cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Gateshead F.C.

Gateshead F.C. is an association football team who are from North East England.  They are an professional club.

Their supporters, known as Tynesiders, number in the hundreds.

South Shields to Gateshead 
During the early years of the English Football League, South Shields played in the league, finishing as high as sixth in the Second Division. However problems with money saw them move the short distance between to Gateshead. Gateshead became an established team in the Football League's bottom division, coming close to promotion twice. But in 1960, they were controversially voted out of the league, to be replaced by Peterborough United F.C.. The team never really recovered and entered administration in 1974.

Recent History 
A successor to Gateshead were soon founded, and attempted to join the Scottish Football League, but they did not get enough votes. This new team also went out of business. But once again, the people of South Shields saved Gateshead and in 1977 the current Gateshead side moved to the town. Gateshead have since moved between the Northern Premier League and the Football Conference. Under Gary Mills, they were able to reach the playoff final but Cambridge beat them to end their hopes of return to the League. Since then a more mellow patch followed.

Other websites
Official Gateshead F.C. website

English football clubs
Ragdoll Productions

Ragdoll Productions (or Ragdoll Ltd.)  (and Ragdoll Productions Animations.) is a British company that produces children's television shows. It was founded by Anne Wood in 1984, who later made many of their successful television series, seen (in the case of Teletubbies) in 111 countries and translated into 41 languages.

Other websites 
Ragdoll's Web site

1984 establishments in the United Kingdom
Companies of the United Kingdom
Television
Melody Time

Melody Time is the 10th animated movie in the Disney animated features canon, produced by Walt Disney Productions and first released to theatres by RKO Radio Pictures on May 27, 1948 . Melody Time was first released on home video on June 2, 1998, under the Walt Disney Masterpiece Collection title. Its next, and so far last, release was on June 6, 2000 on DVD under the Walt Disney Gold Classic Collection title.

Cast 
 Roy Rogers - Himself; Narrator; Singer (Pecos Bill)
 Trigger, the Smartest Horse in the Movies - Himself
 Dennis Day - Narrator; Singer; Characters (Johnny Appleseed)
 The Andrews Sisters - Singers (Little Toot)
 Fred Waring and the Pennsylvanians - Singers (Trees)
 Freddy Martin - Music composer (Bumble Boogie)
 Ethel Smith - Organist (Blame It On the Samba)
 Frances Langford - Singer (Once Upon a Wintertime)
 Buddy Clark - Singer; Narrator
 Bob Nolan - Himself; Singer; Narrator (Pecos Bill)
 Sons of the Pioneers - Themselves; Singers; Narrators (Pecos Bill)
 The Dinning Sisters - Singers (Blame It On the Samba)
 Bobby Driscoll - Himself (Pecos Bill)
 Luana Patten - Herself (Pecos Bill)

Worldwide release dates 
 Brazil: July 2, 1948
 Argentina: May 16, 1949
 Mexico: May 4, 1950
 U.K.: January 30, 1951
 Sweden: April 16, 1951
 Italy: June 6, 1951
 France: August 3, 1951
 West Germany: August 9, 1952
 Spain: January 18, 1953
 Finland: April 17, 1953
 Norway: March 16, 1954
 Egypt: August 11, 1955
 Philippines: May 5, 1957
 Argentina in Chile: December 20, 1957
 Hong Kong: October 11, 1958
 USSR: October 15, 1960
 Jordan: September 17, 1965
 Vietnam: December 24, 1983

Rereleased 
 June 23, 1950
 November 23, 1956
 July 26, 1963
 December 17, 1969
 June 13, 1975
 May 15, 1981
 June 19, 1987
 June 25, 1993

Titles in other languages 
 
 
  ( in  French Canada)
  (also known as Donald's Hit Parade)
 
 Japanese: メロディ・タイム (Merodi Taimu)
  (Portugal);  (Brazil)
  (Spain);  (Latin America)
  (also known as  and as )

Other websites

References 

1948 movies
Disney animated movies
English-language movies
American family movies
American musical movies
Movies composed by Oliver Wallace
American drama movies
1940s comedy movies
Fantasy movies
Antimetabole

An antimetabole is the identical or near repetition of words in one phrase or clause, in reverse order in the next phrase or clause. For example, US President John F. Kennedy used an antimetabole in this famous statement: "Ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country".

References

Linguistics
Karachi Division

Karachi Division () is an administrative division of the Sindh Province of Pakistan.

The Karachi Division was abolished in 2000 and five districts of Karachi were merged in City District Karachi.

On 11 July 2011, Sindh Government restored again 5 districts of Karachi division.

In November 2013, a new district (6th), Korangi was formed by splitting District Karachi East.

References

 
Divisions of British India
Santa Margarita River

The Santa Margarita River is a river in southern California, between Los Angeles and San Diego. It is about  long. It begins in the Santa Ana Mountains and flows west to the Pacific Ocean, at the Gulf of Santa Catalina.

Nearby rivers

North along coast
San Juan Creek

South along coast
San Luis Rey River

Rivers of California
Riverside County, California
San Diego County, California
Ray Comfort

Ray Comfort (born December 5, 1949) is a New Zealand-born American Christian minister and evangelist of Jewish descent. He started Living Waters Publications and The Way of the Master, with Kirk Cameron, and has written many books.

