cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Bodmin

Bodmin is a town on the A30 road, in Cornwall, United Kingdom. It is in the centre of the county southwest of Bodmin Moor.

The neighbouring parishes are Cardinham, Lanhydrock, Lanivet and Helland.

In 2001 there were 12,881 people living in Bodmin.

In the Middle Ages Bodmin was one of the most important towns in Cornwall and the site of a monastery founded by Saint Petroc. The parish church of Bodmin was built in the 15th century and is the second largest church in the county after Truro Cathedral.

References 

Towns in Cornwall
Anglicanism
Civil parishes in Cornwall
Battle of Polygon Wood

The Battle of Polygon Wood was a small battle that took place in World War I.
It happened during the second part of the Battle of Passchendaele. Most of the battle was fought in an area named Polygon Wood, near Ypres, Belgium.

References

Notes

Bibliography

Other websites

Polygon Wood
1917 in Belgium
September events
Royston

Royston is a town near the A 505 road in North Hertfordshire, Hertfordshire, England. In 2001 there were 14,570 people living in Royston. Royston is a very historic town as it has the meridian of time running through it. We also have the Roy stone. Royston was originally called Roysia but the arrival of the stone  lead to a change of the towns name. There is also a historic cave which is imagined to be a religious work as it has a lot of religious images around it. There are many schools in Royston including Roysia, Greneway and Meridian which are called Rsat (Royston Schools Academy Trust) These three schools are about to link together to become one.

References 

Towns in Hertfordshire
Civil parishes in Hertfordshire
North Hertfordshire
Prosthesis

A prosthesis is a device made to replace a missing human body part. They are used by people who are missing body parts due to accidents, health problems (amputees) or being born without them. Originally, prostheses were simply pieces of wood (for example, wooden legs), but now they are made of lighter materials.  

Currently available prostheses can help return mobility to those with transtibial (below the knee), transfemoral (above the knee), transradial (below the elbow), and transhumeral (above the elbow) amputations. There is still much research to be done before artificial limbs can function with the same versatility as a natural limb; as a result many of the currently available prosthetic limbs are tailored to a specific activity or need.

In sports 
In Para-alpine skiing, the device needs to be made to work like an ankle because the way the ankle moves is very important in skiing.  The device for skiing is only used in skiing.  People use other prostheses when they are not skiing.

Prosthetic arms can be designed for climbing as well. Private Jaco Van Gass, an amputee veteran, designed a special prosthetic arm with a built in ice pick that he would use to climb Mount Everest. It also includes a battery pack and heat patch to keep his stump warm. 

Olympic sprinter Oscar Pistorius also had prostheses designs specifically for spot. He used carbon fiber running blades that, some argue, give an advantage over natural legs.

Underlying Mechanisms 
A traditional prosthetic limb consists of three main components: a socket, an attachment mechanism, and a control system.

The socket is the part of the prosthetic that attaches to the users natural body. A precise fit is extremely important to the function of the limb, so typically molds are taken of a patient’s residual limb to ensure the fit is ideal. If it does not fit correctly, the socket could cause severe tissue damage to the patient. 

The attachment mechanism is a means of securely anchoring the limb in a way that is both comfortable and easy for the user to control. The attachment mechanism may work by tension (straps) or even merely by suction between the socket and the limb. 

The control system varies greatly from limb to limb. Some are controlled entirely by the user’s motion; he or she learns to balance on it. In other cases, cables are pulled to cause a limb to bend in the desired direction. 

Today, the most promising control system is the myoelectric signal. This technology is allowing for thought-controlled prosthetics to be developed.

References

Other websites

Limbs and extremities
Disability
Bionics
Saffron Walden

Saffron Walden is a town near the M11 motorway, in the Uttlesford district of Essex.

It is a market town  north of Bishop's Stortford,  south of Cambridge and  north of London. 
It has a rural appearance and some buildings of the medieval period. 

The population was 15,504 at the 2011 census.

References 

Towns in Essex
Uttlesford
Leiston

Leiston is a town near the A12 road, in Suffolk, England.  

Along with the nearby hamlet of Sizewell, Leiston forms the Leiston-cum-Sizewell civil parish.

Towns in Suffolk
Civil parishes in Suffolk
Suffolk Coastal
Southwold

Southwold is a town on the A1095 road, in the county of Suffolk, England. It is a seaside town and has beach huts.

Towns in Suffolk
Civil parishes in Suffolk
Port cities and towns of the North Sea
Port cities and towns of England
Halesworth

Halesworth is a town on the A144 road, in Suffolk, England.

Twin towns

Halesworth is twinned with both 

  Bouchain and 
  Eitorf.

Towns in Suffolk
Civil parishes in Suffolk
Stowmarket

Stowmarket is a town near the A14 road, in Suffolk, England.

Other websites
 Stowmarket Town Council

Towns in Suffolk
Civil parishes in Suffolk
Thetford

Thetford is a town near the A11 road, in Breckland District, Norfolk, England.

Breckland
Towns in Norfolk
Daventry

Daventry is a town on the A45 road, in the county of Northamptonshire, England.

Towns in Northamptonshire
Wellingborough

Wellingborough is a town in Northamptonshire, England. In 2001 there were 72,519 people living in the town. The town is near the A45 road.

Wellingborough is an Anglo-Saxon town. It and was settled in the sixth century by the Saxons. It was first known as Wendeling burh - "the stronghold of Waendel's people".

References

Towns in Northamptonshire
Dormitory

A dormitory, also known as dorm, is a residence hall consisting of sleeping quarters or entire buildings primarily providing sleeping and residential quarters for large numbers of people, often in boarding.

