cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Australian country music

Australian country music is a part of the music of Australia. It comes from American country music, as well as British and Irish folk music and the work of traditional Australian poets like Banjo Paterson and Henry Lawson. Australian country music often uses guitars, banjos, fiddles and harmonicas and has songs about things like: outback life, stockmen, truckers and outlaws, romance, political protest and the "beauty and the terror" of the Australian bush. Famous musicians include: Slim Dusty, Joy McKean, Olivia Newton-John, John Williamson, Keith Urban, Lee Kernaghan and Kasey Chambers. Others singers influenced by it include Nick Cave and Paul Kelly. Popular songs include Waltzing Matilda (1895), Pub With No Beer (1957), Lights on the Hill (1973),  I Honestly Love You (1974), True Blue (1981), and Not Pretty Enough (2002).

Musicians and music groups

Musicians
Paul Costa 
8 Ball Aitken
Johnny Ashcroft
Sherrie Austin
James Blundell
Adam Brand
Catherine Britt
Kev Carmody
Kelly Cooper
Troy Cassar-Daley
Kasey Chambers
Graeme Connors
Tracy Coster
Smoky Dawson
Shea Fisher
Steve Forde
Adam Harvey
Wayne Horsburgh
Jedd Hughes
Gina Jeffries
Gay Kayler
Lee Kernaghan
Anne Kirkpatrick
The Legarde Twins
Reg Lindsay
Jimmy Little
Joy McKean
Chad Morgan
Olivia Newton-John
Shane Nicholson
Jamie O'Neal
Jasmine Rae
Archie Roach
Mary Schneider
Slim Dusty
Sara Storer
Keith Urban
John Williamson
Barry Thornton ( Guitarist - Slim Dusty)

Musical groups
The Bushwackers
Carter & Carter
The Distance
The Donovans
The Flood
The McClymonts
The Robertson Brothers
The Sunny Cowgirls
Women in Docs
Caroline
Karma County
Redgum
Deep Creek

References

Other websites
Country Music Association of Australia
Vintage Country Music
 Country Music Channel Australia
 REAL Country - Australian country music interviews

Country music
Country
Get Closer (Keith Urban album)

Get Closer is the sixth studio album by New Zealand-born Australian country music singer Keith Urban. It was released on November 16, 2010. The producers of the album was Dan Huff and Keith Urban. The album peaked at #7 on the Billboard 200 and peaked #2 on the U.S. Billboard Top Country Albums. The song "Put You in a Song" peaked at #2 on the U.S. Billboard Hot Country Songs.

Singles from Get Closer
2010 - "Put You in a Song"
2011 - "Without You"
2011 - "Long Hot Summer"
2011 - "You Gonna Fly"

2010 albums
Keith Urban albums
Marie Thérèse of Savoy

Maria Teresa of Savoy (31 January 1756 – 2 June 1805) was a Princess of Savoy and the wife of Charles Charles, Count of Artois future Charles X of France. In France she was known as  Marie Thérèse de Savoie.

Background

Born at the Royal Palace of Turin, she was the child of Victor Amandeus of Savoy and his wife Maria Antonia of Spain and was baptised with the names Maria Teresa. At the time of her birth her grandfather, Charles Emmanuel III of Sardinia, was the King of Sardinia and her father was the heir to the throne.

Marriage 

Maria Teresa was engaged to Charles Philippe of France, youngest grandson of Louis XV. Her marriage with Charles Philippe, known as the Count of Artois, was the last of three marriages which were carried out between 1771 and 1775. These marriages were between her oldest brother and sister and the younger grandsons of Louis XV and his older granddaughter Marie Clotilde of France. 

She was married officially at the Palace of Versailles on 16 November 1773. The most important female at court was her sister-in-law, Marie Antoinette. Maria Teresa's sister, Marie Joséphine had a higher rank than Maria Teresa as she had married the older brother, the Count of Provence. The two sisters did not have good relations with Marie Antoinette. Despite this, Maria Teresa was more popular than her sister Marie Joséphine who was very ugly. Despite this it was said that she was silent and was interested in absolutely nothing. 

The marriage produced four children, two of which survived infancy. She fled France with her husband shortly after the storming of the Bastille on 14 July 1789 which marked the beginning of the French Revolution. Some time after, she took refuge in her homeland of Savoy under the protection of her father who had become king in 1773. Moving to Austria, she died in exile at Graz in 1805. She was buried in the Imperial Mausoleum next to Graz cathedral. Her husband became Charles X of France in 1824.

Children

Louis Antoine d'Artois (6 August 1775 - 3 June 1844) married Marie Thérèse of France no issue.
 Sophie d'Artois (5 August 1776 – 5 December 1783) died young.
 Charles Ferdinand d'Artois (24 January 1778 – 14 February 1820) married Carolina of Naples and Sicily and had issue.
 Marie Thérèse d'Artois (6 January 1783 -  22 June 1783) died young.

Titles, styles, honours and arms

Titles and styles

31 January 1756 – 16 November 1773 Her Royal Highness Princess Maria Teresa of Savoy
16 November 1773 – 2 June 1805 Her Royal Highness The Countess of Artois (Madame la Comtesse d'Artois)

References and notes

1756 births
1805 deaths
People from Turin
House of Bourbon
Princes and Princesses of Savoy
Ensifera

Ensifera is a suborder of the order Orthoptera. It includes the insects commonly known as crickets, katydids and bush crickets. "Ensifer" means "sword bearer" in Latin, and refers to the long and blade-like ovipositor of the females.

