cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Davison, Michigan

Davison is a city in Genesee County in the U.S. state of Michigan and a suburb of Flint. The population was 5,536 at the 2000 census. Davison is located within Davison Township. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , which is all land. Davison was first settled in 1842 by Eleazer Thurston. Davison was named after Judge Norman Davison, who founded a nearby town formerly known as Davisonville, now known as Atlas.

References

Cities in Michigan
The Chiodo Brothers

The Chiodo Brothers (Stephen, Charles & Edward Chiodo, all born in Bronx, New York) are a group of sibling special effects artists. They are best known for their movie Killer Klowns from Outer Space and for making puppets and effects for movies such as Critters, Ernest Scared Stupid, and Team America: World Police. They made the detailed dioramas seen in the 2010 movie Dinner for Schmucks. The post-hardcore band Chiodos (originally called The Chiodos Bros) is named after them as a tribute.

Their studio has also made several clay animation segments on The Simpsons

References

Other websites
 
 
 

entertainers from New York City
Living people
The Saturdays

The Saturdays are a five person Anglo-Irish girl group. They were formed in 2007 in London. They released their first single, "If This Is Love" in 2008. The group consists of Una Healy, Mollie King, Frankie Sandford, Vanessa White and Rochelle Humes. They have sold over four million singles in the UK and Ireland.

Other websites
Official website

2007 establishments in the United Kingdom
2000s British music groups
2010s British music groups
British girl groups
English pop music groups
Musical groups established in 2007
Musical groups from London
Musical quintets
Viber

Viber is an application for iOS, Windows Phone and Android OS. It lets users make free phone calls and send free text messages to anyone who has the application installed. Viber works on both 3G and Wi-Fi networks. A version for BlackBerry devices is in the works, according to Viber. 

As of March 2017, this application is said to have 800 million registered users worldwide. In 2017, the app introduced a new feature "secret chats" wherein, the users are given an option to start conversations that self-destruct after a certain time limit.

Reference

 Fans website

Other websites 
 Official website

software
telecommunications
messaging
Portfolio management

Portfolio management refers to earning money by putting assets into different types of investments. The idea of portfolio management comes from the portfolio theory. This theory says that a person can reduce the risk of investment by having a diversified portfolio that has different types of securities of which some of them may cause a great return on the investment.

Finance
Yun Seon-do

Yun Seon-do (Korean:윤선도, June 22 1587 - June 11 1671) was a Korean politician, philosopher, and poet during the Joseon Dynasty. He was also called Gosan (고산, 孤山), Haeong (해옹, 海翁), or Yakyi (약이, 約而).

Work book 
 Gosansunsaengyugo(고산선생유고, 孤山先生遺稿)
 Byuljip(별집, 別集)
 Yakhwaje(약화제, 藥和劑)
 Chubangjeonsunchangyak(처방전선창약, 癬瘡藥)
 Hwaechungyak(회충약, 蛔蟲藥)
 Haesuyak(해수약, 咳嗽藥)
 Bokhakshinbang(복학신방, 腹학神方)
 Wooyukshinbang(우역신방, 牛疫神方)
 Ohseonjubang(오선주방, 五仙酒方)

Related pages
 Heo Mok
 Yun Hyu
 Jeong Gu
 Song Siyeol
 Jeong Yak-yong

Other websites 

 http://100.naver.com/100.nhn?docid=123646
 http://people.aks.ac.kr/front/tabCon/ppl/pplView.aks?pplId=PPL_6JOb_A1587_1_0008531 
 http://terms.naver.com/entry.nhn?docId=689760
 http://navercast.naver.com/contents.nhn?contents_id=465

1587 births
1671 deaths
South Korean politicians
Autobiographers
Poets
Kōan

For other uses, see Koan

The kōan (; ) are groupings of related questions and answers which are a paradox. The kōan may be a story which cannot be understood or explained easily.

The kōan can be a special kind of metaphor with a hidden meaning, such as "the sound of one hand clapping".

History
Kōans originate in the sayings and events in the lives of wise men and legendary figures. 
  
A kōan can refer to a story selected from Buddhist historical records and sutras.

The kōan is a fundamental part of the history and practice of Zen Buddhism.

Select examples
 "Firewood becomes ash and it does not become firewood again".
 "The verbal and the nonverbal are like vines clinging to a tree".

Classical kōan collections
 Blue Cliff Record or Account of the Blue Montains ; , is a collection of 100 kōans compiled in 1125 by Yuanwu Keqin (圜悟克勤 1063–1135).
 The Book of Equanimity or Book of Serenity ;   is a collection of 100 Kōans compiled in the 12th century by Hongzhi Zhengjue (宏智正覺 1091–1157)
 The Gateless Gate or the Gate with no Entrance ;  is a collection of 48 kōans and commentaries published in 1228 by Chinese monk Wumen (無門 1183–1260). The title may be more accurately rendered as Gateless Barrier or Gateless Checkpoint.

References

Other websites 
 The Gateless Gate 48 Zen kōans compiled in the early 13th century
 Book of Serenity  A collection of 100 kōans, originally compiled in the 12th century
 Life at the Monastery  – a humorous look at kōans
 Zen Buddhism Koan Study Pages
 Koan Collections and Studies
 Short Zen Poems, Koans – Collection of modern koans.
 Zen Koans: Transcending Duality – a list of kōans
 What is the sound of one hand clapping?

Metaphors
Buddhism
Facepalm

A facepalm (sometimes also face-palm or face palm) is when someone places their hand flat across their face or puts their face into their hand or hands. This gesture is found in many cultures. It can be done as a display of frustration, embarrassment, shock, or surprise.

