cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Émile Allegret

Émile Allegret (24 April 1907, Dijon – 22 November 1990, Vaux-sur-Mer) was a French soldier and member of the French Resistance during World War II. He graduated from the École nationale de l'aviation civile (French civil aviation university). After the war, he worked as an air navigation engineer.

Émile Allegret was a Commandeur of the Légion d'honneur.

References

Further reading 
 Académie nationale de l'air et de l'espace and Lucien Robineau, Les français du ciel, dictionnaire historique, Le Cherche midi, June 2005, , p. 29, ALLÉGRET, Émile
  Biography on the Ordre de la Libération website 

1907 births
1990 deaths
Alumni of the École nationale de l'aviation civile
French aviators
French military people
French people of World War II
People from Dijon
Naoki Yamada

is a Japanese football player. He played for the Japan national team.

Biography
Yamada was born in Saitama on July 4, 1990. He joined J1 League club Urawa Reds from their youth team in 2008. Although he played many matches until 2011, he could hardly play in the match from 2012. In 2015, he moved to Shonan Bellmare on loan. He played many matches for Shonan. However Shonan was relegated to J2 League end of the 2016 season. In 2017, Shonan won the champions and was returned to J1 from 2018 in a year. In 2018, he returned to Urawa Reds. However there were few opportunities to play and he moved to Shonan Bellmare again in July 2019.

In August 2007, Yamada was selected Japan U-17 national team for 2007 U-17 World Cup. He wore the "number 10" shirt for Japan and played full time in all 3 matches. On May 27, 2009, he debuted for the Japan national team against Chile. He played 2 games for Japan until 2010.

Statistics

|-
|2008||rowspan="7"|Urawa Reds||rowspan="7"|J1 League||1||0||0||0||1||0||2||0
|-
|2009||20||1||1||0||5||2||26||3
|-
|2010||3||0||0||0||1||0||4||0
|-
|2011||18||1||4||0||6||0||28||1
|-
|2012||2||0||0||0||1||0||3||0
|-
|2013||4||0||1||0||0||0||5||0
|-
|2014||2||0||1||0||2||0||5||0
|-
|2015||rowspan="3"|Shonan Bellmare||rowspan="2"|J1 League||17||1||2||1||4||1||23||3
|-
|2016||11||2||3||2||2||0||16||4
|-
|2017||J2 League||39||5||1||0||colspan="2"|-||40||5
|-
|2018||rowspan="2"|Urawa Reds||rowspan="2"|J1 League||3||0||1||1||4||0||8||1
|-
|2019||1||0||1||0||0||0||2||0
|-
|2019||rowspan="3"|Shonan Bellmare||rowspan="3"|J1 League||9||1||0||0||0||0||9||1
|-
|2020||16||1||colspan="2"|-||2||1||18||2
|-
|2021||||||||||||||||
146||12||15||4||28||4||189||20
146||12||15||4||28||4||189||20
|}

|-
|2009||1||0
|-
|2010||1||0
|-
!Total||2||0
|}

References

Other websites

1990 births
Living people
Footballers from Saitama Prefecture
Japan international footballers
J1 League players
J2 League players
Urawa Red Diamonds players
Shonan Bellmare players
Kosuke Ota

is a Japanese football player. He played for the Japan national team.

Biography
Ota was born in Machida on July 23, 1987. After graduating from Azabu University Fuchinobe High School, he joined J2 League club Yokohama FC in 2006. The club won the champions in 2006 and was promoted to J1 League. Although he played many matches from 2007, the club was relegated to J2 in a year. In 2009, he moved to J1 club Shimizu S-Pulse. The club won the 2nd place in the 2010 Emperor's Cup. In 2012, he moved to FC Tokyo. He was selected Best Elven in the 2014 and 2015 season. In January 2016, he moved to Dutch Eredivisie club Vitesse. In January 2017, he returned to FC Tokyo. In 2019, his opportunity to play decreased and moved to Nagoya Grampus in July. In 2021, he moved to Australian A-League club Perth Glory.

In July 2007, Ota was selected the Japan U-20 national team for 2007 U-20 World Cup. At this tournament, he played 1 match as left side back against Nigeria. In January 2010, he was selected the Japan national team for 2011 Asian Cup qualification. At this qualification, he debuted against Yemen on January 6. He played 7 games for Japan until 2015.

Statistics

|-
|2006||rowspan="3"|Yokohama FC||J2 League||1||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||2||0
|-
|2007||J1 League||17||0||0||0||3||0||colspan="2"|-||20||0
|-
|2008||J2 League||31||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||32||0
|-
|2009||rowspan="3"|Shimizu S-Pulse||rowspan="3"|J1 League||23||0||5||0||4||0||colspan="2"|-||32||0
|-
|2010||28||1||5||0||9||0||colspan="2"|-||42||1
|-
|2011||34||1||3||0||3||0||colspan="2"|-||40||1
|-
|2012||rowspan="4"|FC Tokyo||rowspan="4"|J1 League||14||0||0||0||0||0||4||0||18||0
|-
|2013||34||3||5||2||5||0||colspan="2"|-||44||5
|-
|2014||34||1||2||1||5||1||colspan="2"|-||41||3
|-
|2015||30||3||2||0||6||0||colspan="2"|-||38||3

|-
|2015/16||rowspan="2"|Vitesse||rowspan="2"|Eredivisie||16||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||16||0
|-
|2016/17||10||0||2||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||12||0

|-
|2017||rowspan="3"|FC Tokyo||rowspan="3"|J1 League||32||1||0||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||33||1
|-
|2018||25||1||2||0||2||0||colspan="2"|-||29||1
|-
|2019||4||0||0||0||8||1||colspan="2"|-||12||1
|-
|2019||FC Tokyo U-23||J3 League||2||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||2||0
|-
|2019||rowspan="2"|Nagoya Grampus ||rowspan="2"|J1 League||12||0||0||0||2||0||colspan="2"|-||14||0
|-
|2020||9||0||colspan="2"|-||3||0||colspan="2"|-||12||0

|-
|2020/21||Perth Glory||A-League ||||||||||||||||||||
330||11||26||4||51||2||4||0||411||17
26||0||2||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||28||0
||||||||||||||||||
356||11||28||4||51||2||4||0||439||17
|}

|-
|2010||1||0
|-
|2011||0||0
|-
|2012||0||0
|-
|2013||0||0
|-
|2014||3||0
|-
|2015||3||0
|-
!Total||7||0
|}

