cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Naval mine

A naval mine is a bomb placed in water to destroy ships or submarines. Unlike depth charges, mines are put in the water and left to wait until they make contact with a ship. Naval mines can be used offensively, to make it harder for enemy ships to sail easily, or trap them into a harbour. They can also be used defensively, to protect friendly ships and create "safe" zones.

Mines can be laid in many ways: by specially built minelayers, refitted ships, submarines, aircraft, or even by dropping them into a harbour by hand. They are a cheap weapon with a basic mine costing as little as US$1000. There are very advanced mines which can cost millions and have several kinds of sensors, and deliver a warhead by rocket or torpedo.

International law says that nations have to say when they put mines in an area. This is to make it easier for civil shipping to avoid the mines. The warnings do not have to be specific; during World War II, Britain said simply that it had mined the English Channel, North Sea, and French coast.

Explosives

no:Mine#Sjøminer
Alan Fletcher (graphic designer)

Alan Gerard Fletcher (27 September 1931 – 21 September 2006) was a British graphic designer. He was described by The Daily Telegraph as "the most highly regarded graphic designer of his generation, and probably one of the most prolific".

1931 births
2006 deaths
The Edge Chronicles

The Edge Chronicles are books of young-adult and fantasy wrote by Paul Stewart and Chris Riddell. It contains three trilogies. All in the books is surealist. Characters, cities, places, monuments, animals, plants, transportation and more were invanted by the writers.

Books

The books are in the chronological order of the story.

The Quint Saga
 Tome 7 :  The Curse of the Gloamglozer (2001)
 Tome 8 : The Winter Knights (2005)
 Tome 9 : Clash of the Sky Galleons (2007)

The Twig Saga
 Tome 1 : Beyond the Deepwoods (1998)
 Tome 2 : Stormchaser (1999)
 Tome 3 : Midnight Over Sanctaphrax (2000)

The Rook Saga
 Tome 4 : The Last of the Sky Pirates (2002)
 Tome 5 : Vox (2003)
 Tome 6 : Freeglader (2004)

Standalone books
Cloud Wolf : 2001, published for World Book Day

The Stone Pilot : 2006, published for World Book Day

The Lost Barkscrolls : 2008, contains the Cloud Wolf and The Stone Pilot

The Immortals : February 5 2009

The Edge Chronicles Maps : September 2 2004

Chronology

Other websites
 New official website
 Old official website

Fantasy books
Rake

A rake is an garden and farm tool. People use rake to gather loose things like leaves, hay, and grass.

In gardening, a rake loosens soil, and removes weed and dead grass from lawns.

Gardening tools
Scythe

A scythe (, from Old English siðe.) is an agricultural tool for mowing grass or reaping crops.  It was replaced by horse-drawn machines and then tractors, but is still used in some areas of Europe and Asia.

Related pages
Sickle

References

Cutting tools
Gardening tools
Farming tools
Francisco Correa de Arauxo

Francisco Correa de Arauxo (or Araujo) (b. Seville, 1584; d. Segovia, 1654) was an important Spanish organist, composer, and theorist in the last years of the Renaissance and early years of the Baroque period.

Life
We do not know very much about Correa de Araujo.  He was probably born in 1584.  He may have been of Portugese origin.  In 1599 he got a job as organist in Seville.  It must have been an important job because he earned a lot of money.  Many years later he seems to have become a priest.  He may have been made a priest because he was a good organist.  In 1630 he organized a protest when priests were made to work harder wothout being paid more money.  Because he argued about this he was sent to prison for a time.  By 1635 his health was very bad.  In spite of earning a high salary he often had no money.

After 37 years in Seville he took a job as organist in Jaén Cathedral.  He was there until 1640 when he went to Segovia Cathedral.  He worked there until 1653, by which time he was too ill to work.  When he died the following year he was very poor.

His music
Correa only seems to have published one collection of organ works.  It was called Libro de tientos y discursos de música practica, y theorica de organo intitulado Facultad organica (1626).  This was a collection of organ music, as well as a discussion about music theory.  It is one of the few books we have which shows us what musical composition was like in Spain at that time.  His organ music uses a divided keyboard (medio registro), so that the upper and lower parts of the keyboard (high notes and low notes) can use different stops (making different sounds).  The organ pieces in the collection are arranged in order of difficulty.  The pieces at the end are very hard indeed. He uses a lot of dissonances, and he expects the performer to put in lots of ornaments, even if they are not shown in the music.  He uses glosa (ornamental figuration), although he also uses counterpoint.  His harmony shows the influence of composers such as Cabezon and Aguilera de Heredia.

References
The New Grove Dictionary of Music & Musicians, ed. Stanley Sadie; 1980; 

1584 births
1654 deaths
Spanish organists
Renaissance composers
Spanish composers
Baroque composers
Collaboration

Collaboration is when people work with each other to complete a task. It involves co-operation and teamwork and the sharing of ideas, knowledge and skills to reach the same objective. The objective is usually creative in nature. Most collaboration needs leadership or some kind of co-ordination, although responsibilities can be shared within an egalitarian group.

Each person plays a tightly or loosely defined role in the process of collaboration. For instance, to make a movie a writer, director, producer and actors are needed. There may also be a need for a costumer, a cameraman (if the director cannot do it all), an audio engineer, and a film editor if the project is big enough and the schedule tight enough.

Related pages
 Critical thinking

References

Social sciences
Human communication
Apollo 14

Apollo 14 was the eighth crewed mission in the Apollo program. It was the third mission to land on the Moon. The nine-day mission left the Earth on January 31, 1971, and landed on the Moon on February 5. The Lunar Module landed in the Fra Mauro formation; this had been the target of the ill-fated Apollo 13 mission. During the two walks on the Moon's surface,  of moon rock was collected. Several experiments, including seismic studies, were carried out. Commander Alan Shepard famously hit two golf balls on the lunar surface with a makeshift club he had brought from Earth. Command Module Pilot Stuart Roosa took several hundred seeds on the mission, many of which were planted on return, resulting in the so-called Moon trees. The pilot of the Lunar Module was Dr. Edgar Mitchell.

LRO finds the site
In June 2009, the NASA Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter was able to photograph the Apollo 14 landing site. The base of the lunar module and the astronauts footprints on the Moon's suface could be clearly seen.

