cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Scranton, Pennsylvania

Scranton is a city in Pennsylvania. It is the county seat of Lackawanna County. The city had a population of 76,415 people in 2000.

History
Scranton was first settled in 1776 by Lenape Indians.  Over time, settlers from New England began to move to Scranton.  They built mills and other small businesses. The village was known as Slocum Hollow.  In 1845, Scranton started to manufacture iron and steel.  The iron was used for making rails.  Scranton became a leading maker of iron rails. A railroad was founded in 1851. It was built to move iron and coal.

Scranton became a borough in 1856. In 1866, Scranton was made a city when Hyde Park and Providence joined together with the Borough of Scranton.  The city had 35,000 people living in it.  In 1866, a streetcar system was built.  It was the first in the United States.  Scranton got the nickname "The Electric City" because of this.  In the late 1890s, Scranton had several minor league baseball teams.

The United States Census said that Scranton had a population of 102,026 people in the year 1900. This made it the 38th largest city in the United States.  In the 1900s, Scranton was known for its many Victorian-style houses.

In 1901, the iron industry in Scranton moved to Lackawanna, New York.  Scranton lost one of its main industries.  In the next 25 years, many people from Eastern Europe moved to Scranton.  Two years later, the Laurel Line railroad opened up, making it easy to go to Wilkes-Barre, 20 miles South.  After World War II, coal began losing cleaner fuels such as oil and gas.  This caused Scranton to diminish.  There wasn't as much coal being made, and not as many trains passed through.  The streetcar system stopped in 1954, and a year later, the city was flooded after Hurricane Diane.  80 people died. The NYO&W freight railroad stopped going to Scranton in 1957.

The Knox Mine Disaster of 1959 wiped out the mining industry as the Susquehanna River flooded most of the mines in Northeastern Pennsylvania.  The local DL&W railroad, nearly out of money, merged with the Erie Railroad in 1960.  In the 1960s and 1970s, the silk and textile industries was getting smaller as they moved South or overseas.  In the 1970s and 1980s, the downtown shops lay empty as it was best to shop in suburban malls.  However, in the 1980s, the people of Scranton started revitalizing the city.  Old places were marketed as tourist attractions.  There is a historic site commemorating the city's railroad history, a hotel at the former DL&W Railroad station and a trolley museum.  Some more modern attractions are a ski resort, the Scranton/Wilkes-Barre Yankees (a minor league baseball team) and a concert venue.  Also, popular sitcom The Office is set in Scranton.

References

County seats in Pennsylvania
 
1856 establishments in the United States
1850s establishments in Pennsylvania
Umayya ibn Abd Shams

Umayya ibn Abd Shams is the man, the clan of Banu Umayyad is named after. Umayya was the adopted son of Abd Shams ibn Abd Manaf and the father of Harb ibn Umayya and Abu al-'As.

References 

Muslims
Year of birth missing
Year of death missing
Abd Manaf ibn Qusai

Abd Manaf ibn Qusai (Arabic: ) is the person, whom the clan of Banu Abd Manaf is named after. His father was Qusai ibn Kilab.

When his father died, he took charge of his work.  He too distinguished himself by his ability, and he was famous for his generosity and good judgment. 

He had five sons: Nawfal, Abd Shams, Hashim (after whom the Banu Hashim clan was named) and Muttalib . Muttalib was younger than Hashim, and became his successor.

Other websites 
al-islam.org 

History of Islam
Muslims
Year of birth unknown
Year of death unknown
660



Events 
 The Umayyad Empire was established.
 In the year 660 the kingdom of Silla invaded the kingdom of Baekje. (see Korea)
 Empress Saimei of Japan makes an order to dispatch a force to the Korean Peninsula to save Baekje.

Births 
 Yamanoue no Okura, Japanese poet (d. 733) (see: Waka)
Ghazi Tehsil

Ghazi Tehsil is an administrative subdivision (tehsil) of Haripur District in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The tehsil, headquartered at the town of Ghazi, is itself divided into 7 Union Councils.

Tehsils of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Haripur Tehsil

Haripur Tehsil is an administrative subdivision (tehsil), of Haripur District in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The tehsil is administratively subdivided into 37 Union Councils.

References

Tehsils of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Lahor

Lahor is a town and tehsil of Swabi District in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The town is a settlement of 35,000 people and is west of Swabi, on the northern bank of the Indus River. Lahor is surrounded by Yar Hussain, Tordher, Ambar and the Indus River.

Tehsils of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Mandi Bahauddin Tehsil

Mandi Bahauddin Tehsil is an administrative subdivision (tehsil) of Mandi Bahauddin District in the Punjab province of Pakistan. The city of Mandi Bahauddin is the headquarters of the tehsil.

References

Other websites 
 Mandi-Bahauddin 
 Mandi-Bahauddin

Tehsils of Punjab (Pakistan)
Necronomicon

The Necronomicon is a fictional book of magic created by the horror writer H. P. Lovecraft. It is a Greek-sounding word commonly translated as "book of dead names".  It is pronounced "neck-ro-nom-ih-kon".  Like most of his ideas, the Necronomicon came to Lovecraft in his dreams.  Lovecraft let his friends write stories about the Necronomicon.  Eventually, fake Necronomicons were written.

Fictional History
According to Lovecraft, the Necronomicon was written in the eighth century by a crazy Arabian man named Abdul Alhazred. Alhazred (who was also fictional) practiced evil magic.  He assembled a collection of evil spells into a manuscript (a book with loose pages and no cover) which he called Al Azif. Lovecraft said this as an Arabian phrase for a scary sound, like a scream.  Later, the original manuscript was translated into Greek.  It was given the title Necronomicon.  Olaus Wormius (a real person) then translated the Greek version into Latin.  John Dee (also real) translated the Necronomicon into English.  Lovecraft liked to mix in real people and places in his fiction.  This made the stories seem more real.  Some people were fooled into thinking what he wrote was true.

