cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
480



Events

By place

Europe 
 Odoacer stops an attempt by Julius Nepos to gain control of Italy again, and has Julius killed.
 Odoacer takes control of Dalmatia.
 Ireland: The Diocese of Connor is put up.

Asia 
 Narasimhagupta Baladitya follows his father Skandagupta as king of the Gupta Empire.

Births 
 Anicius Manlius Severinus Boethius, a Christian philosopher, was born.
 Damascius, a Neoplatonist philosopher, was born.
 Gelimer, the last king of the Vandals, was born.
 Benedict of Nursia, an early monasticist, was born (approximate date)
 Scholastica, the twin sister of Benedict of Nursia, was born.
 Xiao Zhaowen, the emperor of China's Southern Qi Dynasty (who was often known as the Prince of Hailing), was born.

Deaths 
 Julius Nepos, the last legitimate Western Roman Emperor, was killed.
 Skandagupta, the ruler of the Gupta Empire, died.
Magden

Magden is a municipality of the district of Rheinfelden in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.

Other websites 
Official site

Municipalities of Aargau
Mägenwil

Mägenwil is a municipality in Baden in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.

References 

Municipalities of Aargau
Mandach

Mandach is a municipality in Brugg in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.

References

Municipalities of Aargau
Meisterschwanden

Meisterschwanden is a municipality of the district of Lenzburg in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.

Municipalities of Aargau
Mellikon

Mellikon is a municipality of the district of Zurzach in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.

Municipalities of Aargau
Mellingen

For the town in Thuringia, see Mellingen, Germany.

Mellingen is a municipality in Baden in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.

References 

Municipalities of Aargau
Cities in Switzerland
Altoids

Altoids are a brand of breath mints and candies that have been sold since the 1800s. There are many different flavors for each product.

Flavors and Varieties

Mints 

Mints are sold in tin boxes, are round, and come in six flavors: Peppermint, Cinnamon, Wintergreen, Spearmint, and Arctic Strawberry

Sours 

Sours are hard candies that are round. They come in six flavors: Tangerine, Citrus, Raspberry, Apple, Mango, and Passion Fruit.

Gum 

Altoid gum is sugar-free, which means there is no sugar inside the gum. They come in six flavors: Peppermint, Spearmint, Cinnamon, Wintergreen, Cherry, and Apple.

Breath Strips 

Breath Strips came in two flavors: Cinnamon and Peppermint. Since 2007, the product was discontinued, which means that the company is not selling them anymore.

Other websites 
The official Altoids website

Candy
Menziken

Menziken is a municipality of the district of Kulm in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.

Other websites 
 Webcams in Menziken

Municipalities of Aargau
Merenschwand

Merenschwand is a municipality of the district of Muri in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.

The municipality of Benzenschwil merged on 1 January 2012 into Merenschwand.

Municipalities of Aargau
The Red Jumpsuit Apparatus

The Red Jumpsuit Apparatus is an American band. Since the band formed in 2003 in Jacksonville, Florida, they have made four albums and five EPs.

Band members 
 Ronnie Winter - Singer
 Elias Reidy - Guitar
 Joey Westwood - Bass
 Duke Kitchens - Guitar
 Jon Wilkes - Drums

Discography

Albums

References

Other websites 
 Official website
 SynthesisRadio.net interview and live footage 
 The Red Jumpsuit Apparatus on MySpace
 The Red Jumpsuit Apparatus on Last.fm
 Teaser website 
 The Red Jumpsuit Apparatus  On PureVolume
 The Red Jumpsuit Apparatus Interview by Florida Entertainment Scene
 Interview from November 2007 

American rock bands
American punk bands
Emo bands
Post-hardcore bands
Musical groups from Florida
Musicians from Jacksonville, Florida
2000s American music groups
Monción

Monción is a city and municipality of the Santiago Rodríguez province, in northwestern Dominican Republic. Its old name was Guaraguanó, a Taíno name that sometimes is used. The Municipio of Monción was founder by Joaquin Izquierdo, Anastasio Valle, Tomás Genao, Luis José Saldá, Dionicio Bueno y Siriaco Peralta.

History
The town was founded by people that came to look for gold in the Mao river and other rivers of the region. Later, some families came to live here to cut the many trees, mainly pines, that were around the town.

On 9 April 1884, it was created the Puesto Cantonal de Guaraguanó in the Monte Cristi province. "Puesto Cantonal" was similar to a municipality; in English, "County (Military) Post". On 23 March 1898, the name of Guaraguanó was changed to the present name, Monción, in honor of Benito Monción, one of the heroes of the Restoration War against Spain.

When the Santiago Rodríguez province was created in 1948, Monción was one of the municipalities of that new province.

Population
The municipality had, in , a total population of 11,753: 6,069 men and 5,684 women. The urban population was  of the total population.

Geography
Monción is on the northern side of the Cordillera Central ("Central mountain range") and has a total area of , about  of the total area of the province of Santiago Rodríguez. The city is an elevation of , and at  to the southeast of Sabaneta, the capital of the province.

It does not have any municipal district (a municipal district is a subdivision of a municipality).

The municipality of Monción has the Valverde province to the north, the Santiago province to the west and south, and the municipality of Sabaneta to the west.

Climate
Monción has a tropical wet and dry/savanna climate (Köppen-Geiger classification: Aw) with a pronounced dry season in winter.

The average amount of rainfall for the year in the city is . The month with the most precipitation on average is May with  of rainfall, followed by October with .

The driest season is winter. The month with the least rainfall on average is January with an average of  and the second is February with .

Monción is in a warm region; the average temperature for the year is . The warmest month, on average, is August with an average temperature of . The coolest month on average is January, with an average temperature of .

Economy
The main economic activity of the municipality is farming. Monción is the centre of production of casabe (a kind of bread, of Taíno origin, made with the flour of manioc).

