cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Batman: The Animated Series

Batman: The Animated Series was an Emmy Award-winning television series that ran from 1992 through 1995. The series was about the daily life and the crimes Batman faced in Gotham City. The voice casts includes Kevin Conroy, Efrem Zimbalist, Jr., Bob Hastings, Mark Hamill, Adrienne Barbeau, Roddy McDowall, Brock Peters, Adam West, Michael Ansara, John Glover, Henry Polic II, Lloyd Bochner, Henry Silva, and Paul Williams. The series won four Emmy Awards and was nominated for nine.

Other websites

 Official website
 The Adventures of Batman & Robin at Fox Kids (Archive)
 Batman: The Animated Series at The World's Finest
 Batman: The Animated Series at Legions of Gotham
 
 Batman: The Animated Series  at Big Cartoon DataBase

Batman
1990s American animated television series
Emmy Award winning programs
DC Animated Universe
Superhero television shows
English-language television programs
Pavel Datsyuk

Pavel Datsyuk was born 20 July, 1978. The city where he was born is named Yekaterinburg in Russia. He was a professional ice hockey player and played for SKA Saint Petersburg. He used to play in the NHL for the Detroit Red Wings.

Family

His mother died when he was 12 years old. In the middle of the 1990s, he started to play for the farm team of Dynamo Yekaterinburg. There he was noticed by the new trainer of the team, Vladimir Krikunov. He saw the talent of the young Datsyuk on the soccer field. He noticed his anticipation, vision and intelligence were certainly over the average of the team. It took a long time before Pavel was contacted by an NHL scout, because he was too small. He was only 1,73m and 66 kg when he began his professional career. He was not supposed to be drafted in the NHL, but the scout of the Detroit Red Wings came to watch the defenseman Dimitiri Kilimine and he was impressed by this little sized player.

National Hockey League career

Pavel Datsyuk was drafted in 1998 by the Detroit Red Wings, 171st overall. He began to play in the NHL in 2001-2002; he played 70 games and scored 11 goals. One year later, a new prospect joined the team, Henrik Zetterberg. They played together with the veteran, Brett Hull. Since that season, Henrik and Pavel are still playing with each other. Pavel is a center and one of the best two way player of the NHL. In a survey made by the journalist, 247 hockey players, consider Pavel as the most difficult player to take the puck off during a game. He won many trophies in the league. Four years in a row he won the Lady Byng Memorial Trophy.  The most productive years of Pavel Datsyuk were in 2008-2009, where he collected 97 points for 32 goals and 65 assists.

References

Other websites 
 Pavel Datsyuk Biography, IMDb

1978 births
Detroit Red Wings players
Lady Byng Memorial Trophy winners
Living people
Russian ice hockey players
Stanley Cup champions
Ice hockey centres
Alison Eastwood

Alison Eastwood (May 22, 1972 in California) is an American actress. She is the daughter of Clint Eastwood. Her first movie role was with her father in Tightrope (1984). She also directs movies, the first being Rails & Ties in 2007.

References

American movie actors
Actors from Monterey County, California
1972 births
Living people
Alison Sweeney

Alison Sweeney (born September 19, 1976 in Los Angeles) is an American actress. She stars mostly on television programs. She has acted as Samantha Brady on the soap Days of Our Lives. She also does reality television programs.

References

American television actors
Actors from Los Angeles
1976 births
Living people
Alberto Falcone

Alberto Falcone is a fictional Batman character who is also known as the Holiday Killer. He is the son of Gotham Mafia leader Carmine Falcone. He is also a mobster, but does not have control over his dad's crime organization. It was once thought that Joseph Gordon-Levitt was to play him, but ended up playing John Blake.

Batman characters
DC Comics characters
Gérard Depardieu

Gérard Xavier Marcel Depardieu (born 27 December 1948) is a French actor, movie producer and director. He was born in Chateauroux, Indre. He is one of the most prolific actors in film history, having completed approximately 170 movies since 1967.

He  won the César Award for Best Actor for his performances in The Last Metro (1980). He received the Venice Film Festival Award for Best Actor in Police (1985). For Cyrano de Bergerac (1990) he won the Cannes Film Festival for Best Actor, his second César Award and his first Academy Award nomination for Best Actor. Depardieu won a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor for his role in Green Card.

He lives in Belgium. In 2013 he was granted Russian citizenship.

References

Other websites 

French movie actors
French movie directors
French movie producers
French television actors
Golden Globe Award winning actors
Russian movie actors
Russian movie directors
Television producers
1948 births
Living people
Black Mask

Black Mask is the name of two fictional Batman villains who have a black skull and a black suit who in some cases is a crime boss leader. The first Black Mask was Roman Sionis who hated masks, but he wore toxic make-up that made him to have the black skull. The second Black Mask was Jeremiah Arkham, the boss of Arkham Asylum, so after the death of the first Black Mask he wanted to continue his legacy, so he became the second Black Mask.

In Batman Returns, Christopher Walken's character Max Shreck was burned and the corpse had a look alike to Black Mask. He was portrayed by Ewan McGregor in the 2020 movie Birds of Prey.

Batman characters
DC Comics characters
Jeremiah Arkham

Jeremiah Arkham is a fictional Batman character who was the head doctor and manager of Arkham Asylum where all of Gotham City's criminals and killers are held up. He later becomes the second Black Mask after the first one was killed by Catwoman.

