cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Cassius Dio

Lucius Cassius Dio Cocceianus (, c. AD 150 – 235), known in English as Cassius Dio, Dio Cassius, or Dio  (Dione. lib) was a Roman consul. He was active as a historian writing in Greek.  Dio published a history of Rome in 80 volumes, beginning with the legendary arrival of Aeneas in Italy through the subsequent founding of Rome (753 BC), the formation of the Republic (509 BC), and the creation of the Empire (31 BC), up to AD 229; a period of about 1,400 years.  Of the 80 books, written over 22 years, many survive into the modern age intact or as fragments. Modern scholars still use them to get a detailed understanding of Ancient Roman history.

References 

Ancient Roman writers
Ancient Roman historians
Ancient Greek writers
Sharon Lawrence

Sharon Lawrence (born June 29, 1961) is an American actress who became notable when she starred in NYPD Blue. She also acted in other programs.

1961 births
Living people
American television actors
Actors from Charlotte, North Carolina
Lismore, New South Wales

Lismore is a town in northeastern New South Wales, Australia and is in the Aboriginal Bundjalung Nation. It is on the Bruxner Highway, and the state capital city of New South Wales, Sydney is  to the south by highway. The state capital city of Queensland is  north.

Southern Cross University is based in Lismore, so there are a lot of students from around the state and country. There are six high schools and three primary schools as well a school which has students from Kindergarten all the way through to Year 12.

References

Towns in New South Wales
1856 establishments in Australia
Michael Roark

Michael Sean Roark (born May 9, 1983) is an American actor and lawyer.

Filmography

Film
 Nightmares from the Mind of Poe (2006) - Richard
 Retrospective (2011) - Ronnie Meridian
 Party Girl (2011) - Party guest
 Psyche (2011) - Devlin
 Privileged (2011) - Bodyguard 2
 Dolphin Tale (2011) - Donovan Peck
 Thursday (2012) - Chase
 Magic Mike (2012) - Ryan
Bennett's War (2019) - Marshall Bennet
 Roped (2020) - Vince Lockwood

TV shows
 Drop Dead Diva (2010) - Joe Bray
 The Glades (2010) - Justin Brussard
 The Vampire Diaries (2010 ~ 2011) - Cowboy/Frank
 The Following (2012) - Detective Warren
 Magic City (2012) - Young Attorney
 '' Beauty and the Beast -Kyle Johnson

Other websites
 
 
 
 

Living people
1983 births
American stage actors
American movie actors
American television actors
Lawyers from Illinois
Actors from Illinois
Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-1

Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-1 is a Soviet fighter aircraft. It first entered into the Soviet Air Force in 1941.

Soviet military aircraft
World War II aircraft
Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-3

Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-3 is a Soviet fighter aircraft. It first entered into the Soviet Air Force in 1941.

Soviet military aircraft
Mary Ann Mobley

Mary Ann Mobley (February 17, 1939 – December 9, 2014) was an American television and movie actress. She appeared in the sitcoms Designing Women and Diff'rent Strokes, and in other television programs. She was Miss America 1959. She was married to actor Gary Collins until his death in 2012.

Mobley died at her home in Beverly Hills, California from breast cancer, aged 75.

References

Other websites
 Mary Ann Mobley Official Website 
 
 
 
 The Girl from U.N.C.L.E.

1939 births
2014 deaths
Deaths from breast cancer
American movie actors
American television actors
Actors from Mississippi
Miss America winners
People from Biloxi, Mississippi
Mikoyan-Gurevich DIS

Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG DIS is a Soviet fighter aircraft. Two prototypes were made and the program was cancelled.

Soviet military aircraft
World War II aircraft
Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-9

MiG-9 Fargo is a Soviet fighter aircraft. It first entered into the Soviet Air Force in 1946.

Soviet military aircraft
Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-23

MiG-23 Flogger is a Soviet interceptor-fighter aircraft. It first entered into the Soviet Air Force in 1970.

Soviet military aircraft
Mikoyan MiG-27

MiG-27 Flogger is a Soviet fighter aircraft. It first entered into the Soviet Air Force in 1975.

Soviet military aircraft
Mikoyan MiG-31

MiG-31 Foxhound is a Soviet/Russian interceptor aircraft. It first entered into the Soviet Air Force in 1982.

External Video
 Russian Interceptor aircraft 『MiG-31 (NATO reporting name: Foxhound)』Official Video
  - on RT Documentary Official YouTube Channel

Soviet military aircraft
Sukhoi Su-35

Sukhoi Su-35 is a Russian fighter aircraft. It first entered the Russian Air Force in 2010.

Military aircraft
Mule deer

The mule deer (Odocileus hemionus) is a species of deer. They are sometimes called black-tailed deer. They live in western North America. Their name was given to them because of their mule-like ears. There are many subspecies, including the black-tailed deer. Unlike the white-tailed deer, mule deer lives on land west of the Missouri River. They also live in the Rocky Mountains region of North America. Mule deer have been introduced to Argentina.

The mule deer's favorite food is new plants that grow in the spring.  They eat a large number of their yearly calories during spring feeding.  Because spring comes later in colder places, the mule deer move from warmer to colder places so they spend the most where there are spring plants to eat.  Scientists call this "green wave surfing." According to scientists from the University of Wyoming, by migrating, mule deer can eat spring plants for 120 days in a year with lots of rain and 60 days in a year with very little rain.  The deer are very good at figuring out where the spring growth will be and when it will be there, even when it is different from the last year.  The scientists also say that climate change is putting the deer in danger by causing more years with very little rain.

