cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Edward Williams Clay

Edward Williams Clay (April 17, 1799 – December 31, 1857) was an American artist. He made a lot of different types of art. He made paintings and cartoons. He was also a printmaker.

Early life

Edward Williams Clay was born in the year 1799. He was born in the city of Philadelphia in the state of Pennsylvania in the United States. His father was a sea captain. His name was Robert Clay. His mother was named Eliza Williams. Clay went to law school. He joined the Pennsylvania Bar Association. He became an engraver when he was in school. He didn't work as a lawyer very long. He decided to quit and become an artist for a living.

Work as an artist

Clay went to Europe during the years 1825 until 1828. He studied art there. After he came back to America, he made a collection of drawings called Life in Philadelphia. The drawings show racism against African American people who lived in Philadelphia. In the year 1831, he started making political cartoons. He made jokes about Andrew Jackson in a drawing called "The Rats Leave a Falling House". He moved to New York City in 1837. He made art for magazines and books, and also made drawings for sheet music.

Later life and death

He started to go blind and had to stop making art. He moved to Delaware and worked for the state government until he moved back to New York City in 1856. He became sick and died of tuberculosis in 1857. He is buried in Christ Church Burial Ground in Philadelphia. His artwork is owned by The Library Company of Philadelphia and the Library of Congress.

References

1799 births
1857 deaths
American painters
American cartoonists
American printmakers
Lawyers from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania Bar Association

The Pennsylvania Bar Association is an American voluntary association of lawyers and people going to school for law. It is located in the state of Pennsylvania and is for people who work in that state. In the year 2013, 28,000 people were a part of the association.

References

Other websites

Pennsylvania
Law
Billy Unger

Billy Unger (born October 15, 1995) is an American actor. He is best known for his role of Chase Davenport on the sitcom Lab Rats. Unger was born in southern Florida. When he was 11 years old, he moved to California for his acting career.

References

Actors from Florida
American television actors
1995 births
Living people
Hattie Caraway

Hattie Ophelia Wyatt Caraway (February 1, 1878 — December 21, 1950) was the first woman elected to serve a full term in the United States Senate. She was the Senator from Arkansas for just over thirteen years (December 1931 to January 1945).

Caraway had a stroke in 1950. She died later that year in Falls Church, Virginia due to this stroke.

Cardiovascular disease deaths in Virginia
Deaths from stroke
United States senators from Arkansas
1878 births
1950 deaths
Division of Paterson

The Division of Paterson is an Australian electoral division in the state of New South Wales. It is just north of Newcastle, on the coast of the Tasman Sea. It includes the towns of Anna Bay, Bulahdelah. Clarence Town, Dungog, Forster, Hawks Nest, Lemon Tree Passage, Medowie, Morpeth, Nelson Bay, Paterson, Raymond Terrace, Stroud, Tuncurry and parts of Nabiac, Thornton and East Maitland. The division was first set up in 1949 and abolished in 1984. It was recreated after a redistribution in 1992.

The division is named after poet and author Banjo Paterson. It is possible that is was named after Colonel William Paterson who also gave his name to the Paterson River and the town of Paterson, both of which were in the electorate. It was first contested at the 1949 election.

In 1949 the division included Singleton, Maitland and Muswellbrook. Redistributions moved the electorate north until it included Gunnedah and Mudgee. The original electorate was abolished in 1984. In 1992 it was recreated covering a similar area to the original electorate.

Members

Election results
 2004 election results
 2007 election results
 2010 election results
 2013 election results

References

Other websites
 Division of Paterson - Australian Electoral Commission

Electoral divisions of Australia
New South Wales
1949 establishments in Australia
1984 disestablishments in Australia
1992 establishments in Australia
Elaine S. Edwards

Elaine Schwartzenburg Edwards (March 8, 1929 – May 14, 2018) was a former United States Senator from Louisiana. She was a member of the Democratic Party. Edwards was the wife of Edwin Edwards, the former Governor of Louisiana. They were married from 1949 until they divorced in 1989. She was a Senator for three and a half months during 1972. Edwards was born in Marksville, Louisiana.

Edwards died on May 14, 2018 at her daughter's home in Denham Springs, Louisiana of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease at the age of 89.

References

US Democratic Party politicians
United States senators from Louisiana
Deaths from COPD
1929 births
2018 deaths
Margaret Chase Smith

Margaret Chase Smith (14 December 1897 — 29 May 1995) was an American politician. She was a member of the House of Representatives from 1940 to 1949, and a United States Senator from 1949 to 1973. She was from the Republican Party. She was the first female to be in both houses of the United States Congress.

Chase was born in Maine. She died after a stroke at age 97.

References

1964 United States presidential candidates
United States senators from Maine
Deaths from stroke
1897 births
1995 deaths
Eva Bowring

Eva Kelly Bowring (January 9, 1892 — January 8, 1985) was a United States Senator from Nebraska. She was the first woman from Nebraska in the Senate. She was a Senator for seven months during 1954.

She was born in Missouri. She died the day before her 93rd birthday.

US Republican Party politicians
Politicians from Missouri
United States senators from Nebraska
1892 births
1985 deaths
George Goodman

George Jerome Waldo Goodman (August 10, 1930 – January 3, 2014) was an American author and economics commentator. He was best known by his pen name Adam Smith. He also wrote fiction under his real name. 

Goodman died at the age of 83, at the University of Miami Hospital. He had suffered from the bone marrow disorder myelofibrosis.

