cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Leon Lederman

Leon Max Lederman (July 15, 1922 – October 3, 2018) was an American experimental physicist. He received, along with Martin Lewis Perl, the Wolf Prize in Physics in 1982. He won the prize for their research on quarks and leptons, and the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1988. He received the prize along with Melvin Schwartz and Jack Steinberger, for their research on neutrinos.

Lederman was of Jewish descent. He was an atheist.

Lederman died on October 3, 2018 at a care-facility in Rexburg, Idaho from complications of dementia at the age of 96.

References

Books
 
 
 
 
  What We'll Find Inside the Atom by Leon Lederman is an essay he wrote for the September 15, 2008 issue of Newsweek

Other websites
 Education, Politics, Einstein and Charm The Science Network interview with Leon Lederman
 Biography and Bibliographic Resources, from the Office of Scientific and Technical Information, United States Department of Energy
 Fermilab's Leon M. Lederman webpage
 The Nobel Prize in Physics 1988 
 Video Interview with Lederman from the Nobel Foundation
 Leon M. Lederman – Autobiography
 Timeline of Nobel Prize Winners in Physics webpage for Leon Max Lederman
 Story of Leon by Leon Lederman
  Honeywell – Nobel Interactive Studio 
 1976 Cresson Medal recipient  from The Franklin Institute.

1922 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from dementia
American Nobel Prize winners
American physicists
American atheists
Jewish American scientists
Jewish American writers
Jewish Nobel Prize winners
Jewish Wolf Prize winners
Scientists from New York City
Writers from New York City
American academics
American inventors
American mathematicians
Columbia University alumni
Nobel Prize in Physics winners
Wolf Prize winners
Educators from New York City
Melvin Schwartz

Melvin Schwartz (November 2, 1932 – August 28, 2006) was an American physicist of Jewish descent.

He shared the 1988 Nobel Prize in Physics with Leon M. Lederman and Jack Steinberger for their development of the neutrino beam method and their demonstration of the doublet structure of the leptons through the discovery of the muon neutrino.

Schwartz died on August 28, 2006 in Twin Falls, Idaho from Parkinson's disease and hepatitis C, aged 73.

References

Books
Samios, N. P., Plano, R., Prodell, A., Schwartz, M. and J. Steinberger.    "The Parity of the Neutral Pion and the Decay pi{sup 0} Yields 2e{sup +} + 2e{sup -}", Nevis Cyclotron Laboratory, Columbia University, United States Department of Energy (through predecessor agency the Atomic Energy Commission), Office of Naval Research, (January 1962).
Lee, T. D., Robinson, H., Schwartz, M. and R. Cool.    "Intensity of Upward Muon Flux Due to Cosmic-Ray Neutrinos Produced in the Atmosphere", Nevis Cyclotron Laboratory, Columbia University, United States Department of Energy (through predecessor agency the Atomic Energy Commission), (June 1963).

Other websites
Photograph, Biography and Bibliographic Resources, from the Office of Scientific and Technical Information, United States Department of Energy
1988 Nobel Physics winners
Nobel autobiography

1932 births
2006 deaths
American Nobel Prize winners
American physicists
Columbia University alumni
Deaths from hepatitis
Deaths from Parkinson's disease
Jewish American academics
Jewish American scientists
Jewish Nobel Prize winners
Scientists from New York City
Writers from New York City
Educators from New York City
Martin Lewis Perl

Martin Lewis Perl (June 24, 1927 – September 30, 2014) was an American physicist of Jewish descent. Perl won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1995 for his discovery of the tau lepton.

Pearl died at Stanford University Hospital on September 30, 2014 from a heart attack at the age of 87.

References

Other websites
Nobel autobiography 
Nobel Prize press release, explaining the significance of Perl's work
Biography and Bibliographic Resources, from the Office of Scientific and Technical Information, United States Department of Energy
Personal blog: Reflections on Physics
U.S. Patent 5943075 Universal fluid droplet ejector (Martin Lewis Perl)
U.S. Patent 5975682 Two-dimensional fluid droplet arrays generated using a single nozzle (Martin Lewis Perl)

1927 births
2014 deaths
American Nobel Prize winners
American physicists
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Jewish American scientists
Jewish Nobel Prize winners
Scientists from New York City
Patrice Munsel

Patrice Munsel (May 14, 1925 – August 4, 2016) was an American coloratura soprano. She was the youngest singer who ever starred at the Metropolitan Opera. She was sometimes called "Princess Pat".

Munsel was born in Spokane, Washington on May 14, 1925. She died on August 4, 2016 in Schroon Lake, New York, aged 91.

References

Other websites

Cover of Time magazine, December 3, 1951 
Article in Time magazine, December 3, 1951
 Cover of Life magazine, March 3, 1952 
Metropolitan Opera's "Opera News Online"
Patrice Munsel personal website

1925 births
2016 deaths
American stage actors
American opera singers
People from Spokane, Washington
Singers from Washington
Sopranos
George Fernandes

George Fernandes (3 June 1930 – 29 January 2019) was the former Indian trade unionist, politician, journalist, agriculturist, and member of Rajya Sabha from Bihar. He was a key member of the Janata Dal (United), and is the founder of the Samata Party.

Fernandes suffered from Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, and in January 2010 was underwent treatment at Baba Ramdev's ashram at Haridwar He died of complications from the diseases on 29 January 2019 in New Delhi, aged 88.