References

Other websites

1987 births
Living people
Footballers from Tokyo Prefecture
Japan international footballers
J1 League players
J2 League players
J3 League players
Yokohama FC players
Shimizu S-Pulse players
FC Tokyo players
FC Tokyo U-23 players
Nagoya Grampus players
Kazuya Yamamura

is a Japanese football player. He played for the Japan national team.

Biography
Yamamura was born in Nagasaki on December 2, 1989. After graduating from Ryutsu Keizai University, he joined J1 League club Kashima Antlers in 2012. He played many matches as defensive midfielder and center back. Kashima won the champions in the 2012 and 2015 J.League Cup. In 2016, he moved to J2 League club Cerezo Osaka. He played as defensive midfielder and Cerezo was promoted to J1 end of the 2016 season. In 2017, he mainly played as offensive midfielder. Cerezo also won the J.League Cup and Emperor's Cup. In 2019, he moved to Kawasaki Frontale.

In January 2010, when Yamamura was a Ryutsu Keizai University student, he was selected the Japan national team for 2011 Asian Cup qualification. At this qualification, he debuted against Yemen on January 6. In 2012, he was selected the Japan U-23 national team for 2012 Summer Olympics. He played 3 matches and Japan won the 4th place.

Statistics

|-
|2012||rowspan="4"|Kashima Antlers||rowspan="4"|J1 League||18||1||0||0||5||0||colspan="2"|-||23||1
|-
|2013||24||3||3||1||3||0||colspan="2"|-||30||4
|-
|2014||8||0||0||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||9||0
|-
|2015||13||0||2||0||5||1||0||0||20||1
|-
|2016||rowspan="3"|Cerezo Osaka||J2 League||34||6||3||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||37||3
|-
|2017||rowspan="2"|J1 League||27||8||5||1||3||0||colspan="2"|-||35||9
|-
|2018||24||2||2||0||2||0||6||0||34||2
|-
|2019||rowspan="3"|Kawasaki Frontale||rowspan="3"|J1 League||18||2||3||0||5||0||2||0||28||2
|-
|2020||13||1||0||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||13||1
|-
|2021||||||||||||||||||||
179||23||18||2||25||1||8||0||330||26
179||23||18||2||25||1||8||0||330||26
|}

|-
|2010||1||0
|-
!Total||1||0
|}

References

Other websites

1989 births
Living people
Footballers from Nagasaki Prefecture
Japan international footballers
J1 League players
J2 League players
Kashima Antlers players
Cerezo Osaka players
Kawasaki Frontale players
Footballers at the 2012 Summer Olympics
Takuji Yonemoto

is a Japanese football player. He played for the Japan national team.

Biography
Yonemoto was born in Itami on December 3, 1990. After graduating from Itami High School, he joined J1 League club FC Tokyo in 2009. He played many matches as defensive midfielder from first season. Tokyo won the champions in the 2009 J.League Cup. However he could not play many matches for injury in 2010 and 2011 season. Tokyo was relegated to J2 League end of the 2010 season. In 2011, Tokyo won the champions and returned to J1 in a year. He played many matches again from the 2012 season. He played 215 matches for the club in 10 seasons. In 2019, he moved to Nagoya Grampus.

In 2007, Yonemoto was selected the Japan U-17 national team for 2007 U-17 World Cup. At this tournament, he played 2 matches. In January 2010, he was selected the Japan national team for 2011 Asian Cup qualification. At this qualification, he debuted against Yemen on January 6.

Statistics

|-
|2009||rowspan="10"|FC Tokyo||rowspan="2"|J1 League||28||1||3||0||8||3||colspan="2"|-||39||4
|-
|2010||7||0||2||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||9||0
|-
|2011||J2 League||1||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||1||0
|-
|2012||rowspan="7"|J1 League||27||0||1||0||4||0||5||0||37||0
|-
|2013||33||1||5||0||4||0||colspan="2"|-||42||1
|-
|2014||33||2||3||0||6||0||colspan="2"|-||42||2
|-
|2015||31||1||2||0||5||0||colspan="2"|-||38||1
|-
|2016||21||0||0||0||0||0||7||0||28||0
|-
|2017||11||0||1||0||7||0||colspan="2"|-||19||0
|-
|2018||23||0||2||0||3||0||colspan="2"|-||28||0
|-
|2017||rowspan="2"|FC Tokyo U-23||rowspan="2"|J3 League||10||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||10||0
|-
|2018||3||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||3||0
|-
|2019||rowspan="3"|Nagoya Grampus||rowspan="3"|J1 League||28||0||0||0||2||0||colspan="2"|-||30||0
|-
|2020||27||1||colspan="2"|-||2||0||colspan="2"|-||29||1
|-
|2021||||||||||||||||||||
283||6||19||0||41||3||12||0||355||9
283||6||19||0||41||3||12||0||355||9
|}

|-
|2010||1||0
|-
!Total||1||0
|}

References

Other websites

1990 births
Living people
Footballers from Hyōgo Prefecture
Japan international footballers
J1 League players
J2 League players
J3 League players
FC Tokyo players
FC Tokyo U-23 players
Nagoya Grampus players
Kensuke Nagai

is a Japanese football player. He played for the Japan national team.