References

Other websites

 Goodman's bio at Bookrags.com, page 1
 Goodman's bio at Bookrags.com, page 2
 

1930 births
2014 deaths
Writers from St. Louis, Missouri
Deaths from myelofibrosis
Peter O'Sullevan

Sir Peter John O'Sullevan (3 March 1918 – 29 July 2015) was an Irish retired horse racing commentator. He worked for the BBC, the Press Association, Daily Express and Today. He was the BBC's leading horse-racing commentator from 1947 to 1997.

O'Sullevan was born in Kenmare, Ireland. He studied at Hawtreys, Charterhouse School, and later at Collège Alpin International Beau Soleil in Switzerland. O'Sullevan died of cancer in London, aged 97.

References

Other websites
  2002 BBC Sports article on Royal Ascot
 2005 interview in The Independent (London)

1918 births
2015 deaths
BBC people
Cancer deaths in London
Sportspeople from the Republic of Ireland
Rebecca Latimer Felton

Rebecca Ann Latimer Felton (10 June 1835 — 24 January 1930) was an American writer, lecturer and politician. She was in the United States Senate as a Democrat. She was from Georgia.

Latimer Felton was born in the Atlanta area. She died in the city of Atlanta, aged 94.

US Democratic Party politicians
United States senators from Georgia
1835 births
1930 deaths
Oswald of Northumbria

Oswald (–642) was a King of Northumbria and the first Christian monarch of that kingdom. Oswald brought St. Aidan from Iona to start a monastery on the island of Lindisfarne. Oswald was also venerated as a saint.

Early career 

Oswald was born , the son of King Athelfrith of Bernicia and his second wife Acha of Deira. At age twelve his father was killed in battle by Edwin who became King of Northumbria. Along with his brothers Eanfrith and Oswiu and their sister Aebbe, he found safety with the Scots in Dál Riata. The monks of Iona baptized the children and raised them in the Celtic Christian faith. For all of Edwin's reign Oswald remained in Exile. Cadwallon ap Cadfan, the Christian king of Gwynedd, along with the pagan Penda of Mercia, attacked Northumbria in 632. In 633 the two invading armies met Edwin at the Battle of Hatfield Chase. Edwin was killed and his army was destroyed. For the next year Cadwallon destroyed everything he could in Northumbria. At the same time Oswald was gathering a small army among the Scots and Picts.
He attacked Cadwallon's larger army at a place called Hefenfelth ("heavenly field"). Cadwallon was killed and his army defeated.

King of Northumbria 

Oswald claimed the crowns of both Bernicia and Deira. By doing this he reunited Northumbria to a single kingdom. Oswald was the first king of Northumbria to come to the throne already a Christian. As one of his first acts Oswald set up what would become the holy island of Lindisfarne. He asked for a bishop to come to Northumbria to convert his people to the Christian faith. They sent Bishop Aidan. Aidan built a monastery and created a Christian colony on the island of Lindisfarne off the coast of Bamburgh. Oswald, at least at first, had to translate for Aidan who did not speak English fluently. Oswald was considered a bretwalda by Bede, the fourth such overlord over the other Anglo-Saxon kings. In 635, Oswald married Cyneburh, the daughter of King Cynegils of Wessex. Oswald also became the godfather of Cynegils when he was baptized . Oswald created several similar alliances in an effort to contain Penda of Mercia. About 638 he won a battle against Owen Map Bili, the king of Strathclyde near Edinburgh. In 640 Oswald tried to recover Lindsey from Penda. The two armies met again in 642 at the Battle of Maserfield (probably in Shropshire). Oswald was killed in the battle. For a year after the battle his head and hands were fastened to stakes. His brother Oswiu finally recovered Oswald's relics. Oswiu succeeded Oswald as king of Northumbria.

Family 

Oswald married Cyneburh of Wessex. Their son, "the only son he possessed on earth", was: 

 Athelwald

Notes

References

Other websites 

 Kings of Northumbria

Anglo-Saxons
600s births
640s deaths
Kings and queens
Don't Turn Around

"Don't Turn Around" is a popular song. It was first sung by Tina Turner in 1986. It was not until 1988, though, when singers Bonnie Tyler and Luther Ingram made their own versions of the song, that it got really popular. The most famous version of the song was by Ace of Base in 1994.

1986 songs
Pop songs
All That She Wants

"All That She Wants" is a hit single from Swedish pop group Ace of Base. It was released in 1992. The song hit #2 in the United States. It also topped the charts in Germany, Australia, United Kingdom and Denmark. The song was very popular in 1993.

The longest version was 7 minutes and 58 seconds long.

1992 songs
Pop songs
The Sign

"The Sign" is a hit song performed by Ace of Base. It was released as a single on 29 October 1993 in Europe. The song hit #2 on the UK Singles Chart. It spent six weeks near #1 in the United States.

A cover version of this song was played on the television series Full House.

Another version of this song lasts six minutes and 49 seconds.

1993 songs
Pop songs
The Woodlands (Philadelphia)

The Woodlands is a National Historic Landmark in the city of Philadelphia in the state of Pennsylvania in the United States. The Schuylkill River goes past The Woodlands. It has a mansion, a building to put a carriage inside (called a "carriage house"), and a garden that became a cemetery in the year 1840. Over 30,000 people are buried in the cemetery.

References

Other websites

National Historic Landmarks of the United States
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Cemeteries in the United States
1770 establishments
1770s establishments in the Thirteen Colonies
18th-century establishments in Pennsylvania
Schuylkill River

The Schuylkill River is a river in the state of Pennsylvania in the United States. It is  long. It used to be called "Tool-pay Hanna" by the Lenape.

References

Rivers of Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania Prison Society

The Pennsylvania Prison Society is a non-profit organization. It in the city of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in the United States. It helps prisoners and their families. It also helps prisoners after they are out of prison. 