Rooms
Annie Edson Taylor

Annie Edson Taylor (October 24, 1838 – April 29, 1921) was an American school-teacher and adventurer.  She was the first person to go over Niagara Falls in a barrel without dying.  She did this on her 63rd birthday, October 24, 1901.

References 

 Women of Bay County, Joan Totten Musinski Rezmer (ed.). Bay County Historical Society: Bay City, Michigan, 1980.
 Queen of the Falls, Chris Van Allsburg. Houghton Mifflin Books for Children.

1838 births
1921 deaths
People from New York
Horse fly

A horse fly is a type of insect and a member of the family Tabanidae (order Diptera). More specifically they are any member of the genus Tabanus. These stout flies are as small as a housefly or as large as a bumblebee. Their metallic or iridescent eyes meet dorsally in the male and are separate in the female. Gad-fly, a nickname, may refer either to the fly’s roving habits or to its mouthparts, which resemble a wedge-shaped miner’s tool. 

The bites of the female fly often carry parasites onto the victim (such as a horse). The resulting sore can be extremely distressing to the animal.

Flies
Beaconsfield

Beaconsfield is a town near the M40 motorway in Buckinghamshire, England. A new service station has opened on the motorway called Beaconsfield service station. It has a population of 12, 081 as of 2011.

References 

 
 
Towns in Buckinghamshire
Berkhamsted

Berkhamsted is a town and civil parish near the A41 road in Dacorum, Hertfordshire, England. In 2001 there were 16,498 people living in Berkhamsted.

References 

 
 
Towns in Hertfordshire
Bridport

Bridport is a town near the A35 road in Dorset, England.  It is near the coast at the western end of Chesil Beach.

In 2006 West Dorset district was named 10th best place to live in the UK. The town is twinned with Saint-Vaast-la-Hougue, France.

References

Towns in Dorset
West Dorset
Aspatria

Aspatria is a town near the A596 road, in Allerdale, Cumbria, England.

Towns in Cumbria
Civil parishes in Cumbria
Allerdale
Keswick

Keswick is a town near the A66 road in Cumbria, England.

 

Towns in Cumbria
Thirsk

Thirsk is a town near the A1 road in North Yorkshire, England. There is a museum about James Herriot.

 
 
Towns in North Yorkshire
Bolton, Cumbria

Bolton is a village and civil parish in Eden, Cumbria, England. In 2001 there were 416 people living in Bolton. It has a church called All Saints Church. It is three miles north of Appleby-in-Westmorland.

References 

Villages in Cumbria
Civil parishes in Cumbria
Tadcaster

Tadcaster is a town near the A64 road in North Yorkshire, England. In 2001 there were 6,039 people living in Tadcaster.

References 

 
 
Towns in North Yorkshire
Redcar

Redcar is a town near Middlesbrough in North Yorkshire, England.

 
 
Towns in North Yorkshire
Whitehaven

Whitehaven is a town on the A595 road in Cumbria, England. Whitehaven was Built on shipping and mining, but these have now declined.

References 

Towns in Cumbria
Cockermouth

Cockermouth is a town near the A66 road in Cumbria, England, in the Borough of Allerdale. In 2011 there were 8,761 living in Cockermouth.

References

Other website
Town Council website

Allerdale
Civil parishes in Cumbria
Towns in Cumbria
Maryport

Maryport is a town on the A596 road in Allerdale, Cumbria, England. In 2001 there were 11,275 people living in Maryport.

The Romans built the fort Uxellodunum in Alauna (which is now called Maryport) around the year 122, to help defend the western end of Hadrian's Wall.

References 

Towns in Cumbria
Civil parishes in Cumbria
Allerdale
Louth

Louth is a town near the A16 road in Lincolnshire, England. In 2001 there were 15,930 people living in Louth.

References 

 

Towns in Lincolnshire
Skegness

Skegness is a town and civil parish on the A52 road and A158 road in East Lindsey, Lincolnshire, England. In 2001 there were 18,910 people living in Skegness.

It is known for being bracing, which means that it often has high winds. This is due to its exposed position on the North Sea.

Skegness is known as the home of Butlins, a theme park.

References 

 

Towns in Lincolnshire
Civil parishes in Lincolnshire
Bungay

Bungay is a town on the A143 road in Suffolk, England. In 2001 there were 4,895 people living in Bungay.

References 

Towns in Suffolk
Okehampton

Okehampton is an old market town on Dartmoor near the A30 road in West Devon, England. In 2001, there were 5,846 people living in Okehampton. Okehampton is the ideal place to explore Dartmoor with the highest Tor on Dartmoor (Yes Tor) being a short distance from the town. 

Heritage railway services are operated from Okehampton railway station. The station was formerly on the Southern Railway main line from Exeter to Padstow.

References 

Towns in Devon
West Devon
Launceston

Launceston is a town near the A30 road in Cornwall, England. In 2001 there were 7,135 people living in Launceston. The parish church is dedicated to St Mary Magdalen. Launceston was the former capital of Cornwall until it was replaced by Bodmin in 1835.

Launceston is just over one mile (1.6 km) west of the River Tamar which marks the border between Cornwall and Devon and is often referred to as the "gateway to Cornwall".

The Norman ruler of Cornwall built a castle here which is now in ruins.

References 

Towns in Cornwall
Civil parishes in Cornwall
Market towns in England
Wadebridge

Wadebridge is a town on the A39 road in Cornwall, England. In 2001 there were 6,351 people living in Wadebridge. The town is situated on the south bank of the River Camel a few miles inland from the north coast of Cornwall. It is well known for the road bridge across the river which was built to replace the dangerous ford in the Middle Ages.