References

Other websites 

Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History species account-Mule Deer
Video of Arizona Mule Deer 

Deer
Deer, Mule
Haitian Creole

Haitian Creole is a type of Creole language spoken by about 13 million people, mostly Haitians and the Haitian diaspora. Most of its vocabulary is derived from French. This language is called Kreyòl Ayisien by those who speak it.

Origins 
The language started in Haiti by contact between the colonizers, who spoke French, and the black people they enslaved, who spoke African languages. The African influences in Haitian Creole can be noticed in the sound, syntax, and vocabulary.

In Haiti, the upper classes have often disrespected Haitian Creole even though they speak it, but the language has recently startex to become more accepted. There are more books in Haitian Creole, and it was finally acknowledged in Haiti's constitution in 1987.

References 

Languages of the Caribbean
Haiti
Pidgins and creoles
Mountain goat

The mountain goat (Oreamnos americanus) is a species of goats. They are also known as the Rocky Mountain goat. They live in North America. They are part of the genus Oreamnos, or 'true goats'. They like to live on high elevations. Mountain goats are great at climbing, and will rest on rocky cliffs. They do this so predators cannot get them.

The mountain goat wanders the mountains alone, and meets only to mate. It eats grasses, lichens, and leaves. It is 3–4 ft. at the shoulder (90-120 centimeters.) The mother mountain goat is called a nanny, and the male is called a billy, the baby is called a kid.

Their thick undercoat, and long white overcoat, protects them from blustery wind, and harsh weather that often occurs in their mountainous habitat. Both male and female have short, strong, legs that have large black hooves on the end. The billy had long slender horns that measure approximately 1 foot. The nannies have slightly longer horns. The female uses her horns to defend her young. She will often dominate the territory, and the male will leave her alone.

The female mountain goat, or nanny, becomes pregnant in November, the only month they are together, and gives birth to her kid six months, or half a year, later. The nanny will protect her young for a while and eventually the kid will leave his mother. He will most likely not know his father. They are alone for most of the year except for November which is the mating month.

References 

Raedeke, Kenneth J. "Mountain goat." World Book Advanced. World Book, 2012.Web. 20 Dec. 2012.

Other websites 

 A.W.F. Banfield (1974). The Mammals of Canada. University of Toronto Press. 
 D. Chadwick (1983). A Beast the Color of Winter – The Mountain Goat Observed. Sierra Club Books. San Francisco. 208 p.
 Loyal J. Johnson (1994) Alaska Department of Fish & Game
 US Forest Service – Mountain Goats

Mammals of North America
Bighorn sheep

The bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) is a species of sheep that lives in the western half of North America. They live in North America. Their name was given to them because of their large horns. Their horns can weigh up to 30 pounds (14 kg). However, the sheep themselves weigh up to 300 pounds (140 kg). 

Genetic testing showed that there are three subspecies of bighorn sheep:
Sierra Nevada bighorn (O. c. sierrae) (endangered)
Desert bighorn (O. c. nelsoni)
Rocky Mountain bighorn (O. c. canadensis)
Ovis canadensis auduboni (extinct)

Appearance
Adult male bighorn sheep can weigh 350 lbs (159 kg) and stand 40 inches (102 cm) tall at the shoulder.  Adult female sheep are as heavy as 250 lbs (113 kg).  They are grayish brown to dark brown in color with white faces and rear ends.  This makes them difficult to see when the ground is part snow and part grass.

Their hooves are rough on the bottom.  This allows the sheep to climb, walk, and jump in steep, rocky places.

All bighorn sheep have horns.  They stay on their heads their whole lives.  They do not fall off the way antlers do.  Male bighorn sheep have large, curved horns that curl around their faces.  Female bighorn sheep have shorter horns with sharp points.

Behavior

Bighorn sheep live in herds.  Male sheep live in herds with only other adult males.  These are called bachelor herds.  Female sheep live in herds with other adult females and lambs.  When male sheep are two years old, they leave their mother's herd and find a bachelor herd.

Bighorn sheep eat many kinds of plants.  They have four-part stomachs.  They feed on plants in lowlands and then go back to the rocks, where they can chew their cud and digest the food. Desert sheep can eat cacti.

When it is time for the sheep to mate, the adult male rams run toward each other and hit each other with their horns.  This makes a loud noise.  The rams' skulls are thick and strong.

Bighorn sheep live up to 14 years.

Predators

Golden eagles, mountain lions, bears, Canada lynxes, and coyotes eat bighorn sheep. Bighorns can also die when lungworm parasites give them pneumonia.

History

The bighorn sheep came from Siberia. They crossed to North America over the Bering land bridge. The population grew in the millions.

Native Americans used bighorn sheep for food and hides. It became part of the mythology of many gorups of Native Americans.

By 1900, the population got smaller to several thousands.Almost all the bighorn sheep in the Rocky Mountains died in the 1800s and early 1900s.  Hunters killed them for meat and horns.  Bighorn sheep caught diseases from ranch sheep. Many organizations, including the Boy Scouts of America, has helped increase the population.

References

Other websites 

U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Species Profile 
Greater Yellowstone Resource Guide - Bighorn Sheep
Desert Bighorn Sheep Facts  California Department of Fish and Game

Caprids
Mammals of North America
Dominican Spanish

Dominican Spanish is Spanish as it is spoken in the Dominican Republic and by the Dominican diaspora.

Roots of the language 
Dominican Spanish is based on Canarian and Andalucian dialects from south Spain but with some influences from West African languages. The indigenous Arawak language left very little influence on the language; the only influence they left were some words, mainly for foods and names.

