cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Sylvia Browne

Sylvia Celeste Shoemaker (known as Sylvia Browne; October 19, 1936 – November 20, 2013) was an American writer and a self-acclaimed psychic. Her predictions began around 1974. She appears on talk shows. She has had her own hour-long radio talk show. In March 2011, Sylvia had a heart attack while in the Hawaiian Islands. 

Browne has been the subject of frequent criticism for making psychic predictions that were later proven false. These have included several predictions related to missing persons, most notably Shawn Hornbeck and Amanda Berry.

She was born in Kansas City, Missouri. Browne was Jewish. Browne made many wrong predictions. She predicted that President Barack Obama would not be re-elected as President of the United States. (In September, she made a different prediction that Obama would be re-elected.) Obama won the presidential election in November with 51.06% of the national popular vote and 62% of the electoral college. 

In May 2003, she told Larry King in an interview that she would die at the age of 88. Browne died on November 20, 2013 in San Jose, California from heart failure with her husband and children by her side, aged 77.

References

Other websites

 Official website
 The Society of Novus Spiritus — Browne's church
 Sylvia Brown's Online Talk Show at HayHouseradio.com

American Jews
Cardiovascular disease deaths in the United States
Deaths from heart failure
Writers from Kansas City, Missouri
1936 births
2013 deaths
Martín Cárcamo

Martín Andrés Cárcamo Papic (born April 21, 1975 in Viña del Mar) is a Chilean television presenter and actor of Basque and Croat origin.

He debuted in television on the Chilean TV channel Rock & Pop where he was the host of Media Naranja and Noches de Verano. Later in 2004 he joined TVN, being the host of Pasiones, replacing Felipe Camiroaga. In 2008 he replaced Rafael Araneda in Rojo, Fama Contrafama. In 2009 was a judge of the Festival de Viña del Mar, and until recently he hosted Calle 7.

In October 2010, it was announced that he left TVN to join rival channel "Canal 13", where he will start working in January 2011, at the end of his current contract.

As a theatre actor, Cárcamo was part of Ellas Quieren y Él No Puede.

TV shows

Canal 2 Rock & Pop 
Media Naranja
Noches de Verano

Chilevisión 
Extra Jóvenes
Ya Siento que Vienen por mí
Amor a Ciegas
El Último Apaga la Luz
Panoramix
Primer Plano

Televisión Nacional de Chile 
Pasiones
Corre Video
Cada Loco con su Tema
El Último Pasajero
Rojo, el valor del talento
Calle 7

Canal 13 (Chile) 
 Bienvenidos
 Quiero Mi Fiesta
 El Último Pasajero
 Vértigo

References

Other websites 
 

1975 births
Chilean stage actors
Chilean television presenters
Living people
People from Viña del Mar
Francisca Imboden

Francisca María Imboden Fernández, (born July 31, 1972 in Viña del Mar) is a Chilean actress (movies, theater and television).

Francisca is the daughter of Juan Carlos Imboden and María Isabel Fernández. She and her sisters, Catalina and Ignacia, studied at College Français of Viña del Mar, an institution now known as Alliançe Française Jean D'Alambert. Today she is married to Chilean filmmaker Patricio Riesco. She has two daughters and a son.

Filmography

Other websites
 

1972 births
People from Viña del Mar
Living people
Chilean actors
Chilean movie actors
Chilean television actors
Chilean stage actors
Concerned Women for America

Concerned Women for America is a conservative Christian activist group in the United States. It is against abortion, sex education, contraception, feminism, pornography, stem cell research, and LGBT rights. CWA was founded by Beverly LaHaye, the wife of Christian minister Timothy LaHaye around 1979 as a response to activities from the National Organization for Women and a 1978 Barbara Walters interview with the feminist Betty Friedan. The president and CEO is Penny Young Nance.

Christian organizations based in the United States
Political organizations based in the United States
1979 establishments in the United States
Raúl Ruiz (director)

Raúl Ernesto Ruiz Pino (25 July 1941 – 19 August 2011) was an experimental Chilean movie maker, writer and teacher. His work is best known in France. He directed over 100 films.

