cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Henry Wilcoxon

Henry Wilcoxon (8 September 1905 – 6 March 1984) was an Dominican-English silent movie actor. He was born in Roseau, Dominica. He was known for his role as Bishop Pickering in Caddyshack. He is also known for appearing as a leading man in Cecil B. DeMille's movies.

Wilcoxon died in Los Angeles, California from cancer and heart failure, aged 78.

Other websites

1905 births
1984 deaths
British silent movie actors
Cancer deaths in the United States
Cardiovascular disease deaths in the United States
Deaths from heart failure
English movie actors
English stage actors
Richard Jeni

Richard John Colangelo (April 14, 1957 – March 10, 2007), better known as Richard Jeni, was an American stand-up comedian and actor. He was known for his role in The Mask and in Platypus Man. He was born in Brooklyn, New York City.

Jeni committed suicide by shooting himself at his Los Angeles, California after suffering from depression for two months. He was 49 years old.

References

Other websites

 
 
 

1957 births
2007 deaths
Actors who committed suicide
American movie actors
American television actors
Comedians from New York City
Comedians who committed suicide

Suicides by firearm in the United States
Benson, Arizona

Benson is a city in Cochise County, Arizona.

Cities in Arizona
Benson, New York

Benson is a town in Hamilton County, New York.

References

Towns in New York
Douglas Kenney

Douglas C. "Doug" Kenney (December 10, 1946 – August 27, 1980) was an American writer and actor. He was born in Palm Beach, Florida. He was one of the co-founders of National Lampoon magazine, along with Henry Beard and Robert Hoffman. Kenney collaborated with Beard at the Harvard Lampoon, which they wrote for while they went to the namesake college. They both co-wrote the satirical novel Bored of the Rings. Afterwards, they went to make a nationwide version of the magazine christened, The National Lampoon. The magazine spun off into a radio show, a TV special, albums and films—which he also wrote for.

He co-wrote the National Lampoon's Animal House, which he also had an extended cameo in as "The Stork". After the success of Animal House, he produced and wrote Caddyshack--which he also had a nameless cameo in. He had a bit part in the 1977 film Between the Line.

Kenney died after falling from a thirty-foot cliff in Kauai, Hawaii. He was 33 years old. Kenney's death was ruled as "accidental".

References

Other websites
 

1946 births
1980 deaths
Accidental deaths from falls
American movie actors
American movie producers
American screenwriters
Writers from Florida
Actors from Florida
Mimi Kok

Maria Christina "Mimi" Kok (25 January 1934 – 19 April 2014) was a Dutch actress. She was best known for her work with entertainer Wim T. Schippers. She appeared in the movies Paranoia (1967), Red Sien (1975) and Han de Wit (1990). She was born in Amsterdam, North Holland.

Kok died from a lung disease on 19 April 2014 in Amsterdam. She was 80.

References

Other websites

 

1934 births
2014 deaths
Deaths from lung disease
Disease-related deaths in the Netherlands
Dutch movie actors
Dutch stage actors
Dutch television actors
People from Amsterdam
Win Tin

Win Tin (, ; 12 March 1930 – 21 April 2014) was a Burmese politician and political prisoner. He was arrested in July 1989 because of his senior position in the National League for Democracy (NLD). For his writings, he spent 19 years in prison. He was born Kyopinkauk, Pegu Division, British Burma.

Tin died from renal failure on 21 April 2014 in Yangon, aged 84.

References

Other websites

1930 births
2014 deaths
Burmese people
Deaths from renal failure
Asian politicians
Prisoners
Penny Arcade Expo

PAX (originally named Penny Arcade Expo) is a series of gaming festivals. It is held in Seattle, Washington (PAX Prime, PAX Dev), Boston, Massachusetts (PAX East), San Antonio, Texas (PAX South), and Melbourne, Victoria (PAX Australia). The festival was created by Penny Arcade authors Jerry Holkins and Mike Krahulik in 2004. They created it because they wanted to attend a show that would give equal attention to console gamers, computer gamers, and tabletop gamers. Since its creation, the event has grown to become very popular; it is widely considered one of the most important events to the video gaming community.

References

Other websites
 Official website

Video game events
2004 establishments in the United States
Data science

Data science is the study of the extraction of knowledge from data. It uses various techniques from many fields, including signal processing, mathematics, probability, machine learning, computer programming, statistics, data engineering, pattern matching, and data visualization, with the goal of extracting useful knowledge from the data. With computer systems able to handle more data, big data is an important aspect of data science.

A person that does data science is called a data scientist. Data scientists solve complicated data problems using mathematics, statistics and computer science, although very good skill in these subjects are not required. However, a data scientist is most likely to be an expert in only one or two of these disciplines, meaning that cross disciplinary teams can be a key component of data science.

Good data scientists are able to apply their skills to achieve many kinds of purposes. Their skills and competencies vary widely.

References 

Computer science
Statistics
Benedikt Sarnov

Benedikt Mikhailovich Sarnov (; 4 January 1927 – 20 April 2014) was a Russian literary critic, historian of Soviet literature, and writer. He graduated from Gorky Institute of World Literature in 1951. He became a member of Union of Soviet Writers in 1960. He was born in Moscow, Russian SFSR of the Soviet Union.

Sarnov died on 20 April 2014 in Moscow, aged 87.

