cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Epidexipteryx

Epidexipteryx ('display feather') is a genus of small maniraptoran dinosaurs, known from one fossil specimen in Beijing. Epidexipteryx is the earliest known example of ornamental feathers in the fossil record. It is a small maniraptoran dinosaur from the Middle or Upper Jurassic age Daohugou Beds of Inner Mongolia, China (perhaps 160 to 168 million years ago).

Structure 
It is known from a well preserved partial skeleton that includes four long feathers on the tail, composed of a central rachis and vanes. However, unlike in modern-style tail feathers, the vanes were not branched but made up of a single ribbon-like sheet. Epidexipteryx also preserved a covering of simpler body feathers. They are unique in that some appear to arise from a "membranous structure".

In all, the skeleton of Epidexipteryx hui measures 25 centimeters (10 inches) in length (44.5 cm or 17.5 in including the incomplete tail feathers), and the authors estimated a weight of 164 grams, smaller than most other early dinobirds.

The skull of Epidexipteryx is also unique in a number of features. It had teeth only in the front of the jaws, with unusually long front teeth angled forward, a feature only seen in Masiakasaurus among other theropods. The tail of Epidexipteryx bore unusual vertebrae towards the tip which resembled the feather-anchoring pygostyle of modern birds and some oviraptors.

Despite its close relationship to avialan birds, Epidexipteryx appears to have lacked wing feathers, and so it could not fly. Zhang et al. suggest that unless Epidexipteryx evolved from flying ancestors and subsequently lost its wings, this may indicate that advanced display feathers on the tail may have predated flying or gliding flight.

Dating 
There is uncertainty about the age of the Daohugou Beds in which this fossil was found. Various papers have placed the fossils here anywhere from the Middle Jurassic (169 million years ago) to the Lower Cretaceous (122 ma). The age of this formation has implications for the relationship between similar dinosaurs, as well as for the origin of birds in general. A Middle Jurassic age would mean that the bird-like dinosaurs in the Daohugou beds are older than the 'first bird', Archaeopteryx, which was late Jurassic in age. Until this question is decided, the significance of Epidexipteryx (and other early dinobirds from that area) is not clear.

References

Other websites 
 

Coelurosaurs
Fossils
Jurassic dinosaurs
Driver

A driver is a person who controls a vehicle. A driver may be a job such as a bus driver or a hobby such as a race car driver. 

Vehicles
Taylor Lautner

Taylor Daniel Lautner (; born February 11 1992) is an American actor. He is best known for playing Jacob Black in the Twilight Saga movie series, though he has also been in family movies and done voiceover work for animated cartoons.

Early life 
Lautner was born in Grand Rapids, Michigan. His parents are Deborah, who works for a software development company, and Daniel Lautner, a commercial airline pilot. Lautner was raised as a Roman Catholic in Hudsonville, Michigan. He went to Jamestown Elementary School until the age of eleven, when the family moved to the Santa Clarita area. Lautner is of mostly Dutch, French, and German ancestry, and claims some Native American ancestry through his mother. He has a younger sister, Makena. He has learnt karate since the age of six.

Related pages 
 Twilight (2008 movie)

References 

1992 births
Living people
Actors from Michigan
American movie actors
American voice actors
Actors from Grand Rapids, Michigan
Hanyu Shuiping Kaoshi

The Hanyu Shuiping Kaoshi, (simplified Chinese: 汉语水平考试; traditional Chinese: 漢語水平考試; hanyu pinyin: Hànyǔ Shuǐpíng Kǎoshì), shortened as HSK, is the People's Republic of China's only standardized test of Standard Mandarin Chinese proficiency for non-native speakers, such as foreign students, overseas Chinese, and members of ethnic minority groups in China. It is also known as the "Chinese Proficiency Test".

Every year, HSK certificates are issued to those who score well enough. The HSK is primarily conducted in Simplified Chinese.

References

Other websites
 Hong Kong Test Centre (Yale-China Chinese Language Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong)

Chinese language
United Service Organizations

The United Service Organizations Inc. (USO) offers recreational support for members of the U.S. military. The USO provides programs in 140 centers worldwide funded by private and public donations and support from the United States Department of Defense. It is not a government agency.

USO Tours

USO works to boost military morale. Since 1941, the USO became the soldier's "home away from home" and began a tradition of entertaining the troops with live performances called Camp Shows that continues today. These "tours" typically feature big name actors or actresses, comedians, pop musicians, and pin-up models.

Support and services

The USO serves both in time of war and during time of peace. During the 1990s, the USO provided services to 5 million active duty service members and their families, and more support after start of the Afghanistan and Iraq wars.

References

Other websites

 
 USO Clubs in World War II
 
 President Bush speech USO World Gala, 2008: Text and video, Oct. 1, 2008

United States Army
1941 establishments in the United States
Symphony No.8 "Symphony of a Thousand" (Mahler)

Symphony No. 8 in E-flat major by Gustav Mahler (1860–1911) is one of the largest choral works in classical music.  It needs a huge orchestra to play it and a huge choir to sing.  Because so many performers are needed it is often called  "Symphony of a Thousand", but that is not a name that Mahler gave to it.

Mahler worked very hard at it, composing it in quite a short time at Maiernigg in southern Austria in the summer of 1906.  It was the last of Mahler's works that was to be given its first performance in his lifetime.  The symphony was given its first performance in Munich on 12 September 1910.

Symphonies are usually pieces of music played just by an orchestra, but Beethoven started a tradition of having singing in symphonies: his Ninth Symphony is the famous one with the Ode to Joy in the last movement.  Mahler took up this idea of combining singing with symphony.  His Symphonies Nos 2, 3, and 4 all have singing in them.  The next three are just for orchestra, but in No. 8 he uses singing again.

Symphony No. 8 is very unusual because he does not have the usual three or four movements with traditional forms such as sonata form.  The whole symphony is in two parts.  Part I is based on the Latin text of a ninth-century Christian hymn for Pentecost, Veni creator spiritus ("Come, Creator Spirit").  Part II is in German.  The words come from the closing scene of Goethe's Faust. 

