cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
The Best Damn Thing

The Best Damn Thing is an album and hit song by musical artist Avril Lavigne. It was released April 17, 2007. The lead single off the album, "Girlfriend" was released on February 27, 2007. The song was very successful and peaked in a lot of countries #1. This was Lavigne's first Billboard Hot 100 chart number one. The second single, "When You're Gone" was released on June 19, 2007. The song was quite successful, peaking at #3 on the UK Singles Chart. The third single, "Hot" was released on October 2, 2007. The song was unsuccessful in the U.S, it debuted two months after its release on the Billboard Hot 100 at #95. But the song was successful in Canada, it peaked at #10 on the Canadian Hot 100. The fourth and final single from the album was "The Best Damn Thing". It was released on June 24, 2008. The single was not very successful, it peaked at #76 on the Canadian Hot 100. The Best Damn Thing sold 6 million copies worldwide.

Track listing

Original / Deluxe Edition 
CD
 "Girlfriend" (Avril Lavigne, Lukasz Gottwald) 3:37
 "I Can Do Better" (Lavigne, Gottwald) 3:17
 "Runaway" (Lavigne, Gottwald, Kara DioGuardi) 3:48
 "The Best Damn Thing" (Lavigne, Butch Walker) 3:10
 "When You're Gone" (Lavigne, Walker) 4:00
 "Everything Back But You" (Lavigne, Walker) 3:03
 "Hot" (Lavigne, Evan Taubenfeld) 3:23
 "Innocence" (Lavigne, Taubenfeld) 3:53
 "I Don't Have to Try" (Lavigne, Gottwald) 3:17
 "One of Those Girls" (Lavigne, Taubenfeld) 2:56
 "Contagious" (Lavigne, Taubenfeld) 2:10
 "Keep Holding On" (Lavigne, Gottwald) 4:00

Deluxe Edition Bonus DVD
 "The Making of The Best Damn Thing"
 "Photo Gallery"

Limited Edition 
CD
 "Girlfriend" (explicit) 3:37
 "I Can Do Better" (explicit) 3:17
 "Runaway" 3:48
 "The Best Damn Thing" 3:10
 "When You're Gone" 4:00
 "Everything Back But You" (explicit) 3:03
 "Hot" 3:23
 "Innocence" 3:53
 "I Don't Have to Try" (explicit) 3:17
 "One of Those Girls" 2:56
 "Contagious" 2:10
 "Keep Holding On" 4:00
 "Alone"1 (Avril Lavigne, Lukasz Gottwald, Max Martin) 3:14
 "I Will Be" (Avril Lavigne, Lukasz Gottwald, Max Martin) 4:00
 "I Can Do Better" (acoustic version) (explicit) 3:40
 "Girlfriend" (The Submarines' Time Warp '66 mix) (explicit) 3:11
 "Girlfriend (Dr. Luke Remix)" (featuring Lil Mama) (A. Lavigne, L. Gottwald, Niatia Kirkland) 3:25

DVD
Live at Orange Lounge
 "Everything Back But You" 3:02
 "Girlfriend" 3:39
 "Hot" 3:22
 "When You're Gone" 3:57

Music Videos
 "Girlfriend" 3:48
 "When You're Gone" 4:01
 "Hot" 3:23
 "Girlfriend (Dr. Luke Remix feat. Lil Mama)" 3:25

1 Also available on Girlfriend single.

References

Avril Lavigne albums
2007 albums
Pop rock albums
Punk albums
The Sisterhood of the Traveling Pants

The Sisterhood of the Traveling Pants is a series of books by Ann Brashares. It is about a group of girls named Bridget (the leader), Lena Kigales (the shy and beautiful), Carmen (the dramatic one), and Tibby (the rebellious girl). These girls find a pair of pants that fit all four of them, though one girl is fat, one girl is short and one girl is super thin. There are 4 books in the series. It was made into a film in 2005.

Fiction books
Series of books
Complicated

Complicated was the first and perhaps the most popular song sung by Avril Lavigne. It was released in 2002. It was on her album Let Go. Other songs on the same CD single are "I Don't Give" and additional "Why"  on maxi-cds.   
It was at one point #1 in the charts in Canada, UK, Australia and the US. She was 17 when she sang it and she and her band wrote it together.

2002 songs
Avril Lavigne songs
Navel piercing

A navel piercing is type of piercing to the bellybutton. It is the second most popular piercing, next to ear piercing. It is considered a form of body art. There can be multiple piercings and it is possible to change rings, depending on how you pierce it.

Jewelry
Flag of Brazil

The Brazilian Flag is the flag of Brazil. It is the flag that has gone through the most changes and the current flag was made and used in May of 1992, and still use it today.

Flag 
It has gone through changes many times, changes including stars, colour and other things.

A list of constellations and stars on the map:
 Procyon (α Canis Minoris),
 Canis Major, with the largest star depicting Sirius,
 Canopus (α Carinae),
 Spica (α Virginis)
 Hydra
 Crux
 Sigma Octantis (σ Octantis; south pole star)
 Triangulum Australe
 Scorpius, with the largest star depicting Antares

Brazil
Brazil
From the Mixed-Up Files of Mrs. Basil E. Frankweiler (1995 movie)

From the Mixed-Up Files of Mrs. Basil E. Frankweiler is a 1995 television movie based on E.L. Konigsburg's novel From the Mixed-Up Files of Mrs. Basil E. Frankweiler. The story is about a girl and her brother who run away from home to live in the New York Metropolitan Museum of Art and find what they think is a lost treasure. The children, Claudia and Jamie, are amazed with the treasure and would not leave without knowing what its secret is. Lauren Bacall stars in the title role.

Before this movie, the book was made into a 1973 feature movie starring Ingrid Bergman, later released on home video as The Hideaways.

