cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Thame

Thame () is a town and civil parish in Oxfordshire, England, about  southwest of the Buckinghamshire town of Aylesbury. In 2001 there were 11,072 people living in Thame.

References

Further reading

Other websites

Towns in Oxfordshire
Dorking

Dorking is a town on the A24 road in Surrey, England. It is the setting of the 1871 novel, The Battle of Dorking.

References 

Towns in Surrey
Hailsham

Hailsham is a town and civil parish in East Sussex, England. In 2001 there were 19,658 people living in Hailsham.

References 

Civil parishes in East Sussex
Towns in East Sussex
Seaford

Seaford is a town and civil parish in East Sussex, England. In 2001 there were 22,826 people living in Seaford.

References 

Civil parishes in East Sussex
Towns in East Sussex
Newhaven

Newhaven is a town and civil parish in East Sussex, England. In 2001 there were 11,171 people living in Newhaven.

References 

Civil parishes in East Sussex
Towns in East Sussex
Jeffrey Skilling

Jeffrey Keith "Jeff" Skilling (born November 25, 1953 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania) is an American former businessman and former president of Enron Corporation. He is best known for being involved in the Enron scandal. Skilling was ultimately convicted of multiple federal felony charges that related to Enron's financial collapse, and he is currently serving a 24-year, four-month prison sentence at the Federal Correctional Institution in Englewood, Colorado. The Supreme Court of the United States heard arguments in the appeal of the case on March 1, 2010. On June 24, 2010, the Supreme Court vacated part of Skilling's conviction and sent the case back to the lower court for further proceedings.

In 2013, the United States Department of Justice said that they had reached a deal with Skilling that resulted in 10 years being cut from his sentence. He can be released sometime in 2019.

References

Other websites
Jeffrey Skilling at Forbes.com

1953 births
Living people
American prisoners
Criminals from Pennsylvania
Harvard University alumni
Businesspeople from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Charles J. Guiteau

Charles Julius Guiteau ( ; September 8, 1841June 30, 1882) was an American writer and lawyer. He is best known as the peoson who assassinated US President James A. Garfield  on July 2, 1881. Guiteau shot Garfield after being angry with him about not receiving credit for Garfield's victory in 1880. Guiteau wrote a speech about Garfield but never made the speech.

Guiteau was born in Freeport, Illinois. He was a preacher, writer and lawyer. He was found guilty in a court of law. He was executed by hanging in Washington, D.C.

References 

1841 births
1882 deaths
lawyers from Illinois
American murderers
Assassins
Criminals from Illinois
Executed American people
James A. Garfield
People executed by hanging
Writers from Illinois
19th-century American poets
American Protestants
American criminals
American people convicted of murder
American terrorists
Assassinations
Executed people
People convicted of murder
Kohima

Kohima is the capital town of Nagaland state in India.

Nagaland
Towns in India
Capital cities in India
Alton

Alton is a village and civil parish in Staffordshire, England. In 2001 there were 1,243 people living in Alton. There is Alton Towers nearby.

References 

Civil parishes in Staffordshire
Villages in Staffordshire
Godalming

Godalming is a town and civil parish in Surrey, England. In 2011, there were 21,804 people living in Godalming.

Transport

Rail 
Godalming has a railway station, Godalming railway station. The station is on the Portsmouth Direct Line, which goes between Portsmouth and London Waterloo. This line is served by South Western Railway.

Road 
Roads that go through or near Godalming are:

 A3
 A281
 A283
 A286
 A3100
 B2130
 B3000
 B3001

Air 
Godalming is around 31 miles or 50 kilometres away from Gatwick and Heathrow Airport.

References 

Civil parishes in Surrey
Towns in Surrey
Retford

Retford is a town near the A1 road in Nottinghamshire, England.

Towns in Nottinghamshire
Maltby

Maltby is a town and civil parish in South Yorkshire, England. In 2001 there were 17,247 people living in Maltby.

References 

Towns in South Yorkshire
North Walsham

North Walsham is a town in North Norfolk, England. In 2001 there were 11,998 people living in North Walsham.

References 

North Norfolk
Towns in Norfolk
Dereham

Dereham is a town and civil parish in Breckland District, Norfolk, England. In 2001 there were 15,659 people living in Dereham.

References 

Breckland
Civil parishes in Norfolk
Towns in Norfolk
Grantham

Grantham is a town near the A1 road in Lincolnshire, England. Margaret Thatcher was born here, and Isaac Newton went to school here. Grantham is famous for its gingerbread.

Location
The town is a relatively small town but has multiple satellite villages. It has numerous estates, such as Gonerby Hill Foot, Manthorpe, Earlesfield and Alma Park.

Education
There are several schools in the town, such as the Priory Ruskin Academy and the Kings Grammar School, which Isaac Newton attended.

Towns in Lincolnshire
Colsterworth

Colsterworth is a village and civil parish in Lincolnshire, England. The parish contains the hamlet of Woolsthorpe-by-Colsterworth. In 2001 there were 1,508 people living in Colsterworth.

References 

Civil parishes in Lincolnshire
Villages in Lincolnshire
Dacre

Dacre is a village and civil parish in Eden, Cumbria, England. In 2001 there were 1,326 people living in Dacre.

References 

Civil parishes in Cumbria
Villages in Cumbria
Eden
Dacre, North Yorkshire

Dacre is a village and civil parish in North Yorkshire, England. In 2001 there were 658 people living in Dacre.