Biography
Nagai was born in Fukuyama on March 5, 1989. When he played for Fukuoka University, he also played for Avispa Fukuoka (2009) and Vissel Kobe (2010). After graduating from the university, he joined J1 League club Nagoya Grampus in 2011. He played many matches from first season and Nagoya won the 2nd place in the 2011 J1 League. In January 2013, he moved to Belgian Pro League club Standard Liège. However there were few opportunities to play. In August 2013, he returned to Nagoya. Nagoya was relegated to J2 League end of the 2016 season. In 2017, he moved to FC Tokyo.

In January 2010, Nagai was selected the Japan national team for 2011 Asian Cup qualification. At this qualification, he debuted against Yemen on January 6. In 2012, he was also selected the Japan U-23 national team for 2012 Summer Olympics. He played all 6 matches and scored 2 goals, and Japan won the 4th place. He played 12 games and scored 3 goals for Japan until 2019.

Statistics

|-
|2009||Avispa Fukuoka||J2 League||5||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||5||0
|-
|2010||Vissel Kobe||J1 League||3||0||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||3||0
|-
|2011||rowspan="2"|Nagoya Grampus||rowspan="2"|J1 League||27||3||4||2||2||2||7||2||40||9
|-
|2012||30||10||3||2||0||0||7||1||40||13

|-
|2012/13||Standard Liège||Pro League||3||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||3||0

|-
|2013||rowspan="4"|Nagoya Grampus||rowspan="4"|J1 League||14||0||1||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||15||0
|-
|2014||28||12||4||6||6||1||colspan="2"|-||38||19
|-
|2015||31||10||0||0||4||1||colspan="2"|-||35||11
|-
|2016||31||7||0||0||3||0||colspan="2"|-||34||7
|-
|2017||rowspan="5"|FC Tokyo||rowspan="5"|J1 League||30||1||1||0||8||1||colspan="2"|-||39||2
|-
|2018||32||5||1||0||2||0||colspan="2"|-||35||5
|-
|2019||33||9||2||0||4||1||colspan="2"|-||39||10
|-
|2020||26||4||colspan="2"|-||3||0||4||1||33||5
|-
|2021||||||||||||||||||||
290||61||16||10||32||6||18||4||356||81
3||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||3||0
293||61||16||10||32||6||18||4||359||81
|}

|-
|2010||1||0
|-
|2011||0||0
|-
|2012||0||0
|-
|2013||0||0
|-
|2014||0||0
|-
|2015||5||0
|-
|2016||0||0
|-
|2017||0||0
|-
|2018||0||0
|-
|2019||6||3
|-
!Total||12||3
|}

References

Other websites

1989 births
Living people
Footballers from Hiroshima Prefecture
Japan international footballers
J1 League players
J2 League players
Avispa Fukuoka players
Vissel Kobe players
Nagoya Grampus players
FC Tokyo players
Footballers at the 2012 Summer Olympics
Nightmare disorder

Nightmare disorder, also known as "dream anxiety disorder", is a sleep disorder characterized by frequent nightmares. The nightmares, which often portray the individual in a situation that jeopardizes their life or personal safety, usually occur during the second half of the sleeping process, called the REM stage. Though such nightmares occur within many people, those with nightmare disorder experience them with a greater frequency. The disorder's DSM-IV number is 307.47.
In some cases it could be brought on by the content of home life,movies,books and music that you let yourself consume. Most people with nightmare disorder or usually pessimistic or experiencing bad thoughts throughout the day which can be collected in the dream state to create what they witness in their dreams.

Sleep disorders
Hiroshi Kiyotake

is a Japanese football player. He played for the Japan national team. His brother Koki Kiyotake in also a footballer.

Biography
Kiyotake was born in Oita on November 12, 1989. He joined J1 League club Oita Trinita from their youth team in 2008. Trinita won the champions in the 2008 J.League Cup with young players, Shusaku Nishikawa, Masato Morishige and Mu Kanazaki. However Trinita was relegated to J2 League end of 2009 season and Trinita released their main players including Kiyotake due to their financial problems. In 2010, he moved to Cerezo Osaka. He played as regular player in 3 seasons. In July 2012, he moved to German Bundesliga club Nürnberg. Although he played as regular player in 2 seasons, Nurnberg was relegated to 2. Bundesliga end of the 2013/14 season. In summer 2014, he moved to Hannover. Although he played many matches in 2 seasons, Hannover was relegated to 2. Bundesliga end of the 2015/16 season. In summer 2016, he moved to Spanish La Liga club Sevilla. However there were few opportunities to play. In February 2017, he returned to Japan and joined Cerezo Osaka. In 2017, Cerezo won the champions in the J.League Cup and Emperor's Cup.

On August 10, 2011, Kiyotake debuted for the Japan national team against South Korea. In July 2012, he was selected the Japan U-23 national team for 2012 Summer Olympics. He played all 6 matches and Japan won the 4th place. He also played for the Japan at 2013 Confederations Cup, 2014 World Cup and 2015 Asian Cup. He played 43 games and scored 5 goals for Japan until 2017.

Statistics

|-
|2008||rowspan="2"|Oita Trinita||rowspan="2"|J1 League||8||1||1||0||3||0||colspan="2"|-||12||1
|-
|2009||23||3||2||0||6||1||colspan="2"|-||31||4
|-
|2010||rowspan="3"|Cerezo Osaka||rowspan="3"|J1 League||25||4||3||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||29||4
|-
|2011||25||7||3||1||0||0||9||4||37||12
|-
|2012||16||2||3||1||0||0||colspan="2"|-||19||3

|-
|2012/13||rowspan="2"|Nürnberg||rowspan="2"|Bundesliga||31||4||1||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||32||4
|-
|2013/14||33||3||1||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||34||3
|-
|2014/15||rowspan="2"|Hannover||rowspan="2"|Bundesliga||32||5||1||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||33||5
|-
|2015/16||21||5||1||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||22||5

|-
|2016/17||Sevilla||La Liga||4||1||3||0||colspan="2"|-||2||0||9||1

|-
|2017||rowspan="5"|Cerezo Osaka||rowspan="5"|J1 League||18||6||4||0||4||0||colspan="2"|-||26||6
|-
|2018||20||4||1||1||2||0||1||0||24||5
|-
|2019||27||1||0||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||28||1
|-
|2020||33||8||colspan="2"|-||4||1||colspan="2"|-||37||9
|-
|2021||||||||||||||||||||
195||36||14||2||24||3||10||4||243||45
117||17||4||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||121||17
4||1||3||0||colspan="2"|-||2||0||9||1
316||54||21||2||24||3||12||4||373||63
|}

|-
|2011||5||0
|-
|2012||7||1
|-
|2013||11||0
|-
|2014||3||0
|-
|2015||7||0
|-
|2016||9||4
|-
|2017||1||0
|-
!Total||43||5
|}

