cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
1947–48 NHL season

The 1947–48 NHL season was the 31st season of the National Hockey League. Six teams each played 60 games. The Toronto Maple Leafs were the Stanley Cup winners. They defeated the Detroit Red Wings four games to none. This season saw the introduction of a new trophy – Art Ross Trophy – that would be handed out to the player who scored the most points during the regular season.

Regular season

Final standings
GP = Games Played, W = Wins, L = Losses, T = Ties, Pts = Points, GF = Goals For, GA = Goals Against, PIM = Penalties In Minutes

Teams that qualified for the playoffs are highlighted in bold

Scoring leaders
GP = Games Played, G = Goals, A = Assists, Pts = Points, PIM = Penalties In Minutes

Leading goaltenders
GP = Games Played, TOI = Time On Ice (minutes), GA = Goals Against, SO = Shutouts, GAA = Goals Against Average

Stanley Cup playoffs
All dates in 1948

Playoff bracket

Semifinals

Toronto vs. Boston

Boston Bruins vs. Toronto Maple Leafs

Toronto wins best-of-seven series 4 games to 1

NY Rangers vs. Detroit

New York Rangers vs. Detroit Red Wings

Detroit wins best-of-seven series 4 games to 2

Finals

Detroit Red Wings vs. Toronto Maple Leafs

Toronto wins best-of-seven series 4 games to 0

Playoff scoring leaders
GP = Games Played, G = Goals, A = Assists, Pts = Points

NHL awards

All-Star teams

References
Hockey Database
NHL.com

1947
1948 in North America
1940s in North America
Duffy

Amiee Ann Duffy (born 23 June 1984), usually known as just Duffy,  is a Welsh singer, songwriter and actress from Bangor, Gwynedd. Her first album, Rockferry, sold more than 6.5 million copies. Rockferry, and a song from the album, "Mercy", both reached number one on the UK music charts. Her second album did not sell very well, with only 200,000 sold in the UK. In 2009 she made an advertisement for Diet Coke. The ad caused problems because she is shown riding a bicycle at night without a helmet or lights. Journalist Luke Lewis described the ad as "...blank, sterile and mildly unsettling."

Albums
 Rockferry (2008)
 Endlessly (2010)

References

Other websites

British soul musicians
Grammy Award winners
Welsh pop singers
Welsh singer-songwriters
1984 births
Living people
Welsh musicians
Funeral for a Friend

Funeral for a Friend (often known as FFAF) is a Welsh post-hardcore band. They have released five studio albums. The band was formed in 2001.

Other websites 
Official wesite. Retrieved 2011-08-29.

2001 establishments in the United Kingdom
2000s British music groups
2010s British music groups
British punk bands
Emo bands
Musical groups established in 2001
Post-hardcore bands
Welsh rock bands
2000s establishments in Wales
Chicago Spire

The Chicago Spire is a very large skyscraper that was being built in Chicago, Illinois.  Because of financial problems, the project has not been finished.

As of May 2013, however, interest in the Chicago Spire site has risen, drawing in at least a half-dozen offers for the property. The developer is also considering a bid to take back control of the property, reigniting hope that the 2,000 ft. skyscraper may actually be built. In 2014, a Chicago court ruled in favor of not building the skyscraper thus abandoning plans of it being constructed.

The Gateway Tower, a proposed  tall condo, is proposed to be built on the site of where the Spire would have been built.

References

Skyscrapers in Chicago
Proposed skyscrapers in the United States
Rickrolling

Rickrolling is an internet meme that involves playing a trick on someone by tricking them into listening to Rick Astley singing his 1987 song, "Never Gonna Give You Up". It was first seen on 4chan and is called a "bait and switch". A "bait and switch" happens when the prankster gives a website to someone saying that the website address (which is somehow hidden) is about something else. When the victim clicks the link, they see the music video and have been "rickrolled" or "rickroll'd".

As rickrolling has grown in popularity, two of the many videos online have been watched over 13 million times each.

On October 27, 2008, at the Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade, Astley himself performed a live rickroll. He came out during the singing of "Best Friends" by the cast of Foster's Home for Imaginary Friends and sang "Never Gonna Give You Up". At the end of the song, one of the characters said "I love rickrolling!"

On February 23, 2010, the most viewed Rickroll video was deleted.

On July 29, 2021, the "Never Gonna Give You Up" YouTube video reached a billion views.

History

Song

Astley recorded "Never Gonna Give You Up" in 1987 on his album Whenever You Need Somebody. This song was his debut single and was a Number One hit for him on many international charts like the Billboard Hot 100, Hot Adult Contemporary Tracks and UK Top 40 charts. It was also Astley's first music video which features him performing the song while dancing.

Origin of the term
Rickrolling is said to have begun as a spin-off of an earlier prank called duckrolling, which was when a link was supposed to lead to a picture or news story but would really link to an edited picture of a duck on wheels. The victim was then said to have been duckrolled. The first instance of rickrolling happened in May 2007 on the 4chan video game board, where a link to the video was said to be a copy of the first trailer for Grand Theft Auto IV. The joke was confined to 4chan for a short time.

By May 2008, Rickrolling had become an internet hit or phenomenon and very soon rickrolling was being covered on mainstream media. A poll in April 2008 by SurveyUSA guessed or estimated that at least 18 million American adults had been rickrolled.

April Fools' Day, 2008
On April Fools' Day 2008 and the weeks after, many instances of Rickrolling showed up on the internet, and news media. All of the featured videos on Youtube's main page hyperlinked to the Rickroll. The prank showed up on international YouTube portals before showing up on the main page.