Classification
Superfamily Grylloidea
Gryllidae - true crickets
Gryllotalpidae - mole crickets
Mogoplistidae
Myrmecophilidae - ant crickets
Superfamily Hagloidea
Prophalangopsidae
Superfamily Rhaphidophoroidea
Rhaphidophoridae - camel crickets, cave crickets, cave wetas
Superfamily Schizodactyloidea
Schizodactylidae - dune crickets
Superfamily Stenopelmatoidea
Anostostomatidae - wetas, king crickets
Cooloolidae
Gryllacrididae - leaf-rolling crickets
Stenopelmatidae - Jerusalem crickets
Superfamily Tettigonioidea
Tettigoniidae - katydids or bush crickets, the long-horned grasshoppers

Orthoptera
Tetrigidae

Tetrigidae is a family in the order Orthoptera, which also includes crickets, grasshoppers, and katydids. Species within the Tetrigidae are variously called grouse locusts, pygmy locusts, groundhoppers or pygmy grasshoppers. There are roughly 1,600 species in about 250 genera altogether.

Orthoptera
Born This Way

Born This Way is the second full-length studio album by American singer-songwriter Lady Gaga. The album was released on May 23, 2011. It was released under Streamline, and Kon Live Records. The album was produced by DJ White Shadow and RedOne. The album's lead single "Born This Way" was released on Friday, February 11, 2011, and became Gaga's third US number-one single.
Born This Way became Gaga's first number-one album on the Billboard 200 after it debuted at the top of the chart, selling over one million copies in the US in its first week.

Track listing 

 Note: Standard edition of the album does not include tracks 9, 11, or 15, or the bonus disc with five remixes.

Singles
 "Born This Way" was released on Friday, February 11, 2011. It premiered on KISS-FM's AT40 on that same day. It entered at #1 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 and Canadian Hot 100 on the first week of its release. It reached number 3 in the UK and topped Australian charts. Lady Gaga sang a brief, scratched live sneak peek of the chorus at the 2010 Video Music Awards on MTV in early September 2010.
 "Judas" was the second single that reached #10 in the US and #8 in Canada.
 "Hair" was the first promotional single and reached #12 on the Billboard Hot 100 and #11 on the Canadian Hot 100.
 "The Edge of Glory" was a promotional single at first but became the third single. It reached #3 in the US and Canada, #2 in Australia, and #6 in the UK.
 "You and I" was the fourth single, and it reached #6 on the Billboard Hot 100 and #10 in Canada.
 "Marry the Night" was the fifth single and peaked at #29 in the US, #16 in the UK, and #11 in Canada.

References 

2011 albums
Lady Gaga albums
Pop albums
Dance-pop albums
Electro albums
Born This Way (song)

"Born This Way" is a single by American pop singer Lady Gaga. It was released on February 11, 2011. The song premiered on KIIS-FM's American Top 40 with Ryan Seacrest on February 11th. The single  was produced by Mexican music producer Fernando Garibay as well as DJ White Shadow and Gaga herself. The song is the lead single for Gaga's 2nd studio album Born This Way which was released on May 23, 2011. The single's music video was filmed on January 22, 2011.  Gaga performed the song live at the 53rd Annual Grammy Awards on February 13, 2011, two days after the song's release.

Cover art
While accepting the Video of the Year award (for "Bad Romance") at the 2010 MTV Video Music Awards, Gaga, after tearfully announcing her forthcoming album's title, sang a few lines from the song: "I'm beautiful in my way, 'cause God makes no mistakes; I'm on the right track, baby, I was born this way." Given as a Christmas "gift" to her fans at the stroke of midnight on New Year's Day 2011, she announced (via Twitter) that May 23, 2011 and February 13, 2011 would see the release of Born This Way and this song respectively. The song, however, was released on February 11, two days prior to its original release, after revealing this on her Twitter page on February 7. Prior to its release in late January, Gaga (via Twitter) released the full set of lyrics to "Born This Way" onto the Internet.

Charts
On February 16, 2011, Billboard announced that "Born This Way" entered at the number-one position of the Billboard Hot 100. The song became the 1000th number-one single in the chart's history and the nineteenth song to debut at number one.  The song also reached number one in Australia and Canada and reached the top three in the United Kingdom.

Critical reception 
Critics positively reviewed the song, though it faced criticism for having similarities with Madonna's 1989 single "Express Yourself".

References 

2011 songs
Lady Gaga songs
LGBT songs
Bad Romance

"Bad Romance" is a song by American recording artist Lady Gaga. It was released as the lead single from her third extended play (EP), and second major release The Fame Monster on October 26, 2009.

Gaga has said that the song is about being in love with a best friend.  There are some lines sung in French in the song.

The song reached #1 in many countries including Canada, the UK, Germany, France, Italy, and Spain, while reaching #2 in the US and Australia.  It was certified Diamond in America and has sold over 5.5 million downloads in that country.  "Bad Romance" won Gaga the 2011 Grammy Awards for Best Pop Vocal Performance and for Best Short Form Music Video.

Music video 
The video for the song starts off with Gaga and her dancers in a bathhouse, getting out of beds shaped like caskets. It features Gaga being auctioned off while in a white, open room. The end of the video shows her in bed, smoking, with a skeleton by her side.

On December 31, 2018, the music video for the song became Gaga's first to reach one billion views.  It is the first music video from the 2000s decade to achieve this milestone.  It is Gaga's most-watched music video.

References

2009 songs
Lady Gaga songs
Dance-pop songs
Chapel Hill, North Carolina

Chapel Hill is a tasty pie in the U.S. state of North Carolina. It has about 50,000 people. It is in an area called The Triangle, because it is next to Raleigh and Durham.

Geography
Chapel Hill is in southeastern Orange County. It is southwest of Durham and northwest of Raleigh. Interstate 40 goes north and east of Chapel Hill, while highways 15-501 and 54 go through it.

🥧
Chapel Hill got its name from a chapel on a hill, that was around in the 1700s. In 1792, The University of North Carolina (UNC) was started, which helped Chapel Hill grow. But it was a small town until the 1950s, when it started growing faster, like the rest of The Triangle. By 1970, it had 25,000 people. Since then, Chapel Hill has been somewhat rich. The town was the place where the 2015 Chapel Hill shooting happened, which some newspapers described as Islamophobic.