References 

Civil parishes in North Yorkshire
Villages in North Yorkshire
Culgaith

Culgaith is a village and civil parish in Eden, Cumbria, England. In 2001 there were 721 people living in Culgaith.

References 

Eden
Villages in Cumbria
Civil parishes in Cumbria
Tebay

Tebay is a village and civil parish near the M6 motorway in Cumbria, England. In 2001 there were 728 people living in Tebay.

References 

Villages in Cumbria
Civil parishes in Cumbria
Crosby Ravensworth

Crosby Ravensworth is a village and civil parish in Eden, Cumbria, England. In 2001 there were 538 people living in Crosby Ravensworth.

References 

Villages in Cumbria
Civil parishes in Cumbria
Eden
St Austell

St Austell is a town on the A390 road, in Cornwall, England. It is near an area of granite moorland where large quantities of china clay are produced. The district is full of disused clay pits and large mounds of waste material. The Eden Project has been built on the site of former china clay workings. St Austell's population is the largest of any town or city in Cornwall.

Towns in Cornwall
Civil parishes in Cornwall
Shap

Shap is a village and civil parish in Eden, Cumbria, England. In 2001 there were 1,221 people living in Shap.

References 

Villages in Cumbria
Civil parishes in Cumbria
Eden
Dufton

Dufton is a village and civil parish in Eden, Cumbria, England. In 2001 there were 169 people living in Dufton.

References 

Eden
Villages in Cumbria
Civil parishes in Cumbria
Broxted

Broxted is a village and civil parish in Uttlesford, Essex, England. In 2001 there were 526 people living in Broxted.

References 

Civil parishes in Essex
Villages in Essex
Uttlesford
Chickney

Chickney is a village and civil parish in Uttlesford, Essex, England. In 2001 there were 38 people living in Chickney. Chickney has a church called St Mary's Church, Chickney.

References 

Villages in Essex
Civil parishes in Essex
Uttlesford
ÖFB-Frauenliga

The ÖFB-Frauenliga (official name:Planet Pure Frauen Bundesliga) (German for ÖFB Women's League) is the highest level of Women soccer in Austria. The most successful team was USC Landhaus Wien with 12 titels, in the last years SV Neulengbach was the best club in Austria winning all titels from 2003/04 on.

History
Women football was played in Austria actually before the Second World War. In 1936 the first championship was organized by the Österreichische Damenfußball-Union (Austrian Ladies Soccer Union) with 9 teams from the Vienna area. But after the occupation of Austria by Nazi Germany it was suppressed. This continued till the end of the 1960s. In 1968 USC Landhaus Wien was one of the first women soccer clubs in Autria. In 1972 the first women championship after the war was  organized by the Vienna Football Union. 1980 the first pure women soccer club (Union Kleinmünchen from Upper Austria) was founded. In 1982 the ÖFB organized the championship for the first time. Actually 334 teams are playing in 5 divisions. Also the number of players increased from 7 000 (2008) to around 17 000. Planet Pure, a cleaning supplies manufacturer from Vorarlberg, is the first official sponsor of the league.

Since 2002 the Austrian Champion plays in the UEFA Women’s Cup.

Current Teams 2021-22 Season 

SKN St. Pölten Women
SK Sturm Graz Women
FC Wacker Innsbruck Women
FK Austria Wien Women
First Vienna FC Women
USV Neulengbach 
SPG SCR Altach/FFC Vorderland
SKV Altenmarkt  
FC Südburgenland
FC Bergheim

List of champions 
The list of champions:

Champions 
USC Landhaus Wien (1974, 1976, 1977, 1981, 1982, 1983, 1988, 1989, 1995, 1997, 2000, 2001)
Union Kleinmünchen (1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1996, 1998, 1999)
 USV Neulengbach (2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010)
SKN St. Pölten Frauen (includes FSK St. Pölten-Spratzern): (2015, 2016, 2017,2018,2019, 2021)
 FS Elektra Wien (1977, 1979, 1980)
 1. DFC Leoben (1976, 1987)
 Favoritner AC Wien (1973)
 KSV Ankerbrot Wien (1975)
 SV Aspern (1984)
 ESV Ostbahn XI Wien (1985)
 Innsbrucker AC (2002)

References

Other websites
ÖFB Official Homepage (German) 
Homepage Union Kleinmünchen with results and tables

Women's football in Austria
Middle Jurassic

The Middle Jurassic is the second geological epoch in the Jurassic. It began 174.1 million years ago, and ended at 163.5 million years ago.

In the Middle Jurassic, Pangaea began to split apart. It began to separate into Laurasia and Gondwana, and the Atlantic Ocean formed. Tectonic activities closed the Paleo-Tethys Ocean. A subduction zone on the coast of western North America continues to create the ancestral Rocky Mountains.

Life of the epoch

Marine life 
During this time, marine life (including ammonites and bivalves) flourished. Ichthyosaurs, although common, are reduced in diversity. A type of crocodilians first appeared.

Plesiosaurs became common at this time. The top marine predators, the pliosaurs, grew to the size of killer whales and larger e.g. Pliosaurus, Liopleurodon.

Terrestrial life 
New types of dinosaurs evolved on land. Cetiosaurus was an early sauropod found in England in the mid-19th century.

The environment in which Cetiosaurus lived was floodplain and open woodland. Brachiosaurs and Megalosaurus also lived in this environment.

The cynodont therapsids flourished with the dinosaurs, but they were only shrew-sized. None grew larger than a badger. One group of cynodonts, the Trithelodonts were becoming rare and eventually became extinct at the end of this epoch. The Tritylodonts were still common, though. In this epoch "true" mammals evolved from a group of cynodonts.

