cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
The Tramp

The Tramp (Charlot in several languages), also known as The Little Tramp, was British actor Charlie Chaplin's most well known character on-screen and has become an icon in world cinema. The character was popular during the era of silent movies. 

The character is known to be humorous, often acting drunk, and clumsy.

References

Fictional British people
Kid Auto Races at Venice

Kid Auto Races at Venice (also known as The Pest) is a 1914 American movie starring Charlie Chaplin. The movie is known for being the first appearance of Chaplin's well known Little Tramp" character.

References

1914 movies
1910s comedy movies
American sports comedy movies
American silent movies
Short movies
Tom Casperson

Tom Casperson (July 20, 1959 – November 29, 2020) was an American politician. He was born in Escanaba, Michigan. He was a Republican member of the Michigan State Senate from 2011 to 2018. He was a member of the Michigan State House of Representatives from 2003 to 2008.

Caperson died on November 29, 2020 from lung cancer in Escanaba at the age of 61.

References

1959 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from lung cancer
State legislators of the United States
Politicians from Michigan
US Republican Party politicians
Michael J. Budds

Michael Joseph Budds (June 11, 1947 – November 19, 2020) was an American musicologist. He was a professor at the University of Missouri in Columbia, Missouri. Many of his works focused on American popular music. He was born in Pana, Illinois.

Budds died on November 19, 2020 in Columbia at the age of 73.

References

1947 births
2020 deaths
Educators from Illinois
Musicologists
Writers from Illinois
Writers from Missouri
People from Columbia, Missouri
Agnieszka Chylińska

Agnieszka Barbara Chylińska (born May 23, 1976, in Gdańsk) is a Polish singer-songwriter, actress, dancer, author and television personality.

From 1994 to 2003, she was the vocalist for the Polish rock band O.N.A.. Since 2003 she has performed as Chylińska and in 2004 she released an album titled Winna. Since 2008 she has been a judge on the Polish version of the Got Talent franchise called Mam talent!. In 2009, she released a studio album Modern Rocking, then Forever Child (2016) and Pink Punk (2018)

Discography

Studio albums

Live albums

Singles

Music videos

References 
 

Polish people
1976 births
Living people
João Alves Filho

João Alves Filho  (3 July 1941 – 24 November 2020) was a Brazilian politician and civil engineer. He was governor of the state of Sergipe from 1983 to 1987, from 1991 to 1995, and from 2003 to 2007.  From 1987 to 1990 he was Brazilian Minister of the Interior. From 1975 to 1979 and again from 2013 to 2017, he was mayor of Aracju. 

He died on 24 November 2020, aged 79, in Brasília from COVID-19.

References

1941 births
2020 deaths
Brazilian politicians
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil
Mack Sennett

Mack Sennett (born Michael Sinnott; January 17, 1880 – November 5, 1960) was a Canadian-American actor, director, and producer. He was known as the "King of Comedy". He helped create the first slapstick silent comedy movies.

Sennett died on November 5, 1960, in Woodland Hills, California, aged 80.

According to IMDB he acted in 360 films.

Biography 
Michael Sinnott was born in Richmond, Quebec in the Irish Catholi family. When he was 17 years old he moved to Connecticut.

References

1880 births
1960 deaths
American silent movie actors
Canadian movie actors
Canadian movie directors
Canadian movie producers
Canadian stage actors
American stage actors
Naturalized citizens of the United States
Movie producers from Los Angeles
Movie directors from Los Angeles
Actors from Los Angeles
Actors from Quebec
Screenwriters from Los Angeles
Canadian screenwriters
Writers from Quebec
American composers
Canadian composers
American cinematographers
Jen Psaki

Jennifer Rene Psaki (; born December 1, 1978) is an American political advisor. She is the 34th White House Press Secretary and has held the position since January 20, 2021.

She was White House Communications Director from 2015 to 2017 during the Barack Obama presidency. She has also been a CNN contributor.

In November 2020, Joe Biden announced Psaki his pick for White House Press Secretary. She told Biden that she would be press secretary until 2022, only a year into her term.

References

1978 births
Living people

White House Communications Directors
American political commentators
CNN people
Politicians from Connecticut
People from Stamford, Connecticut
People from Greenwich, Connecticut
US Democratic Party politicians
White House Press Secretaries
Neera Tanden

Neera Tanden (born September 10, 1970) is an American political consultant and lawyer. She is president of the Center for American Progress since 2003. During the Barack Obama presidency, Tanden helped create the Affordable Care Act. In May 2021, she became a Senior Advisor to President Joe Biden.

On November 29, 2020, then President-elect Joe Biden announced that he would nominate Tanden as the next director of the Office of Management and Budget. However, after Democrats and Republicans criticized her nomination, she withdrew her nomination as OMB director on March 3, 2021. Two months later, she became senior advisor to Biden. She was named White House staff secretary in October 2021.

References

1970 births
Living people
Lawyers from Massachusetts
Politicians from Massachusetts
Businesspeople from Massachusetts
US Democratic Party politicians
Cecilia Rouse

Cecilia Elena Rouse (born December 18, 1963) is an American economist. She is the 30th and current Chair of the Council of Economic Advisers since 2021 under the Joe Biden administration. In 2012, she became dean of the Princeton School of Public and International Affairs at Princeton University.

She was a member of President Barack Obama's Council of Economic Advisers from 2009 to 2011.

