cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Concertina

A concertina is a musical instrument that makes sounds using air pushed and pulled through reeds using a bellows. The fingers push buttons at both ends of the instrument.

The Anglo concertina has the bass notes at the left side and makes other tones pushing than pulling a button.

The English concertina makes the same tone pushing and pulling a button.

The duet concertinas have the bass notes at the left side and make the same tone pushing and pulling a button.
The Hayden duet concertina has the same fingering for all scales. It has a shifted 6-plus-6 keyboard layout.

Related pages
 Bandoneon

Other websites

Keyboard instruments
Army of the Pharaohs

Army of the Pharaohs is a hip-hop supergroup from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The supergroup was formed in 1998 by Jedi Mind Tricks' Vinnie Paz. Currently the group has 15 members.

Members 
Current
 Apathy
 Block McCloud
 Celph Titled
 Crypt the Warchild 
 Demoz
 Des Devious
 Doap Nixon
 Esoteric
 King Magnetic
 Jus Allah
 Journalist
 King Syze
 Planetary
 Reef the Lost Cauze
 Vinnie Paz

Former
 7L
 Virtuoso
 Bahamadia
 Chief Kamachi
 Faez One
 Stoupe the Enemy of Mankind

Discography

Studio albums
 The Torture Papers (2006)
 Ritual of Battle (2007)
 The Unholy Terror (2010)

EP's
 The Five Perfect Exertions EP (1998)

Mixtapes/Compilations
 Rare Shit, Collabos and Freestyles (Compilation) (2003)
 The Bonus Papers (Mixtape) (2006)
 After Torture There's Pain (Mixtape) (2007)

Other websites 
 Army of the Pharaohs Official website 

Hip hop bands
Musical groups from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
1998 establishments in the United States
1990s establishments in Pennsylvania
Skullcandy

Skullcandy is an American company. It makes headphones and earphones. Skullcandy is a privately held company. It is based in Park City, Utah. It was founded in 2003 by Rick Alden.

Skullcandy sponsors professional athletes in snowboarding, skiing, skateboarding, wakeboarding, motocross, and biking. They are partners with the X Games, Zumiez Couch Tour, South by Southwest, and the Vans Warped Tour.

References

2003 establishments in the United States
American technology companies
Park City, Utah
Companies based in Utah
Amor Prohibido

Amor Prohibido () is the name of Selena's fifth studio album. Amor Prohibido is known as one of the biggest-selling Latin album of all time, being certified by the RIAA for shipping 2 million copies. The album had four number-one singles on the Billboard Hot Latin Tracks chart, the only Spanish album by a female to do so.

Track listing

Personnel
Chris Pérez, Henry Gomez - Guitar
Rafael Garza, Rene Gasca - Trumpet
Gilbert Garza- Trombone
Johnny Saenz- Accordion
Selena - Vocals
Ricky Vela, Joe Ojeda - Keyboards
A.B. Quintanilla III - Bass
Suzette Quintanilla - Drums
Stephanie Lynn- Background Vocals
Rick Alvarez - Background Vocals
Rock 'N' Roll James - Background Vocals

Charts
Album

Certifications 
Notes
<small>Note that RIAA has launched its Oro y De Platino certification scheme for those albums the 50% of the content of which are in Spanish, initially, the award-levels for Oro y De Platino were: Gold=100,000 and Platinum=200,000. In February 2008, RIAA reduced the certification-award-levels for Oro y De Platino to Gold=50,000 and Platinum=100,000.

Tour 
The Amor Prohibido Tour was the final concert tour for American singer Selena. The tour grossed over $60 million. In February 1995, Selena performed at the Houston Astrodome. She performed to the record-breaking audience of over 60,000 fans. This was more than country singers such as George Strait, Vince Gill and Reba McEntire.

References 

1994 albums
Selena albums
Milden

Milden is a village and civil parish in Babergh, Suffolk, England. In 2001, there were 106 people living in Milden. It has a church called St Peter.

References 

Civil parishes in Suffolk
Villages in Suffolk
Settlements in Babergh
Kersey

Kersey is a village and civil parish in Babergh, Suffolk, England. In 2001, there were 349 people living in Kersey. It also includes Kersey Tye, Kersey Upland, Wicker Street Green and William’s Green.

References

Other websites 
 GENUKI

Civil parishes in Suffolk
Villages in Suffolk
Settlements in Babergh
Newton, Suffolk

Newton is a village and civil parish in Babergh, Suffolk, England. In 2001, there were 497 people living in Newton.

References 

Civil parishes in Suffolk
Villages in Suffolk
Settlements in Babergh
Long Melford

Long Melford is a village and civil parish north of Sudbury in Babergh, Suffolk, England. In 2001, there were 3,433 people living in Long Melford.

References 

Civil parishes in Suffolk
Villages in Suffolk
Settlements in Babergh
Lindsey

Lindsey is a village and civil parish in Babergh, Suffolk, England. In 2001, there were 187 people living in Lindsey.

References 

Civil parishes in Suffolk
Villages in Suffolk
Settlements in Babergh
Polstead

Polstead is a village and civil parish in Babergh, Suffolk, England. In 2001 there were 808 people living in Polstead. It is famous for the Red Barn Murder that happened there in 1827. It includes the hamlets of Mill Street, Polstead Heath, Hadleigh Heath, Bower House Tye and Whitestreet Green.

Red Barn Murder 

The Red Barn Murder was a murder (killing) that happened in Polstead in 1827. A man named William Corder shot his lover, Maria Marten. The Red Barn was a local landmark. Marten and Corder were going to meet at the barn and then elope to (run away and get married) Ipswich. Corder ran away to London and married another woman. He sent Marten's family letters that said that Maria was happy and healthy.