Flora
Conifers were dominant in the Middle Jurassic. Other plants, such as ginkgoes, cycads, and ferns were also common. These are the trees which the large herbivores ate.

Related pages 
Jurassic
Lower Jurassic
Upper Jurassic

References

Jurassic
Fossils
List of Austrian women's soccer teams (1st and 2nd league)

This is a list of Austrian women football teams as they play in the 2021/22 season in the first and second division:

Planet Pure Frauen Bundesliga (first division)
 SKN St. Pölten
SK Sturm Graz  
FK Austria Wien  
 First Vienna FC 1894 
 USV Neulengbach
SPG SCR Altach / FFC Vorderland
SKV Altenmarkt
FC  Südburgenland
FC Bergheim 
 FC Wacker Innsbruck

2.Frauenbundesliga (second division)
RW Rankweil
FC Mohren Dornbirn Damen
Wildcats  Krottendorf
SV Horn Damen
SC Neusiedl am See 1919
SPG UNION Kleinmünchen/FC Blau-Weiß Linz
Union LUV Graz
SV  Krenglbach
Carinthians  Hornets
Union   Geretsberg
USC Landhaus
FC Altera Porta
Wiener Sport-Club

Gallery

The 3rd till 5th division is organized by the local football associations of the federal states.

Women's football in Austria
Austrian women football teams
women football
Club des Hashischins

The Club des Hashischins, the Hashish Club, (sometimes also spelled Club des Hashishins or Club des Hachichins), was a Parisian group who explored using drugs, mainly hashish, to get creative ideas. 

It was active from about 1844 to 1849. Some of the most important literary and intellectual people in Paris were members. They including Dr. Jacques-Joseph Moreau, Théophile Gautier, Charles Baudelaire, Victor Hugo, Honoré de Balzac Gérard de Nerval, Eugène Delacroix and Alexandre Dumas, père. Monthly "séances" were held at the Hôtel de Lauzun (at that time: Hôtel Pimodan) on the Île Saint-Louis.

Gautier wrote about the club in an article called the "Le Club des Hachichin" published in the Revue des Deux Mondes in February 1846. While he is often said to have started the club, in the article he says he was attending their séances for the first time that evening.

The group dressed up in Arab clothing. They drank coffee and added hashish, cinnamon, cloves, nutmeg, pistachio, sugar, orange juice, butter and cantharides. It was a thick, green mixture, like a jam.

Dr. Moreau wrote a book in 1846 about the cannabis and the drug taking experiments of the club. The 439 page book was called Hashish and Mental Illness - Psychological Studies. Baudelaire wrote that while the drug did give people ideas, it quickly affected their personality. They felt they could only create while under the influence of the drug.

References

Other websites
The Hashish Club

French writers
Drugs
Fantaisie-Impromptu

Frédéric Chopin's Fantaisie-Impromptu in C-sharp minor is a solo piano composition. It is one of his best-known pieces. It was composed in 1834 and was published by Julian Fontana after though even though Chopin asked him not to do so.

The structure of the piece is in A B A Coda form. Some aspects of this piece are similar to Beethoven's "Moonlight" Sonata. The opening tempo is allegro agitato. It changes to largo for the two bars after the 'A' section. The tempo for most of the 'B' section is moderato cantabile. Finally, after the 'B' section, it changes to presto. The piece on a C-sharp major rolled chord.

References

Other websites 
 Video of a performance of the piece, by Yundi Li
Video of Valentina Igoshina playing the Fantaisie-Impromptu
 Recording of Fantaisie-Impromptu performed by the pianist Alberto Cobo, MP3 format
 Free score by the Mutopia Project
 Free score via icking-music-archive.org

Solo piano pieces
Compositions by Frédéric Chopin
Mount Tabor, West Yorkshire

Mount Tabor is a village near Halifax in West Yorkshire, England. Mount Tabor has a church.

References 

Villages in West Yorkshire
Smile (Avril Lavigne song)

"Smile" is a song by Canadian singer-songwriter Avril Lavigne. The song was written by Lavigne with Max Martin and Shellback. It was produced by Martin and Shellback. "Smile" was released on April 11, 2011  to Australian radio stations. It was the second single from Lavigne's fourth album Goodbye Lullaby.

Background
Lavigne asked her fans in Twitter what the next single from Goodbye Lullaby should be. She asked them to choose between Push and Smile. Lavigne confirmed that "Smile" was to be the second single from the album. Lavigne herself wanted Push to be released. The singer's record label, RCA, announced that "Smile" will be sent out to Polish radio in April. It would be sent out to USA, Canada, New Zealand, Asia, and the UK around this time. Lavigne posted photos of the set of her music video. This was on April 21, 2011.

Promotion 
Lavigne will perform the song on the German show Schlag den Raab on June 4, 2011.

Track listing
iTunes digital download
"Smile" – 3:29

Digital download and CD single
"Smile" – 3:29
"What the Hell" (Bimbo Jones remix) – 4:10

Personnel
Songwriting – Avril Lavigne, Max Martin, Shellback
Production and recording – Max Martin, Shellback
Engineering – Michael Ilbert
Mixing – Serban Ghenea
Mix engineer – John Hanes
Assistant mix engineer – Tim Roberts
Drums, guitar and bass – Shellback
Keyboards – Max Martin

Source:

Charts

Release history

References

2011 songs
Avril Lavigne songs
Cominform

Cominform was an organisation set up in 1947 to coordinate the European Communist parties. It was actually an organisation which enabled the Communist Party in the USSR to control the other Communist parties in Europe.