References

Other websites 
Video on YouTube

Pranks
Internet memes
Rick Astley
sv:Rick Astley#Rickrolling
Stable

A stable is a building for livestock animals such as horses or cows to live in.

A stable often has a loft where food such as hay can be kept to feed the animals in the winter.  The stable may be divided into enclosures or stalls to keep the animals separate.

A stable is most likely to be built near a farmhouse.

According to the Christian Bible, the baby Jesus was born in a stable.  He was wrapped up and put to sleep on the straw in the feed bin (the manger).

Agriculture
Animal enclosures
Dagne Groven Myhren

Dagne Groven Myhren (born 19 September 1940) is a Norwegian writer, folk musician and a professor of Scandinavian studies at the University of Oslo. She has written about Norwegian literature, science and folk music. She is outspoken in protecting Norwegian culture, places and music.

She has helped J.P.Ekgren with writing a book in English about the poetry style called Stev. The book is Aslak Brekke og visune hans.

References

Norwegian writers
1940 births
Living people
Aslak Brekke

Aslak Brekke (October 6, 1901 – February 13, 1978) was a Norwegian vocalist of stev (a type of Scandinavian poetry which is sung). He was also a singer of folksongs. Brekke was born in Vinje, Telemark. He was the first folksinger to sing on a radio broadcast to all of Norway. 

In 1945, Brekke sang at an important concert in the ceremonial hall (the "Aula" ) at the University of Oslo. He also made a recording of the song "Ståle Storli", together with Eivind Groven ( harmonium ).

Related pages
Aslak Brekke og visune hans

Sources

Norwegian singers
1901 births
1978 deaths
Printmaking

Printmaking is making art by printing pictures, normally on paper. The advantage of printmaking is that lots of the same picture can be printed. This is called a print. Each print is not a copy, but an original, since it came from the same source (not like painting or drawing).You can also use different types of techniques to start the print.

Materials 
Pictures for prints can be cut into plates of metal, usually copper or zinc for engraving or etching; stone, used for lithography; blocks of wood for woodcuts, linoleum for linocuts and fabric plates for screen-printing. Prints may also be published in books by the artist.

Other websites 
 A glossary for modern prints 
 Large list of links to museum etc. online images of prints
 UnitTwentyFive London Based Print Studio
Old master print

An old master print is a work of art made by a printing process. Most of the old master prints were made by 1830 and no new ones came after. The main techniques used to make an old master print are woodcut, engraving and etching. Sometimes, old master prints are printed on paper, but rarely.

Many great European artists, such as Albrecht Dürer, Rembrandt, and Francisco Goya, were printmakers.

Other websites 
The Printed Image in the West: History and Techniques
Large list of links to museum etc. online images of old master prints
Old master prints blog

Printmaking
Web color

Web colors are colors used in designing webpages, and the ways for describing and listing those colours.

There are several ways to chose colors for parts of webpages. Colors may be listed as an RGB triplet (a set of three numbers) in hexadecimal format (a hex triplet). RGB triplet can make 16,777,216 different colors. Many common colors can also be chosen by their common English names. Often a color tool or other graphics software is used to create color values.

The first versions of Mosaic and Netscape Navigator used the X11 color names as the base for their color lists. This was because they both started as X Window System applications.

Each web color has its own definition, sRGB. This relates to the chromaticities of a single phosphor set, a given transfer curve, adaptive whitepoint, and viewing conditions. These have been chosen to be similar to many real-world monitors and viewing conditions. Even without color management, the colors created are fairly close to the given values. However, user agents can be different in the fidelity with which they show the colors. Better user agents use color management to create better color fidelity. This is important for Web-to-print applications.

Hex triplet
A hex triplet is a six-digit, three-byte number used in HTML, CSS, SVG, and other computer programs, to represent colors. The bytes represent the red, green and blue parts of the color. One byte represents a number in the range 00 to FF, or 0 to 255 in decimal notation. This represents the least (0) to the most (255) intensity of each of the color components. The hex triplet is formed by concatenating three bytes in hexadecimal notation, in the following order: 
Byte 1: red value (color type red)
Byte 2: green value (color type green)
Byte 3: blue value (color type blue)
For example, consider the color where the red/green/blue values are decimal numbers: red=36, green=104, blue=160 (a greyish-blue color). The decimal numbers 36, 104 and 160 are similar to the numbers 24, 68 and A0 respectively. The hex triplet is obtained by combining the 6 hexadecimal digits together, 2468A0 in this example.

HTML web colors
Formulated in 1997, there were originally 16 colors. Orange was added later to make a total of 17. The original 16 were part of something called the "Windows VGA template", meaning that they are the colors that can be used for actions like highlighting.

List of HTML Color Names 
The table below contains all 140 of the HTML colors. All modern browsers support them.

X11 colors (formulated in 1987)
These are called "X11 web colors" since the invention of the World Wide Web in 1991.

Chart of selected web colors
This chart shows selected HTML and X11 colors as well as selected unofficial consensus web colors developed by web designers since 2002.  When entering code using the unofficial colors, the hex code of the color must be specified instead of writing the name of the color.

References

Color
Web design
Warner Music Group

Warner Music Group is a record label from New York City. It is one of the "big three" record labels; the others are Sony and Universal. It started as Warner Music Group in 2003, but several Time Warner companies had existed before then.