In November 2020, President-elect Joe Biden announced his plans to nominate Rouse as the Chair of the Council of Economic Advisers. The Senate confirmed her nomination by a vote of 95–4 on March 2.

References

1963 births
Living people
American economists
Educators from California
Scientists from California
Politicians from California
US Democratic Party politicians
Kate Bedingfield

Katherine Joan Bedingfield (born c. 1982) is an American communications director and political campaign manager. She is the White House Communications Director for the Biden administration since January 20, 2021.

She was deputy campaign manager for the Joe Biden 2020 presidential campaign and former communications director for Biden when he was vice president.

References

1982 births
Living people
White House Communications Directors
Politicians from Georgia (U.S. state)
US Democratic Party politicians
White House Communications Director

The White House communications director or White House director of communications, also known officially as Assistant to the President for Communications, is part of the senior staff of the President of the United States. 

The communications director is responsible for creating and promoting the agenda of the president and leading its media campaign.

Directors

References
Gerald Rafshoon

Gerald Monroe Rafshoon (born January 11, 1934) is an American television producer and political operative. He is one of the four founding members of Unity08, and was the White House Communications Director under the presidency of Jimmy Carter from 1978 to 1979.

References

Other websites

1934 births
American television producers
Living people
White House Communications Directors
Businesspeople from New York City
Politicians from New York City
US Democratic Party politicians
David Gergen

David Richmond Gergen (born May 9, 1942) is an American political commentator. He was a presidential adviser during the administrations of Richard Nixon, Gerald Ford, Ronald Reagan, and Bill Clinton. He is a senior political analyst for CNN. Gergen is a professor of public service and he was the first director of the Center for Public Leadership at the Harvard Kennedy School.

References

1942 births
Living people
American political commentators
Educators from North Carolina
CNN people
White House Communications Directors
Politicians from North Carolina
Writers from North Carolina
Politicians from Massachusetts
Writers from Massachusetts
Businesspeople from Massachusetts
Businesspeople from North Carolina
Independent politicians in the United States
People from Durham, North Carolina
Educators from Massachusetts
Ann Lewis

Ann C. Frank Lewis (born December 19, 1937) is an American Democratic Party strategist and communicator. Lewis was the White House Communications Director in the Clinton administration from 1997 to 1999.

Lewis was co-chair for Jewish Women for the Hillary Clinton 2016 presidential campaign.

References

1937 births
Living people
American political commentators
American political writers
American television writers
Politicians from New Jersey
White House Communications Directors
Politicians from Massachusetts
Writers from Massachusetts
Writers from New Jersey
US Democratic Party politicians
People from Jersey City, New Jersey
Jewish American politicians
Jewish American writers
Bill Shine

William Shine (born July 4, 1963) is an American television executive and politician. He was White House Deputy Chief of Staff for Communications in the administration of U.S. President Donald Trump. He spent most of his career as a producer and executive at Fox News.

He was co-president of Fox News, a position he held for 9 months before he was forced out on May 1, 2017.

On March 8, 2019, the White House announced that Shine was resigning to advise President Trump's 2020 presidential campaign.

References

1963 births
American television producers
Fox News people
Living people
White House Communications Directors
Businesspeople from New York City
Politicians from New York City
US Republican Party politicians
Farmingville, New York

Farmingville is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) in Suffolk County, New York, United States. The population was 15,481 at the 2010 census.

References

Hamlets in New York
Census-designated places in New York (state)
East Farmingdale, New York

East Farmingdale is a hamlet and a census-designated place (CDP) in Suffolk County, New York, United States. The population of the CDP was 6,484 at the 2010 census.

References

Hamlets in New York
Census-designated places in New York (state)
Elissa Slotkin

Elissa Blair Slotkin (born July 10, 1976) is an American politician. She is the U.S. Representative for  since 2019. Slotkin is a member of the Democratic Party.

She was a Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) analyst during the Barack Obama presidency.

References

1976 births
Living people
United States representatives from Michigan
Politicians from New York City
People from Lansing, Michigan
US Democratic Party politicians
Emily W. Murphy

Emily Webster Murphy (born 1973) is an American attorney and government official. She was the administrator of the General Services Administration (GSA) from 2017 to 2021.

She was appointed as administrator in 2017 by President Donald Trump. She was criticized for her actions after the 2020 presidential election for her delay in starting the transition to a Joe Biden administration after Biden won the election on November 7.

Murphy at first did not want to sign a letter allowing Biden's transition team to access federal agencies and transition funds. She signed the letter on November 23, allowing the presidential transition process to begin.

References

1973 births
Living people
Lawyers from St. Louis, Missouri
Politicians from St. Louis, Missouri
Businesspeople from St. Louis, Missouri
US Republican Party politicians
Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient

Pearson's correlation is a mathematical formula used to calculate correlation coefficients between two datasets. Most computer programs have a command to calculate this such as CORREL(dataset A: dataset B). You would calculate this your self by...

 Step 1: Find the mean of x, and the mean of y
 Step 2: Subtract the mean of x from every x value (call them "a"), and subtract the mean of y from every y value (call them "b")
 Step 3: Calculate: ab, a2 and b2 for every value
 Step 4: Sum up ab, sum up a2 and sum up b2
 Step 5: Divide the sum of ab by the square root of [(sum of a2) × (sum of b2)]
Developed by Karl Pearson in the 1880's,
Mathematics
Purna Swaraj

Purna Swaraj, or "total independence," was a document written by the Indian National Congress session at Lahore in December 19, 1929.  It said that India should be separate from the British Empire.  Purna Swaraj was announced on January 26, 1930.  This is one reason why January 26 is India's Republic Day.

