cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Racing Stripes

Racing Stripes is a 2005 animated adventure and comedy movie. It stars Frankie Muniz and Hayden Panettiere. The movie was  directed by Frederik Du Chau.

Cast 
 Hayden Panettiere - Channing Walsh
 Frankie Muniz - Stripes
 Dustin Hoffman - Tucker
 Whoopi Goldberg - Franny
 Steve Harvey - Buzz
 David Spade - Scuzz
 Jeff Foxworthy - Reggie
 Snoop Dogg - Lightning

Other websites 
 Official site
 
 

2005 movies
American comedy movies
American adventure movies
American animated movies
Movies about animals
2000s adventure movies
Movies composed by Ennio Morricone
Forehand

The forehand in tennis is a shot made by swinging the racquet across one's body in the direction of where the player wants to place the shot. For a right-handed player, the forehand is a stroke that begins on the right side of his body, continues across his body as contact is made with the ball, and ends on the left side of his body. It is considered the easiest shot to master, perhaps because it is the most natural stroke. Beginners and advanced players often have better forehands than any other shots and use it as a weapon.

Tennis
Vogue (magazine)

Vogue is a fashion and lifestyle magazine published in nine countries by a company called Condé Nast Publications. The American version of Vogue is edited by Anna Wintour, an English woman who has lived in New York City for a long time. Each month, Vogue publishes a magazine based entirely on fashion, life and design. It was founded in 1892. Today, it is considered one of the most prestigious magazines to be a part of. Those who are talked about, photographed, and planted in the pages of this magazine are considered to be trendy.

Other websites
Vogue

1892 establishments in New York (state)
Fashion magazines
Monthly magazines
Sponsor

To sponsor something is to support an event, activity, person, or organization. The support can be with money or giving something else useful, such as advertising, or time. A sponsor is the individual or group that gives the support, similar to a benefactor. A sponsor may also be a personal sponsor, a political sponsor or a state sponsor. There are many different kinds of sponsors.

Commercial sponsor 
A sponsor is one (usually a company) who gives cash, goods or services in return for promoting the sponsor's company. There is a distinct difference between sponsorship and philanthropy. A sponsor expects a return on  investment (ROI), usually in the form of advertising. A philanthropist donates something as a charitable contribution. In sports, sponsors compete to advertise in the most popular sports. In India, sponsors all want to be associated with Cricket. It is much harder to find sponsors for other sports.

Legislative sponsor 
A sponsor or patron, usually a legislator, is someone who presents a bill or resolution for consideration. Others who join the sponsor are known as cosponsors or copatrons. In the United States Congress a sponsor is the first person listed among the lawmakers who introduce a bill to either the Senate or the House of Representatives. The process is very similar to sponsoring a bill in Parliament.

Personal sponsor 
This is someone who agrees to help another person or persons, and be responsible for them. For example, an employer may sponsor a foreign national to become a permanent resident of the United States by guaranteeing that person a job. Sponsorship can also mean an individual who helps an organization. Many charitable organizations offer personal sponsorship of a boy or girl to help them. Many public radio and television stations ask for sponsors to provide funds for them to operate. At a Ceremonial ship launching the person breaking the champagne bottle over the ship's bow is called the sponsor of that ship. In many religions, godparents are the baptized child's sponsors.

State sponsorship 
Sponsorship is not always for the purposes of doing good. A state (or government) may sponsor terrorism for their own purposes. While not engaging in activities against another country (or countries) themselves, they may sponsor other groups to do it for them. The United States currently lists four countries who sponsor terrorism. They are: Cuba, Iran, Sudan, and Syria. State sponsors may also be called affiliates and/or supporters.

References

Other websites
 Ways to Sponsor a Child
 Become a Sponsor, Make-A-Wish
 Sponsoring an Animal 
 Find sponsors for your next event

Culture
Economics
Texas Rangers (baseball)

The Texas Rangers are an American Major League Baseball team from Arlington, Texas. The team plays in Arlington, but it also represents the cities of Dallas and Fort Worth and the surrounding area. The Rangers are part of the Western Division of Major League Baseball's American League.

Their first home field in Texas was Arlington Stadium. They built Rangers Ballpark in Arlington, later known as Globe Life Park in Arlington, next door, and tore down Arlington Stadium when they moved in to the new stadium. After the 2019 season, they left Globe Life Park for the new Globe Life Field, located across the street. Globe Life Park was then rebuilt into a football and soccer stadium.

The team began in 1961 as the Washington Senators. The Senators played poorly and had too few fans to support them. The team moved to Arlington, Texas, in 1972. They were renamed in honor of the famous state police force called the Texas Rangers. In the late 1950s and early 1960s, there had also been a minor league baseball team called the Dallas Rangers.

Postseason 
On October 22, 2010, the Rangers won the American League Championship Series (ALCS) for the first time. They beat the then-defending champion New York Yankees four games to two in the series. This was their first trip to the World Series, but they lost the San Francisco Giants in five games.

In 2011, the Rangers again reached the World Series, and again lost, this time to the St. Louis Cardinals.

Other websites 

Texas Rangers official website
Texas Rangers team statistics

References 

 
1961 establishments in the United States
20th-century establishments in Washington, D.C.
1960s establishments in Texas
Office suite

In computing, an office suite, sometimes called an office software suite or productivity suite is a software suite for use by workers. The parts of an office suite are usually come together, have a standard user interface and usually can interact with each other, sometimes in ways operating systems would not normally allow.

