cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Alfredo Palacio

Luis Alfredo Palacio González (born January 22, 1939) served as President of Ecuador from April 2005 to January 2007. From January 15, 2003 to April 20, 2005, he served as vice president, after which he was appointed to the presidency when the Ecuadorian Congress removed President Lucio Gutiérrez from power following a week of growing unrest with his government.

Palacio was born on January 22, 1939 in Guayaquil, Ecuador. He studied at Case Western Reserve University. Palacio was married to María Beatriz Paret.

Other websites
Presidencia de la República – Presidente  Biography as president
BBC Mundo | América Latina | ¿Quién es Alfredo Palacio? (BBC News)
Ecuador's Balancing Act: Palacio, the People and the IMF  The Council on Hemispheric Affairs
http://www.explored.com.ec/noticias-ecuador/dahik-posesiona-a-palacio-26852.html

1939 births
Living people
Presidents of Ecuador
Vice Presidents of Ecuador
People from Guayaquil
Lucio Gutiérrez

Lucio Edwin Gutiérrez Borbúa (born March 23, 1957) served as President of Ecuador from January 15, 2003 to April 20, 2005. He unsuccessfully ran for president again in the 2021 election.

Gutiérrez was born on March 23, 1957 in Guayaquil, Ecuador. He was married to Ximena Bohórquez.

Other websites
 Biography by CIDOB Foundation 
 Presidencia de la República 
 Seeking asylum in Colombia
 Arrest

1957 births
Living people
Presidents of Ecuador
People from Guayaquil
Eloy Alfaro

José Eloy Alfaro Delgado (June 25, 1842 – January 28, 1912) served as President of Ecuador from 1895 to 1901 and from 1906 to 1911. He became one the strongest opponents of pro-Catholic conservative President Gabriel García Moreno. For his central role in the Liberal Revolution of 1895 and for having fought conservatism for almost 30 years, he is known as the Viejo Luchador.

Alfaro was born on June 25, 1842 in Montecristi, Ecuador. He was married to Ana Paredes y Arosemena until his death in 1912. On January 28, 1912, a mob broke out and busted into the prison cell where Alfaro was held at. They dragged him along the streets of Quito, Ecuador. Alfaro was killed during the attack, aged 69.

Other websites
 Official Website of the Ecuadorian Government about the country President's History
 Enciclopedia del Ecuador

1842 births
1912 deaths
Assassinated people
Presidents of Ecuador
María Ángeles Calderón González

Maria Angeles Calderon Gonzalez (born October 27, 1974 in Madrid) is a goalball player from Spain.  She is blind and is a type B2 goalball player. She works for ONCE selling coupons. She played goalball at the 2000 Summer Paralympics.  Her team was second.

References 

Spanish goalball players
Living people
1974 births
Spanish Paralympic silver medalists
Sportspeople from Madrid
2000 Summer Paralympics
Sportspeople with disabilities, type B2
Juan José Flores

Juan José Flores y Aramburu (July 19, 1800 – October 1, 1864) was a Venezuelan military general who became Supreme Chief, and later the first President of the new Republic of Ecuador. He later served two more terms from 1839 to 1843 and from 1843 to 1845, and is often referred to as "The Founder of the Republic". His son Antonio Flores Jijón would soon become President of Ecuador.

Flores was born on July 19, 1800 in Puerto Cabello, Venezuela. He was married to Mercedes Jijón de Vivanco y Chiriboga. Flores died on October 1, 1864 in Puná Island, Ecuador from uremia caused by kidney failure, aged 64.

References

Other websites
 
Presidential biography  (Spanish language).  Accessed May 16, 2005.
Presidential terms and events (Spanish language).  Accessed May 16, 2005.

1800 births
1864 deaths
Deaths from renal failure
Deaths from uremia
Presidents of Ecuador
Venezuelan people
Galo Plaza

Galo Plaza Lasso (February 17, 1906 – January 28, 1987) was an Ecuadorian politician and statesman. He was President of Ecuador from 1948 to 1952 and Secretary General of the Organization of American States from 1968 to 1975. He is the son of former Ecuadorian President Leonidas Plaza.

Plaza was born on February 17, 1906 in New York City, New York. He studied at University of Maryland, at the University of California, Berkeley, and at the Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service at Georgetown University. Plaza was married to Rosario Pallares. They had six children. Plaza died on January 28, 1987 from a heart attack in Quito, Ecuador, aged 80.

Other websites
Galo Plaza's biography at the Ecuadorian government's website  
Plaza's obituary in the NY Times

1906 births
1987 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Presidents of Ecuador
Politicians from New York City
Secretaries General of the Organization of American States
Concepción Dueso Garcés

Concepción Dueso Garcés (born October 27, 1967 in Huesca) is a goalball player from Spain.  She is blind and is a type B3 goalball player. She played goalball at the 2000 Summer Paralympics.  Her team was second.

References 

Spanish goalball players
Living people
1967 births
Spanish Paralympic silver medalists
People from Aragon
2000 Summer Paralympics
Sportspeople with disabilities, type B3
Michelle Alonso Morales

Michelle Alonso Morales (born September 15, 1994, Tenerife) is a swimmer from Spain. She has an intellectual disability and is an S14 type swimmer.  As of 2012, she lived in Tenerife. She raced at the 2012 Summer Paralympics in London, England. She finished first in the 100 meter breaststroke. She has been dubbed by the media as "The Little Mermaid of the Canary Islands". She is also considered one of the most important personalities of Spanish sport.

References 

Spanish swimmers
Living people
1994 births
Spanish Paralympic gold medalists
People from Guipuzcoa
2012 Summer Paralympics
Josefa Benítez Guzman

Josefa Benitez Guzman (born August 30, 1969 in Barcelona) is a cyclist from Spain.  She has a physical disability.  She competed at the 2012 Summer Paralympics. She finished second in the road race.