References

Other websites
 Benedikt Sarnov at the Wilson Center website

1927 births
2014 deaths
Critics
Disease-related deaths in Russia
Russian historians
Writers from Moscow
Walter Munk

Walter Heinrich Munk (October 19, 1917 – February 8, 2019) was an Austrian-born American physical oceanographer. He was professor of geophysics emeritus and held the Secretary of the Navy/Chief of Naval Operations Oceanography Chair at Scripps Institution of Oceanography. He has won awards such as Alexander Agassiz Medal (1977), National Medal of Science (1985), William Bowie Medal (1989), Vetlesen Prize (1993), Kyoto Prize (1999) and Crafoord Prize (2010).

Munk was born in Vienna, Austria-Hungary to a Jewish family. He was sent to a boys' preparatory school in upper New York state in 1932.

Munk turned 100 in October 2017. He died on February 8, 2019, at La Jolla, California. He was 101.

References

Other websites

 Walter Munk at National Academy of Sciences website

1917 births
2019 deaths
American centenarians
American Jews
Oceanographers
Scientists from Vienna
Scientists from New York
Ardingly

Ardingly is a village in the borough of Mid Sussex in the county of West Sussex. About 1,900 people live in Ardingly. Its postcode is RH17.

Villages in West Sussex
Villages in England
Mid Sussex

Mid Sussex is a borough created on 1 April 1974. About 145,000 people live there. It is in West Sussex in South East England. 

1974 establishments in England
English boroughs
West Sussex
Alexander Lenkov

Alexander Sergeyevich Lenkov (17 May 1943 – 21 April 2014) was a Russian actor. He was best known for winning the People's Artist of Russia in 1997. He was born Rasskazovo, Tambov Oblast, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union.

Lenkov died from a long illness on 21 April 2014 in Moscow, aged 70.

References

Other websites

1943 births
2014 deaths
Disease-related deaths in Russia
Russian movie actors
Russian stage actors
Russian television actors
Henry Maksoud

Henry Maksoud (8 March 1929 – 17 April 2014) was a Brazilian businessman. He got the title of Master of Science in Fluid Mechanics from the University of Iowa in the United States. He was the owner of the five-star hotel Maksoud Plaza in São Paulo. He was also the owner of the magazine Visão. He was Chairman of the Engineering Institute of São Paulo from 1967 to 1968.

Maksoud was born in Aquidauana, Mato Grosso do Sul.

Maksoud died after having a cardiac arrest on 17 April 2014 in São Paulo. He was 85.

References

Other websites
 Profile  at University of Iowa, College of Engineering

1929 births
2014 deaths
Brazilian businesspeople
Deaths from cardiac arrest
Disease-related deaths in Brazil
Wendell Young

Wendell Edward Young (born August 1, 1963) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey goaltender. He is currently the general manager of the Chicago Wolves of the American Hockey League.

Playing career

Young played for the Vancouver Canucks, Philadelphia Flyers, Pittsburgh Penguins and Tampa Bay Lightning in the National Hockey League. Young is the only hockey player to have won a Memorial Cup (in 1982 with the Kitchener Rangers), a Calder Cup (with the 1988 Hershey Bears), a Turner Cup (with the 1998 and 2000 Chicago Wolves), and a Stanley Cup (with the 1991 and 1992 Penguins).  He also has 2 Robertson Cups with the Kitchener Rangers as Ontario Hockey League Champions in 1981 and 1982.

Other websites

1963 births
American Hockey League players
Canadian ice hockey goaltenders
Ice hockey people from Nova Scotia
International Hockey League (1945–2001) players
Living people
Memorial Cup winners
Ontario Hockey League players
Philadelphia Flyers players
Pittsburgh Penguins players
Stanley Cup champions
Tampa Bay Lightning players
Vancouver Canucks players
Central Professional Hockey League players
Katwijk

Katwijk is a town in the Netherlands. It is near the coast of the North Sea. It is about 16 kilometers north from The Hague. There are 62,825 people living in Katwijk. 

The town is very popular with tourists, especially those from Germany. Some of the most popular tourist attractions of Katwijk are the beach, several museums and galleries of fine art, a railway museum, and some museums of local and regional history. Near Katwijk are the headquarters of the European space organisation ESA with its space travel museum Space Expo (on the town's borders), Duinrell in Wassenaar and Keukenhof in Lisse.

Katwijk is known for its wide-spread graffiti culture. Several legal graffiti places can be found in the town. Graffiti-related activities are often organised, for example covering the local lighthouse with graffiti.

On 1 January 2006, Rijnsburg and Valkenburg were merged into the municipality of Katwijk.

Gallery 

 
Settlements in South Holland
Chris Hadfield

Chris Austin Hadfield, OOnt CD, (born August 29, 1959) is a Canadian retired astronaut. He was the first Canadian to walk in space. He has flown on two space shuttle missions and has also served as commander of the International Space Station which made him the first Canadian to serve as commander of the International Space Station when he lead Expedition 35 after launch on 19 December 2012. He was previously a Royal Canadian Air Force fighter pilot.

Forbes described Hadfield as "perhaps the most social media savvy astronaut ever to leave Earth" with an audience all over the internet including over 2,000,000 Twitter followers, over 600,000 Facebook fans, one of the top Reddit AmA threads of all time and a popular Tumblr blog.

Hadfield wrote a memoir titled An Astronaut's Guide to Life on Earth and published it in 2013. The book became a New York Times bestseller and was the bestselling book in Canada on a Canadian subject.

References

Other websites
Official website
Chris Hadfield at NASA.gov

1959 births
Canadian astronauts
Canadian military people
Living people
People from Ontario
Celebrity Skin

Celebrity Skin is the third studio album by Hole. It was released on September 8, 1998 on Geffen Records. Three singles were released from the album. The album was given good reviews by music critics.