Publications
 You Can Lead an Atheist to Evidence, But You Can't Make Him Think. WND Books (February 12, 2009) 
 The Charles Darwin Bible (HCSB) (2009)
 The Atheist Bible (HCSB) (2009)
 Comfort Food (2008)
 World Religions in a Nutshell: A Compact Guide to Reaching Those of Other Faith (2008)
 101 of the Dumbest Things People Have Done (2008)
 Evolution: A Fairy Tale for Grownups (2008)
 How to Know God Exists: Scientific Proof of God (2008)
 Hollywood Be Thy Name. Bridge-Logos Publishers (July 1, 2007)   
 Intelligent Design vs. Evolution - Letters to an Atheist (2006), a collection of correspondence between Comfort and James D. Franz, an American atheist.
 Springboards for Budding Preachers (2006), a transcript of Comfort open-air preaching with his son-in-law Emeal "EZ" Zwayne.
 The Way of the Master. Genesis Publishing Group (2006) (previously 2004 by Tyndale House)
 The Way of the Master Minute. (co-author Kirk Cameron) Bridge-Logos Publishers (April 8, 2006)  
 How to Live Forever ... Without Being Religious (2006), a version of the Gospel of John with Comfort's commentary.
 Whitefield Gold: Pure. Refined. (compiled by Comfort) (2006)
 Spurgeon Gold: Pure. Refined. (compiled by Comfort) (2005)
 Overcoming Panic Attacks. Bridge-Logos (July 11, 2005)  
 What Did Jesus Do? A Call to Return to the Biblical Gospel (2005)
 How to Bring Your Children to Christ ... and Keep Them There (2005)
 What Hollywood Believes: An Intimate Look at the Faith of the Famous. Genesis Pub. (August 25, 2004)   
 Hell's Best Kept Secret. Whitaker House (December 1989, updated 2004)  
 Scientific Facts in the Bible: 100 Reasons to Believe the Bible is Supernatural in Origin. Bridge-Logos Publishers (October 15, 2001)  
 The School of Biblical Evangelism Textbook (2004)
 101 Things Husbands Do to Annoy Their Wives (2004)
 Out of the Comfort Zone: The Authorized Autobiography. Bridge-Logos Publishers (May 2004)  
 God Doesn't Believe in Atheists (1993, 2001)  
 The Mystery (2000)
 How to Win Souls and Influence People. Bridge-Logos Publishers (October 1999)

References

Other websites 

 LivingWaters.com, the ministry of Ray Comfort – official website.
 Ray Comfort Food – official blog
 The Way of the Master – the website for his ministry with Kirk Cameron.
 
 Christian Evangelist's Book Ranked Bestselling 'Atheist' Item at The Christian Post

1949 births
Living people
American Evangelicals
Christian ministers
Christian writers
Evangelists
Jewish American writers
Naturalized citizens of the United States
Oceanic Jews
People from Christchurch
Flaming Gorge Dam

The Flaming Gorge Dam is a concrete-arch dam on the Green River in Utah, in the United States. Built in 1958-1964, the dam is  tall,  long, and  thick. It is one of the biggest dams in the United States. Its reservoir, the Flaming Gorge Reservoir, is about  long, and covers 42,000 acres (170 square kilometers). The dam was built for water storage and hydroelectric power, and it produces about 152 megawatts of electricity.

References

Dams in the United States
Buildings and structures in Utah
20th-century establishments in Utah

en:Flaming Gorge Dam
Salton Sea

The Salton Sea is a large inland endorheic lake in the United States state of California. It is approximately  long from north to south, and  wide from east to west. It is well below sea level, with its surface elevation at , and its deepest part is  deep. The New River and Alamo River flow in from the south, while the Whitewater River flows in from the north. It was created in 1905, when heavy rain flooded the Colorado River and caused it to flow into the basin that now holds the Salton Sea.

References 
Salton Sea description

Lakes of the United States
Bodies of water of California
Imperial County, California
Riverside County, California
Great Salt Lake

The Great Salt Lake is a very large saltwater lake in the United States. It is in the state of Utah. It is an endorheic lake, meaning that the water in it does not flow to the ocean. It is one of the biggest endorheic lakes in the world. The lake is in the Great Basin, a large area of desert terrain covering parts of the states of Nevada, Utah, Idaho, California, and Arizona. It is many times saltier than the average of the world's oceans.

The lake is about  long and  wide. Its surface area averages , but because of its desert location, its size changes very often. The three major rivers that flow into it are the Jordan, Weber, and Bear rivers. Because of its similarity to the Dead Sea in Asia, it has been called "America's Dead Sea". However, the lake is a rich habitat for many species of birds, shrimp, and other animals.

The lakeshore borders Davis, Tooele, Box Elder, Salt Lake, and Weber counties, all in the state of Utah.

References

Other websites

 Great Salt Lake - Detailed Information Utah.com
 United States Geological Survey map of the Great Salt Lake
 Great Salt Lake Photographic Survey 

Lakes of the United States
Geography of Utah
Rainy Lake

Rainy Lake () is a lake on the border of the United States and Canada. The lake is about  long and  wide, covering about 345 square miles (894 square kilometers). The Rainy River flows from the west side of the lake, and is a source of hydroelectric power for the city of International Falls. Other than electric power generation, Rainy Lake's waters are also a popular boating and fishing spot.

References 

Lakes of the United States
Lakes of Canada
Roy McKie

Roy McKie is the illustrator, the person who drew the pictures, of most of the Dr. Seuss books. The books were written by Theodor Geisel.

Year of birth missing (living people)
American illustrators
Sika deer

The sika deer (Cervus nippon) is a member of the deer family Cervidae. It lives in East Asia. It is found in mixed deciduous forests to the north, and mixed subtropical deciduous and evergreen forests to the south.

Distribution 
Sika deer are native to Taiwan to Japan, but they have been introduced to many parks in Europe. In the UK, there are large populations in Ireland and Scotland and there are patchy populations scattered across England.

Sources

Mammals of Asia
Tulsa Public Schools

Tulsa Public Schools is the public school system for the city of Tulsa, Oklahoma.  

