cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Additional Member System

The Additional Member System is an electoral system used to produce a more proportional result than Plurality voting, also known as First Past The Post. It is sometimes referred to as Mixed Member Proportional but these two electoral systems have different ways of allocating list seats. The term additional member system is almost only used in the United Kingdom but has been used to describe Italy's Electoral system from 1993 to 2005.

Method of voting & calculation

Method of voting 
In the Additional Member System the voter has two votes ; one vote goes to an local representative or multiple representatives from a geographical electoral district. This is commonly referred as a constituency vote. The other vote goes to a political party. This is commonly referred as a list vote and is to represent the voter in a wider region.

Calculation 
Firstly, the Constituency vote is counted: the votes are counted and the candidate with the most votes, even if the candidate did not reach a majority, wins the seat.

Next, each party's Member Score is calculated using a formula:

V = Party List Vote

S = Seat already won

Once the party's member score is calculated the list seats are given to each political party using the D'hondt formula.

Example 
In this Hypothetical Example there is 100,000 voters and there are: 3 political Parties, 10 total Seats (6 constituency seats and 4 list seats).

List seats calculation

Current usage 
 The London Assembly
 The Scottish Parliament
 The Welsh Assembly
 The Italian Parliament

Italian electoral system

Mattarellum 
Italy's Parliament used from 1993 to 2005 used a system which was sometimes called the additional member system but was known as Mattarellum, it had 75% of seats allocated using Plurality voting and 25% of seats used to create a proportional legislature. It had a complex system to allocate proportional seats which was called Scorporo.

Rosatellum 
Rosatellum, officially known as the Italian Electoral Law of 2017, Is an additional member system  with 36% of seats allocated using Plurality Voting and 64% of seats used to create a proportional legislature. The new electoral law was supported by the current  government's Democratic Party and the coalition partner Popular Alternative, but also by the opposition parties Forza Italia, Lega Nord and Liberal Popular Alliance. However, two parties (the Five Star Movement and the Democratic and Progressive Movement) did not support the new electoral system. The electoral law was approved on the 12th October by the Chamber of Deputies with 375 votes in favor and 215 against and on 26 October by the Senate with 214 votes against 61.

References 

Voting systems
Port Blair

Port Blair () is the capital of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, a union territory of India in the Bay of Bengal. It is also the local administrative sub-division (tehsil) of the islands, the headquarters for the district of South Andaman, and is the territory's only notified town. It houses the headquarters of the Andaman and Nicobar Police and the Andaman and Nicobar Command, the first integrated tri-command of the armed forces of India.

Transportation
Port Blair also serves as the entry point for visiting the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Port Blair is connected with mainland India by both air and sea. It is a 2-hour flight from mainland India to Port Blair, but it takes 3–4 days by sea to reach Chennai, Kolkata or Vishakhapatnam. Air connectivity to Port Blair is available from Chennai, Kolkata, New Delhi, Hyderabad, Mumbai, Bhubaneshwar and Vishakhapatnam. All flights bound to Andaman and Nicobar Islands land at the Veer Savarkar International Airport. Sea connectivity is available from Chennai, Kolkata and Vishakhapatnam are embarked in Haddo Wharf Port.  It is home to several museums and a major naval base INS Jarawa of the Indian Navy, along with sea and air bases of the Indian Coast Guard and the Indian Air Force. Port Blair is also famous for the historic Cellular Jail and other small islands like Carbyns Cove, Wandoor, Ross, Viper etc. which were once home to British colonists.

Port Blair has been selected as one of the cities to be developed as a smart city under the Smart Cities Mission.

Population
 India census, Port Blair had a population of 100,608. Males constitute 52.92% (53,247) of the population and females 47.07% (47,361). Port Blair has an average literacy rate of 89.76%, higher than the national average that is 74.04%. In Port Blair, male literacy is 92.79%, and female literacy is 86.34%. 9.3% of the population is under the age of 6 years. The most common religion is Hinduism, followed by Christianity and Islam. Bengali is the most spoken language of the city, followed by Hindi and Tamil.

References

Andaman and Nicobar Islands
Cellular Jail

The Cellular Jail, also known as Kālā Pānī (Hindi for black waters), was a colonial prison in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India. The prison was used by the British especially to exile political prisoners to the remote archipelago. Many notable dissidents such as Batukeshwar Dutt, Yogendra Shukla and Vinayak Damodar Savarkar, among others, were imprisoned here during the struggle for India's independence. Today, the complex serves as a national memorial monument.

Architecture

The construction of the prison started in 1896 and was completed in 1906. The original building was a puce-colored brick building.The bricks used to build the building were brought from Burma.Each of the seven wings had three stories upon completion. There were no dormitories and a total of 696 cells. Each cell was  in size with a ventilator located at a height of .
The name, "cellular jail", derived from the solitary cells which prevented any prisoner from communicating with any other. Also, the spokes were so designed such that the face of a cell in a spoke saw the back of cells in another spoke. This way, communication between prisoners was impossible.

Japanese occupation
The Empire of Japan invaded the Andaman islands in 1942 and drove out the British. The Cellular Jail then became home to British prisoners. During this period, Subhas Chandra Bose also visited the island. In 1945, the British resumed control with the end of World War II.

Post Independence
Another two wings of the jail were demolished after India achieved independence. However, this led to protests from several former prisoners and political leaders who saw it as a way of erasing the evidence of their persecution. The remaining three wings and the central tower were therefore converted into a National Memorial on 11th February 1979 by then Prime Minister of India Shri.Morarji Desai.