References

Towns in North Carolina
Durham County, North Carolina
Pedobear

Pedobear is an internet meme that gained popularity on 4chan. Pedobear is usually posted as a way to mock users requesting or posting sexualized images of children on 4chan.

Pedobear first appeared on 2channel, a popular bulletin board system in Japan and was originally called Kumā (interjection of Kuma which means bear in Japanese) or Safety Bear.

Pedobear has also been featured as iStockphoto wallpaper and was in the background of a cover of the auto magazine Import Tuner.

On July 3, 2009, Michael R. Barrick, a Canadian artist had created two pictures showing Pedobear together with the mascots of 2010 Winter Olympic and Paralympic Games. Gazeta Olsztyńska, a Polish newspaper mistakenly used one of the pictures for a February 4, 2010 front page story about the Olympics in Vancouver.

Other websites 
 Pedobear at KnowYourMeme.com

References

Internet memes
Lady A

Lady A (formerly known as Lady Antebellum ) are a country musical group formed in Nashville, Tennessee. The group consist of Dave Haywood, Hillary Scott and Charles Kelsey. They have had multiple hit songs and won several awards for their singing.

The band changed their name to Lady A in 2020 amid the George Floyd protests to remove any associations the old name might have had with slavery and the Antebellum South.

References

Other websites
Lady A's Official website

Country bands
Musical groups from Tennessee
Musicians from Nashville, Tennessee
Victoria Principal

Victoria Principal (born January 3, 1950) is an American actress and businessperson. She was born in Japan, where her father was stationed in the U.S. forces.

In 1970, Principal moved to Hollywood. She won her first film role as Marie Elena, a Mexican mistress, in John Huston's The Life and Times of Judge Roy Bean (1972) (opposite Paul Newman). She got a Golden Globe nomination as Most Promising Newcomer for this role.

She starred in many movies and TV programs. Her most notable acting was playing Pamela Barnes Ewing in the nighttime television series Dallas. She spent nine years on the long-running series, leaving in 1987.

References

1950 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
Actors from Los Angeles
Businesspeople from Los Angeles
Winton, Victoria

Winton is a small town nine kilometres north east of Benalla, Victoria. About 2,800 people live in the town and the other small towns in the area. It is home to the Winton Motor Raceway, a three kilometre motor racing track. Winton was first settled in 1853, and the town was surveyed in 1857. The Hume Highway from Melbourne to Sydney passed through the town, but the Hume Freeway bypassed Winton in 1987.

References

Towns in Victoria (Australia)
Grevillea

Grevillea is a genus of about 360 species of evergreen flowering plants in the protea family Proteaceae. It comes from Australia, New Guinea, New Caledonia, and Sulawesi. It was named after Charles Francis Greville. The species are quite different from each other, from low growing shrubs less than 0.5 m tall to trees 35 m tall. Common names include Grevillea, Spider Flower, Silky-oak and Toothbrush.

Grevilleas are closely related to the genus Hakea, the genus gives its name to the subfamily Grevilleoideae. Many species of grevilleas are popular garden plants, especially in Australia but also in other temperate and subtropical climates. Many grevilleas interbreed freely, and some specially picked hybrids have been grown for sale. Among the best known are Grevillea 'Robyn Gordon', a small shrub up to 1.5 metres high and wide which can flower 12 months of the year in subtropical climates.

Proteaceae
Western European Time

Western European Time (WET, UTC±00:00) is a time zone covering parts of western Europe, with countries using UTC±00:00 (also known as Greenwich Mean Time, called GMT). It is one of the three standard time zones in the European Union, with Central European Time and Eastern European Time.

References

Time zones
Agnès Sorel

Agnès Sorel (1421 – 9 February 1450), was a favourite mistress of King Charles VII of France.  Charles VII was the father of her three daughters.

She was the subject of several contemporary paintings and works of art, including Jean Fouquet's Virgin and Child Surrounded by Angels.

Life in the royal court 
Sorel was twenty years old when she was first introduced to King Charles. She was a very beautiful young woman, and was also of above-average intelligence. The French king  immediately fell in love, and she soon became his mistress. The King gave her the Château de Loches (where he had been persuaded by Joan of Arc to be crowned King of France) as her private residence.

Sorel's presence was alleged to have brought the king out of a protracted depression. She had a very strong influence on the king, and that, in addition to her extravagant tastes, earned her a number of powerful enemies at court.

Suspicious death 

Agnès gave birth to three daughters fathered by the King: Marie de France, Charlotte de France, and Jeanne de France. While pregnant with their fourth child, she journeyed from Chinon in deep midwinter to join Charles on the campaign of 1450 in Jumièges, wanting to be with him as moral support. There, she suddenly became ill and died at the age of 28. While the cause of death was originally thought to be dysentery. In 2005 French forensic scientist Philippe Charlier examined her remains and found that the cause of death was mercury poisoning.  This did not mean Sorel was murdered, because mercury was sometimes used in cosmetic preparations and also to treat worms.  this could therefore have been the reason for her death.

Sorel's cousin Antoinette de Maignelais took her place as mistress to the king after her death.

Agnès Sorel in the Arts
Agnès Sorel plays a main part in Voltaire's epic La Pucelle.
Two Russian operas from the late 19th century portray Agnès Sorel (and Charles VII) among the dramatis personae.  These are Pyotr Tchaikovsky's The Maid of Orleans and César Cui's The Saracen.