It was started in 1787. It used to be called the Philadelphia Society for Alleviating the Miseries of Public Prisons. It was founded by a group of men from Philadelphia. The group of men included Benjamin Franklin, Benjamin Rush, John Swanwick, Tench Coxe, Zachariah Poulson, and William White. William White was the president for a long time.

It now has many small organizations, called "chapters", around Pennsylvania. It has 43 chapters.

References

Non-profit organizations of the United States
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Imprisonment and detention
1787 establishments in the United States
Human rights organizations in the United States
1780s establishments in Pennsylvania
Irene Papas

Irene Papas (born September 3, 1926) is a Greek musician and actress. She played the title character in the 1962 movie Elektra. She also had lots of other movies.

Irene Papas was born in Corinth in Greece. She stopped acting in 2003.

Some sources give 1929 as her real year of birth.

References

Greek singers
Greek actors
1926 births
Living people
(Shake, Shake, Shake) Shake Your Booty

"(Shake, Shake, Shake) Shake Your Booty" is a 1976 hit song from KC and the Sunshine Band. The song was #1 on the Billboard Hot 100 and on the soul singles chart.

The lyrics caused controversy due to their sexual nature.

Chart performance

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

All-time charts

References 

1976 songs
Pop songs
Warren Skorodenski

Warren Skorodenski (born March 22, 1960 in Winnipeg, Manitoba) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey goaltender. Frederick played a total of 35 games in the National Hockey League (NHL) with the Chicago Black Hawks and Edmonton Oilers.

Career
He played for the New Brunswick Hawks, the AHL affiliate of the Black Hawks. During that time, he was able to win the Harry "Hap" Holmes Memorial Award for being the goalie with the lowest goals against average and shared the award with his teammate Bob Janecyk. He was called up by the Black Hawks during the 1981-82 NHL season. He played 1 game and was sent back down to the AHL where he played 4 seasons and 1 season in the CHL with the Birmingham South Stars. During the 1984-85 NHL season, he was called up and played as Murray Bannerman backup. He recorded the league's highest save percentage, at 0.903. In 1987, he signed a contract with the Edmonton Oilers and played 3 games with them. He retired from playing professional ice hockey in 1990.

References

Other websites
 

1960 births
American Hockey League players
Calgary Wranglers players
Canadian ice hockey goaltenders
Chicago Blackhawks players
Edmonton Oilers players
Ice hockey people from Manitoba
Living people
Sportspeople from Winnipeg
Mower Hospital

Mower Hospital was a military hospital in a neighborhood named Chestnut Hill, which is in the city of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It was built in 1862 for soldiers who were in the American Civil War. It was run by the United States Army.

Architect John McArthur, Jr. designed the hospital. It was near the Philadelphia and Reading Railroad so hurt soldiers could be brought to the hospital fast. It was open from January 1863 until May 1865. 

It had room for 40,000 patients. It was shaped so that people would not get sicker or get an infection from other sick and injured people. It had many things for the people who worked there, and for the injured soldiers. People could go to a barber shop and go grocery shopping. It had lights powered with gas and fresh water. 

The hospital does not exist anymore.

References

Hospitals in the United States
Buildings and structures in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
American Civil War
1862 establishments in the United States
1860s establishments in Pennsylvania
Alicia Rhett

Alicia Rhett (February 1, 1915 – January 3, 2014) was an American painter and actress. She appeared in several movies, but was more known for painting portraits. She played India Wilkes in Gone with the Wind.

She was born in Savannah, Georgia. She died at age 98 in Charleston, South Carolina.

References

Other websites

 
 New York Times biography

American movie actors
Actors from Georgia (U.S. state)
Deaths from natural causes
1915 births
2014 deaths
Merchants' Exchange Building (Philadelphia)

The Merchants' Exchange Building is a building in the city of Philadelphia which is in the state of Pennsylvania in the United States. It is in a historical neighborhood called Old City. Architect William Strickland designed the building. It was built starting in the year 1832 and was done in 1834. The Merchants' Exchange Building was the first office building in the city. It used to be a brokerage house.  In 1875, the Philadelphia Stock Exchange moved into the building. 

In the year 2001 it became a National Historic Landmark.

References

National Historic Landmarks of the United States
1834 establishments in the United States
Buildings and structures in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
1830s establishments in Pennsylvania
Saul Zaentz

Saul Zaentz ( (February 28, 1921 – January 3, 2014) was an American movie producer. He also owned a record company. He won the Academy Award for Best Picture three times. In 1996, he was awarded the Irving G. Thalberg Memorial Award.

Zaentz died in San Francisco, California. He was suffering from Alzheimer's disease. He was 92 years old.

References

Other websites
IMDB Profile
The Saul Zaentz Company
Zaentz Media Center official site

1921 births
2014 deaths
Deaths from Alzheimer's disease
Disease-related deaths in San Francisco
Movie producers from New Jersey
People from Passaic, New Jersey
Proxy war

A proxy war, or proxy warfare, is a war in which opposite sides use third parties as substitutes for fighting each other directly. States sometimes use less powerful states as proxies but more often use violent non-state actors, mercenaries, and other third parties, such as during in a civil war. They may give their proxies money, weapons, training, or other help. The hope is  to strike an opponent without a full-scale war, especially one that could involve the nuclear bomb.

The United States and the Soviet Union used many proxies to fight each other during the Cold War. Both sides tried to increase their influence and to decrease the other's influence.

Wars
Wim Kok

Willem "Wim" Kok (September 29, 1938 – October 20, 2018) was a politician and former trade unionist from the Netherlands. He represented the Labour Party (PvdA). He served as Prime Minister of the Netherlands from August 22, 1994 until July 22, 2002.

