cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Aconcagua River

The Aconcagua River is a river that flows from east to west through the Valparaíso region in north central Chile and flows into the Pacific Ocean  north of Valparaíso.

Although it has the same name, the Aconcagua river does not starts in the slopes of Aconcagua, which is in Argentina about  from the beginning of the river, in Chilean territory.

Geography

The Aconcagua river has a length of , and a drainage basin with an area of approximately .

Course
The Aconcagua river starts on the Andes at an elevation of about , at the confluence of two rivers:
 Juncal river, that starts in the Nevado Juncal mountain; it is  long.
 Blanco river, that is  long.

From its start, the river flows through the Aconcagua valley. Before the city of Los Andes, the river is joined, as a right tributary, by the Colorado river,  long, and then, after the city of San Felipe, by the Putaendo river, also a right tributary with a length of .

The river keeps flowing to the west, running through the cities of La Calera and Quillota, in the Quillota province. Finally, the Aconcagua river flows in the Pacific Ocean at the city of Concón, in the Valparaíso province.

Main tributaries 
The main tributaries of the Aconcagua river are:

Left tributaries:
 Estero Los Loros - 18 km

Right tributaries:
 Colorado- 58 km
 Putaendo - 34 km
 Estero Quilpué - 47 km
 Estero Limache

Related pages
 List of rivers of Chile

References

Other websites
 
 Cuenca Río Aconcagua  
 Saneamiento de los ríos Aconcagua y La Ligua  

Rivers of Chile
Andrei Gromyko

Andrei Andreyevich Gromyko was a Soviet statesman during the Cold War. He was responsible for many top decisions on Soviet foreign policy.

Decorations and awards
 Twice Hero of Socialist Labour
 7 Orders of Lenin
 Order of the Red Banner
 Order of the Badge of Honour
 Lenin Prize

References

1909 births
1989 deaths
Ambassadors of the Soviet Union
Heads of state
Russian communists
Soviet politicians
Recipients of the Order of Lenin
Luis Carrero Blanco

Luis Carrero Blanco, 1st Duke of Carrero Blanco, Grandee of Spain (4 March 1904 – 20 December 1973) was a Spanish admiral. He was a trusted associate of dictator Francisco Franco. He was assassinated by a member of ETA, a Basque group.

References

1904 births
1973 deaths
Admirals
Anti-Communists
Assassinated people
Prime Ministers of Spain
Spanish military people
Spanish Roman Catholics
Lon Nol

Marshal Lon Nol (, also ; 13 November 1913 – 17 November 1985) was a Cambodian politician and military leader. He led a coup against Prince Norodom Sihanouk in 1970. Nol made himself President of the newly created Khmer Republic. 

The Khmer Rouge took leadership of Cambodia. Lon Nol fled from Cambodia to Indonesia and then to the United States.

References

1913 births
1985 deaths
Anti-Communists
Asian military people
Buddhists
Government ministers
People of the Vietnam War
Heads of state of Cambodia
Prime Ministers of Cambodia
Hu Yaobang

Hu Yaobang (20 November 1915 – 15 April 1989) was a Chinese politician and a high-ranking official of the People's Republic of China.

Hu Yaobang was a political ally of Deng Xiaoping. They fought together in the Chinese Civil War. Both were part of the communist force that took power of Sichuan in 1949. Hu became the leader of the Communist Youth League from 1952–1966.

During the Cultural Revolution, Hu Yaobang was said to not be true to the Communist Party of China and Mao Zedong. He was rehabilitated twice. He was an important supporter of Deng Xiaoping's rise to power.

Hu Yaobang's death in 1989 was a cause for the Tiananmen Square protests.

References

1915 births
1989 deaths
General Secretaries of the Communist Party of China
Deaths from cardiovascular disease
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Gennady Yanayev

Gennady Ivanovich Yanayev was a Soviet politician.

Yanayev held several political positions. He served during the rules of Khrushchev, Brezhnev, Andropov and Chernenko. With the help of Mikhail Gorbachev, Yanayev was elected the first and only Vice President of the Soviet Union. He later led the "Gang of Eight" to depose Gorbachev. The coup ended after 3 days. Yanayev was arrested. In 1994 he was pardoned by the State Duma.

Decorations and awards
 Order of the Red Banner of Labour, twice
 Order of the Badge of Honour, twice

1937 births
2010 deaths
Russian communists
Tinnitus

Tinnitus is a symptom of hearing loss and other hearing problems. It is described as hearing sound in the head or ears that does not come from an outside source. Many people will hear ringing, buzzing, hissing or whistling sounds, but tinnitus can be other sounds such as roaring and humming as well.  

Different people will hear different sounds from tinnitus but how they hear it can also be different. Tinnitus can be loud or quiet and it can be continuous or occasional and some people will not notice their tinnitus but some people become very annoyed from it, especially when then feel tired or stressed.
 
There are many things that can cause people to get tinnitus. These are the main reasons:
Listening to loud noises 
Extreme stress
Old age 
Some diseases 
Some medicines

Treatments and therapies 
People of different range of age can develop tinnitus. It is not a disorder but the symptom of some underlying health condition.

People with tinnitus may take part in yoga, exercise regularly, perform sound therapies or join a tinnitus community .  Playing a faint background noise in the background also helps in keeping the phantom noise at bay.

References

Other websites 
 National Hearing Care Find an audiologist in Australia and get more information on hearing problems.
 Bay Audiology Find an audiologist in New Zealand and get more information on the hearing problem. 