20th century office suites operated offline, not using the Internet. Examples that are still widely used include Microsoft Office and LibreOffice. Some can operate online, including Microsoft Office Online, Google Docs, and LibreOffice Online.

Usual parts
 Word processor
 Spreadsheet
 Presentation program
 Database
 Graphic design suite
 Communication
 E-mail client
 Personal information manager
 Groupware

Current suites

The most used office suite is Microsoft Office, which is available for Microsoft Windows and the Apple Macintosh. It has become a proprietary standard in office software.

Another office suite is any of the OpenDocument suites, which use the free OpenDocument file format. The most used one was OpenOffice.org , open-source software that can be used in Windows, Linux, Macintosh, and has created several other office suites similar to it, such as the Mac-native NeoOffice. Other free or less expensive office suites include LibreOffice, StarOffice, SoftMaker Office, KOffice and WPS Office. These programs support many of the features of Microsoft Office, and can open the files it creates and save new documents in those formats.

Apple computers have iWork, which is a office suite created specially for Mac OS X. It includes Pages, for word-processing, Numbers for spreadsheets, and Keynote, for presentations. They can also use  Microsoft Office for Mac, or StarOffice, KOffice, NeoOffice and OpenOffice.org, which all can be used on Apple computers.

Related pages
Web operating system
Web desktop

References

 Free Web-based Office alternatives  
 A good article on free office suites
 DMOZ Office Suites

Other websites
  DMOZ  / Office_Suites
Serial

Serial may refer to the presentation of works in sequential segments, e.g.:

 Serial (publishing): the publication of a journal in separate parts under the same title. Example: Nature (journal).
 Serial (literature) often a work of narrative fiction published in sequential installments.
 Serial (radio and television), series of radio and television programs that rely on a continuing plot
 Serial film, a short subject originally shown in theaters in conjunction with feature films, particularly in the 1930s and 1940s
 Serialism, in music
Port of Karachi

The Port of Karachi () is Pakistan's largest and busiest seaport. It handles about 60% of the nation's cargo (25 million tons per year). The port is located between the towns of Kiamari and Saddar. It is close to the center of old Karachi, the main business district, and several industrial areas. The geographic position of Karachi places the port near major shipping routes such as the Strait of Hormuz. The administration of the port is carried out by the Karachi Port Trust which was created in the nineteenth century.

Geography of Pakistan
Sonmiani Bay

Sonmiani Bay is found on the Arabian Sea in Lasbela District, Balochistan, Pakistan.

Geography of Pakistan
Bays
Churma Island

Churma Island or Churna Island () is a small island in the Arabian Sea off the coast of Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan.

Islands of Pakistan
Clifton Oyster Rocks

The Clifton Oyster Rocks are islands off the coast of the Clifton neighbourhood of Karachi, Pakistan. The islands were controlled by the Pakistani Navy until 2006, when the Karachi city government decided to make island as part of its plans to renovate the city. As part of these plans, the Port Fountain was constructed at the base of the northern island. It shoots water up to 620 feet in the air, and is the second-tallest fountain in the world.

Islands of Pakistan
Khiprianwala Island

Khiprianwala Island is a small island in the Arabian Sea. It is off the coast of Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan.

Islands of Pakistan
Malan Island

Malan Island is a mud volcano that is found in the Arabian Sea. It is three kilometers off the coast of Balochistan, Pakistan. It ran out of water in March of 1999.

Volcanoes of Asia
Islands of Pakistan
Mountains of Pakistan
Manora Island

Manora or Manoro () is a small island just south of the Port of Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. It has an area of .  The island is connected to the mainland by a  long causeway called the "Sandspit". Manora and other islands close to it create a protective barrier between Karachi harbor to the north and the Arabian Sea to the south. The western bay of the harbor has endangered mangrove forests which border the Sandspit and Manora island. To the east is Karachi Bay and the beach towns of Kiamari and Clifton. The island is located at . Manora is overlooked by the Manora Point Lighthouse, the fourth tallest in Pakistan at . 

Islands of Pakistan
Trillian

Trillian is an instant messaging program made by Cerulean Studios. It can be used with many different chat services.  The newest version works with AIM, ICQ, MSN, Yahoo Messenger, and IRC.

Instant messaging software
Frankie Muniz

Francisco "Frankie" Muniz IV (born December 5, 1985) is an American actor. He was born in Ridgewood, New Jersey and grew up in Wood-Ridge, New Jersey, Raleigh, North Carolina and Burbank, Los Angeles. He is best known for his role as Malcolm in the television sitcom Malcolm in the Middle.

Other websites 

People from Ridgewood, New Jersey
Actors from Los Angeles
Actors from New Jersey
Actors from North Carolina
American child actors
American movie actors
American racecar drivers
American television actors
American voice actors
Sportspeople from Los Angeles
Sportspeople from New Jersey
Sportspeople from Raleigh, North Carolina
1985 births
Living people
Actors from Raleigh, North Carolina
Wendee Lee

Wendee Lee (born February 20, 1960 in Los Angeles, California) is an American voice actress. She is best known for voicing, or speaking, in many different video games, Power Rangers episodes, ADR voiceover of The Powerpuff Girls series, and dubbing, or film making, in anime. She is also a vegetarian.

