cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Susanna (Book of Daniel)

The story of Susanna and the Elders is found in some Bibles inside chapter three of the Book of Daniel. These sections are sometimes called Additions to Daniel. Modern Jewish and Protestant Bibles do not have this story but Catholic and Orthodox ones have it. This story is found before Daniel 1:1 as a prologue in very old Greek texts. It is found as chapter 13 in the Vulgate and modern Catholic Bibles.

In the story, two bad judges secretly want to have sexual intercourse with Susanna, a beautiful and virtuous wife. One hot day, she takes a bath inside her walled garden but she does not know that the judges are hiding inside the garden. The judges tell her to have sex with them but she doesn't want to. When she refuses, they tell the people of the village that they saw her having sex with a man who was not her husband. This is called adultery, which was against the law at that time. The people of the village believe the judges and want to kill Susanna. A boy named Daniel does not believe the judges, so he asks one of the judges to go away and the other one to say what he saw. Daniel does this again with the other judge. The judges tell different stories, showing that they lied. The people get mad and kill the judges instead.

Old Testament books
El Bierzo

El Bierzo is a shire in the province of León, Spain. The capital is the town of Ponferrada. Other major towns are Bembibre and Villafranca del Bierzo.

Related pages
 Province of Llión
 Leonese language

Kingdom of León
Castile and León
Lime kiln

A lime kiln is a kiln used to produce quicklime by the calcination of limestone (calcium carbonate). The chemical equation for this reaction is:

CaCO3 + heat → CaO + CO2

Limestone is poured into one side of the kiln, it is then heated up with hot air and quicklime [Calcium Oxide] comes out the other end.
Waste Gases come out of the top of the kiln.

Chemistry
Grant (money)

Grants are non-repayable money or products given by one party (grant makers) to a recipient, for example a person or group.  Many times, grants go from a government to a nonprofit organization, educational program, a business, or a person. 

People write proposals or fill out applications for grants. Getting a grant involves following rules and reporting back to whoever gave the grant on how the money is being used.

Money
Giving
Say It Again (Natasha Bedingfield song)

Say It Again is a single by Natasha Bedingfield originally released in 2007, off the studio album N.B.. The song also appears on the 3rd studio album by Bedingfield called Pocketful of Sunshine.

2007 songs
Pop ballads
Wild Horses

Wild Horses is a song by The Rolling Stones from their 1971 album Sticky Fingers. It has been covered by many other artists. Alicia Keys' recording, for her album Alicia Keys: Unplugged, featured the frontman of Maroon 5, Adam Levine.

2005 songs
The Rolling Stones
Light Rail Transit Association

The Light Rail Transit Association (LRTA) is an association. Its purpose is to help and encourage research to keep and develop of light rail and tramway/streetcar systems. The LRTA publishes the monthly magazine Tramways and Urban Transit (formerly Modern Tramway). It is based in the United Kingdom but it has an international membership and remit.

History 
The LRTA was formed in 1937. It was called Light Railway Transport League (LRTL) until 1979. 

The opening of the Tyne and Wear Metro in 1980, followed by the Manchester Metrolink in 1991 and other new tram systems in Sheffield, Birmingham, Croydon and Nottingham, are very much in line with the aims of the Association.

Related pages
National Tramway Museum
Scottish Tramway and Transport Society
Transport 2000

Other websites
LRTA official website
The official publication of the LRTA

Light rail in the United Kingdom
Lucifugum

Lucifugum is a black metal band from Ukraine.

History 
Lucifugum is a popular black metal band from Ukraine. They and Nokturnal Mortum are two of the best-known exponents of the East European black metal scene. Lucifugum was formed in 1995 by poet/composer Khlyst and musicians Bal-a-Myth (guitar, bass) and Faunus (vocals). The band continues to perform, despite Faunus having left the band in 2001, and Bal-a-Myth having died in his sleep on October 5, 2002; the albums Back to Chopped Down Roots and Sociopath: Philosophy Cynicism were recorded in 2003 by numerous session musicians which, however, did not join the band. In 2004 Khlyst moved to the Ukrainian town Mykolayiv (Nikolaev) to continue the activity of Lucifugum and Propaganda together with local black metal musician Elena (aka Stabaath) (ex-Namtar, ex-Hesperus). Vector33 is the first album with Stabaath (she recorded vocals, guitar, bass, and keyboards). All lyrics are written by Khlyst, and music is composed by Stabaath and Khlyst. Khlyst and Stabaath (real names Igor and Elena Naumchuk) are married. They are the owners of black metal label Propaganda.

The music of Lucifugum was different and changed during the years. The early period can be described as symphonic black metal (1996-2000), later it was black/thrash metal, sometimes with death metal touches (2001-2003), and after 2004 the music of the band has transformed into pure black metal style.

According to Propaganda web site (details to album “Sublimessiah”) Khlyst performs vocals since 2014. The critical problems with Stabaath’s throat have stopped her during the record of the vocal. So, there are just 3 tracks (1,3,5) with Stabaath’s vocals on “Sublimessiah”.