"Real" Necronomicons
Since Lovecraft's death, several authors have written their own versions of the Necronomicon. They are the author's imagination of what the Necronomicon would be like, if it were real.  A few claim to be the actual Necronomicon. The most famous case of a "real" Necronomicon is the "Simon" Necronomicon.  Simon is a fake name.  It was published in the 1970s. The "Simon" Necronomicon is based on Sumerian mythology. It has nothing to do with H. P. Lovecraft's fiction. Some people dislike the "Simon" Necronomicon.  They do not like that it pretends to be real.  Sometimes, people believe it to be real.  Simon has written several books about the Necronomicon'''s "discovery". 

Here are some hoax Necronomicons (books that the authors claim are the real Necronomicon):The True Story of the Necronomicon, author unknownGeorge Hay Presents: The Necronomicon, by George HayAl Azif: The Necronomicon, by L. Sprague de Camp

Here are some books that are the authors' imaginations of what the Necronomicon might be like:Necronomicon: The Wandering of Alhazred, by Donald TysonAlhazred: Author of the Necronomicon (a novel about the life of Abdul Alhazred, also by Donald Tyson)Grimoire of the Necronomicon (a book of real spells inspired by the fiction of H. P. Lovecraft, also by Donald Tyson)

Here are all the books by Simon about the Necronomicon:Necronomicon Spellbook (an instruction manual of how to use the Necronomicon's spells safely)Dead Names: The Dark History of the NecronomiconGates of the Necronomicon'' (a book explaining the Walking of the Seven Gates, a long and complicated ritual that all first-time users of the Necronomicon must perform)

Related pages 
 Grimoire

Fiction books
Magic (paranormal)

hu:Howard Phillips Lovecraft#Necronomicon
Occult

Occult refers to an area of knowledge or thought that is hidden. The word occult has many uses in the English language. Often it means knowledge that lies outside the range of normal experience or scientific explanation. The term sometimes means knowledge meant only for certain people or knowledge that must be kept hidden. For most occultists it is the study of a deeper spiritual reality.

The term occult is also used as a label given to a number of magical organizations or orders, and the teachings and practices as taught by them. The name also extends to a large body of literature and spiritual philosophy.

Occultism
Occultism is the study of occult. It can involve such subjects as magic (alternatively spelled and defined as magick), extra-sensory perception, astrology, spiritualism, numerology and lucid dreaming. There is often a strong religious element to these studies and beliefs, and many occultists profess adherence to religions such as Gnosticism, Hermeticism, Satanism, Thelema, and Neopaganism. While Christianity, Judaism, Hinduism, Buddhism, and Islam are generally not considered as occult, some of their modern interpretations can be, such as the interpretation of Hinduism within Theosophy or the various occult interpretations of the Jewish Kabbalah.

Science and the occultism
Alchemy, is considered an occult practice. Alchemy used to be common among scientists, such as Isaac Newton. During the Age of Enlightenment alchemy and science went their separate ways. Newton was accused of introducing occult agencies into natural science when he proposed that gravity was a force capable of acting over vast distances.

Related pages
 Esotericism
 Haunted house
 Spiritual séance

Notes

Other websites 

 Journal of Thelemic Studies  - the first non-partisan, academic journal investigating the occult tradition of Thelema, founded by the infamous Aleister Crowley
 The Occult Lodge  For all things Occult
 University of Amsterdam Center for Study of Western Esotericism
 University of Exeter Centre for the Study of Esotericism (EXESESO)
 ESSWE European Society for the Study of Western Esotericism, with many links to associated organizations, libraries, scholars etc.
 Joseph H. Peterson, Twilit Grotto: Archives of Western Esoterica (Esoteric Archives: Occult Literature)
Athenaeum  (Collection of occult works in PDF Format)
 Inner Quest  All things occult

Occult
Pandemic Studios

Pandemic Studios was a video game developer that was started in 1998. It became owned by Electronic Arts from 2007 to 2009. It was an Australian and American company, with offices in Brisbane and Los Angeles.

Pandemic Studios developed the first two main titles of the successful Star Wars: Battlefront series; those were Star Wars: Battlefront and Star Wars: Battlefront II. It also developed Full Spectrum Warrior, the Mercenaries series, and the last game in the Army Men series.

Their office in Brisbane was closed in February 2009. In November 2009, Electronic Arts cut a total of 1,500 jobs, including at Pandemic. The company was officially closed on 17 November 2009. The rest of the staff were moved to EA Los Angeles to support Mercs Inc, a sequel to the Mercenaries series.

Games developed (made)
Battlezone II (1999)
Dark Reign 2 (2000)
Triple Play 2002 (2002)
Army Men RTS (2002)
Star Wars: The Clone Wars (video game) (2002)
Full Spectrum Warrior (2004)
Star Wars: Battlefront (2004)
Star Wars: Battlefront II (2005)
Mercenaries: Playground of Destruction (2005)
Destroy All Humans! (2005)
Destroy All Humans! 2 (2006)
Mercenaries 2: World in Flames (2008)
The Lord of the Rings: Conquest (2009)
The Saboteur (2009

References

American video game companies
Companies based in Los Angeles
Companies of Australia
Brisbane
Ghost town

A ghost town is a name for a city or town in which no one lives anymore. It can happen because of economical reasons (for instance, a town of gold miners who cannot find gold anymore), a natural disaster (a flood, a very long drought) or even a man-made disaster (for example, the nuclear fallout that emptied the town of Prypiat, Ukraine). 