References 

Non-verbal communication
Cinematic Sunrise

Cinematic Sunrise was an American rock band signed to Equal Vision Records. The members of the band were Craig Owens (vocals), Bradley Bell (piano), Bryan Beeler (guitar), Marcus VanKirk (bass), Nick Martin (guitar), and Dave Shapiro (drums). Their only released work, "A Coloring Storybook and Long Playing Record" included a coloring book and four colored pencils with the purchase of the EP. "Basically, the whole idea - everything about Cinematic Sunrise - is just happy and fun. And there's nothing more fun than coloring," explains vocalist Craig Owens about the decision to include the coloring book  with the EP.

History
Owens and Bell were both in Chiodos at the time Cinematic Sunrise formed. The group differs majorly from Chiodos's post-hardcore sound, as Cinematic Sunrise plays more of pop rock and pop punk. The group's debut EP, titled A Coloring Storybook and Long Playing Record, was released on May 13, 2008. Beeler recorded, and produced the EP. The EP barely reached the Billboard charts, at #196. The EP also hit #8 on the Top Heatseekers chart. It also got to #26 on the Top Independent Albums chart. The EP was re-released in late October 2008, with two new songs. This was because they ran out of the original copies, selling past 10,000 copies.

A Coloring Storybook and Long Playing Record

A Coloring Storybook and Long-Playing Record is the first and only EP by the band Cinematic Sunrise, who is a side project of Chiodos' Bradley Bell and Craig Owens. The pair's pop rock project is all about having a good time and making music that is innocent and fun to play. The record was first released with four color pencils. These would be used in a book that includes drawings of animals with pictures of the band members hidden somewhere in the coloring page. Craig Owens said in an interview that he wanted crayons, not colored pencils. He was supposedly not happy with Equal Vision's mistake.

On October 14, 2008, Equal Vision Records re-released A Coloring Storybook and Long-Playing Record. The re-release includes two bonus tracks. They were titled "If Lilly Isn't Back by Sunset" and "Crossing Our Fingers for Summer".

Track listing 
Source: Amazon

Other websites
Official Site

References

American rock bands
American pop music groups
Emo bands
Musical groups from Detroit, Michigan
Ten'yō

was a  after Kōji and before Kyūan.  This period started in February 1144 and ended in July 1145. During this time, the emperor was .

Events of the Ten'yō Era
 1144 (Ten'yō 1, 7th month): A comet was sighted in the sky.
 1145 (Ten'yō 1, 8th month): The empress Taiken-mon In, mother of former-Emperor Sutoku died.
 1145 (Ten'yō 1): The emperor went to Iwashimizu Shrine and to the Kamo Shrines.

Related pages
 Heian period

References

Other websites 
 National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection

Japanese eras
Kōji (Heian period)

was a  after Eiji and before Ten'yō.  This period spanned the year from April 1142 through February 1144.  The reigning emperor was .

Events of the Kōji Era
 1143 (Kōji 2, 1st month): Former Emperor Go-Toba, now known by the title Daijō Tennō or  or Hōō, visited his mother.
 1143 (Kōji 2, 5th month): Emperor Konoe lived simply.  His main activities were praying at Tōdai-ji and praying at the temples on Mount Hiei.

Related pages
 Heian period

References

Other websites 
 National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection

Japanese eras
Eiji (era)

was a  after Hōen and before Kōji.  This period started in July 1141 and ended in April 1142.  During this time, the emperors were  and .

Events of the Eiji Era
 1141 (Eiji  1, 3rd month): Former Emperor Toba became a Buddhist monk at age of 27.

 5 January 1132 (Eiji 1, 7th day of the 12th month): In the 18th year of Sutoku's reign, the emperor abdicated.  The succession (senso) was received by a younger brother.  Soon after, Emperor Konoe  accepted the monarch's role and duties and powers (sokui). This was confirmed in ceremonies.

Related pages
 Heian period

Reverences

Other websites 
 National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection

Japanese eras
Civic Star

The Civic Star () is a French award.

It was established by the Académie française in 1930.

The star distinguishes those who contribute to the enrichment of the community, improvement of social life,and the progress of Humanity. It is particularly for those whose lives are of hard work, sacrifice and would remain unknown without this award. It is divided into four degrees: Bronze, Silver, Gold and Silver-gilt.

The star's motto is  ('To honor the civic virtues - Serving national prestige').

References 

Orders, decorations, and medals of France
1930 establishments in Europe
1930s establishments in France
Hōen

was a  after Chōshō and before Eiji.  This period started in September 1135 ended in July 1141. During this time, the emperor was .

Events of the Hōen Era
 1136 (Hōen 2, 3rd month): The former-Emperor Toba hosted a grand dinner party.

 1138 (Hōen 4, 9th month): Toba went to Mount Hiei, where he stayed for seven days.

 2 May 1140 (Hōen 6, 14th day of the 4th month): The priests of the Buddhist temples on Mount Hiei joined together to burn down the Mii-dera.

Related pages
 Heian period

References

Other websites 
 National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection

Japanese eras
1135 establishments
1130s establishments in Japan
1141 disestablishments
12th-century disestablishments in Japan
Mathematical model

A mathematical model is a description of a system using mathematical concepts and language. The process of building a mathematical model is termed mathematical modeling. Mathematical models are used in the natural sciences (such as physics, biology, earth science, meteorology) and engineering disciplines (e.g. computer science, artificial intelligence). They are also used in the social sciences (such as economics, psychology, sociology and political science). Physicists, engineers, statisticians, operations research analysts and economists use mathematical models a lot.

Mathematical models can take many forms.  The types of models include: 
dynamical systems - for systems that change,
statistical models - for finding patterns in large groups of measurements or data, 
differential equations - to study how variables change over time, or 
game theoretic models - for studying how many independent decision makers can interact.
These and other types of models can overlap, with a given model involving a variety of abstract structures. Mathematical models can include logical models.  In many cases, the quality of a scientific field depends on how well the mathematical models built on theory agree with results of repeatable experiments.  When theoretical mathematical models do not match experimental measurements, scientists try to correct the model.  Such corrections lead the way to better theories to explain the facts.

