cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Downtown no Gaki no Tsukai ya Arahende!!

Downtown no Gaki no Tsukai ya Arahende!! (English: Downtown's 'This is no task for kids!!) is an Japanese variety show show. It is shown on the Nippon Television network and features the popular Japanese owarai duo, Downtown. The show is popular for its "no laughing" batsu games where the cast has to endure many ridiculous situations for 24 hours in a place which the theme is and must not laugh or they will be hit with a weapon on the buttocks. Usually, this program is shown for about 6 hours on the New Year's Eve. This program has a long broadcast period after Shōten in Nippon Television.

Cast

Regular
Downtown's Hitoshi Matsumoto (Matsumoto Hitoshi) and Masatoshi Hamada (Hamada Masatoshi)
Hitoshi Matsumoto is taking charge of the composition of this program.He suggests many of plans.
Masatoshi Hamada does chairman advance.
Hōsei Yamasaki (Yamasaki Hōsei)
He is an indispensable character to this program. 
Cocorico Naoki Tanaka (Tanaka Naoki) and Shōzō Endō (Endō Shōzō)

Semi-regular
License Takahumi Inomoto (Inomoto Takahumi) and Kazuhiro Huziwara (Huziwara Kazuhiro)
preceding opinion or plan

Periodical Guest
Zimi-Onishi
He appears in series as a punishment or a Must not laugh  
Itsuzi Itao
He appears in series as a punishment or a Must not laugh, Itao Plan
Moriman
Yamazaki VS Moriman
Syozi Murakami
Syozi Murakami classroom

Other Cast
Itao's wife and Itao's child
Central African TV
Tonight is YAMADA
Pikaderi-Umeda

Program staff
Kenji Suga (nickname Ga-su-)
He is Nippon Television work deputy chief
Toshihide Saito (nickname Heipo-)
Comprehensive production

Project
Free talk
Matsumoto vs Hamada battle series
Must not laugh series
Yamazaki vs Moriman
Moriman has won all the games.
Hightension series
Good-bye Yamazaki Hosei series
Entertainers fishing championship
seven changes

Audience ratings
This program is always ranked in the top 10 in variety program annual audience rating from 1995 to 2001.
The number of sales of a total of eight DVDs records smash success which sells about 1700000 sheets.
The ninth DVD was also sold, it became the 1st place of a ranking first appearance, and the number of the gross sales exceeded 2 million sheets.

Other websites
Official website (Japanese)
 YOSHIMOTO R and C CO.,LTD./ Gakitsuka DVD (Japanese)

References

Japanese television series
1980s television series
1990s television series
2000s television series
2010s television series
1989 television series debuts
Grand Duchy of Baden

The Grand Duchy of Baden was a former monarchy in Europe. It is now part of modern Germany. The Grand Duchy of Baden (German: Großherzogtum Baden) was a historical state in the southwest of Germany, on the east bank of the Rhine. It existed between 1806 and 1918, the capitol was the city of Karlsruhe.

Originally the grand ducal family were entitled to the style of Highness. The heir to the throne was usually known as the Hereditary Prince with the higher style of Royal Highness. 

The state was abolished in 1918 after the German Revolution where several monarchies ended.

List of Grand Dukes 1806–1918 
Charles Frederick 1806–1811
Charles 1811–1818
Louis I 1818–1830
Leopold 1830–1852
Louis II 1852–1856
Frederick I 1856–1907
Frederick II 1907–1918

1918 disestablishments in Germany
Former monarchies of Europe
Former states in Germany
Karlsruhe
1806 establishments in Europe
1800s establishments in Germany
Bridge Street, Suffolk

Bridge Street is a hamlet in the county of Suffolk, England. It is named after a bridge over Chad Brook which is a tributary of the River Stour. Bridge Street is located on the A134 between Bury St Edmunds and Sudbury and is part of Long Melford.

References

Other websites 
 British history Edwardstone Priory
 Gengraph

Hamlets in Suffolk
Settlements in Babergh
Rafael Aburto

Rafael Aburto Renovales (November 2, 1913 – March 9, 2014) was a Spanish architect. His most famous works are Casa Sindical de Madrid and Obra Sindical del Hogar. Aburto helped organize the Council of Spanish Architectural Associations. 

Aburto was born in Neguri, Vizcaya, Spain. He studied at Madrid School of Architecture. He turned 100 in November 2013. Aburto died of natural causes in Madrid, aged 100.

References

1913 births
2014 deaths
Deaths from natural causes
Centenarians
Spanish architects
An Extremely Goofy Movie

An Extremely Goofy Movie (also known as Another Goofy Movie) is a 2000 American direct-to-video animated comedy movie. It was produced by Lynne Southerland and was directed by Ian Harrowell and Douglas McCarthy. It is a sequel to the 1995 movie A Goofy Movie. An Extremely Goofy Movie was released on February 29, 2000 in North America, the latest release was September 1, 2001 in Russia.

The movie holds a 57% rating on Rotten Tomatoes. The movie won the "Best Animated Home Video Production" category at the 28th Annie Awards in 2000. Bill Farmer was also nominated for "Best Voice Acting by a Male Performer".

It was originally set to release in fall 1999, but like it's predecessor, it was pushed back to 2000.