Maria Marten's mother had dreams about the murder. In the dreams, Maria's ghost pointed to where she was buried in the barn. On April 19, 1828, Maria's body was found in a sack (a bag) in a bin for holding grain. The London police found Corder and arrested him. They also found two pistols that he had bought the day of the murder.

The trial started on August 7, 1828. It was held at Shire Hall in Bury St Edmunds. William Corder was charged with killing Maria Marten by shooting and stabbing her. He was also charged with forgery. There were a total of 9 charges. He pleaded not guilty.

The jury deliberated for only 35 minutes. (Deliberating is when the people in the jury talk and try to decide if the person is guilty or not guilty.) Corder was found guilty. He was sentenced to death by hanging. The judge ordered that after he was dead his body was to be dissected.

William Corder died on August 11, 1828 just before noon. He was hanged at the gallows in Bury St Edmunds. Many people showed up to see him die. One newspaper said there were 7,000 people who showed up. Another newspaper said there were 20,000. After he was dead, the body was taken back to the courtroom. More than 5,000 people came to the courtroom to see Corder's body. His body was dissected the next day. His skeleton was put on display in the Hunterian Museum at the Royal College of Surgeons of England. In 2004, it was taken down and cremated.

References 

Civil parishes in Suffolk
Villages in Suffolk
Great Waldingfield

Great Waldingfield is a village and civil parish in Babergh, Suffolk, England. In 2001, there were 1,457 people living in Great Waldingfield.

References 

Civil parishes in Suffolk
Villages in Suffolk
Settlements in Babergh
Little Waldingfield

Little Waldingfield is a village and civil parish in Babergh, Suffolk, England. In 2001, there were 350 people living in Little Waldingfield.

References 

Civil parishes in Suffolk
Villages in Suffolk
Settlements in Babergh
Assington

Assington is a village and civil parish in Babergh, Suffolk, England. In 2001 there were 371 people living in Assington.

References 

Settlements in Babergh
Civil parishes in Suffolk
Villages in Suffolk
Chelsworth

Chelsworth is a village and civil parish in Babergh, Suffolk, England. In 2001, 146 people lived in Chelsworth.

References 

Villages in Suffolk
Civil parishes in Suffolk
Settlements in Babergh
Semer

Semer is a village and civil parish in Babergh, Suffolk, England. In 2001, there were 158 people living in Semer.

References 

Civil parishes in Suffolk
Villages in Suffolk
Raydon

Raydon is a village and civil parish in Babergh, Suffolk, England. In 2001, there were 487 people living in Raydon.

References 

Civil parishes in Suffolk
Villages in Suffolk
Settlements in Babergh
Freston, Suffolk

Freston is a village and civil parish in Babergh, Suffolk, England. In 2001, there were 122 people living in Freston.

References 

Civil parishes in Suffolk
Villages in Suffolk
Settlements in Babergh
Hintlesham

Hintlesham is a village and civil parish on the A1071 road in Babergh, Suffolk, England. In 2001, there were 564 people living in Hintlesham.

References 

Civil parishes in Suffolk
Villages in Suffolk
Settlements in Babergh
Higham, Babergh

Higham is a village and civil parish in Babergh, Suffolk, England. In 2001, there were 132 people living in Higham.

References 

Civil parishes in Suffolk
Villages in Suffolk
Settlements in Babergh
Cliburn

Cliburn is a village and civil parish in Eden, Cumbria, England. In 2001 there were 204 people living in Cliburn. It has a church called St Cuthbert's Church.

References

Other websites 
 http://www.thecumbriadirectory.com/Town_or_Village/location.php?url=cliburn

Villages in Cumbria
Civil parishes in Cumbria
Hitcham, Suffolk

Hitcham is a village and civil parish in Babergh, Suffolk, England. In 2001, there were 596 people living in Hitcham.

References 

Civil parishes in Suffolk
Villages in Suffolk
Settlements in Babergh
Morland

Morland is a village and civil parish in Eden, Cumbria, England. In 2001 there were 380 people living in Morland.

References 

Eden
Civil parishes in Cumbria
Villages in Cumbria
Bildeston

Bildeston is a village and civil parish in Babergh, Suffolk, England. In 2001, there were 1,011 people living in Bildeston.

References 

Settlements in Babergh
Villages in Suffolk
Aldham

Aldham is a village and civil parish in Babergh, Suffolk, England. In 2005, there were 200 people living in Aldham.  It is around eight miles west of Ipswich.

References 

Settlements in Babergh
Villages in Suffolk
Civil parishes in Suffolk
Little Cornard

Little Cornard is a village and civil parish in Babergh, Suffolk, England. In 2001, there were 305 people living in Little Cornard.

References

Other websites

 

Civil parishes in Suffolk
Villages in Suffolk
Settlements in Babergh
Worldwatch Institute

The Worldwatch Institute is an environmental organization based in Washington, D.C.  It helps to tell people who make policy and the public about the world economy and the environment. 

Worldwatch Institute publications include The State of the World report, which is about urgent global environmental problems and new ideas for fixing them.

History
 1974—The institute was founded by Lester Brown.
 1975—The first Worldwatch Paper was published.
 1984—First State of the World published.
 1988—World Watch Magazine was launched.
 1992—Vital Signs, Worldwatch's third annual series, was started.
 2000—Christopher Flavin became President of Worldwatch in October.
 2008—Worldwatch hosted the 20th Anniversary of the James Hansen hearings.
 2011—Robert Engelman became President of Worldwatch in October.

References

Environmental organizations
Organizations in Washington, D.C.
1974 establishments in the United States
1970s establishments in Washington, D.C.
Quantum gravity

Quantum gravity is an area of research in physics. Right now, physics is able to describe gravity of real-life sized objects using general relativity. Physicists can also describe the universe on a microscopic scale with quantum mechanics. The goal of quantum gravity is to develop a theory which contains both general relativity and quantum mechanics. However, combining the theories of the big and the small is very difficult in practice. 

