cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Bill Valentine

William Terry "Bill" Valentine, Jr. (November 21, 1932 - April 26, 2015) was an American professional baseball umpire. He worked in the American League from 1963 to 1968. Valentine was an umpire in the 1965 Major League Baseball All-Star Game. In his career, he umpired 947 Major League games.

Valentine died on April 26, 2015 in Little Rock, Arkansas, aged 82.

References

1932 births
2015 deaths
Businesspeople from Arkansas
Sportspeople from Arkansas
People from Little Rock, Arkansas
Tumbes

Tumbes is a city in Peru. It is the capital of Tumbes Region.

Cities in Peru
Capitals of regions of Peru
Piura

Piura is a city in Peru. It is the capital of Piura Region.

Cities in Peru
Capitals of regions of Peru
Sugar Land, Texas

Sugar Land is a city in Texas. It is in the  big city area and Fort Bend County. It is one of the richest cities in Texas. It is growing very fast. It grew more than 158 percent in the last ten years. As of the 2010 census, its population was 78,817. It is here that  Miss Teen USA Katie Blair lived during her freshmen, sophomore and junior years.

References

Other websites

 City of Sugar Land

Cities in Texas
Chiclayo

Chiclayo is a city in Peru. It is the capital of Lambayeque Region. It has ten universities and six museums.

Cities in Peru
Capitals of regions of Peru
Trujillo

Trujillo is a city in Peru. It is the capital of La Libertad Region.

Cities in Peru
Capitals of regions of Peru
Huaraz

Huaraz is a city in Peru. It is the capital of Ancash Region.

Cities in Peru
Capitals of regions of Peru
Huacho

Huacho is a city in Peru. It is the capital of Lima Region.

Cities in Peru
Capitals of regions of Peru
Ica

Ica is a city in Peru. It is the capital of Ica Region.

Cities in Peru
Capitals of regions of Peru
Arequipa

Arequipa is a city in Peru. It is the capital of Arequipa Region.

Cities in Peru
Capitals of regions of Peru
Moquegua

Moquegua is a city in Peru. It is the capital of Moquegua Region.

Cities in Peru
Capitals of regions of Peru
Cajamarca

Cajamarca is a city in Peru. It is the capital of Cajamarca Region.

Cities in Peru
Capitals of regions of Peru
Huánuco

Huánuco is a city in Peru. It is the capital of Huánuco Region.

Cities in Peru
Capitals of regions of Peru
Cerro de Pasco

Cerro de Pasco is a city in Peru. It is the capital of Pasco Region.

Cities in Peru
Capitals of regions of Peru
Huancayo

Huancayo is a city in Peru. It is the capital of Junín Region.

Cities in Peru
Capitals of regions of Peru
Huancavelica

Huancavelica is a city in Peru. It is the capital of Huancavelica Region.

Cities in Peru
Capitals of regions of Peru
Ayacucho

Ayacucho is a city in Peru. It is the capital of Ayacucho Region.

Cities in Peru
Capitals of regions of Peru
Abancay

Abancay is a city in Peru. It is the capital of Apurímac Region.

Location
Abancay is located at an elevation of  above sea level in the southern Peruvian Andes, above the Pachachaca River, and straddles the Marino River.

References

Further reading

Other websites

 Municipalidad de Abancay
 Universidad Tecnológica de los Andes
 Universidad Nacional Micaela Bastidas de Apurimac
 World Gazetteer

Cities in Peru
Capitals of regions of Peru
1540 establishments
16th-century establishments in the Viceroyalty of Peru
Puno

Puno is a city in Peru. It is the capital of Puno Region.

Cities in Peru
Capitals of regions of Peru
Chachapoyas

Chachapoyas is a city in Peru. It is the capital of Amazonas Region.

Cities in Peru
Capitals of regions of Peru
Moyobamba

Moyobamba is a city in Peru. It is the capital of San Martín Region.

Cities in Peru
Capitals of regions of Peru
Pucallpa

Pucallpa is a city in Peru. It is the capital of Ucayali Region.

Cities in Peru
Capitals of regions of Peru
Puerto Maldonado

Puerto Maldonado is a city in Peru. It is the capital of Madre de Dios Region.

Cities in Peru
Capitals of regions of Peru
Brian Ferlin

Brian Ferlin (born June 3, 1992) is an American professional ice hockey right winger. He currently plays for the Boston Bruins of the National Hockey League (NHL).

Career
Before playing in the NHL, Ferlin played parts of 2 years with the Indiana Ice of the United States Hockey League (USHL) and parts of 3 years of college hockey with the Cornell University Big Red. Ferlin won the Greg Ratushny Award for most promising freshman.

He was drafted 121st overall by the Boston Bruins in the 2011 NHL Entry Draft. On April 11, 2014, Ferlin signed a two-year entry-level contract with the Bruins. He began playing for their AHL-affiliate, the Providence Bruins.

On February 20, 2015, the Bruins called Ferlin up and he made his NHL debut in a 5-1 loss to the St. Louis Blues. On February 22, 2015, Ferlin recorded his first NHL point when he assisted a Gregory Campbell goal in a 6-2 win against the Chicago Blackhawks.

References

Other websites 

1992 births
American Hockey League players
American ice hockey players
Boston Bruins players
Living people
Sportspeople from Jacksonville, Florida
United States Hockey League players
Jayson Megna

Jayson Megna (born February 1, 1990) is an American professional ice hockey center. He currently plays for the Colorado Avalanche of the National Hockey League. He also played for Pittsburgh Penguins, Vancouver Canucks, and New York Rangers of the (NHL). He was born in Fort Lauderdale, Florida and grew up in Northbrook, Illinois.

