cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Internet Watch Foundation

The Internet Watch Foundation (IWF) is an organisation in the United Kingdom that gets reports from people and acts on those reports. They help remove things that could be illegal content on the Internet.

Notes

Other websites

 Internet Watch Foundation

Internet-related organizations
Law enforcement in the United Kingdom
Organisations based in England
Shakargarh

Shakargarh is a city in the north-east of Pakistan in Narowal District of Punjab province. It is the headquarters of Shakargarh Tehsil. The city is at 32°16'0N 75°10'0E and is on the west bank of the Ravi River.

History 
In old times Shakargarh was used as a route for the Mughals to enter Gurdaspur and going to Delhi. During British rule (before the independence of Pakistan), Shakargarh became the capital of Shakargarh Tehsil.

In 1947 when the British were leaving, they divided British India between Pakistan and the modern republic of India. The border between the two countries was known as the Radcliffe Line (this was named after Cyril John Radcliffe who drew the borders). The line divided Shakargarh from the rest of Gurdaspur district (which then became part of India). Shakargarh then became part of Sialkot District, however when Narowal District was created in 1991, Shakargarh became part of that district.

References 

Cities in Pakistan
X-Forwarded-For

The X-Forwarded-For (XFF) HTTP header is a standard for finding the IP address of a client connecting to a web server through an HTTP proxy or load balancer comes from. 

Internet
BT Group

British Telecommunications Group plc which trades as BT, (sometimes known as British Telecom and still occasionally referred to by that name) is the privatised  UK state telecommunications operator.

BT Group is the largest communications service provider in the United Kingdom.

1981 establishments in the United Kingdom
Companies listed on the London Stock Exchange
Internet service providers
London
Virgin Media

Virgin Media Inc. (formerly known as ntl:Telewest, after a merger of NTL Incorporated with Telewest Global, Inc.), became in 2006 the first "quadruple-play" media company in the United Kingdom, bringing together a service consisting of television, Internet, mobile phone and fixed-line telephone services.

Internet service providers
Virgin Group
Companies based in New York City
Be Unlimited

Be Unlimited, or simply "Be", is a growing UK Internet service provider. Be Unlimited and Be are trading names of Be Un Limited.

References 

Internet service providers
2004 establishments in the United Kingdom
Demon Internet

Demon Internet is a British Internet Service Provider ("ISP") founded in 1992. It was one of the earliest ISPs, targeting the "dial-up" audience. The company was started on June 1st, 1992, from an idea posted on CIX by Cliff Stanford of Demon Systems Ltd.

Currently, Demon Internet is operating as a brand of Vodafone.

References 

Internet service providers
List of General Secretaries of the Soviet Union

General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union was the top position in the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. As the leader of the only legal political party, the General Secretary served as both the head of government and head of state, although the actual head of government was the Premier. Before Stalin turned the position of General Secretary into the most powerful in the Soviet Union, the Premier was the leader of the country. Lenin led the nation as Premier.

The office was called First Secretary from 1953–1966.

List of General Secretaries

Politics of the Soviet Union
Lists of heads of state
1922 establishments in the Soviet Union
1991 disestablishments in the Soviet Union
Bachelor

A bachelor is a man who has not been married and is not cohabiting. He lives on his own or with a flatmate/housemate. A woman in this situation is sometimes known as a bachelorette. A bachelor cannot have been married, as a man who married but then divorced is called a divorcé. A man whose wife is dead is a widower.

Sometimes, when a bachelor is going to be married, a bachelor party is organized to celebrate the last day that the person will be a bachelor for. 

Marriage

es:Soltero
Nativity scene

A nativity scene is a three-dimensional depiction of the Nativity of Jesus. It is also called a crib, manger or crèche. Typically, a large scale scene includes: the Holy Family, the angels, the Magi, the ox and the donkey, and an assortment of shepherds, villagers, servants and others.

There are two types of scenes: static representations of figures made of clay or other material and living scenes. Static scenes are often displayed on a table top in the home. In living scenes, humans and animals portray the characters in the scene.  

St. Francis of Assisi is said to have created the first nativity scene in 1223 (a "living" one) near Greccio, Italy. It was a "hit". The scene's popularity inspired communities throughout Catholic countries to stage similar scenes.

In the modern world, nativity scenes have provoked controversy. Animals are said to be abused in living scenes and objections have been placed against static scenes displayed on public lands. In addition, outdoor scenes are often the target of vandals. Theft or destruction of outdoor figures is not uncommon.

References

Other websites 

Roman presepi
The message of the child — Original Nativity scenes made with natural stones
The Neapolitan Crib (Presepe)
International crèche school - History of Nativities and instructions for building them 
 Nativiti scene - Florece,FaQ - Video details 

Christmas
Depictions of Mary (mother of Jesus)
Underwater diving

Underwater diving is going underwater to do things. There are different reasons to do this:
Recreational diving is done for fun. It is sometimes called sport diving. It can be done using air from cylinders carried by the diver. This is called scuba diving. It can also be done for shorter dives by holding your breath. This is called freediving or skindiving.
Military diving is diving for a military purpose.
Commercial diving is diving to do underwater work. This is done as part of a project where the work must be done under water.
Scientific diving is diving done to find things out for scientific purposes. It may be part of the job for a scientist, or done by volunteer for a citizen science project.
Public safety diving is diving done by a public service organisation like the police of a fire department to rescue people or to find and bring back bodies or evidence.

