cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Poplar Forest

The Poplar Forest is the retreat home of Thomas Jefferson, the third president of the United States of America. It is near Lynchburg, Virginia. 

His wife inherited the 4,819 acre plantation and he built an octagonal retreat  home there which was basically complete in the year 1812.  The home contains a central dining room in the shape of a cube, measuring 20 feet on all sides and lit from a skylight above. Currently under restoration, the building gives a fascinating glimpse of how things were built in those days, as well as showing off a few of Jefferson's inventions such as the triple sash window. Jefferson used the property as a respite from the busy Monticello, which was always welcoming visitors, and spent most of his time there only with close family members. He had a library containing 700 volumes and he used his time there to communicate with his 'absent friends', in other words, to catch up on his written correspondence.

Buildings and structures in Virginia
1812 establishments in the United States
1810s establishments in Virginia
Interstate 8

Interstate 8 or I-8 is an Interstate Highway that runs from Interstate 10 near Casa Grande, Arizona to San Diego, California. The route is  long.

References

08
1964 establishments in the United States
1960s establishments in California
20th-century establishments in Arizona
Regis Philbin

Regis Francis Xavier Philbin (; August 25, 1931 – July 24, 2020) was an American media personality, actor and singer, known for hosting talk and game shows since the 1960s. Sometimes called (alternatively attributed to James Brown) "the hardest working man in show business", he held the world record for the most time spent in front of a television camera. He was most widely known for Live! with Regis and Kelly (previously Live! with Regis and Kathie Lee), Who Wants to Be a Millionaire, Million Dollar Password, and for hosting the first season of America's Got Talent.

Early life
Philbin was born in the Bronx, New York City. His father, Francis "Frank" Philbin, a U.S. Marine who served in the Pacific, was of Irish ancestry.  His mother, Filomena "Florence" (nee Boscia), was of Arbëreshë ancestry. They lived in the Van Nest section of the Bronx. Philbin was raised Roman Catholic. He was supposedly named "Regis" because his father wanted him to attend the prestigious Regis High School.  It was long believed that Philbin was an only child, but on the February 1, 2007, broadcast of Live with Regis and Kelly, Philbin announced that he did have a brother, Frank M. Philbin (March 1, 1951 – January 27, 2007), who had died from non-Hodgkin lymphoma several days earlier. Philbin said his brother had asked to not be mentioned on television or in the press.

Philbin attended Our Lady of Solace grammar school in the Bronx, and graduated from Cardinal Hayes High School in the Bronx in 1949 before attending the University of Notre Dame, where he graduated in 1953 with a sociology degree. He later served in the United States Navy as a supply officer, then went through a few behind-the-scenes jobs in television and radio before moving into the broadcasting arena.

Television career
Philbin filled in for Dick Clark for the 2004 edition of Dick Clark's New Year's Rockin' Eve after Clark suffered a stroke.

On November 18, 2011, Philbin aired his final episode of Live! with Regis and Kelly.

Death 
On July 24, 2020, Philbin's family released a statement that he had died at the age of 88, one month before his 89th birthday. TMZ reported that Philbin had died at Greenwich Hospital in Connecticut of heart disease. The Blast revealed that he had died after having a heart attack caused by coronary artery disease.

References

Other websites

 Official website promoting Regis's albums
 
 
 Official website for Live with Kelly and Michael
 Regis appears on Michael Eisner's talkshow on CNBC 
 Regis Philbin at NNDB
 Regis Philbin video interview in the Archive of American Television (2006)

American game show hosts
American television talk show hosts
Singers from New York City
1931 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Deaths from coronary artery disease
Television personalities from New York City
Cardiovascular disease deaths in Connecticut
Bill Moggridge

William Grant Moggridge, RDI (25 June 1943 – 8 September 2012) was a British industrial designer and co-founder of the Silicon Valley-based design firm IDEO. He helped design what was arguably the first laptop computer, the GRiD Compass. He was in favour of user-centered design process in product development cycles and also worked towards popularizing interaction design as a mainstream discipline.

Moggridge was the author of Designing Interactions, published in October 2006. 

He was also involved in design education in the United Kingdom and the United States; teaching at the Royal College of Art, the London Business School and Stanford University.

References

 Designing Interactions - book home page
 Talk at the Innvovationsforum Interactiondesign,  Germany 2007

1943 births
2012 deaths
British people
Designers
Before I Self Destruct

Before I Self Destruct is 50 Cent's fourth album. It was released in 2009.

On the track "The End of My Career", on one of 50 Cent's mixtapes, he said that he has already recorded 12 tracks for the album.

References 

2009 albums
50 Cent
Hip hop albums
Udanoceratops

Udanoceratops had a very large skull (1.5 times the size of the next largest protoceratopid Montanoceratops) with no nasal horn. It most resembles Leptoceratops but with larger nasal apertures, less teeth in the upper jaw and more in the lower jaw - there are also differences in its teeth and skull bones. It has a mixture of advanced and primitive features and may turn out to be a ceratopsid.

Ceratopsids
Antonio Pappano

Antonio Pappano (born December 30, 1959 in Epping) is a British conductor and pianist of Italian origin. He is the conductor of the orchestra of the Royal Opera House, Covent Garden in London, and l'Orchestra dell'Accademia Nazionale di Santa Cecilia in Rome.

Pappano was born in England, but his family had come from Italy. When he was 13 years old, he moved with his family to Connecticut, in the United States. There he had his musical training, learning to play the piano as well as composition and conducting. He became a rehearsal accompanist at the New York City Opera.

Pappano is the youngest conductor to lead the Orchestra of the Royal Opera House in London, accompanying both the Royal Opera and Royal Ballet. He is also an excellent piano accompanist.