References

Apollo program
Yoshio Kikugawa

is a former Japanese football player and manager. He played for the Japan national team.

Biography
Kikugawa was born in Fujieda on September 12, 1944. After graduating from Meiji University, he joined Mitsubishi Motors in 1968. The club won Japan Soccer League champions in 1969, 1973. The club won 1971 and 1973 Emperor's Cup. He retired in 1974. He played 94 games and scored 2 goals in the league. He was selected Best Eleven in 1969.

In October 1969, Kikugawa was selected the Japan national team for 1970 World Cup qualification. At this qualification, on October 12, he debuted against South Korea. He also played at 1970 Asian Games. He played 16 games for Japan until 1971.

After retirement, in 1982, Kikugawa signed with new club Chuo Bohan (later Avispa Fukuoka) based in his local Fujieda and became a manager. In 1991, he promoted the club to Japan Soccer League Division 2. He resigned end of 1994 season. In 1999, he became a manager for Avispa Fukuoka as Takaji Mori successor and managed in 1 season.

Statistics

|-
|1968||rowspan="7"|Mitsubishi Motors||rowspan="7"|JSL Division 1||12||2
|-
|1969||14||0
|-
|1970||13||0
|-
|1971||13||0
|-
|1972||14||0
|-
|1973||18||0
|-
|1974||10||0
94||2
94||2
|}

|-
|1969||2||0
|-
|1970||12||0
|-
|1971||2||0
|-
!Total||16||0
|}

References

Other websites

1944 births
Living people
Footballers from Shizuoka Prefecture
Japan international footballers
Japanese football managers
Japan Soccer League players
Urawa Red Diamonds players
Libyan Premier League

Libyan Premier League is a football league which is top division in Libya.

Club 2009/10
Al-Ittihad Tripoli
Al-Ahly Benghazi
Al-Ahly Tripoli
Al-Akhdar
Al-Nasr Benghazi
Khaleej Sirt
Al-Tersana Tripoli
Al-Shawehly Misourata
Al-Madina Tripoli
Al-Olympic Az-Zwiyah
Al-Shat Tripoli
Al-Hilal Benghazi
Al-Najma Benghazi
Al-Tahaddy Benghazi

Champions

Former champions

Football leagues
1963 establishments in Africa
20th-century establishments in Libya
Giuseppe Meazza

Giuseppe Meazza (23 August 1910 – 21 August 1979) is a former Italian football player. He has played for Italy national team. He is regarded as one of the greatest footballers of all time.

Club career statistics

|-
|1927/28||Internazionale Milano||Championship||33||11
|-
|1928/29||rowspan="3"|Ambrosiana||Championship||29||33
|-
|1929/30||rowspan="2"|Serie A||33||31
|-
|1930/31||34||24
|-
|1931/32||rowspan="9"|Ambrosiana-Inter||rowspan="9"|Serie A||28||21
|-
|1932/33||32||20
|-
|1933/34||32||21
|-
|1934/35||30||18
|-
|1935/36||29||25
|-
|1936/37||26||11
|-
|1937/38||26||20
|-
|1938/39||16||4
|-
|1939/40||0||0
|-
|1940/41||rowspan="2"|Milano||rowspan="2"|Serie A||14||6
|-
|1941/42||23||3
|-
|1942/43||Juventus||Serie A||27||10
|-
|1944||Varese||Campionato Alta||21||7
|-
|1944||Ambrosiana-Inter||Campionato Alta||15||1
|-
|1945/46||Atalanta||Serie A||14||2
|-
|1946/47||Internazionale Milano||Serie A||17||2
479||270
479||270
|}

International career statistics

|-
|1930||5||6
|-
|1931||6||5
|-
|1932||4||2
|-
|1933||5||5
|-
|1934||9||7
|-
|1935||3||2
|-
|1936||4||2
|-
|1937||5||1
|-
|1938||6||3
|-
|1939||6||0
|-
!Total||53||33
|}

References

1910 births
1979 deaths
Italian footballers
Italian football managers
Zola

Zola can mean:
 
People:
 Zola (entertainer), South African entertainer
 Émile Zola (1840-1902), French writer
 Arlette Zola, Swiss singer
 Calvin Zola (born 1984), Congo DR footballer
 Gianfranco Zola (born 1966), Italian football manager and current manager of West Ham United
 Irving Zola (1935-1994), American activist & writer
 Salvatore Luigi Zola C.R.L., former bishop of Lecce, Italy
 Zola Budd (born 1966), South African athlete
 Zola Glassman, French actress
 Zola Levitt (1938-2006), American religious leader
 Zola Matumona (born 1981), Congo DR footballer
 Zola Shuman, South African musician
 Zola Taylor (born 1934), American singer

Places:
 Zola, Soweto, a township in South Africa
 Zola Predosa, an Italian commune in the province of Bologna
 Zola, a village on the Greek island of Kefalonia
Zola (crater) is a crater on Mercury

In fiction:
 Arnim Zola, a fictional character in the Marvel Comics universe
 Zola, a villain in the Dick Tracy comic strip
 Zola, a creature in The Legend of Zelda video game series.
 Zola, a character in the TV series Charmed
 A female mercenary and party member in the video game Blue Dragon
 Zola, a planet in the animated video series Macross Dynamite 7
 Zola, a character in the Battle Arena Toshinden fighting game series

Other:
 Typhoon Zola, the name used for two tropical cyclones in the northwestern Pacific
Sérgio Conceição

Sérgio Conceição (born 15 November 1974) is a former Portuguese football player. He has played for Portugal national team.

