cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Digital light processing

Digital light processing (DLP) projector is a kind of video projector. It uses small mirrors that reflect light. The mirrors can be moved to either reflect light or not reflect light. The mirrors move very fast. When the mirror reflects light more often, it makes a lighter color. When the mirror reflects light less often, it makes a darker color. DLP projectors can be bright and have a high resolution. This can make the picture look better. DLP projectors can be small so they can be moved more easily. Some DLP projectors are small enough to fit in a smartphone. Big DLP projectors are often used in movie theaters.

Digital Micromirror Devices 
DLP projectors use a digital micromirror device (DMD) to make the picture. A DMD is made of many very small mirrors. The mirrors are in a grid on a semiconductor. Each mirror makes a small part of the picture, called a pixel. The resolution increases when the DMD has more mirrors.

The mirrors can be moved so they reflect light through the lens or reflect light somewhere else. When mirror reflects light through the lens, the pixel is light. When the mirror reflects light somewhere else, the pixel is dark. The mirrors move much faster than a person can see. When the mirror spends more time reflecting light through the lens, the pixel is lighter. When the mirror spends more time reflecting light somewhere else, the pixel is darker.

References 

Display technology
Electronics
Television technology
User interface design

User interface design (UI) or user interface engineering is the design of our machines and software interface such as the interface of your computer, printer, phones, etc. It helps the user interact with the system in order to increase the user experience and enhance efficiency.

Good user interface never draws useless attention and always finish the tasks first. A good format can help the user perform right interactions and a good graphic design can help the user focus on the function in the system. During the design process, we must balance the functions and visual effects to create a stable, adaptable, and functional system for users.

Interface design is applied in many different areas such as computers, to cars, to planes. Even though most of these areas have similar human interactions, we still need special skills to accomplish the design goals. That is why designers are usually specialized in some areas than others in order to make the best efforts out of themselves.

Standards of user interface design have been developed in 1980s for defining the usability of software products.

References 

Computers
Design
Alpha-beta pruning

Alpha-beta pruning is a Search algorithm that tries to remove options that it can take. This algorithm is commonly used for a computer to play two player games, such as chess, go, and checkers. The algorithm stops analyzing a move when it finds another possible move that is proven to be better, and that move will not be analyzed again. This algorithm is a modification of minimax algorithm.

Algorithm 

The algorithm keeps track of two values, Alpha and Beta, and assigns "points" to possible moves where the greater the amount of points a move has, the higher chance that choosing that move will lead to victory. Alpha represents the minimum amount of points the player the algorithm wants to win can have(the maximizing player), while beta is the maximum amount of points the algorithm wants to lose can have(the minimizing player). Alpha and Beta start as negative infinity and infinity respectively. Whenever a move is found such that the  maximizing player's score improves or the minimizing player's score decreases, then Alpha and Beta will be replaced with those new values.

In the best case, the complexity of the algorithm is O() while the worst case is O() where b is the branching factor, that is how much each move splits into future options on average, and d is the depth, as in on average how many possible moves are made into the game.

Searching and sorting algorithms
Kadyrzhan Batyrov

Kadyrzhan Batyrov (; ; 9 March 1956 – 4 December 2018) was a Kyrgyz businessman and politician. He was also head of the University of People's Friendship and a parliamentary deputy. 

He fled from Kyrgyzstan to Ukraine in 2010. Batyrov received a life sentence for his alleged role in ethnic conflicts in southern Kyrgyzstan in summer 2010. 

Batyrov died in his sleeping in Odesa, Ukraine on 4 December 2018 at the age of 62.

References

1956 births
2018 deaths
Kyrgyzstani people
Political activists
Journalists
Civil servants
Business people
Thor Hansen

Thor Harald Hansen (23 June 1947 – 5 December 2018) was a Norwegian professional poker player. He was picked by Larry Flynt to play poker for him after Hansen played against him in Las Vegas in the mid-1990s. He has two WSOP bracelets, one from the 1988 WSOP in Seven-card stud, and then later in Deuce to Seven Lowball in the 2002 WSOP.

He finished in the money four times during the 2006 WSOP, coming in second place in the $3,000 Omaha Hi/Lo event.

He was born in Oslo. Hansen died on 5 December 2018 in Los Angeles, California from cancer at the age of 71.

WSOP Bracelets

References

Norwegian sportspeople
1947 births
2018 deaths
Cancer deaths in Los Angeles
Poker players
William H. McRaven

William Harry McRaven was born on November 6, 1955. he is a former United States Navy officer. He was the ninth commander of the United States Special Operations Command from August 8, 2011, to August 28, 2014. From 2015 to 2018, he was the chancellor of The University of Texas System.

References

Other websites

1955 births
Living people
American military people
People from North Carolina
Pinehurst, North Carolina

Pinehurst is a village in Moore County, North Carolina, United States.  As of the 2010 census, the city population was 13,124. It is home of the historic golf resort, Pinehurst Resort.

References

Villages in the United States
Settlements in North Carolina
Junior Science Talent Search Examination

Junior Science Talent Search Examination (JSTSE) is done each January by the Science Branch of the Directorate Of Education in Delhi. It is for students of some schools in Delhi. Only 150 students out of about 500,000 get the scholarship.

References

Education in India
5G

5G is the fifth generation network of cellular mobile communications, first launched in March of 2019. 5G uses many new technologies that make it faster than 4G. 5G currently can get between 100 Mbit/s and 2 Gbit/s depending on the frequency that is used.  It is eventually meant to replace 4G.

There are three main groups of frequencies used by 5G:

Lowband 5G is a type of 5G that uses low frequencies, just as 4G does. Lowband 5G has long range (meaning you can be far away from a tower or inside a building and still get signal) but slower speeds than other types of 5G. Lowband 5G is only a little bit faster than the LTE version of 4G. Lowband 5G usually has speeds of around 100 Mbit/s.

