cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Commodore VIC-20

Commodore VIC-20 was a home computer released in 1980. It was made by Commodore Business Machines. It was the first computer that sold over million sets.

The Commodore VIC-20 was powered by a 6502 CPU, running at 1 MHz.  Though the system reportedly had 5KB of RAM, users only had access to about 3.5KB for BASIC programs.  It had no internal, permanent, data storage, but could save programs on standard audio tapes and later, on 5.25 inch floppy disks. In early 1985,this computer was discontinued.

References

Commodore computers
Commodore 16

Commodore 16 was a home computer made by Commodore International. It was released in 1984. It was intended to replace VIC-20 computer, but it failed. It was only sold in Europe.

References

Commodore computers
The Incredible Burt Wonderstone

The Incredible Burt Wonderstone is a 2013 comedy movie directed by Don Scardino. It stars Jim Carrey, Steve Carell, Steve Buscemi, Alan Arkin, Olivia Wilde, and James Gandolfini. It got positive reviews. It was released on March 8, 2013.

2013 movies
American comedy movies
Warner Bros. movies
Movies set in Los Angeles
Movies set in Las Vegas
English-language movies
Flight (movie)

Flight is a 2012 drama movie directed by Robert Zemeckis. It stars Denzel Washington, Kelly Reilly, Melissa Leo, Don Cheadle, and John Goodman. It got positive reviews. Critic Roger Ebert gave the movie four out of four stars. It was released on November 2, 2012. It was nominated for two Academy Awards.

Release dates 

2012 drama movies
American drama movies
English-language movies
Movies directed by Robert Zemeckis
Kelly Reilly

Jessica Kelly Siobhán Reilly (born 18 July 1977) is an English actress. She is known for her roles in Eden Lake, Sherlock Holmes, After Miss Julie, Sherlock Holmes: A Game of Shadows, and Flight. 

Reilly was born on 18 July 1977 in Surrey, England. She has been married to Kyle Baughner since 2012.

References

Other websites

1977 births
Living people
English movie actors
English television actors
English stage actors
English voice actors
Actors from Surrey
Betsy Ross

Betsy Ross (January 1, 1752 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania – January 30, 1836 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania), born  Elizabeth Griscom and also known by her second and third married names Elizabeth Ashburn and Elizabeth Claypoole, is widely known as making the first American flag.  There is, however, no evidence that the story is true.

References

Other websites

Flag: An American Biography website
Betsy Ross Homepage from ushistory.org

1752 births
1836 deaths
Deaths from natural causes
People from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Douglas A-1 Skyraider

The Douglas A-1 Skyraider is an attack aircraft designed and built in the United States. Its first flight was in 1945, but it was too late to be flown in World War II. Originally designed for the US Navy, it was also used by the US Air Force, Fleet Air Arm and French Air Force. It was used by US pilots in the Korean War and Vietnam War, and by the French in the Algeria War. Some were modified for reconnaissance or electronic warfare. Before 1962, the US Navy's A-1 were called AD.

United States Navy aircraft
A-1
United States Air Force aircraft
Vietnam War aircraft
North American Rockwell OV-10 Bronco

The North American Aviation OV-10 Bronco is a twin-turboprop reconnaissance and light attack aircraft. It was designed and built in the United States. The US Air Force, US Marines Corps, and US Navy used it in the Vietnam War. It was also used by the German and Indonesian air forces.

United States Navy aircraft
United States Air Force aircraft
Vietnam War aircraft
Spherical geometry

Spherical geometry is the use of geometry on a sphere. It was started for cartography, as well as for making maps of stars. It is different from Euclidean geometry (which is always on a plane), and Non-Euclidean geometry. Points are defined in the same way as they are in Euclidean geometry: A point is at a defined location on the sphere. A "staight line" is different though: It is the shortest path between two points, which stays on the surface of the plane. Some theorems of Euclidean geometry cannot be used on the sphere, many of them have been adapted though.

Fields of geometry
SPAD S.XIII

The SPAD S.XII is a French fighter aircraft of World War I. It was used by French pilots, but also by Belgians, British, and American pilots. More than 8400 examples were built.

SPAD S.13
French military aircraft
Photobleaching

Photobleaching is when a dye or a fluorophore (a chemical that re-emits light) breaks down from exposure to strong light; similar to how the detergent chemical bleach breaks down dye in clothing.

Other websites
 Introduction to Optical Microscopy an article about photobleaching

Light
Cell biology
Aérospatiale SA-315 Lama

The Aérospatiale SA-315 Lama is a French helicopter designed and built for operations in mountains. It is used by both civilians and the military. It is a fuselage of Alouette II which was assembled an Alouette III's turboshaft. Many were built in India as Cheetah.

References 

Lama
Indian military aircraft
Helicopters
George H. Hitchings

George Herbert Hitchings (April 18, 1905 – February 27, 1998) was an American doctor. He shared the 1988 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Sir James Black and Gertrude B. Elion for their discoveries of important steps for drug treatment.

1905 births
1998 deaths
American physicians
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine winners
Amazon Standard Identification Number

The Amazon Standard Identification Number (ASIN) is number used by Amazon.com to identify books. When there is a ten-digit ISBN code, the ASIN is usually the same number. The ASIN can be useful to use when a book is old and has no ISBN code.

Books
Amazon (company)
Fuji Television

Fuji Television is a Japanese broadcasting company. It is part of a large media company that also owns the record label and film group Pony Canyon, the newspaper Sankei shinbun, and other TV networks.

Other websites
Fuji TV
Pony Canyon

Television stations
Companies of Japan
Division of Northern Melbourne

The Division of Northern Melbourne was an Australian Electoral Division in the state of Victoria. It was one of the first 75 divisions set up for the first Federal election in 1901. It was located in the inner northern suburbs of Melbourne, including the suburbs of Carlton, North Melbourne and Fitzroy. It was abolished in 1906 when the boundaries were redrawn and mostly replaced by the Division of Batman.

