cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Andre Igoudala

Andre Tyler Iguodala (; born January 28, 1984) is an American professional basketball player. He plays for the Golden State Warriors of the National Basketball Association (NBA). In 2015 he was named most valuable player (MVP) of the NBA Finals.

Iguodala went to Lanphier High School in Springfield, Illinois. He then played for the Arizona Wildcats basketball team at the University of Arizona. While playing for Arizona, the Wildcats made it to the NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championship both seasons.  

After completing two years, he put his name in for the 2004 NBA Draft and was chosen by the Philadelphia 76ers. Iguodala played in Philadelphia until the summer of 2012. He was then traded to the Denver Nuggets. He was picked up by the Golden State Warriors in 2013.

References 

Golden State Warriors players
1984 births
Living people
Child labour in India

Child labour in India is when Indian children work for money, on a part or full-time basis....

The practice deprives children of their childhood, and is harmful to their physical and mental development. Various things lead to children working. Poverty, lack of good schools and informal work places may be blamed.

The 1998 national census of India estimated the total number of child labour, aged 4–15, to be at 12.6 million, out of a total child population of 253 million in 5-14 age group. The 2011 national census of India found the total number of child labour, aged 5–14, to be at 4.35 million, and the total child population to be 259.64 million in that age group.

The child labour problem is not unique to India; worldwide, about 217 million children work, many full-time.

References 

India
Children
Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay

Rishi Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay (27 June 1838 – 8 April 1894) was a Bengali writer, poet and journalist. He was the composer of India's national song Vande Mataram. It was originally a Bengali and Sanskrit stotra (hymn) portraying India as a mother goddess. The song inspired the activists during the Indian Independence Movement. Chattopadhyay wrote 13 novels. He also wrote several 'serious, serio-comic, satirical, scientific and critical articles in Bengali. His works were widely translated into other regional languages of India. 
Chattopadhyay was born to an orthodox Brahmin family. He was educated at Hooghly Mohsin College. The college was founded by Bengali philanthropist Muhammad Mohsin and Presidency College, Calcutta. He was one of the first graduates of the University of Calcutta. From 1858, until his retirement in 1891, he served as a deputy magistrate and deputy collector in the government of British India.

References 

Indian writers
Kantō Plain

The  is the largest plain in Japan. It is in the Kanto Region of central Honshū.  The total area 17,000 km2 covers more than half of the region. It extends over Tokyo, Saitama Prefecture, Kanagawa Prefecture, Chiba Prefecture, Gunma Prefecture, and Tochigi Prefecture.

A number of plateaus make up a large part of the plain.  These large plateaus are divided into smaller ones by shallow river valleys.  Volcanic ash from surrounding volcanoes are thought to have been deposited on these plateaus.

What is unusual is the overall tilt of the plateaus and hills.  The entire area is slightly bent or slanted and forms a basin centered in the Tone River and Tokyo Bay. Tectonic changes are still happening, as the plain’s central region gradually sinks lower towards sea level.

References 

Geography of Japan
Henriette Ekwe Ebongo

Henriette Ekwe Ebongo (born 1950) is a Cameroon journalist, publisher and political activist. In 2011 she received the International Women of Courage Award from the United States Department of State.

Work 

Ebongo works for freedom of the press, equality for women, human rights, and good government. She also works against corruption and discrimination against women. In the 1980s, she worked against dictatorship.  During this time, she was tortured and taken to military court.

Ebongo publishes the weekly newspaper Babela.  She started the Cameroon branch of Transparency International, a non-governmental organization that works against government corruption.

Awards 

 International Women of Courage Award, 2011

References

Other websites 

 2011 International Women of Courage Awards, U.S. State Department photostream on Flickr 
Secretary's International Women of Courage Award (U.S. Department of State)

Women who received the International Women of Courage Award
Political activists
Living people
1950 births
Cameroonian people
Journalists
Netatmo

Founded in 2011, Netatmo is a French company specializing in connected objects. Their four products (weather station, thermostat and camera) have been awarded by the "CES Innovations Design and Engineering Awards" in 2013, 2014 and 2015 . In 2015, Welcome, won 4 awards in the following categories: "Smart Home", "Home Appliances", "Digital Imaging" and "Tech for a better World".

References 

Companies of France
2011 establishments in France
Wood ash

Wood ash is the powder left after wood has been in a fire, such as a home fireplace or an industrial power plant. Some gardeners use it to make potash. After being burned, only a small amount of wood is left as wood ash.

Wood ash has also been used in ceramic glazes, in China, Japan, and Korea. It has also been used to make soap.

References

Waste
Edwin Edwards

Edwin Washington Edwards (August 7, 1927 – July 12, 2021) was an American politician and member of the Democratic Party. He served as the U.S. Representative from 1965 to 1972 and as the 50th Governor of Louisiana for four terms (1972–1980, 1984–1988 and 1992–1996), twice as many elected terms as any other Louisiana chief executive.

Political career
He served a total of sixteen years in office, the sixth-longest serving gubernatorial tenure in post-Constitutional U.S. history at 5,784 days. He was a colorful, powerful and legendary figure in Louisiana politics. Edwards, who has been dubbed the "very last of the line of New Deal Southern Democrats", was long dogged by charges of corruption.

Conviction and imprisonment
In 2001, he was found guilty of racketeering charges and sentenced to ten years in Federal prison. Edwards began serving his sentence in October 2002 in Fort Worth, Texas, and was later transferred to the federal facility in Oakdale, Louisiana. Edwards was released from federal prison in January 2011, after serving eight years.

