cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Trichromacy

Trichromacy is a type of color vision. Animals with this kind of vision see colors with cone cells in their retina. The three types of cone cell are sensitive to different wavelengths of light. Color is constructed in the brain's visual cortex. Humans and many other primates have full color vision. Most mammals do not, because they have only one or two types of cone cells, which do not discriminate so many distinct wavelengths. Most other vertebrates such as lizards and birds have four types of cone cells, hence can discriminate more colors than humans can.

References 

Color
Vision
PPG Paints Arena

PPG Paints Arena is a sports arena in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The arena opened on August 18, 2010, and is the current home of the Pittsburgh Penguins of the National Hockey League (NHL). It was also home to Pittsburgh Power of the Arena Football League (AFL) from the team's 2011 entry into the league until its demise in 2014.

When it opened, the arena was known as Consol Energy Center, with the naming rights owned by Consol Energy. In October 2016, Consol Energy opted out of its naming rights contract, and PPG Industries took over the naming rights, choosing to promote its paint brand on the arena. The first Penguins game played in the arena was on October 7, 2010 in a 3–2 loss against their rivals, the Philadelphia Flyers.

The arena hosted the Frozen Four in 2013. The first event that happened in the arena was a concert by Paul McCartney. The arena hosted the WWE's Royal Rumble on January 26, 2014.

References

Other websites
Official website

Sports buildings in Pennsylvania
Sports in Pittsburgh
2010 establishments in the United States
2010s establishments in Pennsylvania
Pittsburgh Penguins
Take Me Home

Take Me Home is the second album by British-Irish boy band One Direction. It was released or made available to the public on 9 November 2012.

Songs

References

2012 albums
One Direction albums
Pop albums
Bad Moon

Bad Moon is a 1996 American horror and thriller movie. The movie is about strange events, full moons and werewolves. Mariel Hemingway plays attorney Janet Harrison. The movie was distributed by Warner Bros.. The movie was rated R for gore, horror, violence and some language. They had earlier given a higher rating based on graphic violence, which was then cut from the movie. When released, the movie received terrible reviews. Bad Moon was a huge box office flop.

1996 horror movies
1996 thriller movies
1990s horror thriller movies
American horror movies
American thriller movies
4.3.2.1

4.3.2.1 is a British 2010 crime-thriller movie. The movie is about four friends, all 19, during the late 2000s decade. One of them (Shannon) has one bad day after another. She gets mugged, assaulted and rejected. Another, Joanne (or simply Jo, played by Emma Roberts), works inside a 24-hour retail store. The reviews mixed. It was released in June 2010.

2010s crime thriller movies
2010s crime drama movies
2010 movies
William Allain

William A. "Bill" Allain (February 14, 1928 – December 2, 2013) was an American politician. He held office as the 58th Governor of Mississippi as a Democrat from 1984 to 1988.

Allain died December 2, 2013 in Jackson, Mississippi from unknown causes, aged 85.

References

1928 births
2013 deaths
US Democratic Party politicians
Governors of Mississippi
Hail to the Chief

"Hail to the Chief" is the official presidential anthem of the United States. The song is played only when the president of the United States appears during public appearances. It is also played during funerals of former [residents such as during Ronald Reagan's funeral. This song is under the public domain.

Songs
History of the United States
Lincoln College, Oxford

Lincoln College is one of the colleges of the University of Oxford. Its full name is "The College of Blessed Mary and All Saints, Lincoln". The college was founded in 1427 by Richard Fleming, Bishop of Lincoln. It is the 9th oldest college at the University. 

Colleges of the University of Oxford
1427 establishments
1420s establishments in Europe
15th-century establishments in England
Sulukta

Sulukta is a small town in Kyrgyzstan. Over 20 thousand people live in Sulukta.

References 

Towns in Asia
Geography of Kyrgyzstan
Surface mining

Surface mining is a method which operates on the surface of the land. Machines remove the overburden to get at material, such as coal, below it. 

Surface mining  includes strip mining, open-pit mining (UK: open cast mining) and mountaintop removal mining. It is mining in which soil and rock overlying the mineral deposit are removed. It is the opposite of underground mining, in which the overlying rock is left in place, and the mineral removed through shafts or tunnels.  

Surface mining gained popularity throughout the 20th century, and became the main way of coal mining in places such as Appalachia and America's Midwest.

In most forms of surface mining, heavy equipment, such as earthmovers, first remove the overburden. Next, huge machines, such as dragline excavators or Bucket-wheel excavators, extract the mineral.

Mining
Control system

Control system is a device or system that gives commands to manage the behavior of other devices or systems. The commands can be set or programmed, and the output is determined by the input. A control system is represented by a logic diagram.

Classes
 Open loop control system-without feedback
 Closed loop control system-with feedback 
Control engineering
Cyclonic separation

Cyclonic separation is a process to take out all of the unwanted particles from air, gas, or steam. The process uses a process called vortex separation and does not use filtering. It uses rotational and gravitational force to separate the unwanted particles. The process is done in a device called cyclone separator or "cyclone". The word "cyclone" in meteorology (weather) is a force in which the air's movement spirals inward.

Usage
 Cement industry
 Fossil fuel power stations
 Oil refinery
 Sawmill

Engineering
Boiler

A boiler is a device used to heat water or other fluids until it boils or before boiling point. The heated or vaporized fluid is then used for various process applications, such as central heating, power generation, cooking, and sanitation. 

Hot water boilers heat water for the purpose of domestic or commercial heating and hot water supply.

Steam boilers generate steam in order to power turbines for power generation and various other industrial heating applications.

