cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Flag of Vietnam

The flag of Vietnam, officially "red flag with a gold star" (cờ đỏ sao vàng), was designed in 1940. The background color is red and there is a yellow star. Red means revolution and victory while the yellow star means leadership of Communist Party of Vietnam. The star also means different grades of Vietnam.

References 

V
Symbols of Vietnam
Joe Maddon

Joe Maddon (born 1954) is the manager of the Los Angeles Angels in Major League Baseball. From 2015 until 2019 Maddon was the manager of the Chicago Cubs. He led the Cubs to a World Series victory in 2016. He previously managed the Tampa Bay Rays.

References

Other websites
Joe Maddon entry at Baseball reference

1954 births
Living people
Chicago Cubs managers
Tampa Bay Rays
Major League Baseball managers
Los Angeles Angels
Hurricane Ingrid

Hurricane Ingrid was a strong Category 1 hurricane which struck eastern Mexico at the same time another storm struck the western parts. The storm claimed the lives of 32 people in Mexico. The winds of Ingrid reached  at its peak. The storm, however, weakened before heading into Mexico as a severe tropical storm in September 2013. The name Ingrid was later retired. It was replaced with Imelda for 2019.
 
Ingrid
2013 in weather
2010s in Mexico
Antonio Ghislanzoni

Antonio Ghislanzoni (25 November 1824 – 16 July 1893) was an Italian writer. He wrote the libretti for Verdi's operas La forza del destino (1869) and Aida (1871). He was born in Lombardy and died in Bergamo.

1824 births
1893 deaths
Italian writers
Baidu Baike

Baidu Baike (Chinese: 百度百科) is an online encyclopedia owned by Baidu, a Chinese search engine. It started providing service in 2006. By August 2013 Baidu Baike had about five million articles. This compares with about 700,000 articles in the Chinese Wikipedia. Early in 2018 these numbers were about fifteen million and one million.

Baidu Baike censors its content to the requirements of the Chinese government.

References

Other websites 
 Official website

Websites established in 2006
Encyclopedias

2006 establishments in Asia
Surface water

Surface water is water on the surface of the planet, above the ground. It is the water in rivers, lakes, wetlands and oceans. It is different to groundwater, which is in the soil, and atmospheric water, which is in the sky.

Fresh surface water is added to by precipitation and by taking ground-water from the ground. It is lost through evaporation, where it becomes atmospheric water, or through seepage into the ground, where it becomes ground water. It is also lost through use by plants for transpiration, animals for drinking, or by humans for agriculture, washing and other purposes. Fresh water is also discharged to the ocean, where it becomes salt water.

Related pages 
 Water cycle

Water
Nature photography

Nature photography is photography of natural things such as landscapes, wildlife, and plants. It can include close-ups of natural scenes and textures. Nature photography tends to put a stronger emphasis on making the photo look good than other forms of photography like photojournalism and documentary photography. Nature photographs are published in scientific, travel and cultural magazines.

Photography
Photography
Tetanurae

Tetanurae (/ˌtɛtəˈnjuːriː/ or "stiff tails") are a clade which includes most theropod dinosaurs, including birds. Tetanurans first appear in the Jurassic.  It is a large group of theropod dinosaurs.  Jacques Gauthier used the term when he first applied cladistics to vertebrate paleontology.

The term refers to the stiff tail which was held above the ground as a counterweight when the animal walked or ran.

Tetanurae are defined as all theropods more closely related to modern birds than to Ceratosaurus. Gauthier considered it to consist of Carnosauria and Coelurosauria. Modern birds are the only living representatives of the clade Tetanurae.

References

Carnosaurs
Fight Club (book)

Fight Club is a novel by Chuck Palahniuk. It was published in 1996 by W. W. Norton & Company. It was well received. The story is about an insomniac and a man named Tyler Durden. They start a fight club as a form of mental therapy. The book was made into a movie of the same name starring Brad Pitt and Edward Norton.

1996 books
20th-century American novels
Dissociative identity disorder in fiction
English-language novels
St Augustine's Abbey

St Augustine's Abbey was a Benedictine abbey in Canterbury, Kent, England. It is named after Saint Augustine of Canterbury. It was founded during the early introduction of Christianity to the Anglo-Saxons.

The original church was built at the end of the 6th century. It was ordered by King Æthelberht of Kent. Building started in 598.

The ruins of St Augustine's Abbey, together with Canterbury Cathedral and St Martin's Church, were named a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1988. As a group, they are buildings which show the development of Christianity in Britain.

References

Other websites

 at English Heritage

 St Augustine's Abbey at SacredDestinations.com

6th-century establishments in England
Benedictine abbeys
Archaeological sites in England
Churches in England
World Heritage Sites in the United Kingdom
Museums in England
1530s disestablishments
Ruins
G-Unit Records

G-Unit Records is a record label started by the musician 50 Cent. It specializes in hip hop and rap music. It was started in 2005 and is part of the Universal Music Group. The company is based in New York City.

It has so far signed artists such as G-Unit, Lloyd Banks and Tony Yayo.

Other websites
Official website

American record labels
Hip hop
Yung Berg

Christian Ward (born September 9, 1986), better known by his stage name Hitmaka (used to be Yung Berg) is a rapper, singer, songwriter, and record producer from Chicago. He's best known for the song "Sexy Lady" with Junior. He was featured in the song "Sexy Can I" by Ray J.

