cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Rouran

The Rouran () ruled northern China during the Sixteen Kingdoms period. 

They were either proto-Mongols or Turkic. They spoke the Ruanruan language, an Altaic or Sino–Tibetan language.  

They descended from the Xianbei. The Rouran are the first to use the words "khan" or "khagan". The Rouran Khaganate existed between the 4-6 centuries. They were then overthrown by the Gokturks. This led to the rise of the Turkic peoples. 

The Rouran may have fled west after that and become part of the Pannonian Avars. The Göktürks chased after these "Avars" into the Byzantine Empire.

Where are they from? 
The Rouran were nomads. They lived in the eastern Eurasian Steppe (Mongolia and northeast China). They overthrew the Xianbei. Most Xianbei moved south and lived in Northern China. Kwok Kin Poon argues the Rouran descended from the Donghu Xianbei.

History 
The founder of the Rouran Khaganate was Yujiulu Shelun. He descended from slaves of the Xianbei. The Xianbei used the word rouran to mean "wriggling worms". 

After the Xianbei moved south in the 3rd century, the Rouran took over and conquered a lot of land.

In 402 Shelun unified all of the Rouran. They defeated the neighboring Tiele and expanded to the Silk Roads. They then conquered and vassalized the Hephthalites (of Central Asia) until 5th century. 

The Hepthalites then moved towards India and replaced the Yuezhi in Bactria. The Hephtalites borrowed much culture and language from the Rouran: including the word "Khan".

In 429, Northern Wei (where the Xianbei settled) attacked the Rouran and killed many.

In 434, the Rouran made a heqin with Northern Wei.

Between 440-460, the Northern Wei attacked and defeated the Rouran several times.

The Rouran made a heqin with the Han-Chinese ruler Gao Huan of Eastern Wei.

In 508, the Tiele defeated the Rouran.  

In 516, the Rouran defeated the Tiele.

Overthrow by Gokturks 
In 551, Bumin of the Ashina Göktürks () defeated the Tiele revolt for the Rouran. In return Bumin asked for a Rouran princess (heqin). Rouran refused, so Bumin declared independence. 

Bumin made a heqin with the Western Wei (descend from Northern Wei). Bumin then attacked the Rouran in 552, killing Yujiulü Anagui. Bumin then conquered Otuken. 

He declared himself Illig Khagan and started the Turkic Khaganate. He died soon Bumin but his son Issik Qaghan succeeded him. Issik continued attacking the Rouran but died a year later in 553. His brother Muqan Qaghan finished the job and annihilated the Rouran in 555.

References

Eurasian nomads
History of Mongolia
Pages with unreviewed translations
Eurasian Steppe

The Eurasian Steppe (or Ya'ou Steppe; 亚欧草原) is a steppe ecoregion (a huge stretch of grasslands) in north Eurasia. It stretches from Eastern Europe, Russia, Kazakhstan, to Mongolia and north China. It is south of Siberia.

For most of history, nomads lived and wandered there on horseback. The horse may have came from the steppe, around Kazakhstan. With the horses the steppe was a highway that moved people from China to Europe. For this reason it became important for the Silk Road.

The steppe has been ruled by many empires. Examples are the Altaic people, Chinese, Slavic people, and Central Asians: including the Xiongnu, Scythians, Han dynasty, Xianbei, Sogdians, Turkic Khaganate, Khazars, Tang Dynasty, Mongol Empire, Russian Empire, and Qing dynasty.

References

History of Pakistan
Eastern Europe
Central Asia
Otuken

Ötüken was the capital of the Turkic Khaganate. Otugan was around Mongolia and Central Asia on the Khangan Plateau. Ötüken probably stretched "from the Khangai Range of Central Mongolia to the Sayan Mountains of Tuva [Siberia], at the centre of which is the Orkhon Valley". which for centuries was regarded as the seat of the imperial power of the steppes.

It was also an important place in Turkic mythology and Tengrism. Otukan means Mother Earth.

References

History of Mongolia
Pages with unreviewed translations
Chu River

The Chu (or Shu, from Chinese:  chǔ) is a river in northern Kyrgyzstan and southern Kazakhstan. It is 1067 km long and is one of the longest rivers in Central Asia, a landlocked region. They are the homeplace of the Dungan people, who moved there during the Qing dynasty.

Sources 

Coordinates on Wikidata
Rivers of Asia
Geography of Kyrgyzstan
Geography of Kazakhstan
Lake Balqash

Lake Balkhash () is located in Kazakhstan. It is one of the largest lakes in Asia and 15th largest in the world. 

It belongs to a Central Asian endorheic basin shared by Kazakhstan, China, and Kyrgyzstan. Water moves from the basin to Balqash via seven rivers. The most important one is the Ili River. Water in the Ili River comes from melted snow from the mountains of China's Xinjiang.
Lakes of Asia
Coordinates on Wikidata
North–South Corridor, Singapore

The North–South Corridor (NSC), at first known as the North–South Expressway, will be the 11th expressway of Singapore. It will serve extra traffic along the north-south corridor that is currently being served by the Central Expressway (CTE). It was announced on 30 January 2008. It was announced during a major review of Singapore's transport network by the Land Transport Authority (LTA). The  expressway would cost about S$7–8 billion when to build. It is planned to be finished being built in 2026. It will connect the East Coast Parkway (ECP) with the northern parts of Singapore.

The NSC will have 16 entrances and 17 exits to connect towns along the north-south corridor. They are Woodlands, Sembawang, Yishun, Ang Mo Kio, Bishan and Toa Payoh. It will connect them with the city centre. The NSC will also connect with already-built expressways, like the Seletar Expressway (SLE), Pan-Island Expressway (PIE) and East Coast Parkway (ECP).