Band members 
 Khlyst (Igor Naumchuk) – vocals (2014-), lyrics (1995-), drum programming (2008-)
 Stabaath (Elena Naumchuk) – guitars, bass (2004-), vocals (2004-2014), keyboards (2005)

Former members 
 Bal-a-Myth (deceased) – guitars, bass (1995-2002)
 Faunus – vocals (1995-2001)

Discography 
 Gates of Nocticula - 1996
 Path of Wolf - 1996
 Through the Indifferent Sky - 1997
 on the sortilage of Christianity - 1999 
 On hooks to pieces! - 2000
 …and the Wheel keeps crunching… - 2001
 Stigma Egoism - 2002
 …back to chopped down roots - 2003
 Sociopath: philosophy cynicism - 2003
 Vector33 - 2005
 The Supreme Art of Genocide - 2005
 Involtation - 2006
 Sectane Satani - 2007
 Acme Adeptum – 2008
 Xa Heresy – 2010
 Od Omut Serpenti – 2012
 Sublimessiah – 2014
 Agonia Agnosti – 2016
 Infernalistica – 2018
 Tri nity limb ritual – 2020

Music videos 
2000 - "Vse Materi Umirayut"
2003 - "Sociopath: Philosophy Cynicism"
2005 - "Na Smertj"

Other websites 
 Lucifugum interview for Ophiolatry Zine (Russia) 
 Lucifugum at Metal Archives
 Lucifugum at Discogs
 Black metal label Propaganda (owned by Khlyst and Stabaath)
 Lucifugum biography @ Rockdetector
 Adipocere records
 BlackMetal.Com
 Drakkar productions

Black metal bands
St. Catharines

St. Catharines is the biggest city in the Niagara Region of Canada.  Nearly 132,000 people live in St. Catharines as of 2006.

Sister cities 

  Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago

Other websites 
 City of St. Catharines' Official Website

Cities in Ontario
Oshawa

Oshawa is a city of Ontario in Canada.  It can be found on the shores of Lake Ontario. Around 141,600 people were living in Oshawa as of 2006.

References

Other websites 
 City of Oshawa website

Cities in Ontario
Worcester, Massachusetts

Worcester is a city of Worcester County in the state of Massachusetts in the United States.  It is the county seat of Worcester County.  About 175,900 people were living in Worcester as of 2006.

Worcester is 40 miles from Boston, Massachusetts and 40 miles from Springfield, Massachusetts—right in the middle.

In 1774, the first public reading of the United States Declaration of Independence in New England took place in Worcester.

Sister cities 
 Worcester, England (1998)
 Piraeus, Greece (2005)
 Pushkin, Russia
 Afula, Israel

Other websites 
Worcester official website

County seats in Massachusetts
 
1673 establishments
17th-century establishments in Massachusetts
1670s establishments in the Thirteen Colonies
Grimsby, Ontario

Grimsby (population 26 000) is a town on Lake Ontario in the Niagara Region, Ontario, Canada. Grimsby is a part of the Hamilton Census Metropolitan Area.  Most of its population lives in the area surrounded Lake Ontario and the Niagara escarpment.  The escarpment is home to a section of the Bruce Trail. There are many famous people from Grimsby, including NHL player Kevin Bieksa, and The Three Stooges director Del Lord. Grimsby is known as "the gateway between Hamilton and Niagara". In the early 1900's, Grimsby was known as an amusement park, with a roller coaster, a movie theater, and cabins on the lake. One of Grimsby's elementary schools, Grand Avenue Public School, used to be the fairgrounds for the amusement park.

References

Towns in Ontario
Camellia sinensis

Camellia sinensis, the tea plant, is the species of plant whose leaves and leaf buds are used to make tea. It is in the genus Camellia. 

White tea, green tea, oolong, pu-erh tea and black tea all come from this species. They are processed differently, so they have different levels of oxidation. Kukicha (twig tea) is also harvested from Camellia sinensis, but uses twigs and stems rather than leaves.

Tea
Camellia
California Proposition 8

Proposition 8 is an initiative passed in California on November 4, 2008 that banned same-sex marriage.  The measure passed by 52% to 48%. It changed California's Constitution by adding a section that says, "Only marriage between a man and a woman is valid or recognized in California."  The law was in response to a judge's ruling that gay marriage was legal under the California state Constitution.  The campaign to pass Proposition 8 was mostly paid for by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints.

Proposition 8 is controversial and is being debated in court. On August 4, 2010, Judge Vaughn Walker in the United States District Court made a ruling that Proposition 8 was unconstitutional and should be overturned. This would make same-sex marriage legal again in California, however, Judge Walker issued a stay of execution, so that those in favor of Proposition 8 could legal appeal.

The appeal of the case went to the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals. On February 7, 2012, the judges in this court agreed with Judge Walker that Proposition 8 was unconstitutional. However they also issued a stay of execution, so that their ruling could be appealed to the United States Supreme Court.

Those in favor of Proposition 8 appealed to the Supreme Court on July 30, 2012. On December 7, 2012, the Supreme Court agreed to judge the case. The Supreme Court will issue a final ruling on the case in 2013.

There are several possible outcomes:
 The Supreme Court could agree with the lower courts, which would force Proposition 8 to be cancelled and would allow same-sex marriage to resume in California. 
 The Court could also disagree with the lower courts, in which case Proposition 8 would remain law. 
 The Court could rule that the supporters of Proposition 8 didn't have the right to bring the case to the Supreme Court, in which case the lower court ruling would stand, and Proposition 8 would also be overturned.

Depending on exactly how the Supreme Court rules, Proposition 8 could be overturned in California only, or all other laws against same-sex marriage in the United States could be overturned as well.

References 

United States law
Proposition 8
Same-sex marriage
2008 in the United States
Digsby

Digsby was an instant messaging piece of software. It was for Microsoft Windows, with plans to support Mac and Linux. It supported Google Mail, Yahoo messenger, MSN Messenger, Facebook chat and others. Currently no longer operational.

Instant messaging software
Palacios del Sil

Palacios del Sil is a municipality in the province of León, Spain.

Several Leonese language writers were born there.

Related pages
 Cuentos del Sil
 Leonese language

Municipalities in the Kingdom of León
Municipalities in Castile and León
Settlements in León
David Archuleta

David Archuleta is an American pop vocal artist. He was the runner-up of season 7 of American Idol. Archuleta was the runner-up of "American Idol" 2008. He had the singles "Crush", "A Little Too Not Over You", "Angels", and "Touch My Hand". He released the album David Archuleta in November 2008.