Warner Music owns a few record labels, including Atlantic Records, Elektra Records, Parlophone, Roadrunner Records, Warner Bros. Records, and Reprise Records.

Legal troubles with Youtube 
In late 2008, Warner Music group had big legal troubles with video site YouTube. They had wanted more money for the music videos they had on the site, but YouTube said no, and Warner Music Group took off all their music videos. In September 2009, both Warner Music Group and YouTube decided on a new amount of money.

American record labels
Companies based in New York City
Aslak Brekke og visune hans

is a Norwegian / English book that has in it a collection of stev and Norwegian folk songs.

They were performed (or sung / recited) by Aslak Brekke, a master of the artists of "kveding" (the art of performing stev)

Other information
The book was published in 1983, as a part of a series called Norsk Folkeminnelags skrifter.
The author of the book is J.P. Ekgren, in collaboration with Dagne Groven Myhren (a professor in Norway).
The book was printed by Aschehoug

Notes

Non-fiction books
OpenOffice Base

OpenOffice Base is the database module released with OpenOffice version 2.0 and later. Currently it is based on the HSQLDB database engine written in Java.

The HSQLDB developers have suggested only 76% of the target has been met in the 1.8.0 release, which is the version that was integrated (merged) with OOo 2.0. They have been asking for contributions to complete all the feature targets, since the inner database engine is an independent project with no outside funding.

OpenOffice users, however, can choose to connect to an external full-featured SQL database such as MySQL, PostgreSQL and even Oracle through ODBC or JDBC drivers. OpenOffice Base can then act as a GUI frontend for SQL views, table design and query. In addition, OpenOffice has its own Form wizard to create dialog windows for form filling and updates.

Starting with version 2.3, Base will offer report generation based on Pentaho software.

Released under the terms of the Apache License, Base is free software.

Related pages
 HSQLDB
 Kexi - a similar free software/open source application
 OpenOffice
 Microsoft Access

Notes and references

Other websites 
 Base information page
 OpenOffice.org Base 2.0 project discussion 
 OpenOffice.org Database Access Project 
 HSQL and OpenOffice.org
 User resources at OOo Wiki
 Tutorials for new and intermediate ooBase users, from Sheepdog Guides

OpenOffice
Mozilla

Mozilla can mean:
 the codename for Netscape Navigator
 the mascot and name of the Mozilla Foundation
 the name of its now defunct Mozilla (web browser)

Mozilla software 
It can also refer to the platform (“Gecko” and other things) on which these programs are built:

 Mozilla Firefox
 Mozilla Thunderbird
 SeaMonkey
 Camino
 Mozilla Sunbird
 Minimo
 Flock (web browser)
 Songbird (software)

Mozilla Foundation also makes Bugzilla.
Mammary intercourse

Mammary intercourse (also titfuck or tittyfuck) is a sexual activity. People may do it during foreplay. It is also done as a safe sex alternative to anal or vaginal sexual intercourse (fucking). It is non-penetrative sex. It involves exciting the penis using the breasts of the partner. 

In most instances, this sexual activity involves the man placing his penis between his partner's breasts. He then thrusts while the breasts are squeezed around the penis for more excitement. Mammary intercourse is sometimes combined with oral sex (blowjob). Sometimes mammary intercourse continues to the point of ejaculation. The semen can land on the breasts, face, or in the mouth of the partner. 
Some gay males may enjoy their partners breasts. They may engage in male-male mammary intercourse if the breasts are large enough.

Several slang terms refer to mammary intercourse. These slang terms include titfuck or titty fuck in the United States. Tit wank or French fuck are slang terms used in the United Kingdom.

Related pages
Breast
Sexual intercourse
Oral sex

Notes

Sources

Sexual acts
Breasts
Shams-ud-din Iltutmish

Shams-ud-din Iltutmish (died 1236) was the third Muslim Turkic sultan of the Sultanate of Delhi. He was the third ruler of the Mamluk dynasty (or Slave dynasty). He was married to the daughter of Qutb-ud-din Aibak. He became the ruler after fighting against Qutb-ud-din's son. He is said to be the greatest ruler of the slave kings. He was a member of the Ilebar tribe. The first thing he did after becoming a sultan was make his kingdom larger. He also shifted his capital from Lahore to Delhi. He had to defend his empire against Mongol invasions. He also had to deal with Rajputs. Iltutmish stopped the Mongol attack in 1221 A.D led by Chenghiz Khan. He completed the Qutb Minar which was started by Qutb-ud-din Aibak. He also built the Quwat-ul-Islam mosque in Delhi.He died in 1236 A.D. He did not think his sons would be good rulers. He was succeeded by his daughter, Razia Sultan (also called Radiyya or Raziyya), as the next ruler of Delhi.

References 

12th-century births
1236 deaths
Mamluk dynasty (Delhi)
1951–52 NHL season

The 1951–52 NHL season was the 35th season of the National Hockey League. Six teams each played 70 games. The Detroit Red Wings won the Stanley Cup by sweeping the Montreal Canadiens four games to none.

