cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Alevism

Alevism is a movement that originated in Anatolia in the 13th and 14th century. In Turkey, Alevites are the second-largest religious group, with up to 15% of the population. Alevites accept most of the teachings of Shia Islam, so they are sometimes seen as a group within Shia Islam. During history, Alevites have been persecuted, so there are no official figures of how many Alevites there are.

Islamic denominations
Ilana Rovina

Ilana Rovina (January 30, 1934 – October 18, 2020) was an Israeli singer and actress. Rovina was one of Israel's first pop stars in the '50s and '60s and released a string of hits. She was also an actress and known for her role in I Like Mike (1961). 

Rovina was born in Jerusalem and died from COVID-19 in Tel Aviv, aged 86.

References

1934 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in Israel
Israeli movie actors
Israeli singers
Jewish Israeli actors
Jewish Israeli musicians
People from Jerusalem
David Kushnir

David Kushnir (דוד קושניר; June 21, 1931 – October 18, 2020) was an Israeli Olympic long-jumper and track and field coach. He was born in Afula, Mandatory Palestine. When Kushnir competed in the Olympics he was 5-8 (173 cm) tall and weighed 163 lbs (74 kg).

References

1931 births
2020 deaths
Israeli sportspeople
Long jumpers
Olympians
Joseph Mar Thoma

Joseph Mar Thoma Metropolitan (27 June 1931 – 18 October 2020) (Syriac:ܡܺܝܛܪܳܦܽܠܶܝܬܳܐ ܕܟܽܘܪܣܝܳܐ ܫܠܺܝܚܳܝܳܐ ܕܡܰܠܰܒܰܪ ܐܰܒܽܘܢ ܝܰܘܣܶܝܦ ܡܳܪܝ̱ ܬܳܐܘܡܳܐ܀) was an Indian religious prelate. He was the 21st Marthoma Metropolitan and primate of the Mar Thoma Syrian Church headquartered in Kerala, India. He was born in Maramon, British Raj. He was the President of the National Council of Churches in India, Senior President of CCA, and the chairman of CASA.

Thoma died on 18 October 2020 in Thiruvalla, Kerala from pancreatic cancer, aged 89.

References

1931 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from pancreatic cancer
Indian people
Naâma (singer)

Naâma () (27 February 1934 – 18 October 2020) was a Tunisian singer. She was named "Naâma" (meaning grace in Tunisian Arabic) by the Master Tunisian composer Salah Al Mahdi. Naâma became her stage name which she kept until she retired in late 1990s.

She was born in Azmour, in the North of Tunisia. Naâma died on 18 October 2020 after a long illness in Tunis, aged 86.

References

1934 births
2020 deaths
Tunisian singers

People from Tunis
José Padilla (DJ)

José Padilla (1955 – 18 October 2020) was a Spanish disc jockey and producer of ambient music. He was best known for his work as DJ in the Café del Mar bar on the island of Ibiza. He was born in Barcelona, Spain. His career began in 1978.

In July 2020, Padilla was diagnosed with colorectal cancer. He died in Ibiza on 18 October 2020 from the disease, aged 64.

References

1955 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from colorectal cancer
Spanish musicians
Record producers
DJs
Arvin Reingold

Arvin Harold Reingold (July 22, 1930 – October 18, 2020) was an American politician and lawyer. Reingold was in the Tennessee House of Representatives from 1963 to 1965 and was a Democrat.

Reingold was born in New York City. He moved to Chattanooga, Tennessee. Reingold died in Atlanta, Georgia at the age of 90.

References

1930 births
2020 deaths
State legislators of the United States
Politicians from Tennessee
People from Chattanooga, Tennessee
Politicians from New York City
US Democratic Party politicians
Gérard Sulon

Gérard Sulon (3 April 1938 – 18 October 2020) was a Belgian footballer who played as a midfielder.

Sulon played for RFC Liège, CS Schaerbeek, Beerschot VAV and Crossing Schaerbeek.

He also played for the Belgian national team between 1964 and 1965.

Sulon died on 18 October 2020, aged 82.

References

1938 births
2020 deaths
Belgian footballers
Saeb Erekat

Saeb Muhammad Salih Erekat (also Erifat or Erakat or Arekat;   Ṣāʼib ʻUrayqāt or ʻRēqāt; 28 April 1955 – 10 November 2020) was a Palestinian politician and diplomat. He is the Secretary General of the Executive Committee of the PLO since 2015. He was chief of the PLO Steering and Monitoring Committee until 12 February 2011. 

He negotiated the Oslo Accords with Israel and remained chief negotiator from 1995 until May 2003, when he resigned in protest from the Palestinian government. He has been a member of the Palestinian Legislative Council since 1996.

On 9 October 2020, Erekat tested positive for COVID-19. He was at high risk for the illness, because he had a lung transplant in 2017.  On 18 October 2020, he was sent to the Israeli Hadassah Ein Karem hospital in Jerusalem in critical condition. Erekat died of complications from COVID-19 on 10 November 2020, aged 65.

References

1955 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in Israel
Palestinian politicians
Palestinian nationalists
Hiroh Kikai

was a Japanese photographer. He was born in Sagae, Yamagata Prefecture.

He was best known within Japan for four series of monochrome photographs: scenes of buildings in and close to Tokyo, portraits of people in the Asakusa area of Tokyo, and rural and town life in India and Turkey. 

Kikai died of lymphoma on 19 October 2020 at the age of 75.

Notes

References

1945 births
2020 deaths
Japanese photographers
Deaths from lymphoma
Enzo Mari

Enzo Mari (April 27, 1932 – October 19, 2020) was an Italian modernist artist and furniture designer. He was inspired by the arts and crafts movement, and his political views as a communist. Mari was born in Novara, Italy.

In the 1970s, he founded the Nuova Tendenza art movement as a professor at Società Umanitaria, also in Milan.  Also in that decade, he designed the Sof Sof chair and the "Box" chair.

