cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Cholecystitis

Cholecystitis is when the gallbladder gets inflamed. If it is not treated, cholecystitis can become life-threatening, such as if it results in one's gallbladder rupturing. Treating cholecystitis often involves removing the gallbladder.

Notable cases
After his assassination, U.S. President James A. Garfield might have had a case of cholecystitis that resulted in his condition becoming worse starting from late July 1881. The reason for this might have been that President Garfield's doctors might have accidentally injured and created a hole in his bladder while they were searching his body for his assassin Charles Guiteau's bullet.

References

Diseases and disorders of the digestive system
Inflammation
The Girl with the Red Hair

The Girl with the Red Hair () is a 1981 Dutch World War II drama movie directed by Ben Verbong and was based on the biography novel of Hannie Schaft. It stars Renée Soutendijk, Peter Tuinman, Loes Luca, Johan Leysen, Robert Delhez, Ada Bouwman, Adrian Brine.

Other websites

1981 drama movies
1980s war movies
1980s biographical movies
Dutch drama movies
World War II movies
Movies based on books
Movies directed by Ben Verbong
Taça da Liga

The Taça da Liga, commonly known outside Portugal as the Portuguese League Cup, is an association football competition. It is organised by the Liga Portuguesa de Futebol Profissional (LPFP), and is played between teams that play in the Primeira Liga and LigaPro, the top 2 divisions of Portuguese football. The Taça de Portugal winner does not qualify for European competitions.

It was established during the 2007–08 season, and became the third official competition for professional clubs in Portugal. For sponsorship reasons, it is currently known as Allianz Cup.

Finals

Performance by club

References

Other websites
  
 Portugal - List of League Cup Finals, RSSSF.com

Establishments in Portugal
2007 establishments in Europe
2007 in association football
Football competitions in Europe
Football in Portugal
Barreiro, Portugal

Barreiro is a city and a municipality in the District of Setúbal in Portugal. It officially became a city in 1984.

Sports
F.C. Barreirense is the largest team in Barreiro. Portuguese international footballers like José Augusto, Fernando Chalana, and João Cancelo were born in Barreiro, as well as Dutch international Bruno Martins Indi.

Other websites
Town Hall official website
Facebook Page
 Android App : VisitBarreiro

Cities in Portugal
Municipalities of Portugal
Hans Horneff

Hans Horneff (ハンス・ホルネフ, Hansu horunefu, March 10, 1917 - April 30, 1995) is a German-born American film actor who appearance in both Japanese and US films. He speaks fluently German and English. Horneff was also a radio host for the CBS News Radio and voice actor for Hanna-Barbera Productions.

Career 
He was born in Munich, Germany to Alfred Horneff (1883-1960), a photographer for the Bayerische Staatszeitung and Lina (1892-1963), an elementary school teacher. He had three siblings, Frank (1915-1988), Gabriele (1922-2001) and Louise (1924-2013). Horneff grew up and was educated in Munich, before they immigrated to New York, after he graduated from college in 1941. Interested in stage play, Horneff got a small part in an independently produced Grade-B Western, but his show business career then crumbled due to lack of budgets. In 1940, he became a stage performer until 1942.

In 1944, Horneff moved to Century City, California and became an actor at Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer where he played as a Nazi officer in many World War II films, US Cavalry trooper, gangster, US Army personal, news reporter and NATO defense soldier. Thereafter, he became a character actor in both films and television series throughout the 1950s and 1960s. He also did a live commentary as a radio presenter in the CBS News Radio between 1948-1957. In 1958, he married Carla Addison (1923-2006), who was a makeup artist and had two children, Calvin (1960-) & Caroline (1962-). During the early 1960s, the family moved to Tokyo on a vacation when movie producers signed him up as a foreigner character for each movie studios like Toho and Toei from 1961 to 1969.

After returning to America in 1969, he worked at Hanna Barbera Production as a character voice actor. Horneff retired from acting in 1986 and continued to live his normal life with his family. He passed away in 1995 from liver cancer in New York at the age of 76.

Films 

 All films and TV series on IMDb
Potloi (costume)

Potloi or Polloi (literally, "final product" or "end product") is a cylindrical skirt made up of thick fabric that is ornamented with sequins and mirrors. It is usually used by the Meitei Hindu brides in Meitei wedding and the dancers in the Manipuri Rasa Leela dance. Notably, it is not used by the brides in traditional (Sanamahist) Meitei wedding.

Interestingly, Radha and Chandrabali wear green potloi and red blouse whereas the Gopis wear red potloi and green blouse in the Manipuri dance.

Gallery

References

Meitei culture
Podolia

Podolia, also known as Podilia, is a region in Ukraine that's located south of Volhynia, north of both Moldova and Bukovina, and northwest of the Dniester River. It was a part of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (where it had the highest population density) until the late 18th century, when it was split between Austria and Russia due to the partitions of Poland. Even afterwards, the Polish nobility continued to dominate Podolia while the peasants there were mostly Ukrainians. By the end of the 19th century, Ukrainian nationalism began spreading to Podolia. The towns of western Podolia failed to become large cities because they were overshadowed by Lviv. During the Russian Civil War, Poland, Ukraine, the White Russians, and the Bolsheviks all competed for Podolia. In the end, Podolia got divided between Poland, who got western Podolia, and the Soviet Union, who got eastern Podolia. This situation existed until World War II, when the Soviet Union conquered all of Podolia. Due to World War II, the Holocaust, and later emigration, the Jewish and Polish populations of Podolia significantly decreased. After the end of World War II, the Russian population in Podolia increased significantly. Even today, Podolia is one of the most agricultural and least industrialized parts of Ukraine.