Reference

1986 births
Living people
African American musicians
Musicians from Chicago
Rap musicians from Illinois
Through the Looking-Glass

Through the Looking-Glass, and What Alice Found There is a children's novel by Lewis Carroll. John Tenniel drew the pictures. The book was published by Macmillan in 1871. It is a sequel to Alice's Adventures in Wonderland.

The book is a series of dream-like fantasy episodes. The theme which ties them together is Alice's journey as a pawn from the start of a fantasy game of chess until she reaches the eighth rank and becomes a queen.

The story is about the strange world Alice discovers when she passes through a looking-glass (mirror) above a fireplace at home. The setting is a game of chess. Well known characters from the book include Tweedledum and Tweedledee, the Walrus and the Carpenter, the White Knight, and the Garden of Live Flowers.

Alice meets the White Queen, who is very absent-minded but boasts of her ability to remember future events. Alice and the White Queen advance into the chessboard's fifth rank by crossing over a stream together. At the moment of the crossing, the Queen transforms into a talking Sheep in a small shop. Alice soon finds herself struggling to handle the oars of a small rowboat, where the Sheep annoys her with (seemingly) nonsensical shouting about "crabs" and "feathers". Unknown to Alice, these are standard terms in the jargon of rowing. Thus (for a change) the Queen/Sheep was speaking in a perfectly logical and meaningful way.

The book has several famous nonsense poems, such as Jabberwocky and The Walrus and the Carpenter. and many examples of word play such as puns and made-up words, in addition to portmanteau words.

English novels
Books by Lewis Carroll
Fantasy books
Children's books
English-language novels
1871 books
John Tenniel

Sir John Tenniel (28 February 1820 – 25 February 1914) was a British illustrator. He is famous for drawing the pictures in Alice's Adventures in Wonderland and Through the Looking-Glass. He was knighted by Queen Victoria in 1893. He was born and died in London.

1820 births
1914 deaths
British illustrators
Project for Public Spaces

The Project for Public Spaces (also called PPS) is a non-profit organization dedicated to public participation in planning urban spaces in cities. The organization works in the subjects of architecture, landscape architecture, urban planning, urban design, urban geography, psychology, art, and information management.

The institute was established in 1975 and is located in New York, United States. The organization works in over 2,500 communities in 40 countries around the world.

Other websites 
Official website

Urban planning organizations
Non-profit organizations of New York
1975 establishments in New York (state)
Organizations in New York City
Sylvie and Bruno

Sylvie and Bruno is a novel by Lewis Carroll. It was published in 1889 by Macmillan. Its companion novel Sylvie and Bruno Concluded was published in 1893 by Macmillan. The first volume is set in the real world, but the second volume is set in fairyland. The books were not so well received as the Alice books.

Related pages 
Alice in Wonderland
Through the Looking-Glass

English novels
Fantasy books
Children's books
Books by Lewis Carroll
1893 books
1889 books
Association of Spanish Language Academies

The Association of Spanish Language Academies () is the highest institution of the Spanish language. It works in all countries that speak Spanish. It was established in 1951 in Mexico. The Association of Spanish Language Academies is headquartered in Madrid, Spain. It also has 22 other member organizations located in 21 other countries.

List of member countries

Other websites
 

Language regulators
Spanish language
Madrid
1951 establishments
Académie française

The Académie française (English: The French Academy) is France's main authority on the French language. It was created in Paris on 22 February 1635. Like the French Academy of Sciences, it is one of five academies in the Institut de France.

Other websites 

 L'Académie française 
 L'Académie française  from the Scholarly Societies project

Language regulators
French language
Buildings and structures in Paris
1635 establishments
National academies
1630s establishments in Europe
17th-century establishments in France
The Tale of Squirrel Nutkin

The Tale of Squirrel Nutkin is a picture book written and illustrated by Beatrix Potter. It was published by Frederick Warne & Co. in August 1903. The story is about a squirrel named Nutkin who annoys an owl called Old Brown. The owl grabs the squirrel's tail and pulls it off. Potter's next book was  The Tale of Peter Rabbit.

Story 
Squirrel Nutkin's brother Twinkleberry, Nutkin and their many cousins sail to Owl Island. They made a boat of twigs. They offer the owl Old Brown gifts. They ask his permission to collect nuts on his island. Old Brown  lets the squirrels pick nuts. Squirrel Nutkin dances and sings silly riddles to the owl, every day. Finally Nutkin makes the Old Brown mad. The owl catches Nutkin. Nutkin escapes, but loses most of his tail. After this he becomes furious when he is asked riddles.

Other websites

The Tale of Squirrel Nutkin at Internet Archive
Visiting Cumbria : Photographs of Lingholm, Derwent Water, and environs
The Riddles of Squirrel Nutkin  from Lyndie Chiou's  children's book and music blog.

Beatrix Potter
Fantasy books
1900s books
1903
English-language picture books
The Story of Babar

The Story of Babar () is a French picture book written and illustrated by Jean de Brunhoff. It was published in 1931. It was published in English in 1933. The story is about a little elephant who travels to the civilized world. He brings back to his jungle animal friends what he has discovered to benefit them.

Children's picture books
1930s books
Books with jungle settings
Fantasy books
1931 works
Central Hindi Directorate

The Central Hindi Directorate (, Kendriya Hindi Nideshalaya) is the highest authority on the Hindi language. It is based in New Delhi, India. It is organised under India's Ministry of Human Resource Development.