The Purna Swaraj was 750 words long.  Scholars such as Mithi Mukherjee say it was an important part of Indian independence because it said becoming independent was about justice.

Related pages
Declaration of Independence

References

History of India
British India
Government of India
Michael Dubke

Michael D. Dubke (born April 18, 1970) is an American entrepreneur and political aide. He was the White House Communications Director for U.S. President Donald Trump until his resignation on June 2, 2017.

References

1970 births
Living people
Politicians from New York
Businesspeople from New York
White House Communications Directors
US Republican Party politicians
Hamburg (village), New York

Hamburg is a village in Erie County, New York, United States. The population was 9,409 at the 2010 census.

References

Other websites
 Village of Hamburg official website

Villages in New York
Hamburg, New York

Hamburg is a town in Erie County, New York, United States. As of the 2010 census, the town had a population of 56,936.

References

Towns in New York
Gerald P. Carmen

Gerald P. Carmen (born July 8, 1930) is an American businessman and politician. He was born in Quincy, Massachusetts. He was a member of the Republican Party. From 1981 to 1984, he was the Administrator of the General Services Administration during the Ronald Reagan presidency.

References

1930 births
Living people
Businesspeople from Massachusetts
Businesspeople from New Hampshire
Politicians from Massachusetts
Politicians from New Hampshire
US Republican Party politicians
Ambassadors of the United States
People from Quincy, Massachusetts
General Services Administration

The General Services Administration (GSA) is an  independent agency of the United States government. It was created in 1949 to help manage and support the basic functioning of federal agencies. 

GSA gives products and communications for U.S. government offices, provides transportation and office space to federal employees, and develops government-wide cost-minimizing policies and other management tasks.

References

United States government agencies
Whitewater controversy

The Whitewater controversy, Whitewater scandal, or simply Whitewater, was an American political controversy during the 1990s. It began with an investigation into the real estate investments of Bill and Hillary Clinton in the Whitewater Development Corporation. 

A March 1992 New York Times article published during the 1992 U.S. presidential campaign reported that the Clintons, then governor and first lady of Arkansas, had invested and lost money in the Whitewater Development Corporation.

Lewis looked for connections between the savings and loan company and the Clintons, and on September 2, 1992, she submitted a criminal referral to the FBI naming Bill and Hillary Clinton as witnesses in the Madison Guaranty case. 

David Hale, the source of criminal allegations against the Clintons, claimed in November 1993 that Bill Clinton had pressured him into providing an illegal $300,000 loan to Susan McDougal, the Clintons' partner in the Whitewater land deal. 

Jim Guy Tucker, Bill Clinton's replacement as governor, was convicted of fraud and sentenced to four years of probation for his role in the controversy. 

Neither Bill Clinton nor Hillary Clinton were ever prosecuted, after three separate inquiries found lack of evidence linking them with the criminal conduct.

References

1992 in the United States
Political scandals in the United States
Bill Clinton
Hillary Rodham Clinton
Arkansas
Guyanese Americans

Guyanese Americans are an ethnic group of Americans who can trace their ancestry back to Guyana. As of 2011, there are 208,899 Guyanese Americans currently living in the United States. The majority of Guyanese live in New York City – some 140,000 – making them the fifth-largest foreign-born population in the city.

References 

Ethnic groups in the United States
Jamaican Americans

Jamaican American or Jamerican are an ethnic group of Caribbean Americans who have full or partial Jamaican ancestry.

References 

Ethnic groups in the United States
West Indian Americans

West Indian Americans or Caribbean Americans are Americans who can trace their ancestry to the Caribbean, unless they are of native descent. As of 2016, about 13 million  — about 4% of the total U.S. population — have Caribbean ancestry.

References 

Ethnic groups in the United States
Hypogamy

Hypogamy is marrying someone considered to be of lower economic or social class or caste. Hypogamy has been found to be practiced more by men than by women. For men power and control is the one of the strongest attainments and what often leads them to pursue a hypogamous relationship. The idea of power and control is made possible by the gender roles and expectations that society has instilled in both men and women. Societal institutions have created deeply rooted systematic differences between men and women and an idea of how far women can go socially, professionally, and economically. Immigration and citizenship have influenced the goal of marriage, consequentially creating hypogamy on the personal level.

References 

Sociology
Moldovan Americans

Moldovan Americans are Americans who are from Moldova or are descended from Moldovans. According to the U.S. 2000 census, there were 7,859 Moldovan Americans in the United States. However, the American Community Survey indicated that the number of Moldovan immigrants greatly increased over the years, and in 2014 exceeded 40,000 people in the United States. Most Moldovan Americans are Eastern Orthodox.

References

Ethnic groups in the United States
Mediterranean tree frog

The Mediterranean tree frog or stripeless tree frog (Hyla meridionalis) is a frog from Africa and Europe.  It lives in parts of Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Portugal, Spain, France and Italy where there is plenty of water in the air.

Reproductive biology 
The beginning and the duration of the reproductive period are very different. In southern France it extends from April to June, in Portugal from December to January (and later), in North Africa from March to April, in Tenerife from December to May. Sometimes she experiences an interruption due to bad weather. This is not uncommon for the Mediterranean tree frogs of the Camargue, France, when the mistral brings cold air from the Massif Central to the coast and causes a sudden fall in the weather there. Female frogs lay eggs on groups of plants near the edge of a body of water.  The tadpoles hatch after eight to ten days.  The very largest tadpoles grow to 5.5 cm long.  They become frogs after three or four months.  The frogs eat insects and insect-like animals, for example spiders.