References
Kingdom in the Clouds

Kingdom in the Clouds (Romanian: Tinerețe fără bătrânețe – literal title: Youth Without Old Age) is a 1969 Romanian Russian fantasy movie directed by Elisabeta Bostan and starring Carmen Stănescu, Nicolae Secăreanu, Emanoil Petruț, Anna Széles, Mircea Breazu, Ioan Tugearu. It was distributed by Paramount Pictures.

Other websites

1969 movies
1960s fantasy movies
Romanian movies
Russian movies
Movies directed by Elisabeta Bostan
Cairo Station

Cairo Station also called The Iron Gate ( Bāb al-Ḥadīd) is a 1958 Egyptian crime drama movie directed by Youssef Chahine (who also stars) and also starring Fariq Shawqi, Hind Rostom, Said Khalil.

Other websites

1958 drama movies
1950s crime movies
Egyptian movies
Movies directed by Youssef Chahine
The Blazing Sun (1954 movie)

The Blazing Sun (, ) is a 1954 Egyptian romantic drama movie directed by Youssef Chahine and starring Omar Sharif (in his movie debut), Faten Hamama, Zaki Rostom, Farid Shawqi.

Other websites

1954 drama movies
1950s romantic drama movies
Egyptian movies
Movies directed by Youssef Chahine
Doris Leuthard

Doris Leuthard (born 10 April 1963) is a Swiss lawyer and politician. She was the President of the Swiss Confederation for 2010 and 2017.

Biography 
Leuthard graduated from the Faculty of Law of the University of Zurich, she took language courses in Paris and Calgary. 

In 1989, she started her law practice. 

From 1991 to 2006, she worked as a lawyer.

In 1997-2000, Leuthard was a member of the parliament of the canton of Aargau. 

From 1999 to 2006, she was a member of the Swiss National Council.

Leuthard was a vice-chairman of the Christian Democratic People's Party in 2001-2004 and party chairman from 2004 to 2006.

On June 14, 2006, she was elected a member of the Federal Council and became the fifth woman in its history. 

On August 1, 2006, Leuthard headed the Federal Department of Economic Affairs. 

On November 1, 2010, she headed the Department of Environment, Transport, Energy and Communications.

In December 2008, Leuthard became Vice President of Switzerland, and in December 2009 she took a position of President.

On December 7, 2016, she was re-elected President of Switzerland.

Since 2019, Leuthard is a member of the board of the Kofi Annan Foundation.

References

Other websites 
 UVEK

1963 births
Presidents of the Swiss Confederation
Swiss lawyers
Living people
The Angel of Mercy

The Angel of Mercy (, translit. Malak al-Rahma) is a 1946 Egyptian drama movie directed by Youssef Wahbi (who also stars) and also starring Faten Hamama, Farid Shawqi, Negma Ibrahim, Raqiya Ibrahim.

Other websites
 

1946 drama movies
Egyptian movies
Movies directed by Youssef Wahbi
In Your Hands

In Your Hands or Bain Edik is a 1960 Egyptian romantic comedy movie directed by Youssef Chahine and starring Magda, Shukri Sarhan, Naima Wasfi, Abdel Fatah Al Kasri, Zeenat Sidqi.

Other websites
 

1960 romance movies
1960 comedy movies
1960s romantic comedy movies
Egyptian movies
Movies directed by Youssef Chahine
Aggtelek

Aggtelek is a village in Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén county.

Location 
Aggtelek is located in the Hungaro-Slovakian border.

Connections 
Aggtelek got a minor road heading between Szin and Sajókaza. The village also got a small road that connects Slovakia with it.

History 
The village was already exist before the Hungarian conquest. The cave was known even that time, Csokonay and Petőfi was in it. In 1858, a fire destroyed the entire village; only the school and one residential buildings remained. In the World War II, the soviet troops ruined Aggtelek. When new mines opened near Kazincbarcika, Aggtelek got several commercial chances. In 1995, the Baradla caves become part of the UNESCO Heritage Sites.

Landmarks 

 Baradla-cave
 Bell tower
 Cave guest house
 Peace-cave
 Petőfi culture house

Villages in Hungary
Jean Muir

Jean Elizabeth Muir CBE FCSD (/mjʊər/ MEWR; 17 July 1928 – 28 May 1995) was a famous British fashion designer.

Early life 
Muir was born in London. She is the daughter of Cyril Muir, a draper's floor superintendent, and his wife, Phyllis Coy. Her father was an Aberdonian, and Muir would attribute her creative fashion designer and self-discipline to this Scottish ancestry.

Education 
She was educated at the Bedford Girls' Modern School.

References

1928 births
1995 deaths
British fashion designers
A. & L. Tirocchi Gowns

A.& L. Tirocchi Gowns (also known as Di Renaissance) was a business founded in 1911 in Providence, Rhode Island.

Early life 
Anna (b.c. 1873) and Laura Tirocchi (b.c. 1888) were half-sisters born into a landowning family in the working-class town of Guarcino, Italy. They had different fathers. They received high-quality training in dressmaking and design in Rome, Italy where they moved with their mother.

Notability 
The sisters and their business are notable. Their quarters were preserved by the family in situ after it closed in 1947. The contents were donated in 1989 to Rhode Island School of Design which, with Brown University and the University of Rhode Island, worked for years to inventory and catalog the records and materials. 

In 2001 the business was the subject of an exhibition at the RISD Museum. This is believed to be the most complete collection of a 20th-century custom dressmaking business in existence.