References

Other websites
 
 
 
 
 Wendee Lee Interview on Anime Dream

1955 births
Living people
American voice actors
Vegetarians
Actors from Los Angeles
Weilheim-Schongau

Weilheim-Schongau is a rural district in Upper Bavaria in the south of Bavaria, Germany. Neighbor districts are: Landsberg (district), Starnberg Rural District, Bad Tölz-Wolfratshausen, Garmisch-Partenkirchen (district) and Ostallgäu; Weilheim i.OB is the capital of the district Weilheim-Schongau.

Towns and municipalities

References

Other websites

 Official website (German)

 
Districts of Bavaria
El Muerto

El Muerto (in English, "The Dead One") is a superhero from a self-published comic book series made by Javier Hernandez. His real name is Juan Diego de la Muerte, or simply "Diego". Some of El Muerto's powers include super-strength, near-immortality, and the power to resurrect the dead. He got his powers after being kidnapped by the Aztec gods of death and destiny and being sacrificed in an ancient ritual.

Publication
El Muerto was first published in a comic book titled, "Daze of the Dead: The Numero Uno Edition" at the 1998 Alternative Press Expo in San Diego, California. The character has had much success since then, and has appeared in several different mediums such as a 2007 independent film.

History
Juan Diego de la Muerte was born and raised in Whittier, California. He became fascinated with Aztec mythology and the Dia de los Muertos ("Day of the Dead") traditions in Mexico. Raised Catholic, Diego often wondered what the Aztecs thought when their religion was replaced with what the Spanish conquerors believed. On his 21st birthday, Diego is excited for an upcoming Dia de los Muertos festival. Unfortunately his friends could not join him and Diego was forced to go alone. Borrowing his friend's car, Diego is dressed as an undead Mariachi. To celebrate the occasion, he got a tattoo of an Aztec skull days earlier. Unknown to him, the skull is actually a symbol of death representing the Aztec death god. The car crashes into a tree, killing Diego. He later wakes up in the land of the dead, Mictlan, where the Aztec gods Mictlantecuhtli and Tezcatlipoca sacrifice him. His heart is removed, and his facepaint is burned into his skin. He is told that he must fulfill an ancient prophecy and is sent back to the land of the living one year after his death. After he learns that he is truly dead, he finds out he has supernatural powers and decides to use them to help people.

Movies
El Muerto (film) (2007)

Sources

Other websites 
Official site
Official fansite

Comics characters
Comic books
Bill

Bill is a male name.
It may also refer to:
 Bill (proposed law), a proposed law in a legislature
 Bill, a nickname for a banknote
 Bill, an invoice specifying payment due, such as a phone bill
 Bill, a bird's beak.
El Muerto (movie)

El Muerto (also called The Dead One, El Muerto: The Dead One, The Dead One: El Muerto, or The Dead One: An American Legend) is a 2007 movie. It was made from the story of the comic book superhero El Muerto. It was written and directedby Brian Cox (director). Wilmer Valderrama starred as the main character, El Muerto/Diego de la Muerte. Also starring were Angie Cepeda as Diego's girlfriend, Joel David Moore as Diego's best friend, and Billy Drago played as the bad guy. The movie tells the story of Diego de la Muerte, a 21-year-old Mexican-American who is sacrificed by the Aztec gods of death and destiny to fulfill an ancient prophecy. The movie is rated PG-13 for violence and some disturbing images. The movie premiered on March 1, 2007 and was released on DVD September 18, 2007. It won the Best Feature Film Award at the first Whittier Film Festival in 2008.

Story
At the start of the movie, a young Diego is crossing illegally in to the United States from Mexico. Along the way, he meets an old Aztec man who tells him about a shortcut across a river. Before they get there, the old man performs an ancient ritual to the Aztec god of sacrifice and dies. Diego is then left alone at the river. Ten years later, Diego is living in East Los Angeles, California. He has a girlfriend Maria Somera and lives with his best friend Zak Silver. Maria's uncle, a priest of a local church does not like Diego's sympathy for the Aztec religion. This usually causes Diego and Maria to meet in secret. When a local Dia de los Muertos ("Day of the Dead") festival is to take place, a celebration with Aztec roots, Diego becomes excited. He dresses as an undead Mariachi with the traditional facepaint. Unfortunately, he has to go alone because both Zak and Maria are busy the night of the celebration. While driving to the festival, Diego's car crashes and he is killed. He later wakes up in Mictlan, the Aztec land of the dead. There he is sacrificed in an ancient ritual by the god of death and sent back to the land of the living a year after his death. He later learns that the old gods want to rule their world again. Three sacrifices representing the Church that took away their power must be made. This puts Maria's life is at risk because she is a descendent of one of the first churches in Mexico. Now Diego must fight against the gods that made him to save the woman he loves.

DVD release
The movie was released straight-to-DVD by Echo Bridge Entertainment on September 18, 2007. The movie was called "El Muerto" but it was re-titled "The Dead One" for the original DVD release. It is going to be released as "El Muerto" in the future. Special features included seven drawings by guest artists, commentary with director Brian Cox and Javier Hernandez, an art tutorial, the original comic book, three featurettes, a Spanish language track, and a DVD-ROM feature. In the DVD case is are 2 wash-and-wear tattoos and a collectible mini-comic created for the DVD.