Members

The division was held by one member, H. B. Higgins. Higgins was Attorney General from 1904 to 1905. He was appointed a Justice of the High Court of Australia in 1906. Isaac Selby, who was an unsuccessful candidate in the 1901 election, became famous in 1905 when he tried to shoot a judge during a court case in San Francisco.

References

Northern Melbourne
1901 establishments in Australia
1900s disestablishments in Australia
List of soups

Soups have been made since ancient times. This page lists a selection of well-known soups from the various cuisines around the world. They are sorted by the type of soup.

Some soups are served with large chunks of meat or vegetables left in the liquid; these are categorised below as "chunky". A broth is a flavoured liquid usually made from boiling a meat and bone or vegetable for a period of time in a stock. A common type of broth is consommé. A potage is a category of thick soups, stews or porridges. In some of them, meat and vegetables are boiled together with water until they turn into a thick mush.

Bisques are creamy soups traditionally made with shellfish, but can be made with any type of seafood. The base of cream soups is dairy. Chowders are thick soups usually containing some type of starch. Coulis were originally meat juices, and now are thick purees. Some soups are only ever served cold, and other soups can be served cold as an option.

Related pages 
Soup

Notes

References
 

Soups
Jo-Jo the Dog-Faced Boy

Fedor Jeftichew, better known as Jo-Jo the Dog-Faced Boy (1868 - January 31, 1904) was a Russian sideshow performer. Like his father, Adrien, with whom he performed, Jo-Jo was afflicted with hypertrichosis, an abnormal growth of hair over the face and body. Jo-Jo was covered with long, silky hair and was said to resemble a Skye terrier.

Jo-Jo was born in St Petersburg, Russia in 1868. He began touring Europe in 1873. He was five feet eight inches tall, had only four or five teeth, and spoke Russian, German, and a little English. He dressed like a Russian cavalryman. He would bark at an audience, and would perform as often as 23 times a day. In 1886, he was making US$500 a week.

Jo-Jo toured Europe and Russia, playing in fairgrounds. He was discovered by Charles Reynolds in London, England. Jo-Jo was performing with his father, Adrien, who resembled a poodle. Reynolds realized the Dog-Faced Boy could be presented in a more professional manner. He took the boy to the United States on the City of Chicago on 12 October 1884.

A press conference was called. Journalists were allowed to pull Jeftichew's hair to be assured it was real and not pasted on. The New York Herald described Jeftichew as "the most extraordinary and absorbingly interesting curiosity that has ever reached these shores."

In 1884, Jeftichew signed with P. T. Barnum. Barnum stated (falsely) that Jo-Jo was captured by a hunter in the wilds of central Russia. Barnum advertised him as "the most prodigious paragon of all prodigies secured by P. T. Barnum in fifty years. The Human Skye Terrier, the crowning mystery of nature's contradictions."

He toured Europe with Barnum and Bailey's Greatest Show on Earth in 1901 and 1902. He died in Greece in 1904 while on tour of pneumonia. He was the subject of a song recorded by Annette Funicello in the 1960s and was a character in an episode of the television series, Buffy the Vampire Slayer.

Notes

References
 Bondeson, Jan. 2000. The Two-Headed Boy, and Other Medical Marvels. Cornell University Press. pp. 19–26.
 DeMello, Margo. 2012. Faces Around the World: A Cultural Encyclopedia of the Human Face. ABC-CLIO. p. 176.
 Hartzman, Marc. 2006 (pbk).American Sideshow: An Encyclopedia of History's Most Wondrous and Curiously Strange Performers. Penguin. pp. 51–52. 
 Hornberger, Francine. 2005. Carny Folk: The World's Weirdest Sideshow Acts. Citadel Press. p. 144.
 Nickell, Joe. 2005. Secrets of the Sideshows. University Press of Kentucky. pp. 155–156.

1868 births
1904 deaths
Deaths from pneumonia
People from Saint Petersburg
Russian entertainers
Sideshow performers
Epiphany (holiday)

Epiphany is a Christian holiday or festival on January 6. It celebrates the revelation of the Christ child to the Gentiles, when the Magi or wise men visited Bethlehem to see Jesus, by following a star. It is recorded in the Gospel of Matthew, chapter 2.

Epiphany is included in the Christmas time.

Other websites
Catholic encyclopedia 

Christian holidays
January events
Bangor, New York

Bangor is a town in Franklin County, New York, United States. There were 2,224 people living in Bangor at the 2010 census. The town was founded around 1806. It is named after Bangor in Wales.

Communities and locations in Bangor 
Baconville – A former community in the southwest part of the town.
Bangor – The hamlet of Bangor is in the south part of the town.
Cooks Corners – A hamlet in the north of the town.
North Bangor – A hamlet in the north of the town.
West Bangor – A hamlet west of Bangor village. It was formerly called "Pottersville."

Towns in New York
1806 establishments
1800s establishments in New York (state)
Korpilahti

Korpilahti is a former municipality of Finland. It was merged with Jyväskylä on 1 January 2009.

Former municipalities of Finland
Ranua

Ranua is a municipality in Finland. As of 2013, almost 4,200 people lived there. Neighbouring municipalities are Ii, Simo, Tervola, Rovaniemi, Posio and Pudasjärvi. As of January 2014, there were almost 4,150 people living in Ranua.

Lakes
Simojärvi, Näskäjärvi, Penämönjärvi, Impiönjärvi and Ranuanjärvi. There is also many smaller lakes in the area.

References

Other websites

 Community website 

Municipalities of Lapland (Finland)
1917 establishments in Europe
1910s establishments in Finland
Posio

Posio is a municipality in Finnish Lapland. As of January 2014, about 3,660 people lived there.

The settlements Rovaniemi, Kemijärvi, Ranua, Salla, Kuusamo, Taivalkoski and Pudasjärvi are near to Posio.

Riisitunturi National Park is in Posio.

Other websites

 Community website

Municipalities of Lapland (Finland)
Magi

The Magi were "wise men from the east" who came to Jerusalem during the reign of Herod :  'saying, Where is he that is born King of the Jews?' ( Gospel of Matthew chapter 2 verse 1) Their visit to Jesus, guided by the Star of Bethlehem is celebrated every year at Epiphany on January 6, just after Christmas.
The Epiphany marks the end of the liturgical season 'Christmas'.

