cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Riemann zeta function

In mathematics, the Riemann zeta function is an important function in number theory. It is related to the distribution of prime numbers. It also has uses in other areas such as physics, probability theory, and applied statistics. It is named after the German mathematician Bernhard Riemann, who wrote about it in the memoir "On the Number of Primes Less Than a Given Quantity", published in 1859. 

The Riemann hypothesis is a conjecture about the distribution of the zeros of the Riemann zeta function. Many mathematicians consider the Riemann hypothesis to be the most important unsolved problem in pure mathematics.
 In the year 2000, the Clay Mathematics Institute included the Riemann hypothesis as one of their Millennium Prize Problems, promising a reward of US$1 million to anyone who could solve it.

Definition
When using mathematical symbols to describe the Riemann zeta function, it is represented as an analytic continuation of infinite series:
 
where  is the real part of the complex number . For example, if , then  (where ).

This makes a sequence. The first few terms of this sequence would be, 

  and so on

However, this doesn't apply for numbers where , since if we interpret this function as an infinite sum, the sum does not converge. Instead, it diverges. This means that instead of nearing a specific value, it will get infinitely large. Riemann used analytic continuation, so that he could give a value to all numbers except 1.  does not have a limit in that point and thus the function is not defined there. 

Leonhard Euler discovered the first results about the series that this function represents in the eighteenth century. He proved that the Zeta function can be written as an infinite product of prime numbers. In mathematical notation: 

This is an infinite product.  means that only prime numbers are included in the product. The first few terms of the product would look like:

Zeros, the critical line, and the Riemann hypothesis 

Mathematicians are interested in those values of  for which the function is equal to zero. The Riemann hypothesis conjectures that all the "non-trivial zeros" lie on the critical line , meaning they are guessed to be of the form  for some real value t. It is already known that all of the non-trivial zeroes must lie in a region called the "critical strip" for which . So far, all of the computed nontrivial zeros are on the critical line.   

Proving or disproving the hypothesis has been very difficult, and is still troubling mathematicians to this day.

Related pages 

 P-series

References 

Functions and mappings
Eva González (Leonese language writer)

Eva González was a Spanish writer. She was born in Palacios del Sil (province of Llión, Spain) in 1918. She died in León in 2007. She has a dedicated street in León city for her contribution to the literature in Leonese language.

She wrote:

 Poesías ya cuentus na nuesa tsingua (1980).
 Bitsarón. Cousas pa nenos y pa grandes na nuesa tsingua (1981).
 Xentiquina (1983).
 Xeitus: poesías ya cuentus (1985).
 Branas d'antanu ya xente d'anguanu: poesías ya cuentus (1990) reedited (2003)

Collective books:

 Cuentos de Lleón (1996)
 Cuentos del Sil (2006)
 El Dialecto Leonés, edición conmemorativa (2006)

Other websites 
 Asociación Berciana en defensa de la Llingua Llïonesa El Toralín (in Leonese language)
 Asociación Cultural de la Llingua Llïonesa El Fueyu (in Leonese language and English)
 del Sil Cuentos del Sil  (in Leonese language)
 Top Level Domain for Leonese Language (in Leonese language and several more)

Spanish writers
1918 births
2007 deaths
Barbadian British

Barbadian British people are people in the United Kingdom who were either born in Barbados or have ancestors who were born there. In 2001 over 20,000 British people were born in Barbados, and as stated above there were also many British born people of Barbadian descent. They are a subgroup of the larger Black British community. There are many famous Barbadian British people including footballer Ashley Cole.

Ethnic groups in the United Kingdom
Barbados
Star Trek: The Motion Picture

Star Trek: The Motion Picture was the first movie set in the Star Trek universe. It was made in 1979 by Paramount Pictures. A strange and dangerous alien cloud called V'ger is coming straight at Earth, destroying everything in its path. Admiral James T. Kirk becomes captain of his old ship — the USS Enterprise - to save the Earth.

1979 science fiction movies
Star Trek movies
Paramount movies
Movies directed by Robert Wise
Movies composed by Jerry Goldsmith
Star Trek III: The Search for Spock

Star Trek III: The Search for Spock was the third movie set in the Star Trek universe. It was made in 1984 by Paramount Pictures. It happens after the events of the last movie, The Wrath of Khan. The crew of the USS Enterprise go home to Earth after losing their friend Spock. Admiral James T. Kirk finds out that Spock's essence (his soul) is inside Leonard McCoy. They return to Genesis, where Spock died, to find his remains and take them to Vulcan.

Star Trek movies
1984 movies
Paramount movies
Star Trek V: The Final Frontier

Star Trek V: The Final Frontier was the fifth movie set in the Star Trek universe. It was made in 1989 by Paramount Pictures. It happens after the events of The Voyage Home. Spock's half-brother Sybok goes on a spiritual journey to find "God" and takes the Enterprise to the centre of the galaxy.

Other websites
 

1989 movies
Star Trek movies
Paramount movies
Movies set in California
Movies composed by Jerry Goldsmith
Dracaena sanderiana

Dracaena sanderiana, also called Ribbon Dracaena, Lucky Bamboo, Belgian Evergreen or sometimes Ribbon Plant, is a kind of Dracaena. It comes from Central Africa. It is one of a group of small, shrubby plants with slender stems and flexible strap-shaped leaves.  They grow in rainforests as an upright shrub that can be up to 1.5 m tall. Its leaves are 15-25 cm long and 1.5-4 cm broad at the base. It is sold in the developed world as "Lucky Bamboo" often cited as being good for feng shui. This name is a misnomer however, as the plant is not related to bamboo. New plants come from short cuttings which are often kept in water.

Cultivation and uses 
Dracaena sanderiana and related plants are popular houseplants. There are many cultivars. The plant can survive in many indoor conditions, but indirect lighting is best. Direct sunlight can cause the leaves to turn yellow and burn.

