cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Daniel Tetrault

Daniel Tetrault (born September 4, 1979) is a Canadian professional ice hockey defenceman for the Wichita Thunder of the Central Hockey League. He won the Central Hockey League Most Outstanding Defenseman in the 2001-02 CHL season.

Career statistics

References

Other websites

1979 births
American Hockey League players
Brandon Wheat Kings players
Canadian ice hockey defencemen
Ice hockey people from Manitoba
Living people
ECHL players
Silas Marner

Silas Marner: The Weaver of Raveloe is a novel by George Eliot. It is her third novel. It was first published in 1861. It tells the story of Silas Marner, a lonely linen weaver.

Other websites

 Silas Marner, online at Project Gutenberg
 Silas Marner, online at Ye Olde Library
 Silas Marner , complete unabridged book at sparknotes.com 
 Silas Marner Cliff Notes 
 Silas Marner audio book at Librivox
 Silas Marner - Stage Version 
 Discussion of Silas Marner on BBC Radio 4's In Our Time

1861 books
English novels
English-language novels
Robbie Neale

Robbie Neale (born April 17, 1953) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey forward who played in the World Hockey Association.

Career statistics

Other websites
 

1953 births
Brandon Wheat Kings players
Canadian ice hockey forwards
Ice hockey people from Manitoba
Living people
Sportspeople from Winnipeg
World Hockey Association players
Rapid City Rush

The Rapid City Rush is an American ice hockey team in the Central Hockey League (CHL). It plays its home games at the Rushmore Plaza Civic Center in Rapid City, South Dakota. The team began playing in 2008, and won the Ray Miron President's Cup, which is the championship of the CHL, in 2009.

Other websites
Official website of the Rapid City Rush

Central Hockey League
2008 establishments in the United States
21st-century establishments in South Dakota
Ministries Trial


The Ministries Trial (or, officially, The United States of America vs. Ernst von Weizsäcker, et al.) was the eleventh of the twelve trials for war crimes the US authorities held in their occupation zone in Germany in Nuremberg after the end of World War II.

Disagreements between the Allies meant only one trial was held by the International Military Tribunal (IMT). Other trials were held by the Allies in their own zones of occupation. The Americans held twelve trials, in the same rooms at the Palace of Justice as the IMT. These twelve trials are known as the "Subsequent Nuremberg Trials" or, more formally, as the "Trials of War Criminals before the Nuremberg Military Tribunals" (NMT).

This case is also known as the Wilhelmstrasse Trial, because the German Foreign Office was on the Wilhelmstrasse in Berlin. The defendants in this case were officials of various Reich ministries, facing various charges for their jobs in Nazi Germany and responsibility for the numerous atrocities committed both in Germany and in occupied countries during the war.

The judges in this case, heard before Military Tribunal IV, were William C. Christianson (presiding judge) from Minnesota, Robert F. Maguire from Oregon, and Leon W. Powers from Iowa. The Chief of Counsel for the Prosecution was Telford Taylor; the chief prosecutor was Robert Kempner. The indictment was filed on November 15, 1947; the hearings lasted from January 6, 1948 until November 18 that year, and then the judges took a whole five months to compile their 833-page judgment, which they presented on April 11, 1949. The sentences were handed down on April 13, 1949. Of all the twelve trials, this was the one that lasted longest and ended last. Of the 21 defendants arraigned, two were acquitted, the others were found guilty on at least one count of the indictment and received prison sentences ranging from three years including time served to 25 years' imprisonment.

Defendants 

 Stuckart was tried again in 1950 before a denazification court and sentenced as a Mitläufer (follower) a fine of DM 50,000.

Herbert Ernst Backe, the former minister for agriculture who should also have been tried, committed suicide on April 6, 1947 while in custody awaiting the trial.

References 

 Description from the U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum.
 Another description 
 Transcript  of a German radio broadcast from 1999 (in German).

Nuremberg trials
Mitläufer

Mitläufer is a German term (plural: Mitläufer) used in the denazification proceedings in West Germany after World War II to describe people who supported Nazism without directly participating in Nazi atrocities such as genocide.  Mitläufer is usually translated in English as either "fellow-traveler" or "hanger-on".

Other websites
http://www.woxikon.com/wort/mitl%C3%A4ufer.php

Nuremberg trials
Freiherr

Freiherr was a title of nobility used in German speaking countries.  Its equivalent in English is Baron.

Since the end of the German Empire titles of nobility have not been allowed, but are still used, as if they were part of the name.

In Austria the use of titles, even as names, is illegal.

Titles
Nobility
Dresdner Bank

Dresdner Bank AG was one of Germany's largest banking corporations and was based in Frankfurt. It was formed in 1872, and bought by competitor Commerzbank in December 2009.

History 
Dresdner Bank was established in 1872.  It moved its headquarters to Berlin in 1884, although its registered office stayed in Dresden until 1950.   

By 1900, Dresdner Bank had the largest German branch network. During the First World War, the London branch was forced to close; however, the overall branch network expanded.

After the banking crisis in 1931 the Weimar Republic owned 66%  Dresdner Bank shares. Its deputy director was Dr Schacht, Minister of Economy under Nazism. The Bank was reprivatised in 1937. 

During World War II, Dresdner Bank controlled various banks in countries under German occupation.  

The introduction of the Deutsche Mark in 1948 helped return banking to normality.

