Dinosaur Provincial Park

Dinosaur Provincial Park is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. It is about two and a half hours drive southeast of Calgary, Alberta, Canada.

The park is in the valley of the Red Deer River, which is noted for its badland topography. The park is one of the richest dinosaur fossil locales in the world. Forty dinosaur species have been discovered at the park and more than 500 specimens have been removed and exhibited in museums across the globe. The fossil assemblage of nearly 500 species, from microscopic fern spores to large carnivorous dinosaurs, justified it becoming a World Heritage Site in 1979.

Dinosaur Provincial Park Visitor Centre 
The Visitor Centre has exhibits about dinosaurs, fossils, and the geology and natural history of the park.  There is a video theater, fossil prep lab area, and a gift shop.  Public programs are offered in the summer.

John Ware's Cabin is a restored early 20th century cabin that was used by John Ware, an African-American cowboy and important figure in Alberta's ranching history.  The cabin is near the visitor center and is open on select days in the summer.

History 
The Park was set up on June 27, 1955 as part of Alberta's 50th Jubilee Year. The main aim was to protect the fossil beds. The park was recognised as a UNESCO World Heritage Site on October 26, 1979. Its significant badlands and riverside habitats, and the importance of the fossils found here, were listed as reasons.

Until 1985, discoveries made in the park had to be shipped to museums throughout the world for scientific analysis and display, including the Royal Ontario Museum in Toronto, the Canadian Museum of Nature in Ottawa, and the American Museum of Natural History in New York. This changed with the opening of the Royal Tyrrell Museum of Palaeontology 100 kilometers upstream in Midland Provincial Park. This has a mission to "collect, preserve, research and interpret palaeontological history with special reference to Alberta’s fossil heritage".

Nature 
The Park protects a very complex ecosystem with three communities: prairie grasslands, badlands, and riverside cottonwoods. Its ecosystem is surrounded by prairies. Choruses of coyotes are common at dusk, as are the calls of nighthawks. Cottontail rabbits, mule deer, and pronghorn can all be seen in the park; the prairie rattlesnake, bull snake and the red-sided garter snake are present as well. Curlews and Canada geese are among the 165 bird species that can be seen in the spring and summer. Some of the most northern species of cactus, including Opuntia (prickly pear) and Pediocactus (pincushion) can be seen in full bloom during the later half of June.

Geology 
The sediments of Dinosaur Provincial Park span 2.8 million years and three formations. The terrestrial Oldman Formation is at the base of the strata; the terrestrial Dinosaur Park Formation above, and the marine Bearpaw at the top. The Dinosaur Park Formation, which contains most of the fossils with articulated skeletons, was mostly laid down by large rivers in very warm temperate coastal lowlands. It was on the western margin of the Western Interior Seaway. The formation dates to about 75 million years ago. The Dinosaur Park Formation lasted about a million years.

Paleontology 
Dinosaur Provincial Park preserves an extraordinarily diverse group of freshwater vertebrates. Fish include sharks, rays, paddlefish, bowfins, gars, and teleosts. Amphibians include frogs, salamanders, and extinct albanerpetontids. Reptiles include lizards (such as the large monitor Paleosaniwa), a wide range of turtles, crocodilians, and the fish-eating Champsosaurus. Mammals such as shrews, marsupials, and squirrel-like rodents are also there, although usually only noticed by their fossilized teeth, rather than bones.

Mega-plant fossils are rare in the park, but pollen grains and spores collected from here suggest that these forests contained sycamore, magnolia and bald cypress trees, and Metasequoia.

The dinosaurs of the park are astonishingly diverse. They include:

Ceratopsia
 Leptoceratops 
 Centrosaurus 
 Styracosaurus 
 Pachyrhinosaurus
 Chasmosaurus  
 Vagaceratops 

Hadrosauridae
Corythosaurus
Gryposaurus 
Lambeosaurus 
Prosaurolophus 
Parasaurolophus

Ankylosauria
 Panoplosaurus
 Edmontonia
 Euoplocephalus 

Hypsilophodontidae
 Orodromeus

Pachycephalosauria
Stegoceras

Tyrannosauridae
 Daspletosaurus
 Gorgosaurus 

Ornithomimidae

Ornithomimus
Struthiomimus
 new ornithomimid species A

Caenagnathidae

Chirostenotes 

Dromaeosauridae
Dromaeosaurus 
Saurornitholestes
Hesperonychus 
 ?new dromaeosaur species A
 ?new dromaeosaur species B

Troodontidae
Troodon
 new troodontid species A

Classification Uncertain
Ricardoestesia

Birds of the Hesperornis type were present, as well as giant Pterosauria related to Quetzalcoatlus. multituberculates, Stagodont marsupials and placental mammals scurried underfoot.

References

Related pages 
Dinosaur Park Formation

Other websites

Dinosaur Provincial Park official site 
UNESCO World Heritage

Alberta
World Heritage Sites in Canada
Lagerstätten
Badlands
1955 establishments
1950s establishments in Canada
Parks in Canada