cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Truyère

The Truyère () is a river in southwestern France. It is the main tributary of the Lot river.

Geography
The Truyère river has a length of  and a drainage basin with an area of .

Its average yearly discharge (volume of water which passes through a section of the river per unit of time) is 69.5 cubic metres per second at Entraygues-sur-Truyèret.

Course
The Truyère starts in the Margeride mountains, south-western Massif Central, north of Mende, in the "commune" of La Villedieu (Lozère department), at an altitude of about .

The Truyère flows to the west, in general, and passes through 2 regions, 3 departments and 44 communes:

 Occitanie region
 Lozère: Le Malzieu-Ville, Chaulhac, Saint-Léger-du-Malzieu, Rimeize, Blavignac, Saint-Pierre-le-Vieux, Fontans, Saint-Gal, Serverette
 Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region
 Cantal: Saint-Martial, Chaliers, Oradour, Fridefont, Alleuze, Faverolles, Neuvéglise
 Occitanie region
 Aveyron: Entraygues-sur-Truyère, Thérondels, Cantoin, Montézic, Brommat

Finally, it flows, as a right tributary, into the Lot river, in Entraygues-sur-Truyèret, in the Aveyron department, at  of altitude.

The Garabit viaduct is a bridge over the Truyère near Ruynes-en-Margeride that was built by Gustave Eiffel.

There are several dams over the river to produce hydroelectricity.

Main tributaries 
The main tributaries of the Truyère river are:

Left tributaries:
 Rimeize - 37.3 km
 Bès - 66.7 km
 Lebot - 22.7 km
 Argence Vive - 23.9
 Selves - 44.5 km

Right tributaries:
 Ander - 36.2 km
 Brezons - 28.5 km
 Bromme - 28.7 km
 Goul - 52 km

Gallery

Related pages
 List of rivers of France

References

Other websites

 La Truyère (O7--0250) 

Rivers of France
Occitanie
Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes
Célé

The Célé is a river in southern France. It is a right tributary of the Lot river; it is the second largest tributary of the Lot, after the Truyère.

Several communes have the name of the river in their names:Bagnac-sur-Célé, Marcilhac-sur-Célé, Sauliac-sur-Célé.

Geography
The Célé river has a length of  and a drainage basin with an area of .

Its average yearly discharge (volume of water which passes through a section of the river per unit of time) is 17.90 cubic metres per second at Orniac.

Course

The Célé starts in the Massif Central, in the "commune" of Calvinet (Cantal department), at an altitude of about .

The Célé flows to the west, in general, and passes through 2 regions, 2 departments and 26 communes:

 Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region
 Cantal: Calvinet, Saint-Constant, Maurs, Le Trioulou, Mourjou, Fournoulès, Cassaniouze
 Occitanie region
 Lot: Viazac, Linac, Saint-Jean-Mirabel, Bagnac-sur-Célé, Figeac, Marcilhac-sur-Célé, Lunan, Corn, Camboulit, Boussac, Brengues, Saint-Sulpice, Espagnac-Sainte-Eulalie, Béduer, Cabrerets, Orniac, Sauliac-sur-Célé, Saint-Chels

Finally, it flows, as a right tributary, into the Lot river, in Bouziès, in the Lot department, at  of altitude.

Main tributaries 
The main tributaries of the Célé river are (only right tributaries because the left tributaries are small Streams):

Right tributaries:
 Ressègue - 22.4 km
 Rance - 35.9 km
 Veyre - 32.9 km
 Bervezou - 24 km
 Drauzou - 22.6 km

Related pages
 List of rivers of France

References

Other websites

 Banque Hydro - MEDDE, « Synthèse de la Banque Hydro - Le Célé à Orniac  

Rivers of France
Occitanie
Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes
Patty Judge

Patty Judge (born November 2, 1943) is an American nurse and politician. She was the 46th Lieutenant Governor of Iowa. She was also previously the Secretary of Agriculture for Iowa. In 2010, she ran for re-election, though was not successful. She had been elected to the office with the Governor Chet Culver.

In March 2016, she announced her run for the Democratic nomination for the United States Senate. She won the primary on June 7. She lost the general election to the incumbent Chuck Grassley.

Judge was born in Fort Madison, Iowa.

References

1943 births
Living people
Lieutenant Governors of Iowa
US Democratic Party politicians
Suntec City

Suntec City is a major multi-use development located in Marina Centre, a subzone of the Downtown Core in Singapore. Construction began on 18 January 1992 (with earthworks) followed by full completion and opening on 22 July 1997. It had Suntec Convention Centre, the five towers and a shopping mall. Suntec City was renovated between 2012 and 2015.

References 

Places in Singapore

External links 

 Suntec city
Esplanade MRT station

Esplanade MRT Station (CC3) is an underground Mass Rapid Transit station on the Circle Line in Downtown Core, Singapore, at the junction of Bras Basah Road, Raffles Boulevard and Nicoll Highway. The station was opened on 17 April 2010 along with the rest of Stages 1 & 2 of the Circle Line. It is located next to the War Memorial Park, the Suntec City Mall and the Suntec Singapore International Convention and Exhibition Centre. The station also has a link to Raffles City, CityLink Mall, Suntec City Mall and Marina Square.

There is a link from Esplanade station to City Hall station via the underground shopping centre CityLink Mall or basement 2 of Raffles City shopping mall. iExperience Gallery is also located here.

Prior to the opening of the station, names like Suntec, Suntec West, War Memorial and Memorial Park were used.

