cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Rudolph Boysen

Charles Rudolph Boysen (July 14, 1895 – November 25, 1950) was a California horticulturist. Boysen worked as Anaheim City Parks superintendent from 1921-1950. He created the boysenberry, a hybrid between several types of blackberries, raspberries, and loganberries.

Boysenberry

Rudolph Boysen experimented with various berry crosses in Napa, California in the 1920s. In 1923, his hybrid successfully grew and bore fruit. However, unable to make his new berry a commercial success, Boysen abandoned his crop after breaking his back in an accident.

Years later, after he had moved to Orange County, a fellow grower named Walter Knott heard about the berry and tracked down Boysen. Walter Knott was able to bring a few dying vines back to life at his farm, now known as Knott's Berry Farm in Buena Park, California. Knott named the fruit after Boysen.

References

Other websites
Google link for Boysen Park
Charles Rudolph Boysen, Anaheim Superintendent of Parks 
Boysen Park in Anaheim, California 

1895 births
1955 deaths

Scientists from California
Spyro the Dragon (character)

Spyro the Dragon is a video game character from the video game series with the same name, where he is the main hero. He is a purple dragon who goes on missions to help protect his home world which is the Dragon Realms. He is usually followed by a yellow dragonfly named Sparx and in the earlier games Sparx would be Spyro's health bar. His main attack in the games are ramming enemies with his horns. He also has 5 breath abilities: fire, water, bubbles, electricity and ice.

Other websites
Spyro the Dragon on Giant Bomb

Fictional characters introduced in 1998
Fictional dragons
Video game protagonists
Spyro 2: Ripto's Rage!

Spyro 2: Ripto's Rage! (known as Spyro 2: Gateway to Glimmer in Europe and Australia and Spyro X Sparx Tondemo Tours in Japan) is a platform video game that was published by Sony Computer Entertainment. It was released for the PlayStation video game system on October 31, 1999 in North America, on November 5, 1999 in PAL region and on March 16, 2000 in Japan.

The game got a 8.6 out of 10 from GameSpot and a 8.8 out of 10 from IGN.  

It is the second game in the Spyro video game series. It is the sequel to Spyro the Dragon, is followed by Spyro: Year of the Dragon and remade as a part of Spyro Reignited Trilogy.

1999 video games
PlayStation-only games
Spyro video games
Concentrate

A concentrate is a special form of a substance, where one of the base components is mostly removed. The most common case is the removal of the solvent from a solution: Fruit juice concentrate will have most of the water removed. The benefit of this is that the concentrate takes up less volume, and weighs less than the original solution. This can save transportation costs. When needed, the solvent can simply be added again.

Physical chemistry
Chemical compounds
Biophilia

Biophilia is the musical project and seventh studio album from Icelandic singer Björk. The album was released in 2011.

The album is "partly recorded" on an iPad and was released in the form of a series of apps. The project is directed by Michel Gondry. Björk has described the project as a multimedia collection "encompassing music, apps, internet, installations and live shows". Material from the album debuted in summer 2011 during a series of concerts at the Manchester International Festival.

Tracklist 
 Moon
 Thunderbolt
 Crystalline
 Cosmogony
 Dark Matter
 Hollow
 Virus
 Sacrifice
 Mutual Core
 Solstice

References

Björk albums
2011 albums
North Atlantic oscillation

The North Atlantic oscillation is a climatic phenomenon in the North Atlantic Ocean. It controls the strength and direction of westerly winds and storms' tracks over the Atlantic Basin. It was discovered during the 1920s by Sir Gilbert Walker.

Weather
Steve McQueen

Terence Stephen "Steve" McQueen (March 24, 1930 - November 7, 1980) was an American actor.

McQueen died in Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, Mexico on November 7, 1980. The cause of death was mesothelioma. He was 50 years old.

Career 
Steve McQueen rose to fame in 1960, starring together with Yul Brynner, in the Western movie The Magnificent Seven. Three years after that success. He starred in another movie that would become a classic The Great Escape (1963), where he plays the role of a U.S. soldier imprisoned in a Nazi Prisoner of war camp.

The 1960s would see more success as McQueen starred in movies as such as The Cincinnati Kid (1965), and the action movie Bullitt (1968), in this movie he filmed many scenes on the streets of San Francisco, driving a powerful Ford Mustang without using a stunt driver.

In the early 1970s, McQueen had three hits, starring in the movies The Getaway (1972), by Sam Peckinpah, Papillon (1973), with Dustin Hoffman, and The Towering Inferno (1974), in which he plays role of fire department Chief O'Hallorhan,  the who led the rescue of people trapped in the building.

Steve McQueen received a four Golden Globe Awards for Love with the Proper Stranger (1964), The Sand Pebbles (1967), The Reivers (1969), and Papillon (1973).

He was nominated for an Academy Award for the movie The Sand Pebbles (1967).

Television 
Steve McQueen starred in the CBS Western TV series Wanted: Dead or Alive, as Josh Randall bounty hunter, he starred in the series between 1958 and 1961, and recorded 94 episodes.

He was also guest star on the TV series Goodyear Television Playhouse, Studio One, The 20th Century-Fox Hour, Climax!, Wells Fargo, Trackdown.

References 
 
 
 Steve McQueen: 20 Never-Seen Photos  - slideshow by Life magazine

More reading
 Gesprengte Ketten - The Great Escape, Behind the scenes , Photographs of cameraman Walter Riml. Helma Türk & Christian Riml, eds. House Publishing 2013, English/German

Actors from Indiana
American movie actors
American television actors
Cancer deaths in Mexico
Deaths from mesothelioma
Deaths from surgical complications
Movie producers from Indiana
1930 births
1980 deaths
Former Roman Catholics
Co-factor

A co-factor (or cofactor) is a chemical compound which is not a protein, but is attached to a protein. The compound is needed for the protein's biological activity. In most cases, the protein will be an enzyme, and the cofactor will help the enzyme work. If so, the cofactors are also called coenzymes. 