Regular season

Final standings
Note: GP = Games played, W = Wins, L = Losses, T = Ties, Pts = Points, GF = Goals for, GA = Goals against, PIM = Penalties in minutes

Scoring leaders
Note: GP = Games played, G = Goals, A = Assists, PTS = Points, PIM = Penalties in minutes

Stanley Cup playoffs

In the playoffs, Detroit finished 8–0, the first time a team had gone undefeated in the playoffs since the 1934–35 Montreal Maroons. The Wings scored 24 goals in the playoffs, compared to a combined 5 goals for their opponents.

 see 1952 Stanley Cup Finals

Playoff bracket

NHL awards

All-Star teams

References
Hockey Database
NHL.com

1951 in North America
Chris Osgood

Christopher John Osgood (born November 26, 1972 in Peace River, Alberta) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey goaltender that played a career total of 18 seasons in the NHL most notably with the Detroit Red Wings. He spent the first part of his career with Detroit, and then played for the New York Islanders and the St. Louis Blues during his 14-year NHL career before returning to Detroit in 2005. He has won three Stanley Cup championships in his career, all with the Red Wings, two of them while he was the starting goaltender. He announced his retirement on July 19, 2011 but will remain with the Red Wings organization.

Career statistics

Other websites

1972 births
American Hockey League players
Brandon Wheat Kings players
Canadian ice hockey goaltenders
Detroit Red Wings players
Ice hockey people from Alberta
Living people
Medicine Hat Tigers players
New York Islanders players
Seattle Thunderbirds players
St. Louis Blues players
Stanley Cup champions
Darren Middleton

Darren Middleton (born 4 October 1971 in Sydney, Australia) is the guitarist in the band "Powderfinger". He is also the lead singer for "Drag".

Middleton began playing guitar in high school where he enjoyed music by bands like Twisted Sister and AC/DC. He began playing in clubs around his hometown of Brisbane with his first band, "Sonic Tapestry". He formed his second band, "Pirate", with friends from high school. He met "Powderfinger" at a "Pirate" show and they asked him to play with them. Middleton played on all of "Powderfinger's" recordings. While playing and recording with them, he was also writing and recording with "Drag". They have released an EP and studio album.

1971 births
Living people
Powderfinger
Musicians from Sydney
Australian guitarists
Australian rock musicians
Lochee

Lochee is a district of Dundee.  Dundee is a city in Eastern Scotland.  Lochee used to be a separate town but was surrounded by Dundee.

Dundee
Eruca sativa

Eruca sativa (syn. E. vesicaria subsp. sativa (Miller) Thell., Brassica eruca L.), also known as arugula or rocket, is a plant that can be eaten. It is a leaf vegetable with dark green, spiky, dandelion-like leaves and a strong, spicy, peppery flavor.

Related pages

 Brassicaceae
 Leaf vegetable

Brassicaceae
Leaf vegetables
Edward Emerson Barnard

Edward Emerson Barnard (December 16, 1857 – February 6, 1923) was an American astronomer. He found Amalthea, a moon of the planet Jupiter. Barnard's star and Barnard's galaxy were named after him.

Barnard made a list of dark nebulae, the Barnard Catalogue of Dark Markings in the Sky, or the Barnard Catalogue for short. The nebulae listed by Barnard have become known as 'Barnard objects'.

References

Other websites

1857 births
1923 deaths
American astronomers
Scientists from Nashville, Tennessee
Solar wind

The solar wind is a stream of charged particles from the Sun. It is made of charged protons, electrons and plasma shot out of the Sun, and creates the heliosphere. The wind is shot out at hypersonic speed, so fast that it can travel the whole length of the Solar System, nearly one light year. 

The particles are dangerous to astronauts and spacecraft. The Earth's magnetic field absorbs or soaks up a lot of the solar wind causing the aurora, the Northern lights and Southern lights.

At a distance of more than a few solar radii from the Sun, the solar wind reaches speeds of 250 to 750 kilometers per second and is supersonic.

A disturbance in the solar wind is called a solar storm. Sometimes it causes a geomagnetic storm. Such a storm in 1989 brought down the Quebec electric power grid and put the entire province in darkness. The largest recorded geomagnetic storm was in September 1–2, 1859. If we were to have another as strong as that one it might cause up to 2 trillion dollars damage.  

Solar wind also causes the tail of a comet. When the comet is close enough to the sun that the heat evaporates some of the comet's ice, the motion of the solar wind causes the resulting water vapor and space dust to stream away from the comet. Because it is blown by the solar wind, the comet's tail does not trail behind it, but always points directly away from the sun.  

The Solar Wind Composition Experiment of the Apollo program studied the atoms in the solar wind.

References 

Sun
Astrophysics
Mulan II

Mulan II is a Disney 2004 movie and the  sequel to the 1998 animated movie  Mulan. It was directed by Darrell Rooney and Lynne Southerland, and features Mulan, and her new fiancé, Shang, on a special mission: getting the Emperor's three daughters across the country to meet their soon-to-be fiancés. The movie deals with arranged marriages, loyalty, relationships, making choices, trust, and finding true love. The entire cast from the first movie returned, except for Eddie Murphy (Mushu), Miriam Margolyes (The Matchmaker), Chris Sanders (Little Brother) and Matthew Wilder (Ling's singing voice). Murphy and Margolyes were replaced by Mark Moseley and April Winchell, and Gedde Watanabe does his own singing for the sequel.

Story 
Fa Mulan gets the surprise of her young life when her love, Captain (now General) Li Shang asks for her hand in marriage. Before the two can have their happily ever after, the Emperor assigns them a secret mission, to escort three princesses to Chang'an, China. Mushu is determined to drive a wedge between the couple after he learns that he will lose his guardian job if Mulan marries into the Li family. After the princesses unexpectedly fall in love with the Gang of Three, Mulan decides to help them escape the fate of marrying men they do not love. This contradicts the Emperor's orders and forces him to put Mulan's relationship with Shang into question. They are attacked by Mongolians, and the fate of China hangs in the balance.