Cast
 Lauren Bacall as Mrs. Basil E. Frankweiler
 Jean Marie Barnwell as Claudia Eleanor Kincaid
 Jesse Lee Soffer as James Lincoln "Jamie" Kincaid
 Miriam Flynn as Evelyn Kincaid
 Mark L. Taylor as Ralph Kincaid
 M. Emmet Walsh as Morris
 Devon Gummersall as Steve Kincaid
 Del Hunter-White as Cora
 Warren Munson as Mr. Jordan
 Everett Wong as Bruce
 Tim Haldeman as Herbert
 El Konigsburg as Sarah

Other websites
 

1995 movies
Television movies
Movies based on books
624 Hektor

624 Hektor is the biggest of the Jovian Trojan asteroids. It was found in 1907 by August Kopff.

Hektor is a D-type asteroid, dark and reddish in colour. It lies in Jupiter's leading Lagrangian point, L4, called the 'Greek' node after one of the two sides in the legendary Trojan War. Ironically, Hektor is named after the Trojan hero Hektor, and is thus one of two Trojan asteroids that is "misplaced" in the wrong camp (the other being 617 Patroclus in the Trojan node).

Hektor is one of the most stretched bodies of its size in the solar system, being 370 × 200 km. It is thought that Hektor might be a contact binary (two asteroids joined by gravitational attraction) like 216 Kleopatra. Hubble Space Telescope sightings of Hektor in 1993 did not show an obvious stretched shape because of a limited angular resolution.  On July 17, 2006, the Keck-10m II telescope and its Laser guide star Adaptive Optics (AO) system indicated a stretched shape for Hektor. Additionally, since this AO system provides an excellent and stable correction (angular resolution of 0.060 arcsec in K band), a 15-km moon at 1000 km from Hektor was found. The moon's provisional designation is S/2006 (624) 1.  Hektor is, so far, the only known binary Trojan asteroid in the L4 point and the first Trojan with a moon. 617 Patroclus, another big Trojan asteroid in the L5, is made of two same-sized asteroids.

References

Other websites 
 Orbital simulation from JPL (Java) / Ephemeris

Trojan asteroids
Golden Horse Film Festival and Awards

The Golden Horse Film Festival and Awards or simply Golden Horse is a movie festival and awards ceremony held annually in Taiwan. The ceremony usually takes place in November or December in Taipei.

The awards, contested by movies submitted from Taiwan, Hong Kong, China and elsewhere, are generally held to be the most prestigious for Chinese language movies outside the People's Republic of China. The awards ceremony is held after the month-long movie festival, which showcases some of the nominated movies for the awards. 

Winners are selected by a jury of judges during the week before the ceremony is held. Winners are awarded with a golden horse statuette.

Under current rules and regulations, every movie made primarily in any dialect of Chinese language is eligible for competition. Since 1996, almost any artist or movie from mainland China was allowed to enter the movie  festival.

Other websites 
 金馬獎官方網站 Golden Horse Official Website
 The 42nd Golden Horse Film Festival and Awards
 Cri.CN
 Golden Horse 2005 
 Golden Horse 2004

Movie awards
Movie festivals
Taipei
Festivals in Asia
Golden Melody Awards

The Golden Melody Awards () or sometimes shorted to just Golden Melody are music awards annually presented in Taiwan. The Awards began in 1990.

Categories for Awards 
This is an incomplete list.
 Best Feature Film
 Best Short Film
 Best Director
 Best Documentary
 Best Animation
 Best Director
 Best Leading Actor
 Best Leading Actress
 Best Supporting Actor
 Best Supporting Actress
 Best New Performer
 Best Original Screenplay

Other websites 

 Official website at the Government Information Office

References 

Music awards
C-pop
Ella Koon

Ella Koon, real name Ianna Koon, is a Chinese singer, actress and model.  She was born in Tahiti, French Polynesia, and was raised in Hong Kong, where she is currently based.

She speaks Cantonese, English, French and Mandarin languages.

Life

Early career 
After finishing high school in Birmingham, England, she began her career as a model in 2000. She debuted into the film industry in the romance movie I Do.

Later career 
In 2004, she started her singing career and released her debut Original (album). In early 2005, She participated in the TVB show Hotel Situation. Her second album Ellacadabra was released in late 2005. In mid-2005, Koon starred in the TVB's series Revolving Doors of Vengeance (酒店風雲), making her a well-known actress as well. She also starred in Survivor's Law II in 2007.

Discography
Original (2004)
Ellacadabra (2005)
Lose Sanity: 失常 (2006)
Stages (2008)
Being (2010)
Take a Shine To... (2011)

References and other websites

Ella's Official Blog 
Takungpao.com 
Ella in Pinkwork City (when she was a newcomer)
Ella Interview with Sound & Video

1979 births
Living people
French Polynesia
Chinese singers
Chinese movie actors
Survivor's Law II

Survivor's Law II is a Chinese TV drama series. It aired in Hong Kong starting 24 December 2007 and ending 18 January 2008. It is the sequel to the 2003 series Survivor's Law. However, three members of the original cast did not appear in this sequel due.

Plot synopsis
MK Sun (real name Sun Man Kwan) was a teenager who once stopped a drug smuggler, but then was wrongly accused of being the one taking drugs. Despite his background, he hired a famous lawyer to help him and not surprisingly, he won. The lawyer, named Brandon, became his idol, and MK Sun grew up to be a lawyer.

Years later, MK was trying to get a job in his idol's company, T&B. He beats Brandon's wife, Brenda in a case, and started working there. There he meets a stubborn, rich, and spoiled girl named Lily, who only cares about her self and appearnace. They became enemies because of each other's backgrounds and attitudes.

MK then meets Vincent. Vincent thought of MK as ghetto, but soon realizes he was wrong. After having a fight with him in soccer, Vincent punched the umpire but MK Sun took the blame. Soon, they become friends.

After splitting with his former girlfriend Jessica, Vincent falls in love with a coffee shop girl called Choi Yuk. Vincent had his license for being a lawyer taken away for three years and could not get his license back yet. After getting a chance to work again and start a new refreshing career, he started only caring for himself. He was so determined that he went against Choi Yuk and her family, and even MK. Choi Yuk thought he betrayed them and only cared about himself so she ended the relationship.

After a while, Lily and MK start to have feelings for each other and eventually get married in court.

