cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Amplitude modulation

Amplitude Modulation, usually shortened to AM, is a simple way to send a radio signal. The signal can travel long distances, and appear in faraway places, because of the earth's ionosphere. 

Amplitude is the height of a wave. A carrier wave is modulated (changed) by adding audio. The combined signal is transmitted over a frequency. AM signals can be received by a crystal-powered radio set, that needs no batteries or electrical power source. Many early radios were homemade, and used earphones.

AM signals are mostly sent out on medium wave and shortwave frequencies. They do not carry high fidelity sound, but the sound is good enough to hear most things. Analog signals can fade in and out, or have interference from power lines and power stations. Sunspot activity can also weaken signals.

In the early years of commercial broadcasting in the 1920s, medium wave AM (from 540 to 1600 kilocycles) was the only kind of radio widely used. Radio programs were much like today's television programs, including news, sports, drama, music, comedy, and other entertainment.

Later Frequency Modulation (FM) radio was developed. It had better fidelity, but the signals could not travel as far, so AM was still important. After television became common in the 1950s, AM became a major format for popular music. As FM became common in the 1970s, AM stations featured more news, and talk shows.

Shortwave radio signals (from 3000 to 30,000 kilocycles) can travel around the world, and are used by countries to send programs to distant places. These programs feature news about the country, examples of their native culture and history, and sometimes foreign language lessons.

References 

Mechanical vibrations
Radio technology
Biberach (district)

Biberach (IPA: ['bi:bərax]; Alemannic German: Landchrais Bibra) is a district in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is surrounded by (from the south and clockwise) the districts of Ravensburg, Sigmaringen, Reutlingen and Alb-Donau, and the Bavarian districts Neu-Ulm, Unterallgäu and the district-free city Memmingen. The most important towns in the district of Biberach are Biberach (Riß), Riedlingen, Ochsenhausen and Laupheim.

Geography 

The district has hilly countryside between the rivers of the Danube and the Iller. The Danube crosses the district in its westernmost part from south to north. The Iller forms the eastern border of the district. Another river is the Riß, an affluent of the Danube (the river Riß goes into the Danube). It goes across the district from south to north.

The Federsee is a small lake in the southwest of the district. Its area is only 1.4 km², but it is famous for Neolithic findings and birds that are not seen a lot.

Media 
The local newspaper is the Schwäbische Zeitung ("Swabian Newspaper"). The Biberach Independent Film Festival focusses on experimental shorts and documentaries. The festival starts at the end of October and runs into November.

Coat of arms 

The imperial eagle symbolizes the imperial city of Biberach. At first, the coat of arms of the city showed an eagle as well as a beaver as a canting symbol. In 1488 the coat of arms of the city was changed to show only the beaver. The crosier symbolises the monasteries of the area.

Cities and towns

Other websites 

Official website of the district of Biberach (German)
Huge private website about the town of Biberach (German and (in parts) other languages.)
Federsee Neolithic Museum (German, English)
Federsee Nature Reserve (German)
Biberach Independent Film Festival  (German)
Sam Allardyce

Samuel Allardyce (born: 19 October 1954) is an English former football player, and was currently the manager of Championship club West Bromwich Albion.

Career statistics

Club
Source:

A.  The "Other" column constitutes appearances and goals in the League Cup, Football League Trophy, and Full Members Cup.

Managerial statistics

Honours

Player
Bolton Wanderers
Football League Second Division: 1977–78

Preston North End
Football League Fourth Division promotion: 1986–87

Individual
PFA Team of the Year: 1986–87 Fourth Division

Manager
Limerick
League of Ireland First Division: 1991–92

Notts County
Football League Third Division: 1997–98

Bolton Wanderers
Football League First Division play-offs: 2001

West Ham United
Football League Championship play-offs: 2012

Individual
Football League First Division Manager of the Month: January 2001
Premier League Manager of the Month: August 2001, November 2003, January 2004, December 2006, February 2014, October 2014

References 

1954 births
Living people
English footballers
English football managers
England national football team managers
Sportspeople from West Midlands (county)
Chief Constable

A Chief Constable is the top police officer in a police force in the United Kingdom. Every police force in the United Kingdom has a Chief Constable except the City of London Police and  the Metropolitan Police.

Law enforcement in the United Kingdom
Hugh Orde

Hugh Stephen Orde OBE was the Chief Constable of the Police Service of Northern Ireland. He became the Chief Constable on 29 May 2002 and was it until 2009. His first police job was in 1977 at the Metropolitan Police Service. He was made a member of the Order of the British Empire in 2001, and was given a knighthood in 2005.

References

Northern Ireland people
Candy Lo

Candy Lo (born October 18, 1974) is a C-rock singer-songwriter and actress from Hong Kong. She has released 9 studio albums, over 40 singles, 2 compilations, 1 live album and 1 EP with Sony Music to date.  On June 11 she released her first EP on her new label WOW Music.

1974 births
Living people
C-pop singers
C-rock
Actors from Hong Kong
Singers from Hong Kong
Say It Right

"Say It Right" is an R&B song performed by Nelly Furtado. It has background vocals by Timbaland. The song is from Nelly Furtado's album Loose. It was written by Nelly Furtado, Tim Mosley, Nate Hills. It was released on March 5, 2007 as a single and digital download in the United Kingdom. It was very successful worldwide reaching number one in many countries. The song is 3 minutes and 43 seconds long.