Discography

Albums
 2008 - David Archuleta
 2009 - Christmas from the Heart
 2010 - 'The Other Side of Down 2012 - Forevermore 2012 - Begin 2017 - Postcards in the Sky 2018 - Winter in the Air 2020 - Therapy Sessions''

Singles
 2008 - "Crush"
 2008 - "Angels" (Robbie Williams)
 2009 - "A Little Too Not Over You"
 2009 - "Touch My Hand"
 2009 - "Have Yourself a Merry Little Christmas"
 2010 - "Something 'Bout Love"
 2010 - "Elevator"
 2010 - "Falling Stars"
 2011 - "Wait"
 2012 - "Forevermore"
 2012 - "I'll Never Go"
 2012 - "Broken"
 2012 - "Everybody Hurts"
 2013 - "Rainbow (Remix)"
 2013 - "Don't Run Away"
 2014 - "Glorious"
 2015 - "The Prayer" (with Nathan Pacheco)
 2016 - "Numb"
 2016 - "My Little Prayer"
 2016 - "Mi Pequeña Oración (My Little Prayer)"
 2017 - "Up All Night"
 2017 - "Invincible"
 2018 - "Seasons" (featuring Madilyn Paige)
 2018 - "Christmas Every Day"
 2018 - "Winter in the Air"
 2019 - "Postcards in the Sky"
 2019 - "Paralyzed"
 2019 - "Merry Christmas, Happy Holidays"
 2020 - "OK, All Right"

Other Songs
 2008 - "Imagine" (John Lennon)
 2008 - "Don't Let the Sun Go Down on Me" (Elton John)

1990 births
Living people
Singers from Utah
Singers from Florida
American Idol contestants
American Latter Day Saints
American R&B singers
American child singers
American composers
American musicians
American pop singers
American singer-songwriters
Scott Raynor

Scott Raynor (May 23, 1978) is an American drummer. He was Blink-182's drummer from 1992 to 1998, when he was told to leave the band. Now Raynor is a drummer for the bands Isinglass and One Track Mind.

When asked about being removed from Blink-182 in an interview, this is what Raynor said:

Discography

Blink-182 
 Flyswatter (1993)
 Demo #2 (1993)
 Short Bus (1994)
 Cheshire Cat (1994)
 Buddha Promo (1994)
 They Came to Conquer... Uranus (1995)
 Dude Ranch (1997)
Buddha (1998)

ISINGLASS 
 ISINGLASS(1999)
 New Millennium (2000)

One Track Mind 
 Music for Dummies (2003)

References 

1978 births
Living people
American drummers
American guitarists
American punk musicians
Musicians from California
David Archuleta (album)

David Archuleta is the first album released by runner-up of Season 8 of American Idol, David Archuleta. The studio album includes the songs "Crush", and "A Little Too Not Over You".

Original Track Listing 
 "Crush"
 "Touch My Hand"
 "Barriers"
 "My Hands"
 "A Little Too Not Over You"
 "You Can"
 "Running"
 "Desperate"
 "To Be With You"
 "Don't Let Go"
 "Your Eyes Don't Lie"
 "Angels"

iTunes Deluxe Edition Tracks 
 "Waiting for Yesterday"
 "Falling"
 "Let Me Go"
 "Somebody Out There"

Wal-Mart Bonus Tracks 
 "Works For Me!"

2008 albums
Debut albums
pop albums
R&B albums
Crush (David Archuleta song)

"Crush" is a #1 hit single by David Archuleta. The single came off the album David Archuleta. "Crush" was released on August 2, 2008. The single was recorded during the final episodes of Season 8 of American Idol.

Pop songs
2008 songs
A Little Too Not Over You

A Little Too Not Over You is a 2009 song. It was released in early January 2009 by David Archuleta. The hit single came off the album David Archuleta. The song was on airplay since late-December. A LIttle Too Not Over You is the 4th track off the album by Archuleta.

2009 songs
Czechoslovak government-in-exile

The Czechoslovak government-in-exile (sometimes called officially as: provisional government of Czechoslovakia) was an informal name given to the Czechoslovak National Liberation Committee, first by British diplomatic recognition. The name was used by other World War II Allies as they followed the British in recognizing it. The Committee was originally created by the former Czechoslovak President, Edvard Beneš in Paris, France in October 1939. Unsuccessful negotiations with France for diplomatic status, as well as the impending Nazi occupation of France, forced the Committee to move to London in 1940. From there, it moved to Aston Abbots, Buckinghamshire in 1941, where it sought relative safety from the London Blitz.

It was the true government for Czechoslovakia throughout the Second World War. A specifically anti-Fascist government, it sought to reverse the Munich Agreement and the following German occupation of Czechoslovakia, and to return the Republic to its 1937 boundaries. Due to this it was considered, by those countries that recognized it, the legal continuation of the First Republic of Czechoslovakia.

References

Czechoslovakia
Nellis Solar Power Plant

The Nellis Solar Power Plant was the largest solar power plant in North America when it was built in 2007. It is in Nellis Air Force Base in Clark County, Nevada.

References

Buildings and structures in Nevada
Solar power plants
Las Vegas, Nevada
2007 establishments in the United States
2000s establishments in Nevada
Richard Keys

Richard Keys, (born 23 April 1957, Coventry, England) is an English broadcaster who is famous for presenting live football matches on Sky Sports since the early 1990s. He was a presenter on TV-am before joining Sky.

References

1957 births
Living people
English television presenters
Energetics

Energetics is the scientific study of energy movement and storages under change. Energetics is a wide field of study. This study includes topics such as thermodynamics, chemistry and biochemistry. Scientists often debate where each topic begins and ends.