Although it grows better in soil, it often is sold with the roots in water. The water should be completely changed every two weeks. The water should be bottled water, soft tap water with very little fluoride, or even water from a filtered, established aquarium. It does best in bright, indirect lighting and temperatures between 15 °C and 25 °C.

Pet stores often sell this plant in black plastic pots with slots in them. They say that it can live under the water. Dracaena sanderiana will only live for a few months under the water. It will start to rot unless the leaves are allowed to grow above the water's surface.

Yellow or brown leaf edges may be caused by too much direct light, crowded roots, or fluoridated or chlorinated water. Salty or softened water can also cause brown leaf edges. 

Twisted shapes are made by rotating the plant so that it bends towards the light. This is hard to do for many people, but patient people can make the plant take on new shapes.

Other useful information 

 It is not related to the bamboo plant 
 in the United States it is often sold as "lucky bamboo" 
 Dracaena sanderiana can be bought in Chinatown convenience stores, shopping mall kiosks, pet stores, and botánicas. 
 Dracaena sanderiana is toxic to pets .
 Dracaena sanderiana is also a popular plant used in Feng Shui.
 This plant can flower in Autumn, Winter and early Spring.

References 

Asparagales
Shrubs
1974 Atlantic hurricane season

The 1974 Atlantic hurricane season began on June 1, 1974 and ended on November 30, 1974. This season was about average in activity 11 storms, 7 of which got named. This season was one of the deadliest on record, most deaths were caused by Hurricane Fifi. This season also had the most Subtropical storms (4).

Storms
Subtropical Storm One
Subtropical Storm Two
Subtropical Storm Three
Tropical Storm Alma
Hurricane Becky
Hurricane Carmen
Tropical Storm Dolly
Tropical Storm Elaine
Hurricane Fifi
Hurricane Gertrude
Subtropical Storm Four

Unused names

Retirement
In 1975 the names Carmen and Fifi were retired.

Other websites
 HPC rainfall page for 1974 tropical cyclones 
 Monthly Weather Review

1974
Atlantic hurricane season
1972 Atlantic hurricane season

The 1972 Atlantic hurricane season began on June 1, 1972 and ended on November 30, 1972. 1972 had a very inactive hurricane season with only 7 storms all were named this was one of the seasons that subtropical storms had a separate naming list. One of the only notable storms this season Hurricane Agnes which at that time it was the costliest hurricane in US history.

Storms
Subtropical Storm Alpha 
Hurricane Agnes 
Hurricane Betty 
Tropical Storm Carrie 
Hurricane Dawn 
Subtropical Storm Charlie 
Subtropical Storm Delta

Storm names
This is the list of names that were set aside for the 1972 Atlantic hurricane season. Name that were not used are marked in

Unused Subtropical Storm names

Retirement
Agnes was retired in 1973.

Other websites
 HPC rainfall pages for 1972 Tropical Cyclones 
 Monthly Weather Review
Dracaena (plant)

Dracaena is a genus of about 40 trees and succulent shrubs. The name comes from Ancient Greek drakaina, meaning female dragon. Most of them are native to tropical Africa, some occur in Southeast Asia, and tropical South America. They are usually classified into Dragon trees and shrubby dracenas according to how they grow; the latter are also often grown as house plants.

Asparagales
Trees
Probable prime

In mathematics, particularly number theory, a probable prime is a whole number that is likely to be prime by having passed a probabilistic test such as Fermat's primality test.  Probable primes may be composite, but the tests are designed so they are really unlikely to be composite.  These probabilistic tests are easier to do than tests that actually guarantee primality, and the composite probable primes are useful too in encryption that uses prime numbers.

Other websites 
 The prime glossary – Probable prime
 The PRP Top 10000 (the largest known probable primes)

Prime numbers
1960 Atlantic hurricane season

The 1960 Atlantic hurricane season began June 1, 1960 and ended November 30, 1960. This season had low activity, with only 7 storms. This season featured the powerful, Hurricane Donna and also Hurricane Ethel.

Storms
Tropical Storm One 
Hurricane Abby 
Tropical Storm Brenda 
Hurricane Cleo 
Hurricane Donna 
Hurricane Ethel 
Tropical Storm Florence

Unused names

Retirement
The name "Donna" was retired.

Other websites
 Monthly Weather Review

1960
Atlantic hurricane season
Bolingbroke Castle

Bolingbroke Castle is at Bolingbroke (or Old Bolingbroke) in Lincolnshire. Henry IV of England was born here. This is why he is sometimes called Henry Bolingbroke.

Castles in England
10370 Hylonome

10370 Hylonome is an asteroid orbiting in the farther part of the solar system. It belongs to the group of icy minor planets called centaurs, with an orbit that crosses the orbits of Neptune and Uranus. It was found on February 27, 1995.

Sightings with the Spitzer Space Telescope show that it's diameter is about 70 km (43 miles) plus or minus 20 km (50 to 90 km in diameter), or a 35 km radius.

Related pages 

 Centaur (planetoid)
 Minor planet
 Solar system

References

Other websites 
 List of Centaurs and SDOs.

Hylonome
Edmund of Woodstock, 1st Earl of Kent

Edmund of Woodstock, 1st Earl of Kent (5 August, 1301 – 19 March, 1330) was a member of the English Royal Family.The youngest surviving son of Edward I of England.

1301 births
1330 deaths
British Earls
Tarragon

Tarragon (Artemisia dracunculus), also known as estragon, is a perennial herb in the family Asteraceae. It is native to a wide area of the Northern Hemisphere from the easternmost parts of Europe to across central and eastern Asia and India, western North America, and south to northern Mexico. Tarragon grows to 120–150 cm tall, with slender branched stems.