Kok was born in Bergambacht in South Holland.

Kok died on October 20, 2018 in Amsterdam from heart failure at the age of 80.

References

Other websites

  W. (Wim) Kok (Parlement & Politiek)
  Kabinet-Kok I  (Rijksoverheid)
  Kabinet-Kok II  (Rijksoverheid)
 Dr. W. Kok  (Rijksoverheid)

1938 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from heart failure
Deputy Prime Ministers of the Netherlands
Dutch lobbyists
Dutch trade unionists
Former leaders of political parties in the Netherlands
Former members of the House of Representatives of the Netherlands
Government ministers of the Netherlands
Labour Party (Netherlands) politicians
Politicians from South Holland
Prime Ministers of the Netherlands
Josip Manolić

Josip Manolić (born 22 March 1920) is a Croatian politician. He was the Prime Minister of Croatia from 24 August 1990 to 17 July 1991.

References

1920 births
Living people
European military people
Majors
Military personnel of World War II
Prime Ministers of Croatia
George H. W. Bush vomiting incident

The George H.W. Bush vomiting incident was an incident that occurred on January 8, 1992 at around 8:20 p.m. JST when U.S. President George H.W. Bush fainted after vomiting at a banquet hosted by the then Prime Minister of Japan, Kiichi Miyazawa. Bush vomited on Miyazawa's lap. Bush later made comments to the press that he had a 24 hour flu bug. The incident was widely reported, After the event, many comedians made fun of Bush because of the incident.

References

1992 in the United States
George H. W. Bush
1990s in Japan
1992 in Asia
Harry Whittington

Harry M. Whittington (born March 3, 1927) is an American lawyer and real estate investor. He became famous in the media on February 11, 2006, when he was accidentally shot by Vice President Dick Cheney. Cheney was hunting quail with two women on a ranch in Kenedy County, Texas, near Corpus Christi.

References

Other websites
 Lawyer wins another round in eminent domain case against the city in the Austin American-Statesman, January 28, 2006 
 Last Rights in the Austin Chronicle. October 5, 2001.
 Whittington named committee head in the Austin Business Journal, July 8, 2004.
 Cheney Accidentally Shoots Fellow Hunter, ABC News, February 12, 2006
 Texas Funeral Service Commission employee listing 
 Harry Whittington's campaign contributions  at newsmeat.com

1927 births
Living people
Lawyers from Austin
Businesspeople from Austin, Texas
Dick Cheney hunting incident

The Dick Cheney hunting incident happened on February 11, 2006, when then U.S. Vice President Dick Cheney shot Harry Whittington, a 78-year-old Texas attorney, while participating in a quail hunt on a ranch in Kenedy County, Texas. Both Cheney and Whittington called the incident an accident.

On February 14, 2006, Whittington suffered a non-fatal heart attack and atrial fibrillation due to at least one lead-shot pellet lodged in or near his heart. Cheney did not speak publicly about the incident until February 15 in an interview with Fox News. Early reports indicated that Cheney and Whittington were friends and that the injuries were minor.  Whittington has since told the Washington Post that he and Cheney were not close friends but acquaintances and has not said if Cheney apologized.

References

2006 in the United States
2000s in Texas
Kiichi Miyazawa

was a Japanese politician. Miyazawa was a member of the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP). He was the 78th Prime Minister, serving from 5 November 1991 to 9 August 1993.

Miyazawa died in Tokyo at the age of 87.

References

Other websites

1919 births
2007 deaths
Prime Ministers of Japan
People from Hiroshima Prefecture
University of Tokyo alumni
Mercedes Sosa

Haydée Mercedes Sosa (9 July 1935 – 4 October 2009) was an Argentine singer. She was popular throughout Latin America and many countries outside the continent. Sosa became one of the important examples of nueva canción. She gave voice to songs written by both Brazilians and Cubans. She was best known as the "voice of the voiceless ones".

Sosa suffered from breathing problems in later years. Sosa went into hospital in Buenos Aires on September 18, 2009. She died from multiple organ failure on October 4, 2009. She was aged 74.

References

Other websites

 Tribute to Mercedes Sosa  (in Portuguese BR)
 Mercedes Sosa's website  (in Spanish)
 Mercedes Sosa's News (in Spanish)
 

1935 births
2009 deaths
Deaths from multiple organ failure
Argentine singers
Latin Grammy Award winners
Walk the Line

Walk the Line is an American biographical drama movie based on the life of country singer Johnny Cash. It stars Joaquin Phoenix, Reese Witherspoon, Ginnifer Goodwin and Robert Patrick. It was released on November 18, 2005. It got positive reviews from critics.

Release dates 

2005 movies
20th Century Fox movies
American biographical movies
American drama movies
English-language movies
Johnny Cash
Movies directed by James Mangold
Ginnifer Goodwin

Jennifer Michelle Goodwin (or Ginnifer Goodwin; born May 22, 1978) is an American actress. She played Margene Heffman in the television series Big Love. She also appeared on movies, including Mona Lisa Smile, Something Borrowed, Walk the Line, He's Just Not That Into You and Zootopia.

References

Other websites

 
 
 

1978 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
Actors from Memphis, Tennessee
Robert Patrick

Robert Patrick (born Robert Patrick Hammond Jr.; November 5, 1958) is an American actor. He is known for his roles in Die Hard 2, Terminator 2: Judgment Day, Spy Kids, Walk the Line, Wayne's World, and in Identity Thief. He won a Saturn Award in 2000 for his role in The Sopranos.

Patrick was born in Marietta, Georgia.