Batman characters
DC Comics characters
Killer Moth

Killer Moth (Cameron van Cleer) is a fictional Batman character who appears in comic books by DC Comics. He has the ability to fly because he wears a striped purple and green spandex, orange cape and a moth-like mask. He is sometimes confused with Firefly. The character has appeared in tv shows, movies, and video games too. He was once a Gotham prisoner Cameron van Cleer.

Batman characters
DC Comics characters
Jason Todd

Jason Todd is a fictional Batman character who was the second Robin when the first left. Todd was founded by Batman when he tried to steal some parts from the Batmobile. Batman later trained him to become the second Robin. He was later killed by The Joker when he beat him-up and then blew him up with a time bomb. He later returned as the Red Hood.

Other websites

 Jason Todd  at Titans Tower
 Red Hood (Jason Todd) at the DC Database Project

Batman characters
DC Comics characters
Hush (comics)

Hush (Dr. Thomas Elliot) is a fictional Batman character who is an identity thief and is also a friend of Bruce Wayne. His parents were in a car crash that he planed, but his mother lived from an operation from Thomas Wayne which made him angry.

References

Batman characters
DC Comics characters
Fictional characters introduced in 2003
Jimmy Olsen

Jimmy Olsen is a fictional Superman character who works for the Daily Planet with Clark Kent and Lois Lane. His boss is Perry White. He thinks that Clark Kent and Lois Lane are his "heroes". He becomes The Nail in a comic book theme.

References

DC Comics characters
Superman

sv:Lista över figurer i Stålmannens universum#Jimmy Olsen
Jonathan and Martha Kent

Jonathan and Martha Kent are fictional Superman characters who were the adopted parents when they found the baby Superman in the field. They cared for "Clark Kent" until he became an adult. The Kents died from a rare tropical disease with Martha dying first. Before he died, Jonathan told the Clark should use his powers for good in earth. In other cases, Jonathan dies and Martha is still alive.

Glenn Ford and Phyllis Thaxter play Jonathan and Martha in Superman and by Kevin Costner and Diane Lane in Man of Steel.

References

Other websites
 Supermanica: Jonathan and Martha Kent

DC Comics characters
Superman
Martha Wayne

Martha (née Kane) Wayne was a fictional Batman character who was the mother of Bruce Wayne. She was the wife of Thomas Wayne. After her and her husband were killed, her only son, Bruce becomes Batman because of their killing. She was created by Bill Finger.

Lauren Cohan plays Martha in the DC Extended Universe first appearing in Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice (2016).

References

Batman characters
DC Comics characters
Fictional characters introduced in 1939
Thomas Wayne

Dr. Thomas Wayne is a fictional Batman character who was the father of Bruce Wayne and the husband of Martha Wayne. He was the founder of Wayne Enterprises and was one of Gotham's best doctors. He had a strong relationship with Bruce until he was killed along with his wife by Joe Chill. From his death Bruce became Batman to avenge their deaths.

Jeffrey Dean Morgan plays Thomas in the DC Extended Universe first appearing in Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice (2016) and Brett Cullen plays him in the 2019 movie Joker.

Batman characters
DC Comics characters
Fictional characters introduced in 1939
Bat-Signal

The Bat-Signal is a fictional distress signal that shines a light into the sky with a shadow in the shape of a bat to call Batman and Robin when there's a crime happening or when James Gordon has a lead on a case. Gordon, Harvey Dent, Harvey Bullock, Hamilton Hill, and Barbara Gordon have access to the machine. Many spoofs of the machine are made in many television shows.

References

Batman

it:Batman#Batsegnale
Wayne Manor

Wayne Manor is the home of Gotham City billionaire Bruce Wayne and his butler Alfred Pennyworth. The manor was the childhood home of Bruce when his parents were alive. The Manor was part of the Wayne's family for generations. Under the manor is the Batcave or Batman's lair.

References

Other websites
Wayne Manor 

Batman
Fictional buildings and structures
Batcave

The Batcave is the fictional secret lair of Batman. It is on the foundation of Wayne Manor. There are two ways into the cave, one is through a waterfall on the back of the cave and the other is a built-in elevator that leads from the library of Wayne Manor to the bridge of the cave. It holds all of Batman's secrets, gadgets, the Batmobile, and a real gorge. The cave also has millions of bats.

References

Other websites
 Top 10 Batcave Trophies  Article on ComicsBulletin about the Batcave Hall of Trophies

Batman
Fictional locations

de:Batcave
Wayne Enterprises

Wayne Enterprises is a fictional company that was created by Thomas Wayne. The company has three main owners Bruce Wayne, Dick Grayson, and CEO of the company Lucius Fox. The enterprises makes one the leading materials and technology in Gotham City. The company also makes and gives Batman all his gadgets and weapons he needs to save Gotham. The enterprise has about $31.6 million dollars.

References

Batman
Batboat

The Batboat is the fictional waterboat that Batman uses to travel to places on the sea or lakes. The boat was a product from Wayne Enterprises made by Lucius Fox. The boat holds many weapon buttons from Batman can push them to pull out a gadget and use it during and attack. The boat has enough space for two. The boat can also turn in a submarine.

The boat has appeared in Batman, Batman Returns, and in Batman Forever.

References

Batman
Batcycle

The Batcycle is the fictional personal motorcycle for Batman that has built-in guns. It also as a bullet proof window guard. The batcycle either comes alone or it is built into the Batmobile. The batcycle appeares in Batman and as the Bat Pod in The Dark Knight and in The Dark Knight Rises. In the Christopher Nolan movies, The Dark Knight, the cycle was built into the Batmobile, and in The Dark Knight Rises the cycle was given to Catwoman. The cycle was built in Wayne Enterprises by Lucius Fox.