References

Other websites

 Ongoing news coverage from The Times Network
 George Fernandes: Rebel without a pause from Gulf News

1930 births
2019 deaths
Deaths from Alzheimer's disease
Deaths from Parkinson's disease
Indian politicians
Indian writers
Civil servants
Indian journalists
Karnataka
Charles K. Kao

The Honorable Sir Charles Kuen Kao, GBM, KBE, FRS, FREng (November 4, 1933 – September 23, 2018) was a Chinese-born American and British electrical engineer and physicist.

He helped discover  the development and use of fiber optics in telecommunications. Kao was awarded the 2009 Nobel Prize in Physics for "groundbreaking achievements concerning the transmission of light in fibers for optical communication". Kao holds dual citizenship of the United Kingdom and the United States. Kao is known as the "Godfather of Broadband".

Kao was diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease in 2002 and had speech difficulty. He died on September 23, 2018 from complications of the disease in Sha Tin, Hong Kong at the age of 84.

References

Books
 K. C. Kao, T. W. Davies (1968), "Spectrophotometric Studies of Ultra Low Loss Optical Glasses – I: Single Beam Method", Journal of Scientific Instruments (Journal of Physics E) 2 (1): 1063–1068. 
 K. C. Kao (June 1986), "1012 bit/s Optoelectronics Technology", IEE Proceedings 133, Pt.J, No 3, 230–236. 
 K. C. Kao, A Time And A Tide (Autobiography of Charles K. Kao)
 K. C. Kao (July 2005)《潮平岸闊——高錕自述》(translated by 許迪鏘) Joint Publishing (Autobiography of Charles K. Kao)

Other websites

 2009 Nobel Prize in Physics information
 BBC: Lighting the way to a revolution
 IEEE Oral-History: Charles Kao
 Mountain View Voice: The legacy of Charles Kao
 Man who lit up the world – Professor Charles Kao CBE FREng  Ingenia, Issue 43, June 2010

1933 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from Alzheimer's disease
Naturalized citizens of the United States
Chinese physicists
People from Hong Kong
British physicists
American physicists
Scientists from Shanghai
Chinese Nobel Prize winners
Auguste Deter

Auguste Deter (; 16 May 1849 – 8 June 1906) was a German woman. 

She is the first person to be diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease. Auguste had a normal life. However, during the late 1890s, she started showing symptoms of dementia, such as: loss of memory, delusions, and even temporary vegetative states. She would have trouble sleeping, would drag sheets across the house, and even scream for hours in the middle of the night.

She died on 8 June 1906 from Alzheimer's in Frankfurt, aged 57.

References

Other websites

 Who Named It? - Alois Alzheimer
 Alzheimer's: 100 years on 
 Alois Alzheimer's Biography, International Brain Research Organization 
 Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disease Research - Prof. Dr. Christian Haass 
 Bibliography of secondary sources on Alois Alzheimer and Alzheimer's disease, selected from peer-reviewed journals.
 Graeber Manuel B. "Alois Alzheimer (1864-1915)"  International Brain Research Organization

1849 births
1906 deaths
Deaths from Alzheimer's disease
German people
People from Hesse
Keith Allen (ice hockey)

Courtney Keith Allen (August 21, 1923 – February 4, 2014) was a Canadian former professional ice hockey defenceman and former National Hockey League (NHL) head coach and general manager. He was born in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan. He was the executive vice president of the Philadelphia Flyers.

Allen died at an assisted living facility on February 4, 2014. He was 90 years old. He had suffered from dementia in his later years.

References

Other websites

1923 births
2014 deaths
Canadian ice hockey coaches
Canadian ice hockey defencemen
Deaths from dementia
Detroit Red Wings players
Disease-related deaths in Canada
Hockey Hall of Fame inductees
Ice hockey people from Saskatchewan
People from Saskatoon
Stanley Cup champions
American Hockey League players
D. J. Augustin

Darryl Gerard "D. J." Augustin, Jr. (born November 10, 1987 in New Orleans, Louisiana) is an American professional basketball player. He plays for the Orlando Magic of the NBA. He played point guard for the University of Texas Longhorns from 2006 to 2008. He was drafted ninth overall by the Charlotte Bobcats of the National Basketball Association in 2008. Augustin is listed as 6'0" (1.83 m) by the NBA but stands 5'11" (1.78 m) barefoot according to the 2008 pre-draft measurements.

References

Other websites

 
 Profile at TexasSports.com 

1987 births
Living people
African-American basketball players
Chicago Bulls players
Sportspeople from New Orleans, Louisiana
American basketball players
Tony Snell

Tony Rena Snell, Jr. (born November 10, 1991 in Los Angeles, California) is an American professional basketball player. He plays for the Chicago Bulls of the National Basketball Association (NBA).

References

Other websites
NBA.com Profile

1991 births
Living people
American basketball players
Chicago Bulls players
Sportspeople from Los Angeles
Child's Play 2

Child's Play 2 is an American horror movie released in 1990. The movie is about a killer doll named Chucky that is causing violent terror in Chicago. Brad Dourif plays Chucky.

This movie was released in November 1990 across North America. The reviews were mixed. The box office was successful.

References

Other websites 
 

1990 horror movies
1990 thriller movies
Child's Play movies
American thriller movies
Movies set in Chicago, Illinois
Universal Pictures movies
Věra Tichánková

Věra Tichánková (7 December 1920 – 9 January 2014) was a Czech actress. She was born in Zarnovická Hut, Nová Bana, Czechoslovakia (now Slovakia). Tichánková studied at the Institute of Chemical Technology in Prague. She began her acting career in 1940 which lasted over seventy years. Věra Tichánková died on 9 January 2014, aged 93, in Prague, Czech Republic. She was survived by her husband, actor and playwright Jan Skopeček.

