cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Colleen Dewhurst

Colleen Dewhurst (June 3, 1924 – August 22, 1991) was an American and Canadian actress. She played Helen Benson in Man on a String. She also played Monique in The Last Run. She was also a stage actress.

Dewhurst was born in Montreal, Quebec. She died in South Salem, New York of cervical cancer at the age of 67.

Canadian movie actors
Canadian stage actors
1924 births
1991 deaths
American movie actors
American stage actors
People from Montreal
Peg + Cat

Peg + Cat is an American-Canadian animated children's television series based on the children's book The Chicken Problem, which was published in 2020. The series is created by Billy Aronson and Jennifer Oxley. The series focuses on a young girl named Peg and her talking pet cat, named Cat. The show teaches the viewer math.  Peg and Cat's adventures often relate to math. Peg speaks directly to the viewers and encourages them to follow along with the episode's plot.

It started on most PBS Kids stations on November 18, 2013. It has a voice cast which includes Hayley Faith Negrin, Dwayne Hill, Annick Obonsawin and Thamela Mpumlwana.

References 

American children's television series
2013 television series debuts
2018 television series endings
Paper plane

A paper plane is a toy airplane made from paper. The paper is folded in a certain way so that the folded paper actually glides. This is a form of origami; the Japanese art of paper folding. Paper planes were used originally for testing real airplanes. Today the making of paper planes is a hobby and a craft.

Takuo Toda holds the world record for the longest time in air (27.9 seconds).  The distance record () was set by Joe Ayoob, with a plane constructed by John Collins, in February 2012.

References 

Toys
Abbott Laboratories

The Abbott Laboratories are an American pharmaceuticals and health care company. They have 90,000+ employees in over 130 countries. The headquarters are in North Chicago, Illinois. This organization was established by Wallace Calvin Abbott in 1888. Abbott's product line includes pharmaceuticals, nutritional, diagnostics, and vascular products. 

The company has made drugs for rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes and other conditions. The company makes glucose monitoring devices for diabetics.

According to the Reuters report, Abbott acquired Alere for $4.48 billion, in April 2017.

In September 2017,  Abbott announced that it has received Food and Drug Administration clearance for a consumer version of its Freestyle Libre flash glucose monitor, which does not require people with diabetes to routinely prick their fingers to check the glucose levels.

Drugs
Selsun Blue

References 

1888 establishments in the United States
Companies based in Chicago, Illinois
Pharmaceutical companies of the United States
1880s establishments in Illinois
Archie Bunker

Archibald "Archie" Bunker is a fictional New Yorker of the 1970s top rated situation comedy All in the Family. Also its related TV show Archie Bunker's Place. He was played by actor Carroll O'Connor. Bunker, the family patriarch, was a World War II veteran and blue-collar worker. He was a family man and a conservative. He was first seen when All in the Family premiered on January 12, 1971.

Fictional characters
Fictional war veterans
People from New York
Carroll O'Connor

John Carroll O'Connor (or just Carroll O'Connor; August 2, 1924 – June 21, 2001) was an American actor. He played Archie Bunker in All in the Family and Archie Bunker's Place. He also played Major General Colt in the movie Kelly's Heroes. 

O'Connor was born in Manhattan, New York City. He died from complications of diabetes at 76.

American television actors
American movie actors
Actors from New York
1924 births
2001 deaths
Deaths from diabetes
Fluvial terrace

Fluvial terrace is an abandoned floodplain with a long, narrow stairs that is formed when the river flowed at a higher level than at present. Fluvial terrace consists of two parts; a tread, which is the flat surface at the upper side of fluvial terrace, and a scarp, which is the steep slope connecting the tread to the downside. Fluvial terrace is divided into Rock terrace and Gravel terrace according to structure materials, and it is also classified as Tectonic terrace and Climate terrace according to causes of formation.

Classification 

Fluvial terraces are either called erosional or depositional.

Erosional terrace 

Erosional terrace is a terrace that the tread has been formed primarily by lateral erosion. During low water level stage, fine sediment is deposited and during normal flow, coarse sediment is deposited at the end of a high water event. When the river reaches its highest level, it entrains all the channel sediment and scours the underlying bedrock before coarse detritus is deposited again on the channel floor.

Depositional terrace 
Depositional terrace is a terrace that the tread represents the surface of a valley fill. Valley filling occurs when the amount of sediment produced in a basin exceeds the amount that the river system can carry away. It is usually triggered by glacial outwash, climate change, or change in base level, slope, or load caused by rising water level. Depositional terrace is climatically controlled, whereas erosional terrace is tectonically controlled.

References 

Landforms
Iditarod

The Iditarod is the world’s most famous dog sled race. It is an annual race that starts on the first Saturday of March in Anchorage, Alaska and ends in Nome, Alaska.  The annual race crosses the Alaska Range and Kuskokwim Mountains range.  The contestants in the race go northwest from Anchorage. Then they turn north and go along the Bering Sea to Nome.  On even years they take the route that goes more north and on odd years they take the route that goes more south. White Mountain is the last of three rest stops for teams in the race. 

Iditarod is an endurance sport for the sled driver and the dogs.  They have to keep moving for 1,100 miles.  All the paths are cold, icy, and snowy.  12 to 16 dogs are in the race.

The current way the Iditarod is run today started in 1973.  There were also shorter races that started in 1967. The first shorter race took place in the years from 1967 - 1973.  The shorter races were held on the Iditarod trail which was an old mail route.