Some ghost towns are kept intact as tourist attractions. For example Craco, in the Italian region of Basilicata, is a destination for tourists and pilgrims, as well as a famous movie set for movies like The Passion of the Christ by Mel Gibson and Quantum of Solace by Marc Forster.

 
Tourism
Rain dance

A rain dance is a ceremonial dance. It is performed by people who believe it will cause rain and keep their harvest safe. 

Many different types of "rain dances" can be found in many cultures, from Ancient Egypt to certain Native American tribes. In the 20th century Balkans, a ritual known as Paparuda (Romanian) or Perperuna (Slavic) is a type of rain dance.  

The Cherokee tribe, an ethnic Native American tribe from the Southeastern United States used rain dances to both create rain and to remove evil spirits from the earth.  The legend of the tribe says that the rain created has the spirits of the former leaders of the tribe. During the rain, these spirits fight the evil spirits in a place between our reality and the spirit world. These raindances are also seen as acts of worship.

Julia M. Butree in her book,  describes the "Rain Dance of Zuni" and other Native American dances

Feathers and turquoise are worn during the dance. They symbolize wind and rain.  Many traditions of the Rain Dance are passed down through history by people telling their children about them in stories.

Settler times
In an early type of meteorology, Native Americans in the midwestern parts of modern United States often tracked and followed known weather patterns. They would do a raindance for settlers in return for trade items. This is best known to happen among Osage and Quapaw Indian tribes of Missouri and Arkansas.

References

Ritual dances
Superstitions
Louse

Lice (singular: louse), are wingless insects that live in hair. They are all external parasites on every species of bird and most mammalian orders. They are not found on Monotremes  and a few eutherian orders, namely bats (Chiroptera), whales, dolphins and porpoises (Cetacea) and pangolins (Pholidota). There are more than 3,000 different species; three are classified as human lice.

Description 
Lice spend their whole life on the host. They are adapted to keep close contact with the host. These adaptations are reflected in their size (0.5–8 mm), stout legs, and claws which are adapted to clinging tightly to hair, fur and feathers. They are also wingless and flattened.

Lice feed on skin (epidermal) debris, feather parts, sebaceous secretions and blood. A louse's color varies from pale beige to dark grey; however, if feeding on blood, it may become considerably darker.

A louse's egg is commonly called a nit. Lice attach their eggs to their host's hair with specialized saliva which results in a bond that is very difficult to separate without specialized products. Living lice eggs tend to be pale white. Dead lice eggs are more yellow. Lice are very annoying and are difficult to remove, but not impossible. The process is called nit-picking, and is often done with a close-toothed metal comb. For humans, anti-insect shampoos are available.

Classification 
The order has traditionally been divided into two suborders; the sucking lice (Anoplura) and chewing lice (Mallophaga). Four suborders are now recognised:

 Anoplura: sucking lice, including head and pubic lice
 Rhyncophthirina: parasites of elephants and warthogs
 Ischnocera: avian lice
 Amblycera: chewing lice, a primitive order of lice
 Amblycera: jumping lice have very strong hind legs and can jump a distance of three feet

It has been suggested that the order is contained by the Troctomorpha suborder of Psocoptera. What this means is that lice may have evolved from free-living species of that group.

Lice and humans 
Humans are unique in that they host three different species of lice: head lice, body lice (which live mainly in clothing), and pubic lice. The DNA differences between head lice and body lice provide corroborating evidence that humans started wearing clothes at approximately 70,000 BCE.

Recent DNA evidence suggests that pubic lice spread to the ancestors of humans approximately 3.3 million years ago from the ancestors of gorillas by sharing the same bed or other communal areas with them, and are more closely related to lice endemic to gorillas than to other lice species infesting humans.

Gallery

Related pages
 Pest
 Parasite

References

Other websites 

 Lice Pest Control Information - National Pesticide Information Center
 Bed-hopping led humans to 3 million-year itch 
 www.phthiraptera.org has extensive scientific information.
 Body and Head lice  University of Florida Featured Creatures
 Crab Louse  University of Florida Featured Creatures
 WebMD Lice Info

Insects
Parasites
The Adventures of Pinocchio

The Adventures of Pinocchio () is a story by Carlo Collodi. It was first published as a serial in a children's magazine between 1881-1883. The serial ended tragically with the death of Pinocchio. It was published as a book in 1883 with black and white illustrations by Enrico Mazzanti.  Pinocchio tells the story of a puppet who wants to become a real boy. The book has been adapted to movies.

References 
 Zipes, Jack (Ed.) 2000. The Oxford Companion to Fairy Tales. Oxford UP. pp. 384–5.

1883 books
Children's books
Mandi Bahauddin

Mandi Bahauddin is the capital of Mandi Bahauddin District in Punjab, Pakistan.

References

Cities in Pakistan
Talagang

Talagang is a city in Pakistan. It is in the Punjab province and is the capital of Talagang Tehsil.

Cities in Pakistan
Arra, Pakistan

Arra is a village and Union Council of Chakwal District in the Punjab Province of Pakistan. It is part of Choa Saidan Shah Tehsil.

References

Union Councils of Chakwal District
Balkassar

Balkassar is a village and Union Council, an administrative subdivision, of Chakwal District in the Punjab Province of Pakistan, it is part of Choa Saidan Shah Tehsil and is located at 32°55'60N 72°39'0E. Also, Balkassar is famous for its 'Rain of Flaming Dogs' ceremony which happens once in a year.