1959 births
British conductors
Living people
Boris Berezovsky (pianist)

Boris Berezovsky (Russian: Бори́с Вади́мович Березо́вский; born Moscow, 4 January 1969) is a famous Russian pianist. Berezovsky studied at the Moscow Conservatory. In 1988 he became well known in the West when he gave a recital in the Wigmore Hall in London. Two years later he won the gold medal at the 1990 International Tchaikovsky Competition in Moscow.

Boris Berezovsky gives concerts all over the world. He plays concertos with many of the great orchestras including the Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra, New York Philharmonic, Philadelphia Orchestra, Orchestre de la Monnaie, Rotterdam Philharmonic, Danish National Radio Symphony Orchestra, NDR Hamburg, Hessischer Rundfunk, New Japan Philharmonic, City of Birmingham Symphony Orchestra and with conductors such as Kurt Masur, Wolfgang Sawallisch, Vladimir Ashkenazy, Mikhail Pletnev and Antonio Pappano. Berezovsky has also made many recordings.

Berezovsky has a daughter, Evelyne Berezovsky (born 1991), who is also a pianist. He now lives in Brussels. Boris is an excellent jazz pianist and performs with his trio in Russian clubs.

References

Russian pianists
1969 births
Living people
Balto

Balto was the name of a Siberian Husky, born in 1923 and died 1933. He was a sled dog. He was the back up for a dog named Togo. Balto took part in the 1925 serum run to Nome. He got a lot of fame for being part of the journey, more than Togo. Many people say Togo should have gotten the attention that Balto got because Togo did the most work. Leonhard Seppala bred, named, raised, and trained Balto but did not race with him. In a 1927 New York Times article, he claimed that a forgotten dog named Fox had been co-lead with Balto on Kaasen’s team. He did not believe that Balto could have led the team by himself. Gunnar Kaasen was Balto’s musher.

In January 1925, Nome, Alaska needed medicine for a diphtheria epidemic. First, a ship tried to bring the medicine but ice was closing into the Bering Sea. The ship could not get to Nome. Next, they tried to bring the medicine by airplane. They could not because there was a blizzard (snow storm). The winds were too strong for the plane. So the medicine was sent by train from Anchorage, Alaska to Nenena, Alaska. Then sled dogs took turns carrying the medicine to Nome. The dog that ran the longest was Togo. Balto was the final dog. He lead the team into Nome. The medicine saved many children (almost all of the children). Balto, the other dogs, and the men who carried the medicine were given a hero's welcome. A few months later in New York City, a statue of Balto was placed in Central Park. It is still there today.

The serum run 

In January 1925, doctors realized that a diphtheria epidemic was likely to sweep through Nome's young people. It could kill many people. The only serum that could stop it was in Anchorage. Anchorage was almost  away. The only aircraft that could get the medicine to Nome was taken out of winter storage, but its engine was frozen. It would not start. Officials chose to move the medicine by sled dog. The serum was transported by train from Anchorage to Nenana. At Nenana, the first musher began the trip as part of a relay to deliver the serum to Nome. More than 20 mushers took part. They had to deal with a blizzard with  temperatures and strong winds. News coverage of the race was worldwide.

After the events 
On December 22, 1995, Universal Pictures released the animated movie Balto. The movie was based on the events of the 1925 serum run, although there are big differences. They also made a 2nd and 3rd movie to the original.

Other websites 
Balto Online Forum 
Balto Online

Individual dogs
Colin Davis

Sir  Colin Rex Davis, CH, CBE, (Weybridge, Surrey, 25 September 1927 – London, England 14 April 2013), was a British conductor. He was born in Weybridge, Surrey, UK. Davis went to school at Christ's Hospital before studying the clarinet at the Royal College of Music in London. He was not allowed to take conducting lessons there because he did not play the piano well enough. He still managed to get some experience as conductor of the Kalmar Orchestra with other music students.

In 1952 Davis worked at the Royal Festival Hall, and in the late 1950s conducted the BBC Scottish Symphony Orchestra. He started to become well known when he was suddenly asked to conduct Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart's opera Don Giovanni at the Royal Festival Hall because Otto Klemperer was ill. A year later, in 1960, he conducted Mozart's The Magic Flute at Glyndebourne because Thomas Beecham was ill.

In the 1960s he worked at Sadler's Wells Opera and with the London Symphony Orchestra. He was Chief Conductor of the BBC Symphony Orchestra. In 1971 he took over from Georg Solti as principal conductor at the Royal Opera House. He stayed there until 1986. He particularly liked conducting the operas of Michael Tippett, giving the first performances of The Knot Garden (1970), and The Ice Break (1977). In 1977 he became the first English conductor to appear at the Bayreuth Festival where he conducted Tannhäuser.

Davis was Principal Guest Conductor of the Boston Symphony Orchestra from 1972 to 1984. He was Chief Conductor at the Bavarian Radio Symphony Orchestra from 1983 to 1993. In 1991, Davis was given the honorary title 'Conductor Laureate' of the Staatskapelle Dresden, the first conductor in the orchestra's history to hold that title. In 1995, Davis became Principal Conductor of the London Symphony Orchestra. He stayed there until 2006, when the orchestra gave him the title of President. From 1998 to 2003, he was also Principal Guest Conductor of the New York Philharmonic.

He has received many honours, including CH and CBE

In 1949, Davis married the soprano April Cantelo. They had two children, Suzanne and Christopher. Their marriage ended in 1964, and in that same year, Davis married the young Iranian woman who had been the family au pair, Ashraf “Shamsi” Naini. To satisfy both the Iranian and British authorities, the couple were married three times, once in Iran and twice in the UK, in the Iranian Embassy as well as in a regular UK civil ceremony. They have five children.

On 14 April 2013, it was announced via the London Symphony Orchestra, of which Davis had been the president, that he had died that evening, aged 85, after a short illness.

