cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Delta Cephei

Delta Cephei (δ Cep, δ Cephei) is a binary star system about 887 light-years away in the northern constellation of Cepheus, the King. At this distance, the apparent magnitude of the star is reduced by 0.23 as a result of gas and dust along the line of sight. 

Delta Cephei, found by John Goodricke in 1784, was only the second Cepheid variable discovered. It is very important because its distance is extremely well known. This is partly because it is in a star cluster,<ref
name=dezeeuw1999>de Zeeuw P.T. et al 1999. A Hipparchus census of the nearby OB associations. Astronomical Journal  117 (1): 354–399. </ref> close enough for the precise Hubble Space Telescope/Hipparcos parallaxes to give a good result. As a result, it is known as a "fundamental distance calibrator", or absolute candle. Delta Cephei is a classical, or type I, Cepheid variable.

The only Cepheid variable closer to us is Polaris, the North Star, whose distance is still not exactly known.

Delta Cephei is emitting around 2,000 times the Sun's luminosity. This is producing a strong stellar wind, which, with the pulsations and shocks in the star's atmosphere, is ejecting mass at the rate of  masses per year. This is the equivalent to the mass of the Sun roughly every million years. The matter is flowing outward at a velocity of about 350 km s–1. This expelled gas forms a nebula about one parsec across, centered on Delta Cephei, and contains 0.07–0.21 solar masses of neutral hydrogen. A bow shock is being formed where the stellar wind is colliding with the surrounding interstellar medium.

References 

Variable stars
Quantum state

The quantum state of something is a mathematical tool that describes everything that can be physically measured about that thing. For example, the quantum state of a hydrogen atom, has all the physical information one can get from measuring a hydrogen atom, like its position, momentum, energy, angular momentum, spin, and so forth.

Quantum mechanics
Inge Lønning

Inge Lønning (20 February 1938 – 24 March 2013) was a Norwegian Lutheran theologian, academic, and politician for the Conservative Party of Norway.

Lønning was born on 20 February 1938 in Fana, Bergen, Norway. He was raised in Oslo, Norway. Lønning studied at the University of Oslo. He served as a councilman in Oslo. Lønning died on 24 March 2013 from an illness after going on a trip in Beitostølen, Norway, aged 75.

References

Other websites
 Profile in Nordic Council

1938 births
2013 deaths
Academics
Christian theologians
Disease-related deaths in Norway
Lutherans
Norwegian politicians
People from Bergen
Saguia el Hamra

Saguia el Hamra was one of the two territories that made up the territory Western Sahara, when it was under Spanish rule, until 1978. At that time, Western Sahara was called Sahara Occidental. It makes up the northern part of the territory, that extends from about 26° northern longitude, to about 27° 50'. It covers an area of roughly . It is named after the river Saguia el Hamra, which only exists during part of the year - a wadi. During the rainy season, it turns into a lake, located near the capital, El Aaiún. The other territory was called Río de Oro

Western Sahara
Territories
Spanish Africa
Frank Thornton

Frank Thornton (Frank Thornton Ball; 15 January 1921 – 16 March 2013) was an English actor. He is best known for his roles as Captain Peacock in Are You Being Served? and in its sequel Grace & Favour (Are You Being Served Again), and as Truly in Last of the Summer Wine.

Thornton was born on 15 January 1921 in Dulwich, London, England. He studied at Alleyn's School and at the London School of Dramatic Art. Thornton was married to Beryl Jane Margaret Evans from 1945 until his death in 2013. They had a daughter, Jane Thornton. He died on 16 March 2013 in his home in Barnes, London, England from natural causes, aged 92.

References

Other websites
 
 Frank Thornton recalls his appearance on This Is Your Life

1921 births
2013 deaths
Actors from London
Deaths from natural causes
English movie actors
English stage actors
English television actors
English voice actors
Jackdaw

The jackdaw is a large bird, a member of the crow family Corvidae. It is black, with the back of the head grey.

The jackdaw is common over the whole of Europe and much of Asia. It is mostly a resident, although northern and eastern populations migrate south in winter. It is about  in length,

The jackdaw is gregarious and vocal, living in small groups with a complex social structure. It is found in farmland, open woodland, on coastal cliffs, and in urban settings.

Behaviour 
Jackdaws are omnivorous and opportunistic. They eat a wide variety of plant material and invertebrates, as well as food waste from urban areas. Jackdaws are monogamous and build simple nests of sticks in cavities in trees, cliffs, or buildings. About five pale blue or blue-green eggs with brown speckles are laid and incubated by the female. The young fledge in four to five weeks.

In his book King Solomon's Ring, Konrad Lorenz described and analysed the complex social interactions in a Jackdaw flock which lived around his house in Altenberg, Austria. He ringed them for identification and caged them in the winter to prevent their annual migration. 

Lorenz found that the birds have a hierarchy, with higher-ranked birds dominating lower-ranked birds. Pair-bonded birds share the same rank. Young males establish their individual status before pairing with females. Unmated females are the lowest members in the pecking order, and are the last to have access to food and shelter. Lorenz noted one case in which a male, absent during the dominance struggles and pair bondings, returned to the flock, became the dominant male, and chose one of two unpaired females for a mate. This female immediately assumed a dominant position in the social hierarchy and demonstrated this by pecking others. According to Lorenz, the most significant factor in social behaviour was the immediate and intuitive grasp of the new hierarchy by each bird in the flock.

