cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Jethro Tull (agriculturist)

Jethro Tull (1674-1741) was an agricultural engineer from England who helped start the British Agricultural Revolution. He helped improve the seed drill, which is a tool that put seeds in the ground to plant them faster. This seed drill was normally pulled by a horse or strong cattle. Jethro was one of the most influential engineers of this century. He began these inventions and soon after the economy thrived. The seed drill spaced out the seeds as well to keep the plants growing. In 1703 he perfected the seed drill, and the farmers in England began to use it. A short while after, Welsh farmers were introduced to this new machinery.

1674 births
1741 deaths
English scientists
Carrier sense multiple access with collision detection

Carrier sense multiple access with collision detection or CSMA/CD is a protocol (or rule) used by computer ethernet networks. It stops computers from sending information on the same ethernet wire at the same time. With this rule, a computer will check that the wire is not being used before it sends information. This ability to check is called "carrier sense." This rule is used when many computers can use the same connection. This is called "multiple access." If computers do send information at exactly the same time, the computers can tell a mistake has been made and stop sending. This is called "collision detection." When this collision occurs, the computers stop sending information, wait for a random amount of time, and then check before resending the information.

Other websites
 Top Bits

Computer networking

zh:载波侦听多路访问#CSMA/CD
Crash Test Dummy

A crash test dummy is a test device ( commonly abbreviated 'ATD') that is made to be close to the same shape, size, heaviness, proportions and articulation of the human body. They sometimes have equipment embedded in them that measures data about how hard things are hitting it and how fast the ATD is moving around. ATDs have many applications but are commonly used in simulated (test) car crashes to see how safe the cars are for people when they crash.

Robots
Parides montezuma

Montezuma's Cattleheart (Parides montezuma) is a species of butterfly.  It belongs in the family Papilionidae.  It is found in North America and South America.

Description
The upper side of the wings is black.  The hind wing (bottom wing) has one row of red crescents along the edge.  The underside of the wings is black.  The hind wing has a row of red crescents like the ones on the upper side.

Host plants
Here is a list of host plants used by Montezuma's Cattleheart. (The host plant is the plant that the caterpillar feeds on.):

 Aristolochia acanthophylla
 Aristolochia foetida - Jalisco Dutchman's Pipe
 Aristolochia grandiflora - Pelican Flower
 Aristolochia micrantha
 Aristolochia orbicularis

References

Other websites

 Larval food plant information sorted by plant

m
Parides alopius

The white-dotted cattleheart (Parides alopius) a species of butterfly.  It is in the family Papilionidae.

It is endemic to Mexican.  It has also been found once in the United States in southeastern Arizona.

Description
The upper side of the wings is black.  The hind wing (bottom wing) has two rows of spots.  The first row is white.  The second row is pink.  Males have fewer white spots than females.  The underside of the wings is similar to the upper side.  The row of pink spots on the underside are more noticeable than the pink spots on the upper side.  It has a wingspan of 3-3.5 inches.

Life cycle 
The caterpillar is ringed with black and white bands.  It has yellow and reddish-brown fleshy areas.  Each side of the body has red, orange, and white spots.  The chrysalis is a blue-green color.  The head, parts of the thorax, and the abdomen are a bright yellow-green color. It is not known whether the chrysalis has a brown form or not.  The chrysalis has a similar shape to that of the pipevine swallowtail's (Battus philenor) chrysalis.

The imago (adult) is seen from March-November. It lives in pine-oak forests.

Host plants 
The only known host plant the caterpillar feeds on is Watson's pipevine (Aristolochia watsoni).

References

Other websites

Parides alopius at Butterflies and Moths 
Parides alopius at Mexican Butterflies

a
Innocence (Avril Lavigne song)

Innocence is a song by written by Avril Lavigne with Evan Taubenfeld, featured on her third studio album The Best Damn Thing.

Charts

References

Avril Lavigne songs
Unwanted (Avril Lavigne song)

Unwanted is a song by Avril Lavigne and was released on her first studio album Let Go. It was released as a radio single. The song is known for its very heavy guitar. It was one of the four songs released on her 2003 EP The Angus Drive EP.

References 

Avril Lavigne songs
2004 songs
Angus Drive

The Angus Drive EP is an EP that was released in 2003 by Canadian singer Avril Lavigne and it contains songs that were already released on her 2002 album Let Go.

Song list 
 "Sk8er Boi" 3:25
 "Unwanted" 3:42
 "Losing Grip" 3:54
 "Complicated" 4:05

References 

Avril Lavigne albums
2003 albums
Pop albums
Punk albums
Rock albums
Keisuke Mori

Keisuke Mori (born 17 April 1980) is a former Japanese football player.

Club career statistics

|-
|1999||rowspan="6"|Sagan Tosu||rowspan="6"|J. League 2||0||0||0||0||1||0||1||0
|-
|2000||6||0||0||0||0||0||6||0
|-
|2001||13||1||2||0||1||0||16||1
|-
|2002||15||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||15||0
|-
|2003||17||2||0||0||colspan="2"|-||17||2
|-
|2004||0||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||0||0
|-
|2004||ALO's Hokuriku||Football League||3||0||||||colspan="2"|-||3||0
|-
|2006||Mito Hollyhock||J. League 2||12||0||||||colspan="2"|-||12||0
66||3||2||0||2||0||70||3
66||3||2||0||2||0||70||3
|}

References

1980 births
Living people
Footballers from Saga Prefecture
Silva Jose Reinaldo Fernandes

Silva Jose Reinaldo Fernandes (born 28 December 1976) is a former Brazilian football player.

Club career statistics

|-
|2000||Shonan Bellmare||J. League 2||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|2000||Tokyo Verdy||J. League 1||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|}

References

1967 births
Living people
Brazilian footballers
Thomas Bickel

Thomas Bickel (born 6 October 1963) is a former Swiss football player. He played for Switzerland national team.