Schools in the Tulsa school system include:

Elementary Schools:

Eliot Elementary

Eisenhower Elementary

Patrick Henry Elementary

Barnard Elementary

Middle Schools:

Edison Middle School

Carver Middle School

High Schools:

Memorial High School

McClain High School

Edison High School

Booker T. Washington High School

Hale High School

Central

Project 12

http://www.tulsaschools.org/

Oklahoma
Stubs
Zenobia (plant)

Zenobia is a genus of small shrubs in the family Ericaceae. There is only one species in this genus — Zenobia pulverulenta from  bogs of south-east of USA. The common English name of this plant is Honeycup.

It is an evergreen plant with blue-green leaves and small white flowers in the shape of bells.

The genus was named in honour of Zenobia Septimia (240 — after 274), Queen of Palmira.

Honeycup is cultivated as a garden plant.

References

Other websites 

 Germplasm Resources Information Network: Zenobia (plant) 
 Germplasm Resources Information Network: Zenobia pulverulenta 
 ITIS: Zenobia (plant)
 NCBI: Zenobia (plant)
 USDA Plants Profile: Zenobia pulverulenta

Ericaceae
Shrubs
City of London School

The City of London School (CLS) is a private school for boys, aged 10 to 18, next to the River Thames in the City of London. It was established in 1442. It is the brother school of the City of London School for Girls (a girls' school within the City) and of the City of London Freemen's School (a day and boarding school in Surrey).  Most boys enter the school at 11 and fewer enter at 10 and 13. There is a small intake at 16 into the sixth form.

1442 establishments
1440s establishments in England
Schools in London
Pedro Antonio de Alarcón

Pedro Antonio de Alarcón (10 March 1833 – 19 July 1891) was a Spanish writer. He was born in Guadix, near Granada. He was a 19th century novelist. He gained his first literary recognition with A Witness' Diary of the African War (1859-1860), a patriotic account of the campaign.

Spanish writers
1833 births
1891 deaths
Bobby Moore

Robert Frederick Chelsea "Bobby" Moore (12 April 1941 - 24 February 1993) was an English former footballer. He was best known for playing for West Ham United and England national team. He was the captain of England when they won the World Cup in 1966. He played 108 games for England between 1962 and 1973. When he retired, this was a national record. Only Peter Shilton and David Beckham have since played more games for England. He is regarded as one of the greatest defender of all time. He died of colorectal cancer in Wandsworth, London.

Club career statistics

|-
|1958/59||rowspan="16"|West Ham United||rowspan="16"|First Division||5||0
|-
|1959/60||13||0
|-
|1960/61||38||1
|-
|1961/62||41||3
|-
|1962/63||41||3
|-
|1963/64||37||2
|-
|1964/65||28||1
|-
|1965/66||37||0
|-
|1966/67||40||2
|-
|1967/68||40||4
|-
|1968/69||41||2
|-
|1969/70||40||1
|-
|1970/71||39||2
|-
|1971/72||40||1
|-
|1972/73||42||3
|-
|1973/74||22||0
|-
|1973/74||rowspan="3"|Fulham||rowspan="3"|Second Division||10||1
|-
|1974/75||41||0
|-
|1975/76||33||0

|-
|1976||San Antonio Thunder||NASL||24||1

|-
|1976/77||Fulham||Second Division||40||0

|-
|1978||Seattle Sounders||NASL||7||0
668||25
31||1
699||26
|}

International career statistics

|-
|1962||8||0
|-
|1963||9||0
|-
|1964||9||0
|-
|1965||9||0
|-
|1966||15||2
|-
|1967||6||0
|-
|1968||9||0
|-
|1969||9||0
|-
|1970||11||0
|-
|1971||7||0
|-
|1972||6||0
|-
|1973||10||0
|-
!Total||108||2
|}

References 

1941 births
1993 deaths
1962 FIFA World Cup players
1966 FIFA World Cup players
1970 FIFA World Cup players
Cancer deaths in England
Deaths from colorectal cancer
English footballers
English football managers
Sportspeople from Essex
Wat Tyler

Wat Tyler (4 January 1341 – 15 June 1381) was the leader of the English Peasant's Revolt of 1381. He died on 15 June 1381 at the meeting at Smithfield with the fourteen year old King Richard II. First, he was hit by William Walworth, mayor of London, and then one of the king's squires stabbed him in the stomach, killing him.

References 

1341 births
1381 deaths
Deaths by blade weapons
Murder victims
People from Kent
San Juan Province (Dominican Republic)

San Juan is a Dominican province, in the western part of the country. Its capital city is San Juan de la Maguana.

Name
The province is named after its capital city, San Juan de la Maguana. San Juan is short for San Juan Bautista (Saint John the Baptist).

History
Since colonial times, the territory was part of Azua province until the dictator, Rafael Trujillo, made this province in 1938 with the name Benefactor with the municipalities of Las Matas de Farfán y El Cercado. Bohechío was made a municipality in 1974, Vallejuelo in 1978 and Juan de Herrera in 1992.

In 1998, Matayaya became a municipal district; Pedro Corto in 2000; Sabaneta, Arroyo Cano and Yaque in 2004; Carrera de Yeguas, Sabana Alta, El Rosario, Hato del Padre, Guanito, La Jagua, Derrumbadero and Batista in 2005; Las Maguanas-Hato Nuevo, Las Charcas de María Nova, Jinova and Jorjillo in 2006; and Las Zanjas in 2007.

Location
The San Juan province has Santiago Rodríguez and Santiago provinces to the north, Azua province (and a short part of La Vega) to the east, Baoruco province to the south and Elías Piña province to the west.

Population
In  (last national census), there were  people living in the San Juan province, and 139,620 () living in towns and cities. The population density was  persons/km².

Its population represents  of the total population of the country and the province is ranked as the 11th (out of 31 plus the National District) more populated province.

, the total estimated propulation of the province is 226,484 inhabitants.

The largest city of the province is San Juan de la Maguana, its head municipality or capital, with an urban population (in ) of 71,494 inhabitants.

