cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Perry Anderson

Francis Rory Peregrine "Perry" Anderson (born 11 September 1938) is a British historian and political essayist. He is a specialist in intellectual history such as the post-1956 Western Marxism of the New Left.

Anderson was educated at Eton College and Worcester College, Oxford.

He is Professor of History and Sociology at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) and a former editor of the New Left Review. Anderson has written several books, the latest being The Indian Ideology (2012), a polemic against the Indian nation-building project. He is the brother of political scientist Benedict Anderson.

References

Other websites
 Archive of Perry Anderson's articles for The Nation
 Archive of Perry Anderson's articles for The New Left Review
 The New Statesman Profile – Perry Anderson

1938 births
Living people
Alumni of the University of Oxford
English historians
People educated at Eton College
Writers from London
Lillian Vernon

Lillian Vernon (born Lilli Menasche; March 18, 1927 – December 14, 2015) was an American businesswoman, entrepreneur, and philanthropist. She founded the Lillian Vernon Corporation in 1951 and served as its chairman and CEO until July 1989, though she continued to serve as executive chairman until 2003.

Personal life 
Vernon was born in Leipzig, Germany. Because they were of Jewish descent the Vernon family fled to the United States in 1937.

Vernon died from congestive heart failure in Manhattan, New York City at the age of 88.

References

1927 births
2015 deaths
American chief executives
American Jews
American philanthropists
Businesspeople from New York City
Deaths from congestive heart failure
German Jews
Jewish businesspeople
Jewish philanthropists
Naturalized citizens of the United States
People from Leipzig
Refugees from Nazism
Writers from New York City
Jestina Mukoko

Jestina Mukoko is a human rights activist and journalist from Zimbabwe.  In 2010, she received the International Women of Courage Award.

Work 

Jestina Mukoko is the director of the Zimbabwe Peace Project. She studied to be a journalist, and she was a newsreader with the Zimbabwe Broadcasting Corporation.

Kidnapping 

On December 3, 2008, Jestina Mukoko was kidnapped from her house near the city of Harare. Dumisani Muleya of Business Day newspaper said that she was "abducted by suspected state agents for allegedly being involved in plans for anti government demonstrations."

Mukoko told The Independent newspaper that they asked her about her NGO, the Peace Project.  The said she wanted to train young people to fight the government. They beat her on the bottom of her feet with rubber hoses.  They said this is a favourite torture instrument in Zimbabwe because it does not leave a mark on the feet for later.

International attention 

Many world leaders asked for her freedom, including Gordon Brown and Condoleezza Rice.   A "Group of Elders", including Jimmy Carter, Kofi Annan and Graca Machel, wanted to come to Zimbabwe, but the government refused to let them come in.  Instead, they talked to the newspapers in South Africa. 

The Zimbabwe High Court told the Zimbabwe Republic Police to look for Mukoko.  The police did nothing.  They said they did not know where she was.

Freedom   

On 24 December, Mukoko appeared in court in Harare on charges of trying to get young people to fight the government.  She did not have a lawyer. She was with seven other people who were kidnapped. The group included a 72-year-old man and a two-year-old boy whose father and mother, Violet Mupfuranhehwe and Collen Mutemagawo, were also prisoners.  In March 2009, three months after her kidnapping, Jestina Mukoko was free on bail. She had to go to the police station every week. They took her passport. On 21 September 2009 the Zimbabwe Supreme Court said she was free. Amnesty International said this was a good decision.

References

Other websites 

 2010 International Women of Courage Awards, U.S. State Department photostream on Flickr 
Secretary's International Women of Courage Award (U.S. Department of State)

Women who received the International Women of Courage Award
Zimbabwean people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Journalists
Human rights activists
Ananda Prasad Pokharel

Ananda Prasad Pokharel is a Nepali politician. He is currently the Minister for Culture, Tourism and Civil Aviation in Nepal. He is also a member of Napal's Investment Board.

References 

Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist–Leninist) politicians
UNOVIS

UNOVIS was an important group of Russian artists. It was taken over by Kazimir Malevich at the Vitebsk Art School in 1919. It started of with a group of students and was called MOLPOSNOVIS. The group developed new idea about art. Once Malevich became the leader they changed their name to UNOVIS. The group only lasted until 1926.
UNOVIS stood for "Utverditeli Novovo Iskusstva" which is Russian. In English it meant "affirmers of the new art".

Foundation and growth
The group had many changes. First known as MOLPOSNOVIS, after the school's teachers joined and it became POSNOVIS. In 1920, Malevich was invited them to teach at the school in 1919 by Marc Chagall. In February of the same year Malevich became leader.

References 

Russian artists
Zakho

Zakho is a city in Iraqi Kurdistan. It has about 350,000 inhabitants. It is in the Dahuk Province. There is a university in Zaxo. The biggest soccer club is Zakho FC.

Cities in Iraq
Kurdistan
Duhok

Duhok is a city in Iraqi Kurdistan. The city is the capital of Dahuk Province and has a population of 500,000. There is a university in Duhok. The soccer club is Duhok SC.

References

Cities in Iraq
Kurdistan
Ethiopian calendar

The Ethiopian calendar is the main calendar used in Ethiopia. It serves as the liturgical calendar for Christians in Eritrea and Ethiopia belonging to the Orthodox Tewahedo churches, Eastern Catholic Church and Coptic Orthodox Church. It is a solar calendar which comes from the Egyptian calendar. But like the Julian calendar, it adds a leap day every four years. It begins the year on August 29 or August 30 in the Julian calendar.  A seven to eight-year gap between the Ethiopian and Gregorian calendars results from an alternate calculation in determining the date of the annunciation of Jesus.