Thermodynamics
Wally Gator

Wally Gator is a cartoon made by Hanna-Barbera.  It was first shown on television on September 3, 1962. The main character is an alligator named Wally. Wally lives in a zoo. He tends to run away from the zoo because he misses the swamp. However, Mr. Twiddle (the zookeeper) often captures Wally and brings him back to the zoo.

References

Hanna-Barbera characters
Animated characters
Animated television series
English-language television programs
1962 television series debuts
1963 television series endings
Elie Wiesel

Elie Wiesel (; born Eliezer Wiesel on September 30, 1928 – July 2, 2016) was a Romanian-American Jewish writer, teacher, political activist, winner of the Nobel Peace Prize and Holocaust survivor.  His most well-known book is Night which is about his life in several concentration camps during the Holocaust. He was a humanitarian.  

Wiesel won the 1986 Nobel Peace Prize.  The Norwegian Nobel Committee praised his message "of peace, atonement and human dignity".

Wiesel died on July 2, 2016 at his home in Manhattan, aged 87.

Works
The Gates of the Forest 
Night

References 

1928 births
2016 deaths
American journalists
American Nobel Prize winners
American novelists
American political activists
Congressional Gold Medal recipients
Holocaust survivors
Jewish activists
Jewish American academics
Jewish American writers
Jewish Nobel Prize winners
Naturalized citizens of the United States
Presidential Medal of Freedom recipients
Romanian Jews
Romanian writers
Educators from New York City
Leaked in London

Leaked in London is a live EP that was recorded by Fall Out Boy in 2007. The EP was made in response to their fourth album, Infinity on High, being leaked onto the internet three weeks before its actual release date. Those who bought Infinity On High could download Leaked In London from Fall Out Boy's website by using the CDPass software and inserting the Infinity On High CD into their computer.

Track listing 
All songs written by Fall Out Boy, except when noted.
 "Thriller" – 3:29
 ""The Take Over, the Breaks Over"" – 3:33
 "This Ain't a Scene, It's an Arms Race" – 3:32
 "I'm Like a Lawyer with the Way I'm Always Trying to Get You off (Me & You)" – 3:31
 "Hum Hallelujah" – 3:50 (Fall Out Boy, Cohen)
 "Golden" – 2:32
 "Thnks fr th Mmrs" – 3:23
 "Don't You Know Who I Think I Am?" – 2:51
 "The (After) Life of the Party" – 3:21
 "The Carpal Tunnel of Love" – 3:23 (Fall Out Boy, Eisold)
 "Bang the Doldrums" – 3:31
 "Fame < Infamy" – 3:06
 "You're Crashing, But You're No Wave" – 3:42
 "I've Got All This Ringing in My Ears and None on My Fingers" – 4:06

References 

Fall Out Boy albums
Pictorella mannikin

The pictorella mannikin (Heteromunia pectoralis) (also known as the pictorella munia or pictorella finch) is a species of bird in the family Estrildidae. They live in northern Australia, from the Fitzroy River in Western Australia, across the "Top End" of the Northern Territory, over to the Cape York Peninsula.

References

 
  (2007a): [ 2006-2007 Red List status changes  ]. Retrieved 2007-AUG-26.
  (2007b): Pictorella Munia - BirdLife Species Factsheet. Retrieved 2007-AUG-28.

Birds of Australia
RPG-26

The RPG-26 Aglen is a disposable anti-tank rocket launcher that was made by the  Soviet Union. Entered service in 1985. It can shoot to about 250 meters.

Information about the gun
 Calibre: 72.5 mm
 Length: 770 mm
 Weight: 2.9 kg
 Range: effective combat, 250 m
 Operating temperature: -50 to +50°C

Other websites

Weapons
Fright Night (album)

Fright Night is the first album by the Finnish power metal band Stratovarius.

Track listing 
"Future Shock" – 4:36
"False Messiah" – 5:20
"Black Night" – 3:43
"Witch-Hunt" – 3:22
"Fire Dance" – 2:20
"Fright Night" – 8:13
"Night Screamer" – 4:48
"Darkness" – 6:57
"Goodbye" – 1:14

Band members 
Timo Tolkki - Guitar, Vocals
Jyrki Lentonen - Bass
Antti Ikonen - Keyboards
Tuomo Lassila - Drums

1989 albums
Auerbach (Vogtland)

Auerbach () is a town in the rural district Vogtlandkreis, in Saxony, Germany.

References

Other websites 

 

Vogtlandkreis Rural District
Borna, Leipzig

Borna () is a town in the rural district Leipzig, in Saxony, Germany. It is also the capital of this district. It is located about 25 km southeast of Leipzig.

References

Other websites
 Official website

 

Leipzig Rural District
Hartenstein, Saxony

Hartenstein is a town in the rural district Zwickau, in Saxony, Germany. It is located on the river Zwickauer Mulde, 14 km southeast of Zwickau. Hartenstein has about 5,000 Inhabitants.

Population

References

Other websites

Zwickau Rural District
Natasha Richardson

Natasha Jane Richardson (11 May 1963 – 18 March 2009) was a Tony Award-winning English stage and movie actress.

Life and career 
Richardson was the daughter of actress Vanessa Redgrave and movie director and producer Tony Richardson. She was the granddaughter of Michael Redgrave and Rachel Kempson. In 1994, she married Liam Neeson. Together, they had two children, Micheal (born 1995) and Daniel (born 1996).

Early in her career she portrayed Mary Shelley and Patty Hearst in movies. She received critical acclaim and a Theatre World Award for her Broadway debut in the 1993 revival of Anna Christie. She won the Tony Award for "Best Performance by a Leading Actress in a Musical", the Drama Desk Award for "Outstanding Actress in a Musical", and the Outer Critics Circle Award for her performance as Sally Bowles in the 1998 Broadway revival of Cabaret. 

Some of her best known movies included Nell (1994), The Parent Trap (1998 remake) and 
Maid in Manhattan (2002).