Physicists are working on a number of ways to write down a theory of quantum gravity. One approach is to search for a unified field theory. Physicists also try to develop theories at an even more fundamental level, like string theory, loop quantum gravity, or other methods, to find out why our current theories of gravity and quantum mechanics cannot be combined.

Physics
Metroad 5, Sydney

Metroad 5 is a metroad. It is 47km long. It is the only metroad in Sydney to be fully freeway standard. It starts from Campbelltown at the Narellan Road (Metroad 9) interchange and ends at General Holmes Drive near Sydney Airport. The suburbs Metroad 5 passes include Liverpool and Campbelltown. The South Western Motorway and the M5 Freeway are part of the metroad. Some of the exits are Campbelltown Road, Westlink M7 (Metroad 7), Hume Highway, Moorebank Avenue, Heathcote Road, Henry Lawson Drive, The River Road, Fairford Road (Metroad 6), Belmore Road, King Georges Road (Metroad 3) and Marsh Street. The M5 East Freeway Tunnel is a major tunnel in Metroad 5.

Metroad 5, Sydney
Wonderama

Wonderama was a long-running children's television program. It appeared on Metromedia-owned stations from 1955 to 1986. The show was made at  WNEW-TV in New York City.

Wonderama also was run in five other markets in which Metromedia owned television stations, including WTTG in Washington D.C., KMBC-TV in Kansas City, KTTV in Los Angeles, WXIX-TV in Cincinnati and WTCN-TV in Minneapolis – Saint Paul. The show ran three hours long, and later two hours on Sunday mornings.

Hosts
Al Hodge (as Captain Video 1955 - 1956)
Jon Gnagy (mid late 1950s)
Sandy Becker (1955–56)
Pat Meikle (co-hosting from 1955 to 1956)
Herb Sheldon (1956–1958)
Bill Britten (best known as New York's Bozo the Clown, co-host in 1958)
Doris Faye (co-host in 1958)
Sonny Fox (1959–1967)
Bob McAllister (1967–1977)
 A documentary hosted by teens (1980–1985)

The Bob McAllister years
Despite the frequent turnover of hosts throughout the 1950s, Wonderama experienced its greatest viewership by way of one-time Baltimore kids' show host Bob McAllister, who replaced Sonny Fox as host in 1967 and remained host until 1977.

Each show's taping included (but was not necessarily limited to) education, music, audience participation, games, interviews and cartoon shorts.  
Each week, audience members received a package of parting gifts with some items, including:
An Oral-B toothbrush
An issue of Dynamite Magazine or Golden Magazine
A supply of Good Humor ice cream
A box of Hostess Twinkies
A 6-pack of RC Cola
A tube of Hold! cough lozenges
A package of Fruit Stripe Gum
A gift certificate for Burger King or McDonald's
A pack of Lender's Bagelettes.(Each child also got a necklace made from a Lenders Bagelette which had either their name or their last initial painted on it.)
A 45 record of one of the music artists who performed on the Wonderama episode each week.

McAllister  sang the program's closing theme song. It was called Kids Are People Too ("wacka-doo, wacka-doo, wacka-doo"). This later became the show's title when it moved to ABC on Sunday mornings.

Many stars from all genres of entertainment (music, movies, television, etc.) appeared on Wonderama, including:
The Sylvers
ABBA
Jerry Lewis
Jodie Foster
Paul Lynde
Muhammad Ali
Joe Frazier
José Feliciano
The Jackson 5
The cast of Monty Python
The Amazing Randi
Wolfman Jack
Lena Zavaroni
..and numerous others.

1980 revival
Beginning in 1980, a documentary/magazine show for children (and hosted by teens) ran on Sunday mornings on WNEW-TV.  While this show maintained the Wonderama title, the show itself was nothing like the kids festival that it once was.  This hour-long incarnation ran until 1983; reruns edited to 30 minutes aired from 1984 to 1986 on WNEW-TV/WNYW on Saturday mornings.

Other websites

YouTube Video of "Snake Cans" game.
Metacafe Video of Ali vs. Frazier Marble championship.

American children's television series
English-language television programs
Sonny Fox

Irwin "Sonny" Fox (June 17, 1925 – January 24, 2021) was an American television host, executive, and broadcasting consultant. He was the fourth full-time host of the children's television program, Wonderama.

Fox died on January 24, 2021 from COVID-19 in Los Angeles, aged 95.

References

1925 births
2021 deaths
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States
Television personalities from New York City
Businesspeople from New York City
Unsportsmanlike conduct

Unsportsmanlike conduct (or unsporting behaviour, or ungentlemanly conduct) describes a kind of action by professional sportspeople. It is when a player or team acts during the game in a way  that is not professional or is offensive. It is different to cheating or breaking the rules. Unsportsmanlike conduct is something most players and fans dislike. The official rules of many sports include a rule so that a referee can call unsportsmanlike conduct on a team or player. There may be a fine or penalty.

Sports
The Color of Money (movie)

The Color of Money is a 1986 American sports drama movie about pool players. It was released in 1986. The movie stars Paul Newman, Tom Cruise, and Mary Elizabeth Mastrantonio. Martin Scorsese was the director. It is the sequel to The Hustler. Newman won the Academy Award for Best Actor for his performance, his first Oscar win after eight nominations, seven of them for Best Actor.

Release dates

References

Other websites 

1986 movies
1980s drama movies
1980s sports movies
Academy Award winning movies
English-language movies
Movies directed by Martin Scorsese
Sequel movies
Sports drama movies
Love Will Tear Us Apart

"Love Will Tear Us Apart" is a song by the British post-punk band Joy Division.