African influence 
Examples of African-based syntax:
 Dominican Spanish: "Como tu ta?", Spanish: "¿Cómo estás tú?"
 Dominican Spanish: "Como tu te llama?", Spanish: "¿Cuál es su nombre?" or "¿Cómo se llama usted?"
 Dominican Spanish : "P'onde ta?" or "Onde ta", Spanish: "¿Por dónde está eso?" or "¿Por dónde estás?"

Words such as "mangu" (mashed plantains), "kamboumbo" (basket for clothes), "guineo" or "guinea" (banana), and many more. Note, most of these African words are either Igbo or Kikongo origins. The most dominant African languages that has had the most influence in the formation of the Dominican Spanish is the Igbo, Yoruba, Kongo, Twi, Fon, Ewe, Mandinga, Hausa, Wolof etc. With the syntax being based off the Yoruba language and Mande languages, the phonetics heavily influenced by the Kikongo, and the pronouciations of certain words containing some elements of the Mandingas and the Igbos. Most schollars, just as all of the West Indies have said that the Kikongo language influenced greatly the formation of the Dominican Spanish .

Vocabulary 
These are some examples of Dominican Spanish. <<Note>> some of these words or expressions/idioms are of African origin.

Chalina: corbata; Tie
Terina: vasija para lavarse las manos; handwashing vessel
Boto: sin filo; blunt
Mayimbe: el rey; king
Mata: yerba, árbol, planta de cualquier tipo; grass, tree, plant of any kind
Pela: golpes, paliza;  hitting, beating
Mai: madre; mother
Pai: Padre; Father
Soga: Cualquier tipo de cuerda; Any type of rope
Abarrotar: llenar, atestar; fill, cram
Bandazo: tumbo; lie
Chuma: Populazo, gentuza; Populazo, riffraff
Desamarrar: desatar;  loosen
Embicar: beber a pico de botella; drinking from the bottle
Garete: (al garete) sin control, sin orden; (to hell) without control, without a warrant
Singar: realizar el acto sexual; having sexual intercourse
Zafar: soltar; release or give up
Bembe: labios; lips
Cateyano: Castellano, Espanol; Castilian, Spanish
Kalunga: Dios; God
Matatan: el macho, el veradero hombre; the man
Kikonde: Esconde, to hide

Related languages 
Palenquero is a Spanish-African based Creole with Portuguese influences that is spoken in the Caribbean coast of Colombia.

The Eastern Cuban Spanish dialect is remarkably identical to the Dominican Spanish . Many Cubans consider the east part of Cuba as another Dominican Republic due to similar culture.

References

Spanish language
Dominican Republic
Julie Brown

Julie Ann Brown (born August 31, 1958) is a comedian and movie actress who often parodies other celebrities. Celebrities included (though not limited to) skater Nancy Kerrigan, singer Madonna and more in her comedy movies. She was especially popular between the mid 1980s until around the early 2000s.

Brown is known for her popular parody song "Homecoming Queen's Got a Gun".

References

Other websites
 
 

American movie actors
Comedians from Los Angeles
Actors from Los Angeles
1958 births
Living people
Bristol Airport

Bristol Airport , is in  Lulsgate Bottom in North Somerset. It is the commercial airport for the city of Bristol, England, and the area around it. It opened as Bristol (Lulsgate) Airport in 1955, from March 1997 to March 2010 it became known as Bristol International Airport. In 2003, the airport drew 45% of its passengers from the former county of Avon area, 13% from Devon, 10% from Somerset. It also has bases for Easyjet and Ryanair. In 2011, it was the ninth busiest airport in the United Kingdom, with 5,780,746 passengers, a 0.6 percent  rise compared with 2010.

In March 2010, the airport was given the name Bristol Airport.

The airport specialises in package trips to Spain and other Mediterranean destinations. It has no flights to the London airports, or Manchester Airport or Birmingham Airport. Its passengers come from Scotland, Ireland, and the North East of England. The airport does serve general aviation such as private and business planes.

References

Airports in England
Bristol
1955 establishments in Europe
1950s establishments in England
Forth

Forth (sometimes written FORTH) is a stack-based programming language best known for its use of Reverse Polish notation which greatly simplified the compiler as it required no precedence analysis component.

It was developed by Charles H. Moore in 1969.  Forth uses a two component system, an operating system to run the programs, and an editor to write them. Like most other high-level languages, FORTH can produce highly-efficient code.

Other websites
Forth Interest Group

Programming languages
Summer in the City

"Summer in the City" is a very popular song about summer. It was by The Lovin' Spoonful. Many other musicians have covered the song. It was released in 1966, at which time it hit #1 across the charts of Billboard Hot 100. The instrumental bridge of the song features car honking, starting with a Volkswagen Beetle horn and then ending with jackhammer sounds. These sounds were included to represent what summer in the city sounds like. The song was featured in several movies.

Pop songs
1966 songs
Cruel Summer

"Cruel Summer" is a popular song by Bananarama. It was released in 1984 in the United States. It charted higher around the United Kingdom after being released there one year before. The song is about sadness during the summer and wanting to be close to another person. Fourteen years after it came out, Ace of Base did an updated version of this classic.

Pop songs
1983 songs
Teddy Riley

Edward Theodore "Teddy" Riley (born October 8, 1967) is a Grammy Award winning, American singer-songwriter, musician, keyboardist, and record producer. He is credited with the creation of the New Jack Swing. The musicians with whom Riley has been connected include Michael Jackson, Keith Sweat, and Mike Posner.

Career
Riley started a band called Guy with Aaron Hall and Timmy Gatling in 1987. They have released three albums. In 1994 Riley started another band called Blackstreet. They have released four albums. Riley co-produced half of Michael Jackson's 1991 album Dangerous. It is the best-selling new jack swing album ever released.