Death 
Richardson died in  a hospital in New York City on March 18, 2009. She did not recover from brain damage that happened in a skiing accident in Quebec, Canada. She was on vacation with her two sons.

References 

1963 births
2009 deaths
Accidental deaths in New York
Actors from London
Deaths from cerebral hemorrhage
Skiing deaths
English movie actors
English stage actors
English television actors
English voice actors
Tony Award winning actors
Deaths from head injury
Beetlejuice (movie)

Beetlejuice is a 1988 American fantasy-comedy-horror movie directed by Tim Burton. The movie stars Alec Baldwin, Geena Davis, Winona Ryder and Michael Keaton as Beetlejuice.

Plot
Barbara (Geena Davis) and Adam (Alec Baldwin) Maitland decide to spend their holiday decorating their New England country home. Driving back from a trip to town, they crash the car and are killed. The story carries on with the couple going home as ghosts but they at first do not know that they are dead.

The couple's house is then sold and in move the new owners from New York City. The Deetzes, who are Charles (Jeffrey Jones) and his wife Delia (Catherine O'Hara), her friend Otho (Glenn Shadix) and Charles' goth daughter Lydia (Winona Ryder) from his first marriage. The new couple then start to make changes to the house which upsets the ghosts. The Maitlands'  then try to scare the new owners out of the house but they are not good at scaring people.

The ghosts can't be seen by anyone in the house other than by the daughter Lydia, with whom they become friends. They try to get a bad ghost to scare the new family out of the house and ask Beetlejuice to do it for them. But all he wants to do is marry Lydia so that he can come back to life.

Cast
 Alec Baldwin and Geena Davis as Adam and Barbara Maitland: A young, married couple who are killed in a car accident.
 Winona Ryder as Lydia Deetz: Daughter of Charles Deetz (Delia is actually her stepmother), a goth adolescent. She is the only one of the family who can see the Maitlands and quickly befriends them.
 Catherine O'Hara as Delia Deetz: Wife of Charles and stepmother to Lydia and a sculptor.
 Jeffrey Jones as Charles Deetz: A successful builder
 Glenn Shadix as Otho: Delia's friend and ghost expert 
 Sylvia Sidney as Juno: Social worker for the dead.
 Michael Keaton as Beetlejuice: The bad ghost in the movie.

References

Other websites
 
 
 
 
 

1988 comedy movies
1980s black comedy movies
1980s fantasy movies
1988 horror movies
1980s ghost movies
1980s monster movies
American comedy movies
American fantasy movies
American ghost movies
American horror movies
American monster movies
Comedy horror movies
English-language movies
Haunted house movies
Movies directed by Tim Burton
Warner Bros. movies
Geena Davis

Virginia Elizabeth "Geena" Davis (born January 21, 1956) is an Academy Award-, Golden Globe-winning and Emmy-nominated American actress, film producer, writer, former fashion model. Davis is also a member of Mensa International.

Personal life 
From 1982 until 1983, Davis was married to Richard Emmolo.

From 1987 until 1990, she was married to Jeff Goldblum.

From 1993 until 1998, she was married to Renny Harlin.

On September 1, 2001, she married Reza Jarrahy. They have three children, daughter Alizeh Keshvar Davis Jarrahy (born on April 10, 2002) and twin sons Kian William Davis Jarrahy and Kaiis Steven Davis Jerrahy (born on May 6, 2004).

Other websites 

 
 

1956 births
Living people
Academy Award winning actors
Golden Globe Award winning actors
American movie actors
Models from Massachusetts
Actors from Massachusetts
Lise Simms

Elisabeth Caroline Simms (born March 17, 1963 in southern Colorado), credited as Lise Simms, is an American actress, singer, and dancer.

Biography
Lise grew up in southern Colorado. Her parents are Bill and Jacque Simms and is the sixth of nine children. Her brother, Tom Simms, is a Spanish teacher at Centennial High School. Lise graduated from Centennial High School in 1981, and from Oklahoma State University in 1985.

Career

Broadway and theater
Lise began her acting career at age 13. She started doing Broadway after graduating from high school and starred in numerous plays such as Other People's Money, Mame, Can-Can, Sweet Charity, and Bye Bye Birdie during the 1980s. She was also a member of the original Los Angeles, California cast of Beauty and the Beast and toured around the world with A Chorus Line in 1986.

Television
Simms was the host of Style Network's Area. She had a recurring role on Sunset Beach, but is best known for her role as "Barbara Diffy", Phil's mom in the Disney Channel original series Phil of the Future, where she also played "The Timekeeper" in the episode "It's a Wonder-Phil Life". She had a recurring role as "Connie Wayne" in the soap opera The Young and the Restless, and made guest appearances on Friends, Providence, MADtv, 3rd Rock from the Sun, Star Trek: Voyager and many others. She performed for President Ronald Reagan in 1988's Great Performances at the White House series, which aired on PBS. 

Most recently, Simms can be seen as co-host and interior designer on Home & Garden Television's Desperate Spaces. Simms works with co-host and designer Daniel Kucan to decorate a room of a home in just two days and with only $2,500. They choose 1 room from 3 deserving rooms in need. Desperate Spaces premiered January 1, 2008. 

Simms had a guest spot on the February 3, 2009 episode of 90210 as Ty's mother, Louise Collins.

TV commercials
Simms has been in commercials for the game Jenga, the remedies Tums, Maalox, Advil, Bluefly, Post Cereal's Shredded Wheat, and Dairy Queen's "Moolate" shakes. At one time, she co-hosted an infomercial for Rug Doctor carpet cleaning products. Simms also hosted a infomercial for Franklin Wheel and won an Astrid Award. She had appeared in Disney Channel's Express Yourself segments with other Disney Channel stars.