According to the Land Transport Authority, the bus lanes along the NSC will reduce bus travelling times from Woodlands, Sembawang, Yishun and Ang Mo Kio to the city by up to 30 minutes. It is done through morning and evening peak express bus services. It can speed up bus routes between towns along the NSC faster by allowing buses to use the ramps and bus lanes in it. A cycling path along the entire length of the highway will link up Park Connector Networks and cycling path networks within HDB towns along the entire road to the city centre.

At first, it was supposed to be built by 2023. Because of construction delays, it now can only be built by 2026.

History 
On 19 January 2011, the government allowed the expressway to be built. It was to be built between the roads Admiralty Road West and Toa Payoh Rise. On 15 November 2011, the Land Transport Authority (LTA) revealed the whole route of the North-South Corridor. 

It was first planned to be an expressway for vehicles to be built by 2020. However, the corridor will now be built as Singapore's first "integrated transport corridor". It will have bus routes and cycling path along the entire expressway. Its construction was supposed to start in 2017, and it was supposed to be finally built by 2023. However, the first contract was only given in November 2017, with construction work starting in early 2018. 

Now, it is planned to be finished by 2026.

Route 
The NSC will stat at Admiralty Road West in the North of Singapore. It would go south and pass by Woodlands and Sembawang. It would have a junction with the Seletar Expressway. It would then go through Toa Payoh. It would run parallel with the Central Expressway, and then join the East Coast Parkway in the city.

The LTA tried to use as much state land as possible. This makes sure that as few private properties are take  as possible. Even though the expressway is underground in its Southern part, some land had to be taken. This is because there are MRT tunnels blocking its way. The Rochor Centre had to be demolished because of this. Some underpasses at Novena Square had to be demolished. The Ellison Building may also have to be demolished.

References 

Transport in Singapore
Expressways of Singapore

The expressways of Singapore are:
 East Coast Parkway
 Kallang-Paya Lebar Expressway
 Central Expressway
 Pan Island Expressway
 Marina Coastal Expressway
 Tampines Expressway
 Ayer Rajah Expressway
 Seletar Expressway
 Kranji Expressway
 Bukit Timah Expressway

References 

Lists of roads
Transport in Singapore
Pentium 4

Pentium 4 is a seventh generation single core Microprocessor of x86 architecture (32-bit), manufactured by Intel. Its first complete redesign CPU (called NetBurst) since the processor Pentium Pro, released in 1995. Compared to the Pentium II, Pentium III and Celeron processors, its architecture is little similar to the Pentium Pro/P6 processor design. The NetBurst microarchitecture contains a very deep instruction pipeline to be able to achieve very high frequencies. The Pentium 4 was known for being inefficient and producing a large amount of heat. Because of this, Intel introduced the Core 2 in 2006. Intel stopped making the Pentium 4 in 2008.

Intel processors
Processors released in the 21st century
Lee-Enfield

The Lee-Enfield is a series of bolt-action rifles that was used by the British Armed Forces. It was the main British rifle for the first half of the 20th century, and was used until the end of the century.

While it was not as powerful as rifles used by other countries during both World War I and World War II, it was well-known for holding a lot of bullets and for having a very high rate of fire.

The Lee-Enfield can be loaded with two magazines of five British .303 bullets, allowing for the shooter to have up to ten bullets in the rifle at a time.

Even though bolt-action rifles tend to fire much more slowly than semi-automatic or fully automatic weapons, the Lee-Enfield can fire almost as fast as a semi-automatic rifle if the shooter is well-trained with the weapon. This is because the rifle's bolt needs very little movement to eject and load the rifle.

Rifles
Mosin-Nagant

The Mosin-Nagant is a series of bolt-action rifles used by the Russian Empire and later the Soviet Union. It was their main rifle throughout the Russo-Japanese War, World War I and World War II. After World War II, it was replaced by the SKS rifle. It was also commonly used by the USSR's allies during the Cold War, and it is still used today by some smaller militaries. It is also popular with civilians due to its cheap price. It is the most produced bolt-action rifle of all-time. More than 37 million Mosin-Nagants were made.

It holds up five 7.62 x 54mmR bullets, which is still used by Russian machine guns and sniper rifles today.

It was the rifle used by Vasily Zaytsev, a Soviet World War II sniper and one of the deadliest snipers of all time.

Rifles
7.62 x 54mmR

The 7.62 x 54mmR round is a bullet used for Russian guns. It is used for guns like the Mosin–Nagant rifle, the SVD rifle, and the PK machine gun.

Pistol and rifle cartridges
Military cartridges
Bai people

The Baizu (Bai language: 白和; ; literally: white people) are East Asian. They are one of the 56 ethnic groups of China. In 2010 their population was 1,933,510. They live mostly in Yunnan.

References

Ethnic groups in China
Tubo

Tubo (, Tibetan: བོད་ཆེན་པོ, bod chen po), also called the Tibetan Empire, existed from the 7th to 9th centuries. Its first king was Songtsen Gampo. Its second king was Mangsong Mangzan. It controlled the Tibetan Plateau as well as parts of Central Asia and South Asia. They came after the Zhangzhung people, who practiced the Bon religion. The Tibet empire imported Buddhism from China and India, combined it with the native Bon religion, and created Tibetan Buddhism. Gampo also helped invent the Tibetan alphabet during this time.

Sources 

618 establishments
Former countries in Central Asia
History of Asia
Former monarchies of Asia
All articles with dead external links
All articles with unsourced statements
Bamar

The Bamar (Burmese: ဗမာလူမျိုး bama loo-myo), Burmese or Burmans are the largest ethnic group in Myanmar. The Bamar live around the Irrawaddy River. They speak the Burmese language, the official language of Myanmar.