References

Other websites
Official MySpace site
 
 

2007 movies
American superhero movies
American independent movies
Thomas Mitchell

Thomas Livingstone Mitchell (June 15, 1792 – October 5, 1855) became Surveyor-General of New South Wales and laid out many Australian towns and roads. He also went on four main expeditions to explore south eastern Australia.

Early life
Thomas Mitchell was born in Craigend, now part of Glasgow, Scotland on June 15, 1792. He worked in his uncle's colliery (coal mine) business. He joined the British Army in 1811 with the rank of lieutenant. He fought in the Peninsula War in Spain against Napoleon. As well as actual fighting, he worked as a surveyor and made maps. After the war he made maps of the battlefields. He was made a Major in 1826, but was then put on half pay.

Surveyor-General
Mitchell was given a job as a surveyor in New South Wales in September 1827. His job was to map roads, and join existing small maps into one big map that showed all of New South Wales. After John Oxley died in 1828, Mitchell was made the Surveyor-General, in charge of all the survey work. He planned and improved the layout of roads, bridges, towns, and public reserves.

References

 Australian Encyclopaedia Vol. 6, pgs. 110-112, Angus and Roberston, 1958

Australian explorers
Scottish people
Exploration of Australia
1792 births
1855 deaths
Wagga Wagga

Wagga Wagga is a small city on the banks of the Murrumbidgee River in New South Wales. The name Wagga Wagga is a Wiradjuri Indigenous Australian word. In 2019 the English translation of Wagga Wagga was changed from the widely accepted place of many crows to place of many dances and celebrations.

Wagga Wagga has a humid subtropical climate (Cfa in the Koeppen climate classification).

References

Other websites

Cities in New South Wales
Low Countries

The Low Countries is a term used to refer to a geographical region, especially during the Middle Ages. This region is around the deltas of the Rhine, the Scheldt and the Meuse (Maas). Today,  the Low Countries consists of the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, and the parts of Lower-Saxony (in Germany) that are in the region. Sometimes, the French Netherlands (Nord-Pas-de-Calais) are included as well.

The Dutch name of the Netherlands is Nederland, which literally means low country. The region was usually referred to as de Nederlanden.

Regions of Europe
Palestine Liberation Organization

The Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) is a group that works to create a state for Palestinians. The group was created in 1964. It represents Palestinians in diplomatic relations to other countries. It has held observer status at the United Nations since 1974.

The PLO used violence to try and get what they wanted, which was land from the Israelis that they lost in the Arab-Israeli War in 1948. The PLO wants the right of return for Palestinian refugees. There were many cases of fighting between the PLO and the Israeli army. 

There are two factions in the organization: Fatah and Hamas. From 1993 to 1998, the PLO made agreements with Israel that created the Palestinian National Authority (PNA). The PNA is in charge of governing Gaza and the West Bank. The leader of the PLO at the time was Yasser Arafat. He signed a series of peace treaties called the Oslo Accords with Yitzhak Rabin who was the Prime Minister of Israel at the time. Many politicians in the PLO and Israel did not agree with the Accords. Far right Israeli Yigal Amir who disagreed very much with the agreements killed Israeli prime minister Rabin.

Mahmoud Abbas has been leading the PLO as successor of Arafat since 29 October 2004 (acting until 11 November 2004).

References 

Politics of Palestine
Nationalist organizations in Palestine
1964 establishments in Asia
Arab–Israeli conflict
Dome of the Rock

The Dome of the Rock (, transliteration: Masjid Qubbat As-Sakhrah) is an Islamic mosque building in East Jerusalem.

It was built from 691 from 692 by Caliph Abd al-Malik. It is built on the spot where the Jewish Temple is believed to have been, and where Muslims believe Muhammad went up to heaven. The rock on which the building stands is believed by Jews, Christians, and Muslims to be the holiest place on Earth.

References 

Buildings and structures in Jerusalem
Holy places in Islam
Religion in Israel
Temple Mount
Illegal prime

An illegal prime is a special prime number.  Such prime numbers are called illegal, because there is a way to change them, so that they yield something illegal: a program to circumvent the Digital Millennium Copyright Act. One of the first people to find such a prime was Phil Camody. In 2001, he found a prime that contains the gzip compressed source code for a program that can circumvent the Content Scrambling System.  The Content Scrambling System is used as a way to prevent DVDs from being copied. Later, other primes were found that resulted in directly runnable programs.

The United States and other countries made it illegal to publish or circulate computer programs that can circumvent copy protection. Since prime numbers are a concept from mathematics, their knowledge cannot be made illegal easily. 

Any information that can be represented in binary form can be represented as a number.

Prime numbers
Computers
Temple Mount

The Temple Mount is a religious site in the Old City of Jerusalem. It is a holy place in Judaism and Islam.

In Judaism it is the location of the two Jewish Temples, and is believed to be the place where Adam was born, where Adam built an altar for God, where Cain and Abel offer their sacrifices, and where Abraham offered Isaac as a sacrifice. In Hebrew it is called  () or  ().

In Islam, the Temple Mount is believed to be the place where Muhammad ascended to Heaven. It Arabic it is known as the Haram (, al-Ḥaram al-Šarīf), which means "Noble Sanctuary".

