cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Division of Bradfield

The Division of Bradfield is an Australian Electoral Division in New South Wales. It was created in 1949 and is named for Dr John Bradfield, the designer of the Sydney Harbour Bridge.

It includes the suburbs of St Ives Chase, St Ives, East Killara, East Lindfield, Roseville Chase, Roseville, Lindfield, West Lindfield, West Killara, West Pymble, South Turramurra, Thornleigh, Gordon, Lindfield, Pymble, Killara, Wahroonga, Waitara and Hornsby. 

Bradfield is the richest electorate in Australia.

Members

Billy Hughes was a former Prime Minister of Australia and the last serving member of the first federal Parliament. Brendan Nelson was a minister in the third and fourth Howard Governments and the Leader of the Opposition from 2007 to 2008.

Election results
 2004 election results
 2007 election results
 2009 by-election results
 2010 election results
 2013 election results

References

Other websites
 Division of Bradfield – Australian Electoral Commission
 Paul Fletcher's website

Electoral divisions of Australia
New South Wales
1949 establishments in Australia
Rolv Wesenlund

Rolv Helge Wesenlund (17 September 1936 – 18 August 2013) was a Norwegian comedian, singer, clarinetist, writer, and actor. Wesenlund was most famous for having portrayed the title character in Bør Børson, Bør Børson II, and in the TV series Fleksnes Fataliteter.

Wesenlund was born on 17 September 1936 in Horten. His career began in 1964. Wesenlund died on 18 August 2013 in Oslo from heart failure, aged 76.

References

Other websites

Livet er godt — og det må vi si fra om!  — interview in the Norwegian magazine «Vi over 60»
Biography about his role as H.C. Andersen—ambassador 

1936 births
2013 deaths
Deaths from heart failure
Norwegian comedians
Norwegian movie actors
Norwegian television actors
Norwegian stage actors
Norwegian singers
Norwegian writers
Gabriel García Moreno

Gabriel Gregorio Fernando José María García y Moreno y Morán de Buitrón (December 24, 1821 – August 6, 1875) was an Ecuadorian politician who twice served as President of Ecuador (1859–65 and 1869–75) and was assassinated during his second term, after being elected to a third.

He is known for his conservatism, Catholic religious belief and being enemies with liberal strongman Eloy Alfaro. Under his administration, Ecuador became a leader in science and higher education within Latin America.

In addition to the advances in education and science, he was noted for economically and agriculturally advancing the country, as well as for his staunch opposition to corruption, even giving his own salary to charity.

Moreno was born on December 24, 1821 in Guayaquil, Ecuador. He was married two times. The Liberals hated García Moreno; when he was elected a third time in 1875, it was considered to be his death warrant. He wrote immediately to Pope Pius IX asking for his blessing before inauguration day on August 30.

Moreno was assassinated exiting the Cathedral in Quito on August 6, 1875. He was struck down with knives and revolvers, his last words being: "¡Dios no muere!" ("God does not die!").  Faustino Rayo assaulted him with six or seven blows of a machete, while three others fired their revolvers.

Gabriel Garcia Moreno received Last Rites just before he died. Pope Pius IX declared that Gabriel Garcia Moreno "died a victim for the Faith and Christian Charity for his beloved country."

References

Other websites
 Official Website of the Ecuadorian Government about the history of the country's presidents 
 Catholic Encyclopedia: Gabriel Garcia Moreno
 Christian Order: The Prophecy of Garcia Moreno's Presidency & Death

1821 births
1875 deaths
Assassinated people
Presidents of Ecuador
People from Guayaquil
Vicente Rocafuerte

Vicente Rocafuerte y Bejarano (May 1, 1783 – May 16, 1847) was an influential figure in Ecuadorian politics. He served as President of Ecuador from September 10, 1834 to January 31, 1839.

Rocafuerte was born into an aristocratic family in Guayaquil, Ecuador on May 1, 1783. During his youth, was sent to Madrid to finish his education. He returned to Ecuador in 1807. Rocafuerte died on May 16, 1847 in Lima, Peru from complications of a fever. He was 64 years old.

Other websites
 Official Website of the Ecuadorian Government about the country President's History

1783 births
1847 deaths
Presidents of Ecuador
People from Guayaquil
José Joaquín de Olmedo

José Joaquín de Olmedo y Maruri (March 20, 1780 – February 19, 1847) was a patriot and poet. He was the son of the Spanish Captain Don Miguel de Olmedo y Troyano and the Guayaquilean Ana Francisca de Maruri y Salavarría.

Olmedo was born on March 20, 1780 in Guayaquil, Ecuador.

On October 9, 1820, Olmedo and others declared the city of Guayaquil independent from Spain. He was President of the Free Province of Guayaquil until it was united to Gran Colombia by Simón Bolívar against Olmedo's will. He was also twice mayor of Guayaquil.

He was Vice President of Ecuador from 1830 to 1831.

He was President of Ecuador from June 6, 1845, to December 8, 1845, surviving an attempted coup on June 18 of that year.

Olmedo died on February 19, 1847 in Guayaquil, Ecuador from complications of yellow fever. He was 66 years old.

Other websites
 Official Website of the Ecuadorian Government about the country President's History

1780 births
1847 deaths
Presidents of Ecuador
Vice Presidents of Ecuador
Mayors of Guayaquil
Vicente Ramón Roca

Vicente Ramón Roca Rodríguez (2 September 1792 – 23 February 1858) was President of Ecuador from 8 December 1845 to 15 October 1849. He was a member of the Liberal Party. He led the revolution that overthrew Juan José Flores, along with José Joaquín de Olmedo and Diego Noboa. He ruled under the Constitution of 1845.

Roca was born on 2 September 1792 in Guayaquil, Ecuador. He was married to Juana Andrade. Roca died on 23 February 1858 from complications of pneumonia, aged 65.