The showground for the Royal Cornwall Show is near Wadebridge.

References 
 

Towns in Cornwall
Civil parishes in Cornwall
Liskeard

Liskeard is a town near the A38 road in Cornwall, England. In 2001 there were 8,656 people living in Liskeard. The parish church is dedicated to St Martin and Liskeard railway station is on the railway line from Plymouth to Penzance.

References 
 

Towns in Cornwall
Civil parishes in Cornwall
Helston

Helston is a town on the A394 road in west Cornwall, England. In 2001 there were 9,780 people living in Helston. The annual Furry Dance (known outside Cornwall as the Flora Dance) is said to originate from the medieval period and is held on May 8th each year. Another traditional celebration, the Hal-an-Tow, is reputed to be of Celtic origin.

References 

Towns in Cornwall
Civil parishes in Cornwall
Falmouth

Falmouth (meaning mouth of the River Fal) is a town on the south coast of Cornwall. The A39 road links Falmouth with North Devon. In 2001 there were 20,775 people living in Falmouth. Falmouth harbour is a large natural harbour and Carrick Roads are nearby. Carrick Roads are the estuary of the River Fal.

The MP for Falmouth is Sarah Newton, a Tory. The school there is Falmouth School.

References 
 

Towns in Cornwall
Ports and harbours of the United Kingdom
Civil parishes in Cornwall
Deal, Kent

Deal is a town on the A258 road in Kent, England. In 2011, there were over 30,000 people living in Deal.

In 1989, 11 military bandsmen were killed when the PIRA bombed the Royal Marine Depot.

References 
 

Towns in Kent
Atherstone

Atherstone is a town near the A5 road, in Warwickshire, England. In 2001, there were 8,338 people living in Atherstone.

References

Other websites
 
 

Towns in Warwickshire
Warwick

Warwick is a town near in Warwickshire, England. In 2011 there were 31,345 people living in Warwick. It is most famous for its castle and many of the buildings in the town centre are very old, some from the 11th century. A market is held each Saturday which has been going for hundreds of years. It also has a large and impressive church and a racecourse which is often seen on television. The town next to it is called Leamington Spa and the nearest city is Coventry. It has two train stations and is near a major motorway linking Birmingham and London.

References 

Towns in Warwickshire
Carnforth

Carnforth is a town near the M6 motorway in Lancashire, England. In 2001 there were 5,350 people living in Carnforth.

References 

Towns in Lancashire
Ashburton

Ashburton is a town near the A38 road in Devon, England. In 2001 there were 3,909 people living in Ashburton.

References 

Towns in Devon
Exmouth

Exmouth  is a town on the A376 road in Devon, England. In 2001, there were 32,972 people living in Exmouth.

Sisters cities
 Dinan, France
 Langerwehe, Germany

References 

Towns in Devon
South Molton

South Molton is a town near the A361 road in North Devon, Devon, England. In 2001 there were 4,093 people living in South Molton.

References 

Towns in Devon
North Devon
Newmarket

Newmarket is a town near the A14 road in Suffolk, England. In 2001, there were 14,995 people living in Newmarket.

References 

Towns in Suffolk
Civil parishes in Suffolk
Swanley

Swanley is a town inside the M25 motorway in Kent, England. In 2001 there were 20,986 people living in Swanley.

References 

Towns in Kent
Sevenoaks

Sevenoaks is a town near the M25 motorway in Kent, South East England. In 2001 there were 18,588 people living in Sevenoaks.

References 
 

Towns in Kent
Needham Market

Needham Market is a town and civil parish in Mid Suffolk, Suffolk, England. In 2001, there were 4,495 people living in Needham Market. The town is near the A14 road.

References 

Towns in Suffolk
Civil parishes in Suffolk
Mid Suffolk
Wymondham

Wymondham is a town near the A11 road and Norwich in Norfolk, England. In 2001 there were 12,539 people living in Wymondham.

References 

Towns in Norfolk
Biggleswade

Biggleswade is a town and civil parish near the A1 road in Bedfordshire, England. In 2012 there were 15,383 people living in Biggleswade. There is a train station that goes to London. The local upper school is called Stratton Upper School. Other famous people that have lived in Biggleswade are Pam Rhodes and Dan Albone. The town has lots of Cafés and Hair Dressers. Biggleswade has a parish church and the other churches are in Biggleswade Churches Together. Biggleswade has a radio station, Biggles FM.

References 

Towns in Bedfordshire
Civil parishes in Bedfordshire
Blandford Forum

Blandford Forum is a historic Georgian town in Dorset, England. In 2001 there were 8,745 people living in Blandford Forum.  There is a church in the centre of the town. It is on the River Stour.

There are three Primary Schools:  Archbishiopwake Primary School, Milldown Primary and Blandford St Mary.  There is also a Secondary School called The Blandford School.

Town Centre 
There is a large well known brewery Hall and Woodhouse who also own the Crown Hotel.

Facilities 
There is a leisure centre which has a 25m pool and children's water slide.  A sauna and steam room are next to the pool.  There is also a fully equipped gym and a cafe.

Events 
The famous annual Steam Fair is held nearby in Tarrant Hinton. and Blandford Forum is host to the rock festival every year, called Teddy Rocks which is charitable event to raise money for cancer awareness.

Annually there is a Georgian Fayre in the town centre and also a Yuletide Festival.  The Blandford Carnival is well known celebration of the local community.