Asteraceae
Herbs
List of cities in Wisconsin

The following is a list of cities in Wisconsin, by letter:

List of cities 

Wisconsin
Couderay, Wisconsin

Couderay is a village in Sawyer County in Wisconsin in the United States.  It is on the Couderay River.  In the census of 2010, there were 88 people, 35 households, and 20 families living in the village.

References

Other websites
 www.couderaywisconsin.com

Villages in Wisconsin
Sawyer County, Wisconsin
Couderay River

The Couderay River is a tributary of the Chippewa River in the northwestern part of Wisconsin.  That means it flows into the Chippewa River.

Related pages
 List of rivers of Wisconsin

Rivers of Wisconsin
Star Trek VI: The Undiscovered Country

Star Trek VI: The Undiscovered Country was the sixth movie set in the Star Trek universe. It was the last movie to be about the crew from Star Trek: The Original Series. It was made in 1991 by Paramount Pictures. The Klingons turn to the United Federation of Planets for help when their world is in danger. The crew of the USS Enterprise must help keep the peace.

1991 movies
Star Trek movies
Paramount movies
Star Trek: Generations

Star Trek: Generations is the seventh movie set in the Star Trek universe. It was made in 1994 by Paramount Pictures. It is the first movie to have the crew from the television series Star Trek: The Next Generation. Captain Kirk and Picard meet in a place called the Nexus where time is meaningless.

Other websites
 

1994 movies
Star Trek movies
Paramount movies
Star Trek: First Contact

Star Trek: First Contact is the eighth movie set in the Star Trek universe. It was made in 1996 by Paramount Pictures. The Borg travel back in time to destroy Phoenix, the Earth's first warp ship. Captain Picard and his crew must follow them to save the Earth from assimilation by the Borg.

The movie was very successful at the box office. The movie also got very good reviews from movie critics.

Other websites
 
 

1996 movies
Star Trek movies
Paramount movies
Movies composed by Jerry Goldsmith
Star Trek: Insurrection

Star Trek: Insurrection is the ninth movie set in the Star Trek universe. It was made in 1998 by Paramount Pictures. Captain Picard fights a Starfleet admiral who wants to move a race from their planet to use its natural resources.

Other websites
 
 

1998 movies
1990s science fiction movies
Star Trek movies
Paramount movies
Movies composed by Jerry Goldsmith
Star Trek: Nemesis

Star Trek: Nemesis is the tenth movie set in the Star Trek universe. It was made in 2002 by Paramount Pictures. The Romulans create a clone of Captain Picard, and the clone tries to destroy the Federation.

Other websites
 
 

2002 movies
2002 science fiction movies
Star Trek movies
Paramount movies
Movies composed by Jerry Goldsmith
FC Motocross

FC Motocross is a football club which played in the town of Macau. They played in 3 division of Macau.

Current squad 
Lang Koj Jong
Mi Hong Han
Ip Keng Jong
Luis Vu
Choj Tak Hun
Vang Chi Kin
Tejshejra Neo
Fung Kit
Jedmund Jonshan
Chegsh Ka Cheng
Kuok Chi Sjusjan
Jao Ka Guandun
Ljong Man Vong
Jang Veng Kuok
Cheang Kuok Kunja
Jun Kuok Chan
Ljang Veng Han
Ao Ju Pang
Tam Tchi Hu
Ho Fok Hun
Lam Hok Vej
Mok Son Him

Chinese football clubs
Macau
2008 establishments in Asia
2000s establishments in China
Reinhard Heydrich

Reinhard Tristan Eugen Heydrich (7 March 1904, Halle – 4 June 1942, Prague) was a high-ranking Nazi officer in World War II.

In 1922 he joined the Kriegsmarine, the German Navy. In 1931 he was expelled and got a job with the Nazis.

Heydrich became German SS-Obergruppenführer (General) of the Sicherheitsdienst. He was the head of the RSHA, which included the police and the Gestapo. He was one of those responsible for the Holocaust.

In 1941 Hermann Göring gave Heydrich the order to arrange the "Final Solution". Heydrich also governed Bohemia and Moravia. He was attacked in Prague on 27 May 1942 byCzech and Slovak soldiers trained by the British Special Operations Executive (SOE). They had been sent (with a small support team) by the Czechoslovak government-in-exile. Heydrich died a week later in hospital from sepsis caused by his injuries. Afterwards the Germans killed the male population of the village Lidice, because the Germans accused that the people in the village helped the assassins.

References 

1904 births
1942 deaths
Assassinated people
German aviators
German military personnel of World War II
German war criminals
Holocaust perpetrators
Members of the Reichstag (Nazi Germany)
Military people killed in World War II
Nazi leaders
People from Halle, Saxony-Anhalt
Politicians from Saxony-Anhalt
Politicians of the Nazi Party
RSHA people
SS officers
Former Roman Catholics
Bruno Loerzer

Bruno Loerzer (January 22, 1891 in Berlin - August 23, 1960 in Hamburg) was an officer in the German air force during World War I and Luftwaffe during World War II. He was a friend of Hermann Göring.

He was awarded various medals, including the Pour le Mérite and the Iron Cross.

1891 births
1960 deaths
German aviators
German generals of World War II
German military personnel of World War I
People from Berlin
Pour le Mérite

The Pour le Mérite, was an medal during World War I and is also known as the Blue Max (). It was the Kingdom of Prussia's highest military order until the end of World War I.

Orders, decorations, and medals of Germany
Berchtesgaden

Berchtesgaden (; West Central Bavarian: Berchtsgoan) is a municipality in the German Bavarian Alps. It is found in the south district of Berchtesgadener Land in Bavaria, near the border to Austria. It lies north of the Nationalpark Berchtesgaden.

References

Berchtesgadener Land
Condor Legion

The Condor Legion () was a unit of volunteers from the German Air Force (Luftwaffe). This group served during the Spanish Civil War of July 1936 to March 1939. Hugo Sperrle commanded the aircraft units of the Condor Legion and Wilhelm Ritter von Thoma commanded the non-aircraft units.