References 
 "Nature." Sled Dogs: An Alaskan Epic. Web. 12 May 2014. 
 Nightingale, Dave. "Iditarod." World Book Student. World Book, 2014. Web. 1 Apr. 2014. 
 "Race Across Alaska." Weekly Reader-3 (Vol. 74, No. 19). Feb. 25 2005: 2+. SIRS Discoverer. Web. 01 Apr. 2014.

Winter sports
Dogs
Sports involving animals
1967 establishments in the United States
1960s establishments in Alaska
Gracie Gold

Gracie Gold (born August 17, 1995) is an American figure skater.

Childhood 
Gracie Gold was born on August 17, 1995 in Newton, Massachusetts. When she was four years old her family moved to Springfield, Illinois. At a skating birthday party when she was eight years old, she began to try figure skating. After that party she signed up for lessons. She was a natural; she soon was landing double axels.

Before Olympics and other competitions 
After awhile her hard work wasn't paying off. She kept getting low scores! Around a year before the Sochi, Olympics Gracie's relationship with her coach, Alex Ouriashev had completely crumbled. A little while after that Gracie switched coaches. She switched to Frank Carroll and this switch took her mother and sister Carly Gold with her to Hermosa Beach, Los Angeles. Frank Carroll’s experience with coaching other Olympians like Evan Lysacek, Michelle Kwan, Tim Goebel, Linda Fratianne and Denis Ten helped and inspired Gracie. Going to the Olympics gave a lot of stress to her. She would stress about being an Olympian and would stress out about  all of the mistakes she would make in practice. Sometimes to calm down Gracie would juggle. She had to learn how to relax while doing her triple axels and how to save a jump if she started off wrong. Gracie also had to learn how to make her performance still look good to the judges, even after a fall. Later, after all of this training Gracie was ready to compete in competitions like the Midwestern sectional, The U.S. Championships, and the U.S. International Classic. In almost all of her later competitions she did better than the firsts. This helped her earn her spot in the 2014 Sochi, Olympics.

Sochi, Olympics 
Gracie got a bronze medal from the Olympics, she got this from the team event. In the Ladies free skate, and short program she was placed fourth. Gracie is eager to return to Olympic Ice in the 2018 Winter Olympics.

References 
 Hersh, Philip. "A Brave New World for Gold." Chicago Tribune. 19 Feb. 2014: 12. SIRS Discoverer. Web. 06 May. 2014.
 "Gracie Gold." Gale Biography in Context. Detroit: Gale, 2013. Biography in Context. Web. 6 May 2014

1995 births
Living people
Medalists at the 2014 Winter Olympics
American figure skaters
People from Springfield, Missouri
Mikaela Shiffrin

Mikaela Shiffrin (born March 13, 1995) is an American skier. Her first time at the Winter Olympic Games was during the 2014 Winter Olympics at Sochi, Russia. Before these Olympics, Mikaela had competed in other national and international competitions. 

Mikaela Shiffrin was born on March 13, 1995 in Vail, Colorado. Her father, Jeff, skied at Dartmouth College. Her mother, Eileen, came from a Massachusetts family who loved skiing. She has an older brother named Taylor who is also a skier at the University of Denver. When Mikaela was eight her family moved to New Hampshire. Her father got a job at the Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center.

Shiffrin competed in her first international competition at age fifteen. Later that year she joined another international competition and got a gold medal in slalom. By the end of the season she had won four World Cup competitions as well as a slalom title. This made her the youngest person to win a World Cup title. Mikaela Shiffrin was also the youngest ever to win an Olympic gold medal in the slalom. She won one of the five gold medals won by the American Alpine team. In addition to her gold medal, Shiffrin has one gold medal from the world championships and one bronze medal from the Junior World Ski Championships. She has had eight total wins at the World Championships.

References 

1995 births
Living people
2014 Winter Olympics
American Olympic gold medalists
American skiers
Sportspeople from Colorado
Gayageum

The gayageum or kayagum is a traditional Korean zither-like string instrument. It has 12 strings, though some more recent variants have 21 or other numbers of strings. It is probably the best known traditional Korean musical instrument. Its body is made of Paulownia wood.

History 

According to Samguksagi ( the three kingdoms history book), the first gayageum was made for King Gasil in the 6th century. This was after he observed a Chinese musical instrument. He ordered a musician named Wu Ruk to compose music for this new instrument. The original name was gayago. It was further improved by Wu Ruk.

Construction 
 
There are two types. The beobgeum gayageum is 160cm long by 30cm wide by 10cm deep. Its body is made of a single piece of paulownia wood. The resonator chamber is hollowed out of the wood body. It is used in court music.

The sanjo gayageum is about 142cm long by 23cm wide by 10cm deep. The soundboard is made of paulownia, but the sides and back are of a harder wood such as chestnut or walnut. It is used in folk music.

Technique 

The player usually sits cross-legged. The gayageum is played put on the player’s knee (usually the right knee). One hand plucks the strings to make a sound. The other hand decorates the sound by pressing, shaking, and vibrating the strings.

References

Other websites 
 Gayageum, Doosan Encyclopedia

Musical instruments
Kazu Kibuishi

Kazu Kibuishi is the writer and artist of Copper, a comic strip. He also wrote Amulet which is a series of graphic novels which are like comic books. He was born 1978, in Tokyo, Japan. He moved to the United States in 1982. He lives in Alhambra, California. He has a degree in film studies from the University of California. He is married to Amy Kim Ganter who is a comic book artist and illustrator.

He is a writer, editor, illustrator, art director, comic book artist, graphic novelist, producer, and animator. He’s an animator at Shaded Box which is an animation, commercial, and video game studio. Animators make movies and cartoons. 

