cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Blythburgh

Blythburgh is a village and civil parish in Suffolk Coastal, Suffolk, England. In 2001, there were 312 people living in Blythburgh. It has a church called Holy Trinity.

References 

Suffolk Coastal
Civil parishes in Suffolk
Villages in Suffolk
Boyton, Suffolk

Boyton is a village and civil parish in Suffolk Coastal, Suffolk, England. In 2001, there were 154 people living in Boyton. It has a church called St Andrew.

References 

Suffolk Coastal
Civil parishes in Suffolk
Villages in Suffolk
Bramfield

Bramfield is a village and civil parish in Suffolk Coastal, Suffolk, England. In 2001, there were 369 people living in Bramfield. It has a church called St Andrew.

References 

Suffolk Coastal
Civil parishes in Suffolk
Villages in Suffolk
Brandeston

Brandeston is a village and civil parish in Suffolk Coastal, Suffolk, England. In 2001, there were 278 people living in Brandeston. It has a church called All Saints.

References 

Suffolk Coastal
Civil parishes in Suffolk
Villages in Suffolk
Bredfield

Bredfield is a village and civil parish in Suffolk Coastal, Suffolk, England. In 2001, there were 308 people living in Bredfield. It has a church called St Andrew.

References 

Suffolk Coastal
Civil parishes in Suffolk
Villages in Suffolk
Brightwell, Suffolk

Brightwell is a village and civil parish in Suffolk Coastal, Suffolk, England. In 2001, there were 57 people living in Brightwell. It has a church called St John the Baptist.

References 

Suffolk Coastal
Civil parishes in Suffolk
Villages in Suffolk
Bromeswell

Bromeswell is a village and civil parish in Suffolk Coastal, Suffolk, England. In 2001, there were 326 people living in Bromeswell. It has a church called St Edmund.

References 

Suffolk Coastal
Civil parishes in Suffolk
Villages in Suffolk
Bruisyard

Bruisyard is a village and civil parish in Suffolk Coastal, Suffolk, England. In 2001, there were 168 people living in Bruisyard. It has a church called St Peter.

References 

Suffolk Coastal
Civil parishes in Suffolk
Villages in Suffolk
Burgh

Burgh is a village and civil parish in Suffolk Coastal, Suffolk, England. In 2001, there were 191 people living in Burgh.

References 

Suffolk Coastal
Civil parishes in Suffolk
Villages in Suffolk
Capel St. Andrew

Capel St. Andrew is a village and civil parish in Suffolk Coastal, Suffolk, England. In 2001, there were 77 people living in Capel St. Andrew. It once had a church.

References 

Suffolk Coastal
Civil parishes in Suffolk
Villages in Suffolk
P.G. Wodehouse

P.G. Wodehouse, in full Sir Pelham Grenville Wodehouse (15 October 1881 - 14 February 1975) was an English comic novelist, short-story writer and playwright, best known as the creator of the 'Jeeves' character and series of novels. He was born in Guildford, Surrey. He died of a heart attack in Southampton, New York.

Inspiration
Wodehouse claims to have gotten inspiration for his characters by being like them: born into a rich family, and inheriting much money, making him rich and financially free. 

1881 births
1975 deaths
Cardiovascular disease deaths in the United States
Deaths from myocardial infarction
English novelists
English playwrights
Writers from Surrey
Aurangzeb Khan

Sardar Aurangzeb Khan (1899-1965) was a politician from the Dera Ismail Khan district of NWFP, British India. He belonged to the Gandapur Pashtun tribe and belonged to a landowning family. 

Khan joined the All India Muslim League party in 1937 and in the same year was appointed to the NWFP Legislative Assembly. In 1940, he was one of the provincial delegates to the Lahore session of the League and was a member of the Working Committee  set up there to draft what was to become the 'Lahore Resolution'. 

Between 1943-45 he also briefly remained provincial Chief Minister before being removed. After the independence of Pakistan in 1947, he served for some time as the new country's ambassador to Burma.

1899 births
1965 deaths
Muslim League
Pakistani politicians
People of British India
Ambassadors
Wilkie Collins

Wilkie Collins, in full William Wilkie Collins (1824-1889) was an English novelist and one of the earliest writers of the mystery story. Although he wrote many books, he is best remembered for The Woman in White (1860) and The Moonstone (1868). 

1824 births
1889 deaths
English writers
English novelists
Ursus (genus)

Ursus is a genus in the family Ursidae (bears) that includes the widely distributed brown bears, the polar bear, and black bears. The name comes from the Latin ursus, meaning bear.

Ursidaes
Savant syndrome

The savant syndrome is a rare condition in which people with neurodevelopmental disorders, notably autism spectrum disorders, and/or brain injuries, demonstrate profound and prodigious capacities and/or abilities far in excess of what would be considered normal. In spite of the name syndrome, it is not recognized as a mental disorder, or as a part of mental disorder. In simple terms these are very gifted individuals with fewer than 50 alive today.

Characteristics
These individuals in some cases may not be able to tie their shoes, however they may memorize an entire book in days.