References

Singers from New York City
Musicians from New York City
Grammy Award winners
1967 births
Living people
Emma Thomas

Emma Thomas is an English movie producer. She is known for producing movies like The Prestige, Batman Begins, The Dark Knight, Inception, and The Dark Knight Rises, in which all movies are directed by her husband Christopher Nolan. She also produced the 2013 movie Man of Steel.

Personal life
Born in London, England, she was educated at University College London where she meet her husband Christopher Nolan. Her career began in 1997 and has produced almost all of Nolan's films. Thomas married Nolan in 1997. They have four children. They currently live in London, England and Los Angeles, California.

Filmography
Producer
 Doodlebug (1997)
 Following (1998)
 Memento (2000)
 Insomnia (2002)
 Batman Begins (2005)
 The Prestige (2006)
 Batman: Gotham Knight (2008)
 The Dark Knight (2008)
 Inception (2010)
 The Dark Knight Rises (2012)
 Man of Steel (2013)

Other websites

 
 

People from London
English movie producers
Christopher Nolan
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Sade

Sade (Helen Folasade Adu, OBE, born 16 January 1959) is a British-Nigerian singer-songwriter who has many hit songs. Among them are No Ordinary Love, The Sweetest Taboo and Paradise, all of them getting high marks on United States music charts.

Sade was born  in Nigeria to an English mother and Nigerian father. She moved to Essex at age four. In 2002, Adu was awarded an OBE for services to music, and stated her award was "a great gesture to me and all black women in England".

References 

1959 births
Living people
British R&B musicians
British soul musicians
Nigerian musicians
Singers from Essex
Henry Cavill

Henry William Dalgliesh Cavill (born May 5, 1983) is an English movie, voice, and television actor. He is known for playing Superman in the DC Extended Universe, beginning in Man of Steel (2013).

Early life
He was born in Jersey to Marianne, housewife and bank secretary and Colin Cavill a stockbroker, Cavill is the fourth of five sons. His brothers are:Piers, Nik, Simon, and  Charlie.

Career 
He has appeared in the movies The Count of Monte Cristo, Stardust, and Immortals, and played the role of Charles Brandon, 1st Duke of Suffolk, on the Showtime series The Tudors, from 2007 until 2010. 

He played Superman in Zach Snyder's 2013 movie Man of Steel, Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice, Justice League and Zack Snyder's Justice League.

Personal life   
Cavill was born on May 5, 1983 in Jersey, Channel Islands. He was the fourth child out of 5 boys from his family. On 4 May 2011, he got engaged with his girlfriend, English horse rider Ellen Whitaker. On 18 August 2012 they separated. Cavill was also in relationship with actress and former mixed martial artist Gina Carano.

Filmography and television

 Laguna (2001)
 The Count of Monte Cristo (2002)
 The Inspector Lynley Mysteries (2002)
 Goodbye, Mr. Chips (2002)
 Midsomer Murders (2003)
 I Capture the Castle (2003)
 Hellraiser: Hellworld (2005)
 Tristan and Islode (2006)
 Red Riding Hood (2007)
 Stardust (2007)
 The Tudors (2007 – 2010)
 Blood Creek (2009)
 Whatever Works (2009)
 Immortals (2011)
 The Cold Light of Day (2012)
 Man of Steel (2013)
 Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice (2016)
 Justice League (2017)
 Zack Snyder's Justice League (2021)
 Mission: Impossible – Fallout (2021)

References

Other websites

 
 

1983 births
English movie actors
English television actors
English voice actors
English models
Living people
Jersey people
Michael Shannon

Michael Corbett Shannon (born August 7, 1974 in Lexington, Kentucky) is an American actor. He is a two-time Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor nominee for his roles in Revolutionary Road and Nocturnal Animals. He was a regular on the HBO series Boardwalk Empire, playing Agent Nelson Van Alden. Shannon played General Zod in Zack Snyder's 2013 movie Man of Steel and will play the role again in The Flash. He plays Colonel Richard Strickland in The Shape of Water. He also played Walt Thrombey in the crime comedy movie Knives Out.

Personal life
Shannon was born in Lexington, Kentucky on August 7, 1974 to Donald S. Shannon and to Geraldine Hine. He was raised in Chicago, Illinois. His career began in 1993 in the movie Groundhog Day.

Shannon married Kate Arrington in 2018. They have two daughters.

Some movies he was in

 Groundhog Day (1993)
 Jesus' Son (1999)
 Tigerland (2000)
 Vanilla Sky (2001)
 Bad Boys II (2003)
 Kangaroo Jack (2003)
 Dead Birds (2004)
 The Woodsman (2004)
 World Trade Center (2006)
 Bug (2006)
 Before the Devil Knows You're Dead (2007)
 My Son, My Son, What Have You Done (2009)
 The Runaways (2010)
 13 (2010)
 Jonah Hex (2010)
 Machine Gun Preacher (2011)
 Premium Rush (2012)
 The Iceman (2012)
 Mud (2012)
 Man of Steel (2013)
 The Young Ones (2014)
 Freeheld (2015)
 Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice (2016)
 Nocturnal Animals (2016)
 Elvis & Nixon (2016)
 The Shape of Water (2017)
 Knives Out (2019)
 The Flash'' (2022)

References

Other websites

 

1974 births
Living people
Actors from Kentucky
American child actors
American voice actors
American stage actors
American television actors
American movie actors
Actors from Chicago
Saturn Award winners
People from Lexington, Kentucky
24 Hours of Le Mans

The 24 Hours of Le Mans is the world's oldest active sports car race in endurance racing. The race happens each year near the town of Le Mans, France.  It was first run in 1923.