Without a pardon, Edwards remains ineligible to seek the governorship until 15 years have passed from the end of his sentence. In 2013, Edwards co-starred, alongside his third wife Trina, in an A&E reality show, The Governor's Wife based on their life together. In 2014, Edwards ran in the 2014 election to represent  in the United States House of Representatives. He placed first in the jungle primary, but was crushed by nearly 25 points in the runoff election.

Personal life
Edwards was born in Marksville, Louisiana. He studied at Louisiana State University. Edwards was married to Elaine Schwartzenburg from 1949 until they divorced in 1989. Then he was married to Candace Picou from 1994 until they divorced in 2004. Then he married his current wife, Trina Grimes Scott in 2011. Edwards has four children with Elaine and one with Trina.

In 2015, Edwards was hospitalized for pneumonia. On December 13, 2016, Edwards was hospitalized under stable condition again for pneumonia in Baton Rouge.

Edwards was sent to hospice care for pain in his lungs in Gonzales, Louisiana on July 6, 2021. He died six days later on July 12 at the age of 93. The cause of death was respiratory failure caused by pneumonia.

References

Other websites

Edwards' greatest quotes
New York Magazine profile
Larry King interview
 

1927 births
2021 deaths
Deaths from pneumonia
American judges
American Roman Catholics
Governors of Louisiana
United States representatives from Louisiana
US Democratic Party politicians
Deaths from respiratory failure
Lawyers from Louisiana
Mark White

Mark Wells White, Jr., (March 17, 1940 – August 5, 2017) was an American lawyer. He served as the 43rd Governor of Texas serving from January 18, 1983 to January 20, 1987.

White died at age 77 at his home in Houston, Texas on August 5, 2017 from a heart attack.

References

Other websites
 Photos of Mark White, hosted by the Portal to Texas History
 
  Governor Mark White's press conference on No Pass, No Play on August 8, 1985.
  O.L. McCotter letter to Governor White on state prisons, July 8, 1985.
 White, Governor Mark and David Goldstein. Governor Mark White Oral History , Houston Oral History Project, November 23, 2009.
  TX Attorney General Race-November 7, 1978
  TX Governor Democratic Primary Race-May 1, 1982
  TX Governor Race-November 2, 1982
  TX Governor Race-November 4, 1986

1940 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Cardiovascular disease deaths in Texas
Governors of Texas
Lawyers from Texas
US Democratic Party politicians
Twine

Twine (also called baler twine) is a light string or strong thread made from two or more smaller strands or yarns twisted together.  More generally, the term can be applied to a cord. It is often synonymous with string but is usually thicker. Natural fibres used for making twine include cotton, sisal, jute, hemp, henequen, and coir.  A variety of synthetic fibres may also be used. Twine is available in colors, plain or waxed. Twine is as useful as duct tape in that it can be used for a wide variety of repairs.

Uses 
In arts and crafts, twine is used for a wide variety of projects. It is used in knitting, crocheting, and making jewellery, to mention just a few. Commercially, twine is used in upholstery, rug-making, agriculture, the cotton industry, textiles, and in the carton industry.

History 
Twine traces its history back to as early as 32,000 years ago. Wild flax fibers were used to make twine for clothing, baskets and creating tools. Hunter-gatherers processed flax into strong cords or twine. 

Archaeologists discovered flax fiber cords in a western Asian cave that date from 32,000 to 26,000 years ago. In a cave at Lascaux, France fossilized remains of a “two-ply laid rope of about 7 mm diameter” were dated to about 15,000 BCE. Hemp twine was used from about 8,000 BCE. By 1,000 BCE hemp rope and twine was used by most civilizations. From 500 BCE to 1900 AD almost all rope and twine used in sailing ships was made from hemp. For example, the USS Constitution used hemp for its rigging lines. Sea bags and other common goods used help cordage or twine.

In the 1630s hemp was used to produce cordage in Boston. Soon there were several ropewalks in Boston producing hemp rope. Hemp twine was twisted into rope.

Related pages 
 String
 Fibre
 Rope
 Yarn

References 

Fibers
Nanyuki

Nanyuki is a town in Kenya. It had an urban population of 31,577 in 1999.

The town was started by British settlers in the early days of colonial Kenya in 1907. Some of their descendants still live in or around the town. Today, the town is multi-cultural and the market center for farms, ranches, game parks and wildlife conservancies in the region.

Towns in Africa
Settlements in Kenya
Charleston church shooting

On the evening of June 17, 2015, a mass shooting took place at Emanuel African Methodist Episcopal Church, the first church for black people ever in America. It is in Charleston, South Carolina, United States. Nine people at the church were killed and another was injured. Among the dead was minister and state senator, Clementa C. Pinckney.

Suspect
Police arrested a white youth, later identified as 21-year-old Dylann Roof, in Shelby, North Carolina, the morning after the attack. 

Dylann Storm Roof was named by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) as the suspected killer after his father and uncle got in touch with police. They identified Roof after seeing security photos of him in the news. Roof was born in Columbia, South Carolina. He was living in a mostly African-American neighborhood near Columbia at the time of the shooting. Roof already had a police record of two arrests, both made in the months leading up to the attack.