Notable savants
The following are well-known people with savant syndrome, noted for their talent in their identified fields: 
 Wesley Willis, American musician, savant levels of visual recall.
 Kim Peek, mnemonist, speed reader and calculator, although not autistic
 Mark Boerebach, Australian internet Disk jockey, subject of the documentary Rainman goes to Rockwiz
 Alonzo Clemons, American clay sculptor
 Tony DeBlois, blind American musician
 Leslie Lemke, blind American musician
 Jonathan Lerman, American artist
 Thristan Mendoza, Filipino marimba prodigy
 Gottfried Mind, Swiss artist known as the "Raphael of Cats"
 Derek Paravicini, blind British musician
 Anthony Torrone, American Christian writer
 Gilles Tréhin, artist, author
 James Henry Pullen, gifted British carpenter
 Matt Savage, American autistic jazz prodigy
 Henriett Seth F., Hungarian autistic savant, poet, writer, and artist
 Stephen Wiltshire, British architectural artist
 Richard Wawro, British artist
 George and Charles Finn, calendar calculator twins
 Florence 'Flo' and Katherine 'Kay' Lyman, calendar calculator twins. Featured in a documentary produced by TV network TLC entitled Twin Savants: Flo & Kay
 Jason D. Padgett, American mathematical artist
 Daniel Tammet, British author.
 Rex Lewis-Clack, blind American pianist.
 Blind Tom Wiggins, blind African American pianist.
 Orlando Serrell, sudden savant, calendrical calculation, mnemonist, featured on English version of Expedition ins Gehirn.

References

Other websites
 The Wisconsin Medical Society lists 29 savant profiles .

Giftedness
Syndromes
Ducat

A ducat is a gold coin that was used for trade in Europe until World War I. The first ducat was made in silver by Roger II of Sicily in 1140. In 1284 the Republic of Venice started making the gold ducat which came to be widely used. The value of a ducat at the beginning of the 20th century was nine shillings and fourpence or a little more than four United States dollars.

References

Former currencies of Europe
1140 establishments
1140s establishments in Europe
Coins
Love on Top

"Love on Top" is a 2011 song performed by Beyoncé and talking about a man on whosoever she can count. The song is part of Beyoncé's record 4. It undergoes four key changes, during which the singer adopts a high octane.

Beyoncé songs
2011 songs
Jason Hughes (sociologist)

Dr Jason Kelly Hughes (born 21 October 1943 in Glastonbury, UK) is currently a senior lecturer at Brunel University in West London. Previously he worked at the Centre for Labour Market Studies at the University of Leicester and is a Prodigious Savant. 

Hughes's current research interests include the sociology of emotions; the sociology of the body and health; sociological theory; and organisational sociology. Specifically he has written about emotional reflexivity in the ‘new’ workplace; emotional labour and aesthetic labour; new managerial discourses, particularly emotional intelligence, high performance work practices, knowledge management, and organisational learning. In addition he has also published a book on smoking called “Learning to Smoke.” Hughes has also written extensively about the work of Norbert Elias, social Darwinism and linguistics. His other interests include evolutionary biology, as well as collecting antique clocks, sundials, ear trumpets and other novelties.

References 

1943 births
British academics
Living people
British sociologists
English people
Run the World (Girls)

"Run the World (Girls)" is a 2011 hit song performed by Beyoncé. It represents female empowerment. It was released as part of Beyoncé's album 4. The song is similar to two earlier Beyonce hit singles.

2011 songs
Beyoncé songs
Songs with feminist themes
Leslie Lemke

Leslie Lemke (born January 31, 1952) is a blind American, prodigious savant who is autistic. He is best known for his work as a musician.

Leslie Lemke was born prematurely in Milwaukee, Wisconsin in 1952. At birth, he was diagnosed with glaucoma, cerebral palsy, and brain damage. Doctors were forced to remove his eyes. His birth mother gave him up for adoption. May Lemke, a nurse, adopted him when he was six months old. To feed him, May had to stroke his throat to make him swallow his food. It was a year before Leslie could chew food on his own. It took seven years of constant care before Leslie showed any progress. During this time, he made no sounds or movements and showed no emotions. He was 12 before he first learned to stand. He was 15 before he learned to walk.

When he was 16, May found Leslie playing Tchaikovsky's Piano Concerto no. 1 during the middle of the night. He had recently heard the piece on television. Leslie was soon playing all styles of music, from ragtime to classical.

His adoptive mother encouraged his talent for the piano. By 1980, Leslie was giving concerts in Fond du Lac, Wisconsin. Because of his new fame, he was asked to be on many television programs such as CBC's Man Alive (hosted by Roy Bonisteel), CBS Evening News, 60 Minutes, and That's Incredible!. In 1983, ABC broadcast The Woman Who Willed a Miracle, a drama about Leslie and his adoptive mother. It stars Cloris Leachman as May Lemke.  Leslie is also the subject of Fred Small's song, "Leslie is Different."

Leslie toured the United States, Scandinavia, and Japan and gave free concerts. He was quite animated when he played.

May Lemke developed Alzheimer's disease and died on November 6, 1993.

Further information
 Bonisteel, Roy. All Things Considered, page 25, Doubleday Canada Limited, 1997. 
 Monty, Shirlee. May's Boy: An Incredible Story of Love, Thomas Nelson Inc., 1983.

References

Other websites
 Leslie Lemke profile  from the Wisconsin Medical Society

1952 births
Living people
American adoptees
American pianists
Autistic savants
Musicians from Milwaukee, Wisconsin
Jonathan Lerman

Jonathan Lerman (born 1987) is an American Prodigious Savant. He is an autistic  outsider artist.  He was born in Queens, NY. He lives in the Upstate New York suburb of Vestal.

Jonathan Lerman began to lapse into long silences at the age of two. The next year he was diagnosed with autism. His IQ is said to be 53.

Lerman's artistic ability appeared at the age of 10. He drew faces with charcoal. The faces were of people he knows and those he imagines.  In 1999 he had his own solo exhibition at the KS Art gallery in New York City.

Lerman has had personal exhibitions. He has also exhibited his work alongside others.