References

Other websites

1920 births
2014 deaths
Czech movie actors
Czech television actors
Billy McColl (actor)

William Collins (15 November 1951 – 1 January 2014), better known by his stage name Billy McColl, was a Scottish actor. He was born in Hamilton, Scotland, McColl began his career in 1978. He had many different roles on British television shows such as Doctor Who, Hamish MacBeth, The Bill and Taggart. Billy McColl died on 1 January 2014, aged 62, in London, England. He was survived by his daughter, Maud.

References

Other websites

1951 births
2014 deaths
People from Fife
Scottish television actors
Scottish movie actors
Tito Mora

Carlos García Romero (25 June 1940 – 30 December 2013), better known by his stage name Tito Mora, was a Spanish pop singer. Mora was born in Madrid. He began his career in the 1950s as a singer for Los Brujos, one of Spain's first pop music groups. He recorded his final album in 1996. Tito Mora died from a long pulmonary illness on 30 December 2013, aged 72, at a hospital in Madrid.

References

1940 births
2013 deaths
Musicians from Madrid
Spanish singers
Deaths from respiratory failure
Urban history

Urban history is the study of the history of urbanism. It looks into why and how cities developed. Urban history also studies the social, political, cultural and economic aspects of cities. Most urban historians focus on the larger or more important cities. There is much less attention to small cities, towns and suburbs. Urban history involves several other fields of study as they affect cities. These include archaeology, architecture, sociology, and the political and economic aspects of cities over time.

Related pages 
 Journal of Planning History
 Danish Centre of Urban History
 International Planning History Society
 Society for American City and Regional Planning History

Other websites 
 Gilbert A. Stelter, "Introduction to the Study of Urban History" (1996) 
 The Urban History Association 
 Centre for Urban History, University of Leicester, U.K.
 Centre for Urban History, University of Antwerp, Belgium
 Center for Urban History of East Central Europe, Lviv, Ukraine

References 

History of urban planning
Urban planning
Ladislav Šmíd

Ladislav Šmíd (born February 1, 1986, in Frýdlant v Čechách, Czechoslovakia) is a Czech NHL ice hockey defenceman. He currently plays for the Calgary Flames.

Career
Before playing the NHL, Šmíd played 3 seasons with HC Bílí Tygři Liberec of the Czech Extraliga. He was drafted by the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim with the 9th overall pick in the 2004 NHL Entry Draft. He spent 1 season with the Mighty Ducks AHL affiliate team, the Portland Pirates and was traded along with Joffrey Lupul and draft picks to the Edmonton Oilers for Chris Pronger on July 3, 2006. He played 8 seasons with the Oilers and was known as a shutdown defencemen when he was paired with Jeff Petry.

On November 8, 2013, the Oilers traded Šmíd along with Olivier Roy to the Calgary Flames for Roman Horák and Laurent Brossoit.

References

Other websites

1986 births
American Hockey League players
Calgary Flames players
Czech ice hockey players
Edmonton Oilers players
Living people
Ice hockey defencemen
Dane DeHaan

Dane William DeHaan (born February 6, 1986) is an American actor. He is best known for his role as Jesse on the HBO cable television program In Treatment and as Andrew Detmer in the 2012 movie Chronicle.

DeHaan was born in Allentown, Pennsylvania. He began a career in acting after graduating from the University of North Carolina in 2008. DeHaan married actress Anna Wood on June 30, 2012. They live together in Los Angeles, California.

References

Other websites

1986 births
Living people
People from Allentown, Pennsylvania
Actors from Pennsylvania
American movie actors
American stage actors
American television actors
No Holds Barred (1989 movie)

No Holds Barred is a 1989 American professional wrestling movie.

It was produced by Michael Rachmil (with Vince McMahon and Hulk Hogan being credited as executive producers). It was written by Dennis Hackin and directed by Thomas J. Wright. No Holds Barred was released on June 2, 1989 in North America. The movie received negative reviews with a 5% rating on Rotten Tomatoes.

Cast 
 Hulk Hogan as Rip
 Joan Severance as Samantha Moore
 Kurt Fuller as Brell
 Tom "Tiny" Lister, Jr. as Zeus
 Mark Pellegrino as Randy
 Bill Henderson as Charlie
 Charles Levin as Ordway
 David Paymer as Unger
 Patrick O'Bryan as Craig
 Jeep Swenson as Lugwrench Perkins
 Bill Eadie as Jake Bullet
 Stan Hansen as Neanderthal
 Rebecca Wackler as Ms. Tidings
 Bruce Taylor as Mr. Johnson
 "Mean" Gene Okerlund as Himself
 Jesse "The Body" Ventura as Himself
 Howard Finkel as Himself

Pay-per-view 

There was a pay-per-view called No Holds Barred: The Match/The Movie which happened on December 12, 1989 and aired on December 27, 1989. The pay-per-view's card were the matches that were featured in the movie.

References

Other websites 

1989 movies
1980s sports movies
American sports movies
English-language movies
Sune Bergström

Karl Sune Detlof Bergström (10 January 1916 – 15 August 2004) was a Swedish biochemist. He was Dean of the Karolinska Institute Medical Department in Stockholm. In 1969 he became the Rector. Bergström was best known for his work with lipid compounds. For his work on prostaglandins and related substances, Bergström was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1982, along with co-recipients Bengt I. Samuelsson and John R. Vane.

References

Other websites
 Sune Bergstrom, Biochemist and Nobel Winner, Dies at 88, NY Times Obituary

1916 births
2004 deaths
Scientists from Stockholm
Linear mapping

In mathematics (particularly in linear algebra), a linear mapping (or linear transformation) is a mapping f between vector spaces that preserves addition and scalar multiplication.