The Govind Ballabh Pant Hospital was set up in the premises of the Cellular Jail in 1963. It is now a 500-bed hospital with about 40 doctors serving the local population.The centenary of the jail's completion was marked on 10 March 2006.

Reference

Andaman and Nicobar Islands
Ross Island, South Andaman district

Ross Island is an island of the Andaman Islands.  It belongs to the South Andaman administrative district, Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
The island is situated  east from downtown Port Blair.

1941 earthquake 
About nine months before the Japanese take-over of the entire set of islands, Ross Island experienced an earthquake, which caused many people to leave the Island. 
Except for a brief time when the Japanese occupied, the abandonment of Ross Island as a result of the quake continued. The headquarters were then shifted to Port Blair.

Japanese period 
From 1942 to 1945, the island was occupied by the Japanese. The Government House became the residence of the Japanese admiral also for three years (from March 1942 to October 1945). It was during this period that Subhash Chandra Bose, who took the help of Japanese in his fight against the British, stayed at the Island for a day in December 1943. Netaji also hoisted the national tricolor at the top of the Government House. The Japanese too left their imprint on the island which stand in the form of bunkers used as watch points to safeguard the Island from any foreign invasion.

Recapture 
The allies reoccupied the island in 1945 and later abandoned it.

Indian naval post 
In April 1979, the island was handed over to the Navy, which set up a small post, INS Jarawa, named after one of the indigenous tribes of the Andaman group of islands.

Geography 
The island belongs to the Port Blair Islands and lies in the entrance of Port Blair.

Administration 
Politically, Ross Island is part of Port Blair taluk.

Demographics 
Ross Island is an island where no civilian settlement is allowed by the authorities.

Image gallery

References 

Andaman and Nicobar Islands
Naya Raipur

Naya Raipur is between National Highways NH-6 and NH-43, about 17 km  southeast of the current capital Raipur; Swami Vivekananda Airport separates the old and new cities. Naya Raipur is the administrative capital of the State and also caters to the infrastructural needs of industry and trade in the region.
Naya Raipur is surrounded by the cities of Raipur, Arang, Mahasamund, Rajim and Abhanpur. Naya Raipur covers an area of about 8000 hectares. It includes 41 villages out of which 27 villages form the core of Naya Raipur. During the renovation of villages for the construction of Naya Raipur, it displaced the population of one village.

About half of the total acquired land is being used for afforestation, roads, parks, public conveniences, water facilities-canals, green belts etc.; 23%  of the land would be reserved for educational institutions, government offices and public auditoriums etc.; and 30% of the land will be used for residential and economical purposes.

Naya Raipur is India's sixth planned city after Jamshedpur (Jharkhand), Bhubaneshwar (Odisha), Gandhinagar (Gujarat), Chandigarh (Punjab & Haryana),  and Navi Mumbai (Maharashtra), and fourth among the capital cities.

The city is expected to house about 4.5 lakh (450,000) people within a decade. There are plans to make it larger and to improve infrastructure in the future.

Vision for development 
 Naya Raipur would be a ‘green city’ in every sense of the term. Large areas would be brought under tree plantation, arrangements would be made for water conservation and waste water recycling, and non-conventional energy resources would be used to the maximum.
 Naya Raipur would reflect the rich heritage and culture of Chhattisgarh and India in its urban design and architecture. Special efforts would be taken to make it a people friendly and visitor friendly city.
 The city's design would a promote sense of security and comfort among its citizens, especially women, children and the physically challenged.

Sports 
Shaheed Veer Narayan Singh International Cricket Stadium is a new cricket field in the city. It seats 65,000 spectators and was opened in 2008. It is the second largest cricket stadium in India and the fourth largest cricket stadium in the world by seating capacity.

The stadium was home ground for two matches for the IPL team Delhi Daredevils during the 2013, 2015 and 2016 Indian Premier League event.

The stadium hosted a half marathon, with the theme "Let us run" on 16 December 2012 to mark Vijay Diwas.

Sunil Gavaskar rated this stadium to as one of the best stadiums in the country and had proposed to use it for all types of matches.

References

Other websites 
 Naya Raipur city portal website
 Naya Raipur Development Authority 

Chhattisgarh
Shaheed Veer Narayan Singh International Cricket Stadium

The Shaheed Veer Narayan Singh International Cricket Stadium or Naya Raipur International Cricket Stadium is a cricket field in the city of Naya Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India.

It is the second largest cricket stadium after Eden Garden cricket stadium (Kolkata) and fourth-largest cricket stadium in the world. The stadium has a seating capacity of 65,000. Inaugurated in 2008, this ground hosted its first ever match in 2010, when the Canada national cricket team arrived in India and played a practice match against the Chhattisgarh state team. In 2013, the stadium was declared as a second host venue for Delhi Daredevils in the Indian Premier League (IPL) and hosted two of its matches.

The stadium is named after Veer Narayan Singh a landlord from Sonakhan who led the 1857 war Indian independence in Chhattisgarh.

References

Other websites
 Picture of stadium 
 Cricinfo Website - Ground Page
 cricketarchive Website - Ground Page
 [More About Chhattisgarh progress 

Chhattisgarh
Muhammad Qudrat-i-Khuda

Muhammad Qudrat-i-Khuda ( – 3 November 1977) (, FPAS, SI), was a Bangladeshi organic chemist, educationist and writer. He founded the Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research. From 1969 till 1972, Khuda served as the president of the Pakistan Academy of Sciences.