Mari died on October 19, 2020 in Milan from COVID-19 at the age of 88.

References

1932 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy
Italian artists
Designers
Italian educators
People from Novara
Joan Mesquida

Joan Mesquida Ferrando (6 December 1962 – 19 October 2020) was a Spanish politician. He was a member of the Congress of Deputies for a short time in 2019. He was the Director-General of the Spanish National Police and Civil Guard from 2006 to 2008. Mesquida was a member of the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party.

Mesquida died of cancer in Palma de Mallorca, Spain on 19 October 2020, aged 57.

References

1962 births
2020 deaths
Cancer deaths in Spain
Spanish politicians
Jill Paton Walsh

Jill Paton Walsh  (29 April 1937 – 18 October 2020) was an English novelist and children's writer. She was born in London. Walsh was known for her books Knowledge of Angels, A Presumption of Death and The Attenbury Emeralds.

Walsh died in London in October 2020 at the age of 83.

References

1937 births
2020 deaths
English novelists
English children's writers
Writers from London
Iqbal F. Qadir

Vice-Admiral Iqbal Fazl Quadir (Urdu:اقبال فضل قادر) , (died 19 October 2020) was a Pakistani three-star rank admiral in the Navy, diplomat and analyst. He was known for his participation in second war. He was the Ambassador to Iran between 1983 to 1985.

Qadir died on 19 October 2020.

References

Other websites
Strong political will needed for success of CPEC
Indian Naval Doctrine
Myrter of Naval Crews in 1999 

Year of birth missing
2020 deaths
Pakistani politicians
Military people
Ambassadors
Aribinda

Arbinda (also spelled Aribinda) is the capital town of the Arbinda Department of Soum Province in northern Burkina Faso. The town has a population of 9,790 as of 2012. Arbinda is also known for its ancient airport, which is now likely abandoned.

History 

On 24 December 2019, a group of militants attacked civilians and a military base in Arbinda in one of Burkina Faso's deadliest attacks. At least 122 people were killed, including 35 civilians, 7 soldiers, and 80 attackers.

References 

 ^ "Thirty-five civilians killed in Burkina Faso after army repels militant attack". Thomson Reuters Foundation. 24 December 2019. Retrieved 25 December 2019.

Burkina Faso
2020 Thai protests

The ongoing 2020 Thai protests are a series of protests against the government of Prime Minister Prayut Chan-o-cha, which have included demands for reform of the Thai monarchy.

The protests were initially caused by the ending of the Future Forward Party in late February 2020. The party was critical of Prayut. This first wave of protests was held on academic campuses and stopped by the COVID-19 pandemic.

The protests started again on 18 July in a large demonstration organized under the Free Youth umbrella at the Democracy Monument.

Following mass protests on 14 October, a "severe" state of emergency, which gave more emergency powers to the authorities compared to those given by the Emergency Decree since March, was declared in Bangkok on the 15, citing the alleged blocking of a royal motorcade. 

Protests continued despite the ban, prompting a crackdown by police on 16 October.

References

February 2020 events
July 2020 events
August 2020 events
September 2020 events
October 2020 events
21st century in Thailand
2020 protests in Asia
November 2020 events
December 2020 events
Maurice Houdayer

Maurice Houdayer (18 July 1931 – 1 October 2020) was a French rower. He competed at the 1956 European Rowing Championships in Bled, Yugoslavia, with the men's eight where they won the silver medal. 

He was part of the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne with the men's eight, finishing in eighth place.

Houdayer died on 1 October 2020 at the age of 89.

References

1931 births
2020 deaths
French Olympians
Rowers
Jana Andresíková

Jana Andresíková (2 April 1941 – 19 October 2020) was a Czech actress. Andresíková was born in Kroměříž, Czech Republic. She was known for her roles in The Young Man and Moby Dick (1979), Giorgino (1994) and Arabela (1979–1981). 

Andresíková died on 19 October 2020 from COVID-19 in Mělník, Czech Republic at the age of 79.

References

Other websites
 

1941 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in the Czech Republic
Czech movie actors
Czech television actors
Czech stage actors
Luigi Franza

Luigi Franza (24 February 1939 – 19 October 2020) was an Italian politician and lawyer. Franza was a member of the Italian Democratic Socialist Party. Franza was a member of the Italian Senate between 1983 and 1994.

Franza died on 19 October 2020 in Ariano Irpino, Italy at the age of 81.

References

1939 births
2020 deaths
Italian politicians
Italian lawyers
Theodosius (Lazor)

Metropolitan Theodosius (secular name Frank Lazor; October 27, 1933October 19, 2020) was the primate of the Orthodox Church in America (OCA) from 1977 until his retirement in 2002. He retired due to bad health. He was born in Canonsburg, Pennsylvania. 

Theodosius died in Canonsburg from problems caused by multiple strokes on October 19, 2020, aged 86.

References

1933 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from stroke
People from Pennsylvania
Canonsburg, Pennsylvania

Canonsburg is a borough in Washington County, Pennsylvania,  southwest of Pittsburgh. The population was 8,992 at the 2010 census.

References

Boroughs in Pennsylvania
Bruno Martini

Bruno Martini (25 January 1962 – 20 October 2020) was a French footballer who played as a goalkeeper.

He played for Auxerre between 1981 to 1995. He also played for the national team from 1987 to 1996.  Martini represented the nation in two European Championships.

Martini died on 20 October 2020 of cardiac arrest caused by heart failure in Montpellier, aged 58.

References

1962 births
2020 deaths
French footballers
Deaths from cardiac arrest
Deaths from heart failure
Challuy

Challuy is a commune in the Nièvre department in central France.

References

Other websites
 INSEE commune file

Communes in Nièvre
Paul Murphy (Massachusetts politician)

Paul Maurice Murphy (February 24, 1932 – January 22, 2020) was an American politician and judge. He was born in Brockton, Massachusetts. He was a member of the Democratic Party. He was a member of the Massachusetts House of Representatives between 1961 to 1970 and again from 1971 to 1974.