References

Mass Rapid Transit (Singapore) stations
City Hall MRT station

City Hall MRT station (NS25/EW13) is an underground Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) interchange station in Singapore, that has received very high passenger number all the while. It is named after the national monument - City Hall before National Gallery took over in 2015. It provides cross platform interchange between the two lines.

It is located in the Civic District in the Downtown Core, which is within the Central Area, the city centre of Singapore. It is situated underground, beneath the junction of Stamford Road and North Bridge Road, and is thus east of the Singapore River. The commercial district of Raffles Place and its respective station is located across the Singapore River.

History
Before this station was built, it was called St Andrew's. It was renamed to City Hall in 1984.

Incidents
On December 10, 1985, a foreman died at City Hall MRT station.

This station was part of the series of 2011 MRT train disruptions on 15 and 17 December 2011. The disruption was caused by a misalignment between the trains' current collector shoes and the third rail. The disruption was one of Singapore's two largest MRT disruptions at the time of occurrence.

A power failure and blackout occurred at the station on 6 July 2012 at about 1.30 pm, causing the platforms for north and west-bound trains to turn pitch black. Emergency lighting was turned on immediately after the incident occurred. However, train services were not affected by the incident. Lighting was progressively restored from 2 pm, and was back to normal at 3.15 pm. All escalators have also been turned on. SMRT has apologised for any inconvenience caused.

Related pages
Mass Rapid Transit (Singapore)

References

Other websites

 

Mass Rapid Transit (Singapore) stations
1987 establishments in Singapore
Raffles Place MRT station

Raffles Place MRT station (EW14/NS26) is an underground Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) interchange station on the North South Line and the East West Line in Downtown Core, Singapore. It is directly underneath the centre of the financial area of Raffles Place, located in the Downtown Core area, south of the Singapore River. It is one of the more prominent and busier stations within Singapore's transport system during peak hours, especially being an interchange station located within the Central Area. The station has many entrances/exits, the two main ones facing the Raffles Gardens, with the building being a miniature facade of the historic John Little building, just before the Telok Ayer and Downtown MRT Station came on board.

This station used to be the largest and deepest MRT station in Singapore, but the record was broken by Dhoby Ghaut in 2003 and then by Bras Basah in 2010, then by Promenade in 2013 which is 43 metres below ground. It is also one of the four MRT stations to appear in "Uniquely Singapore Edition" of the board game Monopoly.

The station is the only MRT station to ever participate in three terrorist exercises, which are Exercise Northstar IV on January 11, 2004, Exercise Northstar V, when it was one of four stations which participated in the exercise on January 8, 2006, as well as Exercise Northstar VII on July 7, 2009 together with Sentosa and VivoCity. At Raffles Place, most southbound trains will then terminate at Marina Bay while few others at Marina South Pier.

Related pages
Mass Rapid Transit (Singapore)

References

Other websites

 

Mass Rapid Transit (Singapore) stations
1987 establishments in Singapore
Marina Bay MRT station

Marina Bay MRT station (NS27/CE2/TE20) is an underground Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) interchange station on the North South Line and Circle Line, located on the boundary of Downtown Core and Straits View planning areas in Singapore. The station is designed by Aedas. 

It was the southern terminus of the North South Line until late November 2014. However, most trains terminate at Marina Bay instead of Marina South Pier possibly due to the low passenger demand at Marina South Pier. Passengers who are going to Marina South Pier should observe the television screens on the station platforms and listen to announcements which will notify commuters when a train that is terminating at Marina South Pier arrives. Circle Line trains that begin from here terminate at Stadium MRT station, with a few trains terminating at HarbourFront MRT station during peak hours. When the Thomson-East Coast MRT Line opens, it will become 3-line interchange.

Marina Bay is mainly used as an interchange station as there is very little buildings nearby.

Exits
A: Marina Station Road, Marina South Pier, Marina Barrage, Bayfront Avenue Taxi Stand
B: Asia Square, Central Boulevard, Marina Bay City Gallery, Marina Bay Financial Centre, Marina Bay Link Mall, Marina Bay Residences, Marina Bay Sands, Marina Bay Suites, Marina Boulevard, The Promontory @ Marina Bay
It is possible to walk 500 meters to Downtown MRT station from Exit B of the station.

Related pages
Mass Rapid Transit (Singapore)

References

Other websites

 

Mass Rapid Transit (Singapore) stations
1987 establishments in Singapore
Bishan MRT station

Bishan MRT station (NS17/CC15) is a Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) interchange station along the North South Line and Circle Line in Bishan, Singapore. It was one of the original five stations on the North South Line. It also serves the Circle Line which opened on 8 October 2017.

The north south line platforms are one of the few on the MRT that has split side platforms. This station is also only one of four to have faregates on the same level as the platforms, with the others being Expo, Changi Airport and Stevens

Related pages
Mass Rapid Transit (Singapore)

References

Other websites

 

Mass Rapid Transit (Singapore) stations
1987 establishments in Asia
2017 establishments in Asia
2010s establishments in Singapore
20th-century establishments in Singapore
Nicoll Highway MRT station

Nicoll Highway MRT Station is a MRT station in Singapore, and it was only been there when the Nicoll Highway collapse on 17 April 2004.

References

Mass Rapid Transit (Singapore) stations
Stadium MRT station

Stadium MRT Station is a MRT station in Singapore, that connects to the Singapore Sports Hub and Kallang Wave.

References

Mass Rapid Transit (Singapore) stations
Singapore Armed Forces

The Singapore Armed Forces (SAF) is the military arm of the Total Defence of the Republic of Singapore; as well as the military component of the Ministry of Defence.