The two parts have a common idea: the idea of being saved through the power of love. Musically Mahler does this by sharing tunes throughout the symphony.  The symphony expresses the confidence of the eternal human spirit.

For many years after Mahler’s death it was not often performed.  It is, of course, a very expensive symphony to perform because of the vast numbers of musicians needed.  It also needs to be performed in a very large concert hall.  Today it is played more often.  The 100th anniversary of its first performance will be celebrated in July 2010in the opening concert of the BBC Proms is the Royal Albert Hall, London.

Opinions about the symphony have been divided.  Some people did not think the optimism expressed in the music was really convincing.  Other people have said it is one of the greatest musical expressions of humanity.

Mahler 8
Symphony No. 08 (Mahler)
Faust
Fire hydrant

A fire hydrant, also known as a fire plug or johnny pump, is a tool used for fighting fires. They are usually found easily on streets, stuck to the road. The first fire hydrant recorded was in Philadelphia.

A fire hydrant is the primary method of firefighting in a municipal area. It is basically an outlet with a valve that provides water to the fire pumps or fire jeeps engaged in firefighting. Laws for keeping operational fire hydrants at specific intervals and with free access in buildings, factories, urban and developed areas are an important component of fire control and safety.

References 

Fire
Betty Grable

Betty Grable (18 December 1916 – 2 July 1973) was born Elizabeth Ruth Grable in St. Louis, Missouri. She was an American actress, dancer, singer, and model, famous for her legs. She insured her legs for $1,000,000.

Her swimsuit photo made her the number 1 pin-up girl during World War II. Her photo later appeared in LIFE magazine's "100 Photos that Changed the World".

She was awarded a star (a metal award plaque set in sidewalk cement) on the Hollywood Walk of Fame and a star on the St. Louis Walk of Fame. She died of lung cancer in Santa Monica, California at age 56.

Movies

She appeared in many movies:

 (1929) Happy Days
 (1930) Let's Go Places
 (1930) New Movietone Follies of 1930
 (1930) Whoopee!
 (1931) Kiki
 (1931) Palmy Days
 (1932) The Greeks Had a Word for Them
 (1932) Probation
 (1932) The Age of Consent
 (1932) Hold 'Em Jail
 (1932) The Kid from Spain
 (1933) Cavalcade
 (1933) Child of Manhattan
 (1933) Melody Cruise
 (1933) What Price Innocence?
 (1933) The Sweetheart of Sigma Chi
 (1934) The Gay Divorcee
 (1934) Student Tour
 (1934) By Your Leave
 (1935) The Nitwits
 (1935) Old Man Rhythm
 (1936) Collegiate
 (1936) Follow the Fleet
 (1936) Don't Turn 'em Loose
 (1936) Pigskin Parade
 (1937) This Way Please
 (1937) Thrill of a Lifetime
 (1938) College Swing
 (1938) Give Me a Sailor
 (1938) Campus Confessions
 (1939) Man About Town
 (1939) Million Dollar Legs
 (1939) The Day the Bookies Wept
 (1940) Down Argentine Way
 (1940) Tin Pan Alley
 (1941) Moon over Miami
 (1941) A Yank in the RAF
 (1941) I Wake Up Screaming
 (1942) Song of the Islands
 (1942) Footlight Serenade
 (1942) Springtime in the Rockies
 (1943) Coney Island
 (1943) Sweet Rosie O'Grady
 (1944) Four Jills in a Jeep
 (1944) Pin Up Girl
 (1945) Diamond Horseshoe
 (1945) The Dolly Sisters
 (1946) Do You Love Me
 (1947) The Shocking Miss Pilgrim
 (1947) Mother Wore Tights
 (1948) That Lady in Ermine
 (1948) When My Baby Smiles at Me
 (1949) The Beautiful Blonde from Bashful Bend
 (1950) Wabash Avenue
 (1950) My Blue Heaven
 (1951) Call Me Mister
 (1951) Meet Me After the Show
 (1953) The Farmer Takes a Wife
 (1953) How to Marry a Millionaire
 (1955) Three for the Show
 (1955) How to Be Very, Very Popular

References

Other websites

 
 
 
 Betty Grable: A Tribute 
 BettyGrable.net
 Vintage People 
 Betty Grable Photo Tribute
 Betty Grable Portraits
 St. Louis Walk of Fame 
 

1916 births
1973 deaths
Actors from St. Louis, Missouri
American dancers
American movie actors
American television actors
Cancer deaths in California
Deaths from lung cancer
Singers from Missouri
Charles Mackerras

Sir Charles Mackerras, (born 17 November 1925; died 14 July 2010) was an Australian conductor. He was very famous for his conducting of operas, especially the operas of Janáček and Mozart, and the comic operas of Gilbert and Sullivan.

Mackerras was born in Schenectady, New York, and was brought up in Sydney, Australia. He went to the New South Wales Conservatory to study oboe, piano and composing. He became an oboe player with the Sydney Symphony Orchestra during World War II, and was made the principal oboist in 1946. He conducted the orchestra at the opening of the Sydney Opera House in 1973. Five years later he was the first Australian conductor to be the orchestra's principal conductor.

Mackerras received many honours, including Companion of the Order of Australia, Order of the Companions of Honour, Commander of the Order of the British Empire (1979).

He died from cancer in London, where he lived for many years.

References

1925 births
2010 deaths

People from Schenectady, New York
Conductors
Grammy Award winners
Oboists
Order of Australia
Gilbert and Sullivan
Renault Mégane

The Renault Mégane is a car produced by Renault in three generations since 1995.

First generation (1995–2003) 
The first Mégane arrived in late 1995 to replace the 19. It came in many bodystyles and engines, the model formed the basis for the Scenic, Europe's first compact MPV which arrived in late 1996. The range was facelifted in April 1999 and an estate/wagon version appeared but wasn't sold in the UK. Although a new Mégane arrived in late 2002, the original was sold into 2003 until all bodystyles were redesigned.