References 

Dresses
Manufacturing
Rhode Island
Elizabeth Keckley

Elizabeth Hobbs Keckley (sometimes spelled Keckly; February 1818 – May 1907) was a former slave who became a successful seamstress, civil activist, and author in Washington, DC, United States.

References
Janet Walker

Janet Walker is a Chartered Arbitrator with offices in Toronto, Canada, London, England and Sydney, Australia. She is a Canadian scholar and author in the fields of Private International Law.

Education 
Walker holds B.A. (Hons.) and M.A. degrees from York University, an LL.B. degree from Osgoode Hall Law School and a DPhil from Oxford University.

Teaching career 
She is a Professor and former Associate Dean at Osgoode Hall Law School, York University, where she lectures Conflict of Laws and International Dispute Resolution and is co-director of the Osgoode Professional Development LLM Program in Civil Litigation and Dispute Resolution. She coached the Osgoode Hall team for the Willem C. Vis Moot during 2001-2014, including when they won the competition in 2004, and has sat as Arbitrator for the competition.

References
Carb loading

Carb loading, also known as carbo-loading, is a method athletes use to try to fill up their body with glycogen for being able to use more energy.  It is done by eating a meal high in carbohydrates just right before an activity such as a long distance run. Some atheletes might not feel good from using this method.

References 

Carbohydrates
Alice Palmer

Alice J. Palmer (born June 20, 1939) is an American educator and politician who served as a member of the Illinois Senate. Known as a longtime progressive activist, Palmer represented the state's 13th Senate District from June 6, 1991, until January 8, 1997.

References

1939 births
Living people
State legislators of the United States
Politicians from Indianapolis, Indiana
Politicians from Chicago
Educators from Chicago
US Democratic Party politicians
Educators from Indianapolis, Indiana
Robert Lustig

Robert H. Lustig (born 1957) is an American pediatric endocrinologist. He has been known for speaking out against sugar. He has been mentioned in some articles about the bad effects of sugar. He does not believe that a calorie is a calorie.

Written books 

 (2010) Obesity Before Birth: Maternal and Prenatal Influences on the Offspring. Boston: Springer Science.
 (2013) Fat Chance: Beating the Odds against Sugar, Processed Food, Obesity, and Disease. New York: Hudson Street Press.
 (2013) Sugar Has 56 Names: A Shopper's Guide, Avery.
 (2014) with Heather Millar, The Fat Chance Cookbook, Thorndike Press.
 (2017) "The Hacking of the American Mind", Avery.

References 

1957 births
American physicians
Diets
People from Brooklyn
Living people
Ryan Potter

Ryan Ken Potter (born Ryan Ken Hagimoto; September 12, 1995) is an American actor.

Early life 
Potter was born in Portland, Oregon to Keiji Hagimoto and Jordanna Potter. His father is Japanese and His mother is of Ashkenazi Jewish, English, French-Canadian, German, Irish, Northern Irish (Scotch-Irish), Scottish, Swedish, Swiss and Welsh descent.

Other websites 

 
 Ryan Potter at TV Guide
 

1995 births
American child actors
American movie actors
American martial artists
American television actors
American voice actors
Actors from Los Angeles
Actors from Portland, Oregon
Jewish American actors
Living people
The Bus (video game)

The Bus is a bus simulation game developed by TML-Studios and published by Aerosoft. The early access version was available via Steam for Microsoft Windows on 25 March 2021.

Gameplay
The Bus is described as "the next generation of city bus driving simulation".  It is set in the capital city of Germany, Berlin, featuring a scale of 1:1 recreation of the city.

References

Other websites
  

2021 video games
Simulator video games
Steve McKean

Stephen Ronald McKean   ( – 3 May 2021) was an American-born New Zealand basketball coach. He first moved to New Zealand in 1971. He was coach of the New Zealand men's national basketball team. He also coached in the New Zealand NBL and was the league's coach of the year in 1992.

McKean was married and had a daughter. He died of cancer on 3 May 2021 in New Plymouth. He was 77.

References

Other websites
Steve McKean college statistics at Sports-Reference.com

1940s births
2021 deaths
American basketball players
Coaches
Deaths from cancer
New Zealand sportspeople
Gyros (food)

A gyro or gyros is a Greek food. It is cooked on a vertical rotisserie then thinly sliced.

Gyros are traditionally served with tzatziki in a pita bread and it can be made with pork, beef and lamb.

It is a popular fast food in Greece and America.

Related pages 
 Shawarma

Greek food
Meat dishes
Merten's yellow tree frog

Merten's yellow tree frog (Dendropsophus robertmerntensi) is a frog that lives in Mexico.  It lives on the west side of Mexico, by the Pacific Ocean, in forests and wetlands.

References

Frogs
Animals of South America
Magua (clothing)

The magua ( Manchu:  olbo) was a style of jacket worn by males during the Chinese Qing dynasty (1644–1911). It was designed to be worn together with the manshi changshan ().

It was worn by Manchu people throughout China from the reign of the Qing Shunzhi Emperor (r. 1643-1661) until the time of the Kangxi Emperor, (r. 1661-1722).

References

Clothing
2021 Peru bus crash

On 12 April 2021, at around 7:00 am (local time) a bus of the company of “Fama Tours SA” crashed in an area with many mountains in the Pomabamba Province or Sihuas Province in the northern Ancash Region, Peru. The bus slipped and turned over. The bus was coming back from the areas of Huanchayllo and Parobamba District as it was heading to Lima. Further reasons for the crash have not yet been given. 18 people died at the location of the crash and another two people died on their way to the hospital. 14 people were injured.

