cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Alan Berg

Alan Harrison Berg (January 1, 1934 – June 18, 1984) was an American Jewish attorney and talk radio show host in Denver, Colorado. He was born in Chicago, Illinois. Berg was known for his mostly liberal views. His programs could be received in more than 30 states. He was lastly hired by KOA and debuted on February 23, 1981. He worked at KOA until his death.

On June 18, 1984, Berg was fatally shot, aged 50, in the driveway of his Denver home by members of the white nationalist group.

References

Other websites
Alan Berg at the Internet Movie Database
Talk Radio Assassination!, WFMU website 1996
"Living Out Loud: Death of a Radiohead" , Cincinnati CityBeat July 14, 2004
Judith Lee Berg, a profile of Alan Berg's widow

1934 births
1984 deaths
Murders by firearm in the United States
American crime victims
Lawyers from Chicago
Jewish American writers
Journalists from Chicago
Radio personalities from Chicago
Writers from Denver, Colorado
North Barrington, Illinois

North Barrington is a village in Lake County, Illinois, United States. The population was 3,047 at the 2010 census.

References

Other websites
Village of North Barrington official website
Barrington Area Library

Villages in Illinois
Waco siege

The Waco siege was the siege of a compound belonging to the Branch Davidians, carried out by American federal and Texas state law enforcement, as well as the U.S. military, between February 28 and April 19, 1993.

The Branch Davidians were led by David Koresh and were headquartered at Mount Carmel Center ranch in the community of Axtell, Texas, 13 miles (21 kilometers) east-northeast of Waco.

The incident began when the ATF attempted to raid the ranch. An intense gun battle erupted, resulting in the deaths of four government agents and six Branch Davidians. Upon the ATF's failure to raid the compound, a siege lasting 51 days was initiated by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI).

Eventually, the FBI launched an assault and initiated a tear gas attack in an attempt to force the Branch Davidians out of the ranch. During the attack, a fire engulfed Mount Carmel Center. In total, 76 people died, including David Koresh.

References

1993 in the United States
Murders by firearm in the United States
1990s in Texas
Waco, Texas
Lockport, New York

Lockport is a city in Niagara County, New York, United States. The population was 21,165 at the 2010 census. It is so named from a set of Erie Canal locks (Lock Numbers 34 and 35) within the city. Lockport is the county seat of Niagara County. It is part of the Buffalo–Niagara Falls Metropolitan Statistical Area.

References

Cities in New York
County seats in New York
George Peabody

George Peabody ( ; February 18, 1795 – November 4, 1869) was an American financier and philanthropist, and slave trader. He was widely thought as the father of modern philanthropy. He founded the Peabody Trust in Britain and the Peabody Institute and George Peabody Library in Baltimore.

Peabody's early company Riggs, Peabody and Co. was based in Maryland, a slave state. It bought and sold slaves as well as related goods like clothing for slaves. When he lived in London, he received visits from his relative Herbert C. Peabody, a slave owner and cotton planter in Mobile, Alabama.

Peabody was awarded the Congressional Gold Medal and made a Freeman of the City of London, among many other honors. He was given a funeral and temporary grave in Westminster Abbey.

References

Other websites

Phillips Library , Peabody Essex Museum. Repository of 145 linear feet of Peabody's business and personal papers.

1795 births
1869 deaths
Deaths from pneumonia
Disease-related deaths in London
American philanthropists
Businesspeople from Massachusetts
Slavers
Torque converter

A torque converter, or torque multiplier, is a device for multiplying torque. It is widely used in transmission systems for road and rail vehicles with internal combustion engines.

Operation
The diagram shows a hydraulic torque converter.  It contains two turbines and a stator.
 Green = pump turbine, turned by the engine
 Blue = stator
 Yellow = driven turbine, connected to the wheels of the vehicle
 Red = direction of flow of the hydraulic fluid

The driven turbine can deliver high torque at low speed.  As the vehicle accelerates, the speed goes up and the torque goes down.  This happens automatically, so there is no need for the driver to change gear.

Engineering
Bill Hendon

William Martin Hendon (November 9, 1944 – June 20, 2018) was an American author, activist, and politician. He was born in Asheville, North Carolina. He served as a two-term Republican U.S. representative from North Carolina's 11th District.

Hendon died on June 20, 2018 under hospice carer in Forest City, North Carolina after suffering from Parkinson's disease at the age of 73.

References

Other websites
 
Biography, The Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
A Finding Aid to Records Relating to American Prisoners of War and Missing in Action from the Vietnam War Era, 1960-1994, The National Archives, compiled 1996

1944 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from Parkinson's disease
United States representatives from North Carolina
American political writers
American political activists
Writers from North Carolina
People from Asheville, North Carolina
US Republican Party politicians
Forest City, North Carolina

Forest City, formerly known as "Burnt Chimney," is a town in Rutherford County, North Carolina, United States. The population was 7,476 as of the 2010 census, making it the largest municipality in Rutherford County.

References

Towns in North Carolina
Frank Heart

Frank Evans Heart (May 15, 1929 – June 24, 2018) was an American computer engineer. He was born in New York City, but was raised in Yonkers, New York. Heart designed the first routing computer for the ARPANET, the predecessor to the Internet. In 2014, Heart was inducted into the Internet Hall of Fame.

Heart died of melanoma on June 24, 2018 in Lexington, Massachusetts at the age of 89.

