cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Youyou Tu

Youyou Tu (born 30 December 1930) is a Chinese pharmacologist. She won the Nobel Prize in 2015 for medicine. She is famous for making a medicine to treat Malaria. Malaria is a sickness or disease. It is spread by mosquitoes. It poorly affects a lot of people in the world. Many people have died from Malaria. Tu came up with a cure.

Early Life 
Tu was born on December 30, 1930.  She was born and raised in Ningbo, Zhejiang. Zhejiang is a province of China. It is located in eastern China. In 1951, she moved to Beijing. She went to the Peking University in Beijing. At the university, she studied pharmacology. In 1955, she finished college and started working at the China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Beijing. It is now called the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences.

Work and Discoveries 
In 1969, China was having a cultural revolution against Western ideas. This means that many schools, colleges, and research centers were closed. Tu was assigned to a secret project that was to find the cure for Malaria during this time. Malaria was killing American and Vietnamese soldiers in Vietnam before the treatment was found. She studied traditional Chinese medicinal ancient text. She was trying to find an herbal treatment. The text they read gave information about a medicinal plant, Qinghao. Qinghao is also known as sweet wormwood. Tu and two other scientists found a part of the plant that helped treat Malaria. This was made into a drug that stopped and treated the disease in millions of people. This drug was called artemisinin.

References

Chinese Nobel Prize winners
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine winners
Female scientists
Pharmacologists
Living people
1930 births
Scientists from Beijing
Rosalyn Yalow

Rosalyn Yalow (July 19, 1921  May 30, 2011) was an American medical physicist.

Early life 
Yalow was born on July 19, 1921 in the Bronx, New York City. She graduated from Hunter College in 1941. She also went to a all-female college in New York called Hunter College. Yalow was Jewish. This made it difficult to become a scientist, due to prejudice. She continued trying. Yalow got a PhD from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.

Work 
Yalow became a consultant in nuclear physics at the Bronx Veteran’s Administration Hospital in 1947. She was assistant chief of radioisotope service in 1950. She was made a research professor at the Sinai School of Medicine in New York City in 1968. In 1973, she was made head of Solomon A. Berson Research Laboratory at the Bronx Veteran’s Administration Hospital.

Accomplishments 
Yalow won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1977. She was the second woman to win that prize. She shared the award with Roger Guillemin and Andrew Schally.

Yalow was known for the creation of the radioimmunoassay (RIA). The RIA labeled things in the blood with radioactive marks. Yalow and Solomon Berson first used the RIA in 1959. It was first used to study the insulin in blood of diuabetics ( people with diabetes). This was an advancement that helped many people with diabetes.

References

1921 births
2011 deaths
American physicists
People from New York City
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine winners
People from the Bronx
Maryam Mirzakhani

Maryam Mirzakhani (May 3, 1977 – July 14, 2017) was an Iranian mathematician.

She worked at Stanford University. Her research topics include Teichmüller theory, hyperbolic geometry, ergodic theory, and symplectic geometry.

On 13 August 2014, Mirzakhani became both the first woman and the first Iranian honored with the Fields Medal, the most prestigious award in mathematics.

Background 
Mirzakhani was born in May 1977 in Tehran, Iran. She enjoyed math and puzzles in high school. She earned her bachelor’s degree at the Sharif University of Technology in Tehran. Mirzakhani then went to Harvard to earn a Ph.D. in 2004.

In high school, Mirzakhani found her talents in math. She decided to reconsider her career goals. This was made possible by her principal. Her principal tried to give women the same chances as men to succeed. 

Mirzakhani was also given extra math assignments, which gave her access to university laboratories. She was also allowed to study by herself in the library. This privilege was only given to a few people.

Mirzakhani was diagnosed with breast cancer in 2013. She died of the cancer on July 14, 2017 in Palo Alto, California, aged 40.<ref name="mehrnews">{{cite news|title=Maryam Mirzakhani "died|url=http://www.mehrnews.com/news/4029259/مریم-میرزاخانی-درگذشت|agency=Mehr news Agancy|date=15 July 2017|language=fa}}</ref>

 Accomplishments 
Mirzakhani won the Fields Medal award, the highest mathematical award, in 2014 for her accomplishments in math. She won this award because of her work on Riemann surfaces, a complex mathematical subject. Her work on this subject has improved the basics of both mathematics and physics.

Mirzakhani proved multiple relationships between moduli'' spaces, classes of Riemann surface structures. Her talent led her to be selected twice for the Math Olympiad Team.

Girls had never been part of the Iranian Math Olympiad team. Mirzakhani was the first woman to be on the team and was selected two times in a row. She won gold medals for her team. In 1994, she only had one point taken off and in 1995, she had a perfect score. This was a big accomplishment since she was the first Iranian to do so.

Jobs/roles 
Mirzakhani has worked as a math teacher at Princeton University and Stanford University. At Stanford, her interests changed a little. Mirzakhani still worked on geometry and symmetry but started to focus more on theories on Teichmiller dynamics, advanced geometric strategies. Her research was deemed as mathematical research into nature's abstract concepts.

Related pages
 List of Iranian scientists

References

Fields Medalists
1977 births
2017 deaths
Academics
Deaths from breast cancer
Female scientists
People from Tehran
Geometers
Emilie du Chatelet

Émilie du Châtelet was a French physicist. She was born on December 17, 1706, in Paris, France. Du Châtelet was born into an aristocratic family. She received an excellent education. Du Châtelet learned science, literature, and music. She married the Marquis of Châtelet. He lived away from Paris because he had a military and political career. They had three children. Du Châtelet took private lessons in maths from Pierre-Louis Moreau.