Victims
The victims, six women and three men, were all African-American members of the AME Church. Eight died at the scene; the ninth, Daniel Simmons, died at MUSC Medical Center. They were all killed by multiple gunshots fired at close range.Five persons survived the shooting unharmed, including Felicia Sanders, mother of slain victim Tywanza Sanders, and her five-year-old granddaughter, as well as Polly Sheppard, a Bible study member. Pinckney's wife and two daughters were inside the building during the shooting, but were in the pastor's office with the door locked. Those killed were identified as:

 Clementa C. Pinckney (41) – the church's pastor and a South Carolina state senator.
 Cynthia Marie Graham Hurd (54) – a Bible study member and manager for the Charleston County Public Library system; sister of former state senator Malcolm Graham.
 Susie Jackson (87) – the oldest victim who was a Bible study and church choir member.
 Ethel Lee Lance (70) – the church's sexton.
 Depayne Middleton-Doctor (49) – a pastor who was also employed as a school administrator and admissions coordinator at Southern Wesleyan University.
 Tywanza Sanders (26) – the youngest victim who was a graduate of Allen University; grandnephew of victim Susie Jackson.
 Daniel L. Simmons (74) – a pastor who also served at Greater Zion AME Church in Awendaw.
 Sharonda Coleman-Singleton (45) – a pastor; also a speech therapist and track coach at Goose Creek High School; mother of MLB prospect Chris Singleton.
 Myra Thompson (59) – a Bible study teacher.

The victims were later collectively referred to as "The Emanuel Nine".

References

2015 mass shootings
2015 murders in the United States
2010s mass shootings in the United States
2010s in South Carolina
African-American history
Attacks on buildings and structures in 2015
Attacks on buildings and structures in the United States
Attacks on churches
Church shooting

June 2015 events
Massacres in the United States
Murders by firearm in the United States
Religious building shootings
Eugénie Le Sommer

Eugénie Anne Claudine Le Sommer (born on 18 May 1989 in Grasse, France) is a French association football midfielder/forward who currently plays for Olympique Lyonnais and the France women's national football team.

Career statistics 

As of 9 May 2015

International

As of 10 June 2015

References 

French footballers
1989 births
Marta (footballer)

Marta Vieira da Silva (born on 19 February 1986 in Dois Riachos, Brazil) is a Brazilian association football forward who currently plays for the Damallsvenskan team of FC Rosengård and the Brazil women's national football team.

References

Other websites 

 
 WPS profile 

1986 births
Brazilian footballers
Living people
Clementa C. Pinckney

Clementa Carlos Pinckney (July 30, 1973 – June 17, 2015) was an American Democratic member of the South Carolina Senate, representing the 45th District since 2000. He was previously a member of the South Carolina House of Representatives from 1997 through 2000.

Pinckney was a senior pastor at Mother Emanuel A.M.E. in Charleston. He died, along with eight others, in a mass shooting at an evening bible study at his church on June 17, 2015.

References

Other websites
 Senator Clementa C. Pinckney at South Carolina Legislature
 Reverend Clementa Pinckney  at Mother Emanuel A.M.E. Church
 Follow the Money - Clementa C. Pinckney
2006 2004 2002 2000 1998 1996 campaign contributions

1973 births
2015 deaths
African American politicians
Christian ministers
Christian religious leaders
Murdered African-American people
Murders by firearm in the United States
Politicians from South Carolina
US Democratic Party politicians
Tony Ranasinghe

Tony Ranasinghe (31 July 1937 – 16 June 2015) was a Sri Lankan actor. He was known for his roles in Hanthane Kathawa (1969), Duhulu Malak (1976) and Ahasin Polawata (1979). Ranasinghe was born in Modara, Sri Lanka.

Ranasinghe died on 16 June 2015 at a public hospital in Colombo at the age of 77.

References

Other websites
Tony Ranasinghe's Biography in Sinhala Cinema Database

1937 births
2015 deaths
Sri Lankan people
Sri Lankan movie actors
Writers
Anti-tank gun

An anti-tank gun is a light artillery gun used to destroy tanks. The shells they fire are usually between 25 and 90 mm caliber (1 to 3.6 inches). They were used a lot in World War II. Later wars used them less, because smaller anti-tank weapons had been invented. 

Firearms
2007 FIFA Women's World Cup

The 2007 FIFA Women's World Cup was the fifth FIFA Women's World Cup and it took place in China. The winners were Germany.

Group stage

Group A

Group B

Group C

Group D

Knockout stage

Third place match

Final

Goal scorers

7 goals 
 Marta

6 goals 
 Abby Wambach
 Ragnhild Gulbrandsen

5 goals 
 Cristiane
 Birgit Prinz

4 goals 
 Kelly Smith
 Renate Lingor
 Lisa De Vanna

3 goals 
 Sandra Smisek
 Christine Sinclair

2 goals 
 Melanie Behringer
 Kerstin Garefrekes
 Aya Miyama
 Cathrine Paaske Sørensen
 Lotta Schelin
 Ane Stangeland Horpestad
 Isabell Herlovsen
 Li Jie
 Lori Chalupny
 Heather O'Reilly

1 goal 
 Shannon Boxx
 Kristine Lilly
 Kil Son-Hui
 Kim Yong-Ae
 Kim Kyong-Hwa
 Ri Kum-Suk
 Ri Un Suk
 Victoria Svensson
 Cynthia Uwak
 Sarah Walsh
 Heather Garriock
 Collette McCallum
 Cheryl Salisbury
 Lauren Colthorpe
 Anita Amankwa
 Adjoa Bayor
 Florence Okoe
 Daniela
 Renata Costa
 Pretinha
 Formiga
 Candace-Marie Chapman
 Sophie Schmidt
 Martina Franko
 Melissa Tancredi
 Lene Storløkken
 Lise Klaveness
 Bi Yan
 Song Xiaoli
 Xie Caixia
 Anne Dot Eggers Nielsen
 Katrine Pedersen
 Yuki Nagasato
 Jill Scott
 Fara Williams
 Vicky Exley
 Eva Nadia González
 Annike Krahn
 Kerstin Stegemann
 Martina Müller
 Simone Laudehr