References

Settlements in the Dominican Republic
1884 establishments
1880s establishments in the Dominican Republic
Guayacanes

Guayacanes is a village in the province of Ciego de Ávila, Cuba.

Other websites 
Information on Guayacanes (Spanish)
Maps of Guayacanes
Geographical data of Guayacanes 

Settlements in Cuba
Villages in North America
American Cooperative School of Tunis

The American Cooperative School of Tunis or ACST is a comprehensive non-profit private high school in Tunis, Tunisia. The school has more than 500 students in grades K-12,

The school is widely known for its International Baccalaureate Diploma Program which it has used since 2000. It is currently the only IB World School in Tunisia.

History
The American Cooperative School of Tunis was founded in 1959, originally as an American Grade School only teaching Grades K-8.  A ninth grade was added in 1982 and a tenth grade in 1993.  Eleventh and twelfth grade was added in 1995 and 1996 respectively with the first graduating class being the class of June 1997.

References

Other websites
Official Website

Schools
Tunis
Non-profit organizations
1959 establishments
Ginny Weasley

Ginevra "Ginny" Molly Weasley is a fictional character of J.K. Rowling's famous series of fantasy novels, Harry Potter. She is a Gryffindor. Ginny was born on August 11th 1981, thus making her one year younger than Harry Potter. She developed a crush on Harry when she first lays her eyes on him. Harry doesn't develop a crush on her until her fifth year. He later breaks up with her to keep her safe from Voldemort. She later marries Harry and they have three children; James Sirius, Albus Severus and Lily Luna Potter. Ginny is described as a freckled young girl with flaming red hair, which she often wear in a mane closely resembles a lion's mane. She is the youngest child of the Weasley family and the only daughter in seven children: Bill, Charlie, Percy, Fred, George, Ron, and Ginny. She is also the only girl to born into the Weasley family in seven consecutive generations. In the Harry Potter films she is portrayed by Bonnie Wright.

Harry Potter characters
Fictional characters introduced in 1997

en:Dumbledore's Army#Ginny Weasley
Fucking Åmål

is a 1998 Swedish movie that was distributed in most English speaking countries as Show Me Love.
The movie was written and directed by Lukas Moodysson and was his first full-length movie. Alexandra Dahlström and Rebecka Liljeberg are  "Elin" and "Agnes". Fucking Åmål  won four Guldbagge Awards at the 1999 awards ceremony. The movie was not filmed in Åmål, the city that gives the name to the movie, but in Trollhättan, another small city in Sweden. The movie is really famous in lesbian environments around the world.

Plot summary
The movie tells the story of two girls, Agnes and Elin, who go to school in the small town of Åmål. Elin is outgoing and popular, but finds her life unsatisfying and dull. Agnes, by contrast, has no friends and is constantly depressed. Agnes has a crush on Elin, but cannot find any way to express it. Agnes's parents worry about their daughter and try to make her happy. They throw a birthday party for her, but Agnes is afraid no one will come. Her friend, a girl in a wheelchair, shows up and Agnes shouts at her in front of her parents, telling her they are only friends because no one wants to make friends with either of them. Elin arrives late at Agnes's house, mainly as an excuse to avoid going to a different party, where there will be a boy she wants to avoid. Elin's older sister, Jessica, who comes with her, dares her to kiss Agnes, who is rumoured to be a lesbian. Elin fulfils the dare, and then runs away. Elin soon discovers that she is attracted to Agnes but is afraid to admit it. She pretends to be in love with Johan Hult, the boy she avoided at the start. She loses her virginity to him, but later breaks up with him, telling him that she is in love with someone else, truly she understand that boys want just sex from the girls, so she try to see around herself, and she discovers the love for Agnes. Elin and Agnes eventually show each other's feelings at the end of the movie, where, after a climactic scene in a school bathroom, they decide to "out" their relationship to all students in the school.

Awards
 Amanda Awards, Norway: Best Foreign Feature Film (1999)
 Atlantic Film Festival: Best International Feature (1999)
 Teddy Award: Best Feature Film (1999)
 Bodil Awards: Best Non-American Film (2000)
 European Film Awards: Best Film (1999)
 GLAAD Media Awards: Outstanding Film (Limited Release) (2000)

Other websites
 Fucking Amal  scene to scene
 
  Film trailer (1998) 
 Portal-like fan site , in English and Slovak.

1990s LGBT movies
1998 movies
Swedish LGBT movies
Swedish romance movies
Swedish comedy movies
Swedish drama movies
Movies directed by Lukas Moodysson
Mateo Alemán

Mateo Alemán y de Enero (Seville, Spain, 1547 – 1615? in Mexico) was a Spanish writer.

He graduated at Seville University in 1564 and later studied at Salamanca and Alcalá. From 1571 to 1588 held a post in the treasury. He was descended from Jews who were made to converted to Catholicism after 1492. One of his forebears had been burned by the Inquisition for secretly continuing to practice Judaism.  In 1599, he published the first part of Guzmán de Alfarache. It was a well liked book which was printed in at least sixteen editions in five years. 

In 1571 he married Catalina de Espinosa. It was not a happy marriage. He was constantly in money difficulties and was imprisoned for debt at Seville at the end of 1602.

In 1608, Alemán moved to America. It is said that he worked as a printer in Mexico.  His Ortografía castellana (1609), published in Mexico, contains ideas for the reform of Spanish spelling.  Nothing is known of Alemán after 1609, but it is sometimes believed that he was still living in 1617.

References

Spanish writers
1547 births
1610s deaths
Rebecka Liljeberg

Rebecka Månstråle Liljeberg (born 13 May 1981) is a Swedish actress.

