cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Damian Jackson

Damian Jacques Jackson (born August 16, 1973 in Los Angeles, California) is an American baseball player. He is a second baseman for the Orange County Flyers of Golden Baseball League.

Jackson has formerly played for the Cleveland Indians from 1996-97, Cincinnati Reds from 1997-98, San Diego Padres from 1999-01, Detroit Tigers in 2002, Boston Red Sox in 2003, Chicago Cubs in 2004, Kansas City Royals in 2004, again with the San Diego Padres in 2005 and the Washington Nationals in 2006.

Other websites
Damian Jackson at sports.espn.go.com

1973 births
Living people
African-American baseball players
Cleveland Indians players
Cincinnati Reds players
San Diego Padres players
Detroit Tigers players
Boston Red Sox players
Chicago Cubs players
Kansas City Royals players
Washington Nationals players
Sportspeople from Los Angeles
Eland

The eland is the largest antelope. There are two species, both African. 

The common eland, Taurotragus oryx, is from East Africa and South Africa. The giant eland, Taurotragus derbianus, is found in Sudan, Central African Republic, Cameroon and Senegal  and West Africa.

The two species are rather similar in size: males range in size from  and may even reach a ton on rare occasions; females range from .

Giant eland are alert and wary, making them difficult to approach and observe. They are gregarious, and migrate in small herds of twenty or so animals. Giant eland live in open forest and savannah where they eat grass, leaves, and branches. Common eland live in large herds. 

Observers have, as usual, found it difficult to measure their speed of running. Some claim they move quickly, running at over , and despite their size are exceptional jumpers, easily clearing heights of . Others claim elands are one of the slowest antelopes, but can even jump a height of  or more.

When walking, tendon or joints in the eland's foreleg produce a sharp clicking sound, the cause of which is not known. The sound carries some distance and is a good indication of an approaching herd. Naturalists think it is a form of communication in elands.

References 

Even-toed ungulates
Mammals of Africa
Daryl Hannah

Daryl Christine Hannah (born December 3, 1960 in Chicago, Illinois) is an American actress and environmental activist. She starred in many movies during the 1980s, including Splash.

References

Other websites 
 

1960 births
Living people
Actors from Chicago
American movie actors
American movie producers
American environmentalists
Models from Chicago
American movie directors
American screenwriters
American television actors
Artists from Chicago
People on the autism spectrum
Saturn Award winners
Vegetarians
American bloggers
Air India Flight 182

Air India Flight 182 was a passenger plane which, on June 23, 1985, exploded from a bomb that was placed on the plane. The aircraft was going between Montréal-Mirabel International Airport, Montreal, Quebec, and New Delhi, India. It was an Air India Boeing 747-237B, registration VT-EFO. The bombing was called the largest mass murder in modern Canadian history, and the deadliest act of air terrorism before 9/11.

Accident
The flight was going between Montreal and New Delhi. The plane exploded when it was flying 31,000 feet over Atlantic Ocean South of Ireland. The bomb was hidden in a Sanyo tuner in a suitcase which was in the forward cargo hold. Around fifty-five minutes later after the loss of the aircraft, a suitcase which was checked in by one of the accused perpetrators in the bombing exploded at Japan’s Narita Airport and killed two baggage handlers and injured four other people nearby. The suitcase was on its way to another airliner at Narita. At least 329 people were killed in the explosion aboard flight 182.

Passengers
Most of the victims on-board were Canadians, but 27 came from the United Kingdom, and 10 more came from the United States, five from Brazil, four from Germany, three from France, two each from Italy and Australia, one each from Japan, Mexico, Russia, China, and Belgium. Four passengers and all 22 crew members were from India'

Suspects
The suspects in the bombing were from the Sikh separatist group called the Babbar Khalsa:

Talwinder Singh Parmar
Inderjit Singh Reyat
Ripudaman Singh Malik
Ajaib Singh Bagri
Surjan Singh Gill
Hardial Singh Johal and Manmohan Singh
Daljit Sandhu
Lakhbir Singh Brar Rode

1985 in Canada
1985 in Europe
1980s explosions in Europe
1980s in India
1980s murders in Europe
20th century in the Republic of Ireland
Disasters in Canada
June events
Mass murder in the 1980s
Massacres in Europe
Terrorist incidents in Europe in the 1980s
Tachisme

Tachisme is a French art style popular in the 1940s and 1950s. It had large brush strokes and had many drips and blobs of paint straight from the paint tube.

Art movements
Wale (rapper)

Wale Victor Folarin (born Olubowale Victor Akintimehin; September 21, 1984 in Washington D.C.) is an American rapper better known by his stage name, Wale. 

In 2010 Wale was nominated for Best New Artist from both the Soul Train Awards and BET Awards but did not win.

Discography

Albums
Wale has released 7 studio albums:
 Attention Deficit (2009)
 Ambition (2011)
 The Gifted (2013)
 The Album About Nothing (2015)
 Shine (2017)
 Wow... That's Crazy (2019)
 Folarin II (2021)

Singles
Wale has had 5 singles:

References

Other websites
 Wale's Official website

1984 births
Living people
American rap musicians
Singers from Washington, D.C.
National Academy of Sciences

National Academy of Sciences (NAS) is United States corporation whose members serve as advisers to the nation on science. New members of the organization are elected annually by current members, based on their distinguished and continuing achievements in original research.