Career
Before playing in the NHL, Megna played 2 seasons with the Cedar Rapids RoughRiders of the United States Hockey League (USHL) and half a year of college hockey with the University of Nebraska Omaha Mavericks. During his time with the Mavericks, Megna was named to the WCHA All-Rookie Team.

He was not drafted but he signed a two-way contract with the Pittsburgh Penguins on August 1, 2012. He was sent down to play for their AHL-affiliate, the Wilkes-Barre/Scranton Penguins.

The Penguins called Megna up on October 24, 2013. Megna made his NH

L debut the next day in a 4-3 loss against the New York Islanders. On October 28, 2013, Megna recorded his first NHL point on a Tanner Glass goal and also scored his first NHL goal in a 3-1 win against the Carolina Hurricanes.

On July 10, 2014, the Penguins re-signed Megna to a one-year, two-way contract.

References

Other websites 

1990 births
American Hockey League players
American ice hockey players
Colorado Avalanche players
ECHL players
Ice hockey centres
Living people
New York Rangers players
People from Fort Lauderdale, Florida
Pittsburgh Penguins players
Sportspeople from Florida
United States Hockey League players
Vancouver Canucks players
Mike Phillips (basketball)

Michael Charles "Mike" Phillips (March 24, 1956 – April 25, 2015) was an American basketball player. He played for teams such as Kentucky Wildcats and FC Barcelona between the 1970s and 1990.

Phillips was born in Akron, Ohio. He died after a fall at his home in Madisonville, Kentucky, aged 59.

References

1956 births
2015 deaths
Accidental deaths from falls in the United States
American basketball players
Sportspeople from Kentucky
Sportspeople from Akron, Ohio
Dickie Owen

Dickie Owen (26 March 1927 – 7 April 2015) was a British actor. He was known for his roles in Chitty Chitty Bang Bang, Z-Cars, Zulu, The Curse of the Mummy's Tomb and The Mummy's Shroud. He acted between 1959 to 1968. He died at the age of 88.

References

Other websites
 

1927 births
2015 deaths
British movie actors
British television actors
Ira Lewis

Ira Lewis Metsky (August 27, 1932 – April 7, 2015) was an American actor, writer, and playwright. He was best known for his one-act play, Chinese Coffee, which opened at the Circle in the Square Theatre in 1992, starring Al Pacino. A movie adaptation of Chinese Coffee, also starring Pacino, as well as Jerry Orbach, was released in 2000. His career started in 1955, and ended in 2004.

Lewis was born in Newark, New Jersey. He died from problems caused by open heart surgery in Edison, aged 82. At the time of his death, he was living in Westfield.

References

Other websites
 

1932 births
2015 deaths
Actors from Newark, New Jersey
American movie actors
American playwrights
American screenwriters
American television actors
Deaths from heart failure
Deaths from surgical complications
Writers from Newark, New Jersey
Vivian Nathan

Vivian Nathan (born Vivian Firko; October 26, 1916 – April 3, 2015) was an American actress. She was an original and founding member of the Actors Studio, which opened in 1947. She served on the Actors Studio's board of directors until 1999. She appeared in the original Broadway debut productions of The Rose Tattoo (1951) and Camino Real (1953). Her movie credits included Klute (1971).

Nathan was born in New York City, New York. Her husband, Nathan Schwalb, died in 2000 after 50 years of marriage.

Nathan died on April 3, 2015 in Englewood, New Jersey, aged 98.

References

Other websites
 

1916 births
2015 deaths
Actors from New York City
American movie actors
American stage actors
American television actors
Dishwashing liquid

Dishwashing liquid is liquid detergent. It is used for washing dishes. It is designed not to hurt people's skin while they are washing dishes. This liquid is useful for cleaning oil because dishwashing liquid reduces the surface tension of oil and, when washed with water, the oil can be washed away. It is also used to clean sea birds if they get covered in oil after a spill.

The main chemical in dishwashing liquid is phosphate.

References

Cleaning tools
Masudur Rahman Baidya

Masudur Rahman Baidya (1968 – 26 April 2015) was an Indian swimmer. He was the world's first physically handicapped swimmer to swim across the English Channel (1997), the Strait of Gibraltar (2001), and the Palk Strait (2010). He was a double amputee below the knees.

Baidya was born in Ballabhpur, North 24 Parganas, West Bengal. He has married and had two daughters.

Baidya died from a heart attack on 26 April 2015 in Kolkata, aged 46.

References

1968 births
2015 deaths
Cardiovascular disease deaths in India
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Indian sportspeople
Swimmers
Catherine Bach

Catherine Bach (born March 1 1954) is an American actress. She acted as Daisy Duke in The Dukes of Hazzard. She also played Linda in Murder in Peyton Place.

She was born in Warren, Ohio.

References

American television actors
American movie actors
Actors from Ohio
1954 births
Living people
Gordon Moyes

Gordon Keith Mackenzie Moyes  (17 November 1938 – 5 April 2015) was an Australian Christian evangelist, broadcaster and politician. From 3 September 2002 to 4 March 2011, he was a member of the New South Wales Legislative Council, first for the Christian Democratic Party until March 2009. From November 2009, he was the Family First Party's only parliamentary representative in New South Wales.

Moyes was born in Melbourne, Victoria. He was married and had four children.

Moyes died on 5 April 2015 in Sydney, aged 76.

References

1938 births
2015 deaths
Australian Christians
Christian religious leaders
Evangelists
Independent politicians in Australia
Order of Australia
Politicians from Melbourne
Politicians from Sydney
Christine Stewart

Christine Susan Stewart  (January 3, 1941 – April 25, 2015) was a Canadian politician for the Liberal Party of Canada. She was member of the Canadian Parliament for Northumberland from 1988 to 2000. She was also the Minister of the Environment during the government of Jean Chrétien from 1997 to 1999.