Cast

Soundtrack 

The soundtrank contains songs from the movie performed by various artists, as well as portions of the movie's score composed by Joel McNeely. It was released on January 25, 2005 by Walt Disney Records.

"Lesson Number One" - Lea Salonga and Chorus
"Main Title" (Score)
"Like Other Girls" - Judy Kuhn, Lucy Liu, and Lauren Tom
"A Girl Worth Fighting For (Redux)" - Gedde Watanabe, Jerry Tondo, and Harvey Fierstein
"Here Beside Me" - Hayley Westenra
"(I Wanna Be) Like Other Girls" - Atomic Kitten
"The Journey Begins" (Score)
"In Love and in Trouble" (Score)
"The Attack" (Score)
"Shang Lives!" (Score)
"Here Beside Me (Instrumental)"

Other websites
Disney's Mulan and Mulan II Official site
 
 

2005 movies
Sequel movies
Disney animated movies
Disney direct-to-video movies
Mulan (Disney)
Sherwood Pictures

Sherwood Pictures is a movie-making company based in Albany, Georgia. The company is a ministry of Sherwood Baptist Church. It is run by Alex Kendrick, the pastor of Sherwood Baptist Church.

Filmography 
Flywheel - released on April 9, 2003
Facing the Giants - released on September 29, 2006
Fireproof - released on September 26, 2008
Courageous - released on September 30, 2011

References

Other websites 
Official company website

Albany, Georgia
Christian organizations based in the United States
American movie studios
Movie studios
Companies based in Georgia (U.S. state)
Klik

klik is a system for software download and use on Linux.

Related pages
RUNZ, similar method

Linux software
Zero Install

Zero Install is a way to distribute and package software for Linux and Unix-like operating systems.
Currently, the only operating system to include Zero Install is Super Ubuntu

Method of Operation 
Instead of the normal method of downloading a software package, extracting it, and installing it before it can be used, packages distributed using Zero Install need only to be opened and usually comes in Application Directory format (presented to the user as a single file).

Advantages
Some advantages of Zero Install are:
 No root password needed to install software; packages are installed in system locations writable by that user. Thus, package installation affect only the user installing it, which makes it possible for all users to be able to install and run new software.
 Because it is easier to install extra packages later, it is easier to split documentation and translations (for example) into separate packages. For instance, translations would not be downloaded until they are accessed, so if only the default language of a piece of software is used, the translations will never be accessed and thus downloaded and installed. However, most current Zero Install packages are split the same way as their non-Zero Install counterparts.
 All software packaged this way is always available, as long as a network connection is. There is no concept of one computer having a program or library installed, while another one does not have it.

Related pages
autopackage
RUNZ

Linux software
Apple software
Sentosa

Sentosa is a resort island at the south of Singapore. The island is well known for its beach, Fort Siloso and two five-star hotels. The island was used as a place to build a fort during World War II, by the British who ruled Singapore back then. Sentosa is also well known for its theme parks.

Singapore
Places in Singapore
British Uganda Programme

The British Uganda Programme was a plan to give a piece of East Africa, owned by the British, to  Jewish people to live in. The plan was made to help the Jews in Russia to find somewhere to live after the pogroms.

The offer was first made by British Colonial Secretary Joseph Chamberlain to Theodor Herzl's Zionist group in 1903.  He said he would give them 5,000km of the Mau Plateau, Kenya.

The idea was brought up during Zionist Congress at its sixth meeting in 1903 in Basel. Many people disagreed with it. In the end the motion passed by 295 to 177 votes.

Problems 
The plateau's high elevation gave it a low temperature, which was good for the European people. However, it was filled with lions and other dangerous animals. This problem made the Zionists politely refuse the offer for the land.

References

Other websites 
 Jewish Virtual Library on Uganda Proposal

British Empire
Colonialism
Zionism
Razia Sultana

Razia al-Din or Razia Sultana (1205-1240) was a ruler of the Mamluk dynasty (Delhi) of the Delhi Sultanate.  She was the first and last Muslim lady to rule Delhi.  A Persian historian called her brave, kind and just.  She was the daughter of Iltumish.   She ascended the throne in 1236 A.D.  But the nobles who did not like to be ruled by Razia soon killed her in a war.  Her husband name was Malik Altuniya.

References

1205 births
1240 deaths
Royalty and nobility
Mamluk dynasty (Delhi)
Caravaca de la Cruz

Caravaca de la Cruz is a city of the autonomous community of Murcia, in Spain. It has over 25,000 people.

Cities in the Region of Murcia
Municipalities in the Region of Murcia
Dhallywood

The Bangladeshi movie industry, popularly known as Dhallywood (a portmanteau of the words Dhaka and Hollywood), has been based in Bangladesh's capital, Dhaka, since 1956. As of 2004, it produced approximately 100 movies a year, with an average movie budget of about 6,500,000 Bangladeshi taka.

Bangladeshi culture
Economy of Bangladesh
Dhaka
The Fray

The Fray is a rock band formed in 2002. The band's debut album How to Save a Life (album) was released September 2005. The Fray released 1 studio album, 2 live albums, and 2 EP's. The Fray created singles How to Save a Life, Over My Head (Cable Car), Look After You, Vienna, and All at Once.

Discography

Studio albums

EPs

Live

Singles 

 1 In the United Kingdom, "How to Save a Life" was released in early 2007 as the band's debut single, followed by "Over My Head (Cable Car)" a few months later.