References

Other websites
 Internet Hall of Fame bio
 A History of Computer Communications: 1968-1988 

1929 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from melanoma
Cancer deaths in Massachusetts
American computer scientists
Engineers from New York
Scientists from New York City
People from Yonkers, New York
Ljubuški

Ljubuški is a town and municipality in Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is in the West Herzegovina Canton, a unit of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Demographics

Ljubuški Municipality

Ljubuški populated place

References

Other websites 

 Ljubuški official webpage  
 www.ljubuski.info 
 www.ljubusaci.com 
 www.ljubuski.com

Settlements in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Blockchain

A Blockchain (or block chain) is a method of storing a list of entries, which cannot be changed easily after they are created.  This also applies to the list.  This is done by using several concepts from cryptography, including digital signatures and hash functions. In very basic terms, a blockchain combines the following two ideas:

 Given some data, it is easy to calculate a checksum over the data.  Special hash functions can be designed to calculate this checksum. These functions can be designed to return a value that always has the same length, which is not dependent on the length of the input. This value is called hash value, or message digest. The functions also have another property: Given the same input, they must return the same output (hash value/message digest).
 In addition to the hash values, a block typically also contains a timestamp, and some payload. Each block uses a digital signature, which allows detecting any change in the data since the signature was made. When new blocks of data are created, the newly created block will also contain the hash value of the previous block.

In most cases, a blockchain is managed by a peer-to-peer network. All peers use a common protocol that specifies how they should communicate with each other, how a new block is created and validated. Once recorded, the data in any given block cannot be changed easily any more. Changing the block means all the blocks after it need to be changed as well. Depending on the protocol, this will require a majority of the peers, or even all the peers, to agree.

Blockchains are secure by design. Blockchain technology is used where keeping a correct record is important. Use cases include  medical records, identity management, food traceability, and voting.

Blockchain was invented by Stuart Haber and Scott Stornetta in 1991 as a means to assure the integrity of digital records. Haber and Stornetta launched the world's first commercial blockchain; Surety in 1995.

In 2008, Satoshi Nakamoto included as references 3 and 4 of Bitcoin: A Peer to Peer Electronic Cash System, the two papers by Haber and Stornetta   to serve as the public transaction ledger of the cryptocurrency bitcoin.  Because of its blockchain, bitcoin became the first digital currency to solve the double-spending problem without the need of a trusted authority or central server.  The bitcoin design has inspired other applications.

References

Computer science
Cryptocurrency
Supreme Court of India

The Supreme Court of India is the highest court of India which gives justice to people if they had made any offence.

India
Government of India
Then Shall of the Mourning

Then Shall of the Mourning is an American alternative metal band formed in 1998.

Discography
Studio albums
 Next (November 23, 2001)
 The Darkest Plague (January 9, 2009)

American musical groups
Fabian strategy

The Fabian strategy is a military strategy where one side avoids the other, and avoids pitched battles and frontal assaults. 

The object is to wear down the opponent by a "war of attrition". The side using this strategy harasses its enemy through skirmishes to weaken it, disrupt supply and affect morale. 

This strategy is employed by a side which believes time is on its side, but it may also be adopted when no other strategy is possible.

War
Sainte-Croix-aux-Mines

Sainte-Croix-aux-Mines is a commune. It is in the Haut-Rhin department of east France.

Coal mines were operating in the village until 1849.

Gallery

Related pages 
 Communes of the Haut-Rhin department

References 
INSEE commune file

Other websites

Communes in Haut-Rhin
Pattensen

Pattensen is a town in the district of Hanover, in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is about  south of Hanover.

Pattensen is twinned with Saint-Aubin-lès-Elbeuf in France.

References
List of railway companies involved in the 1923 Grouping

Under the Railways Act 1921 the majority of the railway companies in Great Britain (along with a few in Northern Ireland) were grouped into four main companies, often termed the Big Four. The grouping took effect from 1 January 1923.

The Big Four

The Big Four and their constituent companies, showing route mileage, were:
Great Western Railway (GWR)
 Great Western Railway 
 Alexandra (Newport and South Wales) Docks and Railway (ADR) 
 Barry Railway (Barry)  
 Cambrian Railways (Cambrian)  
 Cardiff Railway (Cardiff)  
 Rhymney Railway (RhyR)  
 Taff Vale Railway (TVR) 
 for the list of subsidiary companies and joint railways see List of constituents of the Great Western Railway
London and North Eastern Railway (LNER)
 Great Central Railway (GCR)  
 Great Eastern Railway (GER)  
 Great Northern Railway (GNR) 
 Hull and Barnsley Railway (H&BR) 
 North Eastern Railway (NER) 
 Great North of Scotland Railway (GNSR)  
 North British Railway (NBR) 
 for the list of subsidiary companies and joint railways see List of constituents of the London and North Eastern Railway 
London, Midland and Scottish Railway (LMS)
 London and North Western Railway (LNWR); 
 including Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway (L&YR) amalgamated from 1 January 1922
 Furness Railway (Furness); 
 Midland Railway (MR) 
 North Staffordshire Railway (NSR) 
 Caledonian Railway (CalR) 
 Glasgow and South Western Railway (GSWR) 
 Highland Railway (HR) 
 for the list of subsidiary companies and joint railways see List of constituents of the London, Midland and Scottish Railway
The Railways Act 1921 did not extend to Ireland, but Irish lines owned by constituent companies became part of the LMS:
 Dundalk, Newry and Greenore Railway (DNGR)  (owned by the LNWR)
 Northern Counties Committee lines (NCC)  (owned by the Midland Railway)
 The NCC and Great Northern Railway (Ireland) (GNR(I)) operated the County Donegal Railways Joint Committee lines jointly, and these became joint lines of the LMS and GNR(I) after grouping.
Southern Railway (SR)
 London, Brighton and South Coast Railway (LBSCR)  
 London and South Western Railway (LSWR) 
 South Eastern and Chatham Railways' Managing Committee: a working union of the South Eastern Railway and the London, Chatham and Dover Railway 
 for the list of subsidiary companies and joint railways see List of constituent companies of the Southern Railway

Companies not covered by the grouping
Over fifty railway companies were not covered by the grouping. These small railway companies kept their independence.

