Apache. The single-engine AH-1 Cobra is still active in some other countries like Israel and Iran. The United States Marine Corps still use the two-engine Bell AH-1 SuperCobra. The Cobra's weapons are:
two 7.62 mm multi-barrel miniguns or two M129 Grenade launchers
Folding-Fin Aerial Rocket
M61 Vulcan

Operational History

United States
Tet Offensive in 1968 and through the end of the Vietnam War. In this war it was used for attacking enemy ground forces, escorting transport helicopters and other roles.
Operation Urgent Fury, 1983 Invasion of Grenada. In this operation it was used for flying close-support and helicopter escort missions.
Operation Just Cause, 1989 Invasion of Panama.
Operations Desert Shield and Desert Storm in the Gulf War (1990–91).
Operation Restore Hope in Somalia in 1993.
1994 Invasion of Haiti.

Iran
Iran-Iraq War

Israel
The first combat mission of AH-1 Cobra in Israel was on 9 May 1979. From this time on it was used in many operations against the Lebanese anti-Israeli groups. One of its important operations was in 1982 Lebanon war.

Pakistan
Balochistan conflict
It was used in some operations against Taliban and al-Qaeda and the tribes, that helped them.

References

Military aircraft
Helicopters
AH-1
Jerusalem artichoke

The artichoke is a different plant

The Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus), also called sunroot, sunchoke, earth apple or topinambour, is a species of sunflower native to  eastern North America, and found from eastern Canada and Maine west to North Dakota, and south to northern Florida and Texas. It is also cultivated widely across the temperate zone for its tuber, which is used as a root vegetable.

Description
The herbaceous plant is perennial. It can reach heights of up to . The leaves are oval, and grow to  to  wide, and  to  long. The plant has been imported to Europe, and it is seen as an invasive species - few animals eat it, and it will take away the space of other plants. This means that often, there is uncontrolled growth.

Uses
The plant has been used to make spirits and sugar. It is a food plant for animals such as horses and pigs. People who suffer from diabetes often use it: Up to sixteen percent of the plant is made of the polysaccharide inulin.

Pyramid scheme
In the 1980s, the Jerusalem artichoke also gained some notoriety when its seeds were planted by midwestern US farmers at the prodding of an agricultural pyramid scheme. There was little market for the tuber in that part of the US at the time, but farmers were assured it would soon appear on the commodity market. The only profits were realized by the initial distributors and the first few levels of farmers (who sold their seeds to other levels of the pyramid). As a result, many of the farms that had planted large quantities of the crop were ruined.

References 

Asteraceae
Root vegetables
Elsa Lanchester

Elsa Sullivan Lanchester (28 October 1902 – 26 December 1986) was an English actress in theatre, movies, and television.

After World War I, she began performing in theatre and nightclubs. She met the actor Charles Laughton in 1927. They were married two years later. She began playing small roles in British movies. The couple moved to Hollywood. Lanchester played small movie roles. They became American citizens in 1950.

She played the title character in Bride of Frankenstein (1935). She played supporting roles through the 1940s and 1950s. She was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for Come to the Stable (1949) and Witness for the Prosecution (1957).

Following Laughton's death in 1962, Lanchester resumed her career with appearances in such Disney films as Mary Poppins (1964), That Darn Cat! (1965) and Blackbeard's Ghost (1968). One of her last roles was in Murder By Death (1976).

References

Other websites 

1902 births
1986 deaths
Actors from London
American movie actors
American stage actors
American television actors
Deaths from pneumonia
English movie actors
English stage actors
English television actors
Infectious disease deaths in the United States
Naturalized citizens of the United States
Moses Fletcher

Moses Fletcher (c.1564–1620/1) was a passenger on the Mayflower in 1620 and was one of the signers of the Mayflower Compact.

Fletcher was born in Sandwich in England.  He married Mary Evans in 1589 and had 10 children.  Fletcher worked as a blacksmith.

Fletcher did not want to be a member of the Church of England.  He did not follow some of the Church rules and told others that he did not believe in the teachings of the Church. On June 12, 1609, Moses Fletcher, along with the wife of future Mayflower passenger James Chilton and several other persons were excommunicated from the church for the illegal burial of a child.