References 

American rock bands
Musical groups from Colorado
Musical groups established in 2002
2002 establishments in the United States
2000s establishments in Colorado
1955–56 NHL season

The 1955–56 NHL season was the 39th season of the National Hockey League. Six teams each played 70 games. The Montreal Canadiens were the Stanley Cup winners as they beat the Detroit Red Wings four games to one in the best-of-seven final series.

Regular season

Final standings
Note: GP = Games played, W = Wins, L = Losses, T = Ties, Pts = Points, GF = Goals for, GA = Goals against, PIM = Penalties in minutes

Scoring leaders
Note: GP = Games played, G = Goals, A = Assists, PTS = Points, PIM = Penalties in minutes

Stanley Cup playoffs

Playoff bracket

NHL awards

All-Star teams

References
Hockey Database
NHL.com

1955 in North America
Scarborough, North Yorkshire

Scarborough is a town on the North Sea coast of North Yorkshire, England. 

According to an Icelandic Saga, it was founded by the Vikings around 966AD. There are remains of Roman, Stone Age and Bronze Age settlements, so it was obviously a natural place to put a settlement.

With a population of around 50,000, Scarborough is the largest holiday resort on the Yorkshire coast.  Yorkshire County Cricket Club's second ground is at North Marine Road.

Local news and information is provided by the towns radio station Yorkshire Coast Radio.

Transport links

Rail 
The town is served by Scarborough railway station.

Roads
Scarborough has four major roads serving the town; these also link it to other major towns and cities.
A64 – Main road that terminates in the town centre, linking Scarborough with Malton, York, Leeds, the A19 and the A1(M). This is the main tourist route to the town and is dual carriageway standard for most of its route (between the A1(M) and Malton).
A165 – This is the coastal route that links the town with Filey, Bridlington and Hull. In 2008, a new road was opened to bypass Osgodby to the south of Scarborough. This now forms part of the A165.
A170 – This links Scarborough to the North York Moors and Thirsk to the west.
A171 – This is the coastal route to the north that links the town with Whitby and Middlesbrough.

These roads can be got to from the M1 motorway, which runs from London to Scotland through the middle of Yorkshire.

Leisure 
The town has fine arts and recreational facilities. Two theatres and two cinemas are popular. There are several museums: Woodend for art, The Rotunda for geology, Scarborough Art Gallery for the fine arts.

The Grade II listed Scarborough Spa complex is home to the Scarborough Spa Orchestra, the last remaining seaside orchestra in the UK.

Fishing 
Scarborough's fishing industry is still active, though reduced in size. The working harbour is home to a fish market with a shop and wooden stalls. Fresh, locally-caught seafood can be bought by the public. A seaweed farm has been in operation since 2018.

References
Scarborough

Scarborough is the name of several things. They include:

Places 
 Scarborough, North Yorkshire, England
 Scarborough, Maine, United States
 Scarborough, Toronto, Canada

People 
 Joe Scarborough, a television host

Transport 
 Scarborough (ship), an Australian ship
 Scarborough railway station, in North Yorkshire
Fish farm

A fish farm is a place where fish are bred. In most cases, this is done for food. There are two basic types of fish farms:
Those where the fish are raised in tanks
Those where fish are raised in specially prepared areas of the oceans, lakes or rivers.

The most common fish species raised by fish farms are salmon, carp, tilapia, catfish and cod.

There are many problems related to fish farming:
Sometimes fish can escape. This is only an economical impact if the fish also occur naturally, but can have a big impact if they do not.
The fish in the farms need to be fed, for this other (smaller) fish need to be raised.
Diseases and parasites may be a problem, because they spread much easier
Fish farms have a bad effect on the surrounding habitat

References

Aquaculture
Mansion

A mansion is a large and often luxurious house. It can be big enough for an owner, their family, and their many servants. One of the definitions is a large, imposing house. It was originally the called the same as a manor house but when similarly large houses were built in cities they were called "mansions". A "country house" is a common type of mansion in England.

Houses
The Miserable Mill

The Miserable Mill is a book by Lemony Snicket. It is the fourth book in a series called A Series of Unfortunate Events.

Plot summary 

Violet, Klaus, and Sunny Baudelaire go by train to Paltryville to meet their new guardian at the Lucky Smells Lumbermill. When they arrive there, they find that it's a very boring place and that rather than being cared for by their new guardian, Sir, they must work in his sawmill with his mistraught and underpayed employees. After breaking his glasses, Klaus is sent to the optometrist (eye doctor) Dr. Orwell. He becomes hypnotized by Dr. Orwell, and causes an “accident.” Sir therefore threatens that if they cause any more accidents they will be sent to live with Shirley, who is really Count Olaf in disguise. Olaf’s plans fail, because Violet learns the word that undoes Klaus’s hypnosis. In the end, the Baudelaire orphans must go to the boarding school Prufrock Prep.

A Series of Unfortunate Events
2000 books
Mass Effect

Mass Effect is an award-winning 2007 science fiction video game published by Microsoft and developed by BioWare. It was released for the Xbox 360 and later on the PC. The game takes place in the year 2183. Players control an elite human soldier called Commander Shepard and are able to explore the galaxy on his or her spacecraft, the SSV Normandy.

Plot and Universe 

Mass Effect has a very detailed fictional universe, with many of the concepts based on real science. There are over 20 alien races the player can meet in Mass Effect, with more planned for the sequels.