References 

Towns in Dorset
Dorchester

Dorchester is the county town of Dorset, England. In 2001 there were 16,171 people living in Dorchester.

References 
 

Towns in Dorset
Hornsea

Hornsea is a town in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. In 2001 there were 8,243 people living in Hornsea.

References 
 

Towns in the East Riding of Yorkshire
Bracknell

Bracknell is a town in Berkshire, England. In 2001 there were 50,131 people living in Bracknell.

References 
 

Towns in Berkshire
Skipton

Skipton is a town in North Yorkshire, England. In 2001, 14,313 people lived in Skipton.

References 

Towns in North Yorkshire
Grange-over-Sands

Grange-over-Sands is a town in Cumbria, England. In 2001 there were 4,042 people living in Grange-over-Sands. It is located near the A590 road.

References 

Towns in Cumbria
Civil parishes in Cumbria
Aylsham

Aylsham is a town near the A140 road in Norfolk, England. In 2001 there were 3,884 people living in Aylsham.

References 

Towns in Norfolk
Maghull

Maghull is a town near the M58 motorway in Merseyside, England. In 2001 there were 22,225 people living in Maghull.

References 
 

Towns in Merseyside
Withernsea

Withernsea is a town on the A1033 road in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. In 2001 there were 5,980 people living in Withernsea.

References 

Towns in the East Riding of Yorkshire
Buntingford

Buntingford is a town near the A10 road in Hertfordshire, England. In 2001 there were 4,820 living in Buntingford.

References 
 

Towns in Hertfordshire
Buckingham

Buckingham is a town in Buckinghamshire, England. It is to the west of Milton Keynes and to the north of Aylesbury. In 2001, 11,572 people were living in Buckingham.

References 
 

Towns in Buckinghamshire
Attleborough

Attleborough is a town near the A11 road in Breckland District, Norfolk, England. In 2001 there were 9,702 people living in Attleborough.

References 

Breckland
Towns in Norfolk
Eye, Suffolk

Eye is a town in Suffolk, England. In 2001, the town had a population of  2,000 people. Eye is near the A140 road.

Twin town
Eye is twinned with 
 Pouzauges.

References 

Towns in Suffolk
Civil parishes in Suffolk
Brigg

Brigg is a small market town in North Lincolnshire, England. In 2001, it was shown that the population of Brigg was 5,076 in 2,213 households.

References 

Towns in Lincolnshire
Market Rasen

Market Rasen is a town and civil parish in West Lindsey, Lincolnshire, England. In 2001 there were 3,230 people living in Market Rasen.

References 
 

Towns in Lincolnshire
West Lindsey
Gainsborough

Gainsborough is a town and civil parish in West Lindsey, Lincolnshire, England. In 2001 there were 16,869 people living in Gainsborough.

References 
 

Towns in Lincolnshire
West Lindsey
Civil parishes in Lincolnshire
Tyldesley

Tyldesley is a village in Greater Manchester, England. Tyldesley has a library.

References 

Settlements in Greater Manchester
Villages in England
Basildon

Basildon is a large town in Essex, England. Basildon was recorded to have a population of 1,159 in 1931. It was then expanded when it became a new town in the late 1940s. It now has a population of over 100,000.

References 

Towns in Essex
Wickford

Wickford is a town in Essex, England near Basildon. Wickford has a railway station.

References 

Towns in Essex
Baldock

Baldock is a town near the A1 road in Hertfordshire, England. There is a service station on the A1 called Baldock service station.

References 

Towns in Hertfordshire
Lymington

Lymington is a town on the A337 road in Hampshire, England. Lymington has a hospital.

Related pages 
 Lymington Branch Line

References 
 

Towns in Hampshire
Holarctic

The Holarctic ecozone refers to the habitats found throughout the northern continents of the world as a whole.  

This region is divided into the Palearctic and the Nearctic. The palearctic is Northern Africa and all of Eurasia, with the exception of Southeast Asia and the Indian subcontinent. The Nearctic is North America north of southern Mexico.  

These are further subdivided into a variety of ecoregions.  Many ecosystems, and the animal and plant communities that depend on them, are found across multiple continents in large portions of this ecozone.  

The continuity of these ecosystems results from the shared glacial history of this ecozone. Also, during glacial periods, mammal fauna was able to cross from Asia to North America via the Bering Strait. 

Ecozones
Moodabidri

Moodabidri is a town in India. It is in the Dakshina Kannada district of Karnataka state. It is 37 km away from the district headquarters, Mangalore. People there speak Tulu, Konkani and Kannada. This place consist of many notable tourist spots like Thousand Pillar Temple , Kadalakere Nisarga Dhama, Hanuman Temple, Soans farm, Butterfly park, Beluvai, Satynarayana temple etc. This place is famous for its heritage and monuments . Many jain basadi's (temples of Jain religion) are the places to visit.

Towns in Karnataka
Afrotropic

The Afrotropic is one of the Earth's eight ecozones. The zone was formerly known as the Ethiopian Zone.

The zone includes Africa south of the Sahara, the southern and eastern parts of the Arabian Peninsula, the island of Madagascar, southern Iran, extreme southwestern Pakistan, and the islands of the western Indian Ocean. Almost all this land was part of the ancient southern supercontinent of Gondwana, which started to break up 150 million years ago.

Major ecological regions
Because Africa is a very large continent, and runs north/south acrsoss the equator, the zone has many different climates and habitats.

Most of the Afrotropic, has a tropical climate. A broad belt of deserts separate the Afrotropic from the Palearctic ecozone, which includes northern Africa and temperate Eurasia.