The National Academy of Sciences is part of the United States National Academies, which also includes: 
 National Academy of Engineering (NAE) 
 Institute of Medicine (IOM) 
 United States National Research Council (NRC)

The NAS is running  21-month project which will study how humans might influence weather patterns, assess dangers and investigate possible national security implications of climate geoengineering attempts to mitigate global warming.  The project is funded by the CIA, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and NASA.

Other websites

National Academy of Sciences: About the NAS

Notes

1863 establishments in the United States
Scientific organizations based in the United States
K-os

Kevin Brereton (born February 20, 1972 in Toronto, Ontario) is a Canadian rapper and producer better known by his stage name, k-os which is an acronym for Knowledge of Self and is spelt with a lowercase "k".

Discography

Albums
k-os has released 4 studio albums:

Compilations

Mixtapes

Other websites
 k-os's Official website

1972 births
Living people
Canadian musicians
Canadian rap musicians
Singers from Toronto
Belinda Carlisle

Belinda Carlisle (born August 17, 1958) is an American Grammy Award nominated singer, author and songwriter. She is the lead singer of The Go Gos. Carlisle was born in Hollywood, Los Angeles, California. She is a Buddhist.

References 

American Buddhists
American pop musicians
American rock singers
Singer-songwriters from California
Singers from Los Angeles
Writers from Los Angeles
1958 births
Living people
Hydroplaning (tires)

Hydroplaning or Aquaplaning happens when a layer of water builds between the rubber tires of the vehicle and the road surface and leads to the loss of traction (grip) on the road. Hydroplaning causes the vehicle to stop responding to control inputs such as steering, braking or accelerating. The effects of hydroplaning depends on which wheels have lost traction and the direction that the vehicle is traveling.

Road transport
Sintel

Sintel is a short 15-minute movie made with computers using open source software. Blender was the main program used to make the movie. It began production in September 2009 and was released on September 28, 2010. The online release was made available for download on September 30, 2010.
  It was first developed under the name Projet Durian, named after a type of smelly fruit. It was changed to Sintel a word from the Dutch language, which can mean 'cinder', or 'ember'.

Overview 
Sintel is a story about a girl who lives in the made-up city.  One day, a dragon lands on the roof of a house she is standing next to.  The dragon is hurt, so she helps it.  She and the dragon (which she names Scales) become good friends.  One day, Scales goes to chase a group of birds flying in the sky.  Another, bigger, dragon comes along, and kidnaps Scales.  Sintel goes to looks for Scales.  She finds the adult dragon in a Dragon Blood tree, There she fights the big dragon and kills it.  But, it turns out that the big dragon is actually Scales.  The movie ends with Sintel sad, because she accidentally killed her friend.

Ton Roosendaal announced the movie in May 2009. He is the chairman of the Blender Foundation. The Blender Foundation and the Netherlands Film Fund paid for part of the project. The Foundation raised a lot of their funds by selling pre-orders of the DVD. Everyone who preordered before September 1 has his or her name listed in the movie's credits. The movie was released for download on the Official Durian Project website on October 1, 2010.

The movie

Other websites
 The Sintel website 
 The Blender website (Blender was the program used to make Sintel)

References

Animated movies
2010 movies
English-language movies
United States National Academies

United States National Academies or National Academies comprising 
 National Academy of Sciences (NAS)
 National Academy of Engineering (NAE) 
 Institute of Medicine (IOM) 
 National Research Council (NRC)
serve collectively as the scientific national academy for the United States.  The NAS, NAE, and IOM are honorary membership organizations, with a total membership of over 6,000 scientists, engineers, and health professionals.  New members for each organization are elected annually by current members, based on their distinguished and continuing achievements in original research.  The NRC is called the "working arm" of the Academies, which serves to collect, analyze, and share information through studies and reports.

The National Academies produce independent recommendations and policy reports by enlisting top scientists, engineers, health professionals, and other experts (not limited to those in Academies membership) to address important scientific and technical problems. 

The National Academies do not perform original research; rather they provide independent advice. Federal agencies are the primary financial sponsors of the Academies' work; additional studies are funded by state agencies, foundations, other private sponsors, and the National Academies endowment. The external sponsors have no control over the conduct or results of a study, once the statement of task and budget are finalized.

Other websites

The Institute of Medicine 
The National Academy of Engineering

Notes

1863 establishments in the United States
National academies of sciences
Jens Seipenbusch

Jens Seipenbusch (born 6 August 1968) is a German politician and physicist. He was leader of the Pirate Party of Germany.

Seipenbusch was a founding member of his party.  He studied physics at the University of Münster. He was first elected party leader in May 2007.  In May 2008 he became deputy leader for one year, before he became re-elected leader of the party in July 2009, and once more in May 2010. In May 2011, Sebastian Nerz became leader of the party.

References

Other websites

 Jens Seipenbusch (Vorsitzender) , German Pirate Party's website

1968 births
Living people
German physicists
People from Wuppertal
Politicians from North Rhine-Westphalia
Sharon Stone

Sharon Vonne Stone (born March 10, 1958) is an American actress and movie producer. She received a Golden Globe Award for her part in the 1995 movie Casino. Her role in the movie Basic Instinct was also notable. 

Stone won the title of Miss Crawford County in Meadville.  She was a candidate for Miss Pennsylvania. One of the pageant judges said she should quit school and move to New York City to become a fashion model. In 1977, Stone left Meadville, moving in with an aunt in New Jersey. Within four days of her arrival in New Jersey, she was signed by Ford Modeling Agency in New York.