It is also associated with Biblical prophets who are venerated in Judaism, Christianity and Islam.

Gallery

Referenced

Other websites 

 Templemount.org
 New Evidence of the Royal Stoa and Roman Flames  Biblical Archaeology Review
 Virtual Walking Tour of Al-Haram Al-Sharif ("The Noble Sanctuary")
 Mount Sifting Project

 
Holy places in Islam
Judaism in Israel
Content Scramble System

The Content Scrambling System (or Content Scramble System) is a system to encrypt and copy-protect DVDs. Such systems are generally called Digital Rights Management (or DRM) systems. CSS uses symmetric cryptography. It was introduced in 1996; today, it is considered ineffective.

In October 1999, Jon Lech Johansen and two other people (who remained anonymous) broke the system. CSS uses 40-bit cryptographic keys; because of different design problems, the effective key length is only about 16 bits. A 450 MHz processor, current at the time could brute force crack this in less than a minute. A modern processor such as the Core i7 or Athlon 64 can crack it in a few seconds.

CSS requires special information in the lead-in (a special area) of the disc. Since the lead-in cannot be changed on recordable DVDs these cannot have CSS protection (with a few exceptions, some professional drives allow writing CSS keys to recordable discs).

Open source implementations 
Libdvdcss is an open-source implementation used by many DVD software players, including VLC Media Player. Libdvdcss is region-free; it can read foreign-region DVDs even when the keys can't be read from the drive, by using a brute-force attack.

Cryptography
DVD
1986-87 NHL season

The 1986–87 NHL season was the 70th season of the National Hockey League. Twenty-one teams each played 80 games. The Edmonton Oilers won the Stanley Cup by beating the Philadelphia Flyers four games to three in the Cup finals.

Regular season 
The Oilers won their second straight Presidents' Trophy as the top team and Wayne Gretzky won his eighth straight Hart Trophy and his seventh straight Art Ross Trophy.

Final standings 
Note: W = Wins, L = Losses, T = Ties, GF= Goals For, GA = Goals Against, Pts = Points, PIM = Penalties in minutes

Prince of Wales Conference

Clarence Campbell Conference

Scoring leaders 
Note: GP = Games Played; G = Goals; A = Assists; Pts = Points

Stanley Cup playoffs 
Note: all dates in 1987

Playoff bracket

Finals 
Edmonton Oilers Vs. Philadelphia Flyers

Edmonton wins best-of-seven series 4–3

NHL awards

All-Star teams

First games 
The following is a list of players of note who played their first NHL game in 1986–87 (listed with their first team, stars(*) mark start in playoffs):
 Gary Roberts, Calgary Flames
 Joe Nieuwendyk, Calgary Flames
 Dave Manson, Chicago Blackhawks
 Joe Murphy, Detroit Red Wings
 Steve Chiasson, Detroit Red Wings
 Kelly Buchberger*, Edmonton Oilers
 Jimmy Carson, Los Angeles Kings
 Luc Robitaille, Los Angeles Kings
 Steve Duchesne, Los Angeles Kings
 Craig Berube, Philadelphia Flyers
 Ron Hextall, Philadelphia Flyers
 Vincent Damphousse, Toronto Maple Leafs
 Fredrik Olausson, Winnipeg Jets

Last games 
The following is a list of players of note that played their last game in the NHL in 1986–87 (listed with their last team):
 Thomas Gradin, Boston Bruins
 Mike Milbury, Boston Bruins
 Lee Fogolin, Buffalo Sabres
 Don Lever, Buffalo Sabres
 Gilbert Perreault, Buffalo Sabres
 Phil Russell, Buffalo Sabres
 Murray Bannerman, Chicago Blackhawks
 Darryl Sutter, Chicago Blackhawks
 Danny Gare, Edmonton Oilers
 Wayne Babych, Hartford Whalers
 Peter McNab, New Jersey Devils
 Mike Bossy, New York Islanders
 Chico Resch, Philadelphia Flyers

References 

 Hockey Database
 NHL.com
Yahya Khan

Agha Muhammad Yahya Khan (February 4, 1917 – August 10, 1980) was the final President of United Pakistan from 1969 to 1971, following the resignation of Ayub Khan. He has one son, Ali Yahya and one daughter, Yasmeen Khan.

Other websites

 Official profile at Pakistan Army website 

1917 births
1980 deaths
Pakistani politicians
Pakistan Peoples Party

The Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP, )  is a centre-left Islamic Socialist political party in Pakistan affiliated to the Socialist International. To date, its leader has always been a member of the Bhutto family. The Pakistan Peoples Party Parliamentarians (PPPP) is a party formed in 2002 by the PPP for the purpose of complying with electoral rules governing Pakistani parties.

The party was founded on November 30 1967 by Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto who was also its first chairman. The party creed is: "Islam is our faith; democracy is our politics; socialism is our economy; all power to the people."
 
Although its center lies in the southern province of Sindh, it also has considerable support in the more densely populated province of Punjab and even Azad Jammu and Kashmir as Azad Kashmir People's Party (Pakistan People's Party Jammu and Kashmir). It is currently in power and has been running the government since 2008; this is the 4th time the party has been in power since the Partition of Pakistan.