Fuel
The source of the heat for boiler can be from coal, oil, wood, rejected heat or natural gas.

Types
The different types of boilers find their use in different applications.
 Fire-tube boiler
 Flash boiler
 Flued boiler
 Water-tube boiler
 System boiler
 Combi boiler

Steam heating
Where steam is required for space heating, the boiler is often called a steam generator. A niche application was for heating railroad passenger cars while steam locomotives were being phased out. The steam generator would be oil-fired on diesel locomotives or electrically heated on electric locomotives.  Steam heating is now uncommon on trains. Modern trains are usually heated by electric heaters.

References
Bulk material handling

Bulk material handling is a field of engineering. It involves designing equipment to handle dry materials in their bulk form. It consists of stationary machinery, mobile equipment and storage facilities. The purpose of this process is to transport materials from one place to another place or places.

Engineering
SAP Center at San Jose

The SAP Center at San Jose is a sports arena in San Jose, California. The arena opened on September 7, 1993, and is the current home to the San Jose Sharks of the National Hockey League (NHL) and the San Jose Sabercats of the Arena Football League (AFL).

The arena was originally known as San Jose Arena from 1993 to 2001, the Compaq Center at San Jose from 2001 to 2002, and as HP Pavilion at San Jose from 2002 to 2013. SAP acquired the naming rights for the arena in June 2013 and renamed the arena SAP Center at San Jose.

The arena has held many WWE events as well including: the Royal Rumble in 1998, SummerSlam in 2001, and The Great American Bash in 2007.

References

Other websites
Official website

Stadiums in the San Francisco Bay Area
Sports buildings in California
Sports in San Jose, California
1993 establishments in California
San Jose Sharks
Honda Center

The Honda Center is a sports arena in Anaheim, California. The arena opened on June 19, 1993, and is the current home to the Anaheim Ducks of the National Hockey League (NHL) and will be the home of the future Los Angeles Kiss of the Arena Football League (AFL) in 2014.

The arena was originally known as Pond of Anaheim in 1993 and as Arrowhead Pond of Anaheim from 1993 to 2006. Honda acquired the naming rights for the arena in October 2006.

The arena has held many WWE events as well including: WrestleMania XII in 1996, the Royal Rumble in 1999, and WrestleMania 2000 in 2000.

References

Other websites
Official website

Sports buildings in California
1993 establishments in California
Anaheim Ducks
Pat Tanaka

Patrick "Pat" Tanaka (born August 5, 1961) is an American professional wrestler.

He is best known for working with American Wrestling Association where he was one half of Badd Company and the World Wrestling Federation where he was one half of The Orient Express.

While in AWA, he won the AWA World Tag Team Championship as a member of Badd Company on March 19, 1988 when they defeated the Midnight Rockers. The team held the championships for a year and the lost them to the Olympians (Brad Rheingans and Ken Patera) on March 25, 1989.

In mid-March 2006, he opened Fighting Spirit Dojo in Minster, Ohio along with shoot-fighter Jody Poff. He teaches judo to more than 50 students while Poff teaches a group of mixed-martial-artists.

Championships

American Wrestling Association
AWA World Tag Team Championship (one time) (with Paul Diamond)
Continental Wrestling Association
AWA Southern Tag Team Championship (two times) (with Paul Diamond and Jeff Jarrett (one))
CWA/AWA International Tag Team Championship (five times) (with Paul Diamond (four) and Jeff Jarrett (one))
Pro Wrestling Illustrated
He was ranked #355 of the 500 best singles wrestlers during the "PWI Years" in 2003.
He was ranked #99 of the 100 best tag teams of the "PWI Years" with Paul Diamond in 2003.
Universal Wrestling Association
UWA/UWF Intercontinental Tag Team Championship (one time) (with Bulldog K.T.)

References

1961 births
Living people
American professional wrestlers
People from Honolulu
Sportspeople from Hawaii
Former WWE wrestlers
Cranes (band)

Cranes are a British dream pop band. Their most well known song is perhaps "Shining Road". They formed in 1985 in Portsmouth, England. The band's founding members were singer Alison Shaw, her brother Jim Shaw and guitarist Kevin Dunford. Dunford left the band in 1990. He was replaced by Mark Francombe who had such diverse musical influences as Velvet Underground, Can and Thobbing Gristle. He also liked building experimental electronic devices to alter his guitar-sound as well as wearing experimental hair. In 1989 their 6-track EP Self Non Self was released by Bite Back. A further guitarist, Matt Cope, was recruited. In 1990 they released an EP called Inescapable. It was their first release on the record label Dedicated. Later in 1990 they released another EP, Espero. 1991 saw the release of Tomorrows Tears followed by Adoration.

Their first album, Wings of Joy, was released in 1991. It reached number fifty-two in the UK Album Chart. In 1992 they opened 90 shows for The Cure on the U.S. and European legs of their "Wish" world tour. During a break from this tour their second album Forever was written and recorded and was released in 1993. It got to number forty in the UK. The single "Jewel" reached number twenty-nine in the UK Singles Chart. It was a collaboration with The Cure and became Cranes best-selling single.

Their third album Loved was released in 1994. Three singles were released from the album: "Lilies", "Shining Road", and "Beautiful Friend". In 1996 Cranes released 10,000 copies of La Tragédie d'Oreste et Électre. This album, based on a Jean-Paul Satre work, Shaw recites entirely in French. The next year Population 4 was released. It was their last album on Dedicated.