1980 songs
Unknown Pleasures

Unknown Pleasures is English post-punk band Joy Division's first album. It was released in 1979 through Factory Records. Martin Hannett produced the record at Strawberry Studios, Stockport, England

1979 albums
Debut albums
Punk albums
Closer (Joy Division album)

Closer is the second and final album by post-punk band Joy Division. It was released on , two months after the suicide of lead singer Ian Curtis.

1980 albums
Punk albums
Asphalt

Asphalt, or bitumen,  is a sticky, black and highly viscous liquid or semi-solid, composed almost entirely of petroleum.  It is present in most crude petroleums and in some natural deposits. It is the material which made the La Brea tar pits.

Its main use is in road construction. Mixed with "aggregate" (sand, gravel, crushed stone, etc.) it makes a good road surface. It has various other names: pitch, tarmac, blacktop, asphalt concrete, asphalt pavement (US), all mean roughly the same thing.

Asphalt which is liquid is often called tar. Tar is also used for plant resin. Solid asphalt is often called pitch. 

Although  a block of asphalt or pitch can look like a solid, it still flows, but very slowly. There have been a few "pitch experiments" to see how long it takes for a drip to form and drop off a block of apparently solid pitch.

Related pages 
 Tar

References

Building materials
Hydrocarbons
Alpheton

Alpheton is a village and civil parish on the A134 road in Babergh, Suffolk, England. In 2001 there were 242 people living in Alpheton.

References 

Villages in Suffolk
Settlements in Babergh
Civil parishes in Suffolk
Monks Eleigh

Monks Eleigh is a village and civil parish in Babergh, Suffolk, England. In 2001, there were 425 people living in Monks Eleigh.

References 

Villages in Suffolk
Civil parishes in Suffolk
Settlements in Babergh
Ashby-de-la-Zouch

Ashby-de-la-Zouch is a town and civil parish in Leicestershire, England. In 2001 there were 12,758 people living in Ashby-de-la-Zouch.

References 

Towns in Leicestershire
Civil parishes in Leicestershire
Beverley

Beverley is a town and civil parish in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. In 2001 there were 17,549 people living in Beverley.

References 

Towns in the East Riding of Yorkshire
Scunthorpe

Scunthorpe is a town near the M180 motorway and the M181 motorway in Lincolnshire, England. The ending of the name in thorpe meaning new village in Norse, show it was a Viking settlement.

Scunthorpe is often referred to as an Industrial Garden town.

Scunthorpe has a population of approximately 80,000 people

Scunthorpe is famous for its steelworks.

The football team is called Scunthorpe United

References

Towns in Lincolnshire
Downham Market

Downham Market is a town and civil parish in Norfolk, England. In 2001 there were 6,730 people living in Downham Market.

References 

Towns in Norfolk
Robert Blake (actor)

Robert Blake (born Michael James Vincenzo Gubitosi September 18, 1933 in Nutley, New Jersey, U.S.), is an American actor.

Career 
Robert Blake began his acting career as a child in dozens short films as Joy Scouts (1939), Captain Spanky's Show Boat (1939), The Big Premiere (1940), Good Bad Boys (1940), and the Oscar-winning short film Main Street on the March! (1941). As an adult, Blake he began to play small roles in films like The Black Rose (1950) with Tyrone Power and  directed by Henry Hathaway, The Veils of Bagdad (1953) with Victor Mature, Three Violent People (1956) with Charlton Heston, Pork Chop Hill (1959) with Gregory Peck. He also had a role in The Greatest Story Ever Told (1965), playing the role of Simon the Zealot. Robert Blake shot to fame when playing Perry in the film In Cold Blood (1967) based on the book by Truman Capote, and directed by Richard Brooks. Another performance was playing a deranged police officer motorized in Electra Glide in Blue (1973) for this film Blake was nominated for a Golden Globe.

Television 
Robert Blake has had a long and successful career in television. His great works include Baretta as Det. Tony Baretta. Robert Blake played for 82 episodes broadcast between 1975 and 1978. Blake won a prestigious Emmy Award in 1975 and was nominated again in 1977 and also won Golden Globe in 1975 for Baretta.

Another of his works on television was his portrayal of James Riddle 'Jimmy' Hoffa in Blood Feud (1983) directed by Mike Newell, for which he was nominated for an Emmy and Golden Globe in 1983. One of his last television appearances was in Judgment Day: The John List Story (1993) directed by Bobby Roth, he plays the true story of a religious fanatic who kills his family. This role was one of his best performances and earned him a nomination for an Emmy in 1993.

References 
LIFE 12 January 1968 
Stephen J. Cannell Television Productions: A History of All Series and Pilots by Jon Abbott

Other websites 

1933 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
actors from New Jersey
Bourne

Bourne is a town and civil parish in Lincolnshire, England. In 2001 there were 11,933 people living in Bourne.

References 

Towns in Lincolnshire
Edenbridge

Edenbridge is a town and civil parish in Kent, England. In 2001 there were 7,808 people living in Edenbridge.

References 

Towns in Kent
Newby

Newby is a village and civil parish in Eden, Cumbria, England. In 2001 there were 164 people living in Newby.

References 

Villages in Cumbria
Eden
Colby, Cumbria

Colby is a village and civil parish in Eden, Cumbria, England. In 2001, there were 120 people living in Colby.

References 

Civil parishes in Cumbria
Villages in Cumbria
Eden
Long Marton

Long Marton is a village and civil parish in Eden, Cumbria, England. In 2001 there were 704 people living in Long Marton.

References 

Villages in Cumbria
Civil parishes in Cumbria
Eden
Kirkby Thore

Kirkby Thore is a village and civil parish in Eden, Cumbria, England. In 2001 there were 731 people living in Kirkby Thore.

References 

Villages in Cumbria
Civil parishes in Cumbria
Eden
Foxearth

Foxearth is a village and civil parish in Braintree district, Essex, England. In 2001 there were 303 people living in Foxearth.