Other websites 
  

Language regulators
Hindi
Buildings and structures in New Delhi
Russian Language Institute

The V.V. Vinogradov Russian Language Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences () is the highest authority on the Russian language. It is in Moscow, Russia. It was established in 1944 as a part of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

Other websites 
 Russian Language Institute 
 Not to be confused with Pushkin State Russian Language Institute

Buildings and structures in Moscow
Language regulators
1944 establishments in the Soviet Union
Australian Academy of Science

The Australian Academy of Science is the highest institution for sciences in Australia. It was established in 1954. The academy is based in Canberra in the Shine Dome building beside the Australian National University campus.

The academy is modelled after the Royal Society and operates under a Royal Charter. It is independent from the government. The purpose of the academy is to promote science and science education in Australia.

References

Other websites 

Australian Academy of Science
Australian Academy of Science Building

Buildings and structures in Canberra
National academies of sciences
1954 establishments
Organisations based in Australia
Australian National Heritage List
1950s establishments in Australia
Chinese Academy of Sciences

The Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS, formerly: Academia Sinica) is the supreme institution for all the natural science organisations in China. The academy was established in 1949 in Beijing.

References

Other websites 

 Official website

Beijing
National academies of sciences
1949 establishments in Asia
20th-century establishments in China
Jerome

Jerome (; ; ;  – 30 September 420), was a Christian priest, theologian and historian. He lived in the Roman Empire. He is best known for translating the Bible into Latin (the Vulgate). He is recognised as a saint by the Catholic Church, the Eastern Orthodox Church, the Lutheran Church, and the Church of England (Anglican Communion).

References

Other websites
Saint Jerome at the Catholic Encyclopedia

340s births
420 deaths
Ancient Roman historians
Ancient Roman writers
Bible translators
Christian clergy
Christian saints
Christian theologians
Priests
Great Smoky Mountains National Park

Great Smoky Mountains National Park  is a national park in the United States.  It is also a UNESCO World Heritage Site.  The park is along the Great Smoky Mountains, which are part of the Blue Ridge Mountains.  It is the most visited national park in the United States.

There are many elevations in the park. The lowest place is Abrams Creek at .  The highest point is Clingmans Dome at . Sixteen mountains in the park reach higher than 6,000 feet (1829 m).

Park officials say there are more than 200 species of birds, 66 species of mammals, 50 species of fish, 39 species of reptiles, and 43 species of amphibians, including many lungless salamanders. The park has about 1,500 black bear  In 2001 elk were brought to the park.

Over 100 species of trees grow in the park. The lower forests are mostly deciduous leafy trees. At higher altitudes, there are more coniferous trees. The park has over 1,400 flowering plant species and over 4,000 species of non-flowering plants.

There are 850 miles (1,368 km) of trails and unpaved roads in the park for hiking. The park also offers backpacking and camping.

References

World Heritage Sites in the United States
National parks in the United States
Tennessee
Geography of North Carolina
Appalachian Mountains
Magna Graecia

Magna Graecia is a name for coastal areas of Southern Italy on the Gulf of Taranto.  This part of Italy had many Greek settlers.  Magna Graecia is Latin and means "Great Greece".

The settlers began arriving in the 8th century BC.  After the Pyrrhic War in the 3rd century BC the area was added into the Roman Republic.

History of Italy
Ancient Greece
Goody Two-Shoes

The History of Little Goody Two-Shoes is a children's book. It was published in London in 1765 by John Newbery.  The story is about a poor orphan girl who has only one shoe. A rich man gives her a pair of shoes. She is then known as Goody Two Shoes. She becomes a teacher and marries a rich widower. The name 'Goody Two Shoes' has come to mean anyone who is virtuous. It is not known who wrote the book. Some say Oliver Goldsmith, some say John Newbery himself.

Other websites

 Text of an 1881 reprint of the original version on Project Gutenberg
 Image of an 1787 Edition
 18th Century Children's Book Collections at the British Museum
 1888 chromolithographed pictorial edition at the Internet Archive

English-language novels
Children's books
18th-century books
1765 works
Gloria E. Anzaldúa

Gloria Evangelina Anzaldúa (September 26, 1942 – May 15, 2004) was an award-winning American radical feminist writer. She died from diabetes. Before she died she had been writing a book. She edited This Bridge Called My Back: Writings By Radical Women of Color with Cherríe Moraga. Her most well known book is Borderlands/La Frontera: The New Mestiza. She was born in the Rio de Grande valley of south Texas. She was a lesbian. She wrote books for children in English and Spanish. They are illustrated by Consuelo Mendez.

Awards
Before Columbus Foundation American Book Award (1986) - This Bridge Called My Back: Writings by Radical Women of Color
Lambda Lesbian Small Book Press Award (1991)
Lesbian Rights Award (1991)
Sappho Award of Distinction (1992)
National Endowment for the Arts Fiction Award (1991)
American Studies Association Lifetime Achievement Award (Bode-Pearson Prize - 2001).

Her work Borderlands/La Frontera: The New Mestiza was recognized as one of the 38 best books of 1987 by Library Journal and 100 Best Books of the Century by both Hungry Mind Review and Utne Reader.

In 2012, she was listed as one of the 31 LGBT history "icons" by the organisers of LGBT History Month.

References

1942 births
2004 deaths
American feminist writers
American radical feminists
Deaths from diabetes
Disease-related deaths in Texas
Lesbian feminists
LGBT people from Texas
LGBT writers
Writers from Texas
Psychological abuse

Psychological abuse may also be called psychological violence, emotional abuse or mental abuse. 

It is when a person puts another person under abuse which may result in psychological trauma. The abuse may result in anxiety, chronic depression, or post-traumatic stress disorder.  This kind of behaviour is an extreme kind of bullying.

This abuse happens most often when one person has power over another. 
It may result in narcissism, depression, anxiety, and other disorders.