The SAF has three services: the Singapore Army, the Republic of Singapore Air Force (RSAF) and the Republic of Singapore Navy (RSN). The SAF protects the interests, sovereignty and territorial integrity of Singapore from external threats.

The SAF relies heavily on a large pool of conscripts in the active and reserve forces. It has an active strength of around 71,600 personnel and is capable of mobilising over 900,000 reservists. National Servicemen (NSmen) make up more than 80% of its military defence system and form the backbone of the SAF.

SAF uses the SAR-21 rifle.

References

Singapore
Wiler bei Utzenstorf

Wiler bei Utzenstorf is a municipality in the administrative district of Emmental in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

 Official website 
 

Municipalities of Bern
Ebikon

Ebikon (Swiss German: Äbike) is a municipality of the district Lucerne-Land in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

 Official Homepage of Ebikon 

Municipalities of Lucerne
Cities in Switzerland
Qapik

Qapik (or gapik, from ) is a monetary unit of Azerbaijan, equal to 1/100 of the Azerbaijani manat. The 2006 currency denomination of the Azerbaijani manat introduced 1, 3, 5, 10, 20 and 50 qapik into circulation.

The 1, 3 and 5 qapik are made of copper-covered steel. The 10 and 20 qapik are made of brass-covered steel, the 50 qapik are in two colors.

The word qapik comes from the Russian word "kopek" which means spear, and which was a currency since the time of Ivan the Terrible in the 16th century and is now the monetary unit of the Russian ruble, Ukrainian hryvnia and Belarusian ruble.

Related pages
 Azerbaijani manat

Notes

Currency of Asia
Currency of Europe
Economy of Azerbaijan
History of baseball in the United States

The history of baseball in the United States can be traced to the 19th century. This is when amateurs played a baseball-like game by their own informal rules using equipment they made themselves. The popularity of the sport inspired the semi-pro national baseball clubs in the 1860s.

Early history
The earliest known mention of baseball in the United States was a 1791 Pittsfield, Massachusetts, law banning the playing of the game within  of the town meeting house. In 1903, the British sportswriter Henry Chadwick wrote an article saying that baseball came from a British game called rounders. A game  which Chadwick had played as a boy in England. But baseball executive Albert Spalding disagreed. Baseball, said Spalding, was basically an American sport and began in America. To decide they agreed to let Abraham G. Mills settle the question by heading a commission. After three years they found that Abner Doubleday had invented the national pastime.

In 2004, baseball historian John Thorn discovered the 1791 town ordinance, putting Pittsfield's connection to baseball 48 years before Abner Doubleday accepted invention of the game in 1839 in Cooperstown, New York. This is where the National Baseball Hall of Fame now stands. The Hall of Fame recognized the ordinance as the first known reference to the game and honored the town with a plaque. Another early reference reports that base ball was regularly played on Saturdays in 1823 just outside of New York City in an area that today is Greenwich Village.

Betting scandals 
Baseball started out being a game children played. Baseball's rise in popularity coincidee with professional gamblers noticing the game. Those who ran gambling games thought adults would be more interested if they could bet on who would win. This would also add profits for gambling halls. Very soon gamblers were paying players to lose intentionally (called "throwing" a game) for a percentage of the profits. Players, fans and probably even umpires, all gambled on every part of a game. This is how most players made any money playing baseball.

The 1919 Black Sox Scandal took place during the 1919 World Series. The Chicago White Sox lost the series to the Cincinnati Reds. Eight White Sox players were later accused of intentionally losing the games in exchange for money from gamblers. The players were found not guilty in court but were still banned for life from baseball. But game-fixing dates dates back to 1865. That was the first scandal where three players were banned from playing again.

References 

Baseball
List of Pashto-language movies

This is a list of Pashto-language movies.

1970

1973

1992

1993

2006

2007

2008

2012

2016

Related pages 
 Arbaaz Khan

References 

Lists of movies
Qom

Qom is the second religious city of Iran and one of the bases of Shi'ism. The city dates back to before the rise of Islam. The city was conquered by Muslims in 23/644-645 but the people of Qom converted to Islam with the immigration of Ash'ariyyun in 85/704-705, the beginning of the development of Qom as a Shi'a city was from that time.

Immigration of Lady Fatima al-Ma'suma (a) to Qom and his shrine in the city, and after that, immigration of other Imam's descendants and Sayyids, made the city the base of Shi'ism in Iran. Foundation of Qom seminary added to the Shi'a fame of the city.

Today, the city is the greatest base of Shi'ism from which the Shi'a knowledge is promoted to the world.

References
 The material for writing this article is mainly taken from قم  in Farsi WikiShia.

Cities in Iran
Wileroltigen

Wileroltigen is a municipality in the administrative district of Bern-Mittelland in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.

References

Municipalities of Bern
Willadingen

Willadingen is a municipality in the administrative district of Emmental in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

 Official website of Willadingen 

Municipalities of Bern
Wimmis

Wimmis is a municipality in the administrative district of Frutigen-Niedersimmental in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

 Official Website 

Municipalities of Bern
Lanyard

A lanyard is a cord or strap. It is made to help the wearer keep and use some basic items of equipment, especially small items. It is usually worn around the neck with an ID card or keys. 

Lanyards were first introduced in the 15th century. In the military, lanyards are worn on the shoulders of uniforms to denote the wearer's qualification or regimental affiliation.

