cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Uncle Tupelo

Uncle Tupelo was an alternative country music group from Belleville, Illinois. The group was active between 1987 and 1994. Jay Farrar, Jeff Tweedy, and Mike Heidorn formed the band. Uncle Tupelo split on May 1, 1994. Farrar then formed Son Volt with Heidorn.  The remaining members became Wilco.

Albums 
 No Depression (June 21, 1990)
 Still Feel Gone (September 17, 1991)
 March 16–20, 1992 (August 3, 1992)
 Anodyne (October 5, 1993)

1987 establishments in Illinois
1980s American music groups
1990s American music groups
1994 disestablishments in the United States
American rock bands
Country bands
Musical groups disestablished in 1994
Musical groups established in 1987
Musical groups from Illinois
1990s disestablishments in Illinois
Lassie (TV series)

Lassie is a dramatic children's television series. It was televised on CBS from September 12, 1954 to March 24, 1973. The series is about the adventures of a collie and her human and animal friends.

The show was the brainchild of television producer Robert Maxwell and animal trainer Rudd Weatherwax. They created a story about a struggling midwestern farm family and its dog. Weatherwax's dog actor Pal was chosen to play the title character. Pal had played Lassie in the seven MGM movies about the dog character. Pal made the two pilots for the television series, and then retired. The television Lassies that followed were all descendants of Pal, all were male, and all were trained by Weatherwax.

In 1957, oil millionaire Jack Wrather took over the show as producer. He guided it through its greatest years with his wife Bonita Granville Wrather. The first ten years of the series are set on a farm in the American midwest. These years focus on the relationship between Lassie and a young farm boy. The next seven years are about the dog and her Forest Ranger friends. In the last two years, Lassie lives at a home for troubled children. The show was famous for its "Whistle Theme" by Muzzy Marcellino. The Campbell's Soup Company sponsored the show's entire 19-year run. Spin-off merchandise was produced for children such as comic books, play sets, and clothing. The show won two Emmy Awards in its early years.

The show had a large cast over the years. Tommy Rettig played the farm boy for the first three years. Jon Provost became the farm boy in 1957 when Rettig left the show.  Jan Clayton played Rettig's mother and June Lockhart played Provost's. Hugh Reilly played Provost's father. Both actresses were nominated for Emmys. The show had its best ratings during the Provost years of the early 1960s. Some episodes from these years were put together to make a color adventure movie for theatres.

Provost left the show in 1964. A new story was developed that took Lassie off the farm. She became the friend of three Forest Rangers. They all had adventures in America's most beautiful natural areas such as Monument Valley and Alaska. In the early 1970s, new rulings about prime time were handed down by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC). These rulings meant that Lassie would be moved to the 8 pm time slot. Lassie had been shown for nineteen years in the 7 pm time slot. Producers felt that this move would not work for the show's child audience. The show was cancelled. Since the cancellation, Lassie has played in reruns and has never been off the air.

1954 television series debuts
1973 television series endings
1950s American television series
1960s American television series
1970s American television series
American children's television series
American drama television series
Black and white television series
CBS network shows
Emmy Award winning programs
English-language television programs
Hiro Arikawa

is a Japanese writer. She is from Kōchi Prefecture. She is known for . Library War won the Seiun Award in 2008. She is good at writing science fiction and love stories.

Selected works

The Self-Defense Forces trilogy series
(2004)
(2004)
(2005)

The Library War series
(2006)
(2006)
(2007)
(2007)
(2008) A screen version was made in 2011.
(2010)
(2009)

Other websites
Hiro's fan site 

Japanese writers
1972 births
Living people
People from Kōchi Prefecture
Exile (disambiguation)

Exile is to be away from one's home and not allowed to return.

Exile, exiled, or exiles may also refer to:

Film   
 Exiled, a 2006 Hong Kong film

Literature 
 Exiles (play), a play by James Joyce
 The Exiles (1950), a science fiction short story by author Ray Bradbury

Music 
 Exile (American band), an American musical group with a string of #1 country hits
 Exile (Japanese band), a 14-member Japanese pop music band
 Exile on Main St., an album by The Rolling Stones

Places
United States
 Exile, Wisconsin

Other 
 The Exiles, nickname of Newport County A.F.C., a Welsh football club
Mina Salman

Mina Salman is a seaport in Manama, Bahrain. Mina Salman was a natural harbour before the establishment in 1962.  It covers 80 hectares. It is the primary cargo port and customs point of Bahrain. The port has 15 container berths.  This lets it handle 2.5 million tonnes a year.

The port is named after Salman ibn Isa al-Khalifa, the grandfather of the current King.

References

Settlements in Bahrain
Connie Chung

Constance Yu-Hwa "Connie" Chung (born August 20, 1946) is an American journalist.  She was an anchor and reporter for American television networks NBC, MSNBC, CBS and CNN. Chung is married to talk show host Maury Povich. They have an adopted son.

Career timeline
1983–1986: "NBC News at Sunrise" anchor
1989–1990: "Saturday Night with Connie Chung" anchor
1993–1995: "Eye to Eye with Connie Chung" anchor
1998–2002: "20/20" anchor
1999–2000: "ABC 2000 Today" correspondent
2002–2003: "Connie Chung Tonight" anchor
2006: "Weekends with Maury and Connie" anchor

References

Other websites

American television news anchors
American journalists
1946 births
Living people
Ann Curry

Ann Curry (born November 19, 1956 ) is an American television journalist and personality. She co-hosted the Today Show on NBC from 1997 until 2012. She also anchored at Dateline NBC from 2005 to 2011. 