Socialist International
Social democratic parties in Asia
Political parties in Pakistan
Aksai Chin

Aksai Chin (, , Ākèsàiqīn) is a region  37,555 km² (16,481 sq mi) which lies at the juncture of China, Pakistan, and India. It consists of about one fifth of Kashmir and one of the driest place and true desert in the world that receive less rain than the Polar desert.

It is ruled by China but claimed by the Republic of India. Aksai Chin is one of the two main border disputes between India and China. The other is the dispute over Arunachal Pradesh. Aksai Chin (the name literally means "Chin's desert of white stones") is a very large high-altitude hot desert of salt with sand dunes and yareta (a type of cushioned plants)  that reaches heights up to 4,500 metres. It covers an area of 37,555 km² (16,481 sq mi) of the disputed territory. Geographically part of the Tibetan Plateau, Aksai Chin itself is a plateau and  it is often called the "Soda Plain". The region is almost uninhabited, has no permanent settlements, and receives no rain or snow as the Himalayan and other mountains block the rains from the Indian monsoon. Pakistan recognizes it as part of China, however India has objected to this and claims all the territory. In boundary talks in 1960 Chinese officials shown a map drawn by General Staff of the Chinese Army in 1918 shows the territory as part of China. However the map was not published hence it's authenticity is doubtful although another document in 1943 created by Bureau of Survey of Chinese Ministry of National Defence shows all of the territory as part of China.

Related pages
 
 Line of Actual Control

Geography of China
Territorial disputes of India
Territorial disputes of China
Muhammad bin Qasim al-Thaqafi

Muhammad bin Qasim Al-Thaqafi (, c. 31 December, 695 - 18 July, 715), born Imád-uddín Muhammad bin Qasim bin Yusuf Sakifi, was a Syrian general who attacked  the Sindh and Punjab regions along the Indus river (now a part of Pakistan). The conquest of Sindh and Punjab began the Islamic era in South Asia and continues to lend the Sindh province of Pakistan the name Bab-e-Islam (The Gateway of Islam).

695 births
715 deaths
Generals
Muslims
National symbols of Pakistan
Syrian military people
United States Army Air Force

The United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) was the military aviation arm of the United States of America during and immediately after World War II. It was the direct precursor to the United States Air Force, established in 1947. At its peak strength in 1944, the USAAF had over 2.4 million men and women in service, nearly 80,000 aircraft and 783 permanent bases, and operated from more than 2,000 airfields worldwide.

History
The Air Corps became the Army Air Forces in June 1941 to provide the air arm a greater autonomy in which to expand more efficiently, and to provide a structure for the additional command echelons required by a vastly increased force. Although other nations already had separate air forces independent of the army or navy (such as the British Royal Air Force and the German Luftwaffe), the USAAF remained a part of the United States Army.

United States Air Force
1941 establishments in the United States
1947 disestablishments in the United States
Salem Witch Trials

The Salem Witch Trials were a series of county court trials which accused people of being witches. The Salem Witch Trials involved two kinds of trials. First, court hearings were held before local magistrates; then trials were held in county court.  The witch trials were held in Essex, Suffolk and Middlesex  Counties of colonial Massachusetts, between February 1692 and May 1693.

In February 1692, two young girls in Salem Village, Betty Parris and Abigail Williams, began twisting themselves into strange shapes and saying words that made no sense.  Betty’s father called a doctor, who said that witches had invaded Salem Village and were  bewitching the girls.  The girls accused people they didn’t like of being witches.  

During the Trials, over 150 people accused of witchcraft were arrested and put in jail. Even more people were accused, but were never formally charged by the authorities. Twenty-nine people were convicted (or found guilty) of witchcraft, which was a capital felony. Nineteen of these people - fourteen women and five men - were hanged on Gallows Hill in present-day Salem, Massachusetts. Another man, Giles Corey, refused to enter a plea of guilty or not guilty. Authorities tortured him to try to force him to confess or enter a plea. Corey was crushed to death under heavy stones. At least five more of the accused died in prison.

The trials were held in Salem. Accused witches from surrounding areas were brought to Salem to be tried for witchcraft. The best-known trials were held by the Court of Oyer and Terminer in 1692 in Salem Town. All twenty-six people who went to trial before this court were convicted. In 1693, there were also four sessions of the Superior Court of Judicature in Salem. During these court sessions, thirty-one accused witches were tried for practicing witchcraft, but only three were convicted.

A much later Ipswich Witch Trial was held in 1878, and was called the second Salem witch trial.

References

 
17th century in Massachusetts
1692
1693
Baron

Baron is a title of honour in many European peerage systems. It is often a hereditary title that ranks as the one of the lower titles in a peerage. In the UK peerage system, the five peerage titles from highest to lowest are duke, marquess, earl, viscount and baron. Baronets and knights are not members of the peerage although a baron may also be a knight. In the feudalism of medieval England a baron was a tenant-in-chief who held his lands directly from the king. During the 13th century barons were summoned by royal writ to attend Parliament.

The word baron comes from Old French baron, itself from Frankish baro meaning "freeman, warrior". It later merged with Old English beorn meaning "nobleman." The lands of a baron are called a barony. The female title for a baron is baroness. The form of address for a baron is "Lord" and for a baroness "Lady".

References 

Nobility
Telephone box

A telephone box or phone booth is a public kiosk enclosing a payphone. It is usually an item of street furniture, though some may be inside a building.