Midband 5G is a type of 5G that uses frequencies slightly higher than lowband 5G. It has shorter range than lowband 5G, but you can usually still get service indoors using midband 5G. Midband 5G is much faster than LTE. Midband 5G usually has speeds of 600 Mbit/s to 1 Gbit/s.

mmWave 5G is a type of 5G that uses frequencies much higher than lowband and midband. It has very short range. With mmWave, you can't get service inside buildings. Most solid objects can block mmWave. mmWave is much faster than any other type of 5G and can reach speeds of up to 2 Gbit/s currently. mmWave is considered the least practical version of 5G since the range is so short and basically anything can block it.

4G phones do not work on 5G. To use 5G, you need a phone that supports it. Most 5G phones have "5G" at the end of the phone's name.

There are concerns from conspiracy theorists that 5G might cause cancer or COVID-19. Scientists have found these theories to not be true.

References

Telecommunications
Mobile phones
Berkeley, Gloucestershire

Berkeley is a small town and civil parish in Gloucestershire, England. Berkeley is about  west of the River Severn and  east of the M5 motorway.

Berkeley Heath is a village inside of the parish that runs along the A38 and can be accessed from Berkeley by the B4066.

References 

Civil parishes in Gloucestershire
Towns in Gloucestershire
North Slope Borough, Alaska

North Slope Borough is an Alaskan borough bounded on the south by the Brooks Range and located largely in the North Slope region of the U.S. state of Alaska. It is the northernmost formal community on the North American continent. As of the 2010 census, the population was 9,430  and in July 2019 the estimated census was 9,832. The borough seat is Utqiaġvik.

References 

Alaska boroughs
Böckten

Böckten is a municipality of the district of Sissach in the canton of Basel-Landschaft in Switzerland.

References 

Municipalities of Basel-Landschaft
Buus

Buus is a municipality of the district of Sissach in the canton of Basel-Landschaft in Switzerland.

References

Other websites 

 Official website 
 

Municipalities of Basel-Landschaft
Diepflingen

Diepflingen is a municipality of the district of Sissach in the canton of Basel-Landschaft in Switzerland.

References 

Municipalities of Basel-Landschaft
Häfelfingen

Häfelfingen is a municipality of the district of Sissach in the canton of Basel-Landschaft in Switzerland.

References 

Municipalities of Basel-Landschaft
Hemmiken

Hemmiken is a municipality of the district of Sissach in the canton of Basel-Landschaft in Switzerland.

References 

Municipalities of Basel-Landschaft
Brislach

Brislach is a municipality of the district of Laufen in the canton of Basel-Landschaft in Switzerland.

References

Other websites 

 Official website 

Municipalities of Basel-Landschaft
Laufen, Switzerland

Laufen () is a municipality and the capital of the district of Laufen in the canton of Basel-Landschaft in Switzerland.

References

Other websites 

 Official website 

Municipalities of Basel-Landschaft
Cities in Switzerland
Känerkinden

Känerkinden is a municipality of the district of Sissach in the canton of Basel-Landschaft in Switzerland.

References 

Municipalities of Basel-Landschaft
Wintersingen

Wintersingen is a municipality of the district of Sissach in the canton of Basel-Landschaft in Switzerland.

References

Other websites 

 Official website 

Municipalities of Basel-Landschaft
Kilchberg, Basel-Landschaft

Kilchberg is a municipality of the district of Sissach in the canton of Basel-Landschaft in Switzerland.

References 

Municipalities of Basel-Landschaft
Franklin County, Vermont

Franklin County is a county of Vermont in the United States. At the 2010 census, 47,746 people lived there. The county seat is the city of St. Albans. It borders the Canadian province of Quebec. 

Vermont counties
Maisprach

Maisprach is a municipality of the district of Sissach in the canton of Basel-Landschaft in Switzerland.

References

Other websites 

 Official website 

Municipalities of Basel-Landschaft
Coop (Switzerland)

Coop is a Swiss cooperative which operates the second largest supermarket chain in Switzerland after Migros.

Other websites 

 Official website

Supermarkets of Switzerland
Basel
1890 establishments in Europe
19th-century establishments in Switzerland
1969 establishments in Europe
20th-century establishments in Switzerland
Aitkin County, Minnesota

Aitkin County is a county in the U.S. state of Minnesota. As of 2010, 16,202 people lived there. The county seat is Aitkin.

Minnesota counties
Shoucheng Zhang

Shoucheng Zhang (; February 15, 1963 – December 1, 2018) was a Chinese-born American physicist. He was born in Shanghai. He was the JG Jackson and CJ Wood professor of physics at Stanford University. He was a condensed matter theorist known for his work on topological insulators, the quantum Hall effect, the quantum spin Hall effect, spintronics, and high temperature superconductivity.

From 2015 until his death in 2018, Zhang was a member of the National Academy of Sciences.

Zhang, who suffered from depression, was found dead at his Stanford, California home on December 1, 2018, aged 55.

References

Other websites
 Web page at Stanford 
 Group web site at Stanford
 Talk at Google about AI and blockchain

1963 births
2018 deaths
American physicists
Chinese physicists
Naturalized citizens of the United States
Scientists from Shanghai
Scientists from California
Larry Hennig

Larry Hennig (June 18, 1936 – December 6, 2018) was an American professional wrestler. He was born in Minneapolis, Minnesota. Hennig was trained by Verne Gagne. 

Hennig was the father of the late Curt "Mr. Perfect" Hennig, and the grandfather of Joe "Curtis Axel" Hennig and Amy "Ms. Perfect" Hennig. 