References

Related pages 
RSPB Jackdaw page

Corvids
Peggy Sue Got Married

Peggy Sue Got Married is a 1986 American romantic fantasy comedy-drama movie. It was directed by Francis Ford Coppola. It stars Kathleen Turner and Nicolas Cage. Turner's character, Peggy Sue Bodell, goes back in time to 1960 when she attends her class of 1960 high school reunion in 1985.

Other websites 

1986 comedy-drama movies
1980s fantasy movies
1986 romance movies
1980s romantic comedy movies
1980s romantic drama movies
American comedy-drama movies
American fantasy movies
American romantic comedy movies
American romantic drama movies
English-language movies
Movies set in the 1960s
Time travel movies
Movies directed by Francis Ford Coppola
Dry stone wall

A dry stone wall is a wall made of stone without using mortar. They are made by carefully choosing rocks that fit together. There are dry stone walls in the Yorkshire Dales in northern England.

Other websites
How to build dry stone walls

Construction
Walls
Sun Country Airlines

Sun Country Airlines is an American low-fare airline. It was started by many former Braniff International Airways employees. It is headquartered in the Dakota County suburb of Eagan, Minnesota.  Sun Country uses nearby Minneapolis/Saint Paul International Airport as a hub. It currently flies to 43 destinations throughout the Caribbean, United States, Mexico, and Costa Rica.

Most of Sun Country's routes either arrive in or depart from Minneapolis-St. Paul. The airline also sometimes has flights between other cities, including Dallas, Texas 

Sun Country has Boeing 737 airplanes.

References

Airlines of the United States
Low-cost airlines
Companies based in Minnesota
1982 establishments in the United States
Virgin America

Virgin America was an U.S. airline. It began operations in 2007.  Its corporate headquarters are in California. The airline uses Airbus A319 and Airbus A320 aircraft.  It flies to destinations throughout the United States and Mexico.

The airline is partly owned by the Virgin Group.  The Virgin Group also controls Virgin Atlantic Airways, Virgin Australia and Virgin Samoa. However, the Virgin Group has less than a fifty percent share of the new company. This is due to U.S. federal laws that do not allow foreign control of domestic airlines. 

Virgin America was looking to sell all or part of its airline in early 2016. A merger with JetBlue Airways was very possible.  However, on April 4, 2016, Alaska Airlines announced it would buy Virgin America. Alaska retired the Virgin America name on April 25, 2018.

Gallery

References

Virgin Group
Low-cost airlines
Airlines of the United States
2004 establishments in the United States
2018 disestablishments
Companies based the San Francisco bay area
Rebecca Romijn

Rebecca Romijn (born November 6, 1972) is an American movie and television series actress. She played Mystique in the X-men movies and Alexis Meade in the television sitcom Ugly Betty. Romijn was born in Berkeley, California. Her father is Dutch.

Other websites 

American movie actors
American television actors
Actors from Berkeley, California
1972 births
Living people
Godsend (movie)

Godsend is a 2004 supernatural horror-thriller movie. It is about a couple who lose their child, after which they are put through supernatural forces and nightmares. The movie stars Robert De Niro and Rebecca Romijn. This movie received very bad reviews from critics. Its intake was over $30 million, making Godsend a mild success in the box office.

References

Other websites
 
 Website for the fictional Godsend institute
 
 
 
 

2000s thriller movies
2004 horror movies
American horror movies
American thriller movies
Canadian horror movies
Canadian thriller movies
English-language movies
Lionsgate movies
Gengen-Wer

Gengen Wer is a god in Egyptian mythology that appears as a goose. He is long forgotten by the Egyptian people, but was famous in Ancient Egypt. He is seen in the series of Rick Riordan's The Kane Chronicles books as a god who is senile. He was sensitive as the earlier Egyptians wrote. He was long forgotten by the Egyptian people, but was admired in Ancient Egypt. He is often associated with artistic expression and laid an egg in the plain of chaos that all matter came from.

Egyptian gods and goddesses
Mount Ebenezer

Mount Ebenezer is a pastoral station and roadhouse in the south of the Northern Territory, Australia. It is located on the Lasseter Highway,  from the Stuart Highway to the east and  to Uluṟu in the west. Mount Ebenezer is owned by the community of Imaṉpa, which is surrounded by the property. It is one of the few Aboriginal-owned stations in the Territory. It is managed by Lisanote Pty Ltd, a company also owned by the Imaṉpa Community. This company also operates the Angas Downs Indigenous Protected Area, which borders the property to the west. The lease for the property is held by the Fogarty family.

History
The area falls within the traditional homeland of the southern Luritja people (Matuntara). Mount Ebenezer, the mountain that the station was named after, is in the Basedow Ranges and can be seen to the north of the roadhouse. The mountain itself is named for Ebenezer Flint, who worked in the area in 1871 on the Overland Telegraph Line. In the early 1920s, a pioneer named William Liddle established the Angas Downs sheep station to the west of the Basedow Ranges. He had previously worked at the telegraph station in Alice Springs. He settled at Angas Downs with his wife Mary (an Aranda woman) and had several children. From the late 1920s, the family began to use the Mount Ebenezer area as an extension of Angas Downs.

Mount Ebenezer was established as its own station in 1947 by William's second son, Harold Liddle. He was one of the first people of Aboriginal descent to get a perpetual lease for a pastoral property. Liddle sold the new station to Ted Kunoth in 1952. Kunoth built a roadhouse to service tourist traffic between the Stuart Highway and Uluṟu. In 1978, Kunoth agreed to allow the Aboriginal people of the area to set up a community on a part of the station's lands. The area at Imaṉpa, beneath the Basedow Ranges, was removed from the property for this. Kunoth sold the property's lease to Alan Rogers, who then resold to the Fogarty family in 1993.