Models

Engines

Petrol engines 
 1.4 51 kW (69 hp) and 55 kW (75 hp)
 1.4 16V 70 kW (95 hp)
 1.6 55 kW (75 hp) and 66 kW (90 hp)
 1.6 16V 79 kW (107 hp)
 1.8 16V 85 kW (115 hp)
 2.0 84 kW (114 hp)
 2.0 16V 110 kW (150 hp)
 2.0 IDE 103 kW (140 hp)

Diesel engines 
 1.9 D 47 kW (64 hp)
 1.9 dT 66 kW (90 hp)
 1.9 dTi 59 kW (80 hp) and 72 kW (98 hp)
 1.9 dCi 75 kW (102 hp)

Second generation (2002–2010) 
The second Mégane arrived in late 2002 with the hatchback models, other versions appeared during 2003. The hatchback models became known for their distinctive rear end styling which resulted in Renault doing an advert for it based on that. It was facelifted in early 2006.

Models

Engines

Petrol engines 
 1.4 16V 60 kW (82 hp) and 72 kW (98 hp)
 1.6 16V 82 kW (112 hp)
 2.0 16V 99 kW (135 hp)
 2.0 16V Turbo 120 kW (163 hp)
 2.0 16V Turbo RS 165 kW (225 hp)

Diesel engines 
 1.5 dCi 60 kW (82 hp), 63 kW (86 hp), 74 kW (100 hp) and 78 kW (106 hp)
 1.9 dCi 66 kW (90 hp), 81 kW (110 hp), 85 kW (115 hp), 88 kW (120 hp) and 96 kW (130 hp)
 2.0 dCi 110 kW (150 hp)
 2.0 dCi RS 127 kW (173 hp)

Third generation (2008–2016) 
The third Mégane arrived in late 2008 with the hatchback and coupe models. Other models arrived during 2009. It received a mild facelift in 2012 then a more thorough one in late 2013. It entered its fourth generation in 2016.

Models

Engines

Petrol engines 
 1.6 16V 74 kW (100 hp) and 81 kW (110 hp)
 1.4 TCe 96 kW (130 hp)
 2.0 16V 103 kW (140 hp)
 2.0 TCe 132 kW (180 hp)
 2.0 TCe Renault Sport 184 kW (250 hp)

Diesel engines 
 1.5 dCi 66 kW (90 hp), 78 kW (106 hp) and 81 kW (110 hp)
 1.9 dCi 96 kW (130 hp)
 2.0 dCi 118 kW (160 hp)

Megane
1990s automobiles
2000s automobiles
2010s automobiles
Ryan Atwood

Ryan Atwood is a fictional character on the show The O.C. He is played by Benjamin Mckenzie. He is from Chino, California. He is with Marissa Cooper as his girlfriend. He also graduated from Berkely University.

Television characters

pl:Lista postaci serialu Życie na fali#Ryan Atwood
Renault Laguna

The Renault Laguna is a car produced by Renault in three generations from 1994 to 2015.

First generation (1994–2001) 

The first Laguna arrived in early 1994 to replace the 21, it came as a hatchback at first and then it was joined by an estate/wagon version in late 1995. It got a facelift in 1998.

Engines

Petrol engines 
 1.6 16V 79 kW (107 hp)
 1.8 69 kW (94 hp)
 1.8 16V 88 kW (120 hp)
 2.0 84 kW (114 hp)
 2.0 16V 102 kW (139 hp)
 2.0 S 103 kW (140 hp)
 3.0 V6 123 kW (167 hp) and 140 kW (190 hp)

Diesel engines 
 1.9 dTi 72 kW (98 hp)
 1.9 dCi 79 kW (107 hp)
 2.2 D 63 kW (86 hp)
 2.2 dT 83 kW (113 hp)

Second generation (2000–2007) 
The second Laguna arrived at the end of 2000 and again, hatchback and estate/wagon bodystyles were offered. In 2001, it became the first car to receive 5 stars in the Euro NCAP crash testing, making it one the safest models at the time. It received a facelift in March 2005.

Engines

Petrol engines 
 1.6 16V 79 kW (107 hp) and 82 kW (112 hp)
 1.8 16V 88 kW (120 hp)
 2.0 16V 99 kW (135 hp)
 2.0 IDE 103 kW (140 hp)
 2.0 16V Turbo 120 kW (163 hp), 125 kW (170 hp) and 151 kW (205 hp)
 3.0 V6 152 kW (207 hp)

Diesel engines 
 1.9 dCi 68 kW (92 hp), 77 kW (105 hp), 79 kW (107 hp), 81 kW (110 hp), 88 kW (120 hp) and 96 kW (130 hp)
 2.0 dCi 110 kW (150 hp) and 127 kW (173 hp)
 2.2 dCi 102 kW (139 hp) and 110 kW (150 hp)

Third generation (2007–2015) 
The third Laguna went on sale in October 2007 and became available in hatchback, estate/wagon and coupe bodystyles. It received a mild facelift in late 2010. Then in 2015 it was replaced by a new model called the Talisman.

Engines

Petrol engines 
 1.6 16V 81 kW (110 hp)
 2.0 16V 103 kW (140 hp)
 2.0 16V Turbo 125 kW (170 hp) and 150 kW (204 hp)
 3.5 V6 175 kW (238 hp)

Diesel engines 
 1.5 dCi 81 kW (110 hp)
 2.0 dCi 96 kW (130 hp), 110 kW (150 hp), 127 kW (173 hp) and 131 kW (178 hp)
 3.0 V6 dCi 173 kW (235 hp)

thumb|Laguna
1990s automobiles
2000s automobiles
2010s automobiles
Tata Indica

The Tata Indica is a car produced by Tata Motors in two generations from 1998 to 2015. Between 2003 and 2005, it was sold in the UK as the Rover CityRover but the car was not a success there.