Military of Germany
Test (wrestler)

Andrew James Robert Patrick Martin (March 17, 1975 – March 17, 2009) was a Canadian professional wrestler. He was best known for his appearances with the World Wrestling Federation (later World Wrestling Entertainment) under the ring name Test. He last worked for Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA) as "The Punisher" Andrew Martin.

Career 
While in the WWF/E Martin was a former European, Hardcore, and Intercontinental champion. In addition to singles success, Martin has won both the WCW Tag Team Championship and World Tag Team Championship with Booker T.

Death
On March 13, 2009, Martin was found dead in his Tampa, Florida home 4 days before his 34th birthday. He is believed to have died the day before. It was ruled that his death was from an accidental overdose of oxycodone.

Championships
Pro Wrestling Illustrated
He was ranked him #37 of the 500 top singles wrestlers of the year in the PWI 500 in 2001.

Wild West Wrestling
WWW Heavyweight Championship (one time)

World Wrestling Federation
WCW World Tag Team Championship (one time) (with Booker T)
WWF European Championship (one time)
WWF Hardcore Championship (two times)
WWF Intercontinental Championship (one time)
World Tag Team Championship (one time) (with Booker T)

References

Other websites

1975 births
2009 deaths
Canadian professional wrestlers
Drug-related accidental deaths in the United States
Former WWE wrestlers
Sportspeople from Ontario
Total Nonstop Action Wrestling alumni
Yo La Tengo

Yo La Tengo is an American rock band. They formed in 1984. They play on the radio station WFMU in Jersey City, New Jersey.

1984 establishments in the United States
1980s American music groups
1990s American music groups
2000s American music groups
2010s American music groups
American rock bands
Musical groups established in 1984
Musical groups from New Jersey
Anise

Anise (Pimpinella anisum), also anís and aniseed is a flowering plant in the family Apiaceae native to the eastern Mediterranean region and southwest Asia known for its flavor that resembles liquorice, fennel, and tarragon.

Anise was used to make the spiced wine, claret, in the Middle Ages.

Spices
7066 Nessus

7066 Nessus is a centaur (a type of icy planetoid) that was found  by David L. Rabinowitz, working with Spacewatch, at Kitt Peak on 26 April, 1993. It was the second centaur found by him (5145 Pholus being his first), and the third centaur to be found (2060 Chiron was the first). It was officially announced on May 13, 1993 in IAUC 5789 with designation .

Orbit 
Nessus finishes one orbit around the Sun in 122.4 years, an eccentricity of 0.52 and an inclination to the ecliptic of 15.6 degrees. At perihelion (closest approach to the Sun), it moves closer to the Sun than Uranus, while at aphelion (farthest approach to the Sun) it goes even farther thanNeptune.

The orbits of centaurs change from time to time because of interactions with the giant planets. Nessus is thought to have a fairly long orbital half-life of about 4.9 Myr.

References

Other websites 
 Orbital simulation from JPL (Java) / Ephemeris
 Spacewatch 
 Asteroid/Comet connection 
 The Centaur Research Project
 Astrological keywords for Nessus

Asteroids
Kibbutz

A kibbutz (, plural kibbutzim) is a type of farming settlement in modern Israel. In a kibbutz, everyone shares the work that is traditionally based on agriculture. The kibbutz is a form of communal living that combines socialism and Zionism. The word means "gathering" or "clustering".

Green politics
Israeli culture
Agriculture
Stadium Juan Carmelo Zerillo

Estadio Juan Carmelo Zerillo is a multi-use stadium in La Plata, Argentina. It was used mostly for the football matches of Club de Gimnasia y Esgrima La Plata until closed by government orders before the beginning of the 2006 Clausura tournament. Gimnasia has relocated its own games to the newer Estadio Ciudad de La Plata.

June 2008 :
Gimnasia have now secured the full permit required to return, and played their first game back at
El Bosque since 2006 in the final round of Clausura 2008 against Lanus, on Saturday June 21.

The stadium, built in 1924, has a capacity of 31,460 people.

Other websites 
 Stadium entry 
 Stadium Juan Carmelo Zerillo 

Juan Carmelo Zerillo
Sport in Argentina
Buildings and structures in Argentina
1924 establishments in South America
20th-century establishments in Argentina
Zhuang Wikipedia

Zhuang Wikipedia (壯語維基百科) was established in July 2004. As of March 11, 2009, there were 91 articles in Cuengh.

Other websites
 Zhuang Wikipedia
 List of all articles in Cuengh

Wikipedias
Parallax

Parallax is the perceived change in position of an object seen from two different places.

In astronomy, annual parallax is the only direct way to measure distance to stars outside the solar system.
In essence, parallax is the perceived shifting phenomenon which occurs when an object is viewed from different positions.

It is measured by the angle between two lines of observation. Nearby objects have a larger parallax than more distant objects when observed from identical positions, so parallax can be used to determine distances.

Astronomers use the principle of parallax to measure distances to celestial objects including to the Moon, the Sun, and to stars beyond the Solar System. Here, the term "parallax" is the angle between two sight-lines to the star.

Astronomical measurement of position are taken at different times of the year. Since the Earth's orbit is known exactly, the distance from position 1 to position 2 can be worked out. The angle from the horizon to the object can be measured precisely. This gives a triangle whose baseline and angles are known accurately. From the triangle, the distance is calculated by trigonometry and expressed in parsecs.

The method only fails with objects which are so distant that the earth's orbit is too small to get a large enough parallax angle to measure accurately. This distance is about 100 light-years. Astronomers have invented various ways to solve this problem, though none are so accurate as the parallax method is for relatively nearby objects. This provides a basis for the cosmic distance ladder of techniques to calculate greater distances.

From 1989 to 1993 the Hipparcos satellite took measurements for over 100,000 nearby stars. Gaia (spacecraft) is intended to make similar measurements of about a Billion stars.