Stewart was born in Hamilton, Ontario. She was also a nurse and graduated from the University of Toronto.

Stewart died on April 25, 2015 in Cobourg, aged 74.

References

Other websites

1941 births
2015 deaths
Canadian scientists
Nurses
People from Hamilton
Politicians from Ontario
Privy Councillors (Canada)
Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Ontario
Hojatollah Khatib

Hojatollah Khatib (‎; 1954 – 26 April 2015) was an Iranian sports administrator. He was the chairman of multisport club Persepolis Athletic and Cultural Club based in Tehran between July 2004 and December 2005. He was also a wrestling president. He died from cancer in Tehran, aged 61.

References

1954 births
2015 deaths
Iranian businesspeople
Deaths from cancer
Disease-related deaths in Iran
Iranian Muslims
People from Tehran
Izatullo Khayoyev

Izatullo Khayoyev (; 22 June 1936 – 26 April 2015) was a Tajik politician. He was the Vice-President of Tajikistan between December 1990 and 25 June 1991 and Prime Minister of Tajikistan between 25 June 1991 and 9 January 1992. He served as Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic from 4 January 1986 until 6 December 1990.

Khayoyev died on 26 April 2015 in Dushanbe, aged 78.

References

1936 births
2015 deaths
Prime Ministers of Tajikistan
Vice presidents
Macaé Esporte Futebol Clube

Macaé Esporte Futebol Clube (or Macaé E.F.C.) is a football club which plays in Brazil.

Achievements
Campeonato Brasileiro Série C: 1
2014

Campeonato Carioca Série B: 1
1998

Brazilian football clubs
1956 establishments in South America
1950s establishments in Brazil
Bill Farmer

William "Bill" Farmer (born November 14, 1952) is an American voice actor, comedian and impressionist. He is best known for being the current voice of the Disney character Goofy, since 1986. He also voices Pluto, Horace Horsecollar and many other Disney characters. He was born in Pratt, Kansas. At age 10 he was already doing voice impressions.  While in college he worked in radio and television. He worked as a stand-up comedian. In late 1986 he was one of hundreds of voice actors competing for a few roles at Disney studios. He got the voice acting job for Goofy, one of his favorite characters growing up. He has been the voice of Goofy ever since.  In 2009 Farmer was named a Disney Legend.

Filmography

Films

Television

Video games

Production credits

References 

1952 births
Living people
Actors from Kansas
Comedians from Kansas
American movie actors
American television actors
American video game actors
American voice actors
Marcel Pronovost

Joseph Rene Marcel Pronovost (June 15, 1930 – April 26, 2015) was a Canadian professional ice hockey defenceman and coach. He played in 1,206 games over 20 National Hockey League (NHL) seasons and for the Detroit Red Wings and Toronto Maple Leafs between 1950 and 1970.

Pronovost died on April 26, 2015, after a brief illness, aged 84.

References

Other websites

1930 births
2015 deaths
Canadian ice hockey players
Detroit Red Wings players
Disease-related deaths in Ontario
Sportspeople from Quebec
Toronto Maple Leafs players
Ontario Hockey League players
Ice hockey defencemen
Don Mankiewicz

Don Martin Mankiewicz (January 20, 1922 – April 25, 2015) was an American screenwriter and novelist. He was born in Berlin, Germany. He was the son of Sara (Aaronson) and the screenwriter Herman J. Mankiewicz. His 1955 novel Trial won the Harper Prize and was made into a movie of the same name.

Mankiewicz died of congestive heart failure in Monrovia, California, aged 93.

References

Other websites
 

1922 births
2015 deaths
American novelists
American screenwriters
American television writers
Cardiovascular disease deaths in California
Deaths from congestive heart failure
Writers from Berlin
Émile Bouchard

Joseph Émile Alcide "Butch" Bouchard, CM, CQ (September 4, 1919 – April 14, 2012) was a Canadian ice hockey player who played defence with the Montreal Canadiens in the National Hockey League from 1941 to 1956. He is a member of the Hockey Hall of Fame, won four Stanley Cups,  was captain of the Canadiens for eight years and was voted to the NHL All-Star Team four times.

Other websites

 
 NYTimes obituary

1919 births
2012 deaths
Canadian ice hockey defencemen
Hockey Hall of Fame inductees
Ice hockey people from Quebec
Montreal Canadiens players
Sportspeople from Montreal
Stanley Cup champions
American Hockey League players
Henri Richard

Joseph Henri Richard (February 29, 1936 – March 6, 2020) was a Canadian professional ice hockey player. He played centre with the Montreal Canadiens in the National Hockey League (NHL) from 1955 to 1975.

Richard died on March 6, 2020 in Laval, Quebec of Alzheimer's disease-related problems, aged 84.

References

Other websites

1936 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from Alzheimer's disease
Canadian ice hockey centres
Montreal Canadiens players
Sportspeople from Montreal
Inês Etienne Romeu

Inês Etienne Romeu (1942 – April 27, 2015) was a Brazilian political prisoner. She was held in extrajudicial detention in a Brazilian torture camp in the early 1970s. Romeu has been described as the sole captive to survive the camp. 

Romeu died in Niterói, Brazil at the age of 72.

References

1942 births
2015 deaths
Brazilian activists
Political prisoners
Larry Langford

Larry Paul Langford (March 17, 1946 – January 8, 2019) was an American politician and convicted criminal. He was the mayor of the city of Birmingham, Alabama serving from 2007 to 2009. He was serving a 15-year federal felony sentence at the time of his death.