Du Châtelet had a 15-year affair with Francois Marie Arouet de Voltaire. Voltaire recognised her talents. Châtelet helped Voltaire write his book, Elements of Newton’s Philosophy. She had an unwanted child with Jean François de Saint-Lambert when she was 42. She translated Principia Mathematica by Isaac Newton into French while she was pregnant. She died from an infection six days after giving birth to her daughter. It was 1749.

Du Châtelet’s translation of Principia Mathematica is still used today. She knew that her work was not appreciated during her time. Years after she died, she was recognized as a role model for girls and women. Du Châtelet is still celebrated around the world for her work in Newtonian studies and mathematics.

References 

French physicists
1706 births
1749 deaths
Scientists from Paris
Mary Somerville

Mary Somerville was a Scottish science writer and a polymath. She was also famous for supporting more education for women and supporting more civil rights for women.

Early life 
Somerville was born on December 26, 1780, in Jedburgh, Scotland. She was the fifth of seven children. She was one of three who lived to be adults. Her father, William George Fairfax, was a vice-admiral in the Royal Navy. He would go on long trips away. Somerville's mother didn't try to educate her daughters; she thought that all girls needed to know was how to cook and clean. When Somerville wasn't doing household chores, she would often go to the seaside and the moors.

When Somerville's father came home, he discovered that his ten-year-old daughter could not read or write. He sent her to a boarding school. By her teenage years, Somerville had become interested in algebra. Her parents got angry. They told her not to study it - they worried that studying mathematical concepts would cause her physical and mental harm. "Mary Somerville." Scientists: Their Lives and Works, UXL, 2006. Student Resources in Context. Accessed 31 Mar. 2017.

Marriage and adult life 
In 1804, when she was 24, Somerville got married to Samuel Grieg. She found that marriage gave her independence from her parents. She began studying algebra. She had two sons, but her husband died in 1807. As a widow, she found more freedom to study and learned many more mathematical concepts."Mary Somerville." Scientists: Their Lives and Works, UXL, 2006. Student Resources in Context. Accessed 31 Mar. 2017.

In 1812, she married again. Her second husband was William Somerville. They had four children together. Somerville began experiments on solar radiation with her newfound support from William.

Work 
She studied the sun's radiation effects on Earth's substances. In 1826, she published her first paper, "On the Magnetizing Power of the More Refrangible Solar Rays." She later published two more papers and two books. She later moved to Italy and started her third book. In 1848, she had a publication called Physical Geography.

Honors and awards 
Somerville wrote many books. Somerville's second book led to the discovery of Neptune. She then became the one of the first two women to be named Honorary members of the Royal Astronomical Society. Somerville had a picture hung in the Royal Society's great hall. She won the Victoria Gold Medal from the Royal Geographic Society in 1870.

Late life 
In 1860, her only surviving son died. Her husband died 5 years later. Somerville became sad. Her daughter told her to work on more writing projects. She did, but she wasn't in touch with modern science. She began to promote civil rights and higher women's education. She died at age 92 in Naples, Italy, on November 19, 1872. Oxford University named one of its colleges after her.

References

Scottish writers
1789 births
1872 deaths
Scottish scientists
British astronomers
British mathematicians
May-Britt Moser

May-Britt Moser is a Norwegian psychologist and neuroscientist.

Life 
Moser was born on Jan 4, 1962 in Fosnavåg, on a coastal island north of Bergen, Norway. She married Edvard Moser as a student of the University of Oslo in 1985. They had two kids, Isabel and Ailin. The Mosers were directors and coordinators of the Kavil Institute for systems Neuroscience and the Centre for Neural Computation at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology for many years, but they divorced in 2016.

Career 
Each earned a PhD in neurobiology in 1995. She used rats as test subjects during her research because their nervous system is very similar to humans. They discovered brain cells that allow animals to move from one place to another. These are called grid cells, and they fire when the rats pass a certain location. Over time, this helped the rats move purposely around the room and navigate their surroundings. The Mosers won a Nobel Prize, an important award. She won this award in 2014 and shared this with John O’Keefe, another neuroscientist. They also won the Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize.

References

1962 births
Living people
Norwegian scientists
Norwegian psychologists
Starboy (song)

"Starboy" is a song recorded by Canadian PBR&B singer-songwriter The Weeknd.  It features the French DJ duo Daft Punk.  It is taken from his fifth studio album, also called Starboy.  It is the first song on the album.  The song reached number one in nearly ten countries, including the US, Canada, France, the Netherlands, and New Zealand, while it reached number two in countries like Australia and the UK.  "Starboy" is The Weeknd and Daft Punk's first collaboration, before the next single, the top-ten song "I Feel It Coming".

The song was certified quadruple-Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America for sales, streams, and shipments of over four million copies there.

References 

2016 songs
Synth-pop
Pop songs
The Weeknd
Via (electronics)

A via or VIA is an electrical connection between layers in a circuit board.

Electronics
Andrés Ocaña

Andrés Ocaña Rabadán (1955 – March 2, 2017) was a Spanish politician and academic. He served as the Mayor of Córdoba from 2009 to 2011. He was a member of the United Left/The Greens–Assembly for Andalusia.

Ocaña was born in the town of Aguilar de la Frontera in the Province of Córdoba. He served as a member of the Córdoba city council from 1995 until 2011. Ocaña died of a myocardial infarction on March 2, 2017 in Córdoba, Andalusia, at the age of 62.

References

1955 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Spanish politicians
Mayors
José José

José Rómulo Sosa Ortiz (February 17, 1948 — September 28, 2019), known by his stage name José José, was a Mexican singer, musician and occasional actor. His 1983 album Secretos has sold over 7 million units. With a large number of international hits, he received several Grammy nominations and recognition worldwide.