Where they are from 
The Burmese-speaking people first migrated from Yunnan, China to the Irrawaddy valley in the 7th century. Over the following centuries, the Burmese absorbed other groups like the Pyu. DNA tests show that the Bamar are East Eurasian, related to Southeast Asian and Northeast Asian people. But they also have "Indian influences".

What they speak 
The Bamar speak Burmese, a Sino-Tibetan language. So basic words are related to Chinese language and Tibetan language. Many words related to Buddhism are borrowed from Pali. The Burmese alphabet itself is based on Indian scripts.

References

Pages using deprecated image syntax
Pages with unreviewed translations
Nanzhao

Nanzhao are a Sino-Tibetan kingdom that existed southern China and Southeast Asia during the 8th and 9th centuries. It was centered in Yunnan, China.

History 
Most Nanzhao were Bai people. They spoke Nuosu (Yi), a Tibeto-Burman language related to Burmese. They descended from the Cuan clan. The Cuan migrated from Taiyuan to Yunnan during Zhuge Liang's Southern Campaign in 225. By the fourth century they controlled Yunnan.

In 593, they rebelled against the Sui dynasty. But in 602 the Sui destroyed the rebellion. The Cuan split into two groups: the Black and White Mywa.

The White Mywa tribes lived near lake Erhai. In 704 the Tubo made these kingdoms into vassals or tributaries.

In 737, the Tang dynasty helped unify the tribes and create a new kingdom called the Nanzhao (南诏 "Southern Zhao"). In 738 the capital was established in Taihe (south of Dali). It was in the Erhai valley; the mountains made it easy to defend; and there was a lot of farmland.

Tubo alliance 
In 750 the Nanzhao attacked the Tang. In 751 Tang governor of Sichuan, Xianyu Zhongtong then attacked Nanzhao with an army of 80,000 soldiers. He was defeated by Duan Jianwei (段俭魏).

In 754, the Tang sent another 100,000 soldiers, led by General Li Mi (李宓), but never made it past Mu'ege. The Tubo then became friends with the Tubo. This alliance then ended in 794.

Nanzhao attacks on Tang 
In 801 the Nanzhao and Tang defeated Tibetan and their slave Abbasid soldiers. Nanzhao then expanded into Myanmar and conquered Pyu city-states from 820-832.

In 829, the Nanzhao failed to attack Chengdu (Sichuan). In the 830s, they conquered Kunlun to the east and Nuwang to the south.

In 846, 859, 863, the Nanzhao attacked Annam (Vietnam, then part of the Tang). In 869, the Nanzhao again failed to capture Chengdu.

In 873, the Yang family of Shanxi kicked the Nanzhao were out of Sichuan. In 877 the Yang kicked them out of Guizhou. The Nanzhao retreated to Yunnan, and they slowly died. In 902, their chief minister murdered most of the royal family, including the heir apparent. In 937, Duan Siping seized power and created the Dali Kingdom.

They were Buddhists 

They were Vajrayana Buddhists. Many people living in Yunnan still are.

They called it Azhali. Azhali is a bit different from Han Buddhist schools like Zen (Chan Buddhism). But it has Han, Tibetan, and Burmese influences. Nanzhao likely had strong religious connections with the Pagan Kingdom (Myanmar), Tibet, and Bengal (Pala Empire).

It was started around 821-824 by an Indian monk from India called Candragupta (赞陀崛多, Zantuojueduo). More monks from India arrived in 825 and 828 and helped build a temple in Heqing.

The last king of Nanzhao made Buddhism the official religion.

References

Former monarchies of Asia
Rosé (singer)

Roseanne Park is a New Zealand-born Australian singer. She is based in South Korea and goes by the mononym Rosé. She a member of Blackpink, which as of 2019 is the highest-charting female K-pop group. On March 12 2021, she debuted as a solo artist with her single album -R-, which received lots of positive feedback from listeners. Rosé is also well known on social media as she has over 40.2 million of followers on Instagram. 

Rosé was born in New Zealand on 11 February 1997. At the age of seven, she moved to Australia. In 2012, she had an audition for YG Entertainment at the age of 16.  She later signed with YG Entertainment and moved to South Korea. In 2018 it was announced that BLACKPINK has been signed to INTERSCOPE Records.

Discography 
"-R-" (2021)

References

Other websites 

1997 births
Living people
K-pop singers
Blackpink members
New Zealand singers
List of unused or defunct New York City Subway services

The Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA) does not use some letters and numbers to identify routes on the New York City Subway.

Unused letters 

 : the letter I could be confused with Line 1.
 : the letter O could be confused with the number 0, which the MTA uses to help their computers recognize the 42nd Street Shuttle.
 : the letter P could sound funny or rude, because it sounds like the word “pee”.
 : the letter U could be confused with with the word “you”.
 : the letter Y could be confused with with the word “why”.

Internal numbers and letters 

The MTA privately (or internally) uses the number 0 and the letter H, to help their computers recognize the three separate shuttles. The three shuttles use the letter S on maps and posters, and this can confuse computers.

 : The number 0 represents the 42nd Street Shuttle.
 : The letter H represents the Rockaway Park Shuttle. The last time that the MTA used the letter H on maps and posters was in 2012, because the damage from Hurricane Sandy prevented the MTA from running Line A.

Reserved letters 

The MTA reserves the letters T and X to identify the services that they want to build or run in the future.

 : the letter T represents a service that the MTA plans to run, when they finish building the Second Avenue Subway.
 : the letter X represents a service that the MTA plans to run in the future, but have not decided on what number or letter to use.