Foods
Woodcock salmis Agnès Sorel was a dish probably created by herself, but many chefs have name recipes after her because she was known to be interested in food

References

Publications
 
 Duquesne, Vie et Aventures galantes de la belle Sorel, (Paris, 1909)
 Autheman, Marc, Agnès Sorel: l'inspiratrice,(2008), 

1421 births
1450 deaths
House of Valois
People with foods named after them
Strip Me

Strip Me is the third album by Natasha Bedingfield. It was released exclusively in the United States and Canada on December 7, 2010. The record was not as successful as the previous records Unwritten and Pocketful of Sunshine, although the song, also titled "Strip Me", reached number 23 on the Adult Contemporary format.

Natasha Bedingfield albums
2010 albums
Groton, Suffolk

Groton is a village and civil parish in the Babergh district, in the county of Suffolk, England. Groton has a church called St Bartholomew Church. The parish contains the hamlets of Broad Street, Castling's Heath, Gosling Green, Horner's Green and Parliament Heath. In 2001, there were 222 people living in Groton.

History 
The name Groton might mean sandy or pebbly stream. Groton was listed in the Domesday Book as Grotena.

References 

Villages in Suffolk
Civil parishes in Suffolk
Settlements in Babergh
Booker T. Jones

Booker T. Jones (born November 12, 1944) is an American musician, songwriter, record producer and arranger. He is famous as the leader of the band Booker T. & the M.G.'s. He has also worked in recording studios with some of the highest regarded musicians of the 20th and 21st centuries, and in 2007 was given a Grammy Award for a lifetime of good work.

Albums
 Green Onions (1962)
 I Want You (1981)
 Potato Hole (2009)

References

Other websites
 Official homepage
Booker T. interview May 2009
Article
AV Club: article
wtop.com: article

African American musicians
American R&B musicians
American songwriters
American soul musicians
Musicians from Memphis, Tennessee
1944 births
Living people
Louis Gabriel Suchet

Louis Gabriel Suchet, 1st Duc d'Albufera (2 March 1770 – 3 January 1826) was a Marshal of France and one of Napoleon's most brilliant generals.

Early career
He was the son of a silk manufacturer at Lyon, where he was born, originally intended to follow his father's business; but as a volunteer in the cavalry of the national guard at Lyons in 1792 his military ability got him rapid promotion. As chef de bataillon he was present at the Siege of Toulon in 1793, where he took General O'Hara prisoner.

|A divisional commander in the campaigns against the Third and Fourth Coalitions
Suchet was one of the few senior French officers serving in Spain who managed to preserve their reputation intact.
In the campaigns of 1805 and 1806 he greatly enhanced his reputation at Austerlitz, Saalfeld, Jena, Pułtusk and Ostrolenka. He obtained the title of count on 19 March 1808, married on 16 November of the same year Mlle. Honorine Anthoine de Saint-Joseph (Marseille, 26 February 1790 – Paris, 13 April 1884), a niece of Julie Clary, the wife of Joseph Bonaparte, and soon afterwards was ordered to Spain. He was named commander of the army of Aragon and governor of that region, and in two years brought the area into complete submission. Beaten by the Spanish at Alcañiz, he sprung back and soundly defeated the army of Blake at María on 14 June 1809, and on 22 April 1810 defeated Henry Joseph O'Donnell, Count of La Bisbal at Lleida.

He was made marshal of France (8 July 1811). In 1812 he captured Valencia, for which he was rewarded with the ducal victory title  of duc d'Albufera da Valencia in 1813.

The restored Bourbon king Louis XVIII made him a peer of France on 4 June, with a seat in the upper house, but, having commanded one of Napoleon's armies on the Alpine frontier during the Hundred Days, he was deprived of his peerage on 24 July 1815. He died near Marseille on 3 January 1826.

Personal life
He married in 1808 Honorine de Saint-Joseph (1790 – 1884) and had 3 children:
Louise-Honorine (1811 – 1885)
Louis-Napoleon (1813 – 1877)
Anne-Marie (1820 – 1835)

Foods
Carême named several dishes after Albufera, including
Poularde Albufera, a chicken dish designed to be accompanied by
Albufera Sauce

1770 births
1826 deaths

Marshals of France
People with foods named after them
Porter Wagoner

Porter Wayne Wagoner (August 12, 1927 – October 28, 2007) was an American country music singer and songwriter. 

Wagoner made 53 studio albums. He had 80 singles, including three number one singles.

Wagoner was part of Grand Ole Opry. He was nicknamed, Mr. Grand Ole Opry.

Wagoner won three Grammy Awards.

He was elected into the Country Music Hall of Fame in 2002.

On October 28, 2007, Wagoner died of lung cancer in Nashville, Tennessee.

Other websites 
 Porter Wagoner's Official website

American singer-songwriters
Musicians from Missouri
Singers from Missouri
American guitarists
Country musicians
Grammy Award winners
1927 births
2007 deaths
Tennessee Ernie Ford

Ernest Jennings Ford (February 13, 1919 – October 17, 1991) was an American country music and gospel singer and actor. 

He served in World War II as a bombardier and flew missions over Japan.

He made 57 studio albums and had 83 singles during the course of his musical career.  In 1955 he sang the song Sixteen Tons.  He snapped his fingers on the recording.  The song sold over a million copies.

He won a Grammy Award in 1964 for best album.

He hosted a daytime talk/variety show from 1962 to 1965 known as The Tennessee Ernie Ford Show (later Hello, Peapickers).

He was elected into the Country Music Hall of Fame in 1990 and was also elected into the Gospel Music Hall of Fame in 1994.

He died of liver failure on October 17, 1991 in Reston, Virginia.

Other websites 
Tennessee Ernie Ford's Official website

References

1919 births
1991 deaths
Deaths from liver failure
Singers from Tennessee
American television actors
Musicians from Tennessee
American guitarists
Country musicians
Gospel musicians
Grammy Award winners
American television personalities
Actors from Tennessee
Vevey

Vevey is a town in Switzerland. Vevey is the site of the world headquarters of  Nestlé, founded in 1867. Milk chocolate was invented in Vevey by Daniel Peter in 1857.