References

Animals of Africa
Animals of Europe
Frogs
Azerbaijani Americans

Azerbaijani Americans () or Azeri Americans () are Americans of the Azerbaijani ancestry from Azerbaijan and Iranian Azerbaijan region or people possessing Azerbaijani, Iranian, and/or American citizenship. Most Azerbaijani Americans have immigrated to the United States from Azerbaijan, Iran, Germany, Georgia, Russia, Turkey and Ukraine.

References

Ethnic groups in the United States
Lebanese Americans

Lebanese Americans () are Americans of Lebanese descent. This includes both those who are native to the United States as well as Lebanese immigrants to America.

References

Ethnic groups in the United States
Argentine Americans

Argentine Americans are people in or from the United States who have at least one ancestor from Argentina.

References 

Ethnic groups in the United States
Types of crushing machines

Crushers are machines used to reduce the size of rocks, stones and ore. They are often utilized in aggregates production, construction material recycling and in mining operations.  

There are four traditional types of crushers in materials engineering. They are known as jaw crushers, gyratory crushers, cone crushers and roll crushers. The first two crushers mentioned are the most common when it comes to mineral processing. Roll crushers are a relatively new type of crusher and they are just starting to become more and more popular in mineral processing.  

The main idea behind how jaw crushers work is that there is a hinge plate that moves back and forth with a fixed plate is held up against the prior hinge plate. The beginning of the process has the jaws of the crusher open to receive a rock. The hinge plate, like a big jaw-bone, bites down on the rock and crushes it.

Gyratory crushers have a conical outer wall and a large spindle suspended from a bearing. There is a circular propeller at the bottom of the crusher that oscillates, spins around, really fast and compresses the rocks that enter.

For roll crushers, there are two side by side rolls, one fixed and the other can move a little bit from side to side. The gap between the rollers is what determines the output size of the rocks. Forcing rocks through these gaps produces a large amount of shear stress on them and causes them to break apart.

Cone Crushers are compression-type crushers that are typically found in secondary crushing stages but can be used as the primary crusher in certain applications. They handle medium hard to very hard, abrasive materials that can be dry or wet but not sticky. Cone Crushers are typically found in quarried materials and sand and gravel applications.

References 

Machines
Bisection method

The bisection method is a way to estimate solutions for single equations. When we solve one equation, this method can help us to get a number that is very close to the real solution. 

Think about a continuous function F(x). If the curve of F(x) passes through the x-axis, it means that there must be one specific x number which makes F(x) = 0, in other words, a solution. But how to judge whether the curve passes the x-axis or not? We pick one section with lower boundary a1 and upper boundary b1. Then we calculate F(a) and F(b). If F(b) has different signal with F(a) (or F(a)*F(b) < 0), the F(x) curve will pass through the x-axis in this section, which means F(x) must have a solution in this section. In this way, we can estimate a range of the solution. 

To make our estimation more precise, we need to shorten the range which contains the solution. We divide this section into two equal parts: ( a , a/2+b/2) and (a/2+b/2, b). Then we apply the same method to judge whether there is a solution in each section. If there is no solutions in one section( F(a)*F(a/2+b/2) > 0 or F(a/2+b/2)*F(b)> 0), we ignore this section. If there is a solution in one section (F(a)*F(a/2+b/2) < 0 or F(a/2+b/2)*F(b) < 0), we continue to shorten the range until the range is smaller than the error of estimation we expected. Finally, we take the middle point of the final range as a solution of F(x).

Calculus
Deaths in 2021

The following is a list of deaths that should be noted in 2021. For deaths that should be noted before the month that the world is in, please see "Months". Names under each date are noted in the order of the alphabet by last name or pseudonym. Deaths of non-humans are noted here also if it is worth noting.

Each listing of death, must have a source. If no reference is included, the death notice will be removed. The following are the requirements of adding a name to the list in its order: name, age, where they came from, what the person is known for, cause of death (if known) and a source.

Months
 January
 February
 March
 April
 May
 June
 July
 August
 September
 October
 November
 December

Related pages
 List of deaths due to COVID-19
 2021 in association football deaths
 Deaths in 2014
 Deaths in 2015
 Deaths in 2016
 Deaths in 2017
 Deaths in 2018
 Deaths in 2019
 Deaths in 2020
 Deaths in 2022

Other websites
The Guardian, UK obituaries
The Telegraph obituaries
Obituaries, Chicago Tribune
Obituaries, Los Angeles Times
The New York Times, US obituaries
The Washington Post obituaries
The Sydney Morning Herald, Australian obituaries
Valorant

Valorant (stylized as VALORANT) is a free-to-play multiplayer tactical first-person shooter developed and published by Riot Games, for Microsoft Windows. First talked about under the codename Project A in October 2019, the game began a closed beta period with limited access on April 7, 2020, followed by official release on June 2, 2020.

References 

Windows games
Nernst equation

Nernst Equation is a scientific equation used to find the reduction potential or voltage of an electrochemical cell. It is widely used in cell physiology and neurobiology. It is named after Walther Nernst. He was a German chemist who created this equation. 

This equation can be used to check which combination of chemicals will be suitable to construct a powerful electric cell.