Defunct letters and numbers 

 : the number 8 used to represent trains that ran on the IRT Third Avenue Line. Line 8 stopped running on April 28, 1973, when the MTA closed the Third Avenue Line.
 : the number 9 used to represent trains that made fewer stops along the same route as Line 1. Line 9 stopped running on May 27, 2005, because it caused riders to wait too long for other trains on the IRT Broadway - Seventh Avenue Line.
 : the letter K used to represent trains that ran via the IND Eighth Avenue Line, between 168th Street and World Trade Center. Line K stopped running on  December 11, 1988.
 : the letter V used to represent trains that ran via the IND Sixth Avenue Line, between Forest Hills–71st Avenue and Lower East Side–Second Avenue. Line V stopped running on June 25, 2010, because the MTA did not have enough money to operate the service.

Unused or defunct letters and numbers on trains 

 : Trains of the R62 and R62A type can display the numbers 8, 10, 11, 12, and 13. When the trains first entered service, the MTA was thinking of replacing diamond-shaped symbols with separate numbers to represent fast trains.
 : Trains of the R32 and R32A type can display the letters P, T, U, X, and Y. The extra letters allow the MTA to use any of those letters for a special service, during an emergency.

Trains of the R142, R143, R160, R179 and R188 types use digital displays, meaning that they can easily display any service number or letter.
G98 Mauser rifle

The G98 Mauser rifle is a bolt-action rifle used by Germany from 1898 until the end of World War I. It was the German military's main rifle during that time. In 1935, it was replaced by Kar98k, a carbine version of the G98.

It was not the first bolt-action rifle ever made, but its design is so well-liked by militaries worldwide that many bolt-action rifles copied its design. Some rifles based on the G98 that were made in other countries include the American M1903 Springfield rifle and the Japanese Type 38 and Type 99 Arisaka rifles. Even today, many bolt-action rifles still follow the G98's basic design.

The rifle held up to five 7.92 x 57mm Mauser rounds. It was also clip-fed, which means that the shooter can load many bullets at one time, rather than just one bullet at a time.

References

Rifles
M1903 Springfield rifle

The M1903 Springfield rifle was a bolt-action rifle used by the Military of the United States during both World War I, World War II, the Korean War, and the early part of the Vietnam War.

The Springfield was based on the German G98 Mauser rifle. It holds up to five .30-06 Springfield bullets.

It was the US's main rifle during World War I. In 1936, it was replaced by the M1 Garand, a semi-automatic rifle. This was because semi-automatic rifles could fire bullets more quickly than bolt-action rifles. This was important because in World War I much of the fighting took place in trenches. In tight spaces like those in trench warfare, it is very important to be able to shoot quickly, and semi-automatic firearms do a better job at that than bolt-action rifles. However, it was still commonly used during World War II, and it became the main sniper rifle for the US. It was the main sniper rifle of the US until the early part of the Vietnam War.

Rifles
.30-06 Springfield

The .30-06 Springfield cartridge, pronounced "thirty-aught-six", is a bullet used for guns made in the United States. It was first used for the M1903 Springfield rifle.

The ".30" means that the bullet is .30 inches (7.62 millimeters) in diameter, and the "06" means it was first used in the US military in the year 1906

The .30-06 is known for having high stopping power (meaning it does a lot of damage to a human or animal body), high penetration power (it can pierce through thick layers), and a long effective range (it is accurate for a long distance).

In the US military, it was the main bullet used for rifles and light machine guns for the first half of the 20th century. Guns that shot the .30-06 include the M1903 Springfield, the M1 Garand, the M1917, the M1919 Browning machine gun, and the BAR.

However, when the US created NATO, it replaced all the .30-06 military weapons with those that used the 7.62 x 51mm NATO bullet. This is because NATO requires the militaries of all its member countries to use the same kinds of ammunition.

However, there are still many American hunting and sporting rifles made today that fire the .30-06 because it is still very popular with hunters and competitive shooters.

References 

Ammunition
Effective range

Effective range is the distance a well-aimed bullet can hit a target accurately. A bullet shot can actually travel far past its effective range, but it is not certain if it will hit its target then, even if the shot was well-aimed. Generally, bullets with a higher muzzle velocity will have a longer effective range.

Ballistics
Ammunition
Muzzle velocity

Muzzle velocity is the speed that a bullet travels as soon as it is fired. Bullets with higher muzzle velocities tend to have higher effective ranges.

Ballistics
Ammunition
Shirley Williams

Shirley Vivian Teresa Brittain Williams, Baroness Williams of Crosby,  (née Catlin; 27 July 1930 – 12 April 2021) was a retired British politician. 

Williams was originally a Labour MP - first elected to the House of Commons in 1964 - but left to found the Social Democratic Party (later the Liberal Democrats) in 1981. She served in government through the 1960s and 70s, but was defeated as an MP in 1983. She was awarded a life peerage in 1993 and retired in 2016. She was made a Companion of Honour in 2017.

Williams was the daughter of the author Vera Brittain and Sir George Catlin. She died on 12 April 2021, aged 90.

References

1930 births
2021 deaths
Academics of the University of Cambridge
Academics of the University of Oxford
Alumni of the University of Oxford
Columbia University alumni
English Roman Catholics
Former Labour Party (UK) MPs
Former Liberal Democrats MPs (UK)
Former members of the British House of Commons for English constituencies
Harvard University faculty
Journalists from London
Members of the House of Lords
Secretaries of State of the United Kingdom
Social Democratic Party MPs (UK)
UK MPs 1964–1966
UK MPs 1966–1970
UK MPs 1970–1974
UK MPs 1974
UK MPs 1974–1979
UK MPs 1979–1983
Politicians from London
Women politicians
Antonia Fraser

Lady Antonia Margaret Caroline Fraser CH DBE (née Pakenham; born 27 August 1932) is a British historian and author. She is best known for history books, biographies and detective stories.