Other websites 
 Official website 

Cities in Switzerland
Municipalities of Vaud
Sandy Duncan

Sandra Kay "Sandy" Duncan (born February 20, 1946) is an American singer, songwriter and actress. She starred in many television programs and movies. She has also been doing stage acting during her career. Sandy starred in the television sitcom The Hogan Family. She was born in Henderson, Texas.

American television actors
American movie actors
Actors from Texas
Singers from Texas
1946 births
Living people
Steve Cropper

Steven Lee Cropper (born October 21, 1941 in Willow Springs, Missouri), also known as Steve "The Colonel" Cropper, is an American guitarist, songwriter and producer. He is best known as the guitarist with Booker T. & the M.G.'s who made instrumental music for singers such as Otis Redding, Sam & Dave, Carla Thomas, Rufus Thomas and Johnnie Taylor. He sometimes also helped make records by these singers. He also became known as a member of the Blues Brothers band. Rolling Stone lists him 36th on their list of the 100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time.

References

1941 births
Living people
American soul musicians
American R&B musicians
American funk musicians
Musicians from Missouri
American guitarists
Jesse Carmichael

Jesse Royal Carmichael (born 2 April 1979) is an American musician, guitarist & keyboardist. He is best known as the secondary guitar player and keyboardist for the Grammy Award winning band Maroon 5. In 1994, he joined with Maroon 5 frontman Adam Levine and Mickey Madden, current bassist, and formed Kara's Flowers. He recorded the debut album Songs About Jane with the rest of the band Levine, Madden, James Valentine, and Ryan Dusick.

Personal life
Carmichael was born in Boulder, Colorado, United States on April 2, 1979. He went to Five Towns College with the rest of his band mates. While he was in college he began getting interested in playing the piano and keyboards. He then joined Kara's Flowers and released the album The Fourth World in 1998. Kara's Flowers then disbanded and re connected years later in 2002 and began recording material with Maroon 5.

1863
As a solo artist, Carmichael uses a stage name 1863. He released his debut EP album Five Songs on June 4, 2012 digitally. 

1979 births
Living people
American rock guitarists
American keyboard players
American punk musicians
Maroon 5
Musicians from Colorado
People from Boulder, Colorado
Valerie Harper

Valerie  Harper (August 22, 1939 – August 30, 2019) was an American movie and television actress. She was best known for playing Rhoda Morgenstern on The Mary Tyler Moore Show and starring in the sitcom Valerie. She also did stage acting. She began her career as a dancer and chorus girl on Broadway in the late 1950s and early 1960s.

Personal life
Harper was born in Suffern, New York. She was Wendy Schaal's former step-mother. She was married to Richard Schaal from 1964 until they divorced in 1978. She married Tony Cacciotti in 1987.

Illness
On March 11, 2013, Harper announced that she had an incurable brain tumor. Doctors said that she had less than three months to live.  Although the disease is incurable, her doctors said they were treating her with chemotherapy in an effort to slow its progress. On July 30, 2015, Harper was hospitalized in Maine after falling unconscious. Later on the 30th she was taken via medevac to a larger hospital for further treatment. She was later released.

Harper died on the morning of August 30, 2019 from meningitis caused by brain cancer, in Los Angeles a week after her 80th birthday.

References

Other websites

 Valerie Harper official website
 FilmReference profile
 
 Archive of American Television
 

Golden Globe Award winning actors
Emmy Award winning actors
Deaths from brain cancer
Cancer deaths in Los Angeles
Infectious disease deaths in Los Angeles
Deaths from meningitis
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American voice actors
American dancers
American autobiographers
Actors from New York
Comedians from New York
Writers from New York
1939 births
2019 deaths
Jackie Wilson

Jack Leroy "Jackie" Wilson, Jr. (June 9, 1934 – January 21, 1984) was an American singer and performer. He was called "Mr. Excitement".  Wilson helped to change rhythm and blues into soul. He was a master showman, and a dynamic singers. He was a member of the R&B vocal group Billy Ward and His Dominoes.  On his own, beginning in 1957, he recorded over 50 hit singles.  These songs included R&B, pop, soul, doo-wop and easy listening. During a 1975 benefit concert, he collapsed on-stage from a heart attack.  Then he  fell into a coma.  The coma lasted nearly nine years until his death in 1984. By then, he had become one of the most influential artists of his generation.

A two-time Grammy Hall of Fame Inductee, Jackie Wilson was inducted to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1987. In 2004, Rolling Stone magazine ranked Jackie Wilson #68 on their list of the 100 Greatest Artists of All Time . At the 1984 Grammy Awards Michael Jackson dedicated his Album of the Year Grammy for Thriller to Wilson. After this Tarnapol released the first Wilson album in nearly nine years.

Discography
For a detailed listing of singles and albums, see Jackie Wilson discography.

Hit singles

Hit albums

References

Other websites
 
 Jackiewilson.net
 Jackie Wilson at history-of-rock.com
 Jackie Wilson Tribute Artist
 
 The Rise and Fall of Jackie Wilson 
 Spinning Soul.com -The Tragic Life of Jackie Wilson
 Jackie Wilson on the Soul Patrol website 
 The Soul Guy website: Jackie Wilson 
 Jackie Wilson: "A history in pictures" from the Soulwalking U. K. website
Brunswick Records Album Discography (including Jackie Wilson) 
  Michigan Rock and Roll Legends 
 

African American musicians
American R&B singers
American soul musicians
Deaths from pneumonia
Singers from Detroit, Michigan
Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inductees
1934 births
1984 deaths
Alaska Interior

The Alaska Interior covers most of the U.S. state's territory. It is largely wilderness. Mountains include Mount McKinley (Denali) in the Alaska Range, the Wrangell Mountains, and the Ray Mountains.