Club career statistics

|-
|1984/85||Biel-Bienne||Nationalliga B||29||6
|-
|1985/86||rowspan="3"|Zürich||rowspan="3"|Nationalliga A||30||3
|-
|1986/87||29||8
|-
|1987/88||33||8
|-
|1988/89||rowspan="7"|Grasshopper Zürich||rowspan="7"|Nationalliga A||24||2
|-
|1989/90||30||2
|-
|1990/91||33||1
|-
|1991/92||31||7
|-
|1992/93||32||3
|-
|1993/94||29||7
|-
|1994/95||19||2

|-
|1995||rowspan="3"|Vissel Kobe||rowspan="2"|Football League||25||6
|-
|1996||30||12
|-
|1997||J. League 1||20||3
319||49
75||21
394||70
|}

International career statistics

|-
|1986||5||1
|-
|1987||6||0
|-
|1988||5||0
|-
|1989||1||0
|-
|1990||4||1
|-
|1991||7||0
|-
|1992||5||1
|-
|1993||3||0
|-
|1994||11||2
|-
|1995||5||0
|-
!Total||52||5
|}

References

1963 births
Living people
Swiss footballers
Chris Birchall

Chris Birchall (born 5 May 1984) is a Trinidad and Tobago football player. He plays for Los Angeles Galaxy and Trinidad and Tobago national team.

Club career statistics

|-
|2001/02||rowspan="5"|Port Vale||rowspan="3"|Second Division||1||0||0||0||1||0||2||0
|-
|2002/03||2||0||0||0||0||0||2||0
|-
|2003/04||10||0||3||0||0||0||13||0
|-
|2004/05||rowspan="2"|League One||34||6||2||0||1||0||37||6
|-
|2005/06||31||1||3||1||1||0||35||2
|-
|2006/07||Coventry City||League Championship||28||2||1||0||1||0||30||2

|-
|2007/08||St. Mirren||Premier League||9||0||0||0||0||0||9||0

|-
|2007/08||Coventry City||League Championship||1||0||1||0||1||0||3||0
|-
|2008/09||Carlisle United||League One||2||0||0||0||0||0||2||0
|-
|2008/09||Brighton & Hove Albion||League One||9||0||0||0||0||0||9||0

|-
|2009||rowspan="2"|Los Angeles Galaxy||rowspan="2"|Major League Soccer||9||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||9||0
|-
|2010||||||||||||||||
118||9||10||1||5||0||133||10
9||0||0||0||0||0||9||0
9||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||9||0
136||9||10||1||5||0||151||10
|}

International career statistics

|-
|2005||14||2
|-
|2006||11||2
|-
|2007||0||0
|-
|2008||6||0
|-
|2009||5||0
|-
!Total||36||4
|}

References

1984 births
Living people
Trinidad and Tobago footballers
Sami Al-Jaber

Sami Al-Jaber (born 11 December 1972) is a former Saudi Arabian football player. He has played for Saudi Arabia national team.

Club career statistics

|-
|2000/01||Wolverhampton Wanderers||First Division||4||0||0||0||1||0||5||0
4||0||0||0||1||0||5||0
4||0||0||0||1||0||5||0
|}

International career statistics

|-
|1992||15||0
|-
|1993||19||2
|-
|1994||19||8
|-
|1995||7||2
|-
|1996||16||3
|-
|1997||17||6
|-
|1998||11||4
|-
|1999||1||0
|-
|2000||11||2
|-
|2001||18||9
|-
|2002||10||3
|-
|2003||0||0
|-
|2004||0||0
|-
|2005||8||3
|-
|2006||11||2
|-
!Total||163||44
|}

References

1972 births
Living people
Saudi Arabian footballers
People from Riyadh
Tobias Linderoth

Tobias Linderoth (born 21 April 1979) is a Swedish football player. He has played for Sweden national team.

Club career statistics

|-
|1995||Hässleholm||Division 1||7||0
|-
|1996||rowspan="3"|Elfsborg||Division 1||10||0
|-
|1997||rowspan="2"|Allsvenskan||25||1
|-
|1998||22||3

|-
|1999||rowspan="3"|Stabæk||rowspan="3"|Premier League||23||3
|-
|2000||24||4
|-
|2001||21||2

|-
|2001/02||rowspan="3"|Everton||rowspan="3"|Premier League||8||0
|-
|2002/03||5||0
|-
|2003/04||27||0

|-
|2004/05||rowspan="3"|Copenhagen||rowspan="3"|Superliga||29||0
|-
|2005/06||29||1
|-
|2006/07||24||3

|-
|2007/08||rowspan="3"|Galatasaray||rowspan="3"|Süper Lig||7||0
|-
|2008/09||2||0
|-
|2009/10||||
64||7
68||9
40||0
72||4
9||0
253||20
|}

International career statistics

|-
|1999||1||0
|-
|2000||2||0
|-
|2001||13||1
|-
|2002||12||0
|-
|2003||3||0
|-
|2004||14||0
|-
|2005||10||0
|-
|2006||11||0
|-
|2007||7||0
|-
|2008||3||1
|-
!Total||76||2
|}

References

1979 births
Living people
Swedish footballers
Marcus Allbäck

Marcus Allbäck (born 5 July 1973) is a Swedish football player. He has played for Sweden national team.

Club career statistics

|-
|1992||rowspan="6"|Örgryte||Division 2||24||10
|-
|1993||Allsvenskan||20||4
|-
|1994||Division 1||25||19
|-
|1995||rowspan="3"|Allsvenskan||22||4
|-
|1996||24||8
|-
|1997||22||9

|-
|1997/98||Lyngby||Superliga||4||1

|-
|1997/98||Bari||Serie A||16||0

|-
|1998||rowspan="3"|Örgryte||rowspan="3"|Allsvenskan||12||3
|-
|1999||26||15
|-
|2000||26||16

|-
|2000/01||rowspan="2"|Heerenveen||rowspan="2"|Eredivisie||16||10
|-
|2001/02||32||15

|-
|2002/03||rowspan="2"|Aston Villa||rowspan="2"|Premier League||20||5
|-
|2003/04||14||1

|-
|2004/05||Hansa Rostock||Bundesliga||23||4

|-
|2005/06||rowspan="3"|Old School||rowspan="3"|Tabard Gardens||30||15
|-
|2006/07||26||11
|-
|2007/08||29||8

|-
|2008||rowspan="3"|IFK Gothenburg||Superettan||12||6
|-
|2009||Allsvenskan||18||3
|-
|2010||Superettan||||
241||97
89||35
16||0
48||25
34||6
23||4
441||1674
|}

International career statistics

|-
|1999||1||0
|-
|2000||4||1
|-
|2001||9||6
|-
|2002||13||4
|-
|2003||9||5
|-
|2004||11||7
|-
|2005||7||0
|-
|2006||9||4
|-
|2007||7||3
|-
|2008||4||0
|-
!Total||74||30
|}

References

1973 births
Living people
Swedish footballers
People from Gothenburg
Markus Rosenberg

Markus Rosenberg (born 27 September 1982) is a Swedish football player. He plays for Werder Bremen and Sweden national team.