Lerman was also on the MTV television show True Life in the episode "True Life: I Have Autism"

Books
 George Braziller. Jonathan Lerman: The Drawings of a Boy with Autism (2002)

References

Other websites
Exhibit at KS Art 
erstwhile "www.jonathanlerman.com" site 
Portraits of Emotion: The Story of an Autistic Savant  Documentary about Jonathan Lerman

1987 births
Living people
American painters
Autistic savants
People from New York City
Aaron Hunt

Aaron Hunt (born 4 September 1986, in Goslar, Germany) is a German football player. He plays as midfielder for Werder Bremen since 2004.

Club career 
Hunt started playing football at the age of 7 and played for two local clubs in the Harz area during his childhood. In 2002 he joined the youth team of Werder Bremen. Two years late he debuted in the Bundesliga as a substitute against Hannover 96. He shot his first goal against Borussia Mönchengladbach on 12th February 2005, when he also debuted in the first squad.

On 28 November 2007 he shot in first goal in the Champions League against Real Madrid. Before that game he has been injured for 7 months. Bremen won that match 3-2.

In the 2008/09 season he won the DFB-Pokal with Werder, after winning 1-0 in the final against Bayer Leverkusen. His team was also in the final match of the UEFA CUP, but lost against Shakhtar Donetsk 1-2 in the extra time.

In 2010 he renewed his contract until 2014. In 2012 he was made vice captain of his team by his coach Thomas Schaaf. He is the most loyal player in the squad of Werder Bremen.

International career 
His mother is from England, so he would have been allowed to play for the national team of England. He played for Germany at the Under-16, Under-17 and Under-21 level, so he refused English offers and decided to play for Germany. In November 2009 he debuted against the Côte d'Ivoire for the a-squad in a friendly. This game was the memorial game for the goalkeeper Robert Enke, who committed suicide. He also made a secound match against Denmark in August 2010. In 2013 has was nominated by national coach Joachim Löw for two matches. In the match against Ecuador has was brought on in minute 59.

Club career statistics 

|-
|2004/05||rowspan="9"|Werder Bremen||rowspan="9"|Bundesliga||10||1||2||0||1||0||13||1
|-
|2005/06||7||0||3||2||6||0||16||2
|-
|2006/07||28||9||1||0||12||0||41||9
|-
|2007/08||14||1||1||0||5||1||20||2
|-
|2008/09||18||2||2||0||8||0||28||2
|-
|2009/10||32||9||6||1||10||1||48||11
|-
|2010/11||29||3||2||0||7||0||38||3
|-
|2011/12||18||3||1||0|| || ||19||3
|-
|2012/13||28||11||1||0|| || ||29||11
184||39||20||3||49||2||253||44 
184||39||20||3||49||2||253||44 
|}

International career statistics 

|-
|2009||1||0
|-
|2010||1||0
|-
|2013||1||0
|-
!Total||3||0
|}

Honours 
 DFB-Ligapokal: 2006
 DFB-Pokal: 2009

Private life 
Hunt is married to Semra Polatgil, who also played football for TV Jahn Delmenhorst.

References

Other websites 
 Profile  at werder.de (in German)
 Profile at fussballdaten.de (in German)
 Profile at transfermarkt.de (in German)

1986 births
Living people
German footballers
Sportspeople from Lower Saxony
Thristan Mendoza

Thristan "Tum-Tum" Mendoza (born 1989) is a Filipino Prodigious Savant and marimba prodigy.

Mendoza was born in Quezon City, Philippines. He was enrolled at the Philippine Montessori Center. He was diagnosed as autistic at the age of two and a half. During the same year he began to play. 

In 1997 the University of the Philippines presented him as a gifted child prodigy.

He is now a college student majoring in percussion.

He has three siblings (Rainier, Victoria Angela, Victorina Francesca)

References

Further reading
 

1989 births
Living people
Autistic savants
People from Quezon City
Boyton, Cornwall

Boyton, Cornwall is a civil parish and village in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. As of 2001, 378 people lived in Boyton.

Villages in Cornwall
Civil parishes in Cornwall
Russell Means

Russell Charles Means (November 10, 1939 – October 22, 2012) was an American Oglala Sioux activist, writer, politician, musician, television and movie actor who is known for his activisim to the American Indian Movement. He is also known for his roles in Pathfinder, Thomas and the Magic Railroad and in Pocahontas.

In 1983 he agreed to become running mate to Larry Flynt in his unsuccessful run for U.S. President.

Means was born on November 10, 1939 in Pine Ridge Indian Reservation, South Dakota. He studied at San Leandro High School. Means was married five times, the first four ended in divorce. He has ten children. Means died on October 22, 2012 in Porcupine, South Dakota from esophageal cancer, aged 72.

References

Other websites

Russell Means official website

1939 births
2012 deaths
Deaths from esophageal cancer
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
American stage actors
American activists
Politicians from South Dakota
Actors from South Dakota
Singers from South Dakota
Musicians from South Dakota
Writers from South Dakota
Native American people
Elizabeth Bowen

Elizabeth Bowen CBE (; 7 June 1899 – 22 February 1973) was a British novelist and short story writer. 

She was born in an Anglo-Irish family in Dublin, Ireland and wrote many books and stories that are set in Ireland. However, after 1927, she lived mostly in London, England. She began to write at a very young age. 

Bowen's works include Encounters (1923), The Hotel (1927), The House in Paris (1935), The Last September (1929) , Seven Winters (1942), Bowen's Court (1942), The Heat of the Day (1949) and many others. 

1899 births
1975 deaths
British novelists
Irish writers
People from Dublin
Awan tribe

Awan are a tribe mostly inhabiting Punjab and other parts of Pakistan. They are probably of mixed, indigenous origins, with a section of the tribe claiming Arab descent from a person called Qutb Shah. However, they are mostly accounted to be of Indo-European ethnicity.