First generation (1998–2008)

Models

Engines

Petrol engines 
 1.2 49 kW (65 hp)
 1.4 52 kW (70 hp)

Diesel engines 
 1.4 D 40 kW (44 hp)
 1.4 TD 46 kW (62 hp) and 51 kW (69 hp)
 1.4 Dicor 52 kW (70 hp)
 1.9 TD 52 kW (70 hp)

Second generation (2008–2015)

Engines

Petrol engines 
 1.2 SaFire 48 kW (65 hp)

Diesel engines 
 1.3 Quadrajet 16V 55 kW (75 hp)
 1.4 TD 16V 53 kW (72 hp)

1990s automobiles
2000s automobiles
2010s automobiles
Market capitalization

Market capitalization (often market cap) is a measurement of the size of a business corporation. It is equal to the price of one share of stock, times the number of shares of stock in a public company. Owning stock in a company is owning a part of the company. Market capitalization shows the public opinion of a company's value. The total market capitalization of all publicly traded companies in the world was US$51.2 trillion in January 2007. In May 2008 it rose to US$57.5 trillion,<ref
name="world-exchanges.org">WFE Report Generator including report for Domestic Market Capitalization 2008  (World Federation of Exchanges)</ref> but by September 2008 had dropped to a little more than US$40 trillion.

Valuation 
Market capitalization represents the public opinion of the value of a company's equity. A public corporation, including all of its assets, may be bought and sold as stock. These purchases and sales will define the price of the company's share price. Market capitalization is the share price times by the number of shares in issue. This provides a total value for the company's shares and the value the company.

Some companies have stock that is privately owned, and not publicly traded. Many Stock markets adjust the market cap on the value of the publicly traded part of the company. In this case, market capitalization is based on the publicly traded stocks.

Note that market capitalization is a market estimate of a company's value. It is based how the public believes the company will perform in the future. There are many things that can affect the stock price. These include economic conditions and mergers and acquisitions.

Categorization of companies by capitalization 
In the past, companies were separated into large-cap, mid-cap, and small-cap. New categories 'micro-cap' and 'nano-cap' have been added. There are general guidelines to know what category a company is in. These guidelines are adjusted over time due to changes in the market and the economy. For example, $1 billion was a large market cap in 1950 but it is not very large now. 

Different numbers are used by different stock markets. There is no official definition of the exact cutoffs. They also may be done by percentiles rather than fixed cutoffs.

Related measures 
Market cap reflects only the equity value of a company. A more comprehensive measure is enterprise value (EV), which includes debt and other factors.
Insurance firms use a value called the embedded value (EV).

References

Other websites 
 How to Value Assets - from the Washington State (U.S.) government web site

Business
Legal terms
Fiat Stilo

The Fiat Stilo is a car produced by Fiat from 2001 to 2007. The car was a modest sales success across Europe.

Models

Engines

Petrol engines 
 1.2 16V 59 kW (80 hp)
 1.4 16V 66 kW (90 hp) and 70 kW (95 hp)
 1.6 16V 76 kW (103 hp) and 77 kW (105 hp)
 1.8 16V 98 kW (133 hp)
 2.4 20V 125 kW (170 hp)

Diesel engines 
 1.9 JTD 59 kW (80 hp), and 85 kW (116 hp)
 1.9 Multijet 8V 74 kW (100 hp) and 88 kW (120 hp)
 1.9 Multijet 16V 103 kW (140 hp) and 110 kW (150 hp)

Stilo
2000s automobiles
2010s automobiles
Fiat Doblò

The Fiat Doblò is a car produced by Fiat in two generations since 2000.

First generation (2000–2009)

Models

Engines

Petrol engines 
 1.2 8V 48 kW (65 hp)
 1.2 16V 59 kW (80 hp)
 1.4 8V 57 kW (78 hp)
 1.6 16V 76 kW (103 hp)

Diesel engines 
 1.3 Multijet 16V 51 kW (69 hp), 55 kW (75 hp) and 62 kW (84 hp)
 1.9 D 8V 46 kW (63 hp)
 1.9 JTD 8V 74 kW (101 hp)
 1.9 Multijet 8V 77 kW (105 hp) and 88 kW (120 hp)

BiPower engines 
 1.6 Natural Power 16V CNG 76 kW (103 hp)

Second generation (2009–present)

Models

Engines

Petrol engines 
 1.4 16V 70 kW (95 hp)
 1.4 T-Jet 88 kW (120 hp)

Diesel engines 
 1.3 Multijet 16V 66 kW (90 hp)
 1.6 Multijet 16V 66 kW (90 hp) and 77 kW (105 hp)
 2.0 Multijet 16V 99 kW (135 hp)

BiPower engines 
 1.4 Turbo Natural Power 16V CNG 88 kW (120 hp)

Doblò
1990s automobiles
2000s automobiles
2010s automobiles
Payment

A payment is the transfer of something from one party to another.  Giving money to a company is a payment, for example.  A payment is usually made for goods or services.

The oldest form of payment is barter.  Barter is a simple form of payment.  It is the transfer of one good or service for another. 

Today, payment is usually with money, cheque, debit, credit, bank transfer, or mobile payment.  In transfers between businesses, sometimes payments can be complicated, with stock and other things.

In law, the payer is the party that sends the payment and the payee is the party that gets the payment.

Money
Finance
Commerce
Pedro Martinez

Pedro Jaime Abreu Martínez, known as Pedro Martínez (born October 25, 1971), is a Dominican pitcher who played for five Major League Baseball teams from 1992 to 2008—the Los Angeles Dodgers, Montreal Expos, Boston Red Sox, New York Mets, and Philadelphia Phillies. Martínez is one of 18 pitchers in MLB history with 3,000 career strikeouts, was named to eight All-Star Game rosters, won the Cy Young Award as the top pitcher in the National League once and the American League twice, and helped the Red Sox to a World Series victory in 2004, the team's first since 1918. Martínez was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 2015, the first year in which he could be elected.

He is also notable for having pushed aside New York Yankees bench coach Don Zimmer during a baseball brawl.

1971 births
Living people
Dominican Republic sportspeople
Remy Zero

Remy Zero was a alternative rock band. The band made the theme song for the television series Smallville. The band broke up in 2003.

References 

American rock bands
Post-grunge bands
Musical groups from Alabama
Entertainers from Birmingham, Alabama
Matthew Broderick

Matthew Broderick (born March 21, 1962) is an American actor. He was born and raised in New York City. He is partly of Jewish descent (his mother was Jewish), and considers himself Jewish. He starred in many movies, including Ferris Bueller's Day Off, Godzilla and The Lion King. Broderick married Sarah Jessica Parker in 1997.

