cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Moustapha Akkad

Moustapha Akkad (July 1, 1930 – November 11, 2005) was a Syrian-American movie producer and director who was known for producing all the Halloween movies until his death in 2005. He did not produce the first two Rob Zombie remakes. Halloween 9 was cancelled because of his death.

Akkad was born on July 1, 1930 in Aleppo, Syria. He was raised in Los Angeles, California. Akkad studied at Aleppo American College, at the University of California, Los Angeles and at the University of Southern California. He was married to Patricia Akkad until they divorced. Then he was to married Sasha Ascha until his death in 2005. He has two children with Patricia and one with Sasha.

Akkad and his daughter, Rima were both killed by a large explosion in the lobby of the hotel. They were in Amman, Jordan. Akkad and his daughter were in the lobby when it happened and his daughter died instantly. Akkad died two days after because of his injuries, aged 75.

References

Other websites
 
 
 Aljazeera. Firas Al-Atraqchi. An Arab American director's legacy
 Juan Cole. The Strange Death of Moustapha Akkad
   The Telegraph. Moustapha Akkad 

1930 births
2005 deaths
American murder victims
Naturalized citizens of the United States
Syrian people
American movie directors
American movie producers
People from Los Angeles
Aleppo
Deaths by suicide bomber
The Mill

The Mill is an oil painting by Rembrandt van Rijn. It measures 87.6 cm (34.5 in) x 105.6 cm (41.6 in). It dates from between 1645 and 1648. It hangs in the National Gallery of Art, Washington DC. The Gallery writes, "...[The Mill] speaks to us as a powerfully expressive work. Rembrandt evokes a feeling of the forces of nature in the dramatic confrontation of the iconic mill, so central to the Dutch way of life, against the sweep of the sky. At the same time, the figures within the landscape give it a human element that we can respond to on a personal basis."

References

17th-century paintings
Dutch paintings
Paintings in the National Gallery of Art, Washington DC
Paintings by Rembrandt van Rijn
Ned Wertimer

Ned Wertimer (October 27, 1923 – January 2, 2013) was an American actor. He was known for his role as Ralph Hart in the television sitcom The Jeffersons.

Wertimer was born on October 27, 1923 in Buffalo, New York. He studied at University of Pennsylvania's Wharton School. He was married to Skyne Uku from the 1960s until his death in 2013. In November 2012, Wertimer fell in his home in Burbank, California. He died in the hospital in Los Angeles, California from his injuries in January 2, 2013, aged 89.

References

Other websites

Ned Wertimer at the Internet Broadway Database

1923 births
2013 deaths
Accidental deaths from falls
American movie actors
American radio actors
American stage actors
American television actors
American television personalities
American voice actors
Actors from Buffalo, New York
The Nightwatch

The Nightwatch (The Company of Frans Banning Cocq and Willem van Ruytenburch, known as the Night Watch) is an oil painting by Rembrandt. It was painted in 1642. It measures 379.5 cm x 453.5 cm (149.4 in x 178.5 in). It hangs in the Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam. 

Dutch paintings
17th-century paintings
Paintings by Rembrandt van Rijn
Self Portrait (Van Gogh)

A self-drawn (or self-taken) picture of an artist is also called self portrait

Self Portrait is an oil painting by Vincent van Gogh.  It measures 57.2 x 43.8 cm (22 1/2 x 17 1/4 in.) It was painted in 1889. It hangs in the National Gallery of Art, Washington DC. It is one of Van Gogh's last self-portraits.

References

Dutch paintings
1880s paintings
Paintings in the National Gallery of Art, Washington DC
Paintings by Vincent van Gogh
Argon plasma coagulation

Argon plasma coagulation (APC) is the medical procedure to stop bleeding from an active bleeding site of the gastrointestinal tract. It is done with the help of endoscopy technique.

Medicine
Surgery
Van Gogh's Bedroom in Arles

Van Gogh's Bedroom in Arles is an oil painting by Vincent van Gogh. It was painted in October 1888. It measures 72 × 90 cm (28.3 × 35.4 in). It hangs in the Van Gogh Museum in Amsterdam. Van Gogh completed three paintings on the subject.

Dutch paintings
Paintings by Vincent van Gogh
1880s paintings
Cafe Terrace at Night

Cafe Terrace at Night is an oil painting by Vincent van Gogh. It was painted in 1888. It measures 81 × 64.5 cm (31.9 × 25.4 in). It hangs in the Kröller-Müller Museum.

Dutch paintings
1880s paintings
Paintings by Vincent van Gogh
Wheatfield with Crows

Wheatfield with Crows is an oil painting by Vincent van Gogh. It was finished about 10 July 1890. In 1890, Van Gogh wrote that he had made three paintings in Auvers-sur-Oise of large fields of wheat under troubled skies. Wheat Field with Crows was one of them. This painting in particular is often thought to reflect his state of mind towards the end of his life.

References 

Dutch paintings
1890s paintings
Paintings by Vincent van Gogh
Irises (1889 painting)

Irises is an oil painting by Vincent van Gogh. It was painted in 1889. It measures 28 × 36.625 in (71.1 × 93 cm). It hangs in the Getty Center.
He painted this when he was 36 years old.

Dutch paintings
1880s paintings
Paintings by Vincent van Gogh
The Storm on the Sea of Galilee

The Storm on the Sea of Galilee is an oil painting by Rembrandt van Rijn. It measures 160 × 128 cm (63 × 50.4 in). It was painted in 1633. It was in the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum, Boston. It was stolen in 1990, and it is still not found.

Dutch paintings
17th-century paintings
Paintings by Rembrandt van Rijn
Toilette of Venus

Toilette of Venus (also Rokeby Venus, Venus at Her Mirror, Cupid and Venus, etc.) is an oil painting by Diego Velázquez. It was painted between 1647 and 1651. It measures . It hangs in the National Gallery, London.