References

Union Councils of Chakwal District
Balokassar

Balokassar is a village and Union Council, an administrative subdivision, of Chakwal District in the Punjab Province of Pakistan, it is part of Choa Saidan Shah Tehsil.

References

Union Councils of Chakwal District
Basharat

Basharat is a village and Union Council, an administrative subdivision, of Chakwal District in the Punjab Province of Pakistan, it is part of Choa Saidan Shah Tehsil and is located at 32°46'60N 73°5'60E

References

Union Councils of Chakwal District
Terry Goodkind

Terry Goodkind (January 11, 1948 – September 17, 2020) was an American writer from the U.S. state of Nebraska. He was known for writing fantasy books. His most famous book is called Wizard's First Rule which is part of the The Sword of Truth series. He was born in Omaha, Nebraska.

Goodkind died on September 17, 2020 in Boulder City, Nevada at the age of 72.

References

Writers from Omaha, Nebraska
1948 births
2020 deaths
American novelists
Begal

Begal is a village and Union Council, an administrative subdivision, of Chakwal District in the Punjab Province of Pakistan, it is part of Chakwal Tehsil and is located at 33°2'57N 72°39'11E

References

Union Councils of Chakwal District
Chakwal District
Bharpur

Bharpur is a village and Union Council, an administrative subdivision, of Chakwal District in the Punjab Province of Pakistan, it is part of Chakwal Tehsil and is located at 32°51'0N 72°34'0E

References

Union Councils of Chakwal District
Chakwal District
Bheen

Bheen is a village and Union Council, an administrative subdivision, of Chakwal District in the Punjab Province of Pakistan, it is part of Chakwal Tehsil.

References

Union Councils of Chakwal District
Bhilomar

Bhilomar is a village and Union Council, an administrative subdivision, of Chakwal District in the Punjab Province of Pakistan, it is part of Talagang Tehsil and is located at 32°43'60N 72°25'60E.

References

Union Councils of Chakwal District
Bhoun

Bhoun is a village and Union Council, an administrative subdivision, of Chakwal District in the Punjab Province of Pakistan, it is part of Chakwal Tehsil.

References

Union Councils of Chakwal District
Bidher

Bidher is a village and Union Council, an administrative subdivision, of Chakwal District in the Punjab Province of Pakistan, it is part of Talagang Tehsil.

References

Union Councils of Chakwal District
Buchal Kalan

Buchal Kalan is a village and Union Council of Chakwal District in the Punjab Province of Pakistan. It is part of Kallar Kahar Tehsil.

References

Union Councils of Chakwal District
Budhial

Budhial is a village and Union Council of Chakwal District in the Punjab Province of Pakistan. Budhial village is about 25 kilometres from Talagang at 32°58'60″N 72°10'60″E.

References

Union Councils of Chakwal District
Chak Malook

Chak Malook is a village and Union Council, an administrative subdivision, of Chakwal District in the Punjab Province of Pakistan. It is part of Chakwal Tehsil and is located at 32°58'0N 72°57'0E.

References

Union Councils of Chakwal District
Chak Umra

Chak Umra is a village and Union Council, an administrative subdivision, of Chakwal District in the Punjab Province of Pakistan, it is part of Chakwal Tehsil.

References

Union Councils of Chakwal District
Choa Ganj Ali Shah

Choa Ganj Ali Shah is a village and Union Council, an administrative subdivision, of Chakwal District in the Punjab Province of Pakistan, it is part of Chakwal Tehsil and is located at 32°49'0N 73°5'60E

References

Union Councils of Chakwal District
Choa Saidanshah

Choa Saidan shah is a village and Union Council of Chakwal District in the Punjab Province of Pakistan. It is at 32°43'0N 72°58'60E. It is a named after a man who was a famous Sufi.Its famous for it spirngs and lakes.Choa Saidan Shah is one of the few villages that have all kinds of facities like Hospitals,Schools,Collages.

Famous Peoples
There are many famous people like Umar Haseeb who is a famous footballer.

Tribes
The Awans tribe dominate in the area. Other tribes include Rajputs and Gujar.

Political views
It is considered PML(N) stronghold But PTI future looks bright .

References

Union Councils of Chakwal District
Dab, Pakistan

Dab is a village and Union Council, an administrative subdivision, of Chakwal District in the Punjab Province of Pakistan. It is part of Chakwal Tehsil and is located at 33° 0' 0" N 72° 52' 0" E.

References

Union Councils of Chakwal District
Dalwal

Dalwal is a village and Union Council, an administrative subdivision, of Chakwal District in the Punjab Province of Pakistan, it is part of Choa Saidan Shah Tehsil and is located at 32°42'0N 72°52'60E

References

Union Councils of Chakwal District
Dandot

Dandot (ڈنڈوت) is a village and Union Council, an administrative subdivision, of Chakwal District in the Punjab Province of Pakistan, it is part of Choa Saidan Shah Tehsil and is located at 32°38'60N 72°58'0E

References

Union Councils of Chakwal District
Dhoular

Dhoular is a village and Union Council of Chakwal District in the Punjab Province of Pakistan. and is part of Talagang Tehsil. According to the 1998 census of Pakistan its total population was about 6,500.

References

Union Councils of Chakwal District
Dhudial

Dhudial is a village and Union Council, an administrative subdivision, of Chakwal District in the Punjab Province of Pakistan, it is part of Chakwal Tehsil. It is one of the largest villages of Chakwal District and is located at 33°3'52N 72°58'24E about 70km south of the capital Islamabad.