2007 songs
Nelly Furtado
R&B songs
Greater Poland Voivodeship

Greater Poland Voivodeship is one of the 16 Voivodeships of Poland. It can be found in the western part of Poland. It is mostly in the historical land Greater Poland. The capital of the Voivodeship is Poznań.

It was created on 1 January 1999.

Protected areas

Protected areas in Greater Poland Voivodeship include two National Parks and 12 Landscape Parks. These are listed below.
Drawno National Park (partly in Lubusz and West Pomeranian Voivodeships)
Greater Poland National Park
Barycz Valley Landscape Park (partly in Lower Silesian Voivodeship)
Chłapowski Landscape Park
Lednica Landscape Park
Powidz Landscape Park
Promno Landscape Park
Przemęt Landscape Park (partly in Lubusz Voivodeship)
Pszczew Landscape Park (partly in Lubusz Voivodeship)
Puszcza Zielonka Landscape Park
Rogalin Landscape Park
Sieraków Landscape Park
Warta Landscape Park
Żerków-Czeszewo Landscape Park

1999 establishments in Poland
Voivodeships of Poland
Northumbria

The Kingdom of Northumbria (), was a medieval kingdom of the Angles, in what is now northern England and south-east Scotland. It later became an earldom in the Anglo-Saxon Kingdom of England. The name reflects the southern limit to the kingdom's territory, the River Humber.

History 

Northumbria was formed in the  early 7th century by Athelfrith, King of Bernicia.  He conquered the kingdom of Deira and several British kingdoms and combined them under his rule. The kingdom of Northumbria also included Lindsey at times. Northumbria was a part of the Heptarchy of Anglo-Saxon kingdoms. At its greatest the kingdom extended at least from just south of the Humber river, to the River Mersey and to the Forth (roughly, Sheffield to Runcorn to Edinburgh). The name 'Northumbria' wasn't in common use until the time of Ecgfrith, King of Northumbria. The name is first used in the preamble to the council of Hatfield (680). Ecgfrith was described as king of the Humberfolk'. After the loss of Lindsey (kingdom) which was south of the River Humber, the name became Northumbria in Latin is Northanhymbrenis. It comes from the Old English be northan Hymbre meaning 'to the north of the Humber'. The name Northumbria was still used during the reigns of Kings Canute and Edward the Confessor. William the Conqueror broke up Northumbria into several parts. Yorkshire became the new name for the heartlands of the former kingdom.

Earldom 

Northumbria became an earldom when the southern part of Northumbria (which had been Deira) was lost to the Danelaw. The northern part (which had been Bernicia) was a kingdom for a short time but under the Danish kingdom it also became an earldom. Some of this land was claimed by both England and Scotland. The Earldom of Northumbria was later a part of England by the Anglo-Scottish Treaty of York in 1237. On the northern border, Berwick-upon-Tweed, which is north of the Tweed but had changed hands many times, was defined as subject to the laws of England by the Wales and Berwick Act 1746. The land once part of Northumbria at its peak is now divided by modern administrative boundaries:

 North East England includes Anglian Bernicia
 Yorkshire and the Humber includes Anglian Deira and Celtic Elmet
 North West England includes Cumbria
 Scottish Borders, West Lothian, Edinburgh, Midlothian and East Lothian cover the extreme north

References 

Northumberland
History of England
Anglo-Saxons
Hanging (death)

Hanging is caused when a person is held by a rope around the neck. The Oxford English Dictionary says that hanging in this sense is "specifically to put to death by suspension by the neck". Hanging is often used as a form of execution or suicide. 

The first known account of execution by hanging was in Homer's Odyssey (Book XXII). In this meaning of the common word hang, the past and past participle is hanged instead of hung.

References

Death
Moons of Mars

Mars has two little moons, Phobos and Deimos, which are thought to be captured asteroids. They were found by Asaph Hall in 1877.

Moons

References
James Horner

James Roy Horner (August 14, 1953 – June 22, 2015) was an American music director. He scored the music for the 1997 movie Titanic. He won two Academy Awards in 1998. Horner was born on August 14, 1953 in Los Angeles, California.

Horner was killed in an airplane crash near Los Padres National Forest, California, aged 61.

Awards and nominations
Horner won two Academy Awards, both in 1998:
 Best Original Dramatic Score, for Titanic
 Best Original Song, for "My Heart Will Go On" from Titanic

Horner also won two Golden Globe Awards, three Satellite Awards, and three Saturn Awards. He was nominated for three British Academy Film Awards.

In October 2013, Horner received the Max Steiner Award at the Hollywood in Vienna Gala. That award is given for extraordinary achievements in the music for movies.

List of actors

1990s

2000s

References

Other websites

1953 births
2015 deaths
Academy Award winning composers
Satellite Award winners
Accidental deaths in California
Aviation deaths in the United States
American movie score composers
Golden Globe Award winners
Grammy Award winners
People from Los Angeles
Saturn Award winners
Best Original Song Academy Award-winning songwriters
MP3 player

An MP3 player is a portable audio device people can use to listen to songs saved in the MP3 format.  They can use USB cords or Wi-Fi to connect the device to computers, so that computer files can be transferred to players internal memory.

MP3s are audio files that have been made smaller by removing sounds that the human ear cannot hear. Many newer MP3 players can also be used to view images or movies, or play games, and can also play other formats, such as FLAC and MPEG-4 AAC. The most well-known MP3 player is the iPod. MP3 players can also be built-into a car or home stereo.