1947 establishments
1956 disestablishments
Communist parties
Soviet Union
Political organizations based in Europe
1940s establishments in the Soviet Union
1947 establishments in Europe
1956 disestablishments in Europe
Disestablishments in the Soviet Union
Douglas da Silva

Douglas da Silva (born 7 March 1984 in Florianópolis, Brazil) is a Brazilian football player who is  playing for F.C. Red Bull Salzburg in Austria as defender.

Career
2005 he went from Brazil to Israel, where he started playing for Hapoel Kfar Saba and soon became one of the best defenders in the league. After four years with this club he went one to an Israelian top club Hapoel Tel Aviv, because his old club was relegated to the second league. With Tel Aviv he became cup winner and champion in 2010. They also played in the UEFA Champions league 2010/11 after eliminating Red Bull Salzburg in the play off round. He played in the Champions league group stage, but in December 2010 he signed with F.C. Red Bull Salzburg.In a preliminary match he was injured badly, so he missed the whole second part of the 2010/11 season.

Honours
Israel State Cup (1):
2010

Israeli Premier League (1):
2009–10

Brazilian footballers
1984 births
FC Red Bull Salzburg players
Living people
Brazilian Portuguese

Brazilian Portuguese is a dialect of the Portuguese language. It is different enough from the dialect of Portugal that a speaker of one does not easily understand a speaker of the other. It has 210 million speakers (87% of the Portuguese speakers).

Languages of South America
Brazilian culture
Dialects of Portuguese
Kashubian language

Kashubian or Cassubian  is a Lechitic language, a kind of Slavic language. It is spoken in the Polish region of Pomerania.

Today the language is taught in some state schools. Since 2005 it has been protected in Poland as a regional language. It is the only language in Poland with this status. The status was given by an act of Polish Parliament on January 6, 2005.

References 

Slavic languages
Languages of Europe
Żywiec

Żywiec (pronounce: [ˈʐɨvjɛt​͡s]) is a city in Poland. It is in the south of Poland in the historical region called Małopolska on Soła river in Silesian Voivodeship near Bielsko-Biała. It received city rights in 1327. In 2006 in Żywiec lived 32078 people. The current mayor is Antoni Szlagor.

Cities in Poland
Uniformitarianism

Uniformitarianism is the idea that the same physical laws of today have always operated. It was the centerpiece of James Hutton's 1795 geology book Theory of the Earth, with proofs and illustrations.

In this work Hutton proposed that the causes acting on the world today also acted in the past. This means that the rocks of the Earth were formed by processes which we can see operating today. These processes, though very slow (gradualism), made the world what it is today. The idea is part of a wider philosophy called the philosophy of naturalism.

The term 'uniformitarianism' was invented by William Whewell in 1837 to describe Hutton's basic idea. This idea is the foundation of modern geology. 

Hutton's ideas were popularised by John Playfair in 1802 in Illustrations of the Huttonian theory of the Earth, and by Charles Lyell in his Principles of geology (1830 to 1833). The phrase "the present is the key to the past" is Lyell's most famous quotation.

Uniformitarianism in geology is opposed by catastrophism, the idea that major changes in the Earth take place through sudden and violent events.

References 

Philosophy of science
Geology
History of science
Upper Sorbian language

Upper Sorbian () is a West Slavic language spoken by the Sorb people in Germany. The language is spoken in the province of Upper Lusatia. Today this province is part of Saxony.

There are around 40,000 speakers of Upper Sorbian living in Saxony. Upper Sorbian is a minority language in Germany according to the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages.

References 

Languages of Europe
Slavic languages
Saint Seiya

Saint Seiya (聖闘士星矢, Seinto Seiya), also known as Saint Seiya: Knights of the Zodiac or simply Knights of the Zodiac, is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Masami Kurumada and serialized in Weekly Shōnen Jump from 1986 to 1991 and adapted into an Anime TV series by Toei Animation from 1986 to 1989.

The story follows five mystical warriors called the "Saints" (or "Knights") who fight wearing sacred armors named "Cloths", the designs of which derive from the various constellations the characters have adopted as their destined guardian symbols. These Saints have sworn to defend the reincarnation of the Greek goddess Athena in her battle against the other Olympian gods who want to dominate Earth.

References

Anime
Manga
Berks Area Reading Transportation Authority

The Berks Area Reading Transportation Authority (BARTA) is in Reading, Pennsylvania. BARTA has 50 buses, all hybrid electric buses.

Current fleet 
2009 Gillig BRT 40 ft. hybrid electric buses (0991-0995) Powered by Cummins ISB/Allison E Drive
2010 Gillig BRT 40 ft. hybrid electric buses (1096-1099) Powered by Cummins ISB/Allison E Drive
2015 Gillig BRT 40 ft. hybrid electric buses (1542-1544) Powered by Cummins ISB6.7/BAE HybriDrive
2016 Gillig BRT 40 ft. hybrid electric buses (1605-1608) Powered by Cummins ISB6.7/BAE HDS-200
2018 Gillig BRT 35 ft. hybrid electric buses (1801-1805, 1808-1812) Powered by Cummins B6.7/BAE Hybrid
2018 Gillig BRT 40 ft. hybrid electric buses (1806-1807) Powered by Cummins B6.7/BAE Hybrid
2019 Gillig BRT 35 ft. hybrid electric buses (1901-1905, 1912-1918) Powered by Cummins B6.7/BAE Hybrid 
2020 Gillig BRT 40 ft. hybrid electric buses (2001-2002) Powered by Cummins B6.7/BAE Hybrid
2020 Gillig BRT 35 ft. hybrid electric buses (2003-2006) Powered by Cummins B6.7/BAE Hybrid
2021 Gillig Low Floor Plus HEV 35' buses (2104-2107) Powered by Cummins B6.7/BAE Hybrid