Copper follows the quests of an intelligent dog and his owner in a world of steampunk technology and fiction. The series continues to appear on the Internet and gains him quite a few fans.

References

 Kazu Kibuishi." Contemporary Authors Online. Detroit: Gale, 2009. Biography in Context. Web. 1 Apr. 2014
 Bolt City. Web. 1 Apr. 2014. <http://boltcity.com>

1978 births
Living people
Writers from Tokyo
Albert Pujols

José Alberto Pujols Alcántara (also known as Albert Pujols) is a star baseball player from the Dominican Republic.

Early life 
Pujols was born on January 16, 1980 in Santo Domingo, the capital of the Dominican Republic.  When he was 16, Pujols's family moved to Missouri.  He learned English at Fort Osage High School and later studied to be an American citizen.

Baseball career 
He went to Maple Woods Community College and posted a .461 on-base average (which means he got on base 461 times out of every 1,000 at-bats).   

At age 19, Pujols was drafted by the St. Louis Cardinals.  He was a very low draft pick (402nd in the 13th round of the draft).  He played his first season with one of the Cardinals' minor league teams, the Peoria Chiefs.  

After one full season with the Chiefs, Pujols got onto the Cardinals' roster after a teammate got injured.  Later two of the Cardinals' best players also got injured, and Pujols became a regular player.  In his first season with the Cardinals, he had 37 RBIs and 130 home runs, and posted a .329 on-base average.  He won the Rookie of the Year Award, earning every vote.

Awards 
In 2002, Pujols was the runner-up for the Most Valuable Player Award, and the Cardinals reached the National League Championship Series.

In 2005, the Baseball Writers of America voted Pujols the National League's Most Valuable Player.

In 2006, the Cardinals won the World Series.  Pujols was also named to the National League All-Star Team that year.  

Since 2006, Pujols has won many awards, like the Players' Choice Most Outstanding Player Award, the Players' Choice Player of the Year Award, and the National League Home Run Award.

References 
 "Pujols, Albert." Compton's by Britannica. 01 Aug. 2011: n.p. SIRS Discoverer. Web. 01 Apr. 2014.
 Petruso, A. "Albert Pujols." Newsmakers. Detroit: Gale, 2005. Biography in Context. Web. 1 Apr. 2014.

1980 births
Biography articles of living people
Los Angeles Angels players
Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim players
St. Louis Cardinals players
Grandaddy

Grandaddy is an American indie rock band formed in California in 1992 by singer/guitarist/keyboardist Jason Lytle, bassist Kevin Garcia, and drummer Aaron Burtch.

History 
Complex Party Come Theories is their first work.  After that, they got new guitarist Jim Fairchild and keyboardist Tim Dryden. They released EP A Pretty Mess By This One Band in 1996, and their first full-length album Under The Western Freeway in 1997. “Summer Here Kids”, one of the songs in Under The Western Freeway,  earned Single of the Week honors in NME. In 2000, in Sophftware Slump, they created vintage, electronic, drift-off music. In , Concrete Dunes was released, without the band's permission. In 2003, the group released another album, Sumday, and received good reviews. In 2006, Just Like the Fambly Cat was released. 

After the album, the band broke up in 2005. They did not do Just Like the Fambly Cat tour concert. The band was utterly content and happy about the decision to end Grandaddy. In the song 'Elevate Myself', he says "I don't wanna work all night and day. On writing songs that make the young girls cry." Other members all worked in their own field, but Jim Fairchild was still working with music. He joined a guitarist in Modest Mouse tour, and he released his first solo album, Ten Readings of a Warning. In 2012, the band reunited for Outside Lands Festival in San Francisco. In the same year, they played in End of the Road Festival.  No album has been released since then. 

In an interview, Jason Lytle tell why the band name got their name Grandaddy; They realized that they are too ugly to seduce young women, so they try to appeal to old women, just like Morrissey. Birds frequently appear in their album cover, because birds are beautiful and colorful, and they can sing.

Style 
Grandaddy's music has features in the late 90s lo-fi indie rock. Their music has the catchy melodies that they are able to create with the synths and distorted guitars. Most of their musics are slow and emotional. Also, they used electronics. Their lyrics are mostly vague and abstract, but inventive. The album's most enduring image is a man sipping a beer and strumming an acoustic guitar in quiet, beautiful countryside. The Sophtware Slump is generally regarded as the band's masterpiece, but other albums like Under the Western Freeway are popular, too.

References 

Indie rock bands
American rock bands
1990s American music groups
Musical groups from California
Executive Yuan

The Executive Yuan (EY; ) is the executive branch of the government of the Republic of China (ROC).

Organization and structure

It is led by the Premier of the ROC. It has a Vice-Premier and eleven cabinet ministers. It also has from five to nine ministers without portfolio as its members. The vice premier, ministers, and chairpersons are chosen by the President of the ROC. This is on the recommendation of the premier.

It was started in 1948. The EY is one of the five branches of government of the ROC under their constitution.

References

Other websites
 Official website 
 Official website 

1948 establishments in Asia
Government
Jean Fritz

Jean Guttery Fritz (16 November 1915 – 14 May 2017)  was an American children's writer and historian. Her parents were Arthur Minton and Myrtle Guttery. They were missionaries. Missionaries are people who  set out on a mission to teach others about their religion.

Early life
Fritz lived in China until she was 13 years old. She learned to speak Chinese before she learned English. In 1928 the family returned to the United States. As a child of missionaries she used her writing as a “private place.” She wrote her thoughts, feelings, and emotions. She also wrote down anything she thought about. Fritz wrote it all down. She wrote about many different things. Sometimes she copied some sections of poems and books that Fritz had read. She liked to read different poets and authors.