Murphy died on January 22, 2020 in Osterville, Massachusetts at the age of 88.

References

1932 births
2020 deaths
State legislators of the United States
American judges
Politicians from Massachusetts
US Democratic Party politicians
People from Brockton, Massachusetts
Lawyers from Massachusetts
Mangalya Dosham

Mangalya Dosham, Mangalya Dhosham or Mangalya Sandhosham, is an Indian Tamil language television show.  It is a horror and thriller drama.  It aired on Colors TamilThe series starred Lakshmipriya, Arun Padmanabhan and Ravi Tej. It is a supernatural story based on the movie Arundhati.

This series had more than 100 episodes. Then Colors Tamil and the series team decided change the name of the show from Mangalya Dosham to Mangalya Sandhosham'

Plot
A Zamindar family lives in Manikkapuram. A commoner named Raghuvaran was in love with Zamindar's daughter Nayanthara. But when Raghuvaran proposed this idea to the courtiers, they threw him out. Nayanthara married someone else.  On her wedding day, the groom tied the sacred thread on Nayanthara, but that night, Raghuvaran killed the groom. Raghuvaran was caught and executed by hanging. Before he died, Raghuvaran promised that in every lifetime he would follow Nayanthara to get her marry him.

After many years, Nayanthara was reincarnated and reborn as Nithya who is born with Mangalya Dosha from her previous birth. She is a Bharathanatyam dancer. Tarun is a doctor who falls in love with Nithya at first sight. Raghuvaran comes as a ghost who haunts Nithya in many ways. Tarun and Nithya's agree to get married, but Deepika doesn't want Nithya to marry Tarun, so she tries to separate them. The rest of the story shows Nithya and Tarun trying to live together even though the of Raghuvaran does not want them to.

Cast
 Lakshmipriya in a dual role as
 Nithya - a Bharathanatyam dancer and Tarun's love interest and became wife (Present)
 Nayanthara - Zamindar's daughter and Raghuvaran love interest (Past)   
 Ravi Tej as Raghuvaran 
 A Ghost and he comes to haunts Nithya (Present)
 A commoner and he killed by Nayanthara (Past)
 Arun Padmanabhan as Tarun
 Nithya's husband and he get possessed by the ghost Raghuvaran

Recurring 
 Keerthi Vijay as Deepika
 KS Suchitra / Smrithi / Usha as Sulochana
 Sai Gopi / Rajesh as Aarumugam, Tarun's father
 Sumi Sreekumar as Mridhula
 Raveena Daha as Baakiya
 V. Dasarathy as Kodi
 Neelakandan as Prathap
 Egavalli as Shubha
 Varun Udhay as Aravind

References

Other websites
 Colors Tamil Official Facebook in Tamil
 Colors Tamil Official Youtube Channel in Tamil

Tamil-language television series
Indian television series
Paul Murphy (Australian journalist)

Paul Murphy  (1942/1943 – 20 October 2020) was an Australian political journalist and radio and television presenter. He presented the ABC's afternoon radio current affairs program PM from 1983 to 1993.

Murphy was a regular guest on This Sporting Life. He was the first host of the SBS-TV current affairs program Dateline, and presented the program for a decade.

In the 1994 Australia Day Honours Murphy was made a Member of the Order of Australia (AM) for "service to public broadcasting and to journalism".

Murphy died from cancer on 20 October 2020, aged 77.

References

1940 births
2020 deaths
Australian journalists
Australian television presenters
Television news anchors
Cancer deaths in Australia
Irina Skobtseva

Irina Konstantinovna Skobtseva (; 22 August 1927 – 20 October 2020) was a Soviet and Russian actress. She was the second wife of Sergei Bondarchuk. Skobtseva was born in Tula, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union. 

Her career began in 1955. Her best known works were in War and Peace, Othello and Walking the Streets of Moscow. In 1974, she was honored with People's Artist of the RSFSR.

Skobtseva died on 20 October 2020 in Moscow, aged 93.

References

1927 births
2020 deaths
Soviet movie actors
Soviet television actors
Russian movie actors
Russian television actors
Russian stage actors
Gran Torino

Gran Torino is a 2008 American drama movie produced by Clint Eastwood, who also starred in the movie. The movie co-stars Christopher Carley, Bee Vang, John Carroll Lynch and Ahney Her. This was Eastwood's first starring role since 2004's Million Dollar Baby. It is set in Highland Park, Michigan.

The movie is about Walt Kowalski, a recently widowed Korean War veteran who is left alone by his family and angry at the world. Walt's young neighbor, Thao Vang Lor, is pressured by his cousin into stealing Walt's 1972 Ford Gran Torino to be part of a local gang. Walt stops the theft and later becomes friends with the boy and his family.

Gran Torino was released on January 9, 2009. The movie had strong positive reviews.

References

2008 drama movies
American drama movies
Movies directed by Clint Eastwood
Johan August Arfwedson

Johan August Arfwedson (12 January 1792 – 28 October 1841) was a Swedish chemist. He discovered lithium in 1817 by isolating it as a salt.

Life and work 
Arfwedson was born in January 12, 1792. His family was very rich. His father was Jacob Arfwedson and his mother was Anna Elisabeth Holtermann. Arfwedson became a student at the Uppsala University in 1803. He completed a degree in Law in 1809 and a second degree in mineralogy in 1812. Later in the year, he received an position in the Royal Board of Mines.

In Stockholm, Arfwedson knew the chemist Jöns Jakob Berzelius. He got access to his private laboratory, which is where he discovered lithium in 1817, during analysis of the mineral petalite.

He was elected a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in 1821.

The rare mineral arfvedsonite was named after him.

References

1792 births
1841 deaths
Swedish chemists
Million Dollar Baby

Million Dollar Baby is a 2004 American sports drama movie directed, co-produced, and scored by Clint Eastwood from a screenplay written by Paul Haggis. It is based on short stories by F.X. Toole.