Sahel and Sudan
South of the Sahara, two belts of tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas and shrublands run east and west across the continent, from the Atlantic Ocean to the Ethiopian Highlands. 

Immediately south of the Sahara lies the Sahel belt, a transitional zone of semi-arid short grassland and Acacia savanna. 

Rainfall increases further south in the Sudan, a belt of taller grasslands and savannas. The Sudanian savanna is home to two great flooded grasslands and savannas, the Sudd wetland in the Sudan, and the Niger Inland Delta in Mali.

Southern Arabian woodlands
South Arabia, mostly Yemen and parts of western Oman and southwest Saudi Arabia, has few permanent forests. Otherwise woodlands scatter the land and are very small Juniper or Acacia forests.

Forest zone
A belt of lowland tropical moist broadleaf forests, runs across most of equatorial Africa. 

The largest tropical forest zone in Africa are the forests of the Congo Basin in Central Africa. A belt of tropical moist broadleaf forest also runs along the Indian Ocean coast, from southern Somalia to South Africa.

East Africa
The Great Rift Valley gives East Africa its unique mix of deep lakes, highlands, volcanoes and grassland.

 Acacia-Commiphora grasslands
 Serengeti
 Lake Victoria
 Ngorongoro
 Olduvai Gorge

Southern African 
Woodlands, savannas, grasslands and desert.
 Namib Desert
 Kalahari Desert

Madagascar and the Indian Ocean islands 
Madagascar and neighboring islands form a distinctive sub-region of the ecozone, with numerous endemic taxa like the lemurs. 

Madagascar and the Seychelles are not part of Africa, and that explains why the advanced primates of Africa (monkeys, apes) are not found in Madagascar. This is because Madagascar has not been connected to Africa since the break-up of Gondwana. Lemurs are found occupying more or less the same ecological niches as monkeys do in Africa.

Other Indian ocean islands, like the Comoros and Mascarene Islands, are volcanic islands that formed more recently. Madagascar contains several important biospheres: its biodiversity and numbers of unique species is high.
 Madagascar dry deciduous forests
 Madagascar spiny thickets
 Eastern Madagascar lowland rainforests

Ecozones
York Cottage

York Cottage was the home of King George V and Queen Mary when they were Duke and Duchess of York.  It is currently used as the Estate Office for Sandringham House.  Some of the building is also used as flats for estate employees and holiday accommodation.

King George V and his wife, Queen Mary, lived in the house after their marriage in 1893. 

Royal residences in the United Kingdom
Midhurst

Midhurst is a town in West Sussex, England. In 2001 there were 4,889 people living in Midhurst.

References 
 

Towns in West Sussex
Newcastle-under-Lyme

Newcastle-under-Lyme, known locally as just Newcastle, is a market town in the ceremonial county of Staffordshire in England, near to the city of Stoke-on-Trent. It is located in the Borough of Newcastle-under-Lyme, near to the borders with Shropshire and Cheshire. 

In 2011, the town had a population of 75,082 people.

The "Newcastle" part of the town's name comes from the town being the location of a new castle in the 12th century. The "Lyme" part of the name could refer to the Lyme Brook, a stream of the River Trent, or the Forest of Lyme that covered the area with lime trees in the Middle Ages.

The town is home to Newcastle-under-Lyme School, an independent school. The school was established in the 17th century.

In the 18th century, Newcastle was an important coaching town, located on the main road from Liverpool and Manchester to Birmingham and London.

Gallery

Towns in Staffordshire
Market towns in England
Matlock, Derbyshire

Matlock is a town on the A6 road in Derbyshire, England. In 2001 there were 9,496 people living in Matlock. Matlock gives its name to the lead based mineral named Matlockite.

References 
 

Towns in Derbyshire
Koteshwara

Koteshwara is a village in India. It is in Udupi district of Karnataka state. It is near Kundapur town.

Villages in India
Radiated tortoise

The radiated tortoise is a type of tortoise. It has vibrant yellow streaks down its bumpy black shell.  It lives in southern and hotter parts of Madagascar. It can stay alive up to about 50 years in the wild and about 100 years in captivity.

Description 
The radiated tortoise has a black patch on its head.  Its scaly legs are yellow.  Its shell is its most impressive feature.  The shell is black and bumpy with a pattern of yellow stripes on it.  The radiated tortoise can weigh up to 35 lbs.

Diet
The radiated tortoise likes to use the same food source many times before choosing a new one.  They eat seeds, fruit, succulent plants and shrubs.  They get their water from water pools on rocks.  It is very hot so they have to stay hydrated.

References

 
 

Turtles
Tring

Tring is a town near the A41 road and Aylesbury in Buckinghamshire, England. In 2001 there were 12,027 people living in Tring.

References 

Towns in Buckinghamshire
Clitheroe

Clitheroe is a town near the A59 road in Lancashire, England. In 2001 there were 14,697 people living in Clitheroe.

References 

Towns in Lancashire
Australasian ecozone

The Australasian zone is an ecological region which fits the geographic region of Australasia. That means Australia, New Guinea and neighbouring islands. The northern boundary is the Wallace Line. 

The ecozone includes Australia, the island of New Guinea (including Papua New Guinea and the Indonesian province of Papua). 

The smaller islands include the eastern part of the Indonesian archipelago, including the island of Sulawesi, the Moluccan islands (the Indonesian provinces of Maluku and North Maluku) and islands of Lombok, Sumbawa, Sumba, Flores, and Timor, often known as the Lesser Sundas.  