References

Other websites
Mount Ebenezer on Exploring Australia

Buildings and structures in Australia
Northern Territory
Farms
Agriculture in Australia
Evil Dead (2013 movie)

The Evil Dead is a 2013 American horror movie. It is about five friends who stay at a remote cabin. This movie was at first rated NC-17, but changes were made so the movie would get an R rating from the MPAA. Evil Dead was also rated "18" by the BBFC (UK) and rated "R" in Australia. This movie got positive reviews by the critics.

It is a remake of 1981 movie Evil Dead.

References

Other websites 

2013 horror movies
American horror movies
Supernatural horror movies
English-language movies
American movie remakes
Jon Lovitz

Jonathan M. "Jon" Lovitz (born July 21, 1957) is an American comedian, actor and singer. He was known for his sketches on Saturday Night Live from 1985 though 1990. He was also known for his guest-star role as Steve on Friends. He won two Emmy Awards for his writing on comedy series and an Screen Actors Guild Award for his acting in a crew. 

Lovitz was born on July 21, 1957 in Los Angeles, California to a Romanian-Hungarian-Russian-Jewish family. He studied at the University of California at Irvine.

Filmography

References

Other websites

 
 
 Jon Lovitz On MySpace.com

1957 births
Living people
Comedians from Los Angeles
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American voice actors
American television personalities
Jewish American actors
Actors from Los Angeles
Writers from Los Angeles
Singers from Los Angeles
Emmy Award winners
Screen Actors Guild Award winners
Jerry Colonna

Gerardo Luigi "Jerry" Colonna (September 17, 1904 – November 21, 1986) was an Italian-American comedian, singer, actor, songwriter, and musician. He was known for his big mustache and for working with Bob Hope on comedy shows.

Colonna was born on September 17, 1904 in Boston, Massachusetts to an Italian family. He was married to Florence Purcell in c. 1930 until his death in 1986. They had one son, Robert. Colonna died on November 21, 1986 in Woodland Hills, California from kidney failure, aged 82.

Other websites

WFMU's Jerry Colonna Homage

 Find-A-Grave profile for Jerry Colonna
The Encyclopedia of Disney Animated Shorts

1904 births
1986 deaths
Deaths from renal failure
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
American stage actors
American radio actors
Comedians from Boston, Massachusetts
American songwriters
American radio personalities
American television personalities
Actors from Boston, Massachusetts
Writers from Boston, Massachusetts
Musicians from Boston, Massachusetts
Singers from Boston, Massachusetts
Kozhikode district

Kozhikode is a district in the state of Kerala, in India. It is divided into four taluks - Kozhikode, Vadakara, Koyilandy and Thamarassery.

Districts of Kerala
Río de Oro

Rio de Oro was one of the two territories of Western Sahara, when the territory was under Spanish rule. Rio de Oro, which literally means river of gold is more to the south. The other part was called Saguia el Hamra. The territory is named after a wadi. The capital of the territory is called Dakhla. When the territory was ruled by the Spanish, its name was Villa Cisneros. It has a size of roughly . To the north, the 26th parallel is the border, and to the south, the territory is limited by the 21° 20' parallel (and the border with Mauritania).

Originally, Portuguese traders called the territory Rio do Ouro, they traded goods for gold dust, in the year 1442. They believed to be in Mali ruled by Mansa Musa. Mali was famed for its gold deposits, despite the fact that gold was never found there, and only further south in Akjoujt and south of the Niger River. Historic maps show a river running from the center of Africa to the Atlantic Ocean, newer maps show a shorter river which ends in a wadi named Megeta Mersug. In 1886, a Spanish expedition searched for this river, but did not find it.

References 

Western Sahara
Spanish Africa
Platform shoe

Platform shoes are shoes that have extremely dense soles. They are often made out of plastics, rubber or cork. Platform shoes were first worn during the Ancient era. They are known to add height to whoever is wearing them. The shoes are oftentimes worn to avoid coming in contact with urban street filth, grime and muck. These shoes were very popular between the 1930s and the 1980s in the United States, Europe and the United Kingdom. They were worn mostly by girls or young women, although middle-aged or elderly women sometimes wear the shoes. Comfort platforms were invented during the disco music era, and would be designed to mix added heights and sneaker style or orthotic comforts. The fad eventually fizzled out during the late 1980s and early 1990s, though by then people of all ages, particularly girls and young to middle-aged women, wore the shoes.

Footwear

1930's
Moshe Kimel introduced the modern platform shoe in the 30's for actress Marlene Dietrich. This started a fad among the elite and well to do. The growing popularity of the shoe sparked several well known copies such as "the rainbow" by Salvatore Ferragamo . At this time the shoes were typically made with cork due to the production material changes many had to face during World War II. As many trends do this one slowly disappeared from the main stream media, and didn't reaper till the late 60's. 

1970's-1980's
Carole Basetta was the well known designer producing shoes for famous artists such as David Bowie . This time it was not just a feminine fashion statement but men also wore platforms as well because platforms started coming in different forms like boots, trainers, and sandals. Tony Randell wore clear platforms with goldfish in the heals on a tv show and again these shoes appeared in Starsky and Hutch . In the 80's brands popularized the comfort platform which was meant for everyday use.  