Expression 
Nernst Equation:

where 

Ecell = Reduction potential or voltage of the electrochemical cell.

E = Standard potential of the cell. It is the reduction potential of the cell or voltage under standard conditions (Temperature = 298 Kelvin, Pressure = 1 bar).

R = Gas constant. It is an important constant used in thermodynamics. Its value is 8.314 J.K-1.mol-1.

T = Temperature of the electrochemical cell in Kelvin.

z = Number of moles of electrons that got transferred when reduction took place.

F  = Faraday constant. It is equal to the charge carried by 1 mole of electrons. Faraday constant = 96,485.3329 s Ampere/mole.

Q = Reaction quotient of the chemical reaction that is driving the cell.

Equilibrium 
When the reduction potential of a cell = 0 V, it is in equilibrium. At equilibrium, the reaction quotient Q = Keq (equilibrium constant).

Equations
Electricity
Physical chemistry
Electromagnetism
Thermodynamics in nutrition

The law of conservation of energy states that energy cannot be created or destroyed. It can only be transformed from one form to another. This law also applies to nutrition.

Calories in versus calories out 
Many experts disagree with the belief of counting calories as a method to lose bodyfat. 1 pound of bodyfat roughly equals 3500 calories. Therefore, eating 500 calories less everyday for 7 days straight would result in exactly 1 pound of loss in bodyfat. Several studies have proven this to be false solidifying the belief that counting calories does not work. This disparity can be explained.

Reasons 
1. Thermic effect of food: 1 calorie of protein is not the same as 1 calorie of carbohydrates or fats. The body requires energy to digest food. Fats require only 0-3% of the total energy from food to get digested. Carbohydrates require 5-10% of energy while proteins require 20-30% of energy. Therefore, the macronutrient profile (protein, carbohydrates and fats ratio) play an important role in weight loss.

2. NEAT: Non exercise activity thermogenesis or NEAT is the amount of energy a person uses during daily activities. Examples of NEAT include jittering, walking, brushing teeth and even writing. People generally feel weaker when they consume less calories so they tend to move less reducing NEAT.

3. Miscounting calories: Studies have shown that over 90% of the population underestimate their daily caloric consumption.

Conclusion 
Ultimately, calories consumed versus calories spent will always hold true. In order to lose weight, one must consume less calories and move more.

References
Angle grinder

An angle grinder is a handheld power tool. It is also known as a disc grinder or side grinder. They are commonly used in machine shops and metal workshops. Most angle grinders today are powered by electricity. They can be corded or battery-powered. Angle grinders can be used for cutting, grinding, and polishing objects.

There are different kinds of discs that are used for various materials and tasks. Angle grinders can use grinding stones, sanding discs, wire brush wheels, cut-off discs, abrasive grinding discs, and polishing pads. Angle grinders come in different disc sizes and motor specifications. Other differences include a power source, rpm, and arbor size. Generally disc size and power increase together. Disc size is measured in imperial or metric units. Pneumatic grinders are generally used for lighter duty jobs where more precision is required. Electric grinders are more commonly used for larger, heavy-duty jobs.

Angle grinders generate sparks when cutting ferrous metals. The blades on the angle grinder may also break during operation. Proper personal protective equipment must always be worn when using an angle grinder. Angle grinders should never be used without their guard or handle attached. Inspect the discs for cracks, defects, and wear before using an angle grinder.

Cutting tools
Demis Hassabis

Demosthenes "Demis" Hassabis  (born 27 July 1976) is a significant figure in artificial intelligence. He is a British researcher, neuroscientist, video game designer, entrepreneur, and five times winner of the Pentamind board games championship. 

Hassabis is the CEO and co-founder of DeepMind, a machine learning AI startup, founded in London in 2010 with Shane Legg and Mustafa Suleyman. Hassabis met Legg when both were postdocs at University College London's Gatsby Computational Neuroscience Unit, and he and Suleyman had been friends through family. Hassabis also recruited his university friend and Elixir partner David Silver.
 
DeepMind's mission is to "solve intelligence" and then use intelligence "to solve everything else". More concretely, DeepMind aims to use powerful general-purpose learning algorithms to build an artificial general intelligence (AGI).

The company was bought by Google for £400 million. 

They created AlphaGo, a program which defeated world champion Lee Sedol at the complex game of Go. Go had been considered a holy grail of AI, for its high number of possible board positions and resistance to existing programming techniques. However, AlphaGo beat European champion Fan Hui 5-0 in October 2015 before winning 4-1 against former world champion Lee Sedol in March 2016. 

More recently, DeepMind turned its artificial intelligence to protein-folding, one of the toughest problems in science. In December 2018, DeepMind's tool AlphaFold won the 13th Critical Assessment of Techniques for Protein Structure Prediction (CASP) by successfully predicting the most accurate structure for 25 out of 43 proteins.

Although Hassabis is expert at many games, he does not program specific rules into Deep Mind. For Go and chess, the machine played many games with itself, learning from its results. In other words it taught itself how to play, given the basic rules of the game. 

 2018: Elected a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in May 2018.

References 

1976 births
British computer scientists
Fellows of the Royal Society
Living people
George Carter (basketball)

George Carter (January 10, 1944 – November 18, 2020) was an American professional basketball player. He was a 6'4" swingman. He was born in Buffalo, New York. His career lasted from 1967 to 1977. He played for the Detroit Pistons and for the New York Nets.