Club career statistics

|-
|1993/94||Penafiel||Liga Honra||30||2
|-
|1994/95||Leça||Liga Honra||24||3
|-
|1995/96||Felgueiras||Portuguese Liga||30||4
|-
|1996/97||rowspan="2"|Porto||rowspan="2"|Portuguese Liga||26||2
|-
|1997/98||30||9

|-
|1998/99||rowspan="2"|Lazio||rowspan="2"|Serie A||33||8
|-
|1999/00||30||7
|-
|2000/01||Parma||Serie A||25||9
|-
|2001/02||rowspan="2"|Internazionale Milano||rowspan="2"|Serie A||23||5
|-
|2002/03||19||2
|-
|2003/04||Lazio||Serie A||7||0

|-
|2003/04||Porto||Portuguese Liga||11||1

|-
|2004/05||rowspan="3"|Standard Liège||rowspan="3"|First Division||27||11
|-
|2005/06||25||7
|-
|2006/07||22||4

|-
|2007/08||Al-Qadsia||Premier League||7||5

|-
|2007/08||rowspan="3"|PAOK Thessaloniki||rowspan="3"|Super League||7||0
|-
|2008/09||24||6
|-
|2009/10||0||0
151||18
136||13
74||21
7||5
31||4
399||61
|}

International career statistics

|-
|1996||1||0
|-
|1997||7||1
|-
|1998||3||0
|-
|1999||9||1
|-
|2000||12||5
|-
|2001||6||2
|-
|2002||11||3
|-
|2003||7||0
|-
!Total||56||12
|}

References

1974 births
Living people
Portuguese footballers
Portuguese football managers
Éldis Fernando Damasio

Éldis Fernando Damasio (born 13 January 1981) is a Brazilian football player. He plays for Vegalta Sendai.

Club career statistics 

|-
|2004||rowspan="3"|Gamba Osaka||rowspan="3"|J. League 1||28||10||4||1||7||2||colspan="2"|-||39||13
|-
|2005||34||7||2||0||11||3||colspan="2"|-||47||10
|-
|2006||19||6||0||0||2||0||6||5||27||11
|-
|2007||rowspan="2"|Shimizu S-Pulse||rowspan="2"|J. League 1||33||9||2||0||4||0||colspan="2"|-||39||9
|-
|2008||13||1||0||0||3||2||colspan="2"|-||16||3
|-
|2008||Kyoto Sanga||J. League 1||16||3||1||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||17||3
|-
|2009||Oita Trinita||J. League 1||15||3||2||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||17||3
|-
|2010||Vegalta Sendai||J. League 1||||||||||||||||||||
158||39||11||1||27||7||6||5||202||52
158||39||11||1||27||7||6||5||202||52

1981 births
Living people
Brazilian footballers
Clemerson de Araújo Soares

Clemerson de Araújo Soares (born 8 August 1977) is a Brazilian football player. He plays for Al-Gharafa in Qatar after recently moving from Cruzeiro on July 31 2007, in a 3-year deal. He is all-time goias top scorer with 136 goals. He scored 52 goals in 73 matches in Goiás State League. He scored 19 goals in 39 matches with Cruzeiro

Araujo played for Japanese side Gamba Osaka in 2005 his 34 league goals helped Gamba to the 2005 J-League title. But 2005 was his last season in Japan. Araujo left for his homeland to sign for Cruzeiro. But 2 years later Araujo left for Qatar. He won the 2007/08 season top scorer award there.

Club career statistics 

|-
|1997||rowspan="7"|Goiás||rowspan="2"|Série A||5||0||||||||||||||5||0
|-
|1998||20||10||||||||||||||20||10
|-
|1999||Série B||29||5||||||||||||||29||5
|-
|2000||rowspan="4"|Série A||24||5||||||||||||||24||5
|-
|2001||26||7||||||||||||||26||7
|-
|2002||25||11||||||||||||||25||11
|-
|2003||41||12||||||||||||||41||12

|-
|2004||Shimizu S-Pulse||J. League 1||29||9||0||0||7||1||colspan="2"|-||36||10
|-
|2005||Gamba Osaka||J. League 1||33||33||2||2||11||6||colspan="2"|-||46||41

|-
|2006||rowspan="2"|Cruzeiro||rowspan="2"|Série A||1||0||||||||||||||1||0
|-
|2007||14||5||||||||||||||14||5

|-
|2007/08||rowspan="3"|Al-Gharafa||rowspan="3"|Stars League||27||27||3||4||4||3||4||2||38||36
|-
|2008/09||27||20||3||2||4||4||5||5||39||31
|-
|2009/10||21||15||0||0||12||17||6||5||39||37
185||55||21||13||108||64||37||23||351||155
62||42||2||2||18||7||colspan="2"|-||82||51
75||62||6||6||20||24||15||12||116||104
321||158||29||21||146||88||53||35||546||310
|}

Al-Gharafa 
Al-Gharafa, known as "Al Fhoud" (Leopards) are Qatar's champions two years in a row. Araujo has been a leading star in his team so far, leading the scorers list all season long. He plays along with Fernandao in the attacking line, making up a thriving offence.

Honours 
 Campeonato Goiano : 1998, 1999, 2000, 2002, 2003
 Campeonato Brasileiro Série B : 1999
 Brazilian Center-West Cup : 2000, 2001, 2002
 Japanese League : 2005
 Minas Gerais State League : 2006
 Qatar Stars League : 2007/08, 2008/09

Personal Honours 
 World's top scorer in 2005 33 goals in 33 games, considered worlds best striker in 2005 by, the International Federation of Football History & Statistics (IFFHS).
 J. League MVP : 2005
 J. League Top Scorer : 2005
 J. League Best Eleven : 2005
 Qatari League Top Scorer : 2007/08

Other websites 
 mercado
 sambafoot 
 zerozero.pt 

1977 births
Living people
Brazilian footballers
Sidiclei de Souza

Sidiclei de Souza (born 13 May 1972) is a Brazilian football player.

Club career statistics 

|-
|1997||rowspan="2"|Montedio Yamagata||rowspan="2"|Football League||22||5||3||1||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||25||6
|-
|1998||27||4||4||2||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||31||6
|-
|1999||Kyoto Purple Sanga||J. League 1||29||4||1||0||4||0||colspan="2"|-||34||4
|-
|2000||Oita Trinita||J. League 2||35||5||3||1||2||1||colspan="2"|-||40||7
|-
|2001||rowspan="3"|Vissel Kobe||rowspan="3"|J. League 1||28||0||2||0||3||1||colspan="2"|-||33||1
|-
|2002||27||6||1||0||6||2||colspan="2"|-||34||8
|-
|2003||30||6||3||1||6||1||colspan="2"|-||39||8
|-
|2004||rowspan="4"|Gamba Osaka||rowspan="4"|J. League 1||30||3||3||0||5||1||colspan="2"|-||38||4
|-
|2005||28||1||3||1||11||3||colspan="2"|-||42||5
|-
|2006||31||3||1||0||2||0||6||0||40||3
|-
|2007||33||2||3||0||11||2||colspan="2"|-||47||4
|-
|2008||rowspan="2"|Kyoto Sanga||rowspan="2"|J. League 1||33||1||2||0||5||0||colspan="2"|-||40||1
|-
|2009||20||0||2||0||5||0||colspan="2"|-||27||0
373||40||31||6||61||11||6||0||476||57
373||40||31||6||61||11||6||0||476||57
|}

References 

1972 births
Living people
Brazilian footballers
Naoshi Nakamura

is a former Japanese football player. He played for the Japan national team.