In 1997 the band broke up. In 2000 they reformed. They released Future Songs in 2001. In 2002 they performed before The Cure at Hyde Park. They released an EP called Submarine. Only 2000 copies of it were made. There were eight songs on it. All of them were remixes. In 2004 Particles and Waves was released. Cranes performed as the opening act for The Cure at the Move Festival. In 2007 Cherry Red Records released Wings of Joy again. Seven extra songs were on it. In 2008 they released an album called Cranes on their record label Dadaphonic. Pitchfork gave it a score of 7.2 out of 10. In 2009 Loved was released again by Cherry Red Records. There were seven extra songs on it.

References

Musical groups established in 1989
1980s British music groups
1990s British music groups
2000s British music groups
2010s British music groups
Zola Jesus

Nika Roza Danilova (born April 11, 1989), better known as Zola Jesus, is an American singer-songwriter. She has released three albums.

Early life
Danilova was born in Phoenix, Arizona to Russian parents. She was raised in Merrill, Wisconsin.

Career
In 2008 Danilova released Poor Sons.

In 2009, she made her first album, The Spoils, in her apartment. Sacred Bones Records released it in 2010. Pitchfork gave it a score of 7.6/10. 

In March 2010 Stridulum was released. It was an EP of six songs. 

Her second album Stridulum II was released in August 2010. It was her first album in the UK. In October 2010, she released an extended play called Valusia.

Her third album Conatus was released in October 2011. Danilova sang on "New France" on Orbital's 2012 album Wonky. 

In August 2013 Versions was released.

References

1989 births
American singer-songwriters
Living people
Singers from Phoenix, Arizona
Writers from Phoenix, Arizona
Writers from Wisconsin
Singers from Wisconsin
Bowser Jr.

Bowser Jr. is a character from the Mario video game series. He is the son of Bowser and prince of the Koopas. He is known for inventing machines, painting graffiti, and doing what he can to make his father proud. He first appeared in Super Mario Sunshine. Since then, he has become a main character and appears in most of the Mario video game series.

Appearances
Bowser Jr. first appears in Super Mario Sunshine, where he disturbs Mario's vacation with Princess Peach on Delfino Isle by making the island dirty and kidnapping Peach. He makes himself look like Mario, so the people of the island put Mario in jail. He kidnapped Peach because Bowser made him think that Peach was his mother, and he had to keep her safe. He later finds out that Peach is not actually his mother, but he still wants to fight Mario again in the future to make his father proud.

He later appears in New Super Mario Bros., where he is the boss of the tower levels at the middle of each world.

Bowser Jr. appears in Super Mario Galaxy, where he helps his father in battling Mario. He also has three worlds of his own.

Bowser Jr. makes an appearance in New Super Mario Bros. Wii along with the Koopalings, where he appears on an airship (a type of flying ship).

Jr. appears in Super Mario Galaxy 2, where he helps his father in battling Mario like in Super Mario Galaxy.

He also appears in New Super Mario Bros. U, along with the Koopalings and his father. He does the same in 'New Super Luigi U.

Bowser Jr. appears Super Mario 3D World + Bowser’s Fury as an ally to Mario to help him defeat Bowser (character) in an enraged form where he cannot control himself.

Bowser Jr. also appears a lot in the Mario spin-off games. He appears in Mario Kart: Double Dash!! and Mario Kart Wii. He also appears in some of the Mario sports games. He appears as a mini-boss in Mario Party 9. He has his own space on the boards where players have to play a minigame with him. He appears in Mario & Sonic at the Olympic Winter Games along with its sequel Mario & Sonic at the London 2012 Olympic Games, and Sonic at the Sochi 2014 Olympic Winter Games. He appears in Paper Mario: Sticker Star as a boss, and in Mario & Luigi: Dream Team'' as a boss in the Battle Ring. He has appeared in nearly every spin-off title since his introduction.

References

Other websites
Bowser Jr. on Super Mario Wiki

Fictional characters introduced in 2002
Mario series characters
Matt Bloom

Matthew Jason "Matt" Bloom (born on November 14, 1972) is an American professional wrestler. He currently works for the WWE under the ring name, Tensai.

He also wrestled under the ring names Prince Albert (or simply Albert) and A-Train in his early days of the WWF/E. He also competed under the ring name Giant Bernard during his tenure in Japan.

Championships
Impact Zone Wrestling
IZW Heavyweight Championship (one time)

Elite Xtreme Wrestling
EXW Tag Team Championship (one time)1

New Japan Pro Wrestling
IWGP Tag Team Championship (two times) (with Travis Tomko (one) and Karl Anderson (one))
G1 Tag League (2007) (with Travis Tomko)
G1 Tag League (2009) (with Karl Anderson)
New Japan Cup (2006)

Power Pro Wrestling
PPW Heavyweight Championship (one time)
PPW Young Guns Championship (one time)

Pro Wrestling Illustrated
He was ranked #45 of the top 500 singles wrestlers in the PWI 500 in 2012.

Pro Wrestling Noah
GHC Tag Team Championship (one time) (with Karl Anderson)

World Wrestling Federation
WWF Intercontinental Championship (one time)

Wrestling Observer Newsletter
Tag Team of the Year (2011) (with Karl Anderson)

1After he won the championship, he held it by himself.

References

Other websites
WWE profile 

1972 births
Living people
American professional wrestlers
Former WWE wrestlers
Jewish American sportspeople
Sportspeople from Massachusetts
Earl Sweatshirt

Thebe Neruda Kgositsile (born February 24, 1994), better known by his stage name Earl Sweatshirt, is an American rapper and record producer from Los Angeles, California. Kgositsile was originally known by the moniker Sly Tendencies when he started rapping, but soon changed his name when Tyler, the Creator invited him to join his hip hop collective Odd Future in late 2009.