Definition 
Let V and W be vector spaces over the same field K. A function f: V → W is said to be a linear mapping if for any two vectors x and y in V and any scalar α in K, the following two conditions are satisfied:

Sometimes, a linear mapping is called a linear function. However, in basic mathematics, a linear function means a function whose graph is a line. The set of all linear mappings from the vector space V to vector space W can be written as .

Related pages
 Homomorphism
 Transformation

References 

Functions and mappings
Linear algebra
Rajendran Mani

Rajendran Mani is a bodybuilder from Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. Mani was in the Indian Air Force for 15 years. After he retired, he began weightlifting. He has won both the Mr. India and Champion of Champion titles in India 8 times. He won the Mr. World  title at the fifth World Bodybuilding and Physique Sports Championships. The event was held in Budaors, Hungary on November 13-17, 2013.

Rajendran Mani is a very popular bodybuilder in south India. He ranks no 4 in the top 10 Indian bodybuilder list.

References

Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Bodybuilders
Indian sportspeople
Royal Bhutan Army

The Royal Bhutan Army () is the army of Bhutan. Its job is to protect the territory of Bhutan and maintain stability inside the country.

References 

Bhutan
Bhutan
Päijänne Tavastia

Päijänne Tavastia is a region in Southern Finland. As of November 30, 2013, 202,525 people lived there. Neighbourin regions are Uusimaa, Kanta-Häme, Pirkanmaa, Central Finland, Southern Savonia and Kymenlaakso

Related pages
 Päijät-Hämeen liitto

Regions of Finland
Chevrolet Chevette

Chevrolet Chevette was a car. It was made from 1975 to 1987 in the United States. It was also made in South America till almost 1999. The vehicle was a subcompact car. It was a good selling vehicle in the United States and Canada.

The production for Chevette ended December 23, 1986. GM replaced this car with a badge engineered version of the Suzuki Cultus, selling it under various names such as Chevrolet Sprint/Sprint Metro, Geo/Chevrolet Metro, Pontiac Fireflty, Holden Barina. The next subcompact vehicle GM made for North America was the Chevrolet Aveo in 2004. The Aveo was later rebranded as the Sonic in 2012.

Chevette
1980s automobiles
Chevrolet Celebrity

The Chevrolet Celebrity was a car. It was made from 1982 to 1990. The Celebrity was the best-selling car in 1986 in North America. The vehicle lasted one generation.

The sedan was stopped for 1989. The station wagon was last produced for 1990. Chevrolet replaced the sedan with the Lumina, and the station was succeeded by Chevrolet Lumina APV (a minivan).

The Celebrity is similar to the Buick Century, Oldsmobile Cutlass Ciera and Pontiac 6000.

Celebrity
1980s automobiles
1990s automobiles
John Clare

John Clare (13 July 1793 – 20 May 1864) was an English poet. He was the son of a farm labourer. He was known for his poems about the English countryside.

His biographer Jonathan Bate states that Clare was "the greatest labouring-class poet that England has ever produced. No one has ever written more powerfully of nature, of a rural childhood, and of the alienated and unstable self."

Notes

1793 births
1864 deaths
English poets
People from Northamptonshire
Nellie Tayloe Ross

Nellie Tayloe Ross (born Nellie Davis; November 29, 1876 — December 19, 1977) was an American politician. She was the 14th Governor of Wyoming. She is the only female governor that state has had.

Ross was born near St. Joseph, Missouri. She died when she was 101 years old.

Governors of Wyoming
1876 births
1977 deaths
Writers from Wyoming
Martha Layne Collins

Martha Layne Collins (born Martha Layne Hall; December 7, 1936) is a former American businesswoman and politician from Kentucky. As of 2014, she is the only female governor Kentucky has had. She was the fifty-sixth Governor (1983-87) after replacing John Y. Brown Jr..

Collins was considered as a running mate for Democratic Presidential nominee Walter Mondale. Mondale, however, chose Geraldine Ferraro for his mate.

Layne Collins was born in Bagdad, Kentucky.

References

1936 births
Living people
Businesspeople from Kentucky
Governors of Kentucky
US Democratic Party politicians
Lieutenant Governors of Kentucky
Miriam A. Ferguson

Miriam A. Ferguson (born Miriam Amanda Wallace; June 13 1875 — June 25, 1961) was a politician in Texas. She was nicknamed "Ma" Ferguson. She became the Governor of Texas on two different occasions. She was the second woman governor that served the United States.

Ferguson was born in Bell County, Texas. She died of heart failure, age eighty six.

Governors of Texas
1875 births
1961 deaths
Christine Todd Whitman

Christine Todd Whitman (sometimes called Christie; born September 26, 1946) is a former American Republican Governor. She served New Jersey (January 1994 to January 2001). She was also the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency (2001-03). She is so far the only female governor from New Jersey.

Todd Whitman was born in New York City.

References

Administrators of the United States Environmental Protection Agency
Governors of New Jersey
1946 births
Living people
Maggie Hassan

Margaret "Maggie" Hassan (before that: Margaret Wood; born February 27, 1958) is an American politician from New Hampshire. She is the U.S. Senator from New Hampshire. She previously operated as the 81st governor of New Hampshire from 2013 to 2017. She was elected governor in November 2012 and reelected in November 2014.

In 2016, she ran for the U.S. Senate and unseated Kelly Ayotte, the Republican incumbent in New Hampshire. She narrowly won the election by less than 720 votes.

Hassan was born in Boston, Massachusetts.