He was awarded Ekushey Padak in 1976 by the Government of Bangladesh for his contribution in education of the country and Independence Day Award in 1986 (posthumous) by the Government of Bangladesh for his contribution in science and technology.

Early life
Khuda was born in Margram village, Birbhum District, Bengal Presidency, British India (now India). He passed Matriculation examination from Calcutta Madrasa in 1918 with First Division. In 1924, he received his MSc degree in Chemistry from Presidency College, Kolkata. Later, he studied in London University. In 1929, he received D. Sc. in physics from this institute.

Works
Khuda was specialized in the field of organic chemistry. He conducted research on herbals, jute, salt, charcoal, soil and minerals. He extracted biochemical elements from local trees and plants that can be used for medical purposes. Khuda and his associates had patent of 18 scientific inventions. One of his most significant inventions was manufacturing of Partex from jute-stick. Other significant scientific innovations by Khuda were manufacturing malt vinegar from the juice of sugarcane and molasses, rayon from jute and jute-sticks, and paper from jute.

Publications
 Bigganer Saras Kahini (Interesting History of Science)
 Bigganer Vichitra Kahini (Wonderful History of Science)
 Bigganer Suchana (Origin of Science)
 Jaiba Rasayan (Organic Chemistry) - four volumes
 Purba Pakistaner Shilpa Sambhabana (Industrial Potentiality of East Pakistan)
 Paramanu Parichiti (An Introduction to the Atom)
 Bigganer Pahela Katha (First Word of Science)
 Pabitra Quraner Puti Kotha O Angari Jaoyara (The Holy Sayings of Quran and Angari Jaoyara)

Awards
 1976: Ekushey Padak by the Government of Bangladesh in education.
 1986: Independence Day Award (posthumous) by the Government of Bangladesh in science and technology.

References

Other websites
 Dr. M. Qudrat-i-Khuda  in Bangladesh Academy of Sciences

1900 births
1977 deaths
Bangladeshi people
Chemists
Recipients of the Ekushey Padak
Bangladeshi Muslims
Recipients of the Independence Day Award
Against All Odds (Take a Look at Me Now)

"Against All Odds (Take a Look at Me Now)" is a song written and recorded by British singer-songwriter Phil Collins.  It was first released on March 26, 1984.  The song appears on the soundtrack for the movie of the same name.  The song reached number one in Norway and on the US Billboard Hot 100.  It reached the top five in the UK, Switzerland, Belgium, Sweden, and New Zealand.

Covers 
The song has become popular and covered by many artists, including American singer-songwriter Mariah Carey, who included a cover on her 1999 album, Rainbow.  She later released a new version of the song in 2000 featuring Irish boy band Westlife.  This version reached number one in the UK.

References 

1984 songs
Pop songs
Phil Collins
Lauw

Lauw is a commune in the Haut-Rhin department of east France.

References
 INSEE commune file

Communes in Haut-Rhin
Misenum

Misenum (modern-day Miseno) is a small commune near Naples, Italy. Today, Miseno is part of Bacoli. Miseno is at the end of the Gulf of Naples. The city has a long history. Originally, Misenum was part of Cumae. It was devastated by Hannibal, in the year 214 BC.

Today, it is mostly known for its beaches. The best-known sight is the Piscina Mirabilis, a water reservoir, of about 70m by 30m which the Romans constructed to support the fleet.

The current landscape around Misenum is characterized by hills and crater lakes. It is the result of the volcanic activity of the Phlegraean Fields.

Naples
Inga Borg

Inga Maria Borg (25 August 1925 – 24 October 2017) was a Swedish artist and children's book author. She is best known for writing about the fantasy figure Plupp. She was awarded the Elsa Beskow Award for her books about Plupp in 1970. She was born in Stockholm.

Borg died in Stockholm on 24 October 2017 at the age of 92.

References

1925 births
2017 deaths
Cartoonists
Swedish artists
Swedish children's writers
Writers from Stockholm
Albaston

Albaston () is a hamlet in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. It is in the civil parish of Calstock.

Geography
Albaston is about 1 mile (2 kilometres) from the centre of Gunnislake and half-a-mile (0.7 kilometres) from Gunnislake railway station, the junction of the Tamar Valley Line from Plymouth.

History
In the past, Albaston was closely connected with the nearby mine at Drakewalls. The success of the Drakewalls mine in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century led to the growth of the village of Albaston, including the building of a Methodist chapel and several shops, homes and businesses. A brewery, Edward Bowhay & Brothers, was established by 1877; this brewery had closed by 1930.

Facilities
The village has a Methodist church, known as Tamar Valley Methodist Church. It was opened in 2001.

The Old Post Office House is now rented as a holiday home accommodating nine people.

Notable residents
Christian Pentecostal leader Thomas Ball Barratt was born in Albaston in 1862, the son of a mining engineer. He moved to Norway when his father began working for a mine there and in later life became the founder of the Norwegian Pentecostal movement.

References

Hamlets in Cornwall
Contribution claim

A contribution claim is a claim made by one or more people in a court case to get money from a person not involved in the case.

In most cases, contribution claims are made like the original claim itself. The claim must be personally given to the new, third party defendant, by the third party plaintiff (the defendant bringing the claim for contribution relief). In contrast, a counter-claim asserts that the party (usually a defendant) is entitled to offset the damages awarded to plaintiff by the proportionate share of any responsibility, liability, or fault assigned to the plaintiff by the jury. Finally, a cross-claim is the same as a counter-claim or contribution claim, except that it is asserted by a defendant against other defendants. Counter-claims and cross claims do not require personal service because no new parties are being added to the claim.