References 

Spanish cyclists
Living people
1969 births
Spanish Paralympic silver medalists
2012 Summer Paralympics
Sportspeople from Barcelona
John Henry Newman

John Henry Newman,  (21 February 1801 – 11 August 1890) was an important person in Victorian Christianity in England. He was part of the Oxford Movement in Anglicanism which pushed for a more Catholic faith. He finally converted to the Roman Catholic Church in 1845. He was made a cardinal. He was beatified in 2010. He wrote many books, including an autobiography, and The Dream of Gerontius.

Early life and education
Newman was born on 21 February 1801 in the City of London,

Evangelical
At the age of 15, during his last year at school, Newman was converted, an incident of which he wrote in his Apologia that it was "more certain than that I have hands or feet".

References

Other websites
 
 
 
 Newman reader

Writings
 
 
 

1801 births
1890 deaths
19th-century English philosophers
Academics of the University of Oxford
Alumni of the University of Oxford
Anglican priests
Beatified people
Cardinals of the Roman Catholic Church
Christian hymnwriters
Christian saints
Christian theologians
Christian writers
Christology
Deaths from pneumonia
English Anglicans
English poets
English priests
English Roman Catholics
English theologians
Roman Catholic priests
Venerated Catholics
Writers from London
2013 Stockholm riots

The 2013 Stockholm riots started on May 19, 2013 in the Husby area of Stockholm, Sweden. The riots led to several injuries. They happened in response to the fatal shooting of a 69-year-old man by Stockholm police. The incident was ongoing as of May 28.

Stockholm riots
2013 in Sweden
2010s in Stockholm
Riots
Joseph Campbell

Joseph Campbell (March 26, 1904 – October 30, 1987) was a writer known for his work on myth and religion.

Quotes
"I think the person who takes a job in order to live- that is to say, for the money- has turned himself into a slave."

Other websites
Folkstory biography

Writers from New York
1904 births
1987 deaths
North Dakota State University

North Dakota State University is a university in Fargo. This school was established in 1890 as the North Dakota Agricultural College. The school name was changed to North Dakota State University around 1960.

Colleges and universities in the United States
Fargo, North Dakota
1890 establishments in the United States
1890s establishments in North Dakota
Quail

Quail [pronounced Kwāl] is a collective name for several genera of mid-sized birds in the order Galliformes. The birds in this group are often referred to as "fowl".
 
Old World quail are in the family Phasianidae, and New World quail are found in the family Odontophoridae. Many of the common larger species are farm-raised for table food or egg consumption, and are hunted on game farms or in the wild, where they may be released to supplement the wild population, or extend into areas outside their natural range. Quail are also raised as pets.

The collective noun for a group of quail is a flock, covey or bevy.

References

Other websites

Quail forever
Recipes

Galliformes
Carl Bloch

Carl Heinrich Bloch (23 May 1834 – 22 February 1890) was a Danish painter. Bloch studied painting at the Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts. Today he is mostly known for the Genre and History painting he did.

Related pages
List of Danish painters

1834 births
1890 deaths
Danish painters
Aérospatiale SA-321 Super Frelon

The Aérospatiale SA-321 Super Frelon is a transport and ASW helicopter designed and built in France. The design was first built by Sud Aviation, and later by Aérospatiale. It's built under chineses licence like Avicopter AC313.

Some were used by Israel and South Africa.

References 

French military aircraft
Super
Helicopters
Martial law

Martial law is when a government temporarily imposes the control of the military on an emergency basis, such as foreign invasion, rioting, or natural disaster. It is usually imposed if the civilian government fails to function properly. Military forces may be deployed for various purposes such as to stop looting, maintain order, impose a curfew, and secure buildings of the government.

Law
Military
List of One Day International cricket matches played by Bangladesh and Canada

The cricket teams of Bangladesh and Canada have competed against each other in ODIs since 2003 World Cup. They have met on 2 occasions. Bangladesh and Canada both won in 1 games

Summary of results

List of ODIs

Key

 (D/L) denotes that the Duckworth–Lewis method was used in the match
 # denotes that the team batting second were chasing a revised target

Related pages 
Bangladesh national cricket team
Canada national cricket team

References

Other websites 
ESPNcricinfo

Cricket lists
Cricket in Bangladesh
Sport in Canada
Saturnalia (dinosaur)

Saturnalia is an extinct genus of basal prosauropod  dinosaur from the Triassic of Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil. The deposits are dated to the early Upper Triassic, about 225 million years ago (mya). The dinsaur grew to about 1.5 meters (5 ft) long.

Phylogeny
The primitive nature of Saturnalia, and its mixture of sauropodomorph and theropod characteristics, has made it difficult to classify. 

The first (1999) description of the genus assigned it to the Sauropodomorpha. However, in a 2003 paper, Langer noted that features of its skull and hand were more similar to the sister group of sauropodomorphs, the theropods, and that Saturnalia could be considered a member of the sauropodomorph "stem-lineage", rather than a true member of that group. 

José Bonaparte and colleagues, in a 2007 study, found Saturnalia to be very similar to the primitive saurischian Guaibasaurus. Bonaparte placed the two in the same family, Guaibasauridae. Like Langer, Bonaparte found that these forms may have been primitive sauropodomorphs, or an assemblage of forms close to the common ancestor of the sauropodomorphs and theropods. Overall, Bonaparte found that both Saturnalia and Guaibasaurus were more theropod-like than prosauropod-like. However, all more recent cladistic analyses found it to be a very basal sauropodomorph,

References

Dinosaurs of South America
Triassic dinosaurs
360


Year 360 (CCCLX) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Constantius and Iulianus (or, less often, year 1113 Ab urbe condita). The number 360 for this year has been used since the early Middle Ages, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the main method in Europe for naming years.

