cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Ratibořské Hory

Ratibořské Hory is a village and municipality. It is in the Tábor District in the South Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic.

The municipality is . As of 2 October 2006, there were 747 people living there.

Description
Village Ratibořské Hory is 9 miles northeast of Tabor in the direction of Kutna Hora.

The village currently has about 740 inhabitants and consists of five parts - Ratibořské Hory, Vresce, Dub, Podoli and Ratiborice. There already begins Moravian Highlands with the occurrence of minerals and ores containing silver.

In 1526 King Louis Jagelonsky granted brothers Medencum of Ratiborice and Podoli right to extract minerals in a half miles in circumference around Ratiborice. The king reserved the preferential right to purchase precious metals, gold and lot for two stacks and talent of silver for three and a half stack.

This privilege started extensive mining activity area Ratiborice, which enriched the local landscape of picturesque islands heaps especially with forest vegetation. It is these heaps, vivid evidence of mining, are a wonderful adornment of the landscape, we can observe the dominant height, from Adam's Hill, whose summit is at an altitude of 611 meters, or from the top of the loaf, which is above the natural park Polanka and its altitude is 666 m.

Through this cycle, called the results "silver eight" that showcases the very beautiful natural scenery with twelve ponds that are surrounded by meadow vegetation in protected plants - such as "Menyanthes trifoliata" which is an herb that has known its share in it drink, which has a great success both at home and abroad and is known for Becherovka.
From cultural attractions dominate renovated churches St. Bartholomew in Ratiborice and St. Adalbert in Ratiborske Hory.

The development of the municipality contributes to school, post office, health center, public library, grocery store and last but not least, the local association Sokol, volunteer firefighters, SK Ratiborske Hory and hunting associations.

Tourists, who can also use the regular bus lines from the district town, offering a pleasant rest and two restaurants on the square of  Ratiborske Hory.

History
The town Ratibořské Hory (Bergstadtl), founded four hundred eighty years ago in the northeast of Tabor, was for several centuries dependent on mining.
The boom in mining caused a much greater concentration of population in Ratibořské Hory than the corresponding options of agricultural production in the town and its surroundings.

Fundamental change in character fit in well with the renewal of mining in the district of  Ratiborice sometime early 16 century. Already from 1515, was preserved record of the smelting of silver ore from Ratiborice and Vresce in Rosenberg's steelworks in the Czech Krumlov. The Rosenbergs invested in these mines large amounts of money, called the new professionals who are in Ratibořice Mountains focused primarily on large construction pit the Three Kings. At that time Ratibořské Hory with the surroundings at the peak of its prosperity, which was mined today in nearly all known mines.

Villages in the Czech Republic
Canoe racing

Canoe racing is a water sport. The sport normally takes place on water that is moving very slowly or not moving at all. The goal of the sport is to move the canoe a given distance in the shortest time. This sport is an Olympic event. At one time, wooden boats were used for racing. Over time, people started using boats made of carbon fibers. These boats are lighter and tougher than wooden boats.

Classes
There are two main types of races. These are canoe (C1, C2, C4) and kayak (K1, K2, K4). The number tells how many people are on the boat. In a kayak, a person sits. In a canoe, a person kneels on one knee. A kayak has a rudder. It is used to steer the boat. A canoeist (person who uses a canoe) uses the paddle to move the boat. This is done by moving the paddle from the bow to the stern (front to back). After each race, the boats are looked at to make certain they are legal. If a boat does not have enough weight, the racer is disqualified and cannot win the race.

Races
Races are divided into several groups based on how long they are.

Short distance
In short distance races, the races are either 200 m, 500 m or 1000 m long. The path of the race is laid out using buoys. Each person has a separate path to follow from the starting line to the finish. On longer races, there may be a point where the paths cross each other to let the person turn their boat.

Long distance and marathon
Long distance races are 5000 m long. Marathon races are at least 15 km. Men's marathon has a minimum length of 20 km. Women's marathon has a minimum of 15 km. Most major races are 30 km or longer. There is no maximum distance for marathon races. There is a marathon race that is about 1000 km long on in the Yukon. The longer races are usually broken up into several parts and may be raced over several days. In long distance and marathon races, all racers start at the same time. They do not use intervals where the racers are started at different times.

Water sports
Boat racing
Cardinal-nephew

A cardinal-nephew (; ;) was a pope's relative -- a nephew -- who was raised to the rank of cardinal.  The practice of creating cardinal-nephews originated in the Middle Ages.

Cardinal-nephew was an office in the Curia of the Roman Catholic Church before 1692.  After the death of the reigning pope, the office of cardinal-nephew was vacated. 

The pope's cardinal-nephew was his chief assistant and confident.  The man in this role was expected to act as if he were a relative of the pope; and sometimes -- often, he was in fact a member of the pope's extended family.  

After 1692, this office was banned by Pope Innocent XII in Romanum decet pontificem. 

This role and function is now filled by the Vatican's Secretary of State.

List of cardinal-nephews 
Notable cardinal-nephews include many who would later become popes:

Gregory IX
 Alexander IV
 Adrian V
 Gregory XI
 Boniface IX
 Innocent VII
 Eugene IV
 Paul II
 Alexander VI
 Pius III
 Julius II
 Leo X
 Clement VII
 Benedict XIII
 Pius VII

References

Religion-related lists
Chemical energy

Chemical energy is the energy produced in a chemical reaction in the form of heat. Using Hess's law it is possible to calculate the amount of energy an exothermic reaction produces.

Chemistry
1981 Irish hunger strike

The 1981 Irish Hunger Strike was a hunger protest in Northern Ireland by Irish republican prisoners during the Troubles. During the protest, seven prisoners from the Provisional Irish Republican Army and three from the Irish National Liberation Army starved themselves to death in the hunger strike. The first to die, Bobby Sands, was elected as a Member of Parliament in the United Kingdom during his hunger strike.