Dresdner Bank expanded its network with acquisition and opening new offices not only in Europe but also in the United States, Singapore, Canada, Australia, Japan, Hong Kong, and China. Dresdner Bank was the first to open its own office in former East Germany in Dresden in 2 January 1990. 

In 2002 Dresdner Bank became a wholly owned subsidiary of the insurance corporation Allianz. Allianz sold Dresdner Bank, which was legally merged with Commerzbank on 11 May 2009 and ceased to be an independent company.

Controversies

Hitler's Germany 
Dresdner Bank was known as the bank of choice for Heinrich Himmler's SS.

The bank took part early on in the Third Reich's policy of confiscating Jewish property and wealth. The bank helped to finance concentration camps, including Auschwitz.

The bank was closely involved in the occupation of Europe, "essentially acting as the bank of the SS in Poland".

Matthias Warnig's involvement 
Dresdner Bank attempted to get a banking operating licence in Saint Petersburg, where former KGB agent Vladimir Putin was in charge of foreign economic relations. Dresdner Bank appointed Matthias Warnig, a former Stasi agent and Vladimir Putin's former KGB contact , to negotiate with Putin. The office was opened in 1991. Warnig became Chairman of the Board of Directors of Dresdner Bank ZAO, Dresdner Bank Russian subsidiary.

The bank has had a lucrative business relationship with Gazprom and the state oil company Rosneft. The bank was also involved in the controversial  forced sale of Yukos assets.

References 

Banks of Germany
Defunct companies of Europe
1872 establishments
1870s establishments in Germany

fi:Dresdner Bank
Daily News (New York)

The Daily News of New York City is a daily tabloid newspaper. As of a 2009 study by BurrellesLuce, a media relations measurement service, it is the fifth most-widely distributed daily newspaper in the United States, publishing and selling.  The original New York Daily News was started by Benjamin Wood, but the business fell after his death. Joseph Medill Patterson went onto create a newspaper of the same name in 1919, it was America's first official tabloid journal. The paper has won 10 Pulitzer Prizes.

References

Newspapers in New York City
Pulitzer Prize winners
LoveGame

"LoveGame" is a song by American singer-songwriter Lady Gaga. It was released from her 2008 debut album, The Fame. It is the second song on the album.  "LoveGame" was the third single from The Fame to be released in North America. The video for the song was banned by MTV Arabia.

The song reached number five on the Billboard Hot 100 and number two on the Canadian Hot 100.  The song was planned to be the third single released in the UK, but "Paparazzi" was released instead because of “LoveGame”'s music video and controversial lyrics.  "LoveGame" managed to become Gaga's third number-one song on Billboard's Mainstream Top 40/Pop Songs radio chart.

Music video
The video depicts Gaga dancing in a garage surrounded by cars and dancers.  She rides in a subway car and performs choreography.  The video is known for its sexual content.

References

2009 songs
Lady Gaga songs
Hurricane Gracie

Hurricane Gracie was a major hurricane in September of 1959. This hurricane moved erratically for five days before making landfall over South Carolina as a strong Category 3 hurricane. Gracie caused $14 million in damage (1959 USD). Twenty-two people died due to this storm.

It is unknown whether or not the name Gracie was retired.

Hurricanes in South Carolina
1959 in North America
Tabloid

The term tabloid is used to describe newspapers or magazines with pages smaller than regular journals, although there is no standard for the exact dimensions of a tabloid. It is also used (sometimes inappropriately or as an insult) to describe a newspaper that sensationalizes news stories, often with a focus on personalities and gossip, and much less detailed coverage of topics such as politics and economics than is offered by newspapers regarded as more serious. Tabloids usually include more "celebrity" news than political.

Related pages
Yellow journalism

Publications
Paraná Association of Electrical Engineers

The Paraná Association of Electrical Engineers () exists to promote scientific and technological development and to protect the interests of professional electrical engineering, such as: Electrical, Electronics, Telecommunications, Computer, Automation, of the state of Paraná, Brazil. It is a nonprofit organization.

It was founded on August 2, 1984, in Curitiba, capital of Paraná.

References

 
Non-profit organizations
1984 establishments
1980s establishments in Brazil
Sissy Spacek

Mary Elizabeth "Sissy" Spacek (born December 25, 1949) is an American actress and singer. She played Carrie White in the 1976 movie Carrie. She also played country singer Loretta Lynn in the 1980 movie Coal Miner's Daughter. Spacek is known mainly as a dramatic actress, but she has acted in comedies. She was born in Quitman, Texas.

Other websites 

Academy Award winning actors
Actors from Texas
American movie actors
American television actors
Golden Globe Award winning actors
1949 births
Living people
Durham, North Carolina

Durham is a city in the U.S. state of North Carolina. It has about 230,000 people. Durham has two universities, Duke and NC Central. It is northwest of Raleigh, and northeast of Chapel Hill.  It is the county seat of Durham County.

Historical Facts
Before Europeans came to the Durham area, there were some Native American tribes nearby.

Durham was officially started in 1869, but there was a train station and some stores before that. It grew quickly in the late 1800s and early 1900s because of tobacco. NC Central was one of the first publicly funded (paid for) African-American colleges, and was started in 1924.

In the mid 1900s, people were buying less tobacco, so Durham became poorer. Some civil rights people also visited Durham during this time. The Research Triangle Park near Raleigh helped it some, but not very much.

Recently, Durham's downtown has gotten better and Durham is growing more. The old tobacco buildings are now being used for other things.