References

Other websites
Lanyards - a historical view

Clothing
Controlled flight into terrain

A controlled flight into terrain (CFIT, usually pronounced cee-fit) is an accident in which an airworthy aircraft, under pilot control, is unintentionally flown into the ground, a mountain, a body of water or an obstacle. In a typical CFIT scenario, the crew is not aware of the situation until it is too late to stop it. The term was coined by engineers at Boeing in the late 1970s.

Accidents where the aircraft is out of control at the time of impact, because of mechanical failure or pilot error, are not considered CFIT (they are known as uncontrolled flight into terrain). Accidents resulting from the deliberate action of the person flying the aircraft, such as acts of terrorism or suicide by pilot.

According to Boeing, CFIT is a leading cause of airplane accidents involving the loss of life. It has caused over 9,000 deaths since the beginning of the commercial jet age. CFIT was identified as a cause of 25% of USAF Class A mishaps between 1993 and 2002.

References 

 Fatal Plane Crash Recorded From Inside The Plane (CFIT); YouTube
 Controlled Flight Into Terrain - by Cessna; YouTube

Aircraft
Savio (river)

The Savio () is a river that starts in the Apennines mountain and flows to east into the Adriatic Sea. It is the longest river of the Romagna region.

Geography
The Savio river has a length of , and a drainage basin with an area of approximately .

Its discharge (volume of water which passes through a section of the river per unit of time) depends of the season: in the autumn could be as high as 1,000 cubic metres per second but is very low during summer. Most of the time, the discharge is about 6 cubic metres per second.

Course
The Savio river starts, with the name of Fosso Grosso, in the Mount Fumaiolo, a mountain in the Apennines, at an elevation of about , in the commune of Verghereto, in the border between Tuscany and Emilia-Romagna regions. At its source there is monument with symbols that represent the Romagna region and the Verghereto commune.

In Montecoronaro, a frazione (an Italian subdivision of a municipality) of Verghereto, the river takes the name of Savio. The river flows through the communes of Bagno di Romagna and San Piero in Bagno and, after a few kilometres, it forms an artificial reservoir, the Lago di Quarto, where it is joined, on the right side, by its first important tributary, the stream Para.

It flows through the communes of Sarsina, Mercato Saraceno and Cesena, all in the province of Forlì-Cesena. In Botello (a frazione of Cesena), it is joined on the left side by its main tributary, the stream Botello. Then it goes into the province of Ravenna and flows through Castiglione di Cervia (commune of Cervia) and Castiglione di Ravenna (commune of Ravenna).

Finally, after 126 kilometres, it flows into the Adriatic Sea between Lido di Classe, a seaside resort, and Lido di Savio.

Main tributaries 
The tributaries of the Savio are all small streams; the main are the Botello, left tributary, and Para, coming from the right.

Related pages
 List of rivers of Italy

References

Other websites
 F.I.P.S.A.S. Sezione Provinciale di Forlì-Cesena: Fiume Savio  
 Weather statistics for Fiume Savio

Emilia-Romagna
Rivers of Italy
Alexander Dubček

Alexander Dubček was a Slovak politician. He was briefly leader of Czechoslovakia (1968–1969).

Dubček tried to change the communist government during the Prague Spring. He was made to quit after the Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia. He became a politician again after the Velvet Revolution.

References

1921 births
1992 deaths
Communist politicians
Presidents of Czechoslovakia
Humanists
Military personnel of World War II
Road accident deaths
Slovakian politicians
Walter Hallstein

Walter Hallstein (17 November 1901 – 29 March 1982) was a German academic, diplomat, and politician. He was the first president of the Commission of the European Economic Community. He was one of the founding fathers of the European Union.

Hallstein is also the person behind the Hallstein Doctrine, wich the former state of West Germany proclaimed in 1955. It meant that West Germany wouldn't have diplomatic relations with countries that recognized East Germany.

References

1901 births
1982 deaths
European Commissioners
Former members of the German Bundestag
German academics
German diplomats
German military personnel of World War II
German writers
Jurists
People from Mainz

Politicians from Rhineland-Palatinate
Politicians of the Christian Democratic Union of Germany
Prisoners of war
Todor Zhivkov

Todor Hristov Zhivkov ( ; 7 September 1911 – 5 August 1998) was the communist head of state of the People's Republic of Bulgaria (PRB) from March 4, 1954 until November 10, 1989.

Zhivkov was the longest-serving leader of any Eastern Bloc nation. He is one of the longest ruling non-royal leaders in history.

References

1911 births
1998 deaths
Communist politicians
Prime Ministers of Bulgaria
Former dictators
Blek le Rat

Blek le Rat is Xavier Prou. He was one of the first graffiti artists in Paris, and has been described as the "Father of stencil graffiti".

Xavier Prou was born on 15 November 1951 in Boulogne-Billancourt in the western suburbs of Paris.

Early career and influence
Blek began his artwork in 1981, painting stencils of rats on the walls of Parisian streets. He described the rat as "the only free animal in the city", and one which "spreads the plague everywhere, just like street art". His name comes from the comic book Blek le Roc, using "rat" as an anagram for "art".

References 

Living people
1952 births
Artists from Paris
Murray Gell-Mann

Murray Gell-Mann (September 15, 1929 – May 24, 2019) was an American physicist who received the 1969 Nobel Prize in Physics for his work on the theory of elementary particles. He was the Robert Andrews Millikan Professor of Theoretical Physics Emeritus at the California Institute of Technology, a Distinguished Fellow and co-founder of the Santa Fe Institute, Professor in the Physics and Astronomy Department of the University of New Mexico, and the Presidential Professor of Physics and Medicine at the University of Southern California.