Fletcher became a Separatist.  This religion was illegal in England.  He and his family left England with the Chilton family and moved to Leiden in Netherlands.  His wife Mary died and he married Sarah, a widow from Leiden.

On the Mayflower 
  
Fletcher came on the Mayflower without his family.

The Mayflower left Plymouth, England on 16 September 1620. There were 102 passengers and 30–40 crew. On 19 November 1620, they spotted land.  The Mayflower was supposed to land in Virginia Colony, but the ship was damaged and they were forced to land 21 November at Cape Cod now called Provincetown Harbor.  They wrote the Mayflower Compact, which made rules on how they would live and treat each other.

Plymouth Colony 
Fletcher died in the winter of 1620–1621 in the general sickness.

Fletcher was buried in the Cole's Hill Burial Ground in Plymouth. His name is on the Pilgrim Memorial Tomb.

References 

1564 births
1621 deaths
Mayflower passengers
People from Kent
People buried in Cole's Hill
Hurricane Edith (1971)

Hurricane Edith of 1971 was a Category Five hurricane. Edith developed from a tropical disturbance on Sunday, September 5 and rapidly strengthened into a hurricane in the Caribbean Sea. She began strengthening on Thursday, September 9 and then made her first landfall as a 160 mph Category Five storm over northern Central America. She later made landfall in western Louisiana on Thursday, September 16 with winds near 105 miles per hour, triggering a tornado outbreak in the Gulf States area. No deaths were reported in the United States, although thirty five lives were taken elsewhere.

References 

Hurricanes
1971
Hurricanes in the United States
Category 5 Atlantic hurricanes
Bell Helicopter

Bell Helicopter is an American company that designs and produces military helicopters and tiltrotors. Its center is in Hurst, Texas, near Fort Worth. It has a branch in Quebec, Canada, which produces commercial rotorcrafts.

Aircraft companies
American transport companies
Companies based in Texas
1935 establishments in the United States
Gina Gillespie

Gina Gillespie (born September 20, 1951) is a former American child actress. She is the sister of ex-Mouseketeer Darlene Gillespie. She played in many television series. She played the role of 'Tess' in "Law of the Plainsman". She was the first child actor to play Pippi Longstocking in a television or movie adaptation of Astrid Lindgren's book. This was on Shirley Temple's Storybook in 1961. Gina also played the young Blanche Hudson in What Ever Happened to Baby Jane? in 1962.

References 

 

1951 births
Living people
American child actors
Sukhoi Su-24

Su-24 Fencer is a Russian supersonic attack aircraft. It was first entered the service in 1974 in the Soviet Union. It has variable-sweep wing. It has two engines. It has two seates. It is still active in Russian Air Force. Some other countries have also this airplane. This fighter is active in these countries: Russia, Ukraine, Iran, Algeria, Kazakhstan, Syria, Azerbaijan.

Sukhoi Su-24
Joey Votto

Joseph Daniel "Joey" Votto (born September 10, 1983 in Toronto, Ontario) is a Canadian baseball player. He currently plays as a first baseman for the Cincinnati Reds of Major League Baseball.

He made his MLB debut for the Cincinnati Reds on September 4, 2007. In 2010, he won the National League MVP Award, the National League Hank Aaron Award, as well as the Lou Marsh Trophy which is awarded annually to Canada's top athlete of that year. He signed a 10-year, $225 million contract extension with Cincinnati, running through the 2024 season on April 2, 2012.

References

Other websites
Joey Votto's MLB player profile

1983 births
Canadian baseball players
Cincinnati Reds players
Living people
Sportspeople from Toronto
Norman Fell

Norman Fell (Norman Noah Feld; March 24, 1924 – December 14, 1998) was an American actor of movie and television. He is famous for his role as landlord Mr. Roper on the sitcom Three's Company and its spin-off, The Ropers. He won a Golden Globe Award.

Fell was born on March 24, 1924 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to a Jewish family. He studied at Central High School of Philadelphia and at Temple University. He also studied at The Actors Studio. 

Fell was married was married to Diane Weiss from 1961 until they divorced in 1973. Then he was married to Karen Weingard from 1975 until her death in 1995. 

