cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
William Hjortsberg

William "Gatz" Hjortsberg (February 23, 1941 – April 22, 2017) was an American novelist and screenwriter. He was known for writing the screenplay of the movie Legend. His novel Falling Angel was the basis for the movie Angel Heart (1987).

Hjortsberg died on April 22, 2017 in Livingston, Montana from pancreatic cancer, aged 76.

References

Other websites
William Hjortsberg official website

Photograph of the author 

1941 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from pancreatic cancer
American novelists
American screenwriters
Writers from New York City
John Sparrow David Thompson

Sir John Sparrow David Thompson  (November 10, 1845 – December 12, 1894) was the 4th Prime Minister of Canada. He served from November 24, 1892 until his death from a heart attack on December 12, 1894.

Prime Ministers of Canada
1845 births
1894 deaths
Privy Councillors (Canada)
Canadian Queen's Counsel
Members of the House of Commons of Canada
Chriet Titulaer

Chriet Titulaer (May 9, 1943 – April 23, 2017) was a Dutch astronomer, former television presenter and popular science and technology writer. He lived in Houten, Utrecht province. He was born in Hout-Blerick, Venlo, Limburg province.

In 1983 Titulaer began his own television production company Chriet Titulaer Producties BV and did much work for Teleac and the TROS. He presented popular science programmes such as Wondere Wereld (Miraculous World) and television courses such as Moderne Sterrenkunde (Modern Astronomy) and Nederland en het Weer (The Netherlands and the Weather).

Titulaer made a remarkable appearance on Dutch television because of his beard and Limburgian accent.

References

Other websites

 Interview by Koen van Santvoord for the magazine Carp

1943 births
2017 deaths
Dutch astronomers
Dutch television presenters
People from Venlo
Writers from Limburg (Netherlands)
Michael Williams, Baron Williams of Baglan

Michael Charles Williams, Baron Williams of Baglan (11 June 1949 – 23 April 2017) was a British diplomat and crossbench life peer.

Lord Williams was the United Nations Special Coordinator for Lebanon. He was appointed by United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon in August 2008. 

Williams previously served as UN Special Coordinator for the Middle East Peace Process and the Secretary-General’s Special Adviser on the Situation in the Middle East, before his appointment as the UK Special Representative for the Middle East and Special Projects. Prior to that, he was the Director for the Asia and the Pacific Division in the Department of Political Affairs. 

From 1999 to 2005, Williams was the Special Adviser to two UK Foreign Secretaries, Robin Cook (1999–2001) and Jack Straw (2001–2005). 

Williams died in London on 23 April 2017, aged 67.

References

1949 births
2017 deaths
Disease-related deaths in London
Politicians from London
Agustín Edwards Eastman

Agustín Iván Edmundo Edwards Eastman (24 November 1927 – 24 April 2017) was a Chilean newspaper publisher. He was one of the richest people in Chile. He inherited his family's newspaper company El Mercurio SAP, which publishes Chile's leading national dailies El Mercurio and La Segunda. He was born in Paris.

Eastman has been described as a media baron, and was known for his right-wing views. Throughout his time as publisher, he has used El Mercurio SAP's newspapers to influence public opinion in Chile, and he supported the 1973 coup d'état to oust socialist President Salvador Allende.

According to the U.S. Senate's Church Committee, he was one of the main Chilean participants in the Central Intelligence Agency's Operation Mockingbird campaign to influence the media in Latin American countries.

Eastman died on 24 April 2017 in Graneros, Chile from respiratory failure at the age of 89.

References

Other websites

 Perfil  
 Agustín Edwards Eastman 
 Líos de familia: La oscura historia detrás del edificio de el Mercurio  

1927 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from respiratory failure
Disease-related deaths in Chile
Chilean writers
Publishers
Chilean businesspeople
Writers from Paris
Eskifjörður

Eskifjörður (also called Eskifjördur) is a town and port in eastern Iceland. In 2011, the town had a population of 1,043 people. The town has a large fishing industry.

Eskifjörður is part of the Fjarðabyggð municipality, and is in the Eastern Region.

A sculpture by Ragnar Kjartansson is located by the main road in Eskifjördur, honouring the mariners who drowned at sea.

Eskifjörður has many beautiful rare stone collections, with thousands of polished and original stones from all over the island.

References

Other websites 

 Visit Eskifjordur tourist guide 
 Visit Eskifjordur Facebook Fan page for tourist information around Eskifjordur 
 Facebook Fan page about everything in Eskifjörður 
 Eskifjörður page on Fjarðabyggð municipal website  
 Images of Eskifjörður on Flickr

Towns in Iceland
Spokane Native Americans

The Spokan or Spokane people are a Native American tribe. They live in the eastern part of present-day Washington state and parts of northern Idaho in the United States of America.

The current Spokane Indian Reservation is in northeastern Washington, centered at Wellpinit (Sčecuwe). The reservation is almost entirely in Stevens County. However, it also includes two small bits of land (totaling about ) in Lincoln County. This includes part of the Spokane River. In total, the reservation is about .

The city of Spokane, Washington (Sʎˈetkʷ) is named after the tribe. It grew along the Spokane River, within the historic ancestral land of the tribe, but not in the reservation.