References

2021 disasters
2021 bus crash
April 2021 events
2020s disasters in South America
Transport disasters
Hiʻiaka (moon)

Hi'iaka is a moon that orbits a dwarf planet called Hauema, which is further away from the Sun than Neptune is.

Hi'iaka is named after a Hawaiian goddess.

References

Moons
Space
Astronomy
Pitch (resin)

Pitch is a type of polymer. It can be natural or man-made. It can be gotten from petroleum, coal tar, or plants. Pitch made from plants is also called resin. Some things that are made from plant resin are also known as rosin.

Properties
Pitch is very viscous. It has a viscosity approximately 230 billion times that of water. An experiment was done by the University of Queensland. The experiment is called the pitch drop experiment. In the experiment, pitch was put in a glass funnel and allowed to slowly drip out. Since the pitch was allowed to start dripping in 1930, only nine drops have fallen. The eighth drop fell on 28 November 2000, and the ninth drop fell on 17 April 2014.

Uses
Pitch was used to help caulk the seams of wooden sailing vessels. It was used to cover earthenware containers to preserve wine. Pitch may also be used to make wooden containers waterproof. It is also used in making torches that use fire.

It is used for polishing high-quality optical lenses and mirrors. Some types of pitch is used in making jewellery.

References

Polymers
Robert, Count of Clermont

Robert, Count of Clermont was the sixth son of French King Louis IX and the younger brother of Philip III of France. In 1279, due to him suffering a head injury in his first jousting tournament, Robert became an invalid for the rest of his life. After Henry III of France was assassinated in 1589 and the House of Valois ran out of males (since females and female-line descendants of French royalty could not inherit the French throne), Henry IV of France became the first French King from the House of Bourbon due to his male-line ancestry from Robert, Count of Clermont.

Family and descendants
Robert married Beatrice, Duchess of Bourbon and together they had a son, Louis I, Duke of Bourbon, who was the founder of the House of Bourbon through his two sons. The elder line of the House of Bourbon was made up of the Dukes of Bourbon, and it became extinct in the male line in 1527. Meanwhile, the younger line of the House of Bourbon, the House of Bourbon-La Marche–later known as the House of Bourbon-Vendome, acquired the French throne in 1589 once the House of Valois became extinct in the male line.

References
Destiny (1997 movie)

Destiny (, translit. al-Maṣīr; ) is a 1997 Egyptian French drama movie directed by Youssef Chahine and starring Nour El-Sherif, Laila Eloui, Mahmoud Hemida, Safia El Emari, Mohamed Mounir, Khaled El Nabawy.

Other websites

1997 drama movies
Egyptian movies
French drama movies
Movies directed by Youssef Chahine
Louis I, Duke of Bourbon

Louis I, Duke of Bourbon (c. 1270 – c. 1342) was a French prince, the son of Robert, Count of Clermont and Beatrice (Beatrix) of Bourbon and the grandson of Louis IX of France. The House of Bourbon is descended from him in the male line through his younger son Jacques I, Count of La Marche.

Life
He took part in several military campaigns, including those at Courtrai (1302) and Mons-en-Pévèle (1304), and two times was put in charge of proposed crusades that never actually occurred. He became the Grand Chamberlain of France in 1310 and became the Duke of Bourbon in 1327 thanks to Charles IV of France. He had two sons, Peter I, Duke of Bourbon, and Jacques I, Count of La Marche, from whom the later French Kings from the House of Bourbon (starting from Henry IV of France in 1589) descend in the male line.

References

13th-century births
14th-century deaths
Princes and princesses
French royalty
E♭(musical note)

E♭ (E-flat; also called mi bémol) is the first note of the E♭ major scale.

Well-known compositions in E-flat major
The prelude to Richard Wagner's Das Rheingold is a famous piece of drone music that begins with a low E flat and builds to more elaborate forms of the E flat major chord. It is used in this opera to portray the motion of the river Rhine.

Designation by octave

Common scales beginning on E
E Major: E F G A B C D E
E Natural Minor: E F G A B C D E
E Harmonic Minor: E F G A B C D E
E Melodic Minor Ascending: E F G A B C D E
E Melodic Minor Descending: E D C B A G F E

References

Musical notes
Yalkaparidontia

Yalkaparidon is an extinct genus of Australian marsupials, first described in 1988 and known only from the Oligo-Miocene deposits of Riversleigh, northwestern Queensland, Australia.

A detailed study on its morphology, including newly-referred tarsal material published in 2014 found that it was likely a crown group marsupial, and probably an australidelphian, but its unusual morphology made its precise placement uncertain.

References

Marsupials
Marsupials of Australia
Pomona (goddess)

Pomona was the Roman goddess of fruit trees, orchards, and harvests. Her name comes from the Latin word pomum, meaning "fruit."

References

Gods and goddesses
Roman mythology
Bedkot Municipality

Bedkot Municipality is in Kanchanpur District of Sudurpashchim Province, Nepal.

Bedkot Municipality 
Suda VDC is located in Mahendranagar, the district main office of Kanchanpur district in the Mahakali Zone under the Far Western Province of Nepal. Entire area falling within the total area of Daiji VDC is the proposed Bedkot municipality, 13 km from the district headquarters of Kanchanpur. It is a developing area up to the east, including Mahendra Highway and Jogbudha Dadeldhura Road. It is located on the east by Shuklaphata Wildlife Sanctuary, Arjuni Post (Jhalari Pipladi Municipality), on the west by Bhimdatta Municipality, on the north by Chure Range (Dadeldhura District) and on the south by Shuklaphanta Reserve. This N.P. Inside, educational development, drinking water, health, communication, agriculture, transport and electricity as well as four regional offices related to agriculture are being developed and initiatives are also being taken in the industrial sector. The huge, clean and beautiful Bedkot Lake, Vand Lake, Siddha Sarovar, Baidyanath Dham, Old Age Home, Shivalingakruti Bhamkeshwar Mahadev in the middle of the Chure range in the northern part of this municipality can be the main source of development if managed as a religious tourist area.