Fell died on December 14, 1998 from bone cancer in Los Angeles, California, aged 74.

References

Other websites

 

1924 births
1998 deaths
Deaths from bone cancer
Jewish American actors
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American voice actors
Actors from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Golden Globe Award winning actors
Justin Morneau

Justin Ernest George Morneau (born May 15, 1981 in New Westminster, British Columbia) is a Canadian baseball player. He currently plays as a first baseman for the Minnesota Twins of Major League Baseball.

He made his MLB debut for the Minnesota Twins on June 10, 2003. He won the American League MVP Award in 2006. He also won the 2008 Home Run Derby and two Silver Slugger Awards in 2008.

He wears the number 33 to honour his idol, former NHL goaltender Patrick Roy. He would also not leave the car for hockey games when he was younger until the clock read :33 minutes past the hour.

References

Other websites
Official website
Justin Morneau's MLB player profile

Canadian baseball players
Minnesota Twins players
Sportspeople from British Columbia
1981 births
Living people
Bass Highway, Tasmania

The Bass Highway is a highway in Tasmania, Australia. It is a part of the National Highway, named National Highway 1. It joins the major cities across the north of the state - Burnie, Devonport and Launceston. The Bass Highway is, like Bass Strait, named for explorer George Bass.

The highway connects the following towns:
 Launceston
 Prospect and other Launceston suburbs
 Hadspen
 Carrick
 Hagley
 Westbury
 Exton
 Deloraine
 Elizabeth Town
 Sassafras
 Latrobe
 Devonport
 Forth
 Ulverstone
 Penguin
 Burnie

From Burnie, the Bass Highway is no longer a National Highway, and connects the following towns:

 Somerset
 Wynyard
 Smithton
 Marrawah

As part of the National Highway, there have been many changes to the highway. In the 1980s it was made longer to join the southern exit at Launceston which connects to the Midland Highway. Almost the entire length of the highway has been re-aligned to allow for dual carriageway, overtaking lanes, and the bypass of small towns.

Between Launceston and Deloraine, this had included Carrick and Hadspen in the 1980s and Deloraine in the early 1990s. The longest stretch of highway, the Hagley-Westbury bypass, was completed in 2001. People living in the small towns have been concerned that they no longer get passing trade. The 'old' highway, now known as the Meander Valley Highway, is promoted as a tourist route.

The highway between Latrobe and Somerset has had a similar re-alignment. This section of the highway is more of a commuter highway than a tourist highway, and as such the local economy does not rely on passing tourists.

Roads in Australia
Tasmania
Ethnology

Ethnology is part of anthropology. It studies different ethnic groups.
Sanjay and Craig

Sanjay and Craig is an American animated television series. It is produced by Nickelodeon. The series was first shown on May 25, 2013.

The show's creators are Jim Dirschberger, Andreas Trolf, and Jay Howell. Howell is also the character designer on Bob's Burgers. Sanjay and Craig is being produced by Will McRobb and Chris Viscardi, the creators of The Adventures of Pete & Pete.

Plot
The show is about the adventures of the title characters, a 12-year-old Indian American human boy named Sanjay Patel, and his best friend, a talking snake named Craig. On a promotional webpage for the show, the network explains that Sanjay and Craig's adventures require that "nobody finds out that Craig can talk".

Cast
 Maulik Pancholy as Sanjay Patel, a twelve-year-old Indian-American boy. He goes on adventures with his best friend, Craig. Sanjay lives in an Indian populated town.
 Chris Hardwick as Craig, a talking snake that is the pet of Sanjay. Sanjay met Craig in a pet store.
 Linda Cardellini as Megan Sparkles
 Matt Jones as Hector Flanagan
 Tony Hale as Mr. Leslie Noodman
 Nika Futterman as Belle Pepper
 Kunal Nayyar as Vijay Patel, Sanjay's father who is an Indian.
 Grey DeLisle as Dr. Darlene Patel, Sanjay's mother who is an American doctor. She works in the hospital and tells Sanjay stories about her work.
 John DiMaggio as Mr. Noodman's Father

References

Other websites
 
 
 

2010s television series
2013 American television series debuts
2016 television series endings
American animated television series
Nicktoons
2016 disestablishments in the United States
English-language television programs