Biography
Nakamura was born in Funabashi on January 27, 1979. After graduating from Nihon University, he joined J1 League club Nagoya Grampus Eight (later Nagoya Grampus) in 2001. He became a regular player in 2002. Although he was originally offensive midfielder, he also played many matches as defensive midfielder and right side midfielder. From 2008, he played as defensive midfielder under new manager Dragan Stojković. The club won the 3rd place 2008 J1 League and the 2nd place 2009 Emperor's Cup. In 2010, the club won the champions 2010 J1 League their first league champions. In 2011, the club also won the 2nd place J1 League. From 2012, his opportunity to play decreased and he retired end of 2014 season.

Nakamura's only appearance for Japan national team came on August 9, 2006, in a friendly against Trinidad and Tobago. This match is Japan's first match after the 2006 World Cup.

Statistics

|-
|2001||rowspan="7"|Nagoya Grampus Eight||rowspan="7"|J1 League||11||1||0||0||4||2||colspan="2"|-||15||3
|-
|2002||29||4||3||0||5||0||colspan="2"|-||37||4
|-
|2003||22||3||2||0||5||0||colspan="2"|-||29||3
|-
|2004||29||5||2||1||8||1||colspan="2"|-||39||7
|-
|2005||34||7||2||1||6||0||colspan="2"|-||42||8
|-
|2006||33||5||2||0||4||0||colspan="2"|-||39||5
|-
|2007||26||0||2||0||4||0||colspan="2"|-||32||0
|-
|2008||rowspan="7"|Nagoya Grampus||rowspan="7"|J1 League||31||0||3||0||6||0||colspan="2"|-||40||0
|-
|2009||30||0||5||1||1||0||9||1||45||2
|-
|2010||27||1||3||1||4||0||colspan="2"|-||34||2
|-
|2011||27||3||2||0||2||0||5||0||36||3
|-
|2012||5||0||0||0||0||0||3||0||8||0
|-
|2013||20||1||0||0||3||0||colspan="2"|-||23||1
|-
|2014||18||0||2||0||2||0||colspan="2"|-||22||0
342||30||28||4||54||3||17||1||441||38
342||30||28||4||54||3||17||1||441||38
|}

|-
|2006||1||0
|-
!Total||1||0
|}

References

Other websites

1979 births
Living people
Footballers from Chiba Prefecture
Japan international footballers
J1 League players
Nagoya Grampus players
Joubert Araújo Martins

Joubert Araújo Martins (born 7 January 1975) is a Brazilian football player. He has played for Brazil national team.

Club career statistics

|-
|1994||rowspan="3"|Botafogo||rowspan="3"|Série A||22||0||||||||||22||0
|-
|1995||23||0||||||||||23||0
|-
|1996||0||0||||||||||0||0

|-
|1996/97||Napoli||Serie A||22||4||||||||||22||4

|-
|1997||Grêmio||Série A||14||3||||||||||14||3
|-
|1998||rowspan="2"|Flamengo||rowspan="2"|Série A||19||6||||||||||19||6
|-
|1999||16||1||||||||||16||1
|-
|2000||São Paulo||Série A||18||3||||||||||18||3
|-
|2001||Flamengo||Série A||20||2||||||||||20||2
|-
|2002||Fluminense||Série A||15||3||||||||||15||3

|-
|2003||Consadole Sapporo||J. League 2||7||1||0||0||colspan="2"|-||7||1

|-
|2003||rowspan="2"|Vasco da Gama||rowspan="2"|Série A||17||2||||||||||17||2
|-
|2004||3||0||||||||||3||0

|-
|2004||rowspan="3"|Sanfrecce Hiroshima||rowspan="3"|J. League 1||14||2||1||0||1||0||16||2
|-
|2005||28||1||2||0||5||0||35||1
|-
|2006||13||0||0||0||6||0||19||0

|-
|2007||Itumbiara||Série C||0||0||||||||||0||0
|-
|2007||Brasiliense||Série B||7||0||||||||||7||0
|-
|2008||Vasco da Gama||Série A||4||0||||||||||4||0
178||20||||||||||178||20
22||4||||||||||22||4
62||4||3||0||12||0||77||4
262||28||3||0||12||0||277||28
|}

International career statistics

|-
|1995||2||0
|-
|1996||2||0
|-
|1997||0||0
|-
|1998||0||0
|-
|1999||8||0
|-
!Total||12||0
|}

References

1975 births
Living people
Brazilian footballers
Mato Grosso
Kozo Tashima

is a former Japanese football player. He played for the Japan national team. He is current president of Japan Football Association.

Biography
Tashima was born in Amakusa District, Kumamoto on November 21, 1957. After graduating from University of Tsukuba, he joined Japan Soccer League club Furukawa Electric in 1980. The club won the 2nd place in 1982 JSL Cup. Although he played as a regular player, he retired in 1982. He played 39 games and scored 6 goals in the league.

On June 27, 1979, when Tashima was a University of Tsukuba student, he debuted for the Japan national team against Malaysia. He also played in 1980. He played 7 games and scored 1 goal for Japan until 1980.

Afterwards, Tashima studied from 1983 to 1986 at the German Sport University Cologne and received a B coaching license. As he returned, he was a technical coach for the football club of his alma mater University of Tsukuba, and taught for several years at Rikkyo University. In 2001, he coached the Japan U-17 national team, to which he led for the first time since 1995 in the first round of the 2001 U-17 World Championship.