While living in Europe, she decided to quit modeling and become an actress. Stone was cast for a brief role in Allen's Stardust Memories (1980).  She had many roles in movies in the 1980's.  Being in Total Recall (1990) with Arnold Schwarzenegger helped her career.  To promote the movie, she posed nude for Playboy.

The movie that made her a star Basic Instinct (1992).  She played a person thought to be a serial killer.  In the movie's most notorious scene, her character is being questioned by the police. She crosses and uncrosses her legs, exposing her genitalia, which are not covered by underwear.  After Basic Instinct, she was listed by People magazine as one of the 50 most beautiful people in the world.

In November 1995, Stone received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, located at 6925 Hollywood Blvd.

In 2003, she appeared in three episodes from the eighth season of The Practice. For her performances, she received an Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Drama Series.

Stone tried a return to the mainstream with roles in the movies Cold Creek Manor (2003) with Dennis Quaid and Catwoman (2004) with Halle Berry.  Both movies were not well liked by either the public or critics.

Personal life 
Stone married Michael Greenburg in 1984.  They separated in 1987 and the divorce was finalized in 1990.

In 1993, Stone met William J. MacDonald (aka Bill MacDonald) on the set of the movie Sliver. MacDonald left his wife Naomi Baca for Stone and became engaged to her. They separated one year later in 1994.

While working on the movie The Quick and the Dead in 1995, Stone met Bob Wagner and they became engaged.

On February 14, 1998, Stone married Phil Bronstein, executive editor of the San Francisco Examiner. They adopted a son, Roan Joseph Bronstein (born on May 22, 2000) in late May or early June of 2000.  They divorced in 2004.  After her divorce she adopted another two boys, Laird Vonne Stone (born on May 7, 2005) and Quinn Kelly Stone 
(born in June 2006).

Stone is a convert to Tibetan Buddhism. She is an ordained minister with the Universal Life Church.

Filmography

References

Other websites

 

Actors from Pennsylvania
American Buddhists
American movie actors
American movie producers
American television actors
1958 births
Living people
Emmy Award winning actors
Kim Delaney

Kim Delaney (born November 29, 1961) is an American movie and television actress. She played Jenny Gardner in the soap All My Children. She played a detective in the television series NYPD Blue. She also acted in the television series Philly. Delaney was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

1961 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
Actors from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Aedes aegypti

Aedes aegypti, also called yellow fever mosquito, is a mosquito that can spread the dengue fever, chikungunya and yellow fever viruses, and other diseases. 

The mosquito can be recognized by white markings on legs and a marking in the form of a lyre on the thorax. It is a small mosquito, with a body length of about half one centimeter.

Flies
Aedes

Aedes is a genus of mosquito originally found in tropical and subtropical zones, but has spread by human activity to all continents excluding Antarctica. Several of the species transmit important human diseases and one species, Aedes albopictus, is the most invasive mosquito in the world. The name comes from the Greek aēdēs, meaning "unpleasant" or "odious", so called because of the diseases this type of mosquito transmits, including dengue fever and yellow fever. 

Flies
Scirpophaga innotata

The Rice White Stemborer (Scirpophaga innotata) is a species of moth of the Crambidae family. It is found in Indonesia, Pakistan the Philippines and the tropical north of Australia.

Moths
Eugene Airport

Eugene Airport, also known as Mahlon Sweet Field, is a medium-sized airport in Eugene, Oregon in the United States. It has ten connections to larger airports in the forty-eight states via four airlines.

Allegiant flies to Las Vegas, Oakland, Phoenix, and Los Angeles. Delta Connection flies to Salt Lake City. Horizon Airlines flies to Portland and Seattle, and United Express flies to Portland, Denver and San Francisco.

Airports in the United States
Eugene, Oregon
Buildings and structures in Oregon
Hank Hill

Henry "Hank" Rutherford Hill (born April 15, 1953 in The Bronx, New York) is a fictional character in the television series, King of the Hill. He lives in Arlen, Texas with his wife Peggy and his son Bobby. He was named one of the wisest people on television by The Economist. He suffers from Diminished Gluteal Syndrome (DGS) which is a fictional genetic disorder. He works at Strickland Propane and sells propane and propane accessories. His father's name is Cotton who was a World War II veteran who had his shins "blowed off by a Japanman's machine gun" in combat, and had his feet attached to his knees, he has a Japanese half brother named Junichiro, and his cousin is the bassist and vocalist for ZZ Top, Dusty Hill. He is usually seen hanging out with his friends Dale, Bill and Boomhauer.

References

Notes

Television characters
Caviar

Caviar is a luxury food. Caviar is  salted and un-fertilized sturgeon roe eggs. The world's largest producer and exporter of caviar is Iran. The producer of 90 percent of the world's caviar is the Caspian Sea. 

Caviar is usually put in gold, plastic, wood, ivory containers. It is rarely in silverware or steel because this may interfere with the flavor and color.

Seafood dishes
Jackson, Wyoming

Jackson is an American city in the state of Wyoming. It is in Teton County. The current mayor of Jackson is Mark Barron. As of 2000, 8,647 people lived there. Many tourists go through Jackson when they visit the nearby Grand Teton National Park, Yellowstone National Park, and the National Elk Refuge.

Other websites
Jackson's Official website 

Cities in Wyoming
County seats in Wyoming
2009 Pacific typhoon season

The 2009 Philippine region typhoon season was the period that tropical cyclones formed in the Western Pacific Ocean. The season ran throughout the year during 2009, with most tropical cyclones forming between May and November.The Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) assigns names to tropical cyclones (including tropical depressions) that enter or form in the Philippine area of responsibility. These names, however, are not in common use outside of the Philippines.