References

 Clark, Ella. Indian Legends of the Pacific Northwest. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1953. Print.
 Fisher, Andrew H. "Dreamer Cult." Encyclopedia of American Indian History. Ed. Bruce E. Johansen and Barry M. Pritzker. Vol. 2. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 2008. 380-381. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 23 May 2016.
 Pritzker, Barry M. A Native American Encyclopedia: History, Culture, and Peoples. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000. .
 Pritzker, Barry M. "Spokanes." The Encyclopedia of North American Indian Wars, 1607-1890: A Political, Social, and Military History. Ed. Spencer C. Tucker, James Arnold, and Roberta Wiener. Vol. 2. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 2011. 752-753. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 23 May 2016.
Ruby, Robert H and Brown, John A. The Spokane Indians: Children of the Sun. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1970. Print.
Spokane Reservation, Washington  United States Census Bureau

Other websites
Spokane Tribe of Indians, official site
History and Culture, presented in the Website of the Wellpinit School District
Spokane Tribe of Indians Language Program

The Spokan Indians, by John Alan Ross, published 2011, , the definitive ethnography
 Spokane Salish Blog

Native American
Dante Parini

Dante Parini (Milan, 21 November 1890 – Milan, 11 April 1969) was an Italian painter and sculptor.

Biography 
Parini studied at Accademia di Brera under the guidance of masters such as Enrico Butti along with Giannino Castiglioni with whom she shared ideas and projects becoming her friend. Parini left for the front of World War II where he was decorated for heroic acts.

He was a sculptor of monuments to the fallen soldiers of world wars and burial monuments, following the example of his Butti master with great technical skill and personal style.

It is its fountain-monument made in 1924 in Piazza Gran Paradiso in Milano in memory of the fallen of Niguarda. Amongst others are the monuments to the fallen of Tarquinia, a work inspired by profound sentiment and suffering humanity, and the monument to the soldiers fallen into Induno Olona war.

Some of his works are in the Monumental Cemetery of Milan, in Sanctuary of San Felice (Parabiago), and in the cemetery of Sarzana. He made a marble bas-relief in the church of Santa Maria at the Maggiore Hospital at Ca 'Granda in Milan with a subject "The healings of Christ". Several of his works are preserved at the Ospedale di Niguarda, known as "the City of art". In 1882 Dante Parini took part in the second competition for the execution of the sculptures of Vittoriano "Altar of the Homeland" in Rome, but his project was not chosen.
Dante Parini also devoted himself to painting. During his long life he participated in several international exhibitions.
In 1924 he received the Diploma of Honorary Member of the Accademia di Brera.

He was the first mayor of Brusimpiano after the end of World War II.

Related pages
 List of Italian painters

References

More reading 

 Carlo E. Accetti, Il Libro italiano: rassegna bibliografica generale, Librerie Ulpiano, 1942
 Carlo E. Accetti, Biografia Dante Parini, Tipografia sociale, Monza, 1942
 Arduino Anselmi, Milano storica: nelle sue vie, nei suoi monumenti, Hoepli (casa editrice), 1933
 Giacomo C. Bascapè, La Raccolte d'arte dell'Ospedale Maggiore di Milano dal XV al XX secolo, Silvana Editoriale, 1956
 Alfonso Panzetta, Nuovo dizionario degli scultori italiani dell'Ottocento e del primo Novecento: da Antonio Canova ad Arturo Martini (Dante Parini), Volume 2, AdArte, 2003
 Vincenzo Vicario, Gli scultori italiani dal Neoclassicismo al Liberty: L-Z (Dante Parini), Volume 2, Pomerio, 1994

Other websites 
 Schede oggetti ed opere d'arte di Parini Dante, Ministero dei Beni Culturali, Istituto Centrale per il catalogo e la documentazione
 Bianca Maria Visconti di Parini Dante, Lombardia Beni Culturali 
 Monumento sepolcrale - Monumento Famiglia Pini-Defendini di Parini Dante, Lombardia Beni Culturali
 Ritratto di Bianca Maria Visconti di Parini Dante, Lombardia Beni Culturali
 Studio di ramo con foglie dal vero di Dante Parini, Società Operaia di Mutuo Soccorso di Viggiù, Lombardia Beni Culturali
  Raccolta d'arte Museo del Policlinico di Milano

1884 births
1971 deaths
Italian architects
Italian painters
Italian sculptors
People from Milan
Annie Jump Cannon

Annie Jump Cannon was an American astronomer. She was born on December 11, 1863 in Dover, Delaware and died on April 13, 1941 in Cambridge, Massachusetts.

Life 
Cannon and her mom looked at the stars when she was little. This is what got Cannon interested in stars. She loved the stars. Cannon was born in the US and lived there most of her life. She lived 78 years. Cannon observed and then classified about 400,000 stars. She also came up with the Harvard system. The Harvard system surveyed stars according to the color of light emission and temperature. Cannon was a great astronomer and gave us new information about the stars.

Jobs and studies  
Cannon had graduate studies in math, physics, and astronomy. She also received many awards such as the Henry Draper Gold Medal of the National Academy of Sciences, the Ellen Richards Award, and she was the first woman to ever receive the honorary doctorate of science at Oxford University. She also became part of the Harvard Astronomy staff. She discovered 300 variable stars, 5 novae stars, and 1 binary star while on the staff.

Hardships 
Cannon had many hardships. Cannon was a women scientist in a world of men. She had to advocate for herself. She was one of the first women in astronomy at her time. Cannon also faced the hardship of being deaf. Cannon didn’t have access to hearing aids. People had decided not to vote for her for awards despite her hard work and effort because she was deaf. Now many people admire her and wish to follow in her footsteps. Cannon struggled in a world of stereotypes and first times but she managed to succeed. Cannon was a highly renowned astronomer in her time with many awards.

References 

1863 births
1941 deaths
American astronomers
Harvard University
Scientists from Delaware
People from Dover, Delaware
Scaphocephaly

Scaphocephaly is a medical disorder. It describes a long narrow head that looks like an overturned boat. It is a type of cephalic disorder. 

Scaphocephaly is one type of skull synostosis, or joining of two bones. It can be corrected by surgery if the child is young enough.