In July 2010, Tashima served as vice-president of Japan Football Association (JFA). Since January 2011, he has been a member of the Asian Football Confederation Executive Committee. He has been a FIFA Council member since April 2015. In March 2016, he became president of JFA. In April 2016, he also became president of East Asian Football Federation and served until March 2018.

Statistics

|-
|1980||rowspan="3"|Furukawa Electric||rowspan="3"|JSL Division 1||14||4
|-
|1981||14||1
|-
|1982||11||1
39||6
39||6
|}

|-
|1979||4||0
|-
|1980||3||1
|-
!Total||7||1
|}

References

Other websites

1957 births
Living people
Footballers from Kumamoto Prefecture
Japan international footballers
Japan Soccer League players
JEF United Chiba players
Daisuke Sakata

is a former Japanese football player. He played for the Japan national team.

Biography
Sakata was born in Yokohama on January 16, 1983. He first played for Yokohama Flügels youth team but became a Yokohama F. Marinos youth player when both teams merged in 1999. He was promoted to the top team in 2001. He became a regular player from 2003. The club won the champions in 2003 and 2004 J1 League. He joined Super League Greece side Aris Thessaloniki in 2011 after ten years at Yokohama F. Marinos but only stayed for a short time before returning to FC Tokyo for the 2nd half of the season. In January 2012 it was announced he had signed for Avispa Fukuoka in J2 League. Avispa won the 3rd place in 2015 J2 League and was promoted to J1 League. However Avispa finished at the bottom place in 2016 J1 League and was relegated to J2 in a year. He opted to retire end of 2017 season.

Sakata was a member of the Japan U-20 national team for the 2002 AFC Youth Championship. The team finished runners-up and was qualified for the 2003 World Youth Championship. At the World Youth Championship, he scored 4 goals in the tournament including against South Korea at knockout stage and became one of the top scorers. The team exited at the quarter final stage after beaten by Brazil. On August 9, 2006, he debuted for the Japan national team under new manager Ivica Osim against Trinidad and Tobago which is Japan's first match after the 2006 World Cup.

Statistics

|-
|2001||rowspan="10"|Yokohama F. Marinos||rowspan="10"|J1 League||11||2||0||0||5||0||colspan="2"|-||16||2
|-
|2002||19||1||2||1||0||0||colspan="2"|-||21||2
|-
|2003||25||6||1||0||6||1||colspan="2"|-||32||7
|-
|2004||28||10||1||1||5||1||4||1||38||13
|-
|2005||29||5||2||0||4||1||2||1||37||7
|-
|2006||19||4||3||2||2||0||colspan="2"|-||24||6
|-
|2007||34||10||2||2||9||3||colspan="2"|-||45||15
|-
|2008||32||1||3||0||7||1||colspan="2"|-||42||2
|-
|2009||30||6||3||2||10||1||colspan="2"|-||43||9
|-
|2010||20||1||1||0||4||0||colspan="2"|-||25||1

|-
|2011||Aris Thessaloniki||Super League||6||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||6||0

|-
|2011||FC Tokyo||J2 League||10||1||2||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||12||1
|-
|2012||rowspan="6"|Avispa Fukuoka||rowspan="4"|J2 League||40||8||1||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||41||8
|-
|2013||40||11||0||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||40||11
|-
|2014||31||5||1||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||32||5
|-
|2015||35||3||3||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||38||3
|-
|2016||J1 League||24||2||0||0||5||0||colspan="2"|-||29||2
|-
|2017||J2 League||31||1||0||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||31||1
458||77||25||8||57||8||6||2||546||95
6||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||6||0
464||77||25||8||57||8||6||2||552||95
|}

|-
|2006||1||0
|-
!Total||1||0
|}

References

Other websites

1983 births
Living people
Footballers from Kanagawa Prefecture
Japan international footballers
J1 League players
J2 League players
Yokohama F. Marinos players
FC Tokyo players
Avispa Fukuoka players
Sportspeople from Yokohama
Staple food

A staple food is a food item that can be stored easily and eaten throughout the year. Different kinds of staple foods are used in different parts of the world.   

The term means the common basis of the everyday diet in a place. Potatoes and rice are the most usual examples, but bread is not a staple food because it is a manufactured food which cannot be stored. Of course, it can always be made, since wheat is a staple food. Fruit is not a staple because it usually grows at a certain time of year. Meat is not a staple because it may not be available, or is expensive to buy. Green vegetables may be a staple in some countries, but not others. Foods which need special facilities, such as refrigeration are not staple foods.

Here are some examples of staple foods:
 Maize (corn)
 Rice
 Wheat
 Potatoes
 Cassava
 Soybeans
 Sweet potatos
 Yams
 Sorghum
 Plantain
 Barley (leaves)
 Lentils

Pictures of common staple foods 

Foods
Zhengzhou

Zhengzhou (, pinyin: zhèngzhōu) is the capital of Henan Province in the People's Republic of China. It is in the northcentral part of Henan.

Zhengzhou is on the southern bank of the Yellow River. It is one of the Eight Great Ancient Capitals of China. In 2010, 9,378,000 people lived there.

Administration
As of 2017, the prefecture-level city is divided into 6 urban districts, 5 county-level cities and 1 county. Because of rapid population growth, the subdivisions may change.

Cities in China
Capital cities in Asia
Hunan

Hunan (; ) is a province of South Central China, in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and south of Lake Dongting (The characters in the name Hunan mean "lake" and "south"). Hunan is sometimes called 湘|湘 () for short, after the Xiang River which runs through the province.

Its major cities are Changde, Changsha, Chenzhou, Hengyang, Huaihua, Loudi, Shaoyang, Xiangtan, Yiyang, Yongzhou, Yueyang, Zhangjiajie and Zhuzhou.

References

Provinces of China
Guangxi

Guangxi is a provincial-level autonomous region of the People's Republic of China where mostly Zhuang people live.

Guangxi's capital in Nanning. Other major cities are Baise, Beihai, Chongzuo, Fangchenggang, Guigang, Guilin, Hechi, Hezhou, Laibin, Liuzhou, Qinzhou, Wuzhou and Yulin.