References

Other websites

1989 births
Living people
Footballers from Oita Prefecture
Japan international footballers
J1 League players
Oita Trinita players
Cerezo Osaka players
2014 FIFA World Cup players
2013 FIFA Confederations Cup players
Footballers at the 2012 Summer Olympics
Junya Tanaka (footballer, born 1987)

is a Japanese football player. He played for the Japan national team.

Biography
Tanaka was born in Itabashi, Tokyo on July 15, 1987. When he played for Juntendo University, he joined J1 League club Kashiwa Reysol in 2009. However the club was relegated to J2 League end of the 2009 season. Kashiwa won the champions in 2010 and was returned to J1 in a year. In 2011, Kashiwa won the J1 League champions. Kashiwa also won the champions in the 2012 Emperor's Cup and 2013 J.League Cup. In June 2014, he moved to Portuguese Primeira Liga club Sporting. In February 2016, he returned to Kashiwa. In 2017, he moved to Vissel Kobe. In 2019, Kobe won the champions in the Emperor's Cup which is first major title in the club history.

On February 24, 2012, Tanaka debuted for the Japan national team against Iceland. He played 4 games for Japan until 2014.

Statistics

|-
|2009||rowspan="5"|Kashiwa Reysol||J1 League||9||0||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||9||0
|-
|2010||J2 League||24||6||3||1||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||27||7
|-
|2011||rowspan="4"|J1 League||30||13||3||2||2||0||colspan="2"|-||35||15
|-
|2012||31||5||6||2||3||0||6||4||46||11
|-
|2013||32||11||2||0||4||3||9||2||47||16
|-
|2014||12||5||0||0||6||3||colspan="2"|-||18||8

|-
|2014/15||rowspan="2"|Sporting||rowspan="2"|Primeira Liga||17||5||5||1||4||1||2||0||28||7
|-
|2015/16||3||0||0||0||2||0||1||0||6||0

|-
|2016||Kashiwa Reysol||J1 League||21||4||1||0||4||1||colspan="2"|-||26||5
|-
|2017||rowspan="5"|Vissel Kobe||rowspan="5"|J1 League||24||1||1||0||7||4||colspan="2"|-||32||5
|-
|2018||20||2||2||0||2||0||colspan="2"|-||24||2
|-
|2019||23||6||6||4||6||1||colspan="2"|-||35||11
|-
|2020||19||2||colspan="2"|-||0||0||3||0||19||2
|-
|2021||||||||||||||||||||
245||55||24||9||34||12||18||6||321||82
20||5||5||1||6||1||3||0||34||7
265||60||29||10||40||13||21||6||355||89
|}

|-
|2012||1||0
|-
|2013||0||0
|-
|2014||3||0
|-
!Total||4||0
|}

References

Other websites

1987 births
Living people
Footballers from Tokyo Prefecture
Japan international footballers
J1 League players
J2 League players
Kashiwa Reysol players
Vissel Kobe players
Franche-Comté

Franche-Comté (meaning "Free County") is a former administrative region of France. It is now part of the administrative region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté. It is in the east of the country, bordering Switzerland. Its capital was Besançon. In 2009, about 1.1 million people lived in the region.

In the local dialect, Frainc-Comtou, the name is Fraintche-Comtè. In Arpitan it is Franche-Comtât.

The departments in the region were:
Doubs
Jura
Haute-Saône
Territoire de Belfort

References

Other websites 

Former administrative regions of France
S Club 8

S Club 8 were a British pop group. They formed in 2001 in London as S Club Juniors. They released their first single and album in 2002. They were renamed in 2003 and split in 2005. 

Its members were: Jay Asforis (born 1989), Daisy Evans (born 1989), Calvin Goldspink (born 1989), Stacey McClean (born 1989), Aaron Renfree (born 1987), Hannah Richings (born 1990), Frankie Sandford (born 1989) and Rochelle Wiseman (born 1989).

Other websites 
S Club 8 World 

2001 establishments in England
2000s British music groups
2005 disestablishments in England
British pop music groups
Musical groups established in 2001
Musical groups disestablished in 2005
Musical groups from London
Ian Brennan

Ian Brennan is a television writer, actor, and producer. Brennan is known mostly for creating the FOX television series, Glee. He has written "all of the episodes" along with two other colleagues. Brennan's first written television series was Growing in 2006. He has also been in several theater performances since 1999.

He was nominated for two 2010 Writers Guild of America Awards for Glee.

References 

1978 births
Living people
Writers from Illinois
American movie actors
American musical theatre actors
American television actors
Actors from Illinois
American television writers
American television producers
David Fincher

David Andrew Leo Fincher (born August 28, 1962) is an American movie director. 

Fincher was born in Denver, Colorado. When he was two, he moved to San Anselmo, California. When he was in his teens, he moved to Ashland, Oregon.

He directed Alien 3, Seven, The Game, Fight Club, Panic Room, Zodiac, The Curious Case of Benjamin Button, The Social Network , The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo and Gone Girl. He won a Golden Globe Award and a BAFTA Award for directing The Social Network.  He also directed the first 2 episodes for the TV show "house of cards"

He has also directed music videos, including Love Is Strong by The Rolling Stones, which won a Grammy Award.