Filmography

Film

Television

References

Other websites

1962 births
Living people
Actors from Manhattan
American movie actors
American stage actors
American television actors
American voice actors
Jewish American actors
Tony Award winning actors
Everyone Says I Love You

Everyone Says I Love You is a 1996 American movie directed by Woody Allen. It stars Allen, Alan Alda, Drew Barrymore, Tim Roth, Natalie Portman and Julia Roberts. It was released in December 1996.

References

1990s musical movies
1996 comedy movies
American musical comedy movies
Movies directed by Woody Allen
English-language movies
Hurricane Allen

Hurricane Allen was an extremely powerful hurricane in 1980. The storm smashed through the Caribbean, Mexico and South Texas in August 1980. Over 200 were killed and damages were $1 billion (1980 USD). The winds of this hurricane reached 190 miles an hour, tying Hurricane Camille for highest wind speeds in any Atlantic Tropical Cyclone. Allen was one of the most powerful Atlantic tropical storms in recorded history. The name Allen was later retired in Spring of 1981 and replaced with Andrew, which in turn was retired because of the destructive 1992 hurricane.

Hurricanes in Mexico
Deadly storms
Hurricanes in the United States
1980
1980s in Mexico
1980s in Texas
Category 5 Atlantic hurricanes
Housecleaning

Housecleaning is what people do to remove mess, trash, and dirt from where they live and put things where they belong so the house looks neat.

Housecleaning makes it easier to see the floor and furniture without clutter in the way. It also leaves fewer places for spiders and insects to live and removes dust so that people in the house can breathe more easily. Housecleaning may be sweeping the floor with a broom, cleaning rugs with a vacuum cleaner, cleaning clothes and putting them away, and washing windows. Washing a sponge, squeezing out the water, and placing it on a dish rack to dry is also part of housecleaning.

Clutter 
Clutter is things that either should not be in the house at all or have been put in the wrong place.  A teacup in the middle of the floor is clutter.  A teacup on its shelf is not clutter.  Places people put things away on shelves, in drawers, and on hangers.

Health 
Cleaning the house removes germs, dust and other things that can harm health.

Dust allergies 
Dust can make people sneeze, cough, and get watery eyes. Dust can give people esrash and trouble breathing. Dust can come from smoke, cotton, small bits of soap, pollen, mold spores, dried cat saliva, pieces of spider web, skin flakes, cloth fibers, insect fibers, or tiny bits of food.

Cleaning chemicals 
There are five main kinds of chemicals that people use for housecleaning:
 Surfactants help water get things wet faster. 
 Alkaline chemicals like soap and baking soda can make mud and grease easier to wash away.
 Acidic chemicals like vinegar and orange juice can make mustard, wine, tea, coffee, rust, dry soap suds, and limescale easier to wash away.
 Flammable solvents like turpentine can make paint easier to wash away.
 Disinfectants kill germs, fungus, and mold.

References 
 Bredenberg, Jeff, Managing Editor; Researchers, writers and others. 1998. Clean It Fast, Clean It Right: THE ULTIMATE GUIDE to Making Absolutely Everything You Own Sparkle & Shine. Emmaus, PA: Rodale, Inc     paperback www.rodalestore.com
Gove, P. B. and others. 1961. Housecleaning. Webster’s Third New International Dictionary of the English Language, Unabridged. Springfield, MA: G. & C. Merriam Company.

Other websites 
Bredenberg, Jeff. 1998. Clean It Fast, Clean It Right . . . Emmaus, PA: Rodale, Inc hardcover. 

Home
Tom Welling

Tom Welling (born 26 April 1977) is an American actor and is the main character on Smallville as Clark Kent.

References

1977 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
Actors from New York
Make Way for Ducklings

Make Way for Ducklings is a children's picture book written and illustrated by Robert McCloskey. It was first printed in 1941. The book is about two mallard ducks who decide to raise their family on an island in the lagoon in Boston Public Garden, a park in the middle of Boston, Massachusetts.

Make Way for Ducklings won the 1942 Caldecott Medal for McCloskey's pictures, drawn in charcoal, then lithographed on zinc. In 2003, the book had sold more than two million copies. The book was so popular a statue of a mother duck and her eight ducklings were set up in the Public Garden. In 1991, Barbara Bush gave a copy of this statue to Raisa Gorbachev as part of the START Treaty, and the work is in Moscow's Novodevichy Park.

The book is the official children's book of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. The book is still highly praised for over 60 years because of its pictures and pace. However, it was criticised for having a loose plot (story) and weak characters. The book is very popular around the world.

References 

1941 books
English-language picture books
Sequence dance

Sequence dancing is a form of dance in which there is a preset pattern of movements, to music. The music is usually also preset. Sequence dancing may include dances of many different styles. The term may include ballroom dances, which move round the floor, as well as line, square and circle dances.

Sequence dancing in general is much older than modern ballroom dances. With the exception of the waltz, invented around 1800, all dances in ballrooms were sequence dances until the early 20th century. The quadrille was one example, the minuet another.

After modern ballroom dancing developed, in England, sequence dancing continued. It included so-called 'Old Time' dances and also adapted versions of the new ballroom dances, and then versions of Latin dances. Sequence dancing is a competitive sport as well as a social pastime.

The British Sequence Championships is the most famous annual sequence dance competition and is part of the Blackpool Sequence Dance Festival.  This is held in the Empress Ballroom, Winter Gardens, Blackpool, England, since 1949.

References 

Dance types
Škoda Felicia

The Škoda Felicia was a car produced by Škoda Auto. It replaced the Favorit in 1994 with a facelift in 1998. Its successor, Škoda Fabia, was introduced in 1999, but the Felicia still continued until 2001 in estate form until it was replaced by the Fabia version.

Versions

Engines 
 1.3 40 kW (54 hp) and 50 kW (68 hp)
 1.6 55 kW (75 hp)
 1.9 D 47 kW (64 hp)

Felicia
1990s automobiles
2000s automobiles
Minos

Minos was the mythical first king of Crete,  son of Zeus and Europa.  The following stories are mythological, and have no real historical basis.