She was born in Turinge, about 40 km southwest of Stockholm, and moved around Sweden for much of her youth. Liljeberg's mother was relatively young when she was born, and her parents divorced when she was one year old. At the age of 9 (1991), Liljeberg began her acting career when she won a role in the series Sunes jul. Between 1993 and 1997, she became played in amateur theatre, which she continued with until gaining a role in the movie Närkontakt later in 1997.  The following year she won her breakthrough role in the Lukas Moodysson movie Fucking Åmål. For the movie she stopped his study in high school to take up the role, which ultimately won her the 1999 Guldbagge Award for Best Actress, together with Alexandra Dahlström. After her roles in Fucking Åmål and Sherdil, Liljeberg began an adult education course in order to graduate from high school. While studying, she also played in Bear's Kiss, and voiced a character in the Swedish version of IMAX movie T-Rex: Back to the Cretaceous. In 2002, she completed the adult education course, and is now studying medicine at the Karolinska Institute to become a pediatrician.

Private Life
Liljeberg is known to enjoy working with computers. She wrote for a Swedish newspaper Svenska Dagbladet for some time. Liljeberg also contributed to UNESCO's Utrymme anthology of twenty works from young writers around the world. Liljeberg now lives in Stockholm with her boyfriend Alexander Skepp. They have two children: Harry Theodor, born in June 2002 and Vera, born on 1 January, 2005. Liljeberg expressed a desire to work with director Lukas Moodysson again.

Filmography

Sunes jul (1991) (series)
Närkontakt (1997)
Längtans blåa blomma (series) (1998)
Fucking Åmål (1998)
Lithivm (1998)
Där regnbågen slutar (1999)
Sherdil (1999)
Skärgårdsdoktorn (2000)
Födelsedagen (2000)
Eva & Adam (2000)
Bear's Kiss (2002)

References

Other websites

1981 births
Living people
Swedish actors
Alexandra Dahlström

Alexandra Dahlström (born February 12, 1984) is a Swedish actress. She was born in Gävle, Sweden, and grew up in Stockholm. Her mother is Russian, and her father Swedish. She speaks Swedish, Russian, French, German, English, and Italian.

Career
Dahlström gained international attention in 1998, after starring as "Elin" in the movie Fucking Åmål. For this, she won the Guldbagge Award for Best Actress, together with Rebecka Liljeberg. After "Fucking Åmål" she receiving numerous offers to work in other movies, but she declined the offers, because she wanted to concentrate on finishing school. In 2002, Dahlström worked as assistant director and Russian translator,for Lukas Moodysson, with his movie Lilya 4-ever. From the 5 March 2007 Alexandra will be participating in the Dutch soap opera Goede Tijden, Slechte Tijden on RTL 4. She will play a Swedish exchanges student called Skylar Nilsson.

Personal life
She lived alone in Stockholm after graduating high school. She continued to act in theatre. After a several-year break, Dahlström again starred in the movie Fröken Sverige (Miss Sweden) gaining nice comments. During the autumn of 2004 she was the DJ for the biggest late night talk show in Sweden, called 'Late Night with Luuk', which she had been originally interviewed on in May 1998 with Rebecka Liljeberg for her acting in Fucking Åmål. After completing her studies, she now lives in Rome, Italy and is again pursuing a serious acting career.

Filmography
 Sanning eller konsekvens (1997)
 St. Mikael (series) (1998)
 Fucking Åmål (1998)
 Kranes konditori (theatre play) (1999)
 In bed with Santa, aka Tomten är far till alla barnen (1999)
 En vacker värld (theatre play) (2001)
 La Carpe (short movie) (2001)
 Fröken Sverige (2004)
 Goede Tijden, Slechte Tijden (TV series in The Netherlands) (2007)

Other websites 
 Alexandra Dahlström fansite 
 
 Swedish story about new life as DJ 

Child actors
Swedish movie actors
Swedish television actors
1984 births
Living people
Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs of Germany

The Federal Ministry of Work and Social Affairs (BMAS) is a ministry of the Federal Republic of Germany . It was part of the Federal Ministry of economy and work () between 2002 and 2005.

Office building

A part of the ministry is based in Berlin-Mitte. When the Bundestag and government moved to Berlin in 1999 the BMA moved into buildings in the Jägerstraße/ Wilhelmstraße. A large part of the ministry stayed in Bonn. Originally the building at Wilhelmstraße 49 was a stately home. After 1826 it was used by the Hohenzollern Prince Karl.

The building housed the press department of the Reichsregierung (National government) of the Weimar Republic between 1918 and 1933. Under the Third Reich it was the Ministry of Public Enlightenment and Propaganda of Dr Joseph Goebbels.

After Wartime damage was repaired, the Central Council of the National Front moved in 1947. Later the Central Council of the German Democratic Republic occupied the building. The study of the first and only president of the DDR, Wilhelm Pieck, is there. It was restored between 1996 and 2000.

Federal ministers

Federal Minister for Work 1949 to 1957
1949-1957: Anton Storch (CDU)

Federal Minister for Work and Social Affairs 1957 to 2007
 1957-1965: Theodor Blank (CDU)
 1965-1969: Hans Katzer (CDU)
 1969-1976: Walter Arendt (SPD)
 1976-1982: Herbert Ehrenberg (SPD)
 1982-1982: Heinz Westphal (SPD)
 1982-1998: Norbert Blüm (CDU)
 1998-2002: Walter Riester (SPD)
 2002-2005: Wolfgang Clement (SPD) Minister for Economy and Labour
 2002-2005: Ulla Schmidt (SPD) Minister for Health and Social Security
 2005-2007: Franz Müntefering (SPD)
 2007-2009: Olaf Scholz (SPD)
 2009: Franz Josef Jung (CDU)
 2009-2013: Ursula von der Leyen (CDU)
 2013-: Andrea Nahles (SPD)

Functions 
The BMAS was involved in promoting the new Code of Social Law II, sometimes called Hartz IV.