References 

Civil parishes in Essex
Villages in Essex
East Grinstead

East Grinstead is a town          and civil parish in West Sussex, England. In 2001 there were 23,942 people living in East Grinstead. It is the home town of the 1990s pop group Right Said Fred. It is on the Meridian Line.

References 

Towns in West Sussex
Petworth

Petworth is a town and civil parish in West Sussex, England. In 2001 there were 2,775 people living in Petworth.

References 

Towns in West Sussex
Evesham

Evesham is a town and civil parish in Worcestershire, England. In 2001 there were 22,304 people living in Evesham.There are many coffee shops and a wonderful park the locals keep tidy

References 

Worcestershire
Towns in Worcestershire
Diss

Diss is a town and civil parish in Norfolk, England. In 2001 there were 6,917 people living in Diss.

References 

Civil parishes in Norfolk
Towns in Norfolk
Frome

Frome is a town and civil parish in Somerset, England. In 2001 there were 24,510 people living in Frome.

References 

Towns in Somerset
Civil parishes in Somerset
Cancion Nacional Chilena

Cancion Nacional Chilena is the national anthem of Chile until 1847. It was written by Bernardo de Vera y Pintado and composed by Manuel Robles.

Lyrics 
Chorus
Dulce Patria, recibe los votos
con que Chile en tus aras juró
que o la tumba serás de los libres
o el asilo contra la opresión.

I
Ciudadanos: el amor sagrado
de la patria os convoca a la lid:
libertad es el eco de alarma
la divisa: triunfar o morir.
El cadalso o la antigua cadena
os presenta el soberbio español:
arrancad el puñal al tirano
quebrantad ese cuello feroz.

II
Habituarnos quisieron tres siglos
del esclavo a la suerte infeliz
que al sonar de sus propias cadenas
más aprende a cantar que a gemir.
Pero el fuerte clamor de la Patria
ese ruido espantoso acalló
y las voces de la Independencia
penetraron hasta el corazón.

III
En sus ojos hermosos la Patria
nuevas luces empieza a sentir
y observando sus altos derechos
se ha encendido en ardor varonil.
De virtud y justicia rodeada
a los pueblos del orbe anunció
que con sangre de Arauco ha firmado
la gran carta de emancipación.

IV
Los tiranos en rabia encendidos
y tocando de cerca su fin
desplegaron la furia impotente,
que aunque en vano se halaga en destruir.
Ciudadanos mirad en el campo
el cadáver del vil invasor...;
que perezca ese cruel que el sepulcro
tan lejano a su cuna buscó

V
Esos valles también ved, chilenos,
que el Eterno quiso bendecir,
y en que ríe la naturaleza
aunque ajada del déspota vil
Al amigo y al deudo más caro
sirven hoy de sepulcro y de honor:
mas la sangre del héroe es fecunda
y en cada hombre cuenta un vengador.

VI
Del silencio profundo en que habitan
esos Manes ilustres, oíd
que os reclamen venganza, chilenos,
y en venganza a la guerra acudid.
De Lautaro, Colo-Colo y Rengo
reanimad el nativo valor
y empeñad el coraje en las fieras
que la España a extinguirnos mandó.

VII
Esos monstruos que cargan consigo
el carácter infame y servil,
¿cómo pueden jamás compararse
con los héroes del Cinco de Abril?
Ellos sirven al mismo tirano
que su ley y su sangre burló;
por la Patria nosotros peleamos
nuestra vida, libertad y honor.
VIII
Por el mar y la tierra amenazan
los secuaces del déspota vil
pero toda la naturaleza
los espera para combatir:
el Pacífico al Sud y Occidente
al Oriente los Andes y el Sol
por el Norte un inmenso desierto
y el centro libertad y unión.

IX
Ved la insignia con que en Chacabuco
al intruso supisteis rendir
y el augusto tricolor que en Maipo
en un día de triunfo nos dio mil.
Vedle ya señoreando el océano
y flameando sobre el fiero león
se estremece a su vista el íbero
nuestros pechos inflama el valor.

X
Ciudadanos, la gloria presida
De la Patria el destino feliz,
i podrán las edades futuras
a sus padres así bendecir.
Venturosas mil veces las vidas
Con que Chile su dicha afianzó.
Si quedare un tirano, su sangre
de los héroes escriba el blasón.

Government of Chile
National anthems
Wincanton

Wincanton is a town near the A303 road in Somerset, England. In 2001 there were 4,639 people living in Wincanton.

References 

Towns in Somerset
Coordination complex

A coordination complex is an inorganic chemical compound where a central atom (usually a metal) has an electron shell which permits it to combine with one or more molecules. These molecules, called ligands, have at least one pair of free electrons for binding.

Chemical compounds
Transition metals
Encyclopédie

Encyclopédie, ou dictionnaire raisonné des sciences, des arts et des métiers () was a general encyclopedia published in France between 1751 and 1772. The full title was Encyclopédie, ou Dictionnaire raisonné des sciences, des arts et des métiers, par une société de gens de lettres, mis en ordre par M. Diderot de l'Académie des Sciences et Belles-Lettres de Prusse, et quant à la partie mathématique, par M. d'Alembert de l'Académie royale des Sciences de Paris, de celle de Prusse et de la Société royale de Londres. 

The Encyclopédie was the first encyclopedia to include contributions from many people, and it was the first to include applied science and engineering. Still, the Encyclopédie is famous above all for representing the thought of the Enlightenment. According to Denis Diderot in the article "Encyclopédie", the Encyclopédie'''s aim was "to change the way people think."