17th-century paintings
Spanish paintings
Paintings by Diego Velazquez
Laocoön (painting)

Laocoön is an oil painting by El Greco. It dates from between 1604 and 1614. It measures 142 × 193 cm (55.9 × 76 in). It hangs in the National Gallery of Art, Washington DC. Laocoön is a mythical character taken from the Aeneid, a Latin epic poem by Virgil. In the legend, Laocoön was a Trojan priest who warned the Trojans not to bring the Wooden Horse into the city of Troy. This angered the gods protecting the Greeks. They caused serpents to rise from the sea to strangle the priest and his two sons. Laocoön and his sons are seen left and center in the painting. The figures to the right may be the Greek gods. The Wooden Horse is seen in the middle distance center. The city in the far distance is Toledo, Spain. El Greco was Greek by birth. He completely ignored the history and mythology of Greece in his work, except for this one painting. This picture is the only classical theme he ever painted.

References

Spanish paintings
Paintings in the National Gallery of Art, Washington DC
17th-century paintings
Paintings by El Greco
Red Boats at Argenteuil

Red Boats at Argenteuil is a painting by artist Claude Monet. It was painted in 1875. 

Argenteuil is a town northwest of Paris, France. Claude Monet painted different locations and objects in Argenteuil many times.

The painting belongs to a museum in Paris,  the Musée de l'Orangerie in France.

Landscape paintings
Paintings by Claude Monet
1870s paintings
Portrait of Fray Hortensio Felix Paravicino

Portrait of Fray Hortensio Felix Paravicino is an oil painting by El Greco. It was painted in 1609. It measures 112.1 × 86.1 cm (44.1 × 33.9 in). It hangs in the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston.

Spanish paintings
Paintings by El Greco
16th-century paintings
South Africa national cricket team

The South African national cricket team, nicknamed the Proteas, represent South Africa in international cricket. They are administrated by Cricket South Africa.

South Africa is a full member of the International Cricket Council, also known as ICC, with Test and One Day International, or ODI, status. As of 24 March 2014, the South African team has played 384 Test matches, winning 140 (36%), losing 129 (34%) and drawing 114 (30%) of its games.

As of 24 March 2014, the South African team has played 498 ODI Matches, winning 307 (61.5%), losing 172 (34.5%), drawing 6 (1.2%) and getting a "No Result" in 13 (2.6%) of its games.

On 28 August 2012 South Africa became the first team to be number 1 in all 3 formats of the game.

References

Cricket clubs
South African people
1889 establishments
19th-century establishments in South Africa
Scotland national cricket team

The Scotland national cricket team is Scotland's team in the game of cricket. They compete in the Clydesdale Bank 40 as the Scottish Saltires.  The Scottish Saltires play their home matches at The Grange, Edinburgh.

They were invited as member of the International Cricket Council in 1994. The team were unable to qualify for the World Cup in 2003.

In 2004 the Scotland cricket team played in the first "ICC Intercontinental Cup". They played against Ireland and the Netherlands to progress to the semi-finals in Sharjah. They won against Kenya in the semi-finals, and then won the Cup by beating Canada in the final. They also competed in that tournament in 2005, but failed to get past the first round.

Scotland played their first One Day International matches outside of World Cups against Pakistan in June 2006, with the European Championship matches against Ireland and the Netherlands during August.

Gordon Drummond has captained the side since 2010, and their coach is Peter Steindl from Australia.

References

Cricket clubs
Sport in Scotland
Greg Cipes

Gregory Michael "Greg" Cipes (born January 4, 1980) is an American actor, voice artist and singer. He has performed in many movies (including The Wild as the voice of Ryan). He has performed in television programs, such as Teen Titans as Beast Boy. He was born in Coral Springs, Florida.

References

1980 births
Living people
American television actors
American movie actors
American voice actors
American video game actors
Actors from Florida
Moondyne Cave

Moondyne Cave is a cave in the southwest of Western Australia. It was discovered by Moondyne Joe in 1881. The cave is eight km north of Augusta. It was open for public tours from 1911 to 1959. In 1992 it was reopened for small groups.

References

Caves of Australia
Geography of Western Australia
Kirby Mass Attack

Kirby Mass Attack is a puzzle platformer game for the Nintendo DS console and is the fourth and last Kirby game for the DS. It was made by HAL Laboratory and published by Nintendo. It was released on August 4, 2011 in Japan, on September 19, 2011 in North America, on October 27, 2011 in Australia, and on October 28, 2011 in Europe.

Plot
One day, Kirby goes for an adventure at the Popopo Islands in Pop Star. When Kirby falls asleep, an evil being named Necrodeus splits Kirby into 10 Kirbys. He then defeats all, but one of the Kirbys. When Kirby wakes up, he notices a star in the sky. The star tells him to follow it so they can defeat Necrodeus. With that, Kirby begins his adventure to defeat Necrodeus and bring himself back together.

Gameplay
In Kirby Mass Attack, the player takes control of up to 10 Kirbys. The player uses these Kirbys to defeat enemies and solve puzzles. This is done with the console's touch screen. The player taps obstacles or enemies to send multiple Kirbys towards them. The player can swipe the touch screen to use the Kirbys as projectile weapons. To get Kirbys, the player has to collect fruit seen in levels. Each level requires a certain number of Kirbys to enter. In some levels, there are puzzles where you need all 10 Kirbys to solve them.