References

Batman
Bonnie Tyler

Bonnie Tyler (born Gaynor Hopkins; 8 June 1951) is a Welsh singer, songwriter, and philanthropist. She has had several major hit songs such as "Holding Out for a Hero". Three songs "Lost in France," "It's a Heartache" and "Total Eclipse of the Heart" became major hits in the late 1970s and early 1980s. Tyler represented the United Kingdom in the Eurovision Song Contest 2013 in Malmö.

Albums
A list of Tyler's albums:

 The World Starts Tonight (1977)
 Natural Force (1978)
 It's a Heartache (1978)
 Diamond Cut (1979)
 Goodbye to the Island (1981)
 Faster Than The Speed Of Night (1983)
 Secret Dreams And Forbidden Fire (1986)
 Hide Your Heart (1988)
 Notes From America (1988)
 Bitterblue (1991)
 Angel Heart (1992)
 Silhouette In Red (1993)
 Free Spirit (1995)
 All In One Voice (1998)
 Heart And Soul (2002) with the City of Prague Philharmonic Orchestra
 Simply Believe (2004)
 Wings (2005)
 Rocks and Honey (2013)

There are also collections of songs from the above albums.

References

Other websites
 Bonnie Tyler official website

1951 births
Living people
British rock singers
Musicians from Glamorgan
Welsh Christians
Welsh pop singers
Welsh rock musicians
Welsh singer-songwriters
Batplane

The Batplane, later known as the Batwing is the personal airplane for Batman. The plane was built by Wayne Enterprises by Lucius Fox. It is part plane part helicopter or The Batcopter. The plane holds many guns and gadgets in case of an air attack. It also can air-park while up in the air. The plane appeared in Batman, Batman Forever, and as The Bat in The Dark Knight Rises.

References

Other websites
Batman: Collected Issues of the Dark Knight - Batman #203 
Batman: Yesterday, Today, & Beyond
History of the Batplane 

Batman
Batmobile

The Batmobile is the personal car for Batman and Robin. The Batmobile was made from Wayne Enterprises by Lucius Fox. The Batmobile appeared in all Batman movies ever made, but in Christopher Nolan's The Dark Knight Trilogy it was named The Tumbler throughout the trilogy. The Batmobile holds many weapons and gadgets.

References

Other websites

1989 Batmobile Replica from Batman Movies 
The History of the Batmobile
Batman: Yesterday, Today and Beyond
1966 Bat Fan
Batmobile - Batman Wiki

Batman
Blackgate Prison

Blackgate Prison is a fictional prison where normal prisoners are taken into jail. The prison is off the coast of Gotham Bay which is like Alcatraz Island. In other cases the prison is in the city such as in The Dark Knight Rises.

Blackgate Prison is unlike Arkham Asylum, in which many people like Rupert Thorne, Carmine Falcone, The Penguin, Ventriloquist, and Victor Zsasz are held. The prison was in The Dark Knight Rises when Bane used the Batmobile to shoot the prison open to free all the prisoners to occupy Gotham.

References

Other websites
 Blackgate Penitentiary at DC Comics Wiki

Batman
Fictional buildings and structures
Arkham Asylum

Arkham Asylum is a fictional asylum in Gotham City where the crazy Batman criminals live. This includes: The Joker, Bane, Two-Face, Harley Quinn, Poison Ivy, Mr. Freeze, Riddler, Penguin, Scarecrow, Killer Croc, and Jeremiah Arkham. The leading doctor of Arkham was Jeremiah Arkham before turning into the second Black Mask. Arkham was destroyed many times and many times the criminals escaped.

Arkham appeared in Batman Forever, Batman & Robin and in Batman Begins.

References

Other websites
 Arkham Care
 Batman-On-Film.com BOF's review of Arkam Asylum, A Serious House on a Serious Earth
 Official Videogame Website

Batman
Fictional buildings and structures
Laura Leighton

Laura Leighton (July 24, 1968 in Iowa City, Iowa) is an American actress. She works mainly on television programs. She plays Ashley Marin in Pretty Little Liars. She also played Sydney Andrews in the primetime soap opera Melrose Place. Leighton has also appeared in other television shows.

References

1968 births
Living people
Actors from Iowa City, Iowa
Chairlift

A chairlift, also called an elevated passenger ropeway, is a type of public transport. It is like a chair that runs on cables. The cable is placed over the chair to lift it from the ground and they run between two (or more) stations. The cable is moved around by motors and lifted from the ground by towers. There are many chairs on the cable so that many people can be transported.

Chairlifts are found in skiing resorts, where they help skiers go up the mountain. They are sometimes better than gondola lifts because the skier does not need to remove the skis. He/she can sit down on the chair and then leave it at the top of the mountain very quickly. Old chairlifts are small and slow. Newer ones can carry up to 8 people. They are also faster overall, but they slow down at the station, making it easier to get on and off. Sometimes they even have a glass bubble that can be closed to keep people warm inside.

Related pages 
Gondola lift
Cable car

Ski lifts
Yasmine Bleeth

Yasmine Amanda Bleeth (June 14, 1968 in New York) is an American actress. She works mainly on television programs. She played Caroline Holden in the television soap Baywatch. She also did other television shows. She was born in New York City.