More reading 
Books
 Bender, E.A. [ 1978 ] ( 2000 ). An Introduction to Mathematical Modeling, New York : Dover. 
 Gershenfeld, N., The Nature of Mathematical Modeling, Cambridge University Press, (1998). 
 Yang, X.-S., Mathematical Modelling for Earth Sciences, Dudedin Academic, (2008). 

Specific applications
 Peierls, Rudolf. Model-making in physics, Contemporary Physics, Volume 21 (1), January 1980, 3-17
 Korotayev A., Malkov A., Khaltourina D. ( 2006 ). Introduction to Social Macrodynamics: Compact Macromodels of the World System Growth. Moscow : Editorial URSS.

Other websites 
General reference material
 McLaughlin, Michael P. ( 1999 )
 Plus teacher and student package: Mathematical Modelling. Brings together all articles on mathematical modeling from Plus, the online mathematics magazine produced by the Millennium Mathematics Project at the University of Cambridge.

Philosophical background
 Frigg, R. and S. Hartmann, Models in Science, in: The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, (Spring 2006 Edition)
 Griffiths, E. C. (2010) What is a model?

References 

Mathematics
Natalie Cassidy

Natalie Ann Cassidy (born 13 May 1983) is an English actress and television personality from London. She is best known for her role as Sonia Jackson in EastEnders.

Cassidy was a contestant in the 2009 series of the reality programme Strictly Come Dancing. She was a housemate in Celebrity Big Brother 2012 (UK).

References

Other websites 

Actors from London
Celebrity Big Brother contestants
English television actors
People from Islington
Strictly Come Dancing participants
Television personalities from London
1983 births
Living people
Galactose

Galactose (from the Greek stem γάλακτ– galakt–, "milk") is a sugar. It has almost the same chemical structure as glucose. Large amounts of pure galactose do not exist in nature. Instead, galactose is usually found with glucose in lactose, a sugar found in milk and other milk products. After lactose is digested and absorbed, galactose arrives in the liver. There it is changed into either glucose or glycogen.

References

Carbohydrates
Chemical compounds
We Came to Kill

We Came to Kill is the second album of German aggrotech band Funker Vogt.

1997 albums
Funker Vogt albums
Thanks for Nothing

Thanks for Nothing is the first studio album by the German aggrotech band Funker Vogt.

1996 albums
Debut albums
Funker Vogt albums
Dance albums
Killing Time Again

Killing Time Again is the third studio album of German aggrotech band Funker Vogt.

1998 albums
Funker Vogt albums
Execution Tracks

Execution Tracks is the fourth studio album by the German aggrotech band Funker Vogt.

1998 albums
Funker Vogt albums
Maschine Zeit

Maschine Zeit is the fifth studio album by the German aggrotech band Funker Vogt.

2000 albums
Funker Vogt albums
Survivor (album)

Survivor is the seventh studio album by the German aggrotech band Funker Vogt.

2002 albums
Funker Vogt albums
Apuleius

Apuleius was a philosopher and rhetorician tried for using magic to win an older and richer bride. He's better known for his novel about the cult of Isis, the tale of Cupid and Psyche, and the adventures of its hero, Lucius.

Apuleius was born in about 125, in Madauros, Numidia. It is not known what his first name was, although writers in the Middle Ages often called him "Lucius Apuleius" because the hero of his novel was called Lucius. Apuleius was educated in Carthage and Athens, and then traveled around the Mediterranean learning about religious cults. In 158 he delivered a speech recorded as Apologia Apuleii 'The Apology of Apuleius' in the town of Sabratha, Tripolitania (modern Libya), as a defense against the charge of using magic to win a richer and older bride called Pudentilla. Apuleius, in his Apology, provides a glimpse into second century Roman law, the economic and social conditions of Roman North Africa, and the attitude towards magic.

Apuleius died in about 175 A.D., having written his novel, known as either The Golden Ass or The Metamorphoses (also Transformations of Lucius), and the Apology, as well as books on Plato, Socrates, and Aristotle.

References

Other websites 

Apuleius (123–180 CE) the Famous Berber writer 
Apulei Opera (Latin texts of all the surviving works of Apuleius) at The Latin Library
English translation of Florida by H. E. Butler (PDF)
English translation of the Apologia by H. E. Butler 
English translation of the God of Socrates by Thomas Taylor
English translation of the Apologia by H. E. Butler (PDF)
Apuleius – Apologia: Seminar  (Latin text of the Apologia with H. E. Butler's English translation and an English crib with discussion and commentary)
Apology as Prosecution: The Trial of Apuleius
 Apuleius' works: text, concordances and frequency list
 

120s births
170s deaths
Philosophers
Roman people
Novelists
Magic (paranormal)
Berber people
2011 England riots

Rioting took place in several English cities, and towns, between 6 and 10 August 2011. Looting and arson also took place at this time. The riots started when a demonstration took place, on 6 August, about the police's shooting of Mark Duggan in Tottenham, North London. It turned into a riot. Over the next few days, the riots spread to other places in London and then to other areas of England. The riots caused five deaths. 186 police officers were hurt. The University of Nottingham found that British people became more racist after the riots.

Shooting of Mark Duggan

On 4 August, a police officer shot and killed 29-year-old Mark Duggan during a traffic stop on the Ferry Lane bridge next to Tottenham Hale station. Friends and relatives of Duggan said that he was unarmed, but he was carrying a gun which a man was convicted of supplying to him.

Causes
On 12 August, historian David Starkey blamed black gangster culture. He said that "whites have become black". Max Hastings of the Daily Mail blamed a culture of welfare dependence.