References

1998 albums
Hole (band) albums
Gayle Rubin

Gayle S. Rubin (born January 1 1949) is an American cultural anthropologist. She is an Associate Professor of Anthropology and Women's Studies at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor.

Rubin grew up Jewish in the Southern United States. In 1978, she moved to San Francisco. On June 13 of that year Rubin started the first known lesbian SM group, Samois. In May 1983, the group broke up.

In 1994, Rubin completed her PhD in anthropology at the University of Michigan. She has been an associate professor of anthropology, women's studies and comparative literature since 2004.

References 

1949 births
Living people
American feminists
Jewish American academics
Jewish American LGBT people
Jewish American scientists
Jewish American writers
Jewish feminists
Lesbian feminists
Lesbian Jews
Educators from Michigan
Educators from San Francisco
Writers from San Francisco
Writers from Michigan
Petah Tikva

Petah Tikva, is a city in western Israel. Hebrew: פתח תקווה , Arab: بتاح تكفا , meaning opening of hope, other spellings: Petah Tiqwa (official) and Petach Tikvah (unofficial), is a city in the Central District of Israel. It is 11 km east from Tel Aviv and belongs to the Tel Aviv Metropolitan Area. About 231,000 people were living there in 2015, making it the fifth-largest city of the country. About 70,000 of them are Orthodox Jews.

European Orthodox Jews established the settlement in 1878 and named it Petah Tikva after a prophecy of Hosea. Because of this, it is the oldest agricultural settlement erected by Zionist Jews in the 19th century and therefore nicknamed Em HaMoshavot, meaning mother of the moshavot. The new settlement was attacked by raiders in 1886, a few guards volunteered to keep it safe from raiders, in total the settlement had six guards, the last and most famous out of them is Avraham Shapira, his original house stand til this day intact. It obtained city status in 1937.

The city is low-lying. The Yarkon River flows north of Petah Tikva.

Petah Tikva comes second in a list of cities in Israel industrial activities. Many high-tech and communications companies have their headquarters here. The city used to be surrounded by a lot of citrus plantations but due to urban expansion this is no longer the case.

The city has about 300 synagogues, the same number of educational institutions, and six hospitals, among them the Rabin Medical Center.

Several highways are close by, like Highway 4 in the west, Trans-Samaria Highway in the north, and Trans-Israel Highway in the east.

Yarkon Cemetery is in Petah Tikva and is the most important cemetery of the Tel Aviv Metropolitan Area.

Well-known people 
 Amnon Krauz (b. 1952), swimmer
 Uri Orbach (1960-2015), children's writer, journalist and politician
 Pnina Rosenblum (b. 1954), business woman and politician
 Mordechai Tzipori (1924-2017), general and politician

Other websites 

  

1878 establishments
 
Establishments in Israel
1870s establishments in Asia
Game of Thrones

{{Infobox television
| name                     = Game of Thrones
| image                    = Game of Thrones 2011 logo.svg
| image_alt                = Logo of Game of Thrones 
| genre                    = 
| creator                  = 
| based_on                 = 
| starring                 = 
(See full cast list)| theme_music_composer     = Ramin Djawadi
| opentheme                = "Main Title"
| composer                 = Ramin Djawadi
| country                  = United States
| language                 = English
| num_seasons              = 8
| num_episodes             = 73
| list_episodes            = List of Game of Thrones episodes
| executive_producer       = 
| producer                 = 
| location                 = 
| runtime                  = 50–82 minutes 
| company                  = 
| distributor              = Warner Bros. Television Studios
| picture_format           = HDTV 1080i
| audio_format             = Dolby Digital 5.1
| first_aired              = 
| last_aired               = 
| related                  = 
| website                  = https://www.hbo.com/game-of-thrones
| production_website       = http://www.makinggameofthrones.com/
| channel                  = HBO
}}Game of Thrones  is an American fantasy drama television series, based on George R. R. Martin's book series A Song of Ice and Fire''. The first episode was shown on April 17, 2011 on Home Box Office. There are eight seasons in total as of 2019. The first season was nominated for thirteen Emmy Awards, including Outstanding Drama Series and won two of them. The series focuses on various kings and queens in two continents called Westeros and Essos. Many of the successors to the throne fight for power. The series is praised for human sexuality and story line.

Plot
The plot revolves around two continents namely, Westeros (the western continent) and Essos (the eastern continent). Noble families of Westeros fight amongst themselves to gain the Iron Throne. And, meanwhile an old enemy which has been dormant for ages is rising again.

Cast

Books 
 A Game Of Thrones
 A Clash Of Kings
 A Storm of Swords
 A Feast For The Crows

References

Other websites 

2010s American television series
2011 American television series debuts
American fantasy television series
Emmy Award winning programs
HBO television series
Incest in fiction
Screen Actors Guild Award winners
Television series about families
English-language television programs
2012–13 Chicago Blackhawks season

The 2012–13 Chicago Blackhawks season was the team's 87th season in the National Hockey League (NHL). The season was shortened to a 48 games instead of the usual 82 games because of the 2012–13 NHL lockout. The team won the Western Conference championship. They defeated the Boston Bruins 4 games to 2 in the 2013 Stanley Cup Finals to win their 5th Stanley Cup in franchise history. Patrick Kane won the Conn Smythe Trophy for being the Most Valuable Player of the playoffs.