During the season, 39 tropical depressions developed within the Western Pacific, whilst 2 formed outside the region before moving into the Western Pacific.

Storms

Philippines
Tropical Depression Auring
Tropical Depression Bising
Typhoon Crising
Typhoon Dante
Typhoon Emong
Tropical Storm Feria
Tropical Depression Gorio
Tropical Depression Huaning
Typhoon Isang
Tropical Depression Jolina
Tropical Storm Kiko
Tropical Storm Labuyo
Tropical Depression Maring
Typhoon Nando
Typhoon Ondoy
Typhoon Pepemg
Typhoon Quedan
Typhoon Ramil
Tropical Storm Santi
Tropical Depression Tino
Tropical Depression Urduja
Tropical Depression Vinta

Northern Hemisphere tropical cyclone seasons
Body of Proof

Body of Proof is an American medical drama television series on  ABC starring Dana Delany and Jeri Ryan.

Plot 

The series stars Delany as Dr. Megan Hunt, a medical examiner. The show focusses on Hunt's efforts to balance the demands of her professional life with her personal life. Hunt was previously employed as a top-flight neurosurgeon who had a life-changing automobile accident.

Her boss is the city's chief medical examiner, played by Ryan.

Cast

References

Other websites 

2011 American television series debuts
2010s American television series
English-language television programs
Blue Valentine (movie)

Blue Valentine is a 2010 movie. It is a romantic drama starring Michelle Williams and Ryan Gosling. The original rating of this movie was NC-17, but the rating was successfully appealed to an R rating. The movie is about a married couple who are shifting back and forth, along with their eventual divorce.

2010 movies
2010s romantic drama movies
English-language movies
American independent movies
Patty Loveless

Patty Lee Ramey (or Patty Loveless; born January 4, 1957) is an American country singer and songwriter. She emerged onto the country music scene around 1986. She has also sung Bluegrass and country pop. She was born in Pikeville, Kentucky.

Awards

Academy of Country Music
1996 Top Female Vocalist
1997 Top Female Vocalist

American Music Awards
1989 Favorite New Country Artist

Country Music Association
1995 Album of the Year – "When Fallen Angels Fly"
1996 Female Vocalist of the Year
1998 Vocal Event of the Year with George Jones – "You Don't Seem to Miss Me"

Grand Ole Opry
Inducted in 1988

Georgia Music Hall of Fame
Inducted in 2005Grammy AwardsBest Country Collaboration with Vocals – "Same Old Train" (1998)
Best Bluegrass Album – Mountain Soul II (2011)Kentucky Music Hall of Fame'Inducted in 2011 (announced 17 March 2010) 

Discography
Studio albums
 Patty Loveless (1986)
 If My Heart Had Windows (1988)
 Honky Tonk Angel (1988)
 On Down the Line (1990)
 Up Against My Heart (1991)
 Only What I Feel (1993)
 When Fallen Angels Fly (1994)
 The Trouble with the Truth (1996)
 Long Stretch of Lonesome (1997)
 Strong Heart (2000)
 Mountain Soul (2001)
 Bluegrass & White Snow: A Mountain Christmas (2002)
 On Your Way Home (2003)
 Dreamin' My Dreams (2005)
 Sleepless Nights (2008)
 Mountain Soul II'' (2009)

References

American country singers
1957 births
Living people
Singers from Kentucky
Islamic state

An Islamic state  is a state that has adopted Islam as its state religion, and Islamic law as the foundation for political institutions. Current examples of such states are Pakistan, Iran, Afghanistan, Mauritania and the self-proclaimed Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant.

Politics of Afghanistan
Politics of Pakistan
Theocracies
Niko Tinbergen

Nikolaas 'Niko' Tinbergen (15 April 1907 – 21 December 1988) was a Dutch ethologist and ornithologist who shared the 1973 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Karl von Frisch and Konrad Lorenz. Their discoveries were about individual and social behaviour patterns, and how they are triggered.

In the 1960s Niko collaborated on a series of wildlife movies, including The Riddle of the Rook (1972) and Signals for Survival (1969), which won the Italia prize in that year and the American blue ribbon in 1971.

Aspects of his life 
Niko, who had two eminent brothers, Luuk and Jan, was a prisoner of war during World War II. His experience as a prisoner of the Nazis led to some friction with longtime intellectual collaborator Konrad Lorenz, and it was several years before the two reconciled.

After the war, Tinbergen moved to England, where he taught at the University of Oxford. He remained in England for the rest of his life. Several of his Oxford graduate students went on to become prominent biologists; these include Richard Dawkins, Marian Dawkins, Desmond Morris, and Iain Douglas Hamilton. He married Elisabeth Rutten and they had five children.

Supernormal stimuli 
The body of Tinbergen's research focused on what he termed supernormal stimuli. This was the concept that an artificial object could be a stronger trigger for an instinct than the natural object for which the instinct originally evolved.

He constructed plaster eggs to see which a bird preferred to sit on, finding that they would select those that were larger, had more defined markings, or more saturated colour—and a dayglo-bright one with black polkadots would be selected over the bird's own pale, dappled eggs.

Tinbergen found that territorial male stickleback fish would attack a wooden fish model more vigorously than a real male if its underside was redder. He constructed cardboard dummy butterflies with more defined markings that male butterflies would try to mate with in preference to real females. The superstimulus, by its exaggerations, clearly showed what features were triggering the response.