Makeup 
Like the Coptic calendar, the Ethiopic calendar has twelve months of 30 days plus five or six epagomenal days, which make up a thirteenth month. The Ethiopian months begin on the same days as those of the Coptic calendar. The names of the days are in Ge'ez. The sixth epagomenal day is added every four years without exception on August 29 of the Julian calendar. This occurs six months before the Julian leap day. Thus the first day of the Ethiopian year, 1 Mäskäräm, for years between 1900 and 2099 (inclusive), is usually September 11 (Gregorian). It, however, falls on September 12 in years before the Gregorian leap year. The Ethiopian New Year falls on September 11 of the Gregorian calendar. On leap years it falls on September 12.

History 
In 1582 the Christian world changed from the Julian calendar to the Gregorian calendar. Ethiopia did not make the change. As a result, Ethiopia is seven years and eight months behind those countries that use the Gregorian calendar. Christmas and Easter fall on different dates than they would elsewhere.

Tourists 
In Ethiopia banks, airlines and other institutions that tourists would use run on the western calendar. Everywhere else the Ethiopian calendar is used. That may cause some confusion.

Notes

References

Other websites 
 Current local time and date in Ethiopia

Ethiopia
Calendars
East of England Ambulance Service

The East of England Ambulance Service NHS Trust (EEAST) is the company that provides ambulance services in the counties of Bedfordshire, Cambridgeshire, Essex, Hertfordshire, Norfolk and Suffolk, in the East of England. The service is free, which means people who are hurt do not have to pay money to be driven to a hospital. Under the Patient's Charter every person in the United Kingdom is allowed to use an ambulance if there is an emergency.

The East England Ambulance Service do not only drive people to hospitals, they also help heal people who are injured and are too far from a hospital.

History
The company was formed on 1 July 2006, when three ambulance companies came together. These companies were the Bedfordshire and Hertfordshire Ambulance and Paramedic Service NHS Trust, the East Anglian Ambulance NHS Trust, and the Essex Ambulance Service NHS Trust. The result was an ambulance service covering an area of over  with a population of 5.8 million people, and one which answers over 500,000 emergency calls every year.

In 2009, the Trust got in trouble by the Care Quality Commission because the ambulances were dirty and the employees did not know how to handle many medical procedures.

Statistics and resources
In 2009 and 2010, the company went to 668,451 emergency calls, including 207,626 high-priority "category A" emergencies. It arrived at 75.67% of these "category A" calls within eight minutes, and 96.04% within 19 minutes.

The company has the following vehicles and stations in operation:

 273 emergency ambulances
 237 ambulances not for emergencies
 215 marked fast-response cars
 25 big incident support vehicles; cleanup equipment, and mobile control rooms
 110 ambulance stations and response posts
 3 Health Emergency Operations Centers (control rooms) in Bedford, Chelmsford and Norwich

The company has a driving school. This school has trained more than 220 employees in emergency driving.

3,994 people work at the ambulance company.

Related pages
 Emergency medical services in the United Kingdom

References

Other websites
 East of England Ambulance Service NHS Trust

2006 establishments in England
England
Emergency services
Geastrum quadrifidum

Geastrum quadrifidum or the rayed earthstar, or four-footed earthstar, is an inedible species of mushroom. It is a species of  Geastrum, or earthstar fungi. It was first described scientifically by Christian Hendrik Persoon in 1794. It is found in Europe, the Americas, Africa, Asia, and Australasia. The fungus is a saprobe. It feeds on dead wood and plant materials.

References 

Fungi
Physical dependence

Physical dependence is a term used in medicine: If a drug is taken regularly, a certain level of tolerance may have developed. Abruptly stopping to use the drug will cause drug withdrawal symptoms. If the drug has been taken for a longer period of time, or the dosage was higher, the withdrawal symptoms will be more severe. Well known drugs with withdrawal symptoms include opioids, alcohol, and may of the drugs knownn as neuroleptics.

Medicine
Gabre Gabric

Ljubica "Gabre" Gabric (17 October 1914 – 16 December 2015) was a Croatian-born Italian track and field athlete. She competed in the 1936 Summer Olympics and in the 1948 Summer Olympics. Her best discus throw was 43.35 m (1939). 

She was the widow of Sandro Calvesi, mother-in-law of Eddy Ottoz and the grandmother of Laurent Ottoz and Patrick Ottoz.

References

Other websites

 Biography 

1914 births
2015 deaths
1936 Summer Olympics
1948 Summer Olympics
Croatian sportspeople
Italian athletes
Italian centenarians
Italian Olympians
Licio Gelli

Licio Gelli (; April 21, 1919 – December 15, 2015) was an Italian financier, politician, and writer. He was known for his role in the Banco Ambrosiano scandal. He was revealed in 1981 as being the Venerable Master of the clandestine lodge Propaganda Due (P2).

Early life
Gelli was born in Pistoia, Tuscany. During the 1930s, Gelli volunteered for the Blackshirts expeditionary forces sent by Mussolini in support of Francisco Franco's rebellion in the Spanish Civil War.

Nobel Prize nomination
In 1996, Gelli was nominated as a candidate for the Nobel Prize in Literature, supported by Mother Teresa and Naguib Mahfouz.

Death
Gelli died in Arezzo, Tuscany from respiratory failure at the age of 96.