Curry was born on the island of Guam.  Her father is American and her mother is Japanese. They met while her father was serving in the United States Navy during the US occupation of Japan after World War II.

References

Other websites

American journalists
American television personalities
People from Guam
1956 births
Living people
Meredith Vieira

Meredith Louise Vieira (born December 30, 1953 in East Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America) is an American journalist, television personality and a game show host. She was the host of the syndicated version of Who Wants to Be a Millionaire. She was a co-host on the ABC talk show The View.

References

Other websites

People from Providence, Rhode Island
American journalists
American game show hosts
American television personalities
1953 births
Living people
Television talk show hosts
Querétaro dusky rattlesnake

The Querètaro Dusky Rattlesnake (Crotalus Aquilus) also known as the "Vibora de cascabel", is a species of venomous Pit viper found usually on highlands of central Mexico. The scientific name "Aquilus" is a Latin word meaning "eagle", referring to the highlands on which it lives on. They are not a very well known species of rattlesnake, but the people in Mexico know much about them.

Description
Adult Querètaro Dusky Rattlesnakes are around 50 centimeters (20 in) in length, but some can be as long as 67.8 centimeters (26.7 in). They are usually green, yellow, dark gray, or dark brown in color, with dark brown or black blotches on them.

Where they live
They live mainly on highlands of central Mexico, but they also live in pine-oak forests, grasslands and grassy hills and mountains. The states of Mexico of which they live in are Guanajuato, Hidalgo, México, Michoacán and San Luis Potosí.

Feeding
The Querètaro Dusky Rattlesnake eats mainly lizards, but they also eat frogs and many different types of rodents. Young ones also eat insects.

Venom
This rattlesnake is a type of venomous Pit viper, and one bite of it can harm a human. The poison of the Querètaro Dusky Rattlesnake is hemotoxic, meaning the poison effects the blood of a humans body. However the Querètaro Dusky Rattlesnake does not bite many people because it likes to be left alone; it will only bite a person if the person attacks it or annoys it.

References

Vipers
Macbeth (1971 movie)

Macbeth was a movie directed in 1971 by Polish-French movie maker Roman Polanski. Jon Finch and Francesca Annis played the main characters. Polanski adopted Shakespeare's original play into a somewhat changed screenplay with the help of British theater critic and Shakespeare expert Kenneth Tynan. Hugh Hefner and Playboy Productions funded the movie.  It was screened in New York and opened in Playboy Theater. Hefner was also executive producer of the movie and it was listed as a Playboy production.

References

1971 movies
Columbia Pictures movies
Movies based on plays by William Shakespeare
Movies directed by Roman Polanski
Pacific League

The  or  is one of the two professional baseball leagues constituting Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB) in Japan.  There are six teams in the league.

History
In 1949, The league was founded as the Taiheiyo Baseball Union.  There were seven teams.

In 1980, the name was changed to Pacific League.

After the 2004 season, the Orix BlueWave and the Osaka Kintetsu Buffaloes merged to form the Orix Buffaloes.  At the same time, the Tohoku Rakuten Golden Eagles were added to the league.

Current teams

Championships

League champion
The team which wins the most games in each year is the league champion or "pennant winner".

Since 2004, there has been a three-team playoff system called the "climax series". The teams with the 2nd- and 3rd-best records play in the 3-game first stage.  The winner plays in a 5-game final series against the top-ranked team.

Japan Series
Each year, the winner of the league championship competes against the Central League champion in the  or .

Related pages
 Sports in Japan

References

Other websites 

  Pacific League website 

Baseball in Japan
Organisations based in Japan
1949 establishments in Asia
1940s establishments in Japan
Tom Hiddleston

Thomas William "Tom" Hiddleston (born 9 February 1981) is an English actor. His most famous roles include 'Thor: Ragnarok' (2017), Jonathan Pine in 'The Night Manager' (2016), Loki in 'Thor' (2011),  Scott Fitzgerald, Midnight in Paris (2011), 'The Avengers(2012), and 'Thor: The Dark World' (2013). He also stars in 'Kong: Skull Island' (2017) as Captain James Conrad.

Early life 
Thomas William Hiddleston was born in Westminster, London, to English-born Diana Patricia and Scottish-born James Norman Hiddleston. His mother is a former stage manager, and his father, a scientist, was the managing director of a pharmaceutical company. He started off at the preparatory school, The Dragon School in Oxford, and by the time he was 13, he boarded at Eton College, at the same time that his parents were going through a divorce. He continued on to the University of Cambridge, where he earned a double first in Classics. He continued to study acting at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art, from which he graduated in 2005.

Career 
Whilst at University of Cambridge, he was seen by the agency 'Hamilton Hodell' in the play "A Streetcar Named Desire" and was signed. Following this, he was cast in his first television role in The Life and Adventures of Nicholas Nickleby (2001). Hiddleston won his first film role as Oakley in Joanna Hogg's award-winning first feature, Unrelated (2007). His breakthrough role came when he portrayed the nemesis Loki in the Marvel Cinematic Universe feature film Thor (2011). He reprised the character in The Avengers (2012), Thor: The Dark World (2013), Thor: Ragnarok (2017) and Avengers: Infinity War (2018).

He has also appeared in Steven Spielberg's War Horse (2011), The Deep Blue Sea (2011), Woody Allen's romantic comedy Midnight in Paris (2011), and the romantic vampire film Only Lovers Left Alive (2013). On television, he appeared on the BBC series The Hollow Crown (2012), in the adaptations of Shakespeare's "Henry IV" and "Henry V". In theatre, he has been in the productions of "Cymbeline" (2007) and "Ivanov" (2008). In December 2013, he starred as the title character in the Donmar Warehouse production of "Coriolanus" which played until February 2014. He won the Laurence Olivier Award for Best Newcomer in a Play for his role in "Cymbeline" while also being nominated for the same award the same year for his role as Cassio in "Othello".