The Encyclopédie was conceived as a translation of Ephraim Chambers's Cyclopaedia (1728). In 1743, the translation was given by the Parisian book publisher André Le Breton to John Mills, an Englishman living in France. In May 1745, Le Breton announced the work as available for sale, but Mills had not done the work. Le Breton beat Mills with a cane. Mills sued for assault, but Le Breton was set free because he was justified. For his new editor, Le Breton chose mathematician Jean Paul de Gua de Malves. In August 1747, Gua de Malves was fired for being a poor leader. Le Breton then hired Diderot and Jean d'Alembert as the new editors. Diderot would remain editor for the next twenty-five years, seeing the Encyclopédie through to completion.

Contributors
Many of the most noted figures of the French Enlightenment contributed to the Encyclopédie, including Voltaire, Rousseau, and Baron d'Holbach. The most prolific contributor wrote 17,266 articles, or about eight per day, between 1759 and 1765.

Statistics

Approximate size of the Encyclopédie'':

 17 volumes of articles, issued from 1751 to 1765
 11 volumes of illustrations, issued from 1762 to 1772
 18,000 pages of text
 75,000 entries
44,000 main articles
28,000 secondary articles
2,500 illustration indices
 20,000,000 words in total

Print run: 4,250 copies (note: even single-volume works in the 18th Century seldom had a print run of more than 1,500 copies)

Quotes
 "If exclusive privileges were not granted, and if the financial system would not tend to concentrate wealth, there would be few great fortunes and no quick wealth.  When the means of growing rich is divided between a greater number of citizens, wealth will also be more evenly distributed; extreme poverty and extreme wealth would be also rare." (Wealth article, Diderot)

References

Other websites

18th-century books
Encyclopedie (Diderot and d'Alembert)
Denis Diderot

Denis Diderot (; 5 October 1713 – 31 July 1784) was a French philosopher, art critic and writer. He was a known figure during the Enlightenment. He is best known for serving as co-founder, chief editor and contributor to the Encyclopédie along with Jean le Rond d'Alembert. 

Diderot died from pulmonary thrombosis in Paris, aged 70.

References

Other websites

1713 births
1784 deaths
Deaths from pulmonary thrombosis
French art critics
French atheists
French critics
French philosophers
French writers
2 Baruch

2 Baruch is a text that was written in the late first century, or the early second century CE. It was  probably written after the destruction of the temple in Jerusalem, in 70 CE, and before the second Roman-Jewish War, 132-135 CE. It is attributed to Baruch ben Neriah and is included in some editions of the Old Testament and the Peshitta, but neither Jews nor Christians regard it as scripture. The Syrian Orthodox Church includes it in the Bible. The text has 87 sections and is also known as Syriac Apocalypse of Baruch and Letter of Baruch to the Nine and a Half Tribes.

Old Testament books
Northbourne

Northbourne is a village and civil parish near Deal in Kent, England. In 2001 there were 793 people living in Northbourne.

References 

Civil parishes in Kent
Villages in Kent
Huntshaw

Huntshaw is a village and civil parish in Torridge, Devon, England. In 2001 there were 120 people living in Huntshaw.

References 

Civil parishes in Devon
Villages in Devon
Torridge
East Bergholt

East Bergholt is a village and civil parish in Babergh, Suffolk, England. In 2001, there were 2,689 people living in East Bergholt.

References 

Villages in Suffolk
Civil parishes in Suffolk
Settlements in Babergh
West Bergholt

West Bergholt is a village and civil parish in Colchester district, Essex, England. In 2001 there were 3,294 people living in West Bergholt.

References 

Civil parishes in Essex
Villages in Essex
Wormingford

Wormingford is a village and civil parish in Colchester district, Essex, England. In 2001 there were 459 people living in Wormingford.

References 

Civil parishes in Essex
Villages in Essex
Stanstead, Suffolk

Stanstead is a village and civil parish in Babergh, Suffolk, England. In 2001, there were 316 people living in Stanstead.

References 

Villages in Suffolk
Civil parishes in Suffolk
Settlements in Babergh
Cavendish, Suffolk

Cavendish is a village and civil parish in St Edmundsbury, Suffolk, England. In 2001 there were 922 people living in Cavendish.

References 

Civil parishes in Suffolk
Villages in Suffolk
Belstead

Belstead is a village and civil parish in Babergh, Suffolk, England. In 2001 there were 189 people living in Belstead.

References 

Civil parishes in Suffolk
Villages in Suffolk
Settlements in Babergh
Rose Green

Rose Green is a hamlet in Lindsey, Babergh, Suffolk, England.

Rose Green has five listed buildings.
A barn owned by Mr D Nesbitt
Chapel Farmhouse
Chapel of St James
A cottage
White Rose Inn

References 

Hamlets in Suffolk
Settlements in Babergh
Flinders Ranges

The Flinders Ranges are a group of mountains in South Australia. They have been listed as one of Australia's outstanding national landscapes. The were named "Flinders Range" in 1839 by explorer Edward John Eyre who was searching for an overland route from Adelaide to Port Lincoln. The ranges were home to the Adnyamathanha, an indigenous Australian people, for thousands of years. Their paintings and rock carvings can be found throughout the area. A large area is protected by the Flinders Ranges National Park. Important towns in the Flinders Ranges include Hawker, Quorn, Wilpena Pound and Leigh Creek.

References

Mountains of South Australia
Mountain ranges of Australia
Glaucoma

Glaucoma is a disease that causes damage to the eye. If a person who has glaucoma does not get help from a doctor, they will not be able to see.

This disease happens because of increased pressure in the eye. The pressure causes damage to the optic nerve. This can cause loss of vision, and may also be painful.

Sometimes, it is hard for a person to know that they have glaucoma. The vision can be lost very slowly. When sight is lost from glaucoma, it cannot be recovered.

There are two kinds of glaucoma, the kind that happens very fast, and the kind that happens slowly, over a long time.