Hearing
Health problems
Symptoms
Ernest Bevin

Ernest Bevin was a British statesman, trade union leader, and Labour politician. Bevin strongly opposed Communism. He helped in the creation of NATO.

References

1881 births
1951 deaths
Anti-Communists
Baptists
British people of World War II
English Protestants
Former Labour Party (UK) MPs
Former members of the British House of Commons for English constituencies
Politicians from Somerset
Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom
Secretaries of State of the United Kingdom
Trade unionists
UK MPs 1935–1945
UK MPs 1945–1950
UK MPs 1950–1951
Hellenistic period

The Hellenistic period in Ancient Greece (323–146 BC) was the time period between the death of Alexander the Great when the generals of Alexander created their own empires and the Roman conquest of mainland Greece. 

During this era: Greek culture, art and power expanded all over the Eastern Mediterranean (including Anatolia, Egypt, the Levant and the Balkans). Of all the Hellenistic empires that were established, the Seleucid Empire was the largest. The Ptolemaic dynasty in Egypt is the most famous and the longest lasting due to its famous Library of Alexandria and members like Cleopatra VII.

Ancient Greece
Frankfurt Universe

The Frankfurt Universe are a German American football team from Frankfurt, Hesse.

The club was formed in 2007. Previously Frankfurt had the NFL Europa team Frankfurt Galaxy. In late 2014 the club announced that it had purchased the rights for the Galaxy name. Once again they played under the name Frankfurt Galaxy. In the official 2015 table of the German Football League however the team is still listed as Frankfurt Universe. It was renamed again as Frankfurt Universe in 2016.

Starting in 2015 the team plays at Frankfurter Volksbank Stadion, home ground of association football team FSV Frankfurt.

The team won the GFL 2 south in 2015 with a perfect season. They earned a promotion to the GFL after the eighth placed GFL team, the Franken Knights, withdrew from the promotion/relegation round.

Honours
The team's honours:
 German Bowl
 Runners-up: 2018
 EFL Bowl
 Champions: 2016
 Eurobowl
 Runners-up: 2017, 2018
 German Football League – Southern Division
 Runners-up: 2016, 2017
 League membership: 2016–present
 German Football League 2 – Southern Division
 Champions: 2015
 Runners-up: 2012, 2013

References

Other websites
 Official Website  
 German Football League official website  
 Football History  Historic American football tables from Germany

2007 establishments in Germany

American football
Frankfurt
Sport in Hesse
Sports clubs
Arrondissements of the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence department

There are 4 arrondissements in the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence department. The French departments, and in other countries, are divided into arrondissements, which may be translated into English as districts (in some cases, as boroughs). The capital of an arrondissement is called a subprefecture.

If the prefecture (capital) of the department is in an arrondissement, that prefecture is the capital of the arrondissement, acting both as a prefecture and as a subprefecture.

Arrondissements are further divided into communes.

The arrondissements of the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence are:

History
Since its creation, the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence department has had few changes:
 1790 : creation of the department with five districts: Barcelonnette, Castellane, Digne, Forcalquier and Sisteron; the capital was Digne.
 1800 : creation of five arrondissements: Barcelonnette, Castellane, Digne, Forcalquier and Sisteron.
 1926 : the arrondissements of Castellane and Sisteron were eliminated.
 1942 : Castellane was made again an arrondissement.

Related pages
List of arrondissements of France

References

Alpes-de-Haute-Provence
Arrondissement of Barcelonnette

The arrondissement of Barcelonnette is an arrondissement of France, in the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence department, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region. Its capital is the city of Barcelonnette.

History
When the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence department was created on 1800, the arrondissement of Barcelonnette was part of that original department.

Geography
The arrondissement of Barcelonnette is in the northeast of the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence department. It is bordered to the northeast by Italy, to the southeast by the Alpes-Maritimes department, to the south by the Castellane and Digne-les-Baines arrondissements and to the west and north by the Hautes-Alpes department.

The arrondissement of Barcelonnette is the smallest arrondissement of the department both in area, , and population (8,004 inhabitants).

Composition

Cantons
After the reorganisation of the cantons in France, cantons are not subdivisions of the arrondissements so they could have communes that belong to different arrondissements.

There is only one canton in the arrondissement of Barcelonnette, with all its communes in the arrondissement: the canton of Barcelonnette  (0401).

Communes
The arrondissement of Barcelonnette has 14 communes; they are (with their INSEE codes)ː

 
 Barcelonnette (04019)
 Ubaye-Serre-Ponçon (04033)
 La Condamine-Châtelard (04062)
 Enchastrayes (04073)
 Faucon-de-Barcelonnette (04086)
 Jausiers (04096)
 Le Lauzet-Ubaye (04102)
 Val-d'Oronaye (04120)
 Pontis (04154)
 Méolans-Revel (04161)
 Saint-Paul-sur-Ubaye (04193)
 Saint-Pons (04195)
 Les Thuiles (04220)
 Uvernet-Fours (04226)
 

The communes with more inhabitants in the arrondissement are:

Related pages
 Arrondissements of the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence department
 List of arrondissements of France

References

Barcelonnette
Arrondissement of Castellane

The arrondissement of Castellane is an arrondissement of France, in the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence department, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region. Its capital is the city of Castellane.

History
When the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence department was created on 1800, the arrondissement of Castellane was part of that original department.

The arrondissement was eliminated in 1926 but became again an arrondissement in 1952.