Cast 
 Bill Farmer as Goofy Goof. (Andrew Collins was supervising animator)
 Jason Marsden as Max Goof (Bob Baxter and Steven Trenbirth were supervising animators)
 Jeff Bennett as Bradley Uppercrust III, unemployment lady and Chuck the Sportscaster (Kevin Peaty was supervising animator for Bradley) 
 Jim Cummings as Pete and Toy Factory Boss
 Brad Garrett as Tank
 Vicki Lewis as the Beret Girl (Kevin Peaty was supervising animator)
 Bebe Neuwirth as Sylvia Marpole (Andrew Collins was supervising animator)
 Rob Paulsen as P.J.. (Bob Baxter and Steven Trenbirth were supervising animators)
 Pauly Shore as Robert "Bobby" Zimuruski

References

Other websites 
Official website

2000 movies
2000 animated movies
American animated movies
American comedy movies
Disney animated movies
English-language movies
Movies about dogs
Movies based on TV series
Atlantis: Milo's Return

Atlantis: Milo's Return is a 2003 American direct-to-video action-adventure movie. It is a sequel to the 2001 movie Atlantis: The Lost Empire. The movie was directed by Victor Cook, Toby Shelton and Tad Stones and was written by Thomas Hart and Henry Gilroy. It was released on May 20, 2003 in North America. The movie gained negative reviews from critics and hold a 23% rating on Rotten Tomatoes. It was the last movie to feature Florence Stanley, who died of complications from a stroke after the production ended.

Cast 
 James Arnold Taylor - King Milo James Thatch
 Cree Summer - Queen Kidagakash "Kida" Thatch
 John Mahoney - Whitmore
 Jacqueline Obradors - Audrey, Nurse
 Don Novello - Vinny
 Corey Burton - Mole
 Phil Morris - Dr. Sweet
 Florence Stanley - Mrs. Packard
 Frank Welker - Obby, Mantell
 Steve Barr - Cookie
 Clancy Brown - Edgar Volgud
 Jean Gilpin - Inger
 Kai Rune Larson - Seaman, Gunnar
 Bill Fagerbakke - Sven
 Thomas F. Wilson - Ashton Carnaby
 Floyd Red Crow Westerman - Chakashi
 Jeff Bennett - Sam McKeane
 W. Morgan Sheppard - Erik Hellstrom

References

Other websites 
Official website

2003 movies
2003 animated movies
American action movies
American animated movies
Disney animated movies
English-language movies
Movies set in Arizona
Ralph Miliband

Ralph Miliband (born Adolphe Miliband; 7 January 1924 – 21 May 1994) was a Polish-British Marxist sociologist. 

Miliband was born in Brussels, Belgium to working class Polish Jewish immigrants. He was a Polish citizen from 1924-1948. He was a British citizen from 1948 until his death.

Personal life
Ralph was married to Marion Kozak from September 1961 until his death. The couple's sons are David Miliband and Ed Miliband.

Miliband had heart disease. He had coronary artery bypasss surgery in 1991. He died of a heart attack in London. He is buried in Highgate Cemetery.

References

1924 births
1994 deaths
British communists
Cardiovascular disease deaths in England
Deaths from myocardial infarction
People from Brussels
British sociologists
Puteal

A puteal is an old-fashioned structure built around the hole of a well. It is made to stop people from easily falling in. Some puteals have bas relief. Some have a step that leads to the water well itself.

Puteals were decoration or part of an architectural design.

In the big places where a lot of people walked in Venice, puteals had cast-iron lids. That protected people even more and stopped the water supply from becoming dirty.

Classically, puteals were made of carved stone, or marble in Europe. They were in big private courtyards and town/city squares.

Architectural elements
Glenveagh National Park

The Glenveagh National Park is a national park in County Donegal in Ireland. There are mountains, lakes, glens and woods in the park. The size of the park is . The park is  north west of Letterkenny.

References

County Donegal
National parks in the Republic of Ireland
Connemara National Park

The Connemara National Park is a national park in County Galway in Ireland. There is scenic countryside in the park. The size of the park is . The park is near Letterfrack in the Connemara area.

References

County Galway
National parks in the Republic of Ireland
Lorenzo Semple Jr.

Lorenzo Elliott Semple III (March 27, 1923 – March 28, 2014), better known as Lorenzo Semple Jr., was an American screenwriter and playwright. He was best known for his work on the campy television series Batman. He also wrote the movies Papillon, The Parallax View (1974), Three Days of the Condor (1975), Flash Gordon (1980), and Never Say Never Again (1983). He was born in New Rochelle, New York.

Semple died from natural causes on March 28, 2014 at his home in Los Angeles, California. He died a day after his 91st birthday.

References

Other websites

 

1923 births
2014 deaths
American playwrights
American television writers
Deaths from natural causes
Screenwriters from New York
People from New Rochelle, New York
Wicklow Mountains National Park

The Wicklow Mountains National Park is a national park in County Wicklow in Ireland. There are mountains, native woodland and blanket bog in the park. The size of the park is .

References

County Wicklow
National parks in the Republic of Ireland
Burren National Park

The Burren National Park is a national park in County Clare in Ireland. The main feature of the park is its exposed limestone pavement. The size of the park is .

References

County Clare
National parks in the Republic of Ireland
Marc-Adélard Tremblay

Marc-Adélard Tremblay, OC GOQ MSRC (April 24, 1922 – March 20, 2014) was a Canadian anthropologist.

He was a Professor of Anthropology at the Université Laval and was Dean of the Graduate School from 1971 to 1979. From 1981 to 1984, he was the President of the Royal Society of Canada. He was born in Les Éboulements, Quebec. He studied at Université de Montréal, Université Laval, and Cornell University.