Carter died on November 18, 2020 in Las Vegas, Nevada at the age of 76.

References

1944 births
2020 deaths
Detroit Pistons players
Sportspeople from Buffalo, New York
Sportspeople from New York City
Eduardo Lourenço

Eduardo Lourenço GCSE, GCIH (23 May 1923 – 1 December 2020) was a Portuguese essayist, professor, critic, philosopher, and writer. He was a professor at the University of Coimbra. He won the Camões Prize in 1996. Lourenço was born in Almeida, Portugal.

Lourenço died on 1 December 2020 in Lisbon at the age of 97.

References

1923 births
2020 deaths
Portuguese writers
Philosophers
Critics
Portuguese educators
Essayists
November 2020 lunar eclipse

A penumbral lunar eclipse took place on 30 November 2020. It was visible mainly in North America with visibility reaching to some other places such as parts of South America and Asia.

References

November 2020 events
Eclipses
2020 in Asia
2020 in Europe
DeepMind

DeepMind Technologies is a UK based artificial intelligence company and research laboratory founded in September 2010. It was bought by Google in 2014. 

The company is based in London, with research centres in Canada, France, and the United States.

Related pages 
Demis Hassibis

References

2010 establishments in the United Kingdom
Companies of England
Artificial intelligence
Miguel Algarín

Miguel Algarín Jr. (11 September 1941 – 1 December 2020) was a Puerto Rican poet, historian and writer. He was known as the co-founder of the Nuyorican Poets Café. He was a Rutgers University professor of English. Algarín was born in Santurce, Puerto Rico.  He lived most of his life in New York City.  He was a Nuyorican poet.

Algarín's books include Mongo Affair, On Call (1980), Body Bee Calling from the 21st Century (1982), Time's Now/Ya es tiempo (1985), Love Is Hard Work: Memorias de Loisaida/Poems (1997, Lower East Side Memories/Poems).

Algarín died on 1 December 2020 in New York City of sepsis, aged 79.

Works
 

Action. Touchstone. 1997. 
Survival Supervivencia. Arte Publico Press. 2009.

Editor

References

Other websites
Miguel Algarin Web Site  
Nuyorican Poets Café
View Current TV's program on Nuyorican Power
View list of past American Book Award winners

1941 births
2020 deaths
Puerto Rican people
American historians
American poets
Educators from New York City
American playwrights
American editors
American critics
Writers from New York City
Deaths from sepsis
Jim McFarland

James Darrell McFarland (October 4, 1947 – November 27, 2020) was an American football player. He played tight end for six seasons in the National Football League (NFL) with the Buffalo Bills, St. Louis Cardinals, and Miami Dolphins. He was born in North Platte, Nebraska.

After leaving football, he became a member of the Nebraska Legislature between 1986 to 1991 as a Democrat. He unsuccessfully ran for Governor of Nebraska in 1998.

McFarland died of pancreatic cancer on November 27, 2020, in Omaha, Nebraska at age 73.

References

1947 births
2020 deaths
American football tight ends
Buffalo Bills players
Miami Dolphins players
Arizona Cardinals players
State legislators of the United States
Politicians from Omaha, Nebraska
People from North Platte, Nebraska
US Democratic Party politicians
Deaths from pancreatic cancer
Dieter Popp

Dieter Popp (24 November 1938 – 27 November 2020) was a West German insurance agent. He worked as a spy between 1969 and 1990. He was born in Bonn. He was a spy for the Military Intelligence Service of the East German National People's Army.

Popp died on 27 November 2020, three days after his 82nd birthday.

References

1938 births
2020 deaths
German businesspeople
Spies
People from Bonn
German politicians
Clifton Bertrand

Clifton Bertrand (2 March 1936 – 28 November 2020) was a Trinidadian sprinter. He was born in Arima, Trinidad and Tobago. He won three bronze medals at the Pan American Games in 1959 and 1963. Bertrand also competed during the 1960 and 1964 Summer Olympics.

Bertrand died on 28 November 2020 in New York City at the age of 84.

References

1936 births
2020 deaths
Trinidad and Tobago sportspeople
Olympians
Sprinters
Shams Badran

Shams Al Din Badran (; 19 April 1929 – 28 November 2020) was an Egyptian politician. He was Minister of Defence of Egypt during Gamal Abdel Nasser's era from 1966 to 1967. He also was Commander of the Egyptian Armed Forces at the same time. He was removed from the ministry during the Six-Day War and later imprisoned. 

Badran died at a Plymouth, Devon hospital on 28 November 2020 while living in exile since his prison release in 1974, aged 91.

References

1929 births
2020 deaths
Egyptian politicians
Egyptian military people
KaTeX

KaTeX is a JavaScript library that shows mathematical notation on any web browser. It aims to be fast and easy to use.

It was initially developed by Khan Academy. This is why it starts from K. KaTeX is known to be one of the top five popular projects on GitHub in September 2014.

Features 
KaTeX claims to be:

 Fast: It doesn’t need to reload the webpage.
 Print quality: It is based on LaTeX.
 No dependencies: It doesn't need anything else for installation.

References

Other websites 
 
 "KaTeX is a (partial) alternative to (some of) MathJax"
 "KaTeX - a new way to display math on the Web"
 KaTeX-MathJax comparison

Free software
JavaScript
Miša Aleksić

Miroslav "Miša" Aleksić (Serbian Cyrillic: Мирослав-Миша Алексић, 16 August 1953 — 29 November 2020) was a Serbian musician. He was best known as the bass guitarist for the Serbian and former Yugoslav rock band Riblja Čorba.