Political life
He previously served on the Jefferson County, Alabama, Commission, including four years as the first African-American commission president. He also served as mayor of Fairfield, Alabama, and served one term on the Birmingham City Council.

Langford was a well-known television personality, having worked for then-local ABC affiliate, WBRC TV as the community's first African-American TV news reporter. In 2010, Langford began serving a 15-year federal felony sentence, the result of a highly publicized public corruption trial in Tuscaloosa, Alabama.

Prison time
On April 27, 2015, Langford transported from his prison in Ashland, Kentucky to a hospital due to a case of pneumonia. Langford was rejected for an early release after describing himself as "terminally-ill".

Death
He was granted compassionate release from prison in December 2018 due to his failing health and was hospitalized for respiratory failure and pneumonia in Birmingham. Langford died on January 8, 2019 at the hospital in Birmingham from complications of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, aged 72.

References

Other websites

 Official Birmingham website – Langford page 
 Larry Langford profile at Bhamwiki.com

1946 births
2019 deaths
Deaths from COPD
American mayors
American criminals
American television personalities
People from Fairfield, Alabama
Politicians from Birmingham, Alabama
Entertainers from Birmingham, Alabama
US Democratic Party politicians
Mary Jane Veloso

Mary Jane Veloso (born 1984/85) is a Filipino maid. She was arrested and sentenced to death for apparently smuggling 2.6 kg of heroin into Indonesia. She was denied a pardon many times. She also said that she was innocent, and worked in Malaysia and Dubai, United Arab Emirates.

Veloso was born in Nueva Ecija, Luzon. She was also once married and has two children.

References

1980s births
Living people
Drug traffickers
Filipino people
Princess Charlotte of Cambridge

Princess Charlotte of Cambridge (Charlotte Elizabeth Diana; born 2 May 2015) is a member of the British royal family. She is the daughter of Prince William, Duke of Cambridge, and Catherine, Duchess of Cambridge. She is the granddaughter of Charles, Prince of Wales. She is the great-granddaughter of Queen Elizabeth II. She was born at St Mary's Hospital in Paddington, London. Her mother's pregnancy was announced on 8 September 2014 by Clarence House. From birth, she was the fourth in line to succeed the Queen, Elizabeth II, after her grandfather, father, and older brother, Prince George of Cambridge. She is the first member of the royal family born after the change to the law on 26 March 2015 which removes gender from consideration in succession. Meaning she is higher in the line of succession than her younger brother, Prince Louis, the first time a female royal has been in that position.

References

2015 births
Living people
English Anglicans
House of Windsor
People from Paddington
Royalty from London
Andrew Lesnie

Andrew Lesnie  (1956 – 27 April 2015) was an Australian movie cinematographer. He was best known as the cinematographer for The Lord of the Rings trilogy (2001–2003) and its prequel The Hobbit trilogy (2012–2014), both directed by New Zealand director Peter Jackson. He received the Academy Award for Best Cinematography for his work on The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring in 2002. He also worked on I Am Legend (2007) and The Water Diviner (2014).

Lesnie was born in Sydney, New South Wales. He died from a heart attack on 27 April 2015 in Sydney, aged 59.

References

Other websites
 

1956 births
2015 deaths
Academy Award winners
Australian filmmakers
BAFTA Award winners
Cardiovascular disease deaths in Australia
Cinematographers
Deaths from myocardial infarction
People from Sydney
Tommy Shane Steiner

Tommy Shane Steiner (born October 9, 1973 in Austin, Texas) is an American country music artist. He made his debut in 2001 with the single "What If She's an Angel". The song reached No. 2 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks charts. It was the first of three chart singles from his singular album Then Came the Night which was released in 2002. The album peaked at No. 6 on the Country Albums chart.

Discography
Studio albums
 Then Came the Night (2002)

Singles
"What If She's an Angel" (2001)

Related pages 

List of country musicians from Texas

Sources 

1973 births
Living people
Environmental migration

Environmental migration is a form of migration which happens because the environment changes where people live. These changes can be sudden (such as floods, droughts, earthquakes or volcanic eruptions), or they can happen over longer periods of time. An example of changes that occur only slowly are those of desertification or the rise of the sea level. 

People migrate due to the changes in their environment, and the find a new home. Did you know that Chinese people just migrated when there was the Coronavirus in China.

Despite problems in formulating a uniform and clear-cut definition of environmental migration, such a concept has increased as an issue of concern in the 2000s as policy-makers, environmental and social scientists attempt to conceptualize the potential societal effects of climate change and general environmental degradation. "Unless it is assumed" in order to consider a person a climate refugee, nature or the environment could be considered the persecutor.
Forced migration
Economic migration

Sometimes people move to a different county or region, because they think that they are economically better off. Economic migration happens for different reasons, for example:
People think they have a better chance of finding a job
They get paid more
Social security is better in the new place
They pay less taxes

Migration
Ms. Jackson

"Ms. Jackson" is a song by American alternative hip hop duo Outkast. The song was released in October 2006 . It was the second single on their fourth studio album Stankonia. During an interview with Vibe, André 3000 said about creating the song: "'Ms. Jackson' was an acoustic guitar song that I was doing at home. Then I just converted it over into something people could understand a little bit more."

On the Billboard charts, "Ms. Jackson" was able to peak at #1 on Hot 100, #1 on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs, and at #13 on the Mainstream Top 40 charts.

In 2006, the song won a Grammy Award in the category of Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group.

References

Other websites

2000 songs
Grammy Award winning songs
Hip hop songs
Keith Harris (ventriloquist)

Keith Shenton Harris (21 September 1947 – 28 April 2015) was an English ventriloquist.

