cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
MTR Corporation Limited

On 5 October 2000 the operator of the MTR network, MTR Corporation Limited, became Hong Kong's first privatised rail and metro company, which marked the start of the Hong Kong government's planned initiative to wind down its interests in various public utilities. Prior to its listing on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange, the Mass Transit Railway Coporation was wholly owned by the Hong Kong Government. The offering involved the sale of around one billion shares, and the company now has the largest shareholder base of any company listed in Hong Kong. In June, 2001, MTR Corporation Limited was transferred to Hang Seng Index.

MTR Corporation Limited has always been reliant on developing properties next to railway stations for its profits (although the rail lines are profitable themselves); many recently built stations are incorporated into large housing estates or shopping complexes. Examples of this type of construction can be seen at Tsing Yi station, which is built next to the Maritime Square shopping centre, and directly underneath the Tierra Verde housing estate.

On April 11, 2006, MTR Corporation Limited signed a non-binding Memorandum of Understanding with the Hong Kong Government, the owner of Kowloon-Canton Railway Corporation (KCRC), to merge the operation of the two railway networks of Hong Kong. If eventually approved, MTR Corporation Limited will take over the operation of the KCR network and combine the fare system of the two networks.<ref name="merger1">"MTR Corporation Signs Memorandum of Understanding with The Government on Terms of Proposed Rail Merger", MTR Corporation Limited press release, 11 April 2006</ref>
References

Other websites
 MTR Corporate Website
Press release on Wuhan (Adobe Systems Acrobat PDF format)
History and Development of the Company , EDGAR Online.
 Transport for London press release

MTR Properties and MTR Property Management
 Maritime Square Website
 Paradise Mall Website 
 Luk Yeung Galleria Website
 Telford Plaza Website
Residents Portal 

Documentary MTR Underground Iron - The Building of a Railway'' on YouTube
 Part 1
 Part 2
 Part 3
 Part 4
 Part 5

MTR
Txillardegi

José Luis Álvarez Enparantza (27 September 1929 – 14 January 2012) was a Basque linguist, politician and writer. When writing he used the pseudonym Txillardegi. He was born in Donostia, which is called San Sebastian in Spanish. Even though he did not learn the Basque language until he was 17, he came to be seen as one of the most influential figures in Basque nationalism and culture in the second half of the 20th century.

Together with some friends he started ETA in 1959, and became responsible for their social and cultural activities. He also was a founding member of Herri Batasuna, the Basque nationalist party. As a linguist, he helped shape the structure and orthography of Standard Basque.

References

1929 births
2012 deaths
Linguists
Spanish politicians
Spanish writers
Ken Russell

Henry Kenneth Alfred Russell (3 July 1927 – 27 November 2011) was a British director, screenwriter, producer and actor. He was born in Southampton, Hampshire. He directed Women in Love and The Devils. He was a Roman Catholic.

Russell was a housemate in Celebrity Big Brother 2007.

References

Other websites 

1927 births
2011 deaths
Celebrity Big Brother contestants
English movie actors
English movie directors
English movie producers
English Roman Catholics
English screenwriters
English television actors
English television directors
English television producers
English television writers
People from Southampton
Writers from Hampshire
Arkady Ter-Tadevosyan

Arkady Ivani Ter-Tadevosyan (; ; May 22, 1939 – March 31, 2021) was an Armenian military leader of the Armenian forces during the Nagorno-Karabakh War. He is best known as the commander of the operation to capture the town of Shushi in May 1992.

He has the rank of major general in the Armenian Army. He attended a military academy in Saint Petersburg and served in the Soviet Army. 

Yer-Tadevosyan died on March 31, 2021 in Yerevan at the age of 80.

References

More readings
"Tadevosyan, Arkady" entry in the Encyclopedia of Karabakh Liberation War: 1988-1994. Yerevan, 2004.

1939 births
2021 deaths
Armenian military people
Generals
People from Tbilisi
Soviet military people
Nigel Hawthorne

Sir Nigel Barnard Hawthorne CBE (5 April 1929 - 26 December 2001) was a British actor. He was born in Coventry, Warwickshire and raised in South Africa. He is best known for his role as Sir Humphrey Appleby in sitcom Yes Minister and its sequel Yes, Prime Minister. He played the title role as George III in The Madness of King George.

He was gay; his long-term partner, until his death, was screenwriter Trevor Bentham. Hawthorne had pancreatic cancer and died of a heart attack in Radwell, Hertfordshire.

References

Other websites 

1929 births
2001 deaths
Cancer deaths in England
Cardiovascular disease deaths in England
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Deaths from pancreatic cancer
English LGBT people
English movie actors
English stage actors
English television actors
English voice actors
Entertainers from Coventry
Gay men
LGBT actors
Sillod

Sillod is a city in the Indian state of Maharashtra. It is in the district of Aurangabad. As of the 2001 Indian census, Sillod had a population of 43,859.

References

Cities in India
Settlements in Maharashtra
Mutsu Province (1868)

, also called  was an old province of Japan in the area of Iwate Prefecture and Aomori Prefecture on the island of Honshū. It was also known as  or .  The history of this province started in 1868 and ended in 1872.

History
In the Meiji period, the provinces of Japan were converted into prefectures.  Maps of Japan and Mutsu Province were reformed in the 1870s.

Related pages
 Provinces of Japan
 Prefectures of Japan
 List of regions of Japan
 List of islands of Japan
 Sanriku

References

Other websites 

  Murdoch's map of provinces, 1903

Former provinces of Japan
Aomori Prefecture
Iwate Prefecture
1872 disestablishments
1868 establishments in Japan
19th-century disestablishments in Japan
Mutsu Province

, also known as Michinoku,was an old province of Japan in the area of Fukushima, Miyagi, Iwate and Aomori Prefectures on the island of Honshū. It was also known as  or .