On 29 November 2020, Aleksić died from problems caused by COVID-19 in Belgrade at the age of 67.

References

1953 births
2020 deaths
Serbian singers
Serbian musicians
Songwriters
Guitarists
Rock singers
Rock musicians
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in Serbia
José Rafael Barquero Arce

José Rafael Barquero Arce (27 October 1931 – 29 November 2020) was a Costa Rican Roman Catholic bishop. He became a priest in 1956. He was titular bishop of 'Arindela' and was auxiliary bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Alajuela, Costa Rica, from 1979 to 1980. He then was bishop of the diocese from 1980 until 2007.

Barquero Arce died on 29 November 2020 at the age of 89.

References

1931 births
2020 deaths
Roman Catholic bishops
Costa Rican people
Marco Dino Brogi

Marco Dino Brogi, O.F.M. (12 March 1932 – 29 November 2020) was an Italian prelate of the Roman Catholic Church

Brogi was born in Cairo, Egypt. He was became a priest on 5 May 1963. Pope John Paul II made Brogi titular archbishop of Città Ducale, Apostolic Nuncio to Sudan, and Apostolic Delegate to Somalia on 13 December 1997. Pope John Paul named him Apostolic Nuncio to Egypt and Apostolic Delegate to the Arab League on 5 February 2002.

Brogi ended his service as Nuncio on 27 January 2006. Benedict named him a Consultor to the Congregation for the Oriental Churches on 15 September 2007.

Brogi died on 29 November 2020 in Rome at the age of 88.

References

1932 births
2020 deaths
Italian Roman Catholics
Roman Catholic bishops
People from Cairo
Delian League

The Delian League was founded in 478 BC. It was an association of Greek city-states under the leadership of Athens. The League had a many cities: at various times between 150 and 330. 

The League was led by Athens to continue fighting the Persian Empire. The Greeks had won the Battle of Plataea at the end of the Second Persian invasion of Greece. 

The League's modern name comes from its official meeting place, the island of Delos, where congresses were held in the temple. The treasury stood there, until Pericles moved it to Athens in 454 BC.

Soon after the League was set up, Athens began to use the League's funds for its own purposes. This led to conflict between Athens and the less powerful members of the League. By 431 BC,  the League presented a threat to Sparta. This, and Athens's heavy-handed control of the League, started the Peloponnesian War. The League was dissolved after the war's end in 404 BC by the order of Lysander, the Spartan commander.

References 

Ancient Greece
5th-century establishments
5th-century disestablishments
Irina Antonova

Irina Aleksandrovna Antonova () (20 March 1922 – 30 November 2020) was a Russian art historian. He was a Director of the Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts in Moscow for 52 years, from 1961 to 2013. She was the oldest and the longest serving director of a major art museum in the world. 

Antonova was honored with the State Prize of the Russian Federation and the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres. She was the President of the Pushkin Museum.

Antonova died of COVID-19 at a Moscow hospital on 30 November 2020 at the age of 98.

References

1922 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia
Russian historians
Dee Benson

Dee Vance Benson (August 25, 1948 – November 30, 2020) was an American politician and lawyer. He was born in Sandy, Utah. He was nominated to the United States District Court for the District of Utah in 1991 by President George H. W. Bush. From 1999 to 2006, he was chief justice of the court. 

Benson died of brain cancer on November 30, 2020 at his home in Salt Lake City, Utah at the age of 72.

References

Other websites
 BYU Law Review
 Crandall Canyon Mine - Deseret News
 Mineral Leasing Act
 Secretary of the Interior

1948 births
2020 deaths
American judges
Politicians from Salt Lake City, Utah
US Republican Party politicians
Deaths from brain cancer
Lawyers from Salt Lake City, Utah
Sandy, Utah

Sandy is a city in the Salt Lake City metropolitan area, located in Salt Lake County, Utah, United States. The population of Sandy was 87,461 at the 2010 census.

References

Cities in Utah
Tan Eng Bock

Tan Eng Bock (29 April 1936 – 30 November 2020) was a Singaporean water polo player He competed in the men's tournament at the 1956 Summer Olympics.

Tan died in Singapore on 30 November 2020 at the age of 84.

References

1936 births
2020 deaths
Singaporean people
Olympians
Water polo players
Ben Bova

Benjamin William Bova (November 8, 1932November 29, 2020) was an American writer. He was the author of more than 120 works of science fiction. He was a six-time winner of the Hugo Award. 

He was an editor of Analog Magazine, an editorial director of Omni; he was also president of both the National Space Society and the Science Fiction Writers of America. He was known for his Grand Tour novel series.

Bova died on November 29, 2020 at a hospital in Naples, Florida from pneumonia and a stroke caused by COVID-19, aged 88.

References

1932 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from pneumonia
Deaths from stroke
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States
American novelists
American science fiction writers
American editors
American critics
American essayists
American journalists
Writers from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Infectious disease deaths in Florida
Abhay Bharadwaj

Abhay Ganpathrai Bharadwaj (2 April 1954 – 1 December 2020) was a Ugandan-born Indian politician, activist and lawyer. He was born in Kampala, Uganda.

Bharadwaj was a member of the Rajya Sabha from 22 July 2020 until his death. He was a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party. He also was a member of the national Law Commission from 2016 to 2018.