Club career statistics 

|-
|2001||rowspan="3"|Malmö FF||rowspan="3"|Allsvenskan||13||1
|-
|2002||11||0
|-
|2003||16||3
|-
|2004||Halmstad||Allsvenskan||26||14
|-
|2005||Malmö FF||Allsvenskan||12||4

|-
|2005/06||rowspan="2"|Ajax||rowspan="2"|Eredivisie||31||12
|-
|2006/07||9||0

|-
|2006/07||rowspan="4"|Werder Bremen||rowspan="4"|Bundesliga||14||8
|-
|2007/08||30||14
|-
|2008/09||29||7
|-
|2009/10||||
78||22
40||12
73||29
191||63
|}

International career statistics 

|-
|2005||6||3
|-
|2006||6||1
|-
|2007||7||2
|-
|2008||7||0
|-
|2009||4||0
|-
!Total||30||6
|}

References 

1982 births
Living people
Swedish footballers
People from Malmo
Marcelo Miguel Pelissari

Marcelo Miguel Pelissari (born 20 August 1975) is a former Brazilian football player.

Club career statistics

|-
|1995||rowspan="2"|Shimizu S-Pulse||rowspan="2"|J. League 1||5||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||5||0
|-
|1996||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
5||0||0||0||0||0||5||0
5||0||0||0||0||0||5||0
|}

References

1975 births
Living people
Brazilian footballers
Richard Dutruel

Richard Dutruel (born 24 December 1972) is a former French football player. He has played for France national team.

Club career statistics

|-
|1991/92||rowspan="2"|Paris Saint-Germain||rowspan="2"|Division 1||4||0
|-
|1992/93||0||0
|-
|1993/94||rowspan="2"|Caen||rowspan="2"|Division 1||30||0
|-
|1994/95||38||0
|-
|1995/96||Paris Saint-Germain||Division 1||6||0

|-
|1996/97||rowspan="4"|Celta Vigo||rowspan="4"|La Liga||36||0
|-
|1997/98||36||0
|-
|1998/99||37||0
|-
|1999/00||19||0
|-
|2000/01||rowspan="2"|Barcelona||rowspan="2"|La Liga||15||0
|-
|2001/02||0||0
|-
|2002/03||Deportivo Alavés||La Liga||33||0

|-
|2003/04||Strasbourg||Ligue 1||24||0
102||0
176||0
278||0
|}

International career statistics

|-
|2000||1||0
|-
!Total||1||0
|}

References

1972 births
Living people
French footballers
Association football goalkeepers
Masahiko Nakagawa

Masahiko Nakagawa (born 26 August 1969) is a former Japanese football player.

Club career statistics

|-
|1992||rowspan="4"|Yokohama Flügels||rowspan="4"|J. League 1||colspan="2"|-||2||0||4||0||6||0
|-
|1993||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|1994||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|1995||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||0||0
|-
|1995||rowspan="3"|Yokohama Marinos||rowspan="3"|J. League 1||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||0||0
|-
|1996||16||0||1||0||1||0||18||0
|-
|1997||0||0||0||0||6||0||6||0
|-
|1998||rowspan="3"|Kyoto Purple Sanga||rowspan="3"|J. League 1||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|1999||0||0||0||0||1||0||1||0
|-
|2000||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|2000||Nagoya Grampus Eight||J. League 1||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|2001||rowspan="2"|Kyoto Purple Sanga||J. League 2||29||0||0||0||2||0||31||0
|-
|2002||J. League 1||1||0||0||0||0||0||1||0
46||0||3||0||14||0||63||0
46||0||3||0||14||0||63||0
|}

References

1969 births
Living people
Footballers from Osaka Prefecture
Japanese association football goalkeepers
People from Osaka
Masao Kiba

Masao Kiba (born 6 September 1974) is a retired Japanese football player.

Club career statistics

|-
|1993||rowspan="12"|Gamba Osaka||rowspan="12"|J. League 1||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|1994||4||0||0||0||0||0||4||0
|-
|1995||28||0||4||0||colspan="2"|-||32||0
|-
|1996||22||1||3||0||13||0||38||1
|-
|1997||9||0||3||0||5||0||17||0
|-
|1998||21||0||1||0||0||0||22||0
|-
|1999||26||0||2||0||3||0||31||0
|-
|2000||23||0||4||0||2||0||29||0
|-
|2001||30||0||2||0||2||0||34||0
|-
|2002||30||0||2||0||8||0||40||0
|-
|2003||28||0||2||0||4||0||34||0
|-
|2004||2||0||1||0||0||0||3||0
|-
|2005||Avispa Fukuoka||J. League 2||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||0||0
|-
|2006||rowspan="2"|Valiente Toyama||rowspan="2"|Regional Leagues||13||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||13||0
|-
|2007||6||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||6||0
|-
|2007||Mi-O Biwako Kusatsu||Regional Leagues||3||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||3||0
245||1||24||0||37||0||306||1
245||1||24||0||37||0||306||1
|}

References

1974 births
Living people
Footballers from Hyōgo Prefecture
Foraminifera

Foraminifera or forams, as they are called, are an important group of tiny single-celled rhizarian eukaryotes. They are mostly marine, though a few live in fresh-water, and even on damp land areas. In the sea, they live both in the plankton (pelagic), and in the deeper water (the benthos). They have tests (like shells) made of calcium carbonate (CaCO3).

The organism has pseudopodia like an amoeba. It uses these to capture and eat bacteria and small diatoms. Also, many of them keep algal endosymbionts. Some are idioplastic, which means they eat the algae, but keep the algal chloroplasts for their own benefit.

Forams are often used to date strata in palaeontology. The detailed record of forams from deep sea drilling projects are the basis of a fossil index for geological periods or stages. This is called biostratigraphy.

Deep sea forams from the Mariana Trench are below the carbonate compensation depth, below which all CaCO3 dissolves. They have evolved organic tests, instead of calcium carbonate ones. This suggests that the tests are a vital part of their life-style, perhaps protecting them from other micro-predators.

References 

Fossils
Protista
Take Me Away (Avril Lavigne song)

Take Me Away is a song by Canadian singer Avril Lavigne from her second album, Under My Skin. Like the single before it (Losing Grip), Take Me Away has an edgy, post-grunge sound and started playing on Canadian rock radio in March of 2004. At around the same time that Don't Tell Me was being promoted, as the lead single from Under My Skin, Take Me Away was being released as the B-side on some copies of the "Don't Tell Me" single. 

Take Me Away was released to radio only in Australia in 2005.