Many animals, including humans, have two eyes which provide  depth perception; this is called stereopsis. Because the two eyes are at different places on the head, this gives the basis for an automatic sense of distance. We perceive this as a normal 3-D scene.

References

Other websites 
 Parallax Citizendium

Astronomical distances
Vision
DragonForce

DragonForce is an English power metal band formed in 1999 in London. They are known for fast guitar solos, fantasy-based lyrics, and electronic sounds in their music.

In March 2010, the band have announced the departure of the singer ZP Theart, due to musical disputes. He moved on to form heavy metal group I Am I. After that Mark Hudson joined as new singer and they released a new album The Power Within.

History 
DragonForce was founded in 1999 by singer ZP Theart, bassist Steve Scott, guitarists Sam Totman and Herman Li, drummer Didier Almouzni, and keyboardist Steve Williams. They first called themselves "DragonHeart", but found that a band with this same name already existed. Their song "Through the Fire and Flames" is one of their most famous songs and is featured on the game "Guitar Hero III: Legends of Rock" The first song and first single, "Heroes of Our Time", from their album, Ultra Beatdown, was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Metal Performance on December 3, 2008, and is also in the video game Skate 2.

Band members

Current members 
 Herman Li - lead and rhythm guitars, backing vocals  (founder)
 Sam Totman - lead and rhythm guitars, backing vocals (founder)
 Vadim Pruzhanov - keyboards, backing vocals (2001-present)
 Dave Mackintosh - drums, percussion, backing vocals (2004-present)
 Frédéric Leclercq - bass guitar, backing vocals (2006-present)
 Marc Hudson - lead singer

Former members 
 ZP Theart - lead vocals (founder)
 Adrian Lambert - bass guitar (2003-2005)
 Didier Almouzni - drums, backing vocals (1999-2003)
 Diccon Harper - bass guitar, backing vocals (2001-2003)
 Steve Williams - keyboards, backing vocals (1999-2000)
 Steve Scott - bass guitar, backing vocals (1999-2000)

Studio albums 
 2003: Valley of the Damned
 2004: Sonic Firestorm
 2006: Inhuman Rampage
 2008: Ultra Beatdown
 2012: The Power Within
 2014: Maximum Overload
 2017: Reaching into Infinity
 2019: Extreme Power Metal

References 

 
Power metal bands
Herman Li

Herman Li (, Hanyu Pinyin: Lǐ Kāng Mǐn, born 3 October 1976) is the lead and rhythm guitarist, backing vocalist and producer in the power metal band DragonForce.

Personal life
He was born in Hong Kong. His interests other than music are computer technology and martial arts. He practices Jiu-Jitsu five days a week. He speaks three languages.

Herman Li has played in many bands, including the black metal band Demoniac.

Playing influences
Li likes video game music and mimics sounds from popular retro games from the late 80s, early-90s arcade, and PC games. He has been known for making several Pac-Man-type noises in the song "Through the Fire and Flames" on Inhuman Rampage.

References

1976 births
Living people
Power metal
DragonForce
People from Hong Kong
Sam Totman

Sam Totman (born 26 April 1980, London) is an English musician. He is a guitarist and the main songwriter for the power metal band DragonForce.

He was in the black metal band Demoniac, with his DragonForce guitar partner Herman Li. Sam was usually called Heimdall when he was in Demoniac. Heimdall is the Norse god of vigilance.

Sam has Carpal Tunnel Syndrome, caused by weeks of obsessive videogaming.

References

Living people
DragonForce
English guitarists
1980 births
Musicians from London
Vadim Pruzhanov

Vadim Igorevich Pruzhanov (Ukrainian: Вадим Пружанов) (born June 18, 1982 in Chernihiv, Ukraine, Soviet Union) is a musician, and was the keyboardist of the UK power metal band DragonForce until his departure in 2018.

Personal life
He was born in Chernihiv, Ukraine. He started to learn piano when he was 8 years old, and enrolled in music school.

He was interested in rock music when he was 12 years old, and started to compose. 

He met DragonForce members in London in his school days. After that he met Herman Li again at club house, and joined DragonForce. Many songs of DragonForce are composed by him and Herman Li.

In 2018 he left Dragonforce since he didn't like  the direction in which the group began to move

Discography
 Valley of the Damned - (2003)
 Sonic Firestorm - (2004)
 Inhuman Rampage - (2006)
 Ultra Beatdown - (2008)
 The Power Within - (2012)
 Maximum Overload - (2014)
Reaching into Infinity

Playing influence
He is famous for very fast keyboard playing. Sometimes he plays shoulder keyboard with his tongue or head. 
 
He sticks to making sounds. He doesn't like ordinary sounds such as strings and chorus.

References

Other websites
 Vadim's page on Metal Archives
 Vadim's page on DragonForce.com 

Keyboardists
Heavy metal musicians
Ukrainian entertainers
Living people
1982 births
DragonForce
People from Chernihiv
Fritz Sauckel

Ernst Friedrich Christoph "Fritz" Sauckel (27 October 1894 – 16 October 1946) was a Nazi war criminal. He organized the systematic enslavement of millions from lands occupied by Nazi Germany.  He was General Plenipotentiary for Labour Deployment from 1942 until the end of the war. He was tried and executed.

Sauckel was also honorary Obergruppenführer of the SA.

1894 births
1946 deaths
Executed German people
Executed Nazis
Gauleiters
German war criminals
Members of the Reichstag (Nazi Germany)
Ministers-President of Germany
Nazi leaders
People executed by hanging
Politicians from Bavaria
Politicians of the Nazi Party
Sturmabteilung people
SS officers
Baldur von Schirach

Baldur Benedikt von Schirach (9 May 1907 – 8 August 1974) was a Nazi youth leader. He was later convicted of being a war criminal. Schirach was the head of the Hitler-Jugend (HJ, Hitler Youth), Gauleiter and Reichsstatthalter ("Reich Governor") of Vienna.