Events 
 By place 

 Roman Empire 
 February – Julian, Roman Caesar, is proclaimed emperor by the Gallic legions in Lutetia (modern Paris) at the Thermes de Cluny. They refuse to support the eastern campaign against king Shapur II of Persia and revolted.
 The Alamanni raid Raetia (Switzerland), but are pushed back behind the Rhine and into the Black Forest by Julian.
 King Shapur II continues his campaign against the Roman fortresses. His armies capture Singara, Bezabde and Nisibis.
 Emperor Constantius II and Julian send several letters to each other. They are both hoping to avoid a civil war.

 Europe 
 Thousands of Huns invade Europe. They spread terror as they take over territories held for generations by Alans, Heruls, Ostrogoths and Visigoths.

 Asia 
 Japan begins a 30-year period of great influence in Korea.

 By topic 

 Agriculture 
 Roman authorities in Britain export wheat to supply the legions on the Rhine. They have encouraged production of wheat for that purpose.

 Religion 
 First Council of Constantinople: Emperor Constantius II requested a church council, at Constantinople, and both the eastern and western bishops attend the meeting. Wulfila also attends the council and endorses the resulting creed. After the council, several homoiousian bishops are deposed or banished, including Macedonius I of Constantinople and Cyril of Jerusalem.

Births 
 John Cassian, Desert Father and Christian saint (approximate date)
 Saint Mesrob, Armenian monk and theologian (approximate date)
 Saint Ninian, missionary to Scotland (approximate date)
 Tao Sheng, Chinese Buddhist scholar (approximate date)
 Wang Fahui, empress during the Jin Dynasty (d. 380)

Deaths 
 Eustathius of Antioch, Patriarch of Antioch (approximate date)
 Murong Jun, emperor of the Former Yan (b. 319)
Misery (movie)

Misery is a 1990 American psychological horror thriller movie set in Colorado. It is based on Stephen King's 1987 novel of the same name. The movie stars James Caan, Kathy Bates, Lauren Bacall, Frances Sternhagen, and Richard Farnsworth. It was directed by Rob Reiner.

Bates plays an abusive woman psychopath who imprisons and tortures a novelist (Caan) in her rural home. She does this after he accidentally crashes his car and she pretends that she is going to look after him until he recovers from his injuries.

Bates won the Academy Award for Best Actress. The movie was well received by critics and audiences. King has stated that Misery is one of his top ten favorite movie adaptations.

References

1990 crime movies
1990 thriller movies
1990s crime thriller movies
Academy Award winning movies
American crime thriller movies
Antisocial personality disorder in fiction
Movies based on books by Stephen King
Movies directed by Rob Reiner
Movies set in Colorado
Edward "Tug" Wilson

Edward "Tug" Wilson (1921-2009) was a British colonel. He started the Abu Dhabi Defense Force. He was also really good friends with Sheikh Zayed.

Early life

He was born on January 18, 1921 in West Hartepool, Yorkshire in England. His birth name was Edward Bearby Wilson. Tug was a nickname. He attended Constantine College. In 1945 he was a wireless operator at the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst. He liked to play rugby and cricket.

Military work

He started working in the Worcestershire Regiment. He then worked for the 1st Battalion of the British Army of the Rhine. Then he worked for the 2nd Division Signal Regiment. He was a part of the Berlin airlift and the Malayan Emergency. He went to Korea and in 1952 moved to Hara Mura, Japan to teach British soldiers at the Battle School. A grenade blew up while he was teaching soldiers and he hurt his shoulder. 

He became a Major. In 1961 he started looking over a squadron of the Trucial Oman Scouts. He was working at the Buraimi Oasis, Al Ain. He became good friends with Sheikh Zayed after the Sheikh became ruler of the United Arab Emirates. During this time Wilson founded the Abu Dhabi Defense Force. He was leader of that force until 1968.

Retirement and death

He left Abu Dhabi in 1969. He started teaching at the Old Royal Naval College. Then he taught at the Staff College, Camberley. He retired from the Army in 1971. He started a trout fish farm. Wilson then moved back to Abu Dhabi, at the invitation of Sheikh Zayed, to run the royal stables. He ran the stables until the Sheikh died. He participated in the London To Peking Motor Challenge in 1990. He was awarded the Abu Dhabi Award. He died on January 2, 2009.

References

1921 births
2009 deaths
British Army people
People from Yorkshire
Black hair

The term Black hair refers to the darkest of all human hair colors. It is a dominant and genetic trait, and found in people of all ethnic groups. Caucasian people with black hair are usually referred to as brunettes. Black hair carries extreme amounts of eumelanin and is less dense than the other hair colors.

Hair
Mekelle

Mekelle (, ) or Mekele a city in Ethiopia. It is the capital city of the Tigray Region. It is in the north of the region. It had 219,818 people as of 2012. 

The city was founded in the 13th century according to historians. It was one of the major cities of Enderta province. It was chosen as the capital of Yohannes IV's realm. There was a riot that broke out between Ethiopian Orthodox and Adventist worshipers on 29 December 2002. The riot resulted in five deaths and three others were seriously injured. The city is one of the country's principal economic and educational centers.

References

Other websites
Official website 

Cities in Ethiopia
Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Gazi

Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Gazi (; about 1437 – 1513) was a mathematician from the Maghreb. He wrote poems about the work of other mathematicians, including Ibn al-Banna' al-Marrakushi. He used lattice multiplication in his math writing.