Gell-Mann has also worked at CERN, as a John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation Fellow in 1972.

Works
He was known for his study of particle physics, the smallest parts that make up the universe. These small particles behaved in ways that did not appear to follow the known laws of physics, and Gell-Mann came up with the idea of giving them a strangeness number which could allow them to be compared and put into categories. He also came up with idea that parts of an atom, the proton ad the neutron were made up of even smaller particles. He called the quarks, a nonsense work from James Joyce's book, Finnigan's Wake.

Gell-Mann then developed the idea that quarks were held together inside the nucleus by a force he called "color", and this force could be given a quantum number. With Richard Feynman he discovered a weak interaction between sub-atomic particles. He researched string theory which could explain what makes up the smallest particles and forces.

Personal life
Gell-Mann was an agnostic. Gell-Mann supported Barack Obama for the United States presidency in October 2008.

Gell-Mann died on May 24, 2019 at his home in Santa Fe, New Mexico, aged 89.

References

Other websites

 Gell-Mann's Home Page at SFI 
 "Beauty, truth and ... physics?" (TED2007)
 "The ancestor of language" (TED2007)
 Murray Gell-Mann Video Interview with the Academy of Achievement in 1990
 Murray Gell-Mann talks quarks (Video)
 Membership at the Council on Foreign Relations

1929 births
2019 deaths
Nobel Prize in Physics winners
People from Manhattan
Scientists from New York City
American theoretical physicists
Beatriz Montañez

Beatriz Montañez López (born 3 June 1977 in Almadén, Castile-La Mancha) is a Spanish journalist and radio speaker.

Biography

Early years 
She began working in the radio at Onda Mancha from Almadén (currently Cadena SER Almadén). Afterwards she went to the University of California where she got a degree in journalism. At same time, Montañez worked in several Spanish language radio stations in the U.S., Telemundo and Radio KLVE among others.

Back in Spain, she studied audiovisual communication and production at Instituto de RTVE and made a master via online at Harvard University.

LaSexta 
In 2006 began to work in LaSexta's El Intermedio as anchorwoman and El Gran Wyoming as host.

In 2011 she left the programme being replaced by Sandra Sabatés.

Tele 5 
In 2013 was hired by Tele 5 to present along Jordi González: El gran debate. In March, 2014 hosted Hable con ellas, an interview TV-magazine at the same channel until July.

Book 
On March 15, 2021, she publishes the book "Niadela", where she talks about how she decided to live a simple life alone in the mountains.

References

Other websites
 

1977 births
Living people
Spanish journalists
Spanish people
Gōjū-ryū

Gōjū-ryū is Japanese for "hard-soft style." It is one of the main traditional Okinawan styles of karate.  Gōjū-ryū uses a combination of hard and soft techniques. Both principles, hard and soft, come from the famous martial arts book used by Okinawan masters during the 19th and 20th centuries, the Bubishi ().  Gō, which means hard, refers to closed hand techniques or straight linear attacks. Jū, which means soft, refers to open hand techniques and circular movements. Gōjū-ryū uses both circular and linear movements. It combines hard striking attacks such as kicks. It also uses close hand punches with softer open hand circular techniques. These are used for attacking, blocking, and controlling the opponent. This includes locks, grappling, takedowns and throws.

References 

Martial art techniques
Karate
Palmiro Togliatti

Palmiro Togliatti was an Italian politician. He was leader of the Italian Communist Party from 1927 until his death. 

Togliatti began his political life in the Italian Socialist Party. After World War I he created the Communist Party of Italy with others. In 1926 Benito Mussolini outlawed the party. Togliatti became the leader in exile. In 1943, the name was changed to the Italian Communist Party. In 1944 Togliatti returned to Italy. He died of a cerebral hemorrhage in Ukraine.

References

1893 births
1964 deaths
Communist politicians
Deaths from cerebral hemorrhage

Italian communists
People from Genoa
Keith Holyoake

Sir Keith Jacka Holyoake,  (; 11 February 1904 – 8 December 1983) was the 26th Prime Minister of New Zealand. He served for a brief period in 1957 and then from 1960 to 1972. He was also the 13th Governor-General of New Zealand, serving from 1977 to 1980.

Holyoake was a Member of Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council. He used the following Post-nominal letters:
KG Knight Companion of the Most Noble Order of the Garter
GCMG Knight Grand Cross of The Most Distinguished Order Of Saint Michael And Saint George
CH Order of the Companions of Honour
QSO Companion of the Queen's Service Order
KStJ Knight of Justice of The Most Venerable Order of the Hospital of Saint John of Jerusalem

References

1904 births
1983 deaths
Governors General of New Zealand
Prime Ministers of New Zealand
Anti-Communists
Knights Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George
Knights of the Garter
Deputy Prime Ministers of New Zealand
Gaafar Nimeiry

Gaafar Muhammad an-Nimeiry was the President of Sudan from 1969 to 1985. His name is also spelled Jaafar Nimeiry, Gaafar Nimeiry or Ga'far Muhammad Numayri.

Nimeiry came to power after a military coup in 1969. In 1972 he signed the Addis Ababa Agreement, ending the First Sudanese Civil War. In 1983 he imposed Sharia law. This led to the Second Sudanese Civil War. He was removed from power in 1985. Nimeiry went into exile in Egypt.