1907 births
1974 deaths
Gauleiters
German prisoners
German war criminals
Holocaust perpetrators
Members of the Reichstag (Nazi Germany)
Members of the Reichstag (Weimar Republic)
Nazi leaders
Politicians from Berlin
Politicians of the Nazi Party
Audacity

Audacity is a digital audio editor (a computer program used to change sounds) and recording program. Audacity is cross-platform and can be used with Windows, OS X, Linux, and BSD.  It is free software. Audacity was first released on May 28, 2000.

Features 
 multi-track mixing
 import and export of WAV, AIFF, MP3

References

Other websites 

 Audacity homepage
 Audacity Wiki
 Editing audio in Linux:Audacity
 Useful information, FAQ and articles about Audacity Audacity 

Audio technology
Music software
Free software
Sophora macnabiana

Sophora macnabiana is the scientific name derived from Edwardsia macnabiana, a tree formerly described from cultivated material 
Indeed it is suitable for gardens, with showy flowers, numerous leaflets and tender pods.
Native from central Chile, and Gough Island, also disseminated as ornamental in New Zealand, where challenges with S.tetraptera, the local Large-leaved Kowhai.

References

Related pages
Wace NM 1961. The vegetation of Gough Island.  Ecological Monographs, 31, 337-367

Fabaceae
Audrey Hepburn (semi-postal)

The Audrey Hepburn semi-postal was a semi-postal postage stamp issued in Germany in 2001 and showing Audrey Hepburn. It was forbidden by the family of the actress.

The Deutsche Post (German Post) authorities changed the stamp for one depicting a film roll. The complete series included other famous actors such as Charlie Chaplin, Marilyn Monroe, Greta Garbo and Jean Gabin.

Postage stamps
Hepburn
2001 establishments in Europe
2000s establishments in Germany
The Trolleybus Museum at Sandtoft

The Trolleybus Museum at Sandtoft is a transport museum that has old trolleybuses. It is near to the village of Sandtoft, near Belton on the Isle of Axholme in the English county of Lincolnshire.

Related pages
 Black Country Living Museum - with trolleybuses
 East Anglia Transport Museum - with trolleybuses
 National Tramway Museum
 Summerlee Heritage Park
 List of trolleybus systems in the United Kingdom

Other websites 

  for The Trolleybus Museum at Sandtoft.
 Official website of The Trolleybus Museum at Sandtoft.

Museums in England
Lincolnshire
Transport in the United Kingdom
Bus transport
The Fox and the Hound (book)

The Fox and the Hound is a 1967 book by Daniel Pratt Mannix IV. It is about the lives of two canines, a hound dog named Copper and a red fox named Tod. The book is Mannix's best-known work, and was later made into a movie of the same name from Walt Disney Productions.

The Story 

The book follows Tod from his first contact with humans as a kit and Copper from his first encounter with Tod. They are living in a changing world; the wilderness present at the beginning of the book gradually gives way to a more urbanized setting, causing problems for Copper, his Master, and Tod.

It changes between Tod and Copper's point of view. Of the ten chapters in the book, four are from Copper's point of view and six are from Tod's. Both of the animals are presented as smart if not on a level with humans, and the book constantly emphasizes the point that both are creatures who rely on their sense of smell as much as humans rely on sight, particularly Copper.

Copper's chapters focus on his relationship with the Master as he assists him in hunting, mostly for Tod, who killed the Master's new dog, Chief, earlier in the book. Tod's chapters focus on his life as a wild fox, avoiding death both natural and man-made while attempting to father kits. 

1967 books
American novels
Children's literature
English-language novels
Hodonín

Hodonín is a town in the Czech Republic. About 26,179 people live there (2008). It is located in the South-East of the historical region Moravia. It was founded in the 11th century. It lies on the border with Slovakia.

Other websites 

 Hodonín webpage

Cities in the Czech Republic
BREL

BREL stands for British Rail Engineering Limited, which was the engineering division for British Rail until the design and building trains in the United Kingdom went private. 

They made trains like the British Rail Class 210 diesel multiple unit and the experimental  Advanced Passenger Train (APT)  tilting High Speed Train during the 1970s and early 1980s. 

British Rail
Gene Roddenberry

Eugene Wesley "Gene" Roddenberry (August 19, 1921 – October 24, 1991) was an American screenwriter and producer. He is best known as the creator of Star Trek, an American sci-fi series. He was sometimes called the "Great Bird of the Galaxy" because he helped start Star Trek.  He was one of the first people to have his ashes "buried" in space.

Personal life 

Gene Roddenberry was born in El Paso, Texas in 1921. His parents were Eugene Edward Roddenberry and Caroline Glen. He grew up in Los Angeles, California, where his father worked in the police. He became interested in engineering and got a pilot's license. In 1941, he joined the United States Army Air Force. He flew many combat missions as a bomber pilot and was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross and Air Medal. 

After he left the military, he became an airline pilot with Pan American World Airways.  He then stopped flying in 1949 so he could write television shows. While writing he also worked in the police so he could provide for (look after) his family. In 1956, he quit his job as a policeman to write full time.

Roddenberry was married twice and had three children. He married Eileen Rexroat first, and they were married for 27 years. They had two daughters, Darlene (1947-1995) and Dawn (1953-). In the 1960s, he also started romantically seeing Nichelle Nichols  and Majel Barrett (1932-2008). He divorced Rexroat and married Barrett in Japan in a traditional Shinto ceremony on August 6, 1969. They had a son, Eugene Wesley, Jr. Roddenberry's marriage to Barrett lasted until his death in 1991.

He died in 1991 of heart failure. He was 70 years old. In 1992, some of his ashes were sent into space on board the Space Shuttle Columbia. In 2012, some more of his ashes will be sent into space with his wife Majel's ashes.