Own goal 
 Eva Nadia González (against England)
 Trine Rønning (against Germany)
 Leslie Osborne (against Brazil)

References 

FIFA Women's World Cup
2007 in association football
2000s in China
Football in China
2007 in Asia
April 2015 Nepal earthquake

The April 2015 Nepal earthquake (also known as the Gorkha earthquake) killed more than 8,800 people and injured more than 23,000. It occurred at  on 25 April. The earthquake had a magnitude of 7.8Mw. Its epicenter was east of the district of Lamjung. Its hypocenter was at a depth of about . It was the worst natural disaster to strike Nepal since the 1934 Nepal–Bihar earthquake.

The earthquake triggered an avalanche on Mount Everest, killing at least 19 people. This makes April 25, 2015 the deadliest day on the mountain in history. The earthquake triggered another huge avalanche in the Langtang valley, where 250 people were reported missing.

Hundreds of thousands of people were made homeless with entire villages destroyed. Centuries-old buildings were destroyed at UNESCO World Heritage Sites in the Kathmandu Valley. Experts had warned for decades that Nepal was vulnerable to a deadly earthquake.

Continued aftershocks occurred throughout Nepal within 15–20 minute intervals. One shock reached a magnitude of 6.7 on 26 April at 12:54:08 NST. The country also had a continued risk of landslides.

It created 7 avalanches after. Many Nepalese countries had suffered from the quake.

References 

2015 disasters in Asia
2010s earthquakes in Asia
History of Nepal
April 2015 events
Sonny Black (album)

Sonny Black is the 12th studio album by the German rapper Bushido. It was released on February 14, 2014 and it reached No. 1 on the German, Austrian and Swiss music charts.

Track listing 

 Fotzen – 3:16
 Jeder meiner Freunde – 3:09
 Haifisch – 3:31
 Mitten in der Nacht – 3:55
 Crackdealer Sound – 3:17
 Sporttasche – 3:25
 Osama Flow – 3:02
 Gangsta Rap Kings (featuring Kollegah & Farid Bang) – 4:03
 Messerstecherei – 2:50
 Blei-Patronen – 3:40
 John Wayne – 2:44
 Tausend Gründe – 3:06
 Baseballschläger – 2:53
 AMG (featuring Shindy) – 2:49
 Nie ein Rapper II – 3:29

References 

2014 albums
Amy Sedaris

Amy Sedaris (born March 29, 1961) is an American writer, actress and comedian. She played Jerri Blank in Strangers with Candy on Comedy Central and The Powerpuff Girls. She played Rachel Hoffberg in Maid in Manhattan.

Sedaris was born in Endicott, New York. She grew up in Raleigh, North Carolina.

References

Comedians from New York
American television actors
American movie actors
1961 births
Living people
Actors from New York
Writers from Raleigh, North Carolina
Actors from Raleigh, North Carolina
People from Endicott, New York
2003 FIFA Women's World Cup

The 2003 FIFA Women's World Cup was the fourth FIFA Women's World Cup. It took place in the United States. The winners were Germany.

Group stage

Group A

Group B

Group C

Group D

Knockout stage

Third place match

Final

References 

2003 in association football
2003 in the United States
Soccer in the United States
FIFA Women's World Cup
Wangen im Allgäu

Wangen im Allgäu is a city in south Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is north-east of the Lake Constance.

History 

The city was first called Wangun in the year of 815. During the Middle Ages, the city growed a lot thanks to its location near many Alpine cities. The extra money that the city earned from its trade helped expand its borders.

In 1802, Wangen joined the Kingdom of Bavaria and lost its independence. Wangen was put into the Kingdom of Württemberg in 1810.

In 1936, the city was officially named "Wangen in Allgäu."

From 1938 to 1972, Wangen was the capital of the Wangen rural district. It then joined the Ravensburg district after the Wangen district broke up.

The city has been flooded a few times, most notably in 1999 and 2006.

During the 2006 FIFA World Cup, the Togo national football team stayed in Wangen.

Climate 

Wangen im Allgäu's climate is humid continental (Köppen: Dfb) with cold winters and warm summers.

References
Nadine Angerer

Nadine Marejke Angerer (born 10 November 1978 in Lohr am Main, Germany) is a retired German association football goalkeeper. She last played for Portland Thorns FC of the NWSL and the Germany women's national football team. She was the 2013 FIFA World Player of the Year, which also means that she was the first goalkeeper to win that award.

International Career 
Angerer made her debut with Germany in 1996. She won the 2003 and 2007 World Cups with them. She also won the UEFA Women's Euro in 1997, 2001, 2005, 2009, and 2013, along with bronze medals at the 2000 Olympics, 2004 Olympics, and 2008 Olympics.

References 

1978 births
Living people
Female footballers
German footballers
Sportspeople from Bavaria
Bisexual people
Julian Castro

Julián Castro ( , ; (born September 16, 1974) is an American politician. He was the United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development from 2014 to 2017. Before that, Castro was the Mayor of San Antonio, Texas, from 2009 to 2014. He held that office for three terms.

In January 2019, Castro announced his campaign to run for President of the United States in the 2020 election. He ended his campaign in January 2020.