References

1930 births
2009 deaths
Presidents of Sudan
Prime Ministers of Sudan
Alikovsky District

Alikovsky District (; , Elĕk rajonĕ) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the twenty-one in the Chuvash Republic, Russia. It is located in the northwestern central part of the republic and borders with Morgaushsky and Yadrinsky Districts in the north, Krasnoarmeysky District in the east, Vurnarsky and Shumerlinsky Districts in the south, and with Krasnochetaysky District in the west. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Alikovo. Population:  The population of Alikovo accounts for 14.5% of the district's total population.

History
The district was formed on October 1, 1927.

Economy
There is a construction plant in Alikovo.

Transportation
The Cheboksary–Yadrin and the Cheboksary–Krasnye Chetay autoroute cross the territory of the district.

Demographics
As of the 2002 Census, 98% of the population was Chuvash.

Education
There is a middle school in Alikovo.

Culture
There is a museum, a people's theater, a folk band, a veteran's orchestra, a school's brass band, and a chorus. Regional Chuvash music festival "Vir'yal shevlisem" (lit. Viryal's pancakes) takes place in May of each year.

Notable people
 Alexander Artemiev, writer and poet
 Anatoly Serep, writer and poet
 Arcady Aris, writer
 Arkady Malov, poet and translator
 Boris Markov, actor, director
 Gerasim Pileš, writer and playwright
 Ille Toktash, writer and poet
 Nikita Larionov, writer and poet
 Nikolai Yut, writer, folklorist, and literature critic
 Stanislav Voronov, artist

Further reading
 L. A. Yefimov, "Alikovsky District" ("Элĕк Енĕ"), Alikovo, 1994.
 "Аликовская энциклопедия" (Alikovsky District's Encyclopedia), authors: Yefimov L.A., Yefimov E.L., Ananyev A.A., Terentyev G.K., Cheboksary, 2009, .

References

Notes

Sources
Thirunallar

Thirunallar is a small town in the district of Karaikal, Puducherry Union territory, India. It is on the banks of Noolaaru River and Vanchiaaru River in the north and the banks of Arasalar River in the south.

Thirunallar is specially famous for the temple dedicated to Lord Shani, or Lord Saturn. The temple is named after him, Thirunallar Saniswaran temple. The main deity of the town is Lord Dharbharanyeshwarar, a form of Lord Shiva.

The temple of this town is the only temple dedicated to Lord Shani in the whole world. Whenever Lord Saturn passes from one zodiac sign to the other (Sani Peyarchi), millions of people comes to Thirunallar for worshiping the lord. The Nala theertham or Nalan kulam is the temple tank of this temple, which is said to be washing away all misfortunes caused by karma. That is why Lord Shani is renowned as "the dispenser of Karma".

Thirunallar is believed to be named for King Nala, the king of the country of Nishadha.

References

Other websites 
Official page 

Towns in India
Settlements in Puducherry
Karaikal District
Tirumalairayanpattinam

Tirumalairayanpattinam is a census town in Karaikal district, Puducherry Union territory, India. This is also a religious town like the other main renowned towns in the Karaikal district. The town's name is often shortened to TR Pattinam. This town is on the banks of Thirumalairajanar River

TR Pattinam is named after a king like the town of Thirunallar. Tirumalairayanpattinam is named after King Thirumalai Raja, who ruled this town from 1453 to 1468. At his time both the river and the town was named after him. But later the name of the town changed to Tirumalairayan pattinam.

Famous things in the Tirumalairayan Pattinam
 A 160 year old bridge still stands in the Tirumalairajan River. 
 
 Aayiram Kaali Amman Temple is an ancient temple. The deity is made entirely of wood. 
 
 Maasi magam festival 

 Arulmigu Abhirami Amman Temple is also a famous temple.

Transportation
TR Pattinam has its own railway station under the control of the Indian Railways. It is also well connected with the port city and the district headquarters, Karaikal.

Reference

 

Towns in India
Settlements in Puducherry
Karaikal District
Paraguarí Department

The Paraguarí department () is a department of Paraguay. The capital is the city of Paraguarí. Its ISO 3166-2 code  is PY-09.

History
The territory of this department is in a valley formerly called "Yarigua'a" that was part of the mission of Jesuit priests during the colonization.

At the end of the 16th century, the Franciscan missionaries founded the city of Yaguarón with Guarani people. More towns were founded on which today form part of this department:
 Carapeguá (1725)
 Quiindy (1733)
 Ybycuí (1766)
 Pirayú (1769)
 Paraguarí (1775), the present capital of the department
 Quyquyhó (1776)
 Ybytimí and Acahay (1783)
 Caapucú (1787)

The department was created in 1935. In 1945, the old department of Quyyndy was made part of Paraguarí.

Geography
The Paraguarí department is in the southwest of the Oriental region. It is one of the smallest of the departments of Paraguay, with an area of . It has a population of 239,633 for a population density of .

Limits
 To the north: Cordillera and Caaguazú departments.
 To the east: Guairá and Caazapá departments.
 To the south: Misiones department.
 To the west: Ñeembucú and Central departments.

Districts
The department is divided in 17 districts:

Related pages
 Departments of Paraguay
 ISO 3166-2:PY

References

Other websites

 Gobernación de Paraguarí website  
 Statoids - Departments of Paraguay
 Secretaria Nacional de Turismo

Departments of Paraguay
Oswald the Lucky Rabbit

Oswald the Lucky Rabbit is the first animal-based character made by Disney productions.  In 1927, Universal Studios hired Disney studios to make him for Alice Comedies. Universal Studios owned the character by law.

According to Disney, Universal Studios named him "Oswald" by picking the name out of a hat.