Deaths 
By the end of the protest 10 prisoners had died. Their names, paramilitary affiliation, dates of death, and length of hunger strike are as follows: 

1981 in the United Kingdom
1980s in Northern Ireland
Deaths from starvation
Protests in the 20th century
Provisional Irish Republican Army
Suicides in the United Kingdom
UEFA Euro 2012 qualifying Group B

This page shows the results for Group B of the UEFA Euro 2012 qualification. Russia qualified, and the Republic of Ireland went to the playoffs.

 Green means that the team automatically qualifies.
 Blue means the team is going to the playoffs.

The top scorer of the group was Henrikh Mkhitaryan (Armenia) with 6 goals.

UEFA Euro 2012 qualifying
List of social networking websites

This is a list of social networks.

References 

Computer-related lists
Uncanny valley

The uncanny valley is a psychological theory about the effect involving art and robots and human emotions. As something starts to look more human-like, there is a point at which people start to feel it looks wrong. At this point, they have negative feelings toward the object. These feelings keep getting worse as the object is made to look more human-like. At a certain point, as the object starts to get very close to looking human-like, how people feel towards it tend to reverse and they have more positive emotional feelings towards it. The theory was created by the robotics professor Masahiro Mori in 1970.

One of the main points of the theory to explain this is that people are not as affected in an emotional way by the object if it is easy to tell it is not human. After a certain point, people start to feel emotionally about it, but feel negatively because it is so nonhuman. As it gets closer to looking human, they start to feel more positive emotions towards it. A graph of these feeling shows a valley. This is part of the reason for the naming of the theory.

psychology
Robots
Pat Morita

Noriyuki "Pat" Morita (June 28, 1932 – November 24, 2005) was an American actor and stand up comedian of Japanese descent. He was born in Isleton, California. He is known for playing Mr. Miyagi in the Karate Kid movies. He also appeared in the sitcom Happy Days. He died of renal failure in Las Vegas, Nevada.

Other websites 

1932 births
2005 deaths
Actors from Sacramento County, California
American movie actors
American stand-up comedians
American television actors
American voice actors
Comedians from California
Deaths from renal failure
Disease-related deaths in Nevada
Martin Landau

Martin James Landau (June 20, 1928 – July 15, 2017) was an American actor. Landau won an Academy Award for his portrayal of Bela Lugosi in Ed Wood directed by Tim Burton.

Career 
Martin Landau was of Jewish descent. When Landau was a teenager, he was hired by The New York Daily News as a cartoonist.

Landau started acting in small roles in films and television shows such as The Goldbergs (1953) and Armstrong Circle Theatre (1956). His first major role was in the Alfred Hitchcock movie North by Northwest (1959) with Cary Grant. In 1966 he got the role of master of disguise Rollin Hand in the TV series Mission Impossible, along with his wife, Barbara Bain. He played that role for three years and earned a Golden Globe Award in 1968. 

In 1975, Landau was hired for the British sci fi TV series Space: 1999, where he played Commander John Koenig. Barbara Bain was also in that series. Then Landau starred in movies such as Meteor (1979) with Sean Connery and The Fall of the House of Usher (1979) where he played Roderick Usher. In 1982 he returned to play an unbalanced character in Alone in the Dark, directed by Jack Sholder and starring Jack Palance and Donald Pleasence. In 1988, Landau was nominated for an Academy Award for his supporting role in Tucker: The Man and His Dream directed by Francis Ford Coppola, and then Crimes and Misdemeanors (1989) by Woody Allen. 

He also won a Golden Globe for his role in Tucker: The Man and His Dream. In 1994, Martin Landau got a role in Ed Wood with Johnny Depp and directed by Tim Burton. In that movie, he played Bela Lugosi. He won an Academy Award and a Golden Globe in 1995 for that.

Landau appeared in TV series In Plain Sight (2009), The Simpsons (2011) and in the movies Ivory (2010) and Mysteria (2011).

Death
Landau died at Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center in Los Angeles, California on July 15, 2017 at the age of 89. The cause of death was hypovolemia shock caused by atherosclerosis and gastrointestinal bleeding.

References

More reading
 Conversations with great teachers by Bill Smoot
 Horror films of the 1980s by John Kenneth Muir

Other websites

 

1928 births
2017 deaths
Academy Award winning actors
Actors from Brooklyn
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American voice actors
American cartoonists
Cardiovascular disease deaths in Los Angeles
Golden Globe Award winning actors
Jewish American actors
Saturn Award winners
Screen Actors Guild Award winners
Deaths from sepsis
Deaths from gastrointestinal hemorrhage
Military personnel of the Korean War
Disease-related deaths in the United States
Deaths from atherosclerosis
Nina Aigner

Nina Aigner (born 20 June 1980 in Antiesenhofen, Austria) is a former Austrian football player. She played as striker and finished her career after the 2010/11 season. Her last team was FC Bayern München. Nina Aigner was also a talented tennis player and played at the age of 15 un the U16 team world championship where she won the bronce medal.

Career
She started playing football for the SV Peterskirchen. 1998 she went on to Union Kleinmünchen Linz and won this season her first title in the ÖFB-Frauenliga. The next two seasons she played for Union Landhaus Vienna. She won twice the double with this club.

2001 she went to FC Bayern München and played her first match versus  SC Freiburg. There she shot her first goal. The last match was on  20 February 2011. With end of the season she finished her career. In 176 matches for München she scored 107 goals. In her career she shot 221 goals in 241 matches. During her time with Bayern she made a degree in sport marketing (2007)

For the Austrian football national team she played 29 matches and shot 7 goals.