Actors from New York City
1968 births
Living people
Gena Lee Nolin

Gena Lee Nolin (born November 29, 1971, Duluth, Minnesota) is an American actress. She performs mostly on television. She starred in the primetime television soap opera Baywatch. She also created her own show, Sheena, in 2000.

Actors from Minnesota
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
1971 births
Living people
People from Duluth, Minnesota
Louise Fletcher

Louise Fletcher (born July 22, 1934, Birmingham, Alabama) is an American actress. She has won many awards for her television and movie acting. She acted in the movie One Flew over the Cuckoo's Nest and the television series Picket Fences. She received several awards related to the earlier. She also did other movies.

American movie actors
Actors from Birmingham, Alabama
1934 births
Living people
Gena Rowlands

Gena Rowlands (born June 19, 1930 in Madison, Wisconsin) is an American actress. She has gotten several Golden Globe and Emmy Awards. She starred opposite Robert Lansing in The 87th Precinct as a woman who was deaf. She also acted in the 1980 picture Gloria as the title character. She was married to director John Cassavetes until his death in 1989. They had three children.

Actors from Wisconsin
American movie actors
1930 births
Living people
People from Madison, Wisconsin
American television actors
Emmy Award winners
Golden Globe Award winners
Diverticulitis

Diverticulitis is a disease of the digestive system. It is caused by inflammation of pouches (diverticula) in the walls of the bowel. It usually occurs in the large intestine. Diverticula can also be in the upper digestive tract at the level of the esophagus, stomach and small intestine.

Symptoms
Symptoms of diverticulitis depend on the extent of inflammation in the intestine. Diverticulitis can be very painful. The pain is usually present in the lower abdomen on the left side. People with diverticulitis can also have nausea, vomiting, difficulty or pain while passing urine and changes in bowel habits.

Complications
One of the complications of diverticulitis can be the formation of an abscess in the abdominal cavity. The inflammation or infection can then reach the abdominal wall and causes peritonitis. This infection can also spread to other parts of the body such as organs near the intestine, causing sepsis, which is dangerous. In addition, a fistula may form between the intestine and other organs. Diverticulitis may also cause a blockage in the colon.

Prevention
To prevent diverticulitis, it is important to be active and to have a diet rich in fibers. These include eating (fruits, vegetables, legumes and cereals). It is also possible to reduce the risks of diverticulitis in several ways: chew foods before swallowing, defecate as soon as you feel the need, eat less fats and meats, do more physical activities, eat probiotics and drink water regularly.

Diagnosis
To diagnose diverticulitis, it is important to do a barium enema X-ray to see the shape of the intestine wall.  Diverticula can be seen with a axial tomographie scan (CT scan). It is also possible to prescribe an abdominal radiograph to indicate if there is a perforation. After the acute phase or absence of acute diverticulitis, the doctor can prescribe a colonoscopy to look at the colon and determine the evolution of the disease.

Surgery
The resection of the colon is the procedure most often used to treat severe diverticulitis. It is also possible to do a resection of the diseased part of the colon and make a colostomy. In fact, if a diverticulitis is too large, a colostomy could be necessary either temporarily or permanently.

References 

Diseases and disorders of the digestive system
Diseases
Show jumping

Show jumping is an equestrian event that uses English riding.  
The rider and horse must complete an obstacle course under the rules of the International Federation of Equestrian sports. 

The sport was born in the 18th century by fox hunters when England introduced fencing laws.  Hunters were now obligated to jump fences and this became a very popular activity.  In 1912, show jumping made its first appearance in the Olympic Games. 

Show jumping is one of the very few sports where men and women are  equal in competitions.  This sport requires a muscular horse with a good cardiovascular endurance. Also, it must have a quick and stable temperament for the best performance. The breeds that are the most sought for this sport are Selle Français, Anglo-Arabe, Oldenburg, Warmblood (including Holsteiner and Hanoverian), Thoroughbred and Trakehner.

Rules
To win the first place, the rider and his horse must complete the course as quickly as possible without making any mistakes. A fault or mistake occurs when the horse knocks down a fence or obstacle or if it disobeys; such as refusing to jump or makes a run-out. In fact, if a fault occurs the rider receives a penalty and loses automatically four points per mistake.  Also, a rider can lose some points if he exceeds the given time; a penalty is deduced at each exceeding second. Also, a rider can be eliminated because of a fall down or does not do the course correctly. The course is established in advance by the course designer. A designated judge decides whether the rider is eliminated or not and if he is, the judge decides when.
 
The riders who complete a course without any mistake can go to the next step, which is the jump-off. It is a shorter race:  again the goal is to complete the course as quickly as possible and without making any mistake. The rider who has the best time wins the competition. If mistakes are made, seconds are added to the final time and this is why only the time score determines the winners.

References 

Equestrian sports
Pauline Gill

Pauline Gill is a writer from Quebec, member of . She grew up in Bas-St-Laurent and lived in Longueil for thirty-three years. She has been in Verchères since 2006.  She studied sociology, pedagogy, history and letters at university. From 1996 to 2001, Pauline Gill was a linguistic reviser for the Collège Rosemont and some publishing houses. She co-founded  in 1988, so she wrote some chronicles in its newspaper by the years.  In 2001, she has been co-scenarist to produce a television series on her trilogy .  Pauline Gill has accomplished a lot of things in her life.
     