Late 90's early 2000's
While introduced in the early 90's platforms didn't pick up in mainstream fashion till the late 90's. This may be due to Naomi Campbell's runway fall in 1993 while wearing Vivienne Westwood's platform heels. After the 90's platforms did not pick up again till around 2003-2004 when YSL made a tribute sandal to commemorate the 70's shoe style. Many celebrities' liked this design for the added sex appeal.  

2010-2020
This era of platform shoe was more popular with the platform boot style. Some of the more well known brands are Demonia, Bordello, and Dolls kill. With the rise of E-girl as a subculture in 2019 the sale of gothic style platform boots have gone up. During the 2010 era clear shoes wear also popularized by Kim Kardashian West. These clear platform shoes allow to to put trinkets in your shoe ranging from flowers, kids toys, and plastic fish to Halloween decorations, spiders, and baby doll heads.
Gown

A gown is a type of clothing usually worn by women. There are different kinds of gowns. Some are worn on formal occasions such as marriages. Some are worn in hospitals. Some are worn to sleep in.

Other websites

Dresses
Mary Jane (shoe)

Mary Janes are low-cut, rounded-toed shoes that are worn almost entirely by girls or women. They are usually low or mid heeled, though there are some that are high heeled. The shoes have one thin strap over the instep of the foot. They are made almost exclusively of leather. These shoes are worn at school, in church or during work (for certain places), and with skirts, dresses and certain types of pants.

Footwear
Nature (journal)

Nature is a scientific journal.  It was first published on 4 November 1869. It is the world's most cited  scientific journal.  That means that, when scientists write formal reports of their experiments, they list all the earlier studies that they read in their reference section.  They list studies from Nature in their reference sections more than studies from any other journal. It is also the longest continuously published scientific weekly.

Most scientific journals are now specific to just one kind of science, for example only biochemistry or only mining science. Nature is one of the few journals which still publish original research articles across the whole range of science. Important new advances and original scientific research is published as articles or letters in Nature. Nature also prints surveys and reviews of important research fields.

Research scientists are the primary audience for the journal, but ordinary people read it as well. Because of this, articles are written and edited to make them understandable to scientists in other fields and any educated person. 

In the first pages of each issue are editorials, news and feature articles on issues of general interest to scientist. Topics include current affairs, science funding, business, scientific ethics and research breakthroughs. There are also sections on books and arts. Because of limits on the length of articles, often the printed text is a summary of the work in question. Details may be put in supplementary material on the journal's website.

Nature has spun off a series of more specialised journals which publish longer, more technical articles which would be unsuitable for Nature's wider readership.

References 

Science and technology magazines
Weekly magazines
Journals
Kramer vs. Kramer

Kramer vs. Kramer is a 1979 American drama movie. It was written and directed by Robert Benton. It is based on a novel by Avery Corman. It stars Dustin Hoffman and Meryl Streep as New York City married couple Ted and Joanna Kramer. She leaves him and their son; the couple divorce. Fifteen months later, she decides she wants custody of the child, taking Ted to court.

Other websites 

1979 drama movies

American drama movies
American legal movies
Best Picture Oscar
English-language movies
Golden Globe Award winning movies
Movies about divorce
Movies about dysfunctional families
Movies based on books
Movies set in New York City
Columbia Pictures movies
Movies directed by Robert Benton
Kozhikode

Kozhikode, also known as Calicut, is a city in the state of Kerala in southern India. Kozhikode is the third largest city in Kerala. It is part of the second largest urban agglomeration in Kerala with a metropolitan population of 2,030,519 as per 2011 census. The city lies about  north of the state capital Thiruvananthapuram.

References 

Cities in India
Cities in Kerala
Jerzy Nowak

Jerzy Nowak (June 20, 1923 – March 26, 2013) was a Polish actor and teacher. He was known for his roles as a Jewish investor in Schindler's List, as a "bumpkin farmer" in Three Colors: White, and as the great creative Zucker in The Promised Land.

Nowak was born on June 20, 1923 in Brzesko, Poland. He was raised in Kraków, Poland. Nowak studied at the Ludwik Solski Academy for the Dramatic Arts.

He was married two times. He was married to his second wife, Maria Andruszkiewicz-Smith, from 1989 until his death in 2013. He had no children.

Nowak died on March 26, 2013 in Warsaw, Poland from natural causes, aged 89.

References

Other websites
 

1923 births
2013 deaths
Deaths from natural causes
People from Kraków
Polish movie actors
Polish television actors
Polish stage actors
Polish voice actors
Curse of Tippecanoe

The name Curse of Tippecanoe (also known as Tecumseh's Curse, the Presidential Curse, Zero-Year Curse, the Twenty-Year Curse, or the Twenty-Year Presidential Jinx) is used to describe the death of Presidents of the United States in office while elected or re-elected in a year ending in "0".

The "curse" began when President William Henry Harrison (elected in 1840) died in office from pneumonia just one month after becoming President.  According to a folk tale, the "curse" happened because then-General Harrison had fought on Native American grounds during the 1811 Battle of Tippecanoe.  The battle was famous, and "Old Tippecanoe" became Harrison's nickname.  But the battle made the Native Americans so angry that they cursed his name.

The last President included in this "curse" to die was John F. Kennedy.  He was elected in 1960 and assassinated in 1963.  Two later Presidents elected in "0" years: Ronald Reagan (1980), survived an assassination attempt and George W. Bush (2000), who also survived an assassination attempt. 

Current President Joe Biden would be next in line seeing how he was elected in 2020.