Electronics
Audio technology
Wi-Fi Protected Access

Wi-Fi Protected Access (also known as WPA and WPA2) is the name for a number of standards to use encryption on a Wireless LAN. They were made because people found many weaknesses in WEP, or Wired Equivalent Privacy (the standard that came before WPA).  

Products that have the label WPA were made to work with most cards, even those that came out before there was WPA. This is not true for access points.

Products with the WPA2 use all of the standard. This started in 2004 and is more secure, but it may not work with some older hardware. 

There are two types of WPA. They are called WPA Personal and WPA Enterprise. WPA Personal is used a lot in casual places like people's homes.  To connect, you enter a password. WPA Enterprise is used for bigger networks like businesses. To connect, you must enter a username and password given to you by the people in charge of the network. 

Computer networking
Wired Equivalent Privacy

Wired Equivalent Privacy (also known as WEP) is a standard to use encryption in Wireless LANs. It was introduced in 1999. 

In 2001, mathematicians showed that WEP is not very strong. A WEP connection could be decoded, with software that can be easily found, within minutes.  Because of this finding, IEEE created a new 802.11i group to fix the problems. By 2003, the Wi-Fi Alliance announced that Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) would replace WEP, which was a subset of then upcoming 802.11i amendment.  Finally in 2004, they made it official and said that it would go ahead.  It was part of the full 802.11i standard (also known as WPA2), the IEEE declared that both WEP-40 and WEP-104 are not recommended because they are not secure enough. 

Even though it only offers low security, WEP is still widely in use. WEP is often the first security choice presented to users by router configuration tools even. Today, WEP provides a level of security that deters only accidental use.  As a result, people can invade and enter the network.

People sometimes call it Wireless Encryption Protocol, which is wrong.

References 

Computer networking
Congress of Vienna

The Congress of Vienna was a conference of ambassadors of the major powers of Europe. 
It was held in Vienna from November 1, 1814, to June 8, 1815. The chairman was the Austrian statesman Klemens Wenzel von Metternich. 

Its purpose was to decide about the political situation in Europe after the defeat of Napoleon. 
To be precise there was never one "Congress of Vienna". Instead, there were discussions in informal sessions among the Great Powers. 

The Congress was concerned with determining the entire shape of Europe after the Napoleonic wars, with the exception of the terms of peace with France, which had already been decided by the Treaty of Paris, signed a few months earlier, on May 30, 1814.

The four victorious powers (the Concert of Europe) hoped to exclude the French from participation in the negotiations, but Charles-Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord managed to get into "her inner councils" in the first weeks of negotiations.

Other websites 
 French text of the act of the Congress of Vienna 
 Animated map of Europe at the time of the Congress of Vienna
1810s treaties
1810s in Europe
19th century in Austria
1814
1815
Vienna
Coin collecting

Coin collecting is the hobby of keeping different coins.  Some people do it just for pleasure, while others collect coins for the history of the coins. People can collect coins that are old, rare, beautiful or just interesting. 

Coin collecting is a very old hobby.  Even Julius Caesar collected coins. Some coins are very expensive, because more people want them than there are copies of the coin. Some coin collectors like to collect one coin of each date, or one coin of each King or Queen of a country.

The condition of a coin is very important in finding the value of the coin for collectors.  Some coins which are worth almost nothing in poor condition can be worth thousands of times as much in new condition. The term "mint condition" means the coin has never been used ("in circulation"), just like it came out of the mint where it was made.  

The largest group of American coin collectors is the American Numismatic Association,  while the Royal Numismatic Society, which was started in 1826, is one of the largest societies outside the US. 

Many catalogs are produced around the world, generally for the coins of the country where the catalog is produced.  In the U.S., one guide, the "Red Book" has been produced annually since 1946.   In the U.K., the coin dealer Seaby produced catalogs on U.K. coins as well as ancient coins.  The catalogs were purchased by Spink's in 1996 and are continuing under the Spink's name. Spink's was founded in 1666.

References

Money
Collecting
Coins
Blood Red Shoes

Blood Red Shoes are an indie music band from Brighton, England. Blood Red Shoes's first album was Box of Secrets. There are two members: Laura-Mary Carter and Steven Ansell. They are often compared to "The White Stripes" due to the boy-girl drum-guitar setup, but they dislike this comparison and, indeed, the White Stripes themselves.  Laura-Mary  plays guitar while Steven plays drums.

Discography

Singles

Albums

Compilations 
 "I'll Be Your Eyes" - (V2 Records) 25 June2007

English rock bands
Indie bands
Brighton
Musical groups established in 2005
2005 establishments in England
La Grange, Illinois

La Grange, a suburb of Chicago, is a village in Cook County, in the U.S. state of Illinois. The population was 15,608 at the 2000 census. The name La Grange is French for "the barn."

Villages in Illinois
Suburbs of Chicago, Illinois
Settlements in Cook County, Illinois
Eurovision Song Contest 2008

The Eurovision Song Contest 2008 was a talent contest hosted in Belgrade, Serbia. It was won by Dima Bilan of Russia, singing the song "Believe". It was a big television event, watched by 250 million people around the world.

In 2008 the contest was split into two semifinals, with 19 countries in each semifinal. The first semifinal was held on May 20, second semifinal on May 22, and the final on May 24.

Semi-finals

Semi-final 1 
 The first semi-final round was held on 20 May 2008
 the color peach shows which countries qualified for the final
 Flax shows the entry chosen by the jury to go to the final

Semi-final 2 
 The second semi-final round was held on 22 May 2008
 the color peach shows which countries qualified for the final
 Flax shows the entry chosen by the jury to go to the final

Final 
The final was held on 24 May 2008.