Related pages
 List of scientists

References

Mathematicians
African scientists
1437 births
1513 deaths
Arab people
Moroccan scientists
Zhaocheng Jin Tripitaka

Zhaocheng Jin Tripitaka is a Buddhist canon from the Jin Dynasty. It is written in the Chinese language.

It was first called the Jin Triptaka. It was written at the Tianning Temple around the year 1149. A woman named Cui Fazhen and some of her friends gave the money to make the book. Kublai Khan brought it to the Guangsheng Temple. It was found there in 1933. The canon was renamed Zhaocheng Jin Tripitaka because the Guangsheng Temple is located in Zhaocheng.

The canon has about 7,000 chapters. It's the biggest book published in the Jin Dynasty. It has some canons and sections that are not found in later copies of the book.

References

Spiritual books
Buddhist texts
1149
Chinese culture
Massasoit

Massasoit  (c. 15811661),
was the Native American leader of the Wampanoag and "Massasoit" tribes.  His name means Great Leader.

Early years
Massasoit was born in a Pokanoket village at the site of today's Rhode Island. His village was near a spring of water which is named after him.  He was liked by seven leaders.  In March 1621, a Native American named Samoset entered Plymouth Colony and said to the Pilgrims in English, "Welcome Englishmen".  He had learned some words from the English fishermen and traders that had visited his tribe. He said he was sent by Massasoit, “the greatest leader of the country.” After a few days, Massasoit came in person and was received with great friendship. 

Massasoit made a treaty with the Pilgrims.  They promised to protect each other against unfriendly Native Americans. They  promised not to hurt each other.  They also promised to help each other as friends. Massasoit told the pilgrims that there was much sickness where the colonist were now living and that many had died. The treaty was kept as long as Massasoit lived.

Peace treaty 

Massasoit helped the people of Plymouth Colony in many ways, including how to plant corn.  He became friends with the all of the colonial leaders.

Children
During this time, Massasoit had five children.  His oldest son, "Moanam" or Wamsutta, died within a year after his father, and his brother Metacom (Philip) became chief in 1662.

Alliance
There was some bad feeling for a time when the Plymouth leaders refused to give up Squanto to Massasoit.  He believe that Squanto had betrayed him.  This was settled when Edward Winslow visited him in March 1623. Massasoit was ill and Winslow took care of him.  After he got better, Massasoit said the English are my friends and love me. He also said that while he lives he would never forget the kindness they have showed me."

The Wampanoag and the English maintained a friendship until Massasoit's death. During this time, Massasoit sold lands to the English that they needed. When Roger Williams, was sent away from the Massachusetts colony, he spent many weeks with Massasoit. Massasoit was friendly and honest and always kept his word. He warned the pilgrims of any Native Americans who were not their friends.

Massasoit died as early as 1660.  When he died, his son Wamsutta became chief. When Wamsutta died Metacom (Philip) took his place. Of Massasoit's five children, the only child to survive King Philip's War in 1676 was his daughter, Amie, wife of Tispaquin.

References
"Native People" (page), "Massasoit (Ousamequin) Sachem" (section), MayflowerFamilies.com, webpage: MFcom-Native .

Nathaniel Philbrick, Mayflower: A Story of Courage, Community, and War, New York 2006.

In fiction
Massasoit was a character in "The Mayflower Voyagers", a 1988 episode of the Peanuts television series, This is America, Charlie Brown. 

At the beginning of the 1995 movie adaptation of Nathaniel Hawthorne's The Scarlet Letter, Massasoit dies and his tribe cremates him.

Notes

1581 births
1661 deaths
Native American people
People from Rhode Island
Plymouth Colony
Albrecht Altdorfer

Albrecht Altodorfer was a German painter, engraver and builder of the Renaissance. He was probably born around the year 1480, in Altdorf, Lower Bavaria, or Regensburg. He died on 12 February 1538 in Regensburg. Together with Wolf Huber, he is seen as one of the main people in the Danube school. The danube school was an art movement that spread along the Danube, in Germany and Austria. With Albrecht Dürer he founded the Little Masters (original: Kleinmeister) of Nuremberg.

Related pages

German art

1480s births
1538 deaths
German painters
Ben Bailey

Benjamin Ray "Ben" Bailey (born October 30, 1970) is an American comedian, taxicab driver, and game show host. He is best known as the host of the Discovery Channel game show Cash Cab. He was born in Bowling Green, Kentucky, United States.

Bailey was the host of Cash Cab, a television game show played in a taxi that Bailey drives around New York City, from 2005 until the show's end in 2012. He was nominated for an "Outstanding Game Show Host" award at the Daytime Emmy Awards in 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, and 2011. He won in 2010 and 2011. He was also the host of the 2011 NBC game show Who's Still Standing?.

References

Other websites
 Ben Bailey's official website
 

Comedians from Kentucky
American game show hosts
1970 births
Living people
Emmy Award winners
Elmer Gantry

Elmer Gantry is a 1960 drama movie about a con man and a female evangelist selling religion to small town America. Directed by Richard Brooks, the movie is based on the 1927 novel of the same name by Sinclair Lewis and stars Burt Lancaster and Jean Simmons.

Actor Pat Hingle was originally cast as Elmer Gantry. After he was injured from a 54-foot fall down an elevator shaft, the part was given to Lancaster. Lancaster won an Academy Award for his role.

1960s action movies
1960 drama movies
American drama movies
American action movies
Movies based on books
English-language movies
Movies directed by Richard Brooks
Hang 'Em High

Hang 'Em High is a 1968 American Western movie directed by Ted Post and produced and co-written by Leonard Freeman. It stars Clint Eastwood as Jed Cooper, an innocent man who survives being hanged, Inger Stevens as a widow who helps him, Ed Begley as the leader of the gang that tried to hang him, and Pat Hingle as the judge who hires Jed as a US Marshal.