Cofactors which are complex organic molecules are often called coenzymes. If connected by a covalent bond they are a prosthetic group. But if they are just temporarily connected then the cofactor is a cosubstrate.

Some enzymes need several cofactors. Organic cofactors are often vitamins, or made from vitamins. Metallic ions are often cofactors, but many cofactors have both inorganic and organic parts.

References 

Enzymes
Connective tissue

Connective tissue is a  fibrous tissue. It is one of the four traditional classes of tissues (the others being epithelial, muscle, and nervous tissue).  

Connective tissue (CT) is found throughout the body.  It has 3 main components; cells, fibres, and extracellular matrix.  

Connective tissue makes up a variety of physical structures including, tendons, blood, cartilage, bone, adipose tissue, and lymphatic tissue. CT is classified into three subtypes: embryonic CT, proper CT, and special CT.      

Collagen is the main protein of connective tissue in animals and the most abundant protein in mammals, making up about 25% of the total protein content.

References 

Animal tissues
Collagen

Collagen is a group of naturally occurring proteins. In nature, it is found exclusively in animals, especially in the flesh and connective tissues of mammals.

It is the main component of connective tissue, and is the most abundant protein in mammals. It makes up about 25% to 35% of the whole-body protein content.

Collagen, in the form of elongated fibrils, is mostly found in fibrous tissues such as tendon, ligament and skin, and is also abundant in cornea, cartilage, bone, blood vessels, the gut, and intervertebral discs.

Collagen makes up 1% to 2% of muscle tissue, and accounts for 6% of the weight of strong, tendinous muscles.

Gelatin, which is used in the food industry, is collagen that has been irreversibly hydrolyzed.

References 

Proteins
Animal tissues
Hurricane Ginger

Hurricane Ginger is the second longest-lasting Atlantic hurricane on record. It started September 6, 1971 and lasted until October 5. The storm struck eastern North Carolina on September 30, causing $10 million in damage. Peak winds were 110 miles per hour during Ginger's life.

Hurricanes in the United States
Priory Green

Priory Green is a hamlet in the civil parish of Edwardstone, in the Babergh district, in the county of Suffolk, England. It has four listed buildings, including Barn to the North of Lynn's Hall, Lynn's Hall, Priory Cottage and Priory Farmhouse. There are also selfcatering cottages in Priory Green.

There used to be a monastery in Priory Green, called Edwardstone Priory. It was stated by Peter, Bishop of Winchester. The site is now Priory Farm.

Related pages 
 Listed buildings in Priory Green

References 
 GENUKI

Other websites 
 British history Edwardstone Priory
 Gengraph
 Get a map

Hamlets in Suffolk
Settlements in Babergh
Sudbury, Suffolk

Sudbury is a town in the Babergh district, in the county of Suffolk, England. For transport there is the A134 road and the A131 road. Sudbury is in the Stour Valley.

It is the birthplace of the eigtheenth century painter Thomas Gainsborough

References 

Towns in Suffolk
Settlements in Babergh
Boxford, Suffolk

Boxford is a village and civil parish in the Babergh district, in the county of Suffolk, England. Boxford has a church called St Mary's Church.

References 

Villages in Suffolk
Settlements in Babergh
Shelley, Suffolk

Shelley is a village and civil parish in the Babergh district, in the county of Suffolk, England. Shelley has a church called All Saints.

References 

Civil parishes in Suffolk
Villages in Suffolk
Hadleigh, Suffolk

Hadleigh is a town near the A1071 road, in the Babergh district, in the county of Suffolk, England. The name Hadleigh comes from Haethlega (a heath-covered place).

Hadleigh is the headquarters of Babergh District Council, but the largest town in the district is Sudbury

References 

Towns in Suffolk
Civil parishes in Suffolk
Settlements in Babergh
Lavenham

Lavenham is a village and civil parish on the A1141 road, in the Babergh district, in the county of Suffolk, England. Lavenham has a church called St Peter and St Paul.

References 

Villages in Suffolk
Civil parishes in Suffolk
Settlements in Babergh
Sudbury

Sudbury may mean:

Places

Canada
Greater Sudbury, Ontario (official name; the city continues to be known simply as Sudbury for most purposes)
Sudbury (electoral district), one of the city's federal electoral districts
Sudbury (provincial electoral district), one of the city's provincial electoral districts
Sudbury Basin (also known as Sudbury Structure), a meteorite impact crater and nickel mining district in Sudbury, Ontario
Sudbury District, a census division in Ontario which surrounds but does not include the city of Greater Sudbury

United Kingdom
Sudbury, Suffolk
Sudbury (UK Parliament constituency), the town's former electoral constituency
Sudbury, London
Sudbury, Derbyshire
Sudbury (HM Prison), a men's open prison in Sudbury, Derbyshire
Sudbury, a former name of Sedbury, Gloucestershire

United States
Sudbury, Massachusetts
Sudbury, Vermont
Sudbury River, a stream near Boston, Massachusetts

Other
Sudbury (TV pilot), based on the 1998 film Practical Magic
Sudbury Valley School, a Sudbury school in Framingham, Massachusetts, U.S.
Sudbury school, the educational model upon which the Sudbury Valley School is based
USS Sudbury (ID-2149), a United States Navy cargo ship in commission from 1918 to 1919
Simon Sudbury (d. 1431), also known as Simon Theobald or Simon of Sudbury, an Archbishop of Canterbury (1375–1381) and Bishop of London
Hutu

The Hutu or Abahutu are a Central African ethnic group. They live mainly in Rwanda and Burundi.