Notes

2008 in music
2008 in Europe
Belgrade
2008
History of Serbia

ga:Comórtas Amhránaíochta na hEoraifíse#Tíortha
All We Know

All We Know is a 2006 song by Paramore, off the album All We Know is Falling. It was the last single released off the album.

Paramore songs
2006 songs
Misery Business

Misery Business is a 2007 song by the band Paramore. It is from the album RIOT!. The song was released on June 18, 2007. The video features the band playing in a room filled with the graffiti found on the bands album cover, and a person being mean at a school.

At the end of the video, singer Hayley wipes off the other girls makeup and takes something out from under her shirt exposing the girl for what she really is.

This song was controversial. Hayley did regret the use of God in the chorus and said she did not want people to use his name wrongly.

Paramore songs
2007 songs
Wesfarmers

Wesfarmers is an Australian company. It is one of the two largest retailers in Australia. The other is Woolworths. It owns Coles Supermarkets, K-Mart, Target Bunnings Warehouse and Bi-Lo Supermarkets.

References

Companies of Australia
Pressure (Paramore song)

Pressure is the first single from the album All We Know is Falling, by the band Paramore. The song was ranked #62 on the Billboard Hot Digital Songs in 2007.

References

Paramore songs
2006 songs
Hazelwood North, Victoria

Hazelwood North is a town in Victoria, Australia. Most of people who live there live on farms, about 5 acres big.

Towns in Victoria (Australia)
Hasselt

Hasselt is a city in Belgium. It is the capital of the Belgian province Limburg. It lies about half way between Liège and Antwerp. The city lays at the river demer and the albertchannel. The city has city privileges since 1232. Today, about 79.089 people live there, the people who live there are called Hasselaars.Most of them are native Dutch speakers.

Well-known people from Hasselt include Hendrick van Veldeke, probably one of the first writers who did no longer write in Latin, but rather used the German of the time, 12th century. Willy Claes, who was NATO secretary in 1994 and 1995, and Axelle Red a contemporary singer-songwriter.

It is located at 50° 55 North, 05° 20 East.

References 

Municipalities of Limburg
Provincial capitals of Belgium
Focus on the Family

Focus on the Family (FOTF, or FotF) is an American evangelical group. The non-profit organization was founded in 1977 by James Dobson, and is based in Colorado Springs, Colorado. They have started several ministries, such as Adventures in Odyssey, and Focus on the Family Action.

Other websites 
Focus on the Family official website

 
1977 establishments in the United States
1970s establishments in Colorado
Adventures in Odyssey

Adventures in Odyssey (also known as AIO or just Odyssey) is an Evangelical Christian-themed radio drama and comedy. It was started by Focus on the Family in 1987.

The series takes place in the fictional town of Odyssey. The show is most  in an ice cream and discovery emporium called "Whit's End." The place is owned by John Avery Whittaker. The show's episodes have many things in them, such as comedic and melodramatic, but also have thematic and Biblical stories. Its characters often talk about Christianity, and sometimes Bible stories are taught.

Characters

 John Avery Whittaker, voiced by Hal Smith (1987 - 1994) and Paul Herlinger (1996 - present)
 Connie Kendall, voiced by Katie Leigh
 Eugene Meltsner, voiced by Will Ryan (1988-2000, 2005-present)
 Katrina Shanks-Meltsner, voiced by Pamela Hayden and Audrey Wasilewski, 
 Bernard Walton (character), voiced by Dave Madden (actor)
 Tom Riley, voiced by Walker Edmiston (1987 - 2007)
 Jack Allen, voiced by Alan Young
 Jason Whittaker, voiced by Townsend Coleman
 Bart Rathbone, voiced by Walker Edmiston (1987-2007)
 Wooton Bassett, voiced by Jess Harnell
 Rodney Rathbone, voiced by Steve Burns
 Edwin Blackgaard, Regis's twin brother, owner of the Harlequin Dinner theater as well as the Electric Palace.  Voiced by Earl Boen.
 Chris, the show's announcer, voiced by Chris Anthony

See Character list for more information.
See AIOHQ.com Voices for a list of credited AIO voice actors.

Other websites 
 Whit's End, the official site
 Find a broadcast station
 OdysseyFan.com 
 AIOHQ - fan site by writer Nathan Hoobler
 The Odyssey Library (AIOLib.com)
 The Soda Fountain
 AIO Wiki
 Listen to AIO Online at Oneplace.com
 The Odyssey Scoop 
 The Town of Odyssey (The ToO)

Adventures in Odyssey
1987 establishments in the United States
1980s establishments in Colorado
Youth for Christ

Youth for Christ (YFC) is an international Christian ministry that promotes youth evangelism and biblical Christianity. In the early 1940s, during World War II, many young men, mostly ministers and evangelists, were holding large rallies in Canada, the United Kingdom and the United States. In an effort to coordinate these programs Youth for Christ was started in 1944. The organization was co-founded by the Rev. Billy Graham and then-evangelist Charles Templeton.

Christian organizations
Henry Luce

Henry Robinson Luce (April 3, 1898 – February 28, 1967) was an important American publisher.

Other websites 
 Time biography

1898 births
1967 deaths

American journalists
writers from Connecticut

ja:燕京大学
Big Bear Lake, California

Big Bear Lake is a city in San Bernardino County, California. It is along the south shore of Big Bear Lake. At the 2000 census, 5,438 people lived there. It is a popular place in Southern California, partly because of its skiing areas.