The ministry also supervises the

Bundesagentur für Arbeit federal Labour agency ("Jobcentres" as they are known in the UK);

Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin. Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health

Europe
The European Court of Justice found that Germany did not properly enforce the Working Hours Directive. This was a job BMAS should have done.
Ministry of Family Affairs, Senior Citizens, Women and Youth

The Federal Ministry of Family, Senior Citizens, Women and Youth () (BMFSFJ) is a ministry of the Federal Republic of Germany. Although the headquarters are in Berlin, more people work in the Bonn office.

Different ministries, for example Labour and Social Affairs, can affect families, the elderly, women and youth. The BMFSFJ watches what these ministries do and provides specialised help.

History 
1953
Created as the Federal Ministry for Family Questions ().
1957
renamed the Federal Ministry Family and Youth Questions ()

1963
renamed Federal Ministry of Family and Youth ()

1969
took over the Federal Ministry of Health () to become the Federal Ministry of Youth, Family and Health ()

1986
renamed the Federal Ministry of Youth, Family, Women and Health, ().

1991
Divided up into the
Federal Ministry of Health()
Federal Ministry of Women and Youth ()
Federal Ministry of Family and Senior Citizens ()

1994
Rejoined to make the present Federal Ministry of Family, Senior Citizens, Women and Youth, .

Federal Ministers 

Federal Minister for Family Questions (1953 to 1957), Family and Youth Questions (1957-1963) or Family and Youth (1963 to 1969)
 1953-1962: Franz-Josef Wuermeling (CDU)
 1962-1968: Bruno Heck (CDU)
 1968-1969: Aenne Brauksiepe (CDU)

Federal Minister for Youth, Family and Health (1969 to 1986), Youth, Family, Women and Health (1986–1991)
 1969-1972: Käte Strobel (SPD)
 1972-1976: Katharina Focke (SPD)
 1976-1982: Antje Huber (SPD)
 1982-1982: Anke Fuchs (SPD)
 1982-1985: Heiner Geißler (CDU)
 1985-1988: Rita Süssmuth (CDU)
 1988-1991: Ursula Lehr (CDU)

Federal Minister for Women and Youth 1991 to 1994
 1991-1994: Angela Merkel (CDU)

Federal Minister for Family and Senior Citizens 1991 to 1994
 1991-1994: Hannelore Rönsch (CDU)

Federal Minister for Family, Senior Citizens, Women and Youth since 1994
 1994-1998: Claudia Nolte (CDU)
 1998-2002: Christine Bergmann (SPD)
 2002-2005: Renate Schmidt (SPD)
 2005-2009: Ursula von der Leyen (CDU)
 2009-2013: Kristina Köhler (CDU)
 2013-2017: Manuela Schwesig (SPD)
 since 2017: Katarina Barley (SPD)
Cubit

Cubit is the name for any one of many units of measure used by various ancient peoples and is among the first recorded units of length.

The cubit is based on measuring by comparing – especially rope and textiles, but also for timber and stone – to one's forearm length. The Egyptian hieroglyph for the unit shows this symbol. It was used through antiquity, the Middle Ages up to early modern times.

The distance between thumb and another finger to the elbow on an average person is about 24 digits or 6 palms or 1½ feet (45.72 cm or 18 inches). This so-called "natural cubit" of 1½ feet is used in the Roman system of measures and in different Greek systems.

Over time, units similar in type to the cubit have measured:
 6 palms  =  24 digits, i.e. ~45.0 cm or 18 inches (1.50 ft)
 7 palms  =  28 digits, i.e. ~52.5 cm or 21 inches (1.75 ft)
 8 palms  =  32 digits, i.e. ~60.0 cm or 24 inches (2.00 ft)
 9 palms  =  36 digits, i.e. ~67.5 cm or 27 inches (2.25 ft)

From late antiquity, the Roman ulna, a four-feet-cubit (about 120 cm) is also known. This is the measure from a man's hip to the fingers of the outstretched opposite arm.

The English yard has a long legal history, but its origin is not known. The English ell is essentially a kind of great cubit of 15 palms, 114 cm, or 45 inches (3.75 ft).

Related pages
 Units of measurement

References 

 Recovery of the ancient system of length units by Dieter Lelgemann , former Director of the Institute for Geodesy and Geo-Information Technology, TU Berlin .
 On the ancient determination of meridian arc length by Eratosthenes of Kyrene. Dieter Lelgemann, WS – History of Surveying and Measurement, Athens, Greece, May 22-27, 2004.

Other websites 
 Measurements of the Nippur Ell, now in a museum in Istanbul (Turkey).

Units of length
Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development of Germany

The Federal Ministry of Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ) is a ministry of the Federal Republic of Germany. The ministry's headquarters are in what used to be the Bundeskanzleramt (the Federal Chancellor's Office building) in Bonn, with a second office in the Europahaus, in Berlin.

History 
The BMZ was founded 1961, as the Ministry for Economic Cooperation. Lots of different ministries had a little to do with helping the economies of foreign countries. These jobs were all taken away and given to the new ministry. It became the "Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development" on 23 January 1993. The change was to show that Germany was not just interested in working with Less Developed Countries, but in helping those countries as well.

Ministers

Job 
The BMZ main job is help to other countries to develop and become richer. It does this by giving money and other aid.

The BMZ also oversees giving money to international organisations and private charities which can help the BMZ's main job.

The money that Germany gives to the European Development Fund, the World Bank and regional development banks is paid by the BMZ.

The BMZ also makes sure that countries which get money are democratic and have a good human rights record.

Germany thinks that giving this help is so important that the BMZ is a member of the Federal Security Council, which helps to make sure that Germany is safe and at peace.