Four Questions 
He is well known for originating the four questions he believed should be asked of any animal behaviour, which were:

Proximate mechanisms:
 1. Causation (Mechanism): what are the stimuli that elicit the response, and how has it been modified by recent learning?
 2. Development (Ontogeny): how does the behaviour change with age, and what early experiences are necessary for the behaviour to be shown?

Ultimate mechanisms:
 3. Evolution (Phylogeny): how does the behaviour compare with similar behaviour in related species, and how might it have arisen?
 4. Function (Adaptation): how does the behaviour impact on the animal's chances of survival and reproduction?

Autism 
Niko gave his Nobel Lecture on autism in children, which he and his wife had been researching for some time.

References 
 Hans Kruuk 2003. Niko's nature: the life of Niko Tinbergen and his science of animal behaviour 

1907 births
1988 deaths
Dutch academics
Dutch Nobel Prize winners
Dutch scientists
Ethologists
People from The Hague
SF1 Kraken

SF1 Kraken is a weapon mainly used by police forces during riots to restore order. It is not lethal (hit causes only injury, not death). The weapon is specially made for usage against civilians without risking casualties (loss of life). The average distance of fire is about 30m, maximum is 100m and depends on type of bullet. SF1 Kraken uses the energy of gases from .357 Magnum blank cartidges (without a bullet) which are made by Libra a.s. in the Czech Republic. It is also able to use several types of 59mm calibre bullets.

Bullet types
 Common tennis ball - to stop or paralyse human or animal, for distances up to 30m.
 Gas grenade - covers an area or some of friendly units with harmless smoke.
 Tear gas grenade - covers an area of crowd with tear gas, causes intensive crying and burn of eyes.
 P1 charge - uses strong acoustic effect (similar to simple banger or firecracker) to frighten or shock human or animal.
 P2 charge - uses acoustic effect and tear gas, combination of Tear gas grenade and P1 charge.
 Shot gun - filled with 20 rubber balls (instead of lead bullets).

General charasterictics
 Calibre: 59 mm
 Barrel length: 230 mm
 Weapon length (without shoulder pad): 436 mm
 Weapon length: 711 mm
 Weight: 1,5 kg
 Fire mode: repeating (the gun must be manually reloaded after every shot)
 Cartridge calibre: .357 Magnum blank
 Muzzle velocity: 110 m/s (with thennis ball)
 Rate of fire: 6 rpm
 Muzzle energy: 403 J
 Impact energy (30m): 227 J

Weapons
Law enforcement equipment
Oedema

Oedema (U.S. edema) is dropsy. It was usually called dropsy until about the middle of the 20th century. 

It is a medical condition, and a sign or symptom. It is swelling caused when fluid leaks out of the body's capillaries into the tissues. The fluid builds up and gets trapped in the tissues around the leaking blood vessels.  This causes swelling.  If there is enough swelling, oedema can be seen from outside of the skin.

Oedema can happen in any part of the body.  However, it is easiest to see in the arms and legs, including the hands, ankles, and feet.  Oedema in the arms and legs is called peripheral oedema.

Pulmonary oedema is fluid in the lungs.  Pulmonary oedema is dangerous because having fluid in the lungs makes breathing difficult.  If pulmonary oedema gets bad enough, a person can drown in the fluid.

Oedema in the abdomen is called ascites.

Signs and symptoms
Some of the signs and symptoms of oedema are:
 Swelling or puffiness right under the skin
 Skin that looks stretched or shiny
 Changes in skin color
 Aching arms and legs
 Stiff joints
 Weight gain or weight loss
 Blood pressure and pulse rate that are higher than normal

Oedema in the lungs (pulmonary edema) can make it hard to breathe or cause chest pain.

Causes
Many things can cause oedema.  When oedema is mild (not very serious), the most common causes are:
 Eating too much salt
 Staying still for long periods of time
 Pregnancy
 Side effects from some medication

However, oedema can also be a sign of serious disease.  Diseases that can cause edema include:
 Congestive heart failure (CHF).  In CHF, the heart does not pump hard enough to send blood throughout the body.  This can cause blood to back up in the arms and legs (causing peripheral oedema).  It can also cause fluid to back up in the lungs (pulmonary oedema).
 Liver damage (cirrhosis).  Liver damage can cause fluid to back up in the abdomen (ascites) and the legs.
 Kidney problems.  The kidneys' job is to remove extra fluid from the blood.  If the kidneys are not doing this job, the fluid builds up in other parts of the body.
 Deep vein thrombosis (DVT).  A DVT is a blood clot inside one of the deep veins in the body, usually deep inside the legs.  Oedema in the legs is one sign of DVT.
 Varicose veins.''

Treatment 
If oedema is not very serious, it often goes away on its own.  If a person has mild oedema in an arm or leg, they can often make oedema go away quicker by keeping the arm or leg raised above the level of the heart.

If oedema is more serious, it is treated with medicines called diuretics.  These are medicines which help the body get rid of extra fluid by urinating it out.

If oedema is caused by a disease, that disease needs to be treated.

References

Health problems
Medical signs
National Academy of Engineering

United States National Academy of Engineering (NAE), a private, non-profit institution that was founded in 1964. Election to the NAE is considered the highest achievement in engineering-related fields and often comes as a recognition of a lifetime's worth of accomplishments. The NAE is part of United States National Academies advising the federal government on engineering programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages education and research.