References

Ethnic groups in Pakistan
Pakistani tribes
Punjabi people
Haasts Bluff, Northern Territory

Haasts Bluff (Pintupi–Luritja: Ikuntji), is an Aboriginal Australian community in the Northern Territory. The town is about  west of Alice Springs. The closest neighbouring town is Papunya, about  north. In the 2006 census, 207 people were recorded to live in the town and in nearby outstations.

The town is named after the nearby rocky outcrop. The outcrop was given this name in 1872 by the explorer Ernest Giles, who named it after the New Zealand geologist, Julius von Haast. The name in the local Aboriginal language is Ikuntji, which means "where the creeks cross".

The town was established as a Lutheran mission in 1946. It is home to Western Arrernte, Pintupi and Pitjantjatjara people. Many of these people work as artists in the local artist co-operative, Ikuntji Artists.

References

Towns in the Northern Territory
Indigenous Australian communities
Pitjantjatjara
Pintupi
1946 establishments in Australia
Currimbhoy Ebrahim

Sir Currimbhoy Ebrahim (or  Currimbhoy Ebrahim), 3rd Baronet, JP (born 1903- died 1952), was a prominent businessman, philanthropist and political leader from Bombay, British India.

He succeeded his father Sir Mohamedbhoy Ebrahim as Baronet, and as managing director of many family-owned firms. He also became director or chairman of many charitable trusts in the Bombay area and in 1936, started the Muslim Peace and Relief Committee. In the same year, he became a member of the All India Muslim League and an active political leader of this party.

1903 births
1952 deaths
Indian businesspeople
People from Bombay
Indian politicians
Leaders of All India Muslim League
Baronets
Muhammad Ismail Khan

Nawab Muhammad Ismail Khan (1886–1958) was a senior All India Muslim League leader, a former Vice-Chancellor of the Aligarh Muslim University and a member of the UP legislative assembly in British India. 

1886 births
1958 deaths
People of British India
Muslim League
Leaders of All India Muslim League
Indian politicians
Ali Muhammad Khan Dehlvi

Ali Muhammad Khan Dehlvi JP (born 1875) was a political leader, lawyer and journalist of British India. He organised several Muslim educational and political conferences at Karachi and Hyderabad, Sindh, and later was a delegate to the famous All India Muslim Leagues Lahore session of 1940. 

1875 births
People of British India
Indian politicians
Muslim League
Leaders of All India Muslim League
MacDonnell Shire

The MacDonnell Shire is a local government area of the Northern Territory, Australia. It was created on 1 July 2008 as part of the restructuring of the Territory's local government areas. It was created by merging over a dozen smaller community council areas and a large zone of unincorporated area. The most recent elections for the shire council were in March 2012. The current President of the MacDonnell Shire is Sid Anderson.

The shire has an area of over 268,784 square kilometres. It covers the south of the Territory, bordering with South Australia. Alice Springs and Yulara are enclaves within the shire (they are not part of it, but are surrounded by it).

There were about 7,142 people living there in 2009.

Wards and towns
The MacDonnell Shire Council is divided into four wards. There are 12 council members. Below each ward is listed the towns that fall within those wards. Population figures are as they were recorded on 30 June 2007.

 Rodinga (4 councillors)
 Amoonguna (362)
 Aputula (Finke; 240)
 Santa Teresa (Ltyentye Apurte; 652 in 2006)
 Titjikala (Tapatjatjaka; 265)
 Ljirapinta (3 councillors)
 Hermannsburg (Ntaria; 600)
 Wallace Rockhole (Ulana; 107)
 Luritja Pintubi (3 councillors)
 Haasts Bluff (Ikuntji; 165)
 Kintore (Walungurru; 350)
 Mount Liebig (Watijawanu; 252)
 Papunya (Warumpi; 342)
 Iyarrka (2 councillors)
 Kaltukatjara (Docker River; 311)
 Imanpa (217)
 Areyonga (Utju; 245)

References

MacDonnell Shire
Local government areas of Australia
Aputula, Northern Territory

Aputula is a remote Aboriginal community in the Northern Territory of Australia. It is south of Alice Springs, near the border with South Australia. It is  east of the Stuart Highway. About 250 people live there. They are Pitjantjatjara, Yankunytjatjara, Luritja, and Lower Southern Arrernte people. The Finke River passes nearby the town, but it is dry for most of the year, except during floods.

The town was called Finke until the 1980s. It began as a trading stop on the Central Australian Railway. Local Aborigines traded dingo scalps, artefacts and tools for European goods. In the 1950s and 1960s, White farmers set up cattle stations around the town. Most of the Europeans left Finke when the railway line was moved westwards in the late 1970s. This was done because the track was damaged during huge floods in 1973 and 1974, so it was moved away from the river. The Aboriginal people living in the town did not move, and the town came to be known as Aputula. The name comes from a place called Putula near the town, which used to be the site of a water soak. Putula is an Arrernte word. Arrernte people used to get their water there, before the white people and the railway line came to the area.

Aputula holds the record of having the hottest day ever recorded in the Northern Territory— on 1 and 2 January 1960.

References

Indigenous Australian communities
Towns in the Northern Territory
Pitjantjatjara
Jimmy James

Jimmy James OAM (1913 – 1991) was an Aboriginal Australian tracker. He helped the police of South Australia in tracking criminals. He worked with the police for 40 years.

James was born near Ernabella (now Pukatja) in central Australia, and was a member of the Pitjantjatjara people. He went to school at the Ooldea Mission. In 1945, he was wrongfully arrested and left the mission. James began his career as a tracker for police in 1948. He became well known for tracking criminals (including arsonists, poachers and escapees) and lost persons. He was awarded the Medal of the Order of Australia in 1984 and was the first South Australian Aboriginal Person of the Year in 1983. After his death, a memorial to Jimmy James was erected in Berri, South Australia.