Early life  
Julian Castro was born in San Antonio, Texas, to Maria "Rosie" Castro and Jessie Guzman. He is the identical twin brother of current United States Representative Joaquín Castro. His mother was a Chicana political activist who helped start the Chicano political party, La Raza Unida. She also ran for the San Antonio City Council in 1971, but she did not win. Castro once said, "My mother is probably the biggest reason that my brother and I are in public service. Growing up, she would take us to a lot of rallies and organizational meetings and other things that are very boring for an 8-, 9-, 10-year-old".

Education 
Castro graduated from Thomas Jefferson High School in San Antonio in 1992. He had played football, basketball and tennis.  He got an offer to play tennis at Trinity University, an NCAA Division III school in his hometown. He decided instead to go to Stanford University. He graduated from Stanford in 1996 with a bachelor's degree in political science and communications.

Castro entered Harvard Law School in 1997 and graduated with a Juris Doctor law degree in 2000.

In Obama administration 

On May 22, 2014, the White House said that Castro had been nominated by President Barack Obama to be the next Secretary of Housing and Urban Development. He was approved by the Senate on July 9, 2014, by a vote of 71-26. He took office on July 28, 2014. After the announcement, Castro has been talked about as a possible 2016 Democratic Vice Presidential nominee.

On July 28, 2014, his first day in office, Castro was honored at a reception called "Celebrating Latino Cabinet Members". It was hosted by the Congressional Hispanic Caucus Institute.

2020 presidential run

On December 12, 2018, Castro formed an exploratory committee for a presidential bid in the 2020 election. Exactly one month later, Castro officially launched his presidential bid at a rally in San Antonio. His brother, Congressman Joaquin Castro, introduced him at the rally. He ended his campaign on January 2, 2020 following low polling numbers.

References 

1974 births
American Roman Catholics
Harvard University alumni
2020 United States presidential candidates
Living people
Mayors of San Antonio
Stanford University alumni
US Democratic Party politicians
Twin people from the United States
United States Secretaries of Housing and Urban Development
Lawyers from San Antonio
Susannah Mushatt Jones

Susannah Mushatt Jones (July 6, 1899 – May 12, 2016) was an American supercentenarian who was, at the age of 116, the world's oldest living person. Jones was the last living American person born in the 19th century.

She has received tributes from the United States House of Representatives and from the Alabama House of Representatives "for a remarkable lifetime of exceptional achievement lived during three centuries".

References

1899 births
2016 deaths
African-American supercentenarians
People from Alabama
Sunwing Airlines

Sunwing Airlines is a Canadian airline. It was started in 2005. Sunwing has scheduled (planned) and charter (irregular) flights.  It goes to cities in Canada, United States, Mexico, the Caribbean, Central America, South America and Europe. Montréal–Trudeau, Toronto-Pearson and Vancouver are Sunwing's hubs.

Gallery

References

Airlines of North America
Transport in Canada
2005 establishments in Canada
John David Crow

John David Crow (July 8, 1935 – June 17, 2015) was an American football player, coach, and college athletics administrator. He won the Heisman Trophy as a halfback at Texas A&M University in 1957. He and later played professional football in the National Football League (NFL) for the Chicago / St. Louis Cardinals and the San Francisco 49ers between 1958 and 1968.

References

1935 births
2015 deaths
American football coaches
San Francisco 49ers players
Sportspeople from Louisiana
Heisman Trophy winners
Pontiac Aztek

The Pontiac Aztek was a mid-size crossover sold by the Pontiac division of General Motors from 2001 to 2005. The vehicle was GM's first venture into the crossover market. It also had a twin the Buick Rendezvous. Both were built on the GM's minivan platform. The Aztek was a cross between a minivan and an SUV.

With a front engine and four-wheel drive (available after January 2001), the Aztek featured a four-speed automatic transmission and a V-6 engine. Pontiac marketed it as a "sport recreational vehicle." It featuring 94 cubic feet of cargo room capable of carrying a 4' x 8' sheet of plywood with its rear seats removed. Other features included a rear center console that doubled as a removable cooler. It had rear stereo controls in the cargo area. The Aztek featured an available camping package with an attachable tent and inflatable mattress. The latter could be inflated by a built-in air compressor.

The Aztek was a commercial failure. It was also called one of the worst vehicles ever made. Criticized for its awkward styling it was called downright ugly. The Aztek was phased out and replaced by the Pontiac Torrent. The Rendezvous continued to be sold until 2008 when it was replaced by the Enclave.

References 

Sport utility vehicles
Pontiac automobiles
Mighty Sam McClain

Samuel McClain (April 15, 1943 – June 16, 2015), better known by his stage name Mighty Sam McClain, was an American soul blues singer and songwriter. He began his career in 1958. He was nominated for a Grammy Award. He was born in Monroe, Louisiana.

McClain died from a stroke on June 16, 2015 in Concord, New Hampshire, aged 72.

References

Other websites
 

1943 births
2015 deaths
American blues musicians
American R&B singers
American singer-songwriters
American soul musicians
American blues singers
Cardiovascular disease deaths in the United States
Deaths from stroke
Disease-related deaths in New Hampshire
Singers from Louisiana
Hollis, New Hampshire

Hollis is a town in Hillsborough County, New Hampshire, United States. The population was 7,684 at the 2010 census.

References

Towns in New Hampshire
Warner, New Hampshire

Warner is a town in Merrimack County, New Hampshire, United States. The population was 2,833 at the 2010 census.