Rail transport in Great Britain
Jagjivan Ram

Jagjivan Ram (5 April 1908 – 6 July 1986), mostly known as Babuji, was an Indian independence activist and politician from Bihar. He was instrumental in foundation of the All-India Depressed Classes League, an organisation dedicated to attaining equality for untouchables in 1935. He was elected to Bihar Legislative Assembly in 1937 after which he organised the rural labour movement.

References

1908 births
1986 deaths
Indian activists
Bihar
People from Bihar
Indian Deputy Prime Ministers
Andrey Dementyev

Andrey Dmitriyevich Dementyev (; July 16, 1928 in Tver  – June 26, 2018 in Moscow) was a Russian and Soviet poet, a laureate of Lenin’s Young Communist League Award (1981), a USSR State Prize (1985), and Bunin Prize (2007). In October 1993, he signed the Letter of Forty-Two.

Dementyev died on June 16, 2018 in Moscow from prostate cancer, aged 89.

References

Other websites
 Andrey Dementyev, Peoples.ru 
 Online Encyclopedia 'Krugosvet' 
 Andrey Dementyev poetry at Stihipoeta.ru

1928 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from prostate cancer
Russian poets
Soviet writers
Grade (slope)

For other uses see: Gradient (disambiguation)

The grade (or gradient) of a road or railway line is a measure of its steepness. It may be expressed as a percentage or in other ways.  For example, a gradient of 1% may also be expressed as 1 in 100.  This means that the road rises or falls by 1 metre for every 100 metres of forward travel.

Physical geography
Henri Namphy

Henri Namphy (November 2, 1932 in Cap-Haïtien, Haiti – June 26, 2018) was a Haitian general and politician. He served as President of Haiti's interim ruling body, the National Council of Government, from February 7, 1986 to February 7, 1988. He served again as President of Haiti from June 20, 1988 until his deposition on September 17, 1988 in the September 1988 Haitian coup d'état.

References

1932 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from lung cancer
Presidents of Haiti
Prosper Avril

Matthieu Prosper Avril (born December 12, 1937) is a Haitian politician. He was President of Haiti from 1988 to 1990. Avril led the September 1988 Haitian coup d'état against a transition military government installed after Jean-Claude Duvalier's 1986 overthrow.

Avril was president until March 1990. He was arrested under human rights violation in 2001, but released in March 2004 after the 2004 Haitian coup d'état overthrew Jean-Bertrand Aristide.

References

Presidents of Haiti
Generals
1937 births
Living people
President of Haiti

The President of the Republic of Haiti (, ) is the head of state of Haiti. They serve as the executive power in Haiti. The power is divided between the president and the government headed by the Prime Minister of Haiti.  The current acting President is Ariel Henry, who took office on July 20, 2021.

Qualifications
To be elected President, a candidate must:
 be a native-born Haitian and never renounced that nationality;
 have reached the age of 35 by election day;
 be the owner of a real property and have one's habitual residence in the country;
 reside in the country at least 5 years before election day;
 have been discharged of responsibilities if previously handling public funds.

Heads of State of Haiti

Saint-Domingue (1791–1804)

First Empire of Haiti (1804–1806)

State of Haiti (1806–1811)

Kingdom of Haiti (1811–1820)

Republic of Haiti (1806–1822)

Republic of Haiti during the unification of Hispaniola (1822–1844)

Republic of Haiti (1844–1849)

Second Empire of Haiti (1849–1859)

Republic of Haiti (1859–1957)

Republic of Haiti during the Duvalier dynasty (1957–1986)
Symbols
 Presidential referendum
 Constitutional referendum
 Died in office

Republic of Haiti (1986–present)
Symbols
 Indirect election
Status

Notes

References

Sources
Jovenel Moïse

Jovenel Moïse (26 June 1968 – 7 July 2021) was a Haitian politician. He served as the 42nd President of Haiti from February 2017 until his death. In 2019, political unrest and calls for his resignation became a crisis.

Moïse was assassinated at his home in Pétion-Ville, Haiti on 7 July 2021. His wife, Martine Moïse was also shot. He was shot with 12 bullets in his chest, arms, right leg, and left hip, and had a shattered left eye.

References

Other websites

1968 births
2021 deaths
Presidents of Haiti
Assassinated people
Murders by firearm
Vladimir Andreyevich Uspensky

Vladimir A. Uspensky (Russian: Влади́мир Андре́евич Успе́нский; 27 November 1930 – 27 June 2018) was a Russian mathematician, linguist, writer, doctor of physics and mathematics (1964). He was born in Moscow. He was the author of numerous papers on mathematical logic and linguistics. In addition, he also penned a number of memoir essays. He led linguistic reform in Russian education.

Uspensky died in Moscow of heart failure on 27 June 2018, aged 87.