Population statistics
The Hutu are the largest of the three ethnic groups in Burundi and Rwanda. The United States Central Intelligence Agency says 84% of Rwandans and 85% of Burundians are Hutu. Other sources have found different statistics. The division between the Hutu and the Tutsi (the larger of the other two groups) is mainly based on social class, not ethnicity. There are no differences in language, culture or appearance between them.

References

Ethnic groups in Africa
Teenage Dream (song)

"Teenage Dream" is a single from Katy Perry's album of the same name. It was released July 23, 2010 via digital download and received mostly positive reviews from the music critics. The song topped the charts in several countries, including the United States and the Republic of Ireland.

Credits and personnel 
Credits adapted from Teenage Dream album liner notes.

Katy Perry – songwriting, vocals
Dr. Luke – songwriting, producer, drums, keyboards, programming
Max Martin –  songwriting, producer, drums, keyboards, programming
Benny Blanco – songwriting, producer, drums, keyboards, programming
Bonnie McKee – songwriting
Emily Wright – engineering
Sam Holland – engineering
Tucker Bodine – assistant engineering
Aniela Gottwald – assistant engineering
Serban Ghenea – mixing
John Hanes – mix engineering
Tim Roberts – assistant mix engineering
Brian Gardner – mastering

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

References

2010 songs
Katy Perry songs
William Holden

William Holden  (April 17, 1918 - November 12, 1981) was an American actor.

He was born in O'Fallon, Illinois and moved to South Pasadena, California when he was three. He was a star during the golden age of Hollywood. He began his career western movies, including Arizona and Texas. Holden starred in The Man from Colorado and Rachel and the Stranger. He won an Academy Award for Best Actor in Stalag 17. He was also nominated twice more for Sunset Boulevard (1951) and Network (1976). Among his best works in film highlights Submarine Command (1951), Sabrina (1954), The Bridge on the River Kwai (1957). He starred with John Wayne in The Horse Soldiers (1957), and with Richard Widmark in Alvarez Kelly (1966).  In 1969, he played an outlaw leader, in the Sam Peckinpah film, The Wild Bunch. In the 1970s, Holden worked in The Towering Inferno (1974), and When Time Ran Out (1980). He played the role of Richard Thorn, the adoptive father of a child possessed by the devil, in the second film of The Omen, Damien: Omen II (1978).

References

Other websites 

Profile @ Turner Classic Movies
William Holden Wildlife Foundation

1918 births
1981 deaths
Academy Award winning actors
Accidental deaths from falls in the United States
Deaths from hemorrhage
Actors from Illinois
American movie actors
Go West

Go West is an English pop duo. They were formed in 1982 by lead singer and drummer Peter Cox (born 17 November 1955, Kingston upon Thames, Surrey, England) and guitarist and singer Richard Drummie (born 20 March 1959, Twickenham, Middlesex, England). While they have had many successful singles in the United Kingdom, they are generally best known in the United States for their hits "King of Wishful Thinking" and "Faithful".

On 16 October 2009, Cox was announced as the new lead singer of Manfred Mann's Earth Band.

Discography

Albums

Singles

Reference

1982 establishments in England
1980s British music groups
1990s British music groups
2000s British music groups
2010s British music groups
English boy bands
English pop music groups
Musical groups established in 1982
Musical groups from London
Soul bands
Living in a Box

Living in a Box were an English pop band in the 1980s. They are best known for their debut single "Living in a Box". It was produced by Richard James Burgess.

Group members
Richard Darbyshire (born 8 March 1960, Stockport, Cheshire, England) - vocals, guitar
Marcus Charles Vere (born 29 January 1962) - Synthesizers 
Anthony "Tich" Critchlow (born 15 December 1960) - Drums

Discography

Singles

Albums
Studio
  Living In A Box (1987) UK #25, US #89
 Gatecrashing (1989) UK #21

Compilations
 The Best of Living in a Box (1999)
 The Very Best of Living in a Box (2003)

References

Other websites
 Living In A Box official website
 Richard Darbyshire official website 
 Discogs.com entry
 [ Living in a Box biography and discography] at Allmusic

1980s British music groups
1985 establishments in the United Kingdom
1990s British music groups
1990 disestablishments
1990s disestablishments in the United Kingdom
English pop music groups
Musical groups established in 1985
Musical groups from Sheffield
New wave bands
Soul bands
Musical groups disestablished in 1990
Girls, Girls, Girls

"Girls, Girls, Girls" is a single by the American heavy metal band Mötley Crüe. It is the first single from the album of the same name, released on May 11, 1987 and peaked on the Billboard Hot 100  at #12 and #20 on the Mainstream rock charts. American pop artist Lady GaGa wrote the song "Boys Boys Boys" as an homage to this song.

Music video
Mötley Crüe"s first video of "Girls, Girls, Girls" was banned from MTV due to nudity, it was shot at the Seventh Veil Strip Club in Los Angeles. There was trouble when finding a location because most strip clubs did not serve alcohol. The dancers were from mainly the Tropicana which was Vince Neil's favourite club and the Seventh Veil. The song and album were both written during a time when main songwriter Nikki Sixx, and co-writer Dominic Catanzarito were both addicted to heroin.

1987 songs
Jaguar Racing

Jaguar Racing was a Formula One team which raced from 2000 to 2004. It comes from Stewart Grand Prix. Ford bought the team in June 1999 and was to be renamed to Jaguar Racing to promote their Jaguar brand.