There are also different ways to dive:
Surface supplied diving gets air for breathing through a hose from a pump above the surface of the water.
Scuba diving is done with metal cylinders carried by the diver to hold the breathing air. In open-circuit scuba the air comes out of the mouthpiece when the diver breathes in, and goes into the water when the diver breathes out. When a rebreather is used, some of the same air is breathed many times, and the machine puts oxygen into the air to make up for the oxygen that is used up, and takes out the carbon dioxide by using a chemical to absorb it. A rebreather lets the diver use less air, but it can go wrong in more different ways.
Saturation diving is diving where the divers stay in pressurised rooms between dives and go to the underwater workplace and return in a sealed diving bell, so they stay at the same pressure for days or weeks at a time before the pressure is reduced to normal air pressure when they finish the contract. The breathing gas is supplied from the surface through a hose so this is also a kind of surface supplied diving.
Freediving is diving underwater without an air supply. The diver must hold their breath until they get back to the surface.

Diving
Submandibular gland

The submandibular glands are salivary glands. They are under the bottom part of the mouth.

References 

Mouth
Glands
Military diving

Military diving is underwater diving done by members of armed forces for military purposes.

Any method of diving may be used. It is the military purpose that makes it military diving.

Military diving for offensive purposes is usually done using rebreathers as they do not make much bubbles which can be seen by the enemy. These divers may be called frogmen or combat divers.

Othe military divers do work to remove obstructions and explosive devices like mines. They are called clearance divers. 

Military divers may also do inspections and repair work on the bottoms of ships, and underwater work in support of military engineering operations.

Military
Dagens Næringsliv

Dagens Næringsliv is one of Norway's main newspapers. It was founded in 1889.

Dagens Næringsliv is owned by media conglomerate Norges Handels og Sjøfartstidende (NHST Media Group).

History

The newspaper was first named Norges Sjøfartstidende.

On 5 September 2013, the newspaper said that it is one of 17 international partners cooperating with Wikileaks about the Spy Files 3 project that spotlights the international surveillance industry. 

In July 2015, one former journalist said that he had done plagiarism, in several articles he wrote for the newspaper, said the website of the trade union, Norsk Journalistlag.

References

Other websites
 Official site

Newspapers
Companies of Norway
1889 establishments in Europe
19th-century establishments in Norway
FSK

FSK (Forsvarets spesialkommando) is the name of the special forces of Norway's Ministry of Defence.  They were established in 1981.

Special Forces
Norway
1981 establishments in Europe
1980s establishments in Norway
Piping and instrumentation diagram

A piping and instrument diagram (P&ID) is a simplified illustration or diagram of a process. It shows the required functional equipment and instrumentation to make the process work. Typically, this document is the basis of design for plant engineering.

Engineering
Zifeng Tower

Nanjing Greenland Financial Center or Greenland Square Zifeng Tower is a skyscraper in Nanjing, China. It is 459 meters (1476 feet) tall and has 89 floors. It was built in 2009 and is one of the tallest buildings in the world

Related pages
 List of tallest buildings in the world

Other websites 
 Emporis.com - Nanjing Greenland Financial Center
SkycraperPage.com – Nanjing Greenland Financial Complex

Skyscrapers in China
Buildings and structures in Nanjing
Modular arithmetic

Modular arithmetic, sometimes also called clock arithmetic, is a way of doing arithmetic with integers. Much like hours on a clock, which repeat every twelve hours, once the numbers reach a certain value, called the modulus, they go back to zero.

In general, given a modulus , we can do addition, subtraction and multiplication on the set  in a way that "wrap around" . This set is sometimes represented by the symbol , and called the set of integers modulo .

People talked about modular arithmetic in many ancient cultures. For instance, the Chinese remainder theorem is many centuries old. The modern notation and exact definition of modular arithmetic were first described by Carl Friedrich Gauss.

Congruence
Modular arithmetic can be used to show the idea of congruence. In general, given a positive integer n, two integers a and b are congruent modulo n, if they have the same remainder when both are divided by n. Congruence can be written this way:

The number n is called the modulus. Another definition of congruence, that means the same thing but is sometimes more useful, is that the two integers are congruent modulo n if the difference (a - b) is an integer multiple of n. That is, if n is a factor of (a - b), then a and b are congruent mod n.

For example:

The remainder when 32 is divided by 7 is 4, and the remainder when 11 is divided by 7 is also 4. This tells us that they are congruent—when the modulus is 7.

We can use this example with the other definition too. The difference, (a - b), is 32 - 11 = 21. This shows the two numbers are congruent, because 21 = 3 × 7 and 7 is a factor of 21.

Uses
Modular arithmetic is useful in many fields, and its applications include RSA algorithm in cryptography, primality testing in computer science, and 12-tone arithmetic in music. It is often used in calculating checksums and check digits.

Related pages 
 Modulo operation
 Primitive root modulo n

References

Arithmetics
Live – Friday the 13th

Live – Friday the 13th is a live album released on Sept. 20th, 2005. The album was released as a live CD/DVD album featuring all 12 original songs from Pop band Maroon 5's hit debut called Songs About Jane. This album has been released with the Copy Control protection system in some regions. The CD has the length of 77:58.

Performance
Maroon 5 performed in Santa Barbara, California on Friday, May 13th of 2005.

Songs
The songs from the hit debut album by Maroon 5 called Songs About Jane were all featured performed live on this album. Two songs are performed called Hello by band Oasis (cover), and Ain't No Sunshine (cover).