Other websites
Magi at Catholic encyclopedia

New Testament people
Tornio

Tornio () is a town in Lapland, Finland. As of January 2014, the municipality had a population of almost 22,400. Neighbouring municipalities are Kemi, Keminmaa, Tervola and Ylitornio. Bordering Tornio in Sweden is Haparanda.

Lot of discusion have been about waste water systems with Haparanda.

References

Other websites

 Community website

Towns in Finland
Municipalities of Lapland (Finland)
Kozienice

Kozienice is a city in Poland. In 2009 its population was 18,075. Through the city swims a river Zagożdżonka.

References 

Cities in Poland
Kemi

Kemi is a town in Finnish Lapland, Finland. As of 2013, the municipality had a population of about 22,150. Neighbouring municipalities are Keminmaa, Simo and Tornio.

Other websites

 Community website

Towns in Finland
Municipalities of Lapland (Finland)
Inari, Finland

Inari is a municipality in Lapland. As of 2013, about 6,730 people lived there. Neighbouring municipalities are Enontekiö, Kittilä, Sodankylä and Utsjoki. The largest urban area in Inari is Ivalo.

Geography
Inari covers more area than any other municipality in Finland. Lake Inari is in Inari. There are also over 8,000 other lakes. That is why the size of the municipality is so large. The River Vaskojoki is located in western Inari. It flows to the lake Paateri.

Population growth

References

Other websites

 Community website

Municipalities of Lapland (Finland)
Pello

Pello is a municipality in Finland. As of 2013, about 3,800 people lived there.

References

Other websites

 Community website

Municipalities of Lapland (Finland)
Enontekiö

Enontekiö is a municipality in Lapland, Finland. As of 2013, about 1,890 people lived there. Neighbouring municipalities are Inari, Kittilä and Muonio.

History
Enontekiö shares a border with Norway and Sweden. The point where the borders of Finland, Norway and Sweden meet is Treriksröset. This is located about 10 km west of Kilpisjärvi village. A monument was built at Treriksröset in 1926. It replaced an earlier monument built of stone in 1897.

Sights
 Saana mountain
 Halti mountain
 Pihtsusköngäs, 17 meters higs waterfall

Population growth

References

Other websites

 Community website

Municipalities of Lapland (Finland)
Pukkila

Pukkila is a municipality in Finland. As of 2013, about 2,040 people lived there. The municipalities next to it are Orimattila, Myrskylä, Askola and Mäntsälä. The municipality of Pukkila was established in 1898.

Some villages

Kantele, Naarkoski, Savijoki (Pukkila), Syvänoja (Pukkila) and Torppi (Pukkila).

Other websites

 Official community website

Municipalities of Uusimaa
1898 establishments in Europe
19th-century establishments in Finland
Kerava

Kerava is a town in Finland. It is in the province of Southern Finland and is part of the Uusimaa. The town has a population of 34,601 (28 February 2013). The municipalities next to it are Vantaa, Tuusula and Sipoo.

Population growth

References

Other websites 

 Homepage

Towns in Finland
Municipalities of Uusimaa
Sound level meter

A sound level meter (or sound meter) is a device used to measure sound pressure levels. It is often used to study and measure different kinds of noise, especially industrial and transport noise. The display indicates sound level in decibel units.

Sound
Measuring tools
2012 Pacific hurricane season

The 2012 Pacific hurricane season was started on 15 May 2012 in the eastern Pacific, and on 1 June 2012 in the central Pacific. It ended on 30 November. These dates are usually the period during which most tropical cyclones form in the northeastern Pacific Ocean. However, Tropical Storm Aletta formed on 14 May.

Hurricane Bud was the first major hurricane of the season. It was one of three storms to turn into a hurricane during the month of May. In the middle of June, Hurricane Carlotta came ashore near Puerto Escondido, Mexico. Seven people were killed by Carlotta and caused damage costing about MX$1.4 billion (US$107.7 million). Hurricane Paul caused major damage to Baja California Sur. Hurricane Emilia was the only Category 4 hurricane. It started as a Tropical Depression near the coast of Mexico. It then intensified into a Category 3 hurricane, and later into a Category 4.

Related pages
List of Pacific hurricane seasons
2012 Atlantic hurricane season

Other websites
 National Hurricane Center Website
 National Hurricane Center's Eastern Pacific Tropical Weather Outlook

Pacific hurricane seasons
Pacific hurricane season
Porvoo

Porvoo () is a town in Uusimaa, Finland. It has a lot of old buildings. Neighbouring municipalities are Askola, Loviisa, Myrskylä, Pornainen and Sipoo.

Population growth

References

Other websites 
 Homepage

Towns in Finland
Municipalities of Uusimaa
Trinity Church, Halmstad

Trinity Church () is a Roman Catholic church in Halmstad in Sweden. It is part of Saint Mary Catholic Parish within the Catholic Diocese of Stockholm.

It was opened on 24 May 1981.

References

Churches in Sweden
Roman Catholic churches
1981 establishments in Europe
1980s establishments in Sweden
Helsingborg Municipality

Helsingborg Municipality () is a municipality in Skåne County in southern Sweden. The seat is in Helsingborg.

References

Other websites
 Helsingborg Municipality

Municipalities of Sweden
Landskrona Municipality

Landskrona Municipality () is a municipality in Skåne County in southern Sweden. The seat is in Landskrona.

References

Other websites

 Landskrona Municipality

Municipalities of Sweden
Åre Municipality

Åre Municipality () is a municipality in Jämtland County in northern Sweden. The seat is in Järpen.

References

Other websites

 Åre Municipality

Municipalities of Sweden
Åre

Åre is a locality in Åre Municipality in the county of Jämtland in northern Sweden. It is a famous ski resort, and hosted the Alpine Skiing World Championships in the years of 1954 and 2007. Alpine skiing world cup competitions are often held here.