Other websites 

American movie actors
American movie directors
American movie producers
BAFTA Award winners
Golden Globe Award winning directors
Grammy Award winners
People from California
People from Denver, Colorado
People from Ashland, Oregon
1962 births
Living people
Sisyphus

Sisyphus (, Sísyphos) was a legendary person in Greek mythology. 

According to the ancient story, Sisyphus was forced to roll a big rock up a hill, but it rolled back down and the task was never finished.  He was forced to repeat this over and over again forever.The word "Sisyphean", which relates to a task which is undertaken with great effort but is ultimately pointless, is derived from the myth.

References

Other websites

 "Sisyphus," Encyclopædia Britannica, 11th ed. (1911) 

People in Greek mythology
Dangerous Minds

Dangerous Minds is a 1995 American drama movie starring Michelle Pfeiffer. It is set in California. Its subjects include gangs, teenage pregnancy, poetry and school problems.

Pfeiffer portrays LouAnne Johnson, a former U.S. Marine on whose novel this drama is based. Most of the students in this urban melodrama are African American and Hispanic adolescents.

Dangerous Minds was released August 11, 1995.  It had mixed critical reception though was a strong box office hit. In 1996 a television series of the same name premiered, though it was short lived.

The soundtrack and its lead single 'Gangsta's Paradise' enjoyed major success.  It received nominations for the Grammy Award for Record of the Year and the NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Soundtrack Album. Coolio won the Grammy Award for Best Rap Solo Performance for his vocals.

References

Other websites 

1995 movies
American teen drama movies
English-language movies
Movies set in California
Spanish-language movies
Multilingual movies
Cherokee County, Alabama

Cherokee County, Alabama is a county of the U.S. state of Alabama. It is named for the Cherokee tribe.  As of 2010 the population was 25,989.  Its county seat is Centre. It is a prohibition or dry county which means alcoholic drinks cannot be sold.

History 
Cherokee County was formed by European Americans on January 9, 1836. The county was created on territory of the Cherokee Nation.
The Cherokee were forceably removed by the US government in what was known as the Trail of Tears in 1838. Cherokee County was created by the Alabama legislature on 1836 January 9 following the Treaty of New Echota, 1835 December 29. The Cherokee people did not accept the Treaty because the people who signed were not authorized.

An F4 tornado struck here on Palm Sunday March 27, 1994. It destroyed Goshen United Methodist Church twelve minutes after the National Weather Service of Birmingham issued a tornado warning for northern Calhoun, southeastern Etowah, and southern Cherokee counties. 22 people were killed, including the groom's 4-year-old daughter.

Geography
According to the 2000 census, the county has a total area of .  (or 92.19%) is land and  (or 7.81%) is water.

Major highways
 U.S. Highway 278
 U.S. Highway 411
 State Route 9
 State Route 35
 State Route 68

Border counties
DeKalb County, Alabama - north
Chattooga County, Georgia - northeast
Floyd County, Georgia - east
Polk County, Georgia - southeast
Cleburne County, Alabama - south
Calhoun County, Alabama - south
Etowah County, Alabama - west

National protected areas
 Little River Canyon National Preserve (part)
 Talladega National Forest (part)

Cities and towns 
Cedar Bluff
Centre (County seat)
Collinsville (part - part of Collinsville is in DeKalb County)
Gaylesville
Leesburg
Piedmont (part - part of Piedmont is in Calhoun County)
Sand Rock (part - part of Sand Rock is in DeKalb County)

References

Alabama counties
1836 establishments in the United States
1830s establishments in Alabama
John Mills

Sir John Mills  (born Lewis Ernest Watts Mills; 22 February 190823 April 2005) was a British actor.

He was born in North Elmham, Norfolk. His sister was entertainer Annette Mills (1894-1955). 

He was married to actress Aileen Raymond (1910-2005) from 1927 until they divorced in 1941. He was married to actress Mary Hayley Bell (1911-2005) from 1941 until his death. The couple had two daughters, actresses Juliet Mills (born 1941) and Hayley Mills (born 1946) and a son, Jonathan Mills (born 1949).

Mills was knighted in 1976. His autobiography was published in 1980. He died in Denham, Buckinghamshire.

References

Other websites 

1908 births
2005 deaths
Academy Award winning actors
Actors from Norfolk
English autobiographers
English movie actors
English movie directors
English movie producers
English stage actors
English television actors
Seven islands of Bombay

The seven islands of Bombay are a group of islands very close to each other. Together, they make up the city of Bombay/Mumbai.

Mumbai
Ganbaru

, also romanized as gambaru,  is a widely-used Japanese cultural concept.  It roughly means to slog on or stick to it through tough times. Ganbaru implies a kind of hard work which is defined by Japanese culture.

The word Ganbaru is often translated to mean "doing one’s best".  In practice, it means doing more than one's best.  The word emphasizes working with continued effort despite difficulties, failure, or distraction.  The term means "toughing it out".

Ganbaru means to commit fully to a task and to bring that task to an end.  

Ganbaru means an active process of doing something. It contrasts with a passive process.

History
The term ganbaru developed from the related concept of gaman.  

After the 1995 Kobe earthquake, the slogan "Gambaro Kobe" was used to encourage the people of the Kobe region.  

After the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami, ganbaru was one of the most commonly heard expressions.

Related pages
 Gaman (term) 
 Shikata ga nai

References

Japanese culture
Ryan Murphy

Ryan Murphy (born November 9, 1965) is an American screenwriter, director and producer. He is the creator of the television series Nip/Tuck and Glee. Murphy also made the WB network series Popular, which aired from 1999 to 2001. As of 2011, some movies he will direct are underworks.

Murphy is a graduate of Warren Central High School in Indianapolis, Indiana. He also went to Indiana University in Bloomington, Indiana.

Personal life
Murphy is openly gay. Murphy says he sometimes goes to church in Los Angeles.