Early career
Later in life these things she had written about turned into the books that she later wrote. On 1 November 1942 Fritz married Michael Fritz The couple later had two children. They were named David and Andrea.

Career
Fritz has a record for writing information flooded, true books about real things that happened in history. She had been amazed about what had happened during the time of the American Revolution. She learned a great deal of information on the topic. It was really interesting to her. She wrote a handful of children's books about key figures and events that happened during that time. Most books she wrote are non-fictional children's’ books. Fritz has written some novels. She wrote a novel called "Brady". She dived into her search for information. She looked at primary sources. In 1986 she won the Laura Ingalls Wilder Medal.

After her father's death she wrote the book Homesick: My Own Story. It was about her own childhood experiences in China. After writing the book she visited China. After returning she wrote two more books about China and Mao Zedong.

Publication of Fritz' books
She started writing her books in the 1950s. Fritz knows much about happenings around the world.

Works
 Homesick: My Own Story       (Puffin, 1982 . Paperback)
 China homecoming             (Putnam, 1985 . Hardcover)
 China's Long March           (Putnam, 1988 . Hardcover) 
 The Cabin Faced West     (Puffin, 1987 . Paperback. Hardcover.)
 Brady                    (Puffin, 1988 . Paperback)
 Early Thunder            (Puffin, 1987 . Paperback.)

References

Other websites
 "Jean (Guttery) Fritz." Major Authors and Illustrators for Children and Young Adults. Detroit: Gale, 2002. Biography in Context. Web. 1 Apr. 2014.
  Hurst, Carol O. "Jean Fritz." Carol Hurst's Children's Literature Site. Ed. Rebecca Otis. Dec. 1998. Web. 1 Apr. 2014

1915 births
2017 deaths
American historians
American children's writers
Youth in Action

Youth in Action is a European program that lasted from 2007 until 2013 labeled for young people in order to help make a shared European mindset where young people from different countries could enhance active citizenship as well as a shared cultural European history. It was made of 5 main actions under which several projects are done by local supporters who show their projects to their national agency.

Allowed participants were young people who are between 13 and 30 years old. Other people could be part of this too. Older youth workers who are part of European youth events and are citizens of a European Union country could be part of the program. Source

The program was given a budget of 885 million euros. Analysis of the program published in 2011 showed that in the years 2007-2009 more than 380,000 people took part in the different actions. Only 21,800 projects received a grant among 42,700 submissions.

References 
http://ec.europa.eu/youth/tools/youth-in-action_en.htm
http://eacea.ec.europa.eu/youth/index_en.php 
http://www.britishcouncil.org/youth-in-action

Youth organizations
Ruby Bridges

Ruby Nell Bridges Hall (born September 8, 1954) is an American activist. She is known for being the first black child to attend an all-white elementary school in the South. She went to William Frantz Elementary School, in Louisiana, USA.

Early life

Ruby Bridges was born in Tylertown, Mississippi to Abon and Lucille Bridges. When she was 4 years old, the family moved to New Orleans, Louisiana. In 1960, when she was 6 years old, her parents allowed her to participate in the integration of the New Orleans School system.

Integration 

In a 1954 decision, Brown v. Board of Education, the U.S. Supreme Court made Racial segregation against the law. Ruby was chosen to attend the all-white William Frantz Elementary School. The school board said black children could attend the first grade if they passed a test. Bridges passed a test. On her first day of school four U.S. Marshals had to go with her to school. She went straight to the principal's office. Angry crowds of parents shouted threats at her. For the next six months the marshals took her to and from her school. Ruby had to spend the entire first school year alone with one teacher, Barbara Henry. People tried to hurt her family. Her father lost his job and her grandparents were thrown off their farm in Georgia. Ruby never missed a day of school that year. The story of her going to a white school is the subject of a Norman Rockwell painting called The Problem We All Live With.

Adult life 

She finished elementary school and graduated from high school. Bridges went on to become a travel agent for American Express. Mrs. Ruby Bridges got married to Malcolm Hall and had four sons. In 1993, her brother was shot and killed in New Orleans. Ruby's family went to New Orleans to take care of his daughters.

In 1999, she wrote a children's book, "Through My Eyes", telling her story. The same year she started the Ruby Bridges Foundation. She travels and talks to children all over the country.

On 8 January 2001, President Bill Clinton awarded Ruby Bridges the Presidential Citizens Medal. She was one of 28 to receive the medal that day.

References

Other websites 

 The Ruby Bridges Foundation 
 Ruby Bridges, Webpage

American civil rights activists
Children's writers
1954 births
Presidential Citizens Medal recipients
Living people
Aztec mythology

Aztec mythology is the mythology of the Aztec civilization in Mexico. It was the basis on which they made a working and advanced society. They took some ideas from the Toltec and Mayans to create their advanced culture. Their empire lasted from the 14th century until the Spanish took over. 

The Aztecs believed the universe went through four phases. They called them suns. They believed that they lived in the fifth sun. The gods ended each sun with a huge tragedy and then created a new world. In the first sun, the world was destroyed by jaguars. In the second, the world was destroyed by a storm. In the third sun, the earth was destroyed by a fire rain. At the end of the fourth, the world was destroyed by a huge flood. They believed that the fifth sun would end with a huge earthquake.

In their religion they worshipped many gods and goddesses. They even made human sacrifices. There were three parts of the body that they considered the most powerful: the head, the heart, and the liver. 