Geography
The arrondissement of Castellane is in eastern Alpes-de-Haute-Provence. It is bordered to the north by the arrondissement of Barcelonnette, to the east by the Alpes-Maritimes department, to the south by the Var department and to the west by the arrondissement of Digne-les-Bains.

The arrondissement of Castellane is the second smallest arrondissement of the department, after the arrondissement of Barcelonnette,  both in area, , and population (9,493 inhabitants).

Composition

Cantons
After the reorganisation of the cantons in France, cantons are not subdivisions of the arrondissements so they could have communes that belong to different arrondissements.

There is only one canton in the arrondissement of Castellane, with all its communes in the arrondissement: the canton of Castellane  (0402).

Communes
The arrondissement of Castellane has 41 communes; they are (with their INSEE codes)ː

 Allons (04005)
 Allos (04006)
 Angles (04007)
 Annot (04008)
 Barrême (04022)
 Beauvezer (04025)
 Blieux (04030)
 Braux (04032)
 Castellane (04039)
 Castellet-lès-Sausses (04042)
 Val-de-Chalvagne (04043)
 Chaudon-Norante (04055)
 Clumanc (04059)
 Colmars (04061)
 Demandolx (04069)
 Entrevaux (04076)
 Le Fugeret (04090)
 La Garde (04092)
 Lambruisse (04099)
 Méailles (04115)
 Moriez (04133)
 La Mure-Argens (04136)
 La Palud-sur-Verdon (04144)
 Peyroules (04148)
 La Rochette (04170)
 Rougon (04171)
 Saint-André-les-Alpes (04173)
 Saint-Benoît (04174)
 Saint-Jacques (04180)
 Saint-Julien-du-Verdon (04183)
 Saint-Lions (04187)
 Saint-Pierre (04194)
 Sausses (04202)
 Senez (04204)
 Soleilhas (04210)
 Tartonne (04214)
 Thorame-Basse (04218)
 Thorame-Haute (04219)
 Ubraye (04224)
 Vergons (04236)
 Villars-Colmars (04240)

The communes with more inhabitants in the arrondissement are:

Related pages
 Arrondissements of the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence department
 List of arrondissements of France

References

Castellane
Arrondissement of Digne-les-Bains

The arrondissement of Digne-les-Bains is an arrondissement of France, in the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence department, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region. Its capital, and prefecture of the department, is the city of Digne-les-Bains.

History
When the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence department was created on 1800, the arrondissement of Digne-les-Bains was part of that original department.

Geography
The arrondissement of Digne-les-Bains is in the central part of the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence department. It is bordered to the north by the arrondissement of Barcelonnette, to the east by the  arrondissement of Castellane, to the south by the Var department and to the west by the arrondissement of Forcalquier.

The arrondissement of Digne-les-Bains is the largest arrondissement of the department in area, , but the second in population (55,758 inhabitants), after the arrondissement of Forcalquier.

Composition

Cantons
After the reorganisation of the cantons in France, cantons are not subdivisions of the arrondissements so they could have communes that belong to different arrondissements.

In the arrondissement of Digne-les-Bains, there are 6 cantons and 4 of them with all their communes in the arrondissement:

 Digne-les-Bains-1 (0404)
 Digne-les-Bains-2 (0405)
 Oraison (0410) (partly)
 Riez (0412)
 Seyne (0413) (partly)
 Valensole (0415)

Communes
The arrondissement of Digne-les-Bains has 46 communes; they are (with their INSEE codes)ː

 Aiglun (04001)
 Archail (04009)
 Auzet (04017)
 Barles (04020)
 Barras (04021)
 Beaujeu (04024)
 Beynes (04028)
 Bras-d'Asse (04031)
 Le Brusquet (04036)
 Le Castellard-Mélan (04040)
 Le Chaffaut-Saint-Jurson (04046)
 Champtercier (04047)
 Château-Arnoux-Saint-Auban (04049)
 Châteauredon (04054)
 Digne-les-Bains (04070)
 Draix (04072)
 Entrages (04074)
 L’Escale (04079)
 Estoublon (04084)
 Ganagobie (04091)
 La Javie (04097)
 Majastres (04107)
 Malijai (04108)
 Mallefougasse-Augès (04109)
 Mallemoisson (04110)
 Marcoux (04113)
 Les Mées (04116)
 Mézel (04121)
 Mirabeau (04122)
 Montclar (04126)
 Moustiers-Sainte-Marie (04135)
 Peyruis (04149)
 Prads-Haute-Bléone (04155)
 La Robine-sur-Galabre (04167)
 Sainte-Croix-du-Verdon (04176)
 Hautes-Duyes (04177)
 Saint-Jeannet (04181)
 Saint-Julien-d'Asse (04182)
 Saint-Jurs (04184)
 Saint-Martin-lès-Seyne (04191)
 Selonnet (04203)
 Seyne (04205)
 Thoard (04217)
 Verdaches (04235)
 Le Vernet (04237)
 Volonne (04244) 

The communes with more inhabitants in the arrondissement are:

Related pages
 Arrondissements of the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence department
 List of arrondissements of France

References

Digne-les-Bains
Conductive hearing loss

Conductive hearing loss is one of the main types of hearing loss.  It happens when sound is blocked from going through the outer and middle ear into the inner ear and will only make noises sound less loud. 

Most of the time, conductive hearing loss can be treated but how it is treated depends on the causes and is different for everyone.