Disorders
Eddie Meduza

Errol Leonard Norstedt (June 17, 1948 – January 17, 2002), better known by his stage name Eddie Meduza, was a Swedish musician working mainly in the rockabilly genre. His songs were about women, cars and alcohol, often associated with obscene lyrics. He went as far as to aim his views at the Swedish Government which garnered controversy over the years. Meduza died at the age of 53 after suffering a heart attack caused by alcohol poisoning. He is remembered for his explicit work but many of his songs were ironic-made and contained clever social commentary. Meduza is survived by wife and (now adult) children.

References

Other websites
 Official Web page 

Swedish musicians
1948 births
2002 deaths
Björn Afzelius

Björn Svante Afzelius (January 27, 1947 – February 16, 1999), was a Swedish musician and guitarist who's songs were about socialism, love and joy. He released his debut album in 1974 and his last album weeks before his death. He had throat pain after he had played acoustic trio. In autumn 1997, doctors identified lung cancer. He died of the disease one and a half year later at the age of 52.

References

 

1947 births
1999 deaths
Swedish musicians
Deaths from lung cancer
Kathleen Crowley

Betty Jane "Kathleen" Crowley (December 26, 1929 – April 23, 2017) was an American actress. She was born in Green Bank, New Jersey. She starred in a number of TV shows and movies throughout the 1950s and 1960s, ending her career in 1970. She was known for her multiple small roles in the TV series Maverick.

Crowley died on April 23, 2017 at her home in Green Bank, New Jersey, aged 87.

References

Other websites

 
 

1929 births
2017 deaths
American movie actors
American television actors
Actors from New Jersey
Benjamin Barber

Benjamin R. Barber (August 2, 1939 – April 24, 2017) was an American political theorist and author. He was best known for his 1995 bestseller, Jihad vs. McWorld, and for 2013's If Mayors Ruled the World.

Barber died on April 24, 2017 in New York City after a four-month battle with pancreatic cancer, aged 77.

References

Other websites
 CivWorld
 
 The Interdependence Movement 
 A Conversation on American Political Culture with Benjamin Barber
  Barber discusses his book Consumed: How markets corrupt.... Audio on Media Matters April 15, 2007 UIUC.EDU
 Benjamin Barber's blog on the Huffington Post
 Benjamin Barber on Twitter
 Interview with Benjamin R. Barber by JK Fowler for The Mantle March 19, 2011 

1939 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from pancreatic cancer
Cancer deaths in New York City
American philosophers
American political writers
Educators from New York City
Writers from New York City
Ken Sears

Kenneth Robert "Ken" Sears (August 17, 1933 – April 23, 2017) was an American professional basketball player. He holds the title of being the first basketball player to be on the cover of Sports Illustrated magazine, appearing on the December 20, 1954 issue.

Sears played eight seasons (1955–1961, 1962–1964) in the National Basketball Association as a member of the New York Knicks and San Francisco Warriors. He averaged 13.9 points per game and 7.8 rebounds per game in his NBA career, appearing as an NBA All-Star in 1958 and 1959. Sears spent the 1961–62 basketball season in the short-lived American Basketball League.

Sears died on April 23, 2017, at his home in Watsonville, California, aged 83.

References

1933 births
2017 deaths
New York Knicks players
Golden State Warriors players
Sportspeople from California
Munyua Waiyaki

Dr. Fredrick Lawrence Munyua Waiyaki (12 December 1926 – 25 April 2017) was a Kenyan politician. He  was a minister for Agriculture, Minister of Foreign Affairs and a former member of parliament for the Kasarani Constituency. He was born in Nairobi, Kenya. In 1963, he was appointed Parliamentary secretary 

In the 1960s. he was offered a job by the Kenyan government to work as a medical doctor a position he served for less than a year since he retired and decided against to set up his own clinic in Kenya. At the same time, he started becoming active in politics since he served as the District chairman for Kenya African National Union (KANU) for the period of 1960-1968.

In 1962 he challenged Tom Mboya for the Nairobi East parliament seat but he lost by 2668 votes to 31407. He entered into parliament for the first time in May 1963 as a member of parliament for North Eastern Nairobi (now Kasarani) and he also became the permanent secretary for the ministry of health and housing.

Waiyaki died on 25 April 2017 at a hospital in Nairobi from pneumonia, aged 90.

References

Other websites
 Munyua Waiyaki — Munzinger Biographie

1925 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from pneumonia
Kenyan politicians
Civil servants
Sasha Lakovic

Sasha "The Basha, Pitbull" Lakovic (Serbian: Саша Лаковић / Saša Laković; September 7, 1971 – April 25, 2017) was a Canadian professional ice hockey player. He played for 17 different professional teams during his career, but mostly known for playing with the New Jersey Devils.  Lakovic also played for four roller hockey teams in the mid-1990s.

Lakovic attempted to start a career in acting, landing a small role as Russian ice hockey player Boris Mikhailov in the 2004 Walt Disney movie Miracle.

Lakovic was diagnosed with brain cancer in October 2016. He died from the disease on April 25, 2017 in Vancouver, aged 45.

References

Other websites

1971 births
2017 deaths
Actors from British Columbia
American Hockey League players
Deaths from brain cancer
Calgary Flames players
Canadian ice hockey right wingers
Canadian movie actors
Colonial Hockey League players
ECHL players
International Hockey League (1945–2001) players
New Jersey Devils players
Sportspeople from British Columbia
Brokpa tribe

Brokpa is a tribe in a remote area of Gilgit-Baltistan in Pakistan.

This tribe is described by many great historians, including Strabo, Herodotus and others.