Further reading
Ginsborg, Paul (2003). Italy and Its Discontents, London: Palgrave Macmillan  (Review Institute of Historical Research  | Review New York Times )

References

Other websites

 Site of Italian newspaper "Il Piave" where Gelli writes regularly

1919 births
2015 deaths
Deaths from respiratory failure
Freemasons
Italian esotericists
Italian politicians
Italian writers
People from Tuscany
John Cabot

John  Cabot (, (1450 – 1499) was an Italian navigator and explorer. In 1497, sailing westward from England in his ship Matthew, he landed in what he thought was Asia. In fact he came to North America, in what is now eastern Canada, which he claimed for King Henry VII. he landed in what is now known as Bonavista, Newfoundland. A town in the most eastern province of Canada. He died in England in 1499.

Early years 
Giovanni Caboto (his Italian name) was probably born in Genoa about 1450. Most of his early life was not written about so much of his history is missing. When he was still young his family moved to Venice. Venice was a larger seaport than Genoa and at the time was the most important in all of Europe. Growing up there he learned a great deal about sailing and the sea. Cabot became an excellent sailor. His father was a trader and taught Giovanni (John) all about the spice trade.

Cabot married a young woman named Mattea (female form of the name Matthew) about 1482. They had three sons who all sailed with their father. By this time he was a merchant and traveled widely. He and his family moved to the port of Bristol, England about 1490.

Voyage to North America 
He set sail from Bristol. Cabot sailed across the North Atlantic in about seven weeks. His ship, the Matthew had a crew of 20 men. During the voyage they saw enormous quantities of Cod fish. Fishermen would soon follow to take advantage of the rich fishing of the Grand Banks of Newfoundland.

References 

1450 births
1490s deaths
Italian explorers
Euler-Bernoulli Beam Theory

Euler–Bernoulli beam theory (also known as engineer's beam theory or classical beam theory) is a simple method to calculate bending of beams when a load is applied. This applies to  small deflections (how far something moves) of a beam without considering effects of shear deformations. Therefore, it can be considered a special case of the Timoshenko beam theory. It was first introduced around 1750. It gained popularity during the development of the Eiffel Tower and the Ferris wheel in the late 19th century. After that, it was used in many engineering fields including mechanical engineering and civil engineering. Although other advanced methods have been developed, the Euler-Bernoulli beam theory is still widely used because of its simplicity.

History 

Leonhard Euler and Daniel Bernoulli were the first to put together the theory in 1750.
At the time, science and engineering were viewed differently than today. Mathematical theories such as the Euler-Bernoulli Beam theory were not trusted for practical engineering use. Bridges and buildings continued to be designed using the same methods until the late 19th century. This is when the Eiffel Tower and Ferris wheel showed the validity of the theory on a larger scale.

Static beam equation 

The Euler–Bernoulli equation describes the relationship between the beam's deflection and the applied load is as shown below:
 
Where  describes the deflection  of the beam in the  direction at some position .  is a distributed load, in other words a force per unit length (analogous to pressure being a force per area); it may be a function of , , or other variables.

References 

Elasticity (physics)
Equations
Engineering
Shameful Secrets

Shameful Secrets, also known as Going Underground, is an American television movie. It was aired on ABC on October 10, 1993. It is about a child custody battle between Maryanne Walker-Tate (played by Joanna Kerns) and her abusive husband Daniel Tate (played by Tim Matheson).

References 
 

1993 movies
1990s drama movies
American drama movies
American television movies
Movies about domestic violence
William Ruto

William Samoei arap Ruto (born 21 December 1966) is a Kenyan politician. He has been Deputy President of Kenya since 2013. Ruto served as the Acting President of Kenya between 5 and 8 October 2014 while President Uhuru Kenyatta was away at the Hague. He previously served in various ministerial positions including the Ministry of Agriculture and Ministry of Higher Education. He was Secretary General of KANU, the former ruling political party. Ruto was a member of Parliament for Eldoret North Constituency between December 1997 and January 2013. He won the seat in the 1997 Kenyan election after defeating Reuben Chesire. 

Ruto has been charged with crimes including murder by the International Criminal Court. The trial has been ongoing since 10 September 2013. The charges against him were dropped in 2016 due to lack of evidence by Fatou Bensouda.

References 

Politicians
1966 births
People from Nairobi
Willamette Valley

The Willamette Valley () is a  long valley in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States.  The entire valley is in the state of Oregon. The valley contains the political and cultural areas of Oregon.  It is home to about 70 percent of its population.  This includes Portland, its largest city, and  Salem, the state capital. The Willamette River flows the entire length of the valley.  The valley is surrounded by mountains on three sides - the Oregon Coast Range to the west, the Cascade Range to the east, and the Calapooya Mountains to the south. 

The valley's many waterways are important to the economy of Oregon.  They continuously put highly fertile alluvial soils on the valley's broad, flat plain. The valley was widely publicized in the 1820s as a 'promised land of flowing milk and honey'. Throughout the 19th century it was the destination for the oxen-drawn wagon trains of people on the Oregon Trail.

Today the valley is home to "Oregon Wine Country". Tt contains more than 19,000 acres of vineyards and 500+ wineries.

References

Geography of Oregon
Valleys of the United States
Indian softshell turtle

The Indian softshell turtle (Nilssonia gangetica), or Ganges softshell turtle is a species of softshell turtle. It lives in rivers such as the Ganges and Mahanadi in India and Bangladesh. Its shell can be up to  in length. It feeds mostly on fish, amphibians, carrion and other animal matter, but also eats aquatic plants. The turtle is listed as a vulnerable species.