Regular season

Playoffs

References 

2012 in ice hockey
2013 in ice hockey
National Hockey League team seasons
2012 in the United States
2013 in the United States
2010s in Chicago
Theodore Hesburgh

The Rev. Theodore Martin Hesburgh, CSC, STD (May 25, 1917 - February 26, 2015) is an American priest of the Congregation of Holy Cross. He is also the President Emeritus of the University of Notre Dame. He is the namesake for TIAA-CREF's Hesburgh Award.

References

Other websites
 Biography from the University of Notre Dame
 

1917 births
Educators from New York
American Roman Catholics
People from Syracuse, New York
Roman Catholic priests
2015 deaths
C. Delores Tucker

Cynthia Delores Tucker was an African-American politician. She was known for her civil rights activism and for being against gangsta rap music. She died when she was 78 on October 12, 2005. 

In 1971, Tucker became the first black female United States Secretary of State. In 1990 she started the African-American Women for Reproductive Freedom with 15 other African American women and men. In 1996 Tucker was chosen by People magazine as one of "25 of the Most Intriguing People in the World" .

Tucker started Vital Issues: The Journal of African American Speeches.

1927 births
2005 deaths
African American politicians
American civil rights activists
William Usery Jr.

Willie Julian Usery, Jr. (December 21, 1923 – December 10, 2016) was an American labor union activist and U.S. government politician. He served as United States Secretary of Labor in the Ford administration from 1976 until 1977.

Usery, Jr., died on December 10, 2016 in Eatonton, Georgia from heart failure, aged 92.

References

Other websites

1923 births
2016 deaths
Deaths from heart failure
United States Secretaries of Labor
American activists
Politicians from Georgia (U.S. state)
US Republican Party politicians
Herb Gray

The Right Honourable Herbert Eser "Herb" Gray  (May 25, 1931 – April 21, 2014) was a Canadian politician and lawyer. He was a cabinet minister and served under three prime ministers. He was the Deputy Prime Minister of Canada from 1997 until 2002, when Jean Chrétien was Prime Minister. He was also Canada's first Jewish federal cabinet minister.

Gray was born in Windsor, Ontario. He was married to Sharon Sholzberg and had two children.

Gray died on April 21, 2014 at a hospital in Ottawa, Ontario, aged 82.

References

Other websites

 

1931 births
2014 deaths
Canadian Jews
Canadian lawyers
Politicians from Ontario
Disease-related deaths in Canada
Jewish politicians
Order of Canada
Privy Councillors (Canada)
Deputy Prime Ministers of Canada
Leaders of the Opposition (Canada)
Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Ontario
Janet Gray Hayes

Janet Gray Hayes (née Frazee; July 12, 1926 – April 21, 2014) was an American politician. She was the Mayor of San Jose, California from 1975 until 1983. She was both the first woman to be elected as the Mayor of San Jose, and the first woman elected mayor of any major city in the United States. She was born in Rushville, Indiana.

Hayes died from a stroke on April 21, 2014 in Saratoga, California. She was 87.

References

Other websites
 Janet Gray Hayes at the Online Archive of California

1926 births
2014 deaths
American mayors
Cardiovascular disease deaths in the United States
Deaths from stroke
Politicians from California
Politicians from Indiana
Saratoga, California

Saratoga is a city in Santa Clara County, California, United States. As of 2010, 29,926 people lived in Saratoga.

Cities in California
Settlements in Santa Clara County, California
Cities in the San Francisco Bay Area
Miss Elizabeth

Elizabeth Ann Hulette (November 19, 1960 – May 1, 2003) was an American professional wrestling manager. She is best known for her time in the World Wrestling Federation (WWF) from the mid-1980s to the early 1990s as well as her time in World Championship Wrestling (WCW) in mid-1990s. She is better known under her ring name Miss Elizabeth.

She was known for managing "Macho Man" Randy Savage who she was also married to from December 1984 to 1992. Later on, she began dating Lex Luger. They were planning on getting married. On April 19, 2003, she was involved in a domestic dispute with Luger where he allegedly hit her in the garage of their townhouse in Marietta, Georgia. The Cobb County police found her with two bruised eyes, a bump on her head, and a cut lip.

On May 1, 2003, Luger called 9-1-1 because Hulette was not breathing. After Hulette did not respond to mouth-to-mouth resuscitation, the paramedics rushed to their townhouse but they pronounced her dead. It was later announced by a medical examiner that Hulette had died from "acute toxicity" which was brought on by a mix of painkillers and vodka.

Awards
World Wrestling Federation/World Wrestling Entertainment
Slammy Award for Woman of the Year (1987)

References

Other websites
WWE profile

1960 births
2003 deaths
Drug-related deaths in the United States
Female professional wrestlers
Sportspeople from Louisville, Kentucky
WWE people
Mimivirus

Mimivirus is an extra-large virus. It was discovered in 1992.

APMV was found accidentally inside the amoeba Acanthamoeba polyphaga. The virus was seen in a gram stain and mistakenly thought to be a gram-positive bacterium.

It is either a viral genus with a single species, Acanthamoeba polyphaga mimivirus (APMV), or it is a group of phylogenetically-related large viruses (MimiN). 

In speech, APMV is usually referred to as "mimivirus". Until October 2011, when an even larger virus Megavirus chilensis was described, it was the largest (capsid diameter) of all known viruses.  

Mimivirus has a large and complex genome compared with most other viruses. Mimivirus, short for "mimicking microbe", is so called for its large size and Gram-staining properties.