It stars Eastwood, Hilary Swank, and Morgan Freeman. 

Million Dollar Baby was theatrically released on December 15, 2004, by Warner Bros. Pictures. It received critical acclaim and grossed $216.8 million. The movie won four Academy Awards for Best Picture, Best Director, Best Actress (for Swank), and Best Supporting Actor (for Freeman).

Release dates

References

Other websites
 

2004 drama movies
2000s sports drama movies
Academy Award winning movies
Movies directed by Clint Eastwood
American sports drama movies
Movies based on books
Sergei Bondarchuk

Sergei Fedorovich Bondarchuk  (; ; Ukrainian: Сергі́й Фе́дорович Бондарчу́к, Serhiy Fedorovych Bondarchuk; 25 September 192020 October 1994) was a Soviet and Russian actor, movie director, and screenwriter. He is known for his historical dramas such as the 4-part movie version of Leo Tolstoy's War and Peace and the Napoleonic War epic Waterloo.

References

1920 births
1994 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Soviet movie actors
Soviet writers
Russian movie actors
Russian stage actors
Russian screenwriters
Russian movie directors
The Devil All the Time (movie)

The Devil All the Time is a 2020 American psychological thriller movie directed by Antonio Campos. It is based on the novel of the same name by Donald Ray Pollock.

It stars Tom Holland, Harry Melling, Bill Skarsgård, Riley Keough, Jason Clarke, Sebastian Stan, Haley Bennett, Eliza Scanlen, with Mia Wasikowska and Robert Pattinson.

The Devil All the Time was released in select theaters on September 11, 2020, and digitally on Netflix on September 16, 2020. It received mixed reviews from critics.

References

2020 movies
2020s thriller movies
Netflix movies
American psychological movies
American thriller movies
Movies based on books
Donald Ray Pollock

Donald Ray Pollock (born December 23, 1954) is an American writer. He first published his collection of short stories, Knockemstiff, in 2008.

His debut novel, The Devil All the Time, was published in 2011. He was the narrator of the movie version in 2020.

References

1954 births
Living people
American novelists
Writers from Ohio
Greta Gerwig

Greta Celeste Gerwig (; born August 4, 1983) is an American actress and filmmaker. She starred in Hannah Takes the Stairs (2007) and Nights and Weekends (2008).

She also starred in Greenberg (2010), Frances Ha (2012) and Mistress America (2015). 

Gerwig also directed Lady Bird (2017) and Little Women (2019), both of which earned nominations for the Academy Award for Best Picture.

References

1983 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American voice actors
Actors from Sacramento, California
Writers from Sacramento, California
Screenwriters from California
Movie directors from California
Movie producers from California
Noah Baumbach

Noah Baumbach () (born September 3, 1969) is an American filmmaker. He is known for his works The Squid and the Whale (2005) and Marriage Story (2019). He has written and directed Margot at the Wedding (2007), Frances Ha (2012), While We're Young (2014), Mistress America (2015), and The Meyerowitz Stories (2017).

References

Satellite Award winners
1969 births
Living people
Movie directors from New York City
Movie producers from New York City
Screenwriters from New York City
William Kunstler

William Moses Kunstler (July 7, 1919 – September 4, 1995) was an American lawyer and civil rights activist. He was known for defending the Chicago Seven.

Kunstler was an active member of the National Lawyers Guild, a board member of the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) and the co-founder of the Law Center for Constitutional Rights (CCR), the "leading gathering place for radical lawyers in the country".

References

1919 births
1995 deaths
Deaths from heart failure
Lawyers from New York City
American civil rights activists
Writers from New York City
Businesspeople from New York City
St. Johns, Michigan

St. Johns is a city in the U.S. state of Michigan.  The population was 7,865 at the 2010 census.  It is the county seat of Clinton County.

References

Cities in Michigan
County seats in Michigan
Monee, Illinois

Monee is a village in Will County, Illinois, United States. The population was 5,148 at the 2010 census.

References

Villages in Illinois
Christian Gmelin

Christian Gottlob Gmelin (12 October 1792 – 13 May 1860) was a German chemist. He was born in Tübingen, Germany. He was a grandson of Johann Konrad Gmelin and a great-grandson of Johann Georg Gmelin.

Life
Christian was born in October 12, 1792. He was born in Tübingen, Germany. In 1818, Gmelin was one of the first to observe that lithium salts give a bright red color in a flame. Gmelin later died in Tübingen, Germany, where he spent his entire life. He died on May 13, 1860.

References 

1792 births
1860 deaths
German chemists
Gold digger

A gold digger is a person, usually a woman, who has a relationship for money and/or goods rather than love. If the woman gets married, it's a marriage of convenience.

This type of relationship is called  gold digging. 

The term gold digger was a slang term which has its roots in the 20th century. It is especially popular with chorus girls and sex workers.

Gold digger rose in usage after the popularity of Avery Hopwood's play The Gold Diggers in 1919.

Songs about gold diggers include "Gold Digger" from Kanye West and "Gold Digger" from EPMD. Both reference women marrying for money.

Related pages
 Mistress (lover)
 Social stigma

References

Slang
Prostitution
Tin foil

Tin foil is a thin foil made of tin. Tin foil was replaced after World War II by aluminium foil. In the late 19th century and early 20th century, tin foil was in commonly used.

Properties 
Tin foil is stiffer than aluminium foil. It tends to give a slight tin taste to food that is wrapped in it. Tin foil is resistant to corrosion and oxidation.

References 

Metals
EDF

Electricite de France S.A. (EDF; "Electricity of France") is a French power company.  It is mostly owned by the government of France. Its headquarters are in Paris. It earned €71.2 billion in revenues in 2016. EDF produces 120+ gigawatts of electricity in Europe, South America, North America, Asia, the Middle East and Africa.