Tribes

The following are the majority tribe population.
 Awan  (اعوان)
 Quresh (قریش)
 Rana (انڈین مہاجر)
 Ansar (انصار)
 Gondal (گوندل)
 Sadaat (سادات)
 Mughal Kasar (مغل کسر)
 Minhas (منہاس)
 Bazigar (بازی گر).

References

Union Councils of Chakwal District
Dhurnal

Dhurnal is a village and Union Council, an administrative subdivision, of Chakwal District in the Punjab Province of Pakistan. It is part of Talagang Tehsil and is located at 32° 47' 60"N 72° 5' 60"E.

References

Union Councils of Chakwal District
Dullah

Dullah is a village and Union Council of Chakwal District in the Punjab Province of Pakistan.

References

Union Councils of Chakwal District
Dulmial

Dulmial is a village and Union Council, an administrative subdivision, of Chakwal District in the Punjab Province of Pakistan, it is part of Choa Saidan Shah Tehsil and is located at 32°43'60N 72°55'0E.

References

Union Councils of Chakwal District
Dumman

Dumman is a village and Union Council, an administrative subdivision, of Chakwal District in the Punjab Province of Pakistan, it is part of Chakwal Tehsil.

References

Union Councils of Chakwal District
Jabbi Shah Dilawar

Jabbi Shah Dilawar is a village and Union Council, an administrative subdivision, of Chakwal District in the Punjab Province of Pakistan, it is part of Talagang Tehsil and is located at .

References

Union Councils of Chakwal District
Jand, Chakwal

Jand is a village and Union Council, an administrative subdivision, of Chakwal District in the Punjab Province of Pakistan, it is part of Chakwal Tehsil and is located at 33°4'0N 73°7'60E.

References

Union Councils of Chakwal District
Jand Khanzada

Jand Khanzada is a village and Union Council, an administrative subdivision, of Chakwal District in the Punjab Province of Pakistan, it is part of Chakwal Tehsil and is located at 32°55'60N 73°5'60E. The name means village of Khanzada.

References

Union Councils of Chakwal District
University of Texas at Austin

The University of Texas at Austin is a public university in Austin, Texas.  It is one of the largest universities in the United States, with almost 50,000 students.  It was founded in 1883.

Sports
Texas' athletics teams are called the Longhorns. Texas has 18 varsity teams and they compete in the Big 12 Conference.

Sources

Notes

References

Association of American Universities
Big 12 Conference
Colleges and universities in Texas
University of Texas, Austin
1883 establishments in the United States
1880s establishments in Texas
Jassial

Jassial is a village and Union Council, an administrative subdivision, of Chakwal District in the Punjab Province of Pakistan, it is part of Talagang Tehsil and is located at 33°1'40N 72°23'34E.

References

Union Councils of Chakwal District
Jaswal, Pakistan

Jaswal is a village and Union Council, an administrative subdivision, of Chakwal District in the Punjab Province of Pakistan, it is part of Chakwal Tehsil and is located at 32°49'0N 72°58'0E.

References

Union Councils of Chakwal District
Jhatla

Jhatla is a village and Union Council, an administrative subdivision, of Chakwal District in the Punjab Province of Pakistan, it is part of Talagang Tehsil and is located at 32°49'0N 72°22'60E.

References

Union Councils of Chakwal District
Kallar Kahar

Kallar Kahar is a town and Union Council, an administrative subdivision, of Chakwal District in the Punjab Province of Pakistan, it is part of Chakwal Tehsil and is located at 32°46'60N 72°42'0E.

References

Union Councils of Chakwal District
Karsal

Karsal is a village and Union Council, an administrative subdivision, of Chakwal District in the Punjab Province of Pakistan, it is part of Chakwal Tehsil and is located at 33°2'30N 72°35'7E.

References

Union Councils of Chakwal District
Karyala

Karyala is a village and Union Council, an administrative subdivision, of Chakwal District in the Punjab Province of Pakistan, it is part of Chakwal Tehsil and is located at 32°49'60N 72°52'60E.

References

Union Councils of Chakwal District
Texas A&M University

Texas A&M University is a public university in College Station, Texas.  It is a large university, with about 65,000 students.  It was founded in 1871.  It and the University of Texas at Austin are the two largest universities in the state.  For many years, everybody at Texas A&M had to take classes about the army, and Texas A&M is one of only six schools in the country that have a "Corps of Cadets." The George H.W. Bush presidential library is at Texas A&M.  

There are other campuses of Texas A&M in Galveston, Laredo, Corpus Christi and Texarkana.  There is also a campus in Qatar.

Sports
Texas A&M's athletics teams are called the Aggies. Texas A&M has 18 varsity teams that compete in the Southeastern Conference.

References

Other websites
Texas A&M University
Texas A&M Aggies official athletics website

Association of American Universities
Colleges and universities in Texas
Southeastern Conference
1871 establishments in the United States
1870s establishments in Texas
Khairpur, Chakwal

Khairpur is a village and Union Council, an administrative subdivision, of Chakwal District in the Punjab Province of Pakistan, it is part of Chakwal Tehsil.

References

Union Councils of Chakwal District
Khotian

Khotian is a village and Union Council, an administrative subdivision, of Chakwal District in the Punjab Province of Pakistan, it is part of Chakwal Tehsil and is located at 32°46'0N 73°7'0E.

References

Union Councils of Chakwal District
Kot Choudrain

Kot Choudrain is a village and Union Council, an administrative subdivision, of Chakwal District in the Punjab Province of Pakistan, it is part of Chakwal Tehsil.