References

Other websites
Players profile Weltfußball.de (German)
FC Bayern München-Frauenfußball:Statistik Nina Aigner

Austrian footballers
Austrian women's footballers
Players of the Austrian national football team
1980 births
Living people
Mariel Hemingway

Mariel Hemingway (b. November 22, 1961) is an American actress and writer. She starred in many television programs and in movies. She is the granddaughter of writer Ernest Hemingway.

Career 
Hemingway's first role was with her sister Margaux in the movie Lipstick (1976). The movie was not considered especially good, but Mariel received notice for her acting.  She was nominated as "Best Newcomer" for the Golden Globes Award that year.

Hemingway's most famous role was in Woody Allen's Manhattan.  It was a romantic comedy in which she plays Tracy, a high school student and Allen's lover. She was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress.

In Personal Best (1982), she played a bisexual track and field athlete. The movie was noted for some explicit (by mainstream standards) lesbian love scenes. In connection with Personal Best, she appeared in a pictorial in the April 1982 issue of Playboy and was also on the cover.

She starred as Dorothy Stratten in Star 80 (1983), a movie about the Playboy model's life and murder. Reports circulated for years that Hemingway had had her breasts enlarged to play the role of Stratten. During a 2007 appearance on the late-night talk and variety show, Fashionably Late with Stacy London, she said she had the surgery before Star 80. Her breast implants were removed years later after they had ruptured.

Hemingway has played a lesbian or bisexual woman in several movies and television shows, including, Personal Best, The Sex Monster, In Her Line of Fire, and episodes of the TV series "Roseanne" and Crossing Jordan. Hemingway, however, is not gay. She has said she formed a "big connection with the gay-and-lesbian community" after Personal Best and enjoys taking roles in "cutting-edge" productions.

Hemingway has a perfume, "Mariel", by H2O+.

She is the host of Spiritual Cinema, a monthly television show dedicated to spiritual movies. She has begun hosting a series of yoga practice videos Yoga Now, with guru Rodney Yee.

Personal life 
In December 2008, Hemingway said through her web site's blog that she had separated from her husband earlier in the year. Hemingway had been married since December 9, 1984 to Stephen Crisman.  They had two daughters together: model Dree Hemingway (born 1987) and Langley Fox Hemingway (born 1989).  As of early 2011, Hemingway is romantically involved with Bobby Williams.

Bibliography 
Mariel Hemingway is the author of:

Filmography

References 

American television actors
American movie actors
Writers from California
Actors from Marin County, California
1961 births
Living people
Tiffany Darwish

Tiffany Renee Darwish (born October 2, 1971) much better known by her stage name Tiffany, is an American singer-songwriter. She has had many hit songs, including "I Think We're Alone Now". This 1987 song was a cover of the 1967 hit of the same name. She was born and raised in Norwalk, California.

Other websites 

1971 births
Living people
American child singers
American pop musicians
Singer-songwriters from California
Singers from Los Angeles
Kanjanur

Kanjanur is a village in the Thiruvidaimarudur taluk of Thanjavur district, Tamil Nadu, India. It is on the northern bank of the Kaveri River about 18 kilometres north-east of Kumbakonam. It is one of the nine Navagrahasthalas of the Cauvery Delta. It is famous for its Agniswarar temple. This temple is dedicated to Shukra (Venus). The temple is one of the "Navagraha Temples" of the Cauvery Delta. To the north of Kanjanur, there are some low hillocks. These are 100 to 150 feet high. Magnesite deposits have been discovered in these hills.

References 
 
 

Villages in India
David Cassidy

David Bruce Cassidy (April 12, 1950 – November 21, 2017) was an American singer, actor, songwriter and guitarist. He had many hit songs between the 1970s and the 2000s. He played Keith Partridge in the television sitcom The Partridge Family in the 1970s.  Cassidy was one of the contestants on Celebrity Apprentice 2011.

Personal life
Cassidy was born in New York City. His parents were actor Jack Cassidy (1927-1976) and actress Evelyn Ward (1923-2012). He grew up in West Orange, New Jersey and Beverly Hills, California.

Cassidy announced on February 20, 2017, that he was suffering from dementia.

Death
On November 18, 2017, it was announced that Cassidy has been hospitalized in Fort Lauderdale, Florida with multiple organ failure. He was in critical condition and was placed in a medically induced coma. Two days later, Cassidy was out of the coma and was waiting for a liver transplant. Cassidy died on November 21, 2017, aged 67.

References

Other websites 

1950 births
2017 deaths
Actors from Beverly Hills, California
Actors from Manhattan
Actors from New Jersey
American guitarists
American movie actors
American pop musicians
American stage actors
American television actors
American television producers
Deaths from multiple organ failure
Disease-related deaths in Florida
Musicians from California
Musicians from Manhattan
Musicians from New Jersey
Singers from California
Singers from New Jersey
Singers from New York City
Tropical Storm Lee (2011)

Tropical Storm Lee was the 12th named storm of the 2011 Atlantic hurricane season. Lee was responsible for 21 deaths and property damage in total was in excess of $2 billion. The storm affected areas from Louisiana and Texas to Pennsylvania and New York.

References

Atlantic tropical storms
2011 in weather
2010s in Louisiana
2010s in Texas
2010s in Pennsylvania
2011 in New York (state)
Hurricanes in Louisiana
Digital electronics

Digital Electronics is a type of electronics. These make use of "boolean logic" and "discrete signal electronics" for electronics, devices, and equipment. 

Examples of such devices are computers, information appliances, digital cameras, digital televisions, flash memory, key USB memory, mobile phones, hard disks, and devices of computer memory. Digital signal processing works on analog signals after they have been converted to digital form.