References 
 https://bedkotmun.gov.np/en
https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23067975
 https://www.facebook.com/Bedkot-Municipality-Office-1500599623577035/

Municipalities of Nepal
James I, Count of La Marche

James I, Count of La Marche (1319 – 6 April 1362) was a French prince, the younger son of Louis I, Duke of Bourbon and the younger brother of Peter I, Duke of Bourbon. He was killed in 1362 at the Battle of Brignais, during the Hundred Years' War between the House of Plantagenet (which ruled over England and parts of France) and the House of Valois (which ruled over most of France). He was the father of John, Count of La Marche, who married Catherine of Vendome and together had a son named Louis, Count of Vendome. James is also the male-line ancestor of Henry IV of France, the first French King from the House of Bourbon.

References

1319 births
1362 deaths
Princes and princesses
French royalty
Pitch Lake

The Pitch Lake is the largest natural deposit of asphalt in the world. It is estimated to contain 10 million tons of asphalt. It can be found in La Brea in southwest Trinidad, inside the Siparia Regional Corporation. The lake covers about 100 acres (0,405 square kilometres). The lake is 250 feet (76,2 metres) deep.

History
The Pitch Lake has been very interesting to explorers and scientists. It was re-discovered by Sir Walter Raleigh in his expedition there in 1595. Raleigh himself used the asphalt to caulk his ship. The native Amerindians told Raleigh where he can find the lake. The native Amerindians had their own story about where the lake came from. The story goes that the people living there were celebrating a victory over a rival tribe when they got carried away in their celebration. They then cooked and ate the sacred hummingbird which they believed possessed the souls of their ancestors. According to legend, their winged God punished them by opening the earth and calling the pitch lake to swallow the entire village. So, the lake became a reminder of their sins. The local villages believe this legend because found many Amerindian artifacts and a skull that have been discovered and preserved, in the pitch.

In 1887, Amzi Barber, an American businessman known as "The Asphalt King", got a 42-year monopoly concession from the British Government for the Pitch Lake for his company, Barber Asphalt Paving Co. It was from the Pitch Lake that many of the first asphalt roads of New York City, Washington D.C., and other Eastern U.S. cities were paved.

References 

Lakes 
Lakes_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago
Operational transformation

In computer science, operational transformation is a technique in building collaborative software systems.

System architecture
Collaboration systems using operational transformations typically use replicated document storage where each user has their own copy of the document. Users operate on their own local copies. Their changes are then pushed to the rest of the users. When a user receives the changes pushed from another user, they typically transform the changes before executing them.

Basics
 The idea of operational transformation is to transform (or adjust) the variables of an editing operation according to the effects of previously executed operations so that the transformed operation can achieve the correct effect and maintain document consistency.

Operational transformation can be shown by using the example of a text editing scenario. Given a text document with a string "abc" replicated at two collaborating sites; and two concurrent operations:

 O1 = Insert[0, "x"] (to insert character "x" at position "0")
 O2 = Delete[2, "c"] (to delete the character "c" at position "2")

generated by two users at sites one and two, suppose the two operations are executed in the order of O1 and O2 (at site one). After executing O1, the document becomes "xabc". To execute O2 after O1, O2 must be transformed against O1 to become: O2' = Delete[3, "c"], whose position variable is incremented by one due to the insertion of one character "x" by O1. Executing O2' on "xabc" deletes the correct character "c" and the document becomes "xab". However, if O2 is executed without transformation, it incorrectly deletes character "b" rather than "c".

Other websites
  Operational Transformation Frequently Asked Questions and Answers

Computer science
J. Martin Hunter

J. Martin Hunter (1937 – 9 October 2021) was a British lawyer specializing in arbitration. He was an emeritus professor at Nottingham Trent University.

Education 
Hunter attended The Pilgrims' School, Winchester, then the Shrewsbury School. He attended National Military Service, then studied at Pembroke College, Cambridge. He holds bachelor of arts (Law) from the University of Cambridge.

Career 
Hunter was an articled clerk at Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer. After studied at the College of Law, London, he became an associate at Freshfields and a partner. He also became a member of the International Bar Association in 1967.

Death
Martin died on 9 October 2021 at the age of 84.

References 

2021 deaths
1937 births
British academics
British lawyers
Markiyan Malsky

Markiyan Markiyanovych Malsky (; born 11 December 1984) is a Ukrainian politician. He is a former Governor of Lviv Oblast (from 5 July till 26 December 2019).

Education 
Malsky holds master's degree in International Economic Relations from the University of Lviv and Master of Law diplomas. He also studied at Stockholm University (Sweden) (LL.M. in international commercial arbitration, magna cum laude) and at the World Trade Institute (Bern, Switzerland) (Master of International Law and Economics, summa cum laude). In 2012, he received a PhD in Law from the Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. He Obtained PhD hab. degree in Law in September 2020.

Publications

 Recognition and enforcement of foreign arbitral awards in Ukraine - 2007, p.259;
 Adverse inference in WTO law and other dispute settlement fora - 2008, p.260;
 Arbitration Agreement. Theoretical and Practical Aspects - 2013, p. 374;
 International enforcement process. Theory and Practice - 2019, p.470.