References 

Giant viruses
CocoRosie

CocoRosie is an American folk band. The members are sisters Bianca "Coco" and Sierra "Rosie" Casady. They have released five studio albums. These are La maison de mon rêve, Noah's Ark, The Adventures of Ghosthorse and Stillborn, Grey Oceans, and Tales of a GrassWidow. CocoRosie have also composed two film scores.

Sierra Casady was born in Iowa. Bianca was born in Hawaii. The girls lived with their mother when they were children. They moved to new towns almost every year. Sierra left home when she was around 14. She is a classically trained soprano.

References

Musical groups established in 2003
2000s American music groups
2010s American music groups
Folk music groups
Assem Allam

Assem Allam () is an Egyptian businessman based in the East Riding of Yorkshire.

He is the owner of Allam Marine, a company that makes generators. He is also the owner of the Championship football team, Hull City.

In 2006, he was named the UK Entrepreneur of the Year by Ernst & Young.

References

Egyptian people
Living people
1939 births
Association football
Egyptian businesspeople
Dune 2000

Dune 2000 is a real-time strategy game released by Westwood Studios. It based on Frank Herbert's Dune. It uses a similar game engine to Command & Conquer: Red Alert.

Houses 

Like in Dune II, the three main playable housess are House Atreides, House Harkonnen and House Ordos.

1998 video games
Megavirus

Megavirus is a virus with a single identified species, Megavirus chilensis (MGVC). It is phylogenetically related to or Mimivirus (APMV). 

MGVC is usually referred to as just “Megavirus”. Until the discovery of pandoraviruses in 2013 it had the largest capsid diameter of all known viruses, and the largest and most complex genome among all known viruses.

References 

Giant viruses
Pandoravirus

Pandoravirus is a genus of very large viruses. They have the largest genomes of any viral genus. Like the other large viruses Mimivirus, Pithovirus and Megavirus, Pandoravirus infects amoebas. Its genome, with 1.9 to 2.5 megabases of DNA, is twice as large as that of Megavirus. It differs greatly from the other large viruses in appearance and in genome structure.

Although the capsid of Pithovirus is 50% larger in size, Pandoravirus has the largest genome of all viruses (2.5 million base pairs).

About 93% of Pandoravirus genes are not known from any other microbes. This led some scientists to suggest the virus belongs to a "fourth domain", aside from Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukaryotes. Viruses as a whole are not considered to be within these three domains, but they have been proposed as one in the past by some biologists.

References 

Giant viruses
Calf roping

Calf roping is a sport where a person chases a calf on horseback. The person ropes the calf, then jumps off their horse and ties the calf's one front foot and two hind feet with a "piggin' rope". Then they must give the calf some slack and the rope must stay tied for 6 seconds.

Calf roping started with cowboys. They had to rope and tie down calves to brand them and doctor them.

Equestrian sports
Ryan Hunter-Reay

Ryan Hunter-Reay (born December 17, 1980) is an American racecar driver from Fort Lauderdale, Florida. He races in the IndyCar Series where he won the 2012 IndyCar championship. He is considered one of the highest ranked racecar drivers. Hunter-Reay won his first race in 2003 and has won a total 11 races, including three straight in 2012. His mother died of cancer and Hunter Reay is the major spokesman for Livestrong, a role he took over from Lance Armstrong after the cyclist's doping controversy. He is married and has a son. He lives in Florida. In 2014, he won the Indianapolis 500.

References 

1980 births
Living people
People from Fort Lauderdale, Florida
Racecar drivers
Pithovirus

Pithovirus is a genus of giant virus which infects  amoebae.  It is a double-stranded DNA virus, and is a member of the clade of large DNA viruses. It was first described in 2014 after a viable specimen was found in a 30,000-year-old ice core harvested from permafrost in Siberia, Russia.

It is 50% larger in size than the previous largest known viruses, but Pandoravirus has the largest viral genome, containing 1.9 to 2.5 megabases of DNA.
Pithovirus has a thick, oval wall with an opening at one end.  Internally, its structure resembles a honeycomb.

Its genome 
The genome of Pithovirus has 467 different genes, more than a typical virus but far less than Pandoravirus. Its genome is much less densely packed than any other known virus. Two-thirds of its proteins are unlike those of other viruses. Despite the physical similarity with Pandoravirus, the Pithovirus genome sequence shows that it is barely related to that virus. It more closely resembles members of some other virus families. These families all contain large icosahedral viruses with DNA genomes. The Pithovirus genome has 36% GC-content, similar to the Megaviridae, in contrast to greater than 61% for pandoraviruses.

Replication 
The Pithovirus''' genome is one circular, double stranded DNA (dsDNA) chromosome of about 610,000 base pairs (bp.) Its DNA translate into 467 different proteins. The genome encodes all the proteins needed to produce mRNA; these proteins are present in the purified virions.Pithovirus does its entire replication cycle in its host's cytoplasm, not the more typical method of taking over the host's nucleus.

DiscoveryPithovirus sibericum'' was discovered in a 30,000-year-old sample of Siberian permafrost.  The virus was discovered buried  below the surface of a late Pleistocene sediment. It was found when riverbank samples collected in 2000 were exposed to amoebae. The amoebas started dying and were found to contain giant viruses. The authors said they got the idea to probe permafrost samples for new viruses after reading about an experiment that revived a similar aged seed two years earlier.

Although the virus is harmless to humans, its viability after being frozen for millennia raised concerns that global climate change and tundra drilling operations could lead to potentially dangerous viruses being unearthed. Other scientists deny that this poses a real threat.

References 

Giant viruses
Thanksgiving (United States)

Thanksgiving is a holiday celebrated once a year on the fourth Thursday of November.