References

Other websites

 
 
 Robert Patrick bio  at CBS, The Unit

Saturn Award winners
1958 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
American stage actors
Actors from Georgia (U.S. state)
John Fogerty

John Cameron Fogerty (born May 28, 1945) is an American musician, songwriter and guitarist. He is best known for his time with the roots rock band Creedence Clearwater Revival (CCR), as well as his time as a solo musician.

Fogerty was born in Berkeley, California. The first band he was a part of was called The Golliwogs. He started this band with his brother Tom Fogerty, and Doug Clifford and Stu Cook.

In 1966, Fogerty served a United States Army Reserve unit at Fort Bragg, Fort Knox, and Fort Lee. In July 1967, he was discharged. At that time the band changed its name to Creedence Clearwater Revival. The band broke up in 1972. Since then, Fogerty has had a successful solo career.

He is currently married to Julie Kramer. They have one daughter from Kramer's previous marriage, two sons and a daughter.

References

Other websites
Official website

1945 births
Living people
American rock guitarists
American songwriters
Writers from Berkeley, California
Singers from Berkeley, California
Oliver Glasner

Oliver Glasner (born August 28th, 1974) is an Austrian retired football player. He is now assistant coach of FC Red Bull Salzburg.

Career
Glasner started with SV Riedau, then went on to SV Ried. There he played from 1992 until 2011. In the 2003/04 season, he played for LASK Linz on loan. For SV Ried he played 516 matches and scored 27 goals. He played for Ried in an international match in 2011. He then had to have surgery on his brain, which ended his career.

In 2012 he came to FC Red Bull Salzburg and worked in the managing staff. After the replacement of Ricardo Moniz he became assistance coach to Roger Schmidt.

Honours
Austrian Cup: 1998, 2011 with SV Ried
Lifetime Honorary captain of SV Ried

References

1974 births
Living people
Austrian football managers
Austrian footballers
FC Liefering managers
SV Ried managers
On Denoting

"On Denoting" is an essay by Bertrand Russell from 1905. The essay was published in the philosophy journal Mind in 1905. It was reprinted, in both a special 2005 anniversary issue of the same journal and in Russell's Logic and Knowledge, 1956. The essay is one of the most significant and influential philosophical essays of the 20th century. In it, Russell introduces definite and indefinite descriptions, formulates descriptivism with regard to proper names, and characterises proper names as "disguised" or "abbreviated" definite descriptions.

In the 1920s, Frank P. Ramsey referred to the essay as "that paradigm of philosophy". In the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy entry Descriptions, Peter Ludlow singled the essay out as "the paradigm of philosophy", and called it a work of "tremendous insight"; provoking discussion and debate among philosophers of language and linguists for over a century.

References

 

Works of philosophy
Essays
1905 works
The Chumscrubber

The Chumscrubber is a 2005 movie. It got mostly bad reviews from movie critics. The main character, Dean Stiffle, was played by Jamie Bell. In the movie Dean's best friend Troy commits suicide.

2005 movies
American independent movies
Mutya Buena

Rosa Isabel Mutya Buena (born 21 May 1985) is an English singer and songwriter. She is best known for being a member of the Sugababes.

Early life
Buena was born in Kingsbury, London to a Filipino father and Irish mother.

Career
Buena became famous as a member of girl group Sugababes in 2000. The band released three studio albums with Buena as a member. She left the band in 2005. In 2007 Buena released an album on her own called Real Girl. It reached number ten in the UK Albums Chart. Five songs from the album were released as singles. The album's first single, "Real Girl", reached number two in the UK Singles Chart. "Song 4 Mutya" was released as the second single. In 2008 the record label that released the album dropped Buena because the album did not sell as many copies as they hoped. On 2 January 2009, Buena entered Celebrity Big Brother 6 as a housemate. On 16 January 2009 Buena chose to leave the Big Brother House. In 2010 Buena said that she did not want to be a musician anymore and that she was training to become a child psychologist. In 2011 Buena started a new band called Mutya Keisha Siobhan with Keisha Buchanan and Siobhán Donaghy. They released their first single "Flatline" in 2013.

Personal life
In March 2005 Buena gave birth to a daughter called Tahlia.

Discography

Real Girl (2007)

References

1985 births
Living people
Celebrity Big Brother contestants
English R&B singers
English pop singers
English dance musicians
British soul musicians
People from the London Borough of Brent
Singers from London
Sugababes members
Siobhán Donaghy

Siobhán Emma Donaghy (born 14 June 1984) is an English singer. She was born in London.

Career

Sugababes
In 1998 Donaghy started Sugababes with Mutya Buena and Keisha Buchanan. Their first album One Touch was released by London Records in 2000. In 2001 Donaghy left the group.

Solo career
In May 2003 Donaghy released the single "Nothing but Song" under Shanghai Nobody, an anagram of her name. In 2003 she released her first album on her own, Revolution in Me as Siobhán Donaghy. Her second album Ghosts was released in 2007. It got good reviews from music critics.

In 2011 the Sugababes started again with the name Mutya Keisha Siobhan. In 2013 Sugababes said that they had broken up. They released their first single, "Flatline", in 2013. It reached number 50 in the UK Singles Chart. Their first album is thought to be planned for release in early 2014.

References

1984 births
Living people
Singers from London
Sugababes members
Dr. Seuss' The Lorax

Dr. Seuss' The Lorax is a 2012 American animated movie based on Dr. Seuss' book of the same name. It stars Danny DeVito, Ed Helms, Zac Efron, Taylor Swift, Betty White, Rob Riggle and Jenny Slate. It was released on July 6, 2012. The movie received mixed reviews. It has songs like Let it Grow and How Bad Can I Be.