He gained recognition and critical praise for his debut mixtape, entitled Earl, which released in March 2010 when he was just 16 years old. Shortly after its release, his mother sent him to a boarding school in Samoa for at-risk teens for a year and a half. He was unable to record music during his tenure there, but returned to Los Angeles in February 2012, just before his eighteenth birthday. Kgositsile rejoined Odd Future and started producing new music, releasing his debut studio album Doris in August 2013.

His second album, I Don't Like Shit, I Don't Go Outside: An Album by Earl Sweatshirt followed in March 2015, and his third, Some Rap Songs, released in November 2018. His projects have all received widespread critical praise. He is currently signed to Columbia Records as well as his independent label Tan Cressida.

References

Other websites

 
 
 
 

1994 births
American musicians
Living people
Edward Teller

Edward Teller (January 15, 1908 – September 9, 2003) was an American theoretical physicist. He was born in Budapest, the capital city of Hungary. At the time Hungary was called Austria-Hungary. He is known as "the father of the hydrogen bomb".

Early life

Teller's family was Jewish. Teller did not speak until he was three years old. He left Hungary in 1926. He moved to Germany. He went to the University of Karlsruhe there. He then went to the University of Leipzig. He got his Ph.D. in physics there. In 1933 Adolf Hitler became the leader of Germany. Teller decided to move so the Nazis wouldn't kill him for being a Jew. In 1934 Teller moved to Copenhagen in Denmark. He joined the Institute for Theoretical Physics there. He married Augusta Maria Harkanyi.  Then Teller moved to London in England to teach at University of London.

Career
In 1935 he moved to the United States to become a professor at George Washington University. In 1941 he stopped working at George Washington University. He joined the Manhattan Project in 1942. At the time it was called the Manhattan Engineering District. With Stanislaw Ulam and other immigrant scientists he invented the fusion bomb.

In 1952 Teller opened Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory at the University of California with Ernest Lawrence. In 1953 Teller became a professor at the University of California. He was on the cover of TIME magazine in 1957. From 1958 to 1960, Teller worked as the director of the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. He was the associate director until 1977. The laboratory is now called Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory.

In 1979 Teller had a heart attack. He blamed it on Jane Fonda. In 1982 he became a member of the White House Science Council.

Teller was given one of the first Ig Nobel Prizes for Peace in 1991. In 2000 Teller's wife died.

In 2001 a book Teller wrote about his life, Memoirs: A Twentieth Century Journey In Science And Politics, was published by Basic Books. Teller was 93.

He died from a stroke on September 9, 2003 at Stanford University.

Views
Teller was an agnostic. He also was a Republican.

References

1908 births
2003 deaths
Hungarian Jews
Jewish American academics
Jewish American scientists
Naturalized citizens of the United States
People from Budapest
Refugees from Nazism
American theoretical physicists
Hungarian physicists
Galahad

Sir Galahad is a character from Arthurian legend- a knight of the Round Table and the son of Sir Lancelot. Legend says that Galahad searched for and later found the Holy Grail earning him the name 'The Grail Knight', as he was the only one on earth considered by God worthy of finding the Holy Grail. It is said that when he drank from the grail, he was surrounded by light and ascended to heaven.His uncle was king Pelle and Galahad's father was actually Sir Lancelot. 

Galahad was also very noble and loyal, and was reknowned as a talented swordsman. Galahad was known as the perfect knight.
Arthurian legend
Characters in written fiction
Fictional knights
Chesapeake Bay Bridge

The Chesapeake Bay Bridge (called the Bay Bridge by locals) is a bridge that crosses Chesapeake Bay, on the eastern coast of the United States. The bridge is  long. It serves as a connecting route between the eastern and western shores of Maryland. The bridge was named after William Preston Lane Jr., the governor at the time that the building of the bridge was ordered.

Tolls and fees
A toll of six dollars is charged on the one-way toll side of the bridge (the side opposite of the Eastern Shore). Although for taxi services the fee is anywhere from 25 to 30 dollars.

Construction
The bridge was first proposed for building in 1938. Building did not begin until 1947 because of the United States' involvement in World War II. The bridge was finally opened to traffic on July 30, 1952. Later in 1967, because traffic on the bridge was increasing, another side for the bridge was proposed. The proposal was agreed to, and funded by the state of Maryland. Building began once again in 1969 and was completed in 1973.

Incidents
Today the Bridge is considered one of the most dangerous bridges in the world because of the accidents that have happened on it.
On August 10, 2008 a tractor trailer was involved in a head on collision, which worried people about the structure of the Bridge. Afterwards, the Maryland Transportation Comity ruled out any possibility of the accident being caused by the bridge itself.
 On August 28, 2012 the bridge was seen making unusual vertical movements that were later found to be caused by two construction tarps that had been installed for a construction project, catching wind causing the bridge to slightly move. In result to the incident, traffic that day backed up almost seven miles, a record for traffic on the bridge.
On July 18, 2013 a tractor trailer was hit from behind, forcing it over the edge of the bridge, falling a total of 27 feet into the water, where the driver then was able to open the door and swim to the Eastern Shore and receive help.

References
Roads to the Future Website
Chesapeake Bay Bridge Fundamental
Official PDF for Bridge Finances

Bridges in the United States
1952 establishments in the United States
20th-century establishments in Maryland
Ritwik Ghatak

Ritwik Kumar Ghatak (4 November 1925 – 6 February 1976) was a Bengali Indian filmmaker, scriptwriter and actor. He was born in Dhaka in East Bengal. He wrote his first play,  Kalo sayar, in 1948. In 1951, Ghatak joined the Indian People's Theatre Association (IPTA).  Ghatak acted in the 1950 film Chinnamul. In 1952 Ghatak completed his first movie, Nagarik. It was not released until 1977. Ghatak wrote the 1958 Hindi film Madhumati with Rajinder Singh Bedi.