Retired fleet (as of November 2015) 
 2003 Optima Opus 35 ft. buses powered by Cummins ISB (0301-0305) 0304 was scrapped after having a fire in January 2008. 0301-0303 & 0305 were put up for auction on 11/13/2015.
 2003 New Flyer D40LF 40 ft. buses powered by Detroit Diesel Series 50-EGR (0321-0323) All 3 units were put up for auction on 11/13/2015.
 2004 Optima Opus 35 ft. buses powered by Cummins ISB (0406-0410)
 2004 Gillig Low Floor 40 ft. buses powered by Detroit Diesel Series 50-EGR (0431-0432) 
 2005 Gillig BRT 35 ft. buses powered by Cummins ISL (0533-0549)
2007 Gillig BRT 35 ft. buses powered by Cummins ISL (0750-0756)
2008 Gillig BRT 35 ft. buses powered by Cummins ISL (0857-0862)
2008 Gillig BRT 40 ft. buses powered by Cummins ISL (0881-0882)
2009 Gillig BRT 40 ft. buses powered by Cummins ISL (0983-0984) 

3 of the Opus buses (0406, 0408-0409) were leased by COLTS (County of Lackawanna Transit System) in Scranton, Pennsylvania in June 2017. COLTS procured 4 buses from the South Central Transit Authority (SCTA) to fill a gap with the lack of buses in their fleet. One of the buses came from Red Rose Transit Authority. 0410 was donated to the Reading Muhlenberg Career and Technology Center for students to use for hands-on training after it retired at the end of 2016. 0407 was presumably going to be donated to the Berks Career and Technology Center. However, when it was listed for auction on Public Surplus website in February 2017, the transmission was broken. So therefore, 0407 was not donated to any of the CTCs for training, and it had to be towed from the property at the expense of the person with winning bid. 0756 and 0858 went to AppalCART in Boone, North Carolina. 0857 and 0861 went to ShuttleBus in York County, Maine.

All three of the New Flyers went to Indian Trails in Owosso, Michigan. They were renumbered 44-46, and 44 was assigned to Western Michigan University (Bronco Transit) service while 46 was assigned to Walmart Shopper Shuttle service.

Transport in Pennsylvania
Cornellà

Cornellà de Llobregat is a municipality in the comarca of the Baix Llobregat in Catalonia, Spain. It is situated on the left of the Llobregat river.

History

The history of Cornellà de Llobregat is defined by three principal factors: its proximity to the city of Barcelona, its being an area of passage from the capital of Catalonia, and the presence of the Llobregat River. Its name is of Roman origin (Cornelianus) and the first written reference to the city dates from 980 AD, although the city was incorporated into Barcelona's territory in the thirteenth century.

Cities in Catalonia
Municipalities in Catalonia
Caron

A caron ( ˇ ) or haček (from ), is a diacritic. This is a special symbol that is written over some letters to show that they are pronounced differently. Some other names for the caron are: wedge, inverted circumflex, and inverted hat.

The caron is used in Baltic, Slavic and Finno-Lappic languages to show that a letter is pronounced differently than normal. Sometimes the caron is drawn over a letter to show that it used to be pronounced differently. Usually the caron shows:
 palatalization, a softer pronunciation
 iotation, a y sound before a vowel
 postalveolar consonant, letter sounds made with the tongue touching the back of the alveolar ridge in the mouth

The caron looks like an upside-down circumflex ( ˆ ). It looks a lot like the breve symbol, but is more pointed at the bottom. It is also used as a symbol in mathematics.

Writing systems
Alphabetic diacritics
Roger Starr

Roger Starr (1918 - 2001) was an intelligence officer during World War II, businessman, active in community organizations, and New York City housing administrator. Later in life, he became a writer for the New York Times. One of his books was called "The Living End".

References

1918 births
2001 deaths
Writers from New York City
Businesspeople from New York City
American people of World War II
Arctic ecology

Arctic ecology is the science that studies the ecology of the arctic. The arctic is all land and water north of the Arctic Circle (66 33’). This area is very cold and has little rain. In the winter there is almost no sunlight. The growing season, when farmers can grow crops, is very short.

The arctic biomes are taiga, boreal forest, and tundra. Many of the ecosystems in the arctic are fragile, and can be easily destroyed. These ecosystems are being hurt by global warming.

Environment
The arctic environment includes both land and water. Two important parts of this environment are sea ice and permafrost.

Sea ice is ice that floats in the ocean. It is made of frozen seawater. It is important because animals live and sleep on the ice, especially in winter. Sea ice lasts all year and never melts completely. There is less ice during the summer than during the winter.

Lots of land in the arctic is frozen all year long. Permafrost is a substrate (layer of soil) that has been frozen for two or more years. The dirt on top of the permafrost is called the "active layer". This dirt melts during the summer and is important for plants to grow.

Food Chain 
In the arctic region there is less food. The algae is eaten by small insects. These insects are eaten by plankton. These are eaten by small fish these are eaten by big fish. Now, these are eaten by seals. Seals are at last eaten by polar bears.