References

Other websites

Settlements in Jamtland County
Ski areas and resorts in Sweden
Church of Sweden Abroad

The Church of Sweden Abroad () serves under the Diocese of Visby within the Church of Sweden, and consists of congregations within the church, located outside Sweden.

Other websites

Official website

Church of Sweden
Swedish Evangelical Mission

The Swedish Evangelical Mission (SEM) () ("EFS") is an independent organization within the Church of Sweden. It was established on 7 May 1856.

References

Other websites

Official website

1856 establishments in Europe
Church of Sweden
19th-century establishments in Sweden
Evangelical Free Church in Sweden

The Evangelical Free Church in Sweden (), "EFK", is a Christian Protestant denomination in Sweden. It was established in 1997 as a merger out of Örebro Mission (Örebromissionen, founded in 1892 as Örebro Missionary Society), the Free Baptist Union (Fribaptistsamfundet, founded in 1872) and the Sanctification Union (Helgelseförbundet, founded in 1887).

Other websites
Official website

1997 establishments in Sweden
Baptist churches
Protestantism in Sweden
Dansbandskampen

Dansbandskampen was a Swedish television show. It was created by Peter Settman and his production company Baluba. Peter Settman was also the show host. It was broadcast over Sveriges Television, with season one airing October–December 2008.

The show was a music competition with dansbands.

There were talks of spreading the concept outside Sweden, with a disco/folk music version in Poland and a country music version in the USA.

References

Other websites

Music media
Swedish music
Television
2008 establishments in Europe
2000s establishments in Sweden
Svensktoppen

Svensktoppen is a Swedish music chart on the radio. It was established in 1962. The chart has traditionally been dominated by dansband and schlager music, and lighter pop and rock music. In 2003, it allowed songs performed in English to be included. Since then, the chart became more oriented to modern pop and rock music.

Other websites
 Official website

1962 establishments in Sweden
Record charts
Radio
Swedish music
Vuorenkylä

Vuorenkylä is a village in Hartola, Finland. It is in the northeast of Päijänne Tavastia. There is a mountain, Purnuvuori where people ski.

Other websites
Vuorenkylä webpage 

Municipalities of Finland
Sveriges Radio

Sveriges Radio is the government-operated radio station in Sweden. Regular broadcast began on 1 January 1925.

Main channels
Sveriges Radio P1
Sveriges Radio P2
Sveriges Radio P3
Sveriges Radio P4

Other websites

Sveriges Radio

1925 establishments in Sweden
Entertainment in Sweden
Radio
Sveriges Television

Sveriges Television is the government-operated television station in Sweden. Regular broadcast began on 4 September 1956.

Main channels
SVT 1
SVT 2
Kunskapskanalen
Barnkanalen

Other websites

Sveriges Television

1956 establishments in Sweden
Swedish television
Aftonbladet

Aftonbladet is a newspaper in Sweden. It was started on 6 December 1830 by Lars Johan Hiertha. It was originally liberal, before being bought by the Swedish Social Democratic Party/trade union movement in early October 1956.

References

Other websites

1830 establishments in Europe
Newspapers published in Sweden
Stockholm
Swedish Americans

A Swedish American () is an American person of Swedish descent. They usually come from the great migration from Sweden to the United States in the 19th century. Many of them settled down in Minnesota.

Famous Swedish-Americans
John Ericsson, engineer
Greta Garbo, movie actress
Charles Lindbergh, aviator
Claes Oldenburg, artist

References

Other websites

Ethnic groups in the United States
Expressen

Expressen is a newspaper in Sweden. It was started on 16 November 1944. It is well known for its wasp symbol.

References

Other websites

1944 establishments in Sweden
Newspapers published in Sweden
Stockholm
Allsång på Skansen

Allsång på Skansen is a sing-along event at Skansen in the town of Stockholm in Sweden, which first started on 26 May 1935. Originally broadcast over Sveriges Radio, broadcasts on Sveriges Television began on 3 August 1979.

Other websites

 Official website

1935 establishments in Sweden
Music events
Radio programs
Stockholm
Television programs
Skansen

Skansen is an open air museum and zoo on the island Djurgården in the town of Stockholm in Sweden. It was opened in 1891, on the initiative of Artur Hazelius (1833–1901).

References

Other websites

 

1891 establishments in Sweden
Buildings and structures in Stockholm
Zoos
Open air museums
Djurgården
Gröna Lund

Gröna Lund is an amusement park on the island of Djurgården in the town of Stockholm in Sweden. It was opened in 1883.

References

Other websites

1883 establishments in Europe
Djurgården
1880s establishments in Sweden
Essingeleden

Essingeleden is a motorway in central Sweden. It runs from Solna to Stockholm. It crosses the islands of Kungsholmen, Lilla Essingen and Stora Essingen. It was opened on 21 August 1966.

Other websites

1966 establishments in Sweden
Roads
Stockholm
Transport in Sweden
Bollebygd Municipality

Bollebygd Municipality () is a municipality in Västra Götaland County in southern Sweden. The seat is in Bollebygd. It was broken out of Borås Municipality in 1995.

References

Other websites

 Bollebygd Municipality

1995 establishments in Europe
Municipalities of Sweden
1990s establishments in Sweden
Borås Municipality

Borås Municipality () is a municipality in Västra Götaland County in southern Sweden. The seat is in Borås.

References

Other websites

 Borås Municipality

Municipalities of Sweden
Atlantic Division (NBA)

The Atlantic Division is group in the Eastern Conference of the National Basketball Association, along with the Southeast Division and the Central Division.This division members are the Boston Celtics, Brooklyn Nets, New York Knicks, Philadelphia 76ers, and the Toronto Raptors.

References

National Basketball Association divisions
Nykvarn Municipality

Nykvarn Municipality () is a municipality in Stockholm County in central Sweden. The seat is in Nykvarn.

The municipality was established on 1 January 1999. It was broken out of Södertälje Municipality.

References

Other websites
 Nykvarn Municipality

1999 establishments in Sweden
Municipalities of Sweden
Uppvidinge Municipality

Uppvidinge Municipality () is a municipality in Kronoberg County in southern Sweden. The seat is in Åseda.