References

Order of Australia
People from South Australia
Indigenous Australian people
1913 births
1991 deaths
Pitjantjatjara
Bubbly

"Bubbly" is a single by the singer Colbie Caillat. It was released to radio on May 15, 2007. "Bubbly" was the biggest song so far by Caillat. The song is from her first record Coco.

Pop songs
2007 songs
Gordon Briscoe

Dr Gordon Briscoe OAM (born in 1938) is an Aboriginal Australian activist and a retired football player. He is a member of the Stolen Generations.

Briscoe was born in Alice Springs. He is descended from the Marduntjara and Pitjantjatjara nations of Central Australia. He was taken away from his mother as a child and was taught at a Christian mission in Adelaide. Briscoe played football (soccer) for Adelaide in the South Australian league. He played alongside his schoolmate Charles Perkins. In 1958, he moved to England with the hope of playing professional football. He had small jobs with Barnet and Preston North End, but he did not make a first team appearance. He went back to Australia at the suggestion of Perkins. The two of them later played recreational football with the Australian National University from 1968 to about 1972.

Briscoe began studying at ANU in 1981. His focus was on the indigenous history of Australia. He was involved in the production of the SBS documentary First Australians. He got his PhD in 1997.

Briscoe also worked as an activist for indigenous Australians. He was involved in the establishment of the Aboriginal Progress Association in the 1950s, the Aboriginal Legal Service in the 1960s and the Aboriginal Medical Service
in 1972.

References 

1938 births
Living people
Indigenous Australian activists
Indigenous Australian politics
Australian footballers
Order of Australia
Pitjantjatjara
People from Alice Springs
Indigenous Australian sportspeople
Mount Woodroffe

Mount Woodroffe is South Australia's highest peak. It is  above sea level. The mountain is known to Pitjantjatjara speakers as Ngarutjaranya. In their Dreaming, the mountain represents the spirit being Ngintaka.

Mount Woodroffe is in the far northwest of South Australia, in the Musgrave Ranges. The mountain range rises about 700–800 metres above the plains around it. The rock is mostly granite and gneiss.

Mount Woodroffe was named by William Gosse, who first saw it on 20 July 1873. He named it after George Woodroffe Goyder, another early explorer of South Australia and the Northern Territory. Access to the mountain is restricted. Permission is needed to enter the Anangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara lands.

References 

Mountains of South Australia
Rhind Mathematical Papyrus

The Rhind papyrus in the British Museum is the best example of Egyptian mathematics. It is named after Alexander Henry Rhind, a Scottish antiquarian. He bought the papyrus in 1858 in Luxor, Egypt. It was found during illegal excavations in or near the Ramesseum. It was written about 1650 BC.

The papyrus has work and writing on arithmetic, algebra, geometry, trigonometry, and fractions. It, and the Moscow Mathematical Papyrus, are the main sources of knowledge about mathematics in Ancient Egypt. The Rhind papyrus dates to about 1550 BC. The museum bought both the Rhind papyrus and the Egyptian Mathematical Leather Roll from Rhind. The Rhind papyrus is larger than the Moscow mathematical papyrus, but the Moscow papyrus is older.

The Rhind papyrus dates to the Second Intermediate Period of Egypt. It was copied by the scribe Ahmose from a now-lost text from the reign of Amenemhat III (12th dynasty).  Written in the hieratic script, this Egyptian manuscript is made up of parts that are each 33 cm tall. In total it is over  long. It was transliterated and the mathematics was translated in the late 19th century. The mathematical translation is still incomplete in some respects. The document is dated to year 33 of the Hyksos king Apophis and also contains a separate later Year 11 on its verso likely from his successor, Khamudi.

In the opening paragraphs of the papyrus, Ahmose presents the papyrus as giving "Accurate reckoning for inquiring into things, and the knowledge of all things, mysteries... all secrets". He continues with: 
This book was copied in regnal year 33, month 4 of Akhet, under the majesty of the King of Upper and Lower Egypt, Awserre, given life, from an ancient copy made in the time of the King of Upper and Lower Egypt Nimaatre (?). The scribe Ahmose writes this copy.

Several books and articles about the Rhind Mathematical Papyrus have been published, and a handful of these stand out. The Rhind Papyrus was published in 1923 by Peet and contains a discussion of the text that followed Griffith's Book I, II and III outline  Chase published a compendium in 1927/29 which included photographs of the text. A more recent overview of the Rhind Papyrus was published in 1987 by Robins and Shute.

Other websites

Allen, Don.  April 2001.  The Ahmes Papyrus and Summary of Egyptian Mathematics.

British Museum webpage on the Papyrus.
O'Connor and Robertson, 2000. Mathematics in Egyptian Papyri.
Truman State University, Math and Computer Science Division.  Mathematics and the Liberal Arts: The Rhind/Ahmes Papyrus.

Williams, Scott W. Mathematicians of the African Diaspora, containing a page on Egyptian Mathematics Papyri.
BBC audio file A History of the World in 100 Objects. (15 mins)

References

Mathematics literature
Ancient Egypt
Musgrave Ranges

Musgrave Ranges is a mountain range in Central Australia. It covers the boundary of South Australia (Anangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara) and the Northern Territory (MacDonnell Shire). It separates the Great Victoria Desert to the south and the Gibson Desert to the north. The range has a length of . Many of its peaks have a height of more than . The highest peak is Mount Woodroffe at .