Themes 

The game has a science fiction setting and explores themes such as space, racism,  religion and the state of humanity. The main plot of the game involves the classic science fiction idea of robots or AI that have got out of control. According to the lead writer of Bioware, Star Wars, Aliens and Blade Runner were all influences on the games setting and plot.

Setting 

Mass Effect  is set 180 years in the future in the year 2183. According to the back story humans discovered some ancient technology on Mars. This enabled them to build faster than light spacecraft. With this technology humans explored the whole Solar System. Twenty years before the game begins human explorers find that Pluto's moon Charon, is really a Mass Relay. Mass Relays are the only way to travel from one distant end of the galaxy to the other. Mass Relays are ancient technology created by the Protheans, the now exctict race that once ruled the galaxy. This enables spacecraft and people to be sent across the galaxy.

References 

Microsoft video games
2007 video games
PlayStation 3 games
Xbox 360 games
Science fiction
Free and open-source software

Free and open source software (for short: FOSS, means free software and/or open source software) is software whose source code is open and available to anyone who wishes to:
 improve it,
 study it,
 modify it, and
 share the original and the modifications with others.

These additional rights are generally granted to the user through the GPL, LGPL, or BSD license.

Related pages
 Free software
 Open source
 Free software movement
 Free Software Foundation
 Linux

Software
Free software movement

The free software movement is a software movement which aims to improve the user's rights on software and reducing proprietary (non-free) software through the use of operating systems such as Ubuntu. The movement is generally signified through open source software such as Mozilla Firefox, Mozilla Thunderbird, FileZilla and open source operating systems such as Linux and ReactOS. The movement is against non-free software that restricts the user's rights. Examples of non-free software include Microsoft Windows, Adobe Acrobat and UltraEdit.

The word 'free' is ambiguous in English. Here, it means 'free as in freedom', not 'free as a gift'. It does not mean that the software is available at no cost. An example is, "think of free speech, not free beer."

Related pages
 Free Software Foundation
 GNU General Public License
 Linux
 Mozilla Firefox

Software
How to Save a Life

How to Save a Life is a studio album by The Fray. The album was released in September of 2005. Singles include "How to Save a Life", "Over My Head (Cable Car)", "All at Once", and "Look After You". It was recorded in Bloomington, Indiana, a small city around 50 miles outside of Indianapolis.

Singles Discography 
2005 - "Over My Head (Cable Car)"
2006 - "How to Save a Life"
2007 - "Look After You"
2007 - "All at Once"

Other Albums 
Other albums related to How to Save a Life include:
2002 - Movement EP
2003 - Reason EP

2005 albums
How to Save a Life (song)

"How to Save a Life" is an alternative rock song off the album by The Fray called How to Save a Life. The single contains various music videos. How to Save a Life was written by Isaac Slade and Joe King.

2006 songs
Mount Chimborazo

Mount Chimborazo is a mountain and an extinct volcano in Ecuador. Its last eruption is thought to have been over a thousand years ago.

The top of Mount Chimborazo is the farthest away from the centre of the Earth as is possible to get on land. Although Mount Everest is higher, Chimborazo is farther from Earth's center due to the fact that the earth bulges at the equator.

References 

Volcanoes of Ecuador
Mountains of Ecuador
OpenOffice Draw

OpenOffice Draw is a vector graphics editor and is part of the OpenOffice office suite. It has "connectors" between shapes, that are available in many types of line styles and allow people to build drawings such as flowchart. It also includes many features found in desktop publishing software.

OpenOffice users can also install the Open Clip Art Library, which adds a lot of flags, logos, icons and banners for general presentation and drawing projects. Linux distributions Debian and Ubuntu also have ready-to-use openclipart packages for easy download and install from their online software repositories.

Released under the terms of the Apache License, Draw is free software.

Related pages
 Microsoft Publisher
 Scribus
 Scalable Vector Graphics
 Open Clip Art Library
 OpenOffice

References

Other websites 
Draw information page
 Graphics Applications Project
 Draw FAQ
User resources at OOo Wiki

How to use Draw 
 OOo2.0 Draw Guide (6.5MB PDF) 
 How-to: Get to Grips with OpenOffice.org Draw (PDF, free download from official How-tos)
 Sample Reference Card for OpenOffice.org Draw 2.0 made by cluesheets.com
 OpenOffice.org Draw Templates for designing and drawing labels
 OpenOffice Custom Shapes, a repository of custom shapes you can use with OpenOffice Draw
 Clker online clipart, offers public domain images in ODG & SVG format, directly usable by openoffice

OpenOffice
Diagramming software
Graphics software
Vector graphics editors
OpenOffice Math

OpenOffice Math is a tool for creating and editing mathematical formulas, similar to  Microsoft Equation Editor and is part of the OpenOffice office suite. The created formulas can then be put into other OpenOffice.org documents, for example, those created by Writer. It allows multiple fonts and can export to PDF.

Released under the terms of the Apache License, Math is free software.

Related pages
 OpenOffice
Microsoft Equation Editor

References

Other websites 
 Product information page from the OpenOffice.org website
 Official FAQ from the OpenOffice.org website
 Formula Reference and How-to from the official How-to documentation
  - includes lots of examples of how to use OOMath

Related Applications 
Dmaths is a Math enhancement package for OpenOffice.org licensed under GPL.
OOoLateX is a set of OpenOffice.org macros designed to integrate LaTeX equations (OOoForum discussion )

OpenOffice
Tony Lazzeri

Anthony Michael Lazzeri (December 6, 1903 – August 6, 1946) was a Major League Baseball player, mostly for the New York Yankees. He is a member of the Baseball Hall of Fame. He won the World Series with the Yankees in 1927, 1928, 1932, 1936, and 1937.