For their first season in 2000, the team hired former Stewart GP driver Johnny Herbert and the 1999 Championship runner-up (second place) Eddie Irvine. However, the team only finished in the points twice during the season. In 2001, Herbert was replaced by Luciano Burti, who was replaced four races in the season by Pedro de la Rosa. Although the team got double the amount of points finishes in 2001, including a podium (top three) in Monaco, this did not help the fact that the team did not have the same success as Stewart GP got in 1999.

In 2002 the team got worse, with three points finishes (but a podium in Italy), and a lot of financial (money) issues. Cutbacks were announced for the 2003 season, which included money savings, and a layoff (mass sackings of employees). In 2003, with a improved points system which allowed eight drivers to finish in the points, Jaguar Racing benefitted from this as they finished in the points eight times, with drivers Mark Webber, Antônio Pizzonia, and Justin Wilson replacing Pizzonia for the last five races. 2004 was to be the last season for Jaguar, keeping Webber, and hiring Christian Klien for the whole season. Five points finishes would follow, though financial difficulties would result in the team being bought out by Red Bull, then the team was renamed to Red Bull Racing.

Formula One Results
(key)

Formula One constructors
Railway brake

Railway brakes are brakes which are used for the cars of railway trains. The brakes are used to enable deceleration, to control acceleration when going down slopes or hills and to keep the cars standing while they are parked. There are several types of brakes, including vacuum brakes and air brakes.

Machines
Sex and the City 2

Sex and the City 2 is an American romantic comedy movie released in 2010. It is the sequel to Sex and the City. It is set in New York City and the United Arab Emirates. It stars Sarah Jessica Parker, Cynthia Nixon, Kim Cattrall and Kristin Davis with cameo appearances by Miley Cyrus, Liza Minnelli and Penélope Cruz. The movie received negative reviews by movie critics, but grossed over $288 million at the box office and became the highest grossing romantic comedy of 2010.

References

Other websites 

 
 
 
 
 
 Sex and the City 2 at The Numbers

2010 movies
2010s romantic comedy movies
American romantic comedy movies
American sequel movies
English-language movies
Movies set in Asia
Movies set in New York City
United Arab Emirates
Zarqa

Zarqa is a city in Jordan. It is about 25 km east of Amman. It is the third-largest city in Jordan. Hashemite University is a big university in Zarqa.

Other websites
Zarqa City website
Hashemite University

Cities in Jordan
Trace element

A trace element is present in only a small amount. The amount depends on context.

 In analytical chemistry, it is an element in a sample that has an average concentration of less than 100 parts per million (ppm) measured in atomic count, or less than 100 micrograms per gram. 

 In biochemistry, it is one that is needed in minute quantities for the proper growth, development, and physiology of the organism. In biochemistry, a trace element is also referred to as a micronutrient. See Cofactor.

In geology, its concentration is less than 1000 ppm or 0.1% of a rock's composition. The term is used mainly in igneous petrology.

References 

Chemical elements
Biochemistry
Geology
Dušan Švento

Dusan Svento (born 1 August 1985 in Ružomberok, Slovakia) is a Slovak football player  now playing as a midfielder for F.C. Red Bull Salzburg in Austrias t-mobile Bundesliga and the Slovakia team.

Before he went to Salzburg he was playing for Slavia Praha in the Czech Gambrinus league (2005 - 2009). In the 2010/11 season he played even as left defender due to many injured defenders in the team.

His first match in the national team was on 15 August 2006 in  a match against Malta. He scored his first goal for the team in his fourth match against Wales. The team qualified for the 2010 FIFA World Cup in South Africa but due to injuries he was not nominated for the squad.

Honours
Austrian Champion with Red Bull Salzburg 2009/10
Czech Champion with Slavia Prague 2008, 2009
Best Foreign Player of the Gambrinus League 2006

Other websites 
Dusan Svento Fangemeinschaft Red Bull Salzburg
Homepage Red Bull Salzburg Team-Dusan Svento (German)

1985 births
Living people
Slovak footballers
FC Red Bull Salzburg players
Indian music

There are lots of different varieties of Indian music. Most of the different types of music are similar to Western music types. Pop, classical, and folk are all included. India’s classical music has a history originating hundreds of years back and is still popular in India today, as religious inspiration or pure entertainment. Like Africa, India has many different ethnic groups, speaking their own languages, and having very distinct cultural traditions.

The tal, or tala, is a repeating rhythm pattern usually played by the tabla. It usually has between six and sixteen beats. The beats are grouped into small sections in the pattern. The first note in the pattern is called a ‘sam’. It shows the beginnings and ends of improvisation, so it is often emphasized.

The Raga is also a pattern, but it differs from Western scales or melodies. Ragas are sort of a mix of scales and melodies. They have particular ascending and descending patterns. Ragas are used to symbolize the time of day, season, mood or special occasion.

A drone is a note that’s either held or repeated throughout a piece of music. It’s usually the tonic note, the starting note. Nowadays, the drone is played by an electrical box, but traditionally, it is played using the tanpura, which is also known as the Tambura.

Improvisation is when the player does not have a prepared piece or an incomplete piece of music, and they make up notes as they play. Improvisation is recognized as a form of composition.

There are 4 types of structure in Indian Music, Alap, Jhor, Jhala and Gat/Bandish. Each of these has different roles in a piece of Indian music.

Alap is the name for the opening part of a piece of classical music from North India. It is a type of melodic improvisation that includes a Raga in it. Only the singer and the drone can be heard at this point.

Jhor is a more elaborate version of the Raga that is included in the Alap. It forms the beginning of the performance. This comes after Alap and before Jhala.

Jhala indicates the fast-paced ending of the Raga. It is often distinguished by the overcoming of the melodic component by the rhythm.

The Gat, or Bandish is a permanent composition set in a specific Raga. It is accompanied by the Tabla, a drone and melodic accompaniment by a sarangi , violin or harmonica.