The mountains were originally the home of Yankunytjatjara people. The first European to find them was the English explorer William Gosse in the 1870s. He named them after Anthony Musgrave, the Governor of South Australia at the time. At the start of the 20th century, Yankunytjatjara people began migrating east, setting up camps along the Alberga River and moving into the mission at Ernabella. From 1917, they also began a movement southward to Ooldea. Groups of Pitjantjatjara were forced to move to the Musgrave region because of a long drought in their territory, the Mann and Tomkinson Ranges in the west. Today, most of the families in the communities of Amata and Kaltjiti identify as Pitjantjatjara.

The South Australian part of the Musgrave Ranges was granted to the Pitjantjatjara people in the Pitjantjatjara Land Rights Act 1980. Since then, most people have moved into settlements in more hospitable areas.

References 

Mountain ranges of Australia
Mountains of South Australia
Mountains of the Northern Territory
Pitjantjatjara
Cornish National Party

The Cornish National Party (CNP) is a social democratic political party in Cornwall. It wants Cornish independence from the United Kingdom.

Political parties in England
Nationalism
Politics of Cornwall
Azad Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly

The Legislative Assembly of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, also known as AJK Legislative Assembly, is a unicameral legislature of elected representatives of the Pakistan administered state of Azad Kashmir.

The assembly has 41 elected Members and 8 co-opted members of which 5 are woman, one member from Ulama community, while one is from amongst Jammu & Kashmir technocrats and other professionals.

References

Azad Kashmir
Unité de formation et de recherche médicale Paris Île-de-France Ouest

The Unité de formation et de recherche médicale Paris Île-de-France Ouest (in English Paris Île-de-France West Medical Research and Training Departement; also called PIFO or Paris Ouest) is a department of the Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines focus on research and training activities in medicine.

Further reading 
 Official website

References

Medicine
Education in France
Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines
West India

Western India is a region of the Republic of India, it includes Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra.

Regions of India
Qazi Muhammad Isa

Qazi Muhammad Essa (17 July 1914 – 19 June 1976) was a leader of the All India Muslim League party in British India and later a senior governmental official in Pakistan. 

Qazi Isa was born in Pishin, Baluchistan (Chief commissioners province). He joined the League in 1939 and was nominated to represent his province at the League's Lahore session in March 1940. 

After the creation of Pakistan, he served the new country in various positions, and for a time was also its ambassador to Brazil (1951-54). 

He died in 1976.

Source  

1. Kausar. Prof. Dr. Inamul Haq. "Tehreek-e-Pakistan Balochistan Main". Lahore. 1988. Maktaba-e-Aaliya. p.21

1913 births
1976 deaths
Pakistani politicians
Muslim League
Leaders of All India Muslim League
Sundanese Wikipedia

Sundanese Wikipedia (Sundanese Wikipedia basa Sunda) is the edition of Wikipedia in the Sundanese language. The article count of the wiki is 60,650 articles (as of 08 March 2021)

Other websites

  Sundanese Wikipedia
  Sundanese Wikipedia mobile version

Wikipedias
William Somerset Maugham

William Somerset Maugham (25 January 1874– 16 December 1965) was an English novelist, short story writer and playwright. He was born at the British Embassy in Paris. He was the highest paid author of the 1930s.

Maugham trained as a medical doctor at St. Thomas's hospital's medical school, London, but then decided to become a full-time writer. He wrote many works including such well-known ones as Liza of Lambeth (1897), The Magician (1908), Of Human Bondage (1915), The Moon and Sixpence (1919), Cakes and Ale (1930) and The Razor's Edge (1944).

Maugham died on 16 December 1965 in Nice, Alpes-Maritimes, France from pneumonia at the age of 91.

References

1874 births
1965 deaths
Deaths from pneumonia
English writers
English novelists
English playwrights
Writers from Paris
Aboriginal Provisional Government

The Aboriginal Provisional Government (APG) is an Indigenous Australian activist group. It campaigns for indigenous sovereignty over Australia. It was formed by elders from several communities across Australia, including the Pitjantjatjara, Wiradjuri, Yolngu and Eora. The founders of the APG were Bob Weatherall, Geoff Clark, Josie Crawshaw, Michael Mansell, Kathy Craigie and other representatives from all states of Australia.

It was officially created on 16 July 1990. Its stated purpose is to establish its own government and an Aboriginal nation state. The APG argues that the indigenous people of Australia never gave up their sovereignty and therefore Australian law and title over the country is void (means nothing).

Related pages
Aboriginal land rights in Australia

References

Indigenous Australian politics
1990 establishments in Australia
Nationalist organizations
Peter Ackroyd

Peter Ackroyd CBE (born 5 October 1949) is an English novelist, critic, poet, television writer, historian and scholar. 

Ackroyd was born in East Acton, London. He graduated in English from Clare College, Cambridge. He later studied at Yale University. He is openly gay.

References

Other websites 

1949 births
Living people
Alumni of the University of Cambridge
English historians
English LGBT people
English novelists
English poets
Gay men
LGBT novelists
LGBT poets
Writers from London
Yale University alumni
Private prison

A private prison is a prison run by a private company instead of the government. The government hires the private prison company to perform all the services needed to keep the convicts locked up while they serve out their sentences.

In the twenty-first century, many industries that were government-run before have become more privatized.

The countries that have private prisons are Australia, Brazil, Chile, Greece, Jamaica, Japan, Mexico, New Zealand, Peru, South Africa, South Korea, Thailand, United States and the United Kingdom. Private prisons are only common in the United States, United Kingdom, Australia and New Zealand.

Israel used to have private prisons, until the Israeli Supreme Court, declared them illegal (against the law) in 2005. Canada also used to have private prisons, but due to widespread protests against them, the last private prison went to government control in 2006.

References

Criminal justice
Jerome K. Jerome

Jerome K. Jerome (in full Jerome Klapka Jerome) (1859-1927) was an English novelist, playwright and humorist. He wrote books that were very funny and won him a wide public following.