Lady Antonia was the daughter of the 7th Earl and Countess of Longford. She was married to Hugh Fraser from 1956 until their divorce in 1977. She was then married to the playwright Harold Pinter from 1980 until his death in 2008. She attended the University of Oxford. Her first major book - a biography of Mary, Queen of Scots was published in 1969.

She was awarded a damehood in 2011 and was made a Companion of Honour in 2018.

1932 births
Living people
British writers
Evelyn Glennie

Dame Evelyn Elizabeth Ann Glennie CH DBE (born 19 July 1965) is a Scottish musician specialising in percussion.

Glennie has been deaf since the age of 12. She uses vibrations of the instruments to play during performances.

She was awarded a damehood in 2007, and was made a Companion of Honour in 2017.

Her deafness was first discovered by her mother Isabel Glennie when Evelyn tries to play a piano at the age of 8.

British musicians
1965 births
Living people
Knights and Dames Commander of the Order of the British Empire
Terajoule

The terajoule (TJ) is equal to one trillion (1012) joules; or about 0.278 GWh (which is often used in energy tables). About 63 TJ of energy was released by the atomic bomb that exploded over Hiroshima. The International Space Station, with a mass of approximately 450 megagrams and orbital velocity of 7.7 km/s, has a kinetic energy of roughly 13 TJ. In 2017 Hurricane Irma was estimated to have a peak wind energy of 112 TJ.

References 

Units of measurement
Energy
Hipercor bombing

The Hipercor bombing was a car bombing by Basque separatist group ETA. It happened on 19 June 1987 at the Hipercor shopping centre on Avinguda Meridiana, Barcelona, Spain. It killed 21 people and injured another 45.

References 

1987 in Europe
1980s building bombings
1980s explosions in Europe
1980s murders in Europe
Attacks on shops
Building bombings in Europe
Car and truck bombings in Europe
Crime in Spain

History of Barcelona
June events
Terrorist incidents in Europe in the 1980s
Mary Peters

Lady Mary Elizabeth Peters LG CH DBE (born 6 July 1939) is a retired athlete and sportsperson from Northern Ireland. She won a gold medal at the 1972 Olympic Games for pentathlon, as well as three gold medals in the Commonwealth Games in shot put and pentathlon.

She founded the Mary Peters Trust which helps young people in Northern Ireland to take part in sport. She was also Lord Lieutenant of Belfast from 2009 to 2014.

She was made a dame in 2000, a Companion of Honour in 2015, and a Lady Companion of the Order of the Garter in 2019.

1939 births
Living people
British athletes
Kathleen Lonsdale

Dame Kathleen Lonsdale DBE FRS (née Yardley; 28 January 1903 – 1 April 1971) was a British scientist.

She got her degree from University College London in 1924, and was awarded a doctorate in 1934. She used X-ray diffraction to work out the structure of lots of chemicals, and used X-rays to study crystals.

Lonsdale was the first woman to be made a professor at University College London (1949), one of the first women to be made a Fellow of the Royal Society (1945), and was made a dame in 1956.

1903 births
1971 deaths
British scientists
Tropical Storm Nari

Tropical Storm Nari was a Storm that devastated Japan.

Storm history 
On the afternoon of July 23, a tropical disturbance was formed in the southern waters of Japan, and the US Naval Research Laboratory gave a disturbance number of 91W. Soon after, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center rated the system "low" and upgraded to "Medium" at 10 am.
At 5 am on July 24, the Japan Meteorological Agency upgraded it to a tropical depression. At 8 o'clock in the morning, the Japan Meteorological Agency issued a gale warning, and the Central Meteorological Bureau of Taiwan upgraded it to a tropical depression, giving the number 11. At 11 am, the Hong Kong Observatory upgraded it to a tropical depression. In the afternoon, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center upgraded the rating to “High” and issued a tropical cyclone warning.
At 10 am on July 25, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center upgraded it to a tropical depression, giving the tropical cyclone number 07W. At 9 pm, the combined typhoon warning center upgraded the system to a tropical storm.

At 8 am on July 26, the Hong Kong Observatory upgraded it to a tropical storm. At 9 o'clock in the morning, the Japan Meteorological Agency upgraded it to a tropical storm, giving the international number 1906 and named it "Nari." The Hong Kong Observatory downgraded Nari to a tropical depression at 2 am on July 27 and downgraded it to a low pressure zone at 2 pm. At 6 o'clock in the morning, Nari landed in the south of Mie Prefecture, Japan. At 3 pm, the Japan Meteorological Agency downgraded to a tropical depression. On the morning of July 28, Nari completely dissipated.

Damage and impact 
The city of Wakayama recorded rainfall of 47.5 millimeters in an hour through to 9:05 a.m. A maximum instantaneous wind speed of 25 meters per second was registered at the cape of Shionomisaki in Kushimoto, Wakayama Prefecture, at around 5:20 a.m.

The storm, which was downgraded to a tropical depression at around 3 p.m., was projected to travel across the Tokai central region before reaching the seas east of the Kanto region by Sunday morning.

The agency warned residents in the Tokai and Kanto-Koshinetsu regions to be on high alert for heavy rain. 

Heavy rain and gusty winds spread across central Honshu through Saturday. Localized downpours will also spread over eastern Shikoku.

References 

Nari
Leake County, Mississippi

Leake County is a county found in the U.S. state of Mississippi. As of the 2010 census, 23,805 people lived there. Its county seat is Carthage.