In March 2017, he announced that he was diagnosed with pancreatic cancer. On 28 September 2019, José José died of the disease at a hospital in Homestead, Florida, at the age of 71.

References

1948 births
2019 deaths
Mexican singer-songwriters
Mexican movie actors
Pop singers
Deaths from pancreatic cancer
Cancer deaths in Florida
Actors from Mexico City
Kallar (caste)

Kallar is one of the three related castes of southern India which constitute the Mukkulathor confedaracy or league of caste. The Kallar, along with the Kallar caste and Maravar caste, constitute a united social caste on the basis of professions, though their locations and heritages are wholly separate from one another.The Kallars, along with the Kallar and Thevars, traditionally practised a Tamil martial art variously known as adi murai, chinna adi and varna ati.The Kallar were traditionally a non-vegetarian people.

Reference

Castes in Tamil Nadu
Maravar

Maravar is a Tamil community of the state of Tamil Nadu, southern India, and are one of the three branches of the Mukkulathor confederacy or league of caste.Members of the Maravar community often use the honorific title Thevar.The term Maravar has diverse proposed etymologies; it may come simply from a Tamil word maravar (warrior), or a term meaning "bravery".

Reference

Castes in Tamil Nadu
Karaikudi

Karaikudi is a municipality in Sivaganga district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is a part of the area commonly referred to as "Chettinadu" and has been declared a heritage town by the Government of Tamil Nadu.As of 2011, the city had a population of 106,714. Roadways are the major mode of transportation to Karaikudi and the nearest airport is Madurai Airport, located  away from the city.The average literacy of the town was 81.48%, compared to the national average of 72.99%.

Reference

Sivaganga district
Sivaganga district

Sivaganga district is an administrative district of Tamil Nadu state in Southern India. It is bounded by Pudukkottai district on the Northeast, Tiruchirapalli District on the North, Ramanathapuram district on South East, Virudhunagar district on South West and Madurai district on the West.The major town in the district is the City of Karaikudi. As of 2011, the district had a population of 1,339,101 with a sex-ratio of 1,003 females for every 1,000 males.

Reference

Sivaganga district
Namakkal

Namakkal  is a town and a municipality in Namakkal district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is the headquarters of Namakkal district. It is the first ISO 14001-2004 certified municipality in Asia for environmental management, specifically the provision and maintenance of water supply, solid waste and sewage management, town planning, lighting and other social services.
As of 2011, the town had a population of 55,145.

Reference

Namakkal district
Tiruchirappalli Rock Fort

Tiruchirappalli Rockfort is a historic fortification and temple complex built on an ancient rock. It is located in the city of Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India. It is constructed on a  high rock that may date to over one billion years ago.  There are two Hindu temples inside, the Ucchi Pillayar Temple, Rockfort and the Thayumanaswami Temple, Rockfort. Other local tourist attractions include the famous Pallava-era Ganesha temple and the Madurai Nayak-era fort. The fort complex has witnessed fierce battles between the Madurai Nayakas and Adil Shahi dynasty of Bijapur, Carnatic region and Maratha Imperial forces. The fort played an important part during the Carnatic Wars, helping lay the foundations of the British Empire in India. The Rockfort is the most prominent landmark of the city.

Reference

Tiruchirapalli district
Ucchi Pillayar Temple, Rockfort

Ucchi Pillayar Temple is a 7th-century Hindu temple, one dedicated to Lord Ganesh located a top of Rockfort, Tiruchirapalli, Tamil Nadu, India.Mythologically this rock is the place where Lord Ganesh ran from King Vibishana, after establishing the Ranganathaswamy deity in Srirangam.The Rock Fort temple stands 83m tall perched atop the rock. The smooth rock was first cut by the Pallavas but it was the Nayaks of Madurai who completed both the temples under the Vijayanagara empire.Due to its ancient and impressive architecture created by the Pallavas, the temple is maintained by the Archaeological department of India.

Reference

Tiruchirapalli district
Thayumanaswami Temple, Rockfort

Thayumanaswami Temple is a temple in the Rockfort complex in the city of Tiruchirappalli, India. The temple is close to the base of the Rockfort and was built by the Pallava king Mahendravarman I in the 6th century AD. Shiva is worshiped as Thayumanavar, and is represented by the lingam and his consort Parvati is depicted as Mattuvar Kuzhalammai. The presiding deity is revered in the 7th century Tamil Saiva canonical work, the Tevaram, written by Tamil saint poets known as the nayanars and classified as Paadal Petra Sthalam.The temple complex has three shrines, two of which are dedicated to Lord Ganesha, one at the foot and the Ucchi Pillayar Temple at the top, and the Thayumanaswami Temple between them.

Reference

Tiruchirapalli district
Thiruvarur

Thiruvarur is a town and municipality in Thiruvarur district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is the administrative headquarters of Tiruvarur district and Tiruvarur taluk. The town was one of the five traditional capitals of the Chola empire, with one of the emperors of the dynasty, Kulothunga Chola I, having it as his capital. The town is believed to be of significant antiquity and has been ruled, at different times, by the Medieval Cholas, Later Cholas, Later Pandyas, Vijayanagar Empire, Marathas and the British. The town is known for the Thyagaraja temple, and the annual chariot festival held in the month of April. The temple chariot of the Thyagaraja temple, weighing  and measuring  tall is the largest temple chariot in Tamil Nadu. Thiruvarur is the birthplace of Tyagaraja, Muthuswami Dikshitar and Syama Sastri, popularly known as the Trinity of Carnatic music of the 18th century CE.
According to 2011 census, Thiruvarur had a population of 58,301 with a sex-ratio of 1,053 females for every 1,000 males, much above the national average of 929.