References

Other websites
 Uppvidinge Municipality

Municipalities of Sweden
Ystad Municipality

Ystad Municipality () is a municipality in Scania County in southern Sweden. The seat is in Ystad.

References

Other websites
 Ystad Municipality

Municipalities of Sweden
Central Division (NBA)

The Central Division is one of three divisions in the Eastern Conference of the National Basketball Association, along with the Southeast Division and the Atlantic Division. The division consists of the Chicago Bulls, Cleveland Cavaliers, Detroit Pistons, Indiana Pacers, and the Milwaukee Bucks.

References

National Basketball Association divisions
Sandviken Municipality

Sandviken Municipality () is a municipality in Gävleborg County in northern Sweden. The seat is in Sandviken.

References

Other websites
 Sandviken Municipality

Municipalities of Sweden
Ystad

Ystad is a town in the county of Scania in southern Sweden. It is the seat of Ystad Municipality.

Sister cities/towns
 Haugesund, Rogaland, Norway

References

Other websites

Settlements in Skane County
Ljungarum Church

Ljungarum Church () is a church in the town of Jönköping in Sweden. It belongs to Jönköping Christina-Ljungarum Parish of the Church of Sweden. The building dates back to the 13th century.

References

Other websites

Church of Sweden churches
Buildings and structures in Jönköping
Sofia Church, Jönköping

Sofia Church () is a church in the town of Jönköping in Sweden. It belongs to Sofia-Järstorp Parish of the Church of Sweden. It was opened on 8 April 1888. That day was the Octave of Easter.

References

Other websites

Church of Sweden churches
Buildings and structures in Jönköping
Buildings and structures completed in the 19th century
Christina Church

The Christina Church () is a church in eastern parts of the town of Jönköping in Sweden. It belongs to Jönköping Christina-Ljungarum Parish of the Church of Sweden and was opened on 20 April 1673.

References

Other websites

Church of Sweden churches
Buildings and structures in Jönköping
Friends Arena

Friends Arena is a sports stadium in Solna in Sweden. It was opened in 2012, and mainly hosts soccer games.

References

Other websites

Stadiums in Sweden
Football stadiums in Sweden
Stockholm Olympic Stadium

Stockholm Olympic Stadium () is a sports stadium in Stockholm, Sweden. It was opened in 1912, in time for the 1912 Summer Olympics.

Other websites

Stadiums in Sweden
Buildings and structures in Stockholm
Sport in Stockholm
Scandinavium

Scandinavium is an indoor sports stadium in the town of Gothenburg in Sweden. It was opened in on 18 May 1971. The stadium mainly hosts Frölunda HC ice hockey home games.

Other websites

Indoor arenas
Stadiums in Sweden
Ice hockey in Sweden
Sport in Gothenburg
Buildings and structures in Gothenburg
Stockholm Globe Arena

Stockholm Globe Arena () is an indoor sports stadium in Stockholm, Sweden. It was opened on 19 February 1989. It mainly hosts ice hockey games.

References

Other websites

Ice hockey in Sweden
Buildings and structures in Stockholm
Stadiums in Sweden
Råsunda Stadium

Råsunda Stadium () was a soccer stadium in Solna in Sweden. It was opened in April 1937, and closed down in November 2012. Its demolition began in January 2013.

References

Other websites

1937 establishments in Europe
2012 disestablishments in Sweden
Football stadiums in Sweden
1930s establishments in Sweden
Söderstadion

Söderstadion was a soccer and bandy stadium in Stockholm, Sweden. It was opened in 1966. It closed in June 2013, being prepared for demolition.

Other websites

Bandy in Sweden
Stadiums in Sweden
Football stadiums in Sweden
Sport in Stockholm
Buildings and structures in Stockholm
Johanneshovs isstadion

Johanneshovs isstadion is an indoor ice hockey stadium in the town of Stockholm in Sweden. It was opened on 4 November 1955.

Other websites

Buildings and structures in Stockholm
Stadiums in Sweden
Ice hockey in Sweden
Shiloh

Shiloh is a children's book written by Phyllis Reynolds Naylor in 1991. It won the 1992 Newbery Medal. It is about a dog that is given abuse and a boy named Marty P. that tries to save him. he took the dog on day he raised the dog Finley until one night when a German Shepard from the bakers almost kills the dog. Marty kept it a secret that he had the dog. His dad knew the dog owner (Judd) and they took the dog to the doctor's office. The whole family raised it for a week. Judd wanted the dog soon. Marty saw Judd shooting a doe out of season. He tried to blackmail him, but they worked out a bargain that Marty would work for him for 20 hours. Then Marty and the family got the dog and everything went back to normal.

1991 books
Children's books
English-language novels
20th-century American novels
Newbery Medal winning books
Mini-DIN connector

The mini-DIN connectors are a type of electrical connector. They are similar to the older and larger DIN connector.

Electrical connectors
Reed switch

A reed switch is an electrical switch that changes its position via magnetism. It is turned on by bringing a magnet near to the switch. Once the magnet is pulled away from the switch, the reed switch will go back to its original position. If the magnet is an electromagnet, it is a reed relay. The reed switch was invented at Bell Telephone Laboratories in 1936 by W. B. Ellwood.

Electronic switches
Magnetism
Mando Diao

Mando Diao is a rock band from the town of Borlänge in Sweden. The band was started in 1999.

Discography

Albums
2002: Bring 'Em In
2004: Hurricane Bar
2006: Ode to Ochrasy
2007: Never Seen the Light of Day
2009: Give Me Fire!
2012: Infruset
2013: Infruset Guld

Other websites

Official website

1999 establishments in Sweden
Swedish rock music groups
Musical groups established in 1999
Borlänge Municipality

Borlänge Municipality () is a municipality in Dalarna County in central Sweden. The seat is in Borlänge.

References

Other websites

 Borlange Municipality

Municipalities of Sweden
Doomwyte

Doomwyte is a fantasy book written by Brian Jacques in 2008. It is the 20th book in the Redwall series.