Geography
The San Juan province has a total area of . It has  of the area of the Dominican Republic and it is ranked as the 1st (out of 31 plus the National District) largest province.

The altitude of the provincial capital, San Juan de la Maguana, is  above sea level.

Mountains
The Cordillera Central ("Central mountain chain") is in the northern part of the province, and the Sierra de Neiba runs across the southern half. The area between those two mountain ranges is the San Juan valley, which the Taínos call Maguana, meaning "small valley".

The highest mountain in the province is Pico Duarte, with 3,087 m. It is the highest mountain in the West Indies and is on the border with Santiago province.

Rivers
The main rivers of the province are the San Juan and Yaque del Sur rivers.

Climate
The climate of the province is a tropical climate, hot most of the year, but it is cooler in the mountains.

Municipalities
There are 6 municipalities and 17 municipal districts (M.D.) in the province.

Economy
The main economic activity of the province is farming; the main products are rice, maize, peanut, sorghum and beans.

References

Provinces of the Dominican Republic
1938 establishments in the Dominican Republic
San Luis Rey River

The San Luis Rey River is a river in the southern part of the U.S. state of California. It begins in the Cleveland National Forest, near a mountain called Palomar Mountain, in several forks. It flows south into a reservoir, called Lake Henshaw. It then turns west and flows to its mouth at the Pacific Ocean. Altogether, it is about  long. Its watershed covers an area of 562 square miles. The lower part of the river is polluted, but the water in the upper part of the river can be used for drinking water.

Nearby rivers

North along coast
 Santa Margarita River

South along coast
 San Diego River

Rivers of California
San Diego County, California
Forth Rail Bridge

For the nearby road bridge, see Forth Road Bridge.

The Forth Rail Bridge is more correctly called the Forth Bridge, but the title is to distinguish it from the nearby Forth Road Bridge). It is a railway bridge across the Firth of Forth (part of the River Forth) in Scotland.

The bridge is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

History
Built in 1890, it is a cantilever bridge design, with three major sections, each about  long, connecting to each other. The bridge is  long, and is  above the water. It carries about 190-200 trains every day.

More than 55,000 tons of steel were used, as well as 18,122 m³ of granite and over eight million rivets. The bridge has a speed limit of 50 mph (80 km/h) for passenger trains and 20 mph (32 km/h) for freight trains. The weight limit for any train on the bridge is 1,422 tonnes (1,442,000 kg). Approximately 4,600 workers were employed in construction of the bridge.

Related pages 
List of World Heritage Sites of the United Kingdom

References

Other websites

  Forth Rail Bridge  

Bridges in Scotland
Steel bridges
Cantilever bridges
Buildings and structures in Scotland
1890 establishments in the United Kingdom
1890s establishments in Scotland
New River

The New River is a north-flowing river that flows from Mexico into southern California.
The New River flows north 15 miles (25 km) through Mexico and another 66 miles (100 km) through California into the Salton Sea, the largest lake in California. It is one of the most polluted rivers in the United States.

Rivers of California
Rivers of Mexico
Imperial County, California
Gravitational wave

Gravitational waves are ripples in spacetime which are created whenever objects with mass move. They were predicted by Albert Einstein in 1916 on the basis of his theory of general relativity. They were first directly detected on 14 September 2015.

To make gravity waves strong enough to be detected, something very massive must accelerate very fast. Sources of detectable gravitational waves include binary star systems composed of white dwarfs, neutron stars, or black holes.

Gravity and relativity 
In physics, gravitational waves are ripples in the curvature of spacetime that travel outward from the source. Albert Einstein predicted them in 1916 on the basis of his theory of general relativity. In theory, gravitational waves transport energy as gravitational radiation.  

In general relativity, gravitational waves cannot travel faster than the speed of light. They do not exist in the Newtonian theory of gravitation, in which physical interactions propagate at infinite speed. However, the detection of gravitational waves proves the last prediction of Einstein’s general theory of relativity.

In 1993, the Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded for measurements of the Hulse-Taylor binary star system that suggests gravitational waves are more than mathematical anomalies.

Collision of neutron stars 
Gravitational waves have been detected from the collision and merging of two neutron stars. The first detection was on 17 August 2017 by a team in Pasadena, California.

The project is run by the LIGO Laboratory at Caltech. The detector is in the huge Livingston woodland in Louisiana. The detector is two two and a half mile (~4 km) long completely straight pipelines at right angles. Inside each pipe is a laser which measures any change in length. Once the gravity wave event was detected, telescopes searched for visual images of the cause. The VISTA telescope in Chile got the image.

The merging happened in a galaxy called NGC 4993. This is about 40 mega parsecs or 130 mega light years away in the direction of the Constellation Hydra. By comparison, the nearby Andromeda Galaxy is only 2.5 million light years from Earth.

"It happened 130 million years ago - when dinosaurs roamed the Earth. It was so far away that the light and gravitational waves have only just reached us".

Such events, as well as supernovas, are the sources of heavier elements such as gold and platinum.

References 

Relativity
Wave physics
Binary stars
Gravitation
Astrophysics
Silver Street railway station

Silver Street is a railway station in Sterling Way, Edmonton in North London, close to Fore Street.

The next station away from London is Edmonton Green and the next towards London is White Hart Lane. Trains terminate at Liverpool Street station in the City of London.

References

Other websites

Railway stations in the London Borough of Enfield
London Travelcard zone 3
Railway stations served by National Express East Anglia
Rock pigeon

The rock pigeon (otherwise known as a rock dove or common pigeon) (Columba livia) is a member of the bird family Columbidae, commonly referred to as simply pigeons. They can be seen scrounging around dumpsters, picking up French fries dropped near the door to a fast food restaurant, and begging from picnickers in the park. They have long necks.