The term does not mean physical abuse. The most common thing to happen is verbal abuse. Blaming, shaming, and name calling are signs of verbal abuse which can affect a victim emotionally.

References 

Psychology
Anniversary

An anniversary is a day on which people remember or celebrate an event that happened on the same date in a past year. The most common example is a birthday, where the birth of a person is celebrated every year on the month and day of which they were born. The first anniversary of something is celebrated exactly one year after the initial event occurred. The word was first used for Catholic feasts to commemorate saints.

Other examples of common anniversaries are those of weddings and deaths. Having anniversaries for sad incidents can be for remembering someone special, like a famous person that touched many peoples lives or to remember a tragic incident, so that it doesn't happen again. Most countries around the world celebrate national anniversaries. These could be the date of independence of the nation or the adoption of a new constitution, or the coronation of a monarch.

There are different Latin names used for anniversaries depending on the number of years that has passed since the initial event. For example, biennial means that two years has passed, decennial means that ten years has passed, and centennial means that 100 years has passed. For example, many countries have held a big celebration in the 100th anniversary of their country.

Related pages
 Diamond Jubilee

References

Other websites

 Happy Anniversary memes

Days
Chronology
Holidays
San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí

San Luis Potosí, commonly called S.L.P or simply San Luis, is the capital and largest city of San Luis Potosí, Mexico. The city lies at an elevation of . It has a population of 735,886 inhabitants.

Capital cities in Mexico
San Luis Potosí
1592 establishments
16th-century establishments in Mexico
Morelia

Morelia is a city and municipality in north central Michoacán in central Mexico. The city is in the Guayangareo Valley and is the capital of the state.

References

Michoacán
Capital cities in Mexico
1541 establishments
1540s establishments in Mexico
Wine (bishop)

Wine or Wini († before 672) was a 7th century Bishop. He was the first Bishop of Winchester. He later became the Bishop of London.

Bishop of Winchester 

Wine had been ordained in Gaul. In Wessex King Cenwalh of Wessex had grown tired of his current bishop, Agilbert, who apparently did not speak the Anglo-Saxon language. Wine did speak Anglo-Saxon and was invited by Cenwalh to come to Wessex. Cenwalh built a new church at Winchester; dividing his kingdom into two dioceses. There, Wine was consecrated the first bishop of Winchester in 660. Agribert took offense at not being consulted and returned to Gaul. King Oswiu of Northumbria appointed a monk named Chad to be bishop to the Northumbrians. He sent Chad to Canterbury to be consecrated Bishop of York. On Chad's arrival in Kent, however, he discovered Archbishop Dusdedit had died. As no successor had yet been appointed, Chad went to Bishop Wine in Wessex to be consecrated. Wine was the only consecrated Bishop in England at the time recognized by the Church at Rome.

Bishop of London 

Wine was later expelled by Cenwalh and went to King Wulfhere of Mercia. Bede stated that Wine purchased the see (diocese) of London from Wulfhere. Wine remained the Bishop of London until his death. 
Wine died in 671.

Notes

References 

year of birth unknown
670s deaths
Christian religious leaders
As-Suwayda

As-Suwayda' ( / ALA-LC: as-Suwaydā’), also spelled Sweida, is a city in southwestern Syria. Its people mainly follow Druzism. It is the capital of Muhafazat as-Suwayda', one of Syria's 14 governorates.

References

Cities in Syria
Druze
Ar-Raqqah

Ar-Raqqah ( / ALA-LC: ar-Raqqah), also spelled Rakka, is a city in north central Syria. It is the capital of the Ar-Raqqah Governorate.

References  

Cities in Syria
3rd-century BC establishments
Establishments in Syria
Al Mahwit Governorate

Al Mahwit ( ) is one of the governorates of Yemen.

Districts
Al Khabt District
Al Mahwait District
Al Mahwait City District
Ar Rujum District
At Tawilah District
Bani Sa'd District
Hufash District
Milhan District
Shibam Kawkaban District

References

Governorates of Yemen
'Amran Governorate

'Amran ( ) is a governorate of Yemen.

Districts 
 Al Ashah District
 Al Madan District
 Al Qaflah District
 Amran District
 As Sawd District
 As Sudah District
 Bani Suraim District
 Dhi Bin District
 Habur Zulaymah District
 Harf Sufyan District
 Huth District
 Iyal Surayh District
 Jabal Iyal Yazid District
 Khamir District
 Kharif District
 Maswar District
 Raydah District
 Shaharah District
 Suwayr District
 Thula District

References 

 

Governorates of Yemen
Raymah Governorate

Raymah ( ) is a governorate of Yemen. It was established in January 2004.

Districts
Al Jabin District
Al Jafariyah District
As Salafiyah District
Bilad At Ta'am District
Kusmah District
Mazhar District

References

Governorates of Yemen
Táchira

Táchira () is one of the 23 states of Venezuela. The state capital is San Cristóbal.

States of Venezuela
Zulia

Zulia () is one of the 23 states of Venezuela.  The state capital is Maracaibo.

Municipalities and municipal seats

Zulia is divided into 21 municipalities (municipios):

States of Venezuela
Maracaibo

Maracaibo is a city in northwestern Venezuela. It is the second-largest city in the country and the capital of Zulia State. The population of the city is approximately 1,495,200  with the metropolitan area at 2,108,404 as of 2010.
Maracaibo is nicknamed La Tierra del Sol Amada ("The Beloved Land of the Sun").