Plot
A young mouse named Bisky who lives at Redwall Abbey figures out riddles with his friends to find four beautiful jewels that had been hidden in Redwall a long time ago. But at the same time an evil raven is trying to find the gems too, because they had belonged to his kingdom a long time ago.

Redwall
2008 books
Fantasy books
The Sable Quean

The Sable Quean is a children's fantasy novel. It was written by Brian Jacques in 2010, and it's the twenty-first book in the Redwall series.

Plot summary
The evil Vilaya, who's a sable (that's a kind of animal) queen, wants to take over Redwall Abbey. To do this, she kidnaps children from the Abbey and the area around it, so that if the woodlanders want their kids back, they'll have to give her their abbey.

Luckily, several good guys come to the rescue. But will the good guys and the good Redwallers be able to win against the Sable Quean?

Redwall
2010 books

Fantasy books
Saint Joachim

Saint Joachim was the father of the Virgin Mary and the grandfather of Jesus. Joachim means "Yahweh prepares".

According to tradition, Joachim wanted to pray in the temple but was turned away because of his childlessness.  He went to a mountaintop to pray to God.  An angel appeared to him and his wife, Anna.  The angel told Joachim that the Lord heard their prayers and that Anna was with child.   

It is believed that Anna and Joachim gave Mary to the service of the Temple when she was three years old.

St. Joachim and Saint Anna's feast day is July 26.

Early Christian saints
1st-century BC births
Ranked list of Spanish autonomous communities by area

This is a ranked list by area for Spain's autonomous communities, as well as for the autonomous cities of Ceuta and Melilla.

Related pages
Ranked list of Spanish autonomous communities by population

Autonomous communities of Spain
autonomous communities
Golden Gate (Jerusalem)

The Golden Gate (, ; Arabic: ) is one of the gates of the Old City of Jerusalem. It is in the western side of the walls and the main gate that was connected the Temple Mount to outside the old city. According to the Jewish tradition, the Messiah will come through this gate to the Temple. In the 16th century, the gate was blocked by the Ottoman Sultan and a Muslim cemetery was created to insure that Messiah will never come through this gate. According to the Christian tradition, Jesus came into this gate to Jerusalem.

The Hebrew name for the gate translates to the "Gate of Mercy". In ancient times the gate was known as the "Beautiful Gate".

Other websites 

  Golden Gate at the Temple Mount website

References

Temple Mount
Gates in Jerusalem's Old City Walls
Luhanka

Luhanka () is a municipality in Central Finland, Finland. About 765 people lived there in February 2014. The municipalities located next to Luhanka are Hartola, Joutsa, Jyväskylä, Jämsä, Kuhmoinen and Sysmä. Originally Luhanka was part of Sysmä. Later it was made into its own municipality in 1864. Luhanka is a popular place for summer cottages.

Famouse people
 Composer Toni Edelmann lives in Luhanka.
 Writer Kreetta Onkeli spent her childhood at Luhanka.

Other websites

 Community website

Municipalities of Central Finland
Laukaa

Laukaa () is a municipality in Finland. About 18,573 people live there. Nearby municipalities include Hankasalmi, Jyväskylä, Konnevesi, Toivakka, Uurainen and Äänekoski.

Sources

Other websites

 Community website

Municipalities of Central Finland
Sahara Hotnights

Sahara Hotnights is a female rock band from Robertsfors in Sweden.

Members
Maria Andersson (born 4 December 1981, Umeå, Sweden) – Lead vocals, guitar
Jennie Asplund (born 24 November 1979, Robertsfors, Sweden) – Backing vocals, guitar
Johanna Asplund (born 21 September 1981, Umeå, Sweden) – Backing vocals, bass
Josephine Forsman (born 20 May 1981, Umeå, Sweden) – Drums

Discography

Albums
C'mon Let's Pretend – 1999 (#15)
Jennie Bomb – 2001 Continental Europe / 2002 UK/USA (#2)
Kiss & Tell – 2004 (#4)
What If Leaving Is a Loving Thing - 2007 (#5)
Sparks - 2009 (#2)
Sahara Hotnights - 2011

EP records
Suits Anyone Fine – 1997

References

Other websites

Official website

Swedish rock music groups
Uurainen

Uurainen is a municipality in central Finland. In 2013, about 3,554 people lived there. Nearby municipalities include Jyväskylä, Laukaa, Multia, Petäjävesi, Saarijärvi and Äänekoski.

Other websites

 Community website

Municipalities of Central Finland
Melody Club

The Melody Club is a pop band from the town of Växjö in Sweden. The band was started in 2000, and participated at Melodifestivalen in 2011 with the song "The Hunter".

Discography

Albums

Compilation albums

References

Other websites

Official website

Swedish pop music groups
2000 establishments in Sweden
Takida

Takida is a rock band from Ånge in Sweden. The band was established in the year of 1999.

Discography

Albums
 ...Make You Breathe (2006)
 Bury the Lies (2007)
 The Darker Instinct (2009)
 The Burning Heart (2011)
 A Lesson Learned - The Best Of (2013)

Other websites

Official website

1999 establishments in Sweden
Swedish rock music groups
Nastola

Nastola is a former municipality in Päijänne Tavastia, Finland. It was merged with the city of Lahti on 1 January 2016. In 2013, about 15,107 people lived there. Nearby municipalities include Asikkala, Heinola, Hollola, Iitti, Lahti and Orimattila.

Other websites

 Community website

Former municipalities of Finland
Lahti
Orimattila

Orimattila is a town in Päijänne Tavastia, Finland. As of 2010, about 16,350 people lived there. Nearby municipalities include Hollola, Iitti, Kärkölä, Lahti, Lapinjärvi, Myrskylä, Mäntsälä, Nastola and Pukkila.

The former municipality of Artjärvi was merged with Orimattila in 2011.

Other websites

 Community website

Towns in Finland
Municipalities of Päijänne Tavastia
Hollola

Hollola is a municipality in Päijänne Tavastia, Finland. About 22,092 people lived there in 2013. Nearby municipalities include Asikkala, Hämeenkoski, Kärkölä, Lahti, Nastola and Orimattila. On 1 January 2016, Hämeenkoski is a part of Hollola.