Other websites
 Official Website of the Ecuadorian Government about the country President's History

1792 births
1858 deaths
Deaths from pneumonia
Presidents of Ecuador
People from Guayaquil
Manuel de Ascásubi

Manuel de Ascázubi y Matheu (1802– December 25, 1876) served as Vice President of Ecuador from 1847 to 1851 and in that capacity he was also acting President from 10 October 1849 to 10 June 1850.

Ascásubi was born in 1802 in Guayaquil, Ecuador. He died on December 25, 1876 in Quito, Ecuador from a heart attack. He was 74 years old.

Other websites
 Official Website of the Ecuadorian Government about the country President's History
  
 http://www.vicepresidencia.gov.ec/lavicepresidencia/historia/vicepresidentes-en-la-historia 

1802 births
1876 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Presidents of Ecuador
People from Guayaquil
Vice Presidents of Ecuador
Diego Noboa

Diego de Noboa y Arteta (April 15, 1789 – November 3, 1870) was President of Ecuador from December 8, 1850 to February 26, 1851 (interim) and February 26, 1851 to July 17, 1851.

Noboa was born on April 15, 1789 in Guayaquil, Ecuador. He died on November 3, 1870 in Guayaquil, Ecuador from pneumonia, aged 81.

References

Other websites
 Official website of the Ecuadorian Government about the country president's history

1789 births
1870 deaths
Deaths from pneumonia
Presidents of Ecuador
People from Guayaquil
José María Urvina

José María Mariano Segundo de Urvina y Viteri (19 March 1808 – 4 September 1891) was President of Ecuador from 13 July 1851 to 16 October 1856. He was born in Quillon (Pillaro- Tungurahua) on 19 March 1808.

José María Urvina pursued his primary education in the village of his birth. He then attended the Navy School in Guayaquil. He was notorious among his classmates from whom he obtained friendship and consideration.

Urvina died on 4 September 1891 in Guayaquil, Ecuador from natural causes. He was 83 years old.

Other websites
 Official Website of the Ecuadorian Government about the country President's History
 http://www.enciclopediadelecuador.com

1808 births
1891 deaths
Deaths from natural causes
Presidents of Ecuador
People from Guayaquil
Francisco Robles

Francisco Robles García (May 5, 1811 – March 2, 1893) was an Ecuadorian politician. He was President of Ecuador from October 16, 1856, to September 17, 1859.

Robles was born on May 5, 1811, in Guayaquil, Royal Audience of Quito, Ecuador. He was married to Carmen Santistevan Avilés. Robles died on March 2, 1893, in Guayaquil, Ecuador from heart failure, aged 81.

Other websites
 Official Website of the Ecuadorian Government about the country President's History

1811 births
1893 deaths
Deaths from heart failure
Presidents of Ecuador
People from Guayaquil
Jerónimo Carrión

Jerónimo Carrión y Palacio (1804 – 5 May 1873) was President of Ecuador between 7 September 1865 and 6 November 1867. He also served as Vice President of Ecuador and led a brief rebellion in 1859.

He was a member of the Ecuadorian Conservative Party.

Carrión died on 5 May 1873 in Quito, Ecuador from pneumonia, aged 69.

Other websites
 Official Website of the Ecuadorian Government about the country President's History

1804 births
1873 deaths
Deaths from pneumonia
Presidents of Ecuador
People from Guayaquil
Vice Presidents of Ecuador
Pedro José de Arteta

Pedro José de Arteta y Calisto (1797 – 24 August 1873) was Vice President of Ecuador from 1865 to 1869 and served briefly as President from 6 November 1867 to 20 January 1868. He was the brother of Nicolás Joaquín de Arteta y Calisto, first Archbishop of Quito. He was a Conservative.

Arteta was born in 1787 in Quito, Ecuador. He died from a heart attack in his home in Quito, Ecuador, aged 66.

References

1797 births
1873 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Presidents of Ecuador
People from Quito
Vice Presidents of Ecuador
Television movie

A television movie (also called a  TV film, television film, TV movie, telefilm, telemovie, made-for-television film, direct-to-TV film, movie of the week, feature-length drama, single drama, or original movie) is a movie that is made for and first shown on a television network. Unlike theatrical movies, which are first seen in movie theaters, television movies are first seen on television. Some are first shown on television in one country, and in theaters in other countries. 

One of the most well-known television movies is The Day After, which was seen by over 100 million people when it was first shown on ABC on November 20, 1983.

References
Juan Javier Espinosa

Juan Javier Espinosa (1815 – 4 September 1870) was President of Ecuador, from 20 January 1868 to 19 January 1869. He succeed Pedro José de Arteta as President of Ecuador. Gabriel García Moreno would soon succeed Espinosa as President. 

Espinosa died on 4 September 1870 in Quito, Ecuador from a heart attack, aged 55.

Other websites
 Official Website of the Ecuadorian Government about the country President's History

1815 births
1870 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Disease-related deaths in Ecuador
People from Quito
Presidents of Ecuador
The Day After

The Day After is an American television movie. It was first shown on ABC on November 20, 1983. Over 100 million people watched the movie when it was first shown. When it was first shown, it caused a lot of controversy and discussion due to what it was about and what it showed.

The movie is about a fictional nuclear war between the United States and the Soviet Union. It follows several citizens and the people they see after a nuclear attack on Lawrence, Kansas and Kansas City, Missouri.

References

Other websites
 

English-language movies
1983 movies
Television movies
Disaster movies
American television movies
American science fiction movies
Apocalyptic movies
Francisco León Franco

Francisco Javier León Franco (13 October 1832 – 10 August 1880) was Vice President of Ecuador in the administration of Gabriel García Moreno from 1869 to 1875, and acting President of Ecuador 6 August 1875 to 6 October 1875.