Harris was best known for his television show (which ran between 1982 and 1990), audio recordings, and club appearances with his puppets Orville the Duck and Cuddles the Monkey. He had a UK Top 10 hit single in 1982 with "Orville's Song". He appeared in When Louis Met... with Louis Theroux. He won the second series of The Farm in 2005.

Harris was born in Lyndhurst, Hampshire. He was raised in Blacon, Cheshire. He was married four times and had three children.

Harris died from cancer of the spleen on 28 April 2015 in Blackpool, Lancashire, aged 67.

References

Other websites
 
 

1947 births
2015 deaths
Cancer deaths in England
English television presenters
Puppeteers
Reality show winners
Television personalities from Cheshire
Television personalities from Hampshire
S-train

The S-train (, ) is an urban rail network which serves Copenhagen, Denmark and the surrounding area. It connects the city center to its suburbs. The railway they use is called S-banen (The S-track). The S-train is operated by DSB (). The S-track has a length of about . There are 84 Railway stations, where 32 of the stations are in the central area. 

On weekdays all stations are served at least every 10 minutes until the evening. There are six main lines. There is one peak hour support line. Since most lines use the same path through the city core, train departures every second minute. On most suburb lines trains depart every five minutes. On Sundays these time intervals are doubled. Most trains have 8 cars but more can be added as needed. There are a total of 120 8-car trains.

References 

Rail transport in Europe
Princess Gabriella, Countess of Carladès

Princess Gabriella of Monaco, Countess of Carladès (Gabriella Thérèse Marie; born 10 December 2014), is the twin daughter of Prince Albert II and Princess Charlene. She is second in line to the throne of Monaco. She was born at The Princess Grace Hospital Centre in Monaco. She was born two minutes before her twin brother, Hereditary Prince Jacques. She was granted the title Countess of Carladès by her father.

Titles and styles

"Her Serene Highness The Countess of Carladès".

References

|-

|-

2014 births
Living people
House of Grimaldi
Earls and countesses
Templers (religious believers)

Templers are members of the Temple Society (). It is a German Protestant sect. Their roots are in the Pietist movement of the Lutheran Church. The Templers were expelled from the church in 1858. This was because of their millennial beliefs. Their aim was to realize the apocalyptic visions of the prophets of Israel in the Holy Land.

Christoph Hoffmann founded the Temple society in 1861. He had 60 followers when they left the Wuerttemberg state (Lutheran) church. Hoffmann believed his calling was to build Christian communities in the Holy land. They founded Templer communities at Haifa (1869), Sarona (1871) and Rephaim near Jerusalem (1873).

References 

Christian denominations
1861 establishments
Capitalist Party

The Capitalist Party (Norwegian: Liberalistene) is a political party in Norway that believes in Classical Liberalism. This platform pushes for a minimal government, personal liberty, and a free market.

Liberal parties
Political parties in Norway
2014 establishments in Europe
21st-century establishments in Norway
Briard

The Briard (or Berger de Brie, Shepherd (dog) from Brie) is a French kind of dog. Originally, the Briard was used for herding livestock. The Briard is an old race of dogs, which is mentioned in a manuscript of the 14th century (about hunting). The Briards exist in different colors, the most common ones are pale brown and black. The Briard is a long-haired breed of dog; the short-haired Beauceron is probably the same race. The Briard is a working dog breed; it has also been used as a search-and-rescue dog, and in certain roles as a therapy dog, for example to help people with certain conditions, such as those with Post-traumatic stress disorder.

Working dogs
ARCNET

Attached Resource Computer NETwork (abbreviated ARCNET or ARCnet) is a communications protocol for local area networks. ARCNET was the first widely available networking system for microcomputers; it became popular in the 1980s for office automation tasks. It was later applied to embedded systems where certain features of the protocol are especially useful. It was first used in 1977. Arcnet uses a star-like topology, which is much easier to build and maintain than the bus topologies of other protocols developed later, such asEthernet. Original arcnet used coaxial cables, and a token-passing mechanism, much like token ring. At about 20 MBit/s maximum speed, ARCnet is much slower than other network protocols, such as ethernet. Because of its token-passing mechanisms, there are no collisions between packets. This makes it suitable for certain industrial applications, as well as for ohme automation, where it is still used.

Computer networking
Suzanne Crough

Suzanne J. Crough (March 6, 1963 – April 27, 2015) was an American actress best known for her role as Tracy Partridge, from the hit television sitcom The Partridge Family, which ran from September 25, 1970 until March 23, 1974.

Crough was born in Fullerton, California. She was married and had two daughters.

Crough died on April 27, 2015 at her home in Laughlin, Nevada from cardiomyopathy, aged 52.

References

Other websites

 

1963 births
2015 deaths
Deaths from cardiomyopathy
Actors from Orange County, California
American child actors
American television actors
American voice actors
Disease-related deaths in Nevada
Candice Swanepoel

Candice Susan Swanepoel is a South African model.

Career
In 2010, Swanepoel became a Victoria's Secret Angel. In 2013, she wore the "Royal Fantasy Bra", a multi-million dollar bra, during their annual fashion show.

References

1988 births
Living people
Afrikaner people
South African models
Airbus A320neo family

The Airbus A320neo family is a new family of the Airbus A320 family being designed by the European aerospace company Airbus. The letters "neo" stand for "New Engine Option." The family will replace the Airbus A320 family of airplanes. It will be able to carry 160-240 passengers. The aircraft had its first flight on 25 September 2014.

References

Airbus aircraft
2015 Baltimore protests

The 2015 Baltimore unrest (also known as the Baltimore uprising) were protests that began on April 25, 2015 in Baltimore, Maryland. The protests happened in response to the death of an African American man named Freddie Gray. Gray was 25 years old. He lived in Baltimore. He had been arrested for having a switchblade. He was in good health when he was arrested. Later, he had injuries to his spine and larynx as a result of being improperly secured in the police fan, ultimately leading to a coma. He died the following week.