Cities in California
Settlements in San Bernardino County, California
Memorial

A memorial is an object which serves as a memory of something, usually a person who has died or a famous event. Statues are a popular type of memorial.

A memorial hall is a building which serves to remind people of something, again usually people who have died. Memorial halls in the United Kingdom and United States are usually about World War I or World War II. Memorial halls in Germany and Poland are often about the Holocaust, when Nazi Germany killed many Jewish people. Memorial halls in China are usually about the Japanese part of World War II. An important memorial hall is the Nanjing Massacre Museum.

Architecture
Logging

Logging is cutting down trees. It is done to fix forests or harvest logs. People move the logs out of the forest to use them for timber or paper or fuel or other purposes.

Forestry
Kølig Kaj

Kølig Kaj (born 1971) was a Danish rapper who gained national fame in 1997 by winning the Danish Melodi Grand Prix with his song "Stemmen I Mit Liv". His real name is Thomas Lægaard.  

At the Eurovision Song Contest in 1997, he ended up 16th, with only 25 points. Following that, Kølig Kaj slowly went away, and has never really gained much success. "Kølig Kaj" literally means "Cool Kaj" (pronounced Kai, rhymes with "high"). He released an album called Solgt Ud!

1971 births
Living people
Rap musicians
Danish singers
Forbidden Planet (bookstore)

The Forbidden Planet is a popular comic book, toys, and other multimedia objects store.

Toys
Tobey Maguire

Tobias Vincent "Tobey" Maguire  (born June 27, 1975) is an American actor. He is best known for playing the role of Spider-Man in all three movies and including the Marvel Cinematic Universe movie Spider-Man: No Way Home.

Early life 
Maguire didn't finish high school because he wanted to be an actor. He got help from Alcoholics Anonymous for an underaged drinking problem. He has been sober ever since. Maguire has been a vegetarian since 1992. In 2009, he became a vegan.

PETA called him the World's Sexiest Vegetarian in 2002. He often makes changes in his diet to either gain or lose weight. For example, he dramatically decreased his calorie intake for Seabiscuit. Then he quickly gained weight for Spider-Man 2.

Personal life 
Maguire met Jennifer Meyer in 2003 while he was shooting the movie Seabiscuit. They became engaged in April 2006. Their daughter Ruby Sweetheart Maguire was born on November 10, 2006.  The couple married on September 3, 2007, in Kona, Hawaii. Their second child, Otis Tobias Maguire was born on May 8, 2009. The couple divorced in 2020.

Poker 
In 2004, Maguire took up tournament poker. Maguire can be seen on ESPN's coverage of the 2005, 2006, and 2007 World Series of Poker Main Event Championship.

Movies

References

Other websites

American movie actors
Vegetarians
Actors from Santa Monica, California
1975 births
Living people
Chaplain

A chaplain is typically a priest, pastor, ordained deacon or other member of the clergy. They usually serve a group of people who are not organized as a mission or church, or who are unable to attend church for many reasons, such as poor health, confinement, or military or civil duties.

Chaplains may be members of a Christian church, or followers of Judaism, Islam or humanism. Schools, colleges, prisons, hospitals, and the armed forces commonly provide the services of chaplains.

Religious occupations
Northwestern College

Northwestern College is in Saint Paul, Minnesota.  It is a four-year Christian college. The school was founded on October 2, 1902. Billy Graham was the school's president from 1948 to 1952. Athletic teams at the school are known as Eagles.

Colleges and universities in Minnesota
Council for Christian Colleges and Universities
Saint Paul, Minnesota
1902 establishments in the United States
1900s establishments in Minnesota
Walker (tool)

A walker or walking frame is a tool for disabled people who need help to support and keep balance while walking. The rollator/walker is from Sweden. These are popular items in the mobility aid field.

Generally there are three or four wheel rollators. Most have some type of pouch or basket to carry items. Rollators are often used for long trips or when a person does not want to be slowed down by their mobility equipment. Rollators are often viewed as easier to use than a walker due to their ability to just be pushed instead of lifted.

Tools
George Beverly Shea

George Beverly "Bev" Shea (February 1, 1909 – April 16, 2013) was a Canadian-American singer and songwriter of gospel music, and has written several hymns. He gained American citizenship in 1941. He worked with Billy Graham for over 60 years.

References

American centenarians
American singer-songwriters
Canadian centenarians
Canadian singer-songwriters
Cardiovascular disease deaths in the United States
Deaths from stroke
Musicians from Ontario
Naturalized citizens of the United States
1909 births
2013 deaths
James Dobson

James Clayton "Jim" Dobson (born April 21, 1936 in Shreveport, Louisiana) is both the starter and chairman of the board of Focus on the Family. He is an Evangelical.

References

Other websites 
 Focus on the Family - Official website

1936 births
Living people
American activists
American conservatives
American Evangelicals
Anti-LGBT rights activists
Christian religious leaders
Christian writers
Focus on the Family
People from Shreveport, Louisiana
Writers from Louisiana
QuickTime

QuickTime (also called QT) is a software made by Apple Inc. It can handle different types of digital video, media clips, sound, text, animation, music, and several types of interactive panoramic images.

Other websites 
 Official QuickTime site with Download page, older versions, and additional components to extend QTs capabilities
 QuickTime content
 Apple's QuickTime developer site
  From Alice to Ocean (first creative project demonstrating Quicktime 1.0) 

Multimedia software
Graphics software
Apple software
MacOS
Subspecies

Subspecies is a classification (taxonomy) in biology. It is directly below species. When looking at the Latin name, subspecies are indicated by the third name. Subspecies can mix with each other; animals or plants from different subspecies can have offspring together (This is usually not the case with animals from different species).