The cars must run for 24 hours without mechanical damage.  It is important to manage the cars' consumables, mostly fuel, tires and braking materials. The driver goes over two hours behind the wheel before stopping in the pits.  Then a relief driver takes over the driving duties. Drivers then eat and rest before returning to drive. Today it is a rule that three drivers share each car.

At the end of the 24 hours, the car which has driven the most laps of the track wins the race. Different types of cars race in different categories. Currently there are four different categories, with the fastest cars racing in the 'LMP1' category.

The race is held in June.  This can lead to very hot conditions for the drivers. The race begins in mid-afternoon.  The drivers race through the night and following morning.  They then finish at the same time the race started, the following day.

Tom Kristensen has won the race 8 times.  This is the most of any driver.  Porsche cars have won 16 times.  This is the most of any car manufacturer.

References

Sports events
Sport in France
1923 establishments in Europe
Motor sports
Le Mans
1920s establishments in France
Motocross

Motocross is a form of motorcycle racing. It is done on an off-road circuit. The sport came from motorcycle trials competitions held in the United Kingdom. Motocross is a physically demanding sport.  It is held in all weather conditions and is a high-octane sport.

There are many competitive events in motocross.

Protective gear 
Motocross can be dangerous and physically demanding. In order to protect themselves and ride safely, every rider wears gear designed to prevent injury to the body. These include:

Helmets 
Motocross helmets are specially designed to reduce multi-directional impact to the brain and skull. Modern day helmets have a hard outer shell, expanded polystyrene foam liner, inner foam padding and straps to keep it in place.

Goggles 
Goggles help protect the eye from dirt, rocks, dust and other loose particles when riding. This is particularly important since motocross is ridden on outdoor dirt tracks. Motocross goggles have foam liners which seals the eye area, anti-fog lenses and coloured lenses for different light conditions. Goggles also have clear plastic lens covers that can be torn off or rolled off during a race so the goggle remains clean and clear while riding.

Knee braces 
Knee braces have padding to protect the rider's knee joint. They can be made from different materials depending but have a solid outer frame with a hinge to adjust over your knees

Boots 
Motocross boots are different to regular motorcycle boots. They are designed to protect the rider's legs, feet and ankles from injury and are typically made from thick leather and plastic shielding. They also have plastic panelling, thick rubber soles, sturdy toe protectors and plastic supports. Motocross boots will sometimes feel tight and hard to walk in as they are meant to cover the ankle and feet like a cast for protection

References 

Motorcycling
Motor sports
Tour of Flanders

The Tour of Flanders is a Flanders Classics road cycling race.  It is held in Belgium every spring.  It is a week before the Paris–Roubaix road race. The Tour of Flanders is part of the UCI World Tour.  It is one of the monuments of the European professional calendar. It is the most important cycling race in Flanders. Its nickname is Vlaanderens mooiste which is Dutch for "Flanders' finest".

When the race began in 1913 the starting city was Ghent with the end of the race in Mariakerke.  It has changed twelve times since then.  In 2012 the race starts in Bruges and ends in Oudenaarde.

The race has a number of short, sharp hills.  The race gives prizes to the first cyclist to go up 17 of these hills.  These hills make the race very challenging.

"Looking back, you get a bit nostalgic, but from a competitive point of view, Flanders was one of the most horrible races to ride but one of the greatest races to win." - Sean Kelly

Victories per country

Records
 The fastest Tour of Flanders was in 2001. It was won by Italian Gianluca Bortolami: 43.6 km/h.
 Five men share the record for victories, with three each: Italian Fiorenzo Magni and four Belgians: Achiel Buysse, won three times in the 1940s, Eric Leman, won at the beginning of the 1970s, Johan Museeuw won the race in 1993, 1995 and 1998, Tom Boonen won in 2005, 2006 and 2012.
 The nation with most victories is Belgium (68).
 Only six riders have won two years in a row.
 The oldest winner was Andrei Tchmil in 2000 at 37 years 2 months and 11 days.

References

Other websites

 The Spring Classics: Cycling's Greatest One-Day Races 

1913 establishments in Europe
Cycling
Sport in Belgium
Flanders
20th-century establishments in Belgium
Annabeth Gish

Anne Elizabeth "Annabeth" Gish (March 13, 1971 near Albuquerque, New Mexico) is a television, movie and stage actress. She has acted in many movies, including Mystic Pizza (1988) and Beautiful Girls (1996). She was born near Albuquerque but was raised near Cedar Falls and Waterloo, Iowa.

References

Actors from Iowa
American movie actors
American stage actors
American television actors
Actors from Albuquerque, New Mexico
People from Cedar Falls, Iowa
People from Waterloo, Iowa
1971 births
Living people
Liège–Bastogne–Liège

Liège–Bastogne–Liège is one of the five 'Monuments' of the European professional road cycling calendar.  It is often called La Doyenne which means "the oldest". It is run in the Ardennes region of Belgium.  The race is from Liège to Bastogne and back to Liège.

Winners by nationality

Riders with more than one win 
Still active are in italic.

References

1892 establishments in Europe
Cycling
Sport in Belgium
Wallonia
Luxembourg (Belgium)
Liège (province)
Liège
19th-century establishments in Belgium
Mystic Pizza

Mystic Pizza is a 1988 American romantic comedy-drama movie. It stars Annabeth Gish and Julia Roberts. The movie is about teenage girls who work in a pizza parlor in Connecticut. The movie received very positive reviews and has become a cult classic.