Other websites
 Official Website of the Ecuadorian Government about the country President's History

1832 births
1880 deaths
Presidents of Ecuador
People from Quito
Vice Presidents of Ecuador
José Javier Eguiguren

José Javier Eguiguren Ríofrío (3 December 1816 – 1884) was acting President of Ecuador from 6 October 1875 to 9 December 1875.

Eguiguren was born in 3 December 1816 in Ibarra, Ecuador. He died in 1884 in Quito, Ecuador.

Other websites
 Official Website of the Ecuadorian Government about the country President's History

1816 births
1884 deaths
Presidents of Ecuador
Antonio Borrero

Antonio María Vicente Narciso Borrero y Cortázar (29 October 1827 – 9 October 1911) was Vice President of Ecuador from 1863 to 1864 and President from 9 December 1875 to 18 December 1876.

Borrero was born in Cuenca, Ecuador on 29 October 1827. He died on 9 October 1911 in Quito, Ecuador from natural causes, aged 83.

Other websites
 Official Website of the Ecuadorian Government about the country President's History

1827 births
1911 deaths
Deaths from natural causes
Presidents of Ecuador
Vice Presidents of Ecuador
Ignacio de Veintemilla

Mario Ignacio Francisco Tomás Antonio de Veintimilla y Villacís (31 July 1828 – 19 July 1908) was President of Ecuador 8 September 1876 to 10 January 1883.

Other websites
 Official Website of the Ecuadorian Government about the country President's History

1828 births
1908 deaths
Deaths from heart failure
Presidents of Ecuador
People from Quito
Osvaldo Hurtado

Luis Osvaldo Hurtado Larrea (born June 26, 1939) is an Ecuadorian author and politician. He served as President of Ecuador from 1981 to 1984.

Hurtado was born on June 26, 1939 in Chambo, Chimborazo Province, Ecuador. He was married to Margarita Pérez. Hurtado studied at Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador.

References

Other websites
 Short Curriculum at EcuadorOnline

1939 births
Living people
Presidents of Ecuador
Vice Presidents of Ecuador
Jaime Roldós Aguilera

Jaime Roldós Aguilera (November 5, 1940 – May 24, 1981) was President of Ecuador from 10 August 1979 until his death on 24 May 1981. In his short tenure, he became known for his firm stance on human rights. 

Roldós was born in Guayaquil on November 5, 1940. He attended high school at the Vicente Rocafuerte National School. He studied law and social sciences at the University of Guayaquil. He was an excellent student and won many awards, medals and scholarships.

At the age of 37, he ran for president on a populist platform. In the first round, he received the greatest number of votes, but not the 50% plus one needed to avoid a runoff. He won the second round of elections against Sixto Durán Ballén, and assumed office on August 10, 1979.

He was married to Martha Bucaram until his death in 1981. 

On May 24, 1981, a plane carrying the President, Minister of Defense, assistants and their spouses crashed into the Huairapungo Mountain, in Celica Canton of Loja Province. The crash left no survivors: killed along with the president were First Lady Martha Bucaram, Minister of Defense Marco Subía Martínez and his wife, as well as two aides-de-camp and three other passengers.

References

1940 births
1981 deaths
Aviation deaths
Presidents of Ecuador
People from Guayaquil
Guillermo Rodríguez (Politician)

Guillermo Rodríguez Lara (born November 4, 1924), known as "Bombita", was the military dictator of Ecuador from February 15, 1972 to January 11, 1976.

As commander of the army, he led a military coup d'état executed by a navy commander named Jorge Queirolo G. and forced president José María Velasco into exile, to Buenos Aires, Argentina.

During his rule, drilling the country's oil reserves funded the construction of hospitals, schools, roads (notably, paving the Quito-Tulcán road), the oil refinery at Esmeraldas, and equipment for the armed services. The military removed him from power in 1976.

Rodríguez was born on November 4, 1924 in Pujilí, Ecuador. He was married to Aída Judith León since 1953.

1924 births
Living people
Presidents of Ecuador
Otto Arosemena

Otto Arosemena Gómez (19 July 1925 – 20 April 1984) was President of Ecuador, November 16, 1966 to September 1, 1968.

His government, though short, greatly increased Ecuador's development and ensured the consolidation of democracy. In accordance with the law, he called presidential elections, and Velasco Ibarra won for his fifth and final time. Arosemena finished his term on August 31, 1968.

In 1965, when the country was facing one of its worst political, social, and economic crises—a result of dictatorial misrule—he founded a new political party in Quito called the Democratic Institutionalist Coalition (Coalición Institucionalista Demócrata, CID).

One year later, he was elected Deputy of the Constituent Assembly held by "President" Yerovi Indaburu. The Constituent Assembly elected Arosemena President of Ecuador on November 16, 1966.

Arosemena's political adversaries later attacked his policies, particularly with respect to oil policy. He responded by writing the book Infamy and Truth (Infamia y verdad), in which he addresses his administration's oil policy.

Arosemena was born on 19 July 1925 in Guayaquil, Ecuador. He studied at University of Guayaquil. Arosemena died on 20 April 1984 in Salinas, Ecuador from complications of a fall, aged 58.

1925 births
1984 deaths
Accidental deaths from falls
Presidents of Ecuador
People from Guayaquil
Clemente Yerovi

Clemente Yerovi Indaburu (August 10, 1904 – July 19, 1981) was a politician and the interim president of Ecuador from March 30, 1966, to November 16, 1966.

Yerovi was born in Barcelona, Spain, where his parents Clemente Yerovi Matheus and María Indaburu Seminario lived temporarily as consul general of Ecuador. 

Yerovi studied at Vicente Rocafuerte High School in Guayaquil, and then at San Gabriel High School in Quito. He married Victoria Gómez Ycaza and had four children. Yerovi died on July 19, 1981 in Guayaquil, Ecuador from heart failure, aged 76.