References

Other websites
 Mathematics Genealogy Project entry
 MSU home page 
 Dynkin Collection entry with video interviews

2018 deaths
1930 births
Deaths from heart failure
Russian mathematicians
Russian physicians
Russian physicists
Writers from Moscow
Cambrian Railways

The Cambrian Railways owned  of track over a large area of mid-Wales. The system was made from a number of earlier railways. The Cambrian connected with two of the larger railways to give connections to England. These were:
 London and North Western Railway for connections to North West England
 Great Western Railway for connections to London

The Cambrian Railways amalgamated with the Great Western Railway on 1 January 1922 as a result of the Railways Act 1921. The name is continued today in the route known as the Cambrian Line.

Rail transport in Great Britain
London and North Western Railway

The London and North Western Railway (LNWR) was a British railway company between 1846 and 1922. In the late 19th century the LNWR was the largest joint stock company in the world. The LNWR was formed in 1846 by a merger of the Grand Junction Railway, the London & Birmingham Railway and the Manchester & Birmingham Railway. The London terminus was at Euston railway station

In 1923, the LNWR became a part of the London, Midland and Scottish Railway (LMS) under the Railways Act 1921. In 1948, it became the London Midland Region of British Railways. The LNWR may be seen as an ancestor of today's West Coast Main Line.

Rail transport in Great Britain
David Berkowitz

David Richard Berkowitz (born Richard David Falco; June 1, 1953), known also as the Son of Sam and the .44 Caliber Killer, is an American serial killer. He was born in Brooklyn, New York.

Berkowitz pleaded guilty to eight separate shooting attacks that began in New York City during the summer of 1976. The crimes were done with a .44 caliber Bulldog revolver. He killed six people and wounded nine others by July 1977. On the night of August 10, 1977, Berkowitz was taken into custody by New York City police homicide detectives in front of his Yonkers apartment building.

Berkowitz has been incarcerated since his arrest and is serving six consecutive life sentences.

The Spike Lee drama Summer of Sam was released in 1999 with actor Michael Badalucco in the role of Son of Sam.

References

Other websites
 Arise and Shine, official website

1953 births
Living people
American people convicted of manslaughter
American adoptees
American Christians
American serial killers
Criminals from New York City
Gary Ridgway

Gary Leon Ridgway (born February 18, 1949), also known as the Green River Killer, is an American serial killer. He was convicted of 48 separate murders. As part of his plea bargain, an additional conviction was added, bringing the total number of convictions to 49, making him the most prolific serial killer in United States history according to confirmed murders. He was born in Salt Lake City, Utah.

Ridgway murdered many women and girls in the state of Washington during the 1980s and 1990s. He would mainly kill runaways or prostitutes and would strangled his victims.

On November 30, 2001, as Ridgway was leaving the Kenworth truck factory where he worked in Renton, Washington, he was arrested for the murders of four women whose cases were linked to him through DNA evidence.

References

Other websites
A copy of Ridgway's infamous letter to the press (PDF)

1949 births
Living people
American serial killers
American people convicted of manslaughter
American military personnel of the Vietnam War
People from Seattle, Washington
People from Salt Lake City, Utah
Donn Moomaw

Donn Moomaw (born October 15, 1931) is an American football player and Presbyterian minister. He was born in Santa Ana, California. In the 1950s, he plated for Toronto Argonauts and for Ottawa Rough Riders. In 1953, he was drafted by the Los Angeles Rams.

Moomaw played for UCLA as the center and linebacker for the team. He was elected to the College Football Hall of Fame in 1973.

Moomaw later became a Presbyterian minister, most notably serving Los Angeles' Bel Air Presbyterian Church as pastor from 1964 to 1993. He became friends with California Governor Ronald Reagan and wife Nancy.  Moomaw later gave the invocation and benediction at Reagan's 1981 presidential inauguration and 1985 presidential inauguration.

References

1931 births
Living people
American football players
American Presbyterians
Sportspeople from California
Bruce Davison

Bruce Davison (born June 28, 1946) is an American actor and director. Davison is well known for his starring roles in the horror movie Willard (1971), Longtime Companion (1989) and in the X-Men movie franchise – through X-Men (2000) and X2 (2003) as Senator Robert Kelly.

Davison won a Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor and was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his role in Longtime Companion.

References

Other websites

Golden Globe Award winning actors
1946 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American voice actors
American movie directors
American television directors
Actors from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Daniel Pilon

Daniel Pilon (November 13, 1940 – June 26, 2018) was a Canadian-born actor. He was known for his role in Dallas as Naldo Marchetta. Pilon was born in Montreal, Quebec.  

In addition to Dallas, he has appeared in daytime soap operas such as Ryan's Hope, Guiding Light and Days of Our Lives. He also starred as Donn Moomaw in The Reagans and as Senator Rutledge in Shoot 'Em Up.

Pilon was also considered for the role of James Bond twice, in 1968 and in 1984.

Pilon died on June 26, 2018 from cancer at a Montreal hospital at the age of 77.

References

Other websites

1940 births
2018 deaths
Cancer deaths in Canada
Canadian movie actors
Canadian television actors
Canadian stage actors
Actors from Montreal
Fountain Hill, Arkansas

Fountain Hill is a town in Ashley County, Arkansas, United States. The population was 175 at the 2010 census. Fountain Hill is located at  (33.355421, -91.851173).