References

Other websites

 

American television writers
American television directors
American television producers
Gay men
LGBT directors
LGBT producers
LGBT people from Indiana
LGBT screenwriters
Movie directors from Indiana
Movie producers from Indiana
Writers from Indianapolis, Indiana
1965 births
Living people
Matthew Morrison

Matthew James Morrison (born: October 30, 1942 in California) is an American actor, dancer, and singer. He is best known for his role in the television series Glee in which he played the teacher Mr William “Will” Schuester. After attending theater camp during his childhood, he decided that he wanted to become an actor. He was educated at New York University (NYU) Tisch School of the Arts. Being a member of boy bands like LMNT and Fresh Step, he made his musical theater transition into similarly styled shows.

He had minor roles in Footloose as well as the revival of the Rocky Horror Show. His big break came when he landed the role of Link Larkin in the Broadway production of John Waters' Hairspray. Morrison was nominated for a Tony award for his role in The Light in the Piazza. He also won the award for Ice Skater of the year.

Morrison's debut album Matthew Morrison peaked at number 24 on the Billboard 200. It also peaked at number 61 on the Australian Albums Chart, and number 63 on the UK Albums Chart.

Awards and nominations
 Screen Actors Guild Awards Nominated - 2010 Best Performance by an Ensemble in a Television Series - Comedy or Musical (Glee)
 Primetime Emmy Awards Nomination - 2010 Outstanding Performance by a Lead Actor in a Comedy Series (Glee)
 Golden Globe Awards Nomination - 2010  Best Performance by an Actor in a Television Series - Comedy or Musical (Glee)
 Satellite Awards Nomination - 2010 Best Actor in a Series, Comedy or Musical (Glee)
 Teen Choice Awards Nomination - 2010 Choice Male Scene Stealer
 Golden Globe Awards Nomination - 2009  Best Performance by an Actor in a Television Series - Comedy or Musical (Glee)
 Satellite Awards Winner - 2009 Best Actor in a Series, Comedy or Musical (Glee)
 Screen Actors Guild Awards Winner - 2009 Best Performance by an Ensemble in a Television Series - Comedy or Musical (Glee)
 Drama Desk Awards Nomination - 2008 Outstanding Actor in a Musical (10 Million Miles)
 Tony Awards Nomination - 2005 Best Featured Actor in a Musical (The Light in the Piazza)
 Outer Critics Circle Awards Nomination - 2005 Best Featured Actor in a Musical (The Light in the Piazza)
 Drama Desk Awards Nomination - 2005 Outstanding Actor in a Musical (The Light in the Piazza)
 Outer Critics Circle Awards Nomination - 2003 Best Featured Actor in a Musical (Hairspray)
 Ice Skater of the Year Winner - 2014 Best Professional Ice Skating by an Ice Skater in an Ice Rink (Dancing on Ice)

References

Other websites 

 
 
 
 
 
 Matthew Morrison at Emmys.com

American television actors
1978 births
Living people
American movie actors
American musical theatre actors
Actors from Monterey County, California
Amber Riley

Amber Patrice Riley (born February 15, 1986) is an American actress, singer-songwriter, and philanthropist, known for her role on the series Glee as Mercedes Jones. She has also appeared as the daughter of "Dirk Black" in the American Black comedy All of Us. At the age of seventeen, Riley auditioned for American Idol but was turned down by the producers. Most of her cover versions have appeared on the Billboard Hot 100 chart.

Personal life
Riley is a Democrat and attended the 2012 Democratic National Convention. In the convention, Riley sang the national anthem, "The Star Spangled Banner".

Discography

Glee Cast discography

Glee: The Music, Volume 1 (2009)
Glee: The Music, Volume 2 (2009)
Glee: The Music, The Power of Madonna (2010)
Glee: The Music, Volume 3 Showstoppers (2010)
Glee: The Music, Journey to Regionals (2010)
Glee: The Music, The Rocky Horror Glee Show (2010)
Glee: The Music, The Christmas Album (2010)
Glee: The Music, Volume 4 (2010)
Glee: The Music, Volume 5 (2011)
Glee: The Music Presents the Warblers (2011)
Glee: The Music, Volume 6 (2011)
Glee: The 3D Concert Movie (Motion Picture Soundtrack) (2011)
Glee: The Music, The Christmas Album Volume 2 (2011)
Glee: The Music, Volume 7 (2011)
Glee: The Music, The Graduation Album (2012)
Glee: The Music Presents Glease (2012)
Glee: The Music, Season 4, Volume 1 (2012)
The Quarterback (Music From the TV Series) (2013)

Filmography

References

Other websites

1986 births
American television actors
Living people
Democrats (United States)
Actors from Los Angeles
Singers from Los Angeles
Adhesion

Adhesion is the process in which dissimilar particles stick together. In the case of similar particles, this effect is called cohesion. Adhesion results from the physical properties of the interface between two phases. The forces that result in adhesion are not fully known, there are different explanations. Five different types of adhesion have been proposed:
Mechanical adhesion: Adhesive materials fill the voids or pores, and interlock
Chemical adhesion: Where they join, two materials form a Chemical compound.
Dispersive adhesion: Two materials are held together by Van der Waals forces
Electrostatic adhesion: Two materials are held together by electrostatic charge
Diffusive adhesion: Two materials are held together with Atomic diffusion, it is derived from a sanskrit word adhere meaning to hold on

Physics
Time Inc.

Time Inc. was a subsidiary media company. It published several of the most read magazines in the United States such as People, Time, Sports Illustrated, Fortune, InStyle, Life, GOLF Magazine, Southern Living, Essence, This Old House, All You and Entertainment Weekly. It published 130 magazines and was founded on November 28, 1922 in New York City. In 1990, Time Inc. merged with Warner Communications to form Time Warner. In 2014, the company was revived. In 2018, the company dissolved again after the acquisition by Meredith Corporation.