1968 movies
1960s western movies
American western movies
American crime movies
English-language movies
Movies directed by Ted Post
Body Language (Kylie Minogue album)

Body Language is the ninth studio album by Australian singer Kylie Minogue. It was recorded during the summer of 2003 in the United Kingdom, Ireland and Spain, and released on 20 November 2003 by Parlophone. The album contains three official singles, "Slow", "Red Blooded Woman" and "Chocolate".

Track listing

Other websites 
Body Language on Kylie Minogue's official website 

2003 albums
Kylie Minogue albums
Dance-pop albums
Fabián Alarcón

Fabián Ernesto Alarcón Rivera (born April 14, 1947) was President of Ecuador from 6 February 1997 to 9 February 1997 and from February 11, 1997 to August 10, 1998.

Alarcón was born in Quito. He was head of the Congress from 1991 to 1992 and then again from August 1995 to February 1997, when he was made acting president due to the impeachment of President Abdalá Bucaram.

Other websites
 Official Website of the Ecuadorian Government about the country President's History

1947 births
Living people
Presidents of Ecuador
People from Quito
Gustavo Noboa

Gustavo José Joaquín Noboa Bejarano (21 August 1937 – 16 February 2021) was an Ecuadorian politician. He was the 42nd President of Ecuador from 22 January 2000 to 15 January 2003. Before, he was the Vice President during Jamil Mahuad's government from 1998 to 2000.

Noboa was born on 21 August 1937 in Guayaquil, Ecuador. He was married to María Isabel Baquerizo. In March 2006, Noboa was put under house arrest for mishandling Ecuador's foreign debt.

Noboa died at a hospital in Miami, Florida from a heart attack while having brain cancer surgery on 16 February 2021, aged 83.

References

1937 births
2021 deaths
Presidents of Ecuador
People from Guayaquil
Vice Presidents of Ecuador
Deaths from myocardial infarction
People with cancer
James Whale

James Whale (22 July 1889 – 29 May 1957) was an English movie director, theatre director, and actor. He is best remembered for his horror movies. These include Frankenstein (1931), The Old Dark House (1932), The Invisible Man (1933) and Bride of Frankenstein (1935). He also directed the movie musical Show Boat (1936). 

Whale was born into a large family.  Early on, he discovered his artistic talent and studied art. With the outbreak of World War I, Whale joined the British Army. He became an officer. He was captured by the Germans. During his time as a prisoner of war, he became interested in theatre. After the war, he became an actor, set designer, and director. He moved to the United States to direct a Broadway play, and then moved to Hollywood to direct movies. 

Whale lived in Hollywood for the rest of his life with his longtime companion, producer David Lewis. Whale directed a dozen movies for Universal Studios between 1930 and 1936, developing a style influenced by German Expressionism.

After string of movies failures, Whale's directing career was over by 1941. He continued to direct for the stage, painted, and travelled. His retirement years were comfortable until strokes in 1956 left him in pain. Whale committed suicide on 29 May 1957 by drowning himself in his backyard swimming pool.

Other websites 

1889 births
1957 deaths
Actors from Worcestershire
Deaths by drowning
English LGBT people
English movie actors
English movie directors
English stage actors
Gay men
Suicides by drowning
Suicides in the United States
Set designers
Cash Cab

Cash Cab is an American television game show. It airs on the Discovery Channel. It started on December 5, 2005, and ended 2012. It is hosted by Ben Bailey. It takes place in New York City.

Gameplay
Potential contestants enter a taxi driven by Bailey. When they get in and say where they want to go, they are made aware that they are in the Cash Cab through ceiling lights and music, followed by Bailey's greeting. They are then asked if they want to play. If they do not want to play, they can get out of the taxi. If they do want to play, they have to stay in the taxi until they reach where they want to go or get three strikes.

Contestants who play are asked a series of questions by Bailey. The first four questions are worth $50, the next four are worth $100, and questions after that are worth $200. In the first two seasons, the questions were worth $25, $50, and $100. If a contestant answers a question wrong, they get a strike. If the contestant gets three strikes, they have to get out of the taxi no matter where they are. Contestants have two helps known as "Shout-Outs." The first Shout-Out is the Mobile Shout-Out, which lets the contestant call someone they know for help. The call can take up to 15 seconds. The other Shout-Out is the Street Shout-Out, where Bailey pulls over the taxi, and the contestant can ask someone on the street for help.

When the taxi has to stop at a red light and the contestant has at least $200, a "Red Light Challenge" is played. A question will be given that has more than one correct answer. The contestant has 30 seconds to give all of the correct answers to the question. If the contestant does so, they get $250. If the 30 second time limit runs out, the contestant doesn't get a strike. Most games have only one Red Light Challenge, but starting in the fourth season, some games have more than one. The second is played if the contestant has at least $1,000.

If the contestant gets to where they wanted to go without getting three strikes, they have a choice: they can leave the taxi and keep the money they won, or risk it on a Video Bonus question. If they decide to play the Video Bonus question, a clip is played, and a question is asked based on it. If the contestant answers correctly, their money is doubled. If they give a wrong answer, they lose all of their money.

Starting in the fourth season, some games are Double Ride games. The first four questions are worth $100, the next four are worth $200, and questions after are worth $400. The Red Light Challenge is worth $500.

Other versions
In 2007, a spin-off, Cash Cab: After Dark, started. Contestants were picked up near or after sunset, as well as overnight. The questions were worth double the amount of Cash Cab, and the questions were harder.

Another spin-off, Cash Cab: Chicago, started during Cash Cab'''s sixth season. It was hosted by Beth Melewski and used the same rules as the New York Cash Cab''. It ended after one season.