History  

In 1620 the Mayflower brought the Pilgrims to Massachusetts.  They made their new home in what is now Plymouth, Massachusetts, 380 km northeast of what is now New York. 

Half of the Pilgrims died during their first winter in North America. They were cold and did not have enough food. The following year, though, the Native Americans, who were from the Wampanoag tribe, helped them grow crops. At harvest time in the autumn of 1621 they were very thankful that they had a good crop of food to eat during the coming winter. They thanked God and the Native Americans for teaching them how to grow the local foods.

They invited three of the Wampanoags who had helped them to their feast. They were Squanto, Samoset, and Chief Massasoit. The Wampanoags brought their families. This was over 90 people. There were so many people that the Pilgrims did not have enough food to make the meal, so the Wampanoags brought along their own food for the feast.

The Wampanoags brought turkey, duck, fish, deer, berries, squash, and cornbread. They also brought vegetables that they had farmed and shown the Pilgrims how to care for.

Thanksgiving today 

In the United States, the Thanksgiving holiday is a four-day holiday over a weekend, starting on Thanksgiving Thursday and ending on Sunday. Families and friends usually eat a special meal together (usually with a turkey as the main dish). This meal also usually includes mashed potatoes, cranberry sauce, pumpkin pie, several casseroles, and stuffing. The food eaten today for Thanksgiving is very different from the food that was eaten at the First Thanksgiving in 1621.

Related pages 
 Thanksgiving
 Black Friday

Thanksgiving
Old St Paul's Cathedral

Old Saint Paul's Cathedral was the medieval cathedral of the City of London. It was one of the largest churches in northern Europe. It was started in 1087, under William the Conqueror, after a fire destroyed the old cathedral in the same year. It was not complete until 1314. In 1666, it burned down in the Great Fire of London. After that, Christopher Wren built a new cathedral on the same site.

Cathedrals in England
Sam & Cat

Sam & Cat is an American television show that started on June 8, 2013 on Nickelodeon. It is a crossover/spin-off of the shows Victorious and iCarly. The girls meet and move in together as babysitters.

The show was announced on November 29, 2012. It began production in January 2013. On March 13, 2014 news came for a second season. Other news says there has been no choice.

On July 13, 2014, the series was cancelled due to problems with the starrings (McCurdy and Grande).

Summary
Sam Puckett has been driving around on her motorcycle. She sees a girl thrown into a garbage truck. Sam saves Cat and they become friends. They move to Cat's house because Nona moved away. They become babysitters to get money. Their friends include Goomer and Dice.

Characters

Main
 Jennette McCurdy as Sam Puckett
 Ariana Grande as Cat Valentine
 Cameron Ocasio as Dice.
 Maree Cheatham as Nona

Secondary
 Zoran Korach as Goomer
 Griffin Kane and Emily Skinner as Max and Chloe
 Sophia Grace & Rosie as Ruby and Gwen They also were in #RevengeOfTheBritBrats where they return and drive a wedge between Sam and Cat.
 Dan Schneider as the voice of Tandy
 Lisa Lillien as the voice of Bungle
 Ronnie Clark as Herb
 Ryan P. Shrime as Yokvish

Minor
 River Alexander as Dilben
 Ben Giroux as Jeff Du Shell
 Tyler Michael Brown and Rashaan Smith as Bob and Ethan
 Jake Brennan as Butler Torso
 Susan Huckle as Debbie Torso
 Jack DeSena as Host of Texting Competition
 Aubrey K. Miller as Ellie

Episodes

Production
On August 3, 2012 the show was announced. On November 29, 2012 it got picked up to start in 2013 Production began in January 2013. On July 11, 2013 twenty more episodes were added. Filming began on September 14, 2013. The show first was to start on March 23, 2013. It was moved to the fall and then to June 2013. It finally started on June 8, 2013.

Reviews
The first episode was watched by 4.2 million people. The most watched episode is "#TheKillerTunaJump: #Freddie #Jade #Robbie" with 4.8 million people watching. The least watched episode is "#SecretSafe" 2.0 million people.  In December 2013 Common Sense Media rated it two stars and said it makes people laugh "at the expense of any realistic content."

Awards

International premieres

References

Other websites
 Official website
 Sam & Cat at Nick.com
 

Television spin-offs
Nickelodeon television series
2010s American sitcoms
2013 American television series debuts
2014 American television series endings
English-language television programs
List of Sam & Cat episodes

This is a list of episodes from the American sitcom Sam & Cat, shown on Nickelodeon. It is a crossover / spin-off of the shows Victorious and iCarly. Sam Puckett and Cat Valentine meet in Los Angeles.  Sam moves in with Cat and they become best friends as well as babysitters. It started on June 8, 2013.

Seasons
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;"
|-
! scope="col" style="padding:0 9px;" rowspan="2" colspan="2"| Season
! scope="col" style="padding:0 9px;" rowspan="2"| Episodes
! scope="col" style="padding:0 90px;" colspan="2"| Original airing
|-
! scope="col" | Season premiere
! scope="col" | Season finale
|-
| scope="row" style="background:#F36; color:#100; text-align:center;"|
| 1
|35
| 
|July 17, 2014
|}

Episode list

References

Other websites
 
 
 

2013 in American television
2014 in American television
Lists of comedy television series episodes
Lists of Nickelodeon television series episodes
Raquel Alessi

Raquel Nazzarena Alessi  (born in Los Angeles, California on March 7, 1983) is an American actress. In summer 1989, in the Kidsongs VHS series, she replaced Divita Wright. She appeared in Kidsongs: A Day at Camp in 1989. She appeared with Kenny Ford, Jr. on Kidsongs: Ride the Roller Coaster in 1990. She had a cameo appearance in Kidsongs: Very Silly Songs in 1990. She left the VHS series in 1990. She was replaced by Ashley Nation in 1992.