Aims 
 Halving the number of people in the world that suffers from poverty and hunger
 Making a basic school education possible for all children
 Promoting equality between men and women
 Lowering the number of child mortality
 Improving the health of the mothers
 Fighting HIV/AIDS, malaria and other illnesses
 Improving the protection of the environment
Haskovo

Haskovo is a town in southeastern Bulgaria. Around 96,000 people live there. It celebrated the 1,000th anniversary in 1985.

History
Archeologists (people who study stuff from long ago) say that people started to live in the Haskovo area about 7,000 years ago.  

During the 9th century, a fortress was built, and soon after, a town was built around the fortress.  The town was located on a big piece of land between the Klokotnitsa, Harmanliyska, and Maritsa rivers.

In 1395, the Eski camii (the Old Mosque) was built as one of the first in the Balkans.

In 1782, the town was known as Marsa (Arab name).

Most Bulgarians started living in Haskovo in the 19th century.  The town was a trading center for merchants (people who sell stuff) from Edirne, Enos, and Istanbul. The area became known for producing cotton, silk fabrics, and carpets. At the Treaty of Istanbul in 1913, after the second Balkan Wars, a population exchange was made by the Ottoman Empire with the Kingdom of Bulgaria, 9714 Muslim's (Turks and Xoraxane Roma) from Haskovo was expelled to East Thrace in Ottoman Empire, and 9472 Orthodox Christian (Bulgarians) from Edirne was expelled to North Trace at Kingdom of Bulgaria.

Other websites

 Haskovo municipality website
 Online guide of Haskovo
 Haskovo.net 
 Haskovo municipality at Domino.bg 
 Haskovo.info
 Haskovo.biz

Towns in Europe
Settlements in Bulgaria
Athens, Alabama

Athens is a city in Limestone County, Alabama. It is also the county seat of that county.

In the year 2000, Athens had a population of about 21,000 people. Athens has an area of about 39 miles and sits at 798 feet above sea level.

References

County seats in Alabama
Cities in Alabama
1818 establishments in Alabama Territory
Ell

The English unit of length ell is usually 45 inches. That means 1.143 m (for the international inch). It came from the length of the arm from the shoulder (or the elbow) to the wrist, although the exact length was never defined in English law.

Several different national forms existed, with different lengths: the Scottish ell (about 37 inches), the Flemish ell (about 27 inches) and the Polish ell (0.78 metres, about 31 inches).

This unit has mostly fallen out of use, as have others based on the human arm: 
digit (1/60 ell)
finger (7/360 ell) 
palm (1/15 ell)
hand (4/45 ell)
shaftment (2/15 ell)
span (1/5 ell) 
cubit (2/5 ell)

Sometimes ell is used as an other word for the cubit.

An ell-wand or ellwand was a rod of length one ell used for official measurement.   Edward I of England ordered that every town should have one.

References

Units of length
Mettau, Switzerland

Mettau was a municipality, in the new municipality of Mettauertal and district of Laufenburg in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.

Former municipalities of Aargau
Möhlin

Möhlin is a municipality of the district of Rheinfelden in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.

References

Other websites 
 Official website 

Municipalities of Aargau
Cities in Switzerland
Mönthal

Mönthal is a municipality of the district of Brugg in canton of Aargau in Switzerland.

References 

Municipalities of Aargau
Moosleerau

Moosleerau is a municipality of the district of Zofingen in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.

Municipalities of Aargau
Möriken-Wildegg

Möriken-Wildegg is a municipality in Lenzburg in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.

References 

Municipalities of Aargau
Muhen

Muhen is a municipality of the district of Aarau of the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.

Municipalities of Aargau
Gorgona, Italy

Gorgona is an island in the Tuscan Archipelago, a group of islands off the west coast of Italy.

It is one of only five islands in the world on which the Corsican Finch is found.The island is famous for its anchovies.  Tradition holds that monks from Gorgona rescued the relics of Saint Julia of Corsica before they were carried to the mainland in the 8th century. 

Islands of Italy
Mühlau

Mühlau is a municipality of the district of Muri in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.

Municipalities of Aargau
Mülligen

Mülligen is a municipality of the district of Brugg in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.

Municipalities of Aargau
Tuscan Archipelago

The Tuscan Archipelago is a chain of islands between the Ligurian Sea and Tyrrhenian Sea, west of Tuscany, Italy.

The archipelago contains the islands of Elba (the largest island of the group), Pianosa, Capraia, Montecristo, Giglio, Gorgona and Giannutri, all of which are protected as part of the Tuscan Archipelago National Park.

Other websites
Tuscan Archipelago National Park website 

Archipelagos
Islands of Italy
Pianosa

Pianosa is a small (about 10 km2) island in Italy's Tuscan Archipelago. The name is derived from the latin word "planasia" (plain) because its highest point is some 22 meters over sea level. Pianosa has no permanent residents. It is known in Italy for a maximum-security prison, where especially dangerous Mafia criminals are held. For administration, Pianosa is part of the Elba island municipality. On clear days, it can be seen from that island as a dark blue line over the lighter blue sea.

In the novel Catch-22, a U.S. Army Air Corps bomber squadron is based on the island during World War II,

There is another, even smaller island called Pianosa off the Adriatic coast of Italy.

Other websites
 Tourist information 

Islands of Italy
Capraia

Capraia, is an island of Italy, part of the Tuscan Archipelago, off the northwest coast, belonging to the Province of Livorno. It is 62 km from the city of Livorno by sea, and 32 km northwest of the island of Elba. It is of volcanic origin, has an area of 19 km² and its highest point is 466 m above sea level. As of 31 December 2004, the comune (municipality) of Capraia Isola had a population of 366

The island produces wine, and is a centre of the anchovy fishery. It became Genoese in 1527 and was strongly fortified. In 1796 it was occupied for a short time by Horatio Nelson. Part of the island was formerly occupied by an agricultural penal colony, but it was shut down in 1986. Most of the island has been made into a national park. About 40 km to the north is the island of Gorgona, which is also famous for its anchovies.