History

The boundaries of Mutsu were formally established during the reigns of Empress Genshō and Empress Kōken.

 709 (Wadō 2, 3rd month):  Fighting against Imperial authority. 

 712 (Wadō 5), Mutsu was separated from Dewa Province.

 801 (Enryaku 20): Mutsu was conquered by Sakanoue no Tamuramaro. 

 869 (Jōgan 10, 5th month): An earthquake and tsunami caused more than 1,000 deaths.

 1051 (Eishō 6): In Michinoku, the Nine Years War (1051–1062) begins. Minamoto no Yoriyoshi is named governor of Mutsu and he is given the title chinjufu shōgun..

In the Meiji period, the provinces of Japan were converted into prefectures.  Maps of Japan and Mutsu Province were reformed in the 1870s.

Shrines and Temples
Tsutsukowake jinja and Shiogama jinja were the chief Shinto shrines (ichinomiya) of Mutsu.

Related pages
 Mutsu Province (1868)
 Provinces of Japan
 Prefectures of Japan
 List of regions of Japan
 List of islands of Japan
 Sanriku

References

Other websites 

  Murdoch's map of provinces, 1903

Aomori Prefecture
Fukushima Prefecture
Iwate Prefecture
Miyagi Prefecture
Julius Erving

"Dr. Jay" redirects here.  It is an incorrect name, or misspelling, of Dr. J.  For the American rapper and music producer who does not deejay, see Dr. Dre.  For the fictional character "Doc Jay", see Full Metal Jacket.

Julius Winfield Erving II (born February 22, 1950) is a retired American basketball player. He went to Roosevelt High school. He is best known by the nickname Dr. J.  Other nicknames include The Doctor and J. W. Erving.  Erving helped create the modern style of basketball. Jumping and playing above the rim of the basket became a more important part of the game.

Career 
Erving was the best known player in the American Basketball Association (ABA) when it joined with the NBA in 1976. He won three championships and four Most Valuable Player Awards. He scored the most points in the league three times. He did it while playing with the ABA's Virginia Squires and New York Nets and the NBA's Philadelphia 76ers.

He is the fifth-highest scorer in professional basketball history. He scored 30,026 points (NBA and ABA combined). He was the only player to have been voted Most Valuable Player in both the ABA and the NBA. Erving was named to the NBA's 50th Anniversary All-Time team. In 1993, he was added into the Basketball Hall of Fame.

Many think that Erving is one of the best basketball players ever. He was well known for slam dunking from the free throw line. He was one of the best dunkers of all time. His best known dunk was the "slam" dunk. Since then, this move has become a regular term in basketball and is felt by most the be a basic part of the game. He is also credited with making the "cross-over" dribble and the "no look" pass a part of the game.

References

1950 births
Living people
African-American basketball players
Philadelphia 76ers players
Sportspeople from New York
American basketball players
Secrets of the Furious Five

Kung Fu Panda: Secrets of the Furious Five is an Annie Award-winning American animated short. It was made by DreamWorks Animation. The movie is a semi-sequel (or spin-off) to the animated movie Kung Fu Panda. It is a part of the original movie's deluxe DVD release. It was later broadcast on NBC on February 26, 2009. The short is now available as a separate DVD as of March 24, 2009. Also, ever since it was released, the short received positive reviews and won the Annie Award for best animated short.

Other websites
 Kung Fu Panda - Official Website
 

Animated movies
2008 movies
English-language movies
Annie Award winners
Kung Fu Panda
Kung Fu Panda: Secrets of the Masters

Kung Fu Panda: Secrets of the Masters (also shortened to Secrets of the Masters) is a 2011 computer-animated short movie from DreamWorks Animation. It was released on December 13, 2011 with the Kung Fu Panda 2 DVD and Blu-ray.

Awards
Secrets of the Masters won in 2012 an Annie Award for Best Animated Special Production.

References

Other websites
 

Animated movies
2011 movies
English-language movies
Annie Award winners
Steve Coogan

Stephen John Coogan (born 14 October 1965) is a British comedian, actor, writer and television producer. He was born in Middleton, Lancashire and raised in Alkrington. He lives in East Sussex. He performs stand-up comedy, parody and satire. He has played roles in sitcoms and movies. His best known character is Alan Partridge.

References

Other websites 

Chortle

Actors from Greater Manchester
Actors from Lancashire
British screenwriters
British stand-up comedians
Comedians from Lancashire
English movie actors
English television actors
English voice actors
Writers from Lancashire
1965 births
Living people
Crow Island School

Crow Island School is an elementary school in Winnetka, Illinois. Several architects worked together to design the building. Eero Saarinen worked with the architectural firm of Perkins, Wheeler and Will. The building was finished in 1940. It is different from many other schools because of its design and its ideas about education. Now, kindergarten through fourth grade students go to this school.

The first jungle gym is here. It used to be at the Horace Mann School, but that school building was taken down in 1940. People who ran the school moved this special playground equipment to the Crow Island School then.

The building won the Twenty-five Year Award in 1971. The school was named a National Historic Landmark in 1990.

References

Other websites
 List of awards 

National Historic Landmarks of the United States
Buildings and structures in the United States
Schools in Illinois
1940 establishments in Illinois
Rio Grande

The Río Grande, or Río Bravo (del Norte), is a river in the United States and Mexico. The name "Río Grande" means "great river" in Spanish. The source of the Río Grande is in the San Juan Mountains in Colorado. It flows through the U.S. states of Colorado and New Mexico, and Texas, and forms the border between Texas and the Mexican states of Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo León, and Tamaulipas. The Río Grande empties into the Gulf of Mexico.