References 

1833 establishments in Mississippi
Mississippi counties
Simpson County, Mississippi

Simpson County is a county in the U.S. state of Mississippi. As of the 2010 census, 27,503 people lived there. Its county seat is Mendenhall.

Geography 
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of , of which  is land and  (0.2%) is water.

Bordering counties 
 Rankin County (north)
 Smith County (east)
 Covington County (southeast)
 Jefferson Davis County (south)
 Lawrence County (southwest)
 Copiah County (west)

Communities

Cities 
 Magee
 Mendenhall

Town 
 D'Lo

Village 
 Braxton

Unincorporated communities 
 Harrisville
 Merry Hell
 Pinola
 Sanatorium

Ghost town 
 Westville

References 

1820s establishments in Mississippi
1824 establishments in the United States
Mississippi counties
Amorita, Oklahoma

Amorita is a town in the U.S. state of Oklahoma.

References 

Towns in Oklahoma
Apache, Oklahoma

Apache is a town in Caddo County, Oklahoma, United States. The population was 1,444 at the 2010 census.

References 

Towns in Oklahoma
Arapaho, Oklahoma

Arapaho is a town in the U.S. state of Oklahoma. It is the county seat of Custer County.

References 

Towns in Oklahoma
County seats in Oklahoma
Congressional caucus

A congressional caucus is a group of members of the United States Congress that meets to try to get common legislative goals. Officially, caucuses are created as congressional member organizations (CMOs) through the United States House of Representatives and the United States Senate. They are governed under the rules of these chambers. They are sometimes called conferences (especially Republican ones), coalitions, study groups, task forces, or working groups. Many other countries use the term parliamentary group—for example, the Parliament of the United Kingdom has many all-party parliamentary groups.

References

Politics
Nelson Muntz

Nelson Mandela Muntz  is a fictional character in the animated television series The Simpsons.  Nelson is a school bully. Nelson constantly laughs at other people. He first appeared in the episode, Bart the General, in which Bart Simpson convinces everyone to fight back against Nelson. Nelson repeatedly throws Bart into a trash can.  He also is seen pushing people into lockers and torments other characters especially Milhouse Van Houten and more often minor character Martin Prince by giving them wedgies.  In the episode Revenge is a Dish Best Served Three Times Over, in a story called The Revenge of the Geeks, Milhouse gets revenge against all the bullies using a weapon that causes them to experience everything they did to the nerds.  Lisa Simpson convinces Milhouse to put down his weapon and Nelson shows up saying "you forgot about me because I had the mumps" and then uses Milhouse's weapon against Milhouse.  In the episode Dial N for Nerder, Martin Prince is seemingly killed by Bart Simpson and Lisa Simpson who then cover up what happened and Nelson tries to get to the bottom of it. It is revealed in the show that when he was a young child Nelson's father left to get a pack of cigarettes and never came back.  Nelson is poor. At one point Nelson dates Lisa Simpson.

Fictional criminals
The Simpsons characters
Fictional characters introduced in 1990
Hendrix, Oklahoma

Hendrix is a town in the U.S. state of Oklahoma.

Towns in Oklahoma
Arkoma, Oklahoma

Arkoma is a town in the U.S. state of Oklahoma.

References 

Towns in Oklahoma
Armstrong, Oklahoma

Armstrong is a town in the U.S. state of Oklahoma.

References 

Towns in Oklahoma
Avant, Oklahoma

Avant is a town in the U.S. state of Oklahoma. It is in Osage County.

References 

Towns in Oklahoma
Arnett, Oklahoma

Arnett is a town in the U.S. state of Oklahoma. It is the county seat of Ellis County.

References 

Towns in Oklahoma
County seats in Oklahoma
Ashland, Oklahoma

Ashland is a town in the U.S. state of Oklahoma.

References 

Towns in Oklahoma
Mannford, Oklahoma

Mannford is a city in Oklahoma in the United States.

Cities in Oklahoma
Atwood, Oklahoma

Atwood is a town in the U.S. state of Oklahoma.

References 

Towns in Oklahoma
Bearden, Oklahoma

Bearden is a town in the U.S. state of Oklahoma.

References 

Towns in Oklahoma
Bennington, Oklahoma

Bennington is a town in the U.S. state of Oklahoma.

References 

Towns in Oklahoma
Bernice, Oklahoma

Bernice is a town in the U.S. state of Oklahoma.

References 

Towns in Oklahoma
Bessie, Oklahoma

Bessie is a city in Oklahoma in the United States.

Cities in Oklahoma
Bethel Acres, Oklahoma

Bethel Acres is a town in the U.S. state of Oklahoma.

References 

Towns in Oklahoma
Big Cabin, Oklahoma

Big Cabin is a town in the U.S. state of Oklahoma.

References 

Towns in Oklahoma
Billings, Oklahoma

Billings is a city in Oklahoma in the United States.

Cities in Oklahoma
Binger, Oklahoma

Binger is a town in the U.S. state of Oklahoma.

References 

Towns in Oklahoma
Carmen, Oklahoma

Carmen is a town in the U.S. state of Oklahoma.

References 

Towns in Oklahoma
Blackburn, Oklahoma

Blackburn is a town in the U.S. state of Oklahoma.

References 

Towns in Oklahoma
Blair, Oklahoma

Blair is a town in the U.S. state of Oklahoma.

References 

Towns in Oklahoma
Fallis, Oklahoma

Fallis is a town in the U.S. state of Oklahoma.

Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 28 people, 13 households, and 7 families living in the town. The population density was 81.2 people per square mile (31.8/km2). There were 17 houses at an average density of 49.3 per square mile (19.3/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 92.86% White and 7.14% African American.