Between 1948 and 1950, Yerovi served as Minister of Economy in the government of President Galo Plaza Lasso, who, after an extended era of political instability in the country, made it a priority to increase Ecuador’s agricultural production.

References 

1904 births
1981 deaths
Deaths from heart failure
Politicians from Barcelona
Presidents of Ecuador
Carlos Julio Arosemena Monroy

Carlos Julio Arosemena Monroy (24 August 1919 – 5 March 2004) served as Vice President of Ecuador and due to the ousting of President José María Velasco Ibarra, became President of Ecuador from 7 November 1961 to 11 July 1963.

He was born in Guayaquill on 24 August 1919. He was the son Carlos Julio Arosemena Tola, also former president of Ecuador and Laura Monroy Garaycoa.

Arosemena disgraced himself by getting drunk at a banquet Wednesday night in honor of the president of the Grace Lines, retired U.S. Adm. Wilfred McNeil. Guests at the reception said the president shouted abuse at U.S. Ambassador Maurice Bernbaum, vomited in front of the gathering and committed 'even more indecorous acts.

Arosemena died on 5 March 2004 from natural causes, aged Guayaquil, Ecuador.

References

1919 births
2004 deaths
Deaths from natural causes
Presidents of Ecuador
People from Guayaquil
Vice Presidents of Ecuador
Camilo Ponce Enríquez

Camilo Ponce Enríquez (January 31, 1912 – September 13, 1976) was an Ecuadorian political figure. He served as the president of Ecuador between 1956 and 1960. He was married to María de las Mercedes de Gangotena Jijón.

In 1951 Camilo Ponce, along with Sixto Durán Ballén founded the Movimiento Social Cristiano (MSC), which later became the Partido Social Cristiano (PSC). In 1956 Ponce won the presidential elections and named Durán Ballén minister of public works.

Other websites
 Official Website of the Ecuadorian Government about the country's Presidents in History

1912 births
1976 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Presidents of Ecuador
People from Quito
Carlos Julio Arosemena Tola

Carlos Julio Arosemena Tola (12 April 1888 – 20 February 1952) was President of Ecuador 15 September 1947 to 1 September 1948. He was also the father of future president Carlos Julio Arosemena Monroy.

Tola was born on 12 April 1888 in Guayaquil, Ecuador. He died from a stroke he had several months before on 20 February 1952 in Quito, Ecuador, aged 63.

1888 births
1952 deaths
Deaths from stroke
Presidents of Ecuador
People from Guayaquil
Mariano Suárez Veintimilla

Mariano Suárez Veintimilla (8 June 1897 – 23 October 1980) was Ecuadorian politician.

He served as Velasco's Vice President from 1946 until he was ousted in 1947 by Carlos Mancheno Cajas. Soon Mancheno was ousted and Suárez served briefly as President of Ecuador from 2 September 1947 to 15 September 1947.

Veintimilla died on 23 October 1980 in Quito, Ecuador from natural causes, aged 83.

1887 births
1980 deaths
Deaths from natural causes
Presidents of Ecuador
People from Quito
Carlos Mancheno Cajas

Carlos Mancheno Cajas (October 9, 1902 – October 11, 1996) was President of Ecuador from 23 August 1947 to 2 September 1947.  

Mancheno assumed control after a coup d'état he led deposed President José María Velasco.  Velasco left the country, returning later both to Ecuador and the to presidency.  Mancheno himself was removed only ten days after taking control, and Velasco's vice-president, Mariano Suárez Veintimilla, assumed the presidency.

Mancheno died on October 11, 1996 in Guayaquil, Ecuador from natural causes, aged 94.

Other websites
 Official Website of the Ecuadorian Government about the country President's History
http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Ecuador.html

1902 births
1996 deaths
Deaths from natural causes
Presidents of Ecuador
Division of Calare

The Division of Calare is an Australian Electoral Division in New South Wales. It was set up for the 1906 election and is the local Indigenous Australian name for the Lachlan River, which runs through the western part of the division. (The name should be pronounced Kal-ah-ree, but the pronunciation Kul-air is used.)

The division includes the towns of Bathurst, Blayney, Canowindra, Eugowra, Forbes, Lithgow, Molong, Oberon, Orange, Parkes, Peak Hill, Portland, Wallerawang and Yeoval.

Members

Peter Andren was not a candidate for the 2007 election as he was going to stand for a Senate seat. He was diagnosed with cancer in 2007 and died during the election campaign. John Cobb had previously held the seat of Parkes. He was Minister for Citizenship and Multicultural Affairs and Minister for Community Services in the Howard Government.

Election results
 2004 election results
 2007 election results
 2010 election results
 2013 election results

References

Other websites
 Division of Calare - Australian Electoral Commission
 John Cobb's website 

Electoral divisions of Australia
New South Wales
1906 establishments in Australia
Division of Charlton

The Division of Charlton was an Australian Electoral Division in New South Wales. It was created in 1984 and was named for Matthew Charlton, leader of the Australian Labor Party 1922-28. It covered the Hunter Region area of New South Wales. It included the towns of Cardiff, Wallsend, Toronto, Morisset, Cooranbong, Glendale and Warners Bay.

In October 2015 the Australian Electoral Commission said the division would be renamed at the next election. Because of population changes New South Wales lost one division, and a new one was created in Western Australia. To abolish the seat, the boundaries in New South Wales were redrawn. The old Division of Hunter was to be abolished. Since Hunter is an original Federation electorate, the Australian Electoral Commission's guidelines for redistributions means it has to try and keep the Hunter name. The area of Hunter was moved eastward and took over Charlton's former area.

Members

Greg Combet had been Secretary of the Australian Council of Trade Unions (ACTU). He was Minister for Climate Change and Energy Efficiency in the Gillard Government. In the 2013 election, the Liberal Party candidate, Kevin Baker, resigned after being involved with an offensive website. This happened after nominations closed, so the Liberal Party could not select a new candidate and Baker's name was still on the ballot papers.