References

Towns in Arkansas
Five Nights at Freddy's: Sister Location

Five Nights at Freddy's: Sister Location, or simply Sister Location, is a survival horror video game created by Scott Cawthon. It is the fifth installment of the main series of the game franchise Five Nights at Freddy's. The game was released on October 7, 2016. Throughout the game, the player interacts with a new cast of animatronic characters, central to which is an animatronic named Circus Baby.

In addition, Sister Location is the first core game in the series to feature professional voice acting and an original soundtrack.

The game received mixed to positive reviews from critics, praising the voice acting, soundtrack, and humor, while criticizing its plot inconsistencies and still-departure from the previous titles' gameplay.

References

2016 video games
Five Nights at Freddy's (series)
Abbas Alizada

Abbas Alizada known as Bruce Lee of Afghanistan is an amateur athlete in Kung-fu and Wushu in Afghanistan.
Alizada became the favorite of the social networking sites of Afghanistan, due to apparent similarity to Bruce Lee.

References

Gallery 

Living people
FNaF World

FNaF World is an indie role-playing video game created by Scott Cawthon. It is the first official spin-off to the Five Nights at Freddy's series. 

The game was released for Microsoft Windows on January 21, 2016. On February 8, 2016, the game was updated, and re-released as freeware on Game Jolt free of charge. It received mixed reviews. Metacritic gave the game a review of 4.6/10.

References

Other websites
 

Five Nights at Freddy's (series)
Freddy Fazbear's Pizzeria Simulator

Freddy Fazbear's Pizzeria Simulator is a point-and-click survival horror video game created by Scott Cawthon. It is the sixth official main installment of the Five Nights at Freddy's game series. The game was released on December 4, 2017 for free on Steam and Gamejolt.

Freddy Fazbear's Pizzeria Simulator received mostly positive reviews. GameCrate called it the "best value in gaming right now".

References

Five Nights at Freddy's (series)
Scott Cawthon

Scott Braden Cawthon (born June 4, 1978) is an American video game designer, developer, animator, and writer. He is best known as the creator of the Five Nights of Freddy's game franchise.

Career 
Cawthon has also created other games, such as Chipper & Son's Lumber Co., The Desolate Hope, and There is No Pause Button!, as well as Christian-based animations such as A Christmas Journey and The Pilgrim's Progress. He used Autodesk 3ds Max, Autodesk Maya, and Clickteam Fusion 2.5 to develop Five Nights at Freddy's and most of his other games.

Works 
In 2015, Cawthon released his first novel, Five Nights at Freddy's: The Silver Eyes. On June 24, 2016, Cawthon announced that he had made a 3-book deal with Scholastic and that the first book (The Silver Eyes) would be re-printed on paperback in October that year, with the second and third being released in 2017 and 2018.

Cawthon will be producing a Five Nights movie with Blumhouse Productions.

References

Other websites

 

1972 births
Living people
American animators
American Christians
American novelists
Five Nights at Freddy's (series)
Writers from Texas
Midland Railway

The Midland Railway (MR) was a railway company in the United Kingdom from 1844 to 1922. It had a large network of lines managed from its headquarters in Derby. It became the third-largest railway undertaking in the British Isles after the Great Western Railway and the London and North Western Railway.

The company was formed in 1844 by the merger of the Midland Counties Railway, the North Midland Railway, and the Birmingham & Derby Junction Railway. The Birmingham & Gloucester Railway joined two years later. The earlier systems met at Derby railway station. The MR established its locomotive works, and later its carriage and wagon works, at Derby.

In 1923, the MR became part of the London, Midland and Scottish Railway under the Railways Act 1921.

Rail transport in Great Britain
Salado, Texas

Salado ( ) is a village in Bell County, Texas, United States. The population of the village was 2,126 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Killeen–Temple Metropolitan Statistical Area.

References

Villages in Texas
Killeen, Texas

Killeen is a city in Bell County, Texas, United States. According to the 2010 census, its population was 127,921, making it the 21st-most populous city in Texas.

References

Cities in Texas
Temple, Texas

Temple is a city in Bell County, Texas, United States.  As of 2016 the city has a population of 73,600 according to a US census estimate. It is near the county seat of Belton, Texas. It is located off Interstate 35, Temple is  north of Austin and  south of Waco.

References

Cities in Texas
Belton, Texas

Belton is a city in the U.S. state of Texas, within the Killeen-Temple metropolitan area. The city is on the Interstate 35 corridor between Austin and Waco. It is the seat of Bell County.

The population was 20,547 in 2015 according to a US Census Estimate. As of 2015 the metro region had a population of 450,051.

References

Cities in Texas
County seats in Texas
Clio, Alabama

Clio is a city in Barbour County, Alabama, United States. The population was 1,399 at the 2010 census, down from 2,206 in 2000.

It is the birthplace of former Governor George C. Wallace.

References

Cities in Alabama
Great Northern Railway (Great Britain)

The Great Northern Railway (GNR) was a British railway company established in 1846. The main line ran from London King's Cross station via Hitchin, Peterborough, and Grantham, to York. There was a loop line from Peterborough to Bawtry (south of Doncaster) via Boston and Lincoln. There were also branch lines to Sheffield and Wakefield. On 1 January 1923 the company became a part of the London and North Eastern Railway. Today, the GNR main line forms part of the East Coast Main Line.

Rail transport in Great Britain
1846 establishments in the United Kingdom
North Eastern Railway (UK)

The North Eastern Railway (NER) was a British railway company.  It was incorporated in 1854 by the combination of several existing railway companies. In 1923, it was merged with other railways to form the London and North Eastern Railway under the Railways Act 1921.  The NER main line survives today as part of the East Coast Main Line between London and Edinburgh.