In 2009, EDF produced more electricity than any other power company in the world. In 2011, it produced 22% of the European Union's electricity, most of it from nuclear power:
nuclear: 64.3%;
renewable energy: 12.3% (includes 4.6% from dams);
gas: 8.6%;
coal: 14.5%;
other: 0.3%.

Its 58 active nuclear reactors (in France) are spread out over 20 sites (nuclear power plants). There are 34 reactors with 900 MWe, 20 reactors with 1300 MWe, and 4 reactors with 1450 MWe, all PWRs.

In 2017, EDF was scheduled to take over most of the power business of Areva, in a French government sponsored restructuring following financial and technical problems at Areva. In July 2017, France's Environmental Minister Nicolas Hulot said that up to 17 of France's nuclear power reactors — all of which are operated by EDF — could be closed by 2025 because of a new law about using less nuclear power.

References

Other websites

 Official website

1940s establishments in France
1946 establishments in Europe
Companies of France
Electric power companies
Foil (metal)

A foil is a very thin sheet of metal. It is usually made by hammering or rolling. Foils are made with malleable metals, such as aluminium, copper, tin, and gold. Foils can be torn easily. An extremely thin foil is called a metal leaf. Foil is commonly used for household uses.

Metals
Aluminium foil

Aluminium foil is foil made of aluminium. It is less than 0.2 mm (7.9 mils) thick. It can easily be bent or wrapped around objects. Aluminium foil was replaced tin foil in the mid 20th century.

Approximately 75% of aluminium foil is used for packaging of foods, cosmetics, and chemical products. 25% is used for industrial uses. It can easily be recycled.

History 
Aluminium foil replaced tinfoil in 1910, when the first aluminium foil rolling factory, "Dr. Lauber, Neher & Cie." was opened in Schaffhausen, Switzerland. The factory was owned by J.G. Neher & Sons. The factory started in 1886 in Schaffhausen, Switzerland. The way that aluminium foil was made started to change to include the use of print, colour, lacquer, lamination and the embossing of the aluminium.

Properties 
Aluminium foils thicker than 25 μm (1 mil) do not allow oxygen and water to pass through.

Aluminium foil has a shiny side and a dull side. The foil may have a non-stick coating on only one side. The reflectivity of bright aluminium foil is 88% while dull embossed foil is about 80%.

Uses 
Aluminium is used for packaging. Aluminium foil containers and trays are used to bake pies. It is also used pack takeaway meals. Aluminium foil is widely used in radiation shields and heat exchangers. Aluminium foil is used for art, decoration, and crafts.

References

Aluminium
Food utensils
Metals
Godtfred Kirk Christiansen

Godtfred Kirk Christiansen (8 July 1920 – 13 July 1995) was a Danish businessman. He was born in Billund. He was the son of Ole Kirk Christiansen, also a businessman, the founder of LEGO. He passed away of a stroke on 13 July 1995. He was known for making the LEGO industry and also making the LEGO brick. He was the one who created Legoland in Billund, the same year the Billund Airport started operating in 1968. He was in power for the LEGO president from 1957-1979.

1920 births
1995 deaths
Danish businesspeople
Lego
Jørgen Vig Knudstorp

Jørgen Vig Knudstorp (born 21 November 1968) is an Danish businessman. He was the executive chairman and former CEO of the Lego Group. He was born in Fredericia.

1968 births
Danish businesspeople
Lego
Living people
Glass (movie)

Glass is a 2019 American psychological superhero thriller mystery movie. It is set in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and was directed by M. Night Shyamalan. It is a sequel to both 2000's Unbreakable and 2016's Split. It stars Bruce Willis, James McAvoy and Samuel L. Jackson.

Cast
James McAvoy as Kevin Wendell Crumb / The Horde
Bruce Willis as David Dunn / The Overseer
Samuel L. Jackson as Elijah Price / Mister Glass
Spencer Treat Clark as Joseph Dunn
Anya Taylor-Joy as Casey Cooke
Sarah Paulson as Dr. Ellie Staple

Other websites

2010s superhero movies
American mystery movies
Dissociative identity disorder in movies
English-language movies
Movies directed by M. Night Shyamalan
Movies set in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Screenplays by M. Night Shyamalan
Superhero crossover movies
Superhero horror movies
Universal Pictures movies
Unbreakable (franchise)
American superhero movies
Split (movie)

Split is a 2016 American psychological horror movie. It is set in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and was directed by M. Night Shyamalan and is a stealth sequel to 2000's Unbreakable. It stars James McAvoy and Anya Taylor-Joy.

Cast
James McAvoy as Kevin Wendell Crumb / The Horde
Anya Taylor-Joy as Casey Cooke
Betty Buckley as Dr. Karen Fletcher
Bruce Willis as David Dunn (cameo)

Production
Shyamalan revealed that Kevin Crumb was going to be the secondary villain of Unbreakable but he felt it would make the movie too complicated. Since the movie was made by Universal instead of Touchstone Pictures, Shyamalan asked the Walt Disney Company to use David Dunn as a character and got to use him for free in exchange for a follow-up to both movies.

Other websites

2016 horror movies
American horror movies
Dissociative identity disorder in movies
English-language movies
Movies directed by M. Night Shyamalan
Movies set in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Screenplays by M. Night Shyamalan
Supervillain movies
Universal Pictures movies
Unbreakable (franchise)
Austin Powers: International Man of Mystery

Austin Powers: International Man of Mystery is a 1997 American comedy spy movie. It was directed by Jay Roach and was produced by Jan Blenkin, John S. Lyons, Eric McLeod, Demi Moore, and Mike Myers. It is the first entry of the Austin Powers movie series with a sequel released in 1999 followed by a second sequel in 2002.

Plot 
The setting is London, England.

Many characters use British English.