Soon, Choi Yuk gets into hospital after taking a beating in the head by someone and falling into a coma, and gives birth to a baby boy Jophy. Vincent then gets hit in the head when Choi Yuk wakes up and loses his memory. However, to prevent Choi Yuk from despairing too much from not remembering her and Jophy, he proposes and they get married.

Vincent never regains his memory and ends up working in the shop with Choi Yuk. MK and Lily share a happy and playful relationship.

Cast
 Kenneth Ma as MK Sun (Sun Man Kwan)
 Sammul Chan as Vincent Cheuk (Cheuk Wai Ming)
 Ella Koon as Lily Suen (Suen Lei Lei)
 Selena Li as Chang Choi Yuk
 Waise Lee as Brandon
 Rebecca Chan as Brenda
 Kwok Fung as Suen Bak To
 Queenie Chu as Noel Kan Ming Wei
 June Chan as Lai Na
 Power Chan as Sun Man Kam
 Yoyo Chen as Stephy
 Sharon Luk as Vice Principal
 Bernice Liu as Jessica

Ratings 
 Week 1 (Episodes 1-5): 26 points
 Week 2 (Episodes 6-9): 29 points, peaking at 31 points
 Week 3 (Episodes 10-15): 31 points
 Week 4 (Episodes 16-20): 31 points, peaking at 37 points

References
 Official Web Site 
 K for TVB Synopsis and Screenpcaptures

Drama television series
Benedictine

The word Benedictine usually refers to a follower of the Order of Saint Benedict. These people usually lead a life in an abbey. They follow the rule of Benedict of Nursia. Benedict lived in the 6th century. He made some rules, called the Rule of St Benedict these people follow. The rules can be summed up by pax (peace) and ora et labora (pray and work). 

Most Benedictines see themselves as part of the Catholic Church. Some can also be found in the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Anglican Church. Officially, the order is known as Ordo Sancti Benedicti (OSB).
Franciscan

The word Franciscan refers to followers of one of the religious orders that follow the Rule of St Francis. Saint Francis of Assisi lived in the 13th century. Franciscans usually lead simple lives without much money. Today, there are three main branches of these orders. They mostly see themselves as part of the Roman Catholic or Anglican Church. There are also small communities in the Old Catholic and Protestant Church.

 

cs:Řád menších bratří
Cistercian

The term Cistercian is used to refer to an order of Roman Catholic monks. Officially the order is called Ordo Cisterciensis (OCist), or Sacer Ordo Cisterciensis (SOC). These people follow the same rules as the Benedictines, that is to say those of St Benedict. Over time, the Benedictines made some changes to the rules and the way of life. 

The Cistercians reject these. They went back to what St Benedict had taught. Sometimes their rules were more strict than those St Benedict had given. They also went back to manual labour, especially work in the fields. Because of this, the Cistercians helped spread technologies around Medieval Europe. In 1882 certain monasteries formed a new order, called the Trappists. With time, they split completely from the Cistercians.

Roman Catholic religious orders
Geographic coordinate system

A geographical coordinate system is a coordinate system. This means that every place can be specified by a set of three numbers, called coordinates. 

A full circle can be divided into 360 degrees (or 360°); this was first done by the Babylonians; Ancient Greeks, like Ptolemy later extended the theory.

Today, degrees are divided further. There are minutes, and seconds; 1 minute (or 1') in this context is 1/60 of a degree; 1 second (or 1") is 1/60 of a minute.

The first concept needed is called latitude (Lat, or the Greek symbol "phi", ). For it, the Earth is cut up into 180 circles, from the Equator at 0°. The poles are at 90°, the North Pole is at 90° N(orth), the South Pole is at 90° S(outh). Places with the same latitude are on a circle, around the Earth.

The other concept is called longitude (Long, or the Greek symbol "lambda", ), sometimes referred to as "meridian". The 0° longitude line (or zero meridian) goes through the Royal Observatory in Greenwich. Greenwich is a part of London. Then lines are drawn in a similar way; the opposite (or "antipodal") meridian of Greenwich is considered both 180°W(est), and 180°E(ast).

The third number is the height, altitude, or depth. This is given with respect to some fixed (usually easily calculable point). One of these is called mean sea level.

Coordinate systems
Geocodes
Altmarkkreis Salzwedel Rural District

Altmarkkreis Salzwedel is a district in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany.

History 
The old Altmark region, included parts of the neighbouring district of Stendal. In the 10th century it was the eastern border of the Holy Roman Empire.

In the Late Middle Ages many towns were members of the Hanseatic League.

The modern district was established in 1994 by joining the former districts of Gardelegen, Klötze, Salzwedel and part of Osterburg.

Coat of arms

Towns and municipalities

Other websites 
 Official Website (German)
 Touristical website for the Altmark region (German)
 Drömling Nature Park (German, English)

Government Districts of Saxony-Anhalt
Sankt Pauli

Sankt Pauli (or St. Pauli) is a district of Hamburg. About 27,000 people live in St. Pauli. St. Pauli is a district where many people go to have fun. There are theatres, cinemas, and a red-light district (around the Reeperbahn) in St. Pauli. This quarter is called the Kiez. There, there are no closing times imposed for shops and restaurants. Most of St. Pauli is different, though. In the St. Pauli quarter of Hamburg based an important German football club (Fußball-Club St. Pauli).

References

Hamburg
Anhalt-Bitterfeld

Anhalt-Bitterfeld is a district in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Its capital is Köthen.

History 
This district was established by putting together the former districts of Bitterfeld, Köthen and a large part of Anhalt-Zerbst as part of the Saxony-Anhalt border reforms of 2007.

Towns and municipalities

Rural Districts of Saxony-Anhalt
Reeperbahn

The Reeperbahn is the central street in the district St.Pauli in Hamburg. Parts of it are considered to be a red-light district, but there are also theatres and cinemas near it.

Other websites
 Picture from the Reeperbahn  (in German)

Red light districts
Hamburg
Börde Rural District

Börde is a district in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany.