Track listing
"Shiver" – 4:49
"Through with You" – 3:19
"Tangled" – 3:37
"Harder to Breathe" – 2:59
"The Sun" – 7:52
"Wasted Years" – 5:23
"Secret" / "Ain't No Sunshine" – 7:11
"Not Coming Home" – 4:28
"This Love" – 5:14
"Must Get Out" – 4:08
"Sunday Morning" – 6:37
"Sweetest Goodbye" – 9:38
"Hello" (Oasis cover) – 3:52
"She Will Be Loved" – 8:51

Live CD
2005 albums
Maroon 5 albums
Tropicana Field

Tropicana Field is a domed baseball stadium that serves as the home field for the Tampa Bay Rays since 1998. The stadium was opened in 1990 in hopes of snatching a team away from another city. Two teams almost moved to Tampa to call Tropicana Field home; they were the Chicago White Sox and the San Francisco Giants. They stadium also served as the former home for the NHL team, Tampa Bay Lightning and the former home for the AFL's Tampa Bay Storm. Current Rays manager, Joe Maddon, has nicknamed the stadium "The Pit". While the fans nicknamed it "The Trop". The former name of the stadium was the Florida Suncoast Dome. It has also been called the Thunderdome.

Other websites 

Ballpark Digest review of Tropicana Field 
Official website of Tropicana Field 

 

Tampa Bay Rays
Sports buildings in Florida
St. Petersburg, Florida
1990 establishments in the United States
1990s establishments in Florida
Jin Mao Tower

Jin Mao Tower is a skyscraper in Shanghai, China.  It is  tall. It has 88 floors.  It was built between 1994 and 1999 and is one of the tallest buildings in the world.

Photo gallery

Relates pages 
 List of tallest buildings in the world

References
Jin Mao Tower at emporis.com

Other websites 

 Emporis.com - Jin Mao Tower
 SkycraperPage.com – Jin Mao Tower

Skyscrapers in China
Buildings and structures in Shanghai
Two International Finance Centre

Two International Finance Centre (abbr. 2 IFC, branded as "ifc") is a skyscraper in Hong Kong.  It is 415 meters (1362 feet) tall and has 88 floors.  It was built in 2003 and is one of the tallest buildings in the world

Photo Gallery

Related pages
 List of tallest buildings in the world

References

Other websites 

 Emporis.com - Two International Finance Centre
 SkycraperPage.com – Two International Finance Centre

Skyscrapers in China
Buildings and structures in Hong Kong
Gentoo penguin

The gentoo penguin (Pygoscelis papua) is a species of penguin easily recognized by the white stripe across its head. They are the largest penguins of the stiff-tailed family, which also makes them the largest penguin except the two giant penguins, the emperor penguin and the king penguin.

Appearance 
The gentoo penguin is, on average, 5 kilograms in weight and 80 centimeters in height, but can range from 8.5 kg to 4.5 kg and 51 to 91 cm. They have very large male reproductive organs, and are also the fastest at swimming underwater among the penguins, reaching speeds of 36 kilometers per hour.

Life 
Gentoo penguins generally live on Antarctic islands, with their largest colony on the Falkland Islands. There are approximately 320,000 breeding pairs of gentoo penguins.

These penguins nest on the ground, making nests of stones, sticks, grass, feathers, and various other materials. They usually lay two eggs by mid-October, which hatch in about 34 days, and put equal care into caring for either chick. Young chicks remain in the nest for 3 to 4 weeks until their second down feathers grow in, during which their parents hunt for food in order to feed them. Afterward, they leave the nest but remain in the colony in groups of chicks, called creches that free their parents to hunt for food for them.

Gentoo penguin pairs often stay together for a long period of time.

Gentoo penguins usually eat crustaceans, such as krill, but genrally eat what is easiest to get. At sea, they may be under attack from sea lions, leopard seals, and orcas. While on land they have no natural predators, but skua, gulls, and other birds of prey have been known to attack and eat young chicks and eggs.

Other websites 

 Gentoo penguins from the International Penguin Conservation Web Site
 www.pinguins.info : information about all species of penguins
 Gentoo Penguin images
 Gentoo penguin webcam from the Antarctic – worldwide first webcam with wild penguins; photo quality

References 

Penguins
Animals of Antarctica
Flag of Florida

The Flag of Florida is a white flag with the Seal of Florida centered on it. Behind the Seal, it has a red saltire, which resembles the Spanish Cross of Burgundy flag used in Florida since the early 1500s. The current flag was adopted in 1900, however the State Seal in the center of the flag was updated in 1985 to reflect the proper historical dress of a Seminole maiden, in the previous seal she was dressed in buckskin with a feathered headband.

Florida
Florida
Flag of Libya

The Flag of Libya has three horizontal stripes of red, black, and green, with a white crescent and star in the center of the black stripe.  It has been the official flag of Libya since 3 August 2011.

Overview 
The flag is the same as the flag of the earlier Kingdom of Libya, used from 1951 to 1969.  During the dictatorship of Muammar al-Gaddafi the flag was changed twice and it was just a plain field of green. It was unique for being the only national flag in the world with just one color and no design, emblems, coat of arms, or any other details. It was adopted on 11 November 1977.

Related pages
Flag of Libya (1977–2011)

References 

Libya
Libya
1951 establishments
1969 disestablishments
2011 establishments
Chambar

Chambar, or Chamber, is a town of Tando Allahyar District in the Sindh province of Pakistan. It is the capital Chamber Taluka (a subdivision of the district). The town itself is subdivided into two Union Councils.