Rivers of Colorado
Geography of New Mexico
Rivers of Texas
Rivers of Mexico
Biasing

Biasing in electronics is using specific voltages and/or currents at points of an electronic circuit to set an appropriate operating point. The operating point of a device, also known as bias point, is the point that shows the direct current (DC), collector-emitter voltage (VCE), and the collector current (IC) with no input signal. The term is normally used with transistors.

Electronics
Billy Bunter

William George Bunter (a.k.a. Billy Bunter, the "Fat Owl of the Remove"), is a fictional character created by Charles Hamilton using the pen name Frank Richards. He featured originally in stories set at Greyfriars School in the boys weekly story paper The Magnet first published in 1908, and has since appeared in novels, on television, in stage plays, and in comic strips.

Bibliography 
 .
 .
 .
 .
 .
 .
 .
 .
 .
 .
 .

Other websites 
 Friardale Collection of Charles Hamilton material: Novels, story papers, etc.
 The Magnet 1908-1940 Original Greyfriars stories: facsimile editions of The Magnet
 Collecting Books and Magazines Detailed article
 Greyfriars, The Magnet & Billy Bunter  Facts and Figures
 Greyfriars Index Detailed listing of Hamilton's work
 The Friars Club  Enthusiasts’ Club
 The Magnet Detailed site about The Magnet
 Bunterzone  Enthusiasts’ site
 Index of Boys Weeklies

Comics characters
Characters in written fiction
Series of books
Doda (singer)

Dorota Rabczewska, nicknamed Doda or Doda Elektroda, (born February 15, 1984, in Ciechanów, Poland) is a famous Polish singer with one of the largest number of awards in Poland.  She was first known as a member of the Polish rock band Virgin. After the group disbanded she continued with a solo career releasing an album in 2007 called Diamond Bitch and another album The Seven Temptations which was released in 2011. She was featured on CNN, as the tenth most famous Pole in history. In 2011 Polish magazine Viva! put her among ten most influential women in Poland.

References

Other websites 

Polish singers
Living people
1984 births
Snowstar Records

Snowstar Records is an independent Dutch record label based in Utrecht. The label was founded in 2003 by Cedric Muyres. Snowstar is specialised in Indie, singer/songwriter and folk.

History
Since 2003 Snowstar Records  is active in the alternative pop music scene. Initially as a punk rock label operating from Limburg, but the focus shifted to indie, singer/songwriter, folk and americana. Since 2008 the label is based in Utrecht. With the release of I Am Oak, On Claws in 2010 the label obtained a high brand awareness.

Stefan Breuer (band member I Am Oak and Lost Bear) is involved in the production process (recording and mixing) by most of the releases from Snowstar Records, while Tammo kersbergen (also band member I Am Oak and Lost Bear) has provided much of the mastering.

In 2008 Snowstar Record celebrated their fiftieth anniversary with five new releases and a party in DB’s, Utrecht (the Netherlands).

Awards

Rest of the World / abroad
Snowstar is also building on their releases abroad, by working together with foreign labels.
The album from The Secret Love Parade is released in Japan and the albums from I Am Oak in Belgium and Germany.

Discography

Other websites 
 Official website

Artist list
 I Am Oak
 LUIK
 The Secret Love Parade
 Kensington
 Bart van der Lee 
 Lost Bear

Record labels
2003 establishments in Europe
Akutan Zero

The Akutan Zero, also known as Koga's Zero and the Aleutian Zero, was a type 0 model 21 Mitsubishi A6M Zero Japanese fighter plane. This type of airplane was the Imperial Japanese Navy's most common fighter plane during World War 2. It crashed on Akutan Island, Alaska Territory, during June 1942. It was the first flyable Zero that the United States got during the war. The Americans fixed the plane and test pilots flew it to find out how it worked. American tacticians were able to find ways to defeat the Zero.

Tadayoshi Koga was the pilot. He was a 19-year-old flight petty officer first class. He launched from the Japanese aircraft carrier Ryūjō as part of a June 4 1942 raid on Dutch Harbor, Alaska. Small gun fire cut the oil line in the plane. Without oil, the plane crashed and killed the pilot. The plane did not break apart in the crash. The pilots of other Zero planes flying with Koga thought that he might be alive. Because of this, they did not try to destroy his plane. The Americans got the plane in July.

The Akutan Zero was very important to the American war effort. Some said it may have been "one of the greatest prizes of the Pacific war". Japanese historian Masatake Okumiya thought that losing the Akutan Zero to the Americans was similar to Japan losing the Battle of Midway. He said it made Japan lose the war sooner. On the other hand, John Lundstrom is among those who do not agree with "the contention that it took dissection of Koga's Zero to create tactics that beat the fabled airplane".

The Akutan Zero was destroyed in a training accident in 1945. Parts of the plane are kept in several museums in the United States.

References

Further reading
 
 
 
 Okumiya, Masatake, Jiro Horikoshi, and Martin Caidin. Zero! New York: E.P. Dutton & Co., 1956.
 
 
 
 Rearden, Jim. "Koga's Zero—An Enemy Plane That Saved American Lives" . Invention and Technology Magazine. Volume 13, Issue 2, Fall 1997. Retrieved on 2008-12-09.

Other websites

 Bill Thies's website
 Zeros over China, 1941–1942. Ben Schapiro. The Warbird's Forum, May 2008—An article describing the capture and repair of Gerhard Neumann's Zero in China in 1941.
 War Prize: The Capture Of The First Japanese Zero Fighter In 1941. j-aircraft.com, December 3, 1999. A second article describing the capture and repair of Gerhard Neumann's Zero.
 Article on Yoshimitsu Maeda's crashed Zero

Individual aircraft
World War II Japanese aircraft
Morrill Anti-Bigamy Act

The Morrill Anti-Bigamy Act (37th United States Congress, Sess. 2., ch. 126, ) was a federal law. The act banned men having more than one wife at the same time (bigamy). It also limited the amount of property that a church and non-profit could own in any territory of the United States to $50,000. Justin Smith Morrill of Vermont sponsored it. President Abraham Lincoln signed it on July 8, 1862.