Election results
 2004 election results
 2007 election results
 2010 election results
 2013 election results

References

Other websites
 Division of Charlton - Australian Electoral Commission
 Pat Conroy's website

Former electoral divisions of Australia
New South Wales
1984 establishments in Australia
Mongolian Wikipedia

Mongolian Wikipedia () is a free and publicly editable online encyclopedia. It was created 28 February 2004. As of 13 May 2012 the Mongolian Wikipedia contained 7,599 articles. As of August 2011, there were about 104 people, with 17,763 registered users.

Growth, coverage and popularity 
 17 November 2011 – 6900 articles
 29 May 2012 – 7593 articles
 29 May 2012 – 273,497 edits

References

Other websites 
 Mongolian Wikipedia
 Wikipedia Statistics Mongolian — Монгол Википедиатай холбоотой бүх статистик мэдээлэл

Wikipedias
Websites established in 2004
Harmonic analysis

Harmonic analysis is a branch of mathematics that looks at the theoretical foundations of digital signal processing. A continuous signal can be drawn as a wave, or as a combination of several waves. Fourier transforms and Fourier series are among the main tools used for signal analysis. Today, this field has many uses, which also include quantum mechanics and neuroscience. 

In essence, harmonic analysis looks at locally compact groups. The Lebesgue measure is a way to assign a measurement to a subset of the Euclidean space. For real numbers there is the Haar measure, which can perform this task. This measure allows to use Fourier analysis to model the groups and their properties. 

The term harmonics is also related to Eigenvalues, in the case where the frequency of one wave is an integer multiple of the frequency of another wave. This is the case of the harmonics that are used for musical notes. Later the term was generalized.

Digital signal processing
Mathematical analysis
Frank Kameny

Franklin Edward "Frank" Kameny (May 21, 1925 – October 11, 2011) was an important person in the American gay rights movement.

Early life
Kameny was born on May 21, 1925 in New York City, New York. He studied at Richmond Hill High School and at Queens College.

1957 incident
In 1957, Kameny was fired from his position as an astronomer in the U.S. Army's Army Map Service in Washington, D.C. because of his homosexuality. This helped him to begin "a Herculean struggle with the American establishment" that would help a rights movement of the early 1960s for homosexuals.

Kameny protested his firing by the U.S. Civil Service Commission due to his homosexuality, and argued this case to the United States Supreme Court in 1961. Although the court denied his petition, it is notable as the first civil rights claim based on sexual orientation.

Death
Kameny died on October 11, 2011 in Washington, D.C. from heart disease. He was 86 years old.

Legacy
Following Kameny's death, the giant rainbow flag on the tall flagpole at the corner of Market Street and Castro Street in the Castro neighborhood of San Francisco was flown at half-staff for 24 hours beginning on the afternoon of October 12, 2011 at the request of the creator of the rainbow flag, Gilbert Baker.

On November 2, 2011, Kameny's house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

On July 3 2012, Minor Planet (40463) Frankkameny was named in Kameny's honor by the International Astronomical Union and the Minor Planet Center.

Related pages
 Jack Nichols (activist)

References

Other websites

Frank Kameny  GLBTQ, an Encyclopedia of Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual and Queer Culture
Kameny Papers collection Smithsonian Institution
The Kameny Pages
Biography of Kameny

1925 births
2011 deaths
American LGBT rights activists
Cardiovascular disease deaths in the United States
Gay men
LGBT people from New York
People from New York City
Carlos Alberto Arroyo del Río

Carlos Alberto Arroyo del Río (27 November 1893 – 31 October 1969) was President of Ecuador from 1940 - 1944. He was a member of the Ecuadorian Radical Liberal Party. During his term, the country lost the 1941 Ecuadorian–Peruvian War. After trying to set up a police state, he was forced out of office by a popular uprising.

Other websites
 Official Website of the Ecuadorian Government about the country President's History

1893 births
1969 deaths
Deaths from pneumonia
Presidents of Ecuador
People from Guayaquil
Julio Enrique Moreno

Julio Enrique Moreno (1879–1952) was Acting President of Ecuador from March to April 1926 and again from August to September 1940. He was succeed by Carlos Alberto Arroyo del Río.

Other websites
 Official Website about President's History of the Ecuadorian Government

1879 births
1952 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Presidents of Ecuador
Andrés Córdova

Andrés Fernández de Córdova Nieto (28 May 1892 – 3 October 1983) was President of Ecuador from December 1939 to August 1940. He later ran as a presidential candidate in 1968.

References
Ben Cahoon. Ecuador WorldStatesman.org
Rulers.org

1892 births
1983 deaths
Deaths from natural causes
Presidents of Ecuador
People from Quito
Aurelio Mosquera

Don Aurelio Mosquera Narváez (2 August 1883 – 17 November 1939) was an Ecuadorian politician, who was the President of Ecuador from December 1938 to November 1939.

Mosquera was born in Quito. He studied medicine in Quito, then went to Paris to carry in with his education.

In 1938, after the removal of Manuel María Borrero, he was named President of Ecuador. During his short time as president, with the support of the army, he dissolved the National Assembly and reestablished the Constitution of 1906, known for its secularity.

His term as president ended when he died on November 17, 1939 in Quito from a heart attack, aged 56.

Other websites
 Official Website of the Ecuadorian Government about the country President's History

1883 births
1939 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Presidents of Ecuador
People from Quito
Manuel María Borrero

Manuel María Borrero (10 May 1883 – 7 June 1975) was President of Ecuador from August 10, 1938 through December 1, 1938.