Personal life
Ghatak married Surama Devi. He had a son, Ritaban Ghatak, and two daughters with her.

Ghatak died in 1976 in India from tuberculosis.

References

1925 births
1976 deaths
Indian actors
Indian writers
Ming-Na Wen

Ming-Na Wen (born November 20, 1963) is a Chinese actress. She is known for doing the voice of Fa Mulan in the Disney film 1998 Mulan and Mulan II. She played Jing-Mei Chen in ER. Wen plays Agent Melinda May in Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.

Wen was born in Hong Kong. Her name means "enlightenment". When she was a child she moved to the United States. In 1995 she married Eric Michael Zee. She lives with him in California.

Filmography

References

Other websites
Official website

1963 births
Chinese movie actors
Chinese television actors
Chinese stage actors
Chinese voice actors
Living people
August Alsina

August Anthony Alsina Jr. (born September 3, 1992) is an American hip-hop singer. He was born in New Orleans. He released his first mixtape in 2011. In August 2013 he was signed to Def Jam Recordings. His first EP Downtown: Life Under the Gun was released by Def Jam that month. It reached number 68 in the Billboard 200. His first album is going to be released in 2014.

References

Other websites
 Official website

1992 births
African American musicians
Living people
Singers from Louisiana
Hip hop musicians
Representational state transfer

Representational state transfer (REST) is a software architectural that was made to guide the development of the World Wide Web. Systems which implement REST are called 'RESTful' systems. REST documents a way for computer systems to communicate with each other using HTTP requests.

HTTP Verbs 
 GET fetches a resource.
 POST creates a resource.
 PUT updates a resource.
 DELETE deletes a resource.

Other websites 
 Mozilla Developer Network HTTP
 Wikimedia REST API

Internet
Technology
Julie Christmas

Julie Christmas (born December 25, 1975) is an American musician. She was the lead singer of the rock band Made Out of Babies and the metal band Battle of Mice. Christmas released three albums with Made Out of Babies. They broke up in 2012. Christmas sung on "Generation of Ghosts" on Mouth of the Architect's 2008 album Quietly. In 2010, Christmas released her first solo album The Bad Wife on CD and vinyl.

References

Living people
American rock singers
1975 births
Bernie Kopell

Bernard Morton "Bernie" Kopell (born June 21, 1933 in Brooklyn, New York) is an American actor. He is best known for his roles as Siegfried in Get Smart and as Dr. Adam Bricker ("Doc") in The Love Boat from 1977 to 1986.

References

Other websites

1933 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American voice actors
Actors from New York City
Margery Mason

Margery E. Mason (27 September 1913 – 26 January 2014) was a British actress and director. She is known for her roles in The Princess Bride and in Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire.

References

Other websites

1913 births
2014 deaths
British movie actors
British television actors
British stage actors
Actors from London
Ahmed Fouad Negm

Ahmed Fouad Negm (22 May 1929 – 3 December 2013) was an Egyptian vernacular poet. Negm is well known for his work with Egyptian composer Sheikh Imam, as well as his patriotic and revolutionary Egyptian Arabic poetry. Negm has been called "a bit of a folk hero in Egypt" or "el-Fagommi".

Negm was born in Sharqia, Egypt on 22 May 1929.

In 2007, Negm was chosen by the United Nations Poverty Action as Ambassador of the poor. Negm won the 2013 Prince Claus Award for ‘Unwavering Integrity’.

On 3 December 2013, Negm died at the age of 84 in Cairo, Egypt from a long-illness, aged 84.

References

Other websites
Rawafed: documentary interview Ahmed Fouad Negm "part one" Alarabiya.net 
Rawafed: documentary interview Ahmed Fouad Negm "part two" Alarabiya.net 

1929 births
2013 deaths
Egyptian poets
Poets
Activists
Musicians
Paul Aussaresses

Paul Aussaresses (7 November 1918 – 4 December 2013) was a French Army general. He fought during World War II, the First Indochina War and Algerian War. His actions during the Algerian War, and later defense of those actions, caused considerable controversy. He was perhaps best known for wearing an eye patch since he lost an eye during battle. 

Aussaresses was badly criticized in 2000, when in an interview with the French newspaper Le Monde, he defended the use of torture during the Algerian war. He repeated the defense in an interview with CBS's 60 Minutes, further arguing that torture ought to be used in the fight against Al-Qaeda.

Aussaresses died on 4 December 2013 from natural causes in La Vancelle, France, aged 95.

References

Other websites
 Torture to Prevent Terrorism? Interview with a French Master Torturer

1918 births
2013 deaths
Deaths from natural causes
French generals

People from Occitanie
World War II people
William Ramsay

Sir William Ramsay KCB  FRS (William Ramsay, Jr.; 2 October 1852 – 23 July 1916) was a Scottish chemist. Ramsay discovered the noble gases. He also helped discover several elements that are on our periodic table today. He received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1904 "in recognition of his services in the discovery of the inert gaseous elements in air" (along with Lord Rayleigh).

Early life

Ramsay was born in Glasgow on 2 October 1852. He was a nephew of the geologist Sir Andrew Ramsay. His father, William, Sr., was a civil engineer. His mother was Catherine Robertson. He studied at Glasgow Academy, at the University of Glasgow and at University of Tübingen in Germany. 

Ramsay went back to Glasgow as an assistant at the Anderson College. He found a job as Professor of chemistry at the University College of Bristol in 1879.