History 
The act wanted to stop the Mormon practice of plural marriage and the property dominance of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in the Utah Territory. The measure had no funds allocated for enforcement. Lincoln chose not to enforce this law. Instead, Lincoln gave Brigham Young tacit permission to ignore the Morrill Act in exchange for not becoming involved with the Civil War. General Patrick Edward Connor, commanding officer of the federal forces garrisoned at Fort Douglas, Utah beginning in 1862 was explicitly instructed not to confront the Mormons over this or any other issue.

In 1878 the Supreme Court ruled in Reynolds v. United States that religious duty was not a suitable defense for breaking this law. Many Mormons went into hiding.The Morrill Anti-Bigamy Act was amended in 1882 by the Edmunds Act, and then again in 1887 by the Edmunds–Tucker Act. By 1904, the LDS church disavowed bigamy.

References

1862 in the United States
Mormonism
19th century in Utah
United States federal legislation
Ōmi Province

is an old province of Japan in the area of Shiga Prefecture on the island of Honshū. It was also known as .

The ancient capital city of the province was near Ōtsu.

Lake Biwa in Ōmi is Japan's largest lake.

History

In the Kamakura period, Hōjō Tokimasa was made daimyo of Ōmi in 1200 (Shōji 2).

In the Sengoku Period, the northern part of the province was the fief of Ishida Mitsunari. After the Battle of Sekigahara, Ōmi was controlled by the Ii clan who built the castle and town of Hikone.

In the Edo period, the Tōkaidō road was the main route between the Imperial capital at Kyoto and the main city of the Tokugawa Shogunate.  The road passed through Ōmi.  

Eight of the 69 Stations of the Nakasendō were in Ōmi. 

In the Meiji period, the provinces of Japan were converted into prefectures.  The maps of Japan and Ōmi Province were reformed in the 1870s.

Shrines and Temples
Takebe taisha was the chief Shinto shrine (ichinomiya) of Ōmi.  

Enryaku-ji is one of the most important Buddhist centers.  The monastery is on Mount Hiei (Hieizan).

Related pages
 Provinces of Japan
 Prefectures of Japan
 List of regions of Japan
 List of islands of Japan

References

Other websites 
 
  Murdoch's map of provinces, 1903

Former provinces of Japan
Shiga Prefecture
Iwashiro Province

is an old province in the area of Fukushima Prefecture on the island of Honshū. It was sometimes called .  The history of the province started in 1868 and ended in 1872.

History
In the Meiji period, the provinces of Japan were converted into prefectures.  The maps of Japan and Iashiro Province were reformed in the 1870s.

Related pages
 Provinces of Japan
 Prefectures of Japan
 List of regions of Japan
 List of islands of Japan
 Sanriku

References

Other websites 

  Murdoch's map of provinces, 1903

Former provinces of Japan
Fukushima Prefecture
Iwase Province

is an old province in the area of western Fukushima Prefecture on the island of Honshū. The history of the province started in 718 and ended in 722 or 724.

History
Iwase Province was created during the reign of Empress Genshō.  

The province was established in 718.  The area of the province reverted to Mutsu some time between 722 and 724.

Related pages
 Provinces of Japan
 Prefectures of Japan
 List of regions of Japan
 List of islands of Japan

References

Other websites 

  Murdoch's map of provinces, 1903

Former provinces of Japan
Fukushima Prefecture
Grover

Grover is a Muppet character on the popular television show Sesame Street. He calls himself lovable, cute and furry. He is a monster who rarely uses contractions when speaking or singing.

Grover was first performed by Frank Oz. He provided the character's voice regularly from his earliest appearances until 2001. Eric Jacobson began performing Grover in 1998. He has performed the character regularly since 2002, although Oz still performs him some times.

Grover's birthday is October 14.

References 

Muppets
Sesame Street characters

de:Sesamstraße#Grobi
Mr. Johnson (Sesame Street)

Mr. Johnson is a character in Sesame Street. He is Grover's regular customer at Charlie's Restaurant and other restaurants as well. He is a fat Anything Muppet who has become increasingly frustrated over the years with the service Grover provides (however, in the earlier skits, the situation was reversed, Mr. Johnson was calm, but Grover was the one who would get exasperated). Mr. Johnson was mainly performed by Jerry Nelson, and is mostly seen as a customer at Charlie's Restaurant. Mr. Johnson is always called "Sir" politely by Grover.

Muppets
Sesame Street characters
Vernon Rudolph

Vernon Carver Rudolph (June 30, 1915, Marshall County, Kentucky - August 16, 1973) was the founder of Krispy Kreme Doughnuts, Inc.

Rudolph was the oldest of two boys who were born to Plumie and Rethie Rudolph. As he got older, he began to help in the general store that his father owned. When he graduated from high school, he went to Paducah, Kentucky with his uncle. In 1933, Rudolph's uncle bought a doughnut shop and recipe for yeast-raised donuts. He bought them from a French federal employee named Joe La-beau. This all happened during the middle of the great depression, so they moved to Nashville, Tennessee to see if they could get better business there and secure their financial future.

1915 births
1973 deaths
Businesspeople from Kentucky
Haemocyanin

Haemocyanin (or hemocyanin) is a protein which transports oxygen in the bodies of some invertebrates. Their active centre has two copper atoms which reversibly bind a single oxygen molecule (O2). Unlike the hemoglobin in red blood cells found in vertebrates, hemocyanins are not bound to blood cells. The molecules are carried in the haemolymph. 