References

Settlements in Sindh
Tando Allahyar District
New York Film Critics Circle Awards

New York Film Critics Circle Awards are awards given every year for excellence in cinema worldwide. They are given by an organization of movie critics from New York City-based publications. It is considered one of the most important movie critics awards in North America.

Other websites 
 New York Film Critics Circle Awards Official Website

Movie awards
Organizations in New York City
Duncan II of Scotland

Donnchad mac Maíl Coluim (Modern Gaelic: Donnchadh mac Mhaoil Chaluim) renamed as Duncan II (before c. 1060 – 12 November 1094) was king of Scots. He was son of Malcolm III (Máel Coluim mac Donnchada) and his first wife Ingibiorg Finnsdottir, widow of Thorfinn Sigurdsson.

References

Kings and Queens of Scotland
11th-century births
1094 deaths
Messolonghi

Messolonghi is a Greek city. It is the capital of the Aitoloakarnania prefecture. It is build on the bank of a lagoon. Its population is 14,209 inhabitants. Messolonghi is known because of the Greek War of Independence. During that time the siege of Messolonghi took place. During the siege the residents of Messolonghi fought with the Turks and the majority of them were killed there. During the siege of Messolonghi Lord Byron died, in 1824.

Cities in Greece
Kalamata

Kalamata is a Greek city. It is in the southwest of the Peloponnese peninsula. 54,065 people live there. Kalamata it is built at the foot of Taygetos mountain. It is also a coastal city and it has a big beach, in front of the city.

History 
Kalamata became the first city which was liberated in the Greek War of Independence in 1821. Kalamata was liberated on 21 March 1821. Kalamata is also known because of the big earthquake in 1986. At that time, Kalamata had a lot of disasters. 

Cities in Greece
Matt Joyce

Matthew R. Joyce (born August 3, 1984) is an outfielder for the Oakland Athletics. He has also played for the Detroit Tigers, Tampa Bay Rays, Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim, and Pittsburgh Pirates.

In 2011, Joyce was picked to play in the Major League Baseball All-Star Game.

References

Other websites

1984 births
Living people
American baseball players
Detroit Tigers players
Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim players
Oakland Athletics players
Pittsburgh Pirates players
Tampa Bay Rays players
Sportspeople from Tampa, Florida
CITIC Plaza

CITIC Plaza is a skyscraper in Guangzhou, China.  It is 391 meters (1283 feet) tall and has 80 floors.  It was built in 1997 and is one of the tallest buildings in the world.

Related pages
 List of tallest buildings in the world

Other websites
 Emporis.com – CITIC Plaza
SkycraperPage.com – CITIC Plaza

Skyscrapers in China
Guangzhou
Shun Hing Square

Shun Hing Square is a skyscraper in Shenzhen, China.  It is 384 meters (1260 feet) tall and has 69 floors.  It was built in 1996 and is one of the tallest buildings in the world.

Related pages
 List of tallest buildings in the world

Other websites
 Emporis.com - Shun Hing Square
 SkycraperPage.com – Shun Hing Square

Skyscrapers in China
Guangdong
Chase Tower (Indianapolis)

Salesforce Tower is a skyscraper in Indianapolis, Indiana, United States.  It is 247 meters (811 feet) tall and has 49 floors and is one of the tallest buildings in the world.  It was built in 1990 and was named Bank One Tower.  In 2004 its name was changed to Chase Tower because Chase Bank bought Bank One Corporation. In 2017 its name was changed again, to Salesforce Tower because Salesforce bought the naming rights.

Related pages
 List of tallest buildings in the world

References

Other websites
 Chase Tower Website 
 Emporis.com - Chase Tower
 SkycraperPage.com – Chase Tower

Skyscrapers in the United States
Buildings and structures in Indiana
Indianapolis, Indiana
1990 establishments in the United States
20th-century establishments in Indiana
Harald V of Norway

Harald V (born 21 February 1937) is the King of Norway. His father was Olav V of Norway. He became king in 1991. Harald was born in Skaugum, Akershus, Norway.

In 1968, he married Sonja Haraldsen. They had two children: Princess Märtha Louise and Prince Haakon.

References

1937 births
Living people
Kings and Queens of Norway
Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
Knights Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order
Recipients of the Decoration for Services to the Republic of Austria
Current national leaders
Gray whale

The gray whale (Eschrichtius robustus) is a baleen whale (a filter feeder) that has a layer of blubber up to 10 inches (25 cm) thick. Because a mother gray whale would defend her calf so fiercely it would actually attack whalers and overturn their boats, whalers often called the gray whale a devilfish. 

The gray whale migrates from cold waters to the tropics each year in pods. Gray whales are very agile swimmers. They can dive for up to 30 minutes and go 500 feet (155 m) deep. Gray whales make grunts, clicks, and whistling sounds which may be used to communicate with other gray whales.

Diet 
This giant cetacean eats small fish, crustaceans, squid, and other tiny organisms that it finds on the sea floor. It sieves its food through its comb-like plates of baleen.

Description 
Compared to most baleen whales, gray whales are rather small, growing to be only about 45 feet long. They are easy to see with their gray mottled color, which is actually more charcoal black than it is gray. Gray whales have barnacles and lice on their skin. 

Whales prefer one fin over the other, just like humans are right-handed or left-handed. It is possible to see whether a gray whale is left-fineed or right-finned. The fin that has least barnacles is the fin it uses most. This is because the whale likes to dive down to the ocean floor to scoop up huge amounts of sand from the bottom, filtering out small prey animals that live in it. When the whale does this, many of the barnacles on the side that rubbed along the bottom are scraped off. So, whichever side has fewest barnacles is the side the whale prefers to use when it digs up sand.