Before starting only writing, she taught a lot (1959-1996) in primary schools, high schools and colleges. She taught sociology, gerontology and history of Quebec. She has also been a research assistant for the INRS (Briefly, ), sector society and culture. Since 1990, she has been writing full time. She writes history books that talk about women of the past who built Quebec. She wrote the trilogy Docteure Irma, about the life of Irma LeVasseur, first French Canadian woman who has studied medicine. She also wrote , which is about Victoire Du Sault, the first lady to become a shoemaker. Other works are , , and .

However, she not only wrote about history. She has also written for young people.

Works

 La porte ouverte, Éditions du Méridien, 1990.
 Les enfants de Duplessis, 1991.
 Le château retrouvé, 1996.
 Dans l'attente d'un OUI, 1997
 Guide pour les aidants naturels, 1999
 La Cordonnière, 1998
 La jeunesse de la cordonnière 1999
 Le testament de la cordonnière, 2000
 Béni des dieux, 2000
 Réveil brutal à la forêt de Bonamandou, 2001
 Et pourtant elle chantait, 2001
 Les fils de la cordonnière, 2003
 La saga de la cordonnière, 2003
 Marie-Antoinette la dame de la rivière Rouge, 2005
 Docteure Irma, tome 1 - La louve blanche, 2006
 Dans les yeux de Nathan 2006 (Jeunesse)
 Le miracle de Juliette 2007 (Jeunesse)
 Évangéline et Gabriel, 2007
 Docteure Irma, tome 2 - L'Indomptable, 2008
 Docteure Irma, tome 3 - La soliste, 2009
 Gaby Bernier 2012

References

Canadian writers
Living people
1942 births
Islamic philosophy

Islamic philosophy  is philosophy that is practiced in countries where Islam has a strong influence on society. The product of Islamic philosophy is an Islamic society.  Philosophy, as a "project of independent philosophical inquiry", began in Baghdad in the middle of the eighth century.

Early Islamic philosophy refers to the time period of the 8th to the 12th century. This time is often called the Islamic Golden Age. There are two main branches of philosophy, Kalam, and Falsafa. Falsafa is a word that comes from Greek; it refers to the kind of philosophy much like it was done in Ancient Greece. Kalam literally means "speech": it uses dialectic in philosophy. One of the first "discussions" was about free will, a school called "Qadar" said there was free will, another school called the Jabarites said there was not.

References

Branches of philosophy
Islam
Great highland bagpipe

The Great Highland bagpipe is a four-reed woodwind instrument from Scotland. The instrument is made of a leather or synthetic bag. The three drones are single-reed instruments and make harmonies. The chanter is a double-reed instrument used to play the melody. The instrument also has a blowpipe used to inflate the bag.

Bag and blowpipe

The bag is filled with air by the player to inflate it and flow air into the drones and the chanter. The bag used to be made of leather (sheepskin or cow) but is now commonly made of synthetic material (Gore-Tex) for the ease of maintenance. The blowpipe is a simple pipe used to inflate the bag with the player’s breath.

Drones

The great highland bagpipe has three drones used for harmonies. The big one is called a “bass drone” and the two little one are called the tenors. These three drones are tuned on the same note and give the background sound that harmonizes with the chanter. The length of the drones can be adjusted to tune them. If the length is shorten, the pitch will be sharper, if it’s lengthen, the pitch will be lower.

Chanter

The chanter is a conical bored instrument with height holes in it. This instrument has been  made of wood since the instrument's origin but is now made of plastic in some cases. The player opens or closes some of these holes with his fingers to give the melody.

Playing

To play the instrument, the player (called a bagpiper or a piper) will inflate the bag and will place it under his left arm when the bag is fully inflated. The piper will now keep the pressure in the instrument with his arm. When he has to stop breathing in the bag, he’ll use his elbow to press the bag and keep the pressure on. This way of playing gives the opportunity to the player to play music during a long period of time without stopping for the need of breathing. Once the instrument is inflated, the piper have to tune one of the drones to match the chanter and, after that, he'll tune drones to match them together. If the piper do this operation carefully, he will be able to have a perfectly balance instrument. Once it's done, the player can start playing his instrument.

References

Woodwind instruments
Moral equivalence

Moral equivalence is a term used in political arguments or debate. It is an informal fallacy.  The phrase describes a kind of indirect proof, but the reasoning is flawed because it distorts issues.  It draws comparisons between different things to make a point that one is just as bad as the other or just as good as the other.

The user of the term imagines a kind of independent position above or beyond the two contenders.  The moral equivalence theory allows someone using the term to appear both objective and detached at the same time.

The general form of the context for the use of the trope is 
 The actions of A are morally equivalent to the actions of B, therefore A is just as good or bad as B, regardless of what the actual actions are. 
 Doing X is morally equivalent to doing Y, therefore someone doing X is just as good or bad someone doing Y, regardless of what X and Y actually are.

The concept of moral equivalence is not a term of philosophy; rather, it is only a logical fallacy used in arguments.

History
It is usually used to suggest a moral or ethical hierarchy for two sides in a conflict -- that one is better or worse than the other. The term originates from a 1906 speech The Moral Equivalent of War by William James.

The term's popular use was expanded by Jeane Kirkpatrick, who was US ambassador to the United Nations when  Ronald Reagan was President of the United States. In 1986, Kirkpatrick published "The Myth of Moral Equivalence" which responded to the argument that there was "no moral difference" between the Soviet Union and democratic states.

Related pages
 False analogy
 Apples and oranges
 Morality
 Ethics

References

Logical fallacies
University of Bordeaux 1

The University of Bordeaux 1 (Bordeaux 1) is a public university in Bordeaux. University of Bordeaux 1 has ten schools and colleges and gives much importance to scientific and technological research.