References

2011 crimes
2011 in the United Kingdom
2010s crimes in London 
2010s crimes in the United Kingdom
2010s riots
Arson
August 2011 events
Looting
2011
Chutney

Chutneys are a condiment used in South Asian cuisine. They can be made as a tomato relish, a ground peanut relish, yoghurt, curd, or mint dipping sauce. They contain spice and vegetable or fruit mix.

Condiments
Hitachi Province

was an old province of Japan  in the area of Ibaraki Prefecture on the island of Honshū. It was sometimes called . 

The province had borders with Iwashiro, Iwaki, Shimōsa, and Shimotsuke Provinces.

The ancient capital city of the province was near Ishioka.

History

In the Meiji period, the provinces of Japan were converted into prefectures.  The maps of Japan and Hitachi Province were reformed in the 1870s.

Shrines and Temples
Kashima jinjū was the chief Shinto shrine (ichinomiya) of Hitachi.

Related pages
 Provinces of Japan
 Prefectures of Japan
 List of regions of Japan
 List of islands of Japan

References

Other websites 

  Murdoch's map of provinces, 1903

Former provinces of Japan
Izu Province

was an old province of Japan in the area of Shizuoka Prefecture on the island of on Honshū. It was also known as . 

Izu had borders with Sagami and Suruga Provinces.

History

During the Edo period, the Tōkaidō road passed through northern Izu. Travelers from Edo to Kyoto stopped at the post town (shuku-eki) at Mishima. 

In the 1850s, Shimoda was opened to American trade.  The first American Consulate in Japan was opened at the temple of Gyokusen-ji in Shimoda. 

In the Meiji period, the provinces of Japan were converted into prefectures.  The maps of Japan and Izu Province were reformed in the 1870s. 

The Izu Peninsula is today the eastern portion of Shizuoka Prefecture. The Izu Islands are considered part of Tokyo.

Shrines and Temples
Mishima taisha was the chief Shinto shrine (ichinomiya) of Izu.

Related pages
 Provinces of Japan
 Prefectures of Japan
 List of regions of Japan
 List of islands of Japan

References

Other websites 

  Murdoch's map of provinces, 1903

Former provinces of Japan
Shizuoka Prefecture
Yamato Province

was an old province of Japan in the area of Nara Prefecture on the island of Honshū. It was also called . 

The ancient capital city of the province was Wakigami in Katsujō District.  When the capital of Japan was moved to Heijō-kyō, the capital of the province was established in Takaichi District.  The exact locations are not known.

History

In the Meiji period, the provinces of Japan were converted into prefectures.  Maps of Japan and Yamato Province were reformed in the 1870s.

The battleship Yamato was named after this ancient province. The Yamato was the flagship of the Imperial Japanese Navy fleet during World War II,

Shrines and Temples
Ōmiwa jinja was the chief Shinto shrine (ichinomiya) of Yamato.

Related pages
 Provinces of Japan
 Prefectures of Japan
 List of regions of Japan
 List of islands of Japan

References

Other websites 

  Murdoch's map of provinces, 1903

Former provinces of Japan
Nara Prefecture
Billy Connolly

Sir William "Billy" Connolly CBE (born 24 November 1942) is a Scottish actor, comedian and  musician. Sometimes, he is known as The Big Yin (The Big One in Scottish).

Early and personal life 
Connolly was born at home in Anderston, Glasgow. He grew up in a tenement in the same inner-city area. Connolly has five children. He is married to Pamela Stephenson, the mother of his three youngest children. 

In 2013, he was diagnosed with Parkinson's disease and had surgery for prostate cancer. In January 2019, Connolly said he was "nearing the end of his life" as his Parkinson's advanced.

Career 
Connolly has acted in many movies including: Indecent Proposal (1993), Mrs. Brown (1997), The Boondock Saints (1999), The Debt Collector (1999), The Man Who Sued God (2001), The Last Samurai (2003) and Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events (2004). He provided his voice for the movies Open Season (2006) and Brave (2012). 

Connolly has been repeatedly voted Britain's best comedian by television viewers. He is also a folk musician and television presenter. 

Connolly was nominated for a BAFTA award for his role in the movie Mrs. Brown. He was given a CBE in 2003.

References

Other websites
Official website

1942 births
Living people
Actors from Glasgow
British folk musicians
British stand-up comedians
British television writers
Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
Musicians from Glasgow
People with cancer
People with Parkinson's disease
Scottish comedians
Scottish movie actors
Scottish musicians
Scottish television actors
Scottish television presenters
Scottish voice actors
Scottish writers
Television personalities from Glasgow
Kai Province

, also known as , is an old province in Japan in the area of Yamanashi Prefecture on the island of Honshū.

History

During the Sengoku period, the warlord Takeda Shingen ruled Kai from his stronghold at Kōfu. After the Takeda, the area was controlled by the Tokugawa clan.

In the Meiji period, the provinces of Japan were converted into prefectures. The maps of Japan and Kai Province were reformed in the 1870s.

The area was briefly renamed Kōfu Prefecture; and it was renamed Yamanashi Prefecture in 1871.

Geography
Kai is west of Tokyo. The province is landlocked. It is in a mountainous region that includes Mount Fuji along its border with Shizuoka Prefecture.

Shrines and Temples
Asama jinja was the chief Shinto shrine (ichinomiya) of Kai.

Related pages
 Provinces of Japan
 Prefectures of Japan
 List of regions of Japan
 List of islands of Japan

References

Other websites 

 Murdoch's map of provinces, 1903

Former provinces of Japan
Yamanashi Prefecture
Dewa Province

is an old province of Japan in the area of Yamagata Prefecture and Akita Prefecture on the island of Honshū. It was sometimes called .

History

In 708, Dewa-no kuni was separated from Echigo. 

In 712,  Dewa and Mutsu Province were reorganized  

Shiba Kaneyori received the Dewa Province as a fief from Ashikaga Takauji in 1335.