References

2011 video games
Kirby
Platform games
Puzzle video games
Nintendo DS-only games
Video games developed in Japan
Virtual Console games
Fatata Te Miti

Fatata Te Miti (En: By the Sea) is an oil painting by Paul Gauguin. It is dated 1892. It measures 26 3/4 x 36 in. It hangs in the National Gallery of Art, Washington DC. The picture was painted a few months after Gauguin's first arrival in Tahiti. He retreated to the island's interior to live among the natives. Tehura, Gauguin's vahine, probably posed for the female on the right. John Walker writes, "In all his canvases painted in the South Seas, Complementary colorsorange and blue, yellow and violet, green and redat their highest intensities and without modulation of values, are balanced harmoniously against each other, forming beautiful, almost abstract patterns.

References

French paintings
1890s paintings
Paintings in the National Gallery of Art, Washington DC
The Shrimp Girl

The Shrimp Girl is an oil painting by William Hogarth.  It was painted between 1740 and 1745. It measures 63.5 x 52.5 cm. It hangs in the National Gallery, London. The brush work is almost Impressionistic in style. It compares to that of French painter Jean-Honoré Fragonard. Its subject matter resembles the prints of hawkers and traders popular in Hogarth's day.

The painting depicts a woman selling shellfish on the streets of London. This job was typically one for the wives and daughters of fishmongers. The girl balances a large basket of shrimps and mussels on her head. A half-pint pewter pot in the basket is the girl's measuring cup.

The picture is not strictly finished. It was still in Hogarth's estate after his death.  His widow Jane was said to have told visitors, "They say he could not paint flesh. There is flesh and blood for you."  The pictue was only sold after his wife's death in 1789. It first received its title The Shrimp Girl in a Christie's sale catalog.

References 

British paintings
18th-century paintings
Paintings by William Hogarth
Paintings in the National Gallery, London
Richard Klein

Richard G. Klein (born April 11, 1941 in Chicago, Illinois) is an American Professor of Biology and Anthropology at Stanford University. He is the professor in the School of Humanities and Sciences. He earned his PhD at the University of Chicago in 1966, and was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in April 2003. His research interests include paleoanthropology in Africa and Europe.

His publications are about the evoution and archaeology of humans.

2009. The human career: human biological and cultural origins. 3rd ed, University of Chicago Press. 
2002. (with Blake Edgar) The dawn of human culture.  John Wiley. 
1989. (ed, with Paul S. Martin) Quaternary extinctions: a prehistoric revolution. University of Arizona Press.

References

Other websites
three distinct populations
Archeology and the Evolution of Human Behavior
The Ysterfontein 1 Middle Stone Age site, South Africa, and early human exploitation of coastal resources

1941 births
Living people
American paleontologists
Scientists from Chicago
George Clive and his Family with an Indian Maid

This painting, now known as Tysoe Saul Hancock, his wife Philadelphia, their daughter Elizabeth and their Indian maid Clarinda was previously misidentified as George Clive and his Family with an Indian Maid is an oil painting by Joshua Reynolds. It measures 140 cm x 171 cm (67.3 in x 55.1 in). It was painted in 1765. It hangs in the Gemäldegalerie in Berlin. Lord George Clive was cousin of Robert Clive, founder of the empire of British India. He made his fortune there. Clearly the painter found the Indian nurse's depiction his greatest pleasure. 

Paintings by Joshua Reynolds
18th-century paintings
British paintings
1765 works
William Hootkins

William Michael "Hoot" Hootkins (July 5, 1948 – October 23, 2005) was an American actor and comedian who was known for his roles in Raiders of the Lost Ark, Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope, and as Lt. Eckhert in Batman.

Hootkins was born on July 5, 1948 in Dallas, Texas. He studied at Princeton University and at the London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art. He was taken to the FBI because they thought he had something to do with the Assassination of John F. Kennedy.

He was married to Polly Hootkins from 1973 until they divorced in 2005. Then he was married to Carolyn Robb from July 2005 until his death in October 2005.

Hootkins lived in London, England until 2002 when he moved to Los Angeles, California. Hootkins died on October 23, 2005 in Santa Monica, California from pancreatic cancer, aged 57.

References

Other websites

1948 births
2005 deaths
Deaths from pancreatic cancer
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American voice actors
American video game actors
Comedians from Dallas, Texas
American television personalities
Actors from Dallas, Texas
Jason Acuña

Jason Acuña (born May 16, 1973), he is mostly known as Wee-Man, is an American TV host and actor. He is one of the crew members for Jackass and stared in all of its movies.

Acuña was born on May 16, 1973 in Pisa, Italy with a Chilean origin. He was raised in Torrance, California. He studied at North High School.

References

Other websites
 
 Official Website 
 Wee Man and Preston Lacy on Tom Green Live 

1973 births
Living people
Italian movie actors
Chilean movie actors
Chilean television actors
American movie actors
American television actors
American television personalities
Actors from Los Angeles County, California
Naturalized citizens of the United States
People from Pisa
People from Torrance, California
People with dwarfism
Preston Lacy

Preston Lacy (born August 14, 1969) is an American daredevil, actor, and writer. He is known for being one of the cast members of Jackass. He is known for his stunts with Jason Acuña. Lacy was born on August 14, 1969 in Carthage, Missouri.

Movies
Jackass: The Movie (2002)
Jackass: Number Two (2006)
Jackass 2.5 (2007)
Jackass 3D (2010)
Jackass 3.5 (2011)

References

Other websites

Wee Man and Preston Lacy on Tom Green Live 

1969 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
American television personalities
Actors from Missouri
Dave England

Dave England (born December 30, 1969) is an American stunt performer and actor. He is known for his works in Jackass and for all of its movies. England was born in Ventura, California.