Geography
Durham is located in north-central North Carolina, near Chapel Hill and Raleigh, in an area known as The Triangle. One of the few rivers in Durham is the Eno River. It goes into Falls Lake.

Climate
Durham has a sort of mild climate with hot summers and cool winters. In the summer temperatures usually go from 90° Fahrenheit during the day to 70 °F at night. In the winter, is about 50 °F during the day and 30 °F at night. It can change more. Durham gets about  of rain and  of snow.

Transportation
Durham has a lot of transportation, or roads, trains, and airplanes. Some freeways in Durham are Interstates 40 and 85 and highway 147. Durham is right next to an airport. Durham also has a train station.

Things to see
Duke University is in Durham. Durham also has the Museum of Life and Science and the Nasher Art Museum. Downtown, there are also several tall buildings.

Cities in North Carolina
County seats in North Carolina
Durham County, North Carolina
1869 establishments in the United States
19th-century establishments in North Carolina
Valerie Plame

Valerie Elise Plame Wilson, known simply as Valerie Plame, is a former officer of the Central Intelligence Agency, politician and the author of two books related to her career. Her identity was revealed to public on July 14, 2003; that ended Plame's career with the CIA, from which she resigned around December 2005.

In May 2019, Plame announced her plans to run for the United States House of Representatives for New Mexico's 3rd congressional district. She lost the primary for the Democratic nomination on June 3, 2020.

References

1963 births
Living people
American political writers
American political commentators
Spies
People from Anchorage, Alaska
Politicians from Alaska
Writers from Alaska
Writers from New Mexico
Politicians from New Mexico
Paul Menard

Paul Menard (born August 21, 1980 in Eau Claire, Wisconsin) is an American racecar driver. Menard drives the No. 21 Ford Mustang for Wood Brothers Racing in the Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series, and runs part-time for Team Penske in the NASCAR Xfinity Series. Menard won the 2006 AT&T 250 (now NorthernTool.com 250) in the Nationwide Series. 

Menard won his first NASCAR Sprint Cup race, the Brickyard 400, on July 31, 2011 at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway. Menard is the son of home improvement store magnate John Menard.

Other websites
Paul Menard's NASCAR profile 

1980 births
Living people
NASCAR drivers
Sportspeople from Wisconsin
American racecar drivers
Ricki Lake

The article about her talk show is Ricki Lake (TV series)

Ricki Pamela Lake (born September 21, 1968) is an American actress, producer, and television host.  She hosted her own talk show, named Ricki Lake from 1993 until 2004. Lake played Tracy Turnblad in the 1988 movie Hairspray. During the 1990s she starred in many movies. These included Serial Mom and Mrs. Winterbourne. She recently hosted another talk show named The Ricki Lake Show which began in 2012.

Early life
Lake was born to secular, Jewish parents, Barry who is a pharmacist and Jill who is a housewife. Lake went to Ithaca College and Professional Children's School.

After her first talk show
Lake hosted Gameshow Marathon on CBS in 2006.

In September 2011, Lake competed in Dancing with the Stars with Derek Hough. She got third place. She lost to Rob Kardashian and J. R. Martinez, respectively.

Personal life

Lake married Rob Sussman on March 1994. They have two sons, Milo Sebastian Sussman born March 22, 1997 and Owen Tyler Sussman born June 18, 2001. They separated in August 2003. Lake and Sussman divorced in 2005. She started dating Christian Evans in 2009. They were engaged in August 2011. Lake and Evans married on April 8, 2012.

Movies

Television

Awards

Related pages
 Hairspray
 Ricki Lake (TV series)

References

Other websites
 

Actors from New York
American movie actors
American television talk show hosts
Dancing with the Stars participants
Jewish American actors
1968 births
Living people
Valerie Bertinelli

Valerie Anne Bertinelli (born April 23, 1960) is an American actress and television personality. She is known for her roles as Barbara Cooper Royer on the sitcom One Day at a Time (1975–84), Gloria on the religious drama series Touched by an Angel (2001–03) and Melanie Moretti on the sitcom Hot in Cleveland (2010–15). Since 2015, she has hosted the cooking shows Valerie's Home Cooking and Kids Baking Championship on Food Network.

Early life 
Bertinelli was born in Wilmington, Delaware to Nancy (née Carvin) and Andrew Bertinelli, a General Motors executive. Her father is of Italian descent and her mother is of English descent. She has three brothers: David, Patrick and Drew. She had an elder brother, Mark, who died at 17 months from an accidental poisoning before she was born. Because of her father's career, the family frequently moved.  Over various periods, they lived in Claymont, Delaware; Clarkston, Michigan; Shreveport, Louisiana; Oklahoma City and the Los Feliz section of Los Angeles, California, where Bertinelli studied acting at the Tami Lynn School of Artists. She attended Granada Hills High School. She was raised Roman Catholic.

References

Other websites

1960 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
Actors from Wilmington, Delaware
Designing Women

Designing Women was an American television sitcom. It starred Dixie Carter, Annie Potts, Jean Smart and Delta Burke. It was broadcast from September 1986 to May 1993 on CBS. This series was about the working and personal lives of four southern women.

Nielsen ratings

DVD releases
Shout! Factory has released all seven seasons of Designing Women on DVD in Region 1.