The turtle has a long neck and a long nose, which means it is able to easily keep the tip of the nose out of the water to breathe. It has an oval shaped shell, which is also fairly flat and smooth which means it is able to swim very fast.

These turtles are often kept in the temple ponds of Odisha where they are considered sacred.

The Indian softshell turtle is under threat as 30 to 40 tons of turtle meat is sold in markets every week. The shells are also used to make masks, which are sold to tourists. The turtles' habitat is also being changed by the building of dams, drainage works, and increasing levels of fishing and farming.

References

Turtles
National symbols of Bangladesh
Marine Le Pen

Marine Le Pen (; born Marion Anne Perrine Le Pen; 5 August 1968) is a French politician. She was the leader of the National Front (FN) political party from 2011 until her resignation in 2017. She is a lawyer. She is the youngest daughter of Jean-Marie Le Pen, who was leader of FN for many years. She is the aunt of Marion Maréchal-Le Pen.

Le Pen unsuccessfully ran for President of France in the 2017 election, losing to Emmanuel Macron in the second round. She is running again in the 2022 election.

Biography 
Marine Le Pen and her family has been the target of an assassination attempt in 1976 when she was 8 years old. She has studied law at Panthéon-Assas University and has become a barrister. She joined the National Front in 1998 and rose to prominence, being elected in several positions such as Member of the European Parliament in 2004, to finally succeed to her father at the head of the party in 2011.

Since that, Le Pen has led a movement of "de-demonisation of the National Front" (in reference to her father's nickname "The Devil of the Republic") in order to detoxify it and soften its image. She is considered to be far more republican and democratic than her controversial and nationalist father. Her success is also based on a renovated political speech and a renewed team. She got the best FN score at the 2012 French presidential election and her party have progressed in next elections until shoving the traditional bipartisan between right and left wings in France.

She has been ranked among the most influential people in the 2011 and 2015 Time 100.

References 

1968 births
Living people
French Roman Catholics
French lawyers
MEPs for France
National Front (France) politicians
Leaders of political parties
Politicians from Ile-de-France
Women lawyers
Akseli Gallen-Kallela

Akseli Gallen-Kallela (26 April 1865 – 7 March 1931) was an artist from Finland. He started his career with realistic pictures of poor people from the countryside, and continued with romantic paintings of the themes of the Kalevala, the Finnish national epic. His work was considered very important for the Finnish national identity. He pioneered major changes in Finnish art. 

In addition to paintings Gallen-Kallela made prints, frescoes and designed textiles and furniture. His house and studio Kalela became a work of total art.

When Finland became independent, Gallen-Kallela designed uniforms and medals for its army.

Gallery

References 

1865 births
1931 deaths
Finnish artists
Root hair

A root hair of a vascular plant, is a tubular outgrowth of a hair-forming cell on the epidermis of a plant root.

They are lateral extensions of a single cell, and invisible to the naked eye and light microscope. The function of root hairs is to collect water and mineral nutrients from the soil. This solution goes up through the roots to the rest of the plant.

Root hair cells survive for 2 to 3 weeks and then die off. New root hair cells are continually being formed at the tip of the root. This way, the root hair coverage stays the same.

Related pages 
Mycorrhiza

Plant anatomy
Tenualosa ilisha

Tenualosa ilisha (ilish, hilsa, hilsa herring or hilsa shad) is a species of fish in the  Clupeidae (herring) family. 

It is a popular food dish in South India, East India and in the People's Republic of Bangladesh. The fish contributes about 12% of the total fish production and about 1% of GDP (money earned) in Bangladesh. About 450,000 people are directly involved with catching it for a living. About four to five million people are involved in the trade.

It is also the National fish of Bangladesh. Other names include: palla fish, hilsha, ellis, ilish, (Bengali:ইলিশ): ilish, (Oriya:ଇଲିଶି): ilishii, Sindhī: پلو مڇي pallu machhi, (Telugu:పులస): pulasa or polasa.

References

Fish
Clupeiformes
National symbols of Bangladesh
Meyerasaurus

Meyerasaurus is an extinct genus of plesiosaur. An almost complete fossil was found in Holzmaden, Baden-Württemberg, southeastern Germany. It was a medium-sized,  3.35 m (11.0 ft) long, pliosaur.

The specimen was collected from shale over 150 years ago. The shale dates to the early Jurassic, about 183–180 million years ago (mya). The specimen was described as a species of Plesiosaurus a hundred years ago. It got its new name in 2010.

Most members of its family, the Rhomaleosauridae, have been found in England. They were found in the lower Blue Lias deposits which date to the earliest Jurassic, just above the boundary with the Triassic.

References 

Plesiosaurs
In the Line of Duty: The FBI Murders

In the Line of Duty: The F.B.I. Murders is a 1988 television crime movie starring David Soul. It is about a real event that happened in April 1986 and has since become known as "Bloody Friday". Two former army buddies, Mike Platt (played by David Soul) and Bill Matix (Michael Gross), commit a series of murders and bank robberies in Miami, Florida. A group of F.B.I. agents led by Benjamin Grogan (Ronny Cox), was assigned to the investigation. The story ends with one of the bloodiest clashes in FBI history, the 1986 FBI Miami shootout. It took place in the middle of a residential suburb in broad daylight. The movie was released on November 27, 1988.

References 

American television movies
1988 movies
Diatonic scale

The diatonic scale is one of the scales used in music. It is also called heptatonic scale, because it uses seven distinct pitch classes or tones. For each octave there are five whole steps and two half steps. The two half steps are separated by two or three whole steps.  The word "diatonic" comes from the Greek , meaning progressing through tones.