Davis was not related to the conductor Sir Andrew Davis.

References

1927 births
2013 deaths
British conductors
Companions of Honour
Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
Grammy Award winners
Knights Bachelor
Musicians from Surrey
Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
Sea caves

Sea caves are a hollow chamber in a coastal cliff, made by the pounding power of crashing waves. "Sea arches" and "sea stacks" are also carved from these rocky cliffs.Sea waves carry on both erosional and depositional activities .The process of sea erosion is called marine erosion. 

Caves
Chris Rock

Chris Rock (born February 7, 1965) is an American comedian, actor, producer, screenwriter and director. He was born in Andrews, South Carolina and raised in Brooklyn, New York City. He is known for his jokes about racial stereotypes; he talks a lot about differences that are common between black people and white people in the United States. Rock has been in many television shows, such as Everybody Hates Chris and movies, such as Dogma.

Filmography

Other websites 

1965 births
Living people
Actors from New York City
Actors from South Carolina
African American actors
African American comedians
African American movie directors
African American movie producers
African American writers
American movie actors
American screenwriters
American stand-up comedians
American television actors
American television directors
American television producers
American television writers
American voice actors
Comedians from New York
Movie directors from New York
Writers from New York City
Writers from South Carolina
Comedians from South Carolina
Comedians from New York City
Province of Bari

Bari is a province in the region of Apulia in Italy.

Bari
Province of Brindisi

Brindisi is a province in the region of Apulia in Italy.

Brindisi
Province of Foggia

Foggia is a province in the region of Apulia in Italy.

Foggia
Province of Lecce

Lecce is a province in the region of Apulia in Italy.

Lecce
Province of Taranto

Taranto is a province in the region of Apulia in Italy.

Taranto
Province of Chieti

The province of Chieti () is a province in the Abruzzo region of Southern Italy. Its capital is the city of Chieti, and the province borders the Adriatic Sea.

Geography

Chieti is the most eastern province in Abruzzo and has an area of , the second largest province in the region after the province of L'Aquila. The province is bordered to the north and east by the Adriatic Sea, to the northwest by the province of Pescara, to the southwest by the province of L'Aquila and to south and southeast with Molise (to the south with the province of Isernia and to the southeast with the province of Campobasso).

The main rivers in the province areː
 Aterno-Pescara, that forms the border with the province of Pescara.
 Trigno, that forms the border with the province of Campobasso (Molise).
 Sente, that forms the border with the province of Isernia (Molise).

The highest mountain in the province is Monte Amaro,() in the Majella massif, Apennines; it is  high and is the highest mountain of three provinces: Chieti, L'Aquila and Pescara of the Abruzzo.

Population
There are 389,169 persons living in the province (January 2017), for a population density of  inhabitants/km².

Evolution of the population

Municipalities 
There are 104 municipalities (or comuni) in the province; they are:

 Altino
 Archi
 Ari
 Arielli
 Atessa
 Bomba
 Borrello
 Bucchianico
 Canosa Sannita
 Carpineto Sinello
 Carunchio
 Casacanditella
 Casalanguida
 Casalbordino
 Casalincontrada
 Casoli
 Castel Frentano
 Castelguidone
 Castiglione Messer Marino
 Celenza sul Trigno
 Chieti
 Civitaluparella
 Civitella Messer Raimondo
 Colledimacine
 Colledimezzo
 Crecchio
 Cupello
 Dogliola
 Fallo
 Fara Filiorum Petri
 Fara San Martino
 Filetto
 Fossacesia
 Fraine
 Francavilla al Mare	
 Fresagrandinaria
 Frisa
 Furci
 Gamberale
 Gessopalena
 Gissi
 Giuliano Teatino
 Guardiagrele
 Guilmi
 Lama dei Peligni
 Lanciano
 Lentella
 Lettopalena
 Liscia
 Miglianico
 Montazzoli
 Montebello sul Sangro
 Monteferrante
 Montelapiano
 Montenerodomo
 Monteodorisio
 Mozzagrogna
 Orsogna
 Ortona
 Paglieta
 Palena
 Palmoli
 Palombaro
 Pennadomo
 Pennapiedimonte
 Perano
 Pietraferrazzana
 Pizzoferrato
 Poggiofiorito
 Pollutri	
 Pretoro
 Quadri
 Rapino
 Ripa Teatina
 Rocca San Giovanni
 Roccamontepiano
 Roccascalegna
 Roccaspinalveti
 Roio del Sangro
 Rosello
 San Buono
 San Giovanni Lipioni
 San Giovanni Teatino
 San Martino sulla Marrucina
 San # Salvo
 San Vito Chietino
 Sant'Eusanio del Sangro
 Santa Maria Imbaro
 Scerni
 Schiavi di Abruzzo
 Taranta Peligna
 Tollo
 Torino di Sangro
 Tornareccio
 Torrebruna
 Torrevecchia Teatina
 Torricella Peligna
 Treglio
 Tufillo
 Vacri
 Vasto
 Villa Santa Maria
 Villalfonsina
 Villamagna

The largest comune is Atessa, with  and the smallest is Pietraferrazzana, with . Two comuni have less than 100 inhabitantsː Montebello sul Sangro with 92 inhabitants, and Montelapiano with 83 inhabitants.

Main comuni
The following table shows the 10 comuni with more inhabitants with their population, and their area and altitude.

Gallery

Related pages
 List of comuni of the Province of Chieti

References

Other websites

 Province of Chieti official website 

Chieti
Province of Teramo

The province of Teramo () is a province in the Abruzzo region of Central Italy. Its capital is the city of Teramo, and the province borders the Adriatic Sea.

Geography

Teramo is in the northeast of Abruzzo and has an area of , the third largest province in the region after the provinces of L'Aquila and Chieti. The province is bordered to the east by the Adriatic Sea, to the north by the province of Ascoli Piceno (Marche region), to the northwest by the province of Rieti (Lazio region), to the southwest by the province of L'Aquila and to the south by the province of Pescara.