Hemocyanins are found only in the Mollusca and Arthropoda. However, the molecule is used only in a few insects. This is because insects evolved another system: the direct transfer of oxygen to tissues by a system of tubes called trachea. This delivers oxygen direct to the wing muscles and other organs.

References 

Copper compounds
Physiology
Invertebrates
Cirrina

Cirrina is one of the two suborders of octopus. Cirrina is also known as the finned, deep sea octopus. They have two fins on the head and a small internal shell. The paddle shaped fins help the Cirrina swim through the ocean.

References

Cephalopods
Spermatophore

A spermatophore is a sperm packet used by invertebrates.

Male reproductive system
Invertebrates
Hectocotylus

A hectocotylus is a modified arm used to by male cephalopods to put sperm on females.

Anatomy of the male reproductive system
Cephalopods
Linear programming

Linear programming or Linear optimisation is a field of mathematics that deals with finding optimal values or solutions that can be described with linear equations and inequalities. Very often this involves finding the minimal or maximal values, given some conditions, or constraints. Linear programming is often used for problems where no exact solution is known, for example for planning traffic flows. Linear programming is one of the main methods used in Operations research. Linear optimization is a special case of Convex optimization. It forms the basis for several methods of solving problems of Integer programming. In many cases, the solutions of linear programs can be mapped to Polyhedra, which allows solving and modelling certain problems geometrically. 

In the case of linear programming, the word programming should be seen as planning; George Dantzig coined the term in the 1940s, long before computers were used to solve such problems. Looking at the information theory complexity, linear programming problems are simple, and can be solved efficiently using algorithms such as the interior point method. In many cases, the Simplex algorithm developed by Dantzig has proven to be very fast, even though its complexity is exponential, in the worst case. 

Leonid Kantorovich developed the first methods of linear programming in 1939.

Combinatorial optimization
Xtranormal

Xtranormal is a website that hosts text-to-speech based computer animated videoclips, featuring  animated three-dimensional characters speaking in monotone computer voices. Users who log into the site may create videos by scripting the dialog and choosing from a menu of camera angles and predesigned characters and scenes. Xtranormal videos may also be created through an interface on the Youtube web site, and Xtranormal's animation software, called State, may be downloaded free and run offline.

Xtranormal launched in June 2010, after four years of earlier software development. Although it was originally intended as a way for filmmakers to quickly produce storyboards, its emphasis shifted towards satires of workplace misbehavior after one of its videos, about a cellphone salesman, went viral.

In 2010, the short movie Sleeping with Charlie Kaufman by director J. Roland Kelly, animated entirely with Xtranormal, premiered at the Little Rock Film Festival and was shown at The Rome International Film Festival in Rome, Georgia. Xtranormal videos form a recurring feature on the late night Fox talk show Red Eye w/ Greg Gutfeld, and have been featured as part of a GEICO advertising campaign.On July 31, 2013, Xtranormal was shut down officially.

References

Other websites
 

Entertainment websites
Holly G. Frankel

Holly G. Frankel (born July 13, 1979), also known as Holly Gauthier-Frankel, is a Canadian voice actress, singer, and Burlesque dancer.

She is the daughter of Ron Frankel and Mary Lou Gauthier. Frankel is best known being the voice of Fern in Arthur, Sagwa, the Chinese Siamese Cat, Teri in later episodes of What's with Andy?, Loulou in Wimzie's House, and Flora in the Cinélume's English dub of Winx Club. She is also known for her alter-ego as burlesque performer Miss Sugarpuss.

Animation Voice Work
Penelope Truehart - Fred's Head TV series (2008)
Roo - Winnie the Pooh
Ezekiel Zick - Monster Allergy
Flora - Winx Club (English dub by original producer)
Fern - Arthur (1996) and Postcards from Buster (2004)
Sagwa and Chung-nee - Sagwa, the Chinese Siamese Cat
Third Driver and Mrs. Harcourt - Atlantis: The Lost Empire (2001)
Female Villager #11 - The Emperor's New Groove (2000)
Lina's House Alarm - Aqua Teen Hunger Force (2000)
Woman #2 - Toy Story 2 (1999)
Belinda - Mona The Vampire (1999-2003) and The Story of Us (1999)
Female Mosquito - A Bug's Life (1998)
Loulou - Wimzie's House (1995-1996)
Teri - What's with Andy? (2003-2007)
Julie - Caillou
Dewitt - Will and Dewitt
Check-out Girl/Marcie - X-Chromosome (1999)
Rita the Fox - Jungledyret Hugo (Danish movie series) (English dub)
Vladanna - Still Life (computer game) (2005)
Dewitt - Will and Dewitt

References

Canadian voice actors
Canadian singers
Dancers
Actors from Quebec
1979 births
Living people
Shimōsa Province

was an old province of Japan in the area of Chiba Prefecture and Ibaraki Prefecture on the island of Honshū.  It was also known as  or . 

The province had borders with Kazusa  Province to the south, Musashi and Kōzuke Provinces to the west, and Hitachi and Shimotsuke Provinces to the north.

History

Shimōsa was part of a larger territory known as . Fusa which was divided into Kazusa and Shimōsa during the reign of Emperor Kōtoku (645-654).  

In the Meiji period, the provinces of Japan were converted into prefectures.  The maps of Japan and Shimōsa Province were reformed in the 1870s.

Shrines and Temples
Katori jinja was the chief Shinto shrine (ichinomiya) of Shimōsa.

Related pages
 Provinces of Japan
 Prefectures of Japan
 List of regions of Japan
 List of islands of Japan

References

Other websites 

  Murdoch's map of provinces, 1903

Former provinces of Japan
Chiba Prefecture
Ricky Gervais

Ricky Dene Gervais (born 25 June 1961) is an English comedian, actor, director, presenter, singer and writer. 

He became famous with his show The Office.