References

Thiruvarur district
Mannargudi

Mannargudi is a town in Thiruvarur district in the South Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is the headquarters of the Mannargudi Taluk. The town is located at a distance of 20km from the district headquarters Tiruvarur and 310 km from the state capital Chennai. Mannargudi is known for the Rajagopalaswamy temple, a prominent Vaishnavite shrine.Mannargudi is administered by a municipality established in 1866. As of 2011, the municipality covered an area of  and had a population of 66,999. Mannargudi comes under the Mannargudi assembly constituency which elects a member to the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly once every five years and it is a part of the Nagappattinam constituency which elects its Member of Parliament (MP) once in five years. Roadways are the major mode of transportation to the town and it also has rail connectivity. The nearest seaport, Nagapattinam Port, is located 52 km (32 mi) from Mannargudi, while the nearest airport, Tiruchirappalli International Airport, is located 97 km (60 mi) from the town.

Reference

Thiruvarur district
Kukkarahalli lake

Kukkarahalli lake is located in the heart of the Mysore city. Mummadi Krishnaraja Wodeyar, (1794–1868) of the Mysore Dynasty (Kingdom of Mysore) was responsible for getting the lake created, in the year 1864, to provide water for irrigation to about 4000 ha (10,000 acres) of land outside the city. The Lake also used to be a source of water supply to the city of Mysore but over the years, sewage and excessive land encroachments (mostly illegal) and blockage of water flow sources almost led to the eutrophication of the lake. The University of Mysore and the citizen forums of Mysore continue to make efforts to preserve the lake by implementing several remedial measures. 
 There is a 4.5 km walkway on the periphery of the lake with shaded stone benches for visitors to sit, relax and enjoy the scenic serenity of the lake.

References

Lakes of India
Eduard Bomhoff

Eduard Jan Bomhoff (born September 30, 1944 in Amsterdam) is a Dutch economist and academic, and also former politician and columnist.

Bomhoff studied at Leiden University and Erasmus University Rotterdam.

From July to October 2002, he was on behalf of the Pim Fortuyn List (LPF) government minister of Health, Welfare and Sports and also deputy prime minister in the First Balkenende Cabinet.

He is a member of the Old Catholic Church.

References 
  Bio at Parlement.com

1944 births
Living people
Deputy Prime Ministers of the Netherlands
Dutch academics
Dutch Christians
Dutch columnists
Dutch economists
Government ministers of the Netherlands
Old Catholics
Pim Fortuyn List politicians
Politicians from Amsterdam
Writers from Amsterdam
Anton Constandse

Anton Levien Constandse (September 13, 1899 in Brouwershaven - March 23, 1985 in The Hague) was a Dutch journalist, writer, political activist, anarchist and atheist.

Constandse studied Spanish at the University of Amsterdam.

Although raised a Christian, he turned atheist.

During World War II he was imprisoned in Buchenwald concentration camp, Gymnasium Beekvliet and Herzogenbusch concentration camp because of his anti-fascist and anti-nazi views.

After the war he was editor at NRC Handelsblad. He wrote for De Groene Amsterdammer, Vrij Nederland, and various humanist, atheist and literary magazines. Furthermore, he spoke on the Dutch VPRO radio and lectured at the University of Amsterdam.

Constandse was very negative about Christianity and later on also about Islam.

He wrote a lot of books and brochures about atheism and anarchism.

References 
  Socialhistory.org/bwsa
  Resources.huygens.knaw.nl

Other websites 
  www.dbnl.org

1899 births
1985 deaths
Anarchists
Dutch academics
Dutch activists
Dutch atheists
Dutch former Christians
Dutch journalists
Dutch people of World War II
Humanists
Political activists
Writers from Zeeland
Khadija Arib

Khadija Arib, Arabic:  خديجة عريب , (born October 10, 1960 in Hedami) is a Dutch politician. She is a member of the Labour Party (PvdA).

Arib was born near Casablanca in Morocco. She migrated to the Netherlands when she was 15 years of age. She studied sociology at the University of Amsterdam.

She has been a member of the Second Chamber since 1998 (with a short interruption in 2006-2007). She was Speaker of the Second Chamber from 2016 to 2021 (succeeded by Vera Bergkamp).

Khadija Arib is married with three children. She is a Muslim and of Moroccan descent.

References 
  Bio at Parlement.com

1960 births
Living people
Dutch Muslims
Dutch women politicians
Labour Party (Netherlands) politicians
Members of the House of Representatives of the Netherlands
Moroccan politicians
Naturalised citizens of the Netherlands
Speakers of the House of Representatives of the Netherlands
Etienne Vermeersch

Etienne Vermeersch (May 2, 1934 in Bruges – January 18, 2019 in Ghent) was a Belgian philosopher, activist and former academic.

He studied classics and philosophy at Ghent University.

Being a Jesuit, he turned atheist at the age of 25.

Vermeersch was vice rector at Ghent University, and is considered an important critic in Belgian society.

He was co-founder of the Belgian skeptical organization of SKEPP.

Vermeersch died at a hospital in Ghent, Belgium through assisted suicide on January 18, 2019 after suffering a long-illness, aged 84.