Other websites
 Official Website of the Ecuadorian Government about the country President's History

1883 births
1975 deaths
Deaths from natural causes
Presidents of Ecuador
Alberto Enríquez Gallo

Gil Alberto Enríquez Gallo (24 July 1895 – 13 July 1962) was President of Ecuador 1937–1938.

Enriquez was a general in the Ecuadorian army and served as Minister of National Defense in the government of Federico Páez.  In September 1937, he overthrew Páez in a military coup.  Although he ruled for less than a year, Enríquez achieved note as a social reformer by his promulgation of the Labor Code of 1938.

Other websites
  President's History

1895 births
1962 deaths
Deaths from stroke
Presidents of Ecuador
People from Quito
Federico Páez

Federico Páez Chiriboga (4 June 1877 – 9 February 1974) was President of Ecuador from September 26, 1935 through October 23, 1937.

He died on 9 February 1974 in Quito, Ecuador from natural causes. He was 96 years old.

References

1876 births
1974 deaths
Deaths from natural causes
Presidents of Ecuador
People from Quito
Antonio Pons

Antonio Pons Campuzano (November 10, 1897 – January 1980) was acting President of Ecuador from August to September 1935.

Pons died in January 1980 from pneumonia, aged 82.

Other websites
 Official Website of the Ecuadorian Government about the country President's History

1897 births
1980 deaths
Deaths from pneumonia
Presidents of Ecuador
People from Quito
Abelardo Montalvo

Abelardo Montalvo (1876 – 1950) was the acting President of Ecuador from October 1933 to August 1934.

Montalvo received a Juris Doctor from the University of Quito. Montalvo was a member of the Ecuadorian Radical Liberal Party for which he became a deputy and later senator for Pichincha Province.

Montalvo became president when his predecessor Juan de Dios Martínez Mera was elected president but faced a congress not willing to deal with him. The congress asked Martínez Mera twice to resign, but he refused. The congress then censored the ministers chosen by Martínez Mera, one of which was Abelardo Montalvo. Martínez proceeded to select some new ministers to outmaneuver the congress.

The Chamber of Deputies then accused Martínez Mera of attempting to overthrow the government and institute a dictatorship. The Senate subsequently impeached Martínez and named his Minister of Interior, Abelardo Montalvo, acting president. Montalvo stayed on as acting president until José María Velasco Ibarra was elected.

References

1876 births
1950 deaths
Deaths from heart failure
Presidents of Ecuador
Juan de Dios Martínez

Juan de Dios Martínez Mera (9 March 1875 – 27 October 1955) was President of Ecuador from 1932 to 1933.

In Quito, a main avenue is named after him.

Other websites
 Biography of President Juan de Dios Martínez Mera 
 Enciclopedia del Ecuador por Efrén Avilés Pino

1875 births
1955 deaths
Presidents of Ecuador
People from Guayaquil
Alberto Guerrero Martínez

Alberto Guerrero Martínez (28 June 1884 – 21 May 1941) was acting President of Ecuador in 1932.

Other websites
 Encyclopedia of Ecuador  

1878 births
1941 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Presidents of Ecuador
People from Quito
Carlos Freile Larrea

Carlos Freile Larrea (1876 – 23 April 1942) was acting President of Ecuador from 27 August 1932 to 2 September 1932.

References

Other websites
 Official Website of the Ecuadorian Government about the country President's History

1876 births
1942 deaths
Deaths from stroke
Disease-related deaths in Ecuador
People from Quito
Presidents of Ecuador
Alfredo Baquerizo

Alfredo Baquerizo Moreno (28 September 1859, in Guayaquil – 20 March 1951) was an Ecuadorian politician. He served as Vice President of Ecuador of Leónidas Plaza and Lizardo García from 1903 to 1906 and as President of Ecuador three times in August - September 1912, September 1916 – August 1920 and October 1931 - August 1932. He was a member of the Ecuadorian Radical Liberal Party.

Other websites
 Official Website of the Ecuadorian Government about the country President's History

1859 births
1951 deaths
Deaths from natural causes
Presidents of Ecuador
People from Guayaquil
Vice Presidents of Ecuador
Luis Larrea Alba

Luis Alberto Larrea Alba (25 October 1894 – 17 April 1979) was a military officer and acting President of Ecuador in from 24 August to 15 October 1931.

References

Other websites
 Official Website of the Ecuadorian Government about the country President's History

1894 births
1979 deaths
Deaths from pneumonia
Presidents of Ecuador
People from Guayaquil
Isidro Ayora

Isidro Ayora Cueva (August 31, 1879 – March 22, 1978) was an Ecuadorian political figure. He was the President of Ecuador from 1926 to 1931. Isidro Ayora, a town in Guayas, and Puerto Ayora, are named after him. Some people name coins ayora because this were introduced by him.

Other websites
 Ecuador online - Dr. Isidro Ayora Cueva 
 Pérez Pimentel, Rodolfo – Diccionario Enciclopédico de Ecuador - Isidro Ayora Cueva  
 Biografías y vidas - Isidro Ayora

References

1879 births
1978 deaths
Deaths from natural causes
Presidents of Ecuador
People from Guayaquil
Gonzalo Córdova

Gonzalo Segundo Córdova y Rivera (July 15, 1863 – April 13, 1928) was President of Ecuador from 1924-1925. Like his immediate predecessors in the Liberal Party, he was considered to be a pawn of "La Argolla"  ring"), a plutocracy of coastal agricultural and banking interests whose linchpin was the Commercial and Agricultural Bank of Guayaquil led by Francisco Urbina Jado.

Other websites
 Library of Congress country studies, Ecuador
 List of leaders of Ecuador at worldstatesmen.org

1863 births
1928 deaths
Presidents of Ecuador
People from Quito
José Luis Tamayo

José Luis Tamayo Terán (29 July 1858 – 7 July 1947) was President of Ecuador from 1 September 1920 to 31 August 1924. He was a member of the Ecuadorian Radical Liberal Party.