Filmography
 Perry Mason: The Case of the Heartbroken Bride (1992) - Female guest.
 The Dentist (1996) - Paula Roberts.
 The Omega Code (1999) - Talk show reporter.
 Star Trek: Away Team (2001) - T'Andoria.
 Dragonfly (2002) - Nephrology desk nurse.
 Suits on the Loose (2006) - Christine.
 Snow Buddies (2008) - Meg.

Television roles
 Sunset Beach (1997) - Nurse Kathy Baker (1998).
 The Young and the Restless (1973) - Connie Wayne (1999).
 Area (2002) - Host.
 Phil of the Future (2004) - Barbara Diffy.
 Desperate Spaces (2008) - Host.

Guest appearances
 90210 (2009) - Louise Collins.
 iCarly (2008) - Mrs. Linda Peeloff.
 ER (2006) - Emcee.

American stage actors
American television actors
1963 births
Living people
Actors from Colorado
Crawford County, Arkansas

Crawford County is a county found in the state of Arkansas.  About 53,200 people were living in Crawford County as of 2000.

Cities and towns 
These are the cities and towns of Crawford County:

References

Other websites 
 Crawford County government's website

Arkansas counties
1820 establishments in Arkansas Territory
Medical abortion

A medical abortion is an abortion where drugs are used to induce the abortion. In the 1970s, such abortions became an option to end the pregnancy during its first trimester.  The drugs most often used in 2009 are mifepristone and methotrexate, either alone or in combination with a prostaglandin.

References

Abortion
Durand Line

The Durand Line is the international  land border between Afghanistan and Pakistan in South-Central Asia. It was established after an 1897 memorandum of understanding (MoU) between Mortimer Durand of British India and Afghan Amir Abdur Rahman Khan.  Referred to as a frontier line, it is named after Mortimer Durand, who was the Foreign Secretary of colonial British India at the time. Later, Abdur Rahman Khan's successor, Amir Habibullah Khan signed a new agreement with Britain which again confirmed the legality of the Durand Line. King Amanullah Khan also accepted Durand line as international border between Afghanistan and British India after signing the Anglo-Afghan treaty of 1919. Article 5 of this treaty, on the basis of which Afghanistan reclaimed its independence, says that Afghanistan accepted all previously agreed border arrangements with British India.  Hence, Afghanistan as an independent country recognized Durand line as an international border.

The Durand Line cuts through the Afghan tribal areas, politically dividing ethnic Pashtuns and Baloch people who live on both sides.  The line is internationally recognized by many countries as the western border of Pakistan, but Afghan governments after 1947 never recognized it.

Afghan Pashtun leaders claim Pakistani territories and say that the Durand Line is "an issue of historical importance for Afghanistan. The Afghan people, not the government, can take a final decision on it." However, non-Pashtuns Afghans have always recognized durand line as international border between Pakistan and Afghanistan. Similarly, Pakistani Pashtuns have also recognized Durand line as international border between Afghanistan and Pakistan. In 2017 President Hamid Karzai said Afghanistan "will never accept" the Durand Line.

References

Other websites
 Pak-Afghan Relations: The Durand Line Issue Institute of Policy Studies, Islamabad

History of Afghanistan
History of Pakistan
1893 establishments
1949 disestablishments in Asia
Mazandarani language

Mazandarani (in Mazandarani: ) is a Iranian language. It is spoken in northern Iran. Areas that use it are: Mazandaran, west of Golestan, north of Tehran and Semnan and northeast of Qazvin. Between 3-4 million people speak it. Mazandarni is an older Iranian language.

Script and alphabet 
Mazandarani language was written in the Pahlavi alphabet in the early centuries of Islam. The language uses the Arabic alphabet.

Literature 
Mazandarni language has the oldest literature among local languages in Iran. Among books written in this language are:
 Translation of Quran
 Marzbananme
 Nikiname

Iranian languages
Languages of Iran
Mazandaran
La Nuestra Tierra

La Nuestra Tierra (Our land) was a weekly newspaper edited by the IDEL (Leonese Studies Institute) between 2000 and 2004. Its content was mainly about Leonese territory and a 30% of it was written in Leonese language, from opinion articles to information in Leonese language. 

This publication edited 162 numbers, and was supported by the European Union and the Leonese public administrations.

Leonese language
Newspapers
East Punjab

East Punjab was a region of India. It was separated from West Punjab, which became a part of Pakistan by the Radcliffe Line after India was divided in 1947. It existed between 1947-1966 and it comprised the present-day states of Himachal Pradesh, Haryana and Doab (India), itself re-named as Indian Punjab. It had an area of 150,037 km2 and today it would have had an combined population of 59,913,826 (2011 est).

References

1940s establishments in India
1947 establishments in Asia
1960s disestablishments in Asia
1966 disestablishments
20th-century disestablishments in India
Himachal Pradesh
History of India
Punjab
Caraway

Caraway (Carum carvi) (Ar. كراويه), also known as meridian fennel and Persian cumin, is a biennial plant with spicy-tasting seed in the family Apiaceae, native to Europe and western Asia.

Caraway was used to make the spiced wine, claret, in the Middle Ages.

Spices
Jonathan Ross

Jonathan Stephen Ross OBE (born 17 November 1960) is a British television and radio presenter. 

Ross was born in St Pancras, London and raised in Leytonstone, London. His mother is Martha Ross. Paul Ross, Simon Ross and Miles Ross are his brothers.

Ross has worked a lot on the BBC. On the BBC One television channel, Ross presented The Film Programme from 1997 and his own talk show, Friday Night with Jonathan Ross from 2001. He presented a radio show on BBC Radio 2 beginning in 1999. Ross decided to stop presenting all three shows and leave the BBC in 2010. He began presenting a new talk show, The Jonathan Ross Show on ITV1 on 3 September 2011.