Oswald was called the lucky rabbit because of the idea of rabbits' feet being lucky.  In his cartoons, Oswald would pull off his own foot, rub it for luck, and then put it back.

Oswald is drawn with big eyes, big ears and shorts like the ones Mickey Mouse wears.

When Disney separated from Universal Studios, the artists there made a new character called Mickey Mouse. Meanwhile, Universal used Oswald the Lucky Rabbit in comics in 1935 and in animated programs until 1943.

Disney bought Oswald back in 2006. Disney put him in the video game Epic Mickey in 2010 for the Nintendo Wii

References

Animated characters
Disney characters
Fictional hares and rabbits
Fátima Bernardes

Fátima Bernardes (born September 17, 1962) is a Brazilian journalist and talk show host. She has worked at Rede Globo since 1987. In this television network she  started to work in TV newscasts and became very famous. In 2011, she trended worldwide on Twitter after announcing her new professional phase as show host. Forbes has said Bernardes could become as popular as Oprah''.

Filmography

References

1962 births
Living people
Brazilian people
Brazilian journalists
San Felipe de Aconcagua Province

San Felipe de Aconcagua Province () is one of eight provinces of the central Chilean region of Valparaíso (V). The city of San Felipe is the capital of the province.

Geography
The San Felipe de Aconcagua province has an area of , the third largest province in the Valparaíso region; only the Petorca and Los Andes provinces are more large.

San Felipe de Aconcagua is a landlocked province (it does not border the ocean) and is bordered on the north by the Petorca province, on the east by Argentina and the Los Andes province, to the south by the Santiago Metropolitan region, and to the west by the Quillota province.

The main rivers of the province are the Aconcagua river and its right tributary, the Putaendo river.

Population
 (last national census), there were 131,911 people living in the province, giving it a population density of  inhabitants/km².

The largest city of the province is San Felipe, its capital, with a population, in 2002, of 57,760 inhabitants. Other cities are Llaillay (16,215), Santa María (8,126) and Putaendo (7,214).

Administration
As a province, San Felipe de Aconcagua is a second-level administrative division, consisting of six communes (comunas). The city of San Felipe serves as the provincial capital. The province is administered by a governor.

Related pages
 Provinces of Chile

References

Other websites
 Territorial division of Chile 
 Gobierno Regional de Valparaíso  Official website 
 Province of San Felipe de Aconcagua website 

Provinces of Chile
1926 Miami hurricane

The 1926 Miami Hurricane (or the Great Miami Hurricane) was a very large and violent tropical cyclone. The hurricane caused a lot of damage in the Miami metropolitan area of southern Florida and in the Bahamas.

The storm caused $78.5 million in damage to the United States. Estimates from 2010 put the damage at $165 billion, meaning the storm surpasses Katrina as the costliest U.S. hurricane.

Between 372 and 540 deaths happened because of the hurricane.

References

1926
Hurricanes in the United States
September events
20th century in the Bahamas
1920s in Florida
20th century in Alabama
20th century in Mississippi
20th century in Louisiana
Miami metropolitan area

The Miami metropolitan area is the metropolitan area including Miami and its nearby communities. As of 2015, there were more than six million inhabitants. This makes the Miami metropolitan area the most populous in Florida and the second-most populous in the Southeastern United States.

The Miami metropolitan area includes Miami-Dade County, Broward and Palm Beach counties in southeastern Florida. This area is also called the Gold Coast.

Cities in the Miami metropolitan area include Miami itself, Homestead, Hialeah and Miami Beach.

Miami, Florida
Metropolitan areas of the United States
Valparai

Valparai is a town in the district of Coimbatore of Tamil Nadu. Valparai is 100 km away from the district headquarters Coimbatore. Areas in Valparai are mostly owned by private tea companies and large forest areas. It is a hill station, located 3500 feet(1100m) height above sea level on the Anaimalai Hills range of the Western Ghats.

Earliest records say that in 1846 Ramasamy Mudaliar started a coffee plantation here. Later in 1864, the Karnatic coffee company started a coffee plantation in this area. In 1890, W.Wintil and Nordan bought this area from the Madras State Government (present Tamil Nadu) under the British Raj. Mr.Wintil deforested the forest areas in Valparai to cultivate tea and coffee.

According to the 2011 census, Valparai has a population of 70,859 with sex ratio of 1013 per 1000 males and literacy rate 78.47%. 59.68% of the population consist of Scheduled Castes and 1.75% population of the Scheduled Tribes.

References

Coimbatore district
Yanam district

Yanam district is one of the four districts of the Union Territory of Puducherry.

Yanam is a small territory of just 20 km2. It is in Andhra Pradesh. But Yanam district, Mahe district, Karaikal district and Puducherry district comes under Puducherry Union territory, as they were French colonies up to 1954.

Yanam is surrounded by the district of East Godavari of Andhra Pradesh. Yanam district consists of 7 revenue villages and a town. Yanam is a town as well as the district headquarters. The other villages are Agraharam, Darialatippa, Farampeta, Guerempeta, Kanakalapeta, Kurasampeta and Mettakur. The total population of the district is just 55,616, roughly equal to the population of Greenland.

References

Puducherry
Districts of India
Mahe district

Mahe district is one of the four districts of Puducherry Union Territory. Mahe is the smallest district in India by size and sixth district in India with least population.

Mahe is surrounded on three sides by Kannur district and a side by Kozhikode district, as it is located in Kerala state. Puducherry union territory consists of four unconnected districts.