Migration 
Gray whales migrate on both sides of the Americas. One route is a really long migration from the Arctic Ocean (northwest of Alaska) to the coast of Mexico, and back each year. They travel about 20,000 km (~12,500 miles) each year, staying near the coast. They feed in the cold Arctic waters and calve and mate in the warm, protected tropical lagoons of the Pacific Ocean off Mexico.

Traveling night and day, the gray whale averages approximately  per day at an average speed of . This round trip of  is believed to be the longest annual migration of any mammal.
As they migrate, they may be preyed upon by pods of killer whales (Orca). This has been recorded in the cold current running down west of California.

References 

Baleen whales
Chase Tower (Chicago)

Chase Tower is a skyscraper in Chicago, United States.  It is 259 meters (850 feet) tall and has 60 floors.  It was built in 1969 and is one of the tallest buildings in the world.

Related pages
 Chase Bank
 List of tallest buildings in Chicago
 List of tallest buildings in the world

Other websites 
 Emporis.com - Chase Tower
 SkycraperPage.com – Chase Tower 

Skyscrapers in Chicago
1969 establishments in Illinois
Le Père Fouettard

Le Père Fouettard (French for The whipping Father) was a character who went with Saint Nicholas in his rounds at Christmas giving the naughty children the whip  while St. Nick gives gifts to the well behaved.
He wore a long, dirty, dark colored robe and had a beard that was poorly groomed.

He is known mainly in the Eastern regions of France. In Alsace, Le Père Fouettard is synonymous with the bogeyman.

References

Christmas
Dryococelus australis

Dryococelus australis, also known as the Lord Howe Island stick insect or tree lobster, is a phasmid which is sometimes called a land lobster. It was thought to have become extinct in 1930, but more were found in 2001. It no longer lives on Lord Howe Island which was its main habitat. It is now only found on the small rock island called Ball's Pyramid. With less than 30 of the stick insects left alive in the wild, it has been called "the rarest insect in the world". Melbourne Zoo has been able to breed the stick insects with more than 9,000 hatched. It is hoped that the insects will be released back on Lord Howe Island in the future.

References

Other websites 
The Lord Howe Island Phasmid: an extinct species reborn  by David Priddel, at the Foundation for National Parks & Wildlife
Sticks and stones article, Sydney Morning Herald, 18 October 2003 (with picture)

Phasmids
Chamber Taluka

Chamber Taluka is an administrative subdivision (taluka) of Tando Allahyar District in the Sindh province of Pakistan. The city of Chambar is the capital.

References

Talukas of Sindh
Tando Allahyar District
Fortress

A fortress is a building designed to be defended, which means it was very hard for enemies to get inside. Fortification kept the people inside safe. There is little difference between a fortress and a castle. Fortresses normally have thick stone walls, thicker but less tall than in castles so artillery cannot break them. There were very small windows, without glass, so that soldiers inside could fire out through them. As time passed, the weapons they used changed, from bow and arrow, crossbow, gun or cannon. Soldiers outside had great difficulty firing into such small windows. The people defending the fortress were also able to drop things like rocks and boiling oil on the heads of those below. Successful attacks were usually sieges. 

Fortresses were not designed for comfort. They were dark and often damp. The Tower of London is an example of a fortress.

Fortification
Malay alphabet

The modern Malay alphabet is based on the Latin alphabet. It is used to write Malay.

It contains the same letters as the English language alphabet. Q, V, and X are not used in native Malay words. The Malay alphabet contains 26 letters:

Letter names and pronunciations
{| class="wikitable"
! Letter
! Name
! IPA
! Notes
|-
| align=center| Aa || e ||  or  ||
|-
| align=center|  Bb || bi ||  ||
|-
| align=center|  Cc || si ||  ||
|-
| align=center|  Dd || di ||  ||
|-
| align=center|  Ee || e || ,  ||
|-
| align=center|  Ff || ef ||  ||
|-
| align=center|  Gg || ji ||  ||
|-
| align=center|  Hh || ec ||  ||
|-
| align=center|  Ii  || i ||   ||
|-
| align=center|  Jj   || jey ||  ||
|-
| align=center|  Kk  || key ||  ||
|-
| align=center|  Ll  || el ||  ||
|-
| align=center|  Mm  || em ||  ||
|-
| align=center|  Nn  || en || | 
|-
| align=center|  Oo  || o ||  ||
|-
| align=center|  Pp  || pi ||  ||
|-
| align=center|  Qq  || kiu ||  ||
|-
| align=center|  Rr  || ar ||  ||
|-
| align=center|  Ss  || es ||  ||
|-
| align=center|  Tt  || ti ||  ||
|-
| align=center|  Uu  || u ||  ||
|-
| align=center|  Vv  || vi ||  ||
|-
| align=center|  Ww  || dabaliu ||  ||
|-
| align=center|  Xx  || eks ||  /  ||
|-
| align=center|  Yy  || wai ||  ||
|-
| align=center|  Zz  || zed ||  ||
|}

Diphthongs

Consonant combinations

Usage
Actual written examples of the Malay language:

Good day Apa khabar

What is your name? Siape name awak?

Do you speak Malay? Awak boleh cakap bahase Melayu ke?