References 

Cities in Venezuela
1529 establishments
16th-century establishments in Venezuela
Ricardo Montaner

Ricardo Montaner (born Héctor Eduardo Reglero Montaner on September 8, 1957) is an Argentine-born Venezuelan singer and songwriter. He has released more than 15 albums with numerous successful singles. He has sold over 22 million record worldwide.

Discography
 Cada Día (1983)
 Ricardo Montaner (1987)
 Ricardo Montaner, Vol. 2 (1988)
 Un Toque de Misterio (1990)
 En El Último Lugar del Mundo (1991)
 Los Hijos del Sol (1992)
 Una Mañana y Un Camino (1994)
 Viene del Alma (1995)
 Es Así (1997)
 Con la London Metropolitan Orchestra (1999)
 Sueño Repetido (2001)
 Suma (2002)
 Prohibido Olvidar (2003)
 Con la London Metropolitan Orchestra, Vol. 2 (2004)
 Todo y Nada (2005)
 Las Mejores Canciones del Mundo (2007)
 Las Mejores Canciones, Vol. 2 (2007)
 Las Cosas Son Como Son (2009)
 Soy Feliz (2010)
 Viajero Frecuente (2012)

Filmography
 Los Reyes (Himself), 2005
 La Voz Colombia (Coach), 2012

Other websites
 

1957 births
Living people
Venezuelan entertainers
Yaracuy

Yaracuy () is one of the 23 states of Venezuela.

Municipalities and municipal seats 

Yaracuy is divided into fourteen municipalities:

The state capital is San Felipe de Yaracuy. Other important towns are Aroa, Chivacoa, Cocorote, Marín, Nirgua, Sabana de Parra, Yaritagua, and Urachiche.

Yaracuy State covers a total surface area of 7,100 km². Population: 597,700 inhabitants (2007 est).

States of Venezuela
Apure

Apure () is one of the 23 states (estados) of Venezuela. The state capital is San Fernando de Apure.

Municipalities and municipal seats 
 Achaguas (Achaguas)
 Biruaca (Biruaca)
 Muñoz (Bruzual)
 Páez (Guasdualito)
 Pedro Camejo (San Juan de Payara)
 Rómulo Gallegos (Elorza)
 San Fernando (San Fernando de Apure)

Other websites

States of Venezuela
Rebecca Nurse

Rebecca Towne Nurse (February 21, 1621 – July 19, 1692) was a pious 71-year-old grandmother when she was hanged as a witch in Salem Village on July 19, 1692. Her death was the turning point in the Salem Witch Trials. People started to doubt the truthfulness of the girls said to be afflicted and tormented by those arrested and tried for witchcraft.

Life

Nurse was born in Great Yarmouth, England in 1621. In 1644, her family settled in Salem Village, Massachusetts Bay Colony (now Danvers, Massachusetts). About 1644, she married Francis Nurse, a tray-maker. The couple were highly esteemed in the colony because few could work wood into trays, cups, mugs, dishes and other useful objects. They had eight children.

The Nurses and the Putnams of Salem had several disputes over land. On March 23, 1692, a warrant was issued for Rebecca's arrest on suspicion of witchcraft. The Putnams were behind the arrest. Many villagers were angry that she had been accused of witchcraft. She was 70 years old and known to be a very pious woman. 

Her trial began on June 30, 1692. Many testified to her good character. The afflicted girls of the community however testified that she was tormenting them. She was found not guilty of witchcraft. Some wanted her found guilty and urged the judges to reconsider their verdict. They did, and she was found guilty.

She was hanged. Her body was buried near the gallows with others who were hanged for witchcraft. In the night, her relatives dug  up her body. They buried it on the family homestead. This homestead is now a landmark. Nurse is a character in Arthur Miller's The Crucible.

References 

1621 births
1692 deaths
Executed American people
People executed for witchcraft
People from Massachusetts
Salem Witch Trials
Food court

A food court, also called a food hall, is an area inside of a building which has a number of different restaurants and snack bars located around a single area where people sit at. Food courts may be found in shopping malls, airports, and parks. They may also be found in high schools and universities, where they replace or are additions to normal cafeterias.

References

Restaurants
Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment

Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment (also called Buena Vista Home Entertainment) is the division of The Walt Disney Company that distributes videos of movies to be played in the home. Disney began distributing videos under its own label in 1978 under the name Walt Disney Home Video.

The company distributes DVDs and Blu-ray discs under the labels Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment, Touchstone Home Entertainment, and Hollywood Pictures Home Entertainment.

It releases its Disney-branded movies under the brand name Disney DVD. Disney began releasing titles on DVD in 1997, although they were not released in this format in the UK until 2000. They stopped released videos in VHS format in 2006. They began releasing movies on Blu-ray disc in the same year, under the brand name Disney Blu-ray.

Walt Disney Gold Classic Collection 
The Walt Disney Gold Classic Collection is a line of videos and DVDs released by The Walt Disney Company which ran from 2000 to 2001. The collection released before it was the Walt Disney Masterpiece Collection. All titles released were released in both VHS and DVD except for Toy Story, which was released on VHS only. It was also the only title in the Walt Disney Gold Classic Collection to have the Walt Disney Company intro.

Similar later releases

Similar later releases II

2-Movie Pack

2-Movie Collection

DVD release

DVD Packaging release

Blu-ray release

3-Movie Collection

DVD release

DVD Packaging release

Blu-ray release

DVD releases

Blu-ray releases

Blu-ray 3Ds releases

4K Ultra HD Blu-ray releases

Related pages
 List of Disney theatrical animated features

References

Other websites
 Disney DVD 
 
 
 

1980 establishments in the United States
Companies based in California
Disney companies
List of North American Numbering Plan area codes

This is a list of North American telephone area codes in effect for the North American Numbering Plan (NANP). The area to which an area code is officially assigned is known as a Numbering Plan Area (NPA).