2012 animated movies
American family movies
American animated movies
American criminal comedy movies
American adventure movies
English-language movies
Movies based on books by Dr. Seuss
Dystopian movies
Geraldine James

Geraldine James (born 6 July 1950) is an English actress. She has acted in television series, such as She's Been Away. She played Portia in a Broadway production of The Merchant of Venice in 1989. More recently, she acted in the movie Diana in 2013.

James was born in Berkshire, England.

References

English television actors
English movie actors
1950 births
Living people
Look Who's Talking Too

The movie Look Who's Talking Too is a comedy and drama movie. It was released December 14, 1990 in the United States. The movie is about childbirth and a couple wanting to be an average family. Kirstie Alley plays Mollie, Roseanne Barr voices Julie, John Travolta plays James and Bruce Willis voices Mikey. The movie received very negative reviews. Its overall box office, however, was moderately strong.

References 

1990 comedy-drama movies
1990 romance movies
1990s romantic comedy movies
1990s romantic drama movies
American comedy-drama movies
American romantic comedy movies
American romantic drama movies
Division of Reid

The Division of Reid is an Australian electoral division in the state of New South Wales. It is named after the Right Honourable Sir George Reid, a former Premier of New South Wales and the fourth Prime Minister of Australia. Ot was set up in 1922.

The division is in the inner-western suburbs of Sydney. It includes Abbotsford, Breakfast Point, Cabarita, Canada Bay, Chiswick, Concord, Concord West, Drummoyne, Five Dock, Homebush, Homebush West, Liberty Grove, Lidcombe, Mortlake, Newington, North Strathfield, Rhodes, Rodd Point, Russell Lea, Silverwater, Sydney Olympic Park, Wareemba, and Wentworth Point; and includes parts of Auburn, Berala, Burwood, Croydon, and Strathfield.

History
In 2009 the Australian Electoral Commission proposed that the division be abolished. The name "Reid" was kept for a division which included most of the old Division of Lowe, with part of the old Division of Reid.

Members

Members for the division have included Jack Lang, a former Premier of New South Wales; Tom Uren, a minister in Whitlam and Hawke governments; and Laurie Ferguson, the son of Jack Ferguson who was a Deputy Premier of New South Wales, and the brother of Martin Ferguson, a former President of the Australian Council of Trade Unions and a minister in the Rudd and Gillard governments.

Election results
 2004 election results
 2007 election results
 2010 election results
 2013 election results

References

Other websites
 Division of Reid – Australian Electoral Commission

Electoral divisions of Australia
New South Wales
1922 establishments in Australia
Benton County, Indiana

Benton County is a county in Indiana. Its county seat is Fowler. About 93% of the land in the county is used for growing crops, mainly corn and soybeans.

Cities 
There are no cities in this county. The largest town, Fowler, in 2010 had a population of 2,317.

Towns 
Ambia
Boswell
Earl Park
Fowler
Otterbein
Oxford

Wind farms 
There are three large wind farms in the county:
 Benton County Wind Farm - 135 turbines
 Fowler Ridge Wind Farm - 460 turbines
 Hoosier Wind Farm - 53 turbines

References 

Indiana counties
1840 establishments in the United States
19th-century establishments in Indiana
Twink Caplan

Twink Caplan (born 25 December 1947) is an American actress. She played Rona in the first two Look Who's Talking movies. She also played Miss Geist in the 1995 movie Clueless.

The actress was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

References

Actors from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
American television actors
American movie actors
1947 births
Living people
Fowler, Indiana

Fowler is a town in Benton County, Indiana, in the United States

References 

Towns in Indiana
County seats in Indiana
Blackford County, Indiana

Blackford County is a county in Indiana. Its county seat is Hartford City.

Cities 
Dunkirk
Hartford City
Montpelier

Towns 
Shamrock Lakes

References 

Indiana counties
1838 establishments in the United States
1830s establishments in Indiana
Boone County, Indiana

Boone County is a county in Indiana. Its county seat is Lebanon.

Cities 
Lebanon

Towns 
Advance
Jamestown
Thorntown
Ulen
Whitestown
Zionsville

References 

Indiana counties
1830 establishments in Indiana
Alex Cross

Alex Cross is an American crime thriller movie. It was released in October 2012. It is about a police detective and psychologist who lives in Detroit with his family. He would like to leave Detroit for Washington, D.C.. But when his wife is killed, Alex goes looking for evidence against the killer.

Tyler Perry plays the title character. Cross was previously played by Morgan Freeman in Kiss the Girls and Along Came a Spider.

The movie critics did not give good reviews for Alex Cross. The movie did not do well at the box office.

References

Other websites 
 

2012 crime movies
2012 thriller movies
2010s crime thriller movies
2010s mystery movies
American crime thriller movies
American mystery movies
American serial killer movies
English-language movies
Movies set in Detroit, Michigan
Lionsgate movies
Cicely Tyson

Cicely Tyson (December 19, 1924 – January 28, 2021) was an American actress. She played Sipsey in the comedic-drama movie Fried Green Tomatoes (1991), and played Mamma Kay in the movie The Haunting in Georgia (2013). She also played Carrie Grace Battle in the television series Sweet Justice.

Tyson was born in New York City. She died on January 28, 2021 in New York City at the age of 96.

Reference

Drama Desk Award winners
Tony Award winning actors
Emmy Award winning actors
Models from New York City
American stage actors
American television actors
American movie actors
Actors from New York City
1924 births
2021 deaths
Suchitra Sen

Suchitra Sen (6 April 1931 – 17 January 2014) was an Indian actress. She appeared in over 100 Bangladeshi movies. She was best known for her roles in Deep Jwele Jaai and Aandhi.