Related pages
 Malay language

Other websites
 Malay alphabet
 Omniglot
 Coba-coba(Cuba-cuba) Bahasa Indonesia ＆ Bahasa Melayu 
 Sistem Ejaan Bahasa Melayu 
 Pedoman Umum Ejaan Bahasa Melayu 

Alphabets
Central Plaza

Central Plaza is a skyscraper in Hong Kong.  It is  tall. It has 78 floors. It was built in 1992. It is one of the tallest buildings in the world

Photo Gallery

Related pages
 List of tallest buildings in the world

Other websites

 Emporis.com - Central Plaza
SkycraperPage.com – Central Plaza

Skyscrapers in China
Buildings and structures in Hong Kong
Fin whale

The fin whale (Balaenoptera physalus) is a huge baleen whale. It is the second largest animal on Earth (the blue whale is the biggest). This whale is sometimes called the "greyhound of the sea" because of its fast swimming speed; it can swim up to 23 mph (37 km/hr) in short bursts. The fin whale is also called the finback, finner, razorback, common rorqual, and herring whale.

Description 
The fin whale is a streamlined whale that is found worldwide; it is most common in the North Atlantic. There are three separate populations of fin whales, one in the North Pacific, one in the North Atlantic, and one in the Southern Hemisphere; they do not interbreed. Many groups of fin whales migrate between feeding grounds and breeding grounds. This whale usually swims in pods of 3-7 whales but larger groups (up to 300 animals) may form at rich feeding grounds.

Diet and baleen 
Fin whales are filter feeders that eat plankton (tiny crustaceans like krill and copepods) and small fish from the water. They have very fine grey-black baleen that traps very small particles of food. Each side of the upper jaw has 270-470 baleen plates.

References

Baleen whales
James Skinner (soldier)

James Skinner CB (1778 – December 4, 1841) was an Anglo-Indian military adventurer in India.

Skinner was born in India, son of Lieutenant-Colonel Hercules Skinner and a Rajput lady. Because of his Indian heritage, Skinner was unable to serve as an officer in the East India Company army and, at the age of eighteen, he entered the Mahratta army under Benoît de Boigne, where he soon showed military talent. He remained in the same service under Pierre Cuillier-Perron until 1803, when, on the outbreak of the second Anglo-Maratha War all Anglo-Indians were dismissed from Mahratta service.

References

1778 births
1841 deaths
Indian people
People of British India
Nauplion

Nauplion is a Greek city. It is in the Argolida's prefecture, in the east of Peloponnese peninsula. Near Nauplio is the historical city of Argos. Nauplio was the first capital of Greece. Nauplio is a coastal city. It has three castles. The most famous are the Palamidi castle, and Bourtzi castle which is on the islet in front of the port. The population of Nauplion is 13,124 inhabitants.

History 
Nauplion was the second capital of Greece. In 1834 the king Otto carried the capital to Athens. Nauplion was one of the first cities which were liberated during Greek War of Independence.

Sites of interest 

Nauplion has many sites of interest. The most interest sites are its three castle. Its old neighborhoods are also very beautiful places for visit. In Nauplion there are many old beautiful buildings from previous century. 

Cities in Greece
Lincoln, Alabama

Lincoln is a city in Talladega County, Alabama, United States. At the 2012 census the population was 6,337.

Cities in Alabama
Linden, Alabama

Linden is a city in and the county seat of Marengo County, Alabama, United States. The population was 2,424 at the 2000 census.

Cities in Alabama
County seats in Alabama
Lineville, Alabama

Lineville is a city in Clay County, Alabama, United States. At the 2000 census the population was 2,401.

Cities in Alabama
Lipscomb, Alabama

Lipscomb is a city in Jefferson County, Alabama, United States. At the 2000 census the population was 2,458.

Cities in Alabama
Livingston, Alabama

Livingston is a city in Sumter County, Alabama, United States. At the 2000 census the population was 3,297. The city is the county seat of Sumter County.

Cities in Alabama
County seats in Alabama
Luverne, Alabama

Luverne is a city in Crenshaw County, Alabama, United States. At the 2000 census the population was 2,635. The city is the county seat of Crenshaw County.

Media
Radio station
WHLW 104.3 FM (Gospel)
Newspaper
Luverne Journal (weekly)

Cities in Alabama
County seats in Alabama
Iridaceae

Iridaceae are perennial herbs from rhizomes, bulbs or corms comprising about 80 genera and 1,500 species. The leaves are distichous and have a sheathing, equitant base and a generally ensiform or linear blade with parallel venation. The flowers are bisexual, usually showy, and are actinomorphic or zygomorphic.

Some genera:
 Gladiolus
 Ixia 
 Iris
 Libertia
Tampa Bay Area

The Tampa Bay Area is an area in West Central Florida that includes Tampa and St. Pete. Among notable residents is John Cena, a WWE pro wrestler and former 3-time WWE Champion and reigning World Heavyweight Champion.

References 

Tampa, Florida
Metropolitan areas of the United States
Live at Wembley '86

Live at Wembley '86 is a set of two discs recorded by English rock band Queen.

It was recorded live on Saturday July 12, 1986 during the Magic Tour at Wembley Stadium in London, England and was released on May 26, 1992.

A DVD was released in June 2003. The album was re-sold in a new CD with bonus tracks in August 2003 in the United States as Live at Wembley Stadium after the DVD.

1992 albums
Queen albums
Trams in Melbourne

Melbourne, Australia introduced trams in 1885 and now it is the largest tram network in the world, consisting of  of tracks, 450 trams, 25 routes, and 1,700 tram stops. The trams are powered using 600V DC delivered by overhead wires and run on standard gauge track. Currently operated by a private company, Yarra Trams under contract from the Victorian Government, the owner of the network. Melbourne's trams give a lot to the city's distinctive character and are loved by the people of Melbourne. 