Glaucoma is the second most common cause of blindness in the world.

Genetic component 
There is often a hereditary tendency to glaucoma. A family history of glaucoma is a risk factor. The relative risk of having what is called "primary open-angle glaucoma" (POAG) is increased about two- to four-fold for people who have a sibling with glaucoma.  Glaucoma, particularly primary open-angle glaucoma, is associated with mutations in several different genes

Also, the likelihood of it happening is different in different populations. Glaucoma is the leading cause of blindness in African Americans, who have higher rates of primary open angle glaucoma.

References 

Ophthalmology
Diseases
Tax resistance

Tax resistance is when people do not pay a tax because they are angry at how the government uses the money.

Some people are tax resisters because they feel bad about helping the government do bad things (like war). Some people are tax resisters to protest. Some people are tax resisters to try to cause a government to fall (like Mohandas Gandhi did in India).

Taxation
Civil disobedience
Observation deck

An observation deck is a place up high where people can see things. They are usually on buildings or mountains.

Architectural elements
List of highest mountains

This is a list of the highest mountains in the world. There are at least 109 mountains on Earth that are higher than  above sea level. Most of these are in central or southern Asia. It is hard to measure how tall a mountain is, so these measurements may not be exact. It is also hard to figure out if two peaks close to each other are part of the same mountain or are two different mountains.

List

Gallery

Footnotes

Related pages
 Mountain
 List of mountain peaks by prominence

Other websites
 Summitpost (Has details on 30 of the top 100 peaks)
 Prominence lists (lists all mountains in the world with more than 1,450m of prominence)
 Alpine Club Himalayan index (Gives history of ascents and location of not well known peaks)
 Discussion of often misquoted heights
 Mountains of Northern Kashmir
 Digital elevation data, including all the above peaks and many more worldwide
 Hispar area: expedition reports and maps
 List of highest mountains down to 6750 metres

MOUNTAINS
Aye-aye

The aye-aye (Daubentonia madagascariensis) is a lemur which lives  in rain forests of Madagascar, a large island off the southeast coast of Africa.(madagascar) 

This solitary animal is nocturnal (most active at night). The aye-aye spends most of its time in trees. During the day, it sleeps in a nest  in the fork of a tree. It builds the nest out of leaves and twigs. 

The aye-aye has rodent-like teeth and a special thin middle finger to get at the insect grubs under tree bark. It fills the same ecological niche as  woodpeckers do elsewhere. It taps on trees to find grubs, then gnaws holes in the wood using its forward slanting incisors. Then it sticks in its middle finger to pull the grubs out. 

Lemurs are primates, and so are related to monkeys, apes, and me

References 

Lemuriformes
Mammals of Africa
Merlin

Merlin is a legendary character. He is best known as the wizard in the Arthurian legends. He was King Arthur's guide. Merlin is always a mysterious figure. He rarely gives his reasons for the things he does.  Merlin was probably first written about in Welsh legend. His story is based on parts of several different real and fictional characters. Merlin is usually said to be one with nature, being the source of his enormous power. The Lady of the Lake enchanted him.

Other websites 
 

Arthurian legend
Characters in written fiction
Peter Schöttel

Peter Schöttel (born 26 March 1967 in Vienna, Austria) is an Austrian footballer, who played for SK Rapid Wien and the Austrian football team as defender.

Career
The only club he played for was SK Rapid Wien. From 1997 till 2001 he was captain of the team. During his time with Rapid, he played in a total of 436 matches and scored four goals. For this reason he is a hero for all Rapid supporters. He was voted for the Rapid team of the century. He played for Rapid in the 1996 UEFA Cup Winners Cup Final against Paris St Germain in Brussels, which Rapid lost.

He played 63 matches for the Austrian football team from 1988 to 2002. He played for them in the FIFA World Cup 1990 and 1998.

After his player career he started as coach of the amateur squad of Rapid. In 2003 he became sports manager of the club, but in 2007 he quit due to continuing criticism. He became coach of the Wiener Sportklub for one year, then manager of the First Vienna FC. Since 2009 he has been coach of SC Magna Wiener Neustadt in the Austrian Bundesliga. In 2011 he went as a new coach to his former club SK Rapid Wien.

Honours
Austrian Football Bundesliga (3):
 1987, 1988, 1996
Austrian Cup (2):
 1987, 1995

Other websites
Career stats – National Football Teams

Austrian footballers
1967 births
Austrian football managers
Players of the Austrian national football team
Living people
SV Grödig managers
SK Rapid Wien managers
SC Wiener Neustadt managers
Vim

Vim is a text editor made by Bram Moolenaar. Moolenaar publicly released Vim on November 2, 1991.

Vim stands for Vi IMproved. Vim is an improved version of the vi text editor, an editor created by Bill Joy in 1976. Vim is free, and the source code is publicly available on GitHub. It is available in multiple languages, and it works on multiple operating systems, including Windows, Linux, and macOS. Vim can be used from either a command-line interface or a graphical user interface.

While Vim can be hard to use, there are built-in commands new users can learn from reading the Vim user manual, running the :help command in Vim, or using the vimtutor command in a terminal.

Vim is widely popular because it allows users to perform many functions on a document (save, search, scroll, etc.) by pressing as few keys as possible. However, many critics argue that these keystrokes are confusing.

One can customize Vim using a .vimrc file. To add new features like keyboard shortcuts, one can use Vim script, Vim’s built-in programming language. Many Vim plugins and extensions are also available online for free.

There is an Internet turf war between programmers that prefer Vim and programmers that prefer Emacs, another common text editor.

Gallery

References

Other websites 

 

Free software
Computer programming
Linux software
Criollo (people)

The Criollos (singular: Criollo) were a social class in the caste system of the overseas colonies established by Spain in the 16th century, especially in Latin America. The name was used for people of pure or mostly Spanish blood, but who were born in the colony.