References

Other websites
 Official website
 

2005 television series debuts
Television game shows
Ayelet Zurer

Ayelet Zurer (born 28 June 1969) is an Israeli actress. She is known for her roles in Angels & Demons, Fugitive Pieces, and in Man of Steel. She was bron in Tel Aviv.

Zurer was born to a Jewish family. She has been married to Gilad Londovski since 2003. They had one child.

References

Other websites 
 
 
Ayelet Zurer at Theiapolis.com 
 Ayelet Zurer at E-Online 

1969 births
Living people
Israeli movie actors
Israeli stage actors
Israeli television actors
Israeli voice actors
Jewish Israeli actors
People from Tel Aviv
Antje Traue

Antje Traue (born January 18, 1981) is a German actress. She is known for her roles in Pandorum, Kleinruppin Forever, 5 Days of War, and in Man of Steel.

Traue was born on January 18, 1981, in Mittweida, Saxony, Germany.

References

Other websites
 

1981 births
Living people
German movie actors
German television actors
German voice actors
German stage actors
People from Saxony
Geoffrey Gurrumul Yunupingu

Geoffrey Gurrumul Yunupingu (22 January 1971 – 25 July 2017), often known simply as Gurrumul, was an indigenous Australian musician. He was best known as a singer. Most of his songs are sung in Galpu, Gumatj or Djambarrpuyngu, which are all languages of the Yolngu people of northeastern Arnhem Land. He plays the guitar, drums, keyboards and yidaki (didgeridoo).

Gurrumul was born at Galiwin'ku, on Elcho Island, off the coast of Arnhem Land. He belongs to the Gumatj clan of the Yolngu, and his mother is from the Galpu clan. He was born blind. Although a few of his songs are written and sung in English, he does not speak the language. He is also said to be very shy, and does not normally speak during performances.

Gurrumul was a founding member of the band Yothu Yindi. He played in this band for almost ten years, until 1995. He formed Saltwater Band a few years later and remains their lead singer. He released his first solo album, Gurrumul, in 2008. It was highly successful, and won several awards. It peaked at #3 on the ARIA Charts and #1 on the independent chart. Gurrumul was nominated for four ARIA awards, and won two of them (Best World Music Album and Best Independent Release). He also won three Deadly Awards: Artist of the Year, Album of the Year for Gurrumul and Single of the Year for "Gurrumul History (I Was Born Blind)". At the Independent Music Awards, he won Best New Independent Artist, as well as Best Independent Release and Best Independent Blues/Roots Release for Gurrumul. He won the award for Best Independent Blues and Roots Album again in 2011, for Rrakala.

Yunupingu died at Royal Darwin Hospital, Northern Territory on 25 July 2017 of kidney and liver failure. He was aged 46.

Discography
Studio albums
 Gurrumul (2008)
 Rrakala (2011)

References

Other websites

Official website

Video of Gurrumul performing at YouTube
Geoffrey Gurrumul Yunupingu  at Skinny Fish Music
Geoffrey Gurrumul Yunupingu  at the Black Arm Band Company

1970 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from renal failure
Deaths from liver failure
Disease-related deaths in Australia
Indigenous Australian musicians
Musicians from the Northern Territory
Australian singers
Didgeridoo players
Australian guitarists
Looptroop Rockers

Looptroop Rockers is a reggae, hiphop and electro band from Västerås, Sweden, they sing in both English and Swedish but mostly English. The band's former name was just Looptroop.

The band has 9 albums and some EPs. The members of the group are Promoe, Supreme. Embee and CosM.I.C, the producers is DvsG (David vs. Goliath) and Burning Heart Records. The band were created in 1991 by Promoe and Embee, the band was complete in 1996. Now it’s the biggest Swedish export in Hiphop.

The name Looptroop comes from loops (the beat is repeating over and over till the end of the song) and ‘troop’ stands for Freedom Writers because they sing about the government.

Albums
 2000 – Modern Day City Symphony (2LP/CD)
 2000 – Modern Day City Symphony Instrumentals (LP)
 2002 – The Struggle Continues (2LP/CD)
 2002 – The Struggle Continues Instrumentals (LP)
 2005 – Fort Europa (2LP/CD)
 2005 – Fort Europa Instrumentals (LP)
 2008 – Good Things (2LP/CD)
 2011 – Professional Dreamers (2LP/CD)
 2013 – Mitt Hjärta Är En Bomb (2LP/CD)

Singles
 Don't Hate the Player (2002)
 Fly Away (2002)
 Looptroopland (2002)
 Long Arm of the Law (2000)
 Ambush in the Night (1999)
 Schlook from Birth (1998)
 Heads or Tails (1998)
 From Beyond K-Line (1998)
 The Way Beyond (1998, mixtape)
 From the Waxcabinet (1996)
 Unsigned Hype (1997)
 Punx Not Dead (1999, MC)
 From the Waxcabinet (1996, MC)
 Threesicksteez (1995, MC)
 Superstars (1993, MC)

Swedish musical groups
Reggae bands
Hip hop bands
Electronic music bands
1990s music groups
1991 establishments in Europe
1990s establishments in Sweden
Eyespot

An eyespot is a simple organ in biology used to detect light. It may be called an ocellus, or pigment pit. They are quite common in small, simple invertebrates, such as Planaria. They do not have lenses or any means of focussing. Therefore, they can sense light from dark, but do not give the animal a visual scene as our eyes do.

In many simple animals the eyespot senses light with a pigment molecule called an opsin. Then a nerve fibre goes from the eyespot to the simple nervous system. This allows the animal to move in response to (for example) a shadow passing over it.