The main river in the province is the Vomano,  long, that flows into the Adriatic Sea.

The highest mountain in the province (and in the Abruzzo region) is Corno Grande (), with an altitude of .

Population
There are 309,859 persons living in the province (January 2017), for a population density of  inhabitants/km².

Evolution of the population

Municipalities 
There are 47 municipalities (or comuni) in the province; they are:

 Alba Adriatica
 Ancarano
 Arsita
 Atri
 Basciano
 Bellante
 Bisenti
 Campli
 Canzano
 Castel Castagna
 Castellalto
 Castelli
 Castiglione Messer Raimondo
 Castilenti
 Cellino Attanasio
 Cermignano
 Civitella del Tronto
 Colledara
 Colonnella
 Controguerra
 Corropoli
 Cortino
 Crognaleto
 Fano Adriano
 Giulianova
 Isola del Gran Sasso d'Italia
 Martinsicuro
 Montefino
 Montorio al Vomano
 Morro d'Oro
 Mosciano Sant'Angelo
 Nereto
 Notaresco
 Penna Sant'Andrea
 Pietracamela
 Pineto
 Rocca Santa Maria
 Roseto degli Abruzzi
 Sant'Egidio alla Vibrata
 Sant'Omero
 Silvi
 Teramo
 Torano Nuovo
 Torricella Sicura
 Tortoreto
 Tossicia
 Valle Castellana

The largest comune is Teramo, with  and the smallest is Nereto, with . Two comuni have less than 300 inhabitantsː Fano Adriano with 288 inhabitants, and Pietracamela with 263 inhabitants.

Main comuni
The following table shows the 10 comuni with more inhabitants with their population, and their area and altitude.

From north to south, the province of Teramo has seven blue flag beaches on the Adriatric Seacoast, called the Seven Sisters; they are:
Martinsicuro
Alba Adriatica
Tortoreto
Giulianova
Roseto degli Abruzzi
Pineto
Silvi

Gallery

Related pages
 List of comuni of the Province of Teramo

References

Other websites

 Province of Teramo official website 

Teramo
Province of Pescara

The province of Pescara () is a province in the Abruzzo region of Southern Italy, along the Adriatic Sea. Its capital is the city of Pescara.

Geography

Pescara is the smallest province in Abruzzo with an area of . The province is bordered to the northeast by the Adriatic Sea, to the north by the province of Teramo, to the east by the province of Chieti, and to the south and west by the province of L'Aquila.

The final part of the Aterno-Pescara river flows through this province; other rivers are smaller and most of them are tributaries of the Aterno-Pescara river. The city of Pescara, the capital of the province, is at the mouth of this river.

The highest mountain in the province is Monte Amaro,() in the Majella massif, Apennines; it is  high and is the highest mountain of three provinces: Chieti, L'Aquila and Pescara of the Abruzzo.

Population
There are 321,309 persons living in the province (January 2017), for a population density of  inhabitants/km².

Evolution of the population

Municipalities 
There are 46 municipalities (or comuni) in the province; they are:

 Abbateggio
 Alanno
 Bolognano
 Brittoli
 Bussi sul Tirino
 Cappelle sul Tavo
 Caramanico Terme
 Carpineto della Nora
 Castiglione a Casauria
 Catignano
 Cepagatti
 Città Sant'Angelo
 Civitaquana
 Civitella Casanova
 Collecorvino
 Corvara	
 Cugnoli
 Elice
 Farindola
 Lettomanoppello
 Loreto Aprutino
 Manoppello
 Montebello di Bertona
 Montesilvano
 Moscufo
 Nocciano
 Penne
 Pescara
 Pescosansonesco
 Pianella
 Picciano
 Pietranico	
 Popoli
 Roccamorice
 Rosciano
 Salle
 San Valentino in Abruzzo Citeriore
 Sant'Eufemia a Maiella
 Scafa
 Serramonacesca
 Spoltore
 Tocco da Casauria
 Torre de' Passeri
 Turrivalignani
 Vicoli
 Villa Celiera

The largest comune is Penne, with  and the smallest is Cappelle sul Tavo, with . The comune with fewest people living in it is Corvara with 247 inhabitants.

Main comuni
The following table shows the 10 comuni with more inhabitants with their population, and their area and altitude.

Gallery

Related pages
 List of comuni of the Province of Pescara

References

Other websites

 Province of Pescara official website 

Pescara
Province of Perugia

The province of Perugia () is a province in the Umbria region of Central Italy. Its capital is the city of Perugia. The city of Perugia is also the capital of Umbria.

History
The province of Perugia was created in 1860 as Province of the Umbria. At that time, the province was larger than now because the present Province of Terni was included.

In 1927, the old province of the Umbria was divided in two provinces, Perugia and Terni.

Geography
The province of Perugia, with an area of , is the larger of the two province in Umbria.

The province is bordered to the north and east by the Marche (Pesaro and Urbino, Ancona, Macerata and Ascoli Piceno provinces), to the south with Lazio (province of Rieti) and with the province of Terni, and to the west with Tuscany (Siena and Arezzo provinces).

The main river in the region is the Tiber. The largest lake of the province, and of Umbria, is the Trasimeno, one of the largest lake of Italy.

The highest mountain in the province is Cima del Redentore, in the same group of mountains of the Monte Vettore, with an altitude of .

There are four regional natural parks in the province of Perugia: Parco di Colfiorito, Parco del Lago Trasimeno, Parco del Monte Cucco and Parco del Monte Subasio. The Monti Sibillini National Park ()  is mainly in the Manche region but part of it is in Umbria.

Population
, there are 662,110 persons living in the province, for a population density of  inhabitants/km².