Hennig worked in the American Wrestling Association, National Wrestling Alliance, and the World Wide Wrestling Federation. Hennig was known by the nickname, "The Axe", a nickname he had because of his signature, often finishing move of dropping a full weight elbow onto his opponents.

On December 6, 2018, Hennig died in Tallahassee, Florida from kidney failure, aged 82.

References

Other websites
 SLAM! Sports - Larry Hennig one tough guy

1936 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from renal failure
Disease-related deaths in Florida
American professional wrestlers
Sportspeople from Minneapolis, Minnesota
Joseph Joffo

Joseph Joffo (2 April 1931 – 6 December 2018) was a French author. He was born in Paris. Joffo was best known for his memoir Un sac de billes (A Bag of Marbles), which has been translated into eighteen languages since 1973.

His novel Baby-foot, published in 1977, follows on from Un sac de billes and describes his life in Paris following World War II and his discovery of American values.

Joffo died on 6 December 2018 at a hospital in Saint-Laurent-du-Var, Alpes-Maritimes from a short-illness at the age of 87.

References

Other websites
Books by Joseph Joffo

1931 births
2018 deaths
Writers from Paris
Pete Shelley

Pete Shelley (born Peter Campbell McNeish; 17 April 1955 – 6 December 2018) was an English singer-songwriter and rock guitarist. He was born in Leigh, Lancashire, but was raised in Bolton, Manchester. Shelley was best known as the founder and bandleader of Buzzcocks. His best known song was "Homosapien" (1981).

Shelley died on 6 December 2018 from a heart attack at his home in Estonia, aged 63.

Discography

Albums
 Sky Yen (1980) Groovy Records
 Hangahar (1980) Groovy Records
 Homosapien (1981) Genetic-Island/Arista
 XL1 (1983) Island/Arista (UK #42)
 Heaven and the Sea (1986) Mercury
 Cinema Music and Wallpaper Sounds (2016) (Caroline True Records)

Singles
 "Homosapien" (1981) Genetic-Island/Arista (AUS #4) (CAN #6) (US Dance #14)
 "I Don't Know What Love Is" (1981) Genetic-Island/Arista (US Dance #22)
 "Witness the Change" (1981) (US Dance #63)
 "Qu'est-Ce Que C'est Que Ça" (1982)
 "Homosapien" (1982) Genetic-Island/Arista
 "Telephone Operator" (1983) Island/Arista (US Dance #22) (UK #66)
 "Millions Of People (No One Like You)" (1983) (UK #94)
 "Never Again" (1984) Immaculate
 "Waiting For Love" (1986) Mercury
 "On Your Own" (1986) Mercury (US Dance #10)
 "Blue Eyes" (1986) Mercury
 "I Surrender" (1986) Mercury
 "Your Love" (1988)
 "Homosapien. Pete Shelley Vs. Power, Wonder and Love" (1989) Immaculate

References

Other websites
Interview with Pete Shelley

1955 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
English singer-songwriters
English rock guitarists
English rock singers
English pop singers
Musicians from Lancashire
Singers from Lancashire
Writers from Lancashire
Musicians from Manchester
Barbara Brooks Wallace

Barbara Brooks Wallace (December 3, 1922 – November 27, 2018) was an American children's writer. She won the NLAPW Children's Book Award and International Youth Library for Claudia (2001) and William Allen White Children's Book Award for Peppermints in the Parlor (1983).

Wallace won two Edgar Allan Poe Awards from the Mystery Writers of America for The Twin in the Tavern (1994) and Sparrows in the Scullery (1998).

Wallace was born in Suzhou, China. She was raised in San Francisco, California. Wallace studied at the University of California, Los Angeles. Wallace died on November 27, 2018 in Arlington, Virginia from complications of pneumonia at the age of 95.

References

Other websites

National League of American Pen Women, Inc. website 
International Youth Library website 

1922 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from pneumonia
Disease-related deaths in Virginia
American children's writers
Writers from San Francisco
Suzhou

Suzhou (Wu Chinese [sou˥ tseu˨˩ ]) is a major city in southeastern Jiangsu Province of East China. It is about  northwest of Shanghai. 

It is the second largest city in the province, after its capital Nanjing. The city is located on the lower reaches of the Yangtze River and the shores of Lake Tai and belongs to the Yangtze River Delta region. Suzhou is a prefecture-level city with a population of 4.33 million in its city proper, and a total resident population () of 10.58 million in its administrative area.

Its urban population grew at a rate of 6.5% between 2000 and 2014, which is the highest among cities with more than 5 million people.

Education 
 Kedge Business School

References

Cities in China
Orlov diamond

The Orlov (sometimes spelled Orloff) is a large diamond that came from India. It is a part of the Diamond Fund at the Moscow Kremlin. In 1774, it was put into the Imperial Sceptre of Russian Empress Catherine the Great.

Diamonds
Kadiatou Holm Keita

Kadiatou Claudine Holm Keita, (born 6 September 2001), is a Swedish singer. She is a finalist in the Swedish singing competition on TV called Idol 2018. She will compete against another singer called Sebastian Walldén in Globen on 7 December 2018.

Kadiatou took part in Melodifestivalen 2021 with her song "One Touch", but failed to qualify for the final after placing sixth in the first semi-final.

References 

Living people
2001 births
Singers from Stockholm
Foch Hospital

The Foch Hospital is a hospital in the Suresnes, close to Paris. It is one of Europe's largest hospitals. It was created in 1929. It is a partner of the Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines.

References

Further reading 
   Hôpital Foch 

1920s establishments in France
1929 establishments in Europe
Hospitals in France
Île-de-France
Jodha Akbar

Jodha Akbar is an Indian historical fiction drama  on Zee TV.