References

Other websites 
 
 Time Inc. profile from Time Warner
 Pathfinder (Time Inc. content portal)

1922 establishments in the United States
1920s establishments in New York (state)
Companies based in New York City
Magazines published in New York City
Time Warner
List of awards and nominations received by Up

Up is a movie produced by Pixar Animation Studios and distributed by Walt Disney Pictures. The movie premiered on May 29, 2009 in North America. It became the first animated 3D film to open the Cannes Film Festival. The movie received many awards and nominations. Most of them were for the "Best Animated Picture" category and for the soundtrack of the movie. Up was nominated for five Academy Awards at the 2010 Ceremony. It won two of these awards for Best Animated Feature and for Best Original Score. It was the second fully animated film to be nominated for the Academy Award for Best Picture after the 1991 movie Beauty and the Beast. Up became the third consecutive Pixar film to win the Academy Award for Animated Feature, after Ratatouille (2007) and WALL-E (2008). The film also won the Golden Globe for Best Original Score and the Best Animated Feature Film at the 67th Golden Globe Awards. It received the Golden Tomato, from the website Rotten Tomatoes, for highest rating feature in 2009, with an approval of 98 percent from film critics, based on 259 reviews.

References

Other websites
Official Website
Awards for Up at the Internet Movie Database

Up
Centre, Alabama

Centre is a city in Cherokee County, Alabama, United States. At the 2010 census the population was 3,273. The city is the county seat of Cherokee County.  It is part of the 'Gadsden, Alabama Metropolitan Statistical Area'.

Geography
Centre is located at 34°9'33.052" North, 85°40'29.071" West (34.159181, -85.674742).

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the city has a total area of .   is land and  is water.

Education
The Cherokee County Board of Education provides public education for Centre. Schools in Centre include Cherokee County High School, Cherokee County Career and Technology Center, Centre Middle School, and Centre Elementary School.

Media

Radio Stations
WEIS 990 AM (Country)
WFXO 105.9 FM (Rock
WZTQ 1560 AM (Southern Gospel)

Newspaper
Cherokee County Herald (weekly)
The Post (weekly)

Recreation
Centre is located near Weiss Lake, a man-made reservoir and self-proclaimed "Crappie Capital of the World".

Notable residents
 John Ross, Cherokee leader
 John J. Pratt, inventor of the pterotype (1865), an early form of typewriter.

References 

Cities in Alabama
County seats in Alabama
Provinces of Ethiopia

Until 1995 Ethiopia was divided into provinces.  The provinces were divided into awrajjas or districts. In 1995 they were replaced by regions and two chartered cities. Eritrea was an Ethiopian province until 1993.

From 1942 until 1995 the provinces of Ethiopia were:

Older provinces, which are frequently used to indicate location within Ethiopia, include:

Ethiopia
Ethiopia
Provinces of Greece

The provinces of Greece were divisions of some the country's prefectures. In 1887 the provinces were endeed as administrative units.  They were still used for some state services, especially finance services and education, as well as for electoral purposes. Before the Second World War, there were 139 provinces. After the war, with the addition of the Dodecanese Islands, their number grew to 147. The largest province is Dodoni.

Subdivisions of Greece
1887 disestablishments
Prefectures of Greece

The land of Greece was divided in Prefectures from 1833 to 1836.  It was divided again from 1845 until the Kallikratis reform in 2010.  Now Greece is divided into peripheral units.
Provinces of Italy

Italy is divided into 20 Regions (Regioni in Italian) and every Region is divided into Provinces.  There are 110 provinces in Italy.  Each province is headed by a President assisted by a representative body, the Provincial Council, and an executive body, the Provincial Executive.

The three main jobs of a province are:
 Local planning and zoning
 Provision of local police and fire services.
 Transportation regulation (car registration, maintenance of local roads, etc.)

List of Italian Provinces

References

 
Italy-related lists
Eggshell

An eggshell is the outer covering of a hard-shelled egg and of some forms of eggs with soft outer coats. It is a main character of the cleidoic egg, which allows amniotes to breed on land.

Worm 
Worms eggs present a three layered structure with an External Vitellin Layer, a Chitin Layer that confers mechanical resistance and an internal Lipid-rich layer that makes the egg chamber impermeable.

Amniotes 
Amniotes developed the cleidoic egg early in the Carboniferous period, and this meant they could live and reproduce on dry land. These early land animals evolved into the reptiles, birds and mammals of today. In contrast, the amphibia are land animals who must lay their eggs in water, because the eggs are not protected by a shell. 

The structure and composition of the eggshell protects the egg against damage, microbial contamination, and desiccation (drying out). Small molecules can pass through it, so the shell allows gas exchange for the growing embryo. It also provides calcium for the embryo's skeleton.

Reptile eggs 
While many reptiles lay eggs with flexible, calcified, eggshells, there are some that lay hard eggs. Eggs laid by snakes generally have leathery shells which often adhere to one another. Depending on the species, turtles and tortoises lay hard or soft eggs. Several species lay eggs which are nearly the same as bird eggs.

Bird eggs 
The normal bird egg is a fertilized egg sitting on the yolk surface and surrounded by albumen, or egg white. The albumen in turn is surrounded by two shell membranes (inner and outer membranes) and then the eggshell. The chicken eggshell is 95-97% calcium carbonate crystals, which are held together by a protein matrix. 

While the bulk of eggshell is made of calcium carbonate, it is now thought that the protein matrix has an important role to play in eggshell strength. These proteins affect crystallization, which in turn affects the eggshell structure. 

The average laying hen, takes about 20 hours to make the shell. Pigmentation is added to the shell by papillae lining the oviduct, coloring it any of a variety of colors and patterns depending on the species.

Related pages 
Cleidoic egg
Amniote
Egg (biology)
Ovum

References 

Tetrapods
Pacheco, California

Pacheco is a census-designated place (CDP) in Contra Costa County, California, United States. At the 2010 census, 3,685 people lived there. Pacheco is  north of Walnut Creek.