Causes
 Ear infections - some infections can cause the ear to swell and can make pus that blocks the ears
 Ruptured ear drums - a hole in the ear drum that makes it harder for sound to travel through the ears
 Objects blocking ear canal - some objects such as cotton tips and sometimes even ear wax can block the ears

Treatment
Medical - some ear infections can be treated by medicine
Surgery - sometimes surgery is needed to remove ojects that are blocking the ears
Hearing aids - since conductive hearing loss usually makes noises sound quieter, hearing aids can help by making the sounds louder for users

References

Other websites 
 National Hearing Care Find an audiologist in Australia and get more information on hearing problems.
 Bay Audiology Find an audiologist in New Zealand and get more information on hearing problems.

Hearing
Disability
Health problems
Sensorineural

Sensorineural hearing loss is the most common and one of the main types of hearing loss. It is also known as "nerve deafness". Unlike the other main type of hearing loss - conductive hearing loss - sensorineural hearing loss is permanent.

Not only does sensorineural hearing loss cause noise to sound quieter but also makes sound less clear. This makes listening when there is a lot of noise harder and also makes hearing other people talk harder.

Causes 
There are two parts of the ear that can be damaged to cause sensorineural hearing loss, either the cochlea or the hearing nerve. They do not both have to be damaged to cause hearing loss and can be caused by a number of different things.   

Age related - the cochlea and hearing nerve of older people is more likely to be damaged than younger people, causing hearing loss  
Noise related - listening to loud music or being in a place with very loud noise for a long time can damage your hearing
Disease - there are a few diseases and medications that can also cause hearing loss as a side-effect

Treatment 
Unlike conductive hearing loss, sensorineural hearing loss is permanent. There may be ways to cure it but these are very limited. There are however ways to treat it and make it better. 

Using hearing aids is the most popular way to treat this hearing loss. Hearing aids are not just able to make sound louder, which does not always help (because louder sound does not mean clearer sound) but can also reduce sounds that are not needed to hear other people talk while making speech louder. This is very helpful in making speech easier to understand.

References

Other websites 
 National Hearing Care Find an audiologist in Australia and get more information on hearing loss and treatment.
 Bay Audiology Find an audiologist in New Zealand and get more information on hearing loss and treatment.

Hearing
Diosdado Macapagal

Diosdado Pangan Macapagal Sr. (September 28, 1910 – April 21, 1997) was the ninth President of the Philippines. He is known for changing the country's Independence Day from July 4 to June 12. June 12 is the day President Emilio Aguinaldo declared independence of the First Philippine Republic from the Spanish Empire in 1898.

He is the father of Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo, who was the fourteenth President of the Philippines from 2001 to 2010.

References

1910 births
1997 deaths
Deaths from pneumonia
Anti-Communists
Filipino lawyers
Presidents of the Philippines
Roman Catholics
Vice Presidents of the Philippines
Alain Poher

Alain Émile Louis Marie Poher was a French politician. He was president of the French Senate from 3 October 1968 to 1 October 1992. Because of this he was interim President of France twice.

References

1909 births
1996 deaths
Former MEPs
French Roman Catholics
MEPs for France
Presidents of France
Presidents of the European Parliament
Presidents of the Senate (France)
Bishop, California

Bishop is a city in Inyo County, California in the United States. Bishop is the only city in Inyo County. Bishop is in the Owens Valley. It was named after Bishop Creek, which comes from the Sierra Nevada mountains nearby. Bishop Creek was named after Samuel Addison Bishop, who moved to the Owens Valley. Bishop had 3,879 people in 2010. It is at an elevation of 4,150 feet (1,260 meters) above sea level.

References 

Cities in California
Settlements in Inyo County, California
Noise-induced hearing loss

Noise induced hearing loss (NHL) is hearing loss caused by sounds that are too loud (high decibel level) and damage hearing cells in the ear. This can make noises sound quieter as well as make noise less clear, it can also cause other hearing related symptoms such as tinnitus. NHL is permanent and cannot usually be restored.

Most of the time, NHL happens after being around a lot of noise for long periods of time. Listening to loud music, city traffic or even things like a hair dryer for can damage hearing after a while. But NHL can also happen suddenly when close to an extremely loud sound. This can come from things like being close to an airplane or a gunshot.

Signs of NHL 
Hearing is a very important sense. It can be hard to notice hearing loss, especially if it happens over time instead of suddenly. Even if it is hard for a person experiencing it to notice, it will still have a large effect on their life.

Not being able to hear a conversation when there is a lot of noise around is usually a good sign of hearing loss. Other people may sound like they are speaking softly or their speech may not be clear. Both of these can be signs of NHL. Similarly, having to ask people to repeat themselves and having to try very hard to hear people speak are also signs.

Apart from not being able to hear very well when talking to other people, there are other signs of NHL such as tinnitus as well as some other diseases and medication.

Preventing NHL 
Since NHL causes permanent damage, knowing the signs and causes of it and preventing it early is the only way to keep hearing healthy. 
Lowering the volume of sound is a good way to start. Even though controlling the level of sound heard is not always possible, when listening to music or watching movies it can be done and will keep hearing from being damaged.  
If controlling the level of sound is not possible then avoiding being around loud sound for a long time will help too. This is because the level of sound is not the only thing that is important for hearing loss, how long this loud sound is present is important as well.  
If none of the above methods to prevent hearing loss are possible, then using earplugs or earmuffs is a must. This will reduce the sound that is able to reach and cause damage to the ears. This is useful for people who work in places that are loud such as a  construction site.

Treatment 
Although NHL is permanent and most of the time cannot be cured, there are ways to manage it.

The most common thing to do is use hearing aids. Hearing aids can help with hearing loss by making sound louder and speech clearer. They can also be customised by audiologists to suit almost any lifestyle and to suit the specific needs of different people.