Every nine years, he made King Aegeus pick seven young boys and seven young girls to be sent to Daedalus' creation, the labyrinth, to be eaten by the Minotaur. After his death, Minos became a judge of the dead in the underworld. 

He once had a wife named Pasophae. Minos upset the Greek gods by cheating them in a sacrifice. He told Poseidon that he would sacrifice a beautiful bull that Poseidon gave him after he used it. Instead, he switched it with another bull. They punished him by having Pasophae fall in love with a bull.

Pasophae asked Daedalus to help her, so Daedalus made a mechanical cow for her, and she got into it. The bull mated with the wooden cow and Pasophae had a child. It was the Minotaur, half human, half bull. 

King Minos took the Minotaur and put it in a labrynth, or maze, built by Daedalus.  When he was in possession of all of Crete he ordered that fourteen young people come to him to be sacrificed to the Minotaur.  Theseus volunteered to be one of them, and went there with daughter, Ariadne. He killed the Minotaur in the labyrinth.

The Minoan civilization was later named after him by Arthur Evans. Evans was the archaeologist who discovered and excavated the palace of Knossos in Crete.

References 

 http://www.makrigialos.com/default.php?param=minos
 http://www.maicar.com/GML/Minos2.html
 http://www.in2greece.com/english/historymyth/mythology/names/minos.htm

People in Greek mythology
Paso doble

The Paso doble is a dance and music based on the Spanish bullfight. It is the music played at bullfights at the procession of the bullfighters, between stages, and at the end of each session. The dance is based on the way matadors perform in the ring.

Dance 
In the dance, the man takes the part of the matador, and the woman takes the part of the man's cape (not the bull!). The man's stance (the way he stands) should be proud, and when he has a free arm it should be held slightly bent, rather as matadors do. The photograph of the ice dancers gives a perfect example of what dancers should aim for in this style.

The paso doble is one of the five International Latin ballroom dances. It gives a very good contrast in style with the four other dances. Although so Spanish in style and origin, the dance techniques were first developed in Paris. Later, in mid 20th century London, the Latin and American dances took on their present form.

Music 
The music is scored in 2/4 time. It is a march-like type of music, and as a dance it is a two-step (paso doble = two-step). It is played at about 60/62 bars (measures) a minute for dancers.

The most famous piece of paso doble music is the España Cañí or Spanish Gypsy Dance. A sample of La Gracia de Dios gives an idea of the rhythm.

References

Other websites

 

Latin dances
Music genres
Spanish culture
Daedalus

Daedalus was King Minos' head architect in ancient Greece and son of Athena.  When King Minos of Crete was having some sovereignty problems, he asked Poseidon, god of the sea, for an offering to sacrifice to him as a sign as true kingship.  So Poseidon sent a snow-white bull straight out of the sea foam.  Once the people of Crete saw the bull, they all agreed that it was a sign of true kingship.  However, once King Minos saw the bull, he refused to sacrifice the bull, kept it for himself, and sacrificed another bull to Poseidon, thus angering him.  Poseidon put a curse on Minos’ wife, making her fall in love with the bull.  She loved it so much that she wanted to mate with it.  Minos called for the help of Daedalus, who built a wooden bull and put Queen Pasiphae inside it, thus calming her anxiety for mating with the bull.  She soon became pregnant with half-man, half-bull (also called the Minotaur).  

King Minos was horrified and asked Daedalus to build some kind of prison to keep the Minotaur from destroying Crete.  So Daedalus built a labyrinth that was so complicated that the Minotaur could not get out.  Only Daedalus knew the course of the labyrinth.  Minos was afraid that Daedalus would tell the route through the labyrinth, and that he would tell that the Minotaur was the son of Minos' wife, he imprisoned Daedalus and his son Icarus, in a high tower.  Daedalus made some wings that he strapped to his and Icarus’ arms and together they escaped from the tower.  However, Icarus, forgetting his father’s words, flew too close to the sun, and the wax that held the feathers together melted.  Icarus fell into the ocean and drowned.  Daedalus landed safely on an island, and in grief, he named the sea that he and Icarus had flown across the Icarian Sea.

Other websites 
http://www.pantheon.org/articles/m/minos.html 

People in Greek mythology
Emergency medical dispatcher

An emergency medical dispatcher is a person who answers telephone calls to the emergency medical services and sends out the ambulances. For each call they much decide if an ambulance is needed and which one should be sent. They also help the caller with their problems until the ambulance arrives.

Medical emergencies
Santa Cruz, Chile

Santa Cruz is a Chilean commune in the Province of Colchagua, O'Higgins. The town was founded as Santa Cruz de Unco, in an unknown date.

Cities in Chile
Settlements in the Region of O'Higgins
Bircham International University

Bircham International University is an educational institution of higher education. It uses distance education. It offers adult degree programs. It is registered in Spain and Delaware. In the past it operated from the Bahamas or the United Kingdom. It has no recognized educational accreditation in any of these places.

It is a member of the European Foundation for Quality in eLearning. It is also a member of the International Accreditation and Recognition Council, an unrecognized accreditation agency in the United States. Bircham states that it was accredited by the American Association for Higher Education and Accreditation in 2010. This organization is not a recognized accreditation body.

References

Other websites
 Bircham International University official website

1992 establishments
Drew Hankinson

Drew Hankinson (born December 22, 1983 in Cumberland, Maryland) is a professional wrestler that currently works for New Japan Pro Wrestling under the ring name Doc Gallows and is a member of the wrestling stable Bullet Club.

He has also worked for WWE where he performed under the ring name Festus and teamed with Jesse. He also competed under the ring name Luke Gallows and was a member of the wrestling stable Straight Edge Society with CM Punk, Serena Deeb and Joey Mercury.