References 

Towns in Oklahoma
Bradley, Oklahoma

Bradley is a town in the U.S. state of Oklahoma. It is in Grady County.

References 

Towns in Oklahoma
Avengers: Infinity War

Avengers: Infinity War is a 2018 film for the Marvel Cinematic Universe. It was positively welcomed from audiences, fans and film critics alike which praised its directing, story, humor, characters dynamic, emotional weight, Alan Silvestri's musical score, Thanos's rappresentation, CGI and the action scenes.  A sequel was made for it titled Avengers: Endgame.

Plot
The supervillain Thanos comes from a planet called Titan whose people are all dead because of overpopulation. To prevent the same thing from happening to other worlds, Thanos decides to kill half of all living beings on every planet in the entire Universe. To do that, Thanos tries to find six Infinity Stones and bring them together in a glove called an Infinity Gauntlet so that he can make anything he wants to happen with a snap of his fingers.

Thanos gets an Infinity Stone called the Power Stone by destroying the planet Xandar. He gets an Infinity Stone called the Space Stone by striking a deal with Loki in exchange for not killing Thor. He steals the Reality Stone from a person in space called the Collector, he gets the Soul Stone in exchange for killing his daughter Gamora. He strikes a deal with Dr. Strange to get the Time Stone in exchange for not killing Iron Man. He leads an alien invasion of Earth to get the Mind Stone from the robot superhero Vision by killing him. The Avengers, Spider-Man, Black Panther and the Guardians of the Galaxy all work together to stop Thanos.

Thanos then snaps his fingers and causes half of all living beings on every planet in the entire Universe to disappear from existence. There is a scene after the credits where Nick Fury successfully tries to signal someone who can do something about it but he gets killed by Thanos's snap.

References 

2010s action movies
2010s adventure movies
2018 science fiction movies
2010s sequel movies
2010s superhero movies
American action movies
American adventure movies
American epic movies
American fantasy movies
American heist movies
American science fiction movies
American sequel movies
Avengers movies
Disaster movies
Disney movies
English-language movies
Marvel Cinematic Universe movies
Movies based on comics
Movies set in Africa
Movies set in New York
Movies set in Scotland
American superhero movies
Time travel movies
Apocalyptic movies
Movies set in 2018
Hank Stuever

Hank Stuever is an American journalist working for the Washington Post. He writes for its Style section about entertainment.

Other websites
Hank Stuever on Twitter.

1968 births
Living people
Dublin and Monaghan bombings

The Dublin and Monaghan bombings happened in Dublin and Monaghan, Republic of Ireland on 17 May 1974. The Ulster Volunteer Force used 3 car bombs in Dublin and another one in Monaghan to kill 33 people and injure nearly 300 others. The bombings were the deadliest attack in the Troubles. It was also the deadliest attack in the Republic of Ireland's history.

Sources
 Barron Report:

References

Other websites
 Justice for the Forgotten – organisation of victims of the bombings and relatives
 Key Events – The Dublin and Monaghan Bombs, 17 May 1974 – Conflict Archive on the Internet, University of Ulster
 1974 Dublin Bombings collection of 148 photographs on the Dublin City Council public libraries website

1974 in Europe
1970s crimes in Europe
1970s disasters in Europe
1970s explosions
Monaghan bombings
Attacks on buildings and structures in the 1970s
Building bombings in Europe
Car and truck bombings in Europe

Mass murder in Europe
Mass murder in the 1970s
May events
Terrorist incidents in the 1970s
The Troubles
Jack Ü

Jack Ü is an American DJ duo, consisting of Mad Decent founder Diplo and Grammy award winning producer Skrillex, formed in 2013.

References

American DJs
Hexadecene

Hexadecene, also known as cetene, is an alkene containing 16 carbon atoms, with a molecular formula of C16H32. There are eight different structural isomers of hexadecene, depending on the location of the double carbon bond.

Alkenes
President of Gabon

This is a list of presidents of the African country of Gabon.

Key
Political parties

Status

List

References

Notes
301 Deansgate

Beetham Tower (also known as the Hilton Tower) is a landmark 47-storey mixed use skyscraper in Manchester, England. Completed in 2006, it is named after its developers, the Beetham Organisation, and was designed by SimpsonHaugh and Partners. The development occupies a sliver of land at the top of Deansgate, hence its elongated plan, and was proposed in July 2003, with construction starting a year later.

At a height of , it is the tallest externally complete building in Manchester and tallest outside London in the United Kingdom. It was described by the Financial Times as "the UK's first proper skyscraper outside London". From 2006 to 2018, the skyscraper was the tallest building in Manchester and outside London in the United Kingdom. In November 2018 it was surpassed by the newly topped out South Tower at Deansgate Square; which is  tall.

As a result of the elongated floor plan, the structure is one of the thinnest skyscrapers in the world with a height to width ratio of 10:1 on the east west façade, but is noticeably wider on the north south façade. A four-metre cantilever marks the transition between hotel and residential use on the north façade, and a blade structure on the south side of the building acts as a façade overrun accentuating its slim form and doubles as a lightning rod. The skyscraper is visible from ten English counties on a clear day.

Floors 1 to 22 are occupied by the 279-bedroom four-star Hilton Manchester Deansgate Hotel. The 23rd floor has a four-metre cantilevered overhang with two glass windows in its floor, overlooking the ground from the skybar, Cloud 23, the only such bar in Manchester. The floor has a bar and lounge operated by Hilton. Floors 25 to 47 are occupied by residential apartments.

The top floor penthouse offers views of Greater Manchester, the Cheshire Plain, the Pennines and Snowdonia. The tower is known for emitting a loud unintentional hum or howl in windy weather, believed to emanate from the glass 'blade' atop the building. The hum has been recorded as a B below middle C and can be heard over large parts of the local area.