Some gods and goddesses in Aztec mythology are Huitzilopochtli, Tezcatlipoca, and Xochiquetzal.

References 
Leonard, Scott A. "Mythology." World Book Advanced. World Book, 2014. Web.  1 Apr. 2014.
Carrasco, Davíd. "Aztec." World Book Advanced. World Book, 2014. Web.  1 Apr. 2014.

Mythology
Aztec
Malagasy language

Malagasy is an Austronesian language that is spoken in Madagascar. It is an Austronesian language. It is related to languages such as Indonesian, Javanese and Maori. That means that Malagasy is related to languages spoken in Indonesia. This is probably because immigrants from Indonesia came to Madagascar until A.D. 1400. It is the only Austronesian language spoken in Africa.

Writing 
Malagasy is written using the English alphabet, but without c, q, u, w and x. No accents or other diacritical marks are used. It was invented by David Jones as a replacement for Sorabe (a type of Arabic script). Most letters have their IPA values. However, y and i are both pronounced like /i/ and h is often silent. A few consonant digraphs (tr, dr, ts) are used.

Examples of words 
Manoa ahoana - Hello

Veloma - Goodbye

Nenibe - Grandmother

Dadabe - Grandfather

References 

 Desanker, Paul V., Peri M. Klemm, Kenneth J. Perkins, Kwesi Kwaa Prah, and Paul Tiyambe Zeleza. "Africa." World Book Advanced. World Book, 2014. Web.  1 Apr. 2014. 
 Fetter, Bruce S. "Madagascar." World Book Advanced. World Book, 2014. Web.  1 Apr. 2014.
 "Madagascar." SIRS Discoverer: Culture Facts. Sept. 16 2002: n.p. SIRS Discoverer. Web. 01 Apr. 2014.
 "Madagascar (Archive)." SIRS Discoverer: Country Facts. 2010: n.p. SIRS Discoverer. Web. 01 Apr. 2014.
 "Consonant Digraphs." First School Years. Web. 2 June 2014. <http://www.firstschoolyears.com/literacy/word/phonics/digraphs/digraphs.htm >.

Austronesian languages
Premier of the Republic of China

The President of the Executive Yuan (), commonly known as the Premier of the Republic of China (sometimes as Prime Minister) (), is the head of the Executive Yuan. The Executive Yuan is the executive branch of the government of the Republic of China (ROC). It controls Taiwan, Penghu, Matsu, and Kinmen. The premier is appointed by the President of the Republic of China.

References
Zhongzheng District

Zhongzheng District is a local government area of Taipei City, in the Republic of China. 

Many national government buildings of the Republic of China are in this district. Some are the Presidential office building, the Executive Yuan building and other government agency buildings.

This district is named after the former President of the Republic of China, Chiang Kai-shek.

References

Taipei
National Chiang Kai-shek Memorial Hall

The National Chiang Kai-shek Memorial Hall is a famous memorial in Taipei, Republic of China. It was built for the late President of the Republic of China Chiang Kai-shek. It is located in Taipei's Zhongzheng District. The monument is in a park.

There is a library and museum in the monument. It has books and artefacts about Chiang's life and the history of the Republic of China.

Gallery

References

National museums in Asia
Monuments and memorials
National Palace Museum

The National Palace Museum () is a museum in Shilin, Taipei, Republic of China. It is one of the national museums of the Republic of China. It has nearly 700,000 pieces of ancient Chinese artifacts and artworks. It is one of the largest museums in the world. Most things in the collection are high quality pieces collected by China's ancient emperors.

Gallery

References

National museums in Asia
Ride (band)

Ride were a British shoegazing band from Oxford. 

Ride was formed in 1988 by Mark Gardener, Andy Bell and Laurence Colbert. The named the band 'Ride' because of the evocation of travel and after the Ride cymbal. The band was a part of the "shoegazing" scene that happened in England during the early 1990s. They broke up in 1996 because of tension in the band. After their breakup, the former members decided to work on other projects. Andy Bell would become the bassist for Oasis. 

Their debut album Nowhere was ranked #74 on Pitchfork Media's list of Top 100 Albums of the 1990s and was also added to the book 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die. The single "Vapour Trail" was ranked #145 on Pitchfork Media's list of Top 200 Tracks of the 90s.

Discography

Albums
Nowhere (1990)
Going Blank Again (1992)Carnival of Light (1994)
Tarantula (1996)

References

Other websites
Official website 

1988 establishments in England
1996 disestablishments in England
Alternative rock bands
English rock bands
People from Oxford
Riau

Riau is a province of Indonesia. It is on the central eastern coast of Sumatra. Its capital city is Pekanbaru. Riau is rich in natural resources. It has petroleum, natural gas, rubber, and palm oil.

References 

Provinces of Indonesia
Sumatra
Pekanbaru

Pekanbaru (Jawi: ڤكنبارو) is the capital city of Riau province, Indonesia. It is the third largest city on the island of Sumatra. It has an area of 632.26 km². As of 2014 about 1,030,732 people live there. Pekanbaru has several industries. It exports palm oil, paper and crude oil. It is a very clean city. Ferry passengers from Singapore used it as a transfer point before low-cost air travel became more popular.

References 

Cities in Indonesia
1784 establishments in Asia
Establishments in Indonesia
Nash the Slash

Jeff Plewman (March 26, 1948 – May 10, 2014), better known by his stage name Nash the Slash, was a Canadian singer-songwriter and musician.  He was best known for being the founding member of the progressive rock band FM and performing with British musician Gary Numan. He was also a multi-instrumentalist who played mostly the electric violin and mandolin, as well as harmonica, keyboards, glockenspiel, and other instruments.