On 8 November 2018, it was announced that Hiddleston would be reprising his role as Loki in a new Marvel limited series centered on the character which will air on Disney's streaming service, Disney+. Loki is Hiddleston's seventh time taking on the role, following three Avengers movies and all three Thor films.

Awards and nominations

References

Other websites

 

1981 births
Living people
Alumni of the University of Cambridge
English movie actors
English stage actors
English television actors
People educated at Eton College
People from Westminster
Benedict Cumberbatch

Benedict Timothy Carlton Cumberbatch CBE (born 19 July 1976) is an English actor. His most famous roles include Sherlock Holmes in Sherlock (2010), Peter Guillam in the spy thriller Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy (2011), Stephen Hawking in Hawking (2004), William Pitt in Amazing Grace (2006), and his Academy Award-nominated role as Alan Turing in The Imitation Game. He was nominated for another Academy Award for his role as Phil Burbank in The Power of the Dog in 2022.

He also played Stephen Ezard in The Last Enemy (2008), Paul Marshall in Atonement (2007), Bernard in Small Island (2009), as Khan in Star Trek Into Darkness, 

He voiced the character Smaug, and the Necromancer in The Hobbit (2012). Cumberbatch played Julian Assange in the 2013 movie The Fifth Estate. He ranked #1 in Empire Magazine's "100 Sexiest Movie Stars" in 2013. He was named one of the most influential people in the world by TIME magazine in 2014.

Career
In 2000 Cumberbatch acted on TV for the first time in an episode of Heartbeat, and was on the show again in 2004. He began acting in theatre in 2001. He played Ford in 12 Years a Slave. In 2013 Cumberbatch was nominated for Best Performance by an Actor in a Mini-Series or a Motion Picture Made for Television at the Golden Globes.

Personal life
Benedict Cumberbatch was born to a family that was already wealthy. His parents were both actors, and his ancestor Abraham Cumberbatch started a sugar plantation in the British colony of Barbados which was worked by slaves. As an adult, he dated actress Olivia Poulet. On 5 November 2014, Cumberbatch announced his engagement to Sophie Hunter. On 14 February 2015, Cumberbatch married Hunter. They have three sons, Christopher Carlton (born 1 June 2015), Hal Auden (born 3 March 2017) and Finn (born 11 January 2019).

References

1976 births
Living people
Actors from London
Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
English movie actors
English stage actors
English television actors
English voice actors
Sadaharu Oh

, also known as Wang Chenchih (), is a Japanese-Taiwanese professional athlete. He is best known as a baseball player and manager.

Early life
Oh was born in Tokyo. He is the son of a Chinese father and a Japanese mother. Although Oh has always lived in Japan, he has never allowed a loss of his Chinese citizenship.

Career
Oh played for the Yomiuri Giants. In 1977, he set the world record for home runs.

Oh retired from playing in 1980.

From 1984 to 1988, he was the Giants' manager.

He managed the Fukuoka SoftBank Hawks from 1995 to 2008.

In 2006, he was the manager of the Japanese national team in the World Baseball Classic.

References

1940 births
Living people
Japanese baseball players
Sportspeople from Tokyo
Stanley Williams

Stanley "Tookie" Williams III (December 29, 1953 – December 13, 2005) was an American murderer and co-founder of a street gang, the Crips. He was born in New Orleans, Louisiana. In 1959, he moved to Los Angeles, California, where in 1970 he stole a car, for which he was convicted and sent to juvenile hall. He and Raymond Washington (1953–1979) founded street gang the Crips in 1971 in Los Angeles. Williams shot four people dead in Los Angeles in 1979 during robberies he committed. The events were caught on film by surveillance cameras. Later that year he was convicted of four counts of first degree murder and two counts of robbery. He was sentenced to death and was executed by lethal injection at San Quentin State Prison, California.

References 

1953 births
2005 deaths
African-American people
American murderers
American robbers
American thieves
Executed American people
People executed by lethal injection
People from Los Angeles
People from New Orleans, Louisiana
Ballet flat

Ballet flats are derived from soft ballet slippers, having very thin heels or the appearances of no heel at all. The style often features a ribbon-style binding around these flats' low top areas. Some ballet flats are open toed. The essence of the ballet flat has been on since at least the 15th or 16th century. They're worn primarily by women, although men may wear them too. They went out of fashion during the 18th and 19th century, but took off again after Audrey Hepburn wore the shoes in 1957's Funny Face.

Ballet
Footwear
Host (biology)

A host is an organism which provides shelter for parasites. Parasites will live on the animal and may lay their eggs on them.

Biology
Parasitism
George Shaw

George Shaw (10 December 1751 – 22 July 1813) was an English botanist and zoologist. Shaw published one of the first English descriptions of several common Australian animals. His book was called Zoology of New Holland which was released in 1794. He was the first scientist to examine a platypus. He released a description about the animal on his book The Naturalist's Miscellany in 1799. He became the first to do so. In herpetology he described a lot of new species of reptiles and amphibians.

References

Books 
Mullens and Swann - A Bibliography of British Ornithology (1917)
William T. Stearn - The Natural History Museum at South Kensington 

1751 births
1813 deaths
English botanists
Shaw, George
People from Buckinghamshire

fa:جرج شاو
Common name

A common name of a taxon or organism is a name that is generally given by people. A common name is not the organism's scientific name. Common names are used by people to describe something. Some common names are not always used by some people. A common name are also known as a vernacular name, English name, colloquial name, trivial name, trivial epithet, country name, popular name, or farmer's name.

Sometimes common names are created by authorities. They do this so the general public would not have to remember or pronounce the Latin name of an animal.

Books
Stearn, William T. 1959. "The Background of Linnaeus's Contributions to the Nomenclature and Methods of Systematic Biology". Systematic Zoology 8: 4–22.

Other websites
Plant names 
Multilingual, Multiscript Plant Name Database
The use of common names 
Chemical Names of Common Substances
 Plantas medicinales / Medicinal plants (database) 

Taxonomy
Names
Mark Catesby

Mark Catesby (24 March 1682/83 - 23 December 1749) was an English naturalist. Between 1729 and 1747 Catesby published his book Natural History of Carolina, Florida and the Bahama Islands. The book was the first publication to describe flora and fauna of North America. The book described 220 birds, reptiles, amphibians, fish, insects, mammals and plants.

Catesby studied natural history in London. Catesby collected seeds in Virginia from 1714 to 1719.

Gallery of Catesby's images

Books

Jackson, Christine E., (1985) Bird Etchings: the illustrators and their books, 1655-1855. Ithaca: Cornell University Press 
Walters, Michael (2003) A Concise History of Ornithology. London: Christopher Helm 
Wiatt, Alex L. (1992) The Descendants of Stephen Field of King and Queen County, Virginia, 1721, Fredericksburg VA: BookCrafters
Myers, Amy R. W. & Pritchard, M. B. (1998) "Empire's nature. Mark Catesby's New World vision," Chapel Hill & London: University of North Carolina Press

Other websites
Catesby Commemoration Trust

Works
Mark Catesby (1731). The Natural History of Carolina, Florida and (v1). Online scanned edition from Rare Book Room.
Mark Catesby (1743). The Natural History of Carolina, Florida and (v2). Online scanned edition from Rare Book Room.
Mark Catesby, The Natural History of Carolina, Florida and the Bahamas Electronic edition: high quality images and user-friendly text from the American Studies Programs at the University of Virginia
 View works by Mark Catesby online at the Biodiversity Heritage Library.

1683 births
1749 deaths
English botanists
Fellows of the Royal Society
English naturalists
Webbed feet

Webbed toes is the common name for syndactyly. Webbed feet happens when two or more toes grow together instead of separately. This is common in many birds such as ducks. It is also common in amphibians such as frogs and mammals such as kangaroos. In humans, it is not normal. It only happens to 3-10 in 10,000 live births.

Famous people with webbed feet 
Dan Aykroyd – Canada, actor
Jacqui Hurley - Ireland, sports broadcaster
Ashton Kutcher - United States, actor
Joseph Stalin – Soviet Union, General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union

References

Books 

Feet
Outbreak

An outbreak is an event that sometimes cannot be controlled for several months or years. The word "outbreak" is a term used in epidemiology. It describes what happens when a disease becomes widespread that first thought. An outbreak can affect a small group or affect thousands of people across the world. An outbreak can be epidemic.

Types 
Common source - all victims got the disease from the same source (such as water pollution)
Continuous source - when the disease continues to spread for a longer time.
Point source - when the disease continues to spread for a short time.
Propagated - disease is spread from person to person.
Behavioral risk related - disease is spread by a person's behavior such as sexually transmitted diseases and malnutrition.
Zoonotic - disease is spread from animal to animal.
Patterns of an outbreak
Endemic - a common disease such as influenza, measles, mumps, pneumonia, colds and smallpox. This is characterized by a place, group or activity. 
Epidemic - when the disease affect a large group of people.
Pandemic - when the disease affects people worldwide.

References 

Epidemiology
Water beetle

Water beetles are beetles who live in water. Water beetles are black, brown, or greenish. They are 0.08 to 1.57 inches long. There are 2,000 species of water beetles. These include whirligig beetles (Gyrinidae), Haliplidae, Noteridae, Amphizoidae, Dytiscidae, and Hydroscaphidae.

References
Epler, J. H. 1996. Identification manual for the water beetles of Florida (Coleoptera: Dryopidae, Dytiscidae, Elmidae, Gyrinidae, Haliplidae, Hydraenidae, Hydrophilidae, Noteridae, Psephenidae, Ptilodactylidae, Scirtidae). (PDF, 9.0 MB)

Beetles
Santa Cruz, California

Santa Cruz, California is a city north of Monterey Bay. Santa Cruz is about 100 miles (60 km) south of San Francisco. Santa Cruz was first settled by Ohlone Indians, Native American hunter-gatherers. Santa Cruz was colonized in the mid-1700s by the Spanish. They created a mission, (Mission Santa Cruz). The Spanish forced the Ohlones in the mission. Their populations began to decline because of diseases and overworking.

Americans first arrived in Santa Cruz in the 19th century. They were immigrants from Italy, China and Portugal. Around the same time, forestry and commercial fishing were the first industries. There were also diary farming and leather production. Santa Cruz is most famous for their university. The University of California, Santa Cruz was built in the 1960s. The 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake had a major effect in Santa Cruz. It killed five people.

The industries that are present in Santa Cruz are agriculture, tourism and high technology. The climate in Santa Cruz is Mediterranean. This means that they have mild summers because of fog. Winters are usually rainy; however, the city has dealt with many droughts.

References

Other websites 

 Santa Cruz City official site
 Santa Cruz Wiki – The People's Guide to Santa Cruz, California
 Via Riva Trigoso Sister City street
 Pogonip Open Space Preserve
 Santa Cruz Chamber of Commerce
 

County seats in California
Cities in California
1791 establishments in the United States
18th-century establishments in California
Santa Cruz County, California
California red-legged frog

The California red-legged frog (Rana draytonii) is a semi-aquatic frog. It is part of the Ranidae frogs or "true frogs". The California red-legged frog are endemic to California and Baja California, Mexico. The frog is a near threatened species. It is protected by law.

References

Books
  (2005): Phylogeny of the New World true frogs (Rana). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 34(2): 299–314.  PMID 15619443 PDF fulltext .
 
  (2007) Constraints in naming parts of the Tree of Life. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 42: 331–338.

Other websites 
 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service,  http://www.fws.gov/endangered/features/rl_frog/rlfrog.html 
   "Calif. Frog at Center of Protection Debate" Washington Post

Frogs
Cope's gray treefrog

Cope's gray treefrog, Cope's chameleon tree frog, the western common tree frog, southern gray tree frog, or central Texas tree frog (Dryophytes chrysoselis) is a species of tree frogs. They live in the United States. Scientists think Cope's grey tree frog evolved after the last major ice age. Cope's grey tree frog can live in temperatures as low as -8 °C. Females can lay up to 10–40 eggs. The eggs hatch in four days. When the eggs hatch, they are called tadpoles. Tadpoles become small frogs in 45–65 days. The species name chrysoscelis is from the Greek word chrysos, which means "gold." The Greek word scelis means "leg."

This frog is gray or green in color with bright orange spots on its legs.  This frog stays in the trees.  Its color helps it blend in with the gray or brown tree bark.  Human beings only see this frog on the ground when it is time for the frogs to mate and lay eggs.

This frog lives in Ontario, North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, Minnesota, Wisconsin, Missouri, Kansas, Texas, Pennsylvania, Illinois, and Maryland south to Florida.

References

Books 
  
Bernard S. Martof et al. (1980). Amphibians and Reptiles of the Carolinas and Virginia. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. .
Sargent (1969). A suggestion regarding hindwing diversity among moths of the genus Catocala OF (Noctuidae). Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society 23: 261-264. (Available here .)
Thomas F. Tyning (1990). A Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles. Boston: Little, Brown and Company. .

Other websites 

Amphibiaweb — accessed 1 June 2006
Animal Diversity Web: Hyla versicolor & Hyla chrysoscelis
Atlanta's Backyard Herps — accessed 8 May 2006
Univ. Maine Wetland Connections  — accessed 11 May 2006
Frogs and Toads of Ohio — accessed 11 May 2006
Exploratorium: Amazing Adaptable Frog — accessed 11 May 2006
IUCN  — Global Amphibian Assessment, accessed 1 June 2006
NatureServe  — conservation status, accessed 1 June 2006

Frogs
Animals of North America
Reptiles (magazine)

Reptiles is a monthly magazine. It is published in Irvine, California. Reptiles magazine is a reptile and amphibian magazine. It talks about keeping and breeding many of their species. The magazine's publisher is BowTie Inc. The first issue of the magazine was in October 1993.Spadafori, Gina (23 October 1993). Reptiles slither into the animal magazine kingdom, The Baltimore Sun It was a bimonthly magazine for one year. It became a monthly magazine starting with its December 1994 issue. The columns such as "Herptological Queries" and "Veterinarian Q&A" have been in the magazine since it was first released. 

Many reptiles and amphibian species have been talked about in the magazine. Popular pets such as the bearded dragon, red-eared slider, leopard geckos, and ball pythons often appear in the magazine. They consider themselves "The World's Leading Reptile Magazine". Their June 2012 issue celebrated their 20th anniversary.

References

Other websites

American magazines
Reptiles
Monthly magazines
Science and technology magazines
Irvine, California
1993 establishments in California
Nazi songs

Nazi songs were songs made for the Nazi Party (NSDAP) of Germany.

Some songs used by the Nazis are very old, and so these songs are often thought of as to be a Nazi song. An example would be Deutschlandlied, which was written in 1841. The Nazis used the Deutschlandlied with the Horst-Wessel-Lied. Same with the song Die Wacht am Rhein, which at that time was almost 100 years old.

Horst-Wessel-Lied 

The Horst-Wessel-Lied, also known as Die Fahne Hoch (The flag on high), was the anthem of the Nazi Party. The song was made by Horst Wessel, a SA leader, who was killed by a member of the Communist Party of Germany. The song, as with many Nazi songs, is banned in Germany.

Es zittern die morschen Knochen 

Es zittern die morschen Knochen was made by Hans Baumann, was a very popular Nazi song. The song was the official song of the Hitler Youth: which is why there are some attacks on the old people in the song. Many Germans know some of the song, but a lot don't know the full song.

Below is the order of how the full song would be sung.

Related pages 
Nazism

Nazism
Songs
Fiordland penguin

The Fiordland penguin (Eudyptes pachyrhynchus) is a crested penguin. They have white stripes on their belly and cheeks, and they have a black back. They have bright yellow eyebrows and when they get older they turn darker. They also have an orange beak; big feet and they have small black tails. They weigh 8 pounds and are 17-24 inches tall.

They eat fish, squid and krill (small shrimps) and they like to drink extra cold water. The Fiordland penguin’s main predator (animal which hunts animals) is seals.
 
Most Fiordland penguins live in the woodland on the coast of south New Zealand but some also live in Tasmania. They live up to 15 to 20 years in the wild. They swim very fast in the water near New Zealand.

References

Other websites
 http://www.mrsbauer.com/fiordland.htm
 http://tellurian.net/teach/penguins/facts.html                                                              
 http://www.siec.k12.in.us/west/poi/penguins/fiord.html
 http://www.theanimalfiles.com/birds/penguins/fiordland_penguin.html
 http://www.penguinworld.com/types/fiordland.htm

Penguins
Humboldt penguin

The Humboldt penguin (Spheniscus humboldti) has a plain white belly. It can have a few pure black spots on its belly and have orange with an hint of green. There are less than 10,000 Humboldt penguins in the wild. They are found in Chile and Peru. 

They drink sea water and their favourite food is small fish. A female Humboldt penguin can weigh up to 4.5kg and the male can weigh up to 6kg. Their bodies are adapted to life in water and most Humboldt penguins can live up to 20 years. They get their name from a famous Prussian explorer, Alexander von Humboldt.

They have well dug burrows underground. In the past 100 years their droppings have been used as garden fertiliser. This dung is called “guano”.

References

Other websites
 Penguin World.   

Penguins
Magellanic penguin

The magellanic penguin (Spheniscus magellanicus) is the most numerous of the Spheniscus family. There are about 3,600,000 magellanic penguins in the world. They breed once a year and lay two eggs of a similar size.  They are 70 centimetres tall and weigh 9 pounds or 4 kilograms. 

They are found in the Falkland Islands, South America, Chile and Argentina and migrate Brazil. They are warm weathered penguins and during the warm weather they lose feathers around their eyes. When it gets colder they grow these feathers back around their eyes. They were first seen in 1519 on a voyage (trip) to South America. They hunt for food on their own when they are 60-70 days old.

Other websites
  
   

Penguins
Yellow-eyed penguin

The yellow-eyed penguin (Megadyptes antipodes), also known as the hoiho or tarakara, is an endangered species of penguin, and the third largest penguin in the world. The penguin gets its name from the yellow stripes on its head. They live and breed on the sea shore of New Zealand and some also in the Antarctic islands in the south. They have a high pitched call which can be heard very clearly.

Yellow-eyed penguins eat small to medium sized fish, red cod and squid. 

They make their nests out of twigs, grass and leaves, carefully formed into a bowl shape. The chicks take 39 to 51 days to hatch and both parents share keeping the eggs warm.

Other websites
 http://www.siec.k12.in.us/west/proj/penguins/yellow.html  
 http://www.doc.govt.nz/conservation/native-animals/birds/sea-and-shore-birds/penguins/yellow-eyed-penguin-hoiho/facts/ 

Penguins
Mononymous person

A mononymous person is a person who is known and addressed by a single name. Such names are called mononyms. In some cases, the person was known by a composed name (polynym) before, and selected a single name. Today, this is often the case with artists, who select a stage name.

In many cultures, people only had one name. This is the case of Ancient Greece. Composed names were only used to avoid confusion. Both Zeno of Elea and Zeno of Citium were called Zeno, but the origin was added to avoid confusing the two. In Ancient Rome, people had a composed name which included a clan name and a family name, which did not change. While we refer to Cicero as Cicero, his real name was Marcus Tullius Cicero. Sometimes he is called Tully in English. Other people called Tullius include Manius Tullius Longus, a Roman consul, about 500 BC, and Quintus Tullius Cicero, one of Caesars generals. Nero was known as Nero Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus. 

After the Romans, composed names started to be more commonplace in the Middle Ages. In the Americas, mononyms survived until the early 20th century. Examples include Pocahontas (1595-1617) and Geronimo (1829-1909). Pocahontas married and English settler, and took the name Rebecca Rolfe after her marriage.
 
Royals usually adopt a single name. Sometimes, a numeral is added. That way, Elizabeth I (1533-1603) and Elizabeth II (born 1926) both have a surname, but it is not used.

Similarly, popes select a single name, when they are elected. The current pope is called Jorge Mario Bergoglio, but since his becoming pope, everyone has called him Pope Francis.

Names
Sweet Grass, Montana

Sweet Grass (also Sweetgrass) is an unincorporated community in Toole County, Montana, United States.  It is on the Canada-United States border. It is the northern end of Interstate 15.  Interstate 15 is an important route connecting western Canada, the western United States, and Mexico.

In 2004, a joint border facility opened at the Sweetgrass port of entry and Coutts, Alberta.  It has both Canadian and American federal authorities.

Notable people
 Earl W. Bascom (1906-1995), "Father of Modern Rodeo" cowboyed in the 1920's on a ranch on Kicking Horse Creek
 Charles M. Russell (1864-1926), cowboy artist and sculptor ranched on Kicking Horse Creek near the Sweetgrass Hills

References

Unincorporated communities in Montana
Crotalus viridis

Crotalus viridis (commonly known as the prairie rattlesnake) is a species of venomous Pit vipers. There is currently only one subspecies recognized, not including the nominate subspecies.

Description
The Prairie Rattlesnake usually grows up to the length of around 100 centimeters (3.3 ft). Prairie Rattlesnakes in Montana can sometimes grow up to the length of 120 centimeters (3.9 ft), but the longest ever found was 151.5 centimeters (4.97 ft) long. They are usually light brown in color with some patches of dark brown.

Feeding
Prairie Rattlesnakes eat mainly small mammals like ground squirrels, mice, rats, small rabbits, and prairie dogs. Young Prairie Rattlesnakes eat amphibians, and small reptiles.

Reproduction
Prairie Rattlesnakes are viviparous, and can give birth to around 3-25 young at a time. The young are born around between August and October.

Behavior
Prairie Rattlesnake are diurnal in cool weathers, and nocturnal in hot weathers. They have a very powerful venom which they only use if attacked. Like other rattlesnakes they shake their tail to make a rasping sound which warns enemies.

Common names
The Prairie Rattlesnake is also called the "Western Rattlesnake", the "Plains Rattlesnake", the "Black Rattler", the "Confluent Rattlesnake", the "Missouri Rattlesnake", the "Spotted Rattlesnake", and the "Western Pacific Rattlesnake".

Where they live
It is also found in southwestern Canada, south to the United States of America, and northern Mexico. In Canada it is found in Alberta, and Saskatchewan, in the United States of America it is found in eastern Oregon, eastern Washington, southern Idaho, Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Wyoming, Nebraska, Colorado, Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas, New Mexico, and eastern Arizona, in Mexico it is found in northern Coahuila, and northwestern Chihuahua.

Subspecies
Not including the nominate subspecies, Crotalus Viridis Viridis, the Prairie Rattlesnake only has one subspecies: the "Hopi Rattlesnake" (Crotalus Viridis Nuntius) which is found in northeastern and north-central Arizona, and New Mexico.

References

Vipers
Anput

Anput is the goddess of the seventeenth Nome (or district) of Upper Egypt. She is the goddess of the desert and protection. She was the mother of Kebechet.

Egyptian gods and goddesses
Harry Judd

Harry Judd  (born 23 December 1985, Chelmsford, Essex) is an English pop/rock musician. He is best known as being the drummer in the band McFly. Judd has made a guest appearance in the Busted video for "Crashed the Wedding" as the drummer. In 2011, he won Strictly Come Dancing. In 2012, he got engaged to his long term girlfriend Izzy Johnston. and is now married to her.

References

Other websites 

1985 births
Living people
Chelmsford
English pop musicians
English rock drummers
Musicians from Essex
Strictly Come Dancing participants
DeJuan Blair

DeJuan Lamont Blair (born April 22, 1989) is an American basketball player. He plays for the Washington Wizards of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He graduated from Pittsburgh University. He also played for the San Antonio Spurs from 2009 to 2013 and the Dallas Mavericks from 2013 to 2014.

References

Other websites

 

1989 births
African-American basketball players
Dallas Mavericks players
Living people
San Antonio Spurs players
Sportspeople from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Washington Wizards players
American basketball players
Trade creation

Trade creation is an economic term related to international economics in which trade flows are redirected due to the formation of a free trade area or a customs union. The issue was firstly brought into discussion by Jacob Viner (1950), together with the trade diversion effect.

Trade
Common coquí

The common coquí or coquí (Eleutherodactylus coqui) is a species of frog. They live in Puerto Rico. The coquí is an important symbol of Puerto Rico. They are known for their loud calls they make at night. They belong to the genus Eleutherodactylus.

References

Books

Other websites

Control of Coqui Frog in Hawaii
Eleutherodactylus coqui information from HEAR
Children Story About Coqui; El Coqui De Madagascar 

Frogs
Mudpuppy

A mudpuppy or waterdog is an aquatic salamander. They belong to the family Proteidae. Mudpuppies make a dog-like barking sound, which is why they are called mudpuppies. Mudpuppies belong to the genus Necturus. They live in Canada and Midwestern United States.

Related pages
 Axolotl

Other websites

 Tree of Life: Proteidae 

Salamanders
Tyler Posey

Tyler Posey (born October 18, 1991) is an actor. He is most famous for his lead role on MTV's Teen Wolf series. Posey plays Scott McCall, a teenager whose life was changed by a bite he received in the woods.

References

Other websites

Living people
1991 births
American television actors
Bufo apolobambicus

Bufo apolobambicus is a species of toad. They belong to the family Bufonidae. They live in Bolivia and Peru. Their habitat is subtropical or tropical forest. Their population is dying because of habitat loss.

References
 De La Riva, I. 2006.  Bufo apolobambicus .   2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.   Downloaded on 21 July 2007.

Toads
Herveo Plump Toad

The Herveo plump toad (Orsornophryne percrassa) is a species of toad. They belong to the family Bufonidae. They live in Colombia. Their habitat is subtropical or tropical forests. They like to live on high-altitude grasslands. Their population is dying because of habitat loss.

References 
 Bolívar, W. & Lynch, J. 2004.  Osornophryne percrassa.   2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.   Downloaded on 21 July 2007.

Toads
Amargosa toad

The Amargosa toad (Bufo nelsoni) is a species of toad. They belong to the family Bufonidae. They were once considered a subspecies of the Western toad.

References

  (2004) The history of a Nearctic colonization: Molecular phylogenetics and biogeography of the Nearctic toads (Bufo). Evolution 58: 2517–2535.

Other websites

Nevada Fish & Wildlife Office: Amargosa Toad - website of the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, Nevada Office

Toads
Western toad

The Western toad (Anaxyrus boreas) is a species of toads. They are among the largest toads. They can grow up to 5.6 and 13 cm long. They live in western North America.

References
http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/animals/amphibian/bubo/all.html

Books
 (2004) The history of a Nearctic colonization: Molecular phylogenetics and biogeography of the Nearctic toads (Bufo). Evolution 58: 2517–2535.
This article is based on a description from A Field Guide to the Reptiles and Amphibians of Coastal Southern California, Robert N. Fisher and Ted J. Case, USGS.

Other websites

Toads
Great Plains Narrowmouth Toad

The Great Plains Narrowmouth Toad (Gastrophryne olivacea) is a species of toads. They belong to the family Microhylidae. They live in south central United States. They can be found in Nebraska, Texas and northern Mexico. They are not "true toads". They are territorial.

References 
  Database entry includes a range map and justification for why this species is of least concern
Herps of Texas: Gastrophryne olivacea
Amphibian Species of the World: Gastrophryne olivacea

Toads
Blush (color)

Blush is a medium bright tone of red-violet. 

The first written use of blush as a color name in English was in 1590.

Meaning of blush

 The color blush represents live theatre because it is a color often used for theatre makeup.

Tones of blush color comparison chart

Related pages
 List of colors

References
Plains Spadefoot Toad

The plains spadefoot toad (Spea bombifrons) is a species of spadefoot toad. They live in southwestern Canada, the Great Plains of the United States and northern Mexico. Like many spadefood toads, they get their name for having spade-like legs. This allows them to dig into sand and soil.

References 

Herps of Texas: Spea bombifrons
Canada's Amphibians: Spea bombifrons 

Toads
American toad

The American toad (Bufo americanus) is a species of toad. They live in eastern United States and Canada. There are three subspecies: the eastern American toad, the dwarf American toad, and the rare Hudson Bay toad.

Subspecies

Eastern American toad 
The eastern American toad (A. a. americanus) is a medium-sized toad. Most of the time, its size is . The biggest one measured was .

Dwarf American toad 
The dwarf American toad (A. a. charlesmithi) is smaller than the eastern American toad. Its size is .

Hudson Bay toad 
The Hudson Bay toad (A. a. copei) is a rare toad. Small groups of them are found in north Ontario.

Gallery

References

Other websites

 B. americanus at the United States Geological Survey site
 B. americanus  at the USDA's Integrated Taxonomic Information System
Animal Diversity Web: Bufo americanus
Photograph and audio recording of male American toad

Toads
Gymnopis syntrema

Gymnopis syntrema is a species of Caecilians. They belong to the family Caeciliidae. They live in Belize, Guatemala and Honduras. Their habitat is subtropical or tropical forests. Their populations are dying because of habitat loss.

References
 Acevedo, M., Lee, J. & Wilkinson, M. 2004.  Gymnopis syntrema.   2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.   Downloaded on 21 July 2007.

Other websites
 Amphibian Web

Caecilians
Dermophis gracilior

Dermophis gracilior is a species of Caecilians. They belong to the family Caeciliidae. They are found in Costa Rica and Panama. Their habitat are subtropical or tropical forests. They like to live in lowland forests and rural places.

References
 Solís, F., Ibáñez, R., Chaves, G., Savage, J., Jaramillo, C., Fuenmayor, Q. & Wilkinson, M. 2004.  Dermophis gracilior .   2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.   Downloaded on 21 July 2007.

Caecilians
Microcaecilia supernumeraria

The Microcaecilia supernumeraria is a species of Caecilians. They belong to the family Caeciliidae. They live in Brazil. Their habitats are subtropical or tropical forests. They like to live in lowland forests and rural places.

References
 Silvano, D., Narvaes, P. & Wilkinson, M. 2004.  Microcaecilia supernumeraria.   2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.   Downloaded on 21 July 2007.

Caecilians
Siphonops leucoderus

Siphonops leucoderus, also known as the Salvador caecilian, is a species of Caecilians. They belong to the family Caeciliidae. They live in Brazil. Their habitat are subtropical or tropical forests. They like to live in lowland forests and rural areas.

References
 Silvano, D.& Pimenta, B. 2004.  Siphonops leucoderus.   2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.   Downloaded on 21 July 2007.

Caecilians
Boulengerula taitana

Boulengerula taitana (also known as the Taita African caecilian, Taita Hills caecilian or Taita Mountains caecilian) is a species of caecilians. They belong to the family Caeciliidae. They live in Africa in countries like Kenya. Their habitat is subtropical or tropical forests. Many people mistake them for worms. They lay their eggs in foam nest in water.

References

Loader, S. & Measey, J. 2004. Boulengerula taitana. In: IUCN 2006. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. . Downloaded on 6 April 2007.

Other websites
A BBC documentary
New Scientist article on Boulengerula taitanus
Video of Boulengerula behaviour 
BBC footage of young caecilians

Caecilians
Sylvacaecilia

Sylvacaecilia grandisonae (commonly known as the Aleku caecilian or Ethiopian caecilian) is a species of caecilians. They belong to the family Indotyphlidae. They live in Ethiopia. Their habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forests. They also live near rivers and springs.

References

 Largen, M., Loader, S. & Wilkinson, M. 2004. Sylvacaecilia grandisonae. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Downloaded on 21 July 2007.

Caecilians
California newt

The California newt (Taricha torosa) is a species of newts. They are also called the orange bellied newt. They can grow to 8 inches (20 cm) in length. They have toxic skin. Because of this, the only predator of the California newt are garter snakes. California newts lives in California.

Subspecies 
Sierra newt
Coastal Range newt

Other websites 

 San Diego Natural History Museum
 California Newt facts  
 California Newt mating
 Caudata Culture  

Newts
Sierra newt

The Sierra newt is a subspecies of the California newt. They live in the Sierra Nevada.

Newts
Coastal Range newt

The Coastal Range newt (Taricha torosa torosa) is a subspecies of the California newt. They live in California Coast Ranges and San Diego, California.

References

Newts
Atelopus ignescens

The Atelopus ignescens is a species of toad. It is often known as the Jambato toad or the Quito stubfoot toad. They belong to the family Bufonidae. They live in Ecuador. They were thought to be extinct until some were discovered in 2016.  Their habitat is subtropical or tropical high-altitude. It was believed to be the closest relative of the Carrikeri Harlequin Frog.

References

Books 
 Ron, S., Coloma, L.A., Lötters, S., Duellman, W., Bustamante, M.R., Bolívar, W. & La Marca, E. 2004.  Atelopus ignescens .   2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.   Downloaded on 21 July 2007.

Toads