Notes

References 
  www.knack.be

Other websites 
 Etienne Vermeersch's Website

1934 births
2019 deaths
20th-century Belgian philosophers
21st-century Belgian philosophers
Abortion-rights activists
Belgian academics
Belgian atheists
Deaths by euthanasia
Drug-related suicides
Euthanasia activists
Former Christians
Jesuits
People from Bruges
Skeptics
Maurice Xiberras

Maurice Xiberras GMH (14 November 1936 – 19 March 2017) was a Gibraltarian teacher, trade unionist and politician. He was thought as being a strong defender of British sovereignty, who believed there was no future for Gibraltar without the continuing close relationship with the United Kingdom. He was born in The Rock, Gibraltar.

Xiberras died of a suspected heart attack during a trip in Surbiton, Royal Borough of Kingston upon Thames on 19 March 2017, aged 80.

References

1936 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Gibraltar
Educators
Politicians
Activists
Tony Terran

Anthony "Tony" Terran (May 30, 1926 – March 20, 2017) was an American trumpet player and session musician. He was part of The Wrecking Crew, which was a group of session musicians in Los Angeles, California. They earned wide acclaim in the 1960s. The Wrecking Crew was inducted into the Musicians Hall of Fame on November 26, 2007.

A very well known trumpeter in Los Angeles, Terran worked with The Baja Marimba Band, The Beach Boys, The Beatles, The Bee Gees, Ray Charles, Chicago, Nat King Cole, Perry Como, Bob Dylan, Ella Fitzgerald, Benny Goodman, Bob Hope, Michael Jackson, Eartha Kitt, Peggy Lee, Madonna, Dean Martin, Elvis Presley, Bonnie Raitt, Linda Ronstadt, Diana Ross, Frank Sinatra, Barbra Streisand, The Tijuana Brass, and Tom Waits.

Terran was born in Buffalo, New York. He died in Los Angeles on March 20, 2017, aged 90.

References

1926 births
2017 deaths
Trumpeters
Musicians from Los Angeles
Musicians from Buffalo, New York
Roy Fisher

Roy Fisher (11 June 1930 – 21 March 2017) was a British poet and jazz pianist. His poetry shows the relationship to both European and American modernist influences, while remaining grounded in the experience of living in the English Midlands. 

Fisher has experimented with a wide range of styles throughout his career, largely working outside of the mainstream of post-war British poetry. He has been admired by poets and critics as diverse as Donald Davie, Eric Mottram, Marjorie Perloff, and Sean O’Brien.

In 2003, Fisher was made lifetime Honorary Poet of the City of Birmingham. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature in 2005.

Other websites
Roy Fisher at West Midlands Literary Heritage 
Roy Fisher in conversation with John Tranter. Jacket 1, December 2001.
An essay on Fisher by Marjorie PerloffI 
Some Aspects of the Poetry of Roy Fisher by J. D. Needham ,1975
review of the "Long and the Short of It" by August Kleinzahler
William Wotton, "The Measure of the Muse" (review of the Long and the Short of It). The Guardian, 29 October 2005.

1930 births
2017 deaths
British poets
British jazz musicians
British pianists
Writers from Birmingham
Musicians from Birmingham
Joanne Kyger

Joanne Kyger (November 19, 1934 – March 22, 2017) was an American poet. Her poetry was influenced by her practice of Zen Buddhism and her ties to the poets of Black Mountain, the San Francisco Renaissance, and the Beat generation.

Kyger was born in Vallejo, California. She studied at the University of California, Santa Barbara. She moved to San Francisco in 1957.

Kyger published more than twenty books of poetry and prose, including Going On: Selected Poems, 1958–1980,  (1983); and, Just Space: poems, 1979-1989 (1991).

Kyger died on March 22, 2017 at her home in Bolinas, California from lung cancer, aged 82.

References

Other websites
"Add-Verse" a poetry-photo-video project Joanne Kyger participated in 
Joanne Kyger Papers MSS 0730. Special Collections & Archives, UC San Diego Library.
Joanne Kyger Correspondence, 1957-1975 MSS 0008. Special Collections & Archives, UC San Diego Library.

1934 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from lung cancer
Cancer deaths in California
American poets
American Buddhists
Writers from California
Ashokamitran

Ashokamitran (September 22, 1931 – March 23, 2017) was the pen name of Jagadisa Thyagarajan, an Indian writer. He was sometimes called one of the most influential figures in post-independent Tamil literature. He began his prolific literary career with the prize winning play "Anbin Parisu" and went on to author more than two hundred short stories, and a dozen novellas and novels.

Ashokamitran died on 23 March 2017 in Chennai from cardiac arrest at the age of 85.

References

Other websites
 Ashokamitran page in Tamil Friends
 Ashokamitran Special edition by Solvanam
 B. Meenakshi, Sundaram Portraying Realities of Contemporary Life

1931 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from cardiac arrest
Indian writers
Meir Einstein

Meir Einstein (‎; 21 October 1951 – 23 March 2017) was an Israeli sports broadcaster. He was born in Herzliya, Israel.

Einstein began his career as a news anchor at Kol Yisrael. He later began to broadcast sports events in all areas of the Sports Department of Channel 10. He was the main broadcaster on the sports channels of Charlton Ltd..

Einstein died on 23 March 2017 in Jerusalem from complications of muscular dystrophy (disease that weakens the skeletal system), aged 65.

References

1951 births
2017 deaths
Disease-related deaths in Israel
Jewish Israeli sportspeople
Radio personalities
Leo Peelen

Leopoldus ("Leo") Eduardus Theoduris Peelen (16 July 1968 - 24 March 2017) was a Dutch track cyclist. He won the silver medal at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul in the points race. The following year, he captured a bronze medal at the 1989 World Championships. Peelen became six times Dutch champion on the track (Pointsrace in 1983, 1984, 1985 (winter), Individual Pursuit 1986 and Madison 1987 and 1988).