Gervais was born and raised in Reading, Berkshire, England. He was half of 1980s New Wave duo Seona Dancing. He is known for television series including The 11 O'Clock Show, The Office, Meet Ricky Gervais, Extras, An Idiot Abroad, Life's Too Short and Derek. He wrote a children's book, Flanimals. He has performed stand-up shows Animals, Politics, Fame and Science. He has starred in movies: Ghost Town, The Invention of Lying and Cemetery Junction.  He has won seven BAFTA awards and two Emmy awards.

Gervais hosted the Golden Globe Awards in 2010, 2011 and 2012.

Personal life
He is an atheist. He lives between Hampstead, England, and New York City with his partner, producer and author Jane Fallon. Gervais has said that they aren't going to get married because "there's no point in us having an actual ceremony before the eyes of God because there is no God". They have also chosen not to have children.

References

Other websites 

Official website
Twitter

1961 births
Living people
Actors from Berkshire
British atheists
British stand-up comedians
English children's writers
English comedians
English movie actors
English movie directors
English movie producers
English screenwriters
English singers
English television actors
English television directors
English television producers
English television writers
English voice actors
Musicians from Berkshire
People from Reading, Berkshire
Cedar

Cedar (scientific name Cedrus) is a genus of cone-bearing trees in the plant family Pinaceae. They are native to the mountains of the western Himalaya and the Mediterranean region. They are found at heights of  in the Himalaya and  in the Mediterranean.

Cedars are trees up to  (occasionally ) tall with spicy-scented wood, thick ridged or square-cracked bark, and broad, level branches. The shoots are of two kinds, long shoots, which form the framework of the branches, and short shoots, which carry most of the leaves. The leaves are evergreen and needle-like, 8–60 mm long, arranged in an open spiral on long shoots, and in dense spiral clusters of 15–45 together on short shoots; they vary from bright grass-green to dark green to strongly glaucous pale blue-green, depending on the thickness of the white wax layer which protects the leaves from drying out. The female seed cones are barrel-shaped, 6–12 cm long and 3–8 cm broad, green at first, then maturing grey-brown, and, as in Abies, disintegrate when mature to release the winged seeds. The seeds are 10–15 mm long, with a 20–30 mm wing; as in Abies, the seeds have 2–3 blisters, containing an unpleasant-tasting resin, thought to be a defence against squirrels eating them. Cones take one year to mature, with pollination in autumn and the seeds maturing the same time a year later. The male pollen cones are slender, egg-shaped, 3–8 cm long, produced in late summer and shedding pollen in autumn.

Naming of species
Cedar cones have a similar structure to fir cones and for many years in the past experts thought they were closely related but modern scientific investigation has shown that they belong to the same family but not closely related.

There are several types of cedars and experts cannot agree how they are related. Some scientists put them all in one group while others separate them into different groups.

These are the names of the different kinds of cedars:
 Deodar or Deodar Cedar, Cedrus deodara (also known as. C. libani subspecies. deodara). Native to Western Himalaya.
 Lebanon Cedar or Cedar of Lebanon, Cedrus libani. Native to the mountains of the Mediterranean region, from Turkey and Lebanon west to Morocco.
 Lebanon Cedar, Cedrus libani subspecies. libani. Native to the mountains of Lebanon, western Syria and south-central Turkey.
 Turkish Cedar Cedrus libani subspecies stenocoma. Native to the mountains of southwest Turkey.
 Cyprus Cedar, Cedrus brevifolia (also known as Cedrus libani subsp. brevifolia or Cedrus libani variety brevifolia). Native to the mountains of Cyprus.
 Atlas Cedar, Cedrus atlantica (also known as Cedrus libani subspecies atlantica). Atlas mountains in Morocco & Algeria.

References

Lebanon
Conifers
Maynard Ferguson

Maynard Ferguson (May 4, 1928 – August 23, 2006) was a Canadian jazz musician and bandleader. He was born in Verdun, Quebec. He came to prominence playing in Stan Kenton's orchestra, before forming his own band in 1957. He was noted for being able to play accurately in a remarkably high register, and for his bands, which served as stepping stones for up-and-coming talent. He died in Ventura, California.

Discography  (selected) 
 Jazz Masters 52: Maynard Ferguson (Verve Records, 1951-1957)
 The New Sounds of Maynard Ferguson and His Orchestra (Fresh Sound, 1964)
 Chameleon (Columbia Records, 1974(P))
 Conquistador (Columbia Records, 1977)
 Carnival (Columbia Records, 1978)
 Live from San Francisco (Rhino, 1983)
 These Cats Can Swing (Concord Records, 1994) with Tom Garling
 One More Trip to Birdland (Concord, 1996)
 Brass Attitude (Concord, 1998)

1928 births
2006 deaths
Canadian composers
Deaths from renal failure
Disease-related deaths in the United States
Jazz musicians
Musicians from Quebec
Ibirapuera Park

Ibirapuera Park is a major urban park in São Paulo, Brazil. It has a large area for leisure, jogging and walking, as well as a convention center.

Other websites 

 Ibirapuera Park, official website

Parks
São Paulo
Marion Strecker

Marion Strecker (b. São Paulo, October 17, 1960) is a Brazilian journalist, photographer and businessperson. She is known as one of the pioneers of the Internet industry in South America. Since 2011 she has been living in San Francisco, California, and working as an Editor-at-Large for UOL. UOL is the major content portal in Brazil. Since 2010, she has also been a columnist for Folha de S.Paulo, the largest newspaper in Brazil. She writes in the Market section about technology, innovation and behavior.

Strecker is one of the founders of UOL. She was the Content VP of the company from 1996 until 2011. UOL soon became a very large website. It reached about 70% of the online audience in Brazil with news, entertainment and services.