References

US Democratic Party politicians
Governors of New Hampshire
United States senators from New Hampshire
Politicians from Boston, Massachusetts
1958 births
Living people
Rocket Power

Rocket Power, was an American animated television series that was created by Arlene Klasky and Gabor Csupo. The series started on August 7, 1999 and ended on July 30, 2004. The show returned to "The '90s Are All That" programming block from December 23, 2013 until January 12, 2014.

Overview
The series is about four friends Oswald "Otto" Rocket (10-11 years old in season 1, 12 years old in season 2 and 13-15 years old since season 3), Regina "Reggie" Rocket (11-12 years old in season 1, 13 years old in season 2 and 14-16 years old since season 3), Maurice "Twister" Rodriguez (10-11 years old in season 1, 12 years old in season 2 and 13-15 years old since season 3) (Otto's 1st best friend), and Sam "Squid" Dullard (10-11 years old in season 2, 12 years old in season 2 and 13-15 years old since season 3) (Otto's 2nd best friend) that play extreme sports and live in the fictional Southern California town of Ocean Shores.

References

Other websites
Rocket Power  on NickToons.com

1999 American television series debuts
Animated television series
Nickelodeon television series
Television series set in California
2004 American television series endings
English-language television programs
Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives

The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF) is a federal law enforcement group. The ATF became its own organization on January 17, 2003, after it was proposed in the Homeland Security Act of 2002. They are a branch of the United States Department of Justice. The ATF actively prevents dangerous criminals and criminal organizations from illegally trafficking firearms and explosives, illegal storage of explosives, arson, bombings, and acts of arson, as well as stopping the illegal sale of alcohol and tobacco.

References

Federal law enforcement agencies of the United States
Beykent University

Beykent University ()  is a university in Istanbul, Turkey.

References

Other websites
 Beykent University Website 

Colleges and universities in Turkey
1997 establishments in Asia
Istanbul
20th-century establishments in Turkey
Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act

The Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (RICO) is an American federal law. This law allows extended criminal penalties and civil actions for criminal networks. RICO means that the leaders of any group can be tried for crimes if they forced others do the crimes or help with the crimes.

The RICO act covers these crimes:

Embezzlement
Bankruptcy fraud or other fraud
Obstruction of justice
Copyright infringing
Bribery

RICO started in 1970. Many different groups have been threatened with lawsuits or sued under this law.
Examples include: 
 Hell's Angels Motorcycle Club
 Los Angeles Police Department
 Michael Milken
 Some Catholic dioceses

References

1970 establishments in the United States
United States federal legislation
Carlos Borges

Carlos Ariel Borges (14 January 1932 – 5 February 2014) was an Uruguayan footballer. Borges is best known for scoring the first goal ever in a Copa Libertadores.

He earned 35 caps and scored 10 goals for the Uruguay national football team from 1954 to 1959. He played in the 1954 FIFA World Cup when Uruguay finished fourth, as he scored four goals including a hat-trick against Scotland. During his club career he played for C.A. Peñarol.

He died on February 5, 2014, aged 82.

References

1932 births
2014 deaths
Uruguayan footballers
Sportspeople from Montevideo
Louan Gideon

Louan Gideon (November 12, 1955 - February 3, 2014) was an American actress. She is best known for her role as Danielle Atron in The Secret World of Alex Mack. She was also in Search for Tomorrow.

Gideon died on February 3, 2014 in Asheville, North Carolina from cancer, aged 58.

References

Other websites

1955 births
2014 deaths
Actors from Texas
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
Cancer deaths in North Carolina
People from Asheville, North Carolina
Louise Brough

Althea Louise Brough Clapp (March 11, 1923 – February 3, 2014) was an American tennis player, once ranked world no. 1.

She was born in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma but moved to Beverly Hills, California when she was four years old.

Brough Clapp appeared in six singles finals at the U.S. Championships, but won only in 1947. She had a match point at 6–5 in the third set of the 1948 final against duPont. She also had three match points in the 1954 final against Hart, the first at 5–4 in the third set and two more at 6–5 in that set.

She was inducted in the International Tennis Hall of Fame in 1967.

Brough died at her home in Vista, California, on February 3, 2014, at the age of 90.

References

Other websites
International Tennis Hall of Fame

1923 births
2014 deaths
American female tennis players
Australian Open champions
French Open champions
Sportspeople from Los Angeles County, California
Sportspeople from Oklahoma City
US Open (tennis) champions
Wimbledon champions
World No. 1 tennis players
Benny the Bull

Benny the Bull, commonly known as Benny, is the mascot of the Chicago Bulls of the National Basketball Association. He has been the official mascot since 1969. Benny is one of the longest-tenured mascots in the NBA and in all of professional sports.

For more than 40 years, Benny the Bull has been entertaining Chicago Bulls fans, first at Chicago Stadium (1969–1994), and then at the United Center (1994–present). In 2013, Benny was named the most popular mascot in sports by Forbes.

He wears a jersey with the name "Benny" with the number "1" above on his back. Benny sports several different costumes based on the theme of the game as well as his overall "mood". Benny the Bull can also do many different kinds of dances.

References

Sports mascots
Chicago Bulls
1969 establishments in Illinois
Chicago Stadium

The Chicago Stadium (nicknamed the 'Madhouse on Madison') was an indoor sports arena and theater in Chicago, Illinois. It opened in 1929, and closed in 1994. It was demolished in 1995 because the Chicago Blackhawks and Chicago Bulls moved to the United Center.

Michael Jordan played his prime years and the Bulls won their first three championships while using Chicago Stadium.

The Stadium hosted the Chicago Blackhawks of the NHL from 1929–1994 and the Chicago Bulls of the NBA from 1967–1994.

The arena was the site of the first NFL playoff game in 1932; the 1932, 1940, and 1944 Democratic National Conventions; and the 1932 and 1944 Republican National Conventions.