Subfields of ecology
Mechanism

A mechanism is a mechanical device for doing something. It includes the idea of tools and machines, but is used for a wider range of objects, processes and ideas. 

Palaeolithic hand axes were one of the first tools used. Simple modern mechanisms would be rope pulleys or levers. The internal combustion engine is a mechanism for turning oil into motion. A complicated example would be computers and the web.

The word "mechanism" is also used as a metaphor. The celestial mechanics  of Kepler and Newton is a way of predicting and explaining planetary motions in the Solar System. Darwin's natural selection is his proposed mechanism as to how evolution took place.

In that way, a mechanism in science or technology is an explanation of how something works or might work.

Philosophy of science
Engineering
Super Bowl XXXV

Super Bowl XXXV (or Super Bowl 35) was a Super Bowl game between the Baltimore Ravens and the New York Giants in the National Football League (NFL) champion for the 2000 regular season. The Ravens won against the Giants 34–7. The game was played on January 28, 2001 at the Raymond James Stadium in Tampa, Florida. The win gave the Ravens their first Super Bowl title and the City of Baltimore their second title in 30 years.

Most Valuable Player (MVP)
Baltimore linebacker Ray Lewis was named the game's Most Valuable Player (MVP).

Team statistics

Player statistics

*Completions/Attempts
aCarries
bLong play
cReceptions

Starting players

Game officials 
 Referee: Gerald Austin
 Umpire: Chad Brown
 Head Linesman: Tony Veteri, Jr.
 Line Judge: Walt Anderson
 Field Judge: Bill Lovett
 Side Judge: Doug Toole
 Back Judge: Bill Schmitz
 Alternate Referee: Larry Nemmers
 Alternate Umpire: Jeff Rice

Sources

Other websites 
 Super Bowl XXXV official website
 Large online database of NFL data and statistics

035
Sports in Tampa, Florida
2001 in sports
2001 in the United States
2000s in Tampa, Florida
Baltimore Ravens
New York Giants
Caps lock

Caps lock is the name of a key on a computer keyboard. When you press this key, letters that you type will be capital letters (like this, "ABC"), instead of lowercase ("abc"). The caps lock key is usually above the Shift key and below the Tab key on the left side of the keyboard. However, some people prefer it to be in other locations.

The way the caps lock key works is that once you press it, a light may come on, or you may get a message on the screen. This lets you know that text that you type will be in uppercase letters. When you press the key again, the light turns off, or another message may appear, saying that caps lock has been turned off and text you type will be back to lowercase letters.

Some keyboards and typewriters have a key called shift lock. It is a lot like the caps lock key in that letters you type will be in uppercase instead of lowercase. But shift lock also does something else: when it is on, keys which have two symbols on them, such as the number keys in the top row, will print the symbol on top, instead of the symbol on the bottom. For example, pressing the key with the number 1 on it will print the exclamation mark ("!") instead of the number 1. The caps lock key does not do this; it only affects the letter keys.

People who type a lot, such as those who use typewriters, use the shift key instead of the caps lock or shift lock keys unless they have to type many capital letters in a row. But there is also a neat trick you can do with the caps lock and shift keys: when caps lock is on, you can hold the shift key while typing and what you type will be in lowercase letters instead of capitals. This can be done on some computers, such as those running Microsoft Windows computers. 

Not all computers have a caps lock key. Some of those that don't have been made for the One Laptop Per Child program.

References 

Computers
Page Up and Page Down keys

The Page Up and Page Down keys are two computer keys that you press to either scroll up or scroll down on documents. The page up and page down scrolling distance sometimes varies depending on which documents you are reading. If the page up of page down key is pressed together with the shift key it will highlight all the text. The page up and page down keys are sometimes called PgUp or PgDn and they are located on the right of the keyboard with page up on top and page down on the bottom.

Computers
Scroll lock

Scroll lock (or ScrLk) is the name of a key on a computer keyboard that was meant to lock all scrolling methods. The scroll lock key is rarely used and only came about because the original IBM PC keyboard had it. It was supposed to change how the arrow keys work. For example, when the scroll lock mode was turned on, the arrow keys would scroll the contents of a text window instead of moving the cursor. Today, the key doesn't do anything in most programs, and as a result, many keyboards today, especially those on laptops and mobile devices, do not have the scroll lock key.

Computers
Organ donation

Organ donation means that an organ is transferred from the body of one person to that of another person. This is done by a type of surgery called an organ transplant. The donor, the person whose organ is used, may be alive or recently dead. The person receiving the organ is called the recipient.

Organs that can be transplanted are the heart, kidney, liver, lung, pancreas, intestine, skin, and thymus. 
Tissues that can be transplanted include bone, muscle, tendon, cornea, heart, and veins. 

The most commonly transplanted organs worldwide is the kidney, followed closely by the liver, the heart. The most commonly transplanted tissues are the cornea, bones, and muscle.

There is a great demand for organs and tissues. Donors must give permission. Iran is the only country regulating donors selling one of their kidneys for payment, and there is no waiting list. There is a field of medicine called "regenerative medicine" that has made scientific advances to grow or create organs or tissues from stem cells.

Organs
Giving
Karakoram Highway

The Karakoram Highway is a road that connects China and Pakistan. It runs through the Karakoram range. It is about 1300 km long, and runs from Kashgar in China, to Hasan Abdal in Pakistan. Because it runs through the mountains, it is also a popular tourist attraction.