History 
The district was formed in the 2007 boundary changes by joining the old districts of Ohrekreis and Bördekreis.

Coat of arms

Towns and municipalities 
(population 31.12.2006)

Verwaltungsgemeinschaften with municipalities

Rural Districts of Saxony-Anhalt
Scale (zoology)

''For other uses of the word "scale" see scale (disambiguation)

In zoology,  a scale is a small, hard plate that grows out of an animal's skin to give it protection.  Fish and reptiles have scales.  

In animals such as  butterflies and moths,  scales are plates on the surface of the insect wing. They are often beautifully coloured.

Animal anatomy
Weighing scale

''For other uses of the word "scale" see scale (disambiguation)

Scales are used to measure the weight of an item. To use a scale, the item which needs to be weighed is put on one side of the scale. Then, weight stones are put on the other side. Once the scale balances (that is the indicator between the two scales is in the middle), the correct weight is chosen.

There are also modern scales, where the item is simply put on the scale. Its weight can then be read from an electronic or analogue display. 

Weighting Scales are used to measure the weight of an item. To use a scale, the item which needs to be weighed is put on one side of the scale. Then, usually stones are put on the other side to compare the weight of the stone with the weight of the object you have chosen. If both cups are in the middle, it means that the weights of the objects are equal. If one cup is more up while the other one is down, it means that the one that is down is the heavier one. For example:  If you place a small stone in one cup, and a watch in the other cup, and the cup with the watch goes down and the stone obviously goes up, it means that the watch has a greater weight than the stone.

Other websites
"The Precious Necklace Regarding Weigh Scales" is an old book from 1780 that was written by an Egyptian writer about scales
"Industrial electronic scales" - Learn more about Industrial electronic scales.

Basic English 850 words
Measuring tools
Burgenlandkreis

Burgenlandkreis is a district in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. It was formed by joining the old districts of Burgenlandkreis and Weißenfels as part of the boundary changes of 2007.

On 16 July 2007 the district parliament decided to change the name back to Burgenlandkreis from 1 August 2007.

Towns and municipalities

References
Harz (district)

Harz is a rural district in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany.

History 
The district was made by joining the old districts of Halberstadt, Wernigerode and Quedlinburg as well as the city of Falkenstein (from the district of Aschersleben-Staßfurt). This was part of the reform of all districts in 2007.

Towns and municipalities

References
Jerichower Land

Jerichower Land is a district (Kreis) in the north-east of Saxony-Anhalt, Germany.

History 
After World War II the old Prussian districts of Jerichow were changed. Some areas were given to the neighbouring districts of Havelberg, Rathenow, Brandenburg, Loburg and Zerbst. The two districts were also renamed after their chief town. Jerichow became Burg, and Jerichow II became Genthin. In 1952 the district of Burg was split into two parts, Loburg and Burg.

In 1994 the two districts of Burg and Loburg were merged, and took the old name of Jerichow. In 2007, 6 municipalities from the former district of Anhalt-Zerbst (Hobeck, Lohburg, Lübs, Prödel, Rosian and Schweinitz) were added to Jerichower Land.

The name is from a group of tribes of early Slavic. The name is not connected with how the . city of Jericho.

Coat of arms

Towns and municipalities

References

Other websites
 Official website (German)

Rural Districts of Saxony-Anhalt
Mansfeld-Südharz Rural District

Mansfeld-Südharz is a district in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany.

History 

The district was made by joining the old districts of Sangerhausen and Mansfelder Land as part of the boundary changes of 2007.

Towns and municipalities

References

Rural Districts of Saxony-Anhalt
Saalekreis

Saalekreis is a district in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany.

History 
The district was established by merging the former districts of Merseburg-Querfurt and Saalkreis as part of the boundary changes of 2007.

Towns and municipalities

References
Salzlandkreis

Salzland is a district in the middle of Saxony-Anhalt, Germany.

History 
The district was made by joining the old districts of Bernburg, Schönebeck and Aschersleben-Staßfurt (except the town Falkenstein) as part of the boundary changes of 2007

Towns and municipalities

References

Other websites 

 Das Informations-Portal für den Salzlandkreis

Rural Districts of Saxony-Anhalt
Stendal (district)

Stendal () is a district (Kreis) in the north-east of Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. It was formed in 1994 by joining the old district of Stendal with the districts Osterburg and Havelberg.

Partnerships
The districts has twin town agreements with
, Yarzevo District
, Mažeikiai district
, Vårgårda
, , Lippe

Coat of arms

Towns and municipalities

References

Other websites 
 Official website 

Rural Districts of Saxony-Anhalt
Wittenberg (district)

Wittenberg is a district (Kreis) in the east of Saxony-Anhalt, Germany.

History 
In 1994 the district was merged with the district of Jessen and a small part of the district of Gräfenhainichen. In 2007, 27 municipalities from the former district Anhalt-Zerbst were added to the district of Wittenberg.

Coat of arms

Towns and municipalities 
Population figures are as at 30 June 2005.

After the resolution of 6 October 2005, as part of municipal reform, the 27 towns and communities of the Verwaltungsgemeinschaften of Coswig and Wörlitzer Winkel, formerly in the Anhalt-Zerbst district, were assigned to Wittenberg district on 1 July 2007.

References

Other websites 
 Official website
STS-122

STS-122 is the name of the 121st flight of the Space Shuttle, taking seven people into outer space to visit the International Space Station. The flight delivered a module to the space station, called Columbus. The Space Shuttle Atlantis carried the module. The flight started at 19:45 UTC, on 7 February 2008, from the Kennedy Space Center in Florida. The flight ended on 20 February, at 14:07 UTC, when the Shuttle went back to the Kennedy Space Center.

Crew
Seven people were aboard the Space Shuttle. They are; Stephen Frick, who was the Commander, the man in charge of the Space Shuttle, Alan G. Poindexter, who was the Pilot, the man who flied the Shuttle, Leland D. Melvin, Rex J. Walheim, Hans Schlegel and Stanley G. Love, who were there to fit the Columbus onto the space station. Léopold Eyharts was also on board. He lived on the Space Station for a month. Daniel M. Tani, who was on the space station came home aboard the Soyuz spacecraft.