Administration

The province has 59 comuni. The comuni with more people living in them areː

The largest comune is Gubbio, with  and the smallest is Paciano, with . The comune with fewest inhabitants is Poggiodomo with 117 inhabitants.

Related pages
List of comuni of the Province of Perugia

Gallery

References

Other websites

 Official Site 

Provinces of Umbria
Province of Terni

The Province of Terni () is a province in the Umbria region of Central Italy. Its capital is the city of Terni.

History
The province of Terni was created in 1927 when the old Province of the Umbria, created in 1860, was divided in two provinces, the Perugia and Terni provinces.

Geography
The province of Terni has an area of , one-third of both the area and population of the Umbria region.

The province is bordered to the north with the province of Perugia, to the east, south and west with the Lazio (the Rieti and Viterbo provinces) and to north-west with the Tuscany (province of Siena).

The province is in the southwest of the Umbria region, in the last part of the Nera river valley near the confluence with the Velino river, and the eastern part of the valley of the Tiber river.

The highest mountain in the province is Monte Aspra (), in the eastern part of the province, with an altitude of .

There are two fluvial parks, to protect two rivers and their areas around them, in the province of Terni: Parco fluviale del Tevere ("Fluvial park of the Tiber") and  Parco fluviale del Nera ("Fluvial park of the Nera").

Population
, there are 229,071 persons living in the province, for a population density of  inhabitants/km².

Administration

The province of Terni has 33 comuni. There are only four comuni with more than 10,000 people living in them; they areː

The largest comune is Orvieto, with  and the three smallest are Attigliano (), Montefranco () and Penna in Teverina (). Only two comuni have less than 1,000 inhabitantsː Parrano with 534 inhabitants, and Polino with 233 inhabitants

Related pages
List of communes of the Province of Terni

Gallery

References

Other websites

 Official Site  

Terni
Spurgeon's

Spurgeon's (it used to be called Spurgeon's Child Care) is a charity based in England. It has international projects in Mexico, Africa and Eastern Europe. Spurgeon's was founded in 1867 by Charles Spurgeon. He started it to care for fatherless boys. The first girls were accepted in 1879.

History 

Spurgeon's originally started as an orphanage. It was called Stockwell Orphanage, and was started by Spurgeon in 1867. It was located in what is now Stockwell Park Estate, in Stockwell, London. It opened on 9 September 1869, and was originally for boys only. The orphanage had places for 250 children to live. These children were fed, clothed and taught at the orphanage. This all cost about £5,000 each year. The money to pay for this mainly came from donations.

The orphanage was a home for boys without fathers between the ages of six and ten. Even though the orphanage was created by Baptists, boys of any religion were accepted there. In 1879, other buildings for children to live in were added to the orphanage. This allowed the orphanage to begin letting girls live there also.

Stockwell Orphanage was open until London was bombed in the Second World War. It later turned into Spurgeon's Child Care (and then into Spurgeon's). It is now mainly in England, but has international projects in Mexico, Africa and Eastern Europe.

References

Other websites 
Official Spurgeon's website
History of the Stockwell Orphanage

Charities
Christian organizations
Charles Spurgeon
Mastodon

Mastodons or Mastodonts are elephants of the extinct genus Mammut and the family Mammutidae. Mastodons became extinct about 11,000 years ago. 

Mastodons, with mammoths, modern elephants and various older families, are members of the order Proboscidea. As adults they stood between 2.5 and 3 meters (8-10 feet) at the shoulder and weighed between 3500 and 5400 kilograms (4-6 tons). 

Mastodons were browsers on leaves and branches, as shown by their molar teeth.

Two species 
M. americanum was the American mastodon, and M. pacificus was the Pacific mastodon. They are the youngest and best-known species of the genus. Mastodons disappeared from North America as part of a mass extinction of most of the Pleistocene megafauna.

Recent discovery 
Stone tools and bones from a butchered mastodon were found at the bottom of a river in Florida. After a four-year investigation, researchers decided that humans lived there and made a meal of a mastodon 14,550 years ago.

References 

Extinct elephants
Megafauna
Lost Boys (book)

Lost Boys (1992) is the first horror novel written by Orson Scott Card.

Related pages
 About the book Lost Boys from Card's website

1992 books
Horror novels
Books by Orson Scott Card
Isleham

Isleham is a small village and civil parish in the English county of Cambridgeshire.

Other websites 
2001 Census 
Isleham Village Website
The Rising Sun Isleham Website 
Isleham FC Website 

Civil parishes in Cambridgeshire
Villages in Cambridgeshire
River Lark

The River Lark is a river in England. It flows into the River Great Ouse.

Rivers of England
Pastwatch: The Redemption of Christopher Columbus

Pastwatch: The Redemption of Christopher Columbus (1996) is the first science fiction book in the Pastwatch series, and is written by Orson Scott Card. The book's story about the explorer named Christopher Columbus. Most of the book is about scientists who traveled back to the 1400s to change European meetings with the Americas.

Translations 
  ("The Redemption Of Christopher Columbus"), 1998
  ("The Redemption Of Christopher Columbus"), 1997

Other websites
 About the book The Redemption of Christopher Columbus from Card's website

1996 books
Books by Orson Scott Card
New Park Street Chapel

The New Park Street Chapel was a Reformed Baptist church in Southwark, London. It was built in 1833. The Metropolitan Tabernacle at Elephant and Castle still worships there.