Cast

Accolades

References

Hindi-language television series
Indian television series
Euler's totient theorem

In number theory, Euler's totient theorem (also known as the Fermat–Euler theorem) states that if n and a are coprime, (meaning that the only number that divides n and a is 1), then the following equivalence relation holds:

 

where  is Euler's totient function.

Euler's theorem is a more refined theorem of Fermat's little theorem, which Pierre de Fermat had published in 1640, a hundred years prior. Fermat's theorem remained unproven until the work of 18th-century Swiss mathematician Leonhard Euler.

References

Theorems in number theory
Kukri

The kukri or khukuri ( khukuri) is a knife which is mostly used by Nepali speaking Gurkhas of India and Nepal. The blade of the knife is curved inward, similar to a machete. It is used as both a tool and as a weapon in South Asia.

The kukri, khukri, and kukkri spellings are of Indian origin. The original Nepali spelling is khukuri.

References

Other websites
 

Nepali culture
Cutting tools
Blades
Rudaw Media Network

Rudaw Media Network (Kurdish: تۆڕی میدیایی ڕووداو), sometimes called Rudaw is a media group in Kurdistan, got Ricardo Ortega Fernández's prize in 6/12/2018.

Criticism
Many international and local sources claim it is mainly used by the Prime Minister Nechirvan Barzani to spread propaganda for the ruling Kurdistan Democratic Party.

References

Other websites 
  

Television stations
Iraq
2008 establishments in Asia
Establishments in Iraq
Nikolai Yezhov

Nikolai Ivanovich Yezhov (May 1, 1895 – February 4, 1940) was the leader of the Soviet secret police called NKVD. He worked for Joseph Stalin from 1936 to 1938, during the Great Purge.

He joined the Bolsheviks in April 1917, a few months before the October Revolution. He was known as a determined loyalist of Joseph Stalin, and in 1935 he wrote a paper in which he argued that political opposition must eventually lead to violence and terrorism; this became in part the ideological basis of the Purges. He became head of the NKVD in early 1937, after the dismissal of Genrikh Yagoda. Under Yezhov, the purges reached their height, with roughly half of the Soviet political and military establishment being exiled or shot, along with hundreds of thousands of others, suspected of disloyalty or wrecking.

Eventually, Stalin dismissed Yezhov from his post in November 1938, demoting him to the post of Commissar of Water Transport; less than a year later, Yezhov was arrested and put on trial for excesses committed during the Purges. In his defence, Yezhov said that he regretted only that he had not punished enough counter-revolutionaries. He was found guilty and probably executed in secret in 1940.

References 

1895 births
1940 deaths
People from Saint Petersburg
Directors of intelligence agencies
Recipients of the Order of Lenin
Police misconduct
Permeance

Permeance is how well matter or energy flows through something. In science, permeance is usually shown as: .

Electromagnetism
Materials science
Physics
Hancock (movie)

Hancock is a 2008 American superhero comedy movie directed by Peter Berg and starring Will Smith, Charlize Theron, and Jason Bateman. It tells the story of a vigilante superhero, John Hancock (Smith) from Los Angeles whose reckless actions routinely cost the city millions of dollars. Eventually one person he saves, Ray Embrey (Bateman), makes it his mission to change Hancock's public image for the better.

Cast 
 Will Smith as John Hancock
 Charlize Theron as Mary Embrey
 Jason Bateman as Ray Embrey
 Eddie Marsan as Kenneth "Red" Parker, Jr.
 Johnny Galecki as Jeremy
 Thomas Lennon as Mike

Release dates 

2008 action movies
2008 comedy movies
American superhero movies
American action movies
American comedy movies
English-language movies
Movies composed by John Powell
Tom C. Clark

Thomas Campbell Clark (September 23, 1899 – June 13, 1977) was an American lawyer. He was the 59th United States Attorney General from 1945 to 1949. He was an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States from 1949 to 1967.

References

Other websites

|-

1899 births
1977 deaths
American Presbyterians
Politicians from Dallas, Texas
Military people from Texas
US Democratic Party politicians
Lawyers from Dallas
United States Attorneys General
United States Supreme Court justices
Anoka County, Minnesota

Anoka County is a county in the U.S. state of Minnesota. As of 2010, 339,534 people lived there. The county seat is Anoka.

Minnesota counties
Becker County, Minnesota

Becker County is a county in the U.S. state of Minnesota. As of 2010, 32,504 people lived there. The county seat is Detroit Lakes.

Minnesota counties
Beltrami County, Minnesota

Beltrami County is a county in the U.S. state of Minnesota. As of 2010, 44,442 people lived there. The county seat is Bemidji.

Minnesota counties
Benton County, Minnesota

Benton County is a county in the U.S. state of Minnesota. As of 2019, ~40,000 people lived there. The county seat is Foley.

References 

Minnesota counties
Big Stone County, Minnesota

Big Stone County is a county in the U.S. state of Minnesota. As of the 2010 census, 5,269 people lived there. The county seat is Ortonville.

References 

Minnesota counties
Ortonville, Minnesota

Ortonville is a city in Big Stone County in the U.S. state of Minnesota at the southern tip of Big Stone Lake, along the border with South Dakota. The population was 1,916 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Big Stone County. Big Stone Lake State Park is nearby.

References 

Cities in Minnesota
County seats in Minnesota
Blue Earth County, Minnesota

Blue Earth County is a county in the U.S. state of Minnesota. As of 2010, 64,013 people lived there. The county seat is Mankato.

Minnesota counties
Brown County, Minnesota

Brown County is a county in the U.S. state of Minnesota. As of 2010, 25,893 people lived there. The county seat is New Ulm.

Minnesota counties
New Ulm, Minnesota

New Ulm is a city in the state of Minnesota in the United States. It is the county seat of Brown County.

Cities in Minnesota
County seats in Minnesota
Carlton County, Minnesota

Carlton County is a county in the U.S. state of Minnesota. As of 2010, 35,386 people lived there. The county seat is Carlton.