Career
On the evening of 19 April 1894 Ramsay was at a lecture given by Lord Rayleigh. Rayleigh had noticed a difference between the density of nitrogen made by chemical synthesis and nitrogen isolated from the air by removal of the other known components. He named the gas responsible for this difference "argon".  

He was working with Morris Travers, when he discovered neon, krypton, and xenon. He also isolated helium. In 1910, he also created and characterized radon.  In 1904, Ramsay received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry.

Ramsay discovered all six elements that are in the noble gas group on the periodic table.

Personal life
Ramsay was married to Margaret Buchanan in 1881. They had one daughter, Catherine, and one son, William George. William George died when he was 40.

Death
Ramsay lived in Hazlemere, Buckinghamshire until his death. He died in High Wycombe, Buckinghamshire on 23 July 1916 from nasal cancer (nose cancer). He died at the age of 63. He was buried in Hazlemere Parish church.

Recognition
The Sir William Ramsay School in Hazlemere is named after him.

References

Other websites

Nobel Lecture  The Rare Gases of the Atmosphere from Nobelprize.org website
Biography  Biography from Nobelprize.org website
Sir William Ramsay School
Ramsay biography
Chemical achievers 
Eponymous school
NNDB Biography
Web genealogy article on Ramsay 
Chemical genealogy
victorianweb biography 
chemeducator biography 
7/23/1904;This Photograph of Sir William Ramsay Was Taken in His Laboratory Specially for the Scientific American 

1852 births
1916 deaths
British chemists
Cancer deaths in England
Disease-related deaths in Buckinghamshire
Fellows of the Royal Society
Knights Commander of the Order of the Bath
Noble gases
People from Glasgow
Scottish scientists
Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff

Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff, Jr. (30 August 1852 – 1 March 1911) was a Dutch chemist. He was the first winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1901. van 't Hoff studied the active principles of chemical kinetics, chemical equilibrium, osmotic pressure, and stereochemistry.

1852 births
1919 deaths
Deaths from tuberculosis
Dutch academics
Dutch chemists
Dutch Nobel Prize winners
People from Rotterdam
Julius Lothar Meyer

Julius Lothar von Meyer (August 19, 1830 – April 11, 1895) was a German chemist. He worked with Dmitri Mendeleev and helped him draw up the first periodic table of chemical elements. He also worked with Robert Bunsen.

References

Other websites
 Periodic table according to Lothar Meyer (1870)
 Video of a talk by Michael Gordin titled "Periodicity, Priority, Pedagogy: Mendeleev and Lothar Meyer"
 The Internet Database of Periodic Tables. Chemogenesis web book. 

1830 births
1895 deaths
Deaths from tuberculosis
German chemists
People from Lower Saxony
Periodic table
Danilo Medina

Danilo Medina Sánchez (born November 10, 1951) is a Dominican politician. He was the President of the Dominican Republic from 2012 to 2020.

References

Other websites

Biography by CIDOB (in Spanish)

1951 births
Living people
Presidents of the Dominican Republic
Current national leaders
Sophia Bush

Sophia Bush (born July 8, 1982) is an American television and movie actress. She has also directed. Movies in which she appeared include John Tucker Must Die. Television programs in which she appeared include Chicago Hope, Chicago PD and "One Tree Hill". Bush was born in Pasadena, California.

References

American television actors
American movie actors
Actors from Pasadena, California
1982 births
Living people
Hongkong Electric Company

Hongkong Electric Company (HKC; ) is an electricity generation company in Hong Kong, People's Republic of China.

History
The company was established on 1 December 1890 in British Hong Kong.

Other websites
 HK Electric 

Electric power companies
Hong Kong
Joaquín Balaguer

Joaquín Antonio Balaguer Ricardo (September 1, 1906 – July 14, 2002) was the President of the Dominican Republic. He served three non-consecutive terms in that office. His first term was from 1960 to 1962, for his second term from 1966 to 1978, and again for his third and final term from 1986 to 1996. In 2000, Balaguer decided to seek an eighth term as president he lost the election.

On July 14, 2002, Balaguer died of heart failure at Santo Domingo's Abreu Clinic at the age of 95.

References

Other websites
 
 Diariolibre.com 
 UCSB.edu
 UCSB.edu

1906 births
2002 deaths
Deaths from heart failure
Presidents of the Dominican Republic
Lawyers
CLP Group

CLP Group (CLP; ) is an electricity company in Hong Kong. Their business are power generation, power transmission and electricity selling.

History
CLP Group was established in British Hong Kong in 1901 as China Light and Power Company Syndicate.

Other websites
 CLP 

Electric power companies
Hong Kong
Juan Bosch

Juan Emilio Bosch Gaviño (30 June 1909 – 1 November 2001) was a politician, historian, short story writer, essayist, and educator. He was the first democratically elected President of the Dominican Republic in 38 years. He served as president from February through September of 1963. Before this, he had been the leader of the Dominican opposition in exile to the dictatorial regime of Rafael Trujillo for over 25 years. 

In 1934, he married Isabel García and had two children with her: Leon and Carolina. During Trujillo's dictatorship, Bosch was jailed for his political ideas, being released after several months. In 1938, Bosch managed to leave the country, settling in Puerto Rico.

Juan Bosch died on November 1, 2001 after a long hospitalization period in Santo Domingo. He was suffering from Alzheimer's disease and was hospitalized for respiratory failure. As a former President, he received the corresponding honors at the National Palace, and was buried in his hometown of La Vega.