Other websites
 Tourist information
 News

Islands of Italy
Tuscany
Montecristo

Monte Cristo is a small Italian Island, about 4.3 kilometers across at its widest point, about halfway between Corsica and mainland Italy; south of Elba and west of Giglio. It is part of the Tuscan Archipelago. The island is probably best known as a fictional setting in the novel The Count of Monte Cristo by  Alexandre Dumas, père.

Monte Cristo is Italian for “The mountain of Christ".

The island is remote and kept by the Italian government as a nature preserve and hunting park, and only accessible by private yacht and permit. There are no structures on the island.

Islands of Italy
Giglio

Giglio Island (Italian: Isola del Giglio) is an island and Italian commune located in the Tyrrhenian Sea, off the coast of Tuscany, part of the Province of Grosseto, and part of Tuscan Archipelago

Geography 
The island is separated by a 16 km stretch of sea from the Argentario promontory: mainly mountainous, it is almost all granite with the highest point the Poggio della Pagana (496 m). 90% of its surface is covered by Mediterranean vegetation alternating with large pine forests and numerous vineyards which enable the production of the famous "Ansonaco" wine. The coast is 27 km long, made up of rocks, of smooth cliffs and several bays: Arenella, Cannelle, Caldane and Campese, the biggest one with its little village of the same name.

History 
The modern island was probably born 4.5 - 5 millions years ago, and people have lived there since the Iron Age. Later it was probably an Etruscan military stronghold. Under the Romans it was an important base in the Tyrrhenian Sea, written about, for example, by Julius Caesar in his De Bello Gallico and by the poet Rutilius Claudius Namatianus.

In 805 it was given by Charlemagne to the abbey of the Tre Fontane in Rome, and was later a possession of Aldobrandeschi, Pannocchieschi, Caetani, Orsini families and the town of Perugia. In 1241 the Sicilian fleet of Emperor Frederick II destroyed a Genoese fleet. From 1264 Giglio was a Pisane dominion, from which it passed to the Medici. It suffered several Saracen attacks, which ended only in 1799.

Alongside its history the island was always renowned for its mineral resources: many columns and edifices in Rome were built with the Gigliese granite.

How the island was 
The island has the remains of a Roman villa of Domitius Ahenobarbus (1st-2nd centuries), in the area of Giglio Porto. No traces of the Temple of Diana once existing now can be seen. The church of San Pietro Apostolo in Giglio Castello has an ivory crucifix believed to be by Giambologna

It is also site of an Etruscan shipwreck, dating to the early Iron Age, c. 600 BC. The cargo of the ship included copper and lead ingots, iron spits, amphorae and a Corinthian helmet. Even a wooden writing tablet with stylus was preserved. The finds are almost completely lost now.

Transportation 
Isola del Giglio is connected to Tuscany by ferries starting from Porto Santo Stefano and Orbetello Scalo.

References

Other websites
 Tourist and Visitor Information for the Giglio Island www.giglioinfo.com

Islands of Italy
Settlements in Tuscany
Giannutri

Giannutri is a small island in the Mediterranean Sea off the coast of Tuscany, Italy. It is the most southern island of the Tuscan Archipelago.

Its tourist attractions include Villa Domizia, an ancient Roman seaside villa.

Gallery 

Islands of Italy
Orange, Ohio

Orange is a village of Cuyahoga County, Ohio, United States.   It is a suburb of the big city of Cleveland.  The population was 3,236 people as of 2000.

Orange was first settled in 1815, and was founded as a township in 1820.  In 1831, Orange became the birthplace of United States president James A. Garfield.

Orange was made into a village in 1929.

References

Other websites
Orange Village website

Villages in Ohio
McDonnell Douglas AH-64 Apache

The AH-64 Apache is an attack helicopter that first flew in 1975 and has been produced since 1984. It was designed by Hughes Helicopters, but that later became McDonnell Douglas, which later became Boeing. It is designed to attack things on the ground to help soldiers. To do this, it can carry 16 AGM-114 Hellfire missiles, along with rocket pods, and a 30mm chain gun that can fire 625 rounds per minute. It can carry 1,200 bullets. It can also carry missiles like the AIM-9 Sidewinder to shoot down things in the air if it is attacked by fighter aircraft or other helicopters.

AH-64 details 

The AH-64 is 49.11 feet (14.97 meters) long, 17.16 feet (5.23 meters) wide, and 16.24 feet (4.95 meters) tall. Without anything, it weighs 11,799 pounds (5,352 kilograms). Full, it weighs 22,282 pounds (10,107 kilograms). It is powered by 2 General Electric T700-GE-701C engines. It can go 162 miles per hour (261 kilometers per hour), can fly 1,181 miles (1,900 kilometers) without refueling, can fly 9,478 feet (2,889 meters) high, and can climb 2,415 feet a minute (736 meters a minute).

The AH-64's users 

The AH-64 has been used by the United States. It was first used in Operation Just Cause. It has also been used by Israel, Japan, Netherlands, United Kingdom, Kuwait, Greece, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, and Singapore.

Concept and Building History 

The need of a new and highly secure helicopter was first felt in the beginning of the 1990s. The great military power, the British Army, identified this need and by February 1993 they finalised the need with an invitation to bid for the design, construction and trial of the new concept.

Among the bidding companies were: Boeing and Sikorsky with the RAH-66 Comanche, Agusta with the A129 Mangusta, British Aerospace and Eurocopter with the Tiger, GEC Marconi and Bell Helicopter the Cobra Venom, and Westland and McDonnell Douglas with the AH-64 Apache. The decision was taken later in July in 2005 and the winning aircraft builder was Westland and McDonnell Douglas with the Apache. One year later in 2006 the tow Parties signed a contract for 67 helicopters. This is how the WAH-64D Apache era started.