Presidents
The following Presidents were part of the "curse":

 William Henry Harrison (1841) (Pneumonia)
 Abraham Lincoln (1861-1865, second term) (Assassinated)
 James A. Garfield (1881) (Assassinated)
 William McKinley (1897-1901, second term) (Assassinated)
 Warren G. Harding (1921-1923) (Pneumonia)
 Franklin D. Roosevelt (1933-1945, fourth term) (Brain hemorrhage)
 John F. Kennedy (1961-1963) (Assassinated)

The only president who died in office without being elected in a "cursed" year was Zachary Taylor, who was elected in 1848 and died in 1850.

Survivors
The most recent two Presidents elected in a "zero" year survived the "curse":

 Ronald Reagan (1981-1989) (Assassination attempt) 
 George W. Bush (2001-2009) (Assassination attempt)

Many people think that the curse was broken or lifted when John Hinckley tried to kill Ronald Reagan while he left a hotel in Washington, D.C.. After Reagan survived the attack no other Presidents after him were harmed until George W. Bush was elected.

References

Other websites
The Mortal Presidency: Film and Documentary Shapell Manuscript Foundation

History of the United States
William Henry Harrison
Murchison meteorite

The Murchison meteorite is named after the place it fell: Murchison, Victoria, Australia.  It is large (over 100 kg) and it was seen falling.  It is one of the most studied meteorites, since it belongs to a group of meteorites rich in organic compounds, known as carbonaceous chondrites.

On 28 September 1969 at about 10:58 am, a bright fireball was seen. It separated into three fragments before disappearing, leaving a cloud of smoke. About 30 seconds later, a tremor was heard. People found fragments over an area larger than 13 km², with fragments up to 7 kg. One, weighing 680 g, broke through a roof and fell in hay. The mass is over 100 kg.

The biochemistry 
This type of meteorite is rich in carbon. Murchison contains over 15 amino acids. The amino acids found in the Murchison meteorite can be (and have been) synthesised in laboratory experiments. This was done by the action of electric discharge on a mixture of methane, nitrogen, and water with traces of ammonia.

The amino acids were mostly racemic. This means the chirality of their enantiomers are almost  equally left- and right-handed. This suggests they are not caused by terrestrial contamination. A complex mixture of alkanes was isolated as well, similar to that found in the Miller-Urey experiment. Serine and threonine, often earthly contaminants, were absent from the samples.

In 1997 research showed that individual amino-acids from Murchison were enriched in the nitrogen isotope 15N relative to their terrestrial counterparts. This confirmed an extraterrestrial source. The organic materials identified included sugar-like compounds (polyols).

Several lines of evidence show that the inside of well-preserved fragments from Murchison are pristine (not contaminated). A 2010 study identified  14,000 molecular compounds (including 70 amino acids) in a sample of the meteorite. There may be 50,000 or more different molecular compositions in the meteorite.

Nucleobases 
Measured purine and pyrimidine compounds are in the Murchison meteorite. Carbon isotope ratios for uracil and xanthine show a non-terrestrial origin for these compounds. The results show many organic compounds which are components of life on Earth were already present in the early Solar System. They may have played a  role in life's origin.

References 

Meteorites
Impact events
Law Abiding Citizen

Law Abiding Citizen is a 2009 American crime drama thriller movie. The subjects in this movie are capital punishment and murder. Jamie Foxx and Viola Davis are in the cast. This movie was rated NC-17 for extreme violence, although was later edited for an R-rating. The movie got negative reviews from the critics. Its box office performance was very good.

2009 crime movies
2009 drama movies
2009 thriller movies
2000s crime drama movies
2000s crime thriller movies
2000s drama thriller movies
American crime drama movies
American crime thriller movies
American drama thriller movies
American prison movies
English-language movies
Movies about revenge
Movies set in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Movies directed by F. Gary Gray
Theoren Fleury

Theoren Wallace "Theo" Fleury (born June 29, 1968) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey right winger that played 16 seasons in National Hockey League (NHL).

Fleury was drafted by the Calgary Flames with the 166th overall pick in the 1987 NHL Draft. Fleury played in the NHL for four teams, Calgary Flames from 1988 to 1999, Colorado Avalanche during the 1998-99 NHL season, New York Rangers from 1999 to 2002, and Chicago Blackhawks during the 2002-03 NHL season. He won the Stanley Cup with the Flames in the 1988–89 NHL season. Fleury also won a gold medal with Team Canada in the 2002 Winter Olympics.

Fleury wrote an autobiography titled Playing with Fire, and it was released on October 16, 2009. In the autobiography, he wrote about being sexually abused at the hands of his coach, Graham James. He also wrote about his battles with drug and alcohol addictions and mentioned that he placed a loaded gun in his mouth and contemplated suicide in 2004. Fleury is currently a motivational speaker and has participated in numerous charitable causes. He was a participant on the second season of the figure skating reality show Battle of the Blades and finished in 5th place with his partner Jamie Salé.

References

Other websites
Offical website

Calgary Flames players
Canadian ice hockey right wingers
Canadian Olympic gold medalists
Chicago Blackhawks players
Colorado Avalanche players
Ice hockey people from Saskatchewan
New York Rangers players
Stanley Cup champions
1968 births
Living people
International Hockey League (1945–2001) players
Hank Blade

Henry "Hank" Blade (April 28, 1921 – February 8, 2003) was a Canadian professional ice hockey centre that played 24 games in the National Hockey League with the Chicago Black Hawks. 

Blade also played for the Ottawa Commandos and Ottawa Senators of the QSHL, Kansas City Pla-Mors and Milwaukee Sea Gulls of the USHL, Pittsburgh Hornets of the AHL and Calgary Stampeders of the PCHL and the WHL. He died on February 8, 2003.