Related pages
List of historians by continent

References

Other websites
International Jose Guillermo Carrillo Foundation
Overview of modern Dominican history
Juan Bosch Foundation (in Spanish)
Dominican Homeland History (in Spanish) 
Juan Bosch: Una vida por la democracia, by Jesús Adolfo Becerril Valencia
 Los Bosch Gaviño: apuntes y gráficas sobre su historia familiar

1909 births
2001 deaths
Deaths from respiratory failure
People with Alzheimer's disease
Presidents of the Dominican Republic
Historians
Educators
Writers
Companhia de Electricidade de Macau

Companhia de Electricidade de Macau (CEM; ; English: Macau Electricity Company) is an electricity company in Macau, China. Its main business is power generation, power transmission, power distribution and electricity selling in Macau.

History
CEM was established in 1972 in Portuguese Macau.

Other websites
Website
Facebook

Electric power companies
Macau
Electricity
Felicity Jones

Felicity Rose Hadley Jones (born 17 October 1983) is a British television, stage and movie actress. She starred in movies including Brideshead Revisited (2008), Cemetery Junction (2009) and Rogue One (2016). Jones was born in Birmingham. Sources differ on her year of birth, with some saying 1983 and others saying 1984.

Filmography

Film

References 

English television actors
English movie actors
1983 births
Living people
Blindfold

A blindfold is a piece of cloth tied over a person's eyes. Sometimes a blindfold is made of material other than cloth. Blindfolds make it impossible to see. They are used for many different reasons: 
To cover the eyes of a person who is blind. 
They are used in some games played by children on a playground. 
As sleep masks to help a person sleep when there is too much light. 
In a ransom so that a person cannot see the kidnappers. 
In magic tricks. 
For erotic play.

In art, Justice is sometimes made to look like a woman wearing a blindfold.

Related pages
Eyeglasses
Mask

References

Clothing
Everland

Everland is a theme park in Yongin, South Korea. It is about one hour's drive away from Seoul.

Everland is the largest theme park in South Korea. In 2012, it ranked 12th in the world by number of visitors. It had 6.6 million visitors according to Travel + Leisure magazine.

The park is 36 years old. It has many kinds of attractions, as well as a zoo called Safari World, and a water park named Caribbean Bay. Everland also has seasonal festivals throughout the year. Samsung Everland, a part of company of Samsung operates and manages the park and the surrounding area.

Festivals 
 Snow Festival: Jan - Feb
 Tulip Festival: Mar - Apr
 Rose Festival: May - Jun
 Summer Splash: Jun - Sep
 Halloween & Horror Night: Sep.6 - Oct.31
 Christmas Fantasy: Nov.8 - Dec.31
 Romantic Illumination: Nov.22 - Dec.31

Attractions 
 T EXPRESS: South Korea's first and world's the steepest wooden roller coaster (77 degrees) with 3 minutes of running time. It is the longest wooden roller coaster in Asia, and the 7th largest in the world.
 Rolling X-Train: Rolling X-Train have 2 loops and 2 corkscrew. It's only roller coaster that have loops in Everland Resorts.
 K-POP Hologram: World's first holographic concert hall featuring YG stars.
 Safari World: Bus ride through the zoo where various animals wandering around freely. In the caged bus, the visitors will see the roaming lions, tigers, bears, and sometimes some animals come up to the bus to catch the feed thrown by the driver.
 Pororo's 3D Adventure: 3D virtual reality theater featuring Pororo and his friends.

Caribbean Bay 
Caribbean Bay is South Korea's largest water park. It has outdoor and indoor parts, and only indoor parts, named 'Aquatic Center' opens throughout the year.
 Running Water Pool (Indoor/Outdoor)
 Wave Pool (Indoor/Outdoor): Artificially generated waves featuring Caribbean beach
 Diving Pool (Indoor): 5.0 m in depth

Home Bridge 
Home Bridge is a resort and cabin site near  Everland. The wooden lodges are located 2,000 meters above sea level.

Everland Speedway 
Everland Speedway is South Korea's first racing track. It holds many racing events or competitions as well as provides guests to drive racing car.

References 

Theme parks in Asia
South Korea
Tourism
Samsung
Chalet Girl

Chalet Girl is a 2011 British-German-Austrian romance-comedy movie. It is about introducing people, romance and various family matters. Felicity Jones plays Kim Matthews. Brooke Shields plays Caroline. Sophia Bush plays Chloe.

This movie got mixed reviews from the critics. It was released in the United States in October 2011.

2011 comedy movies
2011 romance movies
2010s romantic comedy movies
Austrian movies
British romantic comedy movies
English-language movies
German romance movies
German comedy movies
Christian Benítez

Christian Rogelio Benítez Betancourt (May 1, 1986 – July 29, 2013), also known as Chucho, was an  Ecuadorian footballer who played as a forward for El Jaish of the Qatar Stars League at the time of his death.

On July 29, 2013, Benítez entered a hospital in Doha, Qatar because of a "strong pain" in his abdomen. He later went into respiratory failure. He died from complications leading to cardiac arrest at the age of 27.

References

Other websites

Transfermarkt profile
Player details  at Ecuadorian Football Federation 

ESPN Profile 
Profile at Birmingham City F.C. website

1986 births
2013 deaths
Deaths from cardiac arrest
Deaths from respiratory failure
Ecuadorian footballers
People from Quito
Feature movie

A feature movie or feature film is a movie (also called a film or motion picture) with a run time long enough to be the main or only movie to fill a program at a movie theatre. A program is the set of shows that people are given for one admission ticket. A feature movie is therefore a movie that runs for long enough to be the main or only show in a program. According to the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, American Film Institute, and British Film Institute, a feature movie runs for at least 40 minutes. The Screen Actors Guild states that it is 80 minutes or longer.