An area code is part of a telephone number in the United States, Canada, and the Caribbean. It is the part of the telephone number after the county code. For example, in the number 1-562-555-5555, the 1 is the country code (for the United States), and 562 is the area code. An area code is typically assigned to a state, city or region.

United States
The following is a list of area codes in the United States, with some of the major cities that use that area code. Sometimes two or three codes are assigned to the same area.

Canada
The following is a list of area codes in Canada, with the major cities that use that area code. In Canada, some provinces share area codes. Sometimes two or three codes are assigned to the same area.

Caribbean and Bermuda

U.S. Pacific Territories

NANP non-geographic

References

Other websites
 List of area codes in Canada  - Accessed April 13, 2013

Telephone numbers in Canada
Telephone numbers in the United States
Canada-related lists
United States-related lists
So Random!

So Random! is an American television series on the Disney Channel. It is a musical sketch comedy that first began on June 5, 2011. It was announced as an independent series after Demi Lovato left the parent series, Sonny with a Chance. The series features the actors who acted in Sonny with a Chance, except for Lovato: Tiffany Thornton, Sterling Knight, Brandon Mychal Smith, Doug Brochu, and Allisyn Ashley Arm along with other featured actors who recur in the series. The series premiere was watched by 4.1 million viewers. The series only went for one season.

Cast

Main cast
All of the main cast of So Random! came from its parent series, Sonny with a Chance. 
 Tiffany Thornton as Tawni Hart
 Sterling Knight as Chad Dylan Cooper
 Brandon Mychal Smith as Nico Harris
 Doug Brochu as Grady Mitchell
 Allisyn Ashley Arm as Zora Lancaster

Recurring characters
 Matthew Scott Montgomery as Matthew Bailey
 Shayne Topp as Shayne Zabo
 Damien Haas as Damien Johanssen
 Bridget Shergalis as Bridget Cook
 Audrey Whitby as Audrey Vale
 Coco Jones as Coco Blue
 Grace Bannon as Grace Wetzel

References

Other websites
 
 
 

2010s American television series
2011 American television series debuts
American sketch comedy television series
Television spin-offs
Television series by Disney
Pages created with the Article Wizard
2012 American television series endings
English-language television programs
Cwichelm of Wessex

Cwichelm (died circa 636) was the King of the Gewisse, although more commonly called the King of Wessex.  He reigned from 626 until his death. He was a pagan king who became a Christian shortly before his death.

King in Wessex 

Cwichelm was the son of Cynegils, King of Wessex. He ruled jointly with his father. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle for 614 says Cynegils and Cwichelm fought at a place named Beandun, which cannot be identified. The account went on to say they slew two thousand sixty-five Welsh. Another chronicle entry for 627 (corrected to 626) states an Eomer was sent by "Cwichelm, king of the West Saxons, thinking to stab king Eadwine". It goes on to say Eomer stabbed his thane, Lilla, and a Forthere but only wounding the king. The plot to kill the Northumbrian king failed and the following year Eadwine (Edwin) sent an army to punish Wessex.  The next mention of Cwichelm in the chronicle is for the year 628. It states that Cyngils, king of Wessex, and Cwichelm his son 'fought with Penda at Cirencester and came to an agreement with him there'. The agreement seems to have been to give Cirencester to Penda. In 634 Pope Honorius I sent Bishop Birinus to England. When he reached the territory of the Gewisse (Wessex) he found them almost completely pagan. He began to convert the West Saxons to Christianity. In 635 Cynegils was baptized and King Oswald of Northumbria stood as his Godfather. In 636 Cwichelm was baptised at Dorchester. He died later in the same year (636). Although he died before his father, both were succeeded by his brother Cenwalh in 643.

Family 

Cwichelm had a son:

 Cuthred († 685), king in Wessex

Notes

References 

Year of birth unknown
630s deaths
Kings of Wessex
File hosting service

A file hosting service is an Internet service that stores files for its users. It allows users to upload files that could then be accessed over the internet from a different computer, tablet, smart phone or other networked device, after a password is provided. The files can possibly also be accessed by other users, depending on the service or what the user prefers.

A variation of this is one-click hosting, which allows users to easily upload one or more files from their hard drives (or from a remote location) on to the one-click host's server. Many web services provide free one-click hosting for image files.  This gives the file an accessible URL that can be used to identify it on the internet.

Related pages 
 File sharing

References 

Internet
File sharing
Kamen Rider

Kamen Rider (Masked Rider) is a long-running Japanese Tokusatsu television series. It is aimed at children. It began from April 3, 1971 to February 10, 1973 which lasted for 98 episodes. There is also a manga. It is about a superhero who rides a motorbike and wears a mask. It is a sequel to Kamen Rider V3.