When looking at subspecies, they can also be told apart sufficiently by looking at the appearance or DNA of an animal or plant.

Very often, there are populations that are between two subspecies; this is because evolution is a continuous process. Subspecies can often be recognised by subsp or ssp (before the third part of the name) especially in botany.

Examples of subspecies are:
The dog (Canis lupus familiaris) and the dingo (Canis lupus dingo) are both subspecies of the wolf (Canis lupus)
The domestic cat (Felis silvestris catus) is a subspecies of the wildcat (Felis silvestris)

Nominate subspecies
In zoology, when a species is split into subspecies, the first described population is known as the "nominate subspecies", and it repeats the same name as the species. For example, the "Daboia russelii russelii" (known as the Indian Russell's Viper) is a nominate subspecies of the species "Daboia russelii" (known as the Russell's Viper).

Taxonomy
Centrifugal force

This is the force that acts on the body in a direction away from the centre, which contributes to making the body try to fly away. When you hold a rope with a heavy object attached to it, and rotate it around, the rope becomes tight and keeps the body from flying away. This is caused by centripetal force.

In physics, centrifugal force (from Latin centrum "center" and fugere "to flee") is a fictitious force that appears when describing physics in a rotating reference frame; it acts on anything with mass considered in such a frame. Centrifugal force is fictitious because although it may feel to a person like a certain force is being exerted on them, someone outside the scene will see something different.

Example: If John is in a car that takes a sharp right turn, he will feel as though he is being pushed to his left. This is an imaginary force, called a centrifugal force, or a "running away from the center" force. John feels it because he is inside the car and is affected by it. However, if John's friend, Andy, is on the side of the road facing the front of John's car and watches John's car take a sharp right turn, Andy will see the car push John to the right with the car as it changes direction. This is a real force called centripetal force (or an "aiming towards the center" force) and acts towards the center of the circle of rotation.

Mechanics
Peeter Volkonski

Peeter Volkonski Peeter (also Piotr Andreevich Volkonsky) (born December 9, 1954, in Tallinn, Estonia) is an Estonian actor and rock-musician composer. He is a Prince from the Rurik Dynasty. He is the key art figure in Estonia.

Peeter Volkonski is a descendant of an aristocratic princely family, son of Prince Andrei Volkonsky. HSH Prince Pyotr Mikhailovich Volkonsky is a great-great-great-great-grandfather of Prince Peeter Volkonski.

Other websites
 
 

1954 births
Living people
Rock composers
Estonian singers
Estonian movie actors
Rock musicians
Princes and princesses
Estonian television actors
People from Tallinn
Estonian composers
Estonian musicians
Anonymous (song)

Anonymous is the second single from Bobby Valentino's second album, Special Occasion. The song features Amber Rives and Timbaland and was produced by Timbaland and King Logan.

The song was written by Ezekiel "Zeke" Lewis, Balewa Muhammad, Candice Nelson, and Patrick Smith of the popular songwriting/production team "The Clutch"... along with Timbaland,Amber Rives and King Logan.The song shares an electronic drum track with Justin Timberlake's "My Love" due to fact that both singles were produced by Timbaland. The song shares a similar vocal and lyric from the Willie Hutch song "Tell Me Why Our Love Turned Cold".

The music video includes supermodel Amber Rives as Bobby's love interest,Timbaland does not appear, although his verse remains in the song.

2007 songs
Mixed drink

A mixed drink is a type of drink where two or more diffent drinks are mixed together to create a new drink. Very often, at least one of the ingredients contains alcohol. Usually, spirits like rum or vodka are used in the mixed drinks containing alcohol. 

Examples of mixed drinks are Rum & Coke and Bundy & Rum.

Alcopops are pre-fabricated mixed drinks. They were mainly made for the young. Often they are made so that the alcohol in them cannot be tasted easily.

Mixed drinks without alcohol are often called virgin.

Alcoholic drink
Smash Mouth

Smash Mouth is a rock band from San Jose, California, USA.

Formed in 1994, the group is formed by Steve Harwell (lead vocals/Guitar), Greg Camp (guitar), Paul De Lisle (bass), and Kevin Coleman (original drummer). Their most famous song is "Walkin' on the Sun".

Discography
Fush Yu Mang (1997)
Astro Lounge (1999)
The East Bay Sessions (1999)
Smash Mouth (2001)
Get the Picture? (2003)
All Star: The Smash Hits (2005)
The Gift of Rock (2005)
Summer Girl - released September 19, 2006
Old Habits - unreleased

Singles

American rock bands
Musical groups from California
People from San Jose, California
Cancuén

Cancuén is an archaeological site of the pre-Columbian Maya civilization, It can be found in the Pasión subregion of the central Maya lowlands. It  is located in the present-day Guatemalan Department of El Petén.  The city is famous because it has one of the largest palaces in the Maya world.