References

Other websites

 Bordeaux I , official web site

Colleges and universities in France
Bordeaux
Condenser (apparatus)

A condenser is a device used in the laboratory to cool hot gases into liquids. It is usually a long, circular glass tube. Inside the tube there is another, smaller tube. The hot gas goes through the smaller, inside tube, while in the outside one cold water goes around. Water can be put in from the tap, and goes from the bottom to exit at the top. This makes sure the tube is always full of water, so that cooling is quick.

A condenser is used for example in distillation, where the hot vapour needs to be cooled down back to liquid to be collected. It is also used in reflux where it makes sure that the solvent used does not boil and go away.

Laboratory equipment
Margaret Whiting

Margaret Whiting (July 21, 1924 - January 10, 2011) was a US pop music singer. She recorded more than 700 songs, and sold millions of records.

Whiting was born in Detroit in 1924 into a musical family. Her father, Dick Whiting, was a song writer, and her mother, Eleanor Whiting, managed several performers. She began her recording career while she was still a teenager. Her father had worked with Johnny Mercer, and Mercer wrote songs and recorded with Whiting. Their duet, Baby It's Cold Outside, was huge hit.

References

1924 births
2011 deaths
Singers from Detroit, Michigan
Mike Ward (comedian)

Michael John Ward (born September 14, 1973, Quebec) is a Canadian comedian. He performs mostly in Quebec but has also performed in many other countries. These include France, the United States, the United Arab Emirates, Ireland and England. He has performed for the Canadian soldiers in Afghanistan. People have described his style of comedy as very "raw". This can mean that he says things that some people wouldn't say and has many strong opinions about many subjects. But it also means he says things that some people don't like. He talks about topics such as war, racism, poverty, sex and religion. 

During his career, he has had two major shows. These are "Haïssable" and "Mike Ward s'eXpose". For these two shows, he sold almost 200 000 tickets in total for his many performances. He been on many television series as comedian and animator. He has been on Cliptoman, Un gars le soir, Gala juste pour rire and  Testostérone.

He also has a podcast on iTunes.

Controversy 
Because of his humour, Mike Ward had been the subject of many controversies. One of these affected many people in Quebec. During one of his shows, he did a joke on the Quebec government. In this joke, he talked about "Cédrika Provencher". She was a young girl who was kidnapped in 2007 in Quebec. She died. Her remains were found on December 11, 2015 in a wooded area near Trois-Rivières. A few weeks after the show, a journalist wrote a negative newspaper article about the show. Some people thought that Ward was making fun of Provencher but other people think that the joke was taken out of context.

References

Other websites 
Official biography

1973 births
Living people
Canadian comedians
People from Quebec
Hiroyuki Imaishi

is an animator and director from Japan. He first worked on the show Neon Genesis Evangelion in 1995. He also worked on FLCL. He also directed the movie Dead Leaves and the giant robot show Tengen Toppan Gurren Lagann. His style of animation is wild and fast.

1971 births
Living people
People from Tokyo
Japanese animators
Jason Voorhees

Jason Voorhees is a fictional character from the Friday the 13th series. He first appeared in Friday the 13th (1980) as a young boy. When he was a boy, he went to a summer camp "Camp Crystal Lake" where he was made bullied because of his appearance. He had a deformed face and body. They threw him into the lake and he drowned. It was later discovered he survived and became a killer after a teenager killed his mother, Pamela Voorhees.

In the sequel to the Friday the 13th, he wears a tan colored hood, so the nobody could see his face. It wasn't until in the third movie he wore a hockey mask and since then he wore that hockey mask throughout the series. He uses a machete to kill the teenagers who come to Camp Crystal Lake. He later had a battle with Freddy Krueger in Freddy vs. Jason.

References

Other websites
 The Many Faces of Jason – a look at the various shots of Jason behind the mask

Fictional American people
Fictional characters introduced in 1980
Fictional murderers
Horror movie characters
Mortal Kombat guest characters
Friday the 13th (franchise)
John McClane

John McClane is a fictional character who is the protagonist of Die Hard movie series. He has a daughter Lucy and son Jack.

He was born in Plainfield, New Jersey. In the movies, he is played by the actor Bruce Willis.

Fictional American people
Movie characters
Chucky (Child's Play)

Charles Lee Ray  (Chucky)is a doll

Until he blew up or was thrown into a propeller that he appeared to have stitches and with large scares on his face. He used many weapons, but mostly an axe or a knife to kill people who buy or sees him killing someone. He appeared in 6 movies. He had a wife, Tiffany Valentine (also a killer doll) and one daughter/son who has mental issues (also a doll).

Fictional characters introduced in 1988
Fictional murderers
Movie characters
Child's Play (franchise)
Kebechet

In the Ancient Egyptian religion, Kebechet (also known as Qebehet, Kebhut, Kebehut, Qebehut, and Kabechet) was the goddess of freshness and purification. She was known as the "wandering goddess" or the "lost child". She was the daughter of Anubis and his wife Anput and was thought to help her father in his role as the god of embalming. She was particularly associated with embalming fluid used during mummification.

Kebechet was often depicted as a snake, sometimes with a body of stars. She was also depicted as a woman with the head of a snake. Sometimes she takes the form of an ostrich, linking her to the goddess of Ma´at who represented justice and balance in the universe and was involved in the judgement of the dead.