United Kingdom telephone boxes were designed by Sir Giles Gilbert Scott and were common in the UK, Malta and Gibraltar. The colour red was chosen to make them easy to spot. Because of the growth of mobile phones, telephone boxes are steadily being removed.

Related pages
 Payphone

References

Other websites
 Gallery of UK telephone kiosks
 Picture guide to UK telephone boxes
 Telephone Box website
 Kiosk website
 Red telephone kiosks in Oxford, England 
 Red phone boxes in the Welsh landscape 
 Existing red phone boxes around the city of Liverpool

Street furniture
Telephone
Running gag

A running gag is an humorous joke or reference that is used several times in a work or series of works. A famous example of a running gag is the Couch gag in the opening of The Simpsons.

Humor
Harran

Harran, also known as Carrhae, is a district of Şanlıurfa Province in the southeast of Turkey.

Harran is an ancient city which was a major Mesopotamian commercial, cultural, and religious center. It is a valuable archaeological site. It is often identified as the place in which Abraham lived before he reached Canaan.

The city was the chief home of the Mesopotamian moon-god Sin, under the Babylonians and even into Roman times.

Carrhae is an ancient town on the site that doesn't exist anymore. It gave its name to the Battle of Carrhae (53 BC), fought between the Roman Republic and the Parthian Empire.

Harran's ruins are from Roman, Sabian, and Islamic times. T. E. Lawrence surveyed the site, and an Anglo-Turkish excavation was begun in 1951.

References

 Chwolsohn, Daniil Abramovic, Die Ssabier und der Ssabismus, 2 vols. St. Petersburg, 1856. [Still a valuable reference and collection of sources]
 Green, Tamara, The City of the Moon God: Religious Traditions of Harran. Leiden, 1992.
 Heidemann, Stefan, Die Renaissance der Städte in Nordsyrien und Nordmesopotamien: Städtische Entwicklung und wirtschaftliche Bedingungen in ar-Raqqa und Harran von der beduinischen Vorherrschaft bis zu den Seldschuken (Islamic History and Civilization. Studies and Texts 40). Leiden, 2002 .
 Rice, David Storm, "Medieval Harran. Studies on Its Topography and Monuments I", Anatolian Studies 2, 1952, pp. 36–84.

Other websites 
 Pictures of the city
 More pictures
 Harran Guide and Photo Album
 Livius.org: Harran (Carrhae)

Cities in Turkey
Assyria
Toronto Blue Jays

The Toronto Blue Jays (nicknamed the Jays) is a Major League Baseball team in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. They are part of the Eastern Division of Major League Baseball's American League. This means that they use the designated hitter rule in most of their games. Its president & CEO is Mark Shapiro, its general manager is Ross Atkins, and its coach and manager is John Gibbons. The team plays 162 games every year, which can be seen on television and heard on radio all across Canada.

The Blue Jays were founded in 1977 and are the only MLB team from Canada or anywhere outside of the United States, but they have not been the only one or even the first. There were also the Montreal Expos, which was formed in 1969, eight years before the Jays. However, the Expos moved to Washington, D.C. in 2004 (becoming the Washington Nationals). As part of the National League, which does not use the designated hitter rule, the Expos became rivals to the Blue Jays. People loved to see the two teams play against each other, since they were the only two MLB teams from Canada.

The first stadium used by the Blue Jays was Exhibition Stadium, part of Exhibition Place, in Downtown Toronto, near the waterfront. The team became popular, and in 1989 they moved to a larger stadium to the east, the "SkyDome". It was the first in the world to have a retractable roof, and is just a few blocks away from the Air Canada Centre and Union Station. The SkyDome hosted the Major League Baseball All-Star Game in 1991. It is now called Rogers Centre, taking its name from Rogers Communications, a telecommunications company who owns the team.

The Blue Jays won the World Series twice, first in 1992 against the Atlanta Braves and again the next year, in 1993. They won their second World Series on Joe Carter's walk-off home run against the Philadelphia Phillies in the last inning of Game 6 on October 23, 1993, for a final score of 7-6. In both of those years, the team won American League East division titles (having the best win-loss record in their division). Others years in which the Jays won division titles were in 1985, 1989, 1991, and most recently in 2015. They also went to the playoffs as a wild card team in 2016.

1977 establishments in North America
 
1970s establishments in Canada
Toronto Raptors

The Toronto Raptors are a Canadian professional basketball team in the National Basketball Association (NBA). They are based in Toronto. They were started in 1995. They play their home games at Scotiabank Arena. They are the only NBA team currently playing in Canada.

For the 2019 season, the Raptors won the Eastern Conference finals for the first time in the team's history. Because of this, they also got the chance to play in the NBA Finals for the first time in their history. They won the NBA Finals against the two-time defending champion Golden State Warriors in six games and became the first Canadian team to win an NBA Final. Kawhi Leonard was named the Finals MVP for the second time in his career.

References

Other websites

 
1995 establishments in Canada
Toronto Argonauts

The Toronto Argonauts are the Canadian Football League team in Toronto. The team was started in 1873 by the Argonaut Rowing Club.