Music
Entertainment in India
Music by nationality
Charles Darwin's books

Charles Darwin wrote about twenty books, including the most famous book in biology, the Origin of Species. The books covered the natural history sciences, now called geology, palaeontology, zoology, botany, anthropology, psychology and evolutionary biology.

The Origin of Species is the most important single book in the biological sciences, and its main ideas are well-supported by modern research.

The Voyage of the Beagle (1839) and The Descent of Man (1871) are also highly important.

Several of the other books were also ground-breaking.

List of books 
 1838-43: Zoology of the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle: published between 1839 and 1843 in five Parts (and nineteen numbers) by various authors, edited and superintended by Charles Darwin, who contributed sections to two of the Parts:
 1838: Part 1 No. 1 Fossil Mammalia, by Richard Owen (Preface and Geological introduction by Darwin)
 1838: Part 2 No. 1 Mammalia, by George Robert Waterhouse (Geographical introduction and A notice of their habits and ranges by Darwin)
 1839: Journal and Remarks (The Voyage of the Beagle)
 1842: The structure and distribution of Coral Reefs
 1844: Geological observations of volcanic islands
 1846: Geological observations on South America
 1849: Geology from A manual of scientific enquiry; prepared for the use of Her Majesty's Navy: and adapted for travellers in general. ed. John Herschel. 
 1851: A Monograph of the Sub-class Cirripedia, with figures of all the species. The Lepadidae; or, Pedunculated Cirripedes. Living barnacles.
 1854: A Monograph of the Sub-class Cirripedia, with figures of all the species. The Balanidae (or Sessile Cirripedes); the Verrucidae, etc.
 1851: A Monograph on the Fossil Lepadidae, or, Pedunculated Cirripedes of Great Britain. Fossil barnacles.
 1854: A Monograph on the Fossil Balanidæ and Verrucidæ of Great Britain
 1859: On the Origin of Species by means of natural selection, or the preservation of favoured races in the struggle for life
 1862: On the various contrivances by which British and foreign Orchids are fertilised by insects (Fertilisation of Orchids)
 1865: On the movements and habits of climbing plants (Linnean Society paper, published in book form in 1875)
 1868: The variation of animals and plants under domestication
 1871: The Descent of Man, and selection in relation to sex
 1872: The expression of emotions in Man and animals
 1875: Insectivorous plants
 1876: The effects of cross and self fertilisation in the vegetable kingdom
 1877: The different forms of flowers on plants of the same species
 1880: The power of movement in plants
 1881: The formation of vegetable mould through the action of worms

References 

 
Science books
19th-century books
Penelope Ann Miller

Penelope Ann Miller (born Penelope Andrea Miller, January 13, 1964) is an American stage and movie actress. She has acted in numerous movies and television programs.

She was born in Los Angeles, California on January 13, 1964. She has been married to Will Arnett from 1994 until they divorced in 1995. She is now married to James Huggins since 2000. With Miller she has two children.

References

Other websites

 
 

American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
Actors from Los Angeles
1964 births
Living people
Culture jamming

Culture jamming is a tactic by consumer social movements to either disrupt or subvert mainstream cultural institutions. It is also intended to expose dubious or substandard political thoughts on commercial culture. The tactics of culture jamming include refiguring fashion statements, product image and logos as means to challenge ideas about what is cool.

The term "culture jamming" was first used around 1984. 

Activism
Politics
Subdomain

A subdomain is the portion shown before a domain name, separated by a dot (.)

For example, a domain might look like this
example.com

Whereas the subdomain of this domain might look like this, shown here in bold
subdomain.example.com Examples 

Many sites use sub domains for applications such as email, calendars or different languages, including these examples. Subdomains again shown in bold
 mail.yahoo.com
 calendar.google.com
 en.wikipedia.org
eastnaija.com
east9ja.com

Internet
Websites

de:Domain#Subdomain
Tretinoin

Tretinoin is the acid form of vitamin A. It is also known as all trans retinoic acid, or ATRA. As a drug, it can be used used for the treatment of acne vulgaris and keratosis pilaris. The medicine goes under several brand names.

Drugs
Vitamins
Thunder Bridge

Thunder Bridge is a hamlet near the villages of Stocksmoor and Kirkburton, in the Kirklees district, in the county of West Yorkshire, England. Thunder Bridge is also near the A629 road. The bridge is Grade 2 listed.

References 

West Yorkshire
Hamlets in England
RuBisCO

Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase, better known as RuBisCO, is an enzyme that catalyzes the first major step of carbon fixation in the Calvin cycle. Carbon fixation is a process by which the atoms of atmospheric carbon dioxide are made available to organisms in the form of energy-rich molecules such as glucose. RuBisCO splits 6-C molecules into two equal parts.

RuBisCO is very important in biology and ecology because it catalyzes the primary chemical reaction by which inorganic carbon permanently enters the biosphere.

RuBisCO is also the most abundant protein in leaves and the most abundant protein on Earth. It accounts for 50% of soluble leaf protein (20-30% of total leaf nitrogen) and 30% of soluble leaf protein in plants (5-9% of total leaf nitrogen).

Given its important role in the biosphere, there are currently efforts to genetically engineer crop plants to contain more efficient RuBisCO.

Notes and references 
Notes

References

Biochemistry
Enzymes
Boyle's law

Boyle's law (also called Mariotte's law and the Boyle-Mariotte law) is a law about ideal gases.

The law can be stated as follows:

In other words, the volume of a constant mass of ideal gas at a constant temperature is inversely proportional to the pressure applied on it.

In symbols, the law is:

or

where P is the pressure of the gas, V is the volume of the gas, and k is a constant.