In some state court systems, a contribution claim must be made as a new case, and the person making it must pay a fee. In other states, no extra fee is required.

Law
Marcus Terentius Varro Lucullus

Marcus Terentius Varro Lucullus (c. 116 – soon after 56 BC), younger brother of the more famous Lucius Licinius Lucullus, was a supporter of Lucius Cornelius Sulla and consul of ancient Rome in 73 BC. As proconsul of Macedonia in 72 BC, he defeated the Bessi in Thrace and advanced to the Danube and the west coast of the Black Sea. In addition, he was marginally involved in the Third Servile War (a.k.a. Spartacus' War).

Roman people
Roman generals
Lu Guanqiu

Lu Guanqiu (;17 January 1945 – 25 October 2017) was a Chinese billionaire entrepreneur, and the founder of Wanxiang Group. He was the 18th richest person in China, according to the Hurun Report China Rich List 2013, the 286th richest person in the world, and reportedly the richest person in Zhejiang province. He was a delegate to the Chinese National People's Congress.

Lu died on 25 October 2017 in Hangzhou, China, aged 72.

References

1945 births
2017 deaths
People from Hangzhou
Billionaires
Chinese businesspeople
Vilnis Edvīns Bresis

Vilnis Edvīns Bresis (30 January 1938 in Jelgava – 25 October 2017) is a Latvian politician who was the Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Latvian SSR from 6 October 1988 to 7 May 1990. From 2002 until 2010, Bresis was member of the parliament, elected from the Union of Greens and Farmers. 

Bresis died on 25 October 2017 of pulmonary edema at the age of 79.

References

1938 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from pulmonary edema
Latvian politicians
Cheri Bustos

Cheryl Lea Bustos  (née Callahan; born October 17, 1961) is an American journalist, healthcare executive, and politician. Bustos has served as the U.S. Representative for Illinois's 17th congressional district since 2013. She is a member of the Democratic Party. Bustos is the first woman elected to Congress from her district.

In April 2021, Bustos announced that she would not run for another term in 2022.

References

Other websites
Representative Cheri Bustos official U.S. House website
Cheri Bustos for Congress

 
 

1961 births
Living people
United States representatives from Illinois
Journalists from Illinois
Writers from Springfield, Illinois
Politicians from Springfield, Illinois
US Democratic Party politicians
Billy the Puppet

Billy is a puppet that has appeared in the Saw franchise. It was used by John Kramer to talk with his test subjects by delivering recorded messages, often appearing on a television screen or occasionally in person to describe the details of the traps and the means by which the test subjects could survive.

Although it has never actually been identified in the movies, "Billy" is the name by which it is referred to by writers, directors, and members of the cast and crew on documentaries and interviews. The name was given to it by its real-life creator James Wan, who is the director and co-writer of Saw.

References

Other websites

 Dwight Schrute (portrayed by Rainn Wilson) dressed as Billy
 Example of Billy Halloween mask 

Fictional characters introduced in 2003
Fictional murderers
Movie characters
Saw (franchise)
David A. Kessler

David Aaron Kessler (born May 13, 1951) is an American pediatrician, lawyer, author, and administrator (both academic and governmental).  He was the Commissioner of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) from November 8, 1990 to February 28, 1997.

On November 9, 2020, Kessler was announced as one of the three co-chairs of Joe Biden's COVID-19 Advisory Board, alongside former U.S. Surgeon General Vivek Murthy and Yale public health professor Marcella Nunez-Smith in his administration.

He was the head of Operation Warp Speed, the U.S. government program to accelerate the development of COVID-19 vaccines and other treatment, from January to February 2021.

References

Other websites
 Official FDA Bio
 David A. Kessler Named New Dean of UCSF School of Medicine 
 "Bacon as a Weapon of Mass Destruction" - video by Democracy Now!

1951 births
Living people
Commissioners of the Food and Drug Administration
Lawyers from New York City
Writers from New York City
Donald Kennedy

Donald Kennedy (August 18, 1931 – April 21, 2020) was an American scientist, public administrator and academic.  He served as Commissioner of the Food and Drug Administration (1977–79), President of Stanford University (1980–92), and editor-in-chief of Science (journal) (2000–08).  

Kennedy resigned as president of Stanford University in 1992 in the wake of a scandal involving expenses charged to the federal government.

Kennedy died of COVID-19 in Redwood City, California on April 21, 2020 at the age of 88.

References

1931 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States
Commissioners of the Food and Drug Administration
Educators from New York City
Journalists from New York City
Scientists from New York City
Icelandic horse

Icelandic horses are a breed of horse that resist the cold, have two unique gaits, and are a breed with special names.
Icelandics in winter get really fluffy coats, helping keep the cold out.
The icelandics also have two unique gaits, one of which, the most popular, the tölt! The tölt is a beautiful, long stride gait, almost like a stretched out trot.

This specific breed of horse has special names for their horses, since the breed is quite old. Here are some examples of them:

 Skjoni; pinto
 Ósk; wish, desire
 Fífill; Dandelion

References

Horse breeds
Iceland
Lierna

Lierna is a comune in the province of Lecco in Lombardy, in north-west Italy. It lies on the eastern shore of Lake Como. It is about  north of Milan and about  north-west of Lecco. It has an area of 11.3 km² and has twelve frazioni: Bancola, Casate, Castello, Cisarino, Genico, Giussana, Grumo, La Foppa, Mugiasco, Olcianico, Sornico and Villa. At the end of 2014 the population was 2176 people, in 983 families. Lierna is the most represented village on Lake Como over the centuries in works of art.