References

Other websites

Time magazine obituary (2011) by Richard Corliss

1941 births
2011 deaths
People from Puerto Montt
Chilean movie directors
Creatine

Creatine is a combination of three non-essential amino acids. These are methionine, arginine and glycine. Creatine is used to produce adenosine triphosphate. The short word for Adenosine triphosphate is ATP. ATP is the energy of the human body. Creatine is already in the body as a natural substance and in some food (for example beef). The body changes creatine to phosphocreatine. It is then stored as energy in the muscles.  The energy systems of the body are: aerobic, lactate and phosphocreatine. Most of the creatine is used in the lactate system and the phosphocreatine system because these two systems need more energy the aerobic system. They also take a part of the energy from the production or the absorption of creatine.

Effects on the human body 
Creatine has two main effects: increase of muscles and increase the amount of protein synthesis. The increase comes from the water retention of cells that store creatine. For protein synthesis, it is not entirely known, but creatine can help with the recovery of muscle. During the time a body recovers from training, the creatine gives extra energy so the cells of the muscle can speed up the protein absorption of the cells.

The creatine is used by all the human body because it travels by the blood stream. The heart and the muscles are the main parts that use creatine cells. Most of the creatine production will be stored in the skeletal muscle because these muscles need a lot of energy and they need it quickly. The body produces about two grams of creatine per day. Only 90 to 95 percent of the human creatine production will travel in the blood stream. The five to ten percent that is not used is lost.

References

Biochemistry
LEED

Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) is a certification program for the design,  construction and operation of high performance green buildings since 2002. This mark of excellence is known across the world and there are four levels of excellence. There are 100 possible base points distributed across five major credit categories: Sustainable Sites, Water Efficiency, Energy and Atmosphere, Materials and Resources, Indoor Environmental Quality, plus an additional six points for Innovation in Design and an additional four points for Regional Priority. Buildings can qualify for four levels of certification.

LEED is not a standard but an evaluation grid.  LEED is a way to think up and realise art projects in a durable way. LEED only applies to buildings and not to products.  It is not a prize but a certification that is delivered by the CaGBC (Canada Green Building Consil). They are the ones who will make sure that all the points are well applied and respected.

So, LEED is a grid that helps us obtain a maximum gain of money, health conditions and restrictions on earth pollution.  If there is a house to build in Canada, we must do the excavation and that earth is usually brought to a landfill.  But, if you want to stay within LEED standards, that earth must be left on the site. Also, if you have to demolish a building, you must use and demonstrate that you recycled all materials in the construction. Also, that you used the maximum quantity of material possible from the old building to the one being built.

Certification

Certified: 40–49 points,
Silver: 50–59 points,
Gold: 60–79 points,
Platinum: 80 points and above

Benefits and disadvantages
There are several benefits but there are also disadvantages. The biggest disadvantage is the amount of money it takes to start a project. At first, it may seem expensive. If you look at it as a long term investment, though, a LEED project can save a good amount of money.

A 2008 white paper by the Leonardo Academy compared LEED-EB buildings to data from BOMA's Experience Exchange Report in 2007. This showed that LEED-EB certified buildings had better operating cost savings, in 63% of the buildings surveyed. It ranged from $4.94 to $15.59 per square foot of floor space, with an average valuation of $6.68 and a median valuation of $6.07.

References

Ecology
Sustainable development
Boardwalk Empire

Boardwalk Empire is an American television show. It was created by Terrence Winter, who also created The Sopranos. This television show is based on the novel Boardwalk Empire: The Birth, High Times and the Corruption in Atlantic City from Nelson Johnson. The show started on HBO on September 19, 2010. It has been running for three seasons, with a total of 36 episodes. A fourth season will start showing in the second half of 2013.  On September 26, 2013, HBO announced that they were renewing the show for a fifth and final season starting in 2014. The producer is Mark Walhberg, who also produced the show Entourage. The show is about one of the first boardwalks in Atlantic City and the rise to power of legendary notorious gangsters like Al Capone, Lucky Luciano and Nucky Johnson (called Nucky Thompson here).

The first episode was produced for US$18 million. Boardwalk Empire has been nominated for 30 Emmy Awards and has won 12 of them. It has also won the Golden Globe Award for best drama TV series. The series was in the top 30 to have ever played on national television. Some of the events of this show have a historical meaning like the Saint Valentine's Day Massacre. Most of the characters are based on real persons.