References

Other websites
 
 
 Designing Women Online
 http://www.tvacres.com/homes_designing.htm

1990s television series
American sitcoms
English-language television programs
Spiritual séance

Spiritual séance or, simply, Séance is a meeting at which a group of people often including a medium attempts to contact a ghost and communicate with it.  Participants of such meeting need not be seated while engaged in a séance.

One of the earliest books on the subject is Communitation With the Other Side by George, First Baron Lyttelton, published in England in 1760.

Some notable people who attended séances and believed in all that include the United States President Abraham Lincoln, and his wife Mary Todd Lincoln; the social reformer Robert Owen; the journalist and pacifist William Thomas Stead, and more.

Scientists who have conducted a search for real séances and believed that contact with the dead is a reality include the evolutionary biologist Alfred Russel Wallace, the inventor of telephone Alexander Graham Bell, and the inventor of television technology John Logie Baird, who claimed to have contacted the spirit of the inventor Thomas Edison, and more.

Related pages
Spiritualism
Spiritism

Other websites

A Séance Procedure (courtesy of the Other World Society)
Ghostsandstories.com Ghost stories and haunted places.
Your Ghost Stories People sharing their ghost experiences.

Notes

Occult
Murray-Darling Basin

The Murray-Darling Basin is an area in Australia around the Murray and Darling Rivers.   Three million Australians inside and outside the basin are directly dependent on its water. 

About 6 per cent of Australia's total rainwater falls into the Murray-Darling Basin. About 85 per cent of all irrigation in Australia takes place in the basin, which supports an agricultural industry worth more than $9 billion per annum.

The Murray-Darling Basin covers  or approximately one-seventh (14%) of the total area of Australia. 

Over two million people live in the Basin.

References 

Rivers of Australia
Regions of Australia
Biosphere reserves
Drainage basins
Buick Regal

The Buick Regal is a mid-size automobile that is built by General Motors's Buick brand. The Buick Regal has had five generations, the newest one in 2011. The assembly for the car's are in Shanghai, China, Rüsselsheim, Germany and Oshawa, Ontario, Canada. Prior to the fifth generation Buick Regal was strictly front-wheel drive, beginning with the fifth generation all-wheel drive (AWD) became an option. From 1974-2003 certain generations shared the same frame and design with the Buick Century, in 1997 the Regal was released with a new design making it a more upscale version of the Century the only changes were the grille and interior.

Other websites
Buick Regal at GM.ca

Regal
Coupes
Sedans
1970s automobiles
1980s automobiles
1990s automobiles
2000s automobiles
2010s automobiles
2020s automobiles
Bucky Covington

William Joel "Bucky" Covington III (born November 8, 1977 in Rockingham, North Carolina) is an American country music singer and songwriter.

Covington was part of the 5th season of American Idol where he placed eighth.

Covington released his debut album, Bucky Covington, in 2007.

Albums

Websites
Billy Covington's Official website 

1977 births
Living people
American singer-songwriters
Country musicians
Singers from North Carolina
Mileage

The term "mileage" refers to distance traveled. It often refers to distance per unit of fuel, such as miles per gallon (mpg) or litres per 100 kilometres (L/100 km). In the U.S., the fuel efficiency of motorized vehicles (such as cars, trucks, or motorcycles) is measured in mpg, as miles per U.S. gallon of gasoline. However, in the UK, the fuel efficiency is often measured in litres of fuel used per 100 kilometres, or in miles per imperial gallon.

Related pages
 U.S. customary units
 imperial units

Measurement
Patsy Cline

Patsy Cline (born Virginia Patterson Hensley; September 8, 1932–March 5, 1963) was an American country music singer.

Some of Cline's greatest known hits were "She's Got You," "I Fall to Pieces," "Walkin' After Midnight," "Sweet Dreams," and "Crazy".

In 1973, Cline was named to the Country Music Hall of Fame. But, this was after she had died. She was the first woman to enter the Country Music Hall of Fame.

She died on March 5, 1963 in a plane crash near Camden, Tennessee, and she is buried at Shenandoah Memorial Park in Winchester, Virginia.

Related pages
List of country musicians from Virginia

Country musicians from Virginia
Aviation deaths in the United States
Singers from Virginia
1932 births
1963 deaths
Daniel Nathans

Daniel Nathans (October 30, 1928 - November 16, 1999) was an American biologist. He won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1978. His parents were both Russian Jews who came to the U.S for a better life.

Daniel Nathans parents, Samuel and Sarah Nathans met each other in the U.S and were married in Philadelphia in 1910. Sarah Nathans (Daniel’s mother) came to the U.S from Russia when she was 18 years old. Samuel Nathans (Daniel’s father) came to the U.S when he was a teenager. Daniel was born on October 30, 1928. He was the last of nine children in his family. He attended the University of Delaware in 1950 and earned a Bachelor of Science in Chemistry. He then attended the Washington University in St. Louis and earned a Master's Degree in 1954.

In 1978, he won a Nobel Prize with Werner Arber and Hamilton Smith for finding restriction enzymes. He won a National Medal of Science in 1993. Nathans died on November 16, 1999 at the age of 71.

Other websites 
 http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1978/nathans-autobio.html 
 http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/biography/nathans.html

1928 births
1999 deaths
American biologists
American Nobel Prize winners
Jewish American scientists
Scientists from Wilmington, Delaware
Chris Bosh

Christopher Wesson Bosh (born March 24, 1984 in Dallas, Texas) is an American basketball player. He attended college at Georgia Tech where he played basketball. Chris Bosh started his NBA career when he was drafted by the Toronto Raptors in the 2003 NBA Draft with the 4th pick in the 1st round. Bosh would play 7 seasons with the Raptors becoming a star player before doing a sign-and-trade deal with the Miami Heat after the 2009–10 NBA season.