Pastors both past & present 
William Rider, c1653-c1665 (12 yrs)
Benjamin Keach, 1668-1704 (36 yrs)
Benjamin Stinton, 1704-1718 (14 yrs)
Dr. John Gill, 1720-1771 (51 yrs)
Dr. John Rippon, 1773-1836 (63 years)
Joseph Angus, 1837-1839 (2 yrs)
James Smith, 1841-1850 (8 ½ yrs)
William Walters, 1851-1853 (2 yrs)
Charles Spurgeon, 1854-1892 (38 yrs)
Arthur Tappan Pierson 1891-1893
Thomas Spurgeon, 1893-1908 (15 yrs)
Archibald G Brown, 1908-1911 (3 yrs)
Dr. Amzi Clarence Dixon, 1911-1919 (8 years)
Harry Tydeman Chilvers, 1919-1935 (15 ½ yrs)
Dr. W Graham Scroggie, 1938-1943 (5 yrs)
W G Channon, 1944-1949 (5 yrs)
Gerald B Griffiths, 1951-1954 (3yrs)
Eric W Hayden, 1956-1962 (6 yrs)
Dennis Pascoe 1963-1969 (6 yrs)
Dr. Peter Masters, 1970-present

Other websites 
Metropolitan Tabernacle official site
History page on official site

Baptist churches
Buildings and structures in London
Charles Spurgeon
Exeter Hall

Exeter Hall was a hall on the north side of The Strand, London, England. It was built between 1829 and 1831. The hall could hold about 3,000 people. It was used for religious and philanthropic meetings.

Other websites 
 About the history and "passing of Exeter Hall" 

Buildings and structures in England
William Jewell College

William Jewell College is a private, four-year Christian liberal arts college. It has around 1,274 undergraduate students. It is in Liberty, Missouri, United States

Other websites 
William Jewell College website

Christian colleges and universities in the United States
Colleges and universities in Missouri
1849 establishments in the United States
1840s establishments in Missouri
Liberty, Missouri

Liberty is a city in Clay County, Missouri. It is suburb of Kansas City, Missouri. At the 2000 census the city population was 26,232. It is the county seat of Clay County. Liberty is also home to William Jewell College.

References

Other websites 
City of Liberty Web Site

Cities in Missouri
County seats in Missouri
John 3:16

John 3:16 (chapter 3, verse 16 of the Gospel of John) is a verse from the Christian Bible. It has been called the "Gospel in a nutshell." It is also thought to be one of the most important doctrines of Christianity.

References 

Gospels

id:Yohanes 3#Ayat 16
Le Chatelier's principle

Le Châtelier's principle is a principle used in Chemistry and Physics to describe how a system at equilibrium reacts to external changes.

Overview 
It is used to show how the point of equilibrium of a system will move to oppose a change in the conditions of the system, following Newton's third law. This is most commonly seen in reversible reactions in chemistry, where a chemical reaction has reached a point where the formation of products happens at the same rate the products decay back into reactants. This principle can then be used to increase the amount of desired products made by moving equilibrium towards that side in chemical industries.

Concentration 
If the concentration of reactants in a reaction increases, the point of equilibrium moves towards the products as this gets rid of the excess reactants and cancels the change. Similarly, if the concentration of products increases, the equilibrium moves towards the reactants.

Pressure 
If the pressure of a system increases, the point of equilibrium will shift to the side with less moles, as that side will occupy less volume and therefore will reduce the pressure.

Temperature 
If the temperature of a system is increased, the point of equilibrium moves towards whichever side is more endothermic as this will take in the excess energy as part of the products and so cancels the change of increased temperature.

Electromagnetism 
This principle is also shown by Lenz's law, which states that a changing magnetic flux will produce an opposing magnetic flux (and therefore a magnetic and electric field) in any nearby metals. This will then produce a second current in the nearby metal in the opposite direction to the original current.

Other websites 
 Le Chatelier's principle
 Lenz's law
Chemistry
Physics
Continental United States

The continental United States is the area of the United States of America that is located in the continent of North America. It includes 49 of the 50 states (48 of which are located south of Canada and north of Mexico, known as the "lower 48 states", the other being Alaska) and the District of Columbia, which contains the federal capital, Washington, D.C. The only state which is not part of this is Hawaii (as they are islands in the Pacific Ocean and not part of North America).

"On May 14, 1959, the U.S. Board on Geographic Names issued the following definitions based partially on the reference in the Alaska Omnibus Bill, which defined the Continental United States as "the 49 States on the North American Continent and the District of Columbia..." The Board reaffirmed these definitions on May 13, 1999."

Some sources incorrectly mix up the continental United States with the contiguous United States (which consists simply of the lower 48 states and the District of Columbia). The contiguous United States (also known as the United States Mainland) does not include Alaska, Hawaii, or any other territories under the control of the United States.

Alaska is unique among the US states as it is part of the North American continent, meaning it is attached via Canada, and so is part of the "Continental United States". However, Alaska is not part of the "Contiguous United States", because it is not attached directly to the lower 48 states.

Citations 

Regions of the United States
Bible Belt

The Bible Belt is term for a part of the United States in which many people believe in conservative Evangelical Protestantism. This makes it a dominant part of the culture.

References

Christianity in the United States
Regions of the United States
British people

Britons, British people, or the British are people from Britain – either from the United Kingdom or the island of Great Britain. In history, the people of the British Empire, and later the British Commonwealth, were also named British or Britons.

The first people to be named Britons were the people of ancient Britain, the ancient Britons. The ancient Romans named the people of Britain in . People from Roman Britain called themselves in . Bede used the spelling in , the spelling of which was possibly learned from the Old English word of the same meaning.

Originally, the word Briton in the English language meant a person from one of the Brythonic languages-speaking peoples in Great Britain and northern France: mostly the people of Strathclyde, Wales, Cornwall, and Brittany. This meaning of the word was used in Middle English from the 13th century and after. In the 16th and 17th centuries, Briton could also be a name for Welsh people.