Lierna borders the comunes of Esino Lario, Mandello del Lario, Oliveto Lario and Varenna.

History 
The first mention of Lierna dates to 854 AD, but Roman remains, including a mosaic floor now in the Palazzo Belgioioso of Lecco, attest to much earlier settlement. The name of the village may be of Roman or of Celtic origin. Between 1035 and 1202 it was a feud of the Monastery of San Dionigi in Milan. Lierna was contested between Milan and Como, and between the Della Torre and Visconti families. It passed into the hands of the Marchesino Stanga in 1499, and in 1533 to the Sfondrati family of Cremona, who held it until 1788. Lierna became a comune in 1743, when it was separated from that of Mandello.

In 1927 the Milanese sculptor Giannino Castiglioni opened a studio at his house in Lierna. He died in Lierna on 27 August 1971. He left some preparatory plaster casts to the comune; a museum to house them is under construction.

In 1933 an incomplete fossil of  Lariosaurus balsami, a nothosaurid from the Middle Triassic (circa 240 million years ago) of which the first example was discovered at Perledo, some 10 km north of Lierna, was found in a quarry in the frazione of Grumo. It is now in the Museo di Storia Naturale in the Palazzo Belgioioso of Lecco.

Places of interest
Punta di Grumo Beach
Castello di Lierna, a castle built in the 10th century
Chiesa di Sant'Ambrogio, very old church dedicated to Saint Ambrose

Demographics

Related pages 
 Villa Commedia
 The Ancient Roman Mosaic of Lierna on Lake Como
 Leonardo da Vinci

References 

Lake Como
Settlements in Lombardy
Team Fortress Classic

Team Fortress Classic is a team online multiplayer first-person shooter video game made and sold by Valve.

In Team Fortress Classic two teams battle each other, with each team member having access to nine types of character.

1999 video games
Miitopia

Miitopia is a video game for Nintendo 3DS and Nintendo 2DS. You can be a Mage, Princess, Warrior, Flower, Cleric, Vampire and more. In this video game, the plot is to defeat the Dark Lord and become the world's greatest hero, and you have to defeat even stronger monsters and defeat them all. Also, you can get new powers whenever you defeat a monster to get HP. For example if you are a mage you can get spells such as Fire or Lightning. A version for Nintendo Switch was produced as well in 2021.        

2016 video games
Nintendo video games
Role-playing video games
Video games developed in Japan
Nintendo 3DS games
Nintendo Switch games
Allusion

An allusion is a figure of speech. It refers to a well-known story, event, person, or object in order to make a comparison in a person's mind.

Figures of speech
English language
Marmorera

Marmorera (, ) is a former municipality of the district Albula in the canton of Graubünden in Switzerland.

On 1 January 2016 the former municipalities of Bivio, Cunter, Marmorera, Mulegns, Riom-Parsonz, Salouf, Savognin, Sur and Tinizong-Rona merged to form the new municipality of Surses.

References 

Former municipalities of Graubünden
Kahlil Gibran

Kahlil Gibran (6 January 1883 – 10 April 1931) was a writer and poet from Lebanon. He wrote books in both English and Arabic.  His most famous book is The Prophet.

Biography 
Gibran was born in Lebanon when it was part of the Ottoman Empire.  His family moved to the United States of America when he was 12 years old and settled in the Boston neighbourhood of South End, at the time the second-largest Syrian and Lebanese ethnic enclave in the USA, and he went to school both in the US and in Lebanon.

He died at the age of 48 in New York City from tuberculosis and cirrhosis of the liver, due to prolonged serious alcoholism.

References

1883 births
1931 deaths
American novelists
American painters
American philosophers
American poets
American sculptors
Christian mystics
Christian writers
Deaths from cirrhosis
Deaths from tuberculosis
Humanists
Infectious disease deaths in New York
Lebanese poets
Lebanese Christians
Ottoman people
Anatoliy Solovianenko

Anatoliy Solovianenko (September 25, 1932 – July 29, 1999) was a Soviet and Ukrainian tenor. He was a People's Artist of the USSR (1978). 

He was born in Donetsk (Stalino at that time) into a mining family. He graduated from Donetsk Polytechnic Institute in 1954. He also studied singing with Alexander Korobeichenko from 1950. He recorded 18 LPs of arias, romances and songs.

Anatoliy Solovyanenko died from a heart attack on 29 July 1999.

Awards 
 1967 - Honoured Artist of Ukraine
 1975 - People's Artist of the USSR
 1980 - Lenin Prize
 1982 - Miner's Glory Medal, Order of Friendship of Peoples
 1993 - Badge of Honour from President of Ukraine
 1997 - Taras Shevchenko National Prize

References 

1932 births
1999 deaths
Tenors 
European opera singers
Privacy

Privacy is the ability of a person or group of people to hide information about themselves.  It is also how people choose what information about themselves they want to share.

Many countries have laws about privacy.  Some laws and constitutions protect privacy, such as the United States Constitution and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.  Other laws limit privacy.  For example, taxation laws force people to share information about income with the government.  Companies can also encourage people to share information about themselves in exchange for money or other benefits.

Everyday life
Law
Emmy Noether

Amalie Emmy Noether (23 March 1882 – 14 April 1935) was a mathematician from Germany who studied abstract algebra.  She studied mathematics at the University of Erlangen, and then joined the faculty at the University of Göttingen.