Digital circuits 
Digital electronics is a branch of electronics concerning digital circuits which  apply boolean logic  which are represented by electronic logic gates. True and false are represented by different binary values with 0 volts for true and 5 volts for false. Digital circuits are less vulnerable to noise but consume a lot of energy. Digital circuits were invented in the twentieth century and is the foundation for digital communications and computers.

 
Electronics
Dominique Dawes

Dominique Dawes (born November 20, 1976 in Silver Spring, Maryland) is a retired gymnastics performer. She won multiple medals. As a member of the US National Gymnastic Team, she won a gold medal at the 1996 Summer Olympics. She was a ten year member of US National Gymnastic Team.

References

1976 births
Living people
American Olympic gold medalists
American gymnasts
American Olympic bronze medalists
People from Silver Spring, Maryland
Semi-trailer truck

A semi-trailer truck, also known as a semi, tractor-trailer, big rig, eighteen-wheeler, or (in the United Kingdom and Ireland) articulated lorry or artic is a vehicle that has a towing tractor and a semi-trailer that carries the freight.  They use diesel fuel.

Layout 

A semi-tractor has no body and does not carry any cargo on it. The front of a semi-trailer is put on it. Only the rear of the trailers have wheels, so the tractor pulls the trailer and carries the front part of the trailer's weight.

The tractor and driver cost as much as a truck, but the trailers don't cost very much. You can have more trailers than tractors and the tractors can change trailers easily. The tractor and driver do not have to wait to be loaded or unloaded, they can change trailers. They can also pull different kinds of trailers, any type that is needed at the time.

Country differences  
All countries have different laws for semi-trucks. The biggest difference between the EU, UK, and US is the length of the semi-truck. Most weigh about the same (US trucks weigh a little less than EU and UK trucks). Most are about the same width and height. In large countries truck s can be longer. They can have a larger cargo space. Longer semi-tractors drive better at faster speeds. Most US trucks are "convential" (bonneted in UK) with the engine under a hood in front of the cab. In the US shorter trucks weigh less. The weight has to be spread out over a long length. This is important on bridges. With long semi-trucks not as many trucks fit on the bridge and the weight of the axles are far apart. This length is important in the US.

In the UK and EU roads are smaller and turn more. Trucks have to be shorter. Most are cab-over-engine models (COE). The driver sits over the engine and the front of the cab is flat. Shorter trucks can weigh more. Trailers can have three axles under the load, and short semi-tractors with two axles. These have the same weight and number of axles as a long semi-truck. They take up less space and can turn better.

Different countries drive on different sides of the road. This is named for the side the driver sits on.  The UK is the main right-hand drive (RHD) country. Most countries that were British colonies are RHD. The EU and most other countries are LHD. The US was British but is LHD. Canada (next to the US) is LHD. When you are building a truck LHD or RHD is not important. Australia builds US type Mack and International trucks with RHD.

Trailer types 
Semi-trailers can be the same types as trucks. Because they don't cost as much as a truck they can also be special types. Shipping containers are large and heavy. In some countries special laws cover them. Skeleton frame trailers are built to carry them. Long semi-trailers are used for logs. In the UK and EU some logs are smaller. The trailers are 2 or 3 logs long. They have a crane to load them. In the US "lowboys" (the load is just above the road) carry large construction machines. Special trailers can be built for very big loads. Australia "road-trains" can pull 4 trailers.

References 

Trucks
Interstate 470 (Ohio – West Virginia)

Interstate 470 (I-470) is a  long loop of Interstate 70.  It goes around the city of Wheeling, West Virginia. The western end of the road is where it meets I-70 near Blaine, Ohio. Traveling southeast through Belmont County, the highway comes to the Vietnam Veterans Memorial Bridge which carries I-470 over the Ohio River. After crossing the river into Ohio County, West Virginia, the highway turns northeast.  It runs towards the Wheeling neighborhood of Elm Grove. The road's eastern end is at I-70 near Wheeling Park.

On average, between 26,000 and 38,000 vehicles use the highway every day. During the rebuilding work on the Wheeling Tunnel, I-470 was one of two suggested detour routes to avoid the closed tunnel.

References

Other websites

Interstate 470 at AA Roads
Interstate 470 (in Ohio)  at State Ends

470
Pope Innocent VI

Pope Innocent VI (; c. 1282 – September 12, 1362), born Étienne Aubert, was a French cleric of the Roman Catholic Church and the 200th Pope from December 18, 1352 until his death in 1362.

He was the fifth of the seven popes who lived in Avignon in France.

Early life 
Étienne Aubert was born in the hamlet of Les Monts, which is today part of the commune of Beyssac in the Corrèze department of France.  He was the son of Adhemar Aubert (1260-?), seigneur de Montel-De-Gelas in Limousin.

Bishop
Aubert was made the Bishop of Noyon in 1338; and he became the Bishop of Clermont in 1340.

Cardinal
In 1342, he was raised to the position of cardinal.

Pope
Cardinal Aubert was elected pope on December 18, 1352. He chose to be called Innocent VI.

Pope Innocent was involved in Italian and European political disputes.

Papal actions
 1358 – Permitted Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor to be crowned in Rome.
 1360 Broker in negotiation of Treaty of Bretigny between England and France.

After his death
The tomb of Innocent VI is at the Carthusian monastery of Villeneuve-les-Avignon.

Related pages 
 List of popes
 Avignon Papacy

References

Other websites 

 
  Catholic Hierarchy, Pope Innocent VI
  Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church, Cardinal Aubert

French popes
1280s births
1362 deaths
Broker

A broker is a middleman who brings others together to bargain, or bargains for them.

A broker is someone who helps arranges transactions between two parties.

The broker is sometimes a mediator between a buyer and a seller.  The broker sometimes gets a commission when the deal is completed. 

A broker who also acts as a seller or as a buyer becomes a principal party to the deal. 