Eyespots also occur in single-celled protists like Euglena and Chlamydomonas, where it is connected to the flagellum. This allows the information from the light patch to influence the cells's movement.

The first fossils of eyes that have been found to date are from the early Cambrian period (about 540 million years ago). This period saw a burst of apparently rapid evolution, called the "Cambrian explosion". One idea is that the evolution of eyes started an arms race which led to a rapid spate of evolution. Much earlier than this organisms would have used light spots for light sensitivity, but did not have a visual scene for rapid navigation.

References 

Vision
Koenigsegg

Koenigsegg Automotive AB is a Swedish company that makes cars. They make "super cars", a mixture of sports cars and a fast cars. The main office is in Ängelholm, Sweden.

History
The creator and manager of Koenigsegg is Christian E. H. von Koenigsegg. In 1994 he created Koenigsegg as a small company, after years of planning. The designer David Crafoord designed the concept car for Koenigsegg's original drawings. Then, they built a prototype that could be driven. They tested the car for several years and developed it further. In 2002, the company started the series production of the model CC 8S. Koenigsegg CC 8S was named by the Guinness Book of Records for the world's most powerful car with its 1,050 horsepower.

Cars
Koenigsegg's fastest car is Koenigsegg 2013 Agera R. It can go up to 440 km/h (273 mph). In 14,5 seconds the car can go up to 300 km/h (186 mph).

Other websites

References
 Koenigsegg website

Automobile companies of Sweden
Managed motorway

Managed motorways in the United Kingdom are motorways which use active traffic management. Their aim is to increase traffic capacity at times of peak traffic flow. They use variable speed limits and hard shoulder running at busy times. A "hard shoulder" is an inner lane which in normal times is only used for emergencies.

Active traffic management was first used in 2005. The system is now in operation on sections of the M1, M4, M6, and M42, and there are proposals for its use on sections of the M5, M25, M60 and M62. 

Benefits include smoother traffic flows, more reliable journey times, fewer road traffic collisions, and reduced noise and harmful vehicle emissions. Where only variable speed limits are used, it is called a controlled motorway.

References
M1

M1 motorway - a UK motorway
 Apple M1 - a octa-core system-on-a-chip designed by Apple
Mooreana trichoneura

Mooreana trichoneura is commonly known as the 'yellow flat'. It is a butterfly belonging to the family Hesperiidae. It has a wingspan of 32-36mm. Butterflies like this are called 'flats' because they fly quickly and usually rest on the underside of a leaf with their wings open flat.

Its host plant is Mallotus paniculatus, in the spurge family Euphorbiaceae. The yellow flat is usually found in lowland forests up to 833m (2500ft).

The yellow flat has a wide distribution. It ranges from India to Thailand to Malaysia and can even be found in the Philippines. In the 4th quarter of 2012, it was discovered in Singapore.

References 

Hesperiidae
Predator (movie)

Predator is a 1987 American science fiction horror/action movie. It was directed by John McTiernan. The movie stars Arnold Schwarzenegger, Carl Weathers, Jesse Ventura, and Kevin Peter Hall. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox. The story follows a special forces team, led by 'Dutch' (Arnold Schwarzenegger).

They are on a mission to rescue hostages in Central America. The group does not know that they are being hunted by a technologically advanced alien, the Predator. Predator was written by Jim and John Thomas in 1985. Filming began in April 1986.

Production 
The movie cost about $15 million to make. It was released in the United States on June 12, 1987. Predator made $98,267,558 at the box office. At first, the reviews to Predator were negative. Much of this was because of a weak plot.  Two sequels, Predator 2 (1990) and Predators (2010) were made. There have also been two movies with the Alien franchise. These are Alien vs. Predator (2004) and Aliens vs. Predator: Requiem (2007).

Release Dates

Cast
 Arnold Schwarzenegger as Major Alan "Dutch" Schaefer.
 Carl Weathers as George Dillon, a former teammate of Dutch and a CIA agent.
 Elpidia Carrillo as Anna, a guerrilla, captured by Dutch's troops.
 Richard Chaves as Jorge "Poncho" Ramirez.
 Jesse Ventura as Blain Cooper, who fought with Mac in the Vietnam War.
 Bill Duke as Mac Eliot, a close friend of Blain's.
 Sonny Landham as Billy Sole, a Native American tracker.
 Shane Black as Rick Hawkins, the team's radio operator.
 R. G. Armstrong as Major General Homer Phillips, the coordinator of the mission.
 Kevin Peter Hall as The Predator. Hall also plays the end scene helicopter pilot. Peter Cullen did the voice of the Predator.

Box office 
Predator was #1 at the US box office in its opening weekend with a gross of $12 million. Only Beverly Hills Cop II made more money in 1987. The movie earned a total of $98,267,558. Of this, $59,735,548 was from the US & Canadian box office. $38,532,010 was made overseas.

References

Other websites 

 
 

1987 horror movies
1987 action movies
1987 science fiction movies
American science fiction movies
American action movies
20th Century Fox movies
English-language movies
Movies directed by John McTiernan
Predator movies
Movies set in North America
Jungle movies
Tor Johnson

Tor Johnson (born Tor Johansson, 19 October 1903 – 12 May 1971) was a Swedish professional wrestler and movie and television actor. During his wrestling career, he was billed as the Super-Swedish Angel.  

Johnson was born in Sweden, the son of Karl J. Johansson and Lovisa Petersson. He began appearing in movies in 1934, usually as boxers or wrestlers. In the 1940s, he played lumbering thugs and scowling plug-uglies. He appeared with Bob Hope and Bing Crosby in Road to Rio (1947), in Abbott and Costello in the Foreign Legion (1950), and with Shirley Jones in the movie version of Carousel (1956). 