Other websites

Canadian ice hockey centres
Chicago Blackhawks players
Ice hockey people from Ontario
1937 births
2003 deaths
La Güera

La Güera (also known as Tagwirt, Lagouira, or El Gouera) (Berber: ⵜⴰⴳⵡⵉⵔⵜ, Arabic: الكويرة) is a ghost town on the Atlantic coast at the southern tip of Western Sahara. It is on the western side of the Ras Nouadhibou peninsula. The ghost town is  west of Nouadhibou. It is also the name of a daira at the Sahrawi refugee camps in south-western Algeria. The name comes from the Spanish word  which is a ditch which carries rainwater to the crops. By 2002, it had been abandoned and parts of it had been covered by sand. At the time, only a few Imraguen fishermen lived there and the area was guarded and controlled by a Mauritanian military outpost, despite this not being formally Mauritanian territory.

La Güera is the southernmost town of Western Sahara. It is claimed by both the Kingdom of Morocco and the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic. Lagouira is situated south of the Moroccan Wall, and abandoned by both Moroccan and POLISARIO forces.

References

Settlements in Western Sahara
Histrionic personality disorder

Histrionic personality disorder (HPD) is a cluster B personality disorder. The name is derived from Latin histrio, which is usually translated as actor. People with this condition constantly seek to direct attention to their own person. Very often they also flirt and try to seduce others in inappropriate ways to get this attention, for example by being exhibitionist. These attempts at seduction usually start when they are teenagers. Histrionics feel a strong need to receive a lot of appreciation, admiration and reassurance. HPD affects about four times as many women (4%) as men (1%). It has a prevalence of between two and three percent in the general population, and between ten and fifteen percent in mental health institutions.

HPD lies in the dramatic cluster of personality disorders. People with HPD have a high need for attention, make loud and inappropriate appearances, exaggerate their behaviors and emotions, and crave stimulation. They may exhibit sexually provocative behavior, express strong emotions with an impressionistic style, and can be easily influenced by others. Associated features include egocentrism, self-indulgence, continuous longing for appreciation, and persistent manipulative behavior to achieve their own needs.

Mnemonic 
A mnemonic that can be used to remember the characteristics of histrionic personality disorder is "PRAISE ME":
 Provocative (or seductive) behavior
 Relationships are considered more intimate than they actually are
 Attention-seeking
 Influenced easily
 Speech (style) wants to impress; lacks detail
 Emotional lability; shallowness
 Make-up; physical appearance is used to draw attention to self
 Exaggerated emotions; theatrical

Comorbidity 
Most histrionics also have other mental disorders. HPD is comorbid (often occurs alongside): mood disorders, eating disorders, somatoform disorders, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and other personality disorders - especially antisocial, borderline, narcissistic and dependent.

References

Cluster B personality disorders
Waltham Cross

Waltham Cross is a town in southeast Hertfordshire just north of London. It is named after a cross in the town centre dating from 1294, put there by King Edward I of England.

Towns in Hertfordshire
Taffy Abel

Clarence John "Taffy" Abel (May 28, 1900 – August 1, 1964) was an American professional ice hockey defenseman that played 8 seasons in the National Hockey League.

Abel played 3 seasons with the New York Rangers and 5 seasons with the Chicago Black Hawks. He also played for the Minneapolis Millers of the Central Hockey League for 23 games and won a silver medal with the United States in the 1924 Winter Olympics. He won the Stanley Cup with the Rangers in the 1927–28 NHL season. After he retired, he returned to his hometown and coached ice hockey as well as operated a tourist hotel. He was inducted into the United States Hall of Fame in 1973. He was the first United States-born player to become a NHL regular player.

Other websites

American ice hockey players
Sportspeople from Michigan
Chicago Blackhawks players
New York Rangers players
1900 births
1964 deaths
Ice hockey defencemen
Madge Sinclair

Madge Sinclair (April 28, 1938 - December 20, 1995) was a character actress. She did voices for many movies. She was born in Kingston, Jamaica. She died in Los Angeles, California due to leukemia.

References

Jamaican entertainers
Deaths from leukemia
Movie actors
1938 births
1995 deaths
Pokémon Puzzle League

Pokémon Puzzle League is a puzzle video game for the Nintendo 64 game console. It was released in North America and Europe in 2000. Unlike most Pokémon games, it was never released in Japan. It is based upon Nintendo's Panel de Pon puzzle video game series, with a Pokémon theme. It is the only game to take place in the Pokémon anime universe. It was released for the Wii's Virtual Console in 2008.

Gameplay

Players clear blocks that come down by lining them up in horizontal or vertical lines of three or more blocks. The lines have to have the same kind of block. As new blocks come down, the playfield rises. If it makes it to the top, the player loses. The player can stop the playfield from rising by clearing blocks. In two-player games, clearing more than one line at once causes "garbage" blocks to come down on the opponent's side of the field. Garbage blocks can be cleared by clearing lines below it.

The game has 2D and 3D modes. In 3D mode, the playfield is a cylinder that is 18 blocks wide.

In two-player games, players can select one of fourteen Pokémon trainers to play as. Unlike other Pokémon games, trainers and their Pokémon do not have an effect on the gameplay.