Minnesota counties
Läufelfingen

Läufelfingen is a municipality of the district of Sissach in the canton of Basel-Landschaft in Switzerland.

References 

Municipalities of Basel-Landschaft
Coat of arms of Ireland

The coat of arms of Ireland is a gold harp with silver strings on a blue background.

Ireland
Ireland
Carver County, Minnesota

Carver County is a county in the U.S. state of Minnesota. As of 2010, 91,042 people lived there. The county seat is Chaska.

Minnesota counties
Mowgli: Legend of the Jungle

Mowgli: Legend of the Jungle is a 2018 fantasy adventure movie directed by Andy Serkis. It is based on stories collected in All the Mowgli Stories by Rudyard Kipling. The movie stars Rohan Chand, Matthew Rhys, and Freida Pinto with voices and motion capture performances from Christian Bale, Cate Blanchett, Benedict Cumberbatch, Naomie Harris, Tom Hollander, and Serkis with Peter Mullan. 

Originally a Warner Bros. movie, in July 2018, Warner Bros. Pictures sold the rights to Netflix. The movie was released in select theaters on November 29, 2018 and had a digital Netflix release on December 7, 2018. It received mixed reviews from critics.

References

2018 movies
Movies based on books
Fantasy movies
Jungle movies
British adventure movies
Warner Bros. movies
Netflix movies
Freida Pinto

Freida Selena Pinto (born 18 October 1984) is an Indian actress. She was born in Mumbai. Pinto appeared in British and American movies. She starred in the 2008 movie Slumdog Millionaire. In 2011, Pinto starred in science fiction movie Rise of the Planet of the Apes.

Before becoming an actress, Pinto was a model and television presenter.

References

Other websites

 

1984 births
Living people
Indian movie actors
Indian television actors
Television presenters
Indian models
Indian voice actors
Actors from Mumbai
Peter Mullan

Peter Mullan (; born 2 November 1959) is a Scottish actor and director. He is best known for his role in Ken Loach's My Name Is Joe (1998) and The Claim (2000). 

Mullan appeared in cult classics such as Riff-Raff (1991), Braveheart (1995), Trainspotting (1996), Young Adam (2003), Children of Men (2006), War Horse (2011) and the Harry Potter series (2010–11).

References

Other websites

1959 births
Living people
Scottish movie actors
Scottish television actors
Scottish stage actors
Scottish voice actors
Movie directors
To All the Boys I've Loved Before (movie)

To All the Boys I've Loved Before is a 2018 American teen romance movie directed by Susan Johnson. It stars  Lana Condor, Noah Centineo, Janel Parrish, Anna Cathcart, Madeleine Arthur, Emilija Baranac, Israel Broussard and John Corbett. It is based on Jenny Han's 2014 novel of the same name. It was released by Netflix on August 17, 2018.

In November 2018, it was reported that Netflix and Paramount's Awesomeness Films were in discussions to produce a sequel to the movie.

References

2018 movies
American romance movies
Movies based on books
Netflix movies
Gerald's Game (movie)

Gerald's Game is a 2017 American psychological horror movie directed and edited by Mike Flanagan and written by Jeff Howard and Flanagan. It is based on Stephen King's 1992 novel of the same name. The movie stars Carla Gugino and Bruce Greenwood.

It was released on September 29, 2017, by Netflix.

References

2017 horror movies
Movies based on books by Stephen King
American horror movies
Netflix movies
2010s feminist movies
The Christmas Chronicles

The Christmas Chronicles is a 2018 American Christmas comedy movie directed by Clay Kaytis. The movie stars Kurt Russell, Judah Lewis, and Darby Camp. It is about a brother and sister who, after accidentally crashing Santa Claus' sleigh, must save Christmas. The movie was released on November 22, 2018, by Netflix.

It was filmed and set in Chicago, Illinois.

References

2018 comedy movies
American comedy movies
Christmas movies
Movies shot in Chicago, Illinois
Movies set in Chicago, Illinois
Netflix movies
Movies set in 2018
The Princess Switch

The Princess Switch is a 2018 American Christmas romantic comedy movie directed by Mike Rohl from a screenplay by Robin Bernheim and Megan Metzger. The movie stars Vanessa Hudgens, Sam Palladio and Nick Sagar.

It was released on November 16, 2018, by Netflix. A sequel was released in 2020.

Plot
One week before Christmas, a duchess switches places with an ordinary woman from Chicago, who looks exactly like her, and they each fall in love with each other's beaus.

Cast 
 Vanessa Hudgens as Margaret Delacourt, Duchess of Montenaro/Stacy DeNovo
 Sam Palladio as Prince Edward
 Nick Sagar as Kevin Richards
 Mark Fleischmann as Frank De Luca
 Suanne Braun as Mrs. Donatelli
 Alexa Adeosun as Olivia Richards
 Sara Stewart as Queen Caroline
 Pavel Douglas as King George
 Amy Griffiths as Brianna Michaels
 Robin Soans as Kindly Old Man

References

Other websites
 

2018 comedy movies
2010s romantic comedy movies
American romantic comedy movies
Movies set in Chicago, Illinois
Christmas movies
Netflix movies
Chordoma

Chordoma is a slow growing, very rare kind of cancerous tumor.

Cancer
Diseases and disorders
José Castillo (infielder)

José Castillo Rondón (; March 19, 1981 – December 6, 2018) was a Venezuelan professional baseball infielder. He played for the Pittsburgh Pirates, San Francisco Giants, and Houston Astros of Major League Baseball (MLB) and the Chiba Lotte Marines and Yokohama BayStars of Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB). He was born in Las Mercedes, Guárico, Venezuela.