Egyptian gods and goddesses

ca:Chnum
Mariloup Wolfe

Mariloup Wolfe (born 3 January 1978) is a Canadian actress from Montreal, Quebec. She became famous through her role as "Marianne" in the popular TV series Ramdam.

Biography
Mariloup Wolfe studied arts and communications at College Andre-Grasset. She got a college degree in this subject. After that, she went to the McGill University for one year and did a minor degree in cultural studies. She finished her bachelor's degree at Concordia University in cinematographic productions and made a specialization in this matter at the same university. All those studies were made in Montréal.

Wolfe performed in the television series Ramdam for many years. She played "Marianne", a charming teenager in an ordinary family. Her role in this youth series won her many awards. In particular, she won a Metrostar in the category for young comedy series, two Artis awards in 2007 and 2008 and a Gemeaux prize for the best interpretation of a major role in a youth series. She also acted in an animated television series Fais ça court, which was about the creator of a short film.

Personal life
Wolfe is the mother of two young boys: Manoe (born in May 2010) and Miro (born December 2011). Her ex-husband and father of their children is Guillaume Lemay Thivierge. Just like her, he is a comedian and met her in the Ramdam series in which they both acted. Wolfe represented the Yoopa magazine, a reference for parents, for one year. She signed an editorial in each publication. She is the owner of an Energy Cardio center at Blainville and she participated at “Rallie des gazelles” with Jessica Barker. Recently, she was an invited stylist for “Thyme Maternity”.

References

Other websites
 Official website

1978 births
Living people
Canadian television actors
Actors from Quebec
Khnum

Khnum (; also spelled Khnemu) was an Egyptian god. He was originally the god of the source of the Nile River. He was also the ram-headed god, a minor water god, the god of fertility, and the potter god of creation. He created the first children on his potter's wheel with clay from the banks of the Nile River. Khnum also controls when the Nile will flood.

Egyptian gods and goddesses
Spring Breakers

Spring Breakers is a 2012 American movie set in St. Petersburg, Florida. The movie is written and directed by Harmony Korine. It is about five college aged girls who rob a restaurant to pay for spring break expenses. Starring are Vanessa Hudgens, Selena Gomez, Ashley Benson, Rachel Korine and Zendaya. Spring Breakers is rated R by the MPAA.

2012 buddy movies
2012 crime movies
2012 drama movies
2010s crime drama movies
2010s satirical movies
American buddy movies
American crime drama movies
American satirical movies
English-language movies
Female buddy movies
Movies about drugs
Movies set in Florida
St. Petersburg, Florida
Heather Morris

Heather Elizabeth Morris (born February 1, 1987 in Thousand Oaks, California) is an American dancer actress,and singer. She played Brittany Pierce in Glee. She was also in Bedtime Stories and Ice Age: Continental Drift. She was a backup dancer for Beyoncé.

Actors from Ventura County, California
American movie actors
1987 births
Living people
Topsy Tjulyata

Topsy Tjulyata is an Aboriginal artist from central Australia. She makes wooden objects which are known in Western Desert languages as . She makes these objects by carving the wood and then engraving patterns () into its surface with a burning wire. This technique is called pokerwork. The wood she uses is sourced locally from the area around Uluṟu, where she lives. She makes both decorative sculptures and traditional tools. The patterns engraved into the objects depict , spiritual stories about creation ancestors from the Dreamtime.

Topsy began working in arts and crafts at Ernabella in the late 1940s. She specialised in wood carving. While she was living there, she married Walter Pukutiwara, a shepherd who also crafted tools. They later moved to Amaṯa in South Australia.

In 1981, Topsy and Walter went to Uluṟu and set up a tent at the base of Uluṟu. From there they sold their  works to tourists for over two weeks. They did this trip with other artists from Amaṯa, including Pulya Taylor and Tony Tjamiwa, and their friends Peter Yates and Pat D'Arango. In 1983, this group travelled around to artist communities in the Aṉangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara Lands. This was to discuss the idea of setting up a new craft centre at Uluṟu that would sell artworks from around the region to tourists. The couple moved to Muṯitjulu so that they could help set up Maṟuku Arts. Topsy and Water were some of the first artists for the centre, and worked together closely until Walter's death in 2004. Topsy is still a member of the organisation's Governing Committee.

A collection of wooden bowls made by Topsy are held in the National Gallery of Australia. The patterns engraved on the surfaces depict stories about the Seven Sisters. Both the Powerhouse Museum and the National Museum of Australia contain examples of Topsy's sculptures. The sculptures are of , the perentie man.

References

This article includes text from the Powerhouse Museum, Australia , which has been licensed under CC-BY-SA.

Other websites
Topsy Tjulyata Taylor at Prints and Printmaking

1931 births
Living people
Australian sculptors
Woodworkers
Artists from South Australia
Artists from the Northern Territory
Indigenous Australian artists
Pitjantjatjara
Raw milk

Raw milk is milk which is not pasteurized. Raw milk was consumed before the invention of pasteurizing in 1864. Medical groups strongly recommend against eating or drinking raw milk. In Asia, rules and laws about raw milk are rarely enforced; in most of the European Union raw milk products are legal; in France raw milk and its products are legal and essential as high quality food. Around the United States, however, there are restrictions and warnings about raw milk and its products.

Milk
Pascal's law

Pascal's law is a law about the physics of a fluid. It says that if pressure is exerted on a non compressible fluid in an enclosed vessel, this pressure will be distributed evenly throughout the fluid. It is named after Blaise Pascal who discovered it in 1647. An example of Pascal's law is the way a fluid flows out of one syringe to another through a pipe or tube. 