Her main area of research changed over time. From 1908 to 1919, she studied algebraic invariants and number fields.  Her work on Noether's theorem has been called "one of the most important mathematical theorems ever proved in guiding the development of modern physics". From 1920 to 1926, she developed the theory of ideals in commutative rings.  From 1927–35, she published works on noncommutative algebras and hypercomplex numbers. In addition to her own publications, Noether was generous with her ideas and is credited with several lines of research published by other mathematicians, even in fields far removed from her main work, such as algebraic topology.

References

Further reading
 James, Ioan (2002). Remarkable Mathematicians from Euler to von Neumann. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-81777-6.
 Teicher, M., ed. (1999). The Heritage of Emmy Noether. Israel Mathematical Conference Proceedings. Bar-Ilan University, American Mathematical Society, Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-851045-1.
 Byers, Nina (2006), "Emmy Noether", in Byers, Nina; Williams, Gary (eds.), Out of the Shadows: Contributions of 20th Century Women to Physics, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-82197-1

Related pages

 Timeline of women in mathematics
 
 .
 

1882 births
1935 deaths
German algebraists
Parenting

Parenting is the process of helping a child develop into an adult.  

When a child is an infant, parenting involves providing food, comfort and cleaning, and allowing the infant to sleep.  As infants cannot talk, this requires the parents to watch the child closely and to help the child learn language.

As the infant grows, parenting involves guiding and teaching the child.  Parents establish habits such as brushing teeth and teach etiquette to behave in society.

Related pages
 Parent

Childhood
Tritiated water

Tritiated water is a type of water where the hydrogen atoms are replaced with tritium.  Tritiated water is radioactive.

Chemicals
Water
Ywain the Bastard

Ywain the Bastard, also called Ywain the Adventurous, is a son of King Urien of Gore. He is a Knight of the Round Table in later Arthurian legend. He is often mistaken for his half-brother also named Sir Ywain.

Arthurian legend
Fictional knights
Roy Williams (coach)

Roy Allen Williams (born August 1, 1950) is an American college basketball coach for the North Carolina Tar Heels.

He started his college coaching career at North Carolina as an assistant coach for Dean Smith in 1978. 
In 1988, Williams became the head coach of the men's basketball team at Kansas, taking them to fourteen consecutive NCAA tournaments, collecting a .805 win percentage and winning nine conference titles over his fifteen-year span. 
In 2003, Williams left Kansas to return to his alma mater North Carolina, replacing Matt Doherty as head coach of the Tar Heels. 
Since returning to North Carolina, Williams has won three national championships, eight Atlantic Coast Conference conference titles, one AP National Coach of the Year award, and two ACC Coach of the Year awards.

Early years
Williams was born in Marion, North Carolina,[3][4] and spent his early years in the small western North Carolina towns of Marion and Spruce Pine. As a child his family relocated to nearby Asheville, where he grew up. In basketball, playing for Coach Buddy Baldwin, he was named all-county and all-conference for two years (1967 and 1968), all-western North Carolina in 1968 and served as captain in the North Carolina Blue-White All-Star Game.[5] Williams has stated that Coach Baldwin was one of the biggest influences in his life.[6]Williams went on to play on the freshman team at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and study the game under coach Dean Smith.

Early coaching years
Williams' first coaching job was in 1973 as a high school basketball and golf coach at Charles D. Owen High School[8] in Black Mountain, North Carolina.[5] He coached basketball and boys' golf for five years and ninth-grade football for four years, and served as athletic director for two years.
In 1978, Williams came back to the University of North Carolina and served as an assistant to Coach Dean Smith from 1978 to 1988. During his tenure as assistant coach, North Carolina went 275–61 and won the NCAA national championship in 1982, the first for Smith and the second for North Carolina. One of Williams' more notable events came as assistant coach when he became instrumental in recruiting Michael Jordan.

Professional players coached

Kansas

 Nick Collison
 Drew Gooden
 Darrin Hancock
 Kirk Hinrich
 Raef LaFrentz
 Greg Ostertag
 Paul Pierce
 Scot Pollard
 Mark Randall (basketball)|Mark Randall
 Ryan Robertson
 Wayne Simien
 Billy Thomas (basketball)|Billy Thomas
 Jacque Vaughn
 Rex Walters

North Carolina

 Harrison Barnes
 Reggie Bullock
 Ed Davis (basketball)|Ed Davis
 Wayne Ellington
 Raymond Felton
 Danny Green (basketball)|Danny Green
 P.J. Hairston
 Tyler Hansbrough
 John Henson (basketball)|John Henson
 Brice Johnson
 Ty Lawson
 Kendall Marshall
 Sean May
 James Michael McAdoo
 Rashad McCants
 David Noel
 Marcus Paige
 J. P. Tokoto
 Jawad Williams
 Marvin Williams
 Brandan Wright
 Tyler Zeller
 Coby White
 Cameron Johnson
 Nasir Little
 Justin Jackson
 Cole Anthony
 Theo Pinson
 Luke Maye

Head coaching record
Amalebra

Amalebra (, the name means from the clay of the river Amal) is a hamlet in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom, 3 miles (5 kilometres) south-west of St Ives at Ordnance Survey . The 2011 census population data was included with the civil parish of Towednack.

References

Other websites

Hamlets in Cornwall
Antony Passage

Antony Passage is a hamlet in south-east Cornwall, England, UK. It is located by the River Lynher (a tributary of the River Tamar) on the opposite bank to Antony village.