In the Meiji period, the provinces of Japan were converted into prefectures.  The maps of Japan and Dewa Province were reformed in the 1870s.

Shrines and Temples
Ōmonoimi jinja was the chief Shinto shrine (ichinomiya) of Dewa.

Related pages
 Provinces of Japan
 Prefectures of Japan
 List of regions of Japan
 List of islands of Japan

References

Other websites

  Murdoch's map of provinces, 1903

Former provinces of Japan
Yamagata Prefecture
Akita Prefecture
708 establishments
700s establishments in Japan
Revivor

Revivor is the eighth studio album by the German aggrotech band Funker Vogt.

2003 albums
Funker Vogt albums
Navigator (album)

Navigator is the ninth studio album by the German aggrotech band Funker Vogt.

2005 albums
Funker Vogt albums
Shinano Province

or  is an old province of Japan in the area of Nagano Prefecture on the island of Honshū. Shinano bordered on Echigo, Etchū, Hida, Kai, Kōzuke, Mikawa, Mino, Musashi, Suruga, and Tōtōmi Provinces. 

The ancient capital city of the province was near Matsumoto.

History

The boundaries of Mutsu were formally established during the reigns of Empress Genshō and Empress Kōken.

In 713, the road between Mino Province and Shinano Province was widened.  There were increasing numbers of travelers on this road.

In the Meiji period, the provinces of Japan were converted into prefectures.  Maps of Japan and Shinano Province weres reformed in the 1870s.

The World War II–era Japanese aircraft carrier Shinano was named after this old province.

Shrines and Temples
Suwa taisha was the chief Shinto shrine (ichinomiya) of Shinano.

Related pages
 Provinces of Japan
 Prefectures of Japan
 List of regions of Japan
 List of islands of Japan

References

Other websites 

  Murdoch's map of provinces, 1903
 Hokusai,  A View of Mount Fuji across Lake Suwa, circa 1831

Former provinces of Japan
Nagano Prefecture
Rafinha Bastos

Rafael Bastos Hocsman, better known by his stage name Rafinha Bastos (born December 5, 1976 in Porto Alegre, Brazil) is a Brazilian comedian, journalist and television personality.

References

Other websites
  Official Site  (In Portuguese)
  

Brazilian actors
Brazilian comedians
Brazilian journalists
Brazilian television personalities
Living people
1976 births
People from Porto Alegre
Matt Lucas

Matthew Richard Lucas (born 5 March 1974) is a British actor, comedian, and writer. He is best known for Little Britain, a comedy sketch programme he and David Walliams wrote and performed.

Lucas was born and raised in London. He is from a Jewish family and is openly gay. He has alopecia.

References

Other websites 

1974 births
Living people
Actors from London
British screenwriters
British television producers
British television writers
Comedians from London
English LGBT people
English movie actors
English television actors
English voice actors
Gay Jews
Jewish British actors
Jewish British writers
LGBT actors
LGBT comedians
LGBT writers
Writers from London
Wendy Richard

Wendy Richard born Wendy Emerton, (20 July 1943 – 26 February 2009) was a British actress. She is best known for her roles as Miss Brahms in Are You Being Served? and as Pauline Fowler in EastEnders.

She was born in Middlesbrough, North Riding of Yorkshire. She lived in London for most of her life. She died of metastatic breast cancer there.

References

Other websites

1943 births
2009 deaths
Actors from London
Actors from Yorkshire
Cancer deaths in London
Deaths from breast cancer
English movie actors
English television actors
People from Middlesbrough
Alasdair MacIntyre

Alasdair Chalmers MacIntyre (born 1929) is a Scottish philosopher. He is best known for work on moral and political philosophy. He is also known for his work in history of philosophy and theology. He is Senior Research Fellow at the Centre for Contemporary Aristotelian Studies in Ethics and Politics (CASEP) at London Metropolitan University, and an Emeritus Professor of Philosophy at the University of Notre Dame.

Works 
 After Virtue (1981)
 Whose Justice? Which Rationality? (1988)
 Three Rival Versions of Moral Inquiry (1990)
 Dependent Rational Animals (1999)

British philosophers
Scottish people
1929 births
Living people
Palace of Culture and Science

The Palace of Culture and Science is the second-tallest building in Poland. It is in Warsaw. It is 237 metres high.

Related pages 
 Parade Square

Buildings and structures in Poland
Warsaw
Destroy Rebuild Until God Shows

Destroy Rebuild Until God Shows (also known as D.R.U.G.S.) is an American post-hardcore band. They formed in 2010. D.R.U.G.S released their debut self-titled album on February 22, 2011. It was met with generally positive reviews. AbsolutePunk gave the album a 78%.

Self-titled debut album D.R.U.G.S 
On November 11, 2010, Destroy Rebuild Until God Shows released their first song, "If You Think This Song Is About You, It Probably Is." On December 6, 2010, they released their second song, "Mr. Owl Ate My Metal Worm." This was followed by "Sex Life", released on January 18, 2011, which is the first single from the album. The album sold 14,000+ copies and peaked at #29 on the Billboard 200. Since then, it has hit #1 on Billboards Hard Rock charts.

Track listing

References

American rock bands
Post-hardcore bands
Musical groups from Michigan
Denise Welch

Jacqueline Denise Welch (born 22 May 1958) is an English actress and television personality. She is most famous for her roles as Natalie Barnes in the long-running ITV soap opera Coronation Street from 1997 to 2000 and her long-running role as french teacher Steph Haydock in the BBC One school-based drama series Waterloo Road from 2006 to 2010. She is also known for her appearances as a regular panellist on the ITV chat show Loose Women firstly in 2002, and then from 2005 to 2013, and 2018 onwards. In late 2020, Welch joined the cast of the Channel 4 soap opera Hollyoaks, playing the role of Trish Minniver, and made her on-screen debut in January 2021. Welch departed the show in January 2022.