A broker is different than an agent: one who acts on behalf of a principal.

Types of brokers

 Aircraft broker
 Auto broker
 Broker-dealer
 Brokerage firm
 Business broker
 Commodity broker
 Customs broker
 Information broker
 Insurance broker
 Investment broker
 Joint venture broker
 Leasing broker
 List broker
 Marriage broker
 Mortgage broker
 Options broker
 Power broker (term)
 Prime broker
 Real estate broker
 Retail broker
 Ship broker
 Sponsorship broker
 Stockbroker
 Office broker
 Serviced office broker
 Website Broker

References

Occupations
In the Heat of the Night (TV series)

In the Heat of the Night was an American television series that aired beginning March 1988 to May 1995 on the NBC and CBS networks. The show's themes dealt with racism, incest, corruption by government and abuse of drugs.

Other websites 

1988 American television series debuts
1995 American television series endings
1980s American television series
1990s American television series
American crime drama television series
American police television series
CBS network shows
NBC network shows
English-language television programs
Stress analysis

Stress analysis is the study of stresses and strains in materials and structures as force is applied against them. It is a topic in engineering. Stress may cause deformation or fractures in materials. Stress analysis is about finding out how much stress causes deformation in a given material.

Stress analysis is an important task for civil, mechanical and aerospace engineers. They work on the design of structures of all sizes, such as bridges and dams, machines, and even plastic cutlery and staples. Stress analysis is also used in the maintenance of such structures, and to investigate the causes of structural failures.

Mechanics
University of Göttingen

The University of Göttingen (), known informally as Georgia Augusta, is a university in the city of Göttingen, Germany.

King George II of Great Britain and the Elector of Hanover founded the school in 1734. It opened for classes in 1737. The University of Göttingen soon grew in size and popularity. Göttingen is a historic university city, with a high student and faculty population.

The University of Göttingen is one of the highest-ranked universities in Germany. It is associated with 45 Nobel laureates.

References

Other websites

 The University of Göttingen – home page
 The "Göttingen Nobel prize wonder"; the 44 Nobel prize laureates affiliated with Göttingen
 Shame at Göttingen, detailing the 1933 purge.

Gottingen
Lower Saxony
Beloit, Wisconsin

Beloit is a city in southern Wisconsin near the Illinois border just north of Rockford, Illinois. The city has two colleges: Blackhawk Technical College and Beloit College.

Beloit is located on the north side of the border between Wisconsin and Illinois.

Other websites
 https://www.beloitwi.gov/

References

Cities in Wisconsin
Outlaw (arcade game)

Outlaw is a shooting video game by Atari. It came out first for arcade automats in 1976. A version for the Atari 2600 came out 1979. The player uses a joystick or a gamepad to play the game. It has animated violence in it. The player has to shoot targets to win points. David Crane designed the game. Gunslinger is a game like Outlaw.

Other websites 
Outlaw overview at AllGame

Sources 
Arcade games
Rosetta (spacecraft)

Rosetta was an ESA space probe.  It went on a mission to study the comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko.  The Rosetta mission had two parts: the Rosetta space probe and the Philae lander.  The spacecraft was launched on 2 March 2004 by an Ariane 5 rocket.  On 12 November 2014 Philae landed but soon lost electrical power and radio contact.  Rosetta continued to examine the comet from orbit until 30 September 2016 when it landed.

References

ESA spacecraft
Kim Basinger

Kim Basinger (born 8 December 1953) is an American actress and model. She has been in many movies from the 1970s onwards. Basinger was born in Athens, Georgia. She is of English, Scottish, Swedish, Irish and Native American ancestry. Her roles include: Never Say Never Again, The Natural, 9 1/2 Weeks, My Stepmother Is an Alien, Batman, The War of the Roses, L.A. Confidential, 8 Mile and Cellular.

References

Other websites 

1953 births
Living people
Actors from Georgia (U.S. state)
Actresses who played Bond girls
Models from Georgia (U.S. state)
American movie actors
American television actors
Azerbaijani Armed Forces

The Azerbaijani Armed Forces () is the military  of the Republic of Azerbaijan.

The armed forces have three branches: the Azerbaijani Land Force, the Azerbaijani Air Force, and the Azerbaijani Navy. Related forces which are not part of the Azerbaijani Armed Forces, include the paramilitary Azerbaijani National Guard, the Internal Troops of Azerbaijan, and the State Border Service of Azerbaijan (who patrol Azerbaijan’s borders with Georgia, Russia, Iran, Turkey and Armenia), which can be involved in state defense.

The Commander-in-Chief of the military is the President of Azerbaijan, currently Ilham Aliyev. The Ministry of Defense is in charge of political leadership. It is currently headed by Safar Abiyev. Military command is in the hands of the General Staff, headed by the Chief of Staff, who is Colonel-General Najmaddin Sadigov.  

Since the fall of the Soviet Union, Azerbaijan has been trying to further develop its armed forces into a professional, well trained, and mobile military. Based on 2007 statistics the country has about 66,940 troops, and a paramilitary force of 15,000 troops. There are 300,000 former service personnel who have had military service in the last fifteen years. 

Azerbaijan had actually established the Azerbaijani Armed Forces and a Ministry of Defense on June 26, 1918 with the first independence of Azerbaijan, as the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic, after the collpase of the Russian Empire in 1918 until it was invaded and annexed by the Soviet Union in 1920 which came after the Russian Empire. The Azerbaijani Armed Forces and the Ministry of Defense were established again in 1991 with the second and final independence of Azerbaijan, after the collapse of the Soviet Union, when the Azerbaijani Armed Forces were formed out of the former Soviet forces in the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic.