The majority of feature movies are between 70 and 210 minutes long. The Story of the Kelly Gang was the first feature movie based on length, and was released in Australia in 1906. The first feature-length movie based on a book was Les Misérables which was released in 1909.

Feature movie for children are usually between 70 and 105 minutes. Other early feature movies include a version of Oliver Twist (1912), Richard III (1912) and From the Manger to the Cross (1912).
The Invisible Woman

The Invisible Woman is a 2013 romance-drama movie. The movie is about a secret mistress of Charles Dickens. Ralph Fiennes plays Dickens. Kristin Scott Thomas plays Catherine Ternan and Felicity Jones plays Nelly Ternan. This movie will be released beginning in early 2014 in the United Kingdom and United States.

2013 romance movies
2013 drama movies
2010s romantic drama movies
British romantic drama movies
Joana Raspall i Juanola

Joana Raspall i Juanola (1 July 1913 – 4 December 2013) was a Spanish writer and librarian. She was born in Barcelona on 1 July 1913. Juanola died on 4 December 2013 from natural causes, aged 100.

References

Other websites
Joana Raspall at escriptors.cat

1913 births
2013 deaths
Deaths from natural causes
Spanish writers
Centenarians
People from Barcelona
High-pass filter

A high-pass filter is an electronic filter that passes the frequency component of a signal above a certain value (cutoff frequency). The frequency component below that certain value will be suppressed to almost zero.

Related pages 
 Low-pass filter
 Band-pass filter
 Band-stop filter

Electronic components
Low-pass filter

A low-pass filter is an electronic filter that passes the frequency component of a signal below a certain value (cutoff frequency). The frequency component above that certain value will be suppressed to almost zero.

Related pages 
 High-pass filter
 Band-pass filter
 Band-stop filter

Electronic components
Band-pass filter

A band-pass filter is an electronic filter that passes the frequency component of a signal within a certain range value, where it has its lower cutoff frequency and upper cutoff frequency. The frequency component outside that range of value will be suppressed to almost zero. In low frequency applications (up to 100 KHz), passive filters are generally constructed using simple R.C. networks while higher frequency filters (above 100 KHz) are usually made from R.L,C components.

Electronic components
Band-stop filter

A band-stop filter or band-reject filter is an electronic filter that blocks the frequency component of a signal within a certain range value, where it has its lower cutoff frequency and upper cutoff frequency. The frequency component outside that range of value will be passed on.

Electronic components
Steam drum

A steam drum is a part of a water-tube boiler. It is the place where water or steam gathers at the top of the boiler. It stores the steam produced in the water tube and it separates between steam and water mixture.

Boilers
Water-tube boiler

A water-tube boiler is a type of boiler in which water circulates in tubes heated by fire from outside. The fire is produced by the fuel being burned inside the furnace for the boiler.

Design types
 Babcock and Wilcox boiler
 A/D/M/O-type boiler
 Flex-tube boiler
 Forced-circulation boiler
 Low water content
 Stirling boiler
 Thornycroft
 White-Forster
 Yarrow boiler

Use
 Marine
 Railway
 Stationary

Boilers
Coal burner

A coal burner is a device that burns fine coal which has been ground into smaller particles.

Use
 Annealing
 Boiler heat provider
 Cement kiln
 Furnace
 Hot mix asphalt plant
 Quenching furnace

Related pages
 Burner
 Oil burner
 Gas burner
 Boiler
 Heater

Engineering
Superheater

A superheater is a device that changes saturated steam into dry steam. Dry steam is used in various industrial processes.

Types
 Convection superheater
 Radiant superheater
 Separately fired superheater

Engineering
Heat exchanger

A heat exchanger is a device used to efficiently transfer heat from one fluid to another. The fluids may be separated to avoid direct contact or mixing. Heat exchangers are used in many engineering applications, such as refrigeration, heating and airconditioning systems, power plants, chemical processing systems, food processing systems, automobile radiators, and waste heat recovery units.

Heating systems that use heat exchanges use natural gasses, propane, or heating oil. When either of these substances is burned to generate heat, they produce water vapor, soot, carbon dioxide, and most notably, carbon monoxide. If the heat exchanger is cracked then a person can be exposed to the carbon monoxide.

Types
 Adiabatic wheel heat exchanger
 Double pipe heat exchanger
 Dynamic scraped surface heat exchanger
 Fluid heat exchanger
 Phase-change heat exchanger
 Pillow plate heat exchanger
 Plate and shell heat exchanger
 Plate fin heat exchanger
 Plate heat exchanger
 Shell and tube heat exchanger
 Waste Heat Recovery Unit heat exchanger

Related pages
 Heat pipe
 Heat pump
 Micro heat exchanger

Other websites

References 
Engineering
Soot blower

A soot blower is a device used to remove soot that has accumulated on the furnace tube of a boiler during combustion. Steam or air can be used to blow the soot.

Types
 Air heater blower
 Long retractable soot blower
 Wall blower

Engineering
Marianne Muellerleile

Marianne Muellerleile (born November 26, 1948) is an American actress. She played Norma Bates (2000-2008) in the NBC soap opera Passions. In The Terminator in 1984, she also played a woman with a name similar to Arnold Schwarzenegger's confidant and love interest. Muellerleile was born in St. Louis, Missouri.

References

American television actors
American movie actors
Actors from St. Louis, Missouri
1948 births
Living people
State Grid Corporation of China

State Grid Corporation of China (SGCC; ) is a company owned by the government of the People's Republic of China which provides electricity to Northern China, Northeastern China, Eastern China, Central China and Northwestern China.

Website
 State Grid Corporation of China

China
Electric power companies