Ross is known for his difficulty in pronouncing the letter "r", which sounds more like the sound of a "w" in his speech. Ross was first on television in 1970 in an advert for Kellogg's Rice Krispies.

Personal life
Ross married Jane Goldman in 1988. The couple have two daughters and a son.

Other websites

1960 births
Living people
BBC radio presenters
BBC television presenters
British television talk show hosts
English television presenters
People from the London Borough of Camden
People from Leytonstone
Television personalities from London
Ef (Cyrillic)

Ef (Ф, ф) is the nineteenth letter in the Cyrillic alphabet. It sounds like [f].

It comes from the Greek letter phi.

Related pages
 Phi (letter)
Kha

Kha (Х, х) is the twentieth letter in the Cyrillic alphabet. It sounds like [kh].

It comes from the Greek letter chi and stands as the Roman letters H and X.

Related pages
 Χ, χ - Chi (Greek)
 H, h (Roman)
 X, x (Roman)
Tse (Cyrillic)

Tseh (Ц, ц) is the twenty-first letter in the Cyrillic alphabet. It sounds like [ts]. Its lowercase italic form is ц.

It stands for the Roman letter C.

Related pages
 C, c (Roman)
 Џ, џ - Dzhe (Cyrillic)
Che (Cyrillic)

Cheh (Ч, ч) is the twenty-second letter in the Cyrillic alphabet. It sounds like [tʃ]. It is transliterated into the Roman alphabet as ch in English and tch in French.
Sha

Sha (Ш, ш) is the twenty-third letter in the Cyrillic alphabet. It sounds like [ʃ]. Its lowercase italic form is ш.

It comes from the Hebrew letter shin. It is transliterated into the Roman alphabet as sh in English, sch in German, ch in French, ş in Turkish, sz in Polish and š in most Slavic languages (Czech, Slovak, Serbian, Slovene, Croatian) using that alphabet.

Related pages
Shin (letter)
Щ, щ - Shcha (Cyrillic)
Mikroglottika

Mikroglottika - An International Journal of Minority Languages Philologies, is a language scientific magazine about minority languages. The word Mikroglottika means minority language studies.

It encourages studies about minority languages philology, as phonology, syntax, lexicon and related topics.

It is edited by Peter Lang in Germany. Teachers from Universities of several European countries also contribute.
Its Yearbook 2008 has content about these languages:

 Basque
 German
 Leonese
 Luxemburgian
 Ukrainian

References

Other websites
 Mikroglottika web site 

Linguistics
German language
Leonese language
Araluen Zieria

The Araluen Zieria (Zieria adenophora), is a small shrub found in only one place, on a slope above the Araluen Creek, near Araluen, New South Wales, Australia. In 2001 there were only 56 known plants. The plants were first collected in 1888, and they were then thought to have become extinct. The Zieria was rediscovered in the late 1980s.

What the plant looks like
It is a small shrub, which is related to the boronia plants. It is about  tall and 50 cm wide, though some plants have grown up to  tall. It has a small white or pink flower with four petals, about  long. The plant has flowers in spring, from August to October. It also has small green leaves which are trifoliate, as being in three parts like a clover leaf. The leaves have a strong smell.

Where they grow
The plants have only been found near the Araluen Creek. They are growing on a steep, rocky, hillside.

Endangered
The plant has been listed as Endangered under the Australian Government's Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999. It is also listed by the New South Wales Government, Endangered (Schedule 1, Part 1) on the NSW Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995. It is endangered because there are so few of the plants and they are only found in one place. A bushfire could destroy all the plants. There is also a danger from wild goats in the area. The goats do not eat the Zieria, but they could walk on the new seedlings and crush them. The goats might eat all the other plants which could lead to erosion and the soil could be washed away. Weeds growing around the plants might also stop new Zierias from growing.

Saving the plant
There is now a plan to protect the plant. These plans include:
 A fence to keep out wild goats
 Stopping any building or disturbing the site
 Studying the plant
 Trying to grow new plants in other places
 Looking for the plants in other places.

Other websites
 Photo of the Araluen Zieria from the Australian Plant Image Index

References

Rutaceae
Plants of Australia
Shrubs
Mifepristone

Mifepristone is a synthetic steroid that is used as a drug. It can be used to cause a medical abortion in the first two months of pregnancy. It can also be used as an emergency contraceptive.  It is often known as RU-486, the name it had in early tests. It was discovered by Roussel Uclaf in France in 1980. 

Drugs
Abortion
Methotrexate

Methotrexate is a drug. It is used to treat cancer and other autoimmune diseases. It can also be used to cause a medical abortion in the early stages of pregnancy.

Drugs
Cancer treatment
Abortion
Hysterotomy abortion

A hysterotomy abortion is a form of surgical abortion. In a hyterotomy abortion, the womb is opened, and the fetus is removed. This is similar to a Caesarean section, but requires a smaller cut.

This method has the greatest risk of complications out of all the abortion procedures.  It is only used where other methods can or should not be done. It is used between the 12th and 24th week of pregnancy.

References

Abortion
Duke of Devonshire

Duke of Devonshire is a title in the Peerage of England held by members of the aristocratic Cavendish family. This branch of the Cavendish family has been one of the richest and most influential aristocratic families in England since the 16th century, and have been rivalled in political influence perhaps only by the Earls of Derby and the Marquesses of Salisbury.

Further reading
 Pearson, John. The Serpent and the Stag. Holt, Rinehart, & Winston, 1984.

References
 Kidd, Charles, Williamson, David (editors). Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage (1990 edition). New York: St Martin's Press, 1990.
 www.thepeerage.com

Other websites
 An Online Gotha - Devonshire 
 Chiswick's local search engine
Secretary of State for Transport

The Secretary of State for Transport is the member of the cabinet responsible for the British Department for Transport.  The role has had a high turnover as new appointments are blamed for the failures of decades of their predecessors.  The office used to be called the Minister of Transport, and has been merged with the Department for the Environment at various times.