The 67 WAH-64D Apache attack helicopters were built by the merged companies Boeing and McDonnell Douglas (1997) and Westland between 1999 and 2004. The first aircraft was built by Boeing and delivered to the Army in March 1999, followed by the Westland, who built their first aircraft in 2000 and delivered in July 2000. The last aircraft was built and delivered in July 2004.
.

References 

Military aviation
Helicopters
Military of Japan
Israel Defense Forces
Netherlands
Greece
United Arab Emirates
Saudi Arabia
British military aircraft
United States military aircraft
Aberdeen, Ohio

Aberdeen is a village of Brown County, Ohio, United States, along the Ohio River. The population is 1,603 people as of 2000.

The village has an area of 1.7 square miles.

Aberdeen was made in 1816 along the north shore of the Ohio River, at a site where a ferry was in service.

References

Villages in Ohio
Adamsville, Ohio

Adamsville is a village of Muskingum County, Ohio, United States. The population is 127 people as of 2000.

The village has an area of .1 square miles, according to the United States Census Bureau.

References 

Villages in Ohio
Adell, Wisconsin

Adell is a village of Sheboygan County, Wisconsin, United States. The population is 517 people as of 2000.  Adell has an area of .5 square miles, thanks to the United States Census Bureau.

Hildegarde, an American cabaret singer, was born in Adell.

References

Villages in Wisconsin
Sheboygan County, Wisconsin
Albany, Wisconsin

Albany is a village of Green County in the state of Wisconsin in the United States. The population of Albany was 1,191 people as of 2000.  It has an area of 1.3 square miles, thanks to the United States Census Bureau.

Villages in Wisconsin
Green County, Wisconsin
Allouez, Wisconsin

Allouez is a village of Brown County in the state of Wisconsin in the United States.  The village has a population of 15,443 people as of 2000.  The village has an area of 5.2 square miles, thanks to the United States Census Bureau.

Some notable people who lived in Allouez are:  Vince Lombardi, Paul Gigot, and Nick Matzke.

References

Other websites
 Allouez, Wisconsin

Villages in Wisconsin
Brown County, Wisconsin
Arcade Fire

Arcade Fire is an indie rock band from Montreal, Canada. They became very famous in 2004 with their hit album, Funeral. They have seven members in the band, and have released four albums. Arcade Fire performed at the 53rd Grammy Awards and were also nominated for Album of the Year, Best Rock Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal, and Best Alternative Music Album (for The Suburbs), winning Album of the Year.

They released their first EP Arcade Fire in 2003.

The band's second album Neon Bible was released in March 2007. The album went straight to number two in the Billboard 200 in the United States. The British music magazine Q put it at the top of their list of 2007 Albums of the Year. The A.V. Club also chose it as their album of the year. It was chosen as the second best album of the year by Spin. 

In 2010 the band released their third album, The Suburbs. It won Album of the Year at the 2011 Grammy Awards. It also won Best International Album at the 2011 BRIT Awards.

The band made a song for The Hunger Games soundtrack called "Abraham's Daughter". It was played at the end of the movie.

Arcade Fire released their fourth album Reflektor in 2013. The album has two discs. The first disc has seven songs. The second disc has six songs. Pitchfork gave the album a score of 9.2 out of 10. "Reflektor" was the first single to be released from the album.

Discography 
Arcade Fire (EP) (2003)
Funeral (2004)
Neon Bible (2007)
The Suburbs (2010)
Reflektor (2013)

References

Other websites
Arcade Fire's Official website

2000s Canadian music groups
2010s Canadian music groups
Brit Award winners
Canadian rock bands
Grammy Award winners
Indie rock bands
Montreal
Musical groups established in 2001
2001 establishments in Canada
Pavement (band)

Pavement was an indie rock band from California, United States. They made music from 1989 until 1999. They were on the music label Matador Records.

American rock bands
Indie rock bands
Musical groups from California
Matador Records

Matador Records is an American indie record label with many bands like Modest Mouse, Pavement, and Guided by Voices.  Matador Records is founded in 1989 by Chris Lombardi, who operates out of his New York apartment. It becomes a label dedicated to unique alternative acts. Half of the company will be purchased by Beggars Banquet in 2002.

American record labels
1989 establishments in New York (state)
Modest Mouse

Modest Mouse is an indie rock band from Issaquah, Washington. It was formed by Isaac Brock, Jeremiah Green, and Eric Judy. They started making music in 1993.

History 

They formed in the state of Washington, during the popularity of grunge music. They struggled to release an album, but eventually released their first album This Is a Long Drive for Someone with Nothing to Think About in 1996 after being signed to Up Records. Their second album, The Lonesome Crowded West, came next, one year later.

They then re-signed to Epic Records in 2000 and released The Moon & Antarctica.

In 2003, Jeremiah Green left the band, but he was replaced with Benjamin Weikel and Dann Gallucci. Modest Mouse was fairly unaffected by this, and they released their fourth album, Good News for People Who Love Bad News one year later. It was very popular and had two main hits: "Float On" and "Ocean Breathes Salty."

In 2006, after a long tour supporting Good News, Modest Mouse came back to the studio to record their fifth studio album, We Were Dead Before the Ship Even Sank. It was fairly quick to record, and it was released on March 20, 2007. It was even more popular than Good News. A hit single from this album was "Dashboard." After touring for over a year with R.E.M. and The National, Modest Mouse released a collection of songs not released on Good News or We Were Dead known as No One's First and You're Next. It was released in 2009.