References

Other websites 

1988 comedy-drama movies
1988 romance movies
1980s romantic comedy movies
1980s teen comedy movies
1980s teen drama movies
1980s teen romance movies
American comedy-drama movies
American romantic comedy movies
American romantic drama movies
English-language movies
Movies set in Connecticut
Dunkin' Donuts

Dunkin' Donuts, often abbreviated as DD and officially known as simply Dunkin', is an American franchise based in Canton, Massachusetts. 

The company started as a traditional donut shop, selling doughnuts and coffee. Later, they added flavored coffee and iced coffee. They also began to sell breakfast sandwiches: these contain egg, cheese, and pork (bacon, ham, or sausage), on bread (bagel, croissant, or English muffin). With the addition of breakfast sandwiches, Dunkin' Donuts has since become a popular spot for a quick breakfast. 

The franchise was established around 1950, in Quincy, Massachusetts. As of 2010, over ten thousand Dunkin' Donuts locations exist worldwide. Their largest market outside of the United States is in South Korea. Its name was changed to Dunkin' in 2019.

Sources

Notes

1950s establishments in Michigan
American food companies
Companies based in Massachusetts
Ichikawa Raizō VIII

Ichikawa Raizō (, 29 August 1931 - 17 July 1969), also called Ichikawa Raizō VIII (), was a Japanese movie actor, kabuki actor, and television actor.

Other websites

JMDb profile 

Japanese stage actors
Japanese television actors
Dancers
1931 births
1969 deaths
People from Kyoto Prefecture
Benbecula

Benbecula () is an island of the Outer Hebrides in the Atlantic Ocean off the west coast of Scotland. It forms part of the area administered by the Western Isles Council.

In the 2001 census it had a resident population of 1,249, with a sizable percentage of Roman Catholics. This is slightly unusual because the Highlands and Islands is generally the religious territory of the Wee Frees, the Free Church of Scotland and its various offshoots.

References 

Inner and Outer Hebrides
Free Church of Scotland

The Free Church of Scotland is the general name given to groups of worshippers who broke off from the official Church of Scotland. All these Scottish churches are Presbyterian, based on the ideas of John Knox, and do not have permanent leaders such as Popes or bishops. The breakaway groups, like the Church of Scotland itself, base their beliefs on the Bible, but differ in how it should be understood. As a general rule, all the Wee Frees read the Bible in a fairly literal way, more so than the Church of Scotland.

The main free churches are:
Free Church of Scotland (1843–1900) This was formed by a large group from the established Church of Scotland in 1843. Eventually, in 1900 most of them joined with the U.P. and rejoined the Church of Scotland.
Free Church of Scotland (since 1900; known as the Wee Frees)
Free Church of Scotland (Continuing) Founded in 2000, regards itself as the true continuation of the Free Church of Scotland.
United Free Church of Scotland (founded 1900 from the U.P. and the earlier Free Church of Scotland)
The United Presbyterian Church of Scotland (18471900; known as the U.P.) This included even earlier and smaller churches such as the United Secession Church and the Relief Church.
Free Presbyterian Church of Scotland (the Wee Wee Frees, 1893; have Elders)
Associated Presbyterian Churches (breakoff from the Wee Wee Frees in 1989)

Presbyterianism
Scotland
The English Patient (movie)

The English Patient is a 1996 British-American romantic drama movie based on the novel of the same name by Michael Ondaatje. It was written and directed by Anthony Minghella. It stars Joseph Fiennes, Kristin Scott Thomas, Juliette Binoche and Willem Dafoe. This melodrama won many Academy Awards, including Best Picture of the Year.

Other websites 

1996 romance movies
1996 drama movies
1990s romantic drama movies
1990s war movies
Academy Award winning movies
American romantic drama movies
American war movies
BAFTA Award winning movies
British romantic drama movies
British war movies
English-language movies
Golden Globe Award winning movies
Movies based on books
Movies set in the 1930s
Movies set in the 1940s
World War II movies
Movies set in deserts
Movies directed by Anthony Minghella
Husbands and Wives

Husbands and Wives is a 1992 comedy-romance movie. It stars Woody Allen (who also directed) and Mia Farrow. Its subjects are marriage and separation. It was released in the United States on September 18, 1992. It got mixed to positive reviews from audience and critics.

1992 romance movies
1992 comedy-drama movies
1990s romantic comedy movies
1990s romantic drama movies
English-language movies
American comedy-drama movies
American romantic comedy movies
American romantic drama movies
Movies directed by Woody Allen
When Harry Met Sally

When Harry Met Sally is a 1989 American romantic comedy movie. It was written by Nora Ephron and directed by Rob Reiner. It stars Billy Crystal as Harry and Meg Ryan as Sally. They are friends in Chicago who, from 1977 to 1989, become a couple. The movie is about relationship problems. It received positive reviews by movie critics and its revenue at the box office was high.

Other websites 

1989 romance movies
1989 comedy movies
1980s romantic comedy movies
American romantic comedy movies
English-language movies
Movies set in Chicago, Illinois
Movies shot in Chicago, Illinois
Movies set in the 1970s
Movies directed by Rob Reiner
Mo' Better Blues

Mo' Better Blues is a 1990 comedy-drama movie that was directed by and starring Spike Lee. The movie also has Wesley Snipes, Denzel Washington and Samuel L. Jackson starring. The movie relates to pianos, nightclubs and jazz.

American musical movies
American comedy-drama movies
1990s musical movies
1990 comedy-drama movies
Movies directed by Spike Lee
English-language movies
Belmopan

Belmopan is the capital city of Belize.  There are about 20,000 people living there.

Belmopan is at an altitude of 76 metres (250 ft) above sea level. Belmopan was built just to the east of the Belize River.  It is  inland from the former capital, the port of Belize City.  Belize City was nearly destroyed by Hurricane Hattie in 1961. The government was moved to Belmopan in 1970. Its National Assembly Building is made to look like a Pre-Columbian Maya temple.