Other websites 

1983 births
Living people
Actors from Los Angeles
American movie actors
American television actors
Crown Royal

Crown Royal is a Canadian whisky. It is owned by Diageo after it was purchased when the Seagram portfolio was dissolved in 2000. Crown Royal is 40% alcohol by volume, 80 proof. It is the top-selling Canadian whisky in the United States.

References

Other websites 
Official website

Whisky
Lamorak

Sir Lamorak is a legendary character in the King Arthur stories. He is one of the Knights of the Round Table. His father is King Pellinore. His brothers are Percival, Tor, and Aglovale. His cousin is Sir Pinel le Savage.

Lamorak was known for his strength and fiery temper, and fought off thirty knights on at least two occasions. Thomas Malory refers to him as Arthur's third best knight, only lower than Lancelot and Tristan.

Arthurian legend
Characters in written fiction
Fictional knights
Flag Tower of Hanoi

The Flag Tower of Hanoi () is a tower in Hanoi, Vietnam. It is one of the symbols of the city. It is part of the Hanoi Citadel, a World Heritage Site. The tower is  tall, not counting the flag.

History 
The tower was built in 1812. Unlike many other structures in Hanoi, it was not destroyed during the French administration (1896-1897). It was used as a military post. It is now in the Vietnam Military History Museum.

Architecture 
The building has three tiers (levels). The tower is pyramid-shaped. A spiral staircase inside leads to the top. There are 42 windows. Of the windows, 36 are shaped like flowers and 6 are shaped like fans. The National Flag of Vietnam is on top of the tower.

The words "" (English: "To welcome dawn's sunlight") are on the eastern door. The words "" ("To reflect light") are on the western door. The words "" ("Directed to the sunlight") are on the southern door.

Other websites

A description of the tower 
A photo of the tower 
Satellite photo at Google Maps

Towers in Asia
Buildings and structures in Vietnam
Hanoi
1812 establishments
Buildings and structures completed in the 19th century
1810s establishments in Asia
National Dinosaur Museum

The National Dinosaur Museum is a museum in Gold Creek Village, near Canberra, Australian Capital Territory. It has the southern hemisphere's largest permanent display of prehistoric items. The museum's exhibition shows the evolution of life, especially dinosaurs.

The museum is one of the most popular places to visit in the Australian Capital Territory. Each year, 100,000 people visit it.

The museum was established in 1993. Since then it has been steadily improved and updated. The earth science dinosaur-oriented displays are kept up to date with most recent discoveries in geology. Some of the museum's directors are local and international scientists and geologists. Major upgrades have were done in April and May 2012. Those included twelve new animatronic dinosaurs and many life size models both inside and outside the museum.

The museum has guided tours for school groups of all ages by appointment. It hosts birthday parties, "dance with dinosaurs" events for young children, private parties, corporate functions and dinosaur sleepovers during school holiday periods.

Other websites
National Dinosaur Museum

Buildings and structures in the Australian Capital Territory
Museums in Australia
1993 establishments
1990s establishments in Australia
2014 Mount Everest avalanche

On 18 April 2014, an avalanche on Mount Everest killed 16 people and injured 9 people. The avalanche was caused by a serac which fell from the slopes of Mount Everest above the icefall.

Notes 

2014 disasters
History of Nepal
2014 Oso mudslide

On 22 March 2014, a mudslide near the east side of Oso, Washington killed 41 people and injured 4 people. 2 people have been declared missing. The mudslide struck a rural neighborhood. The mudslide covered about a square mile.

2014 disasters
2014 in the United States
Natural disasters in the United States
2010s in Washington (U.S. state)
Oso, Washington

Oso is a census-designated place in Snohomish County, Washington.

Census-designated places in Washington (state)
Darrington, Washington

Darrington is a town in Snohomish County, Washington.

Towns in Washington
Snohomish County, Washington

Snohomish County is a county in the U.S. state of Washington. As of 2010, its population was 713,335. The county seat is Everett.

19th-century establishments in Washington (state)
1861 establishments in the United States
Washington (state) counties
What would Reagan do?

What would Reagan do? (sometimes abbreviated WWRD) is a phrase that has become popular among conservatives and Republicans in the United States. It is based on "What would Jesus do?".

It is used as the belief in what former United States President Ronald Reagan would do in modern day problems. Reagan was a model conservative leader whose philosophy and policies provide guidance and a good example for modern politicians.

Ronald Reagan
Phrases
Oswaldo Vigas

Oswaldo Vigas (4 August 1926 – 22 April 2014) was a Venezuelan painter and muralist. His work was in the form of Cubism. He was best known for winning the National Prize of Plastic Arts of Venezuela in 1952. He was born in Valencia, Carabobo.

Vigas died on 22 April 2014 in Caracas, aged 87.

References

Other websites
  

1926 births
2014 deaths
Painters
Venezuelan people
Capsid

A capsid is the protein shell of a virus. It is made of several protein subunits. The observable 3-dimensional subunits are called 'capsomeres'. The capsid encloses the nucleic acid of the virus.