Sources 

1921 births
1991 deaths
American screenwriters
Writers from El Paso, Texas
American aviators
Pure mathematics

Pure mathematics is a field of mathematics. Other fields of mathematics are driven and motivated by applications, they can be used to solve real-world problems, for example mathematical physics in physics or engineering. In contrast, pure mathematics studies abstract ideas or it tries to make proofs more beautiful or easier to understand.

Examples 
 Generalizing theorems: Finding a more general theorem can lead to a better understanding of mathematics.
 Generality can also shorten proofs: There no longer is a need to handle special cases. This makes proofs shorter, simpler, and easier to follow or explain.

Fields of mathematics
Venus, Romania

Venus is a resort in Romania on the coast of the Black Sea.  It is about 3 kilometers north of Mangalia.

Romania
Kung-fu

Kung-fu or gongfu or gung fu () is a term often used by speakers of the English language to refer to Chinese martial arts. It is the art of self-defence and fighting, including without any weapons, as developed in ancient China.

In Chinese, kung fu means "hard work", and it´s not only used for martial arts.

Chinese culture
Martial arts
Cohesion (chemistry)

Cohesion, cohesive attraction, or cohesive force is a physical property of an object.  It happens because of intermolecular attraction between like-molecules.

Cohesion holds hydrogen bonds together to create surface tension on water. Since water is attracted to other molecules, adhesive forces pull the water toward other molecules.

Chemical bonding
Dave Mackintosh

Dave "Compact Dynamo" Mackintosh is the drummer and backup vocalist for the band DragonForce. The band changed their genre to 'Extreme Power Metal' after Dave started playing in the band. Dave does extreme metal drumming in DragonForce's music, such as blast beats.

Living people
DragonForce
English drummers
Year of birth missing (living people)
Frédéric Leclercq

Frédéric Alexandre Leclercq (born June 23, 1978 in France) is the bassist for power metal band DragonForce and plays in his own band, Maladaptive, where he sings and plays guitar. He can play bass, guitar, keyboards, and can sing. He is a session musician for many other bands and is also a former member of the French power metal band Heavenly and played several shows with Carnival in Coal in 2006.

According to his profile on Dragonforce.com, Leclercq can speak "French, English, German, and some dirty words in almost every language."

Discography

DragonForce
 Heroes of Our Time - (2008)
 Ultra Beatdown - (2008)
 The Last Journey Home - (2009)
 Twilight Dementia - (2010)
 Cry Thunder - (2012)
 The Power Within - (2012)
 Maximum Overload - (2014)

Menace
 Impact Velocity - (2014)

References
 

Living people
DragonForce
Leclercq, Frédéric
1978 births
Valley of the Damned

Valley of the Damned is DragonForce's first album. It was released on 25 February, 2003.

Track listing

Band members
ZP Theart – vocals
Herman Li – guitars, backing vocals, mixing, mastering, engineering, logo concept
Sam Totman – guitars, mixing
Vadim Pruzhanov – keyboards, piano
Didier Almouzni – drums

Guest musicians
Clive Nolan - backing vocals, additional keyboards
Diccon Harper - bass

Technical staff
Karl Groom – recording, mixing, engineering
Tommy Hansen – recording
Rob Aubrey – mastering
Jean Pascal Fournier – logo design, album cover

Power metal
DragonForce
2003 albums
Debut albums
Heavy metal albums
Sonic Firestorm

Sonic Firestorm is the second studio album by English power metal band DragonForce released through on May 11, 2004.

Track listing

All songs arranged by Sam Totman, Herman Li, Vadim Pruzhanov, ZP Theart, and Adrian Lambert.

Personnel

Band members
ZP Theart – vocals, backing vocals
Herman Li – lead and rhythm guitars, acoustic guitars
Sam Totman – lead and rhythm guitars, acoustic guitars
Vadim Pruzhanov – keyboards, piano, acoustic guitars
Dave Mackintosh – drums
Adrian Lambert - bass

Guest musicians
Clive Nolan – backing vocals

Technical staff
Karl Groom – mixing, engineering
Richard West - mixing, vocal recording
Eberhard Köhler – mastering

Graphic designers
Marko Jakobi – album cover artwork
Marisa Jacobi – booklet design
Olle Carson – photography

Power metal
DragonForce
2004 albums
Inhuman Rampage

Inhuman Rampage is the third studio album by English power metal band DragonForce. The album was released on 9 January 2006, and 20 June 2006 in North America. It is the first album with Frédéric Leclercq on bass. An inhuman rampage can also be just something that is not a human, or a human that is not really acting like a human, going on a rampage, which basically just means they are going crazy and messing a lot of stuff up.

Track listing

All songs arranged by Herman Li, Sam Totman, ZP Theart and Vadim Pruzhanov.

Personnel

Charts

Album

Year end

Singles

Release history

References

Power metal
DragonForce
2006 albums
Bavand dynasty

The Bavand dynasty (in Mazandarani: Bävendiyun) was an Iranian dynasty that began in the early 7th century. Its rulers reigned for about 700 years over Tabaristan, on the southern shore of the Caspian Sea. The name of the dynasty comes from Bäv (also known as Farrukhzad), who ruled from 651 to 665. He was from the House of Ispahbudhan, a noble Parthian family which served the Sasanian Empire. The Bavandid rulers were originally Zoroastrian, but they later converted to Islam during the reign of Qarin I.

Bavand rulers
The Kayusiyya are named after Kawus, the son of the Sasanian ruler Kavadh I. It was founded by Bav (Farrukhzad), who repelled the Muslim Arabs from Tabaristan and ruled until he was murdered by the Karenid Valash in 665.