References

Other websites

Hamlets in Cornwall
Tekeda Alemu

Tekeda Alemu (born in Addis Ababa, May 5, 1951) is a diplomat to the United Nations. He represents his country, Ethiopia.

Biography 
Tekeda Alemu has served as a diplomat for many years, starting in 1983. 

For the month of September 2017, he served as the president of the United Nations Security Council.

References 

Living people
1951 births
Ethiopian people
Ambassadors to the United Nations
International relations
Chusquea albilanata

Chusquea albilanata is a species of Chusquea bamboo.

Distribution 
Bambusa farinaceais is only found in Colombia and Ecuador in South America.

References

Bamboo species
Dore (river)

The Dore is a river in central France in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region, in the Puy-de-Dôme department. It is a right tributary of the Allier river and it is one of the three more important tributaries of the Allier river (with the Sioule and Alagnon rivers).

Geography
The Dore river has a length of , and a drainage basin with an area of .

Its valley is between the Monts du Forez, to the east, and the Monts du Livradois, to the west.

Course
The Dore starts in the place known as Bois de Berny, in the commune of Saint-Bonnet-le-Bourg, (Puy-de-Dôme department), at an altitude of about . From here, the Dore flows first to the southeast and then to the northwest.

The Dore river flows within the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region, the Puy-de-Dôme department and 21 communes. It flows through the following communes, among others: Dore-l’Église, Marsac-en-Livradois, Ambert, Vertolaye, Olliergues, Sauviat, Courpière, Néronde-sur-Dore, Peschadoires, Dorat, Puy-Guillaume.

Finally, it flows into the Allier river in the commune of Ris.

Main tributaries
The main tributaries of the Dore river are:

Left tributaries:
 Dolore - 28.1 km
 Miodet - 30.4

Right tributaries:
 Faye - 24.6 km
 Couzon - 22.4 km
 Durolle - 32.1
 Credogne - 27.8

Hydrology 
Its average yearly discharge (volume of water which passes through a section of the river per unit of time) is  at Dorat in the Puy-de-Dôme department, for the period 1991 - 2017.

Average monthly discharge (m3/s) at Dorat (1991 - 2017)

Gallery

Related pages
 List of rivers of France

References

Rivers of France
Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes
Helen DeVos

Helen June DeVos (née Van Wesep; February 24, 1927 – October 18, 2017) was an American philanthropist and political donor. She was the wife of Richard DeVos, co-founder of Amway beauty and home care products company and owner of the Orlando Magic basketball team. She was the mother-in-law of U.S. Secretary of Education, Betsy DeVos.

DeVos was born in Grand Rapids, Michigan. She studied at Calvin College. In 1953, she married Richard DeVos. They had three sons, Dick, Dan, and Doug, and a daughter, Cheri DeVos-Vander Weide.

DeVos served on the board of directors of the Grand Rapids Symphony and the St. Cecelia Music Center.

DeVos died at her home in Ada Township, Michigan on October 18, 2017 of complications from a stroke after being diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia, aged 90.

References

Other websites
Helen DeVos, biographical website

1927 births
2017 deaths
American philanthropists
American Protestants
Cancer deaths in Michigan
Cardiovascular disease deaths in the United States
Deaths from leukemia
Deaths from stroke
Businesspeople from Grand Rapids, Michigan
Richard DeVos
Jack Bannon

John James "Jack" Bannon (June 14, 1940 – October 25, 2017) was an American television actor. He may be best known for his role as Art Donovan on Lou Grant, a role he played from 1977-82. In 1963, Bannon appeared in the Season 1 episode "Kate's Recipe For Hot Rhubarb" of Petticoat Junction as Roger. In 1969, Bannon appeared again on Petticoat Junction (after his mother died in 1968) appearing as "Buck". He was born in Los Angeles, California.

Bannon was married to actress Ellen Travolta, a retired actress and elder sister of John Travolta, from 1983 until his death in 2017. 

Bannon died on October 25, 2017 at his home in Coeur d'Alene, Idaho at the age of 77.

References

Other websites
 

1940 births
2017 deaths
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
Actors from Idaho
Actors from Los Angeles
Aggron

Aggron is a dinosaur-styled Pokémon introduced in Pokémon Ruby and Sapphire and Pokémon Emerald. It is a Steel/Rock type Pokémon that evolves from Lairon. It is Aron's final evolution form.

Fictional dinosaurs
Pokémon monsters
Bambusa basihirsutoides

Bambusa basihirsutoides is a species of Bambusa bamboo.

Synonyms 
Bambusa baishirsutoides has 1 synonym.

Distribution 
Bambusa basihirsutoides is commonly found in Guangdong province and Zhejiang province of China.

Description 
Bambusa basihirsutoides has 6 anthers growing to 7 mm in length and 2 to 3 stigmas. It is perennial and appears tufted with an underground stem. The lowest part of the stem is erect which allows it to grow up to a height of 700–1200 cm long. This is enabled by a woody stem without nodal roots that grow to 60–90 millimeters in diameter.

References 

Bamboo species
China
Villarrica (volcano)

Villarrica is one of Chile's most active volcanoes. It is near Lake Villarrica and Villarrica, Chile.

References

Volcanoes of Chile
Villarrica, Chile

Villarrica is a city and commune in southern Chile in the Province of Cautín, Araucanía Region. It is located on the western shore of Villarrica Lake. It is also close to the Villarrica Volcano ski center. Santiago is  to the north.