Other websites 
Chris Bosh's Official website

1984 births
Living people
African-American basketball players
Miami Heat players
Toronto Raptors players
Sportspeople from Dallas, Texas
National Basketball Association players with retired numbers
American basketball players
Fiat Cinquecento

The Fiat Cinquecento is a car produced by Fiat, introduced in 1991 and produced in Poland. It launched in the UK in June 1993 and was replaced by the Fiat Seicento in 1998. A fictional version called the Hawaii became famous in the British sitcom The Inbetweeners.

Engines 
 Cinquecento ED 22 kW (30 hp)
 Cinquecento 29 kW (40 hp)
 Cinquecento Sporting 40 kW (54 hp)

Cinquecento
Front wheel drive vehicles
1990s automobiles
Bowers Coaches

Bowers Coaches was a bus operator based in Chapel-en-le-Frith, Derbyshire.

It operated local bus services centered around the towns of Buxton, Glossop and New Mills. The company specialised in local bus services and the service area covers the High Peak Borough and some surrounding areas such as the town of Marple in Stockport and Ashbourne in the Derbyshire Dales.

The company became 'defunct' on 1 April 2012 as it combined with Trent Barton to form High Peak.

References

Other websites

Transport in England
American Civil Liberties Union

The American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) is a group of two non-profit organizations that fight for what they believe are important civil liberties issues. It was started in 1920 by Crystal Eastman, Roger Nash Baldwin, and Walter Nelles.

Some issues that are important to the ACLU are the First Amendment to the United States Constitution (which says that people have free speech and freedom of religion, as well as other rights), privacy, the right of people to be treated fairly if they are accused of a crime and arrested, and the right for everybody to be treated the same under the law. 

One way the ACLU tries to reach its goals is by helping people in court whom it believes are not being treated fairly by the law. The ACLU has lawyers that file lawsuits for people it represents. The ACLU also tries to change laws by teaching people about issues and by lobbying the government about what it believes.

Controversy
Some people in the United States disagree with the ACLU. Some conservatives do not like that the ACLU believes that people have the right to an abortion and that it believes in the separation of church and state. Also, some of the people or groups that the ACLU has represented in court have been unpopular, such as the Westboro Baptist Church, which is famous for protesting the funerals of American soldiers who died at war.

References

Non-profit organizations of the United States
Civil rights organizations
1920 establishments in the United States
Louise Henriette de Bourbon

Louise Henriette de Bourbon (20 June 1726 – 9 February 1759) was Duchess of Orléans and the mother of Philippe Égalité. By birth and marriage she held the prestigious rank of a Princess of the blood.

Background

Louise Henriette was born in Paris the only daughter of Louis Armand de Bourbon, Prince of Conti and Louise Élisabeth de Bourbon. In her youth she was known at court as Mademoiselle de Conti and had been bought up in a convent.

Marriage

One of Louise Henriette's cousins, Louis Jean Marie de Bourbon, grandson of Louis XIV, had proposed marriage to her, but her mother's choice fell upon the Duke of Chartres. As a result on 17 December 1743, aged of seventeen, Louise Henriette married her second cousin Louis Philippe d'Orléans at Versailles. 

The Duke of Chartres' father, Louis d'Orléans, Duke of Orléans, known as the Pious, accepted her as she had had a religious upbringing however after a passionate beginning, Louise Henriette's scandalous behaviour caused the couple to break up. She later had an affair with the Count of Melfort after the birth of her son. Her son later said that he was in fact the illegitimate son of the Count of Melfort but this was ignored as he looked so much like his father.

Death

Louise Henriette died on 9 February 1759 at the age of thirty-two, with her husband and children at her side, at the Palais-Royal, the Orléans residence in Paris. Her premature death was a consequence, it was said, of her debaucheries.

After her death, her husband had several mistresses, ultimately finding the love of his life, the witty but married marquise de Montesson, whom he married after she became a widow.

Children

A daughter (13 July 1745 – 14 December 1745).
Philippe d'Orléans (13 April 1747, – 6 November 1793) married Louise Marie Adélaïde de Bourbon and had children.
Bathilde d'Orléans (9 July 1750 – 10 January 1822) married Louis Henri, Prince of Condé and had children.

Titles, styles, honours and arms

Titles and styles

20 June 1726 – 17 December 1743 Her Serene Highness Mademoiselle de Conti17 December 1743 – 4 February 1752 Her Serene Highness The Duchess of Chartres
4 February 1752 – 9 February 1759 Her Serene Highness'' The Duchess of Orléans

House of Orléans
1726 births
1759 deaths
Dukes and Duchesses of Chartres
Dukes and Duchesses of Orléans
House of Bourbon
Dukes and Duchesses of Montpensier
Earth's core

The Earth's core is the part of Earth in the middle of our planet. It has a solid inner core and a liquid outer core. The temperature of the outer core ranges from 4400 °C in the outer regions to 6100 °C near the inner core.