Over 200 people were arrested. A state of emergency was declared in Baltimore. The city was later put under curfew.

References

2015 crimes in the United States
2015 in Baltimore
Riots in the United States
Scarborough, Western Australia

Scarborough is a coastal suburb on the northern beaches of Perth, Western Australia.

Scarborough Beach is a popular beach in Western Australia. The beach has white sand made of sea shells and limestone. This makes the sand fine, not coarse.  There is seaweed and reefs further out into the ocean waters.

To the south is Brighton Beach, and further to the north is Trigg Beach. Scarborough has full-time surfing and lifeguard volunteers present, throughout the warm and hot summer months.

References 

Suburbs of Perth, Western Australia
Guy LeBlanc

Guy LeBlanc (October 16, 1960 – April 27, 2015) was a Canadian keyboardist and composer. He led his own progressive rock band Nathan Mahl. He also had been a member of the British progressive band Camel from 2000 until his death.

LeBlanc was born in Moncton, New Brunswick. He was married and had children.

LeBlanc died from kidney cancer on April 27, 2015, aged 54.

References

Other websites

 

1960 births
2015 deaths
Canadian composers
Cancer deaths in Canada
Deaths from kidney cancer
Keyboardists
People from New Brunswick
Antônio Abujamra

Antônio Abujamra (15 September 1932 – 28 April 2015) was a Brazilian theatre and television director and actor. His notable works included Carlota Joaquina, Princess of Brazil (1995), Terra Nostra (1999), Villa-Lobos: A Life of Passion (2000), Começar de Novo (2004), Poder Paralelo (2009), Assalto ao Banco Central (2011), Brichos – A Floresta é Nossa (2012) and Corações Feridos (2012)

Abujamra was born in 1932 in Ourinhos, São Paulo. He was of Lebanese ancestry. He majored in journalism and philosophy at the Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul in 1957. His son is musician André Abujamra (born 1965).

Abujamra died from a heart attack on 28 April 2015 in São Paulo, aged 82.

References

Other websites

 

1932 births
2015 deaths
Brazilian critics
Brazilian movie actors
Brazilian television actors

Deaths from myocardial infarction
Disease-related deaths in Brazil
People from São Paulo
Brazilian stage actors
Television directors
Brazilian television presenters
Brazilian theatre directors
Seed drill

A seed drill is a sowing device that sows the seed precisely in the soil at proper depth and distance. Then it covers them with soil. It protects the seeds from birds and saves time and labour.

 Jethro Tull is widely thought of as having invented the seed drill, though earlier the Sumerians used a single-tube seed drill, and the Chinese had also used a multi-tube seed drill.  The use of a seed drill can improve the ratio of crop yield (seeds harvested per seed planted) by as much as nine times.

References 

Agricultural machinery
Behaviour therapy

Behaviour therapy is used for a number of methods of psychotherapy. Ivan Pavlov found that it is possible to "learn" how to react to a stimulus. His method is known as classical conditioning today. Behaviour therapy tries to use this knowledge to change the behaviour of people. In that way, people "learn" how to cope with their fears, for example. In a similar manner, people can be helped to cope with a number of mental disorders. One well known kind of behaviour therapy is exposure therapy: People with fears are "exposed" to them, and learn how to cope. As an example, someone who is afraid of spiders will be exposed to spiders.

Types of behavioural therapy 
There are a number of different types of behavioural therapy. The type of therapy used can depend on a variety of factors, including the condition being treated and the severity of the person's symptoms.

 Applied behaviour analysis uses operant conditioning to shape and modify problematic behaviours.
 Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) relies on behavioural techniques, but adds a cognitive element, focusing on the problematic thoughts behind behaviours.
 Dialectical behavioural therapy (DBT) is a form of CBT that utilizes both behavioural and cognitive techniques to help people learn to manage their emotions, cope with distress, and improve interpersonal relationships.
 Aversion therapy is often used to treat problems such as substance abuse and alcoholism.

References 

Medicine
Otakar Krámský

Otakar Krámský (1 July 1959 – 25 April 2015) was a Czech hillclimbing racecar driver. He began his career during the early 1970s. He won three European Hill Climb Championship. 

Krámský died after his racecar crashed during a race in Styria, Austria, aged 55.

Other websites

 Oficial website

1959 births
2015 deaths
Czech sportspeople
Deaths in sport
Jean Nidetch

Jean Nidetch (born Jean Evelyn Slutsky, October 12, 1923 – April 29, 2015) was an American businesswoman. She was the co-founder of the Weight Watchers organization. She founded the organization in 1963.

Nidetch died on April 29, 2015, in Parkland, Florida at age 91.

References

1923 births
2015 deaths
Businesspeople from New York City
Rodrigo Gularte

Rodrigo Muxfeldt Gularte (13 July 1972, Foz do Iguaçu, Brazil – 29 April 2015, Central Java, Indonesia) was a Brazilian drug-trafficker. He was executed in Indonesia by firing squad for drug trafficking after being sentenced in 2006.

References

1972 births
2015 deaths
Brazilian people
Drug dealers
Jack Ely

Jack Ely (September 11, 1943 – April 27, 2015) was an American guitarist and singer. He was best known for singing the Kingsmen's version of "Louie Louie". Ely was born in Portland, Oregon.

Ely died at his Oregon farm residence on April 27, 2015 age 71, having long suffered from an unknown illness. "Because of his religious beliefs, we’re not even sure what it [the illness] was," his son Sean Ely said.