Peelen died on 24 March 2017 from cardiac arrest in Apeldoorn, the Netherlands, aged 48.

References

Other websites
 Bio 

1968 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from cardiac arrest
Dutch cyclists
People from Arnhem 
Sportspeople from Gelderland
Avo Uvezian

Avo Uvezian (March 22, 1926 – March 24, 2017) was an Armenian-American jazz pianist and cigar manufacturer. He was born in Beirut, French Lebanon. He performed with Bob Hope and Dean Martin during his musician career. In the 1980s, he created a brad of cigars called "Avo Cigars". In 1996, more than two million Avo cigars were sold.

Uvezian died in Orlando, Florida from respiratory arrest on March 24, 2017, two days after his 91st birthday.

References

Other websites
 AVO Cigars Official Website 
 Cigar Stars - Avo Uvezian 
 Avo Uvezian: World Class Cigar Maestro 
 Strangers in the Night 

1926 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from respiratory arrest
Disease-related deaths in Florida
Naturalized citizens of the United States
American jazz musicians
American pianists
American songwriters
Businesspeople from Florida
Writers from Florida
Musicians from Florida
People from Orlando, Florida
People from Beirut
Mayaro

Mayaro is a town on the island of Trinidad in Trinidad and Tobago.  It is near Rio Claro.

Mayaro is on the ocean, and Mayaro Beach is a very popular vacation spot for tourists.

References

Trinidad and Tobago
Damnatio memoriae

Damnatio memoriae is a Latin practice or phrase that means "condemnation of memory". It means that a person's existence should be cut out of history. In practice it meant removing the name from official records and monuments. However, because information about the person was usually also found in other places, like letters and scrolls, historians today can usually still learn about the person. 

Latin phrases
Vault 7

Vault 7 is a series of documents that WikiLeaks began to release on 7 March 2017, that detail activities and capabilities of the United States Central Intelligence Agency to perform electronic surveillance and cyber warfare. The files, dated from 2013–2016, include details on the agency's software capabilities, such as the ability to compromise smart TVs, web browsers (including Firefox, Google Chrome, and Microsoft Edge), and the operating systems of most smartphones (including Apple's iOS and Google's Android), as well as other operating systems such as Microsoft Windows, macOS, and Linux.

2017 in the United States
Eshanosaurus

Eshanosaurus is an extinct genus of therizinosaur dinosaur from the Lower Jurassic of China. It may have been the earliest known coelurosaur. The type species is Eshanosaurus deguchiianus, which was coined in 2001 by Xu Xing.

References

Dinosaurs
Yohanna Ibrahim

Yohanna Ibrahim (Arabic: يوحنا إبراهيم) also Gregorios Yohanna or Mor Gregorios Yohanna Ibrahim (born August 18, 1948) is the Syriac Orthodox archbishop of Aleppo. He was kidnapped on April 22, 2013, along with Boulos Yazigi, the Greek Orthodox archbishop of Aleppo.

Life 
Ibrahim was born on August 18, 1948 in Qamishly, Syria. He studied Ecclesiastical Studies and Canon Law at the Pontifical Oriental Institute (Roma Istituto Orientale) in Rome from 1973 to 1976. He became a monk in 1973, a deacon in 1976, a priest in 1976, and a bishop in 1979. In 1988 he established the Al Raha Mardin Publishing House in Aleppo. 

Ibrahim received degrees from St. Ephrem Theological Seminary in Zahle, the Oriental Institute in Rome, and the Pontifical Oriental Institute in Rome.  He received a PhD from Birmingham University in the UK. The title of his dissertation was “Christian Arabs in Mesopotamia before Islam.” Before he became a bishop in Syria, Ibrahim had positions in Iraq, Sweden, Holland, Belgium, and Lebanon. He was on the committees of many religious boards, including including the Global Christian Forum, the Executive Committee of the Middle East Council of Churches, and the Central Committee of the World Council of Churches.

Ibrahim disappeared in 2013 while traveling with Boulos Yazigi to negotiate the release of two kidnapped priests. It is believed the kidnappers were Chechen.

Works 
 "The Concept of Jurisdiction and Authority in the Syrian Orthodox Church on Antioch", tr. Monk Melki

References

Other websites 
 M.G.Y.Abraham @Morgregorios on Twitter
 Friends of Mor Gregorios Yohanna Ibrahim on Facebook
 Syrian Orthodox Archdiocese or Aleppo and Environs  official website (Arabic language)

1948 births
Living people
Archbishops
Missing people
Oriental Orthodox Christians
Syrian Christians
More Life

More Life (also known as More Life: A Playlist by October Firm) is the fifth studio album by Canadian rapper Drake.  It was released on March 18, 2017, by Young Money Entertainment and Cash Money Records.  Drake stated that the collection of songs is a playlist and not an album.

The first single, "Fake Love", was released on October 23, 2016, the day before Drake's 30th birthday.  It reached the top ten around the world.

"Passionfruit" was released as the second single from More Life on March 28, 2017.

Track listing

References 

https://www.discogs.com/Drake-More-Life-A-Playlist-By-October-Firm/release/9999158
https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/more-life/id1216986780
http://www.thefader.com/2017/03/18/drake-more-life-album-credits

albums
National Cycling Museum

KOERS. Museum van de wielersport. (till 2018 the Cycling Museum - WieMu) is a museum in the Belgian city of Roeselare. The museum shows the history of the bicycle and cycling. The museum started officially on 27 March 1998 at ‘Het Polenplein’, in the earlier fire-station.