[[Category:Laws of physics]
Pascal took a barrel and inserted a tube in it. It caused the barrel to burst. This proved Pascal's hypothesis correct. :)
Walter Pukutiwara

Walter Pukutiwara (c. 1930 – 10 November 2004) was an Aboriginal artist from central Australia. He crafted traditional tools, such as spears and spear-throwers, and wooden sculptures, known in Western Desert languages as . He made these by carving the wood and then engraving patterns () into its surface with a burning wire. This technique is called pokerwork. The patterns engraved into the objects depict , spiritual stories about creation ancestors from the Dreamtime. The National Museum of Australia contains many examples of Walter's works.

Walter was born just south of Uluṟu, some time around 1930. The place where he was born is associated with the , and so the  (brushtail possum) is his personal totem. Walter grew up living a traditional way of life in the bush with his family. When he was a young man, he went to live at the mission in Ernabella, South Australia. He worked there with sheep, as a shepherd and shearer. He got married to Topsy Tjulyata, and the couple moved to Amaṯa. During the 1980s, Walter served as the Pitjantjatjara representative on the Aboriginal Arts Board (AAB). He lobbied the board for money to support art and crafts in Amaṯa. As a result, the craft centre at Amaṯa was established in February 1981.

Later in 1981, Walter and Topsy went to Uluṟu and set up a tent at the base of Uluṟu. From there they sold their  works to tourists for over two weeks. They did this trip with other artists from Amaṯa, including Tony Tjamiwa and Pulya Taylor, and their friends Peter Yates and Patricia D'Arango. In 1983, this group travelled around to artist communities in the Aṉangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara Lands. This was to discuss the idea of setting up a new craft centre at Uluṟu that would sell artworks from around the region to tourists. The couple moved to Muṯitjulu so that they could help set up Maṟuku Arts, in 1984. Water and Topsy were some of the first artists for the centre. Walter served on the organisation's Governing Committee for 20 years, including as chairman many times.

From 1976 to 1978, Walter also served as a member of the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Arts Board. In the early 1990s, he helped to set up Aṉangu Tours, the main tour operator in Uluṟu-Kata Tjuṯa National Park. His daughter, Rene Kulitja, and son-in-law, Richard Kulitja, took over the company when Walter retired. Walter died on 10 November 2004, in Alice Springs.

References

This article includes text from the Powerhouse Museum, Australia , which has been licensed under CC-BY-SA.

Other websites
Topsy Tjulyata Taylor at Prints and Printmaking

1930 births
2004 deaths
Australian sculptors
Woodworkers
Artists from South Australia
Artists from the Northern Territory
Indigenous Australian artists
Pitjantjatjara
Archedictyon

Archedictyon  (plural = archedictya) is the name of a hypothetical scheme of wing venation of the common ancestor of all winged insects.

Description
The nature of the archedictyon is an important in the taxonomic classification of the large, primitive Palaeozoic insects known as Palaeodictyoptera. It was used for this purpose as early as 1854. A National Museum of Natural History database for the study of ants, wasps, bees and termites describes the archedictyon as:
...the primitive original vein network [of] the wings of many of the most ancient insect fossils; the complex network of irregular veinlets between the veins in the outer [three-quarters] of both wings, including the anal lobe.

According to a 1999 paper on the evolution of flght in Palaeoptera the cross veins of some Palaeodictyoptera may be an adaptive feature.

Structure

The archedictyon is believed to have contained between six and eight longitudinal veins, but current understanding of the design is based on a combination of fossil data and speculation.

The "Comstock-Needham system" designed by two entomologists describes these veins and their branches:

Costa (C): the leading edge of the wing
Subcosta (Sc): the second longitudinal vein (behind the costa), typically unbranched
Radius (R): the third longitudinal vein, one to five branches reach the wing margin
Media (M): the fourth longitudinal vein, one to four branches reach the wing margin
Cubitus (Cu): fifth longitudinal vein, one to three branches reach the wing margin
Anal veins (A1, A2, A3): the unbranched veins behind the cubitus.

Crossveins are named based on their relative position to the more prominent longitudinal veins:

C-SC crossveins run between the costa and subcosta
R crossveins run between adjacent branches of the radius
R-M crossveins run between the radius and media
M-CU crossveins run between the media and cubitus.

Living species 
In extant insects, the term implies a retention of primitive characteristics but not necessarily a simplicity of form.  Modern insects with wings to which the term archedictyon has been applied include the termite Mastotermes darwiniensis from Australia and the praying mantis Orthodera novaezealandiae. from New Zealand.

The term is also used in the discussion of phasmids. Then it refers to a network of non-directional veins in the costal region of the wing or in the elytron.

Bibliography
 "An enigmatic Palaeozoic stem-group: Paoliida: designation of new taxa from the Upper Carboniferous of the Czech Republic"  (pdf file)

References

Insects
Elytra

Elytra  are the modified, hardened front wings of beetles and some bugs (Heteroptera). In most true bugs, the forewings are called hemelytra, as only the basal half is thickened while the apex is membranous.

Description
The elytra act as protective wing-cases for the hind wings underneath, which are used for flying. To fly, a beetle opens the elytra and then extends the hindwings, flying while still holding the elytra open, though some beetles in the families Scarabaeidae and Buprestidae can fly with the elytra closed.

In some groups, the elytra are fused together, and the insect is flightless. Some of the ground beetles (family Carabidae) are a good example of this.

References

Insects