History
Historically these people are known as Minaro people. They lived from the 1st century BC in Deosai region. In the 19th century BC they migrated to the rest of Ladakh region.

Gilgit-Baltistan
Pakistani tribes
Grimisuat

Grimisuat is a municipality of the district Sion in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.

Villages
Grimisuat, Champlan, Les Fermes, les Places, Coméraz and Saint-Raphaël.

References

Other websites

 Official Website 
 

Municipalities of Valais
Salins, Switzerland

Salins is a former municipality of the district of Sion in the canton of Valais in Switzerland. 

On 1 January 2013 the former municipality of Salins merged into the municipality of Sion.

References

Other websites 
 

Former municipalities of Valais
Sion, Switzerland
Savièse

Savièse is a municipality in the Sion in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.

Villages
Chandolin, Drône, Granois, La Muraz, Mayens-de-la-Zour, Ormône, Roumaz and Saint-Germain.

References

Other websites

Official website of Savièse 

Municipalities of Valais
Balad

Balad, Hebrew: בל״ד , a Hebrew acronym of Brit Le'umit Demokratit, Hebrew: ברית לאומית דמוקרטית ,<br/ >
the Arab version: at-Tajamuʿ al-Waṭanī ad-Dīmūqraṭī, Arab: التجمع الوطني الديمقراطي ,<br/ >
(the Arab version is shortened to Tajammua, Arabic: بلد , meaning Country / Nation),<br/ > 
both meaning National Democratic Assembly, is an Israeli political party.  

Its ideology is social democratic, Arab nationalist, pan-Arabic, secular, and anti-Zionist.

Political leader is Sami Abu Shehadeh.

Balad was founded in 1995.

Number of seats in the 24th Knesset: 1 (-2).<br/ >
Balad is cooperating with Hadash and Ta'al as HaReshima HaMeshutefet (Hebrew) or al-Qa'imah al-Mushtarakah (Arab) (both meaning The Joint List). Together they have 6 seats.

Other websites 
 

1995 establishments
Nationalist organizations
Social democratic parties
Political parties in Israel
1990s establishments in Israel
Jona Lewie

Jona Lewie (born John Lewis, 14 March 1947 in Southampton, England) is an English singer-songwriter and multi-instrumentalist. He is best known for his 1980 UK hits "You'll Always Find Me in the Kitchen at Parties" and "Stop the Cavalry".

Career
In 1969, as a singer/songwriter, he made compositions and recordings for the compilation album I Asked For Water She Gave Me ... Gasoline on the Liberty/UA label. Other compositions in 1969 were for the album These Blues is Meant to Be Barrel Housed on the Yazoo/Blue Goose label in New York, still as a solo artist known as John Lewis.

Albums
Alias Jona Lewie (1975)
On the Other Hand There's a Fist (1978)
Gatecrasher (compilation of singles for Sonet, 1980)
Heart Skips Beat (1982)
Optimistic (1993)
Ukephoric: The London Ukulele Festival 2009 (2010)

References

Other websites
Official site
Greatest Hits 
The Top 10 Christmas Songs of The Last Decade 
Bestiff.co.uk 
Reference to his song being No 2 on Australian Charts in 1981

1947 births
Living people
English singer-songwriters
English pop singers
English pop musicians
English rock singers
English rock guitarists
Blues guitarists
Keyboardists
Veysonnaz

Veysonnaz is a municipality in the district of Sion in the Swiss canton of Valais.

References

Other websites

 Official Website 

Municipalities of Valais
Baltschieder

Baltschieder is a municipality of the district of Visp in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

 Official website of Baltschieder 
 

Municipalities of Valais
Embd

Embd is a municipality of the district Visp in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

 Official website 

Municipalities of Valais
Grächen

Grächen is a municipality of the district of Visp in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.

It is at an elevation of  on a terrace above St. Niklaus in the Mattertal, north of the Mischabel range (and Dom).

Gallery

References

Other websites

 Official website of the municipality of Grächen 
 information. 
 

Municipalities of Valais
Lalden

Lalden (Walliser German: Lalu) is a municipality in Visp in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.

References

Municipalities of Valais
Frank Rizzo

Francis Lazarro "Frank" Rizzo, Sr. (October 23, 1920 – July 16, 1991) was an American politician. He was the Mayor of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania from 1972 through 1980. He was also the police commissioner as well. When he was mayor, Rizzo was a Democrat, but when he left office, Rizzo became a Republican in 1986.

Rizzo's father was actually a big part of his life he helped him become what he was because his father was a police officer. 

Rizzo was commissioner from 1968 to 1971 and eventually became mayor in 1972. While he was mayor his relationships with the black community was very violent and devastating. Others would say he was racially motivated only because he would liked to target activities in black neighborhoods. 

Rizzo died of a heart attack on July 16, 1991 in Philadelphia, aged 70.

References

Other websites

Biographical sketch of Rizzo's controversial methods 

1920 births
1991 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Cardiovascular disease deaths in the United States
Mayors of Philadelphia
US Democratic Party politicians
US Republican Party politicians
Night of terror

The Night of Terror refers to November 14, 1917 when several women were arrested for protesting in front of the White House for women's rights. This event is most known for the brutal torture of women in the Occoquan Workhouse in Virginia. The 300 plus activists involved were fighting against President Woodrow Wilson for the right to vote. Thirty-three women were thrown in jail and these women were the ones who experienced the night of terror. Lucy Burns, one of the founders of the National Woman's Party was chained to her cell with her arms in the air.  The women declared a hunger strike and in response, they were force-fed by being held down on a chair and having a long tube shoved down their throats. The jailers attached a funnel to the tube, and poured in mushed up raw eggs and milk for protein until they threw up. During the Night of Terror, Burns was beaten for calling out to other inmates, and her arms handcuffed above her head in her cell. Police officers hurled Dora Lewis into her cell, smashing her head against an iron bar. Her cellmate Alice Cosu thought she was dead, and suffered a heart attack. One woman was stabbed between the eyes with the broken staff of her banner at the Workhouse.