Related pages
Military history of Azerbaijan
Azerbaijani Land Force
Azerbaijani Air Force
Azerbaijani Navy
Azerbaijani National Guard
Internal Troops of Azerbaijan
State Border Service of Azerbaijan
2020 Nagorno-Karabakh conflict

References

Other websites

Official site of Ministry of Defence Industry of Azerbaijan Republic
Azerbaijani Army being reformed according to NATO standards
U.S. Army War College Center for Strategic Leadership, Transformation of the Azerbaijani Armed Forces, October 2008
Official YouTube Channel of Azerbaijani Soldier program
Azerbaijani Land Force

The Azerbaijani Land Force () is the army of the Azerbaijani Armed Forces which is the military  of the Republic of Azerbaijan.

Since the fall of the Soviet Union, Azerbaijan has been trying to further develop its armed forces into a professional, well trained, and mobile military. Based on 2007 statistics the country has about 56,840 ground force (land) troops, and a paramilitary force of 15,000 troops. There are 300,000 former service personnel who have had military service in the last fifteen years. 

In wartime, the Army proper could call the support of the paramilitary Azerbaijani National Guard, the Internal Troops of Azerbaijan, and the State Border Service of Azerbaijan (who patrol Azerbaijan's borders with Georgia, Russia, Iran, Turkey and Armenia), which can be involved in state defense. The exact wartime command structure is unknown.

Azerbaijan has also sent soldiers to be trained in Turkey, Russia and Israel over the past years, and these countries also sell weapons to Azerbaijan, among many countries. Since the end of the Nagorno-Karabakh War, Azerbaijan has made the army boost the defense of the country and possibly retake its separatist region of Nagorno-Karabakh from neighboring enemy Armenia which invaded it, but is legally a part of Azerbaijan.

Related pages
Military history of Azerbaijan
Azerbaijani Armed Forces
Azerbaijani Air Force
Azerbaijani Navy
Azerbaijani National Guard
Internal Troops of Azerbaijan
State Border Service of Azerbaijan
2020 Nagorno-Karabakh conflict

References

Other websites

Official site of Ministry of Defence Industry of Azerbaijan Republic
Azerbaijani Army being reformed according to NATO standards
U.S. Army War College Center for Strategic Leadership, Transformation of the Azerbaijani Armed Forces, October 2008
Official YouTube Channel of Azerbaijani Soldier program

Land Force
Azerbaijani Air Force

The Azerbaijani Air and Air Defence Force often called the Azerbaijani Air Force () is the air force and air defence force of the Azerbaijani Armed Forces.

The origin of the current organization goes back to June 26, 1918, when the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic which became independent in 1918, after the collapse of the Russian Empire, bought its first fighter aircraft. After the second independence of Azerbaijan in 1991, after the collapse of the Soviet Union, the presence of former Soviet air bases in Azerbaijan helped the Air and Air Defence Force develop.

Current organization
The Azerbaijani Air and Air Defence Force has about 600 aircraft and 350 helicopters, and 7,900 personnel. There are Soviet-made MiG-21s, MiG-23s, Su-24s and Su-25s, as well as fourth generation MiG-29s bought from Ukraine in 2006 and Soviet-made Il-76s. Azerbaijan is holding talks with either China or Pakistan to buy JF-17 Thunder aircraft. The MiG-29 has been chosen as the standard aircraft for the Azerbaijani Air and Air Defence Force.

Related pages
Military history of Azerbaijan
Azerbaijani Armed Forces
Azerbaijani Land Force
Azerbaijani Navy
Azerbaijani National Guard
Internal Troops of Azerbaijan
State Border Service of Azerbaijan

Other websites

Official site of Ministry of Defence Industry of Azerbaijan Republic
Azerbaijani Army being reformed according to NATO standards
U.S. Army War College Center for Strategic Leadership, Transformation of the Azerbaijani Armed Forces, October 2008
Official YouTube Channel of Azerbaijani Soldier program

References

Other websites
 Azerbaijani Air and Air Defence Force • Azərbaycan Hərbi Hava Qüvvələri

Air Force
Air forces
Azerbaijani Navy

The Azerbaijan Navy () is the navy of the Azerbaijani Armed Forces operating in the Caspian Sea.

The origin of the current organization goes back to June 26, 1918, when the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic which became independent in 1918, after the collapse of the Russian Empire, formed its first navy. After the second independence of Azerbaijan in 1991, after the collapse of the Soviet Union, the Azerbaijani Navy was formed out of the former Soviet Navy in the Azerbaijani SSR.

Strength
The navy has about 5,000 military personnel in sixteen units. These include the Caspian Sea fleet and a border coast guard. The fleet is made up of 1 Petya class frigate, 2 OSA-II-Class and 5 Stenka Class patrol boats, 2 Sonya Class and 5 Yevgenya Class minesweepers (for removing mines), 6 landing craft (ships that can land on the coast), 2 landing cutters (patrol boats that can land on the coast), 1 special purposes warship and 1 special purposes cutter.

Related pages
Military history of Azerbaijan
Azerbaijani Armed Forces
Azerbaijani Land Force
Azerbaijani Air Force
Azerbaijani National Guard
Internal Troops of Azerbaijan
State Border Service of Azerbaijan

Other websites

Official site of Ministry of Defence Industry of Azerbaijan Republic
Azerbaijani Army being reformed according to NATO standards
U.S. Army War College Center for Strategic Leadership, Transformation of the Azerbaijani Armed Forces, October 2008
Official YouTube Channel of Azerbaijani Soldier program

Navy
Navies
Jane (German band)

Jane was a German rock band. The band formed in October 1970 in Hanover. In 1973, their album Here We Are was very popular.