Welch's other acting roles include the television dramas Spender from 1991 to 1993, Soldier Soldier from 1993 to 1995 and Down to Earth from 2004 to 2005. In 2011, she was a contestant on the sixth series of Dancing on Ice, where she was partnered with professional skater Matt Evers and in 2012, she won the ninth series of Celebrity Big Brother.

Personal life
Welch was born in Tynemouth, Northumberland and currently lives in Cheshire.

Welch confessed that her marriage was nearly ruined because of her mental illness, as well as an affair she had during her depression. In April 2010, her 320-page autobiography Pulling Myself Together was published, in which she describes how she overcame her problems with alcohol, drugs and depression. It became a best-seller in the UK.

References

Other websites

1958 births
Living people
English television actors
English movie actors
English television presenters
British television talk show hosts
Big Brother winners
Celebrity Big Brother contestants
Dancing on Ice participants
Actors from County Durham
Georgia Engel

Georgia Bright Engel (July 28, 1948 – April 12, 2019) was an American actress. She was the voice of Bobbie in the Open Season franchise.  She was also on The Mary Tyler Moore Show and on Everybody Loves Raymond.  She had two Emmy nominations for both shows. She was born in Washington, D.C..

She played a good witch in the 2007 recurring role of Esmeralda on the NBC soap opera Passions.

Engel died of unknown causes in Princeton, New Jersey on April 12, 2019 at the age of 70.

References

Other websites

 

1948 births
2019 deaths
American movie actors
American stage actors
American television actors
American voice actors
Actors from Washington, D.C.
Kazusa Province

was an old province of Japan in the area of Chiba Prefecture on the island of Honshū.  It was also known as  or . 

The ancient capital city of the province was in or near Ichihara, Chiba.

History

Kazusa was originally part of a larger territory known as , which was divided into Kazusa Province and Shimōsa Province during the reign of Emperor Kōtoku (645-654). Part of Kazusa was made into Awa Province during the reign of Empress Genshō.  

In the Meiji period, the provinces of Japan were converted into prefectures.  The maps of Japan and Kazusa Province were reformed in the 1870s.

Shrines and Temples
Tamasaki jinja was the chief Shinto shrine (ichinomiya) of Kazusa.

Related pages
 Provinces of Japan
 Prefectures of Japan
 List of regions of Japan
 List of islands of Japan

References

Other websites 

  Murdoch's map of provinces, 1903

Former provinces of Japan
Chiba Prefecture
Equal Vision Records

Equal Vision Records is a record label based in Albany, New York. The record label focuses in metal or punk-based rock genres. Equal Vision Records was founded in the early 1990s by Ray Cappo. In July 2009, Equal Vision Records made a sub-label named "Mantralogy." This sub-label will feature bands that "deliver edgy, Krishna-conscious music."

References

Other websites 
 

American record labels
Albany, New York
1990 establishments in New York (state)
Gary Sinise

Gary Alan Sinise (born March 17, 1955) is an American stand-up comedian, actor, director, voice artist, and comedian. He as in the movies Of Mice and Men, Forrest Gump, George Wallace, and Open Season.  Since 2004, Sinise has starred in CBS's CSI: NY as Detective Mac Taylor.

Sinise has won many awards including an Emmy and a Golden Globe Award and was nominated for an Academy Award. He was awarded the Presidential Citizen Medal by George W. Bush for work he did supporting the U.S Military and supporting Iraqi children.

Personal life
Sinise has been married to actress Moira Harris since 1981 and they have three children: Sophie Anne (b. 1988), McCanna Anthony (b. 1990), and Ella Jane (b. 1992).

Filmography

References

Other websites

 

American movie actors
American television actors
Comedians from Illinois
American movie directors
American voice actors
Actors from Illinois
1955 births
Living people
Presidential Citizens Medal recipients
Emmy Award winning actors
Golden Globe Award winning actors
Jon Favreau

Jonathan Kolia "Jon" Favreau (; born October 19, 1966) is an American stand-up comedian, actor, director, screenwriter, voice artist, and comedian. He appeared in such movies as Elf (in which he was also the director) and Open Season (but got replaced by Matt Taylor for the rest of the series). He is also known for directing Iron Man and The Jungle Book.

References

Other websites
 

1966 births
Living people
American movie actors
American stand-up comedians
American movie directors
American voice actors
American screenwriters
Actors from New York City
Writers from New York City
Comedians from New York City
Crispin Glover

Crispin Hellion Glover (born April 20, 1964) is an American actor. He has acted in such movies as Back to the Future, Epic Movie (where he did a parody of the Willy Wonka played by Johnny Depp) and the Open Season series as Fifi. 

In the late 1980s, Glover started his company, Volcanic Eruptions.  The company publishes his books and also is the production company for his movies, What Is It? and It is Fine. Everything is Fine!.

Glover has written between 15 and 20 books.  He makes the books by reusing old novels and other publications which are in the public domain due to their age.  He rearranges text, blacks out certain standing passages, and adds his own prose and sometimes images.

His father is actor Bruce Glover. His mother was Betty Glover who died in 2016.

Filmography

References

Other websites
 

1964 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
Comedians from New York City
Actors from New York City
Associação Sportiva Sociedade Unida

Associação Sportiva Sociedade Unida is a football club which plays in Brazil.

Brazilian football clubs
Rio Grande do Norte
2002 establishments in South America
2000s establishments in Brazil
Gemma Arterton

Gemma Christina Arterton (born 12 January 1986) is a British actress. She was born and raised in Gravesend, Kent and lives in London.

Background
Gemma was born on 1986 and studied at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art. She starred in St Trinian's, was a Bond girl in Quantum of Solace and played the title character in Tamara Drewe. She co-starred with Justin Timberlake in the 2013 film Runner Runner.