References

1943 births
2015 deaths
American guitarists
Singers from Portland, Oregon
Musicians from Portland, Oregon
Verne Gagne

Laverne Clarence "Verne" Gagne (February 26, 1926 – April 27, 2015) was an American professional wrestler, football player, wrestling trainer, and wrestling promoter. He was the owner and promoter of the Minneapolis, Minnesota-based American Wrestling Association (AWA). He remained in this position until 1991, when the company folded.

Death of Helmut Gutmann
On January 26, 2009, Gagne got into an altercation with Helmut Gutmann, a 97-year-old resident of the Bloomington, Minnesota facility where they both resided. According to Gutmann's widow, who was not present during the altercation, Gagne picked Gutmann up and hurled him to the floor, then broke his hip by pulling back on his body. Gutmann was admitted to the hospital, and died on February 14 from complications of the injury. 

On February 25, 2009, the older man's death was officially ruled a homicide by the Hennepin County medical examiner's office.

Death
On the night of April 27, 2015, Gagne died in Bloomington, Minnesota at the age of 89 from Alzheimer's disease.

References

Other websites
Professional Wrestling Hall of Fame Profile of Verne Gagne 
WWE Hall of Fame Profile of Verne Gagne

1926 births
2015 deaths
American wrestlers
American football players
Deaths from Alzheimer's disease
Disease-related deaths in Minnesota
American murderers
Sportspeople from Minnesota
Xu Guangxian

Xu Guangxian (; November 7, 1920 – April 28, 2015), was a Chinese chemist and academician of the Chinese Academy of Science. He was former president of the Chinese Chemical Society. He was known as "The Father of Chinese Rare Earths Chemistry".

References

1920 births
2015 deaths
Chinese chemists
Chinese educators
Gene Fullmer

Gene Fullmer (July 21, 1931 – April 27, 2015) was an American middleweight boxer and world champion. Fullmer began his professional career in 1951 and won his first 29 fights, 19 by knockout. His manager during many years of his career was his mentor, Marv Jensen, who encouraged many youth in West Jordan, Utah, to enter boxing as amateurs.

On April 27, 2015, Fullmer died at the age of 83 in his home in West Jordan, Utah surrounded by friends and family.

References

1931 births
2015 deaths
American boxers
Sportspeople from Utah
Calvin Peete

Calvin Peete (July 18, 1943 – April 29, 2015) was an American professional golfer. He was the most successful African-American on the PGA Tour, with 12 wins, before Tiger Woods. Peete was born in Detroit, Michigan.

Peete died after a long battle with lung cancer, in Atlanta, Georgia on April 29, 2015, aged 71.

References

Other websites

Calvin Peete Golf Companies

1943 births
2015 deaths
Deaths from lung cancer
American golfers
Sportspeople from Detroit, Michigan
René Féret

René Féret (26 May 1945 – 28 April 2015) was a French actor, screenwriter, movie director and producer. He was known for his movie Solemn Communion.

References

Other websites

1945 births
2015 deaths
French movie directors
French movie producers
French screenwriters
French movie actors
Ashura Hara

(January 8, 1947April 28, 2015) was a Japanese rugby player and professional wrestler. He was better known by his ring name .

On April 28, 2015, Hara died from pneumonia in a hospital in Isahaya, Nagasaki.

References

1947 births
2015 deaths
Deaths from pneumonia
Japanese sportspeople
People from Nagasaki Prefecture
Japanese professional wrestlers
Rugby union players
Charles Martel

Charles Martel (c. 688 – 22 October 741) was a Frankish statesman and military leader who was Duke and Prince of the Franks. He was also Mayor of the Palace. Martel was the de facto ruler of Francia from 718 until his death. Martel was the illegitimate son of the Frankish statesman Pepin of Herstal. His mother was a noblewoman named Alpaida. Martel successfully asserted his claims as successor to his father as Mayor of the Palace. He continued and built on his father's work. He began the series of military campaigns that re-established Frankish power in Gaul. In foreign wars, Martel defeated and ruled Bavaria, Alemannia, and Frisia. He defeated the Saxons, and halted the Islamic advance into Western Europe at the Battle of Tours in 732.

Martel is considered to be the founding figure of the European Middle Ages. He was skilled as an administrator and warrior. Martel is often credited with a key role in the development of feudalism and knighthood. He was a great patron of Saint Boniface. Martel made the first attempt at reconciliation between the Papacy and the Franks. The Pope wished him to become the defender of the Holy See and offered him the Roman consulship. Martel refused the offer.

Although Martel never assumed the title of king, he divided Francia, like a king, between his sons Carloman and Pepin. The latter became the first of the Carolingians, the family of Charles Martel, to become king. Martel's grandson, Charlemagne, extended the Frankish realms to include much of the West. Charlemagne became the first Emperor since the fall of Rome. On the basis of his achievements, Martel laid the groundwork for the Carolingian Empire.

References 

680s births
Kings and Queens of France
Frankish rulers
Carolingian dynasty
History of Germany
History of France
Deng Minghe

Deng Minghe (; 8 June 2006 – 28 April 2015) was a Chinese actor of yu opera. He was best known for opening the 2012 CCTV New Year's Gala on China Central Television (CCTV), performing a folk song. He also appeared in the Henan Television series Liyuanchun in 2010. He was born in Handan, Hebei.

Deng died from leukemia on 28 April 2015 in Beijing, aged 8. He had the disease once before and recovered after five rounds of chemotherapy in 2013. However, in February 2015, his condition got worse.

References

2006 births
2015 deaths
Child actors
Chinese movie actors
Deaths from leukemia
Chinese stage actors
Emil Doepler

Emil Doepler the younger (29 October 1855 – 21 December 1922) was an illustrator, painter and teacher. Today he is seen as one of the people who influenced the Art Nouveau movement. Emil Doepler's father was Carl Emil Doepler. Doepler designed the coat of arms of the Weimar Republic.