References

1917 in the United States
Feminism
November 1917 events
Protests in the 1910s
Sarah Parker Remond

Sarah Parker Remond (June 6, 1815 – December 13, 1894) was an African-American educator, abolitionist, and member of the American Anti-Slavery Society. She made her first speech against slavery when she was only sixteen years old. Late in life she became a physician in Italy.

Life
Remond was born in Salem, Massachusetts. She was born  June 6, 1826, and she died in 1894. She went to an all black elementary school. she was not a slave but her father was, who then became an American citizen. Her family moved to Newport, Rhode Island and she went to a private school. She made her first speech in 1842. She made her first speech when she was 16 years old against slavery.

References

1815 births
1894 deaths
American civil rights activists
American abolitionists
Educators from Massachusetts
American physicians
Writers from Massachusetts
People from Salem, Massachusetts
Philadelphia race riot

The Philadelphia Race Riots of 1964 was one of the first race riots during the Civil Rights Era. The riot started on August 28, 1964 when a conflict erupted between an African-American woman and a police officer when the woman's car broke down in a busy section of the city. Rumors quickly spread about the police allegedly beating up a pregnant black woman. Riots broke out mostly in Northern Philadelphia. Even though no one was killed, over 300 people were hurt, 25 stores were destroyed, and hundreds were arrested.

References

Race Riot
1964 in the United States
Race
Sophie Scholl

Sophia Magdalena Scholl (9 May 1921 – 22 February 1943) was a member of the White Rose Resistance group. Along with Hans scholl, Alexander Schmorell, Willi Graf, Christoph Probst, and Kurt Huber, Sophie helped write leaflets that opposed Hitler and Nazi Germany. 

On February 18,1943, Sophie and her brother went to the Munich University to pass out leaflets. They were spotted by a custodian, who alerted the Gestapo. They were put on trial on February 22. They were sentence to death. Before her death, her roomate, Else Gebel, recalls the last thing that Sophie said to her: “How can we expect righteousness to prevail when there is hardly anyone wiling to give himself up individually for a righteous cause? Such a fine, sunny, day, and I have to go, but what does my death matter, if through us, thousands of lives are awakened and stirred into action.”. She was murdered the same day of the trial, February 22, 1943.

References

Other websites

The Geschwister-Scholl-Institut
Court documents and testimonies (Center for White Rose Studies
Sophie Scholl's childhood years in Ludwigsburg
The Line, a comic that compares and contrasts Sophie Scholl and Traudl Junge

 Weiße Rose Stiftung e.V. (German)

1921 births
1943 deaths
Executed German people
German people of World War II
People executed by decapitation
People from Baden-Württemberg
Victims of Nazism
Air India Flight 855

Air India Flight 855 was a flight from Bombay to Dubai. On January 1, 1978 the Boeing 747 crashed into the Arabian Sea due to pilot error. All 213 people on-board died.

Aviation disasters in the 1970s
Aviation disasters in Asia
1978 in Asia
January events
108 (number)

108 is a natural number that comes before 109 and after 107. It is the emergency number In India.

Integers
Sphygmomanometer

A sphygmomanometer ((, ; also called a blood pressure meter, blood pressure monitor, or blood pressure gauge) is a device used to measure blood pressure in humans. It was first invented by an Austrian physician in 1881. They now come in different shapes and sizes. They can be found in many places.

The sphygmomanometer works by wrapping a tube of fabric (called a "cuff") around the arm or other body part. The cuff is filled up with air. That stops the flow of blood in the arm. The air is then released slowly until the blood flows again. The whole process, from start to finish, only takes about a minute.

Many sphygmomanometers are inflated by squeezing a bulb. A gauge shows how much the cuff is inflated. The gauge can be mechanical or hydraulic (filled with mercury).  It is important that the cuff is not inflated too much, so whoever is using the device has to use a stethoscope. 

Some sphygmomanometers, especially those that people use at home, are automatic. They inflate using an electric pump. They show the blood pressure on a screen. They are meant to be very easy to use.

Medical equipment
Physiology
Blood pressure
Randa, Switzerland

Randa is a municipality of the district of Visp in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.

The municipality is between the Weisshorn and Dom in the Matter Valley.

References

Other websites

 Official website of Randa 
 

Municipalities of Valais
Saas Almagell

Saas-Almagell is a municipality of the district of Visp in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

 Official website of Saas-Almagell 

Municipalities of Valais
Bell TH-57 Sea Ranger

The Bell TH-57 Sea Ranger is a US helicopter. It is a military variant of the famous civilian Bell 206 used for training by the United States Marine Corps and the United States Navy.

Related pages 
 Training aircraft.

Military aircraft
Helicopters
Bell aircraft
United States Marine Corps aircraft
United States Navy aircraft
Dale E. Wolf

Dale Edward Wolf (September 6, 1924 – March 20, 2021) was an American businessman and politician. He was born in Wilmington, Delaware. He was veteran of World War II.

Wolf was a member of the Republican Party. For three weeks, he was the 70th Governor of Delaware.

Wolf died on March 20, 2021 in Wilmington, Delaware at the age of 96.