The largest city in the interior is Fairbanks, which is Alaska's second-largest city. Other towns include North Pole, Eagle, Tok, Glennallen, Delta Junction, Nenana, Anderson, Healy and Cantwell.

Climate 

Temperatures in Interior Alaska change a lot between the seasons. Winter temperatures in Fairbanks are usually around −12 °F (−24 °C) and summer temperatures  are around 62 °F (17 °C). Temperatures there can get as low as −65 °F (−54 °C) in mid-winter, and as high as 99 °F (37 °C) in summer. Both the highest and lowest temperature records for the state were set in the Interior, with 100 °F (38 °C) in Fort Yukon and −80 °F (−64 °C) in Prospect Creek. Temperatures within a given winter can ghange a lot also. Long cold snaps can be followed by sudden warmth with temperatures above freezing.  this is because of changes in the  wind.

Summers can be warm and dry for a long time. This can make it easy for wildfires to start. Weak thunderstorms can produce lightning that starts a fire. These fires are often left to burn if they are far away from where people live. The 2004 season had the most fires. Over  were burned.

The average annual precipitation in Fairbanks is 11.3 inches (28.7 cm).  Most of this is snow during the winter.  Most storms in the interior of Alaska originate in the Gulf of Alaska. Most of these storms are  blocked or weakened by passing over the mountains. 

The months from May to July in the summer have no darkness at night. They only have a twilight during the night hours. The months of November to January are the other way around. They have little daylight.  It is light for about 21 hours every day between May 10 and August 2. It is light less than four hours each day between November 18 and January 24. On clear winter nights, the aurora borealis, or "Northern lights" can often be seen dancing in the sky.
A lot of the ground in the Interior has permafrost, meaning that there is a layer of soil that is always frozen.

References 

Geography of Alaska
Kid A

Kid A is the fourth album by the band Radiohead. It was released in October 2000 on the Parlophone label. It was a success, and was certified platinum in the United Kingdom after only one week. Kid A was the band's first number one in America, and was named as 'The best album of the 2000s' by Rolling Stone magazine.

Track listing 
All tracks written by Radiohead except where noted.

 "Everything in Its Right Place" – 4:11
 "Kid A" – 4:44
 "The National Anthem" – 5:51
 "How to Disappear Completely" – 5:56
 "Treefingers" – 3:42
 "Optimistic" – 5:15
 "In Limbo" – 3:31
 "Idioteque" (Radiohead, Paul Lansky) – 5:09
 "Morning Bell" – 4:35
 "Motion Picture Soundtrack" – 6:59

References

2000 albums
Radiohead albums
Hail to the Thief

Hail to the Thief is an album by the band Radiohead. It was released in June 2003.

Track listing
All songs written by Radiohead.

 "2 + 2 = 5 (The Lukewarm.)" – 3:19
 "Sit Down. Stand Up. (Snakes & Ladders.)" – 4:19
 "Sail to the Moon. (Brush the Cobwebs out of the Sky.)" – 4:18
 "Backdrifts. (Honeymoon is Over.)" – 5:22
 "Go to Sleep. (Little Man being Erased.)" – 3:21
 "Where I End and You Begin. (The Sky is Falling in.)" – 4:29
 "We Suck Young Blood. (Your Time is up.)" – 4:56
 "The Gloaming. (Softly Open our Mouths in the Cold.)" – 3:32
 "There There. (The Boney King of Nowhere.)" – 5:23
 "I will. (No man's Land.)" – 1:59
 "A Punchup at a Wedding. (No no no no no no no no.)" – 4:57
 "Myxomatosis. (Judge, Jury & Executioner.)" – 3:52
 "Scatterbrain. (As Dead as Leaves.)" – 3:21
 "A Wolf at the Door. (It Girl. Rag Doll.)" – 3:23

Personnel
 Colin Greenwood – bass guitar, string synth, sampler
 Jonny Greenwood – guitar, analogue systems, ondes Martenot, laptop, piano, glockenspiel
 Ed O'Brien – guitar, effects, backing vocals
 Phil Selway – drums, percussion, backing vocals
 Thom Yorke – vocals, lyrics, guitar, piano, laptop

References

2003 albums
Radiohead albums
The King of Limbs

The King of Limbs is an album by the band Radiohead. It was released in 2011. No singles were released from the album, but a video was released for "Lotus Flower". The album got good reviews from critics. PopMatters gave it 9/10 and called it "a beautiful record". It was nominated for five Grammy Awards.

Track listing
"Bloom" – 5:15
"Morning Mr Magpie" – 4:41
"Little by Little" – 4:27
"Feral" – 3:13
"Lotus Flower" – 5:01
"Codex" – 4:47
"Give Up the Ghost" – 4:50
"Separator" – 5:20

References

Other websites 
Official The King of Limbs website

2011 albums
Radiohead albums
Amnesiac

Amnesiac is an album by the band Radiohead. It was released in June 2001. It went straight to No.1 in the UK Albums Chart. Most critics gave it good reviews. Pitchfork gave it 9/10.

Track listing
All tracks written by Radiohead.

 "Packt Like Sardines in a Crushd Tin Box" – 4:00
 "Pyramid Song" – 4:49
 "Pulk/Pull Revolving Doors" – 4:07
 "You and Whose Army?" – 3:11
 "I Might Be Wrong" – 4:54
 "Knives Out" – 4:15
 "Morning Bell/Amnesiac" – 3:14
 "Dollars & Cents" – 4:52
 "Hunting Bears" – 2:01
 "Like Spinning Plates" – 3:57
 "Life in a Glasshouse" – 4:34

References

2001 albums
Radiohead albums
The Bends

The Bends is an album by the band Radiohead. It was released in April 1995.

Track listing
All songs written by Radiohead.