It is near Vietnam and has many mountains. It is one of the border frontiers of Chinese civilization. Even in the 20th century it was considered an open, wild territory. The current name "Guang" itself means "expanse", and has been associated with the region since the creation of Guang Prefecture in 226 AD. It was given provincial level status during the Yuan Dynasty and in 1949 was reformed as one of China's five autonomous regions.

Autonomous regions of China
Season structure of the NHL

The National Hockey League (NHL) season is divided into the regular season and the Stanley Cup playoffs. In the regular season, teams play 82 games which determine their standings. The eight top teams in each conference enter the playoff elimination tournament to determine the Stanley Cup champion.

Other websites
Stanley Cup Playoff Formats
2009 Formula One World Championship

The 2009 Formula One season was the 60th FIA Formula One World Championship season. There were ten teams signed up to compete in the championship. Jenson Button became the Drivers' World Champion and Brawn GP won the Constructors' title.

The season is scheduled to take place over 17 rounds, and started with the Australian Grand Prix on 29 March 2009. It will end on 1 November 2009 with the Abu Dhabi Grand Prix, which is included on the race calendar for the first time and will be held at the new Yas Marina Circuit. The French and Canadian Grands Prix, which were both included in the 2008 championship, have been dropped.

Several rule changes will be implemented by the FIA, in a bid to cut costs due to the global financial crisis and to improve the on-track spectacle. New rules governing tyres, aerodynamics and Kinetic Energy Recovery Systems (KERS), among others, are some of the biggest changes in the Formula One regulations for several decades. FIA initially declared a change in deciding the World Driver's Championship, with the driver winning the most races to be declared as the champion. However, this decision was later reversed following protests from Formula One Teams Association.

Teams and drivers

Formula One 2009 Race Calendar

Results and standings

Grands Prix

Drivers

 Drivers did not finish the Grand Prix, but were classified as they completed over 90% of the race distance.
 Half points were awarded at the Malaysian as less than 75% of the scheduled distance was completed.

Constructors

References

Other websites

 Official Formula One website

Formula One seasons
2009 in sports
Bucegi Mountains

The Bucegi Mountains () are in central Romania to the south of the city Braşov. They are part of the Southern Carpathians group of the Carpathian Mountains of Europe.

To the east, the Bucegi Mountains have a very steep slope. This is towards the popular tourist destination Prahova Valley. At a higher elevation is the Bucegi Plateau, where wind and rain have turned the rocks into brilliant figures such as the Sphinx and Babele.

The Bucegi is thought to be the Dacian holy mountain Kogainon. Here, the mythical figure Zalmoxis resided in a cave.

References 

Mountain ranges of the Carpathians
Mountains of Romania
Private First Class

In many armed forces in the world, Private First Class (PFC) is a rank held by junior enlisted persons.

Other websites
U.S. Army Enlisted Rank Insignia - Criteria, Background, and Images

Military ranks
Lance Corporal

Lance corporal is a military rank, used by many armed forces around the world, and also by some police forces and other uniformed organizations. It is below the rank of Corporal, and is typically the lowest Non-commissioned officer, usually equivalent to the NATO Rank Grade OR-3.

Other websites
 Lance Corporal of Marines Association 

Military ranks
Ned Kelly (1970 movie)

Ned Kelly is the name of a 1970 movie. It was the second Australian feature length movie about Australian bushranger Ned Kelly. The first was The Story of the Kelly Gang made in 1906, the world's first feature movie.

Ned Kelly was directed by Tony Richardson, and starred Mick Jagger as Ned Kelly. Scottish-born actor Mark McManus played the part of Kelly's friend Joe Byrne. It was a British production, but was filmed entirely in Australia, shot mostly around Braidwood in southern New South Wales, with mainly Australian actors.

Problems
There were many problems in getting the movie made. The actors' union, Actors' Equity and some of Ned Kelly's relatives protested strongly about Jagger having the lead role. Many people were upset that the movie would be made in New South Wales, not Victoria, where the Kellys had lived.

Jagger's girlfriend, Marianne Faithfull, had come to Australia to play the lead female role of Ned's sister, Maggie. Their relationship was breaking up, and she took an overdose of sleeping tablets soon after she got to Sydney. She was in a coma, but soon got better and went back to England. She was replaced by an unknown Australian actress, Diane Craig. During filming, Jagger was hurt by a pistol misfiring. The actors and crew were often sick, some costumes were destroyed by fire, and Jagger's co-star, Mark McManus, just escaped serious injury when a horse-drawn cart in which he was riding overturned during filming.

Armour
The body armour costume worn by Jagger is on show at the Queanbeyan City Library, with the letters "MJ" scratched on the inside. The head-piece has been stolen, the loss of an important piece of Australian movie history.

Critics
The movie was very poorly received at its opening, and is still said to be Richardson's worst movie. Neither Richardson or Jagger went to the London opening of the movie.

The music
The movie has music written by Shel Silverstein, and performed by Kris Kristofferson and Waylon Jennings, with one song by Jagger.

References

Other websites 
 
 Ned Kelly (1970 film) at the National Film and Sound Archive 
 

1970 movies
Australian biographical movies
Australian crime movies
1970s western movies
Movies set in Australia
Movies directed by Tony Richardson
Spring Offensive

The 1918 Spring Offensive or Kaiserschlacht (Kaiser's Battle), also known as the Ludendorff Offensive, was a series of German attacks along the Western Front during World War I, which marked the deepest advances by either side since 1914. The German authorities had realised that their only remaining chance of victory was to defeat the Allies before the overwhelming human and matériel resources of the United States could be deployed. They also had the advantage of nearly 50 divisions freed by the Russian surrender (Treaty of Brest-Litovsk). 

The first and most important part was called Operation Michael. It used new infiltration tactics. After the offensive, not enough German soldiers were still alive to win the war anymore.

References

1918 in Europe

1910s in France
Battles of the Western Front (World War I)
Tang Enbo

Tang Enbo (1898-1959) was a Nationalist general in the Republic of China. Along with Hu Zongnan and Xue Yue, Tang was one of the Kuomintang generals most respected by the Japanese during the Second Sino-Japanese War.