Cast 
 Mike Myers as Austin Powers, Dr. Evil
 Elizabeth Hurley as Vanessa Kensington
 Michael York as Basil Exposition
 Robert Wagner as Number 2
 Mindy Sterling as Frau Farbissina
 Seth Green as Scott Evil
 Will Ferrell as Mustafa

Other websites 

1997 movies
1997 comedy movies

1990s sex comedy movies
1990s spy movies
American parody movies
American sex comedy movies
American spy movies
Austin Powers
English-language movies
Histrionic personality disorder in fiction
Movies set in London
Movies set in the 1960s
Movies set in the 1990s
Screenplays by Mike Myers
Spy comedy movies
Time travel movies
Movies produced by Mike Myers
Litoria chrisdahli

Litoria chrisdahli is a frog from Papua New Guinea.  It lives in the Sepik Basin.

This frog has a spike on the end of its nose.  Scientists say it is related to Litoria prora and Litoria humboldtorum but it is smaller and smaller flaps of skin on its legs.  It also sounds different when it calls out.

References

Frogs
Animals of Oceania
Bideford witch trial

The Bideford witch trials began in 1682. Three women from Bideford were hanged - their crime was witchcraft. They were the last women in England to be executed for this crime. The women the were hanged to death were Temperance Lloyd, Susanna Edwards and Mary Trembles. At that time, Bideford was an important part of a growing transatlantic trade route with Newfoundland and Virginia. At the time of the deaths, the plague and smallpox epidemics, by 1680 the crowded town had a population of 2,600. Religion and folklore played key parts in the beliefs of those living in the 17th Century. To keep the people interested, there was also a reviving interest in and fear of witchcraft.

1682
1680s in Europe
17th century in England
Trials
MLS Player of the Month

The Major League Soccer Player of Month is a monthly soccer award given to players in Major League Soccer. The honor is given to the player who have had the best performance in each month by a panel of journalists from the North American Soccer Reporters organization. The award was formerly voted on by the Professional Soccer Reporters Association.

Since 2014, the award has been sponsored by Etihad Airways and named the Etihad Airways Player of the Month.

Winners

2020

2019

2018

2017

2016

2015

2014

2013

2012

2011

2010

2009

2008

2007

2006

2005

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1999

1998

1997

1996

References

Sports trophies and awards
2019–20 Winnipeg Jets season

The 2019–20 Winnipeg Jets season was the 21st season for the National Hockey League franchise that was created on June 25, 1997, and the ninth in Winnipeg, Manitoba, since the franchise moved from Atlanta prior to the start of the 2011–12 NHL season.

The season was suspended by the league officials on March 12, 2020, after other professional and collegiate sports organizations did as well because of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. On May 26, the NHL regular season was officially declared over with the remaining games being cancelled. The Jets advanced to the playoffs and faced the Calgary Flames in the qualifying round, losing in a four-game series.

Regular season
The Jets lost their first game of the season 6–4 to the New York Rangers on October 3. The Jets struggled in the opening month of October, having a 6–7–0 record with 12 points out of a possible 26 to start the season.

Standings

Divisional standings

Western Conference

Tiebreaking procedures
 Fewer number of games played (only used during regular season).
 Greater number of regulation wins (denoted by RW).
 Greater amount of wins in regulation and overtime (excluding shootout wins; denoted by ROW).
 Greater amount of total wins (including shootouts).
 Greater number of points earned in head-to-head play; if teams played an uneven number of head-to-head games, the result of the first game on the home ice of the team with the extra home game is discarded.
 Greater goal differential (difference between goals for and goals against).
 Greater amount of goals scored (denoted by GF).

Schedule and results

Pre-season
The pre-season schedule was published on June 13, 2019.

Regular season
The regular season schedule was published on June 25, 2019.

Playoffs 

The Jets faced the Calgary Flames in the qualifying round, losing in four games.

Player statistics

Skaters

Goaltenders

†means player spent time with another team before joining the Jets. Stats reflect time with the Jets only.
‡means player was traded mid-season. Stats reflect time with the Jets only.
Bold/italics means franchise record.

References

Winnipeg Jets
National Hockey League team seasons
Cross-site scripting

Cross-site scripting (XSS) is a client-side code injection attack. The attacker aims to execute malicious scripts in a web browser of the victim by including malicious code.

How it works 
In a Cross-site Scripting attack (XSS), the attacker uses your vulnerable web page to deliver malicious JavaScript to your user. The user's browser executes this malicious JavaScript on the user's Computer. Note that about one in three websites is vulnerable to Cross-site scripting.
Even though a Cross-site Scripting attack happens in the user's browser, it may affect your website or web application. For example, an attacker may use it to steal user credentials and log in to your website as that user. If that user is an administrator, the attacker gains control over your website.
To protect against Cross-site Scripting, you must scan your website or web application regularly or at least after every change in the code. Then, your developers must correct the code to eliminate the vulnerability. Contrary to popular opinions, web application firewalls do not protect against Cross-site Scripting, they just make the attack more difficult – the vulnerability is still there.

Types

Non-persistent
Non-persistent XSS vulnerabilities in Google could allow  sites to attack Google users who visit them while logged in.
The non-persistent (or reflected) cross-site scripting vulnerability is by far the most basic type of web vulnerability.

Persistent
The persistent XSS vulnerability is a more devastating variant of a cross-site scripting flaw: it occurs when the data provided by the attacker is saved by the server, and then permanently displayed on "normal" pages returned to other users in the course of regular browsing, without proper HTML escaping.

Self-XSS
Self-XSS is a form of XSS vulnerability which relies on social engineering in order to trick the victim into executing malicious JavaScript code into their browser.

Mutated XSS
Mutated XSS happens when the attacker injects something that is seemingly safe, but rewritten and modified by the browser, while parsing the markup. This makes it extremely hard to detect or sanitize within the websites application logic.
Computer security
Thomas-Alexandre Dumas

Thomas-Alexandre Dumas became France’s first black general in 1793. This was the period of the French Revolutionary Wars, marked by political extremism and atrocities. Yet Dumas won a reputation as a humane commander, who allegedly once had a guillotine taken down and burnt, claiming his men were short of firewood. In 1796 he was sent to Italy to serve under Napoleon Bonaparte, but the two men did not get on.