Ancient Cancuén 

Cancuén was a major city during the Classic Period. It reached its peak during the seventh century A.D.  The city was a major trade center. Especially jade, pyrite and obsidian were traded there.  Its strategic position on the Río Pasion helped it dominate trade in the region. Tajal Chan Ahk, one of the city's most powerful rulers, built the city's palace in 770 A.D.  The palace covered nearly 23,000 square meters and contained 200 rooms, making it the largest in the Maya area.  The city had two ball courts, a large marketplace and a dock on La Pasion River.  There are only few large temples or burial sites in the city; it is thought that the inhabitants of Cancuén worshipped and buried their dead in the mountains near the city. Several dozen bodies dressed in royal garments were discovered near the base of the central pyramid.  Investigations have shown that the bodies, including the city's ruler at the time, Kan Maax, had been executed and dumped in a cistern.  The massacre occurred around 800 A.D.,  at the time when the Mayan civilization collapsed.

References

Other websites 
Maya Palace Uncovered
National Geographic: Archaeologist Uncover Maya “Masterpiece” in Guatemala
Photo Gallery and Site description 

Archaeological sites in Guatemala
Maya civilization
Rum

Rum is an alcoholic spirit. It is made from molasses and other sugarcane by-products through fermentation and distillation. Rum is mostly made in or around the Caribbean. Rum is also made in other parts of the world, like Fiji or Australia.

Alcoholic spirits
Pridon Khalvashi

Pridon Khalvashi (; born 17 May 1925 – July 8 2010) is one of the famous Georgian writers who contributed Georgian poetry and literature, as well as its political and social life.

Early life
He was born in western Georgia, in mountainous village of Adjara, called Gegelidzeebi on 17th of May in 1925.
In 1938-1940 he studied at cultural-educational centre of Batumi and in 1950 he graduated Batumi Pedagogical Institute. The starting point of his career is 1949, when his first book of poems called "In the country of Sun" was published.

Writing
The poetry of Pridon Khalvashi is created on the basis of historical tragedy of south-western Georgia. At the end of 16th century, the south-western part of Georgia was occupied by the Ottoman Empire. Since then, the region of Ajara, where the writer was born became a part of Turkey until the end of 19th century. His poems and novels express the idea of national unity and feelings that Adjarians experienced while they were under the rule of Turkey.

Pridon Khalvashi is the author of more than 20 poetry books such as "Thought at Chorokhi" (1960), "Please" (1962), "Consolation" (1969). Pridon Khalvashi wrote several dramatic compositions, "The Call of Khikhani" (1958), "The Survived Eternity" (1959) and "Weeping of the Vine" (1962) that were performed at different Georgian theatres. Pridon Khalvashi's poems are translated into several foreign languages such as Russian and Turkish. For the book of poetry called "Hundred Sun of the Mother's Heart", he was awarded by Shota Rustaveli State Prize in 1979.

Politics
From 1995 to 1999, Khalvashi was a member of the Georgian Parliament, serving as a member of the Committee On Education, Science and Culture; member of the Committee On Migration and the Compatriots Residing Abroad; and member of Revival Faction. He was also the former head of the Ajar branch of the Georgian writer's union.

Died 
Pridon Khalvashi died on July 8, 2010 in Village Gegelidzeebi, Adjara, Georgia.

Notes

Other websites 
http://learning.lib.vt.edu/slav/lit_authors_georgian.html 
http://iberiana.iatp.ge/geosur/khalvashi.htm
http://www.parliament.ge/pages/archive_en/1995_99/mp/khalvashif.htm

1925 births
2010 deaths
Poets
Writers from Georgia (country)
Western Front (World War I)

The Western Front was started by the German Army invading Luxembourg and Belgium at the beginning of World War I in 1914 and gaining military control of many important industrial regions in France. Its quick advance was stopped by the Battle of the Marne. Both sides then dug defensive trenches, which eventually reached from the North Sea to the Swiss border with France.

From 1915 to 1917, many offensives were started from the trenches. Both sides used large numbers of artillery and thousands of infantry in the offensives. However, a combination of entrenchments, machine gun nests, barbed wire, and artillery stopped the advances. No major breakthroughs happened.

New military technology, like poison gas, aircraft, and tanks were developed to try and get through the lines of trenches.

The deadlock was caused mostly by both sides not allowing any piece of land to give some kind of advantage to the enemy, even if there was little advantage. As the war continued, and more blood was lost on both sides, the soldiers grew tired of war and had begun to make large threats to the government.

To keep the war effort going, the governments began to say that they would kill soldiers who did not attack and that the soldiers betrayed the army if they did not fight.

References 

1910s in Europe
World War I
Artifact (archaeology)

For other uses of artifact, including errors, see artifact (disambiguation).
In archaeology, an artifact or artefact is an object made or modified by a human culture.  It is usually found during an archaeological dig.  Some artifacts are stone tools, pottery wheels, jewelry, and clothing.  The study of artifacts is very important in archaeology.

Archaeology
Coba

Coba () is a big ruined city of the Pre-Columbian Maya civilization. It is in the state of Quintana Roo, Mexico. It is about 90 km east of the Maya site of Chichen Itza, about 40 km west of the Caribbean Sea, and 44 km northwest of the site of Tulum.  Coba was thought to have had around 50,000 people living in it.

Cities in Mexico
Maya civilization
Archaeological sites in Mexico
Quintana Roo
Tectonics

Tectonics is the study of the earth's structural features, especially the folding and faulting (cracking) of the Earth's crust.

Tectonics (from Latin, meaning "building") is a field within geology. It includes structures in the lithosphere of the Earth and the forces and movements that have operated to create these structures.

Tectonics is concerned with orogenies (mountain building) and major land features. This includes the earthquake and volcanic regions which affect certain parts of the world. This is discussed further in plate tectonics.

Tectonic studies are also important for understanding erosion patterns in geomorphology and as guides for the economic geologist searching for petroleum and metallic ores.