The Criollo class was seen as lower than the Peninsulares. Peninsulares were the people who lived in the colony, but were born in Spain. Criollos were higher status/rank than all other castes. Examples of other castes are people of mixed descent, Amerindians, and enslaved Africans.

The term Criollo is often translated into English as Creole.  However, the word "creole" is also used for many ethnic groups around the world who have no historic connection to Spain or to any colonial system.

Criollos and the wars of independence
Until 1760, the Spanish colonies were ruled under laws designed by the Spanish Habsburgs. They gave the American provinces great independence. The situation changed with the Bourbon Reforms during the reign of Charles III.

Spain needed to get more money from its colonies for the European and global wars it was fighting so it could maintain the Spanish Empire. The Crown made the Penisulares more important, and they took over many administrative offices which had been filled by Criollos. At the same time, reforms by the Catholic Church reduced the roles and privileges of the lower ranks of the clergy, who were mostly Criollos.

By the 19th century, this unfair policy of the Spanish Crown and the examples of the American and French revolutions, led the Criollos to rebel against the Peninsulares.  With increasing support of the other castes, they started to fight Spain in for independence (1809–1826).

References

Ethnic groups in South America
History of South America
16th-century establishments
Grumman G-21 Goose

The Grumman G-21 Goose is an amphibious aircraft, which means it can land and take off on water. It was designed as an eight-seat "commuter" plane for businessmen in the Long Island area. The Goose was Grumman’s first monoplane to fly. It was also Grumman's first twin-engined aircraft as well as their first aircraft to provide commercial service. During World War II, the Goose was used to transport the US military (including the Coast Guard). It served with many other air forces. During battles, the Goose took on an increasing number of combat and training roles. It was also used after the war.

Design and development

In 1936, some rich residents of Long Island, such as E. Roland Harriman, asked Grumman to build them an aircraft. They would use this aircraft to fly to New York City. The G-21 was designed after this. It was an all-metal, high-winged monoplane powered by two  Pratt & Whitney R-985 Wasp Jr. nine-cylinder, air-cooled radial engines mounted on the leading edge of high-set wings. The deep fuselage served also as a hull and had hand-cranked retractable landing gear. First flight of the prototype took place on May 29, 1937.

The fuselage was very versatile. It had a lot of interior space. So it could be used as luxury or transport airliner. There were plans to market the G-21 as an amphibian airliner.

References
Notes

Bibliography

 Donald, David, ed. American Warplanes of World War II. London: Aerospace Publishing, 1995. .
 Francillon, René J. and Gary L. Killion. "Sauce for the Goose - turbine style". Air International, July 1993, Vol. 45, No 1, pp. 53–57. Stamford, UK:Key Publishing.  ISSN 0306-5634.
 Green, William. War Planes of the Second World War: Volume Five Flying Boats. London:Macdonald, 1968. .
 March, Daniel J., ed. British Warplanes of World War II. London: Aerospace Publishing, 1998. .
 Swanborough, Gordon and Peter M. Bowers. United States Navy Aircraft since 1911. London: Putnam, Second edition, 1976. .
 Thruelsen, Richard. The Grumman Story. New York: Praeger Publishers, Inc., 1976. .
 Winchester, Jim, ed. "Grumman Goose/Mallard." Biplanes, Triplanes and Seaplanes (The Aviation Factfile). Rochester, Kent, UK: Grange Books plc, 2004. .

Other websites
 Grumman Goose at the Smithsonian 
 Goose Central/ Biggest database on the Grumman Goose in the world
 Antilles Seaplanes - Home of the G-21G Super Goose

Aircraft
G-21
List of FIFA country codes

There are currently 211 FIFA members, each one with a different country code.

Non-FIFA member codes

The following codes refer to countries or dependent areas that are currently not affiliated with FIFA, but whose codes either appear in the FIFA results database, or are used regularly by confederation websites.

Abnormal codes
The following codes mean countries that do not have anything to do with FIFA.  Even though they are members of their local groups, these codes are not usually used by FIFA.

Obsolete country codes
The following codes are obsolete because a country has ceased to exist, changed its name, changed its code, or has become part of another country.

FIFA, IOC and ISO differences

Although most FIFA codes are the same as the International Olympic Committee country codes at the Olympic Games, there are still some changes between them:

References 

country codes
Football-related lists
Lists of countries
Country codes
The Lady Killer

The Lady Killer is the third studio album by American singer Cee Lo Green. It was released November 5, 2010, on Elektra Records. Salaam Remi, ELEMENT, The Smeezingtons, Fraser T. Smith, Paul Epworth, and Jack Splash produced the album. This was during 2009 to 2010.

The album was listed at number nine on the US Billboard 200 chart in its first week. It sold 41,000 copies in the week after its debut. Its first single, "Fuck You" did well internationally. The album has sold 337,700 copies in the United States. It has been certified platinum in the United Kingdom. Upon its release, The Lady Killer received positive reviews from most music critics. They praised it for its production, classicist soul music approach, and Green's singing.

References 

2010 albums
CeeLo Green albums
Comparison of IOC, FIFA, and ISO 3166 country codes

This table compares IOC, FIFA, and ISO 3166 country codes.

Former countries and former country names 
Codes are shown with their last year of use.

References

Other websites
  "Official abbreviations" at The Games of the XVIII Olympiad, Tokyo, 1964, [p. 9 of 409 PDF]

 

 
Country codes
ISO 3166

ISO 3166 is a standard made by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and it uses short codes to name all countries and some other places. People from all over the world can use the same codes; this is helpful because different languages have different names for many countries. For example, the country English-speakers call Spain is called España by Spanish-speakers. The ISO 3166 has three codes for Spain: ES, ESP, and 724. No other country has any of these codes.