Flight

Launch 
The flight was originally scheduled to launch, on 6 December 2007. A problem with a part of the fuel tank used to work out how much fuel was left went wrong, which meant the start of the flight had to be delayed. After the same part went wrong in an attempt to start the flight on 9 December, the start of the flight was moved to January 2008, and later to February. The flight started on 7 February 2008. Some people at NASA were worried that bad weather might stop the launch, but the bad weather cleared up in time for a good launch.

Landing 
At 13:00 UTC, a 2-minute-43-second de-orbit (opposite of making an orbit) burn was conducted. Then it entered in the atmosphere at 13:35 UTC. Atlantis touched down on Runway 15 of the Kennedy Space Center at 9:07:10 EST (14:07:10 UTC). The wheels of the orbiter stopped at 09:08:08 EST (14:08:08 UTC).

Mission
The people aboard STS-122 had several jobs to do. The main job was to add the new room, or module, Columbus, to the space station. To do this, a robot arm, called a Remote Manipulator System, or RMS, will be used to lift Columbus out of the Space Shuttle, and move it over to a gap in the side of the space station. Two of the crew will then go outside, and fit parts to the module. Columbus will be used for scientific research.

References

Space Shuttle flights
2008 in the United States
February events
Silverwing (novel)

Silverwing is a best-selling novel, written by Kenneth Oppel and published in Simon & Schuster. It follows the journey for a group of silver-haired bats. The tone and artistic honor for bestsellers were compared to Watership Down. The four novels became part of the series. The first book was adapted into an animated television miniseries on Teletoon and Jetix. It was also released on DVD.

Story 
The series has four novels for the series, including the original one, Sunwing, Firewing and Darkwing.

Long ago, the rest of the animals banished the bats for not taking sides in the great war. Years later, the bats often roam outside at night to avoid the sun (the backstory inspired by Aesop's fable). When Shade breaks the law for the colony, the owls destroy their home, forcing the bats to migrate. Shade befriends Marina and learns an echo projection from Zephyr. Shade and Marina meet Goth and Throbb, two cannibal bats (Vampyrum spectrum) who were captured from South America and escaped from the laboratory. After Shade and Marina reunite with the colony, the bats resolve conflicts with the animals. After finding Cassiel, the owls allow the bats to roam outside anytime. Shade's son, Griffin, travels to the underworld, along with his friend Luna. After Shade sacrifices himself to foil the plan of Cama Zotz (a bat god opposing Nocturna), Griffin and Luna return home.

Characters 
Shade Silverwing: A silver-haired bat who uses echo projection.

Marina Brightwing: A red bat living in the island.

Chinook: The son of Plato and Isis.

Frieda: A wise bat making decisions and having a silver band. She later dies in Sunwing.

Ariel: Shade's mother and Cassiel's mate.

Goth: One of the cannibal bats living in the jungle and the servant of Cama Zotz and Nocturna, the goddesses of bats.

Throbb: Goth's brother-in-law who is killed by a thunderstorm in the novel.

Other websites

Novels
1997 books
Drive-through

A drive-through or drive-thru is a way of achieving quick service, particularly at restaurants. There are also drive-throughs at other places, such as banks or coffee shops.

Examples
 Alcohol at a drive-through liquor store
 Banking services at a drive-through bank
 Coffee at a drive-through coffee shop
 Dairy products at a drive-through dairy store (notably the Skinner Dairy shops of North-East Florida)
 Drugs at a drive-through pharmacy
 Food or drink at a drive-through restaurant (typically fast food)
 Marriage (primarily at special drive-through marriage chapels in Las Vegas in the United States)

Buildings and structures
Space Shuttle Columbia

The Space Shuttle Columbia (OV-102)was a spacecraft used by NASA to fly into outer space. It was the first Space Shuttle to fly into space, on April 12, 1981. It broke apart while re-entering the Earth's atmosphere on February 1, 2003, killing all seven people who were on it at the time. The shuttle flew a total of 28 missions. The Columbia was named after a US Navy ship that circumnavigated the world in 1836. It was also the name of the Apollo 11 Lunar Excursion Module.

Cause of destruction 

A piece of insulating foam from the external fuel tank peeled off during the launch 16 days earlier and struck the shuttle's left wing.
A hole was punctured in the leading edge of the wing. During the intense heat of re-entry, hot gases entered the interior of the wing, destroying the support structures and causing the rest of the shuttle to break apart.

Crew

 Commander: Rick D. Husband, a U.S. Air Force colonel and mechanical engineer, who piloted a previous shuttle during the first docking with the International Space Station (STS-96).
 Pilot: William C. McCool, a U.S. Navy commander
 Payload Commander: Michael P. Anderson, a U.S. Air Force lieutenant colonel and physicist who was in charge of the science mission.
 Payload Specialist: Ilan Ramon, a colonel in the Israeli Air Force and the first Israeli astronaut.
 Mission Specialist: Kalpana Chawla, an Indian-born aerospace engineer on her second space mission.
 Mission Specialist: David M. Brown, a U.S. Navy captain trained as an aviator and flight surgeon. Brown worked on a number of scientific experiments.
 Mission Specialist: Laurel Clark, a U.S. Navy captain and flight surgeon. Clark worked on a number of biological experiments.

Missions

References 

Columbia
MADtv

MADtv was a television show that aired on FOX from October 14, 1995 to May 16, 2009. It is a comedic show where they perform sketches, improv and songs. It is rated TV-14 because of profane language and sexual substances. It was on air for fourteen seasons. It showed at 23:00/22:00 central.

It has been nominated for Emmy Awards, Image Awards and Young Artist Awards.

On November 12, 2008, it was announced that their 14th season is the last season. In July 26, 2016, MADtv come back until September 27, 2016.