Related pages
Operation Ichi-Go

1898 births
1959 deaths
Chinese generals
Xue Yue

Xue Yue (1896-1998) was a Nationalist general in the Republic of China. Xue joined the Chinese army in 1914, at the age of 18. Along with Hu Zongnan and Tang Enbo, Xue was one of the Kuomintang generals most respected by the Japanese during the Second Sino-Japanese War. Xue was in the defense of greater Wuhan, commanding the 1st Army Corps. In the mountains Xue's army succeeded in nearly destroying the 106th division of the Japanese army. During the battle, most of the Japanese officers were killed and the Japanese had to drop 300 officers by parachute into the battlefield. 

Xue lived to 101 years old.

References

1896 births
1998 deaths
Shunroku Hata

, was a Japanese general.  

Hata was minister of war in 1939.  He was commander-in-chief of the Imperial Japanese Army (IJA) in China in 1941. 

He was the last surviving Japanese military officer with a rank of Field Marshal. He was jailed at the end of World War Two and released in 1955.

Honors
 Order of the Rising Sun
 Order of the Golden Kite

References

1879 births
1962 deaths
Criminals
Japanese military people
Military personnel of World War II
People from Fukushima Prefecture
Bai Chongxi

Bai Chongxi (18 March 1893 – 1 December 1966), also spelled Pai Chung-hsi, was a Chinese Muslim general in the National Revolutionary Army of the Republic of China. He was a warlord in the Guangxi Province, commanding his own troops and governing Guangxi (though part of the Republic of China). He was often an ally of Chiang Kai-Shek in the politics of the Republic of China.

Warlord era
Bai Chongxi Born Omar Chongxi Bai was born in Guilin, Guangxi Province.

References

1893 births
1966 deaths
Letter of Jeremiah

The Letter of Jeremiah, also known as the Epistle of Jeremy. This is a deuterocanonical (or apocryphal) book of the Old Testament. The letter is believed to have been made by Jeremiah to the people who were to be taken prisoner into Babylon. It is included in Catholic Bibles as the last part of the Book of Baruch. It is also in Orthodox Bibles as a standalone book.

Author 

Most learned people argue that the person who started the book was not Jeremiah. Jeremiah was a Hellenistic Jew who lived in Alexandria. Whoever the starter, the work was written with a purpose: to teach the Jews not to worship the gods of the Babylonians. Instead, to worship only the Lord.

Place in religious law 

The letter (epistle) is part of the Septuagint. There is no evidence of it ever having been rule bearing in the Jewish tradition.

The earliest evidence we have of the question of its canonicity arising in Christian tradition is in the work of Origen of Alexandria, as reported by Eusebius in his Church History. Origen listed Lamentations and the Letter of Jeremiah as one unit with the Book of Jeremiah proper, among "the canonical books as the Hebrews have handed them down". 

Jerome provided the majority of the translation work for the vulgar (popular) Latin translation of the Bible, called the Vulgate Bible. In view of the fact that no Hebrew text was available, Jerome refused to consider the Epistle of Jeremiah, as the other books he called apocryphal, canonical.

Despite Jerome's reservations, the epistle is included as chapter 6 of the book of Baruch in the Old Testament of the Vulgate. The Authorized King James Version follows the same practice, while placing Baruch in the Apocrypha section. In the Ethiopian Orthodox canon, it forms part of the "Rest of Jeremiah", along with 4 Baruch (also known as the Paraleipomena of Jeremiah).

The epistle is one of three deuterocanonical books found among the Dead Sea scrolls (the other two are Ben Sira and Tobit.)  The portion of the epistle discovered at Qumran was written in Greek. This does not preclude the possibility of the text being based on a prior Hebrew or Aramaic text. However, the only text available to us has dozens of linguistic features available in Greek, but not in Hebrew, hence introductions of a Greek editor, not required for minimalist translation.

References

Other websites 
 Text of the Epistle of Jeremy from CCEL
 Letter of Jeremiah in the KJV
  (Letter of Jeremiah) in the NAB
 Encyclopedia Britannica: Epistle of Jeremy 
 Introduction and Text of the Letter of Ieremias  from the New English Translation of the Septuagint

Jeremiah, Letter of
Septuagint
AllMovie

AllMovie is a commercial database with information about movie stars, movies and television shows. It was started by Michael Erlewine, who also started AllMusic and AllGame.

References

Other websites 
 AllMovie
 Movies123

Entertainment websites
2011 establishments
Revelation

Revelation is when something is made clear or obvious that was hidden before. Most of the time, the term is used to speak about religious revelations. That means that the revelation is done by communication with the divine. Revelation can be through a deity who may send a messenger. Messengers that are supernatural are often called angels (Angel literally means messenger). Human messengers tend to be called prophets.

See
Bible
Koran 

Theology

nl:Openbaring
Sebastián Aguilera de Heredia

Sebastian Aguilera de Heredia (1561-1627) was a Spanish organist and composer.

Aguilera was born in Zaragoza, Spain on about August 15, 1561.

We do not know much about his early life. He was ordained as a priest in January 1584. In 1585 he became organist at Huesca Cathedral, where he supervised the building of a new organ at the cathedral during 1588.  In 1603 he became a priest and organist at the Cathedral of La Seo, Zaragossa.  He looked after the organ at the cathedral and often had work done to improve it. He remained at the cathedral until his death on December 16, 1627.

All his compositions were for the church: both his organ music and vocal music.  His organ works show that he learned from composers such as Antonio de Cabezón, but he put new, modern ideas in his music which later influenced younger composers such as Correa de Arauxo. His students became the cathedral organists after his death, and were part of a tradition and style of paying which lasted for over 100 years.

A very important new technique which he used was the use of a divided keyboard (medio registro) which allowed different sounds in the upper half and the lower half of the keyboard (on today's organs one would need a two-manual organ to get the same effect).  He wrote 36 settings of the Magnificat, called Canticum Beatissimae Virginis Deiparae Mariae (1618).  His vocal work shows a skilful use of polyphony.

References
The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, ed. Stanley Sadie; 1980,

Renaissance composers
Spanish composers
Baroque composers
Spanish organists
1561 births
1627 deaths
Shahnameh

The Shahnameh or Shāhnāma (Book of Kings, ) is a large poetic opus by the Persian poet Ferdowsi. The book was written between  977 to 1010 AD. The Shahnameh is about the mythical and historical past of Persia/Iran. It is the national epic of Persia/Iran and one of the greatest literary works of the Persian language.