Story
The story takes place in Atlantic City, New Jersey, during the Prohibition Era in the 1920s. It is about the life of main character Nucky Thompson. Thompson was a political figure and controlled a big part of Atlantic City during the 1920s and 1930s. Nucky has one younger brother named Eli who is also the sheriff of the place. During the first episode, alcohol is declared illegal so Nucky goes to bootlegging. He sees profit and a big opportunity there. He deals with corrupt politicians and mobsters from Chicago like Johnny Torrio (Al Capone mentor) and Arnold Rothstein most known for being a big gambler and New York kingpin. He also took an apprentice, Jimmy Darmody a young hero of the First World War, because he sees the potential in him. Nucky will have to deal with Nelson Kasper Van Alden a prohibition agent who watches his every move.

References

Sources
 Profile  on HBO
 Official website
 Historia TV 

2010s American television series
2014 American television series endings
Emmy Award winning programs
Atlantic City, New Jersey
English-language television programs
Citroën C6

The Citroën C6 is a car produced by Citroën. It replaced the XM in 2005 which ended production in 2000. There was only a saloon model available and sales were slow throughout its production life and was discontinued in 2012. This car was used by former French presidents Jacques Chirac and Nicolas Sarkozy, and from 2012 by François Hollande. 

Front wheel drive vehicles
C6
2000s automobiles
2010s automobiles
Jeanne Cooper

Wilma Jeanne Cooper (or just Jeanne Cooper; October 25, 1928 - May 8, 2013) was an American actress. She was best known for her Emmy Award-winning role as Katherine Chancellor on CBS' soap opera The Young and the Restless. She was a long serving television actress. 

Cooper was born in Taft, California on October 25, 1928. She was raised in Bakersfield, California. Cooper was married to Harry Bernsen, Jr. from 1954 until they divorced in 1977. They had three children, including actor Corbin Bernsen. Cooper died on May 8, 2013 from complications from COPD in Los Angeles, California, aged 84.

References

Other websites
 
 Jeanne Cooper bio  on The Young and the Restless CBS website
 Jeanne Cooper Obituary

Actors from California
American movie actors
American television actors
Emmy Award winning actors
Deaths from COPD
1928 births
2013 deaths
AMX-10RC

The AMX-10RC is a modern reconnaissance battle tank. It was built for use in the French army, and has been exported to two countries.

Tanks
Military of France
Phill Lewis

Phill Lewis (born September 4, 1968) is an American actor, television director and comedian, often seen in comedic roles. He is best known for his role as Mr. Moseby on Disney Channel's The Suite Life of Zack & Cody and its spin-off, The Suite Life on Deck.

Lewis was born in Uganda to an African-American family. His father Delano Lewis, was an U.S. Ambassador to South Africa. In 1993, Lewis was driving under the influence when he struck another car and killed one victim. He was convicted of manslaughter and driving under the influence. He was sentenced to five years in prison.

References

Other websites
 

1968 births
Living people
African American actors
African American comedians
American movie actors
American people convicted of manslaughter
American television actors
American television directors
American voice actors
Actors from Los Angeles
Comedians from Los Angeles
Richard Wilson

Richard Wilson, OBE (born Iain Carmichael Wilson; 9 July 1936) is an Scottish actor, theatre director and broadcaster. He is best known for playing Victor Meldrew in the popular BBC sitcom One Foot in the Grave from 1990 until 2000. He also appeared in the BBC drama Merlin as Gaius, the court physician of Camelot.

Wilson was born on 9 July 1936 in Greenock, Renfrewshire, Scotland. He studied at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art. In March 2013, Wilson came out as gay.

References

Other websites

 
 The Official Richard Wilson Archive
 Exclusive Interview with Richard Wilson

1936 births
Living people
Gay men
LGBT actors
Scottish LGBT people
Scottish movie actors
Scottish stage actors
Scottish television actors
Scottish voice actors
Officers of the Order of the British Empire
Scottish theatre directors
Dallas Willard

Dallas Albert Willard (September 4, 1935 – May 8, 2013) was an American philosopher also known for his writings on Christian spiritual formation. His work in philosophy has been primarily in phenomenology, particularly the work of Edmund Husserl. He was Professor of Philosophy at The University of Southern California.

Willard was born on September 4, 1935 in Buffalo, Missouri. He studied at the William Jewell College, at the Tennessee Temple College, at Baylor University, and at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. Willard died on May 8, 2013, after a short battle with cancer in Pasadena, California, aged 77. His last words were "Thank you."

References

Other websites
Dallas Willard's website (including many articles online)

1935 births
2013 deaths
Deaths from cancer
American philosophers
American Christians
Writers from Missouri
Jason Statham

Jason Statham (born 26 July 1967) is an English Actor, Producer and former Model.