Bharadwaj died of COVID-19 on 1 December 2020 at a hospital in Chennai, India at the age of 66.

References

1954 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in India
Ugandan politicians
Indian politicians
Indian activists
Indian lawyers
People from Chennai
Tableau vivant

A tableau vivant is when people pose and make the scene look like the one in a picture. People in a tableau vivant don't move or speak. The name comes from French, and translates as "living picture". The plural is tableaux vivants. 

In Europe, tableaux vivants became popular towards the end of the 19th century. Sometimes, there was even music. Jean Sibelius composed his work Finlandia (1900) for a sequence of tableaux vivants.

At the beginning of the 20th century, they became notorious, because usually naked women would present them in revue theatres. The dancer Olga Desmond became well-known because of her posing naked in revues at the beginning of the 20th century.

Performing arts
Gillette Stadium

The Gillette Stadium is a stadium in Foxborough, Massachusetts. It is the home stadium of NFL team New England Patriots and MLS team New England Revolution.

2000s establishments in Massachusetts
2002 establishments in the United States
National Football League venues
Football stadiums in the United States
Soccer stadiums in the United States
Buildings and structures in Massachusetts
New England Patriots
SpongeBob SquarePants: Battle for Bikini Bottom

SpongeBob SquarePants: Battle for Bikini Bottom is a 2003 platformer video game based on the acclaimed animated TV show SpongeBob SquarePants.

Gameplay
The game lets you play as either SpongeBob, Patrick or Sandy. SpongeBob can switch places with either Patrick or Sandy in the levels. They have to collect Patrick's socks, shiny objects and Golden Spatulas to progress through the game.

Plot
Plankton has made a robot army.

Reception
The game had mixed to positive reviews but became a cult classic among speedrunners.

2003 video games
Nintendo GameCube games
PlayStation 2 games
SpongeBob SquarePants
Xbox games
Legacy of Kain: Defiance

Legacy of Kain: Defiance is a 2003 platform/action game released for various platforms. It is the fifth entry of the Legacy of Kain franchise.

Gameplay
The player can switch between the material and soul realms as Razel and attack enemies as Kain.

Plot
Kain has reunited with Raziel and knows that the Elder God is evil.

Development
The game was made after the success after Soul Reaver 2 and Blood Omen 2.

Reception
The game had great reviews but didn't sell well.

2003 video games
PlayStation 2 games
Windows games
Xbox games
Thomas and the Magic Railroad

Thomas and the Magic Railroad is a 2000 British-American live-action/animated fantasy adventure movie based on Thomas the Tank Engine and Shining Time Station. The Fat Controller is on holiday while Thomas the Tank Engine and his friends were working hard .

Cast
Peter Fonda as Mr. Stone
Alec Baldwin as Mr. Conductor
Mara Wilson as Lily Stone
Edward Glen as the voice of Thomas the Tank Engine

Production
By 2020, a workprint of the movie has been released including narration done by Mara Wilson instead of Alec Baldwin.

Reception
The movie got mixed to negative reviews, including from British reviewers.

2000 animated movies
2000s adventure movies
2000s fantasy movies
American adventure movies
American animated movies
American fantasy movies
British adventure movies
British animated movies
British fantasy movies
Crossover movies
English-language movies
Turtles Forever

Turtles Forever is a 2009 television movie based on the TMNT franchise. It is a crossover between the 1984 comics, 1987 cartoon and 2003 cartoon.

Production
The 4Kids crew weren't able to get the voice cast of the 1987 show involved due to that the show was recorded in Los Angeles instead of New York.

Voice cast
 Jason Griffith as 1984 Leonardo
 Dan Green as 1987 Leonardo
 Michael Sinterniklaas as 2003 Leonardo
 Sean Schemmel as 1984 Raphael
 Sebastian Arcelus as 1987 Raphael

2009 animated movies
2000s television movies
Animated Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles movies
Superhero crossover movies
American animated movies
American television movies
The Nightmare Begins

"The Nightmare Begins" is the first episode of Invader Zim as was aired on March 31, 2001.

Plot
At Conventia, the convention hall planet, Almighty Tallests Red and Purple are beginning the Great Assigning for Operation Impending Doom II. A small Irken named Zim arrived and wanted to join. The Tallest remember that Zim was banished to Foodcourtia because in the original Operation Impending Doom, he nearly destroyed Irk, the Irken home planet.

2001 television episodes
Scary Movie 2

Scary Movie 2 is an American comedy movie. It is a parody of a horror movie. It is directed by Keenan Ivory Wayans. It stars Anna Faris Regina Hall, Marlon Wayans and Shawn Wayans. It was released to mixed reviews on July 7, 2001.

Production
Marlon Brando was going to have a role but he wouldn't make it due to his declining health.

Other websites 

2001 comedy movies
2000s parody movies
American comedy movies
American parody movies
Buena Vista International movies
English-language movies
Marcus Terentius Varro

Marcus Terentius Varro Reatinus (116 – 27 BC) was a Roman writer. He wrote many books, but only one work survives completely - Three books on Agriculture.  In this work, he describes farming in Roman times. 

Scholars say this book has a little microbiology and epidemiology. Varro warned his contemporaries to stay away from swamps and marshes: 

...there are bred certain minute creatures which cannot be seen by the eyes, but which float in the air and enter the body through the mouth and nose and cause serious diseases.

References

2nd-century BC births
1st-century BC deaths
Ancient Roman writers