Towns in New Hampshire
Sax Rohmer

[[File:Avon Fantasy Reader 7.jpg|thumb|The Curse of a Thousand Kisses was a short story published in one of Sax Rohmer's collections. It was later republished in a 1948 issue of Avon Fantasy Reader]]

Sax Rohmer was Arthur Henry Ward (15 February 1883 – 1 June 1959). He was an English novelist born in Birmingham to Irish parents. He is best remembered for his creation of the master criminal Dr Fu Manchu.

After ghostwriting the autobiography of Little Tich, a music hall entertainer, Ward issued the first Fu Manchu novel. This was The Mystery of Dr. Fu-Manchu, serialised from October 1912 to June 1913.

It was an immediate success. It had police official Denis Nayland Smith and Dr. Petrie facing a worldwide conspiracy led by a mastermind. It reflected the "yellow peril" scares of the times. The phrase yellow peril (sometimes yellow terror or yellow spectre), was coined by Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany, in the 1890s.

The Fu Manchu stories, and other writing, made Rohmer one of the most successful and well-paid authors of the 1920s and 1930s.

References 

1883 births
1959 deaths
English novelists
Writers from Birmingham
AC Cobra

The AC Cobra is a hybrid American sportscar consisting of a British roadster with an American engine and transmission. In 1961 Carroll Shelby took a dated AC Ace sports car and installed a Ford V-8 engine with a Borg-Warner T-10 four-speed transmission. The resulting car made history. Designed as a Corvette-killer it was one of the fastest cars available at the time. They were produced and sold by Carroll Shelby International Inc.

History 
Carroll Shelby was one of the world's first professional race car drivers. At age 37 a bad heart forced his retirement from racing. He started building cars in the back of a tire dealership in Santa Fe Springs, California. In June 1962 he moved to Venice, California. He wanted to build an American sportscar. Others had experimented with putting an American engine into a European car body. Shelby thought he could do it better. He approached General Motors with the idea but they already had the Corvette. They were also not interested in a limited production sports car. Ford, however, was very interested. Shelby also learned that AC Limited in England was having trouble getting motors for their cars. He told them Ford was interested in supplying engines if they would ship him a car to test. They sent a body and Ford sent him a V-8. He and a friend worked all night installing the engine. In the morning they had the first Shelby AC Cobra.

In the beginning Shelby used Ford's 260 cu in. engine. The V8 worked so well within the spacious engine bay Shelby looked for a larger engine. In 1963 the 289 was installed and worked very well. In 1964 Shelby moved to Ford's 427 cu in. engine and made the chassis stronger in 1965.

Gallery

Racing 
In October 1962 a Cobra was winning at Riverside, California when a broken hub put it out of the race. In January 1963 a Cobra won at Riverside. Cobras raced at Daytona, Sebring and Le Mans. 
In 1964 a specially designed 427 coupe won the GT Championship. The same year raced at Le Mans and placed fourth. Their legend continued to grow on the racetrack.

Production 
From 1961 to 1968 a total of only 998 were built. Of these 655 were 289 Cobras and 343 were 427 Cobras. In late 1968 AC stopped production of the Ace body. They continued to produce AC Cobras for Shelby until 1968.

Shelby didn't make any more Cobras until the early 1990s. He watched as prices soared for his original cars. He also saw many Cobra replicas being built; some good, some not so good. He still had a number of unused chassis numbers for cars designed to be built in 1965. He wanted to sell them as new 1965 models but the state of California would only allow them to be sold for off-road use. He built only nine "Completion Cobras". Shelby then began to build cars as "rollers" that could be completed by an authorized dealer. They were available with a fiberglass body or the original aluminum body. He offered 289 Cobras and Cobras with 427 "side-oiler" engines. Shelby offered a 50th anniversary Cobra in all black with red interiors. They had special gold badging. He made 50, available as rollers, which were all sold out in 48 hours.

References 

Automobiles
Roadsters
Sports cars
Rhizophoraceae

Rhizophoraceae is a family of flowering plants. There are 149 species in 16 genera. Most of them occur in the Old World. Well-known members of the family are mangrove trees.

Malpighiales
James B. Rhoads

James Berton Rhoads (September 17, 1928 – April 7, 2015) was an American civil servant. He served as Fifth Archivist of the United States. He was born in Sioux City, Iowa. Rhoads received his B.A., in 1950, and M.A., in 1952, from the University of California at Berkeley. He later earned his Ph.D. from American University in Washington, DC.

Rhoads died on April 7, 2015 in Leavenworth, Kansas, aged 86.

References

Other websites
 National Archives and Records Administration
 Archivists of the United States, 1934-Present

1928 births
2015 deaths
Archivists of the United States
People from Sioux City, Iowa
Frank G. Burke

Frank Gerard Burke (born April 22, 1927) was an American civil servant. He served as Acting Archivist of the United States from April 16, 1985, to December 4, 1987. He received his Ph.D. from the University of Chicago.

References

1927 births
Living people
Archivists of the United States
People from New York City
Allen Weinstein

Allen Weinstein (September 1, 1937 – June 18, 2015) was an American historian, educator, and federal official. He served in several different offices. He served as the Archivist of the United States from February 16, 2005 until his resignation on December 19, 2008. After his resignation, he returned to the International Foundation for Electoral Systems as the election organization's senior strategist and to the University of Maryland as a history professor.

Weinstein died of pneumonia in Gaithersburg, Maryland, aged 77.

References

1937 births
2015 deaths
Deaths from pneumonia
Archivists of the United States
People with Parkinson's disease
People from New York City
Fredrik Fasting Torgersen

Fredrik Ludvig Fasting Torgersen (1 October 1934 – 19 June 2015) was a Norwegian man who was convicted of murder in 1958. Serving 16 years in prison before being released, he has claimed his innocence many times. 