Cast
 Takeshi Hongo: Hiroshi Fujioka
 Hayato Ichimonji: Takeshi Sasaki
 Kazuya Taki: Jiro Chiba
 Tobei Tachibana: Akiji Kobayashi
 Ruriko Midorikawa: Chieko Maki
 Hiromi Nohara: Yoko Shimada
 Shiro: Jo Honda
 Yuri: Wakaki Oki
 Mari: Linda Yamamoto
 Michi: Katsumi Nakajima
 Goro Ishikura: Yasuharu Miura
 Emi: Emily Takami
 Mika: Yoko Sugibayashi
 Tokko: Machiko Nakajima
 Naoki: Tomonori Yazaki
 Mitsuru: Yoshikazu Yamada
 Yokko: Yoshida Nakada
 Choko: Mimy

Other websites
Website at Igadevil

Japanese television series
Children's television series
1971 establishments in Asia
1971 television series debuts
1970s establishments in Japan
Holywell Green

Holywell Green is a small village in Calderdale, West Yorkshire, England. It is the name given to the east side of Stainland. There are also several hamlets in the surrounding area, such as Jagger Green and Old Lindley.

References

Other websites

Villages in West Yorkshire
Hamlets in England
Pihtipudas

Pihtipudas is a municipality in Finland. In August 2013, 4,386 people lived there. It is in Central Finland. It is next to the municipalities of Haapajärvi, Keitele, Kinnula, Pielavesi, Pyhäjärvi, Reisjärvi and Viitasaari. It contains the villages of Alvajärvi, Elämäjärvi, Ilosjoki, Korppinen, Kärväskylä, Muurasjärvi, Pihtipudas, Peninki, Rönny, Saani, Kojola and Seläntaus. The largest lakes nearby are Kolima, Alvajärvi and Muurasjärvi.

Other websites

 Municipal website

Municipalities of Central Finland
Red River Parish, Louisiana

Red River Parish () is a rural parish in the U.S. state of Louisiana. Its seat is Coushatta. It was created in 1871 by the state government. As of the 2010 census, the population was 9,091.

Communities

Town 

 Coushatta (parish seat and largest municipality)

Villages 

 Edgefield (smallest municipality)
 Hall Summit
 Martin

Unincorporated communities 

 Crichton
 East Point
 Fairview Alpha
 Grand Bayou
 Hanna
 Harmon
 Lake End

References

 
1871 establishments in the United States
1870s establishments in Louisiana
Ark-La-Tex
Coronary artery bypass surgery

Coronary artery bypass surgery is a type of surgery that relieves chest pain, caused by lack of blood flow, and reduces the risk of death from heart disease. It is also known as coronary artery bypass graft (CABG, pronounced "cabbage") surgery, and known by doctors as heart bypass or bypass surgery. In this surgery, blood vessels from elsewhere in the patient's body are added to the heart vessels to go around blood vessels blocked by fat and get more blood into the heart so it can keep running. This surgery usually happens with the heart stopped, which makes machines that act as lungs and heart needed. However, it is possible to have the surgery with the heart still pumping, called "off-pump" surgery. 

Surgery
Puck (Shakespeare)

Puck is a character in a play called A Midsummer Night's Dream. This play was written by William Shakespeare. In this play, Puck is a servant to the Fairy King, Oberon. Puck has some amazing abilities. For example, he can travel around the world in 40 minutes. In spite of his abilities, Puck makes a few mistakes in the play that create confusion for the other characters. For example, he puts a love potion into the wrong person's eyes. He also plays tricks. He puts a donkey's head on one character. 

Puck was not Shakespeare's invention. He was a character in folklore called 'pouke'. He was known as early as 1000 AD. He was an evil, dangerous demon. By the time of Geoffrey Chaucer, he had become linked with the Biblical devil. By Shakespeare's day, he was known as Puck, Robin Goodfellow, and Hobgoblin. He was a goblin who made mischief. 

By the time of Shakespeare and other Elizabethan poets, Puck had become a combination of English folklore and English country life. Shakespeare writes that Puck would frighten the village girls, ruin the butter, and lead travelers in the night the wrong way. Mickey Rooney played Puck in a 1935 movie adaptation of Shakespeare's play. 

Shakespeare used a description of Puck from Reginald Scot's The Discoverie of Witchcraft (1584). Scot describes Puck with disapproval. He points out that people no longer believe in him. Scot also tells of a man whose head was replaced with the head of a donkey.

References

Folklore
Characters in Shakespeare's plays
Shylock

Shylock is a key character and the antagonist in Shakespeare's 1596 or 1597 play The Merchant of Venice. He is a Jewish moneylender.

Shylock agrees to a bond with Antonio, the merchant of Venice. This bond requires Antonio to give a pound of his flesh next his heart should the money not be repaid on a certain date. When Antonio fails, Shylock goes to court to get the pound of flesh. Antonio had previously insulted and spat on him in the Rialto (the commercial centre of Venice). This helps to explain why Shylock demanded his pound of flesh.

Meanwhile, Shylock's daughter Jessica falls in love with Antonio's friend Lorenzo and converts to Christianity. This adds to Shylock's rage.

Shylock fails in court, and Antonio is released. Shylock is charged with attempted murder. Shylock is then forced to give half of his properties to the country and the other half to Antonio and to convert to Christianity.

Shylock has a famous speech beginning "Hath not a Jew eyes?" Famous actors who have played Shylock include Laurence Olivier.

In Shakespeare's time, no Jews had been legally present in England for several hundred years (since Edward I's Edict of Expulsion in 1290). But the idea of Jews as money lenders remained from the Middle Ages. Historically, money lending had been a fairly common occupation among Jews, perhaps because Christians were not allowed to practise usury.

Characters in Shakespeare's plays
Chico Albuquerque

Chico Albuquerque (25 April 1917 – 26 December 2000) was a Brazilian photographer. He was born in Fortaleza.

His parents were also photographers. He became specialized in portraits. In 1948, he was the first Brazilian photographer to produce an advertisement campaign for J. W. Thompson agency. Until then, advertisement in Brazil used just drawings and illustrations. His work was exhibited worldwide and received awards in Frankfurt, Turim and Buenos Aires.