Movies
Jackass: The Movie (2002)
Jackass: Number Two (2006)
Jackass 2.5 (2007)
Shred (2008)
Shred 2 (2009)
Jackass 3D (2010)
Jackass 3.5 (2011)

References

Other websites

1969 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
American television personalities
Actors from Sacramento County, California
Stuntmen
Ehren McGhehey

Ehren McGhehey (born November 29, 1976) or Danger Ehren is an American daredevil and actor. He is known for being one of the crew members of Jackass. He has been in all of its movies. McGhehey was born on November 29, 1976 in McMinnville, Oregon.

Movies
 Jackass: The Movie (2002)
 Grind (2003)
 Jackass Number Two (2006)
 Jackass 2.5 (2007)
 Jackass 3D (2010)
 Jackass 3.5 (2011)
 Jackass Forever (2022)

References

Other websites
Official Jackass site 

1976 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
American television personalities
Actors from Oregon
Comedians from Oregon
Chris Pontius

Christopher Andrew "Chris" Pontius (born July 16, 1974) is an American television personality and daredevil and actor. He is one of the crew members for Jackass and for all of its movies. Pontius was born on July 16, 1974 in Pasadena, California. He is married to Claire Nolan.

Movies

References

Other websites
 
 Official Myspace of Chris Pontius

1974 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
American television personalities
Actors from Pasadena, California
Stuntmen
Steve-O

Steve-O (born Stephen Gilchrist Glover; June 13, 1974) is a British-Canadian-American stunt performer, comedian, actor, and TV personality. He is known for being one of the cast members of Jackass.

Steve-O was born on June 13, 1974 in London, England to a Canadian mother and to an American father. He was raised in Darien, Connecticut and in Miami, Florida. Steve-O studied at the University of Miami and at the Ringling Brothers and Barnum & Bailey Clown College. He was in rehab several times.

References

Other websites

 .
 
 Steve-O at MySpace (blog also syndicated on LiveJournal)

1974 births
Living people
Naturalized citizens of the United States
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
American television personalities
American radio personalities
Comedians from Miami, Florida
Actors from London
Actors from Connecticut
Actors from Miami, Florida
Comedians from London
RSGC1

RSGC1 is a massive young open star cluster in the Milky Way galaxy. It was discovered in 2006 in the data from infrared surveys. 

There are 12 red supergiants identified so far. These are massive young stars undergoing helium burning in their cores. There is also one yellow hypergiant, and one intermediate. The cluster is in the constellation Scutum at about 6.6 kpc from the Sun. It is at the intersection of the northern end of the Long Bar of the Milky Way and the inner portion of the Scutum–Centaurus Arm—one of its two major spiral arms.

The age of RSGC1 is estimated at 10–14 million years. The observed red supergiants with the mass of about 16–20 solar masses will become type II supernovas. The cluster is heavily obscured and has not been detected in the visible light. It lies close to other groups of red supergiants known as Stephenson 2, RSGC3 and Alicante 8. The mass of RSGC1 is estimated at 30 thousand solar masses, which makes it one the most massive open clusters in the Galaxy.

References

Open star clusters
Arne Duncan

Arne Duncan (born November 6, 1964) is an American education administrator. He was the United States Secretary of Education from 2009 through 2015. Duncan previously served as CEO of the Chicago Public Schools. He is a Democrat. He supports gay marriage.

Duncan was born on November 6, 1964 in Chicago, Illinois. He studied at Harvard University. Duncan is married to Karen Luann. They have two children. He lived in Arlington, Virginia and in Chicago, Illinois.

References

Other websites

United States Department of Education bio
The Sue Duncan Children's Center

1964 births
Living people
United States Secretaries of Education
US Democratic Party politicians
Politicians from Chicago
Educators from Chicago
James Gammon

Richard Gammon (April 20, 1940 – July 16, 2010) was an American actor and entertainer. He was known for his role as Ulysses S. Grant in Lincoln, Mr. Sutherland in Wyatt Earp, and as Lou Brown in Major League.

Gammon was born on April 20, 1940 in Newman, Illinois. Gammon was married to Nancy Jane Kapusta from 1972 until his death in 2010. Gammon died on July 16, 2010 from adrenal and liver cancer in Costa Mesa, California, aged 70.

References

Other websites
 

1940 births
2010 deaths
Actors from Illinois
American movie actors
American stage actors
American television actors
American television personalities
American voice actors
Cancer deaths in California
Deaths from liver cancer
Bug River

Bug is a name of two rivers in eastern Europe on opposite sides of the European watershed. The (western) Bug flows through western Ukraine, south-western Belarus and Poland. It is 772 km long and empties into the Vistula. The basin of Bug is about 30,420 km2 large.

The Western Bug is the boundary between Poland and Ukraine. It ends in the Narew River near Serock and it is  long, making it the fourth longest river in Poland.

The Southern Bug is another river in Ukraine. Its source is in the west of the country and it flows into the Black Sea. It is  long.

Rivers of Poland
Rivers of Belarus
Rivers of Ukraine
Makoto Sakurai (disambiguation)

Makoto Sakurai may refer to
Makoto Sakurai (Japanese writer) (桜井 誠) an activist of Zaitokukai
Makoto Sakurai (Japanese drummer) (桜井 誠) a member of Dragon Ash
Makoto Sakurai (Japanese mathematician) (桜井 真)
Jodi Rell

Mary Carolyn "Jodi" Rell (born Mary Carolyn Reavis; 16 June 1946) is an American Republican politician.  She was the eighty-seventh Governor of the Connecticut. Rell was Governor from 2004 to 2011. Before that, she was Lieutenant Governor of Connecticut under John G. Rowland. Rowland resigned during a corruption investigation. Rell was the second female Governor of Connecticut, after Ella Grasso. She was replaced in 2010 by Dannel Malloy.