1859 births
1927 deaths
English writers
English novelists
English playwrights
Ramna Kali Mandir

The Ramna Kali Mandir  (), also known as the Ramna Kalibari (house of the Hindu goddess Kali) was one of the most famous Hindu temples of the Indian subcontinent. It was believed to be over a thousand years old. The temple was in Dhaka (the capital of present day Bangladesh) near the Ramna Park (now renamed as Suhrawardy Udyan).

The temple was bulldozed by the Pakistan Army on 27 March 1971 during the genocide of the Bangladesh Liberation War

References

Hindu temples in Bangladesh
Dhaka
Federal Cabinet of Pakistan

The Cabinet of Pakistan is headed by the Prime Minister. It plays an important role in the  Government of Pakistan.

Politics of Pakistan
John Walsh

John Edward Walsh (born December 26, 1945) is an American television personality, criminal investigator, human and victim rights advocate and the host of America's Most Wanted. He began his crime investigation career when his son, Adam Walsh was murdered by Ottis Toole in 1981.

Walsh was born on December 26, 1945 in Auburn, New York. He studied at the University of Buffalo. He has been married to Revé Drew since 1971. He had four children; Adam, Meghan, Callahan, and Hayden Walsh. In 2008, Walsh was awarded the Operation Kids Lifetime Achievement Award.

References

Other websites

America's Most Wanted  Profile of John Walsh

1945 births
Living people
American activists
American television presenters
Television personalities from New York
Robert Ripley

LeRoy Robert Ripley (February 22, 1890 – May 27, 1949) or Mr. Ripley was an American cartoonist, entrepreneur and amateur anthropologist, who created the world famous Ripley's Believe It or Not! newspaper panel series, radio show, and television show which feature odd 'facts' from around the world.

Ripley was born on December 26, 1890 in Santa Rosa, California. He was married to Beatrice Roberts from 1919 until they divorced in 1926. Ripley lived in New York City, New York, Los Angeles, California, Chicago, Illinois, Miami, Florida, Bedford, Iowa, and in Santa Rosa, California. Ripley died on May 27, 1949, in New York City, New York from a heart attack, aged 58.

References

Other websites
 
Robert Leroy Ripley's grave
Ripley biography 
Ripley Entertainment

1890 births
1949 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
American television personalities
American radio personalities
American inventors
American cartoonists
American anthropologists
Businesspeople from California
Jonathan Goldsmith

Jonathan Goldsmith (born September 26, 1938) or Jonathan Lippe is an American movie, television, stage, and voice actor. He is known for playing "The Most Interesting Man in the World" in the Dos Equis commercials starting in 2007.

Goldsmith was born in September 26, 1938 in New York City, New York to a Jewish family. He studied at Boston University. He was married to Barbara Goldsmith since 2006. He now lives in Marina del Rey, California and in Manchester, Vermont.

References

Other websites

1938 births
Living people
Actors from New York City
American movie actors
American stage actors
American television actors
American voice actors
Boston University alumni
Jewish American actors
Synodontis courteti

Synodontis courteti is a species of upside-down catfish. It lives in the countries of the Niger and Chad Basins.  This species grows to a length of  SL.

References
 

Catfish
Abdul Mateen Chauhdry

Abdul Mateen Chowdhury (1895-1948) was a lawyer and Bengali political leader, who was active in the All India Muslim Leagues Pakistan Movement. 

He died in 1948 in Karachi, Pakistan, a year after the achievement of Pakistan.

1895 births
1948 deaths
Pakistani politicians
Muslim League
Leaders of All India Muslim League
Pig-nosed turtle

The pig-nosed turtle (Carettochelys insculpta), also known as the pitted-shelled turtle or Fly River turtle, is a species of turtle native to northern Australia and southern New Guinea.

Description 
The Pig-nosed turtle is a very large freshwater turtle, with a shell length of 60-70 centimetres. It is grey to greyish brown in colour on the upper surface, and white to yellow in colour on the lower surface. It has broad paddle-like flippers, each with two claws. Its shell is covered by a soft-pitted skin, instead of the hard scutes that cover the shells of most turtles.

Turtles
Muhammad Hayat Khan

Nawab Muhammad Hayat Khan, CSI (1833–1901), Khattar was an Indian Muslim administrator who had a distinguished career in British India. He belonged to Wah area of Northern Punjab.

Early life and career
Muhammad Hayat Khan was a son of Karam Khan, a Punjabi Muslim chieftain of the Khattar tribe who was against Sikh rule in his area and wished to remove it. 

He thus sided with the British East India Company and was killed in 1848. His sons, including Muhammad Hayat, were raised and educated by the British Indian officers like John Nicholson and James Abbott. 

He was eventually selected to become Nicholson's orderly and Persian language interpreter. In 1857, when the Indian Mutiny (or First Indian War of Independence) broke out, he accompanied Nicholson and his military force to Delhi to counter the rebels there, who were trying to win over the last Mughal Emperor Bahadur Shah II, to their cause.

Career
In September 1857, when John Nicholson was mortally wounded on an assault on Delhi by the British, Muhammad Hayat looked after him until he died. Before dying, Nicholson recommended him to Sir John Lawrence, Chief Commissioner of the Punjab and later its first Governor. Muhammad Hayat was thus given a series of important civil appointments in the Punjab province by the grateful British, and after serving as an Assistant Commissioner, Deputy Commissioner and then Sessions Judge, he eventually became the first Muslim native to be appointed as a member of the Punjab Legislative Council.

In 1899 he was given a CSI award and given the title of 'Nawab' in recognition of his long and meritorious services to the British Raj. He was also a close friend of Sir Syed Ahmed Khan and a firm supporter of the Aligarh Movement for Muslim education, which resulted in the foundation of the MAO College (later Aligarh Muslim University) in India.