References

Hearing
Health problems
North Jeolla Province

North Jeolla Province or Jeollabuk-do (전라북도; 全羅北道; Jeollabuk-do) is a province in the southwest of South Korea. The province was formed in 1896 from the north of Jeolla Province. Its provincial capital is Jeonju.

History 
During the Three Kingdoms of Korea period, the province was the center of Mahan, and Mahan became part of Baekje, one of the three Kingdoms. In the Unified Silla period, the towns of Wansan-ju (now Jeonju) and Namwon-gyeong (now Namwon) were started in the province. When King Seongjong of Goryeo divided the whole country into 10 dos, Jeolla-do was called Gangnam-do. Later, in the Joseon Dynasty, it was finally called Jeolla-do.

Geography 
Jeollabuk-do's area is 8,067 km² and it occupies 8.1% of South Korea.

Religion 
The province contains 6 cities and 8 counties.

Other websites

 Jeollabuk-do provincial government English-language home page
 lonely planet: Introducing Jeollabuk-do

Provinces of South Korea
United Nations Secretariat

The United Nations Secretariat is the executive body of the United Nations. It has the primary responsibility for the maintenance of international peace and security. The head of the Secretariat is the Secretary-General of the United Nations, who is appointed by the United Nations General Assembly.

United Nations
Mohammad Hamid Ansari

Mohammad Hamid Ansari (born 1 April 1937) is an Indian politician. He was the 12th Vice-President of India from 2007 through 2017. He is the first Vice President of India to be re-elected after Dr.Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan. Hamid Ansari serves as the president of the Indian Institute of Public Administration. He is also the Chancellor of Panjab University, Chandigarh.

Hamid Ansari was born in Calcutta(present Kolkata), West Bengal on 1 April 1937. He is the grand-nephew of former Congress president Mukthar Ahmad Ansari. Hamid started his career as Officer in Indian Foreign Service in 1961. He was awarded the Padma Shri in 1984.

References 

1937 births
Living people
Vice Presidents of India
Cashtown, Pennsylvania

Cashtown is a census-designated place (CDP) in Franklin Township, Adams County, Pennsylvania, United States. The community was part of the Cashtown-McKnightstown CDP, until it was split into two separate CDPs for the 2010 census. As of 2010, the population of Cashtown was 459.

History 
During the American Civil War, Cashtown was occupied by the Confederate States Army twice. Once in October 1862 when Confederate cavalry led by General J.E.B. Stuart occupied the town briefly. On June 28, 1863, General Robert E. Lee had invaded Pennsylvania a second time and was on his way to Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, the state capital. When he received word that the Union Army of the Potomac was coming, he ordered his divisions to assemble at Cashtown. On June 30 Confederate General Henry Heth had his divisions at Cashtown and sent a division to nearby Gettysburg to forage for supplies. Without any reconnaissance to see what was ahead of them, the Confederates blundered into a Union cavalry commanded by General John Buford. This started the Battle of Gettysburg.

Geography
Cashtown is  northwest of Gettysburg in western Adams County. U.S. Route 30 bypasses the center of the community. It forms the northern edge of the CDP. Old U.S. 30, the original Lincoln Highway, is the main street of Cashtown. McKnightstown is  to the east.

References

Other websites 
Cashtown Community Fire Dept.

Census-designated places in Pennsylvania
Camp Curtin

Camp Curtin was a military training camp in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, during the American Civil War. It was the largest Union Army training camp during the war. There was also a supply depot, hospital and prisoner-of-war camp.

History 
The news of the attack on Fort Sumter reached Washington, D.C. on April 14, 1861. President Abraham Lincoln called for 75,000 militiamen to serve for 90 days. These men were needed to put down the rebellion of the Southern states. In meetings across the North people cheered the flag and called those who seceded "traitors"! Across the North, eager volunteers responded to calls from local governmental officials to join newly raised state regiments. Governor Andrew Curtin of Pennsylvania issued a proclamation asking for 13,000 able-bodied Pennsylvania men to volunteer to help preserve the Union. Within three days, thousands of men had come to Harrisburg to enlist. But they had no place to organize or drill. Governor Curtin decided to use the County Agricultural Society in Harrisburg. Major Joseph F. Knipe officially opened the camp on April 18, 1861, and named it Camp Curtin in honor of the governor (the planned name had been Camp Union). By the end of April, it had sent 25 regiments into the field. From December 1861 to March 1862, the camp was commanded by Major Truman Seymour. In June and July of 1863, General Robert E. Lee invaded Pennsylvania for a second time. His target was Harrisburg and Camp Curtin. However, before he could get there, an accidental meeting between Confederate and Union troops started the Battle of Gettysburg. After the battle Lee's army retreated back to Virginia.

The camp 
Over 300,000 soldiers passed through Camp Curtin, making it the largest army training camp during the Civil War. Harrisburg's location on major railroad lines running east and west, and north and south. This made it a very good location for moving men and supplies to the armies in the field. In addition to the Regular Army and Pennsylvania regiments, troops from Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, New Jersey, New York, Ohio and Wisconsin used Camp Curtin. The camp and surrounding area also saw service as a supply depot. There was a hospital as well as a Confederate prisoner-of-war camp. At the end of the war, Camp Curtin was used as a mustering-out point for thousands of troops on their way home. It was officially closed on November 11, 1865.