The use of Britons to mean all the people of Britain was not common in the English language before the early 18th century. It became more usual after the Acts of Union 1707 joined together the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of Scotland into the United Kingdom of Great Britain. The word Briton was frequently used in the 18th and 19th centuries with the suggestion of "qualities of bravery and fortitude". The rare word "Britoness" was sometimes used in the past for women from Britain. Writers like Edmund Spenser, Thomas Babington Macaulay, and Alfred, Lord Tennyson used it for strong women like the ancient British queen Boudica (who fought the Romans) and the English queen, Elizabeth I (whose Royal Navy defeated the Spanish Armada).

References
Scissor-tailed flycatcher

The scissor-tailed flycatcher (Tyrannus forficatus), also known as the Texas bird-of-paradise and swallow-tailed flycatcher, is a type of bird that lives in North America, in the United States and Mexico. It eats insects.  It is grey on top and light grey underneath with pink on the sides.  The wings are dark and it has a long black tail.  It is named "scissor-tailed" because its tail looks like a pair of scissors.  The tail is shorter when it is young, and the bird is not as colorful.

The scissor-tailed flycatcher is closely related to the kingbirds. It is also the state bird of Oklahoma. The common name is derived from its former Latin name-Muscivoria forficata, meaning "flying"-"scissors" and "to devour."  In Oklahoma, scissortails can be found on open prairies, along tree-lined roads, and along roadsides perched on fences, limbs and in isolated trees.  They consume a great number of grasshoppers, crickets, spiders, and other ground-dwelling insects  making them economically important and popular with farmers and ranchers.

Soon after the birds arrive in the state, the males begin their famous "sky dance," a popular site along roadsides during spring and early summer. After climbing about 100 feet in the air, the male makes a series of V-shaped flights, then plunges down in an erratic zigzag course often somersaulting  while uttering a rolling, cackling call.  The performance has been described as "an aerial ballet of incomparable grace." Nesting usually takes place in an isolated tree 7–30 feet  above ground. Often two broods of 4-6 each are raised during the summer.

Scissor-tailed flycatchers are easily identified by their long scissor-like tail, which may reach nine inches in length.  During flight the bird opens its tail like a pair of scissors and folds or closes the "scissors" when perching. The nape of its neck and its back are pearl gray, and the breast is white. Wings are sooty black with a touch of scarlet at the shoulders. The principal threat to scissortails is poaching.  A great number of birds have been killed by poachers who wanted only the bird's tail.

Birds of North America
Passeriformes
Symbols of Oklahoma
Eastern redbud

Cercis canadensis L. (also known as the eastern redbud) is a large shrub or small tree native to eastern North America from southern Ontario, Canada south to northern Florida, United States. The tree is also the state tree of Oklahoma.

References

Fabaceae
Symbols of Oklahoma
Black Mesa

Black Mesa is a mountain in Oklahoma. It is the highest point in the state.

Mountains of Oklahoma
Province of Belluno

The Province of Belluno (; German: Provinz Belluno) is a province in the Veneto region of Italy. Its capital is the city of Belluno.

Geography
The province of Belluno has an area of  and is the most northern of the provinces of the Veneto region, and is almost entirely occupied by mountain areas. In the eastern part of the province are the Dolomites, part of the eastern Alps, with high mountains, including the highest point of the province and of the region, the Marmolada () that is  high.

The province is rich in water, with the presence of the wide Piave river that flows through the province from north to south.

The southern part of the province is called Valbelluna, the widest and most populous valley of the province.

The province of Belluno borders to the north with Austria (Tyrol and Carinthia), to the east with the Friuli Venezia Giulia region (Udine and Pordenone provinces), to the south with the Treviso and Vicenza provinces) and to the west and northwest with the Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol region (Trento and South Tyrol provinces).

Population
, there are 206,856 persons living in the province, for a population density of  inhabitants/km².

Evolution of the population in the Belluno province

Language minorities 
In the province, there are two language minorities, which are now recognized by law:
a Ladin (a Romance language) minority is present in the three communes of Colle Santa Lucia, Livinallongo del Col di Lana and Cortina d'Ampezzo.
a German-speaking minority in the commune of Sappada, Farra d'Alpago and Tambre.

Municipalities 
There are 64 municipalities (or comuni) in the province; they are:

 Agordo
 Alano di Piave
 Alleghe
 Alpago
 Arsiè
 Auronzo di Cadore
 Belluno
 Borca di Cadore
 Calalzo di Cadore
 Canale d'Agordo
 Cencenighe Agordino
 Cesiomaggiore
 Chies d'Alpago
 Cibiana di Cadore
 Colle Santa Lucia
 Comelico Superiore
 Cortina d'Ampezzo
 Danta di Cadore
 Domegge di Cadore
 Falcade
 Feltre
 Fonzaso
 Gosaldo
 La Valle Agordina
 Lamon
 Lentiai
 Limana
 Livinallongo del Col di Lana
 Longarone
 Lorenzago di Cadore
 Lozzo di Cadore
 Mel
 Ospitale di Cadore
 Pedavena
 Perarolo di Cadore
 Pieve di Cadore
 Ponte nelle Alpi
 Quero Vas
 Rivamonte Agordino
 Rocca Pietore
 San Gregorio nelle Alpi
 San Nicolò di Comelico
 San Pietro di Cadore
 San Tomaso Agordino
 San Vito di Cadore
 Santa Giustina
 Santo Stefano di Cadore
 Sappada
 Sedico
 Selva di Cadore
 Seren del Grappa
 Sospirolo
 Soverzene
 Sovramonte
 Taibon Agordino
 Tambre
 Trichiana
 Val di Zoldo
 Vallada Agordina
 Valle di Cadore
 Vigo di Cadore
 Vodo di Cadore
 Voltago Agordino
 Zoppè di Cadore

Largest municipalities
The following shows the 10 comuni with the population, and the area and altitude.

Gallery

References

Other websites

 Provincia di Belluno Official site 

Belluno
Province of Padua

Padua (or ) is a province in the region of Veneto in Italy.