Puzzle video games
Nintendo 64 games
2000 video games
Virtual Console games
Pokémon video games
Pokémon Puzzle Challenge

Pokémon Puzzle Challenge is a puzzle video game for the Game Boy Color game console. It was released in Japan on September 21, 2000, in North America on December 4, 2000, and in Europe on June 15, 2001. It is based upon Nintendo's Panel de Pon video game series, with a Pokémon Gold and Silver theme.

Gameplay

Players clear blocks that come down by lining them up in horizontal or vertical lines of three or more blocks. The lines have to be of the same kind of block. As new blocks come down, the playfield goes up. If the playfield reaches the top, the game ends. The player can stop the playfield by clearing blocks. The more lines a player clears at once, the higher their score will be.

There are three modes of play: single-player, multi-player, and training. Players can play as a number of different Pokémon from Pokémon Gold and Silver, including Pikachu, Cyndaquil, and Totodile. New Pokémon can be unlocked by winning against other Pokémon trainers. 

Puzzle video games
Game Boy Color games
2000 video games
Pokémon video games
The Frighteners

The Frighteners is a 1996 supernatural horror thriller movie. The main stories of this movie are exorcism and unexpected incidents during the early 1990s. Dee Wallace and Michael J. Fox are in the cast. This supernatural movie was released July 19, 1996 in the United States. The reviews were mostly positive. The movie earned back almost, but not quite, its budget.

1996 horror movies
1996 thriller movies
1996 comedy movies
New Zealand movies
American horror movies
American thriller movies
English-language movies
Movies directed by Peter Jackson
George Gaynes

George Gaynes (born George Jongejans; May 16, 1917 – February 15, 2016) was a Russian-born American actor. He is known for his roles as Commandant Eric Lassard in the Police Academy movie series and as Henry Warnimont in Punky Brewster.

Gaynes was born on May 16, 1917 in Helsinki, Grand Duchy of Finland, Russian Empire.His uncle was actor George Gaye. Gaynes married Allyn Ann McLerie in 1953. They have two children.

References

Other websites
 
 

1917 births
2016 deaths
Finnish people
Naturalized citizens of the United States
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American voice actors
American radio actors
Irwin Corey

"Professor" Irwin Corey (July 29, 1914 – February 6, 2017) was an American comedian, actor, and activist. His career began in 1938. Corey began his stand-up career in an San Francisco club, the Hungry i.

Early life
Corey was born on July 29, 1914 in Brooklyn, New York to an Jewish family. His parents were forced to give him up in an Hebrew Orphan Asylum of New York. He was never adopted, so he spent the rest of his teenage years in the Asylum. Corey studied at the Belmont High School in Los Angeles, California.

Influences
Corey was influenced by Charlie Chaplin and by The Marx Brothers. He had influence Lenny Bruce, Mort Sahl, Shelley Berman, Jonathan Winters, Bob Newhart, and Tom Smothers. Lenny Bruce once said that Corey is "one of the most brilliant comedians of all time".

Personal life
Corey was married to Fran Corey from 1941 until her death in 2011. They had two children, Margaret Corey (dead) and Richard Corey. He also has a grandson, Amadeo. He lived in his home town of San Francisco, California until moving to Manhattan, New York for his comedic stage career.

Corey died at his Manhattan apartment on February 6, 2017, aged 102.

Movies
How to Commit Marriage (1969)
Fore Play (1975)
Car Wash (1976)
Thieves (1977) (reprising his stage role)
Chatterbox! (1977) (cameo)
Fairy Tales (1979)
Stuck on You! (1983)
Jack (1996)
The Curse of the Jade Scorpion (2001)
Irwin & Fran (2012)

References

Other websites

 The Professor's official web site
 
 National Book Awards speech 
 New York Press: "Who Am the World's Foremost Authority?" 
 "Cinema Retro covers Prof. Irwin Corey's 95th birthday party at The Players club" (2009)

1914 births
2017 deaths
Jewish American actors
American movie actors
American centenarians
American television actors
American stage actors
American radio actors
American voice actors
American radio personalities 
American television personalities
Comedians from New York City
Actors from New York City
Comedians from San Francisco
Actors from San Francisco
Warm Bodies (movie)

Warm Bodies is a 2013 American romantic comedy zombie movie. It is based on the novel of the same name. Teresa Palmer, Nicholas Hoult and John Malkovich make up the main cast. The subject is about zombie romance and having supernatural connections. This movie has received positive reviews from critics. Its box office intake has also been very good.

2013 comedy movies
2013 horror movies
2013 romance movies
2010s romantic comedy movies
American horror movies
Comedy horror movies
English-language movies
Movies based on books
Zombie movies
Post-apocalyptic movies
Lionsgate movies
Alternative fuel vehicle

Alternative fuel vehicles are vehicles that use energy that comes from something other than petroleum (oil). (Gasoline and diesel fuel come from petroleum).  Most of the alternative energy does not need to be imported from other countries, so money stays in the country.  Some (but not all) come from renewable sources. Many produce less pollution than gasoline or diesel. 

Alternative fuel vehicles cover a wide range of engines and motors.
 Electric vehicle - no pollution from the car, but there can be some pollution where the electricity is made
 Natural gas vehicle - a fossil fuel, but burns much cleaner than gasoline, and there is more natural gas available than petroleum
 Biodiesel vehicle - diesel fuel that comes from plant (or sometimes animal) oils
 Ethanol vehicle - quite often ethanol is mixed with gasoline, from 10% to 85% ethanol (called E10 or E85)
 Methanol vehicle - Methanol and ethanol are used in many of the fastest race cars
 Butanol vehicle - similar to ethanol and methanol, this can be made from many biofuels, but is not commonly used
 Hydrogen car - also called a fuel cell vehicle, or FCV
 Compressed air vehicle - this technology works, but vehicles are still in the demonstration stage, and range can be a problem
 Propane (or liquefied petroleum gas, LPG)

Also, there are bicycles, rickshaws, and two and three-wheeled human powered vehicles.