Related pages

List of German painters

1855 births
1922 deaths
German painters
German illustrators
Matthias Kuhle

Matthias Kuhle (20 April 1948 – 25 April 2015) was a German geographer. He was also a professor at the University of Göttingen in Göttingen. He edited the book series Geography International published by Shaker Verlag.

Kuhle was born in Berlin. He died in an earthquake on 25 April 2015 in the village of Saurpani, Gorkha, Nepal. He was 67.

References

1948 births
2015 deaths
Accidental deaths
German educators
European geographers
Scientists from Berlin
Writers from Berlin
Marty Napoleon

Marty Napoleon (June 2, 1921 – April 27, 2015) was an American jazz pianist. He was best known for having replaced Earl Hines in Louis Armstrong's All Stars in 1952. He also worked with Gene Krupa, Phil Napoleon, Teddy Napoleon, Charlie Ventura, Kai Winding and Rex Stewart.

Napoleon was born in Brooklyn, New York City to Italian immigrants from Sicily. He died on April 27, 2015 in Glen Cove, Long Island, aged 93.

References

1921 births
2015 deaths
American jazz musicians
American pianists
Jazz pianists
Musicians from Brooklyn
Synthetic genomics

Synthetic genomics is a type of genetic engineering. It makes genes which never occur in nature.

Synthetic genomics does not use naturally occurring genes. It may use custom-designed base pair series. In the future, it might use genetic codes that are not composed of the two base pairs of DNA currently used by life forms.

Synthetic genomics uses techniques from genetics research. Researchers can make long base pair chains cheaply and accurately on a large scale. This allows them to do experiments on genomes which do not exist in nature. They also use ideas in protein folding and high-end computing facilities. 

The J. Craig Venter Institute is working in this field. The team of about 20 researchers is led by  Nobel laureate Hamilton Smith, DNA researcher Craig Venter and microbiologist Clyde A. Hutchison III. The Venter group has put together a semi-synthetic Mycoplasma genitalium bacterial genome by recombination of 25 overlapping fragments. This was done in a single step: 
"The use of yeast recombination greatly simplifies the assembly of large DNA molecules from both synthetic and natural fragments". 

Geneticists have made the first synthetic chromosome for yeast. "The genes in the original chromosome were replaced with synthetic versions and the finished man-made chromosome was then successfully integrated into a yeast cell".

Other companies, including one called Synthetic Genomics (company), have been formed to take advantage of the many commercial uses of custom designed genomes.

References 

Genetic engineering
Ray Jackson (activist)

Ray Jackson (1941 – 23 April 2015) was an Australian Aboriginal activist and Wiradjuri elder. He was President of the Indigenous Social Justice Association (ISJA). He was a notable campaigner for the rights of Indigenous Australians. He was a member of the Stolen Generations.

Jackson died on 23 April 2015 in the suburb of Sydney of Waterloo, New South Wales. He was 74.

References

1941 births
2015 deaths
Human rights activists
Indigenous Australian activists
People from Sydney
Gopulu

S. Gopalan, pen-name Gopulu (18 June 1924 – 29 April 2015), was an Indian illustrator and cartoonist. He was best known for his work for the Tamil humour magazine Ananda Vikatan.

Gopulu was born in Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu. He died on 29 April 2015, aged 91. His son outlived him.

References

1924 births
2015 deaths
Cartoonists
Illustrators
People from Tamil Nadu
Tamil people
St. Clement Parish (Ottawa)

St. Clement Parish is a bilingual Roman Catholic parish community in Ottawa, Canada. It is within the Archdiocese of Ottawa. St. Clement is run by the Priestly Fraternity of Saint Peter. It was the first parish in the world to be authorized to celebrate the Mass and other sacraments in Latin only. This is according to the liturgical norms of the 1962 Roman Missal. These norms were ended in the 1960s. Since June 3, 2012, St. Clement Parish operates out of St. Anne Church in Lowertown.

History
Before the 1960s, Catholics all over the world prayed together in Latin. In the 1960s, the leaders of the Catholic Church decided that Catholics should pray together using their mother tongue instead of using Latin. Some Catholics still wanted to use Latin when they prayed together. A group of these Catholics were in Ottawa and asked Bishop Joseph-Aurèle Plourde to let them pray together in Latin. He said that they could. The group started to meet together in 1968.

When these Catholics started to meet together, they met at Precious Blood Sisters' Monastery. This was a large home for nuns. In 1984, the nuns could not share their home with them anymore. The group moved to a small building and called themselves St. Clement Latin Community. They stayed in the new building until 1993. At that time they were able to get a church building of their own. The new church was on Mann Avenue in the Sandy Hill neighborhood.

In 2011, Bishop Terrence Prendergast asked St. Clement Parish if they wanted to move into Ste-Anne Church. Ste-Anne Church was an old church building that was important to the history of Ottawa. The parish started to meet at Ste-Anne Church on June 3, 2012.

Marie Reine du Canada Pilgrimage
The St. Clement Parish also runs an event called Marie Reine du Canada Pilgrimage. During this pilgrimage, people walk 100 km from Saint-Joseph-de-Lanoraie to the church of Notre-Dame du Cap in Trois-Rivières. It is based on a similar pilgrimage from Notre-Dame de Paris to Chartres Cathedral in France.

References

Other websites

St. Clement parish website
Marie Reine du Canada Pilgrimage 

Ottawa
Religion in Canada
Talossan language

Talossan is a constructed language created for the micronation the Kingdom of Talossa. In Talossan the language is called Talossan.

Other websites
 Talossan.com

Constructed languages