The Chicago Blackhawks, also previously known as the Chicago Stadium Corporation, and not the Bulls, are the actual owners of both Chicago Stadium and the United Center.

References

Other websites

Chicago Stadium's Basketball History
Chicago Stadium's Ice Hockey History
A web page devoted to the fabled Chicago Stadium Barton organ
Remembering The Big Barn on W. Madison and its Big Barton Pipe Organ 

1929 establishments in Illinois
1995 disestablishments in the United States
Sports buildings in Chicago, Illinois
1990s disestablishments in Illinois
Wesley Willis

Wesley Willis (May 31, 1963 – August 21, 2003) was an American singer-songwriter and visual artist from Chicago.

Willis began a career as an underground singer-songwriter in the outsider music tradition, with songs featuring his bizarre, humorous and often obscene lyrics sung over the auto accompaniment feature on his Technics KN electronic keyboard.

On August 21, 2003, Willis died due to complications from chronic myelogenous leukemia in Skokie, Illinois. He was 40 years old.

References

Other websites
 Wesley Willis Biography and MP3s at Alternative Tentacles 
 monzy.org Wesley Willis Biography including Wesley Willis Song Generator 
 Press release  from Willis's good friend Jello Biafra in memory of Willis
 Art of Wesley Willis , drawings by Willis of scenes in Chicago, as well as a sampling of his music.
 Wesley Willis Art , drawings by Willis of scenes in Chicago
 Loved Like a Milkshake A Wesley Willis tribute album by a variety of artists

1963 births
2003 deaths
Deaths from leukemia
American singer-songwriters
People from Skokie, Illinois
Musicians from Chicago
Singers from Chicago
Richard Appel

Richard James "Rich" Appel (born May 21, 1963) is an American writer, producer and former lawyer. He is best known for writing and producing Fox animated sitcoms such as Family Guy, American Dad!, and The Simpsons. He also co-created The Cleveland Show with Seth MacFarlane and Mike Henry.

Background
Appel was born in New York City, New York and grew up in Wilmette, Illinois. He graduated from Harvard University. While at Harvard, he wrote for The Harvard Lampoon with Conan O'Brien and Greg Daniels. He originally worked as a lawyer. He began a career in television writing in 1994. Appel married author Mona Simpson in 1993. They had two children together before divorcing.

References

Other websites

 

Living people
Lawyers from New York City
American television producers
American television writers
Harvard University alumni
Writers from New York City
1963 births
American voice actors
People from New York City
Screenwriters from New York
The Simpsons
Kate Pierson

Catherine Elizabeth "Kate" Pierson (born April 27, 1948) is an American musician and singer. She was one of the members of The B-52's. She does rock and new wave music. She also sang with other bands.

Pierson was born in Weehawken, New Jersey.

References

1948 births
Living people
Musicians from New Jersey
American rock musicians
B*Witched

B*Witched are a girl group from Ireland. The group has four female singers. They sing pop and dancing music. Their songs, including "C'est la Vie" and "Rollercoaster", were successful in the United Kingdom. They had other songs.

The group broke up in 2002. They got together again in 2012.

1990s establishments in the Republic of Ireland
1990s Irish music groups
2000s Irish music groups
2010s Irish music groups
Girl groups
Irish pop music groups
Musical groups established in 1997
Musical groups from Dublin
Musical quartets
2002 disestablishments in Europe
Musical groups disestablished in 2002
Musical groups established in 2012
2012 establishments in Europe
Vasiľ Biľak

Vasiľ Biľak (11 August 1917 – 6 February 2014) was a Slovak communist leader.

He was born in Krajná Bystrá, Austria-Hungary. His family were Rusyns. He first worked as a tailor and then became a politician. First, from 1955 until 1971, he was a member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Slovakia (ÚV KSS). Biľak was, from November 1968 until December 1988, a secretary of ÚV KSČ with important impact on the foreign policy of the party. From 1960 until 1989, he was a part of the National Assembly, later the Federal Assembly.

Vasiľ Biľak died on 6 February 2014 in Bratislava, Slovakia. He was aged 96.

References

1917 births
2014 deaths
Communists
Czechoslovak politicians
Slovakian politicians
John Ostrom

John Harold Ostrom (February 18, 1928 – July 16, 2005) was an American paleontologist.

In the 1960s, he showed that dinosaurs are more like big non-flying birds than they are like lizards (or "saurians"). Thomas Henry Huxley in the 1860s had thought birds evolved from dinosaurs, based on a comparison of Archaeopteryx with Compsognathus. Huxley's idea was later discarded, mainly because Heilmann, in 1926, had different views.

The first of Ostrom's reviews of the osteology and phylogeny of the primitive bird Archaeopteryx appeared in 1976. After the modern discoveries of fossil dinobirds in China, the HuxleyOstrom theory was accepted by almost all palaeontologists.

Ostrom was a professor at Yale University. He was the Curator Emeritus of vertebrate paleontology at the Peabody Museum of Natural History, which has an impressive fossil collection started by Othniel Charles Marsh. He died from complications of Alzheimer's disease.

Discoveries 
His 1964 discovery of Deinonychus was one of the most important fossil finds in history. Deinonychus was an active predator that clearly killed its prey by leaping and slashing or stabbing with its "terrible claw". Evidence of a truly active lifestyle included long strings of tendons running along the tail, making it a stiff counterbalance for jumping and running. The conclusion that at least some dinosaurs had a high metabolism, and were therefore warm-blooded, was popularized by his student Robert Bakker. This helped to change the impression of dinosaurs as the sluggish, slow, cold-blooded lizards which had prevailed since the turn of the century.