Discography

Vinyl
 Together (1972)
 Here we are (1973)
 Jane III (1974)
 Lady (1975)
 Fire, Water, Earth and Air (1976)
 Live at Home (1976)
 Between Heaven and Hell (1977)
 Age of Madness (1978)
 Sign No. 9 (1979)
 Jane (Mask) (1980)
 Germania (1981)
 Warlock Rock Ballet soundtrack (feat. Lady Jane) (1983)
 Beautiful Lady (1986)
 Live '88 (1989)
 Live '89 (1990)

CDs
 Together (1990)
 Here we are (1997)
 Jane III (1997)
 Lady (1997)
 Fire, Water, Earth and Air (1990)
 Live at home (1992)
 Between Heaven and Hell (1997)
 Age of madness (1997)
 Sign No. 9 (1997)
 Jane (Maske) (1997)
 Germania (1997)
 Beautiful Lady (1993)
 Live '89 (1990)
 Resurrection (Pano's Jane) (1996)
 Comes alive (Klaus Hess/Mother Jane) (2000)
 Back again (Lady Jane) (2000)
 Genuine (2002)
 Live 2002 (Peter Panka's Jane) (2002)
 Shine On (Peter Panka's Jane) (2003)
 Voices (Peter Panka's Jane) (2006)
 Live At META's (Peter Panka's Jane) (2007)
 Tribute to Peter Panka (Werner Nadolny's Jane) (2008)
 Proceed with Memories (Werner Nadolny's Jane) (2009)
 In Dreams (Klaus Hess' Jane a.k.a. Mother Jane) (2009)
 Traces (Peter Panka's Jane) (2009)
 Hungry4Live (Klaus Hess' Jane a.k.a. Mother Jane) (2010)
 Hungry4Live part 2 (Klaus Hess' Jane a.k.a. Mother Jane) (2010)
 The Journey - Best of Jane '70-'80 (Werner Nadolny's Jane) (2010)
 Eternity (Werner Nadolny's Jane) (2011)
 Kuxan Suum (Peter Panka's Jane) (2011)

Singles
 Daytime (1972)
 Here we are (1973)
 Bambule Rock (1974)
 Age of madness (1978)
 Love Song (1978)
 Beautiful lady (Maxi-Single) (1986)
 Together we stand (Mother Jane) (1998)

Compilations
 Waiting for the sunshine (1979)
 Rock on brain (2 LP) (1980)

DVD
Krautrock Meeting (2005)Jane - Live 2002 Hannover (2005)
Jane - Tribute To Peter Panka (2008)Phoenix (2008)
Jane - Inside - (The Cave - Concert) (2010)Jane - Live 2010 / Fernsehkonzert 2010 (2010)
Jane - Eternity (2011)Jane - Visual Impressions (2011)
''Jane - Live at home again - Hannover 2011 (2011)

Other websites 
Overview of Jane on AllMusic
  Jane (PP's Jane), official site
  Mother Jane a.k.a. Klaus Hess' Jane, official site
   Jane (WN's Jane), official site

1970s establishments in Germany
1970s German music groups
1980s German music groups
1990s German music groups
2000s German music groups
German rock bands
Hanover
Musical groups established in 1970
Armed Forces of the Russian Federation

The Armed Forces of the Russian Federation is the armed forces of Russia, created after the breakup of the Soviet Union. The Armed Forces is known to be one of the biggest in the world with about  1,200,000 troops active. Russia also makes its own weapons. The Armed Forces has 6 branches: Russian Air Force, Russian Ground Forces, Russian Navy, Strategic Missile Troops, Russian Space Troops and the Russian Airborne Troops. The Commander-In-Chief is the President of Russia.

History 
When the Soviet Union broke up, Russia and the various other countries got parts of its large armed forces. The country's president, Boris Yeltsin, had to fix Russia and build up the military. So, Yeltsin appointed himself the Russian minister of defence. Eventually, CIS helped Russia get its defence into shape. Then in 1993, a doctrine was made to set up the official military.

Personnel 
As of 2008, 480,000 men joined the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. The term is usually a year. Russians can join at the age of 18 to 27 years old. Like any other Armed Forces, the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation has ranks. The ranks are open to non-Russian citizens as well.

Military of Russia
St. Cloud, Minnesota

St. Cloud is a city in central Minnesota. It is north of Minneapolis-St. Paul. St. Cloud State University is there. Most of St. Cloud is in Stearns County, but parts of it are in Benton and Sherburne Counties.

Cities in Minnesota
County seats in Minnesota
Shannon Miller

Shannon Miller (born March 10, 1977) is an American gymnast. She was born in Rolla, Missouri. She moved to Edmond, Oklahoma when she was six months old. She is the most decorated artistic gymnastics performer in the history of the United States. She was the 1993 and 1994 World All-Around Champion and 1996 Summer Olympics balance beam gold medalist. Shannon won a combined total of 16 World Champion and Olympic medals between 1991 and 1996. She was also the most successful United States athlete at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, receiving five medals overall.

References

Other websites

Shannon Miller at USA Gymnastics
 

American gymnasts
American Olympic bronze medalists
American Olympic gold medalists
American Olympic silver medalists
Medalists at the 1992 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Sportspeople from Oklahoma
Sportspeople from Missouri
1977 births
Living people
Capital of Korea

This article is about the Korean national capital in general. For the current capital, see Seoul or Pyongyang.

The Capital of Korea has been in many locations during the history of the Korean peninsula.  Today there are two Koreas, each with its own capital city:  
 Seoul is the capital of the Republic of Korea (ROK), also known as South Korea
 Pyongyang is the capital of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK), also known as North Korea

Since the end of World War II, there have been two countries or  divided Korea:  If reunification were to take place someday, alternate prospects for the capital city, along with Seoul and Pyŏngyang,are Sejong City in South Korea and Kaesong in North Korea.