Outer core 
The outer core of the Earth is a liquid layer about 2,260 kilometers thick. It is made of iron and nickel. This is above the Earth's solid inner core and below the mantle. Its outer boundary is  beneath the Earth's surface. The transition between the inner core and outer core is approximately  beneath the Earth's surface.

The temperature of the outer core ranges from 4400 °C in the outer regions to 6100 °C near the inner core. Eddy currents in the nickel iron fluid of the outer core are believed to influence the Earth's magnetic field. Convection in the outer core, combined with the Coriolis effect, gives rise to Earth's magnetic field. The solid inner core is too hot to hold a permanent magnetic field. It may stabilize the magnetic field generated by the liquid outer core. 

The average magnetic field strength in the Earth's outer core is 25 Gauss, 50 times stronger than the magnetic field at the surface.

Without the outer core, life on Earth would be very different. Convection of liquid metals in the outer core creates the Earth's magnetic field. This magnetic field extends outward from the Earth for several thousand kilometers, and creates a protective magnetosphere around the Earth that deflects the Sun's solar wind. Without this field, the solar wind would directly strike the Earth's atmosphere. This might have removed the Earth's atmosphere, making the planet nearly lifeless. It may have happened to Mars.

Inner core 
The inner core of the Earth, was detected by Inge Lehmann using seismology. It is a solid sphere about  in radius, or about 70% that of the Moon. It is believed to be an iron–nickel alloy, and may have a temperature similar to the Sun's surface, about 5778 K (5505 °C).

In 2015, Prof Xiaodong Song from the University of Illinois and other researchers in China suggested the inner core has two layers. The seismic wave data suggests that crystals in the "inner inner core" are in an east-to-west direction. Those in the "outer inner core" are lined up north to south. Another scientist commented: "If this is true, it would imply that something very substantial happened to flip the orientation of the core to turn the alignment of crystals in the inner core north-south as is seen today in its outer parts". Other scientists are checking their data.

References 

Structure of the Earth
Seminole County, Florida

Seminole County, Florida is a county in Florida.

Florida counties
1913 establishments in the United States
1910s establishments in Florida
Baker County, Florida

Baker County, Florida is a county in Florida.

References

Florida counties
19th-century establishments in Florida
1861 establishments in the United States
Bay County, Florida

Bay County, Florida is a county in Florida.

Florida counties
1913 establishments in the United States
1910s establishments in Florida
Seminole County, Georgia

Seminole County, Grorgia is a county in Georgia.

1920 establishments in Georgia (U.S. state)
Puppet (software)

Puppet is an open source software configuration management and deployment tool. Puppet is said to change the human workflow, and enable developers and system administrators to work together.

In October 2017, Puppet unveiled a new product of its own, a hybrid infrastructure tool Puppet Discovery.

References

Other websites
Deploying Tomcat Applications With Puppet

Software
Baker County, Georgia

Baker County, Georgia is a county in Georgia.  Its county seat is Newton.

1825 establishments in Georgia (U.S. state)
Barbara Hershey

Barbara Lynn Herzstein (b. February 5, 1948), better known as Barbara Hershey, is an American movie and television actress. She has starred in many movies and television series. Her acting career began around 1965, but she did not get famous until the second half of the 1980s. She was born in Hollywood, California.

She won the Golden Globe Award in 1991 for "Best Performance by an Actress in a Mini-Series or Motion Picture Made for TV". She was also in Black Swan, The Last Temptation of Christ and Hannah and Her Sisters.

References

Other websites 

Actors from Hollywood
American movie actors
American television actors
Golden Globe Award winning actors
1948 births
Living people
Buddh International Circuit

The Buddh International Circuit (or BIC) is a track (circuit) that had opened in 2011, which is used for motor racing. The main event is the Indian Grand Prix, the first to be held in that country.

The track was designed by Hermann Tilke, the FIA's most commonly used Track Designer.

The track was originally known as the Jaypee Group Circuit, after the owners, the Jaypee Group. The track was renamed in April 11, 2011

References 

Formula One
Formula One circuits
Formula One current
2011 establishments in Asia
2010s establishments in India
Mike Fisher

Michael Andrew Fisher (born June 5, 1980) is a Canadian-American former professional ice hockey centre who played for the Ottawa Senators and Nashville Predators in the National Hockey League (NHL). Fisher also played for the Ottawa Senators and played 10 seasons also becoming the assistant captain for them. 

On July 10, 2010, Fisher married country music singer, Carrie Underwood after proposing to her on December 20, 2009. He is a devout Christian.

In 2016 after the former Nashville Predators captain, Shea Weber, was traded, he was made captain of the team.

References

Other websites 
Mike Fisher's Official website
Mike Fisher's NHL profile

1980 births
Canadian Christians
Canadian ice hockey centres
Ice hockey people from Ontario
Living people
Nashville Predators players
Ottawa Senators players
Mount Buninyong

Mount Buninyong is large extinct volcano 15 kilometres south east of Ballarat, Victoria, Australia. The 745 metre volcano is on the Western Victorian Volcanic Plains.

The scoria cone of the volcano is more than 200 metres higher than the land around it which makes it one of biggest scoria volcanoes in Victoria. It has a deep central crater. The volcano erupted several times, and during one eruption the west side of the volcano was breached. In later eruptions the lava flowed through this gap in the side. It is possible that the breach was actually another crater.

There is a road that goes up to the top of the mountain, and there are a number of communication towers and a bushfire watching tower. There are three walking tracks: the Crater Walk, the Summit Walk and the Southern Walk. It is also one of the last koala habitats in the area, with large manna gums and messmate trees.