In 2013 Bjørg Njaa, a daughter of a judge in the 1958 trial said that her father was prejudiced against Torgersen even before being assigned to the trial. In 2014 he was denied access to official recordings of then leader of the Norwegian Board of Forensic Medicine, Bjørnar Olaisen, answering to  Criminal Cases Review Commission.

References

1934 births
2015 deaths
Deaths from pneumonia
Norwegian people
Criminals
Jack Rollins (producer)

Jack Rollins (born Jacob Rabinowitz; March 23, 1915 – June 18, 2015) was an American movie producer and manager of many successful comedians and television personalities. He was known for working with Woody Allen and David Letterman. His last movie to be produced was Woody Allen's 2011 movie Midnight in Paris.

Other websites

1915 births
2015 deaths
American centenarians
Movie producers from New York City
Phil Austin

Philip Baine Austin (April 6, 1941 – June 18, 2015) was an American comedian and writer. Austin was best known for his work as part of The Firesign Theatre (of which he was the only constant member), where he played the group's best-known creation, Nick Danger.

Other websites
 Phil Austin's Blog of the Unknown 
 Austin's bio on Firesign Theatre site
 Phil Austin: The Man Under The Hat
 Phil Austin on IMDB

1941 births
2015 deaths
Comedians from Denver, Colorado
Writers from Denver, Colorado
Harold Battiste

Harold Raymond Battiste, Jr. (October 28, 1931 – June 19, 2015) was an American music composer, arranger, performer and teacher. He was best known for his work as an arranger on records by Sam Cooke,  Joe Jones, Lee Dorsey, Sonny and Cher,  Dr. John, and others.

Battiste died on June 19, 2015, aged 83, after a period of declining health.

References

Other websites
  Harold Battiste's AFO Foundation

1931 births
2015 deaths
20th-century American composers
21st-century American composers
African American musicians
Educators from New Orleans, Louisiana
Musicians from New Orleans, Louisiana
Sebastiano Mannironi

Sebastiano Mannironi (22 July 1930 – 11 June 2015) was an Italian weightlifter. He was born in Nuoro, Sardinia. He competed at the 1956, 1960 and 1964 Summer Olympics. He won a bronze medal at the 1960 Olympics.

Mannironi died on 11 June 2015 in Bracciano, aged 84.

References

1930 births
2015 deaths
1956 Summer Olympics
1964 Summer Olympics
Italian Olympians
Medalists at the 1960 Summer Olympics
Olympic bronze medalists
People from Sardinia
Weightlifters
Patrick Eisdell Moore

Sir Patrick William Eisdell Moore  (17 March 1918 – 18 June 2015) was a New Zealand surgeon and medical researcher. He was known for his work with cochlear implants. He was the first person in the world to perform an eardrum transplant.

Eisdell Moore was born in Bristol, Gloucestershire, England. He also as a medical officer during World War II. His autobiography So Old So Quick was released in 2004. He was married and had four children.

Eisdell Moore died on 18 June 2015 in Orakei, Auckland. He was 97.

References

1918 births
2015 deaths
Autobiographers
Knights Bachelor
Medical researchers
Military personnel of World War II
Officers of the Order of the British Empire
People from Auckland
People from Bristol
Physicians
The Girl Next Door (2004 movie)

The Girl Next Door is a 2004 American teen sex comedy movie. It is directed by Luke Greenfield. It stars Emile Hirsch, Elisha Cuthbert, Timothy Olyphant, James Remar, Chris Marquette and Paul Dano. It also got mixed reviews from critics with Roger Ebert giving it a 1.5 out of 4 stars. It also holds a 55% rating on Rotten Tomatoes.

The movie is about a high school senior, Matthew Kidman (Emile Hirsch), who falls in love for the first time with the girl next door, Danielle (Elisha Cuthbert). However, he finds the situation becoming a problem after he learns that she is a one-time pornographic actress.

Cast
 Emile Hirsch as Matthew Kidman
 Elisha Cuthbert as Danielle / Athena
 Timothy Olyphant as Kelly
 James Remar as Hugo Posh
 Chris Marquette as Eli
 Paul Dano as Klitz
 Olivia Wilde as Kellie
 Sunny Leone as cameo appearance
 Amanda Swisten as April
 Sung-Hi Lee as Ferrari
 Timothy Bottoms as Mr. Kidman
 Donna Bullock as Mrs. Kidman
 Jacob Young as Hunter
 Luther Reigns as Mule

References

Other websites
 

2004 comedy movies
2000s coming-of-age movies
2000s romantic comedy movies
2000s teen comedy movies
2000s sex comedy movies
20th Century Fox movies
American coming-of-age movies
American romantic comedy movies
American teen comedy movies
American sex comedy movies
Coming-of-age comedy movies
Coming-of-age romance movies
English-language movies
Movies about abduction
Movies set in California
Movies set in Las Vegas
Teen sex comedy movies
Movies about pornography
José Gaspar Rodríguez de Francia y Velasco

José Gaspar Rodríguez de Francia y Velasco (17661840) was the dictator of Paraguay. He helped Paraguay become independent from Spain. Paraguay became independent from Spain in 1811. Francia y Velasco reigned from 1814 until his death in 1840.

Francia y Velasco believed that Paraquay should be self-sufficient. During his reign, almost no goods were imported, and only yerba mate was exported. Leaves and twigs of this herb,  Ilex paraguariensis, are the basis of the drink called "mate".