Nash's musical trademark was his face being covered in surgical bandages. He got the name "Nash the Slash" by using the name of the main antagonist of the Laurel and Hardy silent movie Do Detectives Think? (1927).

Nash was born in Toronto, Ontario. In 1998, he revealed that he was gay at Toronto's Pride Week. He retired in 2012.

Nash died on the weekend of May 10, 2014 at his home in Toronto, aged 66. The cause of his death was a suspected heart attack.

References

Other websites

 
 

1948 births
2014 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Canadian guitarists
Canadian LGBT people
Canadian rock musicians
Canadian singer-songwriters
Gay men
LGBT musicians
Rock singers
Singers from Toronto
Shilin District

Shilin District is a district of Taipei, Republic of China. It is a residential district, and famous residents include the late Chiang Kai-shek, former President of the Republic of China. The district is divided into 51 villages (里), which are further divided up into 987 villages (鄰).

The culture of Taipei is said to be started in Shilin district.

Education
Shilin has three universities: Ming Chuan University, Soochow University, and the Chinese Culture University. Some international schools, like the Taipei American School, Taipei Japanese School, and Taipei European School are in this district. The district is also has vocational colleges, four senior high schools, eight junior high schools, and twenty elementary schools.

References

Other websites
 Shilin District Office, Taipei City 

Taipei
Martha Hyer

Martha Hyer (August 10, 1924 – May 31, 2014) was an American movie actress. She was known for her roles in The Best of Everything (1959), Ice Palace (1960), Desire in the Dust (1960), The Carpetbaggers (1964), First Men in the Moon (1964), Blood on the Arrow (1964), The Sons of Katie Elder (1965), and The Night of the Grizzly (1966).

Hyer died in Santa Fe, New Mexico from natural causes, aged 89.

References

Other websites

1924 births
2014 deaths
Deaths from natural causes
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
Actors from Fort Worth, Texas
Mario Missiroli

Mario Missiroli (13 March 1934 – 19 May 2014) was an Italian stage, television and movie director. He was known for his works La bella di Lodi (1963), Delitto e castigo (1983) and Family Portrait (1962). He was nominated for a Silver Ribbon for his work in Family Portrait (1962).

Missiroli died in Turin, Italy from an illness, aged 80.

References

Other websites
 
 

1934 births
2014 deaths
Italian movie directors
Television directors
People from Lombardy
José Feliciano

José Montserrate Feliciano García (born September 10, 1945), better known simply as José Feliciano, is a Puerto Rican virtuoso guitarist, singer and composer. He is known for many international hits, including his remake of The Doors' "Light My Fire" and the best-selling Christmas single "Feliz Navidad".

References

Other websites

 Jose Feliciano official website
 José Feliciano singing "Che Sarà" in Italian at the San Remo Festival in 1971

Emmy Award winners
1945 births
Living people
Puerto Rican singers
Blind people
Grammy Award winners
Latin Grammy Award winners
West Coast Conference

The West Coast Conference (WCC) is a college sports conference in the western United States that sponsors many sports, but has never sponsored football. Only two of its current members have football teams.

The WCC began in 1952 when five schools in and around the San Francisco Bay Area formed the California Basketball Association. The league was then called the West Coast Athletic Conference from 1956 to 1989.

All 10 of its current members were founded by churches; seven are Catholic schools. Only Pacific, which was founded by Methodists, no longer receives money from a church.

Members 
The WCC has 10 members. All are located in West Coast states except BYU.

Associate members
The WCC has one "associate member" that plays one sport in the conference.

References

 
College athletics conferences
1952 establishments in the United States
Rye, New York

Rye is a city in Westchester County, New York, United States. Rye was a town before it became a city in 1942. The population was 15,720 at the 2010 census.

References

Cities in New York
Salustiano Sánchez

Salustiano Sanchez Blazquez (8 June 1901 – 13 September 2013) was a Spanish-born American supercentenarian.

Born in El Tejado de Bejar, Spain, on 8 June 1901 (he claimed to be born in 1902), Sanchez emigrated to Cuba at age 17 and worked as a farmer, before emigrating in 1920 to the United States where he lived until his death and worked as a coal miner. In 1934, he married Pearl Emilie Chiasera and had the son John and the daughter Irene, whom he lived with after his wife's death in 1988 to 2007 when he moved to a retirement home in Grand Island, New York, and lived there until his death at age 112 years, 97 days, and believed the secret to his long life to be one banana and one tablet of Anacin a day. At age 112, he had 7 grandchildren, 15 great-grandchildren and 5 great-great-grandchildren.

Sanchez became the oldest living man in the United States after Shelby Harris' death on 25 July 2012 and later even the oldest living man in the world after 116-year-old Japaneseman Jiroemon Kimura's death on 11 June 2013 (Kimura died on 12 June 2.08am and at that time the date in New York was still 11 June). However, it was not officially confirmed before 25 July 2013, and before that the oldest living man was believed to be Canadian-born Americanman James McCoubrey (who died just 10 weeks before Sanchez and would have turned 112 on the same day as Sanchez's death) followed by Jokichi Ikarashi (who died just 18 days after McCoubrey and was the oldest living Japanese man) and Italianman Arturo Licata, who however became the oldest living man on 13 September 2013 when Sanchez died of natural causes, and the oldest living American man became Polish-born Alexander Imich.

References

1901 births
2013 deaths
Deaths from natural causes
People from Castile and León
People from New York
Spanish supercentenarians
American supercentenarians
Abington Township, Montgomery County, Pennsylvania

Abington Township is a township in Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, United States, on the northern fringes of Philadelphia. The population was 55,310 as of the 2010 census.