Other websites

 Community website

Municipalities of Päijänne Tavastia
Kärkölä

Kärkölä is a municipality in Päijänne Tavastia, Finland. In 2013, about 4,776 people lived there. Nearby municipalities include Hausjärvi, Hollola, Hämeenkoski, Hämeenlinna, Mäntsälä and Orimattila.

Villages
Järvelä, Hevonoja, Hongisto, Hähkäniemi, Iso-Sattiala, Karvala, Kirkonkylä, Lappila, Maavehmaa, Marttila, Uusikylä and Vähä-Sattiala.

Other websites

 Community website 

Municipalities of Päijänne Tavastia
Hämeenlinna

Hämeenlinna is a town in Finland. As of January 2014, about 67,750 people lived there. Nearby municipalities include Akaa, Asikkala, Hattula, Hausjärvi, Hämeenkoski, Janakkala, Kärkölä, Loppi, Padasjoki, Pälkäne, Tammela, Urjala and Valkeakoski.

The former municipalities of Hauho, Kalvola, Lammi, Renko and Tuulos were merged with Hämeenlinna in 2009.

Other websites

 Community website

Towns in Finland
Municipalities of Kanta-Häme
Padasjoki

Padasjoki is a municipality in Päijänne Tavastia, Finland. About 3,319 people lived there as of 31 May 2013. Nearby municipalities include Asikkala, Hämeenlinna, Kangasala, Kuhmoinen, Pälkäne and Sysmä.

History
People lived in the area of Padasjoki during the Stone Age. There is hill fort around the town.

Other websites

 Community website

Municipalities of Päijänne Tavastia
Kuhmoinen

Kuhmoinen is a municipality in Central Finland. Almost 2,400 people lived there as of January 2014. Nearby municipalities include Jämsä, Kangasala, Luhanka, Orivesi, Padasjoki and Sysmä.

Villages
Harjunsalmi, Harmoinen, Kirkonkylä, Kissakulma, Kylämä, Patavesi, Pihlajakoski, Poikkijärvi, Puukkoinen, Päijälä, Ruolahti amd Sappee.

Sights 
Isojärvi National Park

References

Other websites
 
 

Municipalities of Central Finland
Pori

Pori is a city in Finland. The city had a population of 83,364 as of 31 August 2012. It covers  without sea-areas.

Yyteri, a sand beach, is located at Pori.

Other websites

Website

Cities in Finland
Särkänniemi

Särkänniemi is a theme park in Tampere, Finland. It covers . It opened in 1969.

Other websites

 Website 

Theme parks in Europe
Finnish culture
Tampere
1969 establishments in Europe
20th-century establishments in Finland
Matti Nykänen

Matti Ensio Nykänen (17 July 1963 in Jyväskylä – 4 February 2019 in Lappeenranta) was a Finnish ski jumper and singer. He won five Olympic medals (four gold), nine World Championships medals (five gold) and 22 Finnish Championships medals (13 gold). He won three gold medals at the 1988 Winter Olympics, which made him one of the two most successful athletes at those games.

Nykänen died in the early hours of 4 February 2019 from complications of diabetes, at the age of 55.


Discography

Albums 
 Yllätysten yö (1992)
 Samurai (1993)
 Ehkä otin, ehkä en (2006)

Singles 
 Elämä on laiffii (2002)
 Tää on mun elämää (2004)
 Mäkikotka ja häkkilintu (2005)
 Voitosta voittoon (2007)
 Anna mulle sexii (2008)
 Lennä Nykäsen Matti (2008)
 Pomminvarma rakkaus (2009)
 Jälleen joulu on (2009)
 Tuusula mielessäin (With Teflon Brothers) 2013
 Jokainen tsäänssi on mahdollisuus (2013)
 Suomi (Yksi Totuus feat. Matti Nykänen) (2018)
 Leipää ja vettä (2019)

References

Other websites

Matti Nykänen  at the International Ski Federation.

1963 births
2019 deaths
Deaths from diabetes
1984 Winter Olympics
1988 Winter Olympics
Finnish Olympic silver medalists
Finnish singers
Olympic gold medalists
Heinola

Heinola is a town in Finland. About 19,997 people lived there as of 31 May 2013. Nearby municipalities include Asikkala, Hartola, Iitti, Kouvola, Mäntyharju, Nastola, Pertunmaa and Sysmä. 

The newspaper Itä-Häme is published in Heinola and neighbouring towns.

History
Heinola is founded 1776.

Gallery

Villages
Tuusjärvi, Hirvisalo, Hujansalo, Härkälä, Imjärvi, Komeankylä, Korkee, Lauhjoki, Lusi, Läpiä, Kausa, Marjoniemi, Myllykylä, Onali, Paaso, Paistjärvi, Pääsinniemi, Rihu, Taipale, Vaippilainen (Vaippila), Vierumäki and Jyränkö.

Other websites

 Community website

Towns in Finland
Municipalities of Päijänne Tavastia
Olavi Lanu

Olavi Lanu (10 July 1925 – 11 May 2015) is a Finnish sculptor and professor. One of Lanu's sculptures is in Lanu-puisto, Lahti, Finland. His most famous sculptures are quite big. The surfaces of his sculptures imitate nature.

Works
Iso kivi
Kaari
Kaksi kiveä
Keko
Kiertynyt puu
Läpi harmaan kiven
Lehmus
Rankakasa

Other websites
Olavi Lanu  in Lahti library's pages 

1925 births
2015 deaths
Finnish people
Sculptors
The Well-Tempered Clavier

The Well-Tempered Clavier (also known as WTC, BWV 846–893) is the title of two collections of musical works for solo keyboard instruments by the Baroque composer Johann Sebastian Bach. The first collection was written in 1722 and the second was written in 1742, but they were not published until 1801, fifty years after Bach died. Although the music was written for the harpsichord, which was popular at the time, today it is usually played and heard on a piano.