The Australasian ecozone also includes several Pacific island groups, including the Bismarck Archipelago, Vanuatu, the Solomon Islands, and New Caledonia. New Zealand and its surrounding islands are a distinctive sub-region of the Australasian ecozone.  The rest of Indonesia is part of the Indomalayan ecozone. 

The Australasian continental plate was once attached to Antarctica as part of the Gondwana supercontinent. The peculiarity of its flora and fauna is due to its long separation from the rest of the world. Apart from some birds, and until recent introductions by man, the native life had been undisturbed by invasions. The ecozone has the only two living monotremes, and has no native eutherian mammals. 

Almost all its native mammals (except the two monotremes) are marsupials. The indisputable remains of Australian placental mammals started from the Miocene, when Australia moved closer to Indonesia. After 15 million years ago (mya) bats appeared in the fossil record, and after 5-10 mya rodents did, and 1 mya rats arrived. This information is based on the fossil record. Several thousand years ago, man brought the dingo, and 200 years ago many more species. This information applies to Australia. The fauna of New Zealand, and the Pacific islands shows a different pattern. There the migrations from the Indomalayan ecozone mostly did not arrive.

Alfred Russell Wallace found the dividing line between the Australasian ecozone and the rest of the world. It runs between the islands of Lombok (Australasia) and Bali (Indomalaya).

Related pages 
Australasia
Gondwana
Biogeography
Wallace Line
Animals of New Zealand

References 

Ecozones
Australasia
Vanuatu
A Dog of Flanders

A Dog of Flanders was written in 1872 by English author Marie Louise de la Ramée.  It is about a dog named Patrasche who ends up living with an artist named Nello and his grandfather, Jeehan Daas.  

Several movies and TV series have been made based on this book. Among them are:
 A Dog of Flanders (1959 movie)
 A Dog of Flanders (1999 movie)

1870s books
Books about dogs
Novels
Eczema

Eczema (from Greek ēkzema, "to boil over") is a form of dermatitis, or inflammation of the epidermis. The epidermis is the outer layer of the skin.

Eczema is a skin disease that makes your skin dry with a red or pink color to it. It becomes irritated very easily. The person's skin may start to fall off. The person may get a rash, and skin may ooze fluids (liquid will come out from the area). If a person has eczema, the person's skin might itch and turn a lighter color in the area. Eczema is common in creases of the body (i.e. on the backs of knees, on your eyelids, in between your fingers). It worsens with extreme temperatures, so it is most common during the winter and the summer. The extreme heat can make you sweat which will irritate the dry spots. The extreme cold will dry your skin out even more. It also can become irritated from a quick change in temperature. For example, if you are outside on a summer day and come into the air conditioning. 

Eczema can last for a most of a person's life, but there is a good chance you will out grow it before you are eighteen. If you do not outgrow it by the age of eighteen, the odds that you will have it for the rest of your life increase. The good thing is, even if you do not outgrow it symptoms usually lessen the older you are. The worst breakouts are usually when you are very young. Some babies are born with eczema and deal with it a lot during their first years of life. 

There are three different kinds of eczema: atopic, contact dermatitis, and neurodermatitis. No kind of Eczema is contagious. If a person's relatives have Eczema, that person is more likely to have it, too. For example, if your father grew up having eczema there is a high likelihood you will have it during your lifetime. 

There are some foods or medicines that can start eczema. A lot of children who are sensitive to dairy or gluten will find this leads to eczema flare ups. Also, if you have an allergic reaction to a food this can cause hives which can sometimes turn into an eczema irritation spot. 

There are medicines that can help eczema hurt less. There is a medicine called hydroxyzine that is commonly used to treat it. This prevents people from itching their eczema during their sleep. There is also a new product on the market called Dupixent. This is an injection one must give to themselves once every other week. It helps to lessen the dry skin and rashes that come with eczema. 

Eczema can also be treated with lotions and ointments. It can be treated with over the counter lotions such as Eucerin, Cera Ve, or a cortisone ointment. There are also prescription steroid creams that will help the eczema spots. These are typically just stronger cortisone ointments. Also, using Aquaphor on very dry spots can help them from drying out further. In some extreme cases, people might find it necessary to receive an oral steroid or steroid shot to lessen their irritation.  Bathing with hot water will make Eczema rashes worse.

References

Diseases
Skin
John Payne

John Payne (May 28, 1912 – December 6, 1989) was an American actor and singer.

Career 
John Payne began his career playing a small role in the William Wyler movie Dodsworth (1936). In 1938 he got a role in the comedy College Swing, directed by Raoul Walsh. He appeared on Broadway from 1935 to 1939. His first starring role was playing a boxer Steve Nelson in Kid Nightingale (1939), directed by George Amy. John Payne work with Randolph Scott and Maureen O'Hara in the war movie To the Shores of Tripoli (1942), directed by H. Bruce Humberstone. 

In 1946 he got the role co-starring in Miracle on 34th Street (1947), directed by George Seaton. Another great movie starring Payne was Kansas City Confidential (1952), directed by Phil Karlson. In this movie Payne plays an ex-convict trying to become a part of society who people think robbed many armored car. 

He has also been a regular performer in Westerns movies El Paso (1949), The Eagle and the Hawk (1950) and Passage West (1951) directed by Lewis R. Foster, The Vanquished (1953), directed by Edward Ludwig, Silver Lode (1954), directed by Allan Dwan, Rails Into Laramie (1954) directed by Jesse Hibbs, Santa Fe Passage (1955) directed by William Witney, The Road to Denver (1955), directed by Joseph Kane, Tennessee's Partner (1955), where he worked with Ronald Reagan, directed by Allan Dwan, and Rebel in Town (1956) by Alfred L. Werker.