Other websites

American baseball players
Sportspeople from San Francisco
Brooklyn Dodgers players
Chicago Cubs players
New York Giants (NL) players
New York Yankees players
National Baseball Hall of Fame members
1903 births
1946 deaths
Revolution Studios

Revolution Studios is a Los Angeles-based independent movie and television production company founded on January 12, 2000 by Joe Roth, and closed in 2007. In 2017, the company returned to production of films with their release XXX: Return of Xander Cage.

References 

Movie studios
Nose-picking

Nose-picking is the act of sticking a finger into the nose and digging inside. It is a taboo subject in most countries. It is considered to be very gross and disgusting despite being a very common habit. Nose-picking can also cause nose bleeds. Some people also eat boogers, which can be even more disgusting. If someone is seen picking their nose, it can be very embarrassing.

Other websites 
 BBC home: The Truth About Nose-picking
 Toddlers and Nose Picking
 
  
 
 (In fact) Nose-picking favorite occupation of the Dutch  (March 2007)  Translated version
 Another article on same topic (August 2008)  Translated version
 For an elaborate spoof, see "Nose-picking in the Pongidae and Its Implication for Human Evolution", said to be from the American Journal of Nasal Anatomy, (1987)

Habits
Adiabatic process

An adiabatic process is a thermodynamic process where a fluid becomes warmer or cooler without getting heat from, or giving it to, something else. Usually the temperature instead changes because of changes in pressure.

Adiabatic cooling is the usual cause of clouds. When warm, humid air rises due to convection or other cause, water condenses to make clouds, and in some cases precipitation.  Convection also causes  cold air to sink. This warms it adiabatically, often destroying a cloud and sometimes causing any precipitation to evaporate before hitting the ground.

Description

If we take some fluids in an insulated system and expand or compress the system very fast, the system won't be able to gain or loose any heat (from outside of the system). (In reality, you can't get a perfectly insulated system. But in some cases, the heat transfer is so low that we can call them adiabatic process.)

From the first law of thermodynamics, we know that,

Here,  is the change of internal energy;  is the change of heat and  is the change of work.

Since there occurs no heat transfer in adiabatic process, the  becomes 0. So, for adiabatic process, the equation is,

Again, we know that .(;; ; so, )

Here,  is volume;  is force;  is pressure;  is the area and  is the distance.

So, the equation stands as,

Which means, by doing work (changing volume), one can change the internal energy (and so the temperature) in a adiabatic process.

Adiabatic process for ideal gas (for reversible adiabatic process)

In the case of Adiabatic process (see the upper section), 

Again, in constant volume, the heat capacity of one mole gas is, 
 

Here,  is the change of temperature and  is the temperature।

But, in constant volume (as no work is done),

So,
 

From the first (1) equation, 

Now, the Ideal gas law for one mole gas is,
 

Here,  is the gas constant.

By differentiating the last equation,

Or,

Now from equation (2), we get, 
 

Since,  (Mayer's relation),
 

Here,  is the heat capacity of gas at constant pressure.

Simplifying the equation (3),
 

If,
 , 
Then,
 

By dividing both sides of the equation (4) with  we get,
 

Integrating (Integration leaves a constant) the equation (5),
 

If we assume that,
 ,

We get,
  

Simplifying the equation (6),
 

This is the relation between pressure and volume in adiabatic process.

References

 

Thermodynamics
Oklahoma Land Run

The Land Rush of 1889, also known as the Oklahoma Land Run, was the first land run into the Unassigned Lands of Oklahoma.

19th century in Oklahoma
1889 in the United States
Five Civilized Tribes

The Five Civilized Tribes is the term applied to five Native American nations, the Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Creek, and Seminole, considered civilized by white settlers during that time period because they adopted many of the colonists' customs and had generally good relations with their neighbors.

Native American
Anadarko, Oklahoma

Anadarko is the county seat of Caddo County, Oklahoma, United States. The population was 6,645 at the 2000 census.

County seats in Oklahoma
Cities in Oklahoma
Petroleum industry

The petroleum industry includes the global processes of exploration, extraction, refining, transporting (often by oil tankers and pipelines), and marketing petroleum products. The largest volume products of the industry are fuel oil and gasoline (petrol). 

Fuel
Cyrus Avery

Cyrus Stevens Avery (1871–1963) was known as the "Father of Route 66".  He created the route while a member of the federal board appointed to create the Federal Highway System, then pushed for the establishment of the U.S. Highway 66 Association to pave and promote the highway.

References

Businesspeople from Pennsylvania
1871 births
1963 deaths
U.S. Route 66

U.S. Route 66 (also known as Route 66, U.S. Highway 66, The Main Street of America, The Mother Road and the Will Rogers Highway) was a highway in the U.S. Highway System. One of the original U.S. highways, Route 66 was established on November 11, 1926.  However, road signs did not go up until the following year. The famous highway originally ran from Chicago, Illinois, through the U.S. states of Missouri, Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, and California, before ending at Los Angeles, running a total of . It was replaced by freeways starting in the 1950s and stopped being a highway in 1985.

References

Other websites 
 Official Website of Historic Route 66 (National Scenic Byway) in Illinois
 Route 66 : From Chicago to California 

66