Both collections have 24 short preludes and 24 fugues to go along with it. All of them contrast with each other: some of them are easy to learn, while others are hard to follow (because there are many different melodies going on at the same time, which is called counterpoint). What is special about them is that each prelude and fugue is written in a different major or minor key. They appear in the book so that they go up by semitones. That is, the first prelude and fugue is in C major, the second is in C minor, the third in C-sharp major (or D-flat major), the fourth in C-sharp minor, and so on, until the last two preludes and fugues are in B major and B minor, in that order.

Other composers would later write music that is also in all 24 major and minor keys. The best known of these are the Preludes by Frédéric Chopin, but this would also later be done by Charles-Valentin Alkan, Sergei Rachmaninoff, and Dmitri Shostakovich, to name a few.

Some of the music that appears in The Well-Tempered Clavier has become famous. For example, the French Romantic composer Charles Gounod wrote a setting of Ave Maria that is based on the melody of the first Prelude in C Major in the WTC.

Other websites
 Well-Tempered Clavier preludes and fugues , fugues  on piano, organ, and harpsichord (Flash interactive)

Compositions by Johann Sebastian Bach
Pottiputki

A pottiputki is a planting tool for putting plants to ground It makes planting faster. The worker strikes the tool into the ground, and then stamps on the mechanism and the pottiputki makes a hole in the ground. A plant is then dropped in the tube of the tool, and falls into the hole.

References

Gardening tools
Ranked list of Spanish autonomous communities by population

This is a ranked list by population, as for 1 January 2012, for Spain's autonomous communities, as well as for the autonomous cities of Ceuta and Melilla.

Related pages
Ranked list of Spanish autonomous communities by area

Reference

Autonomous communities of Spain
autonomous communities
Imperiet

Imperiet was a rock band from Stockholm in Sweden. It was active from 1983 to 1988.

Discography

Albums
1983 - 
1984 -  (Mini-LP)
1985 - 
1985 -  (Live album)
1986 - 
1988 - 
1988 - 
1988 -  (Live album/compilation)
1990 -  (Compilation)
1995 - Greatest Hits (Compilation)
2002 -  (Compilation)
2009 -  (Compilation)

Singles
1981 - "" (as Rymdimperiet)
1982 - "" (as Rymdimperiet)
1983 - "" (as Rymdimperiet)
1983 - ""
1984 - ""
1984 - ""
1985 - ""
1985 - ""
1986 - ""
1986 - ""
1986 - ""
1987 - ""
1987 - ""
1988 - "Be the President"
1988 - ""
1988 - ""

Musical groups disestablished in 1988
1980s Swedish music groups
Musical groups established in 1983
Stockholm
Swedish rock music groups
1983 establishments in Sweden
1980s disestablishments in Sweden
1988 disestablishments in Europe
BWO

BWO was a synthpop group from Sweden. It was established in 2003, and broke up in 2010. Up to 2009, the group was known under the full name Bodies Without Organs.

BWO participated at Melodifestivalen in 2005, 2006, 2008 and 2009.

Discography

Albums
 2005 Prototype
 2006 Halcyon Days
 2006 Halcyon Nights - The Remixes (Dec '06)
 2007 Fabricator
 2008 Pandemonium (Greatest Hits)
 2009 Big Science

Other websites

 Official site 

2003 establishments in Europe
2010 disestablishments in Europe
Swedish pop music groups
Synth-pop
2000s establishments in Sweden
21st-century disestablishments in Sweden
Stiftelsen

Stiftelsen is a rock band from Sweden. The band was established in the year of 2010, and broke through in 2012 with the song "Mitt hjärta slår".

Members
Robert Pettersson (vocals) - lead singer of Takida
Micke Eriksson (guitar) - formerly member of Swedish band Willy & The Hitchhikers
Arne Johansson (bass) - also from Willy & The Hitchhikers
Martin Källström (drums) - formerly from Swedish metal band Corroded

Discography

Albums
 Ljungaverk (2012)

Other websites
Facebook

2010 establishments in Sweden
Swedish rock music groups
Soviet submarine S-363

Soviet submarine S-363 (unofficial Swedish name: U137) was a Soviet submarine that ran aground outside the town of Karlskrona in Sweden on 27 October 1981. On 5 November the same year, it was led out of Swedish territorial waters.

References

Other websites
Story of the incident with photos 

1981 in Europe
1980s in Sweden
Cold War
1980s in the Soviet Union
Folkhemmet

Folkhemmet (literally, People's Home) is a political term in Swedish. It was first used by Rudolf Kjellén in the early 20th century. It was adopted by the Swedish Social Democratic Party in the 1920s. On 18 January 1928, Swedish social democrat Per Albin Hansson delivered a speech including the word. His meaning referred to equality and cooperation. The speech made the term popular.

Nowadays the term may not only refer to Per Albin Hansson's visions but also works as a poetic name for the Swedish welfare state.

Popular culture
Magnus Uggla recorded the album Välkommen till folkhemmet in 1983.

References

20th century in Sweden
Politics of Sweden
Bell 214

The Bell 214 is an American helicopter. It is a more powerful variant of the Bell 205. It was developed for both civilian and military use.  Bell 214ST is a bigger variant. Iran was the main military operator of the Bell 214.

214
Iran
Civil aircraft
Military aircraft
Lockheed MC-130

The Lockheed MC-130 is a US military cargo aircraft. It is a very specialized variant of the famous C-130 Hercules, used exclusively by U.S. special forces. It can fly on low altitude. MC-130 are only used by US Air Force.

The MC-130J, which became operational in 2011, is the new-production variant that is replacing the other special operations MC-130s. As of May 2016, the Air Force has taken delivery of 33 of the planned 37 -J models.

References

United States Air Force aircraft
MC-130
Catalina affair

The Catalina affair () was a military confrontation and diplomatic crisis in June 1952 between the USSR and Sweden. It was during the Cold War. Soviet fighter aeroplanes shot down two Swedish Air Force aeroplanes over the Baltic Sea. Both aircrafts were found in 2003.

References

Other websites

1952 in Europe
1950s in the Soviet Union
1950s in Sweden
Cold War