Further reading 
(An annotated publication of the archived collection of Francia's writings, the Colección Doroteo Bareiro, held by the "Archivo Nacional de Asuncion"):

Other websites 
 Brief biography of Rodriguez de Francia
 "Paraguay: The Rise of José Gaspar Rodríguez de Francia"
 "Archivo Nacional de Asuncion"
 John Hoyt Williams, 'Paraguayan Isolation under Dr Francia: A Reevaluation' The Hispanic American Historical Review, volume 52, issue 1, Feb 1972 pp 102–22

1766 births
1840 deaths
Former dictators
Paraguay
South American politicians
James Salter

James Salter (born James Arnold Horowitz; June 10, 1925 – June 19, 2015) was an American novelist, short story writer, poet, screenwriter, and movie director. He was active between 1957 and 2013. His most noted novels were The Hunters (1957) and A Sport and a Pastime (1967). He also worked on the 1969 movies Downhill Racer (writing) and Three (directing).

Salter was born in New York City. He was married twice and had five children.

Salter died on June 19, 2015 in Sag Harbor, New York. He was 90.

References

Other websites

 

1925 births
2015 deaths
American novelists
Movie directors from New York City
Screenwriters from New York City
Dogger Bank

Dogger Bank is a large sandbank in the North Sea. It lies about  from the coast of England. It is about  long and  wide. On average, the North Sea is  deep. The average depth in the area of the Dogger Bank is , at the shallowest place the water is only  deep. During the last ice age, it was sometimes an island and sometimes a land bridge connecting Britain and mainland Europe.

Today, Dogger Bank is important for fishing, in particular for cod and European plaice.

Geography
Dylann Roof

Dylann Storm Roof (born April 3, 1994) is an American white supremacist and mass murderer convicted for the Charleston church shooting on June 17, 2015.

On December 15, 2016, Roof was convicted in federal court of all 33 federal charges (including hate crimes) against him stemming from the shooting; on January 11, 2017, he was sentenced to death for those crimes. In March 2017, he was sentenced life in prison without parole. On April 10, 2017, Roof was sentenced to nine consecutive sentences of life without parole.

References

1994 births
Living people
American people convicted of manslaughter
People from Columbia, South Carolina
Artificial fly

An artificial fly or fly lure is a type of fishing lure. It is usually used in the sport of fly fishing. Artificial flies imitate insects or other things fish eat. Artificial flies are made by fly tying. This is an art in which furs, feathers, thread or any of very many other materials are tied onto a fish hook. 

There are thousands of different fly patterns (kinds) available. Many imitate a particular insect a fish might recognize. Other patterns don't look like any insect, but attract fish anyway.

Types 
Dry flies are meant to float on top of the water.
Wet flies are designed to sink to the bottom of the water.
Streamers (called lures in British English) sink to imitate small fish in the water.
Terrestrials either float or sink. They imitate insects found on land.

References 

Fishing
Azerbaijan Carpet Museum

Azerbaijan Carpet Museum  (formerly called the State Museum of Azerbaijan Carpet and Applied Art) displays Azerbaijani carpets and rugs. The display shows various weaving techniques and materials from various periods. It is named after Latif Karimov and has the largest collection of Azerbaijani carpets in the world.
It moved to a brand new building on the Baku's seafront park during 2014 from its former location on Neftchiler Avenue.

History

The museum was established in 1967 and was first located in the Juma Mosque in the Old City. The mosque was built in the 15th century and then renovated in the 19th century. Its first exhibition was held in 1972. In 1992, after the collapse of the USSR, the museum was moved to the second floor of what is now the Baku Museum Center, a building that had originally been the Lenin museum. The collection was named in honour of the carpet designer Latif Karimov.

Plans to move the collection to a new building have been in preparation since 2010 when Azerbaijani carpets were proclaimed "a Masterpiece of Intangible Heritage" by UNESCO.
The new building was due to open in late 2012  and was visited by President Ilham Aliyev in September 2013, but as of March 2014 the new building had not yet officially opened its doors to the public. In April 2014 the museum was renamed Azerbaijan Carpet Museum dropping its much longer official title.

Collection
The collection of the museum includes over 10,000 items of ceramics, metal works of the 14th century, jewellery from the Bronze Age, carpets and carpet items from the 17th-20th centuries, national garments and embroidery, and applied art works (decorative arts and design) of the Modern Age. 
The museum organizes public lectures, study courses on carpets and applied arts.
It has a book store selling books on Azerbaijani crafts and carpet art.
The museum also holds a permanent collection from the Shusha Museum of History, from the city of Shusha, looted after occupation by Armenian troops in 1992. Part of the exhibited items of the Shusha museum were saved when the director of the museum moved out 600 carpets before the occupation. They are now displayed at the museum in an exhibition titled "Burned Culture".

International exhibitions
The museum does research and public servie work. Every year, state and international exhibitions are organized and catalogues on carpets are printed by the museum. The museum has also held exhibitions in more than 30 countries including France, Germany, England, Japan, the Netherlands. In 1998, the museum participated in a UNESCO-organized exhibition in Paris dedicated to Fuzûlî and in 1999 dedicated to the 1,300th anniversary of the Book of Dede Korkut and displayed carpets, folk applied art items, including copper jugs, mugs, buckets and saddle-bags.

Related pages
 Azerbaijani carpet

References

Other websites

  

Museums in Baku
Art museums
National museums in Asia
Buildings and structures in Baku
1967 establishments in Asia
Textile arts
20th-century establishments in Azerbaijan