Dumas objected to the looting of Italian towns, which Napoleon generally tolerated. But Dumas proved his skill as a military leader, defeating the Austrians several times, who nicknamed him ‘the Black Devil’. In 1797, while suffering intense grief at recent news of the death of his infant daughter, Dumas captured a crucial bridge, then single-handedly held it against an Austrian cavalry squadron, receiving two sabre wounds.

His aide-de-camp described the scene: “I managed to turn toward the general; he was standing at the head of the bridge of Clausen and holding it alone against the whole squadron; and as the bridge was narrow and the men could only get at him two or three abreast, he cut down as many as came at him.” Even Napoleon was won over, nicknaming Dumas ‘the Horatius of the Tyrol’, after the hero who saved Rome.

Napoleon promoted Dumas and rewarded him with a pair of pistols from the armoury at Versailles, to replace those he’d lost at the bridge.

1762 births
1806 deaths
French Revolution
French diplomats
French generals
Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: Out of the Shadows

Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: Out of the Shadows is a fantasy action movie. It was made in the United States and released in 2016. It is part of the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (TMNT) series. The movie is the second and last in the rebooted TMNT movie series. It is the first TMNT movie to feature Krang, Bebop and Rocksteady.

Cast
Megan Fox as April O'Neil
Stephen Amell as Casey Jones
Tyler Perry as Baxter Stockman
Jane Wu as Jade

Voice cast
Brad Garrett as Krang

2016 comedy movies
2010s action comedy movies
2010s superhero movies
Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles movies
Paramount movies
Platinum Dunes movies
Evil Con Carne

Evil Con Carne is an American animated television series. It was created by Maxwell Atoms. It was originally shown on the Cartoon Network. It began on 2003 and ended on 2004. It focuses on the brain of a Mexican playboy attached to the body of a bear who wants to dominate the world. It originated as a part of Grim & Evil before it was split into two shows.

Cast  
 Phil LaMarr as Hector Con Carne
 Grey DeLisle as Major Doctor Ghastly
 Armin Shimerman as General Skarr, Stomach
 Frank Welker as Boskov

Danish Voice Cast 
 Troells Walther Toya – General Ar
 Karoline Munksnæs – Gyselig
 Dick Kaysø – Hector Con Carne

Channel Links

Cartoon Network series
The Grim Adventures of Billy & Mandy
2003 American television series debuts
2004 American television series endings
Supervillain television shows
Television shows about bears
English-language television programs
Sinbad: Legend of the Seven Seas

Sinbad: Legend of the Seven Seas is a 2003 animated movie about Sinbad the Sailor and his quest at the seven seas. It was made by DreamWorks Animation. It didn't do well at the box office.

It was the last movie  by Dreamworks to be drawn by hand instead of computer-animated.

Harry Gregson-Williams wrote the music for the movie.

Cast
Brad Pitt as Sinbad the Sailor
Catherine Zeta-Jones as Marina
Joseph Fiennes as Proteus
Michelle Pfeiffer as Eris
Dennis Haysbert as Kale
Additional Voices, Jack Angel, Stephen Apostolina, Kirk Baily, Bob Bergen, Gregg Berger, Rodger Bumpass, David Cowgill, Brian Cummings, Jim Cummings, Carlos Ferro, Bill Farmer, Richard Epcar, Elisa Gabrielli, Eileen Galindo, Nicholas Guest, Lex Lang,Jim Lau, Ann Mathias, Neil Kaplan, Tom Kenny, Phil LaMarr, Carole Jeghers, Danny Mann, Randall Montgomery, Bob Papenbrook, Dina Morrone, Jonathan Nichols, Phil Proctor, Tony Oliver, Bobbi Page, Michelle Ruff, Juan Pope, Al Rodrigo, Alan Shearman, Michael Sorich, Skip Stellrecht, Marcelo Tubert, Simon Wells, Frank Welker, Conrad Vernon, Claudette Wells.

References

2003 movies
2003 animated movies
American animated movies
American family movies
English-language movies
DreamWorks Animation movies
DreamWorks Pictures movies
Drive My Car

"Drive My Car" is a song by the English rock band the Beatles. It was mainly written by Paul McCartney, with some help from John Lennon. It was first released on the British version of the band's 1965 album Rubber Soul. The song is about a movie star who asks the narrator of the song to be her chauffeur. McCartney also said that "'Drive my car' was an old blues euphemism for sex".

Personnel
According to Ian MacDonald, except where noted:
 Paul McCartney – lead vocal, bass guitar, piano, slide guitar
 John Lennon – lead vocal, tambourine, rhythm guitar
 George Harrison – harmony vocal, lead guitar
 Ringo Starr – drums, cowbell

References

Sources

Other websites

The Beatles songs
1965 songs
Songs about sexuality
Norwegian Wood (This Bird Has Flown)

"Norwegian Wood (This Bird Has Flown)" is a song by the English rock band the Beatles. It was first released on their 1965 album Rubber Soul. It was mainly written by John Lennon, but listed as being written by Lennon–McCartney. The song was influenced by the lyrics of Bob Dylan. The song had a sitar played by George Harrison, which was the first time this had been done in Western rock music. The song was a number one in Australia, where it was released as a single. Rolling Stone magazine said it was the 83rd-greatest song of all time.

Personnel
Personnel per Walter Everett

John Lennon – double-tracked vocals, acoustic guitar
Paul McCartney – bass guitar, harmony vocals
George Harrison – 12-string acoustic guitar, double-tracked sitar
Ringo Starr – tambourine, bass drum

References
Citations

Bibliography

 
 
 
 
 

The Beatles songs
1965 songs
Francine Simonin

Francine Simonin (2 October 1936 – 9 October 2020) was a Swiss-Canadian painter, engraver, and designer. She was seen to be an expressionist. Simonin was born in Lucerne, Switzerland. From 1971 to 1994, she taught at the Université du Québec in Trois-Rivières. Simonin's works were regularly displayed by Galerie Lacerte in Montreal. She also did much of her work in Évian-les-Bains.