References

Union Councils of Chakwal District
Kot Gullah

Kot Gullah is a village and Union Council, an administrative subdivision, of Chakwal District in the Punjab Province of Pakistan. It is part of Talagang Tehsil.

References

Union Councils of Chakwal District
Kot Qazi

Kot Gullah is a village and Union Council, an administrative subdivision, of Chakwal District in the Punjab Province of Pakistan, it is part of Talagang Tehsil.

References

Union Councils of Chakwal District
Kot Sarang

Kot Sarang is a village and Union Council, an administrative subdivision, of Chakwal District in the Punjab Province of Pakistan, it is part of Talagang Tehsil and is located at 33°2'14N 72°23'11E.

References

Union Councils of Chakwal District
Impala

The impala (Aepyceros melampus) is a medium-sized African antelope. The name "impala" comes from the Zulu language. Impala belong in the kingdom Animalia, phylum Chordata and class Mammalia. Along with cattle, antelopes, sheep, goats, buffalo and bison, they belong to the family Bovidae.

Description 
The impala is reddish-brown with white hair inside the ears, over each eye and on the chin, upper throat, underparts and buttocks. A narrow black line runs along the middle of the lower back to the tail, and a vertical black stripe appears on the back of each thigh. Impalas have unique brushlike tufts of black hair that cover a scent gland located just above the heel on each hind leg.

The impala can jump more than 10 meters distance and 3 meters high, and can reach running speeds of about 80 to 90 km/h, to escape from predators.

Female impala, called ewes, have no horns. But males, the rams, grow curved horns with a notable twisted appearance due to ridges. These horns are black and grow as long as 36 inches.

Habitat 
Impalas are found at grassland and woodland edges, usually very close by water. In Africa, these animals still live throughout Kenya, Botswana, Angola, Malawi, Zimbabwe, Zambia, Mozambique, Namibia, Rwanda, South Africa, Swaziland, Uganda, Zaire and Tanzania.

References

Bovids
Mammals of Africa
Biblical Mount Sinai

The Biblical Mount Sinai is a mountain that was written about in the Old Testament. It was written by Moses that the Ten Commandments were given to him by God on Mount Sinai. The name Horeb is sometimes used to describe Mount Sinai. Tradition places it at Jebel Musa (Mount Moses) in the south of the Sinai Peninsula, but some see it as being further north at the Wadi Sudr.

Related pages
Exodus
Deuteronomy

References

Other websites 
Where is Mount Sinai
The Lost Mountain, 1956-12-03, TIME 

Old Testament
Mountains of Asia
Reconstructor

Reconstructor is a program that allows anyone to customize an iso image of Ubuntu.

Features
Ability to change the Boot image, Boot Progress Splash (usplash), wallpaper, Gnome Splash Screen, GDM theme, and other settings
Ability to add software to new compilation
Ability to enable all the repositories and add custom ones
Integrated option to burn the iso

Related pages
remastersys, a similar program
Ubuntu Customization Kit

References

Other websites
Official Website
Download reconstructor 

Software
870s



Events 
 The Danes invade England (870) and conquer East Anglia. Several battles are fought with Wessex, but then peace is made (871). The Danes start the Danelaw in other parts of England. In 876, the Danes attack Wessex again, and in 878 king Alfred the Great of Wessex has to retreat to a single fort in the marshes of Somerset, but later that year he defeats the Danes, and England is divided in a Danish part in the northeast and a Wessex part in the south and west.
 In the southwest of England, the Cornish continue to be driven back, with their King Dungarth (or Doniert or Dumgarth) drowning in battle around the middle of the decade.
 872 — Battle of Hafrsfjord. Harald Fairhair unites Norway.

Important people 
 Alfred the Great
 Harald I of Norway
 Rhodri Mawr (the Great)
 Charles the Bald
 Rurik
University of the Incarnate Word

The University of the Incarnate Word is a private Catholic university in San Antonio, Texas, United States.  There are about 5500 students enrolled and it was founded in 1881.

References

Other websites 
 University of the Incarnate Word - official site

Christian colleges and universities in the United States
Colleges and universities in Texas
San Antonio, Texas
1881 establishments in the United States
1880s establishments in Texas
Texas State University

Texas State University is a public university in San Marcos, Texas, United States. There are about 28,000 students enrolled and it was founded in 1899.

The school is the namesake of the Texas State University System, founded in 1911 to govern the state's normal schools (teachers' colleges). The system now has four universities and three two-year colleges.

Texas State's sports teams, nicknamed "Bobcats", are members of the Sun Belt Conference.

References

Other websites
Texas State University

Colleges and universities in Texas
Sun Belt Conference
1899 establishments in the United States
1890s establishments in Texas
Northeastern State University

Northeastern State University (NSU) is a public university with its main campus in Tahlequah, Oklahoma, United States, at the foot of the Ozark Mountains. Tahlequah is also home to the capital of the Cherokee nation of Oklahoma. The university also has two other campuses in Muskogee and Broken Arrow. Northeastern is the oldest institution of higher learning in the state of Oklahoma as well as one of the oldest institutions of higher learning west of the Mississippi River.

History
Although a school was founded on May 7, 1851, as the Cherokee National Female Seminary, it was not until Oklahoma became a state that the school now known as Northeastern State University opened.

References

Colleges and universities in Oklahoma
19th-century establishments in Indian Territory
University of Oklahoma

The University of Oklahoma, abbreviated OU, is a public university in the Norman, Oklahoma, United States. It has about 27,000 students enrolled, and it was started in 1890. David Boren is president of the university.