She was nominated for the Orange Rising Star Award in 2011.

References

Other websites 

1986 births
Living people
Actors from Kent
Actresses who played Bond girls
Alumni of the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art
English movie actors
English stage actors
English television actors
Gravesend
Kia Corporation

Kia Corporation formerly known as Kia Motors  (, ) is a car company. The headquarters are in Seoul, South Korea. It is the second-largest automobile manufacturer in that country, after Hyundai Motor Company. Kia sold of over 1.4 million vehicles in 2010. The company is partly owned by the Hyundai Motor Group. Hyoung-Keun (Hank) Lee has been president since August 2009.

The word Kia comes from Korean words meaning "to arise to the world from Asia".

Models

Passenger cars
Cadenza/K7
cee'd/cee'd SW/pro_cee'd
Forte/Cerato
Forte Koup
Morning/Picanto
Opirus/Amanti
Optima/Magentis
Rio/Rio5/Pride
Soul
Venga
K9
Rino
Carnival/Sedona

SUVs and vans
Carens/Rondo
Carnival/Sedona
Joice
Mohave/Borrego
Sorento
Sportage
Telluride

Commercial vehicles
K2700/Strong/3000S/2500TCI- KMC only
K4000s – KMC only
AM928 – KMC only
Granbird – KMC only
Combi

References

Companies of South Korea
Automobile companies
1944 establishments in Asia
Transport in South Korea
20th-century establishments in South Korea
Hyundai Motor Company

Hyundai Motor Company  (Hangul : 현대 자동차 주식회사; Hanj : 現代自動車株式會社; , Hyŏndae, ) is a Korean car company. It is based in Seoul, South Korea. Along with Kia, it makes up the Hyundai Kia Automotive Group. The group is the world's fourth largest maker of cars as of 2009.  As of 2011, it is the world's fastest growing automaker for two years in a row. In 2008, Hyundai (without Kia) ranked as the eighth largest automaker. In 2010, Hyundai sold over 3.6 million vehicles worldwide. In 2015 Hyundai announced it would spin-off its Genesis car as a separate luxury brand, that will compete with other luxury brands like Buick, Lexxus, Acura etc.

Models
Hyundai i40
Pony
Atos/Atoz/Santro
Click/Getz/Getz Prime/TB
Verna/Accent
Sonata/i45
Stellar
Elantra/Avante/Lantra
i10
i20
i30/i30cw/Elantra Touring
Lavita/Matrix
Santamo (Rebadged Mitsubishi Chariot; originally produced by Hyundai Precision Industry)
Grandeur/Azera/XG (Originally a joint project of Hyundai and Mitsubishi)
Genesis (soon to be spun off as a standalone marque)
Equus/Centennial (Originally a joint project of Hyundai and Mitsubishi)
Coupé/Tiburon/Tuscani
Genesis Coupe
Hyundai Getz
Excel
Dynasty

SUVs and vans
Entourage (Similar to the Kia Sedona)
Galloper (Rebadged Mitsubishi Pajero; originally produced by Hyundai Precision Industry)
Grace (1st generation was a rebadged Mitsubishi Delica)
H-1/H-200/iMax/i800/Libero/Satellite/Starex
HD1000 (Minibus/Porter)
Porter (1st generation was a rebadged Mitsubishi Delica)
Santa Fe
Starex/Grand Starex/i800/H-1
Terracan
Trajet
Tucson/JM/ix35
Veracruz/ix55

Commercial vehicles
 HM 1620 urban bus
 HM 1630 suburban bus
Hyundai 4.5 to 5-ton truck (Rebadged Mitsubishi Fuso Fighter)
Hyundai 8 to 25-ton truck (Rebadged Mitsubishi Fuso Super Great)
Aero (Rebadged Mitsubishi Fuso Aero Bus)
Aero City
Aero Town (e-Aero Town)
Bison & 3ton Truck
Chorus
County (e-County)
Hyundai DQ-7
e-Mighty
Hyundai FB
HD160
HD170
Mega Truck
New Power Truck
Nova (made by Ghabbour Group in Egypt)
Mighty (Rebadged Mitsubishi Fuso Canter)
Mighty II
Hyundai RB
Super Truck Medium
Super Truck
Trago
Universe
O303 Benz Bus

Concept car
HCD-I
HCD-II
HCD-III
HCD-6
HCD-7
HCD-8
HCD-9 Talus

References

Companies of South Korea
Automobile companies
1967 establishments in Asia
Transport in South Korea
20th-century establishments in South Korea
Paedophryne

Paedophryne is a genus of microhylid frogs from Papua New Guinea. All six species known so far are amongst the smallest frog and vertebrate species.

Paedophryne amauensis 
Paedophryne amauensis is a recently discovered species of frog from Papua New Guinea. Only  long, it is the world's smallest known vertebrate.

Discovery 
The frog species was discovered in August of 2009 by Christopher Austin when exploring Papua New Guinea. The National Science Foundation sponsored the exploration.

Characteristics 
The frog is a millimeter smaller than the previous record holder for being the world's smallest vertebrate – a species of carp (Paedocypris progenetica) from Indonesia. The frog mainly lives on land. According to its discoverers, the life cycle of the frog does not include a tadpole stage.

References 

Frogs
Travis Lane Stork

Travis Lane Stork, MD (born March 9, 1972, in Fort Collins, Colorado) is an American emergency physician and television personality. He is best known for being The Bachelor, and as the host of the syndicated daytime talk show, The Doctors.

Medical career
Stork graduated magna cum laude from Duke University, and earned his M.D. from the University of Virginia. He completed his emergency medicine residency at Vanderbilt University Medical Center in Nashville, Tennessee. Before returning to Vanderbilt as a faculty physician, he worked as an attending physician in a private hospital system in Colorado. Dr. Stork currently splits his time between Nashville and Los Angeles, where he hosts the syndicated television show "The Doctors".