Related pages 
 American Civil War
 Harrisburg, Pennsylvania

References

Other websites 
 New Wayside Historical Markers
 Camp Curtin Historical Society; YouTube
 Camp Curtin anniversary celebrated in Harrisburg; YouTube

Union Army
United States Army
1860s in Pennsylvania
1861 in the United States
1862 in the United States
1863 in the United States
1864 in the United States
1865 in the United States
Aiguille de Chambeyron

Aiguille de Chambeyron is a French mountain near the border with Italy, just west of the main chain of the Alps that separates the basin of the Rhône river, to the west, and the basin of the Po river, to the east.

It is the highest peak in the Alps south of Monte Viso.

Geography

Aiguille de Chambeyron is in the northeast of the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence department (commune of Saint-Paul-sur-Ubaye), Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region, in southeast France.

With an elevation of  above sea level, it is the highest point of the department and of the historical region of Provence.

The mountain is in the Chambeyron Massif of the Cottian Alps. It has two summits, with the west one being the slightly higher.

On the north side of the mountain are 2 small and quite dead glaciers, filled with rocks: Chauvet Glacier and Marinet Glacier.

Geologie
The lower part of the mountain is made of Triassic limestone but the highest part is made of Jurassic limestone (more solid).

History
The first recorded ascension of the peak was made by W.A.B. Coolidge, a mountain climber from United States, and Christian Almer and his son, from Switzerland, in 1879.

Route
The more easy climbing route is by the south side of the mountain, from the Chambeyron Hut, a place where is possible to eat and with beds, at an altitude of .

The route to the Chambeyron Hut is, starting from the city of Barcelonette:

Barcelonette > Jausier > La Condamine-Châtelard > Saint-Paul-sur-Ubaye >> Fouillouse >> Chambeyron Hut

It is possible to get to the hamlet of Fouillouse by car; here there is parking lot.

References

Other websites

 Géologie de l'Aiguille de Chambeyron - GeoAlp website 
 Aiguille de Chambeyron - peakery

Alps
Mountains of France
Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
Jeh Johnson

Jeh Charles Johnson (born September 11, 1957) is an American civil and criminal trial lawyer. He was born in New York City. He was the United States Secretary of Homeland Security. He was the General Counsel of the Department of Defense from 2009 to 2012 during the first Obama Administration. He completed a Bachelor of Arts degree at Morehouse College (B.A.) and  law at Columbia Law School (J.D.). he is the grandson of sociologist and Fisk University president Dr. Charles S. Johnson.

Johnson's first name is taken from a Liberian chief, who reportedly saved his grandfather’s life while he was on a League of Nations mission to Liberia in 1930.

References 

1957 births
Living people
African-American people
Lawyers from New York City
United States Secretaries of Homeland Security
Immigration Act of 1917

The Immigration Act of 1917 (also called the Literacy Act and the Asiatic Barred Zone Act) was a United States law to stop certain types of people from moving to the US to live. It was the first law to try and restrict immigration, rather than try to control it. People wanting to immigrate had to pass literacy tests. The law also created new categories of people who would not be allowed to immigrate. People from much of Asia were prevented from immigrating. 

The Immigration Act of 1924 made more restrictions. The laws stayed in place until changed by the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952 (the McCarran–Walter Act).

1917 in the United States
Immigration
United States law
Durance

The Durance () is a river in southeastern France, a left tributary of the Rhône river. It is the longest river in Metropolitan France without a department named after it.

Geography
The Durance river has a length of  and a drainage basin with an area of approximately .

Its average yearly discharge (volume of water which passes through a section of the river per unit of time) is  at Saint-Paul-lès-Durance in the Bouches-du-Rhône department at an altitude of , for a period of 95 years.

Average monthly discharge (m3/s) at Saint-Paul-lès-Durance

Course
The Durance starts in the pré de Gondran ("meadow of Gondran"), on the east side of the Sommet des Anges mountain, in the commune of Montgenèvre (a ski resort near Briançon), Hautes-Alpes department, at an elevation of about . It then flows to the southwest through the departments of Hautes-Alpes, Alpes-de-Haute-Provence, Vaucluse and Bouches-du-Rhône.

Finally, the river flows into the Rhône river, as a left tributary, south of the city of Avignon.

The Durance only flows through two departments: Hautes-Alpes and Alpes-de-Haute-Provence; it forms the border between two other departments but it does not flow through them: Vaucluse and Bouches-du-Rhône. It flows through the Var department only for a short distance.

It flows through the following communes, among others:
 Hautes-Alpes
Briançon
Embrun
Alpes-de-Haute-Provence
Sisteron
Château-Arnoux-Saint-Auban
Manosque
Vaucluse
Pertuis
Cadenet
Cavaillon

Main tributaries 
The main tributaries of the Durance river are:

Left tributaries:
 Cerveyrette - 22.8 km
 Guil - 51.5 km
 Vachères - 21.9 km
 Ubaye - 82.7 km
 La Blanche - 30.2 km
 Sasse - 38.4 km
 Vanson - 30.2 km
 Bléone - 67.5 km
 Rancure - 23.9 km
 Asse - 75.3 km
 Verdon - 165.7 km
 Réal - 22.5 km
 Anguillon - 20.1 km

Right tributaries:
 Clarée - 31.8 km
 Guisane - 27.7 km
 Avance - 20.6 km
 Luye - 22.6 km
 Buëch - 85 km
 Jabron - 36.5 km
 Lauzon - 25.2 km
 Largue - 55.4 km
 Èze - 24.3 km
 Aigue Brun - 22.8 km
 Coulon - 88.2 km

Gallery

Related pages
 List of rivers of France

References

Other websites

 Val de Durance  
Mixed syndicate working on the valley of the Durance 

Rivers of France
Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
Bhatgaon, Raipur

Bhatgaon is a town in the Sarangarh Bhatgaon district of Chhattisgarh, India.