References
Baute, Nicole (12 November 2008). "The colour of Toronto". Toronto Star

Other websites
Toronto Argonauts official website

Canadian football clubs
Sport in Toronto
1873 establishments in Canada
TD Canada Trust

TD Canada Trust is the personal, small business and commercial banking operation of The Toronto-Dominion Bank (TD) in Canada. It was created when two banks merged, Toronto Dominion and Canada Trust in 2000.

Sources

Other websites 
TD Canada Trust
TD Canada Trust Deposit Registers
TD Canada Trust Locations

Banks of Canada
Companies listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange
Potato chip

Potato chips (also called potato crisps in the United Kingdom and Northern Ireland) are thin slices of potato that have been baked or fried and lightly salted or seasoned. Some popular flavours of potato chips are: salt and vinegar, ketchup, sour cream and onion. They are one of the most important snack foods in Western nations. In England, they are called "Crisps", In America, they are called "Potato chips". 

In the 1790s, Thomas Jefferson brought thick french fries to the United States from France. However, a customer at a restaurant at the Moon Lake Lodge in Saratoga Springs, New York, was making the chef, George Crum, angry by saying that the fries were not thin enough. Finally, George Crum became so angry he decided to exaggerate. He sliced the potatoes so thinly they could not even be pierced with a fork. Then he put them in ice water for 30 minutes. After he fried and salted them, he gave them to the customer - who, to his surprise, loved them. First named "Saratoga chips" in 1835, it later became well known as "potato chips". George Crum later opened his own restaurant that served his special potato chips.

Notes

References

 Choron, Sandra. The Big Book of Kids' Lists. New York: World Almanac Publications, 1985.
 Caney, Steven. Steven Caney's Kids' America. New York: Workman Publishing, 1978
 Flexner, Stuart Berg. Listening to America. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1982.
 Sutton, Caroline. How Did They Do That? New York: William Morrow and Co., 1987

Other websites 

 Taquitos.net (more than 900 reviews of potato chips)
 A short documentary How Do They Make Potato Chips?

Snack foods
Potatoes
York University

This article is about the Canadian university. For the British university, see University of York.

York University (French: Université York), is a Canadian university in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. York University is Canada's third largest university. It first opened in 1959.

References

Toronto
Colleges and universities in Canada
University of Toronto

The University of Toronto is a university in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It was created by the King of the United Kingdom in 1827, many years before Canada became a country. The university is made up of 12 different colleges where students live and study. These colleges all have their own buildings, dining halls and libraries. Some colleges relate to Christian churches, but other colleges are not religious. The university also has hospitals and many places for research.

In teaching, the University of Toronto is known for its ideas about literature and communication. It is also the place where insulin and stem cells were first found. Its people built the first electron microscope, found the first black hole, and began a touchscreen technology called multi-touch. It is the university that has the most money and research work in Canada. The university's sports teams are called the Varsity Blues, and they have very long histories in American football and ice hockey. The University of Toronto has been ranked as one of the top universities in the world.

References 
 Friedland, Martin L. (2002). The University of Toronto: A History. The University of Toronto Press. .

Other websites 

University of Toronto

Association of American Universities
Colleges and universities in Canada
Toronto
Greater Toronto Area

The Greater Toronto Area (GTA) is the metropolitan area that includes Toronto and the surrounding cities such as Mississauga, Brampton, Markham and Vaughan. It is the most populous metropolitan area in Canada.

Toronto
Ontario
Metropolitan areas
GTA

GTA may refer to:

Arts and entertainment 
 Grand Theft Auto, series of video games by Rockstar Games
 Grand Theft Auto (video game), the original 1997 game
 Grand Theft Auto Advance, also known simply as Grand Theft Auto, 2004
 Grand Theft Auto (movie), a 1977 film directed by Ron Howard
 Grand Text Auto, a game studies blog by Nick Montfort
 GTA (DJs), an American electronic music duo

Car models 
 Alfa Romeo
 GTA, a succession of Italian sport coupés (1965–1975) based on the Giulia
 147 GTA, a high-performance version of the 147 hatchback
 156 GTA, a high-performance version of the 156 saloon and estate
 MiTo GTA, a concept version of the Alfa Romeo MiTo
 Pontiac Firebird Trans Am GTA, a U.S. sport coupé (1987–1992)
 Renault Alpine GTA/A610, a French sport coupé (1986–1991)
 Renault GTA, a sub-compact by American Motors (1986–1987) based on the Renault 11

Places 
 Gorkhaland Territorial Administration, semi-autonomous region in India
 Great Ayton railway station, England (station code: GTA)
 Greater Toronto Area, metropolitan area in Southern Ontario, Canada
 Goleta station, California, U.S. (station code: GTA)
James Cameron

James Francis Cameron (born August 16, 1954) is a Canadian Academy and Golden Globe Award winning movie director. He is also an oceanographer. He is best known for his hit movies The Terminator, Aliens, Titanic, and Avatar.

References

Other websites

1954 births
Living people
Academy Award winning directors
Canadian movie directors
Oceanographers
Golden Globe Award winning directors
The World Ends with You

The World Ends with You, released in Japan as  is an action role-playing game made by Square Enix and Jupiter for the Nintendo DS game console.

Other websites 

 Official Japanese website
 Official North American website
 Official European website 
 Official DeviantArt account - Concept Art Slides
 Square Enix Members Site coverage
 

2007 video games
Nintendo DS games
Nintendo DS-only games
Role-playing video games