The seven pitches of any diatonic scale can be obtained using a chain of six perfect fifths. An example of this would be  the seven natural pitches which form the C-major scale. It can be constructed from a stack of perfect fifths starting from F:
F—C—G—D—A—E—B
This property of the diatonic scale is called Pythagorean tuning. It was historically relevant and contributed to the worldwide diffusion of diatonic scales, because it allowed musicians to tune musical instruments easily by ear.

Any sequence of seven successive natural notes, such as C-D-E-F-G-A-B, and all transpositions, are diatonic scales. Piano keyboards are designed to play natural notes, which are diatonic scales, with their white keys. A diatonic scale can be also described as two tetrachords separated by a whole tone.

The term diatonic originally referred to the diatonic genus, one of the three genera of the ancient Greeks. In musical set theory, Allen Forte classifies diatonic scales as set form 7–35.

The following scales are diatonic:
 Modes, mainly used in  Church music
 The altered scale, which is widely used for Jazz music
 harmonic minor or the melodic minor.

Examples of scales that are not diatonic are whole-tone scales, as well as the gypsy scales, which are often used for folk music.

Other websites
 Diatonic Scale on Eric Weisstein's Treasure trove of Music
 The diatonic scale on the guitar

References

Music theory
Deepto TV

Deepto TV () is a private HD television channel in Bangladesh. The channel started broadcasting on 18 November 2015. The channel has daily drama serials. It also shows Bengali-dubbed programs from other countries
.

References

Other websites 
website

 

Television channels in India
2015 establishments in Asia
21st-century establishments in Bangladesh
Vanessa Paradis

Vanessa Chantal Paradis (born 22 December 1972) is a French singer, model and actress.

She became a child star at age of 14 with the great worldwide success of her single "Joe le taxi". Since 1991, she has been a spokesmodel for Chanel. She was in a relationship with American actor Johnny Depp from 1998 to 2012, and they have two children: Lily-Rose and John "Jack" Christopher Depp III. She is also the older sister of Alysson Paradis, who is also an actress.

Other websites 

 
 Vanessa Paradis at Universal Music
 
 

1972 births
Living people
French actors
Child actors
Child singers
French models
French singers
French musicians
Database of Molecular Motions

The Database of Macromolecular Motions is a bioinformatics computer database on the Internet. It attempts to divide motions of protein and some RNA biological molecules into different types.

Description 
It was originally made by Mark B. Gerstein, Werner G. Krebs and Nat Echols in the molecular biophysics and biochemistry group at Yale University. People can use an Internet page to search this computer database for a particular motion by either the protein name or Protein Data Bank number. However, many people find this computer database by just coming over from the Internet page for the protein entry at the Protein Data Bank. For proteins found in both computer databases, this different computer database often gives a link back to the Internet page for the protein on this Internet site.

The computer database includes an Internet tool or free Software as a service (the "Morph server") which lets 
non-experts see certain protein motions through the generation of short motion pictures. The motion pictures are made automatically by computer software on the Internet site. When done the Internet site sends an email with the motion picture information back to the user.

The "Morph Server" tool was originally a research tool rather than a tool for making motion pictures, and thus offered
only limited user control over rendering, color, and point of view, and the original method
sometimes required a fair amount of computer time to complete. Since the site's
initial introduction in 1996, the Internet site has been made better
to try to fix some of these issues as well
as add new things.
Other people have now made alternative systems, such as MovieMaker  from the University of Alberta.

References

Other websites 
The Database of Macromolecular Motions (molmovdb)
Book Chapter on Protein Motions  from website of RH Austin at Princeton University

Proteins
Databases
Helge Solum Larsen

Helge Solum Larsen (14 January 1969 – 18 December 2015) was a Norwegian businessman and politician. He was a member of the Liberal Party. He served as deputy leader of the party from 2010 to 2012.

From 1994 to 1997 he was leader of the Young Liberals of Norway, the youth wing of the Liberal Party. He served as a deputy representative to the Parliament of Norway from Rogaland during the terms 1997–2001 and 2005–2009.

Larsen died from a sudden illness on 18 December 2015, aged 46.

References

1969 births
2015 deaths
Norwegian politicians
Buckshot Hoffner

Sebastian Fabian Hoffner, known by his nickname Buckshot Hoffner (January 20, 1924 – December 17, 2015), was an American politician. He was a member of the North Dakota House of Representatives and North Dakota State Senate for 18 years in total. 

He was born and raised in Esmond, North Dakota. He was a veteran of World War II. Hoffner served as a Democrat in three separate stints in the House of Representatives: from 1962 to 1966, 1968 to 1972 and 1983 to 1984 in addition to serving as the House's minority leader in the 1971 session. During his eight years in the Senate from 1972 to 1980, he was its minority leader from 1975 to 1980.

Hoffner died on December 17, 2015 in Bismarck, North Dakota from heart failure, aged 91.

References

1924 births
2015 deaths
American military personnel of World War II
Deaths from heart failure
Politicians from North Dakota
US Democratic Party politicians
Harry Zvi Tabor

Harry Zvi Tabor (7 March 1917 – 15 December 2015) was a British-born Israeli physicist. He was known as the father of Israeli solar energy.  Tabor was also involved in bringing Israel's solar energy program to international awareness.

Tabor was born in London. He died in Jerusalem on 15 December 2015 at the age of 98.