References

Living people
1984 births
Hadiza Isma El-Rufai

Hadiza Isma El-Rufai (born June 21, 1960) is a Nigerian writer and wife to the current governor of Kaduna State, Mallam Nasir El-Rufai.

Education 
She holds bachelor degree in architecture and master's degree in Architecture, and an MBA from Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria. She also obtained a Masters in Creative Writing from Bath Spa University, United Kingdom.

References
Stephen M. Schwebel

Stephen Myron Schwebel (born March 10, 1929), is an American jurist, counsel and independent arbitrator. He serves as Judge of the World Bank Administrative Tribunal and as a member of the U.S. national group at the Permanent Court of Arbitration.

References 

American judges
People from New York City
1929 births
Living people
Gilbert Guillaume

Gilbert Guillaume (born 4 December 1930) is a French jurist. He served as Judge of the International Court of Justice be and served as its president between.

Biography 
Guillaume was born in Bois-Colombes. He is member of the Académie des Sciences Morales et Politiques.

References
Power Play

Power Play is a 2003 American action film directed by Joseph Zito. Some action scenes were filmed in the city of Curitiba, Brazil.

Cast
 Dylan Walsh 
 Alison Eastwood 
 Tobin Bell 
 Brixton Karnes

Sources

Other websites
 

2003 action movies
2003 movies
American action movies
Movies directed by Joseph Zito
Archezoa

Archezoa was a kingdom in taxonomy, which is the system that scientists use to put living things in groups. Thomas Cavalier-Smith said taxonomy should have a kingdom called Archezoa, which would contain some living things that have organelles in their cells. Scientists stopped using Archezoa after they learned more about those living things.

References

Taxonomy
History of science
Jacques d'Amboise (dancer)

Jacques d'Amboise (born Joseph Jacques Ahearn, July 28, 1934 – May 2, 2021) was an American ballet dancer, choreographer, actor and educator. He began working for the New York City Ballet in 1949 and was named principal dancer in 1953. He also starred in Seven Brides for Seven Brothers and Carousel.

D'Amboise founded the National Dance Institute in 1976 to promote dance to children. He received the MacArthur Fellowship in 1990, the Kennedy Center Honors in 1995 and the National Medal of Arts in 1998.

D'Amboise died at his home in Manhattan on May 2, 2021 from problems caused by a stroke, at the age of 86.

References

1934 births
2021 deaths
Deaths from stroke
American dancers
Educators from Massachusetts
American choreographers
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
Actors from Massachusetts
Actors from New York City
Rulers of Ancient Manipur before Nongta Lailen Pakhangpa

There is a well established chronology of the reigns of rulers in Ancient Manipur (Ancient Kangleipak) before the reign of Emperor Nongda Lairen Pakhangba () of the Ningthouja dynasty, that is before 33 AD. According to ancient sources, Nongta Lailen Pakhangpa fought fierce battles against the Khaba-Nganba dynasty to win over the sacred city of Kangla in Ancient Manipur.

First ten rulers
There is a genealogy of ten successive foremost rulers in ancient Manipur kingdom.   

After the reigns of these ten kings, there is a great historical gap, from 1199 BC to 44 BC.

Rulers after the great historical gap

After this, the reign of Nongta Lailen Pakhangpa started from 33 AD, with the annexation of the Kangla by the Ningthouja dynasty.

Achievements and Development

Invention of Polo

The present day game polo was originally developed from the traditional Sagol Kangjei game, which was invented by King Ningthou Kangba (1405 BC- 1359 BC).

Invention of calendar

During the reign of Maliyapham Palcha (aka. Mariyafambalcha) (1359 BC- 1329 BC), the present day Meitei calendar was invented and developed in a systematic way for public usage.

Civilizational upgradations

During the reign of Poireiton, a semi-historical and semi-mythical ruler, there were much advancements in the civilization.
 The invention of the knowledge of the systematic usage of fire and fireworks. 
 The presently known Chakhao paddy plant (aromatic black rice) was first cultivated in the plains of Manipur (Kangleipak) kingdom.

References

Kings of Ancient Manipur
History of Manipur
Shavkat Mirziyoyev

Shavkat Miromonovich Mirziyoyev (Uzbek Latin: Shavkat Miromonovich (Miromon o‘g‘li) Mirziyoyev, Uzbek Cyrillic: Шавкат Миромонович (Миромон ўғли) Мирзиёев; born 24 July 1957) is an Uzbek politician. He has been the President of Uzbekistan and Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of Uzbekistan since 2016.

Following the death of President Islam Karimov, he was appointed by the Supreme Assembly as interim president of Uzbekistan on 8 September 2016. In October 2021, Shavkat Mirziyoyev was re-elected President of Uzbekistan.

References

1957 births
Living people
Presidents of Uzbekistan
Prime Ministers of Uzbekistan
Current national leaders
President of Uzbekistan

The President of the Republic of Uzbekistan () is the head of state and executive authority in Uzbekistan. The office of President was created in 1991, replacing the position of Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Uzbek SSR.

The president is directly elected for a term of five years, by citizens of Uzbekistan who have reached 18 years of age.

List of presidents

References
Persian pop

P-pop (abbreviation: Persian pop) or Iranian pop refers to a popular contemporary music in the Iran born from the Iranian genre. With its beginnings in the 1920s, P-pop is a growing genre. It stems from a broader genre, Indian pop.

Music genres
Pop music
Prime Minister of Uzbekistan

This is a list of prime ministers of Uzbekistan (), from the creation of the office in 1925 to the present day.

The current prime minister, Abdulla Aripov, assumed the office on 14 December 2016.