For a given mass of gas at a constant temperature, the product of the pressure and the volume is constant. As the volume decreases, the pressure increases in proportion, and vice versa. For example, when the pressure halves, the volume doubles.

Suppose you have a tank that contains a certain volume of gas at a certain pressure. When you decrease the volume of the tank, the same number of gas particles is now contained in a smaller space. Therefore, the number of collisions increases. Therefore, the pressure is greater.

Imagine you have a gas at a certain pressure (P1) and volume (V1). If you change the pressure to a new value (P2), the volume changes to a new value (V2). We can use  Boyle's law to describe both sets of conditions:

The constant, k, is the same in both cases, so we can say the following:

Example: The pressure of a gas is 3 atm and the volume is 5 litres. If the pressure is reduced to 2 atm, what is the volume?

∴ The volume will be 7.5 litres.

The law was found by Robert Boyle in 1662, and afterwards independently by Edme Mariotte in 1679.

References

Laws of physics
Science experiments
Dik Trom

Dik Trom is the main character in a series of five children’s books written in the Dutch language.  The author, C.Joh. Kieviet wrote the first book in 1891.  It was called “Uit het leven van Dik Trom” (“From the life of Dik Trom”).  The books became extremely popular and they continue to be very popular today, more than 100 years after they were written.

The Life of Dik Trom
Dik Trom was a naughty boy who got up to lots of tricks with his friends.  However, he is a very honest boy and he is very kind, so the readers like him.

Dik Trom lived in the village of Hoofddorp in the Harlemmermeer in the north of Holland.  This is the village where the author grew up, so he was setting the stories in his own village, and based a lot of the characters on real people he had known.

Dik’s real name was “Dirk”.  This is a common Dutch name.  Dirk was very fat, even as a boy, so he soon became known as “Dik” (the Dutch word “dik” means “fat”).  The word “trom” means “drum” so his name really means “Fat Drum”.

Dik’s parents love him very much, but they are no good at disciplining him.  When he does something naughty his father just says: “‘t is toch een bijzonder kind - dat is-ie” (“he’s a really special child, that he is”).

Dik is always brave, he is never a coward.  His friends want to go and annoy a little old lady, but Dik persuades them to go and annoy the village policeman, and he has a leading role in that adventure.

Another adventure tells how Dik said he could ride a donkey without falling off.  The donkey belonged to the village merchant, and it was a stubborn beast that always tried to throw off its riders.  Dik managed to stay on by sitting backwards on the donkey and holding on to its tail.  This is how Dik is usually seen in pictures, and there is a statue of him in the village of Hoofddorp which shows him on the donkey.

Other books about Dik Trom
Kieviet found it difficult at first to find a publisher for his book, because the main character was naughty.  Once it had appeared in a second edition with some illustrations it became very popular, and Kieviet followed it with four other books about Dik, and one about Dik’s son.  Eight films have been made about Dik Trom, the most recent in 2010.

List of Dik Trom books
 1891 Uit het leven van Dik Trom  (“From the life of Dik Trom”) Valkhoff & Co.
 1907 De zoon van Dik Trom (“Dik Trom’s son”) Valkhoff & Co.
 1912 Toen Dik Trom een jongen was (“When Dik Trom was a boy”) Kluitman. 
 1920 Dik Trom en zijn dorpsgenoten (“Dik Trom and his fellow villagers”) Kluitman. 
 1923 Het tweede boek van Dik Trom en zijn dorpsgenoten. (“The second book of Dik Trom and his fellow villagers”) Kluitman.  
 1931 De avonturen van Dik Trom. (“The Adventures of Dik Trom”) Kluitman.

References
 “Uit het leven van Dik Trom” by C.Joh. Kieviet - Alkmaar gebr. Kluitman

Children's books
Dutch culture
Characters in written fiction
Uranium-235

Uranium-235 is a radioactive isotope of uranium. Uranium-235 has 143 neutrons, 92 protons, and an isotope mass of 235.0439299.  Uranium-235 has 235Pa, 235Np, and 239Pu as its parent isotopes.  As it decays, it produces 231Th. Uranium-235 has a half-life of 703.8 million years. Uranium-235 makes up about 0.72% of natural uranium. When it is separated from the other uranium isotopes, it is called enriched uranium. The main use for enriched uranium is in Nuclear reactors.  

Enriched uranium is best known for its use in the bombing of Hiroshima on August 6, 1945.  The bomb called Little Boy used Uranium-235. Uranium-235 can be used for nuclear fission.  This fission is about 504.81 barns for slow thermal neutrons and 1 barn for fast thermal neutrons.  Uranium-235 was discovered in 1935 by Arthur Jeffrey Dempster.

Actinides
Isotopes
Eddie Gustafsson

Douglas Edward „Eddie“ Alexander Gustafsson McIntosh (born  31 January 1977 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania) is a football player. He is currently playing for F.C. Red Bull Salzburg as goalkeeper in the Austrian t-mobile league.

He started playing football in 1983 with IFK Stockholm. He played afterwards for IFK Stockholm, IFK Norrköping, Molde FK, Ham-Kam and Lyn Oslo. 2009 he signed for F.C. Red Bull Salzburg. On April 18th, 2010 he was injured severely during the awaymatch versus LASK Linz and had to recover 317 days. On March 2nd, 2011 he came back in the away match versus Kapfenberg and is now again the Nr.1 goalkeeper of FC Red Bull Salzburg. In January 2011 he singed a new contract till 2014.

Honours
 Austrian Champion with Red Bull Salzburg 2009, 2010
 Goalkeeper of the year in Norway: 2008
 Goalkeeper of the year in Austria: 2010

Gallery

References
Red Bull Salzburg Homepage

Other websites
 Eddie Gustafsson (Fangemeinschaft Red Bull Salzburg)

Swedish footballers
Association football goalkeepers
1977 births
Living people
FC Red Bull Salzburg players
Sportspeople from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Broderick Crawford

William Broderick Crawford (December 9, 1911 – April 26, 1986) was an American actor.