Other websites
New Japan Pro Wrestling profile 

1983 births
Former WWE wrestlers
Living people
Sportspeople from Maryland
Total Nonstop Action Wrestling alumni
Emirates (airline)

Emirates is an airline based in the United Arab Emirates. They are a subsidiary of The Emirates Group. They are the seventh biggest airline in the world, by number of passengers. Emirates Airline is the largest major airline in the Middle East. It is an airline based in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. It runs more than 2400 passenger flights per week from its hub at Dubai International Airport Terminal 3, to 108 places in 60 countries. It goes to countries on six continents. Emirates is a part of The Emirates Group, which has more than 50,000 employees, and is owned fully by the Government of Dubai directly under the Investment Corporation of Dubai. Cargo activities are done by the Emirates Group's Emirates SkyCargo division.

Arsenal, The English Premier League (Barclay's Premier League) is sponsored by the Airline.

Destinations
Emirates operate the following with cargo and passenger flights;
  Africa
Abidjan, Accra, Addis Ababa, Algiers, Cairo, Cape Town, Casablanca, Conakry, Dakar, Dar es Salaam, Djibouti (cargo), Durban, Eldoret (cargo), Entebbe, Harare, Johannesburg, Khartoum, Lagos, Lilongwe (cargo), Luanda, Lusaka, Mauritius, Nairobi, Seychelles, Tripoli, Tunis
  Americas
Boston, Buenos Aires, Campinas (cargo), Chicago (cargo), Dallas/Fort Worth, Houston, Los Angeles, New York, Newark, Orlando, Rio de Janeiro, San Francisco, São Paulo, Seattle, Toronto, Washington–Dulles
  Asia

Ahmedabad, Almaty (cargo), Amman, Baghdad, Bahrain, Bangalore, Bangkok, Basra, Beijing, Beirut, Chennai, Chittagong (cargo), Clark, Cochin, Colombo, Dammam, Delhi, Dhahran, Dhaka, Dubai, Erbil, Guangzhou, Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh City, Hong Kong, Hyderabad, Islamabad, Jakarta, Jeddah, Kabul, Karachi, Kolkata, Kozhikode, Kuala Lumpur, Kuwait City, Lahore, Maldives, Manila, Medina, Mumbai, Muscat, Osaka, Peshawar, Phuket, Riyadh, Sana'a, Seoul, Shanghai, Sialkot, Singapore, Taipei, Tehran, Tokyo, Thiruvanathapuram
  Europe
Amsterdam, Athens, Barcelona, Birmingham, Copenhagen, Dublin, Düsseldorf, Frankfurt, Geneva, Glasgow, Gothenburg (cargo), Hamburg, Istanbul, Kiev, Larnaca, Lisbon, London, Lyon, Madrid, Malta, Manchester, Milan, Moscow, Munich, Newcastle, Nice, Paris, Prague, Rome, Saint Petersburg, Stockholm, Venice, Vienna, Warsaw, Zaragoza (cargo), Zurich
 ''' Oceania
Adelaide, Auckland, Brisbane, Christchurch, Melbourne, Perth, Sydney

Current fleet

, the Emirates mainline fleet consists of the following widebody aircraft:

Executive aircraft
As of January 2020, the Emirates Executive fleet consists of the following aircraft:

References

Airlines of the Middle East
United Arab Emirates
San Jose State Spartans

San Jose State Spartans is the name of the different sport teams at San Jose State University. The teams compete in the Western Athletic Conference (WAC) at the NCAA Division I level. (Football Bowl Subdivision which used to be known as Division 1-A for football.) The university has taken part in athletics since its baseball team began in 1890. 

San Jose State University sports teams have won in the NCAA in track and field, cross country running, golf, and boxing. By 2008, SJSU had won 10 NCAA team championships and 50 NCAA Division 1 champions. SJSU also has an international reputation for judo, winning 43 out of 46 collegiate national championships in the sport (by 2008).  

People who once went to SJSU have won 18 Olympic medals (including seven gold medals) since the gold medal won by Willie Steel in track and field in the 1948 Olympics. These people have won medals in swimming, judo and boxing. 

The track team coached by "Bud" Winter earned San Jose the nickname "Speed City," and has included Olympic medalists and social activists Lee Evans, John Carlos and Tommie Smith. Smith and Carlos are remembered for giving the raised fist salute from the medalist's podium during the 1968 Summer Olympic Games in Mexico City.

In 2008 head coaches from the men’s soccer, baseball, women’s gymnastics, and women’s golf programs had all been named the conference “Coach of the Year.”

Current athletics programs
As of 2009, San Jose State University competes at the Division 1 level in each of the following sports:

Baseball
Basketball (Men)
Basketball (Women)
Cross Country (Men)
Cross Country (Women)
Football
Golf (Men)
Golf (Women)
Gymnastics (Women)
Soccer (Men)
Soccer (Women)
Softball
Swimming/Diving (Women)
Tennis (Women)
Volleyball (Women)
Water Polo (Women)

References

Sports clubs
Western Athletic Conference
Sports in California
Mossad

The Mossad (, ) is the national intelligence agency of Israel.
Its full name is Institute for Intelligence and Special Operations ( HaMossad leModi'in uleTafkidim Meyuchadim,  al-Mūssād li'l-Istikhbārāt wa'l-Mahāmm al-Khāṣṣa). "Mossad" is a Hebrew word for institute or institution. Its main job is to gather information and perform operations to keep Israel safe from terrorist groups.

The Mossad gathers intelligence information and performs covert operations, which include paramilitary activities.
It is one of the main entities in the Israeli Intelligence Community, along with Aman (military intelligence) and Shin Bet (internal security), but its director reports directly to the Prime Minister.
Fiat Idea

The Fiat Idea is a car produced by Fiat from 2003 to 2012.

Models

Engines

Petrol engines 
 1.2 16V 59 kW (80 hp)
 1.4 8V 57 kW (78 hp)
 1.4 16V 70 kW (95 hp)

Diesel engines 
 1.3 Multijet 16V 51 kW (69 hp) and 66 kW (90 hp)
 1.3 Multijet II 16V 70 kW (95 hp)
 1.6 Multijet 16V 88 kW (120 hp)
 1.9 Multijet 8V 74 kW (101 hp)

Idea
Front wheel drive vehicles
2000s automobiles
2010s automobiles
Fiat Fiorino

The Fiat Fiorino is a car produced by Fiat in three generations since 1977.