Capsids are broadly classified according to their structure. Some viruses, such as bacteriophages, have developed more complicated structures.  The icosahedral shape, which has 20 equilateral triangular faces, approximates a sphere, while the helical shape is cylindrical.  The capsid faces may consist of one or more proteins. For example, the foot-and-mouth disease virus capsid has faces consisting of three proteins called VP1–3.

Viral envelopes 
Most viruses (e.g. influenza and many animal viruses) have viral envelopes covering their protein capsids. This means the capsid is coated with a lipid membrane.

The envelope is got by the capsid from an intracellular membrane in the virus' host; such as the inner nuclear membrane, the golgi membrane, or the cell's outer membrane.

The envelope may help viruses avoid the host immune system. Glycoproteins on the surface of the envelope bind to receptor sites on the host's membrane. The viral envelope then fuses with the host's membrane This allows the capsid and viral genome to enter and infect the host.

References 

Viruses
Proteins
Deon Jackson

Deon Jackson (January 26, 1946 – April 19, 2014) was an American soul singer, songwriter and educator. His best known songs were "Love Makes the World Go Round" (1966), "Love Takes a Long Time Growing" (1966) and "Ooh Baby" (1967). He was born Ann Arbor, Michigan.

Jackson died on April 19, 2014 at the age of 68.

References

Other websites
 Deon Jackson at All Music

1946 births
2014 deaths
African American musicians
Educators from Illinois
American singer-songwriters
American soul musicians
Disease-related deaths in the United States
Singers from Illinois
Singers from Michigan
Educators from Michigan
Carillon

A carillon is a musical instrument consisting of bells. Carillons are usually in bell towers, and are made up of at least 23 bells. (If there are less than 23 bells, the instrument is called a chime.) A church in Michigan, called Kirk in the Hills, has 77 bells, the most of any carillon.

The bells in a carillon are usually made to ring using a keyboard. It is similar to the one in a piano or organ, but is made up of wooden batons that are hit with closed fists instead of pressing them with fingers (see the picture on the left). Each baton is linked to a bell with a different pitch and makes it ring out. The bell with the lowest pitch is called the "bourdon", and many carillons have pedal keyboards for the largest bells. The instrument is very heavy, and the world's heaviest carillon, which is in a New York City church, weights 91 tonnes.

Not all carillons use a keyboard. Some of them are automated, meaning they play music without a human. They can be controlled using a clockwork mechanism, similar to the one in Big Ben, so that the music plays at certain times every day. Two examples of this kind of carillon are the Spasskaya Tower of the Moscow Kremlin and the Munttoren in Amsterdam. More recent carillons, such as the one in the Peace Tower in Ottawa, are computer-controlled.

Other websites 

World Carillon Federation
 The Carillon. A history of the carillon with particular attention to the carillon and carillon music in the times of Johannes Vermeer.

Bells
Netherlands Carillon

The Netherlands Carillon is a carillon in the Arlington National Cemetery near Washington D.C., United States. The carillon was a gift to the American people for helping the Dutch people during World War II.

Other websites 
 the Netherlands Carillon in the National Park Service website

Bells
Arlington National Cemetery
Thameslink

Thameslink is a route in the British railway system. It has 68 stations. It is  long. It runs north to south through London from Bedford to Brighton. It goes to London Gatwick Airport and London Luton Airport. It has a suburban loop that goes to Sutton and Wimbledon. On weekdays a suburban line goes through Catford and Bromley South to Sevenoaks. It opened as a through service in 1988. By 1998, it was very overcrowded, carrying more than 28,000 passengers in the morning peak. Almost all the services are currently operated by Thameslink.

Other websites

 Official Thameslink Programme website
 Thameslink Programme - Network Rail

 

 
1988 establishments in England
Lick Observatory

The Lick Observatory is an astronomical observatory. It is owned and operated by the University of California. It is on Mount Hamilton, in the Diablo Range just east of San Jose, California, USA. The observatory is managed by the University of California Observatories. Its headquarters is on the campus of University of California, Santa Cruz.

Significant discoveries
The following astronomical objects were discovered at Lick Observatory:
Several moons of Jupiter
Amalthea
Ananke
Elara
Himalia
Lysithea
Sinope (disputed)
Near-Earth asteroid (29075) 1950 DA
Several extrasolar planets
Quintuple planet system
55 Cancri
Triple planet system
Upsilon Andromedae (with Whipple Observatory)
Double planet systems
HD 38529 (with Keck Observatory)
HD 12661 (with Keck)
Gliese 876 (with Keck)
47 Ursae Majoris

Issues 
Due to its proximity to San Jose, light pollution and skyglow are an issue for the observatory. This was fine in the past, as San Jose used sodium ion bulbs, whose light were easy to filter out. However, due to safety concerns, LED lights which cannot be filtered out have been installed in San Jose. San Jose dims its lights when the observatory is active.

References

 Vasilevskis, S. and Osterbrock, D. E. (1989) "Charles Donald Shane" Biographical Memoirs, Volume 58 pp. 489–512, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC,

Further reading

Other websites

Lick Observatory
Lick Observatory Records Digital Archive 

University of California
Astronomical observatories in California
Seattle Art Museum

The Seattle Art Museum (commonly known as "SAM") is an art museum in Seattle, Washington, USA. It has three major facilities. The first is the main museum in downtown Seattle. The second is the Seattle Asian Art Museum (SAAM) in Volunteer Park on Capitol Hill. The third is the Olympic Sculpture Park on the central Seattle waterfront.

Other websites

Museums in Washington
1933 establishments in the United States
20th-century establishments in Washington (state)
Buildings and structures in Seattle, Washington