The name Buninyong comes from the Australian Aboriginal people known as the Wauthaurung. Their word for the mountain was Bunnin Yowang which meant "big hill like knee".

References

Volcanoes of Australia
Mountains of Victoria (Australia)
Volcanic craters
Derrick Rose

Derrick Martell Rose Sr. (born October 4, 1988 in Chicago, Illinois) is an American basketball player. He currently plays for the Detroit Pistons. He plays at the position of  point guard. He attended college at University of Memphis where he played basketball with the Memphis Tigers. Rose was drafted out of college by the Chicago Bulls with the 1st overall pick in the 1st round of the 2008 NBA Draft.  Rose was named the 2011 NBA Most Valuable Player.  He is the youngest person to win an NBA MVP.

On October 9, 2012, Rose's girlfriend, Mieka Reese, gave birth to their son, Derrick Rose, Jr.

On June 22, 2016, Rose was traded to the New York Knicks. He signed with the Cleveland Cavaliers in the off season.

References

Other websites 

1988 births
Living people
African-American basketball players
Chicago Bulls players
Sportspeople from Chicago
New York Knicks players
American basketball players
Visual arts

The visual arts are art forms that create works which are primarily visual in nature. The visual arts (also known as the plastic arts) produce objects. They are contrasted with the performing arts.

Examples are ceramics, drawing, painting, sculpture, printmaking and poetry. Also, modern visual arts which use technology: photography, video, filmmaking and architecture. 

These definitions should not be taken too strictly as many artistic disciplines (performing arts, conceptual art, textile arts) involve aspects of the visual arts as well as arts of other types. Movies and performing arts, for example, make use of set and costume design, sometimes by prominent artists.

Also included within the visual arts are the applied arts such as industrial design, graphic design, fashion design, interior design and decorative art.

References 

Arts
Sammy Sosa

@theofficialsammysosa21  

Samuel Peralta "Sammy" Sosa (born November 12, 1968 in San Pedro de Macorís, Dominican Republic) is a retired Dominican baseball player. Sosa played for the Texas Rangers, Chicago White Sox, Chicago Cubs, Baltimore Orioles and the Texas Rangers during his career. 

Sosa has also run into some controversy for steroids which he denied taking.

He will become eligible for the Baseball Hall of Fame in 2013.

Other websites
Sammy Sosa's MLB profile

1968 births
Baltimore Orioles players
Chicago White Sox players
Chicago Cubs players
Dominican Republic sportspeople
Living people
National League All-Stars
Texas Rangers players
Teri Garr

Teri Garr (born December 11, 1944) is an American movie and television actress. Her movie debut was the 1963 movie A Swingin' Affair. Her career breakthrough was in 1974 with the movie Young Frankenstein. Garr has acted in many other movies. She has been acting on TV since the late 1960s. She appeared on Star Trek: The Original Series.  She has multiple sclerosis. Garr was born in Lakewood, Ohio.

In 1983 she was nominated for "Best Supporting Actress" in Tootsie.

Personal life
In October 2002, Garr said that she was battling multiple sclerosis.

References

Other websites

American movie actors
1944 births
Living people
American television actors
Actors from Ohio
People with multiple sclerosis‎
People from Lakewood, Ohio
Jamie Benn

Jamie Benn (born July 18, 1989 in Victoria, British Columbia) is a Canadian professional ice hockey left winger . He currently plays for the Dallas Stars of the National Hockey League (NHL). His older brother Jordie Benn also plays for the Dallas Stars.

Before playing in the NHL, Benn played 2 seasons with the Kelowna Rockets of the Western Hockey League (WHL). He won a gold medal with Canada at the 2009 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships when they defeated Sweden in the Finals. He also scored the game-winning goal in Canada's first game against Norway and the only goal in a 1-0 win against the United States in the semi-final game.

References

Other websites 

1989 births
American Hockey League players
Canadian ice hockey left wingers
Canadian Olympic gold medalists
Dallas Stars players
Ice hockey people from British Columbia
Kelowna Rockets players
Living people
Medalists at the 2014 Winter Olympics
People from Victoria, British Columbia
Hearing aid

A hearing aid is a small electrical machine which fits in or behind a person's ear. The purpose of a hearing aid is to make sounds louder so the person can hear spoken words and other sounds.

The two most common types of modern hearing aids are behind the ear aids and in the ear aids.

Before hearing aids were invented, people used "ear trumpets" also called ear horns.

Types of hearing aids 
There are many different types of hearing aids.  They are good for different users depending on lifestyle and how much help they need to hear.  An audiologist can help make hearing aids work even better for a user by customising them. 