References

Governors of Connecticut
Politicians from Virginia
People from Norfolk, Virginia
1946 births
Living people
Lieutenant Governors of Connecticut
The Graham Children

The Graham Children is an oil painting by William Hogarth. It was painted in 1742. It measures 160.5 × 181 cm (63.2 × 71.3 in). It hangs in the National Gallery, London.

The children are painted life size, surrounded by plush furnishings and fabrics that reflect the family's wealth. A gilded bird cage is suspended from a cord and Thomas sits in an ornate baby cart with a fine silver fruit bowl at his feet. Richard plays a tune on a bird-organ which makes the bird sing.

Details from the picture

Other pictures of Children by William Hogarth

References

British paintings
18th-century paintings
Paintings by William Hogarth
Paintings in the National Gallery, London
Hogarth's Servants

Hogarth's Servants is an oil painting by William Hogarth. It was painted between 1750 and 1755. It shows the faces of six of his servants. It measures 62 × 75 cm (24.4 × 29.5 in). It hangs in the Tate Gallery, London.

The painting shows three men and three women, of different ages. Each person looks in a different direction. The three women all look young, not children but also not old. The men are different ages, from a boy (at the top center), to an adult man (at the bottom center), to an elderly man (at the top right). Ronald Paulson thinks the servants could be a coachman (coach driver), valet (helper), messenger, housekeeper (top housemaid), and two housemaids. The servants are shown in their normal look, in their normal clothes. The painting was painted with love and sensitivity, showing Hogarth's affection for his servants.

British paintings
18th-century paintings
Paintings by William Hogarth
Saint Helier

Saint Helier or St. Helier (; French language: Saint-Hélier , Jèrriais: Saint Hélyi) is one of the twelve parts (called parishes) of Jersey, the largest of the Channel Islands in the English Channel. 33,500 people live in Saint Helier. 33,500 is about 34.2% of the number of people of Jersey. It is the capital of the Island (but Government House is in St. Saviour).

Other websites

 Saint Helier Official Parish website

References

Jersey
Super Bowl XLVII

Super Bowl XLVII (meaning Super Bowl 47 in Roman numerals) was a Super Bowl game in which the Baltimore Ravens, winners of the American Football Conference (AFC) for the 2012 season, beat the San Francisco 49ers, winners of the National Football Conference (NFC) for the 2012 season, 34–31 to become winners of National Football League (NFL) for the 2012 season.

The game was played on February 3, 2013 at the Mercedes-Benz Superdome in New Orleans, Louisiana. The win gave the Ravens their second Super Bowl title and their first since the 2000 NFL season at Super Bowl XXXV. Joe Flacco was named the Super Bowl MVP.

The game was also nicknamed the Harbaugh Bowl, HarBowl and Brother Bowl because it was the first Super Bowl that featured two brothers as opposing head coaches with both Baltimore's John Harbaugh and San Francisco's Jim Harbaugh facing each other.

The game also marked Ray Lewis' last NFL game after he said that he was going to retire from professional football at the end of the 2012 season.

References

047
2013 in sports
Baltimore Ravens
San Francisco 49ers
2010s in New Orleans, Louisiana
2010s in Louisiana
February 2013 events
2013 in the United States
Lloyd Bentsen

Lloyd Bentsen (February 11, 1921 — May 23, 2006) was a Senator from Texas from 1971 to 1993 and was the United States Secretary of the Treasury under the Clinton administration from 1993 to 1994. He was a congressman from Texas from 1948 to 1955. He was also chairman of the Senate Committee on Finance from 1987 to 1993. He was a member of the Democratic Party.

He was the Vice Presidential running mate in the 1988 United States presidential election, but lost to Dan Quayle. He was a member of the Democratic Party. He died on May 23, 2006 in his home in Houston, Texas from a stroke, aged 85.

References

Other websites

Oral History Interview with Lloyd Bentsen, from the Lyndon Baines Johnson Library 

Deaths from stroke
Disease-related deaths in Texas
Politicians from Houston, Texas
United States senators from Texas
1976 United States presidential candidates
United States Secretaries of the Treasury
1921 births
2006 deaths
Lone pair

Electron which remain after Bond formation is called lone pair. A lone pair is a group of two electrons that are not used in any bonds between atoms. They are always in the last shell of an atom, the valence shell. Together with the electrons used in bonding they make up the total number of valence electrons. They are usually high in energy.

A lone pair can be used to form new bonds between molecules. Nucleophiles always have a lone pair that is used to attack an electrophile. Lone pairs are also important for the shape of a molecule. They take more space around an atom than a bonding electron. Lone pairs on a same atom want to be as far away from each other as possible.

Theoretical chemistry
Artemision Zeus

The Artemision Zeus is a Greek bronze statue. It dates to the Early Classical period, ca. 460 BC. It stands 2.09 m in height. It was found in the debris of a shipwreck near Cape Artemision in 1926-1928. It is in the National Museum, Athens. There has been some debate whether the statue represents Zeus or Poseidon. Caroline Houser believes it is unlikely the statue is Poseidon because his trident would obscure the statue's face.

Gallery

References

Ancient Greek bronze sculptures
Ancient Greek and Roman statues
Edwin Jarvis

Jarvis Hopson or Edwin Jarvis is the butler of Tony Stark. He had also appeared in the Spider-Man comics. He has also been a supporting character in The Avengers comics. He sometimes is mistaken with DC Comics butler Alfred Pennyworth because of their background and what they do. He took care of the Start Mansion and Tony after his parents death.

Jarvis is as J.A.R.V.I.S, a robot in Iron Man, Iron Man 2, The Avengers, Iron Man 3 and Avengers: Age of Ultron because Jon Favreau did not want any confusion with Alfred Pennyworth. He is voice by Paul Bettany.