List of albums

Studio albums

Other albums

Other websites 

 Official Modest Mouse website
 Epic Records' Modest Mouse site 
 Modest Mouse at MySpace
 Interview with Isaac Brock
 Early Modest Mouse demos 
 Interstate-8.com
 ModMouse Fan Site
 Onion A.V. Club interview with Isaac Brock 
 Filter Magazine interview with Isaac Brock 
 Modest Mouse "Untitled" documentary 

American rock bands
Indie rock bands
Musical groups from Washington
Musical groups established in 1993
1993 establishments in the United States
1990s establishments in Washington (state)
Santa Maria Island

The island of Santa Maria (Portuguese for Saint Mary) is an island in the southeastern part of the Azores and is the southernmost island in the Azores Islands.  It was the first island in the Azores Archipelago to be discovered.  The discoverer of the island was Diogo Silves during his journey to Madeira in 1427.  Gonçalo Velho brought families and cattle to the island.

Azores
Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest

Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest is a 2006 back-to-back fantasy comedy film.

Is the second movie of Pirates of the Caribbean. The movie is a sequel to Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl. It was released on July 7, 2006.

Despite receiving mixed reviews from film critics, the movie was positively welcomed from audience who praised its directing, story, performances (especially those of Depp and Nighy), special effects, Zimmer's musical score, humor, action scenes and emotional weight.

Story 

Elizabeth Swann (Keira Knightley), Will Turner (Orlando Bloom), and Captain Jack Sparrow (Johnny Depp) continue the adventure. Jack and Will both search for the heart of Davy Jones (Bill Nighy) for different reasons. Jack want it to get his freedom. Will wants it to free his father, "Bootstrap Bill" Turner.

Cast 
 Johnny Depp as Captain Jack Sparrow
 Orlando Bloom as Will Turner
 Keira Knightley as Elizabeth Swann
 Bill Nighy as Davy Jones
 Noamie Harris as Tia Dalma

Related pages

 Pirates of the Caribbean
 Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl
 Pirates of the Caribbean: At World's End

Other websites

Dead Man's Chest
2006 movies
American adventure movies
American action movies
Movies composed by Hans Zimmer
Disney movies
Oregon-grape

Oregon-grape, Berberis aquifolium  or Mahonia aquifolium is a shrub whose classification is in dispute, generally considered as Mahonia. Recently, this classification has been supported by their rusts. Originally, the Oregon Holly Grape (Mahonia aquifolium) is from the Pacific Northwest of United States of America. Cultivated in Europe, and bird dispersed has became a weed, not restricted to gardens

Other websites 
 Helemholts Centre for Enviornmental Research

References 

Ranunculales
Shrubs
Alma Center, Wisconsin

Alma Center is a village in Jackson County, Wisconsin, United States. The population is 446 people as of 2000.  The area of Alma Center is about 1 square mile, thanks to the United States Census Bureau.

References

Other websites

The Blair Press Alma Center - Local newspaper 

Villages in Wisconsin
Jackson County, Wisconsin
Almena, Wisconsin

Almena is a village in Barron County in the U.S. state of Wisconsin.  The population is 720 people as of 2000.  The area of Almena is about 1 square mile, thanks to the United States Census Bureau.

References

Villages in Wisconsin
Almond, Wisconsin

Almond is a village in Portage County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 459 people in 2000.  The area of Almond is 1 square mile, thanks to the United States Census Bureau.

References

Villages in Wisconsin
Portage County, Wisconsin
Amherst, Wisconsin

Amherst is a village in Portage County, Wisconsin, United States. The population is 1,035 people as of 2010.

References

Other websites

Village of Amherst website
AmherstPublic Schools
Amherst Girl Scouts

Villages in Wisconsin
Portage County, Wisconsin
Amherst Junction, Wisconsin

Amherst Junction is a village in Portage County, Wisconsin, United States. The population is 305 people as of 2000.  Amherst Junction has an area of 1.2 square miles, of which .04 square miles is water.

References

Villages in Wisconsin
Portage County, Wisconsin
Amherst

Amherst can mean:

Places

Canada
Amherst, Nova Scotia

United States
Amherst, Massachusetts
Amherst, Virginia
Amherst, Wisconsin
Alan Dix

Professor Alan Dix of Lancaster University is an author of text books. He took part in the 1979 Maths Olympiad in Romania for the UK Team and got a silver medal.

Other websites 
Alan Dix Homepage
Lancaster University
Alan Dix's Cube Game

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
English writers
Chien Hsin University

Chien Hsin University (UCH; traditional Chinese:健行科技大學；simplified Chinese:健行科技大学) is a university in Jhongli City, Taoyuan City, Taiwan. CYU is also known as Chien Hsin Tech (健行科大).

Chien Hsin University opened in 1933 and now about 10,000 students go there. The university is noted for teaching and research in the science and engineering, especially energy engineering.

Other websites 
  Chien Hsin University

Colleges and universities in Taiwan
Taiwan
1933 establishments
20th-century establishments in Taiwan
Rosalía de Castro

Rosalía Castro de Murguía better known as Rosalía de Castro (24 February 1837 – 15 July 1885) was a Galician writer and poet.

A native of Santiago de Compostela in the Galicia region of northwest Spain, she wrote in both Galician  and Castilian.

Works 

Poetry

 La Flor (1857) (the Flower)
 A mi madre (1863) (to my mother)
 En las orillas del Sar (1884)

Prose
 La hija del mar (1859) (the daughter of the sea)
 Flavio (1861)
 El cadiceño (1863)
 Ruinas (1866)
 Las literatas (1866)
 El caballero de las botas azules (1867)
 El primer loco (1881)
 El domingo de Ramos (1881)
 Padrón y las inundaciones (1881)

Spanish writers
Spanish poets
Galician people
1837 births
1885 deaths
People from Santiago de Compostela