Architectural response to the skyscraper is polarised and interpretations vary. Some questioned its dominant appearance over the city – particularly over listed buildings with one author going as far to say the skyscraper instantly "torpedoed" any possibility of Manchester becoming a UNESCO World Heritage City – a status Manchester was previously on the United Kingdom shortlist for due its industrial past.

Others feel its dramatic appearance and peculiarity is reflective of Manchester, and that the Beetham Tower symbolises Manchester's reinvention as a post-industrial city - particularly since the bombing of 1996. Nevertheless, it has received praise and was awarded the best tall building in the world in 2007 by the Council for Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat.

References

Manchester
Buildings and structures in England
Blake Camp

Blake Camp (born October 11, 1983) is an American soccer player.

Camp played some youth soccer in England and has trained with several prestigious professional clubs, including Manchester United and Blackburn Rovers in England, Real Valladolid in Spain, and Palmeiras in Brazil. After starring at Clarke Central High School in Georgia, where he was a four-time all-area performer, he played college soccer at Duke University. He became a regular starter and an all-ACC performer as a sophomore in 2003, then again in 2004 and 2005. In 2004, he was named to the NCAA Final Four All Tournament team. Camp was named to the Herman Trophy watch list in 2004 and 2005 and earned all-America honors as a junior and senior, finishing his collegiate career with 24 goals and the ACC Tournament MVP award as a senior.

References 

1983 births
American soccer players
Sportspeople from Georgia (U.S. state)
Living people
E-book reader

An e-reader, also called an e-book reader or e-book device, is a mobile electronic device that is designed primarily for the purpose of reading digital e-books and periodicals.

Any device that can display text on a screen may act as an e-reader, but specialized e-reader devices may optimize portability, readability (especially in sunlight), and battery life for this purpose. Their main advantages over printed books are portability since an e-reader is capable of holding thousands of books while weighing less than one and the convenience provided due to add-on features in these devices.

References 

Books
Computer science
Electronics
Zhongli District

Zhongli District () is a district in Taoyuan City, Taiwan. Zhongli is spelled variously as Jungli, Jongli, Jhongli or Chungli on railway, bus stop and road signs. Historically, the city is the site of the Jungli Incident of 1977, the most significant event of the democratization movement prior to the 1980s. Ethnically, it is considered a kind of capital city for the Hakka Taiwanese, who live in great numbers here and nearby; a lot of the elderly could speak Hakka in addition to Mandarin and Taiwanese Hokkien. Recently many foreign workers (mainly from the Philippines and Thailand) have also settled in and around the city because of the heavy industries in the suburbs of the city. It is a center for foreign laborers. The city of Zhongli has 3 large parks and over 70 green reserves in the city for residents of Zhongli to enjoy.

References

Counties of Taiwan
Acastus

Acastus (; Ancient Greek: Ἄκαστος) is a character in Greek mythology.  He sailed with Jason and the Argonauts, and participated in the hunt for the Calydonian Boar.

Family 
Acastus was the son of Pelias, then king of Iolcus, and Anaxibia (Philomache in some traditions). Acastus with his wife Astydameia (also called Hippolyte, daughter of Cretheus) had two daughters: Sterope (Στερόπη) and Laodamia, and a number of sons. Another daughter, Sthenele (Σθενέλη), was given by the Bibliotheca as the wife of Menoetius and mother of Patroclus.

Mythology 
After the return of the Argonauts, Acastus's sisters were manipulated by Medea to cut their father Pelias in pieces and boil them. Acastus, when he heard this, buried his father, and drove Jason and Medea from Iolcus (and, according to Pausanias, his sisters also), and instituted funeral games in honor of his father.  He thereafter became king of Iolcus.

Acastus purified Peleus of the murder of King Eurytion of Phthia. Acastus's wife (variously named in mythology; often Astydamia, but sometimes Hippolyte, daughter of Cretheus) fell in love with Peleus but he scorned her. Bitter, she sent a messenger to Antigone, Peleus's wife and daughter of Eurytion, to tell her that Peleus was to marry Acastus's daughter, Sterope.

Astydamia then told Acastus that Peleus had tried to rape her. Acastus took Peleus on a hunting trip and hid his sword while he slept, then abandoned him on Mt. Pelion to be killed by centaurs.  The wise centaur Chiron (or the god Hermes) returned Peleus' sword and Peleus managed to escape. With Jason and the Dioscuri, Peleus sacked Iolcus, dismembered Astydamia (and, in some accounts, Acastus himself), and marched his army between the pieces. Their kingdom later fell to Jason's son Thessalus.

References

People in Greek mythology
Presidential Commission of Uganda

The Presidential Commission of Uganda held the office of President of Uganda between 22 May and 15 December 1980. It was made up of the following:

 Saulo Musoke
 Polycarp Nyamuchoncho
 Yoweri Hunter Wacha-Olwol

Related pages
Uganda
President of Uganda

Uganda
Enniskillen bombing

The Enniskillen bombing took place on 8 November 1987 in Enniskillen, County Fermanagh, Northern Ireland. A Provisional Irish Republican Army bomb exploded near the town's centotaph during a Remembrance Sunday ceremony. The ceremony was commemorating members of the British Armed Forces who had been killed in wars.

References 

1987 in Europe
1980s building bombings
1980s explosions in Europe
1980s in Northern Ireland
1980s murders in the United Kingdom
Attacks on buildings and structures in Northern Ireland
Building bombings in the United Kingdom
Explosions in Northern Ireland
Mass murder in Northern Ireland
November events
Provisional Irish Republican Army
Terrorist incidents in the United Kingdom in the 1980s