Awards and recognition 
 1975 – Royal Society Energy Award
 1979 – Inducted in Solar Hall of Fame
 1981 – International Solar Energy Society Award
 1981 – Krupp Foundation Energy Award
 1994 – Passive Low Energy Architecture International Award
 1995 – Israeli Knesset Quality of Life Award
 2014 – Israeli President's Medal of Distinction

References

1917 births
2015 deaths
British Jews
Israeli Jews
Israeli physicists
Jewish scientists
Naturalized citizens of Israel
British physicists
Scientists from London
Hebrew University of Jerusalem alumni
Hal Brown

Hector Harold "Hal" Brown (December 11, 1924 - December 17, 2015), nicknamed "Skinny", was an American pitcher in Major League Baseball. He played from  through  for the Chicago White Sox, Boston Red Sox, Baltimore Orioles, New York Yankees, and Houston Colt .45s.

He batted and threw right-handed; nicknamed 'Skinny Brown' by his parents because he was obese as a child. Brown weighed  and stood  tall during his active career. Brown was born in Greensboro, North Carolina.

Brown died in Greensboro, North Carolina, aged 91.

References

Other websites
Baseball Library 
Retrosheet
The ESPN Baseball Encyclopedia – Gary Gillette, Peter Gammons, Pete Palmer. Publisher: Sterling Publishing, 2005. Format: Paperback, 1824pp. Language: English. 

1924 births
2015 deaths
Chicago White Sox players
Boston Red Sox players
Baltimore Orioles players
New York Yankees players
Houston Astros players
Sportspeople from North Carolina
People from Greensboro, North Carolina
Peter Dickinson

Peter Malcolm de Brissac Dickinson OBE FRSL (16 December 1927 – 16 December 2015) was an English author and poet. He was best known for children's books and detective stories.

Dickinson won the annual Carnegie Medal from the Library Association for both Tulku (1979) and City of Gold (1980), each being called as the year's outstanding children's book by a British subject. Through 2012 he is one of seven writers to win two Carnegies; no one has won three. 

For his contributions as a children's writer Dickinson was a finalist for the Hans Christian Andersen Medal in 2000.

Dickinson died on his birthday in Winchester, Hampshire, England from an illness, aged 88.

References

1927 births
2015 deaths
Alumni of the University of Cambridge
Disease-related deaths in Hampshire
English children's writers
English poets
People educated at Eton College
Combine harvester

A combine harvester, also called a combine, is a machine that harvests crops. Its name comes from doing three separate parts of harvesting crops at once: 
reaping: cutting and collecting crops when they are ready for harvesting, 
threshing: separating the parts of a crop that can be eaten by people from the parts that can't, and 
winnowing: removing the already separated parts of the crop that can't be eaten by people, the chaff, while keeping the part that can be eaten, the grain. 

Far fewer people work in farming as a result of the combine harvester.

References

Agricultural machinery
Greville Janner

Greville Ewan Janner, Baron Janner of Braunstone (11 July 1928 – 19 December 2015) was a British politician, barrister and writer.

He was QC since 1971, he was a Labour MP from 1970 to 1997; and then a member of the House of Lords until he died. He was associated with a number of Jewish organisations including the Board of Deputies of British Jews, of which he was chairman from 1978 to 1984, and he was prominent in the field of education about the Holocaust.

Janner was alleged to have abused vulnerable children from 1955 to 1988.

Janner died on 19 December 2015 in London from Alzheimer's disease, aged 87 and months earlier he had been deemed unfit to stand trial over allegations of 33 years of sexually abusing vulnerable children.

References

1928 births
2015 deaths
Alumni of the University of Cambridge
British lawyers
British writers
Deaths from Alzheimer's disease
Disease-related deaths in London
Former Labour Party (UK) MPs
Former members of the British House of Commons for English constituencies
Harvard University alumni
Jewish British politicians
Jewish British writers
Politicians from Glamorgan
UK MPs 1970–1974
UK MPs 1974
UK MPs 1974–1979
UK MPs 1979–1983
UK MPs 1983–1987
UK MPs 1987–1992
UK MPs 1992–1997
Welsh politicians
Writers from Cardiff
Prayer in C

"Prayer in C" is a song by the band Lilly Wood and the Prick.  It was originally released as a folk-pop song. The song was later remixed by DJ Robin Schulz in 2014. Schulz' remix peaked at number one on Billboard's Hot Dance/Electronic Songs chart. It hit number one in many European countries including the UK and Belgium. It reached the top twenty in Canada.  The remix is a dance and house song.  It was included on Schulz' album, Prayer.

References 

Dance music
Mutabar Tadjibayeva

Mutabar Tadjibayeva (Uzbek: Mo'tabar Tojiboyeva) is a journalist and human rights activist from Uzbekistan. She started the “Fiery Hearts Club” NGO. She also started the Uzbek news website Jarayon.  In 2009 she received the International Women of Courage Award.

Work 

In August 2003, Tadjibayeva got people in a group to demonstrate against corruption.  The police stopped the demonstration.  Tadjibayaeva was hurt and went to the hospital. In 2005, Tadjibayeva wrote about the Andijan Massacre.  Many people died when police stopped the demonstration. Tadjibayeva was in jail from October 2005 to June 2008.

Awards 

In 2005, the international organization "Peace Women Across the Globe", part of the Nobel Committee, added Tadjibayeva’s name to the list of "1000 women peace activists".  This made her a candidate for the Nobel Peace Prize.

Mutabar Tadjibayeva was on a top 10 list of women who worked for human rights.

In 2008, Tadjibayeva received the Martin Ennals Award.  When she received the award, she was still in prison. 