Padua
Province of Rovigo

The Province of Rovigo () is a province in the Veneto region of Italy. Its capital is the city of Rovigo.

Geography
The province of Rovigo has an area of  and is the most southern of the provinces of the Veneto region, and its territory is almost flat, without mountains. The highest point of the province is in the Bergantino comune, to the west of the province; it is only  high.

The province is rich in water, with the presence of the two longest rivers of Italy: the Po and the Adige rivers. Both flow from west to east and into the Adriatic Sea and most of the territory of the province is between these two rivers: the Adige in the north of the province and the Po in the south of it.

The province of Rovigo borders to the northwest with the Verona province, to the north with the Padua province and the Metropolitan City of Venice, to the west with the Lombardy region (Mantua province) and to the south with the Ferrara Emilia-Romagna region. The Adriatic Sea is to the east.

Population
, there are 240,540 persons living in the province, for a population density of  inhabitants/km².

Evolution of the population in the Rovigo province

Municipalities 
There are 50 municipalities (or comuni) in the province; they are:

 Adria
 Ariano nel Polesine
 Arquà Polesine
 Badia Polesine
 Bagnolo di Po
 Bergantino
 Bosaro
 Calto
 Canaro
 Canda
 Castelguglielmo
 Castelmassa
 Castelnovo Bariano
 Ceneselli
 Ceregnano
 Corbola
 Costa di Rovigo
 Crespino
 Ficarolo
 Fiesso Umbertiano
 Frassinelle Polesine
 Fratta Polesine
 Gaiba
 Gavello
 Giacciano con Baruchella
 Guarda Veneta
 Lendinara
 Loreo
 Lusia
 Melara
 Occhiobello
 Papozze
 Pettorazza Grimani
 Pincara
 Polesella
 Pontecchio Polesine
 Porto Tolle
 Porto Viro
 Rosolina
 Rovigo
 Salara
 San Bellino
 San Martino di Venezze
 Stienta
 Taglio di Po
 Trecenta
 Villadose
 Villamarzana
 Villanova del Ghebbo
 Villanova Marchesana

Largest municipalities
The following shows the 10 comuni with the population, and the area and altitude.

Gallery

References

Other websites

 Provincia di Rovigo Official site 

Rovigo
Oded Fehr

Oded Fehr (; born 23 November 1970 in Tel Aviv) is an Israeli film and television actor. He acted in The Mummy.

1970 births
Living people
Israeli movie actors
Israeli television actors
Israeli voice actors
Jewish Israeli actors
People from Tel Aviv
Province of Treviso

The Province of Treviso () is a province in the Veneto region of Italy. Its capital is the city of Treviso.

Geography
The province of Treviso has an area of  and is formed mainly by plains but there are hills in the northern part. In the border with the Belluno province, there are some mountains over  high, found mainly in the Dolomites, part of the eastern Alps; the highest mountain of the province is Monte Grappa ) that is  high and is on the border with the Belluno and Vicenza provinces.

The province is rich in water; the main river is the Piave river that flows through the province from north to south.

The province of Treviso borders to the north with the Belluno province, to the east with the Friuli Venezia Giulia region (Pordenone province), to the south with the Padua province and the Metropolitan City of Venice, and to the west with the Vicenza province.

Population
, there are 885,447 persons living in the province, for a population density of  inhabitants/km².

Evolution of the population in the Treviso province

Municipalities 
There are 95 municipalities (or comuni) in the province; they are:

 Altivole
 Arcade
 Asolo
 Borso del Grappa
 Breda di Piave
 Caerano di San Marco
 Cappella Maggiore
 Carbonera
 Casale sul Sile
 Casier
 Castelcucco
 Castelfranco Veneto
 Castello di Godego
 Cavaso del Tomba
 Cessalto
 Chiarano
 Cimadolmo
 Cison di Valmarino
 Codognè
 Colle Umberto
 Conegliano
 Cordignano
 Cornuda
 Crespano del Grappa
 Crocetta del Montello
 Farra di Soligo
 Follina
 Fontanelle
 Fonte
 Fregona
 Gaiarine
 Giavera del Montello
 Godega di Sant'Urbano
 Gorgo al Monticano
 Istrana
 Loria
 Mansuè
 Mareno di Piave
 Maser
 Maserada sul Piave
 Meduna di Livenza
 Miane
 Mogliano Veneto
 Monastier di Treviso
 Monfumo
 Montebelluna
 Morgano
 Moriago della Battaglia
 Motta di Livenza
 Nervesa della Battaglia
 Oderzo
 Ormelle
 Orsago
 Paderno del Grappa
 Paese
 Pederobba
 Pieve di Soligo
 Ponte di Piave
 Ponzano Veneto
 Portobuffolé
 Possagno
 Povegliano
 Preganziol
 Quinto di Treviso
 Refrontolo
 Resana
 Revine Lago
 Riese Pio X
 Roncade
 Salgareda
 San Biagio di Callalta
 San Fior
 San Pietro di Feletto
 San Polo di Piave
 San Vendemiano
 San Zenone degli Ezzelini
 Santa Lucia di Piave
 Sarmede
 Segusino
 Sernaglia della Battaglia
 Silea
 Spresiano
 Susegana
 Tarzo
 Trevignano
 Treviso
 Valdobbiadene
 Vazzola
 Vedelago
 Vidor
 Villorba
 Vittorio Veneto
 Volpago del Montello
 Zenson di Piave
 Zero Branco

Largest municipalities
The following shows the 12 comuni with the population, and the area and altitude.

Gallery

References

Other websites

 Provincia di Treviso Official site 
 Tourism in Treviso website 

Treviso
Province of Venice

Venice (or ) is a province in the region of Veneto in Italy.

Venice