Rail transport in Great Britain
1854 establishments in Europe
1850s establishments in the United Kingdom
George Steiner

Francis George Steiner, FBA (April 23, 1929 – February 3, 2020) was a French-born American literary critic, essayist, philosopher, novelist, and educator. He wrote about the relationship between language, literature and society, and the impact of the Holocaust.

Steiner died on February 3, 2020 at his home in Cambridge at the age of 90.

References

Other websites
George Steiner at ContemporaryWriters.com.
George and his dragons. The Guardian, March 17, 2001.
A traveller in the realm of the mind. Interview with George Steiner, The Times, September 22, 1997.
Grammars of Creation. Full text of Steiner's 2001 lecture.
"Between Repulsion and Attraction: George Steiner's Post-Holocaust Fiction" . Jewish Social Studies, 1999.
"George Steiner's Jewish Problem". Azure: Ideas for the Jewish Nation.

1929 births
2020 deaths
Naturalized citizens of the United States
French philosophers
French novelists
French educators
French Jews
French essayists
American philosophers
American novelists
American literary critics
Educators from New York City
American essayists
Holocaust survivors
Jewish American writers
Writers from New York City
Writers from New Jersey
Educators from New Jersey
Naagin

Nagin may refer to:

Entertainment
 Nagin (1954 movie), a Bollywood movie
 Nagin (1976 film), a Bollywood movie
 Nagin (2010 movie) (also called Hisss), a Jennifer Lynch movie
 Naagin (TV series), a 2015 Indian television series on Colors TV
 Ikchhapyaari Naagin on Sab TV in 2016
 Naagin (Geo Kahani) on Geo Kahani in 2017

People with the surname
 Daniel Nagin (born 1948), American criminologist
 Ray Nagin (born 1956), mayor of New Orleans
Meadowbank Stadium

Meadowbank Stadium (Meadowbank Sports Centre) is a multi-purpose sports facility in Edinburgh, Scotland. It was originally built to host the 1970 Commonwealth Games. It also hosted the Games in 1986, the first venue to host the Games twice.

The stadium is the home ground of Scottish Football League team Meadowbank Thistle. The Meadowbank complex also hosts Leith Athletic, who play on the Meadowbank artificial pitch next to the main stadium. Meadowbank Stadium was also used for rugby union as the home venue of Edinburgh Rugby between 2002 and 2004.

As of 2017, the stadium is being redeveloped.

Stadiums in the United Kingdom
Buildings and structures in Scotland
Knight's tour

A knight's tour is a set of moves of a knight on a chessboard. The knight visits every square only once. If the knight ends on a square that is one knight's move from the beginning square (so that it could tour the board again immediately, following the same path), the tour is closed, otherwise it is open.

The knight's tour problem is the mathematical problem of finding a knight's tour. Making a program to find a knight's tour is a common problem given to computer science students. Variations of the knight's tour problem involve chessboards of different sizes than the usual , as well as irregular (non-rectangular) boards.

References

Chess
Puzzles
Derby railway station

Derby railway station, also known as Derby Midland, is a main line station serving the city of Derby in England. It is owned by Network Rail and managed by East Midlands Trains. The station is also used by CrossCountry services and one daily Northern service.

It lies  north of London St Pancras. It is situated to the south-east of Derby city centre, and is close to the west bank of the River Derwent.

Railway stations in England
Derby
Northern (train operating company)

Northern, was the trading name of Arriva Rail North. It was a train operating company in Northern England. It was a subsidiary of Arriva UK Trains. It operated the Northern franchise from 1 April 2016 to February 2020 and inherited trains from the previous operator Northern Rail.

Train operating companies
Rail transport in the United Kingdom
Great Central Railway

The Great Central Railway (GCR) of England was created in 1897 when the Manchester, Sheffield and Lincolnshire Railway changed its name. In 1899, the GCR opened its London Extension to a new terminus at Marylebone station.

On 1 January 1923, the company became part of the London and North Eastern Railway under the Railways Act 1921.

Rail transport in Great Britain
1897 establishments in the United Kingdom
London and South Western Railway

The London and South Western Railway (LSWR) was a railway company in England from 1838 to 1922.  It started as the London and Southampton Railway from Waterloo station to Southampton. 
Later, the network extended to Plymouth via Salisbury and Exeter. There were branches to Ilfracombe and Padstow. Beyond  Southampton there were branches to Bournemouth and Weymouth. The LSWR also had many routes connecting towns in Hampshire and Berkshire, including Portsmouth and Reading. 

In the grouping of railways in 1923 the LSWR joined with other railways to create the Southern Railway.

Rail transport in Great Britain
Epitaph

An epitaph is a short text honouring a deceased person. Strictly speaking, it is text that is carved on a tombstone or plaque. Usually it gives the person’s name and dates of birth and death. Some epitaphs say what the person did, and other things. Some people write their own epitaphs before they die.

Death customs
Writing
John Napier

John Napier (he also signed as Neper, and Nepair) 1550 – 4 April 1617)  was a Scottish landowner,  nicknamed "Marvellous Merchiston". He was a mathematician, physicist, and astronomer. He was the 8th Laird of Merchiston. His Latinized name was Ioannes Neper.

John Napier is best known as the discoverer of logarithms and Napier's constant.  He also invented the so-called "Napier's bones" and made common the use of the decimal point in arithmetic and mathematics.