Kayusiyya
 Farrukhzad (651–665)
 Valash (usurper, 665–688)
 Surkhab I (688–717)
 Mihr Mardan (717–755)
 Surkhab II (755–772)
 Sharwin I (772–817)
 Shahriyar I (817–825)
 Shapur (825)
 Rule by the Karenid Mazyar (825-839)
 Qarin I (839–867)
 Rustam I (867–895)
 Sharwin II (896–930)
 Shahriyar II (930–964)
 Rustam II (964–979)
 Al-Marzuban (979–986)
 Sharwin III (986)
 Shahriyar III (986-987)
 Al-Marzuban (987–998)
 Shahriyar III (998)
 Al-Marzuban (998-1006)
 Abu Ja'far Muhammad (???-1027)
 Qarin II (???-1074)

Ispahbadhiyya
 Shahriyar IV (1074–1114)
 Qarin III (1114–1117)
 Rustam III (1117–1118)
 Ali I (1118–1142)
 Shah Ghazi Rustam IV (1142–1165)
 Hasan I (1165–1173)
 Ardashir I (1173–1205)
 Rustam V (1205–1210)

Kinkhwariyya

 Ardashir II (1238–1249)
 Muhammad (1249–1271)
 Ali II (1271)
 Yazdagird (1271–1300)
 Shahriyar V (1300–1310)
 Kay Khusraw ibn Yazdagird (1310–1328)
 Sharaf al-Muluk (1328-1334)
 Hasan II (1334–1349)

References 
History of Tabaristan Ibn Isfandiyar
 

Mazandaran
History of Iran
Royal dynasties
7th-century establishments in Asia
651 establishments
1349 disestablishments
1340s disestablishments in Asia
Dyson sphere

A Dyson sphere is an idea about a structure that surrounds a star, first thought up by physicist Freeman Dyson, and then used in some science fiction works. 

The idea of the Dyson sphere was the result of a thought experiment. Dyson noted that civilizations constantly increased their need for energy. He reasoned that as human civilization went on, there would come a time when it demanded more energy than the Earth could provide.

He proposed a system of structures designed to intercept and collect all energy produced by the Sun. Dyson's proposal did not detail how such a system would be constructed. His 1960 paper "Search for artificial stellar sources of infra-red radiation",  in the journal Science, was the first to present the concept of the Dyson sphere.

There are at least three types of Dyson spheres: 
A Dyson shell that is a solid structure and the inside could even become habitable if the sphere produces artificial gravity by spinning on itself. It would be extremely difficult, if not impossible to build (particularly because of the enormous quantity of material needed, the instability of the sphere and the strong gravity of the star affecting the whole structure).
A Dyson swarm, which is not exactly a sphere, but millions of smaller bodies orbiting the star and thus forming a more or less spherical structure around it. The most physically realistic structure to build.
A Dyson bubble that is made up of small bodies (like a Dyson swarm), but linked together with an extremely light and thin (but very large) structure such as a light sail around a star that keeps it centered because of stellar winds.

References 

Space colonization
Science fiction
Thought
Summerlee Heritage Park

Summerlee Heritage Park is an industrial museum in Coatbridge, North Lanarkshire, Scotland. It has won several awards. It was built on the old Summerlee ironworks. It also uses the main workshop of the old Hyrdocon Crane factory.

The museum closed in 2006 for a £10Million refurbishment. It re-opened in 2008.

The old main hall has been re-built. The museum tries to show Lanarkshire's contribution to engineering. There are interactive displays and a children's "Discovery Zone".

The museum also displays several railway steam locomotives, preserved carriages from a 1960s era Glasgow "Blue Train" and has a short working tramline.

Related pages
Beamish Museum - an industrial museum in the North of England
Black Country Living Museum - an industrial museum in the West Midlands conurbation
East Anglia Transport Museum
Glasgow Museum of Transport
National Tramway Museum
The Trolleybus Museum at Sandtoft

Other websites
Official website 

Open air museums
North Lanarkshire
Concert of Europe

The Concert of Europe was a group of countries in Europe who worked together and agreed on policies to maintain a steady balance of power which included alliances between the great powers in 1814 and 1914. The member countries were the United Kingdom, Austria,  Russia, France (from 1815), Prussia (Germany from 1871) and Italy (from 1871). 

It started as a quadruple alliance. After Napoleon, ruler of France, was no longer in power, France joined the Concert of Europe. Its importance diminished with the revolutions of 1848 and subsequent wars between the big powers. Otto von Bismarck re-established the Concert of Europe after the unifications of Germany and Italy. The Concert definitively collapsed with World War I.

Leaders

The leaders of this concert include:
 British Foreign Secretary - Lord Castlereagh
 Austrian Chancellor - Prince Klemenz von Metternich
 Russian Czar - Alexander I

The Concert was also known as the Congress System, where leaders would meet and reach decisions by mutual agreement.

Goals

Important goals of the Concert: 
 Control France after many years of war
 Develop a "balance of power" among the nations of Europe
 Uphold the agreements set by the Congress of Vienna (1814-1815)
 Prevent another dictator from gaining too much power (like Napoleon)

Benefits: 
 Helped Greece and Belgium gain independence
 Helped end the eight-year Egyptian control of Syria

Decline: 
 Fell apart after years of disagreement between the countries
 Mainly between Great Britain (England) and the other conservative countries in the Concert
 Finally fell after the following wars: Crimean War, Italian War for Independence, Austro-Prussian War and the Franco-Prussian War.

Treaties
Diplomacy
History of international relations

sl:Metternichov absolutizem
Freital

Freital is the biggest town in the Sächsische Schweiz-Osterzgebirge district, in the Free State of Saxony, Germany. It is situated on the small river Weißeritz, 8 km southwest of Dresden.

References

Other website
 Official website

Sächsische Schweiz-Osterzgebirge Rural District
Riesa

Riesa is a town in the district of Meißen in the Free State of Saxony, Germany. It is located at the river Elbe, about 40 km northwest of the Saxony capital Dresden.

References

Meißen Rural District