Castillo and Luis Valbuena were killed in a car crash on December 6, 2018 in Yaracuy, Venezuela, aged 37.

References

1981 births
2018 deaths
Road accident deaths
Venezuelan sportspeople
Pittsburgh Pirates players
San Francisco Giants players
Houston Astros players
Luis Valbuena

Luis Adan Valbuena (November 30, 1985 – December 6, 2018) was a Venezuelan professional baseball infielder. He played eleven seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Seattle Mariners, Cleveland Indians, Chicago Cubs, Houston Astros and Los Angeles Angels. He was born in Zulia, Venezuela.

Valbuena and José Castillo were killed in a car crash on December 6, 2018 in Yaracuy, Venezuela, aged 33.

References

1985 births
2018 deaths
Road accident deaths
Venezuelan sportspeople
Seattle Mariners players
Cleveland Indians players
Chicago Cubs players
Houston Astros players
Los Angeles Angels players
Shmuel Flatto-Sharon

Shmuel "Samy" Flatto-Sharon (18 January 1930 – 7 December 2018) was an Israeli businessman, radio talk-show host and politician. He was born in Łódź, Poland, and fled to France after the beginning of the war. In 1972-he moved to Israel. He was a member of the Knesset between 1977 and 1981. Flatto-Sharon was a member of the Development and Peace Party.

Flatto-Sharon died in Ramat Gan, Israel from a heart attack, aged 88.

References

Other websites

1930 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Former Members of Knesset
French businesspeople
French Jews
Israeli businesspeople
Jewish businesspeople
Jewish Israeli politicians
Naturalized citizens of Israel
People from Łódź
Polish Jews
French radio personalities
Håkan Jeppsson

Håkan Lennart Jeppsson (6 May 1961 – 7 December 2018) was a Swedish businessman. He was the Chairman of the Swedish Association football club Malmö FF from 2010 until his death in 2018. Jeppsson studied at Lund University. He was born in Malmö, Sweden.

Jeppsson died on 7 December 2018 at the age of 57.

References

1961 births
2018 deaths
Swedish businesspeople
Swedish sportspeople
People from Malmo
Stone City

Stone City is a wall in Gulou District, Nanjing, China. Stone City was built in 333 to protect the city inside and its Chinese name is "ShiTouCheng". It now opens all day.

Nanjing
Huawei

Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. (/ˈhwɑːˌweɪ/; Chinese: 华为; ) is a Chinese multinational telecommunications equipment and consumer electronics company based in Shenzhen, Guangdong, South China.  It was founded by founded by Ren Zhengfei in 1987.

The name Huawei may be translated as "splendid act" or "China is able"; Hua can mean "splendid" or "China", while wei can mean "action" or "achievement".

Huawei has had a lot of problems in some countries. They have mainly had problems with the United States government. The US government said that the Chinese government could use Huawei's 5G technology to spy on people. Because of this, the US government does not want other countries to use technology by Huawei or ZTE. In May 2019, the US government put Huawei on a blacklist. This meant that Huawei could not do business with American companies.

References

Other websites 
 
 

Telecommunications
Electronics companies of China
Mobile phone companies
1980s establishments in China
1987 establishments in Asia
Provinces of Nepal

The Provinces of Nepal ( Nepalka Pradeshaharu) were formed on 20 September 2015. They were formed according to Schedule 4 of the Constitution of Nepal. The seven provinces were formed by making the group of districts. The current system of seven provinces replaced an earlier system. In the earlier system, Nepal was divided into 14 Administrative Zones and the zones were grouped into five Development Regions.

List of Provinces

References

Subdivisions of Nepal
Halabja

Halabja (Kurdish: Helebce, هەڵەبجە) is a city in Iraqi Kurdistan, the capital of the Halabja Governorate. It is  northeast of Baghdad.

Poison gas attack
The city is known for an incident in the final phase of the Iran-Iraq War. The Kurdish peshmerga guerrillas, supported by Iran, took control of the city. On March 16, 1988, after two days of ordinary artillery attacks, Iraqi Air Force planes dropped gas canisters on the town. The town and surrounding district were attacked with bombs, artillery fire and chemical weapons, the last of which proved most damaging. At least 5,000 people died as an immediate result of the chemical attack. It is estimated that a further 7,000 people were injured or suffered long-term illness. Most of the victims of the attack on the town of Halabja were Kurdish civilians.

The attack is believed to have included the nerve agents Tabun, Sarin and VX, as well as mustard gas. Another possibility, according to the former senior CIA analyst Stephen C. Pelletiere, is that Iraq did not have the nerve agent to use in the attack but did have mustard gas which had been used in the Iran–Iraq War. It is occasionally suggested that cyanide was also included among these chemical weapons, though this assertion has been cast into doubt, as cyanide is a natural byproduct of impure Tabun. The attack on Halabja took place amidst the Anfal campaign, in which Saddam Hussein powerfully suppressed Kurdish revolts during the Iran–Iraq War.

Before the war ended, Iraqi forces moved in on the ground and completely destroyed the town. In March 2010, the Iraqi High Criminal Court recognized the Halabja massacre as genocide. This decision was welcomed by the Kurdistan Regional Government.

References

Cities in Iraq
Kurdistan
Sejm

The Sejm of the Republic of Poland (; ) is the lower house of the Polish parliament. It is made up of 460 deputies elected by universal ballot and is presided over by a speaker called the "Marshal of the Sejm of the Republic of Poland".

Since the Second Polish Republic (1918–1939), "Sejm" has been called only to the lower house of the parliament; the upper house is called the Senat Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej ("Senate of the Republic of Poland").

References

Politics of Poland
Jolanta Szczypińska

Jolanta Irena Szczypińska (24 June 1957 – 8 December 2018) was a Polish politician. She was born in Słupsk, Poland. Szczypińska was a member of the Sejm from 2005 until her death in 2018.