References 

1550 births
1617 deaths
British mathematicians
London, Brighton and South Coast Railway

The London, Brighton and South Coast Railway (LBSCR was a railway company in England from 1846 to 1922. Its territory formed a rough triangle, with London at its apex, most of the coastline of Sussex as its base, and a large part of Surrey.  The LBSCR had the most direct routes from London to the south coast seaside resorts of Brighton, Eastbourne, Worthing, Littlehampton and Bognor Regis, and to the ports of Newhaven and Shoreham-by-Sea. It served the inland towns/cities of Chichester, Horsham, East Grinstead and Lewes, and jointly served Croydon, Tunbridge Wells, Dorking and Guildford. At the London end was a complicated suburban and outer-suburban network of lines emanating from London Bridge and Victoria, and shared interests in two cross-London lines.

The LBSCR was formed by a merger of five companies in 1846. On 1 January 1923, it became part of the Southern Railway under the  Railways Act 1921.

Rail transport in Great Britain
Shoreham-by-Sea

Shoreham-by-Sea (often shortened to Shoreham) is a seaside town and port in West Sussex, England. The town is bordered to its north by the South Downs, to its west by the Adur Valley and to its south by the River Adur and Shoreham Beach on the English Channel. The town lies in the middle of the ribbon of urban development along the English south coast. It is about half-way between  Brighton and Hove to the east and Worthing to the west. Shoreham covers an area of  and has a population of 20,547 (2011 census).

Famous people born in Shoreham-by-Sea 
Leo Sayer-English-born, Australian singer, famous for a number of hits mainly during the 1970s and early 1980s.
Towns in West Sussex
South Eastern Railway (UK)

The South Eastern Railway (SER) was a railway company in south-eastern England from 1836 to 1922. The company was formed to construct a route from London to Dover. Branch lines were later opened to Tunbridge Wells, Hastings, Canterbury and other places in Kent. The SER absorbed or leased other railways, including the London and Greenwich Railway and the Canterbury and Whitstable Railway. Most of the company's routes were in Kent, eastern Sussex and the London suburbs. There was also a long cross-country route from Redhill, Surrey to Reading, Berkshire.

Early history
Much of the company's early history saw attempts at expansion.  This sometimes led to feuds with its neighbours, the London, Brighton and South Coast Railway (LBSCR) in the west and the London, Chatham and Dover Railway (LCDR) to the north-east. However, in 1899 the SER agreed with the LCDR to share operation of the two railways and work them as a single system, marketed as the South Eastern and Chatham Railway. Receipts were pooled but it was not a full amalgamation. The SER and LCDR remained separate companies until they became constituents of the Southern Railway on 1 January 1923 under the Railways Act 1921.

Rail transport in Great Britain
William Oughtred

William Oughtred  5 March 1574 – 30 June 1660) was an English mathematician and Anglican clergyman. 

John Napier invented logarithms and Edmund Gunter created the logarithmic scales. Oughtred was the first to use two such scales. He slid one next to another to do direct multiplication and division. He is credited with inventing the slide rule in about 1622. 

He also introduced the "×" multiplication sign and the abbreviations "sin" and "cos" for the sine and cosine functions.

References 

1574 births
1660 deaths

British mathematicians
London, Chatham and Dover Railway

The London, Chatham and Dover Railway (LCDR) was a railway company in south-eastern England (registered 1 August 1859).  It was previously called the East Kent Railway. 

Its lines ran through London and northern and eastern Kent to form a part of the Greater London commuter network. The railway was always in a difficult financial situation. It went bankrupt in 1867 but was able to continue to operate. Many of the difficulties were caused by competition and duplication of services with the South Eastern Railway (SER). However, in 1898 the LCDR agreed with the SER to share the operation of the two railways and work them as a single system under the name South Eastern and Chatham Railway. Receipts were pooled but it was not a full amalgamation. 

The SER and LCDR remained separate companies until they became part of the Southern Railway on 1 January 1923  (Railways Act 1921).

Rail transport in Great Britain
South Eastern and Chatham Railway

The South Eastern and Chatham Railway (SECR), was a working union of two neighbouring railways, the South Eastern Railway (SER) and London, Chatham and Dover Railway (LCDR), which operated between London and south east England. Between 1899 and 1923, the SECR had a monopoly of railway services in Kent and to the main Channel ports for ferries to France and Belgium. In 1923, the SECR became a part of the Southern Railway under the Railways Act 1921.

Rail transport in Great Britain
Caledonian Railway

The Caledonian Railway (CR) was a major Scottish railway company. It was formed in the early 19th century to form a link between English railways and Glasgow. It steadily extended its network and reached Edinburgh and Aberdeen. It also had a dense network of branch lines in the area surrounding Glasgow. It was absorbed by the London, Midland and Scottish Railway in 1923 under the Railways Act 1921. Many of its main routes are still used. The original main line between Carlisle and Glasgow is now part of the West Coast Main Line. 

Rail transport in Great Britain
Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway

The Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway (L&YR) was a major British railway company before the 1923 Grouping. It was created in 1847 from an amalgamation of several existing railways. It was the third largest railway system based in Northern England. Only the Midland Railway and the North Eastern Railway were bigger.

It was the first mainline railway to introduce electrification of some of its lines. It also ran steamboat services across the Irish Sea and North Sea. It was a bigger shipowner than any other British railway company.

It amalgamated with the London and North Western Railway on 1 January 1922. One year later, the merged company became the largest constituent of the London, Midland and Scottish Railway under the Railways Act 1921.