Shahnameh has been composed of 3 main parts: 1. mythical, 2. heroic, 3. historical.

Persian literature
Papal conclave

A Papal conclave is a meeting of cardinals. The cardinals meet to elect the next bishop of Rome, to become pope. This becomes necessary when the old pope dies or resigns. Usually, popes do not resign, though. The last pope to resign was Pope Benedict XVI. On 11 February 2013, the Vatican confirmed Pope Benedict would resign the papacy and on 13 March it announced the new and current pope as Pope Francis.

The word conclave is from Latin. It refers to the fact that the cardinals are locked up together, until they have agreed on a new pope. Today, this happens in the Sistine Chapel. 

Originally, the conclave was started in Italian city states, in the 12th century. These cities needed to elect officeholders, and the election needed to be free of party politics. Events such as the Investiture Controversy in medieval Europe led to people wanting "free" elections, with a medieval understanding of free. Methods were often combined, the elements used were Acclamation, naming of candidates by predecessors, or by univolved people, and using "electrors" who would agree on the successor, behind closed doors. Earliest examples are that of Genua, in 1157, Pisa, in 1162-64, or Pistoia. 

Pope Nicholas II published a papal bull called In Nomine Domini, in 1059, which introduced the conclave as the way to elect his successor. 

Popes
Seminary

A seminary, theological college or divinity school is a university that specializes in theology or philosophy. Very often the students live at the seminary. Usually, priests have to study at a seminary at the start of their career.

Types of educational institutions
Hunger

Hunger is the feeling of wanting to eat. Ghrelin is a hormone that makes people feel hungry. The opposite of hunger is called satiety or fullness. Leptin causes this feeling. People can survive weeks without eating, but they will start to feel hungry after they have not eaten for a few hours. Hunger is generally considered quite uncomfortable. People who have eaten food usually will feel less hungry, or not hungry at all. People can live longer without food than without water.

Hunger is also used to refer to people who generally have little to eat, and are therefore often hungry. This can lead to starvation.

References

Related pages 
Global Hunger Index
Chanakya

Chanakya ( , ; c. 350-283 BCE) was an adviser and a prime minister to  Chandragupta Maurya (c. 340-293 BCE). Chanakya helped Chandragupta create the Maurya Empire. Chanakya is considered a pioneer (someone who explores a new area) in economics. He wrote about economics a very long time before Ibn Khaldun.

Chanakya's Teachings

Shloka 1- नात्यन्तं सरलैर्भाव्यं गत्वा पश्य वनस्थलीम् ।छिद्यन्ते सरलास्तत्र कुब्जास्तिष्ठन्ति पादपाः ॥

English- Do not be very upright in your dealings, as you would see in forest, the straight trees are cut down while the crooked ones are left standing.

Shloka 2- कः कालः कानि मित्राणि को देशः कौ व्ययागमौ ।कश्चाहं का च मे शक्तिरिति चिन्त्यं मुहुर्मुहुः ॥

English- Consider again and again the following: the right time, the right friends, the right place, the right means of income, the right ways of spending, and from whom you derive your power.

Shloka 3- यो ध्रुवाणि परित्यज्य अध्रुवं परिषेवते ।ध्रुवाणि तस्य नश्यन्ति चाध्रुवं नष्टमेव हि ॥ ०१-१३

English- He who gives up what is imperishable for that which is perishable, loses that which is imperishable; and doubtlessly loses that which is perishable also.

Shloka 4- गुणैरुत्तमतां याति नोच्चैरासनसंस्थितः। प्रासादशिखरस्थोऽपि काकः किं गरुडायते॥ १६-०६

English- Greatness comes from good qualities and not from a high position. A crow doesn’t become a Garuda (the chief of the feathered race) just by sitting on the top of a palace.

Identity

He is generally called Chanakya (taken from his father's name "Chanak") but, in his capacity as author of the Arthaśhāstra, is generally referred to as Kautilya derived from his gotra's name "KOTIL"(Kautilya means "of Kotil"). He believed in four ways: Treating with Equality, Enticement,  Punishment or War and Sowing disagreement. The Arthaśhāstra identifies its author by the name Kautilya, except for one verse which refers to him by the name Vishnugupta. One of the earliest Sanskrit literatures to explicitly identify Chanakya with Vishnugupta was Vishnu Sarma's Panchatantra in the 3rd century BC.

Media

 Television series Chanakya is a fictionalized account of the life and times of Chanakya.
 A book has been published in English titled  'Chanakya on Management"{18} in which each of the 216 sutras on raja-neeti has been translated and commented upon. Clearly, the entire system of thought propounded by Chanakya is based on following good ethical principles.
 In his Arthasastra, Chanakya has discussed widely various economic issues. A book written by Ratan Lal Basu & Rajkumar Sen has dealt exhaustively with these economic concepts of Chanakya and their relevance for the modern world.
 Many eminent Kautilya experts from all over the world had discussed various aspects of Kautilya's thought in an International Conference held in 1902 at Oriental Research Institute, Mysore, India to celebrate the Centenary of discovery of the manuscript of the Arthashastra by R. Shamasastry. Most of the papers presented in the Conference have been compiled in an edited volume by Raj Kumar Sen and Ratan Lal Basu.

References

Other websites

Chanakya Nitishastra: English translation by Miles Davis.

Indian people
Jainism
Trowel

A trowel is a small tool used for digging, smoothing, or moving around small amounts of material.

Related pages
Shovel

Gardening tools
Tools
Juniper

Junipers is the name for a number of species of coniferous plants in the genus Juniperus. They are related to the  family Cupressaceae (the cypress). There are between 50 and 67 species of juniper. Junipers grow in the northern hemisphere. 

Junipers are evergreen. They vary in size from low shrubs to tall trees, which grow to between twenty and forty metres tall.

Juniper berries 
The female trees have seed cones. These look like like a berry, and are called juniper berries. They take from six to eighteen months to grow after pollination. They are often aromatic, and can be used as a spice.

Unfortunately, the berries of some species, such as Juniperus sabina, are toxic. Eating them them is not advised. Juniper has a number of species, and you have to know what you are doing before you eat the berries.

References 

Cupressaceae