References

Other websites
Biographical Directory of the Governors of the United States 
Biography by Russell Pickett
Delaware's Governor's
Political Graveyard 
Emerald BioAgriculture Company  
Stand Up for what is Right and Just  

1924 births
2021 deaths
Governors of Delaware
US Republican Party politicians
Businesspeople from Wilmington, Delaware
Businesspeople from Nebraska
Politicians from Wilmington, Delaware
Politicians from Nebraska
Lieutenant Governors of Delaware
Vinod Khanna

Vinod Khanna (6 October 1946 – 27 April 2017) was an Indian actor. He was also an active politician and was the sitting MP from Gurdaspur constituency (between 1998-2009 and 2014-2017).

Career
Khanna played lead roles in many movies and is best remembered for his performance in Mere Apne, Mera Gaon Mera Desh, Gaddaar,  Jail Yatra, Imtihaan, Muqaddar Ka Sikandar, Inkaar, Kuchhe Dhaage, Amar Akbar Anthony, Rajput, Qurbani, Kudrat, Dayavan, Kaarnama,Suryaa: An Awakening and Jurm.

After making his debut in 1968, Khanna first acted in small roles or negative roles. His angry young man role in the movie Mere Apne, his negative role as the main villain in the superhit movie Mera Gaon Mera Desh and his role in the crtically acclaimed movie Achanak based on the events of the popular case  K. M. Nanavati v. State of Maharashtra'', as the military officer turned fugitive.

Khanna was popularly known as one of the most handsome lead actors ever in Bollywood.

Political career
In 1997, Khanna joined the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) and was elected from Gurdaspur constituency in Punjab in the next year's Lok Sabha election.

In 2014 general election he was again elected for 16th Loksabha from same constituency.

Death
Khanna died on 27 April 2017 at a hospital in Mumbai from bladder cancer at the age of 70.

References

Other websites

 
 11 December 2007 |title=Parliamentary Biography

1946 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from bladder cancer
Cancer deaths in India
Indian movie actors
Indian politicians
William G. Morgan

William George Morgan (23 January 1870 – 27 December 1942) was an American educator and businessman. He was the inventor of volleyball, originally called "Mintonette". He was born in Lockport, New York.

He met James Naismith, inventor of basketball, while Morgan was studying at Springfield College, Massachusetts in 1892. Like Naismith, Morgan went for a career in Physical Education at the YMCA. He was inspired by Naismith and basketball, in 1895, in Holyoke, Massachusetts, Morgan invented "Mintonette" a less hard team sport than a basketball which was more suitable for older members of the YMCA but one that still needed athletic skill.

Morgan died in Lockport, New York from pneumonia on 27 December 1942, aged 72.

References

1870 births
1942 deaths
Deaths from pneumonia
Disease-related deaths in Massachusetts
American inventors
Educators from Massachusetts
Businesspeople from Massachusetts
Businesspeople from New York
Sportspeople from New York
Sportspeople from Massachusetts
People from Lockport, New York
People from Holyoke, Massachusetts
Educators from New York
Black Panther Party

The Black Panther Party or the BPP (originally the Black Panther Party for Self-Defense) was a revolutionary black nationalist and socialist organization active in the United States from 1966 until 1982, with international chapters operating in the United Kingdom in the early 1970s, and in Algeria from 1969 until 1972.

It was founded in 1966 by Huey P. Newton and Bobby Seale. Founding members were Newton, Seale, Bobby Hutton, and Elbert Howard.

References

1966 establishments in the United States
1982 disestablishments in the United States
Political parties in the United States
American civil rights
Civil rights organizations
1970s in the United Kingdom
Sylvia Rivera

Sylvia Rae Rivera (July 2, 1951 – February 19, 2002) was an American gay, transgender and civil rights activist and drag queen. 

Rivera was a founding member of both the Gay Liberation Front and the Gay Activists Alliance. With her close friend Marsha P. Johnson, Rivera co-founded the Street Transvestite Action Revolutionaries (STAR), a group dedicated to helping homeless young drag queens and trans women of color.

Life
Rivera was born on July 2nd, 1951 as Ray Rivera. As a child she found a growing interest in makeup. By grade 4 she was wearing makeup to school. Lacking the support she needed from her family, by age 10, her grandmother disapproved and put her out on the street. Rivera became a child sex worker in Times Square.  Later on in her life, Rivera took an interest in human rights, specifically race and gender/sexual orientation. She created the organization STAR (Street Transvestite Action Revolutionaries) with her best friend, Marsha P. Johnson. 

But not too long after, Johnson was found dead, floating in the Hudson River. Rivera was devastated, and she even attempted suicide once. In the end, she died of liver cancer in 2002.

References

1951 births
2002 deaths
American civil rights activists
American LGBT rights activists
Cancer deaths in New York City
Deaths from liver cancer
Drag queens
Gay men
LGBT people from New York City
Clara Hale

Clara McBride Hale (April 1, 1905 – December 18, 1992), also known as Mother Hale, was an American humanitarian. She founded the Hale House Center, a home for unwanted children and children who were born addicted to drugs.

Personal life
Hale was born April 1, 1905 in Elizabeth City, North Carolina. She moved to Philadelphia her father died when she was a toddler. Her mother could not pay for her and her siblings, her mother took in lodgers to pay for her family. Clara Hale's mother died when she was sixteen. 

She met Thomas Hale in high school and when they graduated they went to New York together and started a floor waxing company. Thomas and Clara Hale had two children named Lorraine and a son Nathan. Clara Hale adopted a boy named Kenneth the time Thomas Hale was going through cancer and died at the age of twenty seven. 

When a drug addicted mom was at her door step she asked if Hale would take her drug addicted baby. Hale took in the baby and the Hale house began.

Hale died on December 18, 1992 in New York City from stroke-related complications at the age of 87.