Tremblay died on March 20, 2014 in his hometown of Les Éboulements, Quebec. He was 91 years old.

References

Other websites
 Marc-Adélard Tremblay  at The Canadian Encyclopedia

1922 births
2014 deaths
North American anthropologists
Cornell University alumni
Disease-related deaths in Canada
People from Quebec
Ballycroy National Park

The Ballycroy National Park is a national park in County Mayo in Ireland. The main feature of the park is blanket bog and mountainous wilderness. The size of the park is .

History
This park was opened in November 1998. It is Ireland's sixth national park.

References

County Mayo
National parks in the Republic of Ireland
Jeremiah Denton

Jeremiah Andrew Denton, Jr.  (July 15, 1924 – March 28, 2014) was a United States aviator and Rear Admiral, and  also a  United States Senator. He spent almost eight years as a Prisoner of War (PoW) in North Vietnam during the Vietnam War. He later wrote a book which became a movie about those experiences. He was born in Mobile, Alabama.

Denton died from complications of a heart ailment on March 28, 2014 at a hospice in Virginia Beach, Virginia. He was 89 years old.

References

Other websites
 

1924 births
2014 deaths
Admirals
American aviators
American military personnel of the Vietnam War
American Roman Catholics
Cardiovascular disease deaths in Virginia
Deaths from heart failure
People from Mobile, Alabama
Prisoners of war
Purple Heart recipients
United States senators from Alabama
US Republican Party politicians
Paul Laxalt

Paul Dominique Laxalt (August 2, 1922 – August 6, 2018) was a conservative politician from the United States. He represented Nevada in the United States Senate. Laxalt also served as Nevada's governor. He ran for President in 1988 against George H. W. Bush for the Republican Party presidential primary. However, he did not win.

Laxalt was born in Reno, Nevada. His grandson is Adam Laxalt, who is the Republican nominee for Governor of Nevada. Laxalt died on August 6, 2018, at a health care facility in McLean, Virginia from complications of a fall, aged 96.

References

Other websites

United States senators from Nevada
US Republican Party politicians
Governors of Nevada
Writers from Nevada
People from Reno, Nevada
1988 United States presidential candidates
Accidental deaths from falls in the United States
1922 births
2018 deaths
James L. Buckley

James Lane Buckley (born March 9, 1923) is an American judge and politician. He was a judge for the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit. He was nominated by Ronald Reagan. Before, Buckley served as a United States Senator from the state of New York. His brother was journalist William F. Buckley, Jr..

Buckley was born in New York City. In December 2019, he became the oldest living former U.S. Senator following the death of Jocelyn Burdick.

References

Other websites

United States senators from New York
US Republican Party politicians
American judges
Politicians from New York City
1923 births
Living people
Robert P. Griffin

Paul Dominique Laxalt (August 2, 1923 – April 17, 2015) was a conservative politician from the United States. He represented Michigan in the United States Senate and in the House of Representatives. Griffin was a Republican.

Laxalt was born in Detroit, Michigan.

References

Other websites

1923 births
2015 deaths
American military personnel of World War II
Politicians from Detroit, Michigan
United States representatives from Michigan
United States senators from Michigan
US Republican Party politicians
20th-century American politicians
John Melcher

John Melcher (September 6, 1924 – April 12, 2018) was an American politician of the Democratic Party. He represented Montana in the United States House of Representatives, and as a United States Senator from 1977 until 1989.

Melcher was born in Sioux City, Iowa. He studied at University of Minnesota and at Iowa State University.

Melcher died on April 12, 2018 in Missoula, Montana at the age of 93.

References

Other websites

1924 births
2018 deaths
People from Sioux City, Iowa
United States representatives from Montana
United States senators from Montana
Politicians from Iowa
US Democratic Party politicians
John Philip Holland

John Philip Holland () (29 February 184012 August 1914) was an Irish-American engineer. He developed the first submarine to be formally commissioned by the U.S. Navy. He also created the first Royal Navy submarine, the Holland 1. 

He is often known as the father of the modern submarine for his designs.

Holland died on 12 August 1914 in Newark, New Jersey, aged 74.

References

Other websites

1840 births
1914 deaths
People from the Republic of Ireland
American engineers
Philip W. Anderson

Philip Warren Anderson (December 13, 1923 – March 29, 2020) was an American physicist. Anderson created and helped prove theories such as localization, antiferromagnetism, symmetry breaking, high-temperature superconductivity. He wrote many things about the emergent phenomena.

Anderson was born in Indianapolis, Indiana. He was raised in Urbana, Illinois. Anderson studied at Harvard University. 

Anderson was an atheist and was one of 22 Nobel Laureates who signed the Humanist Manifesto. 

He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1977 and the National Medal of Science in 1982.

Anderson died on March 29, 2020 in Princeton, New Jersey, aged 96.

References

Other websites

1923 births
2020 deaths
American atheists
American physicists
Scientists from New Mexico
Scientists from Illinois
Scientists from Indianapolis, Indiana
People from Urbana, Illinois
José Alencar

José Alencar Gomes da Silva (; 17 October 1931 – 29 March 2011), also known as José Alencar, the Strong, was a Brazilian businessman and politician. He served as the Vice President of Brazil from 2003 to 2010.

Alencar died from kidney, stomach, and prostate cancer in São Paulo, São Paulo, aged 79.

References

Other websites

1931 births
2011 deaths
Deaths from kidney cancer
Deaths from stomach cancer
Deaths from prostate cancer
Vice Presidents of Brazil
State funeral

A state funeral is a public funeral ceremony which is made for people who died that were very important in their country. Usually with a state funeral, there also comes a day where everyone mourns the person who died. 