Death and legacy
He died in December 1901, at his native village Wah, North Punjab, British India. Two of his sons, Sir Liaqat Hayat and Sir Sikandar Hayat Khan went on to be famous in their own right.

References

1833 births
1901 deaths
People of British India
Punjabi people
Thomas Moore

Thomas Moore (28 May 1779 – 25 February 1852) was an Irish writer, poet and music composer. 

His most famous works in include Irish Melodies and Lalla Rookh. He also edited a volume of the Letters and Journals of Lord Byron in 1830.

1779 births
1852 deaths
Irish writers
Irish poets
Irish composers
T. E. Lawrence

Colonel T.E. Lawrence (in full Thomas Edward Lawrence), better known in history as Lawrence of Arabia (16 August 1888 – 19 May 1935), was a British Army officer, explorer, scholar, writer, military strategist and linguist. He was born in Tremadog, Caernarfonshire, Wales. He studied History at University of Oxford. He joined the Army by taking part in the Officers' Training Corps at Oxford. He is best known for having helped the Arabs organize themselves against the Turks during the First World War. 

His memoirs of the time spent with the Arabs, The Seven Pillars of Wisdom (1926), is a well-known work of literature. He died in 1935 in a motorcycle accident in Dorset.  

1888 births
1935 deaths
British explorers
British military people
British writers
Road accident deaths in the United Kingdom
Richard Lovelace

Richard Lovelace (1618-1657) was an English writer, poet, soldier and Royalist, who is considered by many to be the 'perfect Cavalier'. 

Educated at Charterhouse and Oxford University, he took part in expeditions by the troops of King Charles I against various rebels from 1639 to 1642. In 1642, returning to his estates, he was nominated to present a Royalist petition to a hostile Parliament, for which he was ordered to prison by this elected body. During his short term in prison, he wrote one of his most famous poems, 'To Althea, from Prison'. He later spent many years fighting in France and Spain. 

1618 births
1657 deaths
English writers
English poets
British military people
Elizabeth Barrett Browning

Elizabeth Barrett Browning, born on 6 March 1806, was an English poet of the Victorian era. She began writing poetry at the age of six. She was born in Kelloe, County Durham. Her parents were Edward Barrett Moulton Barrett and Mary Graham Clarke. 

Her first adult collection of poems was published in 1838 and she wrote prolifically between 1841 and 1844. Elizabeth's volume Poems of Sonnets (1844) brought her great success, attracting the admiration of the writer Robert Browning, which led to their marriage. She also made efforts to abolish slavery and child labour.

She died on 29 June 1861 in Florence, Italy (where she was living with her husband) at the age of 55. She suffered from many illnesses from the age of 15.

References 

1806 births
1861 deaths
English poets
People from County Durham
John Nicholson

Brigadier-General John Nicholson (1822-1857) was a British officer of the East India Company, who served and died in British India. He is especially famous today and remembered as the 'Saviour of Delhi' who gave his life and died at Delhi, in September 1857 during the Indian Mutiny (or First Indian War of Independence), so that the British empire might be saved. 

Nicholson was a very strict and honest administrator, and always took stern action to check crime and dishonesty. Because of this, he was deified (made into  a deity, or god) by some Indian people in his lifetime. The people who worshiped him were called Nikal Saynis. 

Nicholson was buried near Delhi when he died but there is a famous monument, the Nicholson Memorial (also called Nicholson's Obelisk) near Taxila in Pakistan. This was made here by the British people ruling here many years ago, because Nicholson had spent a lot of time in that area.

Related pages
 East India Company
 Indian Rebellion of 1857
 Nawab Muhammad Hayat Khan

1822 births
1857 deaths
People of British India
Herbert Benjamin Edwardes

Herbert Benjamin Edwardes KCB, KCSI (1819-1868) was an English administrator, soldier and statesman of British India. He served mostly in the Punjab and the Punjab Frontier (later renamed the North-West Frontier Province, and today the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan). His name lives on there in the Edwardes College, Peshawar. 

1819 births
1868 deaths
British military people
People of British India
Henry Lawrence

Sir Henry Lawrence (in full Henry Montgomery Lawrence) (28 June 1806-4 July 1857) was a senior British officer and administrator of British India. He was the first Chief Commissioner of the Punjab after its annexation by the British, following the Second Anglo-Sikh War. He died whilst defending Lucknow against a force of rebels, during the Indian Mutiny (or First Indian War of Independence) in July 1857. 

His younger brother, Sir John Lawrence, 1st Baron Lawrence, later succeeded Sir Henry in the Punjab and became the province's first Lieutenant-Governor. 

1806 births
1857 deaths
British military people
People of British India
Edward James Corbett

Jim Corbett   (25 July 1875 – 19 April 1955) was a British hunter, author and naturalist. He is famous for his hunting exploits in British India, which he recorded in his books. 

Edward James Corbett was born of Irish ancestry in the town of Nainital in the Kumaon of the Himalaya (now in the Indian state of Uttarakhand). Jim grew up in a large family of 13 children and was the eighth child of Willam Christopher and Mary Jane Corbett. His parents had moved to Nainital in 1862, after Christopher Corbett had been appointed postmaster of the town.

1875 births
1955 deaths
British writers
People of British India
British naturalists
Campervan

Campervans are self-propelled vehicles that can provide transport and sleeping accommodation. The term campervan mainly represents vans which are fitted out, with a custom built body for use as accommodation. In the United States, the vans are also known as recreational vehicles or RVs and are larger than in Europe. Such vehicles sometimes have a refrigerator, microwave oven, showers and televisions.

Car classifications
Land vehicles