He is best known though for his appearances in the low budget movies directed by Ed Wood. He played Lobo in Bride of the Monster and Night of the Ghouls, and the zombified Inspector Clay in Plan 9 from Outer Space. 

In the early 1960s, he had guest appearances as wrestlers, thugs, and circus strongmen in various television series including Peter Gunn, Bonanza, and The Shirley Temple Show. Johnson died in San Fernando, California, from heart failure in 1971. He was buried at the Eternal Valley Memorial Park in Newhall, California.

References

Other websites

Tor Johnson bio on (re)Search my Trash

Swedish movie actors
Swedish television actors 
Professional wrestlers 
Deaths from heart failure
1903 births
1971 deaths
Colony of Virginia

The Colony of Virginia (also known as Virginia Colony) was the first of thirteen colonies in North America. The English first tried to make the Roanoke Colony in 1584. A war delayed resupply until 1890. When the ships arrived, the colonists were gone. The decision to settle Jamestown again came from a group called the Virginia Company of London. Virginia was settled again in 1607 at Jamestown, this time successfully. The Virginia Company had its charter revoked in 1624 for not showing a profit. At that time the colony of Virginia became a crown colony. It became a British colony after 1707.). It remained an English colony until the American Revolution. 

The name Virginia was first applied by Sir Walter Raleigh and Queen Elizabeth I in 1584. After the English Civil War in the mid 17th century, the Virginia Colony was nicknamed "The Old Dominion" by King Charles II. He gave Virginia colony the name for its loyalty to the crown during the era of the Commonwealth of England. When Virginia colony was first settled it was a huge geographic area that was England's claim on all of North America. After the United States was formed, the entire states of West Virginia, Kentucky, Indiana and Illinois, and portions of Ohio were all later created from the territory that was once known in the Colony of Virginia.

References 

18th century in Virginia
Former British colonies
1707 establishments
1700s establishments in the Thirteen Colonies
List of One Day International cricket matches played by Bangladesh and West Indies

The cricket teams of Bangladesh and West Indies have played against each other in ODIs since 2003. They have met on 14 occasions. West Indies is most successful with 13 victories, Bangladesh have won in only 1 game.

Summary of results

Related pages 
Bangladesh national cricket team
West Indies national cricket team

References

Other websites 
ESPNcricinfo

Cricket lists
Cricket in Bangladesh
Night of the Ghouls

Night of the Ghouls is a 1959 horror movie written, directed, and produced by Ed Wood. It is a sequel of sorts to Wood's 1955 horror movie, Bride of the Monster.

The story is about a crook, Dr. Acula, who pretends to be able to contact the dead. He charges people large amounts of money to speak to their dead relatives. He summons a group of real ghosts who bury him alive.

The movie stars Kenne Duncan as Dr. Karl Acula, Duke Moore as Lt. Dan Bradford, Tor Johnson as Lobo, Valda Hansen as Sheila, Paul Marco as Patrolman Kelton, and Criswell as himself.

1959 horror movies
B-movies
American horror movies
Movies directed by Ed Wood
American independent movies
Movies set in California
Paul Marco

Paul Marco (June 10, 1927 – May 14, 2006) was an American actor. He often appeared in movies made by Ed Wood, including the "Kelton Trilogy": Bride of the Monster, Night of the Ghouls and Plan 9 from Outer Space. In this trilogy, he played a bumbling, fearful policeman named Kelton.

Biography
Marco was born in Los Angeles. He took lessons in drama, singing, and dancing at an early age. After graduating from Hollywood High School, he served in the United States Navy during World War II. 

His first known movie role was a small part in the 1944 movie Sweet and Low-Down with Benny Goodman. In the early 1950s, The Amazing Criswell predicted on national television that Paul Marco would go far in the movie business. Criswell introduced Marco to Ed Wood. In turn, Marco introduced Ed Wood to Bunny Breckinridge, a gay Shakespearean actor. Breckinridge lived with Marco for a time and co-starred in Wood's Plan 9 from Outer Space.

Marco depended on Wood for parts. He more or less retired as an actor as Ed Wood's movies shifted more and more towards pornography. In 1995, Marco recorded "Home on the Strange", in which he reprised his Kelton character for Dionysus Records. He revived Kelton once more in the 2005 science fiction satire/tribute film The Naked Monster. On May 14, 2006, Paul Marco died after a battle with hip problems and chronic illness. He was 78.

Movie list

References
Sloan, Will. (April 2005). "Can Your Heart Stand the Shocking Facts About Kelton the Cop A/K/A Paul Marco?" Filmfax, pp. 88-89

Notes

Other websites
Paul Marco's official website

Keltonsdarkcorner.com 

American movie actors
American television actors
Actors from Los Angeles
1927 births
2006 deaths
Duke Moore

Duke Moore, (July 15, 1913 as James Moore – November 16, 1976), was an American actor. He appeared only in movies made by Ed Wood. Between 1953 and 1970, Moore appeared in the following Wood movies: Crossroads of Laredo; Final Curtain; Night of the Ghouls; Plan 9 from Outer Space; The Sinister Urge, and Take it Out in Trade. Moore died in Hollywood of a heart attack.

Other websites

Deaths from heart failure
American movie actors
1913 births
1976 deaths
Struga

Struga is a small city in the southwest of North Macedonia at the Lake Ohrid. The Black Drin river runs through the town, dividing it into a western and an eastern part. About 15,000 people live in Struga. They are a mix of Albanians, (Slavic) Macedonians, Turks and Romani.

Struga is known for its tourism, mostly in the summer, when people come to take a bath at the shores of the Lake Ohrid and of the river Black Drin.

Struga is also the capital of the municipality with the same name including the town itself as well as nearby villages.

Cities in North Macedonia