Often, state funerals are given to royal or political people such as Presidents, Prime Ministers, Dictators, Governors, Mayors, Senators, or Vice Presidents. Military people and people who are famous for other reasons sometimes have a state funeral.

Related pages
 Funeral

Other websites

 The traditions of a British state funeral
 Memorializing U.S. Presidents
Sunanda Pushkar

Sunanda Pushkar (née Dass; 27 June 1962 – 17 January 2014) was an Indian and Canadian business person. She was the wife of Indian minister Shashi Tharoor. She was a sales manager in the Dubai-based TECOM Investments. She was also a co-owner of the India-based Rendezvous Sports World. Her born into a Kashmiri Pandit family.

Pushkar committed suicide by overdosing on sedatives, other strong medicines and probably alcohol on 17 January 2014 at a hotel in Chanakyapuri, New Delhi. She was 51 years old. She was outlived by her husband and children.

References

Other websites
 

1962 births
2014 deaths
Canadian businesspeople
Drug-related suicides
People from New Delhi
Dallas Buyers Club

Dallas Buyers Club is a 2013 American biographical drama movie. It was produced by Robbie Brenner and Rachel Winter. The movie was directed by Jean-Marc Vallée. Dallas Buyers Club was premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival on September 7, 2013. It was released in North America on November 1, 2013.

The movie gained positive reviews from critics and holds a 93% rating on Rotten Tomatoes.

The movie was nominated for 6 awards at the 86th Academy Awards which included Best Picture, Best Original Screenplay, Best Actor for McConaughey, Best Supporting Actor for Leto, Best Film Editing, and Best Makeup. McConaughey won the award for Best Actor and Leto won the award for Best Supporting Actor. Robin Mathews also won for the Best Makeup category even though she only had a $250 budget. McConaughey and Leto also won the Best Actor and Best Supporting Actor Screen Actors Guild Awards and the Best Actor – Motion Picture – Drama and Best Supporting Actor – Motion Picture at the 71st Golden Globe Awards.

Cast 
 Matthew McConaughey as Ron Woodroof
 Jennifer Garner as Dr. Eve Saks
 Jared Leto as Rayon
 Denis O'Hare as Dr. Sevard
 Steve Zahn as Tucker
 Michael O'Neill as Richard Barkley
 Dallas Roberts as David Wayne
 Griffin Dunne as Dr. Vass
 Kevin Rankin as T. J.
 Adam Dunn as a bartender (cameo)
 Bradford Cox as "Sunflower" (Rayon's Lover)
  John Tabler as Rick Ferris

References

Other websites

 
 
 
 
 
 
 

2013 drama movies
2010s biographical movies
2010s LGBT movies
Academy Award winning movies
American biographical movies
American drama movies
American LGBT movies
Dallas, Texas
English-language movies
HIV/AIDS in movies
LGBT drama movies
Movies featuring a Best Actor Academy Award-winning performance
Movies featuring a Best Supporting Actor Academy Award-winning performance
Movies set in Mexico
Movies set in the 1980s
Movies set in the 1990s
Movies set in Texas
Transgender in movies
Movies directed by Jean-Marc Vallée
American independent movies
Don Ward (ice hockey)

Donald Joseph "Don" Ward (October 19, 1935 – January 6, 2014) was a Canadian professional ice hockey defenceman. He played 34 games in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the Chicago Black Hawks and Boston Bruins in the late 1950s. He was born in Sarnia, Ontario.

Ward died on January 6, 2014 in Shoreline, Washington in the United States. He was 78 years old. He was outlived by his wife and son.

References

Other websites
 

1935 births
2014 deaths
Boston Bruins players
Canadian ice hockey defencemen
Chicago Blackhawks players
Disease-related deaths in the United States
Ice hockey people from Ontario
Eastern Hockey League players
Jack Stoddard

John Edward "Jack" Stoddard (September 26, 1926 – January 29, 2014) was a Canadian professional ice hockey right winger. He played 80 games in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the New York Rangers between 1946 and 1962. He was born in Stoney Creek, Ontario.

Stoddard died on January 29, 2014 in Owen Sound, Ontario. He was 87 years old. He was outlived by his wife and children.

References

Other websites
 

1926 births
2014 deaths
Canadian ice hockey right wingers
Disease-related deaths in Canada
Ice hockey people from Ontario
New York Rangers players
Eastern Hockey League players
Jerry Coleman

Gerald Francis "Jerry" Coleman (September 14, 1924 – January 5, 2014) was an American professional baseball second baseman. He played for the New York Yankees from 1949 to 1957. He managed the San Diego Padres for one year in 1980. He was born in San Jose, California.

Coleman died from a brain hemorrhage caused by complications from a fall on January 5, 2014 in San Diego, California. He was 89 years old. He was outlived by his second wife and three children.

References

Other websites

 

1924 births
2014 deaths
Accidental deaths from falls in the United States
American military people
Baseball players from California
Deaths from cerebral hemorrhage
New York Yankees players
People from San Jose, California
National Radio Hall of Fame inductees
Basin and Range

The Basin and Range Province is a vast geographic region in the west United States and northwest Mexico. Its topography has abrupt changes in height. It has narrow faulted mountain chains and flat arid valleys or basins. There are many ecoregions, but the lower part is mostly desert.