References

Townships in Pennsylvania
Vigilante 8

Vigilante 8 is a vehicular combat video game published by Activision and developed by Luxoflux. It is a spinoff of the 1997 video game Interstate '76. It was released for the PlayStation, Nintendo 64, and Game Boy Color. A sequel called Vigilante 8: 2nd Offense was released in 1999.

It was released for the PlayStation on May 31, 1998 in North America, June 26, 1998 in Europe and on November 12, 1998 in Japan. It was also released for the Nintendo 64 on March 29, 1998 in North America and in March 1999 in Europe, as well as the Game Boy Color in December 1999 in North America.

Reception
IGN rated the game a 6.0 out of 10 for the Game Boy Color, 8.2 out of 10 for the Nintendo 64 and 8.0 for the PlayStation.

GameSpot gave the game a 7.5 out of 10 for the Game Boy Color, 7.9 out of 10 for the Nintendo 64 and 8.0 out of 10 for the PlayStation.

References

Other websites

1998 video games
Activision video games
Game Boy Color games
Nintendo 64 games
PlayStation games
Vehicular combat games
Kurtwood Smith

Kurtwood Larson Smith (born July 3, 1943) is an American television and movie actor. He is known for playing the main antagonist Clarence Boddicker in RoboCop and as Red Forman in That '70s Show. He is also known for his appearances in the genre of science fiction (Star Trek, The X-Files). He also starred in 24.

References

Other websites

 
 
 

1943 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
Actors from Wisconsin
New Lisbon, Wisconsin

New Lisbon (Hoocąk: Wac'hožura ) is a city in Juneau County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 2,554 at the 2010 census.

References

Cities in Wisconsin
Juneau County, Wisconsin
Ajay Devgan

Ajay Devgan (born 2 April 1969) is an Indian actor and movie producer.

Early life 
Ajay Devgan was born in Amritsar, India on April 2, 1969. He started his career in 1992 film Phool Aur Kaante. He is a Punjabi and completed his graduation in Mumbai, India. He is married to Kajol and has two children.

References 

1969 births
Living people
Indian actors
Chaparral

Chaparral is a shrubland or heathland plant community. It is found mainly in the U.S. state of California. Also in the northern portion of the Baja California peninsula, Mexico. It is caused by a Mediterranean climate (mild, wet winters and hot dry summers) and wildfire. 

A chaparral has summer drought-tolerant plants. They have hard sclerophyllous evergreen leaves. Chaparral covers 5% of the state of California. Of the associated Mediterranean shrubland, it covers an additional 3.5%. The name comes from the Spanish word chaparro, referring to scrub oaks.

There are four other chaparral regions in the world. 
parts of the Mediterranean coast, known as maquis
Central Chile, known as matorral
South African Cape, known as fynbos
South Australia, known as kwongan

Chaparral does not often have fires. These are usually at intervals from 10–15 years to over a hundred years. Mature chaparral often has dense thickets. They are highly flammable.

References 

Ecology
Margaret Dumont

Margaret Dumont (October 20, 1882 – March 6, 1965) was an American actress. Her earlier name was Daisy Juliette Baker. She acted in seven Marx Brothers movies. She played Mrs. Foster in What a Way to Go! Dumont played Harriet in Stop, You're Killing Me.

Dumont was born in Brooklyn, New York. She died of a heart attack, age eighty-two, in Hollywood, California.

References

American television actors
American movie actors
Actors from New York
1882 births
1965 deaths
Linda Darnell

Monetta Eloyse Darnall (also Linda Darnell; October 16, 1923 – April 10, 1965) was an American actress. She was a model as a child. She played Amber in the movie Forever Amber. She also played Daphne in Unfaithfully Yours.

Darnell was born in Dallas, Texas. She died from fire-related burns in Glenview, Illinois.

American movie actors
Actors from Texas
1923 births
1965 deaths
Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies

Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies was the first King of the united Kingdom of the Two Siclies. The Kingdom was created on 12 December 1816 having united the separate crown of Naples and Sicily. He was a member of the House of Bourbon. Before that he had been, since 1759, Ferdinando IV of the Kingdom of Naples and Ferdinando III of the Kingdom of Sicily. He was deposed twice from the throne of Naples. The first time by the French revolutionary armies in 1799 and again by Napoleon Bonaparte in 1806.

Titles and styles
12 January 1751 – 10 August 1759 His Royal Highness Prince Ferdinando of Naples and Sicily, Infante of Spain
10 August 1759 – 12 December 1816 His Majesty The King of Naples and Sicily
23 January 1799 – 13 June 1799 Titular King of Naples
30 March 1806 – 22 May 1815 Titular King of Naples
12 December 1816 – 4 January 1825 His Majesty The King of the Two Sicilies

Family 
In 1768 he married Maria Carolina of Austria. They had the following children:
 Maria Theresa of Naples and Sicily (1772–1807). She married Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor.
 Princess Luisa of Naples and Sicily (1773–1802).
 Carlo, Duke of Calabria (1775–1778).
 Maria Anna of Naples and Sicily ("Mariana", 1775–1780).
 Francis I of the Two Sicilies (1777–1830), King of the Two Sicilies.
 Maria Cristina of Naples and Sicily ("Mimi", 1779–1849), later Queen of Sardinia.
 Prince Gennaro of Naples and Sicily, ("Carlo", 1780–1789).
 Prince Giuseppe of Naples and Sicily (1781–1783).
 Maria Amalia of Naples and Sicily ("Amélie", 1782–1866), Queen of the French.
 Princess Maria Antonia of Naples and Sicily ("Toto", 1784–1806). 
 Maria Clotilde of Naples and Sicily ("Clotilda", (1786–1792).
 Maria Henrietta of Naples and Sicily ("Enrichetta", 1787–1792).
 Gennaro (1788–1789).
 Leopold, Prince of Salerno ("Leopoldo", 1790–1851).
 Prince Alberto of Naples and Sicily ("Alberto", 1792–1798).
 Maria Isabelle of Naples and Sicily ("Isabella", 1793–1801).