This changed how dinosaurs are seen by both professional dinosaur illustrators, and by the public. The find is also credited with triggering the "dinosaur renaissance", a term coined in a 1975 issue of Scientific American by Bakker. It describes the renewed  interest in paleontology, which has lasted from the 1970s to the present.

Ostrom's interest in the dinosaur-bird connection started with his study of what is now known as the Haarlem Archaeopteryx. Discovered in 1855, it was actually the first specimen recovered but, incorrectly labeled as Pterodactylus crassipes, it languished in the Teyler's Museum in the Netherlands until Ostrom's 1970 paper (and 1972 description) correctly identified it as one of only eight "first birds" (counting the solitary feather).

Ostrom also studied fossilized trackways of the duckbilled dinosaur Hadrosaurus. He decided they traveled in herds. To this extent they were social animals like many birds and mammals, but unlike lizards.

References 

 Obituary Los Angeles Times July 21, 2005

Other websites 
Dinosaurs in your garden

1928 births
2005 deaths
Deaths from Alzheimer's disease
American paleontologists
People from New York City
Brent Hayden

Brent Matthew Hayden (born October 21, 1983 in Mission, British Columbia) is a Canadian retired swimmer.

During the 100-metre freestyle event at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London he won the bronze medal for Canada. He became the first Canadian in 21 years to win a gold medal at the World Aquatics Championships. He was also the first Canadian to appear in the 100-metre final at the Olympics since Dick Pound appeared at the 1960 Summer Olympics. He was also the first Canadian to win an Olympic medal in the 100 m event.

After the men's 4 × 100-metre medley relay at the Olympics, Hayden announced that he was retiring. He said he believed in the Canadian swim team to thrive in the future, saying that "I think in the grand scheme of things, with the people we have, we’ve done an amazing job … As long as we keep that momentum building, I think we’re going to see more success come from more diverse events."

References

Other websites
 Official website

1983 births
Canadian Olympic bronze medalists
Canadian swimmers
Living people
Sportspeople from British Columbia
Zhucheng fossil site

The Zhucheng fossil site is in Zhucheng, a city in the Shandong Province of China. It is perhaps the greatest treasury of dinosaur fossils found in the 20th century.

Zhucheng has been an important site for dinosaur excavation since 1960. The local community used the calcium-rich fossils for traditional village remedies used to treat muscle cramps and other minor ailments.

The world's largest hadrosaur fossil was found in Zhucheng in the 1980s, and is on display in the local museum. Scientists have collected more than  of fossils since 1960.

Many dinosaur bones were smuggled out of the city. In 2008 Australia returned hundreds of kilograms of Chinese dinosaur fossils, including dinosaur fossil eggs. These fossils were recovered during a sting operation carried out on warehouses and cargo containers.

The palaeontologists believe they have found one of the biggest sites of dinosaur remains from a massive excavation pit. The fossilized bones date to the Upper Cretaceous just before to the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event. The findings also include the remains of a 20 meter (66 ft) hadrosaurid, a record size for the duck-billed dinosaur. A fossilized skull of a large ceratopsian was also found along with bones which belong to club-tailed ankylosaurs.

Such a high concentration of fossil bones in such a small area suggests they died together and suddenly. Scientists believe a volcanic eruption may have killed the dinosaurs, and a subsequent flood carried the fossils to Zhucheng, which may have been a wetland covered in grass.

The local authorities in Shandong are making plans to set up a fossil park in the area.

References 

Lagerstätten
Tamina Snuka

Sarona Reiher (born January 10, 1978) better known by her ring name Tamina Snuka, is an American professional wrestler. She is curretly wrestling for the WWE. She is the daughter of WWE Hall of Famer Jimmy "Superfly" Snuka.

Career
On the May 24, 2010 episode of Raw, Reiher debuted along with Jimmy and Jey Uso. On the September 28, 2013 episode of SmackDown, she began accompanying WWE Divas champion AJ Lee to the ring. She currently teams with her and acts as her bodyguard.

Championships
Pro Wrestling Illustrated
She was ranked #19 of the best 50 female singles wrestlers in the PWI Female 50 in 2012.
Wrestling Observer Newsletter
Worst Worked Match of the Year (2013) (with AJ Lee, Aksana, Alicia Fox, Kaitlyn, Rosa Mendes and Summer Rae vs. Brie Bella, Cameron, Eva Marie, Jojo, Naomi, Natalya and Nikki Bella on November 24)

References

Other websites
WWE profile

1978 births
Living people
American professional wrestlers
Female professional wrestlers
Sportspeople from Washington
WWE wrestlers
Royal Highness

Royal Highness is a style of address traditionally used to address or refer to members of the royal families. This address is usually for princes, other than monarchs, and their female consorts. This style ranks below that of Imperial Highness. Historically the term was first used by Gaston, Duke of Orléans, younger son of King Henry IV of France. He encountered this style in Brussels and used it himself. His children later used the style, considering it their right as grandchildren of France. In contradiction to other European kingdoms, the kingdom of Denmark reserves the superior style of Royal Highness only to the children of the monarch and the children of the crown prince; other grandchildren of a Danish monarch enjoy the style of Highness, e.g. Princess Elisabeth of Denmark.

Examples of modern usage

His Royal Highness The Prince of Wales. Present day heir to the British throne. 
Her Royal Highness Princess Elisabeth of Belgium, Duchess of Brabant First in line to the present day Belgian throne. 
Her Royal Highness The Princess of Asturias. The first in line to the modern day Spanish throne. 
His Royal Highness The Crown Prince of Greece, Prince of Denmark, Duke of Sparta. The eldest son and heir of the pretender to the modern day Greek throne. Due to Greece being a Republic the title of HRH is not officially recognised but is used out of courtesy.