More reading
 Bolden, T. (1998). And Not Afraid to Dare: The Stories of Ten African-American Women. New York: Scholastic Press.
 Italia, B. (1993). Clara Hale: A Mother to Those Who Needed One. Minnesota: Abdo & Daughters.
 Lanker, B. (1989). I Dream a World: Portraits of Black Women Who Changed America. New York: Stewart, Tabori & Chang.
 Pinkney A., & Woock, R.R. (1970). Poverty and Politics in Harlem. New Haven, Conn.: College & University Press.
 Schoener, A. (1968). Harlem on My Mind: Cultural Capital of Black America 1900- 1968. New York: Random House.

References

Other websites
 African American Registry 
 Hale House Center 

1905 births
1992 deaths
Deaths from stroke
Cardiovascular disease deaths in New York City
Humanitarians
American activists
People from North Carolina
Leo Baxendale

Leo Baxendale (27 October 1930 – 23 April 2017) was an English cartoonist and publisher. Baxendale wrote and drew several comics. Among his most famous creations are the Beano strips Little Plum, Minnie the Minx, The Bash Street Kids, and The Three Bears.

Baxendale died on 23 April, 2017 of cancer in Lancashire, England at the age of 86.

References

Other websites
Reaper Books – Baxendale's own publishing company
Leo Baxendale at Lambiek.net
Video clip of Leo Baxendale talking as part of the BBC's Comics Britannia series (2007) (RealPlayer)

1930 births
2017 deaths
Cancer deaths in England
English artists
Cartoonists
Writers from Lancashire
Pere Tàpias

Pere Tàpias (19 May 1946 – 22 April 2017) () was a Spanish radio presenter and food writer in Catalonia, Spain. He was the host of a Catalunya Ràdio program, Tàpies Variades.  He was the 2005–2006 Ambassor of Xató. He was born in Vilanova i la Geltrú, Spain.

Tàpias died on 22 April 2017 from liver disease in Sant Pere de Ribes, Spain at the age of 70.

References

Other websites

1946 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from heart failure
Cardiovascular disease deaths in Spain
Spanish writers
Radio personalities
Critics
Peter George (professor)

Peter James George, CM, O.Ont (September 12, 1941 – April 27, 2017) was a Canadian economist and university academic. He was born in Toronto, Ontario. On June 30, 2010, he retired after serving three five year terms as President and Vice-Chancellor of McMaster University in Hamilton, Ontario. He became President and Vice-Chancellor in 1995. He was the longest serving President of McMaster University.

George died of cancer at his home in Hamilton, Ontario on April 27, 2017 at the age of 75.

References

Other websites
 

1941 births
2017 deaths
Canadian academics
Cancer deaths in Ontario
Canadian economists
Writers from Toronto
McMaster University

McMaster University (commonly referred to as McMaster or Mac)  is a public research university located in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. The main campus is located on  of land near the residential neighbourhoods of Ainslie Wood and Westdale, Hamilton.

It opened in Toronto in 1890. It was named after famous Canadian Senator William McMaster (1811–1887) who donated C$900,000 to create the university. It was relocated to a larger ground space in Hamilton in 1930. McMaster was controlled by the Baptist Convention of Ontario and Quebec until it became a privately chartered, publicly funded non-denominational institution in 1957. 

The university is co-educational, and has over 25,000 undergraduate and over 4,000 post-graduate students.

The university ranked 4th among Canadian universities and 94th in the world according to the 2015-2016 Times Higher Education World University Rankings.

References

Other websites

 
 Official athletics website
 The Silhouette student newspaper

Colleges and universities in Canada
Hamilton, Ontario
1890 establishments
1890s establishments in Canada
Peter Hall (director)

Sir Peter Reginald Frederick Hall CBE (22 November 1930 – 11 September 2017) was a British director, playwright and actor.

Career
In 1955 he introduced London audiences to the work of Samuel Beckett with the UK premiere of Waiting for Godot. Hall founded the Royal Shakespeare Company (1960–68) and went on to build an international reputation in theatre, opera, movie and television. He was Director of the National Theatre (1973–88) and Artistic Director of Glyndebourne Festival Opera (1984-1990). 

He formed The Peter Hall Company (1998-2011) and became founding director of The Rose Theatre, Kingston in 2003. Throughout his career, he has been a vociferous champion of public funding for the arts.

Death
On the morning of 11 September 2017, Hall died at University College Hospital in London from pneumonia complicated by dementia, aged 86.

References

Other websites
 The Company: A Biographical Dictionary of the RSC: Online database
 
 
 Peter Hall video at Web of Stories
 Fathom biography 
 Godot almighty by Peter Hall
 Interview with Peter Hall by Bruce Duffie, November 5, 1987 (about opera)

Tony Award winners
Drama Desk Award winners
1930 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from dementia
Deaths from pneumonia
Disease-related deaths in London
British movie directors
British television directors
British playwrights
British movie actors
British theatre directors
Actors from Suffolk
Morelia amethistina

Morelia amethistina (also known as the amethystine python, scrub python or sanca permata) is a form of non-venomous python. It can be found in Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, and Australia.

Some specimens of Morelia amethistina have been measured at up to 8.5 metres (27.9 feet) long, but normally they are only up to 5 metres long.

The diet of the Amethystine python is mostly birds, bats, rats, possums, and other small mammals. Some big Australian and Papuan varieties eat wallabies and cuscus.

Pythons
Reptiles of Australia
Saas Balen

Saas-Balen is a municipality of the district of Visp in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.

It is at the foot of the Mischabelhörner and Dom.

References

Other websites

 Official website of Saas-Balen 

Municipalities of Valais
Boshin War

The ,  sometimes known as the Japanese Revolution, was a civil war in Japan, fought from 1868 to 1869 between forces of the ruling Tokugawa shogunate and those seeking the Meiji Restoration of political power to the Imperial Court.