Columbiformes
Twelfth Night

Twelfth Night, Or What You Will is a play written by William Shakespeare. It is a comedy.

Plot
Orsino, the Duke of lllyria, is in love with the Countess Olivia. She is not dating men for seven years because of the death of her brother, so she turns him down. Meanwhile,  Viola was shipwrecked in Illyria but she has been rescued by a captain. She has lost her twin brother, Sebastian. She dresses herself as a boy and uses the name Cesario, so she can get work as a page for Orsino. As Orsino's page, Viola is sent to Olivia with love letters. Viola finds out, to her dismay, that Olivia has fallen for her (as a boy) rather than Duke Orsino.  Also, Viola has already fallen in love with the Duke.

Sebastian (Viola's twin, thought to be dead) comes ashore in Illyria. He thinks Viola has drowned in the shipwreck. A man named Antonio has rescued him from the surf; at some risk to himself, because Antonio fought against the Duke at one time. Meanwhile, in Olivia's house, Sir Toby Belch (her cousin) has tricked Sir Andrew Aguecheek into supporting him, by convincing him that he could be a suitor for Olivia. So with the help of Maria, Olivia's maid, and Feste, a clown, Belch plots to make a fool of the steward. Maria writes a love letter to Malvolio that will make him think Olivia has fallen for him. Malvolio falls for the joke and dresses crazily as the letter says to. Not knowing it is a joke, the Countess is horrified and has Malvolio locked away as a madman. 

Belch tries to get Sir Andrew to fight a duel with Viola's "Cesario" character as she leaves but Olivia has a crush on Cesario. Viola and Sir Andrew prepare for a duel that neither one wants. Antonio intervenes to defend Cesario, because he thinks he is his friend Sebastian, and is arrested for piracy against Orsino. Olivia has become engaged to Sebastian. Viola still does not recognize Antonio. Later, Belch and Sir Andrew talk to Sebastian, who does not back down from Aguecheek when challenged and beats him in the duel. Meanwhile, Olivia has met and become engaged to Sebastian.

Antonio is brought before the Duke for questioning, and Viola tells all about the duel. Antonio tells everyone how he dragged "this man" from the surf, saving his life. Then Olivia comes in, searching for her new husband, which she thinks is Viola. Adding to this confusion, Belch and Aguecheek enter claiming that Viola/Cesario has violently assaulted them. In the midst of Viola's denials, Sebastian shows up. The brother and sister recognize one another and are reunited. Sebastian helps to explain the confusion over who fought and married who. 

In the end, Orsino and Viola are in love. Olivia and Sebastian are happily wed, and Olivia fusses at Belch and Maria for their abuse of Malvolio, who vows to get even. Belch agrees to wed Maria to make up for getting her in trouble. Everyone, except unhappy Malvolio, lives happily ever after. Orsino welcomes Olivia and Sebastian and he now realises he is attracted to Cesario. He promises to marry her as soon as she is dressed as a woman again.

Plays by William Shakespeare
Hinckley

Hinckley is a town in the Leicestershire.

References

Towns in Leicestershire
Quokka

The quokka (Setonix brachyurus) is a small marsupial about the size of a large cat. Like other animals in the macropod family, such as kangaroos and wallabies, the quokka  eats grass and small plants, and is mainly nocturnal. It lives on some small islands off the coast of Western Australia, mainly on Rottnest Island near Perth, and Bald Island near Albany. A small number live on the main land in the protected area of Two Peoples Bay, which they share with Gilbert's Potoroo. The quokka is the only member of the genus Setonix.

Description 
The quokka weighs between  and . It is around  long with a  tail. This is short for a macropod. It has a solid build, rounded ears, and a short, broad head. It looks like a very small, fat kangaroo, but it can climb small trees and shrubs. It has rough fur which is a brown colour, fading to pale brown underneath. The quokka eats a small amount of its waste products.
It is about the size of a domestic cat.

Behaviour 
The quokka is a social animal and lives in large groups. They eat grass, sedges, succulents and leaves. They can become very sick if fed with things like bread, given to them by visitors to Rottnest Island. Visitors are now told not to feed them. Quokkas breed at any time on the mainland, but in late summer on Rottnest. The female quokka has two babies (called joeys) in a year.

The quokka moves in the same way as a kangaroo, using both small and large hops.

Quokkas and people 
Quokkas are not scared of people, so you are able to get quite close to them, particularly on Rottnest Island. It is against the law on Rottnest Island to handle or touch the animals in any way. A A$100 fine can be given by the Rottnest Island Authority for picking up a quokka. People can even be taken to court and get a fine of up to $1000. These fines have been used in some unusual cases where quokka have been hurt or killed by visitors to Rottnest.

Status 
There are a lot of quokkas living on the small offshore islands, because this is only a small area they are listed as vulnerable. On the mainland, they are attacked by dingoes, as well as introduced animals like foxes, dogs and cats. They also need thick ground cover for shelter. Farming has cleared much of the land which is another reason the species is threatened.

European discovery 
The quokka was one of the first Australian mammals seen by Europens. The Dutch sailor, Samuel Volckertzoon wrote about seeing a "a wild cat" on Rottnest Island in 1658. In 1696, Willem de Vlamingh thought they were rats and named the island "Rottenest", Dutch for "rat nest".

Name 
The word quokka is comes from a Nyungar word, which was probably gwaga.

References

Other websites 
 

Macropods
Marsupials of Australia
Salzburgerland

Salzburgerland or Salzburg (; ; literally "Salt Fortress"; ), officially Land Salzburg, (German: Land Salzburg, East Central Austro-Bavarian: Laund Soizbuerg) is one of the states of Austria. It has  and about 546,000 inhabitants (2016). Its capital city is Salzburg.