Sen was born near Pabna, Benagal. She was awarded the Padma Shri in 1972. Sen died on January 17, 2014 from a heart attack. She was aged 82. She had been admitted due to an infection.

References

Other websites
 
 A Biography upperstal.com 
 Calcuttaweb article on Suchitra Sen 

1931 births
2014 deaths
Cardiovascular disease deaths in India
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Indian movie actors
People of British India
Nicanor Parra

Nicanor Parra Sandoval (5 September 1914 – 23 January 2018) was a Chilean poet, mathematician and physicist. He was considered to be an influential poet in Latin America and one of the most important poets of Spanish literature. Parra had been nominated several times for a Nobel Prize in Literature.

Parra died on January 23, 2018, at 7:00 am, in La Reina, Chile, at the age of 103.

References

Other websites

Nicanor Parra  Official website
Nicanor Parra website at the Universidad de Chile
Nicanor Parra: De los Antipoemas a los Artefactos Dramáticos – Madrid
La Antipoesía de Parra y el lenguaje del artefacto   UNESCO

1914 births
2018 deaths
Chilean poets
Centenarians
Physicists
Mathematicians
Chilean scientists
Fouad Ajami

Fouad A. Ajami (; September 18, 1945 – June 22, 2014) was an Lebanese-born American professor and writer. He was a senior fellow at Stanford University's Hoover Institution.

He was born in Arnoun, Lebanon. Ajami was an outspoken supporter of the Iraq War. He has also appeared on CNN multiple times.

Ajami died from prostate cancer in Maine, aged 68.

References

Other websites
Fouad Ajami  at Johns Hopkins SAIS
Association for the Study of the Middle East and Africa (ASMEA)

1945 births
2014 deaths
Educators from Oregon
American political writers
Cancer deaths in the United States
Disease-related deaths in Maine
Deaths from prostate cancer
Writers from Oregon
F. Murray Abraham

F. Murray Abraham (born October 24, 1939) is an American actor. He won the Academy Award for Best Actor for his role as Antonio Salieri in Amadeus (1984). He is also known for his roles on The Name of the Rose (1986), Finding Forrester (2000), Inside Llewyn Davis (2013), All the President's Men (1976) and Scarface (1983).

References

Other websites
 
 
 
 
 Yahoo! Movies Biography
 F. Murray Abraham  at IMG Artists

Golden Globe Award winning actors
1939 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American voice actors
Actors from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
American Presbyterians
American television personalities
Best Actor Academy Award winners
People from El Paso, Texas
Carat (mass)

The carat is a unit of mass, which is used for gemstones and pearls. One Carat is equal to 0.2g. The current definition was adopted in 1907  at the Fourth General Conference on Weights and Measures. Officially, the carat can be divided into 100 pointsof 2 milligrams each.

References

Units of mass
Carat (purity)

The carat is a unit of measurement for gold alloys. In that context, one carat gold means that the twenty-fourth part of an alloy is gold, the other parts are made of other metals, generally silver or copper. Pure gold would be soft,  which makes it unusable for many purposes. Alloyed gold is harder than pure gold and so more suitable for applications such as jewellery. An alloy that has 24 carat actually contains 99.9 percent gold, 18 carat gold contains 75 percent gold . Sometimes, a scale  up to 1000 is used; as an example, gold 585 mean there is 58.5 percent gold in the alloy. This means that "Gold 585" actually contains 14 carat.

Units of measurement
Grudge Match

Grudge Match is a sports movie. It was released in December 2013. The movie is about major boxing fights. The fights happen after one of the participants is fired from the local shipyard. Robert De Niro plays Billy "The Kid" McDonnen, Sylvester Stallone plays Henry Sharp and Kim Basinger plays Sally.

The critics did not give good reviews for Grudge Match. Overall box office was not good.

Sports comedy movies
2013 movies
Kaya Scodelario

Kaya Rose Scodelario (born Kaya Rose Humphrey; born 13 March 1992) is an English actress and former model. She plays Teresa in The Maze Runner in 2014. She also played Peshet in the 2010 movie Clash of the Titans.

Scodelario was born in London. She changed her surname to that of her Brazilian mother.

References

Other websites

Actors from London
English movie actors
English television actors
Models from London
1992 births
Living people
Laurel Hill Cemetery

Laurel Hill Cemetery is a cemetery in the city of Philadelphia in Pennsylvania. It is a National Historic Landmark of the National Park Service. It is near the Schuylkill River. It is 3.5 miles north of Philadelphia.

A group of wealthy people from Philadelphia wanted a cemetery outside the city. They found a place for it in Laurel Hill. It used to be owned by a businessman named Joseph Sims. Building of the cemetery started in 1836. It was finished in 1839. The Scottish architect John Notman designed the cemetery. It was his first commission. There is a chapel. It is made in the Gothic architecture style.

Louis Antoine Godey, Sarah Josepha Hale, George G. Meade, John C. Pemberton, and many other famous people, are buried there.

References

Other websites

General View of Laurel Hill Cemetery, ca. 1847
Laurel Hill Cemetery, Philadelphia, 1840

Cemeteries in the United States
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
National Historic Landmarks of the United States
1839 establishments in the United States
1830s establishments in Pennsylvania
Zoey Deutch

Zoey Francis Thompson Deutch (born November 10, 1994) is an American actress. She plays Rose Hathaway in the 2014 movie Vampire Academy: Blood Sisters. She also played Juliet Martin in the television show Ringer. She recently appeared as Stephanie Fleming in Why Him? (2016). She also appeared in the Justin Bieber single Anyone.