Other websites
Presidentes del Ecuador 
Diccionario biográfico de Ecuador  
Biografías y Vidas 

1858 births
1947 deaths
Deaths from pneumonia
Presidents of Ecuador
Fulk IV, Count of Anjou

Fulk IV (1043–1109), called le Réchin, was a French nobleman who was the Count of Anjou from 1068 until he was deposed in 1096. He rebelled against his older brother Geoffrey III and took the countship of Anjou by force.

Early career 

Fulk, born 1043, was the younger son of Geoffrey II, Count of Gâtinais and Ermengarde-Blanche of Anjou. Ermengarde-Blanche was a daughter of Fulk Nerra, count of Anjou, When Geoffrey Martel died without direct heirs he left Anjou to his nephew Geoffrey III, Fulk le Réchin's older brother. Geoffrey III was not an effective count. In 1062 Geoffrey failed to defend Saintonge and it was lost. In 1063 the county of Maine was lost to Anjou.  In 1065 Geoffrey angered Archbishop Barthelemy of Tours and was excommunicated.

Count of Anjou 

Fulk had enough and took the countship of Anjou by force. He fought with his brother and captured him in 1067. Under pressure from the Church he released Geoffrey. The two brothers started fighting again. This time Geoffrey was imprisoned for the rest of his life. Substantial territory was lost to Angevin control because of Geoffrey's poor rule and the civil war that followed. Fulk was forced to give the Gâtinais to Philip I of France the king. Fulk spent the rest of his reign as count trying to regain control of his barons and all the lost lands. He also struggled with Normandy trying to regain control in Maine and Brittany.

Author of the History of Anjou

In 1096 Fulk wrote a history of Anjou and its rulers titled Fragmentum historiae Andegavensis or "History of Anjou."  Only the first part of the history still exists. It describes Fulk's ancestry. The second part was thought to cover Fulk's own rule. This part has not been found. If he did write it, it is one of the first medieval works of history written by a layman.

Family 

Fulk appears to have been married as many as five times.

His first wife was Hildegarde of Beaugency. Together they had a daughter:

 Ermengarde, who married firstly William IX, count of Poitou and duke of Aquitaine. She married secondly Alan IV, Duke of Brittany.

Fulk then married Ermengarde of Bourbon in 1070. Together they had a son:

 Geoffrey IV "Martel", Count of Anjou. He ruled jointly with his father for some time, but died in 1106. 

 he married Orengarde de Châtellailon.
 
He next married an unnamed daughter of Walter I of Brienne. This marriage also ended in divorce, in 1087. they had no children.  

In 1089 he married Bertrade de Montfort. They had a son: 

 Fulk V "le June", Count of Anjou and King of Jerusalem.

Notes

References

1040s births
1090s deaths
Counts of Anjou
Leónidas Plaza

Leónidas Plaza Gutiérrez (April 19, 1865 – November 17, 1932) was president of Ecuador for two separate occasions: From September 1, 1901 to August 31, 1905 and from September 1, 1912 to August 31, 1916.

He was the son of José Buenaventura Plaza, a school teacher and, Alegría Gutiérrez de Caviedes Sevillano,  an attractive tall woman with arostocratic features and exquisite social manners of Colombian descent. He married María Avelina Lasso Ascázubi, with whom he had eight children. One of them, Galo Plaza, was also president of Ecuador.

Other websites
 Rodolfo Pérez Pimentel, Diccionario biográfico del Ecuador, Guayaquil, 1987. Sin ISBN. 

1865 births
1932 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Presidents of Ecuador
Francisco Andrade Marín

Francisco Higinio Andrade Marín y Rivadeneira (November 15, 1841 – September 6, 1935 ) was acting President of Ecuador from March 6 to August 10, 1912.

References

Other websites
  List of presidents of Ecuador, worldstatesmen.org
 Official Website of the Ecuadorian Government about the country President's History

1841 births
1935 deaths
Deaths from pneumonia
Presidents of Ecuador
People from Guayaquil
Carlos Freile Zaldumbide

Carlos Freile Zaldumbide (May 18, 1851 – August 28, 1928) was an Ecuadorian politician, who served twice as acting President of Ecuador and one term as Vice President of Ecuador.

A wealthy landowner that pioneered Holstein livestock raising in Ecuador.

He was the acting President from 12 August 1911 to 1 September 1911 (a reign lasting just 21 days).  He took the role on a temporary basis when Eloy Alfaro, who had been President for over 4 years, was overthrown and went to exile. Freile was replaced by the already elected President Emilio Estrada, whose mandate lasted just three months before his death on 21 December 1911.

Carlos Freile then served once again as acting president, this time from 22 December 1911 to 6 March 1912.  He was again acting president during a crisis and was succeeded by Francisco Andrade Marín.

Other websites
 Official Website of the Ecuadorian Government about the country President's History

1851 births
1928 deaths
Deaths from heart failure
Presidents of Ecuador
Emilio Estrada

Emilio Estrada Carmona (May 28, 1855 – December 21, 1911) was President of Ecuador September 1 through December 21, 1911. 

He died in office from complications of heart failure on December 21, 1911 in Quito, Ecuador, aged 56.

Other websites
 Emilio Estrada C.  at estrada.bz
  Enciclopedia del Ecuador por Efrén Avilés Pino 

1855 births
1911 deaths
Deaths from heart failure
Presidents of Ecuador
Lizardo García

Lizardo García Sorroza (26 April 1844 – 29 May 1927) was President of Ecuador from 1 September 1905 to 15 January 1906.

Early life
García was born in Guayaquil. He founded the chamber of commerce of Guayaquil and was a member of the firefighters of his natal city.

Political career 
 1895 Minister for Economic Affairs
 Senator for the province Guayas
 Vicepresident of the Senate
 Councilman of Guayaquil

Presidency 
Garcia was president only for a few months. He was overthrown by the revolution led by Eloy Alfaro and was forced to leave the office.