The physical geography (physiography) of the province was caused by extension and thinning of the lithosphere, which is composed of crust and upper mantle. What caused this thinning is still being investigated. The thinning began around 17 million years ago (mya) in early Miocene time.

The highest point fully within the Province is White Mountain Peak in California, while the lowest point is Badwater Basin in Death Valley. Other high points are at the boundary of the Basin and Range province.

The numerous ranges within the Province in the United States are collectively referred to as the Great Basin Ranges, although many are not actually in the Great Basin. The Basin and Range province should not be confused with the Great Basin, which is a sub-section of the greater Basin and Range region. The Great Basin is defined by its watershed (internal drainage).

Clarence Dutton compared the many narrow mountain ranges of the Basin and Range to an "army of caterpillars crawling northward", which is a helpful way to visualize the overall appearance of the region.

Volcanics 
Before the Eocene epoch (55.8 ±0.2 to 33.9 ±0.1 mya) the Farallon and North American plates were converging. During the Eocene the many volcanos in the Basin and Range Province flared up. The Farallon plate continued to be underthrust until about 19 mya. By then it was consumed and volcanic activity ceased.

References 

Landforms of North America
Equation solving

Equation solving is field of mathematics that is about finding the functions or values that will make an equation true. An equation says that two expressions are equal. These expressions contain one or more unknowns, which are usually called free variables. 

There are a number of changes (transformations) that can be done to make it easier to find the solution. There are many kinds of equation, and some have no solution in the domain (field) where they are studied. Other kinds of equation cannot be solved exactly, and approximation needs to be used. Similarly, a system of equations may have no solutions, or an infinite number of solutions.

Methods of solution 
Methods for solving equations include:
Brute force, trial and error, estimated guess: It is often possible to find a solution for equations where there are only a limited (usually small) number of possibilities. This is the case for some Diophantine equations.
Elementary algebra can be used for some simple equations
There are algorithms for solving Systems of linear equations. Very often, linear algebra can be used.
There are formulas for solving polynomial equations up to degree four. Except for special cases, polynomial equations of a degree higher than four need to be approximated, or solved numerically.
Taylor series and curve fitting can be used to approximate polynomials or other functions. 

Equations
Chuck Brown

Charles Louis Brown (aka Chuck Brown; August 22, 1936 – May 16, 2012) was an American musician and guitarist. He performed R&B and funk music. He was with the group Soul Searchers. That group had several notable songs. The song "Ashley's Roachclip" has a drum break which was sampled in the songs of others, including Milli Vanilli, PM Dawn and Duran Duran.

Brown was born in Gaston, North Carolina. He died of serious heart issues and multiple organ failure at 75.

Musicians from North Carolina
R&B musicians
1936 births
2012 deaths
Deaths from multiple organ failure
American guitarists
Aura Dione

Maria Louise Joensen (also known as Aura Dione; born January 21, 1985) is a Danish musician and recording artist. She has several hit songs, like "I will Love You Monday (365)" and "Friends".

Dione was born in Copenhagen, Denmark. She has French and Spanish ancestry. She now lives in Los Angeles.

References

Danish singers
1985 births
Living people
Drive (song)

"Drive" is a 1984 song performed by The Cars. It was from their Heartbeat City album. The song came out in March 1984. It is a sad song.

This song was the highest charting single by The Cars. It hit #3 on the Billboard Hot 100. It hit #1 on the Adult Contemporary chart. It hit #5 in the United Kingdom.

1984 songs
Pop songs
Paula Gruden

Pavla "Paula" Gruden (14 February 1921 – 26 January 2014) was a Slovenian and Australian poet, translator and editor. Her best known works were Svobodni Razgovori (1982), Snubljenje duha (1994) and Ljubezen pod džakarando (2002). Her writings were in both English and her native Slovenian. She was a member of the Slovene Writers' Association. 

Gruden was born in Ljubljana, Kingdom of Yugoslavia (now Slovenia) during World War II. She was sent to Nazi Germany for forced labour. In 1948, she immigrated to Australia.

Gruden died from natural causes on 26 January 2014 in Sydney, New South Wales. She was 92 years old. She was outlived by her son, Danny.

References

Other websites

 Paula Gruden at AustLit

1921 births
2014 deaths
Australian poets
Deaths from natural causes
People from Ljubljana
Slovenian poets
Australian translators
Writers from Sydney
Nakba

The Nakba was a mass exodus that occurred in 1948 when over 700,000 Palestinians fled from Mandatory Palestine. Nakba is an Arabic word meaning "catastrophe". The Nakba happened because of the Arab-Israeli war. Its still has effects today because the descendants of the people involved are still refugees in neighbouring countries. There are about 5 million Palestinians in countries such as Jordan, Lebanon, and Syria. The Palestinian government has been negotiating with Israel about their right to return to their former homes.

Related pages
Palestine

References

History of Palestine
Lorna Casselton

Lorna Ann Casselton  (18 July 1938 – 14 February 2014) was a British academic and biologist. She was Professor Emeritus of Fungal Genetics in the Department of Plant Science at the University of Oxford. She was also the Foreign Secretary for The Royal Society from 2006 until 2011.

Casselton was born in Rochford, Essex. She was married to Peter Casselton until their divorce. In 1981, she married William Joseph Dennis "Bill" Tollett.

Casselton died on 14 February 2014 at the age of 75.

References

Other websites
 Lorna Casselton at Debrett's

1938 births
2014 deaths
Alumni of University College London
Academics of the University of Oxford
Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
Disease-related deaths in the United Kingdom
English biologists
English geneticists
British biologists
People from Essex
Palace of Caserta

The Palace of Caserta is a palace in Italy. It is near Naples. The palace was built by King Carlo VII of Naples. It was one of the largest buildings built in Italy in the 8th century. It was mainly used as a summer home of the royal family of the Two Sicilies. In Italian, it is known as the Reggia di Caserta. The palace has about 1,200 rooms. These include two dozen state apartments and a large theatre modelled after the Teatro San Carlo of Naples. It is often compared to the Palace of Versailles and is called the "Italian Versailles".

In 1997, the palace was made a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The nomination said it was "the swan song of the spectacular art of the Baroque, from which it adopted all the features needed to create the illusions of multidirectional space". The king wanted a magnificent new royal court and administrative center for the Kingdom in a place protected from sea attack.

The palace was used during the filming of Star Wars Episode II: Attack of the Clones and Star Wars Episode I: The Phantom Menace

Notes and references

Palaces in Italy
Former royal residences
Warren Lamb

Warren Lamb (28 April 1923 – 21 January 2014) was an English management consultant, teacher and lecturer. He was a pioneer in the field of nonverbal behavior, doing significant work in Laban Movement Analysis. He also created Movement Pattern Analysis. He was born in Wallasey, Lancashire (now Metropolitan Borough of Wirral, Merseyside).

Lamb died on 21 January 2014 in Claremont, California in the United States. He was 90 years old. He was outlived by his second wife and four children.

References

Other websites
 Warren Lamb  at Center For Movement Education and Research

1923 births
2014 deaths
British teachers
Disease-related deaths in the United States
People from Merseyside
Rodeo of Chile

The Chilean Rodeo is a national sport of Chile. The objective of the sport is to show control in driving a steer to a given part of an arena.

Sport in Chile
Blazar

A blazar  is a very compact quasar (quasi-stellar radio source). They have a presumed supermassive black hole at the center of an active, giant elliptical galaxy. Blazars are among the most energetic phenomena in the universe and are an important topic in astronomy.

Blazars are one of a group of active galaxies that host active galactic nuclei (AGN). An AGN is a region at the centre of a galaxy which has a much higher than normal luminosity over some or all of the electromagnetic spectrum. 

The name "blazar" was originally coined in 1978 by astronomer Edward Spiegel. Blazars are AGN with a relativistic jet which is pointing in the general direction of the Earth. We observe "down" the jet, or nearly so. Many blazars have apparent superluminal features within the first few parsecs of their jets, probably due to relativistic shock fronts.

The blazar at the centre of galaxy M87 is fuelled by a black hole with a mass of about three billion solar masses within ten light years of the galaxy centre.

References 

Astronomical objects
Victoria Coren Mitchell

Victoria Coren Mitchell (born 18 August 1972) is a British journalist, television presenter and poker player.

She was born in Hammersmith, London and raised in Cricklewood, London. She gained a first-class degree in English from St John's College, Oxford. She is the daughter of Alan Coren and sister of Giles Coren. 

She presented Balderdash and Piffle. She presents Only Connect.

She married David Mitchell on 17 November 2012. The couple's daughter was born in May 2015.

Other websites 
PokerStars.com 

1972 births
Living people
Alumni of the University of Oxford
British columnists
English television presenters
Game show hosts
Journalists from London
People from Hammersmith
Television personalities from London
GG Allin

Kevin Michael "GG" Allin (born Jesus Christ Allin; August 29, 1956 – June 28, 1993) was an American punk rock singer. He made music with many bands. He was known for his stage antics that often featured transgressive acts. This included coprophagia, self-mutilation, and attacking audience members. He was called "the most spectacular degenerate in rock & roll history" by G4TV's That's Tough.

Early life
Allin was born at Weeks Memorial Hospital. On March 2, 1962 Allin's name was changed to Kevin Michael Allin by his mother.

Career
Allin's first solo album Always Was, Is and Always Shall Be was released in 1980.

Behavior
Allin had convictions, including assault. He was diagnosed with a mixed personality disorder with borderline, narcissistic and masochistic features.

Death
Allin died on June 28, 1993 from a heroin overdose. He was 36 years old.

Discography 
 Always Was, Is and Always Shall Be (1980)
 Eat My Fuc (1984)
 You'll Never Tame Me (1985)
 You Give Love a Bad Name (1987)
 Freaks, Faggots, Drunks and Junkies (1988)
 The Suicide Sessions (1989)
 Murder Junkies (1991)
 Brutality and Bloodshed for All (1993)
 Live at The Rat EP (2018)

References

Other websites

Official website

1956 births
1993 deaths
American country musicians
American people convicted of assault
American punk musicians
American rapists
American rock singers
American singer-songwriters
Drug-related accidental deaths in the United States
Lyricists
Singers from New Hampshire
Writers from New Hampshire
Musicians from New Hampshire
People with personality disorders
Unit vector

A unit vector is any vector that is one unit in length. Unit vectors are often notated the same way as normal vectors, but with a mark over the letter (e.g.  being the unit vector of .)

To make a vector into a unit vector, one just needs to divide it by its length: . The resulting unit vector will be in the same direction as the original vector.

In component form 
Three common unit vectors used in component form are ,  and , referring to the three-dimensional unit vectors for the x-, y- and z-axes, respectively. They are commonly just notated as i, j and k.

They can be written as follows:

For the unit vector corresponding to the -th basis vector of a vector space, the symbol  (or ) may be used.

Related pages 

 Euclidean vector

References 

Linear algebra
Vectors
BASE jumping

BASE jumping is a fringe sport in which a person jumps from a fixed place and uses a parachute to slow down before the ground is reached. "BASE" is an acronym that stands for each of the four jump location categories: from buildings, antennas, spans (bridges) and the earth. This last is similar to jumping off a cliff. BASE jumping is an extreme sport. This means it involves speed, height, danger or spectacular stunts.

History from skydiving 

The idea for BASE jumping came from skydiving. BASE jumping is much more dangerous than skydiving from aircraft. 

BASE jumps are usually made from much lower altitudes than skydives. Also, the jumper leaps closer to the platform or standing space. BASE jumpers fall through the air at slower speeds than skydivers, because they begin the jump closer to the ground. As a skydiver falls, he accelerates while falling and gains speed with each second.  So a BASE jumper does not always reach terminal velocity. Because faster speed while falling through the air gives jumpers more control of their bodies, and a quicker parachute opening, the longer the delay in the air, the safer.

Another danger is that most BASE jumpers have very small areas in which to land. A beginner skydiver, after the parachute opens, may have about three minutes or more of a parachute ride to reach the ground. A BASE jump from 500 feet will only have a parachute ride of 10 to 15 seconds.

Deaths 

BASE jumping has a death rate averaging about one fatality for every sixty jumpers. It is one of the most dangerous sporting activities in the world. It has a fatality and injury rate 43 times higher than parachuting from a plane. 

As of the end of July 2015, at least 264 people have died during a BASE jump.

Dean Potter and Graham Hunt were killed in a BASE jump attempt at Yosemite National Park in California on May 16, 2015.  Potter was a well known rock climber. They jumped at dusk from about 3000 feet up. They both quickly smashed into the rocks of the cliff on the way down. Neither jumper used a parachute that might have saved them.

American BASE jumper Ian Flanders died in Kemaliye, Turkey on July 21, 2015. His parachute got tangled in his feet after he jumped and did not open. He fell 900 feet into the Karasu river at a high speed. The jump was being shown live on a local television station.

Russian BASE jumper Valery Rozov died on November 11, 2017, while jumping from the Ama Dablam Mountain in Nepal.

After the death in Turkey, a fellow jumper said to People Magazine, "There's just this very thin margin of how things can go from 'totally fine' to 'it's over'. And it's really hard to do this sport a lot and have that margin not catch up with you."

In the news 
In September 2013, three men jumped off the incompletely built One World Trade Center in New York City. They filmed their jump using cameras on their heads and later showed the video on YouTube.  In March 2014, the three jumpers and one helper on the ground were arrested after turning themselves in.

References

Other websites 
 

Sports
John Anderson, Jr.

John Anderson Jr. (May 8, 1917 – September 15, 2014) was an American politician. He was the 36th  Governor of Kansas. He served from 1961 until 1965.

Anderson was born near Olathe, Kansas. Anderson died in Olathe, Kansas at the age of 97.

References

Other websites

1917 births
2014 deaths
Governors of Kansas
US Republican Party politicians
People from Olathe, Kansas
Edgar Whitcomb

Edgar Doud Whitcomb (November 6, 1917 – February 4, 2016) was an American politician. He was the 43rd Governor of Indiana. He served from 1969 to 1973.

Whitcomb was born in Hayden, Indiana. Whitcomb died February 4, 2016 at his home in Rome, Indiana from heart failure at the age of 98.

References

Other websites

1917 births
2016 deaths
American military personnel of World War II
Deaths from heart failure
Disease-related deaths in Indiana
Governors of Indiana
US Republican Party politicians
Patrick Lucey

Patrick Joseph Lucey (March 21, 1918 – May 10, 2014) was an American politician. He served as the 38th Governor of the US state of Wisconsin from 1971 to 1977. In 1977, he was appointed ambassador to Mexico by President Jimmy Carter. He was an independent vice-presidential candidate in 1980 with John Anderson.

Lucey was born in La Crosse, Wisconsin. He died in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, aged 96.

References

1918 births
2014 deaths
Governors of Wisconsin
Lieutenant Governors of Wisconsin
Ambassadors of the United States
US Democratic Party politicians
Marvin Mandel

Marvin Mandel (April 19, 1920 – August 30, 2015) was an American politician. He was the 56th Governor of Maryland. He was a member of the Democratic Party. He was governor from 1969 to 1979.

Mandel was born in Baltimore, Maryland.

References

Other websites

 Maryland Manual official state gubernatorial biography
 Law Firm: Mandel, Liff & Walsh, LLP 

1920 births
2015 deaths
Governors of Maryland
Jewish American politicians
Politicians from Baltimore
US Democratic Party politicians
David P. Buckson

David Penrose Buckson (July 25, 1920 – January 18, 2017) was an American lawyer and politician. He served as Governor of Delaware. He served as governor from 1960 to 1961. He was a member of the Republican Party.

Buckson was born in Townsend, Delaware. He died at a retirement home in Milford, Delaware on January 18, 2017, aged 96.

References

Other websites
Biographical Directory of the Governors of the United States 

1920 births
2017 deaths
Governors of Delaware
US Republican Party politicians
Lieutenant Governors of Delaware
John Malcolm Patterson

John Malcolm Patterson (September 27, 1921 – June 4, 2021) was an American politician. He was the 44th Governor of the U.S. state of Alabama. He served as governor from 1959 to 1963. Patterson was a member of the Democratic Party. 

Patterson ran with the support of the Ku Klux Klan when he won the Governorship of Alabama in 1958.

Patterson was born in Goldville, Alabama. He died on June 4, 2021 in Goldville, aged 99.

References

1921 births
2021 deaths
American military personnel of the Korean War
American military personnel of World War II
Governors of Alabama
Majors
US Democratic Party politicians
William Milliken

William Grawn Milliken (March 26, 1922 – October 18, 2019) was an American politician. He served as the 44th Governor of Michigan from January 22, 1969 to January 1, 1983. He was a member of the Republican Party. 

Milliken was born in Traverse City, Michigan. He died on October 18, 2019 in Traverse City at the age of 97.

References

1922 births
2019 deaths
Governors of Michigan
Lieutenant Governors of Michigan
US Republican Party politicians
People from Traverse City, Michigan
Rose Mofford

Rose Perica Mofford (June 10, 1922 – September 15, 2016) was an American civil servant and politician. Mofford was the first female Secretary of State of Arizona serving from 1977 to 1988. She then became the first female Governor of Arizona serving from 1988 to 1991. Mofford was a member of the Democratic Party.

Mofford was born in Globe, Arizona. She died on September 15, 2016, from complications from a fall while under hospice care in Phoenix, aged 94.

References

Other websites

1922 births
2016 deaths
Accidental deaths from falls in the United States
Governors of Arizona
US Democratic Party politicians
Civil servants
Sarah Marshall (actress)

Sarah Lynne Marshall (25 May 1933 – 18 January 2014) was an English actress. Her television credits include: The Twilight Zone, F Troop, Get Smart, and Star Trek and Daniel Boone. She was born in London, the daughter of actors Herbert Marshall and Edna Best.

Marshall died from cancer of unknown primary origin on 18 January 2014 in Los Angeles, California in the United States. She was 80 years old. She was outlived by her husband and son.

References

Other websites
 

2014 deaths
1933 births
Deaths from cancer of unknown primary origin
Actors from London
Cancer deaths in the United States
English movie actors
English television actors
True (song)

"True" is a 1983 pop ballad from British group Spandau Ballet. The song was released in April 1983. It was a worldwide hit. It hit #1 on some charts. It hit #4 on the Billboard Hot 100. It was #1 on the Adult Contemporary chart for one week.

There are several versions of this song. One lasts six and a half minutes.

1983 songs
Pop ballads
Yevgeny Primakov

Yevgeny Maksimovich Primakov (, tr. Yevgeniy Maksimovich Primakov; 29 October 1929 – 26 June 2015) was a Russian politician and diplomat. He was the Prime Minister of Russia from 1998 to 1999.

Primakov was born to a partly Jewish family (his mother was Jewish) in Kiev, Ukrainian SSR, Soviet Union now Ukraine.

References

Other websites

1929 births
2015 deaths
Government ministers
Jewish politicians
Politicians from Kiev
Prime Ministers of Russia
Russian diplomats
Russian Jews
Russian Orthodox Christians
Soviet Jews
Soviet politicians
Georgy Lvov

Prince Georgy Yevgenyevich Lvov () (2 November 18617 March 1925) was a Russian diplomat and politician. He was the first post-imperial Prime Minister of Russia. He served as Prime Minister from 15 March to 21 July 1917.

Lvov was born in Dresden, Kingdom of Saxony, German Confederation.

Lvov resigned in July 1917 in favor of his Minister of Justice, Alexander Kerensky. Lvov was arrested when the Bolsheviks seized power later that year. He escaped and settled in Paris, where he spent the rest of his life.

Lvov died in Paris, aged 63.

Other websites

 Lvov Days and memorials 
 Aleksin Museum of Art and Regional Studies
 Publishers of Lvov's biographies
 Biography of Prince Lvov at www.praviteli.org 

1861 births
1925 deaths
Politicians from Saxony
Prime Ministers of Russia
Russian diplomats
Viktor Chernomyrdin

Viktor Stepanovich Chernomyrdin (, 9 April 19383 November 2010) was a Russian politician. He was the first chairman of the Gazprom energy company. Chernomyrdin was the longest-serving Prime Minister of Russia serving from 1992 to 1998.

References

Other websites

1938 births
2010 deaths
Prime Ministers of Russia
Viktor Zubkov

Viktor Alekseyevich Zubkov (; born 15 September 1941) is a Russian politician and businessman. He served as the Prime Minister of Russia twice: from September 2007 to May 2008.

He was Vladimir Putin's First Deputy Prime Minister during the Presidency of Dmitri Medvedev.

Zubkov was born in Sverdlovsk Oblast.

Other websites

  Biography  by Vladimir Pribylovsky

1941 births
Living people
Prime Ministers of Russia
Yegor Gaidar

Yegor Timurovich Gaidar (; 19 March 1956 – 16 December 2009) was a Soviet and Russian economist, politician, and author. He was the Acting Prime Minister of Russia from 15 June 1992 to 14 December 1992.

References

Other websites

 Yegor Gaidar's home page 
 Gaidar, acting Russian PM under Yeltsin, dies
 Yegor Gaidar – Daily Telegraph obituary

1956 births
2009 deaths
Deaths from pulmonary edema
Prime Ministers of Russia
People from Moscow
Nikolai Bulganin

Nikolai Alexandrovich Bulganin (; 30 March 1895 – 24 February 1975) was a famous Soviet politician. He served as Minister of Defence (1953–55) and Premier of the Soviet Union (1955–58).

Other websites

1895 births
1975 deaths
Heads of government of the Soviet Union
Recipients of the Order of Lenin