History
During the Gojoseon period
The Go-Joseon period lasted from 2333 BC to 108 BC.
 Unknown — first capital
 Pyongyang — second capital (post 400 BC)
During the Three Kingdoms period
The Three Kingdoms period lasted from 57 BC to AD 676
 Jolbon – first capital of Goguryeo
 Gungnae-seong – second capital of Goguryeo
 Pyongyang – third capital of Goguryeo
 Wiryeseong – first capital of Baekje
 Ungjin – second capital of Baekje
 Sabi – third capital of Baekje
 Gyeongju – capital of Silla

During the North-South States Period
 Gyeongju – capital of Silla
 Dongmo Mountain – first capital of Balhae
 Junggyeong – second capital of Balhae
 Sanggyeong – third capital of Balhae

During the Later Three Kingdoms period
 Gyeongju – capital of Silla
 Wansanju – capital of Hubaekje
 Songak – first capital of Taebong
 Cheorwon – second capital of Taebong

During the Goryeo Dynasty period
The Goryeo Dynasty lasted from 918 to 1392.
 Gaegyeong
 
During the Joseon Dynasty period
The Joseon Dynasty lasted from 1392 to 1910.
 Hanseong

During the Japanese colonial period
The Japanese colonial period lasted from 1910 to 1945.
 Seoul

Modern capitals
 Seoul
 Pyongyang

References

 
History of Korea
Capital of Egypt

This article is about the Egyptian national capital in general. For the current capital, see Cairo.

The Capital of Egypt is Cairo. In the course of history, the national capital has been in many locations other than Cairo.

History

List of Egyptian capitals 
The capitals of Egypt in chronological order begin with Thinis (pre-2950 BC)

I-VIII dynasties 
 Memphis: (2950 BC - 2180 BC)

IX and X dynasties
 Herakleopolis: (2180 BC - 2063BC

XI dynasty  
 Thebes: (2135 BC - 1985 BC)

XII dynasty  
 Itjtawy: (1985 BC - 1785 BC)

XIII dynasty 
 Thebes: (1785 BC - 1650 BC)

XIV dynasty   
 Xois: (1715 BC - 1650 BC)

XV dynasty
 Avaris: (1650 BC - 1580 BC)

XVI dynasty
 unknown (perhaps in Kingdom of Kush)

XVII-XVIII dynasties 
 Thebes: (1650 BC - c. 1353 BC)  
 Akhetaten: (c. 1353 BC - c. 1332 BC)

XVIII-XIX dynasties
 Thebes: (c. 1332 BC - 1279 BC)   
 Memphis

XIX-XX dynasties
 Pi-Ramesses: (1279 BC - 1078 BC)

XXI dynasty   
 Tanis: (1078 BC - 945 BC)

XXII dynasty 
 Bubastis: (945 BC - 715 BC)

XXIII dynasty 
 Tanis: (818 BC - 715 BC)

XXIV dynasty
 Sais: (725 BC - 715 BC)

XXV dynasty 
 Napata/Memphis (715 BC - 664 BC)

XXVI-XXVII dynasties
 Sais: (664 BC - 525 BC)

XXVIII dynasty 
 Sais: (404 BC - 399 BC)

XXIX dynasty 
 Mendes: (399 BC - 380 BC)

XXX dynasty 
 Sebennytos: (380 BC - 343 BC)

XXXI dynasty 
 Alexandria: (332 BC - 641 AD)
 Al-Fustat: (641 AD - 750 AD)
 Al-Askar: (750 - 868 AD)
 Al-Qatta'i: (868 - 905 AD)  
 Al-Fustat: (905 - 969 AD)
 Al-Qahira (Cairo): the present capital (969 AD - Present)

References

 
History of Egypt
Jennifer Beals

Jennifer Beals was born December 19, 1963 around the Chicago metropolitan area. Her most notable acting role was playing Alexandra Owens for the 1983 film Flashdance. She also starred in the Showtime television program The L Word. She's been in more than 50 movies over the years.

1963 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
Actors from Chicago
Red Wing, Minnesota

Red Wing is a city in Minnesota on the Mississippi River. It is known for its farming and where the Swiss Mission for Native Americans took place.

Other websites 
Information on Red Wing, Minnesota from Infoplease

County seats in Minnesota
Cities in Minnesota
Naniwa-kyō

, also called Naniwa no Tsu,  was an ancient Imperial capital of Japan in the 7th and 8th centuries.  It was located in present-day Osaka.

History
Naniwa was founded by Emperor Temmu in 683. After 745, the capital moved to Heijō-kyō.

Timeline
 683: Temmu establishes Naniwa
 744 (Tenpyō 16): Emperor Shōmu and the court moved to Naniwa, which then became the new capital.
 745 (Tenpyō 17): Shōmu built a palace named Shigaraki no Miya
 745 (Tenpyō 17): The court and the capital moves to Heijō Kyō.

Archeology
In 1957, traces of ancient palaces were found. Other archaeological site was discovered in 2006.

Related pages
 Capital of Japan

References

Other websites 
 Osaka City Cultural Properties Association 

Former capitals of Japan
Kuni-kyō

, also called Kuni no miyako, was an ancient Imperial capital of Japan between 740 and 744. It was in present-day Kizugawa in Kyoto Prefecture.

History
The new capital of Emperor Shōmu was built by Tachibana no Moroe.

The palace (Kuni no miya) was built in the former Yamashiro Province. in what became the town Kizu. 

The city of Kuni-kyō was not completed.  The court and capital moved to Naniwa-kyō (Osaka) after only four years.

Archeology
Studies of the archaeological site suggest the location of the main buildings.  The city was laid out in a grid. The area of palace is estimated to have been 500+ meters wide and 700+ meters long.

Related pages
 Capital of Japan

References 

Former capitals of Japan