List of prime ministers (since 1991)
Abdulhashim Mutalov

Abdulxashim Mutalov (born February 14, 1947) is an Uzbekistani politician. He was the 1st Prime Minister of Uzbekistan from January 1992 to December 1995.

References

1947 births
Prime Ministers of Uzbekistan
Living people
Abdulla Aripov

Abdulla Nigmatovich Aripov (, ; born 24 May 1961) is an Uzbekistani politician. He is the Prime Minister of Uzbekistan, in office since 14 December 2016. Aripov is a member of the Uzbekistan Liberal Democratic Party. He was Deputy Prime Minister from 2002 to 2012 and again in 2016.

References

1961 births
Living people
Prime Ministers of Uzbekistan
Nigmatilla Yuldashev

Nigmatilla Tulkinovich Yuldashev (, Nigʻmatilla Toʻlqinovich Yoʻldoshev; ; born 5 November 1962) is an Uzbek lawyer and politician. He was Chairman of the Senate of Uzbekistan from 2015 until 2019. He was Minister of Justice from 2011 to 2015. In 2016, he was the acting President of Uzbekistan for a short time period.

References

1962 births
Living people
Presidents of Uzbekistan
Gulnara Karimova

Gulnara Islamovna Karimova (Cyrillic Uzbek: ; , ; born 8 July 1972) is an Uzbekistani diplomat and the elder daughter of Islam Karimov, the leader of Uzbekistan from 1989 to his death in 2016. 

Karimova is the founder of the Forum of Culture and Arts of Uzbekistan Foundation. Many believed that she would have replaced her father as President of Uzbekistan, however, after 2013, Gulnara had conflict with her father, and she began to rapidly lose influence in Uzbekistan.

Karimova was placed under house arrest in Tashkent, Uzbekistan in November 2014 because of money laundering.

References

1972 births
Living people
Uzbekistani people
Ambassadors
Criminals
Lola Karimova-Tillyaeva

Lola Karimova-Tillyaeva (born July 3, 1978) is an Uzbek diplomat and philanthropist. She is the younger daughter of former Uzbekistan President Islam Karimov and his wife, Tatyana Akbarovna Karimova. Her older sister is Uzbek diplomat and business mogul Gulnara Karimova. From 2007 until 2018, she was the Permanent Representative of Uzbekistan to UNESCO.

References

Living people
1978 births
Uzbekistani people
Philanthropists
Ambassadors
Vadim Schneider

Vadim Schneider (March 10, 1986 – September 8, 2003) was a French-Canadian actor.

1986 births
2003 deaths
Accidental deaths in Canada
Actors from Quebec
Canadian television actors
Canadian voice actors
Child actors
Road accident deaths
President of Tajikistan

The president of Tajikistan is the head of state and the highest position within the Government of Tajikistan. The position of President was created in November 1990 while Tajikistan was still a Soviet Republic. The president of Tajikistan lives in the capital, Dushanbe.

List

Notes

References
Rahmon Nabiyev

Rahmon Nabiyevich Nabiyev (, alternative spelling Rakhmon Nabiev; 5 October 1930 – 11 April 1993) is the Tajik politician. He was the First Secretary of the Communist Party of Tajikistan from 1982 to 1985 and twice as the 2nd President of Tajikistan from 23 September 1991 to 6 October 1991 and from 2 December 1991 to 7 September 1992.

References

1930 births
1993 deaths
Presidents of Tajikistan
Akbar Mirzoyev

Akbar Mirzoyev (born February 15, 1939) is a Tajikistani politician. He was the Prime Minister of Tajikistan between January 9, 1992, and September 21, 1992.

References

1939 births
Living people
Prime Ministers of Tajikistan
Jamshed Karimov

Jamshid Khilolovich Karimov (Tajik: Ҷамшед Хилолович Каримов, ; born August 4, 1940) is a Tajikistani politician. He was the Prime Minister of Tajikistan between December 2, 1994 and February 8, 1996. He is a cousin of former President of Uzbekistan, Islam Karimov. 

From June 20, 1997 to 2002 he was Tajik Ambassador to China. He was born in Dushanbe.

References

1940 births
Living people
Prime Ministers of Tajikistan
Oqil Oqilov

Oqil Ghaybulloyevich Oqilov (, Oqil Ghaybulloyevich Oqilov; ; born 2 February 1944) is a Tajikistani politician. He was the Prime Minister of Tajikistan from 20 December 1999 to 23 November 2013. He is a member of the People's Democratic Party of Tajikistan.

Other websites
AKILOV, Akil Gaibullayevich International Who's Who, accessed September 3, 2006.

1944 births
Living people
Prime Ministers of Tajikistan
Romani people in Canada

The Romani people in Canada are citizens of Canada who are of Romani descent. According to the 2011 Census there were 5,255 Canadians who claimed Romani (Gypsy) ancestry.

References

Ethnic groups in Canada
Kokhir Rasulzoda

Abduqohir Abdurasulovich Nazirov (; born 8 March 1959) is a Tajik politician who is serving as the Prime Minister of Tajikistan since 23 November 2013. He is a member of the People's Democratic Party of Tajikistan.

References

1959 births
Living people
Prime Ministers of Tajikistan
Steve McMichael

Stephen Douglas "Mongo" McMichael (born October 17, 1957) is a former American football defensive tackle in the National Football League (NFL), former professional wrestler, commentator, and head coach.

McMichael played college football for the University of Texas at Austin, and was an All-American. He played for the New England Patriots, Chicago Bears, and Green Bay Packers, winning Super Bowl XX with the Bears in January 1986. During his professional wrestling career, McMichael was known for his time in World Championship Wrestling (WCW). 