References

Marvel Comics characters
Fictional British people
Nick Fury

Colonel Nicholas Joseph "Nick" Fury is a fictional war hero and spy who helps Marvel heroes such as Hulk, The Fantastic Four, Iron Man, Captain America, Thor, and Spider-Man. He formed two groups one with spies S.H.I.E.L.D. and another one with superheroes The Avengers. He has an eye-patch and uses guns or advanced technology to fight criminals. He used to serve in World War II with Captain America.

Movies and TV
In the Marvel movie versions about some heroes such as Iron Man, Thor, Captain America: the First Avenger, Iron Man 2, Iron Man 3, The Avengers, Captain America: The Winter Soldier, Avengers: Age of Ultron and Spider-Man: Far from Home, he is played by Samuel L. Jackson.

References

Characters created by Stan Lee
Marvel Comics characters
Marvel Comics mutates
Happy Rockefeller

Margaretta Large Fitler Murphy Rockefeller (June 9, 1926 – May 19, 2015), best known as Happy Rockefeller, was the widow of Nelson Aldrich Rockefeller, who was the 41st Vice President of the United States and the Governor of New York. She was the Second Lady of the United States from December 1974 to January 1977. Before she was the Second Lady, she was the First Lady of New York from May 1963 to December 1973.

Life
Her mother was Margaretta Large Harrison and her father was William Wonderly Fitler, Jr., an heir to a cordage fortune. Rockefeller is known by her nickname, "Happy", given when she was a child. She is a great-great-granddaughter of Union general George G. Meade, the commander in the Battle of Gettysburg.

Marriages and family
She married Dr. James Slater Murphy, a virologist associated with Rockefeller Institute who was a close friend to Nelson Rockefeller on December 11, 1945, they divorced on April 1, 1963. They had the following four children, James B. Murphy II, Margaretta Harrison Murphy, Carol Slater Murphy, and Malinda Fitler Murphy, who married Francis Menotti, the adopted son of composer Gian Carlo Menotti.

At the home of Laurance S. Rockefeller in Pocantico Hills, New York, on May 4, 1963, a month after her divorce—which was granted for reasons of what The New York Times called "grievous mental anguish" and her former husband's lawyer called "irreconcilable differences"—she married Gov. Nelson Rockefeller. He had divorced his first wife, Mary Todhunter Clark, on March 16, 1962. Happy and Nelson Rockefeller had two sons: Nelson Rockefeller, Jr. (born 1964) and Mark Rockefeller (born 1967). She previously had worked as a member of his office staff until her resignation in 1961. 

Happy Murphy's involvement with Gov. Rockefeller was controversial at the time. As the British journalist Lady Jeanne Campbell wrote in the London Evening Standard, when the Murphy-Rockefeller involvement became a topic of media investigation after the announcement of Rockefeller's filing for divorce from his first wife and Happy Murphy's resignation from his staff, "Already people are comparing Happy Murphy to the Duchess of Windsor when she was plain Mrs. Simpson." Echoing the party-wide concerns, an official of the Michigan Republican Party told The New York Times that the couple's potential marriage likely would cost Rockefeller the 1964 presidential nomination. "The rapidity of it all—he gets a divorce, she gets a divorce—and the indication of the break-up of two homes. Our country doesn't like broken homes."

Philantrophy
In 1971, Rockefeller served as chairwoman of the board for the Saratoga Performing Arts Center. She was appointed as a public delegate to the United Nations by President George H. W. Bush in 1991.

Health and death
She was a breast cancer survivor who had suffered mastectomy in 1974, two weeks after Betty Ford underwent the same operation. She died of a short-illness at the age of 88.

Related pages

Rockefeller family

References

1926 births
2015 deaths
Breast cancer survivors
Disease-related deaths in New York
People from New York City
Rockefeller family
Second Ladies of the United States
Hydra (constellation)

Hydra is a constellation that has parts in the northern sky and parts in the southern sky.  It is the biggest constellation.  It represents a water snake.  The astronomer named Ptolemy listed Hydra when he made a list of 48 constellations.  It is also one of the 88 modern constellations that were made by the International Astronomical Union.

Even though Hydra is a very big constellation, it only has one bright star.  This star is named Alphard.  Alphard means "the solitary one" in Arabic. Hydra actually has little to identify it exept for a cluster of stars at its head.

References 

Constellations
Constellations listed by Ptolemy
Captain Tsubasa

Captain Tsubasa (キャプテン翼 Kyaputen Tsubasa?), also known as Flash Kicker, or Captain Majid in Arab speaking countries, is a popular long-running Japanese manga, animation, and video game series, originally created by Yōichi Takahashi in 1981. The series mainly revolves around the sport of Association football.

Description 
The Captain Tsubasa manga series was originally serialized in Shueisha's Weekly Shōnen Jump comic book magazine between 1981 and 1988, spanning a total of 37-tankōbon volumes. It was continued onto a sequel, Captain Tsubasa: "World Youth" Saga, which was serialized between 1994 and 1997 in Shōnen Jump, spanning 18 volumes, and another sequel, entitled Captain Tsubasa: Road to 2002, which was serialized between 2001 and 2004 in Weekly Young Jump, which spanned 15 volumes. The latest sequel entitled Captain Tsubasa: Kaigai Gekito Hen En La Liga, serialized in Weekly Young Jump from 2010 to 2012.

1994 manga
Anime
Sports television series
Sports video games
Japanese television series
2001 anime television series
Hang gliding

Hang gliding is a sport which involves soaring in a very small aircraft without an engine.

Related pages
Paraglider

Sports
Pitchfork

A pitchfork is a tool used in farming. It is similar to a garden fork, made of metal or another hard material, with three or more pointed ends. Its long handle, made of wood or hard plastic, is for use while standing. It is usually about the same size as a shovel. It is used to move hay and other materials.