Television 
John Payne also had success in television. He was the star of western The Restless Gun. It was a television series broadcast on NBC between 1957 and 1959, Payne starred as Vint Bonner, a lone cowboy and former Confederate soldier. He also made appearances in Zane Grey Theater (1957), The Dick Powell Show (1962), The Name of the Game (1968), Gunsmoke (1970), Cade's County (1971), and Columbo (1975).

References 
Best Western Movies: Winning Pictures, Favorite Films and Hollywood B Entries, by John Howard Reid
Movie Mystery & Suspense, by John Howard Reid

Other websites 
 

 John Payne in Lux Radio Theater: Miracle on 34th Street (1948)  (Downloadable mp3 and streaming audio)

1912 births
1989 deaths
American movie actors
American television actors
Singers from Virginia
Actors from Virginia
People from Roanoke, Virginia
Plucking (glaciation)

Glacial plucking is when a glacier freezes into the side of a valley and it pulls rock away.

Geology
Stoke Fleming

Stoke Fleming is a village and civil parish on the A379 road and Start Bay, South of Dartmouth in South Hams, Devon, England. In 2001 there were 1,012 people living in Stoke Fleming. Stoke Fleming has a Library and a primary school.

References 

Villages in Devon
Civil parishes in Devon
South Hams
Another Perfect Day

Another Perfect Day is the sixth album by the British heavy metal band Motörhead. The album was released in 1983 and reached number 20 in the UK charts.

Track listing 

1983 albums
Heavy metal albums
List of capital cities by altitude

This is a list of national capitals ranked by altitude. The altitude of the cities affects the people and buildings of the place. In many cases, the cold climate in winter means a particular style of house with heating and a different lifestyle is needed to fit to the weather.

The first country in this list, Bolivia, is a country with many capitals - Sucre (constitutional capital) and La Paz (seat of government). If we consider La Paz as the national capital, then Bolivia will be ranked as number 1 in the List, but if you consider Sucre, then the capital of Ecuador - Quito - will be the highest national capital.

Lists of cities
Swilland

Swilland is a village and civil parish in Suffolk Coastal, Suffolk, England. In 2001 there ware 164 people living in Swilland. Swilland has a church called St Mary.

References 

Civil parishes in Suffolk
Villages in Suffolk
Suffolk Coastal
Newcastle Waters, Northern Territory

Newcastle Waters is a small settlement near the Stuart Highway in the Northern Territory of Australia. It is 777 km north of Alice Springs and 705 km south of Darwin. It is inside Newcastle Waters station, a large cattle station with over 45,000 head of cattle. The station covers 10,353 square kilometers. The nearest petrol station and accommodation is found 23 kilometres (14 miles) south at Elliott.

Newcastle Waters was named by the explorer, John McDouall Stuart in 1861. He named it after the Duke of Newcastle. The waterhole Stuart discovered is now called the Longreach Hole. When the Australian Overland Telegraph Line was built, a relay station was built at Newcastle Waters in 1870. The cattle station was set up in 1883. In 1930 the government set aside an area of the station for a town site. It was an important stop for moving cattle herds through the Northern Territory. However in the 1960's as cattle were moved by trucks, the town was abandoned. The buildings in the town are now in poor condition.

References

Other websites
 The Age Newcastle Waters 

Towns in the Northern Territory
1870 establishments
1870s establishments in Australia
Eastern Caribbean Central Bank

The Eastern Caribbean Central Bank is the central bank of a group of six independent Caribbean nations, namely:
 Antigua and Barbuda,
 Grenada,
 Saint Kitts and Nevis,
 Commonwealth of Dominica,
 Saint Lucia,
 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines,
and 2 British overseas territories
 Anguilla,
 Montserrat.

It was set up in October 1983 in order to keep the East Caribbean dollar (EC$) stable, to regulate the banking system and to help the balanced growth and development of member states. Its headquarters are in Basseterre, on the island of St. Kitts.

All of the ECCB members are also a part of the Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS).

Related pages
East Caribbean dollar
Eastern Caribbean Securities Exchange

Other websites
 Eastern Caribbean Central Bank Web site 

Central banks
Saint Kitts and Nevis
Caribbean
1983 establishments in North America
Banks of North America
Framlingham railway station

Framlingham railway station is a railway station in Framlingham, Suffolk, United Kingdom. It opened in 1859, and ended passenger service in 1952. Freight service ended in 1963.

References

Other websites
 Framlingham station on navigable 1946 O. S. map

Railway stations in Suffolk
1859 establishments in the United Kingdom
1850s establishments in England
1952 disestablishments
1950s disestablishments in the United Kingdom
1963 disestablishments in the United Kingdom
20th-century disestablishments in England
Westerfield railway station

Westerfield is a railway station in Westerfield Suffolk, England. The station is a junction of the Felixstowe Branch Line to Felixstowe, and the East Suffolk Line to Lowestoft. The station is 6 km (3½ miles) east of Ipswich. Westerfield is a small village north of Ipswich and the station is situated on the south side of the village. As a result patronage has never been high and it might be the fact because the location is a junction that has been partly responsible for keeping it open.

Other websites 

Railway stations in Suffolk
Railway stations served by National Express East Anglia
Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court

Not to be confused with the Caribbean Court of Justice.
The Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (ECSC) is a higher court for the Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS), including six independent states: Antigua and Barbuda, the Commonwealth of Dominica, Grenada, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines and three British Overseas Territories (Anguilla, British Virgin Islands, and Montserrat). It has unlimited jurisdiction in each member State.