Transport in Pakistan
Roads in China
Renault 25

The Renault 25 was a car made by Renault. It replaced the Renault 20 in 1983, and was replaced by the Renault Safrane in 1992.

Engines 
 2.0 76 kW (103 hp)
 2.0 i 88 kW (120 hp)
 2.0 i 12V 99 kW (135 hp)
 2.2 i 79 kW (107 hp) and 90 kW (122 hp)
 2.5 V6 Turbo 134 kW (182 hp) and 151 kW (205 hp)
 2.7 V6 106 kW (144 hp)
 2.9 V6 102 kW (139 hp), 112 kW (152 hp) and 118 kW (160 hp)
 2.1 Diesel 48 kW (65 hp)
 2.1 Turbodiesel 65 kW (88 hp)

25
Front wheel drive vehicles
1980s automobiles
1990s automobiles
Motorcade

A motorcade (or convoy, carcade, autocade) is a number of vehicles driving in the same direction on official business.

Uses of motorcades

VIPs 

Motorcades can be used to transport a very important person (VIP), usually a political figure. Such a motorcade is usually accompanied by police cars and other protection. This is to make sure the people in the motorcade are safe. For instance, motorcades for presidents often have four to six armoured cars, with police motorcycles and cars going in front and behind.

Depending on the size of the motorcade and who it is carrying, streets may be completely blocked off so no-one else can use them. This is common for the security of heads of state or government.

Protests and demonstrations 
Motorcades can be used as protests and demonstrations. A large, organised, group of vehicles will travel a busy route at very slow speed. They do this to deliberately cause traffic disruption. This is often in relation to protest groups that have access to many large vehicles, such as truckers and farmers.

Funerals 

A funeral cortege is a group of mourners following a hearse in a motorcade of cars.

References

Other websites 

Detailed description of the motorcade of the President of the United States

Diplomacy
Security
Road transport
Doctors Without Borders

Doctors Without Borders or Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) is a non profitable international medical humanitarian organization created by doctors and journalists in France in 1971. MSF gives emergency aid to people affected by wars, epidemics, famine, natural disasters and man-made disasters, or areas where there is no health care available. It provides this help to all people, regardless of their race, religion or political beliefs. 

In 1999 Doctors Without Borders was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. On 7 October 2015, President Barack Obama, also Nobel Peace Prize winner and at that time commander in chief, issued an apology to Doctors Without Borders for Kunduz hospital airstrike.

References

International organizations
Occluded front

An occluded front is a weather pattern.  It brings cold weather and leaves cold weather.  It happens when a cold front overtakes a slow-moving warm front.  The cold front is heavier than the warm front and will push it up.  The warm front slides over the cold one.   Cloud and rain form along the occluded front until temperatures become equal as the cold and warm air mix.  Some occluded fronts make tropical cyclogenesis.

References

Meteorology
Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan

Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan (5 September 1888 — 17 April 1975) was an Indian philosopher. He was famous for his work on comparative religion, comparative Eastern and Western philosophy, and was also a teacher in India and at Oxford University in the United Kingdom. He was also a statesman and served as the President of India. He was a great teacher and due to his commendable inputs in India's educational front every year on his birthday, i.e 5th september, we all celebrate Teachers day to pay tribute to our teachers who are like a guiding light in our lives.wow.

Saivigyan
He was the bridge-builder between East and the West due to his great knowledge. He had the ability to simplify complex ideas.

Dr. Radhakrishnan was critical of the way teaching of Western Philosophers. The basis of criticism was that theology dominated the  western  thinkers preventing freedom of expression. He wrote books on Indian philosophy according to Western academic standards, and made all efforts for the West to give serious consideration to Indian philosophy. In his book, Idealist View of Life, he compares different ways of thought process and favours the simplistic rational way. He is well known for his analysis of Human Way of Life by listening from elders (Upanishads), use of common sense (Bramha Sutra) and practical way of living (Bhagvad Gita).His birthday is celebrated as Teachers Day all over India.

References

Other websites 

 "The Legend of Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan"

1888 births
1975 deaths
Indian philosophers
Presidents of India
Vice Presidents of India
Knights Bachelor
Tab key

The tab key (short for tabulator key or tabular key) is a key on a computer keyboard, found right above the caps lock key on the far left. It is used to take the cursor to the next tab stop.

In word processor applications, the tab key usually moves the cursor to the next tab stop. In most other graphical applications, the tab key shifts the focus to the next control or widget.

Related pages
 Indent style

References

Other websites 
Tabs versus Spaces: An Eternal Holy War by Jamie Zawinski
Why I prefer no tabs in source code by Adam Spiers
Why I love having tabs in source code 
Elastic tabstops - the solution to the tabs-versus-spaces issue

Computers
Control characters
Speedrun

A speedrun is a play-through, or a recording of this play-through of a whole video game or a part of it, in which the player tries to complete this game as fast as possible. This is done for entertainment and competition. The term is a compound of the words speed and run (run means playing the game here). It is usually used for games which do not have quickly finishing them as one of the main goals. For example, gamers do not "speedrun" a racing game. In those cases the game's standard setting for recording fast times is called a time attack or time trial mode. Speedruns are usually recorded on  video tapes (mainly where consoles are concerned), or as a digital file, by the people ("players") who make them. It is recorded for entertainment. It can also be used by others to verify that the players actually completed the game in the time they said that they did. Speedruns were created for entertainment. People who began comparing each others' playing skills through videos exchanged over the Internet started speedruns. People want verifiability to see whether a person followed the rules and thus see whether the run counts as a valid attempt to beat the record.