Farming tools
Herbert Boyer

Herbert W. Boyer (born July 10, 1936 in Derry, Pennsylvania) received the 1990 National Medal of Science, and is a co-founder of Genentech. He served as Vice President of Genentech from 1976 until his retirement in 1991.

With Stanley Cohen, he did possibly the first piece of genetic engineering.

Career 
Boyer was a Professor of Biochemistry from 1976 to 1991, where he discovered that genes from bacteria could be combined with genes from eukaryotes. In 1977, Boyer's laboratory and collaborators described the first-ever synthesis and expression of a peptide-coding gene. In August 1978, he produced synthetic insulin using his new transgenic genetically modified bacteria, followed in 1979 by a growth hormone.

In 1976, Boyer founded Genentech with venture capitalist Robert A. Swanson.  Genentech's approach to the first synthesis of insulin beat Walter Gilbert's approach at Biogen which used genes from natural sources. Boyer built his gene from its individual nucleotides. 

In 1990 April, Boyer and his wife Grace gave the single largest donation ($10,000,000) bestowed on the Yale School of Medicine by an individual. The Boyer Center for Molecular Medicine was named after the Boyer family in 1991.

In 2007, St. Vincent College announced that they had renamed the School of Natural Science, Mathematics, and Computing the Herbert W. Boyer School.

Among his professional activities, Boyer is on the Board of Scientific Governors of The Scripps Research Institute.

Awards
1980 the Albert Lasker Award for Basic Medical Research
1989 the National Medal of Technology
1990 the National Medal of Science from President George H. W. Bush
2009 CSHL Double Helix Medal Honoree

References

1936 births
American biochemists
American civil rights activists
Living people
Scientists from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Thomas Wolfe

Thomas Clayton Wolfe (October 3, 1900 – September 15, 1938) was an American writer from North Carolina. He wrote Look Homeward, Angel and You Can't Go Home Again.

Writers from North Carolina
1900 births
1938 deaths
Park Gyu-su

Park Gyu-su (korean:박규수, hanja:朴珪壽, 1807 – 1877) was a Korean politician, Silhak and Neo-Confucianism philosopher, thinker, and liberal activist. One of his pennames was Hwanjae. His grandfather was Park Ji-won, a famous Silhak and Neo-Confucianism philosopher and novelist.

Writing 
 Hwanjaejip (환재집 瓛齋集)
 Hwanjaejikgye (환재직계 瓛齋織啓)
 Hangjaesugye (환재수계 瓛齋繡啓)
 Geogajapbokgo (거가잡복고 居家雜服攷)

1807 births
1877 deaths
Korean educators
South Korean politicians
Autobiographers
Korean writers
Susana Martinez

Susana Martinez (born July 14, 1959) is an American politician who served as the thirty-first Governor of New Mexico. She was the first female governor of New Mexico and the first female Hispanic governor in the United States. Martinez was a Democrat before the mid 1990s, around which time she became a Republican.

Martinez is from El Paso, Texas.

References

1959 births
Living people
American Roman Catholics
Governors of New Mexico
Politicians from El Paso, Texas
US Republican Party politicians
21st-century American politicians
Kirby's Epic Yarn

Kirby's Epic Yarn is a platformer video game for the Nintendo Wii console. It was developed by HAL Laboratory and published by Nintendo. It was released in Japan on October 14, 2010, in North America on October 17, 2010, in Australia on February 24, 2011, and in Europe on February 25, 2011.

The game was ported to Nintendo 3DS in March 2019 as Kirby's Extra Epic Yarn which was last Kirby game for the system.

Plot
One day, Kirby finds a tomato and eats it. While doing so, an evil being named Yin-Yarn takes Kirby into Patch Land, a place made out of yarn. There, Kirby's body becomes yarn. Kirby also has the ability to transform. This was given to Kirby by the tomato he ate earlier. Kirby uses this ability to rescue a boy named Prince Fluff. Prince Fluff says that Yin-Yarn broke Patch Land into different pieces that were held together by magic yarn. Kirby has to help him find the pieces of the magic yarn to restore Patch Land to normal.

Gameplay
In Kirby's Epic Yarn, Kirby does not have his inhale ability. Instead, Kirby has a whip-like attack. Kirby can use it both to attack enemies and turn them into yarn. Kirby can also no longer float in air with his breath. Instead, he transforms into an parachute. Kirby can also transform into a car and a dolphin. The car makes Kirby faster, while the dolphin allows him to go underwater.

Each level has three treasure chests to collect. There are also colored beads, which increases the player's score. Having a high score earns medals. The chests and medals unlock extra levels. Beads can be used to purchase furniture and wallpapers. These can be used to change Kirby's living space.

Unlike the other Kirby games, Kirby does not have health or lives. If Kirby is damaged or falls into a bottomless pit, he loses some of his beads.

References

2010 video games
2019 video games
Kirby
Wii games
Wii U games
Nintendo 3DS games
Platform games
Shizuka Gozen

Shizuka Gozen (1165–1211), or Lady Shizuka, was one of the most famous women in Japanese history and literature. She was a shirabyōshi (court dancer) of the 12th century, and a mistress of Minamoto no Yoshitsune. Since she, like many others, are featured largely in the Heike Monogatari (Tale of Heike), Gikeiki (Chronicle of Yoshitsune), and a number of plays of various traditions, her story is quite well known, but it is difficult to separate fact from fiction within it.

1165 births
1211 deaths
Japanese people
Dancers
Empress Genshō

Empress Genshō (683 – May 22, 748) was the 44th monarch of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession. Genshō ruled during the years 715 to 724.

In the history of Japan, Genshō was the fifth of eight women to take on the role of empress regnant, meaning that she was the ruler in her own right and not a ruler because she was a married to a ruler. 

Genshō was the only Japanese empress regnant to get her title from another empress regnant, rather than a previous male ruler.

Related pages
 Japanese empresses

References

683 births
748 deaths
Emperors of Japan
Hōjō Masako

Hōjō Masako (1156 – August 16, 1225) was the eldest child of Hōjō Tokimasa by his wife Hōjō no Maki, the first shikken, or ruler, of the Kamakura shogunate. She was the sister of Hōjō Yoshitoki, and was married to Minamoto no Yoritomo, the first shogun of the Kamakura period. She was also the mother of Minamoto no Yoriie and Minamoto no Sanetomo, the second and third shoguns.

1156 births
1225 deaths
Japanese people
Empress Gemmei

Empress Gemmei (660 – December 29, 721), also known as Empress Genmyō, was the 43rd monarch of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession.

Related pages 
 Japanese empresses
 Heijō-kyō
 Kojiki

References 

660 births
721 deaths
Emperors of Japan
Izumi Shikibu

Izumi Shikibu (b. 976?) was a mid-Heian period Japanese poet. She is a member of the Thirty-six Medieval Poetry Immortals. She lived in the same time period of Murasaki Shikibu and Akazome Emon at the court of empress Joto Mon'in.

970s births
11th-century deaths
Japanese poets
Mochizuki Chiyome

Mochizuki Chiyome （望月千代女） is a name of female ninja who did not exist. Although some non-academic books claim that  Chiyome existed in Sengoku period, she did not exist in fact, according to Katuya YoshimaruY17; He is an associate professor of Mie University and studies ninja.

According to Yoshimaru, the name of Chiyome was appeared first time  in 1971 at a book "考証日本史"("Investigation of Japanese history"); this book was written by non-academic writer 稲垣史生(Shisei Inagaki)Y17.

References
 [Y17] 

Japanese people
2013 Alabama bunker hostage crisis

On January 29, 2013, a five-year-old boy was taken hostage for almost seven days in Dale County, Alabama, in the United States. The boy, Ethan, was riding to school on a bus. A 65-year-old Vietnam War veteran named Jimmy Lee Dykes came aboard the bus and killed the driver. Dykes took Ethan to an underground bunker on his property, in the Wiregrass Region near U.S. Highway 231.

On the afternoon of Monday, February 4, after negotiations with Dykes had failed and believing the child was going to be hurt very soon, law enforcement agents raided the bunker. The abductor was shot dead. Ethan, who suffers from Asperger's syndrome, was rescued.

Neighbors and officials had described Dykes as a survivalist with "anti-government" views.

References

2013 murders in the United States
21st century in Alabama
Essie Mae Washington-Williams

Essie Mae Washington-Williams (October 12, 1925 – February 4, 2013) was an American school teacher. She is best known as the oldest and natural child of Strom Thurmond, Governor of South Carolina and longtime United States Senator. 

In 2003, she came forward and announced that she was the daughter of United States Senator, Strom Thurmond. Williams said that Thurmond paid for her college. She was nominated for a Pulitzer Prize.

Early life
Williams was born on October 12, 1925 in Edgefield, South Carolina to Strom Thurmond and his family's 16-year-old African American servant, Carrie Butler. She studied at New York University and the University of South Carolina.

Marriage and family
Williams was married to Julius T. Williams from 1948 until his death in 1964. They had four children.

Death
Williams died on February 4, 2013 in her home in Columbia, South Carolina. She was 87.

References

Other websites
Gross, Terry, "'Dear Senator', from Strom Thurmond's Daughter", Interview, National Public Radio, February 1, 2005.
Rather, Dan, "Essie Mae Washington-Williams" , Interview, CBS 60 Minutes II, December 17, 2003
"South Carolina: Biracial Child Added To Thurmond Monument", New York Times, June 29, 2004
More about Essie Mae Washington-Williams , Frank Wheaton Official Website

1925 births
2013 deaths
African American writers
American teachers
Deaths from natural causes
New York University alumni
Writers from South Carolina
Educators from South Carolina
Roger Bacon

Roger Bacon (c. 1214–1294) was an English philosopher and Franciscan friar who placed considerable emphasis on the study of nature through empirical methods. He is sometimes credited, mainly starting in the 19th century, as one of the earliest European advocates of the modern scientific method inspired by the works of Aristotle and later Arabic works, such as the works of Muslim scientist Alhazen.

However, more recent studies emphasize that he was essentially a medieval thinker, with much of his "experimental" knowledge obtained from books, in the scholastic tradition. A survey of the reception of Bacon's work over centuries found that it often reflects the concerns and controversies central to the receivers.

Life

Roger Bacon was educated at Oxford University. He studied modern science, theology, and philosophy. His family was rich, which helped pay for the many experiments he conducted. After lecturing at Oxford he moved to Paris to learn and study. Bacon was one of the first people to teach about Aristotle in Paris. During his time he wrote a book named On the Marvelous Power of art and nature. He wrote a long list of inventions he had in mind, naming steamships, telescope, eye glasses, and microscopes. 

He was apparently so intently concentrated in his experiments and he had an aggressive personality, he was known to be socially awkward. In 1247 he stopped teaching because of bad health and proceeded to study, experiment, and become a friar. Years later, he was sent to a monastery because of upsetting fellow friars and superiors. He was there for about 10 years, and was unable to conduct experiments and studies. He was then sponsored by Pope Clement IV, but shortly after the Pope’s death in 1278 Bacon was accused of being a “magician”. He was imprisoned in a convent in Paris for 12 years, until 1292. He died around 1294 when he was about 80 years old.

References 

1214 births
1294 deaths
English philosophers
English Roman Catholics
Franciscans