Sports
Oklahoma's athletics teams are called the Sooners. Oklahoma has 19 varsity teams, almost all of which compete in the Big 12 Conference.  In men's gymnastics, a sport that the Big 12 does not sponsor, Oklahoma is a member of the Mountain Pacific Sports Federation.

References

Other websites 

Official website
Official athletics website
 Voices of Oklahoma interview with Barry Switzer.  First person interview conducted on August 17, 2009 with Barry Switzer. Original audio and transcript archived with Voices of Oklahoma oral history project. 
 University of Oklahoma, Bounded by Boyd Street on the North, Timberdell Road on the South, Chautauqua Avenue on the West, and Jenkins Avenue, Norman, Cleveland, OK at the Historic American Landscapes Survey (HALS)

Big 12 Conference
Colleges and universities in Oklahoma
1890 establishments in Oklahoma Territory
Norman, Oklahoma
Guitar Hero On Tour: Decades

Guitar Hero On Tour: Decades is a rhythm video game made by Vicarious Visions and published by Activision for the Nintendo DS game console. It's the sequel to Guitar Hero: On Tour. Players can share songs between the two games. Players can choose more characters including Midori and Clive Winston.

Songs that can be played in this video game
Alien Ant Farm - "Smooth Criminal" |
|The All-American Rejects - "Dirty Little Secret"
Blind Melon - "No Rain"|
|Blondie - "One Way Or Another"|
|Bon Jovi - "You Give Love A Bad Name"|
|Boston - "Rock and Roll Band"|
|The Darkness - "I Believe In A Thing Called Love"|
|Edgar Winter Group - "Free Ride"|
|Fall Out Boy - "The Take Over, The Breaks Over"|
|Foo Fighters - "The Pretender"|
|Free - "All Right Now"|
|Jimmy Eat World - "The Middle"|
|Joe Satriani - "Satch Boogie"|
|Journey - "Any Way You Want It"|
|Lenny Kravitz - "Are You Gonna Go My Way"|
|Linkin Park - "One Step Closer"|
|Los Lobos - "La Bamba"|
|Lynyrd Skynyrd - "Sweet Home Alabama (live)"|
|Paramore - "Crushcrushcrush"|
|Queen - "We Are The Champions"|
|R.E.M. - "The One I Love"|
|Red Hot Chili Peppers - "Can't Stop"|
|Sammy Hagar - "I Can't Drive 55"|
|Seether - "Remedy"|
|Smashing Pumpkins - "Tarantula"|
|Stone Temple Pilots - "Down"|
|Veruca Salt - "Volcano Girls"|
|Weezer - "Buddy Holly"|

2008 video games
Guitar Hero
Nintendo DS games
Nintendo DS-only games
Metroid Prime 2: Echoes

Metroid Prime 2: Echoes is a first-person adventure video game made by Retro Studios and published by Nintendo for the Nintendo GameCube game console. It is a sequel to Metroid Prime, and it has a sequel called Metroid Prime 3: Corruption.

2004 video games
2005 video games
Nintendo GameCube games
Nintendo GameCube-only games
Metroid Prime

de:Metroid#Metroid Prime 2: Echoes (GameCube, 2004)
Cicada

Cicadas are small insects. They are kinds of true bugs.

The noisy buzz they make is the male calling to the female using his vibrating panels, called tymbals, on his sides. When the female, who cannot buzz, hears the buzz of a male, she searches for him. After they mate, the female will use her ovipositor to cut a line into the branch of a tree and lay her eggs there. Adult cicadas don't usually bite. They are usually green or black. Cicadas can also be eaten. It is eaten in countries like China.

Cicadas live in temperate to tropical climates where their large size and unique sound makes them well known. Cicadas are often colloquially called locusts, although they are unrelated to true locusts, which are a kind of grasshopper. Cicadas are related to leafhoppers and spittlebugs.

Taxonomy 
Cicadas are arranged into two families: Tettigarctidae and Cicadidae. There are two living species of Tettigarctidae, one in southern Australia, and the other in Tasmania.

The family Cicadidae is very widespread. They live on all continents except Antarctica.  
The largest cicadas are in the genera Pomponia and Tacua. There are some 200 species in 38 genera in Australia, about 450 in Africa, about 100 in the Palaearctic, and exactly one species in England, the New Forest cicada, Melampsalta montana, widely distributed throughout Europe. There are about 150 species in South Africa.

Most of the North American species are in the genus Tibicen: the annual or jar fly or dog-day cicadas (so named because they emerge in late July and August).

Periodic cicadas 
The best-known North American genus is Magicicada. These periodical cicadas have an extremely long life cycle of 13 to 17 years and then emerge in large numbers. The advantage of this arrangement is that the predators are swamped by their numbers, and so most of them survive. There are three species of 17-year periodical cicadas.

Australian cicadas 
Australian cicadas differ from many other types because of that continent's diversity of climate and terrain. In Australia, cicadas are found on tropical islands and cold coastal beaches around Tasmania; in tropical wetlands; high and low deserts; alpine areas of New South Wales and Victoria; large cities like Sydney, Melbourne, and Brisbane; and Tasmanian highlands and snowfields.

Forty-two species from five genera populate New Zealand, and all are endemic to New Zealand and the surrounding islands (Norfolk Island, New Caledonia). Many New Zealand cicada species differ from those of other countries by living high up on mountain tops.

References 

Hemiptera
Liège Airport

Liège Airport, also called Liège-Bierset, is an important cargo airport in Belgium. It was at the end of 2007 the 8th biggest cargo airport in Europe and the 38th biggest in the world.