Speedrunning began as a small project. It was started few people who shared their runs online. However, it has become a phenomenon which is discussed in several active websites. There are many speedrun videos distributed for free on the Internet.

Tool Assisted Speedruns
Tool Assisted speedruns [TAS] are played on a computer emulator. The player records the movie on the emulator and submits the movie file to TASvideos.org if the movie file is good enough to obsolete a published run on their site. These types of speedruns take longer to make because the player can use the advantage of going back in time in the game and finding the fastest reactions for enemies and other items to beat the game in a time which the game developer would never thought the game could be beaten so quickly.

Normal Speedruns
Normal speedruns are played on a console or PC but some are done on mobile devices and recorded with a capture card or a DVD recorder.  PC games are recorded with high quality screen recording software such as FRAPS and OBS. Two of the most common normal speedrun sites are called speedrun.com and Speed Demo's Archive. The runs are split into categories such as: any% NMS (which means that the runner must beat the game as fast as possible without any major skip glitches), 100% (which means that the runner must complete the whole game as fast as possible to get a 100% ending) and any% (which means that the player uses large-skip glitches that can be frame perfect). Before the speedrun is uploaded onto Speed Demo's Archive, the forum members have  to verify the run to make sure that the runner was not cheating or using any game hacks.

Bugs in speedruns
Many speedruns take advantage of bugs in video games, especially clipping problems that allow a player to walk through walls.

References 

Video game gameplay
Bomis

Bomis was a Internet company created in 1996 by Jimmy Wales, Tim Shell, and Michael Davis. Bomis is best known for having supported the creation of the projects Nupedia and Wikipedia.

Bomis was popular for hosting entertainment-, sports- and adult-themed sites. When Nupedia started, Larry Sanger was hired to be the editor-in-chief for the project. But Nupedia resulted too slow to grow and too expensive to maintain, and Wikipedia was started as a side project to help Nupedia grow. In the end, Wikipedia became more popular than Nupedia; it closed in 2003 and Wikipedia was transferred to the newly created Wikimedia Foundation in 2003. Bomis closed in 2006.

American technology companies
1996 establishments
Companies based in Florida
Marco Meilinger

Marco Meilinger (born 8 August 1991 in Salzburg) is an Austrian footballer. He plays for F.C. Red Bull Salzburg as midfielder.

Club career
He started playing football with USK Anif, a team from a suburb of Salzburg. In 2002 he went to Austria Salzburg, and 2005, after the club was bought by Red Bull, he played with F.C. Red Bull Salzburg.In 2009 he played for the second team of Red Bull Salzburg, Red Bull Juniors. He signed with FC Red Bull Salzburg in 2010. 2011 he played on loan for SV Ried.

International career
Since 2008 Marco Meilinger played for Austria in different youth teams. In 2010 he played with the U 19 team in the European Championship in France and is qualified with the team for the U 20 World championship in 2011.

Honours
Champion of Austrias Regionalliga West 2010/11
Member of the Austrian team for the FIFA U20 World Cup 2011

Other websites
Transfermarkt.at Spielerprofil Marco Meilinger
Spoxx.com Marco Meilinger
Homepage FC Red Bull Salzburg

Austrian footballers
1991 births
FC Red Bull Salzburg players
Living people
People from Salzburg
Fernando Llorente

Fernando Llorente (born 26 February 1985 in Pamplona) is a Spanish footballer who plays for Athletic Bilbao and the Spanish National Team, as a striker. He won the FIFA World Cup with the Spanish National Team. Llorente has scored 90 goals in his career. He said no to offers from important teams such as Real Madrid. 

He has been selected by the Spanish national team 21 times and has scored 7 goals.

Spanish footballers
1985 births
Living people
People from Pamplona
Pectinase

A pectinase is one of a class of enzymes which are able to split pectin. Pectin is a polysaccharide in the primary cell walls of terrestrial plants. Pectinases occur normally in flowering plants. 

Pectinases are used commercially to isolate the protoplasts that occur in plants. They are also used in the production of fruit juice, for plant-based coloring agents, and in the production of wine.

Enzymes
Technology
The Forsyte Saga

The Forsyte Saga was a drama mini-series on PBS. Main characters including Daimen Lewis as Soames Forsyte and Gina McKee as Irene.

Drama
Heinrich event

A Heinrich event is one of the events which occurred during the coldest point of Bond Cycles in which many icebergs were discharged into the North Atlantic and melted.
  
Evidence for this can be found in the north Atlantic sediment cores which show poorly sorted, angular and contain rocks. These were originally in the icebergs but dropped to the bottom of the ocean when the icebergs melted.

Heinrich events are a possible trigger to the onset of mini ice ages which follow a long period of thaw. An example might be the Younger Dryas, a brief cold period from about 12.8 thousand years ago to about 11.5 thousand years ago. 

The Younger Dryas stadial is thought to have been caused by the collapse of the North American ice sheets, although rival theories have been proposed.

References

Climate
Hubert Cecil Booth

Hubert Cecil Booth (4 July 1871 - 14 January 1955) was a British engineer. He invented the vacuum cleaner. He was born in Gloucester, England. He died in Croydon, Surrey.

In 1900, Booth saw that if you put a handkerchief between your mouth and the floor, you can inhale dust from the carpet. When he saw this, he wanted to invent something get out the dust. Finally in 1901 he patented the vacuum, with a mechanical system.

1871 births
1955 deaths
English inventors
British engineers
People from Gloucestershire