Location 
The National Highway 200 passes through Bhatgaon. The nearest airport is Raipur Airport. The nearest railway station is at Champa.

Members of Parliament

Bhatgaon Population Census 2011 - 2020 

 About Bhatgaon
 Caste Factor
 Work Profile
 2020 Bhatgaon

Overview 
Bhatgaon is a Nagar Panchayat city in district of Balodabazar, Chhattisgarh. The Bhatgaon city is divided into 15 wards for which elections are held every 5 years. The Bhatgaon Nagar Panchayat has population of 10,371 of which 5,131 are males while 5,240 are females as per report released by Census India 2011.Population of Children with age of 0-6 is 1356 which is 13.07% of total population of Bhatgaon (NP). In Bhatgaon Nagar Panchayat, Female Sex Ratio is of 1021 against state average of 991. Moreover Child Sex Ratio in Bhatgaon is around 965 compared to Chhattisgarh state average of 969. Literacy rate of Bhatgaon city is 75.97% higher than state average of 70.28%. In Bhatgaon, Male literacy is around 86.80% while female literacy rate is 65.46%.Bhatgaon Nagar Panchayat has total administration over 2,224 houses to which it supplies basic amenities like water and sewerage. It is also authorize to build roads within Nagar Panchayat limits and impose taxes on properties coming under its jurisdiction.

Bhatgaon Religion Data 2011

Bhatgaon Wards 

Towns in India
Settlements in Chhattisgarh
Agender

Agender describes a person with no gender identity. It means that someone does not feel like they fall under any gender. "A-" is a prefix that means 'no' or 'none.' An agender person feels like as if they are neither a male nor a female. 

Agender is also referred to as "genderless", "genderqueer", or "ungendered". Some people who identify themselves as agender may also identify themselves as transgender. However, some don't, as some feel this implies that they identify as a gender other than their assigned gender at birth, and prefers to stick with "agender." Agender may be seen as a non-binary gender, or as a statement of not having a gender identity at all.

Some Agender people more also (but not necessarily) experience gender dysphoria if they are unable to express their identity as something they're comfortable with.

A majority of agender people prefer "they/them" as their pronouns, others can use conventional pronouns, such as he/him or she/her, or uncommon pronouns, such as one/one's or it/its. Some agender people wish to change their bodies to feel more comfortable, while other don't and prefer to stick with the body they already have. 

Despite identifying as not having a gender, Agender individuals can still identify under any sexuality, and should not be confused with asexuality.

Related pages 

 Neutrois

References 

Gender

LGBT variations
Omar Torrijos

Omar Efrain Torrijos Herrera (Feb 13, 1929 – July 31, 1981) was leader of Panama from 1968 to 1981, when he died in a plane crash. He is more commonly known as Omar Torrijos.

Torrijos was the Commander of the Military of Panama. Even though Panama had a President, Torrijos was the leader. He is best known for making a treaty to give Panama full control of the Panama Canal.

His son Martín Torrijos was elected president and served from 2004 to 2009.

References 

1929 births
1981 deaths
Anti-Communists
Aviation deaths
Heads of state
Former dictators
Panamanian people
Anatoly Dobrynin

Anatoly Fyodorovich Dobrynin was a Russian statesman and a Soviet diplomat. He was the Soviet Ambassador to the United States. He served during the Cuban Missile Crisis.

Dobrynin worked with 6 American presidents. He was well liked in the United States.

Honours and awards
 Hero of Socialist Labour
 Five Orders of Lenin
 Order of the Red Banner of Labour
 Order of Honour

References

1919 births
2010 deaths
Russian communists
Recipients of the Order of Lenin
Ambassadors of the Soviet Union
Enrico Berlinguer

Enrico Berlinguer (1922 - 1984) was an Italian politician. He was national secretary of the Italian Communist Party (PCI) from 1972 until his death.

Berlinguer was considered the most popular leader of the PCI. He is known for lessening the influence of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union in Italy.

Berlinguer was an atheist.

References

1922 births
1984 deaths
Italian atheists
Italian communists
Italian politicians
People from Sardinia
Oosterscheldekering

Oosterscheldekering is a dam and storm surge barrier between the islands Schouwen-Duiveland and Noord-Beveland. It is the largest of the 13 ambitious Delta Works made to protect the Netherlands from flooding from the North Sea.

Other websites

 DeltaWorks.org - DeltaWorks.Org about Oosterscheldekering. Includes text, photos, video and virtual tour.

Flood control
Buildings and structures in the Netherlands
Geography of the Netherlands
Zeeland
Schouwen-Duiveland
Shem And Eber Cave

Shem And Eber Cave (in Hebrew: Shem and Ever) is one of the sacred Jewish sites of Safed. the cave was sacred to the three monotheistic religions throughout history and located in the Old City of Safed. according to Jewish tradition in this cave - "Shem" the son of Noah and Eber was established a Beth midrash that Jacob was learning the Torah.

Other websites 
  Shem And Eber Cave in the Safed website
  Shem And Eber Cave in the kolhamevaser  website

Archaeological sites in Israel
Pasquotank County, North Carolina

Pasquotank County   is a county located in the U.S. state of North Carolina. As of the 2010 census, the population was 40,661. Its county seat is Elizabeth City. The county was originally created as Pasquotank Precinct and gained county status in 1739.