Liège is in the centre of the golden triangle Paris – Amsterdam – Frankfurt that handles 66% of European freight, 75% with London added.

The airport is in the northwest of the city of Liège, in the east of Belgium. It is mainly used for freight operation but also serves more than 21 destinations for passengers (mainly charters).

Liège Airport is the world hub of TNT Airways, and the European hub of CAL Cargo Air Lines, El Al Cargo and Ethiopian Cargo (using Southern Air aircraft).

The airport is also used as a regular refuelling stop on New York City – Middle East routes by Kalitta Air (including the Newark – Baghdad route for US mail).

Stats

Pax

Cargo

References 
 Liège Airport  (official site)

Airports in Belgium
Liège (province)
Liège
Object (computer science)

In Object-oriented programming, an object is an instance of a Class. Objects are an abstraction. They hold both data, and ways to manipulate the data. The data is usually not visible outside the object. It can only be changed by using a well-specified mechanism (usually called interface).

Suppose there is a bank account; this bank account has a current balance, but it also has a history of things that were done. These fields are however not directly accessible. There are methods like deposit() and withdraw() and checkBalance(). Most applications (and other objects) only change this object through this interface. 

Banks usually impose a credit limit. Suppose, there are 1000 dollars on the account. If the client does not have a special agreement with the bank, he cannot take out more money than there is on the account; so he can withdraw() a maximum of 1000 dollars. He might have an agreement with the bank, so he can borrow money from the bank (but has to pay a fee). In that case, he might be able to withdraw 1500 dollars (or 2000 dollars). So the withdraw method has to do a lot of checks as described above.
The account manager might see the account differently, she might have methods to set the maximum amount that can be taken out of the account, or to set the fee or interest rate that the customer has to pay for the money to be borrowed.

As an object is an instance of a class; it has certain things from that class. It can perhaps be compared to other objects of that class. Two apples, one red and bigger, the other green and smaller. On the other hand: It is not that easy to compare different objects. A green apple does not have much in common with a steel wrench.

Related pages 
 Class (programming)

Other websites 
 The Java Tutorials: Object-oriented programming concepts

Computer programming
Object-oriented design

Object-Oriented Design (OOD) is a way for the designer of a computer program to specify what a computer program will do, using the way that people think and not using the way that computers think.  People think in terms of classes and objects.  For example, fruit is a class, and there are different kinds of fruits such as bananas and pineapples.  If a computer program designer were specifying to a computer programmer how to create a computer program to manage the fruits in a supermarket, then he or she would specify the program in terms of classes and objects which is how people think.

A computer program called a compiler and/or an interpreter would take the program that the programmer typed in and convert it into a form that a computer can run.  Computers really only understand things that are encoded as numbers.  Object-Oriented-Design (OOD) uses the power and speed of a computer to allow humans to be more productive in making computer programs, by letting human computer programmers think in terms of how humans think.

Computer science
Konkan

Konkan is a part of India. It on the west coast of India. The coastal areas of Maharashtra, Goa and Karnataka are all part of Konkan region.
The word Konkan means corner (kona) and piece/part of earth (kana).

People in Konkan speak 2 main languages. One is Konkani language. Other is a dialect of Marathi language which is also called Konkani.

Geography of India
Triple J

Triple J is a radio station from Australia. It is funded and owned by the Australian Government through the Australian Broadcasting Corporation. The music played by the station is aimed at youth (usually between 12 and 25 years old) and is usually alternative music. The station started in 1972 as "Double Jay" in Sydney. It can now be heard all around Australia.

References

Other websites
Triple J homepage

Radio stations
Australian culture
Common Language Specification

A Common Language Specification (CLS) is a document that says how computer programs can be turned into Common Intermediate Language (CIL) code. When several languages use the same bytecode, different parts of a program can be written in different languages. Microsoft uses a Common Language Specification for their .NET Framework. To fully interact with other objects regardless of the language they were used in, objects must expose to callers only those features that are common to all the languages they must exchange information with. It was always a dream of Microsoft to unite all different languages into one umbrella and CLS is one step towards that. Microsoft has defined CLS which are nothing but guidelines for languages to follow so that it can communicate with other .NET languages in a seamless manner.

Most of the members defined by types in the .NET Framework class library are able to work with CLS. However, some types in the class library have one or more members that are not able to work with CLS. These members allow support for language features that are not in the CLS.

The CLS was designed to be large enough to include the language constructs that are commonly needed by developers, yet small enough that most languages are able to support it. Any language construct that makes it impossible to quickly confirm the type safety of code was excluded from the CLS so that all languages that can work with CLS can produce verifiable code if they choose to do so. 

Software

en:Common Language Specification
Cus D'Amato

Constantine "Cus" D'Amato (January 17, 1908 – November 4, 1985) was an American boxing trainer.  He trained two of boxing heavyweight champions, Mike Tyson and Floyd Patterson.

He once said, "The hero and the coward both feel the same thing, but the hero uses his fear, projects it onto his opponent, while the coward runs. It's the same thing, fear, but it's what you do with it that matters."

Early Life
Cus D'Amato was born in 1908 in Bronx, New York to an Italian family of immigrants. He was one of eight brothers. In his childhood he wanted to become a boxer like his big brother Jerry. However, at 12 years old he took part in a fight and became blind in one eye.

Career
D'Amato's love for boxing was so strong that the sport became a very important part of his life.  He trained three champions although he never boxed himself.

Death
He died in 1985 (age 77) after an inflammation of the lungs.

References

Sportspeople from New York City
Boxing
People from the Bronx
1908 births
1985 deaths