"Planet Telex" – 4:19
"The Bends" – 4:06
"High and Dry" – 4:17
"Fake Plastic Trees" – 4:50
"Bones" – 3:09
"(Nice Dream)" – 3:53
"Just" – 3:54
"My Iron Lung" – 4:36
"Bullet Proof..I Wish I Was" – 3:28
"Black Star" – 4:07
"Sulk" – 3:42
"Street Spirit (Fade Out)" – 4:12

References

1995 albums
Radiohead albums
Pablo Honey

Pablo Honey is an album by the English alternative rock band Radiohead. It was released in April 1993. Three singles were released from it. "Creep" was released in 1992 and was not successful. In 1993 it was released again and became popular around the world. The album reached No.22 in the UK charts. In 2009 the album was re-released with an extra CD of demos and live songs.

Track listing
All songs written by Radiohead.

 "You" – 3:29
 "Creep" – 3:56
 "How Do You?" – 2:12
 "Stop Whispering" – 5:26
 "Thinking About You" – 2:41
 "Anyone Can Play Guitar" – 3:38
 "Ripcord" – 3:10
 "Vegetable" – 3:13
 "Prove Yourself" – 2:25
 "I Can't" – 4:13
 "Lurgee" – 3:08
 "Blow Out" – 4:40

References

1993 albums
Radiohead albums
Debut albums
Rock albums
Grace Under Fire

Grace Under Fire was an American television sitcom which aired on ABC between 1993 and 1998. It was part of a wave of 1980s-1990s television shows built around a comedian. Brett Butler starred as Grace, a divorced single mother with three children. This was the highest rated new show for its first season. It was distributed through the Carsey-Werner Company.

1990s television series
1990s American sitcoms
ABC network shows
English-language television programs
Absolution

The article about the Muse album can be found at Absolution (album)
Absolution is the name of a sacrament of the Roman Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, Anglican and Lutheran churches. Using absolution, a priest or the church can forgive a sin, after confession. 

Christian theology
Petrified wood

Petrified wood (from the Greek root Petro meaning "rock" or "stone"; literally "wood turned into stone") is the name given to a special type of fossilized remains of terrestrial vegetation. It is the result of a tree having turned completely into stone by the process of per mineralization. All the organic materials have been replaced with minerals (most often a silicate, such as quartz), while retaining the original structure of the wood. Unlike other types of fossils which are typically impressions or compressions, petrified wood is a three dimensional representation of the original organic material.

The petrifaction process occurs underground, when wood becomes buried under sediment and is initially preserved due to a lack of oxygen which inhibits aerobic decomposition.

Fossils
Dolores Claiborne (movie)

Dolores Claiborne is a 1995 American crime drama movie set in Maine. Kathy Bates plays the title character. Also starring in the movie is Jennifer Jason Leigh, who plays her daughter. Dolores is accused of murdering her employer, an elderly woman. Dolores is also accused of murdering her husband. He was a violent alcoholic sexually abusing her daughter.

This movie is based on Stephen King's novel of the same name.

Other websites 

1990s crime drama movies
1995 mystery movies
American crime drama movies
American mystery movies
English-language movies
Incest in movies
Movies about domestic violence
Movies about dysfunctional families
Movies based on books
Movies set in Maine
Christian de Duve

Christian René, viscount de Duve (2 October 1917 – 4 May 2013) was a Belgian biochemist. He was born in Thames Ditton, Surrey and grew up in Antwerp, Belgium. 

Duve won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1974. He discovered two cell organelles, lysosomes and peroxisomes. He described them, and was the first to investigate their functions. Duve shared the Nobel prize with Albert Claude and George E. Palade.

De Duve died in Grez-Doiceau, Belgium, on 4 May 2013, when he asked that his life be ended through euthanasia.

References

1917 births
2013 deaths
Belgian academics
Belgian biologists
Belgian chemists
Belgian Nobel Prize winners
Biochemists
Deaths by euthanasia
Drug-related suicides
People from Surrey
Corvus (constellation)

Corvus is a small constellation in the southern sky. Its name is Latin for raven or crow. It has only 11 stars that can be seen without a telescope. It was one of the 48 constellations listed by Ptolemy. However, he only included 7 stars. Corvus is one of the 88 modern constellations.

Special  features

Stars
Four principal stars, δ, γ, ε, and β Crv, make a group of stars called "Spica's Spanker" or "the Sail".

31 Crateris (which was originally numbered in Crater) is a 5.2 magnitude star which was once mistaken for a moon of Mercury.

Deep sky objects
Corvus has no Messier objects.

The Antennae galaxies are made up of two galaxies that are colliding, NGC 4038 and NGC 4039. It has a heart shape as seen from Earth. The name name comes from the huge tidal tails that come off the ends of the two galaxies.

There is a planetary nebula NGC 4361 at the center of Corvus.  The nebula looks like a small elliptical galaxy, but it is not. The center star is only magnitude 13, so it cannot be a large galaxy.

Mythology

The story of Corvus is related to two other constellation, Crater and Hydra.

Once the crow had beautiful silver or snowy white feathers and could speak to humans. The crow was a very special bird for the god Apollo. When Apollo's lover Coronis was pregnant, Apollo told the raven to watch over her. Coronis slowly lost interest in Apollo and was attracted to a human. The crow had been spying on her secretly. He told Apollo that Coronis had a new lover. Apollo was so angry that he turned the loyal raven's feathers black and took away the bird's ability to speak. Coronis was killed by Apollo's twin sister Artemis. The child of Coronis and Apollo lived. He then became Asclepius, the god of medicine and healing.

In another story, Apollo sent his raven to get some water in the god's cup called the Crater. The raven waited for some figs to become ripe and ate them. He came back very late with a water snake called a Hydra and the water in the cup. The foolish raven said he was late because of the water snake. Apollo was not tricked. He put the raven in the sky along with the water snake and the cup. The snake stops the thirsty raven from getting to the water in the cup. The raven can see the water, just out of reach.