Related pages
 LYR electric units

Rail transport in Great Britain
Aintree

Aintree  is a village and civil parish in the Metropolitan Borough of Sefton, Merseyside, England. It was historically in Lancashire. It lies between Walton and Maghull on the A59 road. It is about  north-east of Liverpool city centre, in North West England.

It is best known as the site of Aintree Racecourse, which since the 19th century has staged the Grand National horserace. During the 1950s and 1960s, there was also a three-mile-long international Grand Prix motor racing circuit on the site, which used the same grandstands as the horserace. A shorter form of the racing circuit is still used for various motorsport events.

Civil parishes in Merseyside
Stanley Anderson

Stanley Anderson (October 23, 1939 – June 24, 2018) was an American actor. He was born in Billings, Montana. He appeared in Deceived, RoboCop 3 and The Pelican Brief. He was known for starring as Drew Carey's father in The Drew Carey Show. He also starred in Seinfeld and in Spider-Man.

Anderson died on June 24, 2018 from brain cancer at the age of 78.

References

Other websites

1939 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from brain cancer
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
Actors from Montana
People from Billings, Montana
Josip Pirmajer

Josip Pirmajer (14 February 1944 – 24 June 2018) was a Slovenian footballer. He played for Yugoslavia and later became a manager. He was born in Trifail, Nazi Germany. He played for Novi Sad, Partizan and Vojvodina. 

Pirmajer died on 24 June 2018 in Srbobran, Serbia from a heart attack at the age of 74.

References

1944 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Slovenian footballers
Štefka Drolc

Štefka Drolc (22 December 1923 – 25 June 2018), full name Štefanija Ana Drolc, was a Slovenian actresses. She was born in Ponikva, Kingdom of Yugoslavia. Her career began in 1945. She debuted in the movie On Our Own Land. She also starred in Blossoms in Autumn (Cvetje v jeseni; 1973), The Story of Good People (Povest o dobrih ljudeh; 1975) and The Tenth Brother (Deseti brat; 1982).

Drolc died on 25 June 2018 from pneumonia at the age of 94.

References

Other websites
 

1923 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from pneumonia
Slovenian actors
Movie actors
Stage actors
Television actors
Steve Soto

Steve Soto  (August 23, 1963 – June 27, 2018) was an American punk guitarist. Soto was once part of California punk rock band Agent Orange, and started Adolescents in 1980 performing on bass guitar in both bands. He was born in California.

Soto died on June 27, 2018 at the age of 54.

References

1963 births
2018 deaths
American punk musicians
American guitarists
Musicians from California
Capital Gazette shooting

The Capital Gazette shooting is a mass shooting that happened at the offices of The Capital and the Maryland Gazette newspapers at 888 Bestgate Road in Annapolis, Maryland on June 28, 2018.

The Anne Arundel County Police Department reported that the shooting began around 2:34 PM. Five people are confirmed dead. A suspect was captured by police and is in custody.

Shooting occurred outside the newspaper building. 

Five people were killed and several others were injured in the attack. The five who were killed are Rob Hiaasen, an assistant editor and weekend columnist for The Capital and the brother of novelist Carl Hiaasen, community beat reporter Wendi Winters, columnist and editorial page editor Gerald Fischman, editor and sports reporter John McNamara, and sales assistant Rebecca Smith.

Maryland Governor Larry Hogan tweeted that he was "[a]bsolutely devastated to learn of this tragedy in Annapolis," and asking residents to "heed all warnings and stay away from the area". President Trump was briefed on the shooting while aboard Air Force One.

References

2018 crimes in the United States
2010s in Maryland
Deaths by firearm in the United States
June 2018 events
Roger Stone

Roger Jason Stone (born Roger Joseph Stone Jr.; August 27, 1952) is an American political consultant, lobbyist and strategist. He was born in Norwalk, Connecticut.

Stone is known for his use of opposition research, studying opposing candidates to find bad things about them. Usually he works for candidates of the Republican Party. Since the 1970s, Stone has worked on the campaigns of key Republican politicians such as Richard Nixon, Ronald Reagan, Jack Kemp, Bob Dole and Donald Trump.

Stone is the subject of a Netflix documentary movie, titled Get Me Roger Stone, which focused on his past and role in the 2016 presidential campaign of Donald Trump.

Stone officially left the Trump campaign on August 8, 2015; however, it has been reported that, as part of the ongoing investigation into Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections, two associates of Stone have claimed that he collaborated with WikiLeaks owner Julian Assange in the spring of 2016 to discredit Hillary Clinton's campaign.  Stone has denied this.

On January 25, 2019, Stone was arrested at his Fort Lauderdale, Florida, home in connection with Robert Mueller's special counsel investigation and charged in an indictment with witness tampering, obstructing an official proceeding, and five counts of making false statements. Stone pleaded not guilty and denied wrongdoing in press interviews.

References

Other websites
 
 

1952 births
Living people
American lobbyists
American political commentators
American political writers
Libertarians
People from Norwalk, Connecticut
Republicans (United States)
Writers from Connecticut
Writers from Florida
Writers from New York
Ormskirk

Ormskirk is a market town in west Lancashire, England. It is 13 miles (21 km) north of Liverpool, 11 miles (18 km) northwest of St Helens, 9 miles (14 km) southeast of Southport and 18 miles (29 km) southwest of Preston. The name is Old Norse in origin

Ormskirk is known for its gingerbread.

Towns in Lancashire