In 2015-16, a total of 203 million passengers took rides on Melbourne’s trams.

References

Public transport in Melbourne
Australia
Rail transport in Australia
Lincoln City F.C.

Lincoln City F.C. is an English football team currently playing in Football League Two (the fourth tier of the English football league system).

The team play at the 10,127 capacity Sincil Bank in Lincoln, Lincolnshire, and are nicknamed the Imps after the legend of the Lincoln Imp. More recently, they have also been known as the Red Imps. Traditionally they play in red and white striped shirts with black shorts and red and white socks.

League position

Former position 

English football clubs
1884 establishments in England
Neamț County

Neamţ () is a county (judeţ) of Romania, in the historic region of Moldavia, with the county seat at Piatra Neamţ.

Demographics 
In 2002, it had a population of 557,000 and a population density of 99/km².

Romanians - 98.66%
Hungarians - 0.05%
Rromas - 1.08
Lipovans - 0.07%, and others

References

Other websites 

 www.piatra-neamt.net - Neamt info portal 
 prefecturaneamt.ro - The Neamt Prefecture
 judetulneamt.ro - Neamt county map 
 neamt.ro - a website about Neamt county 
 monitorulneamt.ro - biggest newspaper in Neamt

Counties of Romania
Retezat Mountains

The Retezat Mountains (, ) are one of the highest massifs in Romania. They are part of the Southern Carpathians. The highest peak is Peleaga (Vârful Peleaga), at an altitude of . Other important peaks are Păpuşa (Varful Păpuşa) and Retezat Peak (Vârful Retezat).

The Retezat Mountains have many glacial lakes. The largest glacial lake in Romania, Bucura Lake (lacul Bucura) is in these mountains. It covers  and is located at an altitude of  metres. The area also contains the Retezat National Park, Romania's first national park.

Other websites

Retezat page on SummitPost
Website of Retezat National Park
Maps of the Retezat
Jiu Valley Portal - Romania's principal coalmining region and a gateway to the Retezat National Park
Retezat - photographs + information in Czech 
Alpinet

Mountain ranges of the Carpathians
Mountains of Romania
Swainsona formosa

Swainsona formosa, commonly called Sturt's Desert Pea, is the floral emblem of South Australia It was named after explorer Charles Sturt.

This plant is a part of the pea family, Fabaceae. It is only found in Australia. It grows in the drier areas of the country except in Victoria. Explorer William Dampier was the first European to collect a sample of the plant. He found it growing in what is now called the Dampier Archipelago in Western Australia in 1699.

Other websites
 Download a line drawing of the plant

References

Plants of Australia
Gossypium sturtianum

Gossypium sturtianum, commonly called Sturt's Desert Rose, is the floral emblem of the Northern Territory. It was named after explorer Charles Sturt who found the plant in creeks near the site of Broken Hill, New South Wales in 1844. He collected the seeds and brought them back for Robert Brown (1773-1858), a Scottish botanist, to study.

A stylized drawing of the flower is used on the Northern Territory's flag.

References

Plants of Australia
University of San Francisco

The University of San Francisco, is a private Jesuit university founded in 1855 in San Francisco, California, and is the oldest university in San Francisco.

Association of Jesuit Colleges and Universities
Landmarks in San Francisco
San Francisco
1855 establishments in the United States
1850s establishments in California
Mureș County

Mureş (, ) is a county (judeţ) of Romania, in the historical region of Transylvania. The capital of Mureş County is Târgu Mureş.

Geography 
Mureş County has an area of 6,714 km².

Population 
In 2002, about 582,000 people lived in Mureş County.

Divisions 
Mureş County has 4 municipalities, 7 towns and 91 communes.

Municipalities 
 Târgu Mureş (Marosvásárhely) 
 Sighişoara (Segesvár)
 Reghin (Szászrégen) 
 Târnăveni (Dicsőszentmárton)

Towns 
 Iernut (Radnót) 
 Luduş (Marosludas) 
 Sovata (Szováta) 
 Miercurea Nirajului (Nyárádszereda) 
 Sărmaşu (Nagysármás) 
 Sângeorgiu de Pădure (Erdőszentgyörgy) 
 Ungheni (Nyárádtő)

Communes

References

Other websites 

  Mureş Info
  Mureş online

Counties of Romania
Transylvania
Hurricane Dog (1950)

Hurricane Dog was the strongest hurricane in the 1950 Atlantic hurricane season. It was the fourth named storm of the season. Dog began on August 30 to the east of Antigua. After passing through the northern Lesser Antilles, the storm turned to the north and became a Category 5 hurricane. Dog reached its highest strength of 185 mph (295 km/h) winds over the ocean. The hurricane weakened and passed within 200 miles (320 km) of Cape Cod before becoming extratropical on September 12.

Hurricane Dog caused high damage to the Leeward Islands, and was said to be the strongest hurricane on record in Antigua. Many buildings were destroyed or damaged on the island. In the United States, the hurricane caused damage along the coast. It damaged several boats and caused 11 people to drown. Strong winds caused large power outages across southeastern New England. Damage along Hurricane Dog's track totaled to about $3 million (1950 USD, $25.7 million 2007 USD).