Other websites 
 Alternative Fuels Development Center (U.S. Department of Energy)

References 

Green vehicles
Energy in transport
Fernie, British Columbia

Fernie is a city in the Canadian province of British Columbia. Fernie is in the East Kootenay region of southeastern British Columbia.

The population of Fernie was 4 811 in 2011. The mayor of Fernie is Mary Giuliano.

Fernie is the only city-class municipality in Canada that is completely encircled by the Rocky Mountains. The Lizard Range in Fernie has the Fernie Alpine Resort, which is one of the largest ski resorts in Canada, as well as Island Lake Catskiing, which is a resort. The city is known for its mining history. Mount Fernie, Mount Klauer, The Three Sisters and Mount Proctor are on the north of Fernie. The fictional Kodiak Valley ski resort in the 2010 movie Hot Tub Time Machine was filmed at the Fernie Alpine Resort in Downtown Fernie.

Fernie has an ice hockey team, the Fernie Ghostriders which play in the Kootenay International Junior Hockey League.

References

Other websites
Official website

Ski areas and resorts in Canada
Cities in British Columbia
Creepshow

Creepshow is a 1982 horror movie directed by George A. Romero and written by Stephen King. Some actors in the movie include Hal Holbrook, Adrienne Barbeau, Fritz Weaver, Don Keefer, Tom Atkins, Carrie Nye, Ted Danson, Ed Harris, Leslie Nielsen, Gwen Verdon and E. G. Marshall. Romero also help create the makeup and special effects along with artist Tom Savini. The movie had positive reviews. The movie was released on November 12, 1982. Two more sequels were made. Roger Ebert gave the movie 3 out of 4 stars.

References

1982 movies
American horror movies
Warner Bros. movies
English-language movies
Stephen King
Tokelauan language

Tokelauan is a Polynesian language. It is closely related to Tuvaluan. People who speak Tokelauan and people who speak Tuvaluan can understand each other.

Tokelauan is spoken in Tokelau, American Samoa, and by Tokelauan people in New Zealand.. It is one of the official languages of Tokelau (the other is English).

Tokelauan is written in the Roman alphabet, using 15 letters: a, e, i, o, u, f, g, k, l, m, n, p, h, t, and v.

Phrases

Other websites
Ethnologue report on Tokelauan
Mini-dictionary sponsored by Tokelau Magic
"Te Vaka" – A popular New Zealand music group that sings in the Tokelauan language

Polynesian languages
Languages of Oceania
Division of Flinders

The Division of Flinders is an Australian Electoral Division in Victoria. The division was one of the original 75 divisions set up for the first federal election in 1901. It once covered country areas south and east of Melbourne which are now outer southern suburbs on the Mornington Peninsula, including Dromana, Hastings and Portsea.

It is named for Matthew Flinders, the first man to sail right around Australia, and the person who gave Australia her name.

Members

It has usually been a fairly safe seat for the Liberal Party and the earlier conservative parties. It was won by the Australian Labor Party in 1929 when Prime Minister Stanley Bruce was defeated. This was the first time an Australian Prime Minister has lost his own seat at a general election. The only other time this has happened was when Liberal Prime Minister John Howard lost his seat of Bennelong in the 2007 election. 

James Faibairn was Australia's first Minister for Air; he was one of three government ministers killed in the Canberra air disaster in 1940.

Sir Phillip Lynch and Peter Reith were former Deputy Liberal leaders.

Greg Hunt was Minister for the Environment in the Abbott Government.

Election results
 2013 election results 
 2010 election result
 2007 election result
 2004 election results

References
Division of Flinders - Australian Electoral Commission

Other websites
 Greg Hunt's website 

Flinders
Victoria, Australia
1901 establishments in Australia
Sada Thompson

Sada Thompson (September 27, 1927 - May 4, 2011) was an American television, movie and stage actress. She acted in lots of stage plays, television shows and many very notable movies in her career.

Thompson was born in Des Moines, Iowa. She died from lung disease while in Connecticut.

American movie actors
American stage actors
Actors from Des Moines, Iowa
Deaths from lung disease
1927 births
2011 deaths
Maggie McNamara

Maggie McNamara (June 18, 1927 - February 18, 1978) was an American actress and model. She acted mostly in movies. She was in the controversial 1953 movie The Moon is Blue. McNamara acted in theater plays. She was born in New York City. McNamara committed suicide using barbiturates. She died at age 49.

American movie actors
American stage actors
Actors from New York City
Models from New York City
1928 births
1978 deaths
Corrective rape

Corrective rape (sometimes called curative rape) is a hate crime where a person is raped, because of their perceived sexual orientation. People claim to be able to "cure" homosexuals by raping them. Additionally, studies relying on convenience samples can result in higher rates of abuse, which have limited validity describing rates of abuse in the wider population. The people raping say that they can "correct" their orientation, to turn them heterosexual, or to make them "act" more in conformity with gender stereotypes. The term was coined in South Africa after well-known cases of corrective rapes of lesbians like Eudy Simelane and Zoliswa Nkonyana became public. There are many health problems associated with corrective rape, and although some countries have laws protecting LGBT people, corrective rape is often overlooked.

Related pages 
 Hate crime

References

LGBT
Rape