For the 60th anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the Fiery Hearts Club received the "Liberty, Equality, Fraternity" Prize from France. Mutabar Tadjibayeva accepted the prize in Paris.

In March 2009, Tadjibayeva received the International Women of Courage Award from the U.S. State Department. Later she returned the award.

In 2011, Mutabar Tadjibayeva was on a list of ten most influential women in Central Asia.

References

Other websites 
Jarayon Website "Fiery Hearts Club"

Uzbekistani people
1962 births
Living people
Human rights activists
Women who received the International Women of Courage Award
The Fly (1958 movie)

The Fly is an American science fiction horror movie set in Montreal. It is directed by Kurt Neumann and written by James Clavell.

It was followed by two sequels: Return of the Fly and Curse of the Fly. A remake was released in 1986.

Other websites 

1958 movies
1950s science fiction movies
20th Century Fox movies
American monster movies
American science fiction horror movies
Body horror movies
English-language movies
Montreal
1950s horror movies
Movies directed by Kurt Neumann
Ambiga Sreenevasan

Ambiga Sreenevasan (born 1956) is a lawyer and human rights advocate from Malaysia. In 2009, she received the International Women of Courage Award.

Life 
Sreenevasan went to high school at Convent Bukit Nanasin Kuala Lumpur.  in 1979, she got a Bachelor of Laws (LLB) from the University of Exeter in England.  She became a lawyer in 1980. She worked in two London law firms, then she became a member of the Malaysian Bar in 1982. In July 2011, she received an Honorary Doctorate in Law (LLD) from the University of Exeter in England.

Work 
Sreenevasan was the president of the Malaysian Bar Council from 2007 to 2009.  She was also the head of  Bersih, an NGO for free and fair elections. 

Because Sreenevasan wanted to help with problems between ethnic groups, she received hate mail and death threats.  Hundreds of people from religious groups and conservative members of government protested against Sreenevasan at the Bar Council building and called for her arrest.

In 2008, as President of the Malaysian Bar she helped start LAWASIA, the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute and Transparency International-Malaysia, to study abuses of power.

Bersih demonstration 
Sreenevasan was head of Bersih 2.0, the organisation behind the July 2011 demonstration in Kuala Lumpur.  There were 20,000 people at the demonstration. Sreenevasan said the main problems for Malaysia were "unhappiness... in the Sarawak [election], unhappiness about corruption, [and] unhappiness about the lack of independence of our institutions."

Sreenevasan said the problems from the first demonstration in 2007 were not fixed, so there was another demonstration.

References

Other websites                                              
 Ambiga Sreenevasan, "Malaysia’s Many Scandals", The New York Times, August 20, 2015

1956 births
Living people
Alumni of the University of Exeter
Lawyers
Malaysian people
Women lawyers
Women who received the International Women of Courage Award
Red Fisher

Red Fisher (22 August 1926 – 19 January 2018) was a Canadian retired sports journalist. His columns focused on the National Hockey League and its Montreal Canadiens team. He was born in Montreal, Quebec. he began his hockey coverage in The Montreal Star newspaper in 1954 where he remained as writer and sports editor until that paper's demise in 1979. He retired in 2012.

Fisher died in Montreal on 19 January 2018 at the age of 91.

References

Other websites
Montreal Gazette: Red Fisher, accessed 11 November 2006

1926 births
Canadian journalists
Elmer Ferguson Award winners
2018 deaths
Writers from Montreal
Wazhma Frogh

Wazhma Frogh is a women's rights activist from Afghanistan. In 2009, she received the International Women of Courage Award.

Life 
In the eighth grade, Frogh taught her landlord's children, so that the landlord would reduce her rent.  She wanted money so she and her sisters could go to school. At age 17, she worked as an intern at a newspaper in Pakistan.  Because of her job, she saw the difficult lives of the women in Afghan refugee camps.

Work  
From 1992 to 2001, Frogh lived in Peshawar, Pakistan, while she started programs for women in Aghanistian. In 2002 Frogh finished the first study of women’s conditions in Nuristan, Afghanistan. Frogh also helped start women's centers in the Kandahar, Ghazni, Herat, and Parwan provinces of Afghanistan.

Frogh helped start the Afghan organization "Research Institute for Women".  She became the director. In 2013, she wanted to visit the United States after she wrote about a militia commander in a report to NATO. The militia commander was a repeat abuser of rights. The militia commander threaten Frogh and her sisters.  The Institute of Inclusive Security invited Frogh to come to the U.S. as a visiting fellow, but her visa was refused. Frogh also wrote for The Guardian on the subject of Afghanistan.

Other websites 
Wazhma Frogh's blog

References  

Women who received the International Women of Courage Award
Human rights activists
Afghan activists
Living people
Chris Diamantopoulos

Christopher "Chris" Diamantopoulos (born May 9, 1975; ) is a Greek-Canadian actor and comedian. He is known for playing Moe Howard in the 2012 The Three Stooges film, and for voicing Mickey Mouse in the 2013 TV series of the same name.