The University of Belize has a campus in Belmopan.

References

Settlements in Belize
National capitals in North America
Cities in Central America
1970 establishments in North America
20th-century establishments in Belize
Corozal Town

Corozal Town is a town in the nation of Belize.  It is the capital of Corozal District. Corozal Town is about 84 miles north of Belize City, and 9 miles from the border with Mexico.  The population of Corozal Town, according to the 2010 census, is 9,871. Corozal was a private estate before becoming a town in the 1840s.  It was mostly settled by Mestizo refugees from the Caste War of Yucatán.  Much of the town was built over an ancient Maya city. This may have been the original Pre-Columbian town called Chetumal. Corozal Town was badly damaged by Hurricane Janet in 1955.  It was mostly rebuilt afterwards.      

Towns in Belize
1840s establishments in North America
Establishments in Belize
Orange Walk Town

Orange Walk Town is the second largest town in the nation of Belize.  It has a population of about 13,400. It is the capital of the Orange Walk District. Orange Walk Town is on the left bank of the New River.  It is 53 miles north of Belize City and 30 miles (50 km) south of Corozal Town.

In the days of the Mayas, the area was known as Holpatin.

Orange Walk Town is nicknamed "Sugar City". The local Tower Hill Sugar Factory (Belize Sugar Industries) handles all of the country's sugar cane output. The farming of other crops, and tourism, also play a role in the economy.

The region is highly populated by Mestizos, Kriols, Mennonites, Chinese, Taiwanese, Indians, and other people from Central America.

Towns in Belize
Erdzeichen

The Erdzeichen () is an artwork on the grounds of Munich Airport by the painter Wilhelm Holderied and the sculptor Karl Schlamminger. According to the artist, the earth sculpture at the airport is meant to be “An Island in Time,” i.e. a symbol of time sequences which are determined by the “primeval energy of the earth.” The ground-level artwork was completed in 1995. It stands in the tradition of archaic earth sculptures and modern works of Land Art, and also calls to mind Smithson’s famous “Spiral Jetty.”

The Earthsign stretches across an area measuring 270 meters by 170 meters. Its furrows are 3.40 meters deep. These furrows and the tall gravel embankments between them circle a central point, continue in a straight row, form a loop and then flow in irregularly undulating lines into the surrounding field, where they end at a straight line.

The artwork was collectively financed by circa 400 donors in a campaign entitled “Be Part of Art.” The aerial archeological photographer Klaus Leidorf has documented the earth sculpture and the changes which nature and the seasons have brought to it since 1994.

References
 Howard Fine [u.a.]: Eine Insel für die Zeit –   Ein Erdzeichen entsteht. Hirmer, München 1995, .
 Johannis von dem Borne [u.a]: In die Erde gezeichnet. Isensee, Oldenburg 2003, .
 Räto Weiler [u.a.]: Bewahrt eine Insel für die Zeit – Preserve an Island in Time. München 2011, .
 Howard Fine [u.a.]: Die Wurzeln, das Echo, die Ufer. Werkstattbuch. Hirmer, München 1989, .
 Howard Fine [u.a.]: Magnetische Ufer. Werkstattbuch. Hirmer, München 2000, .
 Gerd Holzheimer [u.a.]: Das Gewicht der Zeichen. 2004, .
 Wilhelm Holderied: „… Zeitfelder …“. Kronacher Kunstverein, Kronach 2008, .
 Wolfgang Schneider, Räto Weiler: Das stille Spiel der Schatten. 2010, .

Sculptures
Munich
1995 establishments in Europe
1990s establishments in Germany
All That

All That is an American live action sketch-comedy television series. It started on Nickelodeon on April 16, 1994. It ended after ten seasons on October 22, 2005. The show aired weekly. It had comedy sketches and musical guests. The theme song for All That was recorded by American trio TLC. At first, the show was taped at the now closed Nickelodeon Studios at Universal Orlando. They moved to Hollywood at the Nickelodeon On Sunset theater. There have been three spin-offs of the show: The Amanda Show, Kenan & Kel, and Drake & Josh, which also were filmed at Nickelodeon On Sunset.

The first episode aired on April 16, 1994, as a "sneak peek". It became a regular series starting on December 24, 1994. It was broadcast worldwide including, the United Kingdom, Australia, India, Japan, Malaysia, Spain, and Canada. There were ten complete seasons of All That before it was canceled in 2005. The last episode aired on October 22, 2005. The show started out in the SNICK block until 2004. However, the network changed its time slot into TEENick. Some cast members hosted SNICK as the "On Air Dare", only during commercial breaks.

Episodes

Awards and nominations

References

Other websites 

1990s American television series
2000s American television series
American children's television series
English-language television programs
Very important person

A very important person (VIP) is a person who is given special privileges due to the status or importance of the person. The term "VIP" (usually pronounced V-I-P) is often used as an abbreviation for very important person. Such a person might be a celebrity, a head of state, a politician, a rich person, or any other person who receives special service for any reason.

The term V.I.P. appeared before World War Two, starting in the Russian emigration.  It abbreviated the Russian phrase “ves'ma imenitaya persona” which described someone accorded special privileges due to social status or importance.

Notes 

Acronyms
The Bodyguard

The Bodyguard is a 1992 American musical romantic drama movie starring Whitney Houston and Kevin Costner. 

Although the movie got mixed reviews from movie critics, it did very well at the box office and it became a cult movie.