Mahe district has a very small area of just 8.69 sq.kms. The total population of the district is 41,934, roughly equal to Liechtenstein. The literacy rate of the district is 98.35%. The population density of Mahe district is 4659 inhabitants/1 square km and 12070 inhabitants/1 square miles.

Reference

Puducherry
Vice-President of India

The Vice President of India is the second-highest constitutional official in India, after the President.

Article 63 of the Indian Constitution states that "there shall be a Vice-President". The person who holds the post of Vice-President acts as the President of India during the absence of the President due to resignation, death, impeachment and other reasons. The Vice President is also the Ex-officio Chairperson of the Rajya Sabha. The Vice-President is elected indirectly by members of an electoral college consisting of the members of both houses of the Parliament of India.

The salary for the Vice-President is 125,000 Rupees.

The present Vice President of India is Venkaiah Naidu. He began his term 11 August 2017.

Reference
Chalumeau

The chalumeau is the oldest form of the clarinet. 

It is the first true single reed instrument. The plural for chalumeau is chalumeaux. 

Woodwind instruments
Typhoon Meranti

Typhoon Meranti, also known in the Philippines as Typhoon Ferdie, was one of the strongest tropical cyclones on record. The storm struck the Philippines, Taiwan and mainland China. In terms of pressure, Meranti was the strongest typhoon since Typhoon Megi in 2010. It was also the strongest in terms of wind speeds since Typhoon Haiyan in 2013. Furthermore, it was the strongest tropical cyclone in 2016.

The storm caused more than $2.6 billion in damage. It led to more than 30 deaths.

References

2016 in weather
Pacific typhoons
September 2016 events
San Felipe, Chile

San Felipe ( Spanish for "St. Philip") is a Chilean city; it is the capital and main city of the San Felipe de Aconcagua province, Valparaíso region.

History
San Felipe was founded on 3 August 1740 by José Antonio Manso, who conquered the Aconcagua Valley. The city was named, after the king Philip V of Spain (), as San Felipe el Real.

Geography

The commune of San Felipe is in the valley of the Aconcagua river and has an area of . It is   north of the national capital of Santiago and at about  to the west of the Aconcagua, the highest mountain of the Americas.

The commune is bordered on the north by the Putaendo commune, on the east by the Santa María commune, on the southeast by the Los Andes and Rinconada communes of the Los Andes province, on the south by the Panquehue commune, and on the west by the Catemu commune.

 
The city of San Felipe is along the Aconcagua river, the main river of the province and of the Valparaíso region, near the point where the river is joined by the Putaendo river.

Population
 (last national census), there were 64,126 people living in the commune, giving it a population density of  inhabitants/km².

The city of San Felipe has an urban area of  and a population, in 2002, of 53,017 inhabitants.

Its inhabitants are called Sanfelipeños (women, Sanfelipeñas).

Related pages
Communes of Chile
Provinces of Chile

References

Other websites

 Territorial division of Chile 
 Gobierno Regional de Valparaíso  Official website 
 Municipalidadnde San Felipe website  

Cities in Chile
Macmillan Cancer Support

Macmillan Cancer Support is one of the largest British charities. It provides health care, information and financial support to people affected by cancer. As well as helping with the medical needs of people affected by cancer, Macmillan also looks at the social, emotional and practical impact cancer can have. Macmillan campaigns for better cancer care. Macmillan Cancer Support's goal is to reach and improve the lives of everyone living with cancer in the UK. They are one of Britain's top 1,000 charities.

References 

Cancer
Conventional weapon

Conventional weapons are those weapons that are not weapons of mass destruction. They can include weapons such as armoured fighting vehicles, armed helicopters, combat aircraft, artillery and warships. They can also include (but are not limited to) small arms, ammunition, cluster munitions and land mines. There is no single definition of conventional weapons. But they are the main weapons used in modern conventional warfare.

UN Register of Conventional Arms 
The United Nations set up the UN Register of Conventional Arms (UNROCA) in 1991. UN member nations add details of their imports and exports of conventional weapons. There are seven categories of conventional weapons in the register.

 Category I – Battle tanks.
 Category II – Armored combat vehicles.
 Category III – Large-calibre artillery systems.
 Category IV – Combat aircraft.
 Category V – Attack helicopters.
 Category VI – Warships.
 Category VII – Missiles and missile launchers.

Related pages 
 Small arms
 Nuclear weapon
 Chemical weapon
 Biological weapon

References

Other websites 
 Nuclear and Conventional Weapons 
 Small Arms: The Real Weapons of Mass Destruction | Military Update; YouTube

Weapons
Edward Gierek

Edward Gierek (; 6 January 1913 – 29 July 2001) was a Polish communist politician. 

Gierek is known for opening communist Poland to Western influence. He made economic changes. For a time these changes helped Poland's economy stabilize. He modernized industry and increased access to products. Later the 1973 oil crisis made prices increase. Poland had many foreign debts. There were several revolts because of the economy. The Polish people were unhappy with Gierek and he was removed from power.

References

1913 births
2001 deaths
Polish communist politicians
Chiang Ching-kuo

Chiang Ching-kuo (27 April 1910 – 13 January 1988) was a Taiwanese politician. He held numerous posts in the government of the Republic of China (ROC).

Chiang Ching-kuo was the son of Chiang Kai-shek. He succeeded his father to serve as Premier of the Republic of China. He was the President of the Republic of China from 1978 until his death in 1988.

References

1910 births
1988 deaths
Anti-Communists
Methodists
Prime ministers
Presidents of the Republic of China