Related pages
Royal family
Titles of European royal heirs
Prince

References

Styles (manners of address)
Western horse

The Western horse (or Equus occidentalis) was a species of horse that inhabited North America during the Pleistocene. It is now extinct.

It was a stoutly built animal. It resembled the extinct quagga or the modern zebra, although it was not a close relative of either or these species.

References 

Horses
Tavastia (historical province)

Tavastia is an historical province in Finland.

Tavastia is now divided between four regions of Finland. These are Tavastia Proper, Päijänne Tavastia, Pirkanmaa and Central Finland.

History of Finland
Geography of Finland
Town & Country

Town & Country is a romantic comedy movie from 2001. This movie is about an architect named Porter whose life begins coming apart. The movie is also about deceitful friends. Goldie Hawn plays Mona Morris. Andie MacDowell plays Eugenie. Jenna Elfman plays Auburn.

The movie was released on April 27, 2001 by Warner Bros. The reviews were very negative. Both critics and audiences did not like this movie. It bombed in the box office. Its intake was only barely US$10.5 million over a budget of $90 million.

American romantic comedy movies
2001 movies
Imperial Highness

Imperial Highness is a style of address traditionally used by members of an emperor's family. It ranks as the highest and most prestigious style used among royalty. It outranks the style of Royal Highness. The style is often associated with the title of Crown Prince.

Examples of usage
Her Imperial Highness Grand Duchess Anastasia Nikolaevna of Russia. 
His Imperial Highness  The Tsesarevich of Russia (The title for the heir to the Russian throne. Who later succeeded as Tsar Nicholas II of Russia.
 His Imperial Highness Naruhito, The Crown Prince of Japan.
His Imperial Highness Crown Princess Masako . Wife of the son of the present Emperor of Japan and therefore the heir to the Imperial throne. 
His Imperial Highness Prince Tomohito of Mikasa. Himself another member of the Japanese Imperial family.

Related pages 
Titles of European royal heirs

References 

Styles (manners of address)
The Fault in Our Stars

The Fault in Our Stars is a 2012 novel by young adult author John Green. 

The book follows the story of sixteen year old Hazel Grace Lancaster, who has cancer. Her parents make her go to a support group, where she meets a boy named Augustus Waters, who she falls in love with. 

It has been made into a movie of the same name, which was released on June 6, 2014.

References

2012 books
21st century American novels
Amsterdam
Cancer in fiction
English-language novels
Indianapolis, Indiana 

Romance novels
Young adult novels
Indiana in fiction
Koke

Koke (born Jorge Resurección Meredio in Madrid on 8 January 1992) is a Spanish footballer. He plays as a midfielder for Atlético Madrid. He played for the Spain national football team at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London.

International career statistics 

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|2013||7||0
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|2014||3||0
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!Total||10||0
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References

Living people
1992 births
Spanish footballers
Sportspeople from Madrid
Gomphothere

The Gomphotheres were a varied family of extinct elephant-like animals (proboscidea)  the Gomphotheriidae.  They had a wide distribution. They were common in North America during the Miocene and Pliocene epochs, 121.6 million years ago. Some lived in parts of Eurasia, Beringia and, after the Great American Interchange, South America.

Beginning about 5 million years ago, they were gradually replaced by modern elephants. The last two South American species, in the genus Cuvieronius, did not become extinct until about 9000 years ago. Stegomastodon remains have been dated as recently as 6,000 years ago in the Valle del Magdalena, Colombia.  Gomphotheres also survived in Mexico and Central America until the end of the Pleistocene.

References 

Extinct elephants
22 Jump Street

22 Jump Street is a 2014 criminal comedy movie. The movie is about two police officers who go undercover at a fraternity. Their friendship is pushed to the limit. Channing Tatum plays Jenko. Jonah Hill plays Morton.

The movie picks up from where the first movie left off. It was released in June 2014.

Release dates

Other websites 

2014 action movies
2014 buddy movies
2014 comedy movies
2014 crime movies
2010s action comedy movies
2010s criminal comedy movies
2010s sequel movies
American action comedy movies
American criminal comedy movies
American sequel movies
Buddy action movies
Buddy comedy movies
English-language movies
Brie Larson

Brianne Sidonie Desaulniers, known professionally as Brie Larson, (born in Sacramento, California, October 1, 1989) is an American musician, singer, actress, director and screenwriter. 

She played Molly in the 2012 movie version of 21 Jump Street. She also played Envy in Scott Pilgrim vs. the World. Larson won the Academy Award for Best Actress for her role as Ma in the 2015 movie Room.

Filmography

Film

Television

References

Academy Award winning actors
Golden Globe Award winning actors
American television actors
American movie actors
Actors from Sacramento, California
1989 births
Living people
Serene Highness

Serene Highness is a style of address used by several princely and noble families throughout present-day Europe. It has also been used historically. It ranks below Royal Highness and Imperial Highness.

Examples of usage
 Princes of the Blood at the French royal court of Versailles (such as His Serene Highness The Duke of Penthièvre)
 The present Prince of Monaco who is a son of Grace Kelly. 
 Various German princely states prior to the country being unified in 1871.
 Various Russian princely families
 Her Serene Highness Princess Romanova-Krasinskaya
 Princes of Carignan

Styles (manners of address)
Carat

Carat usually means either:

 Carat (mass), a unit of mass for gemstones, equal to 0.2 gram 
 Carat (purity) or karat, a unit of purity for gold

Related pages 
Carrot