Politics 

The last results  were:

 ÖVP: 11 seats (-3)
 SPÖ: 9 seats (-6)
 GRÜNE: 7 seats (+5)
 FPÖ: 6 seats (+1)
 Team Stronach: 3 seats (+3)

Total 36 seats.

History 
In the Modern Era Salzburg was an independent state.

Language 
Austrian German is the main written language. Austro-Bavarian language is also spoken, especially in the rural areas.

Administrative divisions 
Salzburger Land has six districts, (Bezirke or Gaue):

 Pinzgau 
 Pongau 
 Lungau 
 Tennengau 
 Flachgau
 Salzburg

Important cities and towns 

Settlements in Salzburgerland with town privileges:

  Salzburg (pop. 148,521)
  Hallein (20,022)
  Saalfelden (16,046)
  Sankt Johann im Pongau (10,740)
  Bischofshofen (10,352)
  Zell am See (9,683)

  Seekirchen (9,945)
  Neumarkt am Wallersee (5,846)
  Oberndorf bei Salzburg (5,600)
  Mittersill (5,443)
  Radstadt (4,864)

Notes

References
A Mathematician's Apology

A Mathematician's Apology is a book about mathematics which was written in 1940.

Overview 
It was written by a British mathematician called G. H. Hardy (1877—1947).  He used the essay to try to justify spending his life working on mathematics.  It is said he wrote it for two reasons:
He was getting old and found it more difficult to work on mathematics.  He spent time writing the essay instead because discovering new mathematical ideas was now too hard for him.
He believed that mathematics should be investigated for interest, instead of for making other things like weapons.

References 

G. H. Hardy, A Mathematician's Apology, Cambridge University Press (1940). 153 pages. .

Non-fiction books
Mathematics literature
White Hart Lane railway station

White Hart Lane station in Tottenham, (London) was originally a station on the Stoke Newington & Edmonton Railway. The station opened on 22 July 1872. It is now operated by London Overground. It is in London Travelcard Zone 3. It is on the Seven Sisters branch of the Lea Valley Lines.

It is close to the football ground belonging to Tottenham Hotspur F.C..

References

Other websites

Railway stations in the London Borough of Haringey
Transport in the London Borough of Haringey
Railway stations served by National Express East Anglia
1872 establishments in England
Railway stations opened in 1872
Bruce Grove railway station

Bruce Grove railway station in Tottenham was originally a station on the Stoke Newington & Edmonton Railway. It opened on 22 July 1872 .

It is not far from Bruce Castle.

References

Other websites 

  

Railway stations in the London Borough of Haringey
Transport in the London Borough of Haringey
Railway stations opened in 1872
1872 establishments in England
Public transport in Enfield

Public transport in the London Borough of Enfield, which is northeast of the centre of London, is a mix of National Rail, London Underground and London Buses services. The group that is responsible for transport here is Transport for London. The local authority is Enfield London Borough Council.

Railways
The following railway stations are in the borough of Enfield.

Other websites
North East London Bus Map
List of London railway stations



Scope
This list, by their present names, of heavy rail passenger stations in the Greater London region excludes stations served only by the London Underground, Tramlink and Docklands Light Railway systems.

Other station lists for the area (whose limits are a matter of debate, see this article's Talk) are:
Closed railway stations in London,
London station group = Main central area stations grouped for interchange and ticketing, and 
London Underground and Docklands Light Railway stations.
All railway stations in and around London are shown on the non-geographic copyright London Connections map.  
All in the smaller area served by Transport for London are shown on the similar map.
For railway stations in the United Kingdom generally, see here.
 
For simplicity only major place names and lines are given, to help locate the stations. A line listed may neither serve passengers nor access platforms. Two lines are given for a station only if they do not connect and are not essentially collinear. Each station's linked article gives more detailed information, including services.

Repeated links (overlinkage) in this, a list, allows finding linked articles and expanding abbreviations without scrolling searches.

For compactness some abbreviations (e.g. N, S, E, W, M(ain)) are used. Roll over or click to see the full name.

Official names 
Official names by this site  for Blackfriars, Waterloo East and eleven absolute termini (which means "route ends") (not Moorgate) all start with "London". The thirteen are prefixed with asterisks in the list. Programs such as Travel planners require the "London" inconsistently. Queenstown Road is labelled "Queenstown Road (Battersea)" on maps and timetables, though its name is unique within London.



Related pages
 List of London Underground stations
 List of Docklands Light Railway stations

Sources 
 Borley, H.V. (1982) Chronology of London Railways. Railway and Canal Historical Society. Oakham, Leicester 
 White, H.P. (1963) A Regional History of the Railways of Great Britain: Volume III: Greater London, Phoenix House, London
 Course, E. (1962) "London Railways" Batsford Ltd. London

Lists of railway stations in the United Kingdom
Stations
Railway stations
Seven Sisters station

Seven Sisters station is a London Overground and London Underground Victoria Line station in the Seven Sisters area of the London Borough of Haringey, north London. The station is in Travelcard Zone 3.
Seven Sisters lies between Finsbury Park and Tottenham Hale on the Victoria Line and between Stamford Hill and Bruce Grove on the London Overground from Liverpool Street Station.  It is a short walk from South Tottenham station on  London Overground.

Transport connections
London buses routes 73, 76, 149, 243, 259, 279, 318, 349 and 476 serve the station.

References

Other websites

 
 Disused stations - closed Palace Gate branch platforms
 London's Transport Museum Photographic Archive 
 
 
 See How they Run  Layout of Seven Sisters station below ground

Victoria line stations
Transport in the London Borough of Haringey
Railway stations in the London Borough of Haringey
Railway stations opened in 1872
1872 establishments in England
Paw

A paw is the soft foot of a mammal that has claws or nails. A hard foot is called a hoof. Paws are used to pad feet for walking and reduce friction.