Pasquotank County is part of the Elizabeth City, NC Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Virginia Beach-Norfolk, VA-NC Combined Statistical Area.

Pasquotank is the birth county of Nikita Pavlunenko.

References 

1730s establishments in North Carolina
1739 establishments
North Carolina counties
Ichirō Hatoyama

Ichirō Hatoyama was a Japanese politician. He was Prime Minister of Japan three times.

References

1883 births
1959 deaths
Prime Ministers of Japan
Baptists
University of Tokyo alumni
Nobusuke Kishi

Nobusuke Kishi was a Japanese politician. He was prime minister two times.

References

1896 births
1987 deaths
Anti-Communists
Prime Ministers of Japan
Japanese politicians
World War II people
University of Tokyo alumni
Camden, North Carolina

Camden is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Camden County, North Carolina, United States. It is the county seat of Camden County, a consolidated city-county. As of the 2010 census, the Camden CDP had a population of 599

Camden is located on the eastern banks of the Pasquotank River, across from which lies Elizabeth City. It currently has two traffic lights, and is centered at the intersection of U.S. Highway 158 and North Carolina Highway 343. It boasts five schools: Grandy Primary School, Camden Intermediate School, Camden Middle School, Camden County High, and CamTech High School.

Camden is part of the Elizabeth City, North Carolina Micropolitan Statistical Area.

The Camden County Courthouse, Camden County Jail, Lamb-Ferebee House, and Milford are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Camden is the original home city of Nikita Pavlunenko.

References

Unincorporated communities in North Carolina
Census-designated places in North Carolina
County seats in North Carolina
Hearing test

A hearing test is a check for a person's sense of hearing to measure what kind of sounds they can hear and if they have any hearing loss. There are many types of hearing tests used to understand different things about a person's hearing. Hearing tests are also different for adults and children as well. It is mainly audiologists that do hearing tests and they will know what kind of hearing test a patient needs.

Types of hearing tests  
Since hearing loss does not always only make sound quieter and may make sound less clear too, there are many different hearing tests to use to understand what kind of hearing loss a person has. 

Pure Tone Audiometry - the most common type of hearing test. A patient will listen to different sounds which are called pure tones. These sounds will be in different frequencies and softest sounds that can be heard are recorded. The two types of pure tone audiometry are air and bone conduction. If the results from these tests are different, this means that there is a problem with the outer and middle ear. 
Air Conduction - a type of tone test that uses earphones placed inside the ear
Bone Conduction - a type of tone  test that uses a small vibrator placed behind the ear that sends sound through the skull into the inner ear
Speech Recognition Test - used to measure how much a person can understand speech which it is at a normal noise level by making them repeat words that are heard. This tests how clear sound is
Hearing In Noise Test - similar to the speech recognition test, it is done by making the patient repeat words they hear. This will happen both in a quiet space as well as a noisy space and sound will come from different directions
Tympanogram - a small instrument is placed inside the ear and air is pumped in to change the air pressure. This test will show if there is a problem with the middle ear or ear drum
Acoustic Reflex Measures - test to find where the hearing problem is. The middle ear has a muscle that moves when there is loud sound. Measuring how loud sounds are before it stops moving can give information on where the hearing problem is in the ear. 
Static Acoustic Impedance - measures how much air is inside the ear canal. Can tell if ear drum has a hole in it  
Auditory Brainstem Response - tests the inner ear and brain. Electrodes are used to measure brain activity when sound is present.

Hearing
Audiologist

An audiologist is a health professional in hearing and other auditory problems such as tinnitus and balance.

Role of an audiologist 
The role of an audiologist is to diagnose and treat hearing problems, minimising the impact these problems have on the lives of their patients. Audiologists will provide help that is customised to each patient to help them be able to communicate with the world around them. 

In order to treat hearing problems, they must first be identified. Audiologists do tests and hearing checks on patients to measure and understand the type of help they will need. With the information they gain from these tests, audiologists can advise patients about their hearing health and recommend any treatment that they might need. If treatment such as hearing aids are needed for a patient, the audiologist will be able to help make the solution the best suited to the patient by customising the treatment depending on what the patient needs. This includes helping to find a suitable hearing aid, fitting it and programming it and maintaining it. This applies to other recommended treatment as well.  

Although treatment and help to lessen the effects of hearing problems are a main focus of an audiologist, they also have the role of educating and teaching patients as well as the public. How to prevent hearing loss as well as how to protect hearing are usually the main focus of what an audiologist teaches and may be done through presentations in schools, in workplaces and to the community. It is important for audiologists to educate the public about hearing loss and how important hearing health is as well as how audiologists are able to help. Audiologists treat all ages and types of hearing loss.

Workplace  
The hearing services of an audiologist are used in many different settings but most work in health care. In health care, they are focused on the main role of an audiologist which is providing hearing health care services including testing for hearing loss and recommending treatment. Many audiologists can be found working with patients in hospitals, medical centers, private practices and in nursing homes.   

Another workplace for audiologists is in education, which is another important role that they perform. They may be working in schools, in universities or even day care centers in order to educate students about hearing loss and prevention. These professionals understand the effect that hearing loss can have on a student's learning and can work with schools to recommend strategies to help build a more supportive environment for students. While they may be more focused on education, these audiologists are still also able to do hearing tests and checks on students and help them find the best solutions for their hearing problems.  

Other workplaces for an audiologist include work with the government and work in research.

Other websites 
 National Hearing Care Find an audiologist in Australia.
 Bay Audiology Find an audiologist in New Zealand.

Occupations
Hearing