Other websites
 1950 Monthly Weather Review

Category 5 Atlantic hurricanes
Hurricanes in the United States
1950 in the United States
Antigua and Barbuda
Kingdom of Württemberg

Württemberg [], formerly known as Wirtemberg, is an area and a former state in southwestern Germany, including parts of the regions Swabia and Franconia. It was originally a Duchy but was raised to a Kingdom in 1806. 

Former states in Germany
States of the Holy Roman Empire
11th-century establishments in Europe
Establishments in Germany
1918 disestablishments in Germany
Tiraspol

Tiraspol (Russian: Тирасполь and Ukrainian: Тираспіль) is the second biggest city of Moldova and the capital city of Transnistria.

Cities in Moldova
Transnistria
Sukhumi

Sukhumi or Sokhumi () is the capital and largest city of the breakaway independent  Republic of Abkhazia.

Sokhumi was a multi-ethnic city. The people were Georgians, Abkhazians (Apsuans), Russians, Turks, Armenians and Greeks during Soviet Rule. During the Georgian-Abkhaz conflict Georgians in Abkhazia were forced to leave. Most Greeks have also left.

References

Abkhazia
Settlements in Georgia (country)
Tskhinvali

Tskhinvali is the capital city of South Ossetia.

References 

South Ossetia
Cities in Europe
Cities in Asia
Mariehamn

Mariehamm () is the capital city of the Åland Islands, an autonomous region in Finland. As of January 2014, more than 11,400 people lived in Mariehamm. Many ships sail between Mariehamn and the port of Turku.

Other websites

 infopage

Cities in Finland
Åland Islands
Capital cities in Europe
Funchal

Funchal is the capital city of Madeira, part of Portugal.  It is also the largest city of Madeira with 111,892 people.

Funchal is in a valley.  It has even temperatures all year round.  There is a rainier and slightly cooler season from October through March.  A drier and warmer season lasts from April through September.

Transportation
The harbor of Funchal used to be the only major port in Madeira. In 2007 cargo trade was moved to the port of Caniçal, 12 miles to the east. Funchal still serves cruise ships, ferries, and other tourist-related boats and yachts. 

A highway to Câmara de Lobos and Ribeira Brava is to the west. Santa Cruz, Machico and Caniçal can be reached to the east.

Madeira Airport is east of the city, in the municipality of Santa Cruz.

Cities in Portugal
Municipalities of Portugal
Madeira Islands
1424 establishments
Establishments in Portugal
1420s establishments in Europe
Simferopol

Simferopol () was the capital city of Crimea, Ukraine. It became the capital city of the Republic of Crimea on March 11, 2014.

Republic of Crimea
Chess boxing

Chess boxing is a mixed sport which puts together the sport of boxing with games of chess in every other round. Chess boxing fights have been done since early 2003. The sport was started when Dutch artist Iepe Rubingh, given the idea by a similar sport in the writing of Enki Bilal, started actual matches. The sport has become more well known since then. To do well at chess boxing, players must be both good chess players and good boxers.

Structure and rules
A match between two players is made up of up to 11 rounds of boxing and chess sessions, starting with a four-minute chess round followed by two minutes of boxing and so on. Between rounds there is a one-minute pause, during which the players change their gear. The form of chess played is rapid chess in which each player has a total of twelve minutes for the whole game. Players may win by knocking out the other player, checkmate, a judge's choice, or if the other player runs out of chess time. If a player does not make a move in the round of chess, he will be given a warning by the referee and he must then make a move in the next 10 seconds.

History

The idea was started in 1992 by cartoonist Enki Bilal, and a match of chess boxing was a big story part of his graphic novel Froid Équateur. Iepe Rubingh, a Dutch artist, was took the idea from Bilal's book and started the sport in the spring of 2001. Rubingh decided that the method of play in the book, a boxing match with a chess match after, was not very good. Rubingh made the rules so a round of chess would come after a round of boxing.

The World Chess Boxing Organisation (WCBO), keeps control of the sport. The first world championship was in Amsterdam in 2003 and was won by Iepe Rubingh, the starter of the sport. The First European Chess Boxing Championship took place in Berlin on October 1, 2005 when Tihomir Atanassov Dovramadjiev of Bulgaria beat Andreas D'Schneider of Germany after D'Schneider gave up in the seventh round.

In April 2008, the World Chess Federation, FIDE, posted a video on its website in which its president Kirsan Ilyumzhinov played a friendly chess boxing match in Elista. Also in April 2008 the UK's first Chess Boxing club was started in London by Great Britain Chess Boxing Organisation founder Tim Woolgar. In July 2008 in Berlin, a 19-year old Russian mathematics student Nikolai Sazhin won the title of "World Champion" in chess boxing by beating Frank Stoldt. Stoldt resigned in the 5th round after losing his queen.

Notes

Chess
Iepe Rubingh

Iepe B. T. Rubingh (; 17 August 1974 – 9 May 2020) was a Dutch  artist who was best known for starting chess boxing in 2003. He was born in Rotterdam.

Rubingh died on 9 May 2020 in Berlin, aged 45.

References

Other websites
His own website
An interview with the artist 

1974 births
2020 deaths
Dutch artists
Chess
People from Rotterdam
Teresa Stratas

Teresa Stratas (born May 26, 1938) is a Canadian soprano opera singer and actress. She was born in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Stratas has won 3 Grammy Awards and been nominated for a Tony Award

References

Other websites

1938 births
Living people
Singers from Toronto
Canadian movie actors
Canadian television actors
Musical theater actors
North American opera singers
Sopranos
Actors from Toronto
Grammy Award winners