Before joining the team that founded UOL, Marion Strecker worked at Folha de S.Paulo from 1984 to 1996. She was a writer, an art critic, editor of the cultural section, planning coordinator, reporter, director of the archives and director of the Folha News Agency. Strecker was one of the authors of the “Folha Newsroom Manual”.

After coordinating the Digitization of the Newspaper Archives Project in the early 90s, Strecker led a team that created many high tech products. These included like audiotext services (1993), the newspaper’s full text yearly CD-ROMs (1994-96) and a system similar to a BBS. This system gave all the Folha de S.Paulo journalists and foreign correspondents access to the archives online, using telephone lines and microcomputers. Because of this work, Strecker was given the Folha Award on Journalism, Special Category, in 1995.

She also led the team which created the first website for Folha’s Media Group in Brazil. It was first used on 9 July 1995. Later that year, Strecker created the first content team for the launch of UOL in April 1996. UOL soon became the leader in the Brazilian internet market.

Since the 80s, she has written for several magazines and also spoken at many seminars and conferences in Brazil, United States and Europe. In the 90s she had a short career as a Professor of New Technologies for Communication at Casper Libero College of Journalism in São Paulo.

Early in her career as a journalist, Strecker was a writer and a co-editor with Lisette Lagnado of “Arte em São Paulo”. This is a magazine founded by the Brazilian painter Luiz Paulo Baravelli, about the visual arts.

Strecker holds a Bachelor’s Degree in Social Communication from PUC (Pontific Catholic University of São Paulo). Before working in journalism and online media, Strecker was a music teacher and a performer.

Strecker is married to the Brazilian journalist Mario Cesar Carvalho. They have two children, Theo and Helena.

References
Folha de S.Paulo/columnists
ONA – Online News Association
Abraji - Associação Brasileira de Jornalismo Investigativo
Marion's speech on the first Brazilian Online Presidential debate (Election 2010)
Presentation for University of Texas at Austin 
Marion's page on Linked in 

1960 births
Living people
Brazilian journalists
Brazilian businesspeople
Brazilian photographers
Brazilian critics
Art critics
Oscar Pettiford

Oscar Pettiford (September 30, 1922 – September 8, 1960) was an American jazz bassist, cellist and  composer. He was known for his pioneering work in bebop.

Discography

As leader 
 Bass Hits (Topaz, 1943–46)
 Discoveries (1952)
 The New Oscar Pettiford Sextet (Debut, 1953) with Charles Mingus, Julius Watkins, Walter Bishop jr., Percy Bridge
 First Bass (1953)
 Oscar Pettiford Sextet (Vogue, 1954) with Kai Winding, Al Cohn, Tal Farlow, Henri Renaud, Max Roach
 Basically Duke (1954)
 Another One (1955)
 O.P. Big Band: Deep Passion (GRP, 1956–57) with Tommy Flanagan, David Amram, Julius Watkins, David Kurtzer, Jerome Richardson, Osie Johnson, Gigi Gryce, Lucky Thompson, Art Farmer, Danny Bank, Jimmy Cleveland, Ernie Royal,  Janet Putnam u.a.
 Winner's Circle (Prestige, 1957) with John Coltrane
 The Oscar Pettiford Orchestra in Hi-Fi, Vol. 1 (1956) & Vol. 2 (1957) with Tommy Flanagan, David Amram, Ed London, Art Farmer, Gigi Gryce, Betty Glamamm, Jimmy Cleveland, Osie Johnson, Danny Bank, Jerome Richardson, Lucky Thompson, Ernie Royal.
 Vienna Blues – The Complete Session (Black Lion, 1959) with Hans Koller, Attila Zoller, Jimmy Pratt
 Montmartre Blues (Black Lion, 1959–60)
 The Complete Essen Jazz Festival Concert, (Black Lion, 1960) with Coleman Hawkins, Bud Powell, Kenny Clarke
 My Little Cello (America Records, 1960)

Bassists
Musicians from Oklahoma
American jazz musicians
1922 births
1960 deaths
Rick Jones (voice actor)

Richard "Rick" Jones is an Canadian director, writer, content developer, voice actor, and comedian. He was the voice of Fu-Fu in Sagwa, the Chinese Siamese Cat.

Since 1982, he's worked with Fox, Disney, Universal, Hanna-Barbera, Alphanim, Cinar and Nelvana. Jones has been nominated for a Gemini Award twice in 1985 and 2000.

He also was known for being the voice of Slax in X-DuckX, and Razmo in Ratz.

Early life
He was born Richard Jones.

References

Other websites
 

Canadian voice actors
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Canadian comedians
Canadian writers
No Motherland Without You

No Motherland Without You is a North Korean song. It is the signature song of Kim Jong-il. The song tells of the talent and virtues of Jong-il, and the attachment of the Korean people for him. The song's chorus is "We cannot exist without you, Comrade Kim Jong-il! The motherland cannot exist without you!" It is also thought to be the anthem of Songun politics because Jong-il started the Songun (military-first) policy of North Korean politics in 1995. It is often broadcast on the radio and from loudspeakers on the streets of Pyongyang.

Lyrics
The civil lyrics use the phrase 김정일동지 (Comrade Kim Jong-il) to refer to the son of Kim Il-sung. The military version of the song refers to the North Korean leader as 김정일장군 (transl. Gim Jeong-il jang-gun; eng. General Kim Jong-il) because he was the Supreme Commander of the Korean People's Army since 1991. The lyrics used by the Korean Workers' Party are as follows:

 Note: The military version of the song refers to Kim Jong-il as General Kim Jong-il, not Comrade Kim Jong-il because he was the KPA Supreme Commander-in-Chief since 1991 and the Chairman of the DPRK National Defense Commission since 1993, while the civilian/official version refers otherwise because he was the Workers Party of Korea General Secretary since 1997 and held other civilian positions.