Career 
Born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S., his first film was Woman Chases Man (1937). He was in Beau Geste (1939), a classic starring Gary Cooper.
 
His got an Academy Award and a Golden Globe in 1950 for  his role in the 1949 movie Decepción, directed by Robert Rossen.

In the 1950s he worked with Glenn Ford in Convicted (1950, directed by Henry Levin), Human Desire (1954, directed by Fritz Lang) and the western classic The Fastest Gun Alive (1956), where he played a gunslinger who wants to prove he is the fastest gun.

He starred in the famous Italian film directed by Federico Fellini, Il bidone (1955). 

In 1966 he co-starred with Audie Murphy in The Texican (1966). In 1970 he starred in Ransom Money, where he played a police inspector who led the rescue of a child who was kidnapped by a gang.

He narrated the film The Candidate (1972) and starred Terror in the Wax Museum (1973), a horror film starring Ray Milland and John Carradine. Towards the end of the 1970s, he had a great performance in the film The Private Files of J. Edgar Hoover (1977), directed by Larry Cohen.

Television 

Crawford starred in Highway Patrol (1955-1959).  He played Chief Dan Mathews, an experienced highway police chief.

Crawford also worked on films for television such as The Challenge (1970), The Phantom of Hollywood (1974), Look What's Happened to Rosemary's Baby (1976), and Mayday at 40,000 Feet! (1976).

Crawford was a special guest star in Rawhide, The Virginian, The Girl from U.N.C.L.E., The Man from U.N.C.L.E., Cimarron Strip, Banacek, Vega$, Fantasy Island, and others.

Other websites 

 
Watch Highway Patrol
Broderick Crawford in Il Bidone
 Profile @ Turner Classic Movies

1911 births
1986 deaths
American movie actors
American television actors
Actors from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Best Actor Academy Award winners
Peter Graves

Peter Graves (March 18, 1926 – March 14, 2010) was an American actor.

Early life
His mother was of German ancestry; his father of Norwegian.

Career
In the early years of his career he starred in sci fi movies  such as Red Planet Mars (1952), Killers from Space (1954), and some low-budget western movies, including Fort Defiance (1951) and Fort Yuma (1955). He played Morgan Earp, in Wichita (1955), with Joel McCrea and directed by Jacques Tourneur. 
 
Peter Graves won the role of traitor prisoner Sgt. Price in the movie Stalag 17 (1953), directed by Billy Wilder and starring William Holden. Another of his movies was The Night of the Hunter (1955), with Robert Mitchum.

Other movies include Texas Across the River (1966), with Dean Martin, The Ballad of Josie (1967), The Five Man Army (1969), where he leads a group of mercenaries in Mexico.
 
In 1980s he plays a crazy pilot, in the comedy movie Airplane! (1980) and Airplane II: The Sequel (1982). 
 
His last movie was Addams Family Values (1993).

Television
In 1967 Graves replaced Steven Hill in the CBS television series Mission: Impossible. He played the role Jim Phelps leader of a group of spies.  He worked on the series from 1967 until 1973. He returned later to make Mission: Impossible 1988.

He also had a relative success in the series Fury (1955-1960), Whiplash (1961), and Court Martial (1965-1966).

Her performances include specials such as Hallmark Hall of Fame, Fireside Theatre, Celebrity Playhouse, Matinee Theatre, Cavalcade of America, Disneylandia, The Red Skelton Show.

Filmography

References

 
 
 
 
 Biography and filmography at Brian's Drive-In Theater
 Peter Graves at The New York Times

1926 births
2010 deaths
Actors from Minneapolis, Minnesota
American movie actors
American stage actors
American television actors
Cardiovascular disease deaths in the United States
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Personal grooming

Personal grooming, also called titivating and preening, is the art of cleaning and grooming parts of the body.

In humans 

Grooming in humans is usually done in the bathroom, for the hair. Things such as washing and cleaning the hair, combing it and taking out the tangles, and styling. It can also include shaving, done by a man to cut his beard short. However, sometimes the beard can be groomed as well, and washed and grown.

In animals 
Animals usually clean their fur, feathers or other skin coverings. This is also a form of hygiene. Taking out other objects such as insects, leaves, dirt or twigs, are all forms of grooming. Among animals, birds spend a lot of time preening their feathers. They do this to remove ectoparasites, keep them in good condition, and waterproof them. Felidae cats are well known for their grooming, which they usually do by licking themselves. One of the reasons this is done is to remove all the scent on them so that they will not attract any predators. Cats groom so much that they often produce hairballs from the fur they accidentally swallow.

Mutual grooming 
In humans, mutual grooming is done to become more close to each other emotionally.

Gallery

Related pages

References 

Hygiene
Ethology
Firework (song)

"Firework" is a 2010 song by Katy Perry from her second major-label album, Teenage Dream. It was released on October 26, 2010. The song received a good review by music critics and claimed the top spot on Billboard Hot 100. The single hit top 5 on twenty charts worldwide.  It reached the top three in most of the countries where it charted, including Australia and the UK.  It topped charts in the US, Canada, and New Zealand.  In the US, it was Perry's fourth number-one song altogether and the third in a streak of five number-ones.  At the 2012 Grammy Awards, "Firework" was nominated for Record of the Year and Best Pop Solo Performance.

The song was certified Diamond in the US for shipments of over 10 million copies in that country alone.