Deutch was born in Los Angeles, California. She is the daughter of Lea Thompson.

References

American television actors
American movie actors
Actors from Los Angeles
1994 births
Living people
Great Central Fair

The Great Central Fair was a fair that happened in June 1864. It took place in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It was held to raise funds for the United States Sanitary Commission.

History

The Great Central Fair took place from June 7 until June 28, 1864. It happened in a park called Logan Circle in Philadelphia. Other sanitary fairs took place in Chicago, Cincinnati, and New York City. The people in Philadelphia thought they should do one to raise money for the United States Sanitary Commission.

Two architects named Samuel Honeyman Kneass and William Stickland designed the buildings for the fair. The biggest building was 200,000 square feet in size. Inside, visitors could visit different theme areas. The areas included information about New Jersey, Delaware, sewing, corn, weapons, art and children. There was also a restaurant. 

Abraham Lincoln visited the fair on June 16. He donated 48 copies of his Emancipation Proclamation. They were sold for $10 each. He autographed all of them. The festival raised over $1 million.

References

1864 in the United States
American Civil War
Festivals in the United States
History of Philadelphia
1860s in Pennsylvania
June events
Dawson Creek

Dawson Creek is a city in the Canadian province of British Columbia. Dawson Creek is in the northeastern part of British Columbia. 

The population of Dawson Creek was 11,583 in 2011. The city is named after a creek that runs through. The creek itself is named after George Mercer Dawson by his land survey team when they passed through the area in August 1879.

References

Other websites
Official website

Cities in British Columbia
Queen Charlotte, British Columbia

Queen Charlotte (or Queen Charlotte City) is a village in the Canadian province of British Columbia. It is located in the south end of Graham Island in the Haida Gwaii group of islands. It is on Skidegate Inlet.

The population of Queen Charlotte was 944 in 2011. The town was first established 1908 when the first sawmill in the islands began operating. The villagers worked to help supply Allied war planes with lumber during World War II. Within the year, three general stores, a drug and clothing store, two hotels, a pool hall, a boarding house, a barbershop and the local newspaper started operating in the village. The town gained a stable economy from the quick growth in the timber industry during the Great Depression.

References

Other websites
Official website

Settlements in British Columbia
Bob Vila

Robert Joseph Vila (also Bob Vila; born 20 June 1946) is an American home improvement television host. He hosted This Old House (1979-89), Bob Vila's Home Again (1990 to 2005) and Bob Vila (2005 to 2007). Vila has written ten books.

Vila was born in Miami, Florida.

References

American television personalities
Writers from Florida
1946 births
Living people
Paz Vega

Paz Vega (also Paz Campos Trigo; born January 2, 1976) is a Spanish actress. In the 2009 movie Triage, she played Elena. In the 2004 movie Spanglish she played Flor Moreno.

Paz Vega was born in Seville, Andalusia.

References

Spanish television actors
Spanish movie actors
1976 births
Living people
People from Seville
Janick Gers

Janick Robert Gers (born 27 January 1957 in Hartlepool, England) is an English guitarist. He currently plays for the heavy metal band Iron Maiden where he is one of three guitarist along with Dave Murray and Adrian Smith.

He uses the Fender Stratocaster and the Marshall JMP-1 preamp through a Marshall 9200 power amp.

Career
He first started playing for the New Wave of British Heavy Metal band White Spirit. He then joined the band Gillan which was formed by Deep Purple singer Ian Gillan. When Gillan broke up, Gers joined Gogmagog in 1985. During the recording of the song "Bring Your Daughter... to the Slaughter", he was asked to join Iron Maiden in place of Adrian Smith. Since then, he has remained with the band even when Smith rejoined the band in 1999.

References

1957 births
Living people
English rock guitarists
Iron Maiden
Rachel Blanchard

Rachel Elise Blanchard (born March 19, 1976) is a Canadian actress. She played Hannah in the 2001 movie Sugar & Spice. She also played Maureen in the 2005 erotic movie Where the Truth Lies.

Blanchard was born in Toronto, Ontario.

References

Other websites 

Actors from Toronto
Canadian movie actors
Canadian television actors
1976 births
Living people
Emmanuelle Vaugier

Emmanuelle Vaugier (born 23 June 1976) is a Canadian actress, musician and fashion model. She played Detective Jessica Angell on CSI: NY. She also played Mia on Two and a Half Men. She has also been in some movies.

The actress was born in Vancouver, British Columbia.

Reference

Canadian television actors
Canadian movie actors
1976 births
Living people
People from Vancouver
Kate Mara

Kate Mara (born February 27, 1983) is an American actress. She played Alma Del Mar Jr. in the movie Brokeback Mountain. She also played Jessica Chandler for Random Hearts in 1999. She has also performed on stage. In 2017, she starred as Mary Jo Kopechne in Chappaquiddick. She played Zoe Barnes on House of Cards.

Mara was born in Bedford, New York.

References

American television actors
American movie actors
American stage actors
1983 births
Living people
Actors from New York
Hop

Hop or hops can mean several things:

 Hop, a kind of small jump, usually using only one leg, but can also be on two
 Humulus, a genus of flowering plants
 Hops, the female flower clusters of a species of hop
 Hop, informal word for opium, a type of drug
 Hop (networking), next gateway along a path to a destination host
 Hop (movie), a movie from 2011

Related pages 
 Hip hop
Philadelphia Brigade

The Philadelphia Brigade was a brigade in the Union Army during the American Civil War. It got its name because its soldiers came from the city of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It was part of the Army of the Potomac.

Union Army
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania