cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Ghazal

The ghazal is a poetic form that has rhyming couplets and a refrain, with each line sharing the same meter. A ghazal talks about both the pain of loss and the beauty of love in spite of that pain. The form is ancient.  It started in 6th century Arabic verse. It comes from the Arabian panegyric qasida. The structure of the ghazal are similar in strictness to those of the Petrarchan sonnet. In its style and content it is a genre with a lot of variety of expression around its central themes of love and separation. It is one of the main poetic forms the Indo-Perso-Arabic civilization gave to the eastern Islamic world. 

The ghazal spread into South Asia in the 12th century.  This was because of the influence of Sufi mystics and the courts of the new Islamic Sultanate. Although the ghazal is mostly a form of Dari poetry and Urdu poetry, today it is found in the poetry of many languages of the Indian sub-continent. 

Ghazals were written by the Persian mystics and poets Rumi (13th century) and Hafiz (14th century), the Azeri poet Fuzuli (16th century), as well as Mirza Ghalib (1797–1869) and Muhammad Iqbal (1877–1938).  Through Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1749–1832), the ghazal became very popular in Germany during the 19th century.  The form was used by Friedrich Rückert (1788–1866) and August von Platen (1796–1835). The Kashmiri-American poet Agha Shahid Ali liked the form. He edited a volume of "real ghazals in English". 

It is common in ghazals for the poet's name to be in the last verse.  This is known as takhallus.

Poetry forms
Jahan Shah

Muzaffar al-Din Jahan Shah ibn Yusuf ( Azerbaijani: Cahanşah haqiqi ) (died 1467) was the leader of the Kara Koyunlu Oghuz Turkoman tribal federation in Azerbaijan.  He ruled from about 1438 to 1467. He grew the Kara Koyunlu’s land to its largest.  It included Western Anatolia, most of present day Iraq, central Iran, and even Kerman. He was one of the greatest rulers of the Kara Koyunlu. He was said to enjoy drinking and entertainment. During his rule Jahan Shah had the Gökmedrese and Muzafferiye theological schools built in his capital city Tabriz. Azerbaijani was his mother tongue and he wrote poems in this language.

References

1467 deaths
Azerbaijani people
Kings and queens
Year of birth unknown
Book of Dede Korkut

The Book of Dede Korkut, also spelled as Dada Gorgud, Dede Qorqut or Qorqit ata, is the most famous epic stories of the Oghuz Turks. The stories have values important to the social lifestyle of the nomadic Turks and their pre-Islamic beliefs. The book's mythic story is part of the culture of Turkic states.  Some of those are Turkey, Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan and to a smaller amount Kyrgyzstan.

The stories were first told orally before they were written as a book. There are many versions of the stories. Many dates have been used for the first written copies. Geoffery Lewis dates it fairly early in the 15th century. Cemal Kafadar said that it was no earlier than the 15th century.  Stanford Jay Shaw (1977) in his history of the Ottoman empire dates it in the 14th century.

References

Asian mythology
History books
Poems
Abbas II of Persia

Shah Abbas II (born 31 December 1632; died 25/26 October 1666) was Shah of Iran from 1642 to 1666. He was the seventh Shah of the Safavid Dynasty. He was the son of Shah Safi I and a Circassian, Anna Khanum. His name was Sultan Muhammed Mirza until he became Shah on 15 May 1642. Since he was less than ten years old when he became shah, the job of governing Persia was given to the grand vizier Saru Taqi.

Saru Taqi tried to end corruption. He made many enemies. On 11 October 1645 he was killed by a group of army officers. Then Khalifa Sultan became grand vizier until his death in 1653 or 1654.

Abbas' reign was mostly peaceful. It was important for not having any Ottoman attacks. In 1648 Abbas conquered Kandahar. He kept it from attacks by Mughal India. He died in Khusruabad near Damghan on the night of 25–26 October 1666.

References

 The Cambridge History of Iran Volume 6, edited by William Bayne Fisher (1968)

1632 births
1666 deaths
Shahs of Iran
2012 FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup

The 2012 FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup women's football tournament is the third such tournament.  It will be held in Azerbaijan from 22 September to 13 October, following a decision by the Executive Committee on 19 March 2010.

France won the title after defeating Korea DPR 1–1 (7–6 after pen.).

Mascot
The official mascot of this World Cup is The Top Top Girl.  This means ball in Azerbaijani.  It is a young girl with the national flag painted on her cheeks. The body is blue, red, green and white like the host's national team. Her brown hair in a ponytail is meant to look like a buta.  This is a curving decorative motif widely used in Azerbaijani art.

Qualified teams

1.Teams that made their debut.

Venues
All four venues were first to be only in Baku. 
There will also be matches in Lankaran. Tofik Bakhramov Stadium is the stadium where the final stages will be held.

Results

Group stage

Group A

Group B

Group C

Group D

Knockout stage

Awards
The following awards were given for the tournament:

References

Related pages
FIFA.com U-17 Women's World Cup 2012 website 

FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup
2012 in association football
21st century in Azerbaijan
Football in Azerbaijan
Azerbaijan national futsal team

The Azerbaijan national futsal team is the national futsal team of Azerbaijan.  It is controlled by Association of Football Federations of Azerbaijan. It represents Azerbaijan in international futsal competitions and is ranked 15 in the world.  This makes it the highest ranking team from Caucasus in the World Rankings.

Azerbaijan's first time at a big level came during UEFA European Futsal Championship 2010.

Tournament records

FIFA World Cup

UEFA European Futsal Championship

Managers
 Elman Alakbarov (2008–2009)
 Alesio (2009-present)

References

Other websites
Official website

National sports teams of Azerbaijan
Sport in Azerbaijan
Futsal
2010 UEFA Futsal Championship

The 2010 UEFA Futsal Championship was the sixth official edition of the UEFA-governed European Championship for national futsal teams. It was hosted by Hungary.  It was between January 19 and January 30, 2010.  There were two venues.  One was in Budapest (Papp László Sportaréna) and one in Debrecen (Főnix Arena). For the first time, twelve teams were in the final round.

Spain defeated Portugal in the final by 4–2.  This was the fifth title in a row for Spain.

Qualification
Thirty-eight nations took part in the qualifying round. Hungary was selected because they were the host.

Qualified teams

1 Bold indicates champion for that year

Venues

Final ranking

Awards

Other websites
 6th UEFA Futsal Championship - Hungary 2010 , Futsal Planet
 Official UEFA website

2010 in sports
Futsal
Sport in Hungary
Budapest
21st century in Hungary
2010 in Europe
DreamWorks Animation

DreamWorks Animation is a CGI studio owned by NBCUniversal.

Feature films

Released films

Direct-to-video films

Television specials

Short films

 The films that were screened as part of DreamWorks Animation Week were: Shrek, Madagascar, Kung Fu Panda, How to Train Your Dragon, The Croods, and Trolls.

Television series

Miscellaneous work
 74th Academy Awards (2002) (Did the animation for Shrek and Donkey in the audience during the award for Best Animated Feature)

Accolades
Edwin R. Leonard, CTO of DreamWorks Animation, won a special achievement award at the 2008 Annies for driving their innovative work with open-source software and Linux.

Academy Awards

Golden Globe Awards

Annie Awards

British Academy Film Awards

Critics' Choice Movie Awards

National Board of Review

Satellite Award

Saturn Award

References

1994 establishments in California
American animation studios
Companies based in San Francisco
Companies listed on NASDAQ
Companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange
Glendale, California
Universal Pictures
Bagan

Bagan (; also called Pagan) is an ancient city in the Mandalay region of Myanmar. It was the capital of the Kingdom of Pagan from the 9th to 13th centuries. During the kingdom's golden age between the 11th and 13th centuries, over 10,000 Buddhist temples, pagodas and monasteries were built in Bagan.

Now, the archaeological remains of over 2,200 of these temples and pagodas are in the surrounding plains. It is one of the biggest places for tourism in the country.

References
  ISBN 0-8248-2886-0, 978-0-8248-2886-8.

Other websites

 Myanmar (Burma) - Photo Gallery
 All about Bagan
 Images from Bagan and Burma 
 Temples of Bagan Photo Gallery Alan Ingram
 Old Bagan Photo Gallery 

Cities in Myanmar
9th-century establishments in Asia
Buddhist buildings
User guide

A user guide is a book about how to use something. It is also called an instruction manual. 

A computer usually has a user guide to tell people how to use it. A computer program also often has a user guide. 

The user guide is often written by the person who made the software. 

People who want to write a user guide must keep the words very simple so other people can understand what you are saying. It also helps to put many pictures into the user guide. 

If there are pictures, people who read or speak a different language can still understand what to do with the equipment or software.

Genres
Technology
Settlement

Settlement may refer to:
Human settlement, a place where people live
Illegal settlement, a settlement built in a violation of some law
Urban settlement, a settlement in an urban area
Rural settlement, a settlement in a rural area
Settlement (closing), as in a real estate closing with transfer of title deed to the buyer
Settlement (finance), the process of exchanging the consideration for financial instruments once a transaction has been executed
Settlement (litigation), an agreement or resolution of a dispute

Related pages 

 Settler, someone who lives in a settlement
RNA polymerase

RNA polymerase (RNAP) is the enzyme which does transcription.The 2006 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to Roger D. Kornberg for creating detailed molecular images of RNA polymerase during various stages of the transcription process.

With the help of some other molecules, it makes messenger RNA from a strand of a DNA. This is its main function, but it does various other things. Products of RNAP include:
Messenger RNA (mRNA). These are templates for the synthesis of proteins by ribosomes.
Non-coding RNA or "RNA genes". These are a broad class of genes that encode RNA which is not translated into protein. The most important RNA genes are transfer RNA (tRNA) and ribosomal RNA (rRNA), both of which are involved in the process of translation. However, since the late 1990s, many new RNA genes have been found, and thus RNA genes may play a much more significant role than previously thought.
Transfer RNA (tRNA)—transfers specific amino acids to growing polypeptide chains at the ribosomal site of protein synthesis during translation
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)—a component of ribosomes
Micro RNA—regulates gene activity
Catalytic RNA (Ribozyme)—enzymatically active RNA molecules

In eukaryotes

Eukaryotes have various RNAPs in their nuclei, each to synthesis a type of RNA.  All are similar and related to each other and to bacterial RNAP:
RNA polymerase I synthesizes a pre-rRNA which will form the major RNA sections of the ribosome.
RNA polymerase II synthesizes precursors of mRNAs and most snRNA and microRNAs. This is the most studied type. It needs a range of transcription factors to bind it to promoters.
RNA polymerase III synthesizes tRNAs, rRNA 5S and other small RNAs found in the nucleus and cytosol.
RNA polymerase IV synthesizes siRNA in plants.
RNA polymerase V synthesizes RNAs involved in siRNA-directed heterochromatin formation in plants.

Eukaryotic chloroplasts have an RNAP very similar to bacterial RNAP ("plastid-encoded polymerase"). Eukaryotic chloroplasts also have a second, unrelated, RNAP.

Eukaryotic mitochondria contain an unrelated RNAP (member of the "single-subunit RNAP" protein family).

X-ray crystallography of  DNA and RNA polymerases show that, other than having a Mg2+ ion at the catalytic site, they are virtually unrelated to each other. So the two classes of enzyme have arisen independently twice in the early evolution of cells. One line led to the modern DNA polymerases and reverse transcriptases. The other line led to all  modern cellular RNA polymerases.

References 

RNA
Enzymes
Molecular biology
Weronika Książkiewicz

Weronika Książkiewicz (born March 21, 1981) is a Polish movie and television actress.

Early life 
Weronika Książkiewicz born in 1981 in Moscow. Her mother is Polish and her father is Russian. Weronika has a son, Borys Aleksander.

Filmography 
 1999-2005: Lokatorzy as Małgorzata
 2000: Plebania as Ola
 2002-2008: Samo Życie as Ewa
 2003-2004: Glina
 2004: Talki z resztą
 2004: Stacyjka as Iga
 2004: Panienki as Ania
 2004: Clap projekt - Camerimage as dancer
 2004-2008: Kryminalni as Kinga
 2005: Wiedźmy
 2005: Karol: A Man Who Became Pope as Mrs. Waechter
 2005: Zakręcone as Anna
 2006: Oficerowie as Mrs. Wasowska
 2006: Mrok as "Pussi
 2007: Dylematu 5 as Nadia
 2007: Prawo miasta as Jaga
 2008: Little Moscow (2008 film)
 2008: 39 i pół as actress
 2008: BrzydUla as Klaudia
 2008: Londyńczycy as Agnieszka
 2008: I kto tu rządzi as Ewelina
 2008: Rozmowy nocą as Weronika
 2008: Ile waży koń trojański? as Jola
 2009: Rajskie klimaty as Marta
 2009: Złoty środek as Kasia
 2010: Na Wspólnej as Laura
 2011: Hotel 52 as Sylwia
 2011: Los numeros as Iwona
 2011: Chichot losu as Agata
 2011: Linia Życia as Patrycja
 2011: Rezydencja as Julia
 2012: Piąty stadion as Anna
 2016: L'ispettore Coliandro (ITA) - S05E01 as Natasha

Other websites

Entertainers from Moscow
Polish movie actors
Polish television actors
1981 births
Living people
Gameloft

Gameloft S. A. ("SA" means Société anonyme, a French company type) is the world's biggest developer and publisher for mobile games, for example Java-based phones, Android, and iPhone. Its headquarters are in Paris, France. It was founded in the year 1999 by Michel Guillemot, who stepped down as head of the company during mass media company Vivendi's hostile takeover of Gameloft in 2015.

History 
The company was founded in 1999, but it really started to make profits in 2003. At the end of 2007, Gameloft announced that it is now the biggest video game company for mobile devices, with a revenue of 26 million euros. At that moment, more than 4,000 employees were working for Gameloft.

In 2011, Gameloft had a revenue of US$164.4 million. This is an increase of 17% compared to 2010. Its games have been downloaded more than 125 million times.

Further information

Gameloft Live 
Gameloft released a system called "Gameloft Live", a community platform for games. It lets players share their results, create profiles, etc. A free registration is required to use it. Games that support online multiplayer use Gameloft Live as their connection platform.

References

Other websites 
 Official website

Video game companies of Europe
1999 establishments in France
Adolfo Suárez Madrid–Barajas Airport

Adolfo Suárez, Madrid-Barajas Airport is Madrid's biggest airport. It is in the district of Barajas, northeast of the centre of Madrid. On March 24, 2014, the Spanish government announced that they will rename the airport after last Prime Minister of Spain Adolfo Suarez.

History 
The airport was originally set up in 1931.  At first it was only a small building. The first terminal, now known as Terminal 2, was built in 1952. Air traffic increased. It was designed by Madrid-based architect Antonio Lamela. Because of this the airport was again expanded in 1971.  Terminal 1 was made.  It was meant for international traffic. In 1997, Terminal 3, then known as Terminal Norte opened.  It was mainly for the Air Shuttle service between Madrid and Barcelona. Terminal 4 was opened, together with its satellite terminal, in February 2006.

Terminals 
The airport has four terminal buildings and a satellite terminal: T1, T2, T3, T4 and T4S. 
The three first are connected. T4 can be reached with a free shuttle bus. The satellite terminal is reachable from the T4 by an underground automatic train.

Statistics

Public transport 
The metro de Madrid underground line 8 stops at terminal T2 and at terminal T4, and a supplement applies for both stops. Renfe commuter trains (Cercanías) on the C-1 line stop at terminal T4. The airport is also connected by bus and coach services to regional and national destinations.

Gallery

References

Other websites 

 Official website



Madrid
Airport
Adolfo Suárez
1931 establishments in Europe
1930s establishments in Spain
Jeff Bridges

Jeffrey Leon Bridges (born December 4, 1949) is an American actor. he was born in Los Angeles, California to actor Lloyd Bridges (1913-1998) and actress Dorothy Bridges (née Simpson, 1915-2009). His brother Beau Bridges (born 1941) is also an actor.

Bridges has starred in many movies, including: Starman, The Fisher King, The Vanishing, The Big Lebowski, Arlington Road, The Contender, K-PAX, Seabiscuit, The Door in the Floor, Iron Man, Crazy Heart and True Grit.

In October 2020, Bridges was diagnosed with lymphoma.

References

Other websites 

1949 births
Living people
People with cancer
Academy Award winning actors
Actors from Los Angeles
American child actors
Country musicians from California
American movie actors
American movie producers
American television actors
American voice actors
BAFTA Award winning actors
Screen Actors Guild Award winners
Golden Globe Award winning actors
Singers from Los Angeles
Don't Say a Word

Don't Say a Word is a 2001 American psychological thriller movie starring Michael Douglas, Brittany Murphy and Sean Bean. It was directed by Gary Fleder and is based on the novel Don't Say a Word by Andrew Klavan.

Douglas plays New York psychiatrist Nathan Conrad, whose daughter is kidnapped by gang leader Patrick Koster (Bean) in order to force him to get catatonic post-traumatic stress disorder psychiatric patient Elisabeth Burrows (Brittany Murphy) to tell him a number which only she knows. Kloster wants that number because it will lead him to the whereabouts of a stolen diamond.

Other websites 

2001 crime movies
2001 thriller movies
2000s crime thriller movies
2000s psychological movies
American crime thriller movies
American psychological movies
English-language movies
Kidnapping in fiction
Mental disorders in fiction
Movies based on books
Movies set in New York
Unterhaltungssoftware Selbstkontrolle

Unterhaltungssoftware Selbstkontrolle (, abbreviation USK) is the official computer games rating organization in Germany. All ratings by USK are official and fall under law, so you must appreciate them. You have to show the seller your passport if you fall under age restrictions: USK ensures that computer games are only sold to children and young people if the contents of the games have been approved as OK for them.

History 
The USK has been founded in 1994 and has it headquarters in Berlin, Germany. Around 30,000 video games have been checked for approval since the beginning; every year more than 1,000 games are submitted by publishers. USK defines itself as "the strictest age classification rules in the world". The game is not allowed to be sold in Germany if there is no USK verification.

Ratings

Rating procedure 
 Publisher submits game
 Testers play through the game completely
 Tester presents the game to the classification committee
 Game is being discussed
 Voting of the committee
 Permanent representater is making a decision
 Game is being rated and submitted to the publisher
 Publisher accepts or declines (if he declines, game is not being published in Germany)

References 
  USK official website

1994 establishments in Germany
Censorship
Video game ratings
Cultural organizations
Entertainment in Germany
Tengyō

was a  after Jōhei and before Tenryaku.  This period spanned the years from May 938 through April 947. The reigning emperors were  and .

Events of the Tengyō era
 6 April 938 (Tengyō 1, 4th day of the 3rd month):  Ten pairs of roosters were matched-up in cockfights before the emperor.
 938 (Tengyō 1, 4th month):  Many small earthquakes were felt in Heian-kyo from the 10th through the 29th days of this month.
 939 (Tengyō 1, 1st month): Fujiwara no Tadahira celebrated his 60th birthday.
 939 (Tengyō 2, 5th month): Fujiwara no Tsunesuke died.
 939 (Tengyō 2, 12th month):  Taira no Masakado led a armed revolt which is known as 
 941 (Tengyō 4, 7th month) : Fujiwara no Sumitomo died
 941 (Tengyō 4, 11th month): Tadahira was made kampaku.
 944 (Tengyō 7, 11th month):  Fujiwara no Saneyori, the eldest son of Tadahira, was named Minister of the Right (udaijin).
 945 (Tengyō 8, 11th month):  The Fujiwara no Nakahira died at age 71.  He had held the office of Minister of the Left (sadaijin).
 16 May 946 (Tengyō 9, 13th day of the 4th month):  In the 16th year of the reign of Suzaku, the emperor abdicated; and the succession (senso) was received by his younger brother, Nariakira-shinnō.
 31 May 946 (Tengyō 9, 28th day of the 4th month): Emperor Murakami's role as monarch was confirmed by ceremonies (the sokui).

Related pages
 Heian period

References

Other websites
 National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection

Japanese eras
938 establishments
10th-century establishments in Japan
947 disestablishments
10th-century disestablishments in Japan
Not Going Out

Not Going Out is a British television sitcom set in London Docklands. It began on 6 October 2006 and is shown on BBC One. It stars Lee Mack as Lee, who is from Chorley, Lancashire. Megan Dodds plays his Californian landlady Kate in series 1. Sally Bretton plays Lucy, who is brought in at the beginning of series 2 to become Lee's new landlady when Kate moves back to California. Tim Vine plays Timothy - who is Lee's best friend, Kate's ex-boyfriend and Lucy's brother. Tim is written out when he moves to Germany. Lee marries Lucy, they have three children and move to the suburbs.

Other websites 

2006 British television series debuts
2000s British sitcoms
2000s romance television series
2010s British sitcoms
2010s romance television series
2020s sitcoms

BBC television sitcoms
English-language television programs
Romantic comedy television series
Television series about dysfunctional families
Television series about friendship
Television series about marriage
Television series about siblings
Television series about suburbia
Television series set in London
Jeremy Irons

Jeremy John Irons (born 19 September 1948) is an English actor and activist. The movies in which he has starred include The Lion King (1994), Die Hard with a Vengeance (1995), Lolita (1997), and Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice (2016).

Irons trained as an actor at the Bristol Old Vic Theatre School.  He played John the Baptist and Judas in Godspell for a total of 1,128 performances. In 2005, Irons won both an Emmy award and a Golden Globe award for his supporting role in the television mini-series, Elizabeth I.

Filmography

References

Other websites

1948 births
Living people
Annie Award winners
Best Actor Academy Award winners
Emmy Award winning actors
English movie actors
English stage actors
English television actors
English voice actors
Golden Globe Award winning actors
People from the Isle of Wight 
Screen Actors Guild Award winners
Tony Award winning actors
Ashik

An Ashik is a traveling bard, in Turkey, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Armenia,  and Iran.  They sing and play the saz, a form of lute. The songs are made up on the spot around common ideas.

The Ashik tradition started with the Shamanistic beliefs of ancient Turkic peoples.  The ancient ashiks were called by many names.  Some names were bakhshi (Baxşı), dede (dədə), and uzan or ozan. They helped keep oral tradition, helped make a shared value system and kept the culture of their people. 

In September 2009, Azerbaijan’s ashik art was added to the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists.

The word Ashik comes from the Arabic word Asheq.  It means the "one who is in love".

References

Musical groups
Folk music
Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity
Akinchi

Akinchi, also written as Ekinchi ( / اکينچي) was an Azerbaijan newspaper.  It was made in Baku It was the first newspaper fully printed in the Azerbaijani language. It was also the first newspaper in Russia printed in a Turkic language.  The name means "The Ploughman".

History
Hasan bey Zardabi started the newspaper.  He was a journalist, teacher and scientist. Akinchi was thought to be almost revolutionary because of the language it was made in and that so many people could read it. Zardabi used a simpler form of the Azeri language so more people could read the paper.

The Russian governor of the Caucasus Dmitry Staroselsky liked Zardabi's plans. Staroselsky supported him in starting Akinchi. He was also the one to name the newspaper.  He thought the name would make the authorities think that Akinchi was non-political and about agriculture. In addition to agriculture articles Zardabi wrote about medicine and biology.  There were also stories about the social and cultural state of Muslims in the Caucasus. The first issue of Akinchi was printed on 22 July 1875.

Partly because Staroselsky left, the paper ended on 29 September 1877. There was also little money and few readers. There were only 300 constant readers. The paper helped there be more journalism in Azerbaijan.

References

Other websites
 Several articles from Akinchi  

Newspapers published in Azerbaijan
Azerbaijani-language newspapers
1875 establishments
1877 disestablishments
Raion

A raion (or rayon) is the name of a way several former Soviet republics are divided. The word is from French rayon which means 'honeycomb, department'. It describes both a type of a subnational entity and a division of a city. It is commonly written in English as "district". Raion also can be used simply as a second division without anything to do with ethnicity or nationality. A raion is usually two steps below the national level.  In smaller countries it could be the first level.

References

Political subdivisions
Autonomous republic

An autonomous republic is a type of administrative division similar to a province. Many autonomous republics are in countries that used to be part of the Soviet Union.  The most are in Russia.  

Political subdivisions
Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic

The Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic (, ) is a landlocked exclave of the Republic of Azerbaijan. The region covers  with a population of 459,600 bordering Armenia (border ) to the east and north, Iran (border ) to the south and west, and Turkey (border ) to the northwest.

Districts

Nakhchivan has eight administrative divisions. Seven of these are districts, while the capital city is separate.

Famous people from Nakhchivan

Political leaders
 Heydar Aliyev, former President of Azerbaijan (1993–2003) and father of the current President of Azerbaijan, Ilham Aliyev (2003–present).
 Abulfaz Elchibey, former President of Azerbaijan (1992–1993)
 Rasul Guliyev, former speaker of the National Assembly of Azerbaijan (1993–1996) and opposition leader
 Christapor Mikaelian, founding member of the Armenian Revolutionary Federation
 Stepan Sapah-Gulian, leader of the Armenian Social Democrat Hunchakian Party (19th-20th century)
 Jafar Kuli Khan Nakhchivanski, the founder of the short-lived Republic of Aras
 Ibrahim Abilov, first and only ambassador of Azerbaijan SSR to Turkey
 Garegin Nzhdeh, famous Armenian revolutionary, military leader and political thinker

Religious leaders
 Alexander Jughaetsi (Alexander I of Jugha), Catholicos of All Armenians (1706–1714)
 Hakob Jughaetsi (Jacob IV of Jugha), Armenian Catholicos (1655–1680)
 Azaria I Jughaetsi, Armenian Catholicos of the Holy See of Cilicia (1584–1601)

Military leaders
 Abdurahman Fatalibeyli, Soviet army major who defected to the German forces during World War II
 Ehsan Khan Nakhchivanski, Russian military general
 Huseyn Khan Nakhchivanski, Russian cavalry general and the only Muslim to serve as General-Adjutant of the Russian Tsar
 Ismail Khan Nakhchivanski, Russian military general
 Kelbali Khan Nakhchivanski, Russian military general
 Jamshid Khan Nakhchivanski, Soviet and Azerbaijani military general

Writers and poets
 M.S. Gulubekov, writer
 Huseyn Javid, poet
 Jalil Mammadguluzadeh, writer and satirist
 Ekmouladdin Nakhchivani, medieval literary figure
 Hindushah Nakhchivani, medieval literary figure
 Abdurrakhman en-Neshevi, medieval literary figure
 Mammed Said Ordubadi, writer
 Heyran Khanum, late medieval poet
 Elşen Hudiyev, contemporary poet and writer
 Mammad Araz, poet

Others
 Vladimir Makogonov, chess International Master and Grandmaster
 Ajami Nakhchivani, architect and founder of the Nakhchivan school of architecture
 Gaik Ovakimian, Soviet Armenian spy
 Ibrahim Safi, Turkish artist
 Rza Tahmasib, Azerbaijani film director

Related pages
Administrative divisions of Azerbaijan
Economic regions of Azerbaijan

References

Caucasus
Autonomous areas
Economic regions of Azerbaijan
Khachmaz (city)

Khachmaz is a city in the Khachmaz Rayon of Azerbaijan.

The name comes from khachmataki which is a tribe of Huns.  The economy of Khachmaz is partly agricultural, partly tourist based, and some industries.  The main tourist place is the Nabran district.

References

Cities in Azerbaijan
Spitting spider

A spitting spider is a spider in the family Scytodidae. There are more than 150 species of spitting spider in the world. Spitting spiders are related to the recluse spiders in the Sicariidae family.

The name spitting spider comes from the way these spiders hunt. The spider spits a sticky and poisonous liquid at its prey. The liquid congeals (becomes solid) around the target. When the prey is trapped, the spider bites it to kill it with venom. It then wraps the prey in spider silk like many other spiders do.

A spitting spider attack is very fast. It takes about 1/700th of a second. This kind of spider can spit . The spider spits in a Z pattern and criss-crosses its prey in sticky liquid.

There are five genera of spitting spiders:
 Dictis (China to Australia)
 Scyloxes (Kyrgyzstan)
 Scytodes (worldwide)
 Soeuria (Seychelles)
 Stedocys (Malaysia, Thailand)

Sources 

Spiders
Tilda Swinton

Katherine Mathilda Swinton (born 5 November 1960) is an English actress well known for both arthouse and mainstream movies, which include The Chronicles of Narnia. Swinton was born in London to John Swinton (born 1925) and Australian Judith (née Killen).

She graduated from New Hall in 1983.  While at college, she joined the Communist Party.

Swinton worked with the Traverse Theatre in Edinburgh and the Royal Shakespeare Company.  She worked with director Derek Jarman for most of her early movies.

Filmography

References

Other websites

1960 births
Living people
Academy Award winning actors
Actors from London
English movie actors
English television actors
English voice actors
Amedeo Avogadro

Amedeo Avogadro (9 August 1776, Turin, Piedmont – 9 July 1856) was an Italian scientist. He is most famous for his contributions to molecular theory. The number of elementary entities (atoms, molecules, ions or other particles) in 1 mole of a substance, , is known as the Avogadro constant.

References

Italian scientists
1776 births
1856 deaths
People from Turin
Italian physicians
Martin Chalfie

Martin Chalfie is a biochemist from the United States. In 2008, he shared the Nobel Prize in Chemistry along with Osamu Shimomura and Roger Y. Tsien "for the discovery and development of the green fluorescent protein, GFP".

References

Nobel Prize in Chemistry winners
1947 births
Living people
American biochemists
Takashi Kasahara (footballer, born 1988)

is Japanese professional athlete.  He is best known as a football player.

References

1988 births
Living people
Footballers from Saitama Prefecture
Absheron Rayon

Absheron Rayon, also spelled as Apsheron, is a raion of Azerbaijan.  There is also an Absheron Peninsula, but they are not in the same area.

Absheron was started in 1963 by the Soviet government.  There are lots of historical monuments in Absheron. For example, in the village Aşağı Güzdək there are agricultural tools from the 19th century. In Goradile village, there is Abdurrahman mosque from the 19th century. Mosques from the 18th century are in Məmmədli. Ancient wells which provided water supply to people living in this territory are still used in Aşağı Güzdək and Xirdalan. Tombs from 8th - 18th centuries are also kept: in Fatmai, Digah, Masazir, Hökməli and Saray.

The name Absheron comes from the words 'ap shuran'.  This means 'place of salty water' in an ancient Iranian Azeri language.

References

Abseron
Rayon

Rayon  is a manufactured reconstituted cellulose fiber. It is made from purified cellulose. This is mainly from wood pulp, which is chemically changed into a soluble compound.  It is then dissolved and forced through a spinneret to produce filaments. These are chemically solidified, resulting in man-made fibres of nearly pure cellulose. Because rayon is manufactured from naturally occurring polymers, it is considered a semi-synthetic fiber.

References 

Chemical compounds
Khizi Rayon

Khizi (Xızı) is a raion of Azerbaijan. Its capital is the village of Xızı. This raion has the smallest number of people in Azerbaijan.  The raion has a large variety of landscapes. On the flat Caspian coast there are irrigated cattle and chicken-breeding lowlands around Shurabad. West of Giläzi, the Xızı road goes through semi-desert landscapes known as the Candy Cane Mountains. Around 10 km west of Xızı town, the green, heavily forested hills around Alti Agach which are the Altyaghach National Park. The national park is home to the rare East Caucasian Tur, a mountain dwelling goat antelope found only in the eastern half of the Caucasus Mountains.

References

Districts of Azerbaijan
Patsy Kensit

Patricia Jude Francis Kensit (born 4 March 1968) is a British actress, model, and singer. She was born in Hounslow, London to an Irish mother and English father.

Kensit's movie roles include Absolute Beginners, Lethal Weapon 2 and Twenty-One. She acted in soap opera Emmerdale from 2004–2006 and in medical drama Holby City from 2007–2010. 

Kensit was a contestant in the 2010 series of Strictly Come Dancing. She is a housemate in the January 2015 series of Celebrity Big Brother (UK). 

Kensit is a Roman Catholic. She has been married to four musicians: Dan Donovan (1988–1991), Jim Kerr (1992–1996), Liam Gallagher (1997–2000) and Jeremy Healy (2009–2010). The first three marriages ended in divorce. She is separated from her fourth husband. She has two sons - one by Kerr and one by Gallagher.

References

Other websites 

Actors from London
British child actors
Celebrity Big Brother contestants
English movie actors
English pop singers
English Roman Catholics
English singers
English television actors
People from the London Borough of Hounslow
Singers from London
Strictly Come Dancing participants
1968 births
Living people
Lethal Weapon

Lethal Weapon is a 1987 American buddy cop action movie. It was directed by Richard Donner and produced by him and Joel Silver. It was written by Shane Black. It stars Mel Gibson and Danny Glover as LAPD sergeants. Gibson plays narcotics sergeant Martin Riggs and Glover plays homicide sergeant Roger Murtaugh. They are very different from each other. However, they have to work together to stop a gang of heroin smugglers, including characters played by Gary Busey and Mitchell Ryan.

It is the first in a series of four movies.

Cast

Mel Gibson as Martin Riggs
Danny Glover as Roger Murtaugh
Gary Busey as Jack Joshua
Mitchell Ryan as Peter McAllister
Tom Atkins as Michael Hunsaker
Darlene Love as Trish Murtaugh
Jackie Swanson as Amanda Hunsaker
 Traci Wolfe as Rianne Murtaugh
 Damon Hines as Nick Murtaugh
Ebonie Smith as Carrie Murtaugh
Steve Kahan as Captain Murphy
Mary Ellen Trainor as Dr. Stephanie Woods 
Ed O'Ross as Mendez
Lycia Naff as Dixie
Jimmie F. Skaggs as Drug Dealer #1
 Jason Ronard as Drug Dealer #2
Blackie Dammett as Drug Dealer #3
Al Leong as Endo
Jack Thibeau as McCaskey
Grand Bush as Boyette
Henry Brown as Plainclothes Cop

Other websites 

1987 action movies
1980s buddy movies
1980s crime thriller movies
American action movies
American crime thriller movies
Buddy cop movies
English-language movies
Movies about drugs
Movies about prostitution
Movies set in Los Angeles
Screenplays by Shane Black
Warner Bros. movies
Movies directed by Richard Donner
Macedonian phalanx

The Macedonian phalanx is an infantry formation developed by Philip II. It was used by his son Alexander the Great to conquer the Persian Empire. The formation was made up of spearmen carrying 18 to 20 ft (5.56 m) long spears. These were called sarissas. They were two-handed; the smaller shields were slung over the left shoulder. 

The Macedonian phalanx was impregnable from the front, but vulnerable from the sides and back, where it could be attacked by the enemy cavalry. Therefore, the system required protection, which it got from the Macedonian cavalry, which was the most flexible force.
At the start of a battle, Alexander used the phalanx to pin down the enemy. His heavy cavalry would drive the enemy horse from the field, and then charge selected opponents or exposed enemy unit flanks. Then, the phalanx would move against the centre. 

The early Greek city states often fought on narrow valley floors, where cavalry was not so important. Often, there was little or no cavalry. But in the Greco-Persian Wars, the battles were fought on more open land, where cavalry was a great force. An example of this is the Battle of Gaugamela. There, Alexander manoeuvered to the right to prevent a double envelopment from the Persian army. Darius commanded his cavalry on his left flank to check the oblique movement of the Greeks by attacking their cavalry. Alexander's Companion cavalry then charged the weakened enemy center where Darius was posted and were followed by the phalanx formation.

Military terminology
Ancient Greece
List of settlements in Florida

There are 283 cities, 108 towns and 19 villages in the state of Florida in the United States. It adds up to 410 incorporated municipalities. They are distributed across 67 counties, in addition to 66 county governments. The government of Jacksonville is the only city council in the state that is also a county government.

Incorporated cities, towns and villages

"Rank" is the place of a municipality on a list ranked from 1–410 by population.
"Year" is the first time a place name was incorporated. If a community was incorporated as a Town, then incorporated as a City, the earliest date is used.

Related pages

 Florida League of Cities
 US Geological Survey: Geographic names in Florida

References

 
Florida municipalities
Florida-related lists
List of cities in Idaho

This is a list of cities in Idaho. Population is from the 2010 Census data.

Related pages
Idaho
List of counties in Idaho

References

Idaho-related lists
Idaho
List of cities in Arkansas

This page is an alphabetical list of cities and towns in Arkansas.

A
Alma
Arkadelphia
Arkansas City
Ash Flat
Ashdown
Atkins
Augusta

B
Bald Knob
Barling
Barton
Batesville
Bauxite
Bearden
Beaver
Bee Branch
Beebe
Bella Vista
Benton
Bentonville
Berryville
Bigelow
Biggers
Bismarck
Black Oak
Black Rock
Bluff City
Blytheville
Boles
Bono
Bonnerdale
Booneville
Boxley
Bradley
Branch
Brinkley
Brookland
Bruno
Bryant
Buffalo City
Bull Shoals
Burlington

C
Cabot
Canehill
Calico Rock
Camden
Carlisle
Carolan
Cave City
Centerton
Charleston
Cherokee Village
Clarendon
Clarksville
Clinton
Conway
Compton
Corning
Cotter
Crossett
Curtis
Cotton Plant
Cushman

D
Danville
Dardanelle
De Queen
De Witt
Decatur
Delaplaine
Dermott
Des Arc
Diamond City
Diaz
Doddridge
Donaldson
Dover
Dumas

E
Egypt
Elaine
El Dorado
Emmet
Enola
Eudora
Eureka Springs
Evening Shade 
England

F
Fayetteville
Fairfield Bay
Faircloth
Farmington
Fifty-Six
Fisher
Flippin
Floral
Fordyce
Forrest City
Fort Smith
Fountain Lake
Fouke
Friendship

G
Gassville
Gentry
Gosnell
Gravette
Greenbrier
Greenwood
Guion
Gurdon
Guy
Genoa

H
Hamburg
Hampton
Hardy
Harrison
Heber Springs
Highland
Holly Mountain
Hope
Hot Springs
Horatio
Hoxie
Harrisburg

J

Jacksonville
Jersey
Jonesboro

K

Keo
Kibler

L
Lake Village
Lake City
Lakeview
Lavaca
Leachville
Lead Hill
Leola
Leslie
Lincoln
Little Rock
Lockesburg
London
Lonoke
Lonsdale
Lowell

M
Madison
Magazine
Magnolia
Malvern
Mammoth Spring
Mansfield
Marianna
Marion
Marked Tree
Marmaduke
Marshall
Marvell
Mayflower
Maumelle
McGehee
Melbourne
Mena
Monticello
Morning Star
Morrilton
Mount George
Mount Holly
Mount Ida
Mount Vernon
Mountain Home
Mountain View
Mountainburg
Mountain Pine

N
Nashville
Natural Steps
Newport
Norfork
North Little Rock

O
Ola
Omaha
Osceola
Ozark

P
Palestine
Paragould
Paris
Pea Ridge
Peach Orchard
Perryville
Pfeiffer
Piggott
Pine Bluff
Pindall
Pocahontas
Poyen
Pottsville
Prairie Grove
Prescott
Pyatt

Q
Quitman

R
Ravenden
Rector
Reed
Reno
Rocky
Rogers
Romance
Russellville

S
Salem in Fulton County
Salem in Saline County
Scranton
Searcy
Sedgwick
Sheridan
Sherwood
Shirley
Sidney
Siloam Springs
Smackover
Springdale
St. Joe
Stamps
Star City
Stuttgart
Subiaco
Sulphur Springs

T
Texarkana
Trumann
Tuckerman

V
Van Buren
Vilonia
Viola

W
Waldenburg
Waldron
Walker Creek
Walnut Ridge
Warren
Weiner
West Fork
West Helena
West Memphis
White Hall
Wilton
Winslow
Wright
Wynne

Y
Yellville

Related pages
 List of counties in Arkansas

Arkansas-related lists
Arkansas
Confectionery

Confectionery or sweets is a type of food that has a lot of sugar in it and is very sweet. It often includes things that are rich in artificial sweeteners, flavours and colourings. The words candy (North America), sweets (UK and Ireland) and lollies (Australia and New Zealand) are also used for the many kinds of confections. Confections are usually low in nutrients but rich in calories. Sweets can come from anywhere.

Other websites

Desserts
Sustainable seafood

For thousands of years, people have caught and eaten fish and seafood. Today this has become a problem: The population has increased, and more fish and seafood need to be caught to feed all the people. This means that the populations of fish have less time to regenerate, and they get depleted, which is known as overfishing. Sustainable seafood is the idea of catching the fish, without putting the ecosystem they come from in danger. Sustainable seafood is either caught wild, or it is farmed, but without endangering the ecosystem, and giving the stocks a chance to grow. There are different non-profit organizations that watch over these rules. Special labels have been created so the consumer can see that the fish or seafood was bred or caught in accordance with these rules.

Fishing
Sustainable development
Pacifica, California

Pacifica is a city in San Mateo County, California.  It is on the coast of the Pacific Ocean between San Francisco and Half Moon Bay.

Economy

Top employers
According to the City's 2009 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, the top employers in the city are:

Education

Primary and secondary schools 
The public elementary and middle school district, known as Pacifica School District, (formerly the Laguna Salada School District), consists of Vallemar, Cabrillo, Ingrid B. Lacy, Sunset Ridge, Ortega, Linda Mar and Ocean Shore schools. Pacifica has one private high school and two public high schools which are part of the Jefferson Union High School District.

Public libraries
Peninsula Library System operates the Pacifica-Sanchez Library and the Pacifica-Sharp Park Library.

References

Cities in California
Cities in the San Francisco Bay Area
Settlements in San Mateo County, California
Howlin' Wolf

Chester Arthur Burnett (10 June 1910 – 10 January 1976), known as Howlin' Wolf, was an American blues singer. He was born on a plantation near Ruleville, Mississippi. Burnett tried to emulate the singing style of Jimmie Rodgers, a white, country yodeler.  Although he never mastered the yodeling technique, his distinctive style earned him the nickname of "The Wolf".

Burnett traveled around the Mississippi delta for nearly twenty years singing with famous blues artists, including Robert Johnson and Sonny Boy Williamson.  In 1949, the Wolf moved to Chicago and spent time with Muddy Waters.  They recorded for Chess Records.  While Waters toured the country performing, Burnett began to play at several of the Chicago clubs frequented by Waters. After Burnett was embraced by the Chicago R&B scene, a rivalry developed between him and Waters.

The Wolf had a series of hits in the 1950s, including "Moanin' at Midnight", "Killing Floo", "How Many More Years", "I Ain't Smart", and "Smokestack Lightin'".

References

1910 births
American blues singers
Singers from Mississippi
1976 deaths
Hercule Poirot

Hercule Poirot is a fictional detective. He was created by Agatha Christie. He was in 33 novels and 51 short stories. The stories were published between 1920 and 1975.

Poirot has been portrayed on radio, on screen, for films and television. Some of the actors who played him are John Moffatt, Albert Finney, Sir Peter Ustinov, Sir Ian Holm, Tony Randall, Alfred Molina and David Suchet.

References

Related pages
 Miss Marple

Other websites
Hercule Poirot at the official Agatha Christie website

Characters in written fiction
Television characters
Movie characters
Crime fiction
Oligochaete

Oligochaetes are a subclass of worms in the phylum Annelida.

With around 10,000 species the Oligochaetes make up about a half of the phylum Annelida. These worms usually have few chaetae or "bristles" on the outer body surface, unlike polychaetes. The best known is the garden earthworm.

Oligochaetes are segmented worms and most have a spacious body cavity (coelom) which is used as a hydroskeleton. They range in length from less than 0.5 millimetres (0.020 in) up to 2 to 3 metres (6.6 to 9.8 ft) in the 'giant' species such as the Giant Gippsland Earthworm and the Mekong Worm Amynthas mekongianus.

Annelids
Worm

A worm is a type of animal that usually has no arms or legs and has a cylinder-like body. All worms are invertebrates, meaning that they do not have a backbone. Worms can come in many different sizes. Many worm species are so small that they can't be seen with the human eye, while the bootlace worm has been known to grow up to nearly 60 meters (almost 200 feet). One of the most well-known types of worms are earthworms.

There are several subcategories of worms, many of which are very different than others. Annelids, nematodes, platyhelminthes, ribbon worms, arrow worms, priapulid worms, and some insect larvae are all of animals that are often called worms.

References 

Invertebrates
Bush Doctor

Bush Doctor is the fourth studio album from Peter Tosh. It was released in 1978. One of the songs on it is a duet with Mick Jagger on "Don't Look Back".

1978 albums
Reggae albums
MMO

MMO may refer to:

Organizations
Marine Management Organisation, a non-departmental public body of the UK Government
Music Minus One, a music industry company

Science, technology, and biology
Marine Mammal Observer, a professional in environmental consulting
Methane monooxygenase, an enzyme
Mixed metal oxide, a type of electrode
Matyas-Meyer-Oseas (cryptography), a construction to build a hash function from a block cipher
Mach Maximum Operating (MMO), a speed limit shown on a machmeter
Mercury Magnetospheric Orbiter, a key component of the ESA-led Mercury mapper BepiColombo
Mini-Mag Orion, a proposed type of spacecraft propulsion

Other uses
Massively multiplayer online game, a multiplayer video game which is capable of supporting hundreds or thousands of players simultaneously
Means, motive, and opportunity, three aspects of a crime (U.S.)
Melton Mowbray railway station, National Rail station code MMO (England)
Minimum Municipal Obligation, minimum contribution to a pension plan