Members of the Cabinet of the United Kingdom
Duke of Gloucester

Duke of Gloucester () is a British royal title (after Gloucester), often conferred on one of the sons of the reigning monarch. The first four creations were in the Peerage of England, the next in the Peerage of Great Britain, and the last in the Peerage of the United Kingdom; this current creation carries with it the subsidiary titles of Earl of Ulster and Baron Culloden.

Other websites
Duke of Gloucester 

Gloucester
Edinburgh Trams

The Edinburgh Trams project is a scheme to build a new tramway in Edinburgh, Scotland.  Local public transport had been limited to buses since the closing of the city’s previous Edinburgh Corporation Tramways system on 16 November 1956.Edinburgh Trams is a tramway in Edinburgh, Scotland, operated by Edinburgh Trams Ltd. As of 2017 it is a 14-kilometre line between York Place in New Town and Edinburgh Airport, with 16 stops. Construction began in June 2008, and after encountering delays it opened on 31 May 2014.

Related pages
Transport in Edinburgh
Edinburgh Corporation Tramways (closed in 1956)
Light Rail Transit Association
Scottish Tramway and Transport Society
List of Tramways in Scotland
Edinburgh Airport Rail Link

Other websites
Edinburgh's Official Tram Time web site
Leith Business Association  Business Owners affected by the implementation of the tramway
Auditor Generals Report on Tram Scheme
Edinburgh Tram (Line One) Bill Committee 
Edinburgh Tram (Line Two) Bill Committee 
Edinburgh Tram (Line One) Act 2006
Edinburgh Tram (Line Two) Act 2006

Light rail in the United Kingdom
Tram transport in the United Kingdom
Transport in Scotland
BR Standard Class 8

The BR Standard Class 8 was a class of 4-6-2 Pacific steam locomotive made by Robert Riddles for use by British Railways. Only an example was made. It was named Duke of Gloucester. It was made at Crewe Works in 1954. It is known as the Duke. It was a replacement for the destroyed Princess Royal Class vehicle number 46202 Princess Anne. It was involved in the Harrow and Wealdstone rail disaster of 1952.

Gallery

Sound 

 71000 passing St Andrew's Junction

References 

 'British Railways standard 3 cylinder 4-6-2 express passenger steam locomotive No. 71000' (HMSO, British Transport Commission: London, 1957), p. [58] (Performance and efficiency tests, Bulletin No. 15)
'British Railways standard class "8" locomotives' (Engineer: 1954, 197, 81)
 'B.R. class 8 4-6-2 locomotive No. 71000' (Locomotive, Railway Carriage and Wagon Review: 1954, 60)
 'British Railways prototype class '8" express passenger locomotive' (Railway Magazine: 1954, 100)
 Clarke, David: Riddles Class 6/7 Standard Pacifics (Locomotives in Detail volume 5) (Ian Allan: Hinckley, 2006) 
 Herring, Peter: Classic British Steam Locomotives (Abbeydale Press: London, 2000) Section "BR Standard Class 8" 
 Hopkins, Danny and Streeter, Tony: 'The Duke's Bad Day' (Steam Railway Magazine: 2007, 338)
 Langston, Keith: Made in Crewe: 150 Years of Engineering Excellence (Mortons Media: Horncastle, 2006), 
 Nock, O.S.: 'Performance and efficiency tests on B.R. class 8 locomotive' (Engineer: 1957, 204)

Further reading

 Gilbert, Dr. P. T. (Ed.): A Detailed History Of BR Standard Steam Locomotives. Volume 1. Background to Standardisation and Pacific Classes (Railway Correspondence & Travel Society (RCTS): 1994)

Other websites 

 The 71000 Trust website - latest news and photos of the Duke of Gloucester 
 The Duke of Gloucester website - more detail and pictures
 Steam Special along the West Cumbria Coast 24th Feb and 10 March 2007 

Standard Class 8
Individual locomotives
British Railways steam locomotives
Street furniture

Street furniture is the equipment on streets and roads mostly for the safety of people and their information. The term is most used in the UK, Canada and Australia.

It includes benches, bollards, post boxes, phone boxes,  street lighting, traffic lights,  traffic signs,  bus stops, grit bins, tram stops, taxi stands, public lavatories, public bookcases, fountains and memorials, and waste receptacles. 

An important consideration in the design of street furniture is how it affects road safety.

Related pages
 Roads
 Pedestrian crossing

Other websites
 What is Street Furniture?

 
Urban planning
Henri Poincaré

Jules Henri Poincaré (29 April 1854 – 17 July 1912) was a French mathematician and scientist. He was described as a "monster of mathematics " when still a child. Many people think he was the last person to understand all branches of mathematics before the subject became too big for anyone to do this.

Family
He came from a clever family, his father was a professor of medicine and his cousin, Raymond Poincaré became president of France. He was sick as a child and for many years he had to be taught at home by his mother.

Works
He used his mathematical skills to look at some of the biggest problems in science in his day. He was the first person to describe in mathematical terms how three planets in orbit affect each others paths as they pass near by one another. This was called the Three Body Problem. He also tried to understand why the speed of light seems to be the fastest speed at which anything can travel in the universe. In some ways he beat the famous scientist Albert Einstein to solving this question, but Einstein gave a more complete answer. He gained fame for the discovery of the theory of relativity instead of Poincaré.

He created the Poincaré Conjecture, one of the most famous problems in mathematics which was only solved 100 years later. He began the branches of mathematics which are known today as chaos theory and topology.

He also wrote about science in a simple way that ordinary people could understand.

1791 births
1867 deaths
French geometers
French theoretical physicists
Topologists