Before entering politics, she was a nurse. She became known for suing airliner company Ryanair in 2007 as they created rumors that she was in a relationship with Prime Minister Jarosław Kaczyński.

Szczypińska died on 8 December 2018 in Warsaw from a urinary tract infection at the age of 61.

References

Other websites
 Jolanta Szczypińska - parliamentary page  - includes declarations of interest, voting record, and transcripts of speeches.
Home page

1957 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from urinary tract infection
Polish politicians
Prime Minister of Poland

The President of the Council of Ministers (Polish: Prezes Rady Ministrów) is the leader of the cabinet and the head of government of Poland. The responsibilities and traditions of the office are seen through the Constitution of 1997. 

The President of Poland nominates and appoints the prime minister, who will then makes up the cabinet. Fourteen days following his or her appointment, the prime minister must submit a programme outlining the government's agenda to the Sejm, requiring a vote of confidence. 

The current and seventeenth Prime Minister is Mateusz Morawiecki of the Law and Justice party. Morawiecki replaced incumbent premier Beata Szydło, who resigned on 7 December 2017.

List of prime ministers

References

Lists of prime ministers
Jan Krzysztof Bielecki

Jan Krzysztof Bielecki  (born 3 May 1951) is a Polish liberal politician and economist. He was Prime Minister of Poland for most of 1991.

Bielecki was president of Bank Pekao between 2003 and 2010 and president of the Polish Institute of International Affairs between 2009 and 2015.

References

1951 births
Living people
Prime Ministers of Poland
Polish economists
Waldemar Pawlak

Waldemar Pawlak  (born 5 September 1959) is a Polish politician. He twice was Prime Minister of Poland, briefly in 1992 and again from 1993 to 1995. From November 2007 to November 2012 he was Deputy Prime Minister and the Minister of Economy. Pawlak is the only person who held the office of Prime Minister twice.

References

Other websites
Waldemar Pawlak's blog 

1959 births
Living people
Prime Ministers of Poland
Hanna Suchocka

Hanna Suchocka  (born 3 April 1946) is a Polish politician and lawyer. She was a professor at Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań and Chair of the Constitutional Law Department. 

She was the Prime Minister of Poland between 8 July 1992 and 26 October 1993 under the presidency of Lech Wałęsa. She is the first  woman to hold this post in Poland.

References

1946 births
Living people
Polish educators
Polish lawyers
Prime Ministers of Poland
Women lawyers
Women politicians
Włodzimierz Cimoszewicz

Włodzimierz Cimoszewicz (, born 13 September 1950) is a Polish politician. He was born in Warsaw, Poland. From 1996 to 1997, he was the 8th Prime Minister of Poland.

References

1950 births
Living people
Prime Ministers of Poland
Marshals of the Sejm
Leszek Miller

Leszek Cezary Miller (Polish pronunciation: ; born 3 July 1946) is a Polish politician. He was Prime Minister of Poland from 2001 to 2004. He was leader of the Democratic Left Alliance to 2016.

References

1946 births
Living people
Prime Ministers of Poland
Marek Belka

Marek Marian Belka (; born 9 January 1952) is a Polish politician. He is a former Prime Minister and Finance Minister of Poland. He is a former Director of the International Monetary Fund's (IMF) European Department and former Head of Narodowy Bank Polski (National Bank of Poland).

References

1952 births
Living people
Prime Ministers of Poland
People from Łódź
Kazimierz Marcinkiewicz

Kazimierz Marcinkiewicz () (born 20 December 1959) is a Polish conservative politician. He was Prime Minister of Poland from 31 October 2005 to 14 July 2006. He was a member of the Law and Justice party (Prawo i Sprawiedliwość, PiS).

References

1959 births
Living people
Prime Ministers of Poland
Mayors of Warsaw
José de Anchieta Júnior

José de Anchieta Júnior (11 March 1965 – 6 December 2018) was a Brazilian politician. He was born in Jaguaribe, Ceará. Anchieta Júnior was a member of the Brazilian Social Democracy Party (PSDB). He was the Governor of the northern Brazilian state of Roraima from December 2007 to April 2014.

Anchieta Júnior died of a heart attack on 6 December 2018 in Boa Vista, Roraima, aged 53.

References

1965 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Brazilian politicians
Paul Reinecke

Paul Heinrich Adalbert Reinecke (September 25, 1872 – May 12, 1958) was a German prehistorian and archaeologist.

Life and work
Reinecke was born in Berlin. He studied medicine and science under Rudolf Virchow (1821–1903). Interested in prehistory, he also attended classes with the anthropologist Johannes Ranke (1836-1916) and the archaeologist Adolf Furtwängler (1853-1907). During his studies, in 1893, Reinecke led an extensive study trip through Austria and Hungary.

After graduating in 1897, he worked until 1908 at the Romano-Germanic Central Museum (Mainz), and later at the Bavarian State Office for Monument Protection (Die Kunstdenkmäler von Bayern).

Until his death in 1958, he worked on almost all periods of European prehistory and early history, in particular on the chronology of the European Bronze Age and Iron Age. The names Michelsberg culture (1908) and the Altheim culture (1915) as well as the periodization of the Hallstatt culture go back to him. Particularly important are his contributions in Volume V of the "Antiquities of our pagan past" (Alterthümer unserer heidnischen Vorzeit), where he developed, a chronology system, based on an historical analysis of stylistic features and on typological characteristics, that has essentially retained its validity to this day. Reinecke died in Herrsching, Bavaria.

Awards
1942: Goethe Medal for Art and Science
1953: Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany (Großes Verdienstkreuz der Bundesrepublik Deutschland).

1872 births
1958 deaths
Scientists from Berlin
German archaeologists
Oltingen

Oltingen is a municipality of the district of Sissach in the canton of Basel-Landschaft in Switzerland.