Simonin died on 9 October 2020 in Montreal, Quebec at the age of 84.

References

1936 births
2020 deaths
Naturalized citizens of Canada
Swiss painters
Canadian painters
Swiss educators
Canadian educators
Designers
People from Lucerne
People from Montreal
Ahmed Adghirni

Ahmed Adghirni (5 May 1947 – 19 October 2020) was a Moroccan politician, lawyer, writer, and human rights activist. He was from a Berber tribe. Adghirni was born in Aït Ali in Sous, Morocco. 

He was a political activist for Berbers in Morocco. He was very active in the World Amazigh Congress, participating in the "pre-congress" at Saint-Rome-de-Dolan in 1995 and the first congress at Las Palmas in 1997.

Adghirni died on 19 October 2020 in Tiznit, Morocco at the age of 73.

References

1947 births
2020 deaths
Human rights activists
Lawyers
Moroccan politicians
Moroccan writers
Spencer Davis

Spencer Davis (born Spencer David Nelson Davies, 17 July 1939 – 19 October 2020) was a Welsh musician and multi-instrumentalist. He was the founder of the 1960s beat band The Spencer Davis Group.

Davis died from pneumonia on 19 October 2020 in Los Angeles at the age of 81.

References

1939 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from pneumonia
Welsh rock musicians
Welsh pop musicians
Welsh pop singers
Rock singers
Guitarists
Tony Lewis (musician)

Tony Lewis (21 December 1957 – 19 October 2020) was an English pop rock singer-songwriter and bassist. He was a member of the band the Outfield, known for their hit single "Your Love". He released his first solo album, Out of the Darkness, in the spring of 2018 on Madison Records. His career began in 1984. He was born in London.

Lewis died on 19 October 2020 in London at the age of 62.

References

1957 births
2020 deaths
English pop singers
English pop musicians
English rock singers
English rock musicians
Bassists
Musicians from London
Singer-songwriters from London
Yehoshua Blau

Yehoshua Blau (Hebrew: יהושע בלאו , September 22, 1919 – October 20, 2020) was a Romanian-born Israeli scholar of Arabic language and literature. He was a Professor Emeritus at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. He was born in Cluj, Romania.

Blau was elected a Corresponding Fellow of the British Academy in 1983. Blau was elected as a member of the Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities in 1968.

Blau died on October 20, 2020 in Tel Aviv at the age of 101.

References

1919 births
2020 deaths
Naturalized citizens of Israel
Romanian writers
Israeli writers
Derryl Cousins

Derryl Cousins (August 18, 1946 – October 20, 2020) was an American umpire in Major League Baseball (MLB). He worked in the American League (AL) from 1979 to 1999, and umpired throughout both leagues from 2000 until his retirement following the 2012 season. Cousins was born in Fresno, California.

Cousins died on October 20, 2020 from cancer in Palm Springs, California at the age of 74.

References

Other websites
Major league profile
Retrosheet

1946 births
2020 deaths
Cancer deaths in California
Sportspeople from California
People from Fresno, California
Bogdan Józef Wojtuś

Bogdan Józef Wojtuś (4 July 1937 – 20 October 2020) was a Polish Roman Catholic prelate. He was an auxiliary bishop of the archdiocese of Gniezno from 1988 until 2012. He was born in Łąsko Wielki, Poland.

Pope John Paul II appointed him Titular Bishop of Vassinassa on November 17, 1993, and Auxiliary Bishop of Gniezno. On September 15, 2012, Pope Benedict XVI accepted his resignation request made for reasons of age.

Wojtuś died on 20 October 2020 from COVID-19 in Poznań, Poland at the age of 83.

References

1937 births
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in Poland
Roman Catholic bishops
Polish Roman Catholics
2020 deaths
Thiruvalla

Thiruvalla, alternately spelled Tiruvalla, is a town in Kerala and also the headquarters of the Taluk of same name located in Pathanamthitta district in the State of Kerala, India. It is known as the "Land of Non resident Indians".

References

Towns in India
Settlements in Kerala
Arthur Takes Over

Arthur Takes Over is a 1948 American comedy movie directed by Malcolm St. Clair and starring Lois Collier, Richard Crane, Skip Homeier, Ann E. Todd, Jerome Cowan, William Bakewell, Howard Freeman, Luana Walters, Almira Sessions. It was distributed by 20th Century Fox.

Other websites
 

1948 movies
1940s comedy movies
American comedy movies
20th Century Fox movies
Movies directed by Malcolm St. Clair
Homesteaders of Paradise Valley

Homesteaders of Paradise Valley is a 1947 American western movie directed by R. G. Springsteen and starring Allan Lane, Ann E. Todd, Robert Blake, Martha Wentworth, Gene Roth, Mauritz Hugo, Emmett Vogan, Edythe Elliott.

Other websites
 

1947 movies
1940s western movies
American western movies
Maubara Administrative Post

Maubara is a village in Maubara Subdistrict, East Timor, just west of the city of Liquiçá. Most of the inhabitants speak Tocodede. It lies near the Maubara Important Bird Area, the small coastal Lake Maubara. The Parish Church of Maubara is located here. There is a historic Dutch fort.

East Timor
Settlements in Asia
David Choquehuanca

David Choquehuanca Céspedes (born May 7, 1961) is a Bolivian politician. In November 2020, he became the Vice President of Bolivia. He was the Foreign Minister from 23 January 2006 to 23 January 2017.

References

1961 births
Living people
Vice Presidents of Bolivia
Álvaro García Linera

Álvaro Marcelo García Linera (; born 19 October 1962), is a Bolivian politician. He was Vice President of Bolivia from 2006 until his removal in 2019 during the Evo Morales presidency.

References

Living people
1962 births
Vice Presidents of Bolivia