Animals with paws
 Members of the Canidae family, such as dogs and foxes
 Felines, such as cats and tigers
 Bears and Raccoons
 Weasels and other mustelids
 Rodents

Animal anatomy
Xenu

Scientology teaches that Xenu (pronounced  (ZEE-noo)) was the dictator of a galactic confederacy of 76 planets, who was captured and imprisoned on Earth 75 million years ago after bringing billions of his people to Earth, placing them around volcanoes and killing them by using hydrogen bombs. Scientologists believe he is still being kept there these days. Xenu is very important to the beliefs of Scientology because the story of Xenu explains the believed origin of what are known as body thetans from humans. Body thetans are believed to be the essence of Xenu's people that gather around humans and cause them spiritual harm. It is the purpose of auditing within Scientology to remove these thetans from the Scientologist.

The existence of Xenu has been reported by L. Ron Hubbard's writings and by Scientology spokesman Tommy Davis in an interview ABC affiliate KESQ-TV.

Related pages 
 Scientology

References

Other websites 
 More information about Xenu
 "Who is Xenu?"

Scientology
Charlotte, Princess Royal

The Princess Charlotte, Princess Royal (Charlotte Augusta Matilda; later Queen Charlotte of Württemberg; 29 September 1766 – 5 October 1828) was the fourth  child and oldest daughter of George III of the United Kingdom.She married Frederick of Württemberg on 27 May 1798. Charlotte was the godmother of Victoria of the United Kingdom. She died in 1828.

Ancestors

Titles and styles

 29 September 1766 – 22 June 1789: Her Royal Highness The Princess Charlotte
 22 June 1789 – 18 May 1797: Her Royal Highness The Princess Royal
In use practically from birth October 1766
 18 May 1797 – 22 December 1797: Her Royal Highness The Hereditary Princess of Württemberg
 22 December 1797 – 25 February 1803: Her Royal Highness The Duchess of Württemberg
 25 February 1803 – 1 January 1806: Her Royal Highness The Electress of Württemberg
 1 January 1806 – 30 October 1816: Her Majesty The Queen of Württemberg
 30 October 1816 – 5 October 1828: Her Majesty The Queen Dowager of Württemberg

1766 births
1828 deaths
Princesses Royal
House of Hanover
William IX, Count of Poitiers

William IX (17 August 1153 - April/December 1156) was the oldest son of Henry II of England. He was heir to the throne from his birth to his death in 1156.

1153 births
1156 deaths
House of Plantagenet
Henry the Young King

Henry the Young King (28 February 1155 – near Limoges, France, 11 June 1183) was the junior king to his father Henry II of England. He was crowned king in 1170, but never actually used the power. The meaning of this is that Henry II's territory covered much of northern France as well as England and Ireland. The idea may have been to have an official deputy for legal actions when Henry was in France, and to indicate the succession to the throne. In practice, Young Henry was not interested in government. According to his tutor, William Marshal, he spent his time in France going from one knights' tournament to another.

The boy was married as a child to Marguerite of France (1158–1197), daughter of the French King Louis VII. The intention was political, but it did not work. War came between Henry II and Louis. Henry joined in rebellions directed at his father. A civil war (1173/74) occurred in which Young Henry and his mother, with Scots and French support, fought against Henry II. The king won, just. Young Henry died ten years later, of dysentery. As he died before his father he never achieved power.

References 
Crouch D, 2002. William Marshal: knighthood, war and chivalry, 1147–1219. 2nd ed, London.

1155 births
1183 deaths
Deaths from dysentery
Marguerite of France

Marguerite of France was the wife of Henry the Young King. They had one son William b/d 1177.  She died in 1197.

1157 births
1197 deaths
French princesses
House of Plantagenet
Kings and Queens consort of England
Rod cell

Rod cells are one of two types of photoreceptor cells that can be found in the retina of the eyes of humans and other mammals. Rod cells are very sensitive to light. They allow night vision. They are concentrated at the edge of the retina, where they also allow peripheral vision. Scientists in 1992 counted an average of 60 million rod cells per human retina. They counted only 3 million cone cells, the other kind of receptor, which are bigger and perceive color.

References

Vision
Photoreceptor cell

A photoreceptor cell is a specialized nerve cell that is sensitive to certain wavelengths of light. 

Vision
Ericaceae

Ericaceae is a family of flowering plants in the order Ericales. Plants of this family grow both in Northern Hemisphere and Southern Hemisphere. The common English name of Ericaceae is the heath family.

Many plants of Ericaceae are shrubs, but there are also trees and herbs.

There are about 120 genera and about 4000 species in this family.

Many plants of Ericaceae are evergreen plants with small flowers in the shape of bells or tube. The color of flowers may be white, pink, red, violet, rarely yellow. It may be interest plants for gardens.

Fruits of some species are edible.

Some plants of Ericaceae have a poison in all their parts.
The genus Epacris was treated in a separate family, Epacridaceae, but Epacris is now in this family.