References 

Avril Lavigne songs
2004 songs
Strata

Strata are layers of rock, or sometimes soil. In nature, strata come in many layers. It is a term in sedimentary and historical geology; the singular is stratum.  The study of strata is called stratigraphy.

These layers are laid down as sediment, often in the sea, and are slowly changed by pressure, heat and chemical action into rocks. 

The strata are often typical of a particular time and place, and allow geologists to relate rocks in different places. For instance, chalk was laid down in the Upper Cretaceous period, and consists mainly of the remains of microscopic algae called coccoliths.

In normal strata, the later strata are laid down on earlier strata in horizontal layers. In the long passage of time, sedimentary rocks may get deformed by huge forces in the Earth: volcanism, orogeny (mountain building) or other causes. Then it requires research to work out what has happened to the strata.

When strata rise above sea level they get worn down by erosion, such as weather. This causes gaps in the sequence of strata, which may have risen and sunk many times in Earth history. These gaps are called unconformities in geological jargon.

Cycles 

In many formations of strata there are repeating patterns. For example, clay layers alternate with sandstone layers; or carbonate layers alternate with shales. This is usually caused by repeating cycles of climate. In warmer times the sea rises, and carbonate rocks are deposited in shallow subtropical seas. Later, ice builds up at the poles and the sea level drops. Then the same area is close to shore, and gets sand and mud washed down by rivers. 

Rocks showing repeat patterns of strata are called rhythmites. Sometimes the patterns are caused by annual climate changes. Geologists call those varves.

Gallery 

Geology
Earth sciences
Live Acoustic (Avril Lavigne EP)

Live Acoustic EP is an EP that was released in 2004 by Canadian singer Avril Lavigne. It was made up of songs from her 2004 album, Under My Skin, and her hit single "Sk8er Boi" from her 2002 album Let Go.

It is an acoustic album that was only released in United States Target stores. All the songs were recorded live during Avril's North American mall tour.

Song listing 
"He Wasn't"(Live Acoustic) - 3:16 
"My Happy Ending"(Live Acoustic) - 3:56 
"Sk8er Boi"(Live Acoustic) - 3:37 
"Don't Tell Me"(Live Acoustic) - 3:38 
"Take Me Away"(Live Acoustic) - 2:55 
"Nobody's Home"(Live Acoustic) - 3:42

References 

Avril Lavigne songs

en:Avril Lavigne discography#Extended plays
Sarah Vaughan

Sarah Lois Vaughan (March 27, 1924  – April 3, 1990) was an American jazz singer. She was described by jazz writer Scott Yanow as having "one of the most wondrous voices of the 20th century". She had a contralto (alto) vocal range.

Vaghan had the nicknames "Sassy" and "The Divine One", and she was a Grammy Award winner. The National Endowment for the Arts gave her its "highest honor in jazz," the NEA Jazz Masters Award, in 1989.

Other websites 

1924 births
1990 deaths
American jazz singers
Singers from New Jersey
Gish

Gish is the first album of the alternative rock group The Smashing Pumpkins. It was released on May 28, 1991.

Track listing

I Am One
Siva
Rhinocerous
Bury Me
Crush
Suffer
Snail
Tristessa
Window Paine
Daydream
I'm Going Crazy (hidden song)

1991 albums
Debut albums
Rock albums
Maureen Tucker

Maureen ("Mo" or "Moe") Tucker (born August 26, 1944 in Levittown, New York) is an American musician, best known as the drummer for the Velvet Underground, a band from the 1960s and early 1970s.

Tucker worked in a factory during the day, but played drums as a hobby. Two of her brother Jim's friends were college , Lou Reed and Sterling Morrison, who had started a band. (Jim gave the band its name, after he brought them a copy of a book titled The Velvet Underground.) When their drummer suddenly quit, she was asked to fill in for him. She did so, and ended up staying with the band full-time. She left her factory job.

Early on she was asked to "do something different" with her drums. Tucker turned her bass drum on its side, and began playing with  instead of drumsticks, standing up. This became her signature style. (She also played  a few times, after her drums were stolen.) She played on all the band's recordings for Verve Records and MGM's record label, and their concerts through the 1960s. She also sang lead vocals on "After Hours" and "I'm Sticking With You".

Tucker had to take a break from drumming in 1970, when she became pregnant. Billy Yule, teenage brother of Doug Yule, filled in for her on drums until after her baby Kerry was born. Tucker returned to the band, staying on even when Reed and Morrison left. She quit later, when the band thought about changing names. Instead of a solo career, she went back to factory work, and family life.

Later Tucker began drumming with other bands, including her own projects. She joined the Velvet Underground's 1990s reunions, and was present when the band was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.

1944 births
American drummers
American rock musicians
Musicians from New York
Living people
Paramecium

Paramecium is one of the best-known protists, often taught in school biology courses. It is a ciliate genus. Ciliates are a clade of protists which move by synchronous waves of tiny projections from their cuticle. These projections are called cilia (singular: cilium). The species range from 50 to 350 μm in length. They live in freshwater ponds, and eat bacteria, and other protists such as single-celled algae.

Paramecium species usually have bacterial symbionts, and some species have green algal symbionts.

Reproduction 
Reproduction in Paramecium has been researched for many years.
Paramecium has two nuclei (a large macronucleus and a single compact micronucleus). They cannot survive without the macronucleus and cannot reproduce without the micronucleus. Reproduction is either by binary fission (asexual), conjugation (sexual), or, rarely, by endomixis, a process of self-fertilisation. During binary fission a fully grown organism divides into two daughter cells. Conjugation consists of the temporary union of two organisms and the exchange of micro-nuclear elements. Without the rejuvenating effects of conjugation a paramecium ages and dies. Only opposite mating types, or genetically compatible organisms, can unite in conjugation.

This reproductive system is unique to ciliates, and is one of the reasons why we think the Protista is not a natural clade (monophyletic), but rather a polyphyletic collection of single-celled organisms.

Paramecium aurelia 
This species consists of 14 "syngens", each genetically isolated from every other, and biochemically unique. Each syngen has two mating types. The syngens are so similar in appearance that they have not been given separate species names.p322

Killer paramecia and kappa particles 
These are paramecia which secrete, into the medium around them, particles which kill other paramecia. This killer trait is caused by kappa particles, which are are symbiotic bacteria. The kappa particles are only found in paramecia with a dominant K gene. The killing is done by smaller particles which are defective DNA phages. The kappa bacterium is just one of many found in natural populations of Paramecium aurelia.p243/4

References 

Ciliates
Kingston, Wisconsin

Kingston is a village of Green Lake County in the state of Wisconsin in the United States.  288 people were living in Kingston as of 2000.  Kingston has a total area of 1.5 square miles.

Other websites
Mill Pond Library, Kingston, Wisconsin

Villages in Wisconsin
Green Lake County, Wisconsin
Voice (polyphony)

In music, voice refers to several melodic lines being sung or played at the same time.  These lines are called "voices", even if they are not being sung but being played on instruments.  Another word for the same thing is "part", but the word "part" can also mean a "section" of a piece, so it can be confusing.

The word "part" meaning "voice" is often used when describing polyphonic music.  For example: a 3-part fugue would have three "voices".  It might be sung by three people, or it might be played by three instruments, or just by one keyboard instrument playing all three parts.

Related pages
polyphony
partsong
fugue

Music theory
Elf

An elf is a creature of various origins that is usually regarded as a good being that helps to make trees and nature good. It is therefore commonly associated with paganism and witchcraft (many modern witches today believe that elves are real creatures).

Elves are usually described as a taller human, but with more firmer touch to them. However, in The Lord of the Rings, elves were described as human sized (and if anything taller), hence changing the description of elves. They are sometimes known to have long, pointy ears.

In most modern fantasy scenarios, elves are one of the 3 main races (elves, dwarves, and humans), although if these 3 are described as the good races, they then become one of 6 races, including orcs, goblins, trolls, and / or giants.

The word elf is found throughout the Germanic languages and seems originally to have meant "white being". Reconstructing the early concept of an elf depends largely on texts, written by Christians, in Old and Middle English, medieval German, and Old Norse. These associate elves variously with the gods of Norse mythology, with causing illness, with magic, and with beauty and seduction.

The elves of Norse mythology have survived into folklore mainly as females, living in hills and mounds of stones. The Swedish älvor were stunningly beautiful girls who lived in the forest with an elven king. 

The elves could be seen dancing over meadows, particularly at night and on misty mornings. They left a circle where they had danced, which were called älvdanser (elf dances) or älvringar (elf circles), and to urinate in one was thought to cause venereal diseases. Typically, elf circles were fairy rings consisting of a ring of small mushrooms, but there was also another kind of elf circle. In the words of the local historian Anne Marie Hellström:

...on lake shores, where the forest met the lake, you could find elf circles. They were round places where the grass had been flattened like a floor. Elves had danced there. By Lake Tisnaren, I have seen one of those. It could be dangerous and one could become ill if one had trodden over such a place or if one destroyed anything there.

If a human watched the dance of the elves, he would discover that even though only a few hours seemed to have passed, many years had passed in the real world. Humans being invited or lured to the elf dance is a common motif transferred from older Scandinavian ballads.

Elves were not exclusively young and beautiful. In the Swedish folktale Little Rosa and Long Leda, an elvish woman (älvakvinna) arrives in the end and saves the heroine, Little Rose, on condition that the king's cattle no longer graze on her hill. She is described as a beautiful old woman and by her aspect people saw that she belonged to the subterraneans.

Related pages
 Christmas elf

References

Other websites
encyc:elf

Christmas
Sterling Morrison

Holmes Sterling Morrison Jr. (born August 28, 1942, died August 30, 1995) was an American musician (guitar), known as a founding member of the Velvet Underground.

Morrison met Lou Reed, who also played guitar, at college. They met again later in New York City, where Reed was  with John Cale. Morrison joined Reed and Cale in , and the three formed a band. The band gained the name "The Velvet Underground" when another college friend, Jim Tucker, brought them a book with that title. Tucker's sister Maureen became the band's drummer.

Morrison played lead guitar, and also rhythm and bass guitars, and sang backing vocals. When Doug Yule replaced John Cale, Morrison played lead guitar full-time. Yule sometimes pushed for the lead guitar role, and Morrison and Yule did not get along well.

Even though the Velvets were well known, their financial success was limited, and Morrison became unsure about the band's future. He quit college before the Velvets formed, with only a few credits to go, but went back to City College of New York during 1970. He completed his Bachelor's degree in English, while the band played Max's Kansas City, a restaurant and bar in New York.

After Lou Reed left the band late in 1970, Morrison continued to tour with them. He had sent his  to different schools, hoping to get a job as a teacher or professor. When the band visited Texas, he phoned Texas A&M University, and learned they wanted him for a teaching job. He quit the band, and taught college through the 1970s and 1980s.

Morrison later returned to New York, and became a  captain. He reunited with the Velvets during the 1990s, playing shows with them in Europe and America. He became ill in 1995, saw a doctor, and found out he had , a kind of cancer. He died only a few weeks later, and not long before the Velvet Underground were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.

1942 births
1995 deaths
American rock guitarists
Musicians from New York
American punk musicians
Vanilla Twilight

"Vanilla Twilight" is the second single on the album Ocean Eyes by electronica project Owl City. It was made into a music video that had several people, including Shaq, look at a sunrise after a snow fall.

2009 songs
Feather Falls

Feather Falls is a waterfall found on the Fall River.  It is a tributary of the Middle Fork Feather River, in Plumas National Forest of Butte County, California.  The falls were often said to be over 640 feet tall, however, they recently measured to stand 410 feet tall, which is what the USGS Brush Creek 7 1/2" quadrangle says.  A town found nearby, Feather Falls, California, is named after this waterfall.

References

Waterfalls
Landforms of California
Butte County, California
Feather Falls, California

Feather Falls is an unincorporated community in Butte County, California.  It is found in the countryside.  It lies at an elevation of 2982 feet (909 m).

References

Unincorporated communities in California
Settlements in Butte County, California
Salween River

Salween River is a major river in Southeast Asia. It flows through parts of China, Thailand, and Burma for 2,815 km (1,749 mi). The river originates in the Qinghai Mountains and flows west. But then it turns east and south, flowing into the Andaman Sea at Mawlamyaing, Burma.

Related pages
Mekong River

Rivers of China
Rivers of Myanmar
Rivers of Thailand
Tal Ben Haim

Tal Ben Haim (; born 31 March 1982) is an Israeli football player. He most recently played for Beitar Jerusalem and Israel national team.

Club career statistics

|-
|2000/01||rowspan="4"|Maccabi Tel Aviv||rowspan="4"|Premier League||1||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||1||0
|-
|2001/02||29||1||5||0||3||0||4||0||41||1
|-
|2002/03||30||0||4||0||10||0||4||0||48||0
|-
|2003/04||26||1||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||26||1

|-
|2004/05||rowspan="3"|Bolton Wanderers||rowspan="3"|Premier League||21||1||4||0||2||0||0||0||27||1
|-
|2005/06||35||0||4||0||3||0||7||0||49||0
|-
|2006/07||32||0||1||0||1||0||0||0||34||0
|-
|2007/08||Chelsea||Premier League||13||0||2||0||3||0||2||0||20||0
|-
|2008/09||Manchester City||Premier League||9||0||0||0||1||0||5||0||15||0
|-
|2008/09||Sunderland||Premier League||5||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||5||0
|-
|2009/10||Portsmouth||Premier League||||||||||||||||||||
86||2||9||0||13||0||8||0||116||2
115||1||11||0||10||0||14||0||150||1
201||3||20||0||23||0||22||0||266||3
|}

International career statistics

|-
|2002||2||0
|-
|2003||8||0
|-
|2004||9||0
|-
|2005||6||0
|-
|2006||5||0
|-
|2007||9||0
|-
|2008||7||0
|-
|2009||7||0
|-
|2010||||
|-
!Total||53||0
|}

References

1982 births
Living people
Israeli footballers
Jewish Israeli sportspeople
Rishon LeZion
Hugo Viana

Hugo Viana (born 15 January 1983) is a Portuguese football player. He has played for the Portuguese national team.

Club career statistics

|-
|2001/02||Sporting Portugal||Portuguese Liga||25||1

|-
|2002/03||rowspan="2"|Newcastle United||rowspan="2"|Premier League||23||2
|-
|2003/04||16||0

|-
|2004/05||Sporting Portugal||Portuguese Liga||32||6

|-
|2005/06||rowspan="2"|Valencia||rowspan="2"|La Liga||18||0
|-
|2006/07||25||2
|-
|2007/08||Osasuna||La Liga||9||1
|-
|2008/09||Valencia||La Liga||0||0

|-
|2009/10||Braga||Portuguese Liga||||
57||7
39||2
52||3
148||12
|}

International career statistics

|-
|2001||1||0
|-
|2002||5||0
|-
|2003||4||0
|-
|2004||2||0
|-
|2005||5||1
|-
|2006||5||0
|-
|2007||3||0
|-
!Total||25||1
|}

References

1983 births
Living people
Portuguese footballers
Bruno Vale

Bruno Vale (born 8 April 1983), is a Portuguese football player. He has played for Portugal national team.

Club career statistics

|-
|2003/04||rowspan="2"|Porto||rowspan="2"|Portuguese Liga||1||0
|-
|2004/05||0||0
|-
|2005/06||Estrela da Amadora||Portuguese Liga||30||0
|-
|2006/07||Leiria||Portuguese Liga||2||0
|-
|2007/08||Varzim||Liga Honra||7||0
|-
|2008/09||Vitória FC||Portuguese Liga||7||0
|-
|2009/10||Os Belenenses||Portuguese Liga||||
47||0
47||0
|}

International career statistics

|-
|2003||1||0
|-
!Total||1||0
|}

References

1983 births
Living people
Portuguese footballers
Association football goalkeepers
Fábio Santos Romeu

Fábio Santos Romeu (born 16 September 1985) is a Brazilian football player. He plays for Corinthians.

Club career statistics

|-
|2003||rowspan="4"|São Paulo||rowspan="4"|Série A||13||0||||||||||13||0
|-
|2004||27||1||||||||||27||1
|-
|2005||13||1||||||||||13||1
|-
|2006||2||0||||||||||2||0

|-
|2006||Kashima Antlers||J. League 1||20||3||4||0||3||0||27||3

|-
|2007||Cruzeiro||Série A||4||0||||||||||4||0

|-
|2007/08||Monaco||Ligue 1||5||1||||||||||5||1

|-
|2008||Santos||Série A||5||0||||||||||5||0
|-
|2009||Grêmio||Série A||||||||||||||||
64||2||||||||||64||2
20||3||4||0||3||0||27||3
5||1||||||||||5||1
89||6||4||0||3||0||96||6
|}

References

1985 births
Living people
Brazilian footballers
Haminu Draman

Haminu Draman (born 1 April 1986) is a Ghanaian football player. He plays for Lokomotiv Moscow and Ghana national team.

Club career statistics

|-
|2005/06||Red Star Belgrade||Superliga||4||1

|-
|2006/07||Gençlerbirliği||Süper Lig||31||2

|-
|2007||rowspan="2"|Lokomotiv Moscow||rowspan="2"|Premier League||3||0
|-
|2008||3||0
|-
|2009||Kuban Krasnodar||Premier League||||
4||1
31||2
6||0
41||3
|}

International career statistics

|-
|2005||1||0
|-
|2006||12||2
|-
|2007||4||0
|-
|2008||14||1
|-
|2009||7||1
|-
|2010||||
|-
!Total||38||4
|}

References

1986 births
Living people
Ghanaian footballers
People from Accra
Saša Drakulić

Saša Drakulić (born 28 August 1972) is a Serbian football player. He plays for Proleter Novi Sad.

References

1972 births
Living people
Serbian footballers
Alen Avdić

Alen Avdić (born 3 April 1977) is a Bosnia and Herzegovinan football player. He has played for the Bosnia and Herzegovina national team.

Club career statistics

|-
|1995/96||rowspan="3"|Sarajevo||rowspan="3"|Premier League||0||0
|-
|1996/97||0||0
|-
|1997/98||0||0

|-
|1998/99||Sakaryaspor||First League||2||0

|-
|1998/99||Cercle Brugge||Second Division||19||3

|-
|1999/00||Sarajevo||Premier League||0||0

|-
|2000/01||Chemnitz||2. Bundesliga||12||0

|-
|2001||rowspan="2"|Suwon Samsung Bluewings||rowspan="2"|K-League||5||1
|-
|2002||3||0

|-
|2002||Avispa Fukuoka||J. League 2||24||10

|-
|2003||Suwon Samsung Bluewings||K-League||2||0

|-
|2004||Liaoning||Super League||16||7

|-
|2004/05||rowspan="2"|Sarajevo||rowspan="2"|Premier League||9||1
|-
|2005/06||12||8

|-
|2006/07||rowspan="2"|Saba Battery Teheran||rowspan="2"|Pro League||19||6
|-
|2007/08||22||2
|-
|2008/09||Bargh Shiraz||Pro League||15||1

|-
|2009/10||Sarajevo||Premier League||||
21||9
2||0
19||3
12||0
10||1
24||10
16||7
56||9
160||39
|}

International career statistics

|-
|1999||3||0
|-
!Total||3||0
|}

References

1977 births
Living people
Bosnia and Herzegovina footballers
People from Sarajevo
Mickaël Landreau

Mickaël Landreau (born 14 May 1979) is a French football player. He plays for Lille.

Club career statistics

|-
|1996/97||rowspan="10"|Nantes Atlantique||rowspan="6"|Division 1||29||0
|-
|1997/98||33||0
|-
|1998/99||31||0
|-
|1999/00||33||0
|-
|2000/01||33||0
|-
|2001/02||33||0
|-
|2002/03||rowspan="4"|Ligue 1||36||0
|-
|2003/04||34||0
|-
|2004/05||37||0
|-
|2005/06||36||0
|-
|2006/07||rowspan="3"|Paris Saint-Germain||rowspan="3"|Ligue 1||38||0
|-
|2007/08||38||0
|-
|2008/09||38||0
|-
|2009/10||Lille||Ligue 1||||
449||0
449||0
|}

International career statistics

|-
|2001||1||0
|-
|2002||0||0
|-
|2003||1||0
|-
|2004||1||0
|-
|2005||0||0
|-
|2006||1||0
|-
|2007||7||0
|-
!Total||11||0
|}

References

1979 births
Living people
French footballers
Association football goalkeepers
Oleg Pashinin

Oleg Pashinin (born 12 September 1974) is a former Uzbekistani football player. He has played for Uzbekistan national team.

Club career statistics

|-
|1992||rowspan="10"|Lokomotiv Moscow||rowspan="6"|Top League||0||0||||||||||0||0
|-
|1993||9||0||||||||||9||0
|-
|1994||11||0||||||||||11||0
|-
|1995||14||0||||||||||14||0
|-
|1996||11||0||||||||||11||0
|-
|1997||15||0||||||||||15||0
|-
|1998||rowspan="4"|Top Division||10||0||||||||||10||0
|-
|1999||25||1||||||||||25||1
|-
|2000||11||0||||||||||11||0
|-
|2001||1||0||||||||||1||0

|-
|2001||Sanfrecce Hiroshima||J. League 1||12||2||2||0||2||0||16||2

|-
|2002||rowspan="6"|Lokomotiv Moscow||rowspan="6"|Premier League||23||0||||||||||23||0
|-
|2003||19||0||||||||||19||0
|-
|2004||13||0||||||||||13||0
|-
|2005||18||1||||||||||18||1
|-
|2006||20||0||||||||||20||0
|-
|2007||3||0||||||||||3||0
203||2||||||||||203||2
12||2||2||0||2||0||16||2
215||4||2||0||2||0||219||4
|}

International career statistics

|-
|2001||5||0
|-
|2002||0||0
|-
|2003||2||0
|-
|2004||2||0
|-
|2005||3||0
|-
!Total||12||0
|}

References

1974 births
Living people
Uzbekistani people
Asian footballers
Škoda Fabia

The Škoda Fabia is a car produced by Škoda Auto in two generations since 1999. It is currently in its third generation which launched in late 2014.

First generation (1999–2007) 
The first generation launched in late 1999 and launched in the UK in Spring 2000 with estate and saloon versions added in 2001 and got a facelift in 2004.

Models

Engines

Petrol engines 
 1.0 37 kW (50 hp)
 1.2 HTP 40 kW (54 hp) and 47 kW (64 hp)
 1.4 MPI 44 kW (60 hp) and 50 kW (68 hp)
 1.4 16V 55 kW (75 hp), 59 kW (80 hp) and 74 kW (101 hp)
 2.0 MPI 85 kW (116 hp) and 88 kW (120 hp)

Diesel engines 
 1.4 TDI 51 kW (69 hp), 55 kW (75 hp) and 59 kW (80 hp)
 1.9 SDI 47 kW (64 hp)
 1.9 TDI 74 kW (101 hp)
 1.9 TDI RS 96 kW (131 hp)

Second generation (2007–2014) 
The second generation model launched in Spring 2007 and continued with hatchback and estate models, the saloon was dropped due to poor sales, it was facelifted in 2010 and got a minor update in 2013. The car was launched in the UK with a memorable advert with the car made entirely of cake and used the song My Favourite Things from The Sound Of Music.

Models

Engines

Petrol engines 
 1.2 HTP 44 kW (60 hp) and 51 kW (69 hp)
 1.2 TSI 63 kW (86 hp) and 77 kW (105 hp)
 1.4 16V 63 kW (86 hp)
 1.4 TSI RS 132 kW (180 hp)
 1.6 16V 77 kW (105 hp)

Diesel engines 
 1.2 TDI 55 kW (75 hp)
 1.4 TDI 51 kW (69 hp) and 59 kW (80 hp)
 1.6 TDI 55 kW (75 hp), 66 kW (90 hp) and 77 kW (105 hp)
 1.9 TDI 77 kW (105 hp)

Fourth generation (2021-present) 

The Fabia IIII which will be unveiled in spring 2021 will be a little longer than the current generation. Based on the technical platform of the Volkswagen Polo and the Skoda Scala, it will have, according to Skoda, an additional 50 liters of trunk, bringing the capacity to a total of 380 liters, In its press release, Skoda also mentions the fact that the car will no longer be offered with gasoline powered mechanics. These will be paired with a manual gearbox or the 7-speed DSG dual-clutch transmission. 

Fabia
1990s automobiles
2000s automobiles
2010s automobiles
Škoda Superb

Škoda Superb is a car produced by Škoda Auto from 2001 to the present day. The first generation was made from 2001 to 2008 and got a facelift in 2006. The second generation was made from 2008 to 2015 with a facelift in 2013. It entered its third generation in 2015. It comes as a hatchback or an estate. 

Superb
2000s automobiles
Škoda Octavia

The Škoda Octavia is a car produced by Škoda Auto in three generations since 1996. The first generation arrived in 1996 and launched in the UK in 1998 with a facelift in 2000. The second generation was launched in 2004 with a facelift in early 2009 but the first generation still continues until 2010. It entered its third generation in 2013 with a facelift in early 2017, it received some criticism for being a bit too big for some buyers. The fourth generation launched in June 2020.

First generation (1996–2010)

Versions

Engines

Petrol engines 
 1.4 44 kW (60 hp)
 1.4 16V 55 kW (75 hp)
 1.6 55 kW (75 hp), 74 kW (101 hp) and 75 kW (102 hp)
 1.8 20V 92 kW (125 hp)
 1.8 20V Turbo 110 kW (150 hp)
 1.8 20V Turbo RS 132 kW (180 hp)
 2.0 85 kW (115 hp)

Diesel engines 
 1.9 SDI 50 kW (68 hp)
 1.9 TDI 66 kW (90 hp), 74 kW (101 hp), 81 kW (110 hp) and 96 kW (131 hp)

Second generation (2004–2013)

Versions

Engines

Petrol engines 
 1.2 TSI 77 kW (105 hp)
 1.4 16V 55 kW (75 hp) and 59 kW (80 hp)
 1.4 TSI 90 kW (122 hp)
 1.6 MPI 75 kW (102 hp)
 1.6 FSI 85 kW (116 hp)
 1.8 TSI 118 kW (160 hp)
 2.0 FSI 110 kW (150 hp)
 2.0 TSI RS 147 kW (200 hp)

Diesel engines 
 1.6 TDI 77 kW (105 hp)
 1.9 TDI 77 kW (105 hp)
 2.0 TDI 100 kW (136 hp) and 103 kW (140 hp)
 2.0 TDI RS 125 kW (170 hp)

Octavia
1990s automobiles
2000s automobiles
2010s automobiles
Volkswagen Vento

Volkswagen Vento was a car made by Volkswagen from 1992 through 1998. It is the European version of the Third Generation Volkswagen Jetta.

Engines

Petrol engines 
 1.6 55 kW (75 hp) and 74 kW (100 hp)
 1.8 55 kW (75 hp) and 66 kW (90 hp)
 2.0 85 kW (115 hp)
 2.8 VR6 128 kW (174 hp)

Diesel engines 
 1.9 D 47 kW (64 hp)
 1.9 SDI 47 kW (64 hp)
 1.9 TD 55 kW (75 hp)
 1.9 TDI 66 kW (90 hp) and 81 kW (110 hp)

Vento
1990s automobiles
Akmal Shaikh

Akmal Shaikh (5 April 1956 – 29 December 2009) was a British citizen, originally from Pakistan, who was executed in Urumqi, China, by lethal injection. Shaikh was the first EU national to be executed in China in 50 years. The father of five smuggled heroin to China in a suitcase on a plane. China defended its decision to put Shaikh to death and stated it had acted according to Chinese law.

References 

1956 births
2009 deaths
British people convicted of drug offences

Drug dealers
Naturalised citizens of the United Kingdom
Pakistani Muslims
People executed by lethal injection
John Coltrane

John William "Trane" Coltrane (September 23, 1926 – July 17, 1967) was an American jazz saxophonist and composer.

Coltrane played the bebop and hard bop styles of jazz early in his career, and helped start the use of modes in jazz and later was a very important part of free jazz. He made about fifty recordings as a bandleader, and appeared on many other albums, for example with trumpeter Miles Davis and pianist Thelonious Monk. As his career progressed, Coltrane's music became more spiritual. he died of liver cancer. His second wife was pianist Alice Coltrane, and their son Ravi Coltrane is also a saxophonist.

He influenced many musicians, and is one of the most important tenor saxophonists in jazz history. He received many awards, including Special Citation from the Pulitzer Prize Board in 2007 (many years after his death) for his "masterful improvisation, supreme musicianship and iconic centrality to the history of jazz."

References

1926 births
1967 deaths
African American musicians
American bandleaders
American jazz musicians
American saxophonists
Cancer deaths in New York
Deaths from liver cancer
Musicians from North Carolina
Fela Kuti

Fela Anikulapo Kuti (15 October 1938 – 2 August 1997), or just Fela, was a Nigerian musician and composer who was very important in a genre called afrobeat. He played the saxophone, guitar, drums, keyboards and trumpet, and he sang. He was also a human rights activist. The American singer James Brown said that Kuti was one of the originators (starters) of the funk genre.

Kuti died in 1997 of Kaposi's sarcoma, an illness caused by AIDS. In 2008 a musical production called Fela! was created, about Kuti's life and career.

References

1938 births
1997 deaths
Deaths from AIDS
Disease-related deaths in Nigeria
Drummers
Guitarists
Deaths from sarcoma
Nigerian singers
Saxophonists
Nigerian musicians
Trumpeters
Requiem for a Dream

Requiem for a Dream is a 2000 American psychological drama movie. It was directed by Darren Aronofsky. It stars Ellen Burstyn, Jared Leto, Jennifer Connelly, and Marlon Wayans. The movie is about people with different drug addictions in Brooklyn, New York City.

Cast 
Ellen Burstyn as Sara Goldfarb
Jared Leto as Harry Goldfarb
Jennifer Connelly as Marion Silver
Marlon Wayans as Tyrone C. Love
Keith David as Big Tim

Other websites 

2000 drama movies
2000s psychological movies
American drama movies
American psychological movies
English-language movies
Movies about drugs
Movies about dysfunctional families
Movies directed by Darren Aronofsky
Movies set in Brooklyn
Movies set in New York City
American independent movies
Home Alone 3

Home Alone 3 was the third movie in the Home Alone movie series. It is an American criminal comedy movie. Macaulay Culkin, who was in the last two movies, as Kevin McCallister, was too old for this movie. The movie instead features a different household and villains. The director was Raja Gosnell, who was the editor of both original movies and the star actor was Alex D. Linz as Alex D. Pruitt. John Hughes returns as the producer. It was released on December 12, 1997 by 20th Century Fox. The movie grossed $79,082,515 worldwide.

In this movie, Alex Pruitt (Alex D. Linz) is sick at home with the chickenpox. He recovers and must defend his home from four burglars.

Two made-for-television sequels: Home Alone 4: Taking Back the House and Home Alone: The Holiday Heist followed in 2002 and 2012, with a reboot titled Home Sweet Home Alone released in 2021.

References

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1997 comedy movies
1997 crime movies
1990s criminal comedy movies
American criminal comedy movies
American family movies
American sequel movies
English-language movies
Movies directed by Raja Gosnell
Movies produced by John Hughes
Movies set in Chicago, Illinois
Screenplays by John Hughes
20th Century Fox movies
Stripes (movie)

Stripes is a 1981 American comedy movie starring actor Bill Murray. His character is in the military.

1980s buddy movies
1981 comedy movies
1980s war movies
American buddy movies
American comedy movies
American war movies
Buddy comedy movies
English-language movies
Louisville, Kentucky
Movies directed by Ivan Reitman
Movies set in Germany
Justin.tv

JustinTv or JTV was a free account broadcasting website. It was founded by Justin Kan in Los Angeles, California. A spin-off based on JTV called Twitch was created in June 2011.

Websites
Companies based in Los Angeles