References 

1751 births
1825 deaths
Bourbons of Naples and Sicily
Judy Holliday

Judith Tuvim (later Judy Holliday; June 21, 1921 – June 7, 1965) was an American actress. She acted on the stage and in movies. In Born Yesterday (both stage and movie versions), she played Billie Dawn. She received an Academy Award for Best Actress and a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress for this performance. She won a Tony Award for her performance in Bells are Ringing.

Holliday was born in New York City. She also died there from throat cancer, age 43.

References 

American stage actors
American movie actors
Actors from New York City
1921 births
1965 deaths
R/K selection theory

r/K selection theory describes the way a species controls its number of offspring. 

r-selection species produce many offspring. K-selected species focus on a few. Neither method is in itself superior, and they may occur in the same habitat; e.g., rodents (r-selection) and elephants (K-selection). 

The theory was popular in the 1970s and 1980s, but several studies criticized it. The study of life histories has replaced the r/K selection paradigm.

The terminology of r/K-selection was coined by the ecologists Robert MacArthur and E.O. Wilson, based on their work on island biogeography. Study of the evolution of life history strategies actually has a longer history.

References 

Ecology
Reuven Rivlin

Reuven Rivlin (born 9 September 1939) was the 10th President of Israel from 2014 until 2021.

Rivlin was born in Jerusalem when it was part of British Mandatory Palestine. Before entering politics he was a lawyer. He was elected to the Jerusalem City Council in 1978. Rivlin worked for El Al Airlines serving on the executive council from 1981 to 1986. He was a member of the Knesset, the parliament of Israel, for many years, elected first in 1988. He was also speaker of the Knesset and minister of Communications of Israel. On 10th of June 2014 he won elections for the post of President of Israel. 

Rivlin was married to Nechama Rivlin and has four children.

References

1939 births
Living people
Former Members of Knesset
Government ministers of Israel
Israeli lawyers
Jewish Israeli politicians
Jewish lawyers
Knesset speakers
Likud politicians
People from Jerusalem
Presidents of Israel
Marjane Satrapi

Marjane Satrapi is a writer and artist. She was born on November 22, 1969 in Rasht, Iran. She lives in Paris, France. Satrapi writes comics about her life. She draws the pictures herself. She also draws pictures for other children’s books.

Education and Early Life 
She was the only child of Marxist parents.

Satrapi’s parents were educated, and taught Satrapi to think for herself. She went to high school at Lycee Francais in Tehran, Iran. When she was 14, Satrapi’s parents sent her to Vienna, Austria to learn in a freer country. When Satrapi was 19, she moved back to Iran to study decorative arts at the Tehran School of Fine Arts. The change from the western world to Iran was difficult for her. In 1994, Satrapi moved to Strasbourg, France to study art for 3 years. She now lives in Paris, France.

Beliefs 
Satrapi thinks countries should not spend money on weapons. She thinks they should spend money for kids to go to school in different countries. She thinks that studying in different countries helps people understand each other better.

In RandomHouse.com, Satrapi said, "I believe there are ways to solve the world's problems. Instead of putting all this money to create arms, I think countries should invest in scholarships for kids to study abroad [other countries]. Perhaps they could become good and knowledgeable professors in their own countries. You need time for that kind of change, though."

Writing and the War 
Iran's Islamic Revolution against the Shah, the country’s dictator, started in 1979.  Satrapi’s uncle was put in prison by the Shah, then murdered by people who supported the war.

Satrapi wrote a popular series of comics called Persepolis. Persepolis: The Story of a Childhood, tells about Satrapi's life, the discrimination she faced, and moving to Europe.  She later wrote a sequel to Persepolis that talked about how she was treated badly for years when she went back to Iran.

Satrapi’s most famous book is called Persepolis.

Persepolis is the old Persian capital. The comic book is about Satrapi’s childhood in Iran during the war. This time was when country wanted to end the Shah’s cruel rule. She has written three comic books relating to her life. The first and second are about her childhood. The third is about her study in different countries. She is planning to write a fourth book about her return to Iran.

Awards 
- Prix Alph'art Coup de Coeur for beginning comic artist award for Persepolis-- 2001

- Prix du Lion for Persepolis-- 2001

- Prix France Info for best news comic strip for Persepolis-- 2002

- Prix Alph'art for best script for Persepolis Tome 2—2002

- Fernando Buesa Blanco peace prize for Persepolis—2003

- Prix d'Angouleme for best book of the year for Chicken and Plums—2005

References

 Trickey, Erick. "Marjane Satrapi." Newsmakers. Detroit: Gale, 2006. Biography in Context. Web. 12 May 2014.
 "Marjane Satrapi." Random House. Web. 15 May 2014. <http://www.randomhouse.com/author/43801/marjane-satrapi?sort=best_13wk_3month>.
 "Marjane Satrapi." Authors and Artists for Young Adults. Vol. 55. Detroit: Gale, 2004.Biography in Context. Web. 12 May 2014.

1969 births
Iranian writers
Living people