Genera 

Acrostemon
Acrotriche
Agapetes
Agarista
Allotropa
Andersonia
Andromeda, Bog-rosemary. 1 or 2 species of small shrubs from bogs of northern parts of the Northern Hemisphere.
Anomalanthus
Anthopteropsis
Anthopterus
Arachnocalyx
Arbutus
Arctostaphylos
Astroloma
Bejaria
Brachyloma
Bruckenthalia
Bryanthus
Calluna
Calopteryx
Cassiope
Cavendishia
Ceratiola
Ceratostema
Chamaedaphne
Chimaphila
Coccosperma
Coilostigma
Comarostaphylis
Conostephium
Corema
Costera
Craibiodendron
Cyathodes
Daboecia
Demosthenesia
Didonica
Dimorphanthera
Diogenesia
Diplarche
Diplycosia
Disterigma
Dracophyllum.  60 species of shrubs or trees with long leaves from Australia and Oceania.
Empetrum
Elliottia
Epacris
Epigaea
Enkianthus
Eremia
Eremiella
Erica
Findlaya
Gaultheria.135 species.
Gaylussacia
Gonocalyx
Grisebachia
Harrimanella
Hemitomes
Kalmia
Kalmiopsis
Killipiella
Lateropora
Ledothamnus
Ledum
Leiophyllum
Leucopogon
Leucothoe
Lissanthe
Loiseleuria
Lyonia
Macleana
Macnabia
Malea
Menziesia
Mitrastylus
Moneses
Monotoca
Monotropa
Monotropsis
Mycerinus
Nagelocarpus
Notopora
Oreanthes
Ornithostaphylos
Orthaea
Orthilia
Oxydendrum
Pellegrinia
Pentachondra
Pernettyopsis
Phyllodoce
Pieris
Pityopus
Platycalyx
Pleuricospora
Plutarchia
Polyclita
Prionotes
Psammisia
Pterospora
Pyrola
Rhododendron. 1,024 species of shrubs with beautiful flowers. What gardeners know as azalea is in fact some species of rhododendron.
Rhodothamnus
Richea.  Shrubs or trees with long leaves from Tasmania and Australia.
Rusbya
Salaxis
Sarcodes
Satyria
Scyphogyne
Semiramisia
Simocheilus
Siphonandra
Sphyrospermum
Stokoeanthus
Styphelia
Sympieza
Syndsmanthus
Tepuia
Thamnus
Themistoclesia
Therorhodion
Thibaudia
Thoracosperma
Trochocarpa
Tsusiophyllum
Utleya
Vaccinium. 450 species of shrubs. Well-known species are blueberries, cranberries and huckleberries.
Woollsia
Xylococcus
Zenobia, Honeycup. Small shrubs from bogs of south-east of USA. 1 species.

References

Other websites 

 Germplasm Resources Information Network: Ericaceae 
 ITIS: Ericaceae
 NCBI: Ericaceae
 Ericaceae in L. Watson and M.J. Dallwitz (1992 onwards). The families of flowering plants.
John of Gaunt

John of Gaunt (John Plantagenet, 1st Duke of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Aquitaine, 6 March 1340 – 3 February 1399) was a member of the House of Plantagenet, who ruled England for over 300 years. Gaunt was the third surviving son of Edward III and Philippa of Hainault. He was the father of Henry IV.

Gaunt was a younger brother of Edward, the Black Prince. He had great influence over the English throne during the childhood of his nephew, Richard II, and during the ensuing periods of political strife. He is not thought to have been an opponent of the king.

John of Gaunt's legitimate male heirs, the Lancasters, included Kings Henry IV, Henry V, and Henry VI. His other legitimate children included, by his first wife Blanche, his daughters  Philippa of Portugal and Elizabeth, Duchess of Exeter; and by his second wife Constance, his daughter Queen Catherine of Castile.

John fathered five children outside marriage, one early in life by a lady-in-waiting to his mother, and four by Katherine Swynford, Gaunt's long-term mistress and third wife. These were surnamed Beaufort (after a former French possession of the Duke). The Beaufort children, three sons and a daughter, were legitimised by royal and papal decrees after John and Katherine married in 1396. Their half-brother Henry IV added a later proviso that they were barred from inheriting the throne.

Descendants of this marriage included Henry Beaufort, Bishop of Winchester and eventually cardinal; Joan Beaufort, Countess of Westmorland, grandmother of Kings Edward IV and Richard III; John Beaufort, 1st Earl of Somerset, the great-grandfather of King Henry VII; and Joan Beaufort, Queen of Scots, from whom are descended, beginning in 1437, all subsequent sovereigns of Scotland, and successively, from 1603 on, the sovereigns of England, of Great Britain and Ireland, and of the United Kingdom to the present day. The three succeeding houses of English sovereigns from 1399 — the Houses of Lancaster, York and Tudor — were descended from John through Henry Bolingbroke, Joan Beaufort and John Beaufort, respectively.

Lancaster's eldest son and heir, Henry Bolingbroke, Duke of Hereford, was exiled for ten years by King Richard II in 1398 as resolution to a dispute between Hereford and Thomas de Mowbray, Duke of Norfolk.

When John of Gaunt died in 1399, his estates and titles were declared forfeit to the crown as King Richard II named Hereford a traitor and commuted his sentence to exile for life.  Henry Bolingbroke returned from exile to reclaim his inheritance and depose Richard. Bolingbroke then reigned as King Henry IV of England (1399–1413), the first of the descendants of John of Gaunt to hold the throne of England.

Due to some generous land grants, John was not only one of the richest men in his era, but also one of the wealthiest men to have ever lived. Taking into account inflation rates, John was worth a modern equivalent of $110 billion, making him the sixteenth richest man in history.

References 

House of Plantagenet
English Dukes
Knights of the Garter
1399 deaths
1340 births
People from Ghent
Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York

Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York (5 June 1341 – 1 August 1402) was a younger son of King Edward III of England and Philippa of Hainault. He was an ancestor of the House of York. He died in 1402.

1341 births
1402 deaths
English Dukes
Guinea (British coin)

A guinea is a coin that was minted in the Kingdom of England between 1663 and 1813. It is not used any more. The gold used to mint the first guineas was mined in the region of the same name in Africa.

Although guinea coins had not been made for a long time, prices often continued to be shown in guineas until British prices became decimal in 1971.  A guinea was worth £1,1s (one pound and one shilling).  This is the same as £1.05 in modern money.

Because a guinea was close to a pound, putting prices in guineas made the price seem less. A price of 39 guineas might look like "about £39".  In fact it is nearly £41. Prices in guineas were traditionally used for luxury goods before decimalisation. Saville Row tailors, bespoke boot makers, fine jewelers, and expensive motorcars were always priced in guineas.

British currency
England