References

Cities in Chile
1550s establishments in South America
16th-century establishments in Chile
1552 establishments
Pinito del Oro

María Cristina del Pino Segura Gómez, known as Pinito del Oro  (6 November 1930 – 25 October 2017), was a Spanish trapeze artist and novelist. She was known for her association with Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus for seven years. She was born in Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.

Cecil B. DeMille tried to hire Pinito for a movie about the circus, but she rejected it because DeMille did not want her to appear on the credits. 

In addition to the circus performances, Pinito del Oro found time to publish some novels: Born for the Circus (Nacida para el circo) , The Eve (La víspera) and The Italian (El italiano). With them, she was a finalist in some literary contests such as the "City of Oviedo" and "Blasco Ibañez".

Pinito del Oro died on 25 October 2017 at her home in Las Palmas de Gran Canaria from stroke-related complications at the age of 86.

References

Other websites
 

1930 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from stroke
Spanish novelists
Spanish entertainers
Ronald Breslow

Ronald Charles Drake Breslow (March 14, 1931 – October 25, 2017) was an American chemist. He was University Professor at Columbia University. He had taught at Columbia since 1956 and was a former chair of the university's chemistry department. He was interested in the design and synthesis of new molecules with interesting properties, and the study of these properties. 

He was a member of the National Academy of Sciences, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the European Academy of Sciences, and the American Philosophical Society.

Breslow died of pancreatic cancer in New York City on October 25, 2017 at the age of 86.

References

Other websites
Official biography
A Video interview of Professor Breslow on the Eminent Organic Chemists Website 

1931 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from pancreatic cancer
Cancer deaths in New York City
American chemists
Educators from New Jersey
Scientists from New Jersey
Writers from New Jersey
Stephen Toulouse

Stephen Toulouse, also known as Stepto, (1972 – October 26, 2017) was the former Director of Xbox LIVE Policy and Enforcement at Microsoft. He represented Microsoft and Xbox Live in many media events, including on Larry Hryb's "Major Nelson Radio" Xbox-related podcast, to discuss security and policy issues.

Before joining the Xbox team at Microsoft, Toulouse was the head of communications for security response with the Microsoft Security Response Center.

Toulouse died on 26 October 2017 at the age of 45.

References

Other websites
Stephen Toulouse's gamer profile
Stephen Toulouse's Twitter feed
Major Nelson Radio Podcast website

1972 births
2017 deaths
Engineers from Washington (state)
Microsoft people
Punathil Kunjabdulla

Punathil Kunjabdulla (1940 – 27 October 2017) was a well-known Indian Malayalam language novelist and poet from Kerala state, South India. He was a medical doctor by profession. Kunjabdulla was a modernist in Malayalam literature. His novel Smarakasilakal (Memorial Stones) won the Kendra Sahithya Academy Award (Malayalam) in 1980.

Kunjabdulla died at the age of 75 on 27 October 2017 of bladder cancer.

References

1940 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from bladder cancer
Indian poets
Physicians
Novelists
Gordon Moore

Gordon Earle Moore (; born January 3, 1929) is an American businessman, co-founder and chairman emeritus of Intel Corporation, and the author of Moore's law. As of January 2016, his net worth is $7.3 billion.

In July 1968, Robert Noyce and Moore founded NM Electronics which later became Intel Corporation. Moore served as executive vice president until 1975 when he became president. In April 1979, Moore became chairman and chief executive officer, holding that position until April 1987, when he became chairman. He was named chairman emeritus in 1997.

In 1990, Moore was presented with the National Medal of Technology and Innovation by President George H. W. Bush. Moore was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2002, the United States' highest civilian honor, by President George W. Bush.

References

Other websites

1929 births
Living people
American philanthropists
American billionaires
American inventors
Engineers from California
American computer scientists
American chemists
Educators from San Francisco
Scientists from San Francisco
Writers from San Francisco
Businesspeople from San Francisco
Intel
Central Cornwall

Central Cornwall is the middle area of Cornwall. It used to be two districts, Carrick and Restormel. It is used by Cornwall Council to define the area served by Public Services.

Geography of Cornwall
Carrick

Carrick was a district in Cornwall. It was replaced in 2009. It was a local government district run by Carrick District Council. 

Cornwall
Local government in England
Carrick District Council

Carrick District Council was a local council in Cornwall. It was closed in 2009. The jobs done by this council are now done by Cornwall Council. The council ran public services and town planning.

References

Local government in England
Government of Cornwall
2009 disestablishments in England
Cornwall Council

Cornwall Council is the local government for Cornwall. It was started in 2009. Previously Cornwall had six district councils.

Other websites
cornwall.gov.uk - Official website

Government of Cornwall
2009 establishments in England
Ouch, Lower Dir

Ouch is a town in Lower Dir District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.

Towns in Pakistan
Timergara

Timergara is a city in Lower Dir District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. It is the headquarters of Lower Dir District in Pakistan. Timergara City is located on the east bank of the Panjkora River. The people of Timergara are mainly Pashtun. The people generally wear typical pashtoon dress. Timergara connects Bajawar, Upper Dir and Chitral to the rest of Khyber Pukhtunkhwa.

Lower Dir District
Pakistan National Assembly

The National Assembly of Pakistan is the lower house of the parliament. The National Assembly has 342 seats, 272 of which are elected by the people, 60 are reserved for women and 10 for religious minorities.

Government of Pakistan
Muttahida Majlis-e-Amal

Muttahida Majlis-e-Amal was a political alliance of several parties of Pakistan that opposed President Pervez Musharraf and Prime Minister Shaukat Aziz.

Politics of Pakistan