In-The-Canal (ITC) - the smallest type of hearing aid, these are made to fit inside the ear canal and can be used by people with mild to moderate hearing loss
In-The-Ear (ITE) - these are slightly larger than the ITC aids and fit inside the outer ear instead of the canal.  These can be used by people with mild to severe hearing loss
Behind-The-Ear (BTE) - sit behind the ear and connect to a mould placed in your ear through a tube.  This type of aid is usually the largest but can be used by almost anyone with hearing loss and has many different functions

References

Other websites
 NIH   Information from the National Institutes of Health (NIH).
 Better Hearing Institute Non-profit website containing articles and information on hearing loss and hearing loss solutions.
 Hearing Loss Association of America Consumer-based self-advocacy group, information.
 Hearing Aid Blog  Hearing aids reviews and information.
 Consumer Hearing Aids Resource Information and resources on hearing aid manufacturers
 Hard of Hearing Advocates  Non-profit foundation dedicated to helping those with hearing loss
 American Academy of Audiology Find an Audiologist, and get more information on hearing loss.
 British Society of Hearing Aid Audiologists Find A Hearing Aid Dispenser in the UK.
 Irish Society of Hearing Aid Audiologists Find a Hearing Aid Dispenser in Ireland.
 Canadian Academy of Audiology Consumer information on hearing loss, professional resources.
 American Hearing Research Foundation The American Hearing Research Foundation which funds significant research in hearing and aims to help educate the public in the United States.
 Action On Hearing Loss (formerly RNID) Information and resources about hearing loss.

Medical equipment
Audio technology
Hearing
Shapiro delay

The Shapiro time delay is a physics experiment. It is one of the four classic solar system observations or experiments which test general relativity.  

Radar signals passing near a massive object take slightly longer to travel to a target and longer to return than it would if the mass of the object were not present.

History
The time delay effect was first noticed in 1964, by Irwin I. Shapiro.  Shapiro proposed an observational test of his prediction: bounce radar beams off the surface of Venus and Mercury, and measure the round trip travel time.  When the Earth, Sun, and Venus are most favorably aligned, Shapiro showed that the expected time delay, due to the presence of the Sun, of a radar signal traveling from the Earth to Venus and back, would be about 200 microseconds, well within the limitations of 1960s era technology.

The first tests, performed in 1966 and 1967 using the MIT Haystack radar antenna, were successful,  matching the predicted amount of time delay. The experiments have been repeated many times since then, with increasing accuracy.

References 

Physics
Experiments
Tony Amonte

Anthony Lewis Amonte (born August 2, 1970) is an American retired professional ice hockey right winger. He played a career total of 1174 regular season games and 99 playoff games in the National Hockey League (NHL). He played for the New York Rangers, Chicago Blackhawks, Phoenix Coyotes, Philadelphia Flyers, and the Calgary Flames. He currently works as the head coach of Thayer Academy Varsity Hockey Team.

Career
Before playing in the NHL, Amonte played 2 years of college hockey with the Boston University Terriers. He was drafted with the 68th overall pick by the New York Rangers in the 1988 NHL Draft. Amonte played in the NHL for five teams, New York Rangers from 1991 to 1994, Chicago Blackhawks from 1994 to 2002, Phoenix Coyotes from 2002 to 2003, Philadelphia Flyers from 2003 to 2004 and the Calgary Flames from 2005 to 2007.

Achievements and awards
He was named to the Hockey East Second All-Star Team in 1991.
He was named to the NCAA Championship All-Tournament Team in 1991.
He was named to the NHL All-Rookie Team in 1992.
He played in 5 NHL All-Star Games in 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000 and 2001.

Other websites

1970 births
American ice hockey players
American Olympic silver medalists
Calgary Flames players
Chicago Blackhawks players
New York Rangers players
Philadelphia Flyers players
Phoenix Coyotes players
Sportspeople from Massachusetts
Living people
Kristján Eldjárn

Kristján Eldjárn (December 6, 1916 – September 14, 1982) was the 3rd president of Iceland.  He was president from 1968 to 1980.

He won as the underdog in the 1968 presidential election, winning 65.6% of the vote on a 92.2% voter turnout running against Gunnar Thoroddsen.

His son is Þórarinn Eldjárn who is a popular author in Iceland and his daughter Sigrún Eldjárn is also an author.

1916 births
1982 deaths
Presidents of Iceland
Nellie Melba

Dame Nellie Melba GBE (born Helen Porter Mitchell; 19 May 186123 February 1931), was an Australian opera soprano. She became one of the most famous singers of the late Victorian Era and the early 20th century. Melba was the first Australian to become a world famous classical musician.

Melba was born in Richmond, Victoria. Her father was Scottish. She died of septicemia in Sydney.

Notes

Other websites

Australian singers
Disease-related deaths in New South Wales
Opera singers
1861 births
1931 deaths
Skeeter Davis

Mary Frances Penick (December 30, 1931–September 19, 2004) better known by her stage name, Skeeter Davis was an American country music singer.

Her best known song is her 1963 hit, The End of the World.

She released 30 studio albums during her musical career.

She died on September 19, 2004 because of breast cancer which she had been battling for years.

Other websites
Skeeter Davis at CMT.com

Country musicians
Singers from Kentucky
1931 births
2004 deaths
Barry Humphries

John Barry Humphries  (born 17 February 1934) is an Australian actor, artist, author, comedian, and satirist. His is probably best known for making up and playing the characters of Dame Edna Everage, a Melbourne housewife and "gigastar", and Sir Les Patterson, who is an really rude "Australian diplomat". He is also a movie producer and script writer, a star of London's West End musical theatre, an award-winning writer and a landscape painter. He has been on TV, in movie and on stage. He became popular in Australia in the 1950s, then Britain from the 1960s and finally in America in the 1990s. He has been called the most important comedian since Charlie Chaplin.

References

Other websites

1934 births
Living people
Actors from Melbourne
Australian comedians
Australian movie actors
Australian screenwriters
Australian television actors
Australian voice actors
Television writers
Writers from Victoria (Australia)
Laurence Olivier Award winners