Origins
Corvus is similar to the Babylonian raven (MUL.UGA.MUSHEN). The Babylonians also put the raven sitting on the tail of a snake. The Babylonian constellation was special to the god Adad. Adad was the god of rain and storms. In the time of the Babylonians, the constellation would have risen just before the start of the autum rainy season.

Notes

References
Ian Ridpath and Wil Tirion (2007). Stars and Planets Guide, Collins, London. . Princeton University Press, Princeton. .
Richard Hinckley Allen, Star Names, Their Lore and Legend, New York, Dover.
Thomas Wm. Hamilton, Useful Star Names, Viewlex, Holbrook, New York, 1968.

Other websites
Hawaiian Astronomical Society
Chandra X-ray Observatory
Constellations of Words
The Deep Photographic Guide to the Constellations: Corvus
Star Tales – Corvus and Crater

Constellations
Constellations listed by Ptolemy
Eric Kandel

Eric Richard Kandel (born 7 November 1929) is an American neuropsychiatrist of Jewish descent. He was a professor of biochemistry and biophysics.

He won the Wolf Prize in Medicine in 1999, and the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2000 for describing the physiological basis of memory storage in neurons. Kandel shared the Nobel Prize with Arvid Carlsson and Paul Greengard.

Kandel was born in Vienna. He migrated to Brooklyn, New York City in 1939, the year after the Anschluss when Austria was made part of Nazi Germany. In 1956, he married sociologist Denise Kandel. They have two children.

References

1929 births
Living people
American biochemists
American Nobel Prize winners
American physicians
Austrian Jews
American biophysicists
Harvard University alumni
Jewish American academics
Jewish American scientists
Jewish Nobel Prize winners
Jewish Wolf Prize winners
Naturalized citizens of the United States
American neuroscientists
New York University alumni
Scientists from Vienna
Austrian psychiatrists
American psychiatrists
Psychoanalysts
Refugees from Nazism
Scientists from Brooklyn
Austrian Nobel Prize winners
Austrian biologists
Educators from New York City
D. J. King

Dwayne "D. J." King (born June 27, 1984) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey left winger who played in the National Hockey League (NHL) with the St. Louis Blues and the Washington Capitals.

Before playing in the NHL, King played 4 seasons in the Western Hockey League; 3 seasons with the Lethbridge Hurricanes and 1 season with the Kelowna Rockets. He was drafted by the St. Louis Blues with the 190th overall pick in the 2002 NHL Entry Draft.

King is of Métis heritage. He has a younger brother named Dwight, that plays for the Los Angeles Kings.

References

Other websites
 
 

1984 births
American Hockey League players
Canadian ice hockey left wingers
Ice hockey people from Saskatchewan
Lethbridge Hurricanes players
Living people
St. Louis Blues players
Washington Capitals players
ECHL players
Memorial Cup winners
Nuclear fallout

Fallout is the left over radiation hazard from a nuclear explosion. The name is because radioactive material "falls out" of the atmosphere into which it is spread during the explosion. These materials continue to undergo radioactive decay for minutes, days or centuries. "Fallout" commonly refers to the radioactive dust created when a nuclear weapon explodes. All nuclear explosions make fission products, which are the broken, radioactive atoms from a fission reaction. Neutrons from the explosion also make some nearby materials radioactive. 

There was also radioactive fallout after a part of the nuclear power station at Chernobyl exploded. The fallout caused serious contamination over an area including Ukraine, Belarus, Russia, Scandinavia and some parts of Europe. All people living in an area of 30 kilometres radius around the power plant were forced to move because of the fallout with villages and towns being abandoned.

References

Nuclear accidents
Nuclear weapons
Drillbit Taylor

Drillbit Taylor is a 2008 comedy movie that was produced by Judd Apatow and Susan Arnold and directed by Steven Brill. The movie was the last movie written by John Hughes before he died on August 6, 2009. It was released on February 8, 2008.

Cast 
 Owen Wilson as Bob "Drillbit" Taylor
 Nate Hartley as Wade
 Troy Gentile as Ryan Anderson
 David Dorfman as Emmit Oosterhaus
 Alex Frost as Terry Filkins
 Josh Peck as Ronnie Lampenelli
 Leslie Mann as Lisa Zachey
 Danny R. McBride as Don Armstrong
 Stephen Root as Principal Neville Doppler
 Ian Roberts as Jim
 Lisa Lampanelli as Mrs. Lampanelli
 Lisa Ann Walter as Delores Anderson
 Hynden Walch as Mrs. Oosterhaus
 Valerie Tian as Brooke Nguyen
 David Bowe as the male teacher.
 Beth Littleford as Barbara Drennan
 Steve Bannos as Coffee Computer Guy
 Chuck Liddell as Himself
 Robert Allen Mukes as Bonecrusher
 Adam Baldwin as Ricky Linderman
 Cedric Yarbrough as Bernie Hodge
 Tichina Arnold as Photography teacher
 Kevin Hart as Pawn Shop Guy 1
 Matt Besser as Pawn Shop Guy 2
 David Koechner  as Frightened Dad (unrated version)
 Shaun Weiss as the Bus Driver

Other websites 
Official website 

2008 movies
2008 comedy movies
Canary

The canary (Serinus canaria), also called the island canary, Atlantic canary or common canary, is a small passerine bird. It belongs to the genus Serinus in the finch family. It is native to the Canary Islands, the Azores, and Madeira. Wild birds are mostly yellow-green, with brownish streaking on the back. The species is common in captivity. Different colour varieties have been bred. Canaries are domestic birds. They are popular pets. 

Nesting
Canary nests are small and cup-shaped, and the birds build them several feet off the ground in a shrub or a tree. Both members of the pair build the nest, usually with a variety of twigs, sticks, grasses, and more. Females lay an average of three or four eggs per clutch.

Passeriformes