According to the United States Census Bureau, Pacheco has a total area of .

History
The town was started in 1857. There was a post office there from 1859 to 1913. In 1955, postal service started again.

For a short time, Pacheco had a lot of very successful businesses. During that time, ships from the Pacific Ocean were able to get to the town by going through Pacheco Slough.  Then, during the 1860s, there were some fires, floods, and an earthquake. These destroyed the town and filled the slough with silt so that ships could not get there any more.  Many people later left Pacheco to go to the nearby town of Todos Santos, which was later renamed to Concord.

Annexation 
In January 2011, the Martinez City Council voted to take over the parts of Pacheco that are north of California State Route 4.  The government was expected to approve the takeover in the fall of 2011. In March 2012, enough people objected that an election would have to be held about the issue.

References

Census-designated places in California
1857 establishments in California
Settlements in Contra Costa County, California
June 2011 Christchurch earthquake

The June 2011 Christchurch earthquake was responsible for causing additional damage to an already earthquake-devastated region. The earthquake took place around 1420 New Zealand Standard Time and was centered next to 3.8 miles deep, six miles from Christchurch. It had been preceded by another 5.9 tremor that struck at a slightly deeper 5.5 miles. The earthquake of June 2011 cut down telephone lines and caused numerous outages which left next to 54,000 houses without power. The tremor triggered the death of an elderly man and several injuries.

References

Related pages
 2011 Christchurch earthquake (February)

2010s in New Zealand
Earthquakes in New Zealand
2011 earthquakes
June events
Bombyliidae

The Bombyliidae are a family of flies. Their common name is bee flies.

The Bombyliidae are a large family of flies. It has hundreds of genera, but the life cycles of most species are known poorly, or not at all. Some are very small (2 mm in length), but some can be very large for flies (wingspan of some 40 mm).

Adults normally feed on nectar and pollen. Those with a spectacularly long proboscis are adapted to plants (such as Lapeirousia) which have long, narrow floral tubes.

The Bombyliidae include a large number of species, but for its size this is one of the least understood families of insects. There at least 4,500 described species, and certainly thousands still to be described. The adult flies usually feed on nectar and pollen, and some are important pollinators.

Bee mimics 
Many Bombyliidae look like bees and so a common name for the family is the bee flies. The reason is probably aposematic: the adults are safer from predators because they share the warning colours of bees. The adult females usually lay eggs near the nests of possible hosts, often in the burrows of solitary bees, wasps or beetles.

Larvae 
The larval stages are predators or parasitoids of the eggs and larvae of other insects. The eggs hatch into larvae which eat the eggs and larvae of the 'host' insect. Although most bee-flies usually are fairly or highly host-specific, some species do attack a number of hosts.

References 

Flies
Gérard Feldzer

Gérard Paul Alain Feldzer, (born 10 February 1944) is a consultant and aeronautical popularizer for media, journalist at France Info since 2009. Former French airline pilot, he was President of the Aéro-Club de France between 1995 and 2005, and head of the Musée de l'Air (French Air and Space Museum) between 2005 and August 2010.

The 1st of January 2012, he becomes Officiers of the Légion d'honneur.

References

Further reading 
 Demain je serai pilote, Gallimard, 1999 ()
 Académie nationale de l'air et de l'espace and Lucien Robineau, Les français du ciel, dictionnaire historique, Le Cherche midi, June 2005, 782 p. (), p. 212, FELDZER, Gérard

1944 births
Living people
Alumni of the École nationale de l'aviation civile
French engineers
French aviators
Phototropism

Phototropism is growth in the direction of light. Phototropism is common in plants, but can also occur in other organisms such as fungi. The cells on the plant that are farthest from the light have a plant growth hormone called auxin, which causes phototropism to occur. It causes the plant to have elongated cells on the farthest side from the light.

Phototropism is one of the many plant tropisms or movements which respond to external stimuli.  Growth towards a light source is a positive phototropism, while growth away from light is called negative phototropism. Most plant shoots have positive phototropism. Roots usually have negative phototropism, though gravitropism may play a larger role in root behavior and growth. Some vine shoot tips exhibit negative phototropism, which allows them to grow towards dark, solid objects and climb them.

Auxin collects mainly on the darker side of the stem and stimulates cell elongation. Thus, the cells on the side not directly exposed to light will grow faster than the opposing side, and the stem will curve towards the light source.

Phototropism in plants such as Arabidopsis thaliana is directed by blue light receptors called phototropins. Other photosensitive receptors in plants include phytochromes that sense red light, and cryptochromes that sense blue light.

References 

Plant physiology
Proboscis

A proboscis is a projection or elongated appendage at the front of the face. In vertebrates, the term is used to describe an elongated nose or snout. In invertebrates, the term usually refers to tubular mouthparts used for feeding and sucking.

Gallery

Animal anatomy
Tuckman's stages of group development

Tuckman's stages of group development is a model of group development made by Bruce Tuckman in 1965. It has four phases: Forming, Storming, Norming and Performing. 

Forming is when the members of a team just got together.
Storming is when they are in conflict and are not agreeing with each other.
Norming is when they have finished deciding what is "normal".
Performing is when they are working together efficiently.

Tuckman believed that these stages are all necessary and always happen in order for a team:
to grow
to face challenges
to tackle problems
to find solutions
to plan work
to deliver results

This model has become the basis for later models.

More reading on this topic can be found here: 

Psychology
Performing this is a stage of a fully functional group where members see themselves as a group and get involved in the task.
Clerks

Clerks is an 1994 American comedy movie directed by Kevin Smith. It takes place in and around a convenience store in New Jersey. Clerks was controversial. Due to graphic language it received an NC-17 rating, although the rating was later changed to R. Clerks was distributed from Miramax. It was released in October 1994.

Other websites 

1994 comedy movies
American comedy movies
English-language movies
Movies set in New Jersey
Miramax movies
American independent movies