Selected filmography
 The Adulterer (2000)
 Drop Dead Roses (2001)
 Law & Order (2002, TV series)
 Third Watch (2003, TV series)
 Frasier (2004, TV series)
 Nip/Tuck (2004, TV series)
 Charmed (2004, TV series)
 American Dreams (2004, TV series)
 Kevin Hill (2004, TV series)
 Jake in Progress (2005, TV series)
 Behind the Camera: The Unauthorized Story of Mork & Mindy (2005, TV) 
 The Sopranos (2006, TV series)
 Wedding Daze (2006)
 Boston Legal (2006, TV series)
 Three Days to Vegas (2007)
 Raines (2007, TV series)
 The Starter Wife (2007, TV miniseries)
 State of Mind (2007, TV series)
 24 (2010, TV series)
 The Kennedys (2011, TV miniseries)
 Up All Night (2011–2012, TV series)
 The Three Stooges (2012)
 Community (2013, TV series)
 The Office (2013, TV series)
 Arrested Development (2013, TV series)
 Family Guy (2013, TV series)
 American Dad! (2013, TV series)
 Mickey Mouse (2013–present, TV series)
 The Art of the Steal (2013)
 Doctor Lollipop (2013, web cartoon)
 Dr. Cabbie (2014)
 Episodes (2014, TV series)
 Hannibal (2014, TV series)
 About a Boy (2014, TV series)
 Silicon Valley (2015–present, TV Series)
 The Truth About Lies (2015)
 Batman Unlimited: Animal Instincts - (2015, Direct-to-video)

References

1975 births
Living people
Actors from Toronto
Comedians from Toronto
Canadian movie actors
Canadian television actors
Canadian voice actors
The Rest of the Robots

The Rest of the Robots (1964) is a collection of eight short stories and two full-length novels by Isaac Asimov. The stories are all part of the Robot series, and follow on from ʽI, Robotʼ. The novels were not included in some published versions.

The stories are as followsː

Robot AL-76 Goes Astray (1941).

Robot AL-76, known as Al, is manufactured to do mining work on the Moon, but ends up in a rural part of Earth. It can't find the tool it is meant to use, so builds a better one out of ̼junk it finds in a workshop.

Victory Unintentional (1942)

Intelligent life has been discovered on the planet Jupiter. Humans cannot land on the planet because of the powerful gravity and lack of air. They send a spaceship containing three very powerful ZZ series robots. They land on Jupiter, but the inhabitants, known as Jovians, try to attack and kill them. But when the Jovians eventually discover that the robots are too powerful to be destroyed, they decide instead to make peace with humans.

First Law (1956)

A robot engineer tells a story about Emma Two, a EM series robot, that abandoned him to die in a storm on the asteroid Titan.

Let's Get Together (1957)

An American secret service agent claims that the Soviet Union has developed humanoid robots (they cannot be distinguished from humans), and that they are being infiltrated into the USA. The head of robotics realises just in time that the agent is himself a robot and destroys him.

Satisfaction Guaranteed (1951)

Robot TN-3, Tony, is introduced into the house of Claire Belmont as an experiment, by her husband, a robot engineer with US Robots. Tony realises that Claire has very low self-esteem and tries to help, even offering to become her lover and making sure that the neighbours know it.

Risk (1955)

Humans have set up an experimental base on an asteroid to build the first spaceship to travel through hyperspace (faster than light). The ship is piloted by a robot, but the experiment fails. An engineer goes on board and discovers that the fault lies with the robot, not the ship.

Lenny (1958)

An LNE robot, known as Lenny, is built, but with a fault. It's brain is childlike and it can't speak. Susan Calvin experiments with it and eventually teaches it to speak a few words.

Galley Slave (1957)

Robot EZ-27, known as Easy, is placed in a university to carry out a variety of jobs, including proof-reading. A professor of sociology, Simon Ninheimer, claims that the robot changed the text of a book by himself that it was checking. He takes US Robots to court. Susan Calvin is able to prove that Ninheimer set up the text changes deliberately, so that he could ruin the reputation of the Company and the robots they make.

The Caves of Steel (1953)

The Naked Sun (1956)

Reception
Algis Budrys praised the collection as "a fine book of entertainment," but faulted Asimov's extensive annotations, saying they "[suck] the juice out of some very vivacious writing indeed, and [embalm] one of science fiction's most ebullient personalities."

References

Science fiction books
1964 books
Isaac Asimov
Selma Reis

Selma Reis (24 August 1960 – 19 December 2015) was a Brazilian actress and singer. She was born in São Gonçalo, Rio de Janeiro. She acted in many telenovelas and miniseries for Rede Globo, including Caminho das Índias, Páginas da Vida, Presença de Anita and Chiquinha Gonzaga. After 1987, she released a debut album, the first of eleven releases.

Personal life
She was married to photographer Locca Faria, with whom she had a son. The couple separated but remained friends for the last three years of her life.

In July 2014, Reis was diagnosed with brain cancer. Reis died at a hospital in Teresópolis, Brazil from the disease, aged 55. She was cremated in a Lutheran service in Nova Friburgo.

References

1960 births
2015 deaths
Brazilian television actors
Brazilian singers
Deaths from brain cancer
Disease-related deaths in Brazil
Red Star OS

Red Star OS is the operating system used by computers in North Korea. The latest version of the operating system is Red Star 3 and it looks almost exactly like macOS. Before Red Star 3 came out, Red Star looked more like Windows instead of macOS. Red Star OS also has its very own web browser called Naenara which means "my country" in Korean. It has a modified version of Mozilla Firefox and it has the North Korean internet called Kwangmyong.

Operating systems
North Korea
Maureen McGovern

Maureen McGovern (born July 27, 1949) is an American singer and Broadway actress. She is well known known for her renditions of songs such as "The Morning After" from the 1972 movie The Poseidon Adventure. 

McGovern was born in Youngstown, Ohio.

References

1949 births
Living people
American movie actors
American pop singers
American stage actors
American television actors
People from Youngstown, Ohio
Singers from Ohio