References 

Plate tectonics
Tajal Chan Ahk

Tajal Chan Ahk, also T'ah 'ak' Cha'an,  ruled the Maya city Cancuén from 757 to ca. 799.

References

South American people
Maya civilization

8th-century births
8th-century deaths
Elsa Einstein

Elsa Einstein, (18 January 1876 - 20 December 1936), was the second wife of the German phyicist, Albert Einstein. The couple were first cousins and second cousins. This is because their mothers were sisters and their fathers were first cousins. She was born in Hechingen, Germany.

References 

1876 births
1936 deaths
Disease-related deaths in the United States
German people
Creation Museum

The Creation Museum is a 75,000 square foot museum near Petersburg, Kentucky, United States. It was made to tell the story of Young Earth creationism. The museum shows its view of the theory of the start of the universe, life, mankind, and man's early history. It is based on the book of Genesis in the Bible. This book is the story of how God made the Earth, and all of its life forms in just six days. This is said to have happened about 6000 years ago. The museum rejects evolution, and points to alternative explanations to answer evolutionist's objections. 

The museum has a zoo, botanical gardens, planetarium, theater, bookshop, cafe, and zip-line.

"The state-of-the-art 75,000-square-foot museum brings the pages of the Bible to life, casting its characters and animals in dynamic form and
placing them in familiar settings. Adam and Eve live in the Garden of Eden. Children play and dinosaurs roam near Eden’s Rivers. The serpent coils cunningly in the Tree of the Knowledge of Good and Evil. Majestic murals, great masterpieces brimming with pulsating colors and details, provide a backdrop for many of the settings." - The Creation Museum website

The Creation Museum is run by Answers in Genesis.

References

Other websites 

Official Creation Museum website
Answers in Genesis' website

Museums in the United States
Christian organizations based in the United States
Buildings and structures in Kentucky
George Whitefield

George Whitefield (16 December 1714 – 30 September 1770), was a preacher in the Church of England. He was one of the leaders of the Methodist movement. Colonists loved to hear him preach of love and forgiveness as he had a different style of preaching compared to Old World priests. This led to new missionary work in the Americas in converting Indians to Christianity. He helped establish the Evangelical movement, which was based on the idea that salvation could be achieved through believing in Jesus  and following God’s word in the Bible.

1714 births
1770 deaths
Alumni of the University of Oxford
American Calvinists
American Evangelicals
American Methodists
Anglican priests
Christian religious leaders
English Anglicans
English priests
Evangelists
Gloucester
Missionaries
People from Gloucestershire
Timiş River

The Timiş or Tamiš (Romanian: Timiş; Serbian: Тамиш or Tamiš; German: Temesch; Hungarian: Temes) is a 359 kilometer long river coming up from the Semenic Mountains, the southern part Carpathian Mountains,  in Caraş-Severin County, Romania. It flows through the Banat region and into the Danube near Pančevo, in the northern part of Serbia.

Characteristics 
The Timiş River's Drainage area covers 13.085 km² (in Romania 8.085 km², in Serbia 5,000 km²). 

The river starts at the joining of the headwaters Brebu,Grădiştea and Semenic in Lake Trei Ape.

Tributaries 
The river flows through Romania for 241 km.

These are the tributaries of the Timiş River: Râul Rece, Slatina, Valea Mare, Măcicaş River, Pârâul Lung, Armeniş River, Sebeş, Bistra, Şurgani River, Timişana, Pogăniş River, Timişul Mort River and Vena Mare. In its 118 km course through Serbia it has only one tributary, albeit the longest one, Brzava.

Settlements

Romania
Big cities in the rivers Romanian flow are Caransebeş and Lugoj.

These are the smaller smaller towns and cities that lie along the Timiş River:
Căvăran
Rudna
Teregova
Armeniş
Sadova Veche
Slatina-Timiş
Bucoşniţa
Petroşniţa
Valea Timişului
Prisian
Buchin
Jupa
Zăgujeni
Prisaca
Căvăran (Constantin Daicoviciu)
Sacu
Jean
Gavojdia
Lugojel
Coştei
Bazoş
Uliuc
Urseni
Şag
Parţa
Cebza
Crai Nou, TimişCrai Nou
Gad
Grănicerii

One of the big Romanian cities, Timişoara, though the name makes it seem like it, is not settled on the river. Although, the name comes from the river, when about 800 years ago the region was a swampy one and the Timiş had a very large flow area. In 1728 when the rivers Timiş and Bega were canalized, Timiş stopped to flow through the city.

Serbia
Jaša Tomić
Šurjan
Boka
Sečanj
Neuzina
Banatski Despotovac
Botoš
Tomaševac
Orlovat
Idvor
Farkaždin
Sakule
Čenta
Baranda
Opovo
Sefkerin
Glogonj
Jabuka
Pančevo

Rivers of Serbia
Tributaries of the Danube
Rivers of Romania
Communes of Romania

A commune (comună in Romanian) is the second lowest level of division in Romania. There are 2,686 communes in Romania.  There is no set limit to population in the communes, but once they exceed a population of 10,000 people, the commune gets the status of a city. The first lowest level of division in Romania is called "sat". "Satele" (pl.) are for the "comuna" just like the counties for the state.

Related pages
List of cities in Romania
Municipalities in Romania
Counties of Romania

 
Romania-related lists
Municipalities of Romania

A municipality (municipiu in Romanian, from Latin municipium) is a kind of subdivision in Romania.

The following is a complete list of the municipalities of Romania, by county: