cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Lisa Madigan

Lisa Madigan (born July 30, 1966) was the 41st Attorney General of the US state of Illinois from 2003, when she became the first female attorney general for Illinois, until 2019.

She is a Democrat and the daughter of Michael Madigan, who has been Speaker of the Illinois House of Representatives for most of the last 50 years.

On December 12, 2008, she attracted national attention after filing a motion with the Supreme Court of Illinois to remove Governor Rod Blagojevich from office. The motion was denied by the court without a hearing.

Madigan was born on July 30, 1966 in Chicago, Illinois. She studied at Georgetown University and at Loyola University Chicago School of Law. Madigan has been married to Pat Byrnes.

She was once said by The New York Times to be among the seventeen most likely women to become the first female President of the United States.

On July 14, 2013 Madigan, who was widely expected to run, announced she would not run for governor in 2014 because of her father’s decision to stay in his post as speaker of the Illinois House, but that she would run for reelection instead.

References

Other websites

Illinois Attorney General Lisa Madigan official government website
Biography
Lisa Madigan for Attorney General official campaign website

1966 births
Living people
Politicians from Illinois
US Democratic Party politicians
State legislators of the United States
Sheila Simon

Sheila J. Simon (born March 13, 1961) is an American politician and educator who was the 46th Lieutenant Governor of the state of Illinois. 

She was a Professor of Law at the Southern Illinois University School of Law. Simon is the daughter of former U.S. Senator Paul Simon, who had previously served as Lieutenant Governor of Illinois (1969-1973), and his first wife, former Illinois State Representative Jeanne Hurley Simon.

On September 7, 2015, Simon announced her candidacy for the Illinois Senate. Simon was defeated by her Republican opponent Paul Schimpf.

Simon was born on March 31, 1961 in Springfield, Illinois. She studied at Georgetown Law School. Simon has been married to Perry Knop since 1987. They have two children. She lives in Carbondale, Illinois.

References

Other websites

 Illinois Lieutenant Governor website 
 Sheila Simon campaign website 

1961 births
Living people
Lieutenant Governors of Illinois
People from Carbondale, Illinois
Politicians from Springfield, Illinois
US Democratic Party politicians
Judy Baar Topinka

Judy Baar Topinka (January 16, 1944 – December 10, 2014) was an American politician. She served as the Illinois Comptroller and Illinois Treasurer, having served as Treasurer from 1995 to 2007, and former chairwoman of the Illinois Republican Party.

Early life
Topinka was born on January 16, 1944 in Chicago, Illinois.

Career
She was the first woman to become state treasurer, first to be elected to three consecutive terms and the first Republican to hold the post in more than thirty-two years. During her last term, she was the only elected statewide official from the Republican Party, in Illinois.

In November 2005, Topinka announced her decision to run for Governor of Illinois. In March 2006, she was nominated as the Republican candidate. She was the second woman (after 1994 Democratic nominee Dawn Clark Netsch) and first Republican woman to be nominated for governor of Illinois. She went on to lose the election to Rod Blagojevich.

In 2010, she successfully ran for the office of Illinois State Comptroller and was re-elected in 2014, one month before her death.

Death
Topinka died in Berwyn, Illinois from a stroke, aged 70.

References

Other websites
State of Illinois Comptroller 
 Official campaign website

1944 births
2014 deaths
Deaths from stroke
Politicians from Chicago
United States representatives from Illinois
US Republican Party politicians
State legislators of the United States
Dan Rutherford

Dan Rutherford (born May 26, 1955) is an American politician. Rutherford is a former Illinois Treasurer. He served as a Republican member of the Illinois Senate, representing the 53rd district, from 2003 to 2011, in the Illinois House of Representatives from 1993 to 2003, and as the Treasurer of Illinois from 2011 to 2015.

Early life
Rutherford was born in Pontiac, Illinois on May 16, 1955. He attended Pontiac Township High School. Following high school, Rutherford attended Illinois State University.

Illinois Treasurer
Rutherford won the open seat of Illinois Treasurer. Also running were Democratic nominee Robin Kelly, Constitution Party nominee Dawn Czarny, Green Party Party nominee Scott K. Summers, Libertarian nominee James Pauly, and Independent Conservative Christopher Pedersen.

2014 Gubernatorial election
On June 2, 2013, Dan Rutherford officially announced his candidacy for Governor of Illinois. His running mate is attorney Steve Kim.

Electoral history
2010 election for Treasurer of Illinois
Dan Rutherford (R), 49.9%
Robin Kelly (D), 45.1%
Scott Summers (G), 3.2%
James Pauly (L), 1.9%
2006 election for Secretary of State of Illinois
Jesse White (D) (inc.), 62%
Dan Rutherford (R), 34%

References

Other websites
Illinois State Treasurer 
Dan Rutherford for Governor  
Profile  at Illinois State Senate Republicans

1955 births
Living people
Politicians from Illinois
United States representatives from Illinois
US Republican Party politicians
State legislators of the United States
Michael Madigan

Michael J. Madigan (born April 19, 1942) is an American politician. He was the Speaker of the Illinois House of Representatives and Chairman of the Democratic Party of Illinois. A Democrat, he has held the position of Speaker of the House for all but two years since 1983—those two years being a brief interregnum of Republican majority and is the longest serving Speaker.
He has been a member of the Illinois House since 1971, and currently represents the 22nd district. He is known for having a rough relationship with former Illinois Governor Rod Blagojevich.

On January 11, 2021, Madigan announced he would be ending his bid to be elected to a nineteenth term as Speaker of the Illinois House of Representatives.

Early life
Madigan was born on April 19, 1942 in Chicago, Illinois. He studied at University of Notre Dame and graduated from the Loyola University Chicago School of Law.

Speaker of the House of Illinois
He has been Speaker of the Illinois House since 1982, with the exception of 1995–1996 when Republicans took control of the chamber.  Madigan engineered a Democratic comeback and regained his majority at the elections of November 1996, which he continues to defend today. He has feuded with other Democratic leaders since 2002when Democrats took control of all branches of the state governmentmost notably Governor Rod Blagojevich and Senate President Emil Jones.

One of Madigan's chief Democratic deputies in the House is Gary Hannig, who often handles budget issues.

He is the longest-serving leader of any state or federal legislative body in the history of the United States, having held the position for all but two years since 1983.

In January 2021, Madigan refused to run for State House Speaker again following bribery allegations.

On February 18, 2021 Madigan resigned from the state legislature.

Personal life
Madigan is married to Shirley Madigan. They had one daughter. His daughter is Illinois Attorney General Lisa Madigan. He lives and represents West Lawn, Chicago.

References

Other websites
Representative Michael J. Madigan (D) 22nd District at the 98th Illinois General Assembly
Previous sessions: 97th, 96th, 95th, 94th, 93rd
Chairman Michael J. Madigan  of the Democratic Party of Illinois

1942 births
Living people
State legislators of the United States
Politicians from Chicago
US Democratic Party politicians
The Evil Within

The Evil Within, known in Japan as Psychobreak, is an action survival horror video game. 

It was being developed by a Japanese studio, Tango Gameworks. The game can be run on Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 3, PlayStation 4, Xbox 360 and Xbox One. It was released on October 14, 2014.

The Evil Within is the first product of Tango Gameworks.

References

Other websites 
 

2014 video games
PlayStation 3 games
PlayStation 4 games
Windows games
Xbox 360 games
Xbox One games
Thematic map

A thematic map is a kind of map. Different from normal maps, a thematic map is designed to show the distribution of human or natural features or data. The information may or may not be related to geography. For example, a map which shows population is a thematic map.

Thematic maps are called so because they show features relating to a particular theme or aspect of geography.

Examples 
An early contributor to thematic mapping in England was the English astronomer Edmond Halley (1656–1742). His first important map was a star chart of the constellations of the Southern Hemisphere, published in 1686. In the same year he also published something new, a map of the globe (Earth) in an article about trade winds. This map is sometimes called the first weather map.

Another example of early thematic mapping comes from London physician John Snow. Snow’s cholera map of 1854 is the best known example of using thematic maps for analysis of data. His method anticipates the principles of a geographic information system (GIS). He started with an accurate map of a London neighborhood which included streets and water pump locations. Onto this Snow placed a dot for each cholera death. The pattern centered around one particular pump on Broad Street. At Snow’s request, the handle of the pump was removed, and new cholera cases ceased almost at once. Further investigation of the area revealed the Broad Street pump was near a cesspit under the home of the outbreak's first cholera victim.

References 

Cartography
Fruit Ninja

Fruit Ninja is a video game made by Halfbrick. The game can be played on different platforms such as Xbox 360 and Windows Phone.

The target of this game is get score by slicing fruits. For the classical mode, fruit can't leave the screen without being sliced. Extra points are awarded for slicing three or more fruits with one swipe.

References

Outer websites 

 Developer website
 Fruit Ninja – iOS App Store
 Fruit Ninja - Google App Store

2010 video games
Xbox 360 games
Windows games
David Luiz

David Luiz Moreira Marinho (born 22 April 1987), known as David Luiz, is a Brazilian professional footballer who plays for Arsenal F.C. in English Premier League and as vice-captain for the Brazil national team.

Honours

Team
Vitória
Campeonato Baiano (1): 2005

Benfica
Primeira Liga (1): 2009–10
Taça da Liga (3): 2008–09, 2009–10, 2010–11

Chelsea
FA Cup (1): 2011–12
 UEFA Champions League (1):2011-12
UEFA Europa League (1): 2012–13

Paris Saint-Germain
Ligue 1: 2014–15, 2015–16
Coupe de France: 2014–15
Coupe de la Ligue: 2014–15
Trophée des Champions: 2014, 2015

International
Brazil
FIFA Confederations Cup (1): 2013

Individual
Primeira Liga Player of the Year: 2009–10
Premier League Player of the Month: March 2011
PFA Fans Player of the Month: March 2011
FIFA Club World Cup: Silver Ball 2012

Career statistics

Club

1Continental competitions include the UEFA Champions League, UEFA Cup / Europa League and UEFA Super Cup.
2Other tournaments include the Trophée des Champions, FA Community Shield, FIFA Club World Cup, Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira and Campeonato Baiano.

International

International goals
Scores and results list Brazil's goal tally first:

References

Other websites

Chelsea official profile
Stats and profile at Zerozero
Stats at ForaDeJogo
PortuGOAL profile

Transfermarkt profile

1987 births
Living people
Brazilian footballers
Jack Wilshere

Jack Andrew Garry Wilshere (born 1 January 1992) is an English footballer who plays for West Ham United F.C. and the England national team.

Career statistics

Club

National team

Honours

Arsenal

Premier Academy League (1): 2008–09
FA Youth Cup (1): 2008–09

International
Victory Shield (2): 2006, 2007

Individual
PFA Young Player of the Year (1): 2010–11
PFA Team of the Year (1): 2010–11
Arsenal Player of the Season (1): 2010–11

References

Other websites
Jack Wilshire Profile Official PFA Profile
Jack Wilshere profile at Arsenal.com

ESPNsoccernet profile 

1992 births
Living people
English footballers
Arsenal F.C. players
Premier League players
Ruggero Leoncavallo

Ruggero Leoncavallo (April 23, 1857 – August 9, 1919) was an Italian opera composer and librettist. He is best known for his 1892 opera, I pagliacci. In 1906, he toured the United States with success. He was born in Naples, and died in Montecatini Terme, Tuscany.

1857 births
1919 deaths
Entertainers from Campania
20th-century Italian composers
Librettists
People from Naples
Pagliacci

I pagliacci or Pagliacci () is a short two-act opera with libretto and music by Ruggero Leoncavallo. It was first performed in the Teatro Dal Verme in Milan, Italy on May 21, 1892. It was conducted by Arturo Toscanini. 

The opera is about an adulterous love affair between the wife of a traveling actor and a village man that ends in the murders of both.

The role of Canio became Enrico Caruso's signature role. Pagliacci is the only opera by Leoncavallo still performed. It is usually paired with Pietro Mascagni's Cavalleria rusticana.
 
Operas
Beorhtric of Wessex

Beorhtric (also Brihtric; meaning 'Magnificent ruler') († 802) was the King of Wessex from 786 to 802. He ruled Wessex as a figurehead king. His wife and father-in-law exercised most of the power.

King of Wessex 

The names of his parents and his ancestry are unknown. In 786, Cynewulf, king of Wessex, was killed by Cyneheard, brother of the former King Sigeberht. Either with help of Offa of Mercia or quickly coming under his influence, Beorhtric became King of Wessex. In 787, he held the Synod of Chelsea jointly with Offa. In 789 he married Eadburh, Offa's daughter. That same year Vikings appeared off the coast of Devon. Believing they were traders the local reeve went to meet them and was killed. This was the first encounter with Vikings in southern England.

After Offa's death in 796, Mercian power over England was weakened. There was a period of three years when some West Saxons tried to break free of Mercian control. But Beorhtric and Cenfulf, the new king, signed a peace treaty. From that time on Wessex remained subordinate to Mercia. Three West Saxon coins have survived from Beorhtric's reign. In style they are very similar to coins struck by Offa. They were probably minted at Southampton after Offa's death.

His queen 

Queen Eadburh, as Offa's daughter, seems to have held all the power in Wessex. She had a reputation for great cruelty. In later years Asser, a scholar at Alfred the Great's court, recorded the story that Beorhtric had died from being accidentally poisoned by his wife, Eadburh. She fled to a nunnery in Francia, from which she was later ejected after being found with a man. It was a good story but probably more myth than real. But she was the reason Wessex would not have another queen for several generations. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records that Beorhtric was buried at Wareham in 802. He left no heirs.

Notes

References

Other websites 
 Britannia: Kings of Wessex 

Year of birth unknown
800s deaths
Kings of Wessex
American Airlines Flight 191

American Airlines Flight 191 was a scheduled commercial flight from O'Hare International Airport in Chicago to Los Angeles International Airport. The aircraft used was a McDonnell Douglas DC-10-10. On May 25, 1979, the aircraft crashed into an open field in Des Plaines, Illinois. All 271 people (258 passengers and 13 crew) on the flight were killed. Two people on the ground were killed and five others were hurt. The crash was caused by the loss of one of the engines, which caused damage to the left wing. The loss of the engine happened because of bad maintenance to the aircraft that had been done eight weeks before the crash. It is the worst plane crash to happen in the United States.

Airplane involved 

The airplane that crashed was a McDonnell Douglas DC-10-10, tail number N110AA. It was delivered new to American Airlines after its first flight in 1972, and at time of accident it has flown for 19871 hours. It was powered by 3 General Electric CF6-6D engines.

Accident 
The plane, which just arrived from Phoenix, was assigned to fly flight 191 from Chicago to Los Angeles. At 2.59pm (local time GMT-6) the plane began its taxi to runway 32 right (32R) and at 3.02pm was cleared to takeoff from the runway. However, as the pilots began to raise the nose of the plane, the number one engine, located on the left wing, broke off from the plane. With the remaining length of the runway, stopping the plane would be impossible, so the pilots continued with the takeoff, knowing that two engines are enough to fly a DC-10.

Shortly after the engine broke off, the plane climbed to 300 ft. It then began to roll to the left and turn. The pilots could not control the plane as the plane turned further left and began to fall. The plane crashed into a trailer park 4680 feet northwest from the end of runway 32R, with the left wing hitting the ground first. All 258 passengers, 13 crew and 2 others on the ground were killed. This became the worst ever plane crash in the United States, not counting the September 11 attacks which were crashed by hijackers and had more ground fatalities than those passengers killed in the planes.

References

Other websites

 "Public Lessons Learned from Accidents – American Airlines Flight 191" (archive)
 PlaneCrashInfo.Com – American Airlines Flight 191
 Flight 191 Remembered (Fox Chicago website, archive)

1979 in the United States
Aviation disasters in the 1970s
1970s in Illinois
Aviation disasters in the United States
May events
Ken Norton

Kenneth Howard Norton Sr. (August 9, 1943 – September 18, 2013) was an American heavyweight boxer and WBC world Heavyweight Champion. 

He was best known for his 12-round victory over Muhammad Ali, when he famously broke Ali's jaw, on March 31, 1973, becoming only the second man to defeat a peak Ali as a professional (after Joe Frazier, who won a 15-round unanimous decision against Ali on March 8, 1971).

Norton was born on August 9, 1943 in Jackson, Illinois. He studied at Northeast Missouri State University. Norton had two sons. 

Norton died on September 18, 2013, at a care facility in Las Vegas, Nevada from heart failure. He was 70 years old and had suffered a series of strokes in later life.

References

Other websites

Ken Norton's Biography at BoxRec Boxing Encyclopedia
Ken Norton Gallery from BoxRec Boxing Encyclopedia
International Boxing Hall of Fame's page about Ken Norton
Marine Corps Community Services: Marine Corps Sports Hall of Fame's article about Ken Norton

1943 births
2013 deaths
African-American boxers
Cardiovascular disease deaths in the United States
Deaths from heart failure
Sportspeople from Illinois
Marcel Reich-Ranicki

Marcel Reich-Ranicki (2 June 1920 – 18 September 2013) was a Polish-German literary critic and member of the literary group Gruppe 47. He was regarded as one of the most influential contemporary literary critics in the field of German literature and has often been called Literaturpapst ("Pope of Literature") in Germany.

Reich-Ranicki was born on 2 June 1920 in Włocławek, Poland. He was raised in Berlin, Germany. Reich-Ranicki was married to Teofila Reich-Ranicki from 1942 until her death in 2011. They had no children. Reich-Ranicki died on 18 September 2013 in Frankfurt, having previously been diagnosed with prostate cancer.

References

Other websites

Reich-Ranicki.com 
Marcel Reich-Ranicki on literaturkritik.de 

1920 births
2013 deaths
Cancer deaths in Germany
Critics
Deaths from prostate cancer
Polish writers
Writers from Berlin
Michael Giannatos

Michael or Mihalis Giannatos (1941 – 17 September 2013), alternatively spelled as Yannatos (), was a Greek actοr. 

Giannatos was born in Istanbul, Turkey in 1941. He left the city for Greece in 1964 during the long eviction period of Greeks. He was married to Chaido Giannatos. Giannatos died on 17 September 2013 from a heart attack in his Athens, Greece home, aged 72.

References

Other websites
Actor entry at IMDB
Actor entry at ishow.gr (mostly in Greek but also some in English)

1941 births
2013 deaths
Actors from Istanbul
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Disease-related deaths in Greece
Greek actors
Television actors
Stage actors
Movie actors
Eiji Toyoda

was a Japanese industrialist. He was largely responsible for bringing Toyota Motor Corporation to profitability and worldwide prominence during his tenure as president and later, as chairman.

Toyoda was born on 12 September 1913 in Nagoya, Japan. He studied at Tokyo Imperial University. Toyoda was married to Kazuko Toyoda until her death in 2002. They had three children. Toyoda died on 17 September 2013 in Toyota, Aichi from natural causes, aged 100.

References

Other websites
 

1913 births
2013 deaths
Japanese businesspeople
Deaths from natural causes
Japanese centenarians
Toyota
People from Aichi Prefecture
Erich Loest

Erich Loest (24 February 1926 – 12 September 2013) was a German writer. He also wrote under the pseudonyms Hans Walldorf, Bernd Diksen, and Waldemar Naß. From 1965 to 1975, he wrote eleven novels and 30 short stories, some under pseudonyms. In 1979 he was ostracized from East Germany and did not return until after the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1990.

Loest was born on 24 February 1926 in Mittweida, Saxony. In his later years, Loest became seriously ill and announced at an Academy of Arts ceremony in 2010 that he did not have the strength to write another novel. On the morning of 12 September 2013, he committed suicide by falling from a second-floor hospital window in Leipzig, Saxony. He was 87 years old.

References

Other websites

1926 births
2013 deaths
Writers who committed suicide
German writers
People from Saxony
Cynewulf of Wessex

Cynewulf († 786) was a West Saxon nobleman, a member of the West Saxon witan, and was King of Wessex from 757 until his death in 786.

Career 

Cynewulf was a member of the West Saxon witan. He led that council in expelling Sigeberht. Cynewulf was elected by the witan to rule Wessex in place of Sigeberht. He attested a charter at the court of King Æthelbald of Mercia. The charter was for Cynewulf to grant land to an abbot in Wiltshire. This indicates Wessex was still a dependency of Mercia. Æthelbald died a few months later. Taking advantage of this Cynewulf took back lands he lost in Berkshire and Wiltshire. Cynewulf was occupied during much of his reign in wars against the Welsh of Dumnonia. He was never able to conqueror Cornwall however. In 779, Cynewulf was defeated by Offa of Mercia at the Battle of Bensington.  and Offa then retook Berkshire, and perhaps also London. Despite this defeat, there is no evidence to suggest Cynewulf became subject to Offa (as his successor, Beorhtric was).

In 786 Cynewulf was surprised and killed by Cyneheard, the brother of the deposed king Sigeberht. The entry for the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle for the year 784 (actual date 786) was: "This year Cyneheard slew [killed] king Cenewulf, and he was there slain, and eighty-four men with him; then Beorhtric succeeded to the kingdom of the West Saxons..." Cynewulf had a long reign of twenty-nine years. He died leaving no heirs.

Notes

References

Other websites 
 Cynewulf and Cyneheard , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
 Britannia: Kings of Wessex 

Year of birth unknown
780s deaths
Kings of Wessex
Mengjiang United Autonomous Government

Mengjiang United Autonomous Government () was a puppet state of the Japanese Empire. It was located in inter Mongolia. The capital city was Kalgan.

It existed from 1939 to 1945. The ruler of the state is Demchugdongrub.

References 

Former countries in Asia
1939 establishments
1945 disestablishments in Asia
20th century in Japan
20th century in China
20th century in Mongolia
Andrea Palladio

Andrea Palladio (November 30, 1508 – August 19, 1580) was an Italian architect. He was born in Padua and died at Maser, near Treviso. He worked in and around Venice. He was influenced by Greek and Roman architecture. He influenced architects for centuries.

He wrote several books about architecture. His most famous buildings are: Villa Barbaro, Villa Capra "La Rotonda", Basilica Palladiana, Church of San Giorgio Maggiore, Il Redentore, and Teatro Olimpico.

1508 births
1580 deaths
Italian architects
Giovanni Battista Tiepolo

Giovanni Battista Tiepolo (March 5, 1696 – March 27, 1770) was an Italian decorative painter of the Baroque. He was born in Venice and died in Madrid. He had nine children upon his wife Maria Cecilia Guardi. Two of his three sons became his assistants; the third became a priest. He worked churches and palaces in Italy, Germany, and Spain.

Related pages
 List of Italian painters

1696 births
1770 deaths
18th-century Italian painters
Elegy for Brahms

Elegy for Brahms is a short orchestral work. It was written by Hubert Parry in 1897. It is in the key of A minor, and is marked Maestoso espressivo - Largamente - Tempo primo. The work quotes Brahms's music in several places. 

It was first performed after Parry's death in October 1918 at a memorial concert for him at the Royal College of Music on 8 November 1918. It received its second performance in 1977. It has been recorded by Sir Adrian Boult and Matthias Bamert.

Compositions by Hubert Parry
Orchestral works
Das Lied von der Erde

Das Lied von der Erde is a piece of music and symphonic song cycle. It was written by Gustav Mahler in 1908-1909 as a symphony with sonata form. It is a large work of six separate songs for two voices and orchestra. It is based on Hans Bethge's The Chinese Flute, an anthology of ancient Chinese poetry. It was first performed on November 20, 1911 in Munich.

Compositions by Gustav Mahler
Orchestral works
Vocal music
Evaporating dish

An evaporating dish is used to evaporate solutions - that is, to turn them from a liquid state into a gaseous (gas) state. They are often made from ceramics.

References

Laboratory equipment
Sigeberht of Wessex

Sigeberht († ) was a West Saxon nobleman and atheling. He was King of Wessex from 756 to 757.

King of Wessex 

Sigeberht was a West Saxon atheling (prince) who in 756 succeeded Cuthred as King of Wessex. in 756. After ruling a year he was accused of unlawful acts and removed from power by the witan. This council was led by Cynewulf. This same council then elected Cynewulf to replace Sigeberht as king. Sigeberht was allowed to keep Hampshire and was supported there by the ealdorman Cumbra. But Sigeberht then killed Cumbra and as a result was driven out of Hampshire. Sigeberht met his end while wandering in the great forest of the Weald, killed by a herdsman. The herdsman killed Sigeberht in revenge for killing Cumbra.

This series of events formed the basis for the story of Cynewulf and Cyneheard. Thirty years later Cynewulf was killed by Cyneheard, the brother of Sigeberht. This was either in revenge for killing his brother or because Cyneheard was about to be expelled from Wessex.

Notes

References

Other websites 
 Cynewulf and Cyneheard , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
 Britannia: Kings of Wessex 

Year of birth unknown
750s deaths
Kings of Wessex
Enrico Caruso

Enrico Caruso (February 25, 1873 – August 2, 1921) was an Italian operic tenor. He was born and died in Naples. He sang at La Scala and the Metropolitan Opera House. In 1987, he received a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award.

References

1873 births
1921 deaths
Entertainers from Campania
Italian opera singers
People from Naples
David Wright (baseball)

David Wright is an American professional baseball player. He plays on the New York Mets of Major League Baseball. He plays third base. He wears number 5.

Wright was born on December 20, 1982 in Norfolk, Virginia. He was drafted by the Mets in the 2001 draft. He started playing in the minor leagues later that year.

Wright first played for the Mets in July 2004. Since that time, he has been the Mets regular third basemen. He has been in 7 all-star games. Wright was chosen as captain of the Mets in 2013

Other websites
 David Wright MLB Blog
 David Wright at the Ultimate Mets Database
 Yahoo MLB Profile
 

New York Mets players
1982 births
Living people
People from Norfolk, Virginia
Enough Said (movie)

Enough Said is a 2013 American comedy movie directed and written by Nicole Holofcener. It is a romantic comedy with Julia Louis-Dreyfus, James Gandolfini (in one of his final film roles), Toni Collette, Catherine Keener, Ben Falcone, and Toby Huss. The movie was released to very positive reviews on September 18, 2013.

2013 movies
American romantic comedy movies
2010s romantic comedy movies
The Amazing Spider-Man 2

The Amazing Spider-Man 2 is an 2014 superhero-action movie directed by Marc Webb. It is a sequel to the 2012 Spider-Man movie The Amazing Spider-Man. Andrew Garfield, Emma Stone, Jamie Foxx, Dane DeHaan, Paul Giamatti, Martin Sheen, Denis Leary, Colm Feore, Chris Cooper, Sally Field, Chris Zylka, Marton Csokas, and Felicity Jones are in the cast.

Hans Zimmer composed the music for the movie. Spider-Man co-creator Stan Lee once again had a cameo appearance as a graduation guest. It was released on May 2, 2014. A sequel to the film, which will be titled The Amazing Spider-Man 3, will be released in 2022.

Plot
Confident in his powers as Spider-Man, Peter Parker (Andrew Garfield) embraces his new role as a hero and spends time with Gwen Stacy (Emma Stone) in between protecting New York from criminals. However, his greatest battle yet is about to begin. With the emergence of Electro (Jamie Foxx), Peter must confront an enemy far more powerful than he is. And when his old friend Harry Osborn (Dane DeHaan) returns, Peter comes to realize that all his enemies have one thing in common: Oscorp.

Release Dates

References

Other websites
 

2014 action movies
2014 science fiction movies
Movies composed by Hans Zimmer
English-language movies
Spider-Man movies
The Amazing Spider-Man (2012 movie series)
2010s superhero movies
Cuthred of Wessex

Cuthred († )  was a West Saxon nobleman and atheling. He was King of Wessex from 740 to 756.  Cuthred succeeded in restoring much of the prestige of Wessex.

King of Wessex 

At the death of King Athelheard, his kinsman Cuthred became king. During the time of Athelheard much of Wessex had been lost to King Aethelbald of Mercia. Cuthred made it known he was not as weak a ruler as Athelheard and struggled against Aethelbald being his overlord. In the first three years of Cuthred's rule he warred with Mercia. In 743 Cuthred joined Aethelbald in fighting the Welsh. By all appearances this was a friendly alliance between the two kings. But the friendship soon ended. In 748 Cuthred's son, Cynric, tried to depose his father and died in the rebellion. According to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, the rebellion was encouraged by the Mercian king.

Two years later in 750 Cuthred put down another rebellion by Athelhun, one of his ealdormen. In the day-long battle, Athelhun had fewer men but was winning until he was severely wounded. In 752, Cuthred again tried to get free of King Aethelbald. This led to a battle at Burford where Cuthred, assisted by a now faithful Athelhun, met Aethelbald and his army. The battle ended up with Aethelbald fleeing the battlefield. From that time on Cuthred maintained independence from Mercia for the rest of his reign. Cuthred died in 756. But he left a much stronger Wessex free of Mercian rule. He was succeeded by Sigeberht.

Family 

The name of Cuthred's wife is unknown. His son:

 Cynric was killed in 746.

Notes

References

Other websites 
 Britannia: Kings of Wessex 

Year of birth unknown
750s deaths
Kings of Wessex
2011 Joplin tornado

The 2011 Joplin tornado was a very violent EF5 tornado that hit Joplin, Missouri on the afternoon of May 22, 2011. It had winds of over 200 miles per hour. It killed 158 people and hurt 1,150 others. It caused $2.8 billion in damage. It is the costliest tornado to hit the United States. It was the third tornado to hit Joplin since May 1971.

References

Other websites
Time-lapse of the May 22 tornado outbreak
Radar loop of the Joplin tornado
NOAA's Aerial Survey of Joplin, Missouri 
Slideshow of damage from the tornado 

2011 in the United States
2010s in Missouri
Tornadoes in the United States
2011 in weather
Alex Henrique da Silva

Alex Henrique da Silva, better known as Alex (; born 6 January 1982), is an Armenian-Brazilian football player. He played as a defender for the club Mika Yerevan in the Armenian Premier League. He also played for the Armenian national team.

Club career
Alex Henrique da Silva started playing football for Botafogo-SP in 2011. This is his hometown's club. In 2005, he moved to São Carlos. After getting an Armenian passport, Alex moved to Armenia in the next season. He joined Mika Yerevan. Alex, with Mika, won the Armenian Cup in 2011 and the Armenian Supercup in 2012–13.

International career
He became a member of the Armenian national team in 2012. Alex played in two 2014 FIFA World Cup qualification matches that year. The matches were against Malta and Bulgaria.

Honours

Club
 Mika Yerevan
Armenian Premier League Runner-up (2): 2009, 2012–13
Armenian Cup (1): 2011
Armenian Supercup (1): 2012–13

References

Other websites
FootballDatabase.eu
Transfermarkt.co
Soccerway.com

1982 births
Living people
Armenian sportspeople
Brazilian footballers
Power forward (basketball)

Power forward is a position in basketball.  Power forwards play a role similar to that of a center in what is called the "post" or "low blocks". They usually play offensively with their backs towards the basket and position themselves defensively under the basket in a zone defense or against the power forward from the other team in a man-to-man defense.

Basketball
Tsubasa Imai

is a Japanese singer, actor and dancer. 

Imai works for the Japanese agency Johnny & Associates. He joined Johnny & Associates in 1995. He officially debuted in 2002 in the duo Tackey & Tsubasa with Hideaki Takizawa. They are signed under the record label Avex Trax.

Imai released his solo debut single "Backborn" on 24 February 2010.

Filmography
 Mokuyou no kaidan (1995)
 Brothers (ブラザーズ) (1998)
 Summer Snow (2000)
 Never Land (2001)
 Saigo no Bengonin (The Last Lawyer) (2003)
 Yoshitsune (2005)
 Haru to Natsu (2005)

References

Other websites
 Tackey & Tsubasa official webite

Singers from Kanagawa Prefecture
Japanese movie actors
Japanese voice actors
1981 births
Living people
Hideaki Takizawa

is a Japanese actor and musician. 

He is a member of the J-pop duo Tackey & Tsubasa from Tokyo. In 2012 he reached the age of 20 and completed his graduation from Johnny's Junior. In the same year he debuted with Tsubasa Imai in the group Tackey & Tsubasa under the record label Avex Trax.

Dramas 
 Ai Love Jr. variety show
 Mokuyou no Kaidan Kaiki Curabu ~ Shogakusei Hen ~ (1995)
 Mokuyou no Kaidan Kaiki Curabu ~ Chuugakusei Hen ~ (1995)
 The Chef (1995)
 Shin Mokuyou no Kaidan ~ Gakko no Nanafushigi Hen ~ (1996)
 Dareka ga Dareka ni Koishiteru [Drama SP] (1996)
 Mokuyou no Kaidan: Time keepers (1997)
 News no Onna (1998)
 Kokoro No Tobira (1998)
 Majou no Jōken (1999)
 Genroku Ryoran (1999)
 Taiyou wa Shizumanai (2000)
 Antique (based on manga, Antique Bakery) (2001)
 Strawberry on the Shortcake (2001)
 Taiyō no Kisetsu (2002)|Taiyō no Kisetsu (2002)
 Boku Dake no Madonna (2003)
 My Father's Ocean, My Sky (Chichi no Umi, Boku no Sora) (2004)
 Yoshitsune (2005–2006)
 Satomi Hakkenden" (2006)
 Kimi ga Kureta Natsu (2007)
 Romeo and Juliet (2007)
 Yukinojo Henge (2008)
 Kokuchisezu (2008)
 Orthros no Inu (2010)
 Akutou (2012)
 Mayonaka no Panya San (2013)

Songs written by Takki 
 Words of Love
 Everlasting Love
 894…Hakushi
 Madonna (for DreamBoy musical in 2004)
 Futari no Yoru
 My Angel, You are Angel (for KAT-TUN; released in Cartoon KAT-TUN II You album 2007)
 Fight All Night (for KAT-TUN; for DreamBoy musical in 2004; released in Cartoon KAT-TUN II You album 2007)
 Da.ke.do
 Jūnigatsu no Hana
 With Love
 Ai.Kakumei
 Mugen no Hane

References

Other websites
 Tackey & Tsubasa official webite

1982 births
Living people
Actors from Tokyo
Musicians from Tokyo
Pietro Mascagni

Pietro Antonio Stefano Mascagni (December 7, 1863 – August 2, 1945) was an Italian composer. He was born in Livorno, Tuscany and died in Rome. In 1890, he wrote the one-act opera, Cavalleria rusticana. This famous opera is often paired with Ruggero Leoncavallo's I pagliacci. Mascagni also wrote Iris, L'amico Fritz, and other operas. He married Lina Carbognani in 1889. They had two sons and one daughter.

1863 births
1945 deaths
Italian composers
People from Livorno
Combat Zone Wrestling

Combat Zone Wrestling (CZW) is an independent professional wrestling company founded in 1999 by John Zandig. The company is headquartered in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. They are known for their hardcore wrestling style which is dubbed as "ultraviolence". The company holds an annual Tournament of Death show that highlights the ultraviolent style of CZW and their annual Best of the Best highlights the technical and aerial style of professional wrestling. They hold annual shows at the Asylum Arena which was the former home to Extreme Championship Wrestling.

Champions

References

Other websites

Official CZW website

1999 establishments in the United States
American professional wrestling promotions
Sports in Philadelphia
1990s establishments in Pennsylvania
Jean de Venette

Jean de Venette (circa 1307 – after 1360) was born in Venette, France. He was a chronicler of the Hundred Years' War. He also recorded the events of the Black Plague, the revolt of the  Jacquerie, and other historical events that occurred in his lifetime.  Venette studied at the University of Paris. He became a Carmelite friar and shared his knowledge with his fellow monks.  Jean de Venette realized the importance of education and taught many monks how to read and write.  He also wrote a history of the Order of the Carmelites.

Jean de Venette became the Prior of the Carmelite monastery in Paris from 1339 to 1342, and was the Provincial Superior of France from 1341 to 1366. This later title made him the head of all of the Carmelite monasteries in the Province.

About 1340, he began to write down historical events happening around him.  He said he recorded them   "...in great measure as I have seen and heard them". He describes a great famine that he witnessed at age seven or eight years old.  He states it started on the 15th day of March in 1315 and lasted more than two years and ended in 1318."

In that same year of 1340 he describes a great comet that appeared in Gaul. He believed, as did many people in his time, that these events were warnings from God of bad things that would happen.

In 1341, de Venette states Prince John II of Brittany died.

In 1346 he announces that "King Edward of England set sail for Normandy with a great many armed men". 

In 1348, de Venette described the Black Plague and how brave the nuns were that cared for the people. Also how many of them died as a result of their dedication.

He wrote of battles between England and France during the Hundred Years' War where he was so close, "the arrows darkened the sky around him”.  Some of these battles he described were the siege of Calais in 1347 and the Battle of Poitiers (1356) where the French King and his son were captured.  He gives an account of what happened after Poitiers where he states that there seem to be no rule in the kingdom.  He wrote that "thieves and robbers rose up everywhere in the land and the Nobles also robbed and pillaged the peasants and took no thought for the people but rather for their own profit".

He states that in 1356, he witnessed the people of Paris building walls around their city because they did not trust the Nobles to protect them.  De Venette goes into great detail, stating that the "citizens placed iron chains across the streets and crossways of Paris".  They also built new walls, dug great ditches and tore down houses near the walls whether they were new or old.

Jean de Venette's writings are considered very important because he was an eye witness to many historical events.  His writings are detailed and vivid.  Many of the other well-known chroniclers wrote about events much later then they actually happened and relied upon one-sided accounts.  They were often commissioned by Kings and Nobles who wanted their particular point of view to be stressed.

Jean de Venette died after 1360.

References 

French historians
Monks
French writers
1307 births
1360s deaths
Athelheard of Wessex

Athelheard, also spelled Æthelheard († 740), was a West Saxon nobleman and atheling. He was the King of Wessex from 726 until his death. He took the powerful kingdom of Wessex left to him by Ine and lost much of it to Mercia.

King of Wessex 

When Ine stepped down as King of Wessex it caused a problem of succession. Ine's son had been killed rebelling against Ine a year earlier. Ine was now in his sixties and retired to Rome. He 'commended his kingdom to younger men'. It came down to a struggle between the two athelings, Oswald and Athelheard, Oswald was descended from Ceawlin. The same entry calls Athelheard kinsman to Ine. The two fought and Athelheard became king. In one charter Athelheard is called the brother of Ine's wife Atelburh.

In 733 Somerton was lost to King Aethelbald of Mercia. This was quickly followed by the territory beyond Selwood being lost to Mercia. Athelheard's authority was so weak that Aethelbald was able to give the Archbishop of Canterbury a gift of the monastery of Cookham in Berkshire (Wessex). Aethelbald also took Wiltshire, Sussex and much of the heartlands of Wessex. Athelheard could do nothing to prevent this loss. He also took part in Athelbald's wars with the Welsh. It seems Athelbald's wife, Frithugyth, was Mercian herself. In 737 she made a pilgrimage to Rome along with bishop Forthhere of Sherborne. Athelheard died in 740, his successor was his kinsman Cuthred.

Family 

He married Frithugyth. They had no known children.

Notes

References

Other websites 
 Britannia: Kings of Wessex 

Year of birth unknown
740s deaths
Kings of Wessex
Blurred Lines (song)

"Blurred Lines" is an R&B song by Robin Thicke. It has vocals by Pharrell and T.I. and was produced by Pharrell. It was released on March 26, 2013. It was the lead single from his album Blurred Lines. It has reached number one in 14 countries. It became Thicke's most successful song, being his first to reach number one on the Hot 100. He had already peaked number 14 in 2007 with "Lost Without U".

"Blurred Lines" sold more than any other single in 2013. It sold over 1.44 million copies.

Two versions of the music video were made. The first version of the video was removed from YouTube for showing topless models Emily Ratajkowski, Elle Evans, and Jessi M'Bengue.  In the second version the models are not topless. Several parodies were made. On November 12, the English pop singer Lily Allen released the video for her single "Hard Out Here". It featured Mylar balloons spelling out "Lily Allen has a baggy pussy", spoofing the balloons in Thicke's video saying "Robin Thicke has a big dick".

Thicke wanted the song to sound like Got to Give It Up by Marvin Gaye. Members of Gaye's family have accused Thicke, T.I. and Pharrell of illegal copying. Thicke offered the family a six-figure sum of money to end the lawsuit but they did not accept it.

The song was banned by twenty UK universities. Essex University students started a petition to have the song banned there too. Alice Smart, a Leeds Student Union officer, said, “I’m proud that we’ve taken the decision to stop playing ‘Blurred Lines’ in our bars and clubs because the song undermines real and dangerous issues around consent. Just because the song has been commercially successful doesn’t mean we have to play it knowing that it offends a high proportion of our students.” Thicke responded on The Today Show to feminist criticism of the song by saying, "If you listen to the lyrics it says 'That man is not your maker.' It's actually a feminist movement in itself". He also said in an interview with the BBC that criticism of the lyrics by a rape charity is 'ridiculous'.

Thicke has said that he would like to do another song with T.I. and Pharrell.

On December 26, 2013, Rob Sheffield wrote for Rolling Stone that "Blurred Lines" was the worst song not just of the year, but of any year.

In December 2013, "Blurred Lines" was nominated for Best Pop Duo/Group Performance and Record of the Year at the Grammy Awards.

The video for "Blurred Lines" was the seventh most watched video on VEVO in 2013.

References

2013 songs
Controversies
Funk songs
Plagiarism
Soul songs
Songs about sexuality
R&B songs
Arthus reaction

In immunology, the Arthus reaction is a kind of local allergic reaction, when antibodies react to a chemical or protein in a person's blood, and have the antibodies get stuck in the walls of blood vessels in organs such as the heart, in joints, and kidneys.

History
The Arthus reaction was discovered by Nicolas Maurice Arthus in 1903. Arthus repeatedly injected ingredients of horse blood under the skin of rabbits. After four injections, he found that there was swelling and that the mixture was absorbed slowly.  Further injections eventually led to dying of cells.

Arthus reactions have been infrequently reported after diphtheria and tetanus toxoid vaccinations. They are rare and can cause pain, swelling, bleeding, and occasionally death of tissue within 4–12 hours after the vaccine is given.

Related pages
 Serum sickness

References

Immunology
Installation art

Installation art is a style of visual art that uses three-dimensional objects. These artworks are usually meant to change the perception of a space (the way a space is seen). Installation artworks can be permanent or temporary and are shown in museums, galleries or in public spaces.

Some of the earliest installation artworks were Marcel Duchamp's readymade objects. However, the real development started in the 1970s. Today, with the improvement of technology, artists use and mix new medias and may involve sensors too in order to make the visitors interact with the installations.

Gallery

Bibliography
 Bishop, Claire. Installation Art a Critical History. London: Tate, 2005.
 Coulter-Smith, Graham. Deconstructing Installation Art. Online resource
 “Installation.” Oxford English Dictionary. 2006. Oxford English Dictionary Online. 30 January 2006 .
 “Install, v.” Oxford English Dictionary. 2006. Oxford English Dictionary Online. 30 January 2006 .
 Reiss, Julie H. From Margin to Center: The Spaces of Installation Art. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2001. 
 Rosenthal, Mark. Understanding Installation Art: From Duchamp to Holzer. Munich: Prestel Verlag, 2003. 
 Suderburg, Erika. Space, Site, Intervention: Situating Installation Art. Minneapolis London: University of Minnesota Press, 2000. 
 Ferriani, Barbara. Ephemeral Monuments: History and Conservation of Installation Art. Los Angeles: Getty Publications, 2013. 

Art movements
Joakim Nordström

Joakim Nordström (born February 25, 1992) is a Swedish professional ice hockey centre. He is currently playing for Carolina Hurricanes of the National Hockey League (NHL). He has also played in the NHL for the Chicago Blackhawks and in the Elitserien (SEL) for AIK IF.

Career
He debuted in the SEL on 23 September 2010 in a game against Södertälje SK. He was drafted 90th overall by the Chicago Blackhawks in the 2010 NHL Entry Draft. On January 5, 2012, he won the gold medal with Sweden during the 2012 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships.

On May 29, 2012, he was signed a three-year, entry-level contract with the Blackhawks but remained with AIK for the 2012–13 season.

On March 13, 2015, Nordström was suspended for two games for boarding after hitting Arizona Coyotes defenseman Oliver Ekman-Larsson.

On June 15, 2015, he won the Stanley Cup with the Blackhawks after they defeated the Tampa Bay Lightning in six games.

On September 11, 2015, Nordström was traded along with Kris Versteeg to the Carolina Hurricanes in exchange for a 3rd round draft pick in the 2017 NHL Entry Draft. Nordström and Versteeg were traded because the Blackhawks had to make cap space for Marcus Kruger.

References

Other websites 

1992 births
American Hockey League players
Carolina Hurricanes players
Chicago Blackhawks players
Living people
Stanley Cup champions
Swedish ice hockey players
Swedish Hockey League players
Ice hockey centres