History 

The Cycling Museum was founded in 1985 as part of the earlier Municipal Museum of Roeselare. The city of Roeselare took that decision because the region can be seen as ‘the cradle of the flandriens’. A lot of flandriens and racing cyclists are born in the region. The municipality proper has known a lot of popular racing cyclists for example Odiel Defraeye, the first Belgian winner of the Tour of France and several world-champions: Jean-Pierre Monseré, Benoni Beheyt, Patrick Sercu, Freddy Maertens… In the beginning, the museum only showed a few old bicycles and organised an exhibition in summer.

In 1998, they made the final decision to replace the old folkloristic museum for a real Cycling Museum, the National Cycling Museum. Ferdy Callewaert was the first conservator till he retired in 2006. Old-racing cyclist Freddy Maertens worked from 2000 till 2007 at the museum and he welcomed often the visitors. In 2005 King Albert II visited the museum. In 2010 the museum got the short name ‘WieMu’. 

After a renovation, the museum re-opened on 8 September 2018. The new name of the museum is "KOERS. Museum van de wielersport". At the museum, there are also the municipal touristic service and a pub.

Collection 

The museum shows the history of bicycles from 1760 till now: all sorts of old bicycles and modern bicycles used for professional duties, leisure and sport. In the beginning, that was the heart of the collection of the cycling museum. After some years, the museum became more and more specialized in cycle-racing. So the museum has a lot of racing-bicycles, cycling-trophies and -souvenirs, cycling-clothes, portraits of racing cyclists etc.   

In one of the halls, you find a lot about the local world-champion Jean-Pierre Monseré, who lost his life as world-champion during a race in 1971. Another hall shows an old workshop of bicycle-maker Hallaert where you can learn about the technical evolution of the bicycle.

The cycling museum has a documentationcentre about cycling with a lot of photos, old newspapers and (cycling-)magazines, programme brochures and cycling archives. The museum publishes regular exhibition catalogues or books of exercises. Since 2012 the museum publishes the cycling-historic magazine ‘Etappe’.

Building 

The museum ‘WieMu’ is in the earlier fire-station. The station was built between 1899 and 1902. Till 1962 it was a fire-station. During World War I, German soldiers lived in the station. On 21 July 1917, it was bombed by British aircrafts. After the war it was rebuilt. The building was also used for several public services such as a festive hall, a school, sportaccommodation and a folkloristic museum. The building is now a classified monument and partly restored.

Belgium
1998 establishments in Europe
20th-century establishments in Belgium
Roeselare station

Station Roeselare is a railway-station on railway-line 66 (Bruges – Kortrijk) in the Belgian city of Roeselare. The station is the terminal station of the old abolished railway-line 64 (Ypres – Roeselare) and the also abolished railway-line 65 (Roeselare – Menen – French frontier).

Railway stations in Europe
Jacqueline Naze Tjøtta

Jacqueline Andrée Naze Tjøtta (1 June 1935 – 9 March 2017) was a French-born Norwegian mathematician. She became the first female mathematical sciences professor in Norway.

Naze was born in Montpellier, France. She graduated in mathematics from the Aix-Marseille University and Sorbonne, Paris. She married Norwegian mathematician Sigve Tjøtta in 1964. 

Naze was appointed professor in applied mathematics at the University of Bergen from 1966. Her research interests have focused on kinetic theory, magnetohydrodynamics and theoretical acoustics.
Naze died in Oslo, Norway on 9 March 2017, aged 81.

References

1935 births
2017 deaths
Disease-related deaths in Norway
French mathematicians
Norwegian scientists
French educators
Norwegian educators
People from Montpellier
Roya Saberi Negad Nobakht

Roya Saberi Negad Nobakht (Farsi: رویا صابری نژاد نوبخت) (born c. 1967) is a Iranian-British housewife who was put in prison after she returned to Iran to visit her family. While living in England, she wrote on Facebook that Iran was "too Islamic". The Iranian government put her in prison and accused her of “insulting Islamic sanctities”, a crime that carries death penalty.

Roya was born in Iran. In 1998 she emigrated to England.  Since 2008, she has lived in Stockport, near Manchester, England. In 2013 Roya returned to Iran to visit her family. Two weeks after she arrived, she flew to the city of Shiraz and was arrested by cyber police at the airport. Roya's husband, Daryoush Taghipoor, found out his wife was in prison when he traveled to the Middle East to look for her.

Arrest 

Roya was taken to Tehran and held at the notorious Evin prison.  In June 2014, Roya was tried by Branch 28 of the Revolutionary Court, and sentenced to 20 years in prison.

Seven other Facebook users were arrested along with Roya. The other seven names are Amir Golestani, Masoud Ghasemkhani, Fariborz Kardarfar, Seyed Masoud Seyed Talebi, Amin Akramipour, Mehdi Reyshahri, and Naghmeh Shahisavandi Shirazi.

In June 15 2016 five of the defendants called the "Facebook activists" were released from prison. After applying "Article 134", her sentence was reduced to five years, however she is still in Evin Prison.  She is in poor health and has frequent seizures.

Iran is accused of using innocent civilians as hostages to get payments from western countries.  In January 2016, the U.S. government paid Iran $1.7 billion in cash.  At the same time, Iran released five American citizens.

References  

British people
1967 births
Political prisoners
Living people
Sigve Tjøtta

Sigve Tjøtta (born 1 March 1930) is a Norwegian mathematician.

Early life
Tjøtta was born in Klepp, Norway. He studied at the University of Oslo, Brown University and at the Max Planck Institute.

Career
He was appointed docent at the University of Bergen in 1960, and was promoted to professor in 1963. He replaced Oddvar Bjørgum, and had the job for the university's education in applied mathematics.