New members of the organization are elected annually by current members composed of senior professionals in business, academia, and government who are among the world’s most accomplished engineers in one or both of the following categories:
 Engineering research, practice, or education, including, where appropriate, significant contributions to the engineering literature.
 Pioneering of new and developing fields of technology, making major advancements in traditional fields of engineering, or developing/implementing innovative approaches to engineering education.

The Academy annually awards three prizes that award $500,000 to the winner. In a sense these constitute the "Nobel Prizes of Engineering."

Notes

Scientific organizations based in the United States
Engineering organizations
Non-profit organizations of the United States
National academies
1964 establishments in the United States
Dianne Wiest

Dianne Wiest (b. March 28, 1948) is an American actress. Her movies include Edward Scissorhands in 1990. She has won two Emmy Awards and two Academy Awards. She was also in other movies, including Footloose and Parenthood.  Wiest was born in Kansas City, Missouri.

She also made a suprise appearance on an american tv-show called Brooklyn Nine-Nine. She later went on to make multiple episodes of her own failing tv-show called "Get rid of that Wiest Infection". She was also the star in multiple weetabix commercials, dubbing them Wiestabix.

References

Other websites

1948 births
Living people
American movie actors
American stage actors
American television actors
Actors from Kansas City, Missouri
Academy Award winning actors
Emmy Award winning actors
Golden Globe Award winning actors
Nissan Altima

The Nissan Altima is a car made by Nissan Motor Company. It was first made in 1993 and has had four generations.  The car won the 2002 North American Car of the Year and the 2010 Altima received the NHTSA's Highest Front- Impact Crash Safety Rating (five stars). There is a hybrid version of the Altima available which was first made in 2007. The car comes in a 4-door sedan and a 2-door coupe.

Other websites
Altima at nissanusa.com

Altima
Coupes
Sedans
1990s automobiles
2000s automobiles
2010s automobiles
National Research Council

National Research Council (NRC) of USA is the working arm of United States National Academies, carrying out most of the studies done in their names. The National Research Council was organized in 1916 in response to the increased need for scientific and technical services caused by World War I.

The president of National Academy of Sciences is the chair of its Governing Board and Executive Committee; the president of the National Academy of Engineering is vice chair. Its members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine.

Other websites
 The National Research Council 
 The Institute of Medicine 

Scientific organizations based in the United States
Engineering organizations
Research organizations in the United States
1916 establishments in the United States
Linas Kleiza

Linas Kleiza (born January 3, 1985 in Kaunas, Lithuania) is a Lithuanian executive, and a former basketball player. 

Kleiza played college basketball with the University of Missouri Tigers. Kleiza was drafted into the NBA by the Portland Trailblazers in 2005, and was traded to the Denver Nuggets. Kleiza played in Denver from 2005 until 2009. In 2010, Kleiza joined the Toronto Raptors. In 2013 Kleiza left Toronto, and went to play for Fenerbahçe Basketball.

He has played for the Lithuanian national basketball team.

References

Other websites
Linas Kleiza's NBA profile

1985 births
Living people
Lithuanian basketball players
Denver Nuggets players
Toronto Raptors players
People from Kaunas
Coxiella

Coxiella refers to a genus of gram-negative bacteria in the family Coxiellaceae. It is named after Harold Herald Rea Cox (1907–1986), an American bacteriologist. Coxiella burnetii is the only member of this genus. It is one of the Gammaproteobacteria.

Gram-negative bacteria
Shewanella

Shewanella is the only genus included in the Shewanellaceae family of marine bacteria. Shewanella is a marine bacterium capable of modifying (or converting to an altered state) metals so they are much less toxic and can break up in the environment.

Gram-negative bacteria
Mary Chapin Carpenter

Mary Chapin Carpenter is an American and Grammy Awards winning folk and country singer and songwriter. Her first record was released in 1987. She has won five Grammy Awards. She has had many hit songs and albums.

Early life
Carpenter was born February 21, 1958 in Princeton, New Jersey.

Discography
Single
"Down at the Twist and Shout" (1991)

Studio albums
Hometown Girl (1987)
State of the Heart (1989)
Shooting Straight in the Dark (1990)
Come On Come On (1992)
Stones in the Road (1994)
A Place in the World (1996)
Time*Sex*Love (2001)
Between Here and Gone (2004)
The Calling (2007)
Come Darkness Come Light : Twelve Songs of Christmas (2008)
The Age of Miracles (2010)
Ashes and Roses (2012)

Related pages
List of country musicians from New Jersey

Country musicians
1958 births
Living people
People from Princeton, New Jersey
Marcia Gay Harden

Marcia Gay Harden (born 14 August 1959) is an American Academy Award winning television, movie and theater actress. She has acted in many television programs and in many movies. She is from La Jolla, San Diego, California.

1959 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
Actors from San Diego, California
Jack Skille

Jack Skille (born May 19, 1987 in Madison, Wisconsin) is an American professional ice hockey right winger. He currently plays for the New York Islanders of the National Hockey League (NHL). He has also played for the Chicago Blackhawks, Florida Panthers, and Columbus Blue Jackets.

Skille was traded to the Florida Panthers, along with Hugh Jessiman and David Pacan for Michael Frolik and the rights to goaltender Alexander Salak on February 9, 2011.

On July 1, 2014, Skille signed one-year, two-way contract with the New York Islanders.