References 

Municipalities of Basel-Landschaft
Lyudmila Alexeyeva

Lyudmila Mikhaylovna Alexeyeva (, , 20 July 1927 — 8 December 2018) was a Russian historian and leading human rights activist. She was a founding member of the Moscow Helsinki Watch Group. Alexeyeva was one of the last Soviet dissidents active in modern Russia. She participated in the Strategy-31 protests. She was born in Yevpatoria, Crimea, Soviet Union.

Alexeyeva died on 8 December 2018 in Moscow at the age of 91.

References

Other websites

 Lyudmila Alexeyeva's blog on LiveJournal
 The Alexeyeva File, National Security Archive Electronic Briefing Book, 20 July 2012
 

1927 births
2018 deaths
Russian writers
Russian historians
Human rights activists
Ormalingen

Ormalingen is a municipality of the district of Sissach, in the canton of Basel-Landschaft in Switzerland.

References 

Municipalities of Basel-Landschaft
Coat of arms of Ukraine

The coat of arms of Ukraine ( Derzhavnyi Herb Ukraiyny) is the national coat of arms of Ukraine, featuring the same colors found on the Ukrainian flag. It has a blue shield with a gold trident.

Ukraine
Ukraine
Nick Ayers

James Nicholas "Nick" Ayers (born August 16, 1982) is an American political strategist. He is the Chief of Staff to Vice President Mike Pence since July 2017.

Ayers was the national chairman for Mike Pence's vice-presidential campaign in 2016, and as the former executive director of the Republican Governors Association from 2007 to 2010. He also was principal of C5 Creative Consulting,

From November 2016 to January 2017, Ayers was a senior adviser to President-elect Donald Trump's transition team.

Many believed that President Donald Trump would hire Ayers as John F. Kelly's replacement as White House Chief of Staff. On December 9, 2018, Ayers turned down the offer.

References

1982 births
Living people
American political commentators
Businesspeople from Georgia (U.S. state)
Politicians from Georgia (U.S. state)
US Republican Party politicians
Danay García

Danay García (born 5 July 1984) is an Cuban-born American actress. She was born in Havana, Cuba. She is known for her roles as Sofía Lugo on Fox's drama series Prison Break and Luciana Galvez on AMC's horror drama series Fear the Walking Dead.

References

Other websites

1984 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
Cuban actors
People from Havana
Coat of arms of Cyprus

The coat of arms of Cyprus show a dove and an olive branch (a well-known symbol of peace) over “1960”, the year of Cypriot independence from British rule. Northern Cyprus uses a separate coat of arms and “1983” is used for when it gained independence but its recognised by Turkey.

Cyprus
Republic of Cyprus
Cass County, Minnesota

Cass County is a county in the U.S. state of Minnesota. As of 2010, 28,567 people lived there. The county seat is Walker.

Minnesota counties
Chippewa County, Minnesota

Chippewa County is a county in the U.S. state of Minnesota. As of 2010, 12,441 people lived there. The county seat is Montevideo.

Minnesota counties
Montevideo, Minnesota

Montevideo is a city in the state of Minnesota in the United States. It is the county seat of Chippewa County.

Cities in Minnesota
County seats in Minnesota
Chisago County, Minnesota

Chisago County is a county in the U.S. state of Minnesota. As of 2010,  53,887 people lived there. The county seat is Center City.

Minnesota counties
Clay County, Minnesota

Clay County is a county in the U.S. state of Minnesota. As of the 2010 census, 58,999 people lived there. The county seat is Moorhead.

References 

19th-century establishments in Minnesota
1872 establishments in the United States
Minnesota counties
Coat of arms of Lithuania

The coat of arms of Lithuania consists of a man wearing armour, holding a sword and shield, and riding a horse in front of a red background. It is also known as Vytis.

Lithuania
Lithuania
Rickenbach, Basel-Landschaft

Rickenbach is a municipality of the district of Sissach in the canton of Basel-Landschaft in Switzerland.

References

Other websites 

 Official website 

Municipalities of Basel-Landschaft
Rünenberg

Rünenberg is a municipality of the district of Sissach in the canton of Basel-Landschaft in Switzerland.

References

Other websites 

 Official website 

Municipalities of Basel-Landschaft
Delicate (Taylor Swift song)

"Delicate" is a song recorded by American recording artist Taylor Swift.   It was released on March 12, 2018, as the fourth single from Swift's sixth studio album, Reputation.  The song reached the top twenty in the US and Canada.

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

References 

2018 songs
Taylor Swift songs
Pop songs
Strawberry, Arkansas

Strawberry is a town in the US state of Arkansas.

Towns in Arkansas
Minturn, Arkansas

Minturn is a town in the US state of Arkansas.

Towns in Arkansas
Zunzgen

Zunzgen is a municipality of the district of Sissach in the canton of Basel-Landschaft in Switzerland.

References 

Municipalities of Basel-Landschaft
2018 Boracay closure

The island of Boracay, a tourist attraction in the Philippines, was closed (the closure) for six months after April 26, 2018 because of pollution in the island that needed to be cleaned up. When it happened, Boracay was closed and only people living in it were allowed on the island.

Cause
The cause of the island being closed was because of algal blooms on the island's famous beaches. Other causes were harmful waste products. On February 9, 2018, Rodrigo Duterte, the president of the Philippines, called the island a "cesspool".

Effect
400 restaurants and hotels had to close for violating the laws that were set in place. 3 casinos were also closed. Buildings less than 30 meters away from the beaches were destroyed.

References

2018 in Asia
South Nahanni River

The South Nahanni River is a river in the Northwest Territories of Canada. It is 540 kilometers long.

References

Rivers of Canada
Northwest Territories