His fields of research include plasma, nonlinear acoustics, hydroacoustics and acoustic streaming. He was also the dean of the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences from 1975 to 1977, and has held positions in NAVF, NTVF, and in the national committee of the International Union of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics. He has also been a visiting scholar at the University of Texas at Austin.

Personal life
Tjøtta married Jacqueline Naze, a colleague, in 1964. They lived in Oslo. Naze died in March 2017.

References

1930 births
Living people
Norwegian academics
Norwegian scientists
Norwegian mathematicians
Mai Dantsig

Mai Volfovich Dantsig (; ; April 27, 1930 – March 26, 2017) was a Belarusian artist. He was active during the Soviet era and independence of Belarus. He was thought to  have been one of the founders of the contemporary Belarusian art.

Dantsig was the author of many paintings and drawings related to World War II and Soviet partisans including the And the Saved World Remembers.

Dantsig died on March 26, 2017 in Minsk from heart failure caused by pneumonia, at the age of 86.

References

Other websites
Biography 
Interview with Mai Dantsig in the newspaper Vecherny Minsk May 10, 2005 
70 years of Dantsig  
Dantsig in Chagal museum  

1930 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from heart failure
Deaths from pneumonia
Artists
People from Minsk
Parameter (computer science)

In computer science, parameters are stored names of information that we want to use for a subroutine. These pieces of information, called values, are then passed on to the subroutine to be used as arguments. Then these arguments can affect how the program will run.

References

Computer science
Teodor Oizerman

Teodor Ilyich Oizerman (; 14 May 1914 – 25 March 2017) was a Soviet and Russian philosopher and academic.

Career
Oizerman was born in a Jewish family. He was a member of the Russian Academy of Sciences from 1981 until his death.  He received a doctorate, honoris causa, from the University of Jena in 1979 and the USSR State Prize in 1983. In 1979 Oizerman was awarded the Plekhanov prize for the monograph The Main Trends in Philosophy. He also served in the Anti-Zionist Committee of the Soviet Public.

Death
Oizerman died on 25 March 2017 in Moscow of congestive heart failure at the age of 102.

References

Other websites
 "Problems of the History of Philosophy" Translated from the Russian by Robert Daglish. Moscow: Progress Publishers, 1973.
 The main Trends in Philosophy. A Theoretical Analysis of the History of Philosophy. Translated by H. Campbell Creighton, M.A. (Oxon). Moscow: Progress Publishers, 1988.  (The book was in 1979 awarded the Plekhanov prize under the decision of the USSR Academy of Sciences)
 in HTML format
 in DjVu format (Internet Archive)

1914 births
2017 deaths
20th-century philosophers
21st-century philosophers
Deaths from congestive heart failure
Jewish academics
Jewish atheists
Jewish centenarians
Jewish philosophers
Russian communists
Russian Jews
Russian philosophers
Soviet Jews
Vladimir Kazachyonok

Vladimir Aleksandrovich Kazachyonok (; 6 September 1952 – 26 March 2017) was a Soviet football player and Russian coach. He was the academy director with FC Zenit Saint Petersburg until his death in 2017.

Kazachyonok made his debut for USSR on December 1, 1976 in a friendly against Brazil. He also played in a UEFA Euro 1980 qualifier against Finland.

Kazachyonok died on 26 March 2017 in Saint Petersburg, Russia from a suspected heart attack at the age of 64.

References

Other websites
  Profile

1952 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Russian footballers
Russian football managers
Jean Rouverol

Jean Rouverol (July 8, 1916 – March 24, 2017) was an American author, actress and screenwriter. She was blacklisted by the Hollywood movie studios in the 1950s. In 1943, Rouverol and her husband had joined the American Communist Party.

In the 1970s, Rouverol returned to writing. She scripted an episode of Little House on the Prairie, and after publishing three books in three years, she was hired as co-head writer for the CBS soap opera Guiding Light. Rouverol wrote scripts for Search for Tomorrow and As the World Turns. 

For many years Rouverol lived with actor Cliff Carpenter, who was another former blacklisted performer for many years. Rouverol died on March 24, 2017 at her home in Wingdale, New York at the age of 100.

References

1916 births
2017 deaths
Actors from St. Louis, Missouri
American centenarians
American communists
American movie actors
American screenwriters
American television writers
Deaths from natural causes
Disease-related deaths in New York
Writers from St. Louis, Missouri
Great spotted woodpecker

The great spotted woodpecker (Dendrocopos major) is a medium-sized woodpecker with black and white plumage and a red patch on the lower belly. Males and young birds also have red markings on the neck or head.

This species is found across Eurasia and parts of North Africa. It is usually resident, but in the north some migrate if the conifer cone crop fails.

Some individuals have recolonised Ireland and some have got to North America. Great spotted woodpeckers chisel into trees to find food or excavate nest holes, and also drum for contact and territorial advertisement. They have anatomical adaptations to manage the physical stresses from the hammering.

The bird occurs in all types of woodlands and eats a wide range of food. It gets seeds out of pine cones, insect larvae from inside trees, and chicks of other birds from their nests. It breeds in holes excavated in living or dead trees, unlined apart from wood chips. When the young fledge they are fed by the adults for about ten days.

References

Piciformes
Ferrous metal recycling

Metals containing iron are recycled, so the iron can be used again. Steel is the metal recycled the most. One way iron is recycled is by adding carbon, which can make steel.

Description 
Steel containers, cans, cars, appliances, and building materials are the most recycled things in the United States. In 2008, 97% of the amount of steel used to build things was recycled. More than the amount of steel used to make cars was recycled. Most appliances are about 75% steel.

Iron is recycled because it costs less to recycle it than to mine iron and make it usable.
Iron