Other websites
 Official Website of the Ecuadorian Government about the country President's History
 Cámara de Comercio Guayaquil

1844 births
1927 deaths
Deaths from natural causes
Firefighters
People from Guayaquil
Presidents of Ecuador
Vicente Lucio Salazar

Vicente Lucio Salazar (20 December 1832 – 14 February 1896) was President of Ecuador between 16 April 1895 and 1 September 1895.

He became Vice President in 1894, and became President when Luis Cordero left office.

Other websites
 Official Website of the Ecuadorian Government about the country President's History

1832 births
1896 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Presidents of Ecuador
People from Quito
Luis Cordero Crespo

Luis Benjamín Cordero y Crespo (6 April 1833 – 30 January 1912) was President of Ecuador 1 July 1892 to 16 April 1895. His parents were Gregorio Cordero and Josefa Crespo.
He was a member of the Progresistas, a liberal Catholic political party, and was a member of the provisional governing junta which led the Progresistas to power in 1883.

Luis Cordero wrote poems in Spanish and Kichwa and published the first Kichwa-Spanish-Kichwa dictionary in Ecuador.

Other websites
 Official Website of the Ecuadorian Government about the country President's History
¡Rinimi, Llacta! - Poems of Luis Cordero Crespo in Quichua, with Spanish translation 

1833 births
1912 deaths
Deaths from pneumonia
Presidents of Ecuador
Poets
Antonio Flores Jijón

Juan Antonio María Flores y Jijón de Vivanco (23 October 1833 – 30 August 1915) was President of Ecuador from 17 August 1888 to 30 June 1892. He was a member of the Progressive Party, a Liberal Catholic party.

Antonio Flores was born in Quito at Carondelet Palace (the presidential residence) while his father, General Juan José Flores was President of Ecuador. During the first presidency of Gabriel García Moreno, Flores was an ambassador in Paris, London, and Washington, D.C.. 

He died in Geneva, Switzerland from complications of pneumonia. He was married to Leonor Ruiz de Apodaca y García-Tienza, a native of Cuba. His vice-president and predecessor was Pedro José Cevallos.

Other websites
 Official Website of the Ecuadorian Government about the country President's History

1833 births
1915 deaths
Deaths from pneumonia
Presidents of Ecuador
People from Quito
Pedro José Cevallos

Pedro José Cevallos Salvador (1830–1892) was President of Ecuador from 1 July 1888 to 17 August 1888 and Vice President from 1886 to 1890. From April to August 1891 the presidency of Antonio Flores Jijón he was minister of Public Instruction, Interior Affairs and Foreign Affairs. Shortly before his death he became a member of the Ecuadoran Academy of Literature.

Other websites
 Official Website of the Ecuadorian Government about the country President's History

1830 births
1892 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Presidents of Ecuador
People from Quito
José Plácido Caamaño

José María Plácido Caamaño y Gómez-Cornejo (5 October 1837 – December 31, 1901) was President of Ecuador from 23 November 1883 to 1 July 1888.

Caamaño was born in Guayaquil. He studied law and theology in the seminary of his native city, and was educated in Quito. Subsequently he was mayor of Guayaquil, and chief of the custom-house service. He was a member of the Progresistas, a liberal Catholic party.

An attempt was made to assassinate him in 1886, and he narrowly escaped death by throwing himself into a river. Under his administration telegraphs, railways, an institute of sciences, several Colleges, and many new schools were added to the resources of Ecuador.

After his term ended, he served as ambassador to US from 1889 to 1890.
 
Caamaño died on December 31, 1901 from complications of a heart attack in Seville, Spain, aged 63.

Other websites
 Official Website of the Ecuadorian Government about the country President's History

1837 births
1901 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Presidents of Ecuador
Mayors of Guayaquil
The Angel's Command

The Angel's Command is a book written by Brian Jacques (writer of the popular children's series Redwall), and the sequel to Castaways of the Flying Dutchman. It follows the adventures of an immortal boy and his dog as they face pirates and other dangers from the high seas to the mountains.

The Castaways of the Flying Dutchman trilogy is based on the legend of the Flying Dutchman. It tells of how a young boy and his dog managed to escape what happened to the Flying Dutchman. They were given the ability to live forever, speak in any language, and talk to each other with their thoughts. Ben, the boy, and Ned, the dog, are sent to help those in need. 

In The Angel's Command, they have a lot of adventures, including meeting a French buccaneer and a girl named Karay who's a thief. The Angel's Command was followed by a sequel in 2006 called Voyage of Slaves.

Translations
Les Naufragés du Hollandais Volant, tome 2 : Le Pirate et la sorcière (French)

2003 books
Fantasy books
Roots (TV miniseries)

Roots is an American television miniseries based on Alex Haley's 1976 book Roots: The Saga of an American Family. It was first shown on ABC in 1977. It was shown over eight nights, from January 23 to January 30, 1977. It was followed by two sequels: Roots: The Next Generations, which was shown on ABC in 1979, and Roots: The Gift, a Christmas television movie which was shown on ABC in 1988. It got 37 Emmy Award nominations and won nine. It also won a Golden Globe and a Peabody Award.

The miniseries is about several generations of an African-American slave family. It shows their daily lives, where they are forced into labor, rape, and the sale and separation of their own family.

References

Other websites
 

1977 television series debuts
ABC network shows
Miniseries
Emmy Award winning programs
Golden Globe Award winners
Peabody Award winners
English-language television programs
Standing ovation

A standing ovation is a form of applause where members of a seated audience stand up while applauding after great performance. A standing ovation can also be done to remember someone who died or when someone did a good deed.

Standing ovations are also often given in a sporting game to reflect an outstanding individual performance.

References 

Non-verbal communication
Theater