Plot 
Houston stars as Rachel Marron, a very successful and popular singer who is the target of an assassin. Costner stars as her bodyguard, who she hired so that he protects her from the assassin. A romantic relationship develops between the two characters.

References

Other websites
 

1992 romance movies
1992 drama movies
1990s romantic drama movies
1990s musical movies
American romantic drama movies
American musical movies
English-language movies
Movies about interracial romance
Movies set in Los Angeles
Whitney Houston
North Uist

North Uist () is an island and community in the Outer Hebrides of Scotland.

North Uist is the tenth largest Scottish island, and the thirteenth largest island surrounding Great Britain. It has an area of , slightly smaller than South Uist. North Uist is connected by causeways to Benbecula via Grimsay, to Berneray, and to Baleshare.

With the exception of the south east, the island is very flat, and covered with a patchwork of peat bogs, low hills and lochs, with more than half the land being covered by water. Some of the lochs contain a mixture of fresh and tidal salt water, giving rise to some complex and unusual habitats.

Loch Sgadabhagh is the largest loch by area on North Uist but Loch Obisary has about twice the volume of water.  The northern part of the island is part of the South Lewis, Harris and North Uist National Scenic Area, one of 40 in Scotland.

References 

Inner and Outer Hebrides
Faraday's law of induction

Faraday's law of induction is a law of physics proposed by English physicist Michael Faraday in 1831. It is one of the basic laws of electromagnetism. The law explains why generators, transformers and electrical motors work.

Faraday's law of induction says that when a magnetic field changes, it causes a voltage, a difference in the electric potential that can make electric currents flow. That phenomenon was also found by Joseph Henry in 1831. 

Imagine we have a closed loop of wire. To figure out how much current will be "induced" (i.e. produced by the magnetic field), we need to define the magnetic flux, a number describing how much of the magnetic field is actually going through the loop. Magnetic fields are vector fields, so they have both a strength and a direction. This leads to the following surface integral:

where

ΦB is the magnetic flux
is the (possibly moving) surface whose boundary is the wire loop
B is the magnetic field
dA is a small part of the surface.
 
That is, we could imagine filling in the wire loop with a thin surface, like a soap film. This formula tells us to look at every point on that surface, measure how much the magnetic field is pointing straight through the loop at that point, and add up all those measurements to get a single number. That number is the magnetic flux. When the flux changes, it produces electromotive force. The flux changes when B changes or when the wire loop is moved or bent, or when both happen. The electromotive force can then be calculated with the following equation:

 is the electromotive force
N is the number of loops the wire makes
ΦB is the magnetic flux of one loop
- is representative of Lenz's law and indicates direction of the electromotive force

This equation says that how much current is induced in the wire loop depends directly on how fast the magnetic flux is changing in time, whether due to the loop moving or the magnetic field changing.

References

Relating pages 
Lenz's law

Electromagnetism
Laws of physics

de:Elektromagnetische Induktion#Induktionsgesetz in Integralform
Paul Langevin

Paul Langevin (23 January 1872 – 19 December 1946) was a French physicist who was active at the beginning of the 20th century.

He invented sonar and worked with Albert Einstein.

1872 births
1946 deaths
French physicists
French inventors
Gene Siskel

Eugene Kal "Gene" Siskel (January 26, 1946  February 20, 1999) was an American movie critic and journalist for the Chicago Tribune. Along with his friend Roger Ebert, with Ebert they hosted a popular review show Siskel & Ebert At the Movies from 1975 until his death in 1999.

Siskel was born in Chicago, Illinois and was educated at Yale University. Siskel was married to Marlene Iglitzen in 1980 until his death, they had 3 children; Kate, Calie, and Will. Siskel died from complications from surgery to remove a brain tumor in Evanston, Illinois, aged 53. He is buried at Westlawn Cemetery in Norridge, Illinois.

References

Other websites

 

1946 births
1999 deaths
Burials at Westlawn Cemetery
American historians
American journalists
Cancer deaths in the United States
Deaths from brain cancer
Deaths from surgical complications
Jewish American writers
Movie critics from Chicago
Television personalities from Chicago
Writers from Chicago
List of cities in Indiana

The following is the list of cities in Indiana. Cities marked with an asterisk (*) have a population of at least 35,000 and up to 600,000.

References

Indiana
Big Bend (Florida)

The Big Bend of Florida, U.S.A., is an informal region of the state.  There are not official boundaries.

Counties that may be included

Geography of Florida
Dallas, Georgia

Dallas is the county seat of Paulding County, Georgia, United States.  As of the 2010 census, the city had a population of 11,544. It was named for George M. Dallas, Vice President of the United States of America under James K. Polk.

Notable residents

Cecil Butler, professional baseball player
Jayne County, punk rock star
Christopher Dudley, Keyboardist of UnderOATH
Spencer Scott, Playboy Playmate October 2007
Ray Traylor (May 2, 1963 – September 22, 2004), American professional wrestler. He was best known for his appearances with World Wrestling Entertainment under the ring name Big Boss Man (sometimes spelled Big Bossman).
Zack Wheeler, pitcher, #6 overall pick in the 2009 Major League Baseball Draft for the New York Mets
Brandy Blair, Penthouse pet and pornstar
Travis Tritt, Country Music Star

References

Cities in Georgia (U.S. state)
County seats in Georgia
Santa Venera

Santa Venera is a town in Malta.  In 2013 the population was about 6,941. This town is in the Outer Harbour Region of Malta. The oldest buildings in Santa Venera are Wignacourt Aqueduct and Casa Leoni.  Both of these buildings were built by the Knights of St. John.

The football team of St. Venera is the St. Venera Lightnings.  They use the colours of the town: yellow and blue.

Towns in Malta