References

Other websites

1987 births
American Hockey League players
American ice hockey players
Chicago Blackhawks players
Columbus Blue Jackets players
Florida Panthers players
Living people
New York Islanders players
People from Madison, Wisconsin
Sportspeople from Wisconsin
Michael Frolík

Michael Frolík (born February 17, 1988 in Kladno, Czechoslovakia) is a professional Czech ice hockey player that currently plays for the Buffalo Sabres of the National Hockey League as a center. He was drafted by the Florida Panthers with the 10th overall pick in the 2006 NHL Draft. He also played for Rabat Kladno of the Czech Extraliga, the Florida Panthers of the NHL from 2008 to 2011 and the Chicago Blackhawks from 2010 to 2013.

Frolík was traded to the Chicago Blackhawks, along with Alexander Salak for Hugh Jessiman and David Pacan on February 9, 2011. On June 24, 2013, He won the Stanley Cup with the Blackhawks after they defeated the Boston Bruins 4 games to 2 in the 2013 Stanley Cup Finals.

During the 2013 NHL Entry draft, the Blackhawks traded Frolík to the Winnipeg Jets in exchange for the 74th and 134th overall picks in the 2013 NHL Entry draft.

References

Other websites

1988 births
Calgary Flames players
Czech ice hockey players
Chicago Blackhawks players
Florida Panthers players
Living people
Rimouski Océanic players
Stanley Cup champions
Winnipeg Jets players
International Commission of Jurists

International Commission of Jurists (ICJ) is a non-governmental organization created at Berlin in 1951 by specialists of law, lawyers or judges for the protection of human rights and rule of law.

The headquarters are in Geneva and has relationships with United Nations, Council of Europe and African Union. This commission has also played an important role in the creation of the International Criminal Court and the Yogyakarta Principles.

From 2008 to 2010, Mary Robinson was the president of this commission.

International organizations
Human rights organizations in Europe
1952 establishments
Paul Bibeault

Joseph Arsine Paul Emile Albert "Babe" Bibeault (April 12, 1919 – August 2, 1970) was a Canadian professional ice hockey goaltender who played in National Hockey League for the Chicago Black Hawks, Montreal Canadiens, Toronto Maple Leafs and Boston Bruins. Bibeault served briefly in the army, after he was discharged he joined the Toronto Maple Leafs in December, on loan for half of the 1943-44 NHL season. Bibeault was part of the 1944 NHL All-Star Team.

Bibeault is in the NHL record book for being one of five goaltending victims of a player’s five goals in a single playoff game.

Bibeault died on August 2, 1970 at the age of 51 after losing a battle with cancer.

Other websites

1956 births
1970 deaths
American Hockey League players
Boston Bruins players
Canadian ice hockey goaltenders
Cancer deaths in Quebec
Chicago Blackhawks players
Ice hockey people from Quebec
Montreal Canadiens players
Sportspeople from Montreal
Toronto Maple Leafs players
International Hockey League (1945–2001) players
Martina McBride

Martina Mariea Schiff (born July 29, 1966), known professionally as Martina McBride, is an American country music singer and songwriter. McBride has been called the "Celine Dion of Country Music" for her big-voiced ballads and soprano range. She debuted around 1992, having five #1 singles between 1995 and 2001 and another during 2003. She has had a string of major hit singles.

Discography
Singles

"Girls Like Me" (2020)

Other songs on music charts
"White Christmas" (2000)
Studio albums
 The Time Has Come (1992)
 The Way That I Am (1993)
 Wild Angels (1995)
 Timeless (1997)
 White Christmas (1998)
 Emotion (1999)
 Martina (2003)
 Timeless (2005)
 Waking Up Laughing (2007)
 Shine (2009)
 Eleven (2011)
 Everlasting (2014)

References

Other websites
Official website

Singers from Kansas
American country musicians
Christian music singers
Musicians from Kansas
Sopranos
1966 births
Living people
Johnny Knoxville

Philip John Clapp (born March 11, 1971), known professionally as Johnny Knoxville, is an American actor, comedian, filmmaker and stunt performer. He is best known for being the co-creator and star of the MTV television series, Jackass.

Filmography

Desert Blues (1995) - Bob
Coyote Ugly (2000) - College Guy
Life Without Dick (2002) - Dick Rasmusson
Big Trouble (2002) - Eddie Leadbetter
Deuces Wild (2002) - Vinnie Fish
Men in Black II (2002) - Scrad/Charlie
Jackass: The Movie (2002) - Himself
Grand Theft Parsons (2003) - Phil Kaufman
Walking Tall (2004) - Ray Templeton
A Dirty Shame (2004) - Ray Ray Perkins
Lords of Dogtown (2005) - Topper Burks
The Dukes of Hazzard (2005) - Luke Duke
Daltry Calhoun (2005) - Daltry Calhoun
The Ringer (2005) - Steve Barker
Jackass Number Two (2006) - Himself
Jackass 2.5 (2007) - Himself
Father of Invention (2010) - Oswald
Jackass 3D (2010) - Himself
Jackass 3.5 (2011) - Himself
The Dry Gulch Kid (2011) - Bobby Ryder 
Movie 43 (2013) - Pete
Jackass Presents: Bad Grandpa (2013) - Irving Zisman

References

Other websites 

1971 births
Living people
Actors from Tennessee
Comedians from Tennessee
American movie actors
American movie producers
American screenwriters
American television actors
American television producers
American television writers
People from Knoxville, Tennessee
Karl von Frisch

Karl Ritter von Frisch (20 November 1886 – 12 June 1982) was an Austrian ethologist who received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1973, jointly with Niko Tinbergen and Konrad Lorenz. 