On 26 December 2000, Chico Albuquerque suffered a stroke and died.

Awards 
 1950 - 1st Place. Golden Medal, Foto Cine Brasileiro – Rio de Janeiro.
 1951 - 10o. Salão Fotográfico Internacional de São Paulo (São Paulo International Photography Fair) - Bronze Medal.
 1953 - Frankfurt International - Golden Medal - Portraits.
 1953 - 6o. Salão Internacional de Fotografias de San Sebastian. Silver Medal - Spain.
 1958 - Troféu da Escola de Propaganda de São Paulo.
 1998 - Prêmio Nacional de Fotografia. Funarte – Rio de Janeiro.

Exhibitions 
 2013 - A São Paulo de Chico Albuquerque, Espaço Itaú de Cinema Frei Caneca, São Paulo, SP.
 2013 - O Estúdio Fotográfico Chico Albuquerque, MIS, São Paulo, SP.

Other websites 
 Instituto Chico Albuquerque 

1917 births
2000 deaths
Brazilian photographers
Deaths from stroke
People from Fortaleza
Nicolas Poussin

Nicolas Poussin (, , ; June 1594 – 19 November 1665) was a French painter. He painted scenes from Ovid and from the Bible.

Related pages
Neoclassicism

References

Other websites
Met Museum

1594 births
1665 deaths
French painters
Yeongwol County

Yeongwol County (Yeongwol-gun) is a county in Gangwon Province, South Korea.

It is well known as the place where King Danjong, the sixth king of Joseon Dynasty, was exiled to, when he was forced to abdicate by his uncle, who became Sejo of Joseon. It is also where he is buried after he was murdered in 1457, because he was perceived to be a continuing threat to the rule of his uncle.

It is also where Joseon Dynasty poet Kim Sat-gat is buried.

Tourism 
A tourist attraction in this area is the Yeongwol Insectarium (), a private insect museum. It has a collection featuring a large quantity of insects from Korea and all around the world. It was founded by Professor  Lee Dae-Am who is professional architect and an amateur entomologist, and was opened May 5, 2002. The building had been a school unti Lee Dae-Am turned it into the insectarium.

The aim of the museum is to create interest in insects, and to educate people on the importance of bugs to the world ecological systems. The Yeongwol insectarium has been recognized as one of the best visitor attractions.

It displays both living and dead insect collections, from butterflies to bees, dragonflies to grasshoppers. The insect displays are divided by three sections in the Exhibition Room. The display includes such specialities as Korean endangered species like the Baby-Dragonfly, the smallest dragonflies in the world, and the biggest and worldly rare beetle.

References

Other websites
 Yeongwol County tourism office home page 

Counties
Subdivisions of South Korea
Government shutdown in the United States

In the United States, a government shutdown is a partial shutdown of some government services. It is not complete anarchy - essential services such as police remain active. The most recent shutdown occurred on January 20, 2018 through January 22, 2018 caused by disputes in immigration and child healthcare.

Government of the United States
Cynegils of Wessex

Cynegils († 643) was the King of the Gewisse, although more commonly called the King of Wessex. He ruled from 611 to 643. Cynegils was a pagan king but under his rule Wessex started its conversion to Christianity. Cynegils himself was baptized in 635.

King in Wessex 
Cynegils was the grandson of Cutha. He was the son of Ceol of Wessex and probably the nephew of Ceolwulf. He ruled jointly with his son Cwichelm. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle for the year 614 says Cynegils and Cwichelm fought together at a place named Beandun. The account said they slew two thousand sixty-five Welsh. This was a major victory for the West Saxons. Cynegils had some setbacks however during the middle of his reign. His son Cwichelm sent someone to try to kill King Edwin of Northumbria. When Edwin attacked Wessex in retaliation five Kings of Wessex were killed. The Northumbrian attack weakened the West Saxon army. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle for 628 says that Cyngils, king of Wessex, and Cwichelm his son 'fought with Penda at Cirencester and came to an agreement with him there'. The 'agreement' seems to have been to give Cirencester to Penda. So this was a defeat for Cynegils and his son Cwichelm and a permanent loss of Cirencester.

In 634 Pope Honorius I sent Bishop Birinus to England. When he reached the territory of the Gewisse (Wessex) he found them almost completely pagan. He began to convert the West Saxons to Christianity. In 635 Cynegils was baptized by Birinus and King Oswald of Northumbria stood as his Godfather. This may have been a condition of the marriage between Oswald and Cynegils's daughter, Cyneburh. He gave Bishop Birinus the city of Dorchester and several churches so he could convert the pagans in Wessex. The conversion took some time to complete and several kings who followed were either pagan or converted to Christianity later in their reigns.

Cwichelm, his son, ruling as either co-king or underking, died in 636. From that time on Cynegils seems to have ruled Wessex by himself until his death in 643. He was succeeded by his son Cenwalh. Cynegils's reign marked the turning point for Wessex from bands of warriors to the beginnings of a united kingdom.

Family 
Cynegils had the following children:
 Cwichelm († 636), ruled with his father.
 Cenwalh (†) 672), succeeded his father as King of Wessex.
 Centwine, King of Wessex.
 Cyneburh, in 635 married King Oswald of Northumbria.

Notes

References

Other websites 
 Britannia: Kings of Wessex 

Year of birth unknown
640s deaths
Kings of Wessex
642 deaths
7th-century births
7th-century deaths
Anglo-Saxons
House of Wessex
Kings and Queens of England