References

Comedy television series
Fox television series
English-language television programs
1995 television series debuts
2016 television series endings
Atlas V

Atlas V is an orbital launch vehicle used by the United Launch Alliance (made of two companies, Boeing and Lockheed Martin) to place satellites into orbit. It is a  rocket  tall, and  wide. It has flown 79 times, since its first flight on August 21, 2002. It was developed from the Atlas (missile). Unlike the Space Shuttle, Atlas V is only used once, with a new rocket being built for each flight.

The rocket is made of the first stage, a Common Core Booster with an RD-180 engine from Russia. Every Atlas V has this as the first stage. The second stage is called Centaur, and has one/two RL-10 engines from Aerojet Rocketdyne. On top is a  wide fairing covering the spacecraft during launch.

Flights 
As of the end of 2018, the Atlas V has made 79 flights.  The most famous ones carried the New Horizons, Mars Science Laboratory (which had the Curiosity rover in it), Juno, the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter, the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter/LCROSS, the Boeing X-37B, the Mars 2020 mission which carried the Perseverance rover and the Mars Helicopter Ingenuity, and in the future, the launch vehicle for Boeing's CST-100 Starliner used for crewed flights to the International Space Station.

Variants 

The Atlas V has a special way of naming the different kinds. The Atlas V nomenclature for numbering the variants goes like this: The first number says how wide the fairing is. A 400 series Atlas V has a 4-meter wide fairing. A 500 series Atlas V has a 5-meter wide fairing. An Atlas V N22 have no fairing since it will be the launch configuration for the Boeing's CST-100 Starliner. second number says how many strap-on solid rocket boosters the rocket has. An Atlas V 501 has no strap-on boosters, an Atlas V 441 has 4 strap-on boosters, while the Atlas V N22 has two strap-on boosters, which will be the Boeing Starliner launch configuration. The last number says how many engines the Centaur second stage has. All of the Atlas V rockets flown have had only 1 engine on the Centaur, but in the future other Atlas V rockets will have 2 engines on the Centaur upper stage, such as the Atlas V N22 that I frequently mentioned in this article. There is also the HLV which has two of the first stage (Common Core Booster) strapped on like strap-on boosters, but it has never flown.

Related pages 
 Juno
 Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter
 Mars Science Laboratory
 NASA
 New Horizons

References 

Rockets
Barnim

Barnim is a district in Brandenburg, Germany.

History 
The district was made in 1993 by joining the old districts of Bernau and Eberswalde.

The district is in the same place as the area of forest where noblemen started hunting in the 13 ury, but is smaller than the old region.

Coat of arms

Towns and municipalities

Other websites
 Official website (German)
Dahme-Spreewald

Dahme-Spreewald is a district in Brandenburg, Germany.

History 
The Spreewald region has always been a centre of Sorbian culture.

When the state of Brandenburg was newly founded in 1990, the districts of Lübben, Luckau and Königs Wusterhausen were formed. In 1993 the three districts were merged.

Coat of arms

Towns and municipalities

Other websites 
 Official website 
 Spreewald touristical website 
 Spreewald Biosphere Reserve 

Rural Districts of Brandenburg
Elbe-Elster

Elbe-Elster is a Kreis (district) in the southern part of Brandenburg, Germany.

History
The district was established in 1993 by merging the former districts (Kreise) of Finsterwalde, Bad Liebenwerda and Herzberg.

Geography
The district is named after two rivers: The Elbe river forms the western border with Saxony. The Schwarze Elster ("Black Elster") is a tributary of the Elbe and runs through the district. The district is part of the Lusatia region. The fens along the Black Elster are a habitat of several rare animals, like kingfishers, beavers and otters.

Coat of arms

Towns and municipalities

Other websites
 Official Website 
 Touristic website

Rural Districts of Brandenburg
Jennifer Hudson

Jennifer Kate Hudson (born September 12, 1981 in Chicago, Illinois) is an American Academy and Grammy Award-winning singer and actress. She gained fame on American Idol. She is the most successful American Idol contestant who did not win. 

She went on to star as Effie White in the 2006 motion picture musical Dreamgirls. Her awards include an Oscar, a Golden Globe, a BAFTA, and a SAG Award. She is native to Chicago, Illinois. Hudson is married to WWE professional wrestler, David Otunga.

Hudson worked as a coach on the UK and US versions of The Voice from 2017 to 2019, becoming the first female coach to win The Voice UK.

In 2020, she will star as Aretha Franklin in Respect.

References

Other websites 

1981 births
Living people
Actors from Chicago
African American actors
African American musicians
American movie actors
American R&B singers
American soul musicians
American stage actors
Singer-songwriters from Chicago
Models from Chicago
American Idol contestants
Heinrich Sutermeister

Heinrich Sutermeister (born Feuerthalen, 12 August, 1910 – died Vaux-sur-Morges, 16 March, 1995) was a Swiss composer.

When he was young he was a student at the main music school in Munich, Germany, where the famous German composer Carl Orff was his teacher. Orff strongly influenced his music. Later he returned to Switzerland, where he lived as a composer.

His most important works are Romeo und Julia and Die Schwarze Witwe (The Black Widow). Romeo und Julia has been played the first time in Dresden in 1940, under the famous conductor Karl Böhm. During the following years Sutermeister made operas for the radio and television.

Works 
 Max und Moritz, ballet after Wilhelm Busch
 Die schwarze Spinne, 'Funkoper' after Jeremias Gotthelf, 1936
 Romeo und Julia, opera after William Shakespeare, 1940
 Die Zauberinsel, opera after Shakespeare, 1942
 1. Piano Concerto, 1943
 Niobe, 'Monodram', 1946
 Capriccio for unaccompanied Clarinet in A,1946
 Raskolnikoff, opera after Fyodor Dostoevsky, 1948
 Die Alpen, fantasy on Swiss folksongs, 1948
 Der rote Stiefel, opera, 1951
 2. Piano Concerto, 1953
 Missa da Requiem, 1953
 1. Cello Concerto, 1954-55
 Titus Feuerfuchs oder Die Liebe, Tücke und Perücke, opera, 1958
 3. Piano Concerto, 1961-62
 Das Gespenst von Canterville, play with music for television after Oscar Wilde, 1962-63
 Poème funèbre - En mémoire de Paul Hindemith for string orchestra, 1965
 Omnia ad Unum, cantata, 1965-66
 Madame Bovary, opera after Gustave Flaubert, 1967
 2. Cello Concerto, 1971
 Te Deum, 1975
 Clarinet Concerto, 1975-76
 Consolatio philosophiae, 'Scène dramatique', 1979

Other websites
 Composers Schott-Music: Heinrich Sutermeister 

1910 births
1995 deaths

Swiss composers
20th-century composers
Joseph Fourier

Jean Baptiste Joseph Fourier (21 March 1768 – 30 May 1830) was a French mathematician and physicist. He is best known for starting the investigation of Fourier series. He used them for work on problems of heat flow. Fourier also helped the discovery of the greenhouse effect, by  suggesting the atmosphere might act as an insulator.

Life 
Fourier was born at Auxerre as the son of a tailor.  He lost both his parents at the age of 9. He then went on to study at the Convent of St Mark.

He joined the military academy in Auxerre. Aged sixteen, he became a teacher. At age 26, he entered the École normale supérieure in Paris. People like Joseph-Louis Lagrange, Gaspard Monge, and Pierre-Simon de Laplace were among his teachers.

He took part in the French Revolution of 1789. During the Reign of Terror he was almost executed at the guillotine, but the death of Robespierre saved him this fate. He later took part in the French campaign in Egypt and Syria.

Later, as a diplomat, he is put in charge of the scientific background of the Institut d'Égypte. On his return, Napoleon put him in charge of the Isère department.

In 1810, Fourier created the university in Grenoble, and becomes its first head. In 1817, Fourier became a Member of the Académie des Sciences. On the death of Jean-Baptiste Joseph Delambre in 1822 he became head of the mathematics section. In 1826, Fourier was elected to the Académie française.

References

Other websites

1768 births
1830 deaths
French academics
French mathematicians
Members of the Académie française
People from Bourgogne-Franche-Comté
French theoretical physicists
File server

A file server is a computer joined to a web network or to a home network, and that can store many files in the server's hard disk(s).

Characteristics 
The file server can be a normal computer, or a Network Attached Storage, which is a special computer created to only be a file server. Often people recycle their old computer and they modify it to become a file server which can hold photos, songs, films, and backups. Sometimes web servers that are "hand made" are used as a media center, people put things on the file server (for example movies) and then watch (or use) the things on the file server, often on a Television (like how a DVD player works).

Related pages
Server

Computers
Adliswil

Adliswil is a municipality of the district Horgen in the canton of Zürich in Switzerland.

References

Other websites 

 Official website 

Municipalities of Zürich
Cities in Switzerland
Aesch, Zürich

Aesch is a municipality of the district Dietikon in the canton of Zürich in Switzerland.

Other websites
 Aesch Online Official website 

Municipalities of Zürich
Aeugst am Albis

Aeugst am Albis is a municipality of the district Affoltern in the canton of Zürich in Switzerland.

References

Other websites
 Official website 

Municipalities of Zürich
Affoltern am Albis

Affoltern am Albis is a municipality of the district Affoltern in the canton of Zürich in Switzerland.

Other websites
 Official website 

Municipalities of Zürich
Cities in Switzerland
Gino Severini

Gino Severini (7 April 1883 – 26 February 1966), was an Italian painter. He was a founding member of the Futurist movement. 

As a young man, he was introduced to Impressionism. This is a type of painting that was popular in the late 1800s. In the early 1900s, he became interested in Cubism. In the 1920s, he started to paint more traditionally and painted a few murals in Switzerland. In the 1940s, he started painting more abstractly again. He died in 1966 in Paris.

Related pages
 List of Italian painters

Italian painters

1883 births
1966 deaths
New York Jets

The New York Jets are an American football team. They are a part of the National Football League (NFL). Even though they are called the New York Jets they play in New Jersey. They hail from the same stadium as the New York Giants. They have many fans in New York and New Jersey. The New York Jets started playing in 1960. They have only won one championship.

The Jets were originally called the New York Titans. They played their games in the Polo Grounds. When they moved to Shea Stadium in 1964, they were called the Jets. That was a more modern-sounding name, and it also rhymed with "New York Mets", the other team that played its games at Shea. The New York Jets have won only one super bowl in 1969 , this victory was guaranteed by their QB, Joe Namath,  in the media in the weeks leading up to the game.

Sports in New Jersey
National Football League teams
List of settlements in Ontario

This is a list of settlements in Ontario, Canada. Settlements are listed by the number of people living in them and by order of letters (A-Z).

1,000,000 or more
T
Toronto (2,503,281)

500,000 - 999,999
H
Hamilton (504,559)
M
Mississauga (704,000)
O
Ottawa (812,129)
Y
Regional Municipality of York (892,712)

100,000 - 499,999
B
Barrie (128,430)
Brampton (433,806)
Burlington (164,415)
C
Cambridge (120,371)
Chatham-Kent (108,177)
G
Greater Sudbury (157,857)
Guelph (127,009)
K
Kingston (117,207)
Kitchener (204,668)
L
London (352,395)
M
Markham (261,573)
O
Oakville (165,613)
Oshawa (141,590)
R
Richmond Hill (162,704)
S
St. Catharines (131,989)
Sudbury, see Greater Sudbury
T
Thunder Bay (109,140)
V
Vaughan (238,866)
W
Whitby (111,184)
Windsor (216,473)

50,000 - 99,999
A
Ajax (90,167)
B
Brantford (90,192)
C
Caledon (57,050)
Clarington (77,820)
H
Halton Hills (55,289)
K
Kawartha Lakes (74,561)
M
Milton (53,939)
N
Newmarket (74,295)
Niagara Falls (82,181)
Norfolk County (62,563)
North Bay (53,966)
P
Peterborough (74,898)
Pickering (87,838)
S
Sarnia (71,419)
Sault Ste. Marie (74,948)
W
Waterloo (97,475)
Welland (50,331)

10,000 - 49,999
A
Amherstburg (21,748)
Aurora (47,629)
B
Belleville (48,821)
Bowmanville (31,830)
Bracebridge (15,682)
Brockville (21,957)
C
Cobourg (18,210)
Collingwood (17,290)
Cornwall (45,965)
County of Brant (34,415)
E
Elliot Lake (11,549)
F
Fergus (10,017)
Fort Erie (29,925)
G
Gravenhurst (10,899)
Grimsby (24,240)
H
Haldimand County (45,212)
Huntsville (18,280)
L
LaSalle (25,285)
Leamington (28,833)
Lincoln (21,722)
M
Midland (16,300)
N
Niagara-on-the-Lake (14,587)
North Dundas (11,095)
O
Orangeville (26,925)
Orillia (30,259)
Owen Sound (21,753)
P
Pelham (16,155)
Port Colborne (18,599)
Q
Quinte West (42,697)
S
South Dundas (10,535)
St. Clair (14,659)
Stratford (30,461)
T
Thorold (18,244)
Tillsonburg (14,822)
Timmins (42,997)
W
West Lincoln (12,268)
Woodstock, Ontario (35,480)
Woolwich (19,658)

1,000 - 9,999
A
Alliston (9,679)
B
Blind River (3,780)
C
Central Huron (7,806)
Central Manitoulin (1,944)
Chapleau (2,354)
D
Dysart et al, Ontario (5,966)
E
Espanola (5,314)
F
Forest (2,857)
G
Georgian Bay (2,340)
Goderich (7,563)
I
Iroquois Falls (4,729)
L
Lake of Bays (3,570)
M
Muskoka Lakes (6,000; up to 34,000 in summer)
N
North Dumfries (9,063)
Northeastern Manitoulin and the Islands (2,531)
P
Plympton-Wyoming (7,506)
S
Southgate (7,107)
W
Wainfleet (6,258)
West Perth, Ontario (8,919)

999 or less
A
Assiginack (914)
B
 Baldwin, Ontario (551)
Barrie Island (47)
Billings (551)
Burpee and Mills (362)
C
Cockburn Island (10)
D
Dawson (66)
Deer Lake (868)
G
Gordon (412)
Gore Bay (898)
P
Pickle Lake (479)
R
Robinson (204)
T
Tehkummah (382)

Please Note: All the populations shown on this page are city propers (where the city hall is), metropolitan area populations (if any) are higher than the populations shown on this page.

Ontario
Ouida

Ouida was the pen name of the English writer Maria Louise Ramé (although she preferred to be known as Marie Louise de la Ramée).  Ramé was born in Bury St. Edmunds, England, to a French father and an English mother. Her pen name came from the way she pronounced her name when she was a child.

Bibliography 
 Two Little Wooden Shoes (1874)
 Afternoon (1883)
 An Altruist (1897)
 Ariadne (1877)
 Beatrice Boville and Other Stories (1868)
 Bimbi: Stories for Children (1882)
 Cecil Castlemaine's Gage (1867)
 A Dog of Flanders (1872)
 Chandos  (1866)
 Critical Studies (1900)
 Dogs (1897)
 Don Guesaldo (1886)
 Frescoes: Dramatic Sketches (1883)
 Friendship (1878)
 Folle-Farine  (1871)
 Guilderoy (1889)
 Helianthus  (1908)
 Held in Bondage (1863)
 A House Party (1887)
 The Silver Christ and A Lemon Tree (1894)
 Idalia (1867)
 In a Winter City (1876)
 In Maremma  (1882)
 La Strega and Other Stories (1899)
 Le Selve and Other Tales (1896)
 The Massarenes (1897)
 Moths (1880)
 Muriella; or, Le Selve (1897)
 The New Priesthood: A Protest Against Vivisection (1893)
 Othmar (1885)
 Pascarel (1874)
 Pipistrello and Other Stories (1880)
 Princess Napraxine (1884)
 Puck (1870)
 A Rainy June (1885)
 Ruffino and Other Stories (1890)
 Santa Barbara and Other Stories (1891)
 Signa (1875)
 The Silver Christ (1894)
 Strathmore  (1865)
 Street Dust and Other Stories (1901)
 Syrlin (1890)
 The Tower of Taddeo (1892)
 Toxin (1895)
 Tricotrin (1869)
 Two Offenders and Other Tales (1894)
 Under Two Flags  (1867)
 Views and Opinions (1895)
 A Village Commune  (1881)
 Wanda (1883)
 The Waters of Edera (1900)

Other websites 
 Works by Ouida at Internet Archive
 Works by Ouida  at The Victorian Women Writers Project

1839 births
1908 deaths
English writers
Pen names
Théodore Géricault

Théodore Géricault (September 26, 1791 – January 26, 1824) was an important French painter, known for The Raft of the Medusa and other paintings. He was one of the people who started the Romantic movement. 

Born in Rouen, France, Géricault was schooled in English sporting art by Carle Vernet and in classical figure composition by Pierre-Narcisse Guérin, who saw that he had talent. 

His first big work, The Charging Chasseur, shown at the Paris Salon in 1812, showed the influence of the style of Rubens and an interest in contemporary topics.

1791 births
1824 deaths 
French painters
People from Rouen
Burials at Père Lachaise Cemetery
Giada De Laurentiis

Giada Pamela De Laurentiis is an Italian-American chef and host for Food Network TV shows. She was born on August 22, 1970. She is the granddaughter of movie director Dino De Laurentiis. She was born in Rome and grew up in Los Angeles.

De Laurentiis studied at Le Cordon Bleu in Paris, France.

On May 25, 2003, she married Todd Thompson. The two had been dating since July 1989. The couple's only child is Jade Marie De Laurentiis-Thompson.  She was born on March 29, 2008. On December 29, 2014, De Laurentiis announced on her website that she and Todd separated in July, and have decided to end their marriage.

In 2008, she won a Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lifestyle Host.

She is also the voice of "Paulette", a character on the animated children's show Handy Manny.

References

1970 births
Living people
American chefs
People from Los Angeles
Food Network
Emmy Award winners