The Bachelor
While Stork was finishing his residency program, he met the producers of The Bachelor by chance. They invited him to interview for the show. In 2006, Stork was the bachelor during season 8 of The Bachelor. During the season finale of the show, Stork chose school teacher, Sarah Stone, who coincidentally lived only a few blocks away from his residence. He proposed a relationship instead of marriage. After the series ended, they broke up. In May 2011 Travis got engaged to his girlfriend of two years, Dr. Charlotte Brown, a Nashville native.

The Doctors
In 2007 Stork was selected to serve as the lead host on The Doctors, a Los Angeles-based daytime medical/talk show, produced by Jay McGraw, son of Dr. Phil McGraw, which debuted in September 2008. On the show, Stork heads a panel of three other physicians from different fields (pediatrics, plastic surgery and obstetrics) as they discuss health issues and answer audience questions. The idea came about from a series of Dr. Phil show segments. Stork has been a frequent contributor on Dr. Phil.

Books

References

Other websites 

1972 births
Living people
American physicians
Participants in American reality television series
Scientists from Colorado
Scientists from Tennessee
Brad Womack

Stephen Bradley Womack (born November 10, 1972 in Atlanta, Georgia) is an American entrepreneur. He is the co-owner of Austin, Texas bars Dizzy Rooster and Chugging Monkey. Brad has an identical twin brother named Chad. He is best known to the American television audience as the bachelor of the eleventh season of the reality dating show The Bachelor  in which he became the first Bachelor not to choose either of the two finalists.  In 2011, Womack returned for a second turn as The Bachelor.

References

Other websites
ABC Brad Womack bio 
Brad Womack pictures and bio

1972 births
Living people
Businesspeople from Atlanta, Georgia
Businesspeople from Texas
Participants in American reality television series
Hida Province

is an old province of Japan in the area of Gifu Prefecture on the island of Honshū. It was sometimes called .

History

 
In the late 1580s, Kanamori Nagachika occupied Hida Province.  Kanamori's heirs held the province through the Edo Period when it came under direct rule by the Tokugawa shogunate.

In the Meiji period, the provinces of Japan were converted into prefectures.  The maps of Japan and Hida Province were reformed in the 1870s.

Shrines and Temples
Hidaichinomiya-Minashi jinja was the chief Shinto shrine (ichinomiya) of Hida.

Related pages
 Provinces of Japan
 Prefectures of Japan
 List of regions of Japan
 List of islands of Japan

References

Other websites 

  Murdoch's map of provinces, 1903

Former provinces of Japan
Gifu Prefecture
Kōzuke Province

was an old province of Japan in the area of Gunma Prefecture on the island of Honshū. It is also known as  or .

The ancient capital city of the province was near Maebashi.

History

In the Nara period, Kōzuke was part of Keno Province.  This was changed in the reforms of the Taihō Code in 701.

In the Meiji period, the provinces of Japan were converted into prefectures.  The maps of Japan and Kōzuke Province were reformed in the 1870s.

Shrines and Temples
Ichinomiyanukisaki jinja was the chief Shinto shrine (ichinomiya) of Kōzuke.

Related pages
 Provinces of Japan
 Prefectures of Japan
 List of regions of Japan
 List of islands of Japan

References

Other websites

  Murdoch's map of provinces, 1903

Former provinces of Japan
Gunma Prefecture
Mino Province

, one of the List of Provinces of Japan, encompassed part of modern-day Gifu Prefecture on the island of Honshū. It was sometimes called . 

Mino had borders with Echizen, Hida, Ise, Mikawa, Ōmi, Owari, and Shinano Provinces.

The ancient capital city of the province was near Tarui. The main castle town was at Gifu.

History

In 713, the road crossing through Mino and Shinano provinces was widened to accommodate increasing numbers of travelers.

In 1600, the Battle of Sekigahara took place at the western edge of Mino, near the mountains between the Chūbu region and the Kinki region.

In the Meiji period, the provinces of Japan were converted into prefectures.  The maps of Japan and Mino Province were reformed in the 1870s.

Shrines and Temples
Shitori jinja was the chief Shinto shrine (ichinomiya) of Mino.

Related pages
 Provinces of Japan
 Prefectures of Japan
 List of regions of Japan
 List of islands of Japan

References

Other websites 

  Murdoch's map of provinces, 1903

Former provinces of Japan
Gifu Prefecture
Cody Cameron

Cody Cameron (born October 12, 1970) is an American voice actor, writer, animator, director, artist, and screenwriter. He is the voice of many characters; this includes Pinocchio and the Three Little Pigs in the Shrek series and Mr. Weenie in the Open Season series.

Career
Cameron first started his career at DreamWorks Animation and wrote dialogue and storyboarding for the Shrek movies, Shark Tale, and the 2005 Madagascar movie.

In 2004, he decided to leave DreamWorks to join a brand new job at Sony Pictures Animation, where he worked as an actor in the Open Season series as Mr. Weenie, directed Open Season 3 and The ChubbChubbs Save Xmas (in which he also co-wrote), and worked as a story artist on Surf's Up and the Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs movies.

Filmography

Television

References

Other websites
 

1970 births
Living people
American voice actors
American movie actors
American television actors
American movie directors
Patrick Warburton

Patrick John Warburton (born November 14, 1964) is an American actor and voice artist. He has been in many movies such as the Emperor's New Groove series, the Space Chimps movies, the Open Season franchise and the Buzz on Maggie series. He was on Family Guy. He played Jeff Bingham in Rules of Engagement.

Filmography

Film

Television

Video games

Web

References

Other websites

1964 births
Living people
Actors from New Jersey
American movie actors
American stand-up comedians
American television actors
American voice actors
People from Paterson, New Jersey
Comedians from New Jersey