Related pages
 Song of General Kim Jong-il
 North Korean music
 Propaganda in North Korea
 Pochonbo Electronic Ensemble

References

Other websites
 당신이 없으면 조국도 없다 
 Youtube - Performed by KPA state merited chorus
 Youtube - Performed by Pochonbo Electronic Ensemble (Subtitles)

North Korea
Songs
Kung Fu Panda: Legends of Awesomeness

Kung Fu Panda: Legends of Awesomeness 
(also known as 
Kung Fu Panda: The Series
sometimes shortened to Legends of Awesomeness)
is an American computer-animated television series based on the Kung Fu Panda movies. The series was originally set to air on Nickelodeon in 2010, but it was pushed back to 2011 instead. A total of 52 episodes have been produced or ordered. Two special previews were aired on September 19 and October 21, and it premiered on November 7, 2011.

While Lucy Liu and James Hong come back for the show, others didn't and were replaced by new members (for example, Mick Wingert is the new voice of Master Po, taking over from Po's original voice actor Jack Black).

Voice cast
 Mick Wingert as Po
 Fred Tatasciore as Shifu
 Kari Wahlgern as Tigress / Fang (1st time)
 Amir Talai as Crane
 Lucy Liu as Viper
 James Sie as Monkey / Chao
 Max Koch as Mantis
 James Hong as Mr. Ping
 Lynn Milgrim as Scorpion
 Kevin Michael Richardson as Temutai
 Wallace Shawn as Taotie
 Simon Helberg as Bian Zao
 John DiMaggio as Fung
 Amy Hill as Su / Mrs. Gow
 Lauren Tom as Song / Bai Li
 Toby Huss as Mr. Yeung
 Jim Ward as Kwan
 Diedrich Bader as Hundun
 Stephen Root as Junjie
 Wendie Malick as Fenghuang
 Randall Duk Kim as Oogway
 Pamela Hayden as Fang (2nd time)
 Frank Welker as Animals' vocal effects (uncredited)

References

American children's television series
Animated television series
Nickelodeon television series
English-language television programs
2011 television series debuts
2016 television series endings
Amy Tan

Amy Tan (born February 19, 1952) is an American writer. Her works deal with mother-daughter relationships.  Her most well-known work is The Joy Luck Club. It has been translated into 35 languages. In 1993, a movie was made based on the book.

Tan has written several other novels. These include The Kitchen God's Wife, The Hundred Secret Senses, The Bonesetter's Daughter and Saving Fish from Drowning. She also wrote a collection of non-fiction essays entitled The Opposite of Fate: A Book of Musings. Her novel Saving Fish from Drowning explores the problems dealt with by a group of people who disappear while on an art expedition in the jungles of Burma. Tan has also written two children's books: The Moon Lady (1992) and Sagwa, the Chinese Siamese Cat (1994). Sagwa  was turned into an animated series which aired on PBS. She also appeared on PBS in a short spot encouraging children to write.

She is a child of Chinese immigrants: John and Daisy Tan.

Related pages
List of Chinese writers

References

Other websites

 
 
 'Reading in Reverse', review of The Opposite of Fate in the Oxonian Review

Writers from California
American novelists
1952 births
Living people
Barriga de Aluguel

Barriga de Aluguel is a Brazilian historical telenovela. It was first shown in 1990. The series starred Cláudia Abreu, Cássia Kiss and Victor Fasano.

Cast

References

Other websites
 

1990 television series debuts
Telenovelas
Brazilian television series
Stop Online Piracy Act

The Stop Online Piracy Act or SOPA was a proposed American law to stop copyright infringement on the Internet.

The Internet community had major discussion over it in 2011 and 2012, but the bill was not passed.  Some experts said the proposed changes to the internet would have worldwide effects.

Many critics said it would have bad unintended consequences.

Protest 

Some people and businesses supported the new law. Others were alarmed.  Supporters worried that current copyright laws are not effective in shutting down piracy websites.  The opponents worried that it is a kind of censorship.  It is hard to tell which side is correct because the language in the law is still being written.

The English Wikipedia masked most of its pages with a banner on January 18, 2012. They used JavaScript to do this, which means that people could avoid the banner by just disabling JavaScript in their browser. The Wikipedia blackout is intended to spotlight the value of open access to information on the Internet.

Other websites joined protests against SOPA. For example, Google put up a black censor board in front of its logo.

Many critics questioned the value and likely effects of the protests. Some people questioned the timing of the protests.

Related pages 
 Protect IP Act

References

Other websites

 Text of Stop Online Piracy Act (archive); H.R. 3261
  US House Judiciary Committee website 
  SOPA Strike website
 
  
  

United States law
Copyright
Fallout: New Vegas

Fallout: New Vegas is a role-playing video game. It was developed by Obsidian Entertainment and published by Bethesda Softworks. While New Vegas is not a direct sequel, it uses the same engine and style as Fallout 3. Some of the employees at Obsidian also used to work at Interplay and Black Isle Studios who made Fallout 1 and Fallout 2. It is set in a post-apocalyptic Nevada.
 
The game was released on October 19, 2010, in North America, October 22, 2010 in Europe, and November 4, 2010, in Asia and October 21, 2010 Australia. It is available on the PC, Xbox 360, and PlayStation 3.

Fallout series
Role-playing video games
2010 video games
Windows games
PlayStation 3 games
Xbox 360 games
Buffalo gourd

Buffalo gourd (Cucurbita foetidissima), also known as the buffalo gourd, calabazilla, chilicote, coyote gourd, fetid gourd, fetid wild pumpkin, Missouri gourd, prairie gourd, stinking gourd, wild gourd, and wild pumpkin is a small plant in the Cucurbitaceae family, related to squash.

Vegetables
Cucurbitaceae