Background   

"Firework" was written by Perry, Mikkel S. Eriksen, Tor Erik Hermansen, Sandy Wilhelm, and Ester Dean while produced by Stargate and Sandy Vee at Soapbox Studios in Atlanta, Georgia. It was recorded at Roc the Mic Studios in New York City. It was mixed at The Bunker Studios by Vee. Audio engineering was done by Carlos Oyandel and Damien Lewis. All instruments were done by Stargate and Vee. Lead and background vocals were provided by Perry. Perry said that "Firework" is her favorite song on Teenage Dream.

Music video 
The video for the song features people in different situations that show their bravery.  For example, there is a young child battling cancer, a woman who is at first shy of wearing a bathing suit, and a man who is unsure of his sexuality.  Perry sings that they are all "fireworks" and are brave for fighting through their issues.  The video has received over 1.077 billion views on YouTube as of January 2018.

References

Other websites
"Firework" on YouTube

2010 songs
Katy Perry songs
Man's Place in Nature

Evidence as to Man's Place in Nature is an 1863 book by Thomas Henry Huxley, in which he gives evidence for the evolution of man and apes from a common ancestor. 

It was the first book devoted to the topic of human evolution, and discussed much of the anatomical and other evidence. Backed by this evidence, the book said that evolution applied as fully to man as to all other life.

Precursors of the idea 
In the 18th century Linnaeus and others had classified man as a primate, but without drawing evolutionary conclusions. 

It was Lamarck, the first to develop a coherent theory of evolution, who discussed human evolution in this context. 

Robert Chambers in his anonymous Vestiges also clearly made the point.

The book came five years after Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace announced their theory of evolution by means of natural selection, and four years after the publication of Darwin's Origin of Species. In the Origin Darwin had deliberately avoided tackling human evolution, except for a sentence: "Light will be thrown on the origin of man and his history". Darwin's sequel came eight years later, with The Descent of Man, and Selection in relation to Sex (1871).

Content and structure of the book

Chapters 
I.   On the natural history of the man-like Apes p1–56. This contains a summary of what was known of the great apes at that time.

II.  On the relations of Man to the lower animals p57–112. This chapter and its addendum contained most of the controversial material, and is still important today.
Addendum: A succinct history of the controversy respecting the cerebral structure of Man and the apes p113–118.

III. On some fossil remains of Man p119–159. A neanderthal skull-cap and other bones had been found, and various remains of early Homo sapiens. Huxley compares these remains with existing human races.

References 

Biology books
1863 books
Evolutionary biology
Space Shuttle Endeavour

Space Shuttle Endeavour (OV-105) is the fifth space shuttle run by NASA. It replaced the Space Shuttle Challenger. Endeavour was named after Captain James Cooks's ship, HMS Endeavour. It made 25 trips into space, travelling about 123,000,000 miles. It is now on display at the California Science Center.

References
Space Shuttle Overview: Endeavour (OV-105)
"Shuttle Orbiter Endeavour (OV-105)" 

Endeavour
Woodruff

Woodruff (Galium odoratum) is a plant used for herbical medicine. It grows to 30-50 cm long.

Uses 
Dried woodruff is used in potpourri and as a moth deterrent. It is also used in Germany, to flavour May wine, syrup for beer, brandy, sausages, jelly, jam, a soft drink (Tarhun), ice cream, and tea. In Germany it is also used to flavour Sherbet (powder). Mixed with German "corn schnapps" (alternative: vodka), it is a popular drink among people at parties. It is also called "Korn Brause" or "Korn ahoi". Also, Waldmeister flavoured jelly made from vodka is popular at parties too.

Herbs
Rubiaceae
Sudo

The sudo command is a program for Unix-like operating systems like Linux distributions.  It allows users to run programs as another user.  The "su" portion is sometimes described as substitute user, super user, or switch user.

Importance 
The sudo command gives the administrator the option of allowing certain users access to otherwise disallowed commands on a granular level.  This power must be carefully administered as it could potentially allow users to make changes to files that could cause serious damage to other users' files as well as damaging the operating system itself.

Usage 
The sudo command is used from the command line.

For example: 
Imagine a system has three users: student, JOE, and BOB.

[JOE@clone7 ~]$ /bin/grep "home" /etc/passwd 
student:x:1000:1000:Student:/home/student:/bin/bash
BOB:x:1001:1001::/home/BOB:/bin/bash
JOE:x:1002:1002::/home/JOE:/bin/bash
[JOE@clone7 ~]$ 

JOE wants to know what files are in BOB's home directory.  As one would expect, unless given rights through other means, JOE will be denied:

[JOE@clone7 ~]$ ls -lrt /home/BOB
ls: cannot open directory /home/BOB: Permission denied
[JOE@clone7 ~]$

If JOE is in the sudoer file, she can use the sudo command to run the ls command as if she were BOB:

[JOE@clone7 ~]$ sudo -u BOB  ls -lrt /home/BOB
[sudo] password for JOE: 

total 0
-rw-r--r--. 1 BOB BOB 0 Jan  6 06:48 BOBs_secretfile.txt
[JOE@clone7 ~]$ 

If JOE is not in the sudoers file, she will be denied:

[JOE@clone7 ~]$ sudo -u BOB  ls -lrt /home/BOB
[sudo] password for JOE: 

JOE is not in the sudoers file.  This incident will be reported.

[JOE@clone7 ~]$ 

Another example, to delete a file (e.g. Example.php) normal users do not typically have permissions for, the user can type:

[JOE@clone7 ~]$ sudo rm -r Example.php
[sudo] password for JOE: 

[JOE@clone7 ~]$

When the password is entered correctly (assuming proper entries in the sudoers file), the computer would then run the command.

Programs with a graphical user interface can also be run with sudo, but it may mess them up.
Various desktops for Unix-like systems usually have their own version of sudo for such programs.
 

Unix