His work was on the communication and senses of the European honey bee. He was the first to translate the meaning of the waggle dance. By doing the dance when they come back to the hive, honey bees indicated where they have found nectar, and other details.

His theory was disputed by other scientists and greeted with skepticism at the time. Only recently was it definitively proved to be an accurate theoretical analysis.

Bee perception 

Sense of smell: Frisch discovered that bees can distinguish various blossoming plants by their scent, and that each bee is “flower constant”.45–51

Polarization pattern: Light scattered in a blue sky forms a pattern of partially polarized ultraviolet light. This depends on the position of the sun, and is invisible to human eyes. Each lens unit of a compound eye has a UV receptor, and a UV filter oriented differently in each of these units, so a bee is able to detect this polarization pattern. A small piece of blue sky is enough for a bee to recognize the pattern changes occurring over the course of a day. This provides not only directional but also information on the time of day.

Variations in the daytime position of the sun: Karl von Frisch proved that variations in the position of the sun gave bees with a tool for navigation. They use this capability to get information on the progress of the day deep inside a dark beehive. This makes it possible for the bees to convey up-to-date directional information during their waggle dance, without having to make a comparison with the sun during long dance phases. 

Internal clock: Bees have an internal clock with three different synchronization or timekeeping mechanisms. If a bee knows the direction to a feeding place found during a morning excursion, it can also find the same location, as well as the precise time at which this source provides food, in the afternoon, based on the position of the sun.137–147

Waggle dance 
A simple dance called “round dance” is used for nearby flowers. It means "there is a feeding place near the beehive at 50 to 100 meters". Blossom scent would also be picked up. 

The waggle dance proper is used to give the directions to a source further away. Other bees follow her as she dances, keeping in touch with their antennae. The dance takes a figure of eight, with variations such as angle and vigour of wiggles. The communication is apparently quite effective.

References 

1886 births
1982 deaths
Academics
Beekeepers
Scientists from Vienna
Zoologists
Austrian Nobel Prize winners
Ethologists
Austrian biologists
Tyler Seguin

Tyler Seguin (born January 31, 1992 in Brampton, Ontario) is a Canadian professional ice hockey center for the Dallas Stars of the National Hockey League (NHL).

He was selected by the Boston Bruins with the 2nd overall pick in the 2010 NHL Entry Draft. He played 2 seasons in the OHL with the Plymouth Whalers. Seguin has also played in the NHL for the Boston Bruins for 3 seasons. During his time with the Bruins, he won the Stanley Cup on June 15, 2011 when they defeated the Vancouver Canucks in game 7 by a score of 4-0. On July 4, 2013, he was traded by the Bruins along with Rich Peverley, and Ryan Button to the Dallas Stars for Loui Eriksson, along with Reilly Smith, Matt Fraser, and Joe Morrow.

He won a gold medal in the 2009 Ivan Hlinka Memorial Tournament in Slovakia and a gold medal in the 2009 World U-17 Hockey Challenge in British Columbia.

Awards 
He won the Spengler Cup in 2012.
He won the Boston Bruins 7th Player Award in 2012.
He played in the 2012 NHL All-Star Game
Stanley Cup (2011) - with the Boston Bruins
He won the Eddie Powers Memorial Trophy for highest scorer in the Ontario Hockey League, alongside Taylor Hall of the Windsor Spitfires (2009–10)
He won the Red Tilson Trophy for the most outstanding player in the Ontario Hockey League (2009-10)
He won the CHL Top Draft Prospect Award as the top eligible prospect for the NHL Entry Draft from the Canadian Hockey League.
He won the gold medal in the 2009 Ivan Hlinka Memorial Tournament in Slovakia
He won the gold medal in the 2009 World U-17 Hockey Challenge in British Columbia.

References

Other websites 
 

Boston Bruins players
Canadian ice hockey centres
Dallas Stars players
Ice hockey people from Ontario
Living people
1992 births
Ontario Hockey League players
Jeff Skinner

Jeffrey Skinner (born May 16, 1992 in Markham, Ontario) is a Canadian professional ice hockey centre for the Carolina Hurricanes of the National Hockey League (NHL). He was picked by the Carolina Hurricanes with the seventh overall pick in the 2010 NHL Entry Draft. He played in the OHL with the Kitchener Rangers. He was currently the youngest hockey player in the NHL during the 2010-11 season.

Awards 
He was a NHL All-Star in 2011 becoming the youngest All-Star selection ever in the four major North American sports (baseball, basketball, American football, ice hockey).
He won the Calder Trophy in 2011.
He was named Sporting News Rookie of The Year.
He was named The Hockey News Rookie of the Year.

Other websites 
Jeff Skinner's NHL Player Page

1992 births
Canadian ice hockey centres
Carolina Hurricanes players
Living people
Ice hockey people from Ontario
Calder Trophy winners
Ontario Hockey League players
Haley Joel Osment

Haley Joel Osment (born April 10, 1988) is an American actor and voice artist. He was born in Los Angeles, California. He is the brother of Emily Osment. He had many television and movie roles throughout the 1990s. He is best known for starring in movies including Forrest Gump (1994) and The Sixth Sense (1999).

Other websites 

Actors from Los Angeles
American child actors
American movie actors
American television actors
American video game actors
American voice actors
1988 births
Living people