History
The ECSC was set up in 1967 by the West Indies Associated States Supreme Court Order No. 223 of 1967. In Grenada, the Court is called "the Supreme Court of Grenada and the West Indies Associated States". See section 105 of the Grenada Constitution.

Functions
The functions of the ECSC are as follows:
 To interpret and apply the laws of the various member states of the OECS;
 To decide cases of both civil and criminal matters;
 To hear appeals.

Composition

Location
The Headquarters of the ECSC is in the Heraldine Rock Building, Waterfront, Castries, Saint Lucia. The building houses the Justices of Appeal’s chambers, the Court of Appeal Registry, the Judicial Education Institute, Library, and the Administrative Services.

Also, there are Court Offices in the nine Member States, which house the chambers of the High Court Judges and the offices of the High Court Registry. Each High Court Registry is headed by a legally trained Registrar to give administrative and legal support for the working of the High Court.

Related pages
Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States
Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (JCPC)
Caribbean Court of Justice

References

Other websites
Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court website 

Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States

International organizations
1967 establishments
Courts (law)
Pope John XIX

Pope John XIX (;   -died October 1032), born Romanus, was an Italian bishop of the Roman Catholic Church and the 145th Pope from 1024 to 1032.

Early life
Romanus was born in Rome to the noble Tusculum family. He was the brother of Pope Benedict VIII and the uncle of Pope Benedict IX.

Pope
Romanus was elected pope in 1024. His family used his money and influence to make Romanus the pope. This was called simony.  He chose the name Pope John, and he is known as John XIX.

After his election, Pope John became a priest and a bishop.

John XIX is credited as the first pope to grant an indulgence.

His successor was his nephew, who became known as Benedict IX.

Related pages
 List of popes
 List of popes from the Tusculum family

References

Other websites

 
  Catholic Hierarchy, Popes in sequence
  Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church, Deacon Romano

Year of birth unknown
1032 deaths
Italian popes
Martin Luther King, Sr.

The Reverend Martin Luther King, Sr. (born Michael King; December 19, 1899  – November 11, 1984) was an African American civil rights activist and the father of Martin Luther King, Jr.  He was a Baptist minister. His son - Martin Luther King, Junior - was a civil rights activist who went against racial segregation. His spouse, Alberta Williams King, was assassinated.

1899 births
1984 deaths
African-American people
American Baptists
American civil rights activists
Christian ministers
Deaths from myocardial infarction
People from Atlanta, Georgia
Pico Rivera, California

Pico Rivera is a city in Los Angeles County, California.  It is in the southeastern part of the county, near Whittier and Montebello.  The city was formed in 1958 when the communities of Pico and Rivera came together.  Those places had been farming towns, but became residential after World War II.  At one time, there was a large factory that made Ford cars in Pico Rivera.  The city has a large Mexican-American population, with Latinos making up 88% of the population.

References

Cities in California
Settlements in Los Angeles County, California
1958 establishments in the United States
1950s establishments in California
Open Door Policy

The Open Door Policy was a policy between China, the United States and several nations in Europe.  It opened trade with China to each of these nations.  Prior to that, China was a closed country.  Europe was about to fight a war to open up China by force.  This grew out of the Open Door Notes sent by United States Secretary of State John Hay to diplomats in Europe.

   

History of the United States
History of China
Goblin

A goblin is a legendary evil or mischievous creature, described as a grotesquely evil. They are attributed with various abilities, temperaments and appearances depending on the story and country of origin.

It also is a creature famous for its ugly appearance.

Related pages
Orc
The Hobbit
Troll
Oni (folklore)

Legendary creatures
Red Forest

The Red Forest (, ) is in the area around the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant. The forest is the trees in the 10 km² around the damaged nuclear reactor. The name "Red Forest" comes from color of the pine trees that died after taking in high levels of radiation from the Chernobyl accident on April 26, 1986. The trees became reddish-brown. People took down the trees and buried them in 'waste graveyards' while cleaning up after the disaster. The Red Forest is one of the areas in the world today with the most radioactivity.

References

Other websites
Description of Red Forest - unique ecosystem of Chernobyl zone of alienation. (radiation dead forest ecosystem)
Greenpeace ten-year retrospective 
The Zone as a wildlife reserve
More images from inside the Zone
 25 years of satellite imagery over Chernobyl 

Forests of Europe
Geography of Ukraine
Fasciola hepatica

Fasciola hepatica (also known as the common liver fluke) is a parasitic trematode (fluke or flatworm) in the phylum Platyhelminthes.

It infects the livers of various mammals, including humans. The disease caused by the fluke is called fascioliasis. It has been classified as a neglected tropical disease. 

F. hepatica is distributed worldwide, and has been known as an important parasite of sheep and cattle for hundreds of years. It causes great economic losses in sheep and cattle. Because of its size and economic importance, it has been the subject of many scientific investigations and may be the best-known of any trematode species.

Life cycle

References 

Parasites
Flatworms
Valentine's Day (2010 movie)

Valentine's Day is a 2010 American romantic comedy movie. It is set in Los Angeles. It stars Jessica Alba, Julia Roberts, and Jessica Biel.

The film made $52.4 million its opening weekend.

Many people think the movie is very much like the British movie Love Actually.

Awards and nominations

References

Other websites
 
 

2010 comedy movies
2010 romance movies
2010s LGBT movies
2010s romantic comedy movies
American LGBT movies
American romantic comedy movies
English-language movies
LGBT comedy movies
Movies about couples
Movies set in Los Angeles
Warner Bros. movies