First generation (1977–1988)

Models

Engines

Petrol engines 
 0.9 33 kW (45 hp)
 1.05 37 kW (50 hp)

Diesel engines 
 1.3 D 33 kW (45 hp)

Second generation (1988–present)

Models

Engines

Petrol engines 
 1.0 8V
 1.2 8V
 1.4 8V
 1.5 8V

Diesel engines 
 1.7 D 8V
 1.7 TD 8V

Third generation (2007–present)

Models

Engines

Petrol engines 
 1.4 8V 54 kW (73 hp)

Diesel engines 
 1.3 Multijet 16V 55 kW (75 hp)

BiPower engines 
 1.4 Natural Power 8V CNG 57 kW (78 hp)

Fiorino
1970s automobiles
1980s automobiles
1990s automobiles
2000s automobiles
2010s automobiles
DC Shoes

DC Shoes is an American shoe company that was formed in 1993 by Ken Block and Damon Way, the company also manufactures shirts, hats, snowboards, jeans, and jackets.

DC Shoes was bought by Quiksilver in 2004.

American clothing companies
1993 establishments in the United States
Companies based in California
Tigger

Tigger is a fictional tiger. He has orange fur with black stripes. He was first written about in A. A. Milne's book The House at Pooh Corner. He is easily recognized by his beady eyes, long chin, springy tail, and bouncy personality. As he says himself, "Bouncing is what Tiggers do best." Like other Pooh characters, Tigger is based on one of Christopher Robin Milne's stuffed animals.

Characters in written fiction
Fictional animals
Disney characters
Kingdom Hearts characters
Brewer, Maine

Brewer is a town in the northern U.S. state of Maine. It is next to Bangor, Maine. In 2000, about 8,987 people lived there.

Towns in Maine
Curt Hawkins and Zack Ryder

Curt Hawkins and Zack Ryder were a tag-team that competed in the WWE.

They were originally called the Major Brothers and were later renamed Curt Hawkins and Zack Ryder. The team was also called the Edge Heads. They dressed as fans of Edge and helped him during matches.

Other websites
Curt Hawkins WWE profile
Zack Ryder WWE profile

WWE teams and stables
Pump action shotgun

A pump action shotgun is a type of shotgun. The shooter pulls back on a handle below the barrel of the shotgun to reload it. It is widely used to hunt birds. Accuracy is low, but it can be fired again quickly.

Shotguns
Jacob Black

Jacob Black is a fictional character in the series of books and movies called Twilight Saga. In the movies, the character is played by Taylor Lautner. He lives in the U.S. state of Washington. He has a romance with Bella and tries to protect her from the vampires and Edward Cullen the head vampire who is in love with Bella. Jacob can also turn into a wolf.

Characters in written fiction
Fictional American people
Fictional characters introduced in 2005
Movie characters
Science fiction
Washington (U.S. state)

he:דמדומים (רומן)#דמויות
Living room

A living room is a room in a home. The living room in a home is shared by the people living in the home. In the living room they talk with each other and their guests and do other things such as reading or watching television. The furniture can include a couch, chairs, tables, lamps, a television, curtains and pictures. People may have started using the compound word, living room, in the early twentieth century.

References 
Webster’s Third New International Dictionary of the English Language. G. & C. Merriam Company.
Concise Oxford English Dictionary. Tenth Edition. Oxford University Press.
The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Third Edition. Houghton Mifflin Company.

Home
Rooms
Winter swimming

Winter swimming is the activity of human swimming during the winter season, typically in outdoor locations, or in unheated pools or lidos. It is done mostly for health benefits. Many winter swimmers swim with standard swimming costumes rather than with wetsuits or other thermal protection.

In colder countries winter swimming may be synonymous with ice swimming. In Finland, Northern Russia, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Estonia, Lithuania and Latvia the ice swimming tradition has been connected with the sauna tradition.

Other websites 

Cankar.org  on how to create an avanto
Winter Swimming — the technique of winter swimming and its healing effect.
Winter Swimming World Championships, pictures Oulu Finland 3.-5.3.2006 
Winter Swimming Championships 2008  - held at Tooting Bec Lido, London, UK

References 

Fitness
Survival skills
Water sports
Swimming
Zombieland

Zombieland is a 2009 American adventure comedy horror movie that was produced by Gavin Polone and was the directorial debut for director Ruben Fleischer.

The writers are currently planning a sequel to Zombieland. The sequel will star the original cast and will be shot in 3-D.

Plot 
A cowardly shut-in named Columbus (Jesse Eisenberg) is forced to join up with a seasoned zombie slayer named Tallahassee (Woody Harrelson) in order to survive the zombie apocalypse. As Tallahassee sets out on a mission to find the last Twinkie on Earth, the duo meets up with Wichita (Emma Stone) and Little Rock (Abigail Breslin), two young girls who have resorted to some rather unorthodox methods to survive amidst the chaos. Reluctant partners in the battle against the undead, all four soon begin to wonder if it might be better to simply take their chances alone.

Cast 
 Woody Harrelson as Tallahassee
 Jesse Eisenberg as Columbus
 Emma Stone as Wichita
 Abigail Breslin as Little Rock
 Amber Heard as 406, Columbus's attractive dorm neighbor
 Mike White as Gas Station Owner
 Bill Murray as Himself (Cameo)

Character Names
The character names for Tallahassee, Columbus, Wichita and Little Rock come from the places they are traveling in the movie.

Ratings
Zombieland received mostly positive reviews of reviewers:

Rotten Tomatoes - 7.3/10 (184 reviews)
Top Critics - 86% approval (29 reviews)
Metacritic - 73% approval
Roger Ebert - 3 out of 4 stars

Zombieland debuted at #1 at the box office in North America, with ticket sales of $24,733,155 on the opening weekend and is the top-grossing zombie movie in history.

Soundtrack

References

Other websites
Zombieland's official website 

2009 comedy movies
2009 horror movies
2000s adventure movies
2000s road movies
American adventure movies
American comedy movies
American horror movies
American road movies
Comedy horror movies
English-language movies
Screenplays by Paul Wernick
Screenplays by Rhett Reese
Zombie movies
Post-apocalyptic movies