From 2007 to 2013, McMichael was the head coach of the Chicago Slaughter. In 2013, he finished second in his campaign for mayor of Romeoville, Illinois.

In April 2021, McMichael announced that he was diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).

References

1957 births
Living people
New England Patriots players
Chicago Bears players
Green Bay Packers players
American professional wrestlers
American sports commentators
Sportspeople from Chicago
Politicians from Chicago
Sportspeople from Houston, Texas
Politicians from Houston, Texas
American football defensive tackles
Romeoville, Illinois

Romeoville is a village in Will County, Illinois, United States. The village is located  southwest of Chicago and is a Chicago suburb. The population was 39,746 in 2019.

References

Villages in Illinois
Suburbs of Chicago, Illinois
Lynn Conway

Lynn Ann Conway (born January 2, 1938) is an American computer scientist, electrical engineer, inventor, and transgender activist.
	
She worked at IBM in the 1960s. She is known for her invention of generalized dynamic instruction handling. She is also widely-known for the Mead & Conway revolution.

Born a male, Conway transitioned into a woman. After IBM found out about this, she was fired in 1968. In 2020, IBM apologized for firing Conway.

References

1938 births
Living people
American computer scientists
Engineers from New York
American LGBT rights activists
Transgender and transsexual people
LGBT scientists
American inventors
Scientists from New York
People from Mount Vernon, New York
LGBT people from New York
Writers from New York
American academics
LGBT writers
Educators from New York
Carver Mead

Carver Andress Mead (born May 1, 1934) is an American scientist and engineer. He currently holds the position of Gordon and Betty Moore Professor Emeritus of Engineering and Applied Science at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech). He taught there for over 40 years. He is known for his works with Lynn Conway.

References

1934 births
Living people
Engineers from California
American computer scientists
American academics
Scientists from California
Writers from California
People from Bakersfield, California
Educators from California
Ann Bannon

Ann Weldy (born September 15, 1932), better known by her pen name Ann Bannon, is an American author. She is known for writing six lesbian pulp fiction novels known as The Beebo Brinker Chronicles. The books talked about lesbian identity and she became known as the "Queen of Lesbian Pulp Fiction".

References

1932 births
Living people
American academics
American feminist writers
American LGBT rights activists
Lesbian feminists
LGBT academics
LGBT people from Illinois
LGBT writers
People from Joliet, Illinois
American linguists
Writers from Illinois
Educators from Illinois
Star City, Russia

Star City is an area in the Russian city of Moscow.

Moscow
Natalia Poklonskaya

Natalia Vladimirovna Poklonskaya (; ; born 18 March 1980) is a Russian politician. She is a Deputy of the State Duma of Russia, deputy chairman of the State Duma Committee on Foreign Affairs since 18 September 2016.

Notes

References

1980 births
Living people
Russian politicians
Russian military people
Russian lawyers
Ukrainian military people
Nikita Mikhalkov

Nikita Sergeyevich Mikhalkov (; born 21 October 1945) is a Russian filmmaker, actor, and head of the Russian Cinematographers' Union. He was nominated for the Academy Award (1993) for the movie Close to Eden. He won an Academy Award (1995) for Best Foreign Language Film and the Grand Prix of the Cannes Film Festival (1994) for the movie Burnt by the Sun.

In 1996, he was the head of the jury at the 46th Berlin International Film Festival.

References

1945 births
Living people
Russian movie actors
Russian movie directors
Russian movie producers
Russian screenwriters
Cinematographers
Actors from Moscow
Writers from Moscow
Academy Award winning directors
Black Adam (movie)

Black Adam is an upcoming American superhero movie based on the DC Comics character of the same name. It is produced by DC Films, New Line Cinema, Seven Bucks Productions, and FlynnPictureCo., and set for distribution by Warner Bros. Pictures. It will be directed by Jaume Collet-Serra and written by Adam Sztykiel and Rory Haines & Sohrab Noshirvani, 

The movie is a spin-off from Shazam! (2019) and the eleventh movie in the DC Extended Universe (DCEU). The movie stars Dwayne Johnson as Teth-Adam / Black Adam alongside Noah Centineo, Aldis Hodge, Sarah Shahi, Quintessa Swindell, and Pierce Brosnan.

Black Adam is scheduled to be released in the United States on July 29, 2022.

References

American superhero movies
DC Extended Universe movies
Warner Bros. movies
Movies directed by Jaume Collet-Serra
Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara

Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara (; ) is a 2011 Indian Hindi-language buddy road comedy drama movie directed by Zoya Akhtar and produced by Farhan Akhtar and Ritesh Sidhwani of Excel Entertainment. The movie features an ensemble cast consisting of Hrithik Roshan, Abhay Deol, Farhan Akhtar, Katrina Kaif, and Kalki Koechlin. It was filmed in Spain, India, Egypt, and the United Kingdom on a budget of . The music and score were composed by Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy with lyrics by Javed Akhtar.

Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara was worldwide released in 1,800 screens on July 15, 2011. It was a critical and commercial success that grossed  and received critical acclaim for its performances, story, music, humour, and direction. After its theatrical run, the movie was nominated for and won several awards, including two National Film Awards.

Cast 

 Hrithik Roshan as Arjun Saluja
 Abhay Deol as Kabir Dewan
 Farhan Akhtar as Imran Qureshi
 Katrina Kaif as Laila
 Kalki Koechlin as Natasha Arora
 Ariadna Cabrol as Nuria
 Naseeruddin Shah as Salman Habib
 Deepti Naval as Rahila Qureshi
 Suhel Seth as Mr. Arora

References