Other websites

The Boshin War 
The Battle of Ezo 

Wars involving Japan
1868
1869
1860s in Asia
History of Japan
Pambio-Noranco

Pambio-Noranco is a quarter of the city of Lugano, Switzerland. Until 2004 it was a municipality on its own. Then it was added to Lugano.

Villages 
 Noranco
 Pambio

References

Other websites 

 Official Pambio Noranco quarter website 

Former municipalities of Ticino
Pregassona

Pregassona is a quarter of the city of Lugano, Switzerland. Until 2004, it was a municipality on its own. Then it was added to Lugano.

The name Pregassona comes from a contraction of the local dialect for "near the Cassone"; the Cassone is a small river that flows through the village.

Monuments and places of interest 
 Church of Saint Mary, documented since 1222
 Oratory of Saints Peter & Paul, 14th century
 Church of Saint John the Baptist and Maximilian Kolbe, 1995

References

Other websites 

 Official website of the quarter 
 Lugano Monte Brè

Former municipalities of Ticino
United Arab List

The United Arab List (, HaReshima HaAravit HaMe'uhedet; ,  al-Qā'ima al-'Arabiyya al-Muwaḥḥada), commonly known by its Hebrew acronym Ra'am (), is an Israeli political party.  

Its ideology is Arab nationalist and Islamist.

Political leader is Mansour Abbas.

Ra'am was founded in 1996 as an alliance of Mada (Arab Democratic Party) and the southern branch of the Islamic Movement in Israel.

Its supporters are Islamic and nationalist Israeli Arabs, especially the Bedouins among them.

Number of seats in the 24th Knesset: 4 (/).<br/ >
Ra'am was cooperating with Balad, Hadash and Ta'al as HaReshima HaMeshutefet (Hebrew) or al-Qa'imah al-Mushtarakah (Arab) (both meaning The Joint List). Together they had 15 seats in the 23rd Knesset.

Participating in the Bennett-Lapid Government.

Other websites 
 Ra'am on the Knesset Website

1996 establishments
1990s establishments in Israel
Islamic organizations
Nationalist organizations
Political parties in Israel
Religion in Israel
Ta'al

Ta'al, Hebrew: תע"ל‎ , a Hebrew acronym of Tnu'a Aravit LeHithadshut, Hebrew: תנועה ערבית להתחדשות , 
the Arab version: ?, Arab: الحركة العربية للتغيير ,<br/ >
both meaning Arab Movement for Renewal, is an Israeli political party.  

Its ideology is right-wing centrist, Arab nationalist, secular and anti-Zionist.

Political leader is Ahmad Tibi.

Ta'al was founded in the 1990s by Ahmad Tibi.

Number of seats in the 24th Knesset: 2 (-1).<br/ >
Ta'al is cooperating with Balad and Hadash as HaReshima HaMeshutefet (Hebrew) or al-Qa'imah al-Mushtarakah (Arab) (both meaning The Joint List). Together they have 6 seats.

Other websites 
 

1990s establishments in Israel
Nationalist organizations
Political parties in Israel
Casimir effect

The Casimir effect (predicted by Hendrik Casimir in 1948) is the attraction of two metal plates in a vacuum. This effect occurs because of a side effect of the quantum uncertainty principle, where 'virtual' particles cause the plates to be slightly pushed towards each other.

Relationship to quantum uncertainty principle 
The quantum uncertainty principle says that particles, fields, etc. have two values, and that the more accurately you measure one, the less accurately you can measure the other. Since 'empty' space (which is a field) would be completely empty, then we would know both the field's magnitude (which is zero) and its rate of change (also zero). Therefore, there must be tiny fluctuations in 'empty' space, so that the uncertainty principle isn't violated. These take the form of virtual particles, which we wouldn't be able to detect directly. However, we can see the effects they have on real particles. Some of these particles are virtual photons, which can also be considered as waves. Now, between the reflective metal plates, there is a certain distance. Certain virtual photons, specifically ones where the distance divided by the wavelength is a whole number, are the only ones that can fit in here; if it isn't a whole number, eventually the peaks and troughs of the waves will coincide, and cancel it out.

Negative spacetime 
Since there are fewer virtual particles on the inside of the plates rather than the outside, there is a greater force on the outside of the plates. This causes the plates to be pushed inwards. Now, the energy density of the universe is zero. This is because every particle has positive energy, but it also has gravity, which balances it out with negative gravitational energy. Since there are fewer virtual particles within the plates, that means that the energy density of the spacetime between the plates must be less than the energy density of spacetime outside the plates. However, since the energy density of the spacetime outside the plates is zero, that means that the energy density of the spacetime between the plates is less than zero, or negative. Negative spacetime has odd properties, such as being saddle-shaped and allowing travel into the past.

References 

Physics
Philippe Mestre

Philippe Mestre (23 August 1927 – 25 April 2017) was a French high-ranking civil servant, media executive and politician. He was born in Talmont-Saint-Hilaire, Vendée.

Mestre was the prefect of Gers, Basse-Normandie, Calvados, Pays de la Loire and Loire-Atlantique. He was the chief executive of Presse-Océan from 1981 to 1993.

Mestre served as a member of the National Assembly from 1981 to 1993, representing Vendée. He was the Minister of Veteran Affairs and War Victims from 1993 to 1995. He was a commander of the Legion of Honour and an officer of the National Order of Merit.

Mestre died on 25 April 2017 in Talmont-Saint-Hilaire, aged 89.

References

1927 births
2017 deaths
Civil servants
French businesspeople
Government ministers of France