Statham is known for his roles in Lock, Stock and Two Smoking Barrels (1998),  Snatch (2000), The One (2001), The Transporter trilogy (2002–08), The Italian Job, (2003),  Death Race, Crank (2006), War (2007), The Bank Job (2008), The Expendables (2010), The Expendables 2 (2012), Expendables 3 (2014) and The Expendables 4 (2022). Many of these roles are as antihero in action movies. He does most of his own stunts.

Statham was born on 26 July 1967 in Shirebrook, Derbyshire, England. He was raised in Great Yarmouth, Norfolk. Statham has been partners with Kelly Brook from 1997 until they separated in 2004. He began dating model Rosie Huntington-Whiteley in April 2010 and they got engaged in 2016. He and Rosie welcomed a son named Jack in June 2017.

References

Other websites

 

1967 births
Living people
English movie actors
English television actors
English stage actors
English voice actors
English movie producers
Martial artists
Actors from Derbyshire
Actors from Norfolk
Cyclic compound

In chemistry, a cyclic compound is a molecule where some atoms are linked together forming a loop or ring. Most of the time, these molecules are organic. There are also many examples of inorganic molecule forming rings.

Cyclic compounds can be aromatic - in this case they are flat. Benzene is a simple aromatic cyclic compound. When they are not aromatic, rings tend not to be flat to avoid steric effects.

Cyclic compounds are very important. Many drugs are based on them, like aspirin. There are many reactions that can make or break cyclic compounds. One important class of these is pericyclic reactions.

Chemical bonding
Bryan Forbes

Bryan Forbes (John Theobold Clarke; 22 July 1926 – 8 May 2013) was a British actor, screenwriter, movie director and producer, and writer. He was known for directing the 1975 horror movie The Stepford Wives. He was nominated for an Academy Award.

Forbes was born on 22 July 1926 in Stratford, West Ham, Essex. He was raised in Forest Gate, West Ham. Forbes studied at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Arts. 

He was married to Constance Smith from 1951 until they divorced in 1954. He was married to Nanette Newman from 1955 until his death 2013. They had two daughters.

Forbes was diagnosed with multiple sclerosis in 1975. In 2012, Forbes said that he was misdiagnosed. Forbes died on 8 May 2013 in Virginia Water, Surrey, England from a long illness, aged 86.

References

Other websites
 
 BFI Screenonline article
 Britmovie article 
 Bryan Forbes at hollywood.com
 Bibliography of Forbes' fiction and non-fiction

1926 births
2013 deaths
Actors from Essex
Actors from London
British movie actors
British movie directors
British movie producers
British screenwriters
British stage actors
British television actors
Disease-related deaths in England
Writers from Essex
Writers from London
At the Movies (U.S. TV series)

At the Movies (originally Siskel & Ebert & the Movies, and later At the Movies with Ebert and Roeper) was a movie review television program. It was produced by Disney-ABC Domestic Television. In the program, two movie critics shared their opinions of newly released movies.

Its original hosts were Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times and Gene Siskel of the Chicago Tribune. Richard Roeper of the Sun-Times became Ebert's regular partner in 2000 after Siskel died in 1999. The series ran for 24 seasons in first run syndication from September 13, 1986 through August 14, 2010.

1986 American television series debuts
2010 American television series endings
1980s American television series
1990s American television series
2000s American television series
Entertainment in Chicago, Illinois
First run syndicated television programs
English-language television programs
Saul Bass

Saul Bass (May 8, 1920 – April 25, 1996) was an American graphic designer and Academy Award-winning filmmaker, best known for his design of motion picture title sequences, movie posters, and corporate logos. Bass designed some of the most iconic corporate logos in North America, including the AT&T "bell" logo in 1969, as well as AT&T's "globe" logo in 1983.

Bass was born on May 8, 1920 in New York City, New York. He studied at James Monroe High School and at Brooklyn College. Bass was married to Elaine Makatura from 1961 until his death in 1996. They had two children. Bass died on April 25, 1996 in his home in Los Angeles, California from an illness, aged 75.

References

Other websites

Titles Designed by Saul Bass (still sequences & commentary)
Saul Bass Title Sequences on Art of the Title
Title Sequences from Saul Bass (videos & commentary)

1920 births
1996 deaths
Academy Award winners
American artists
Disease-related deaths in the United States
Movie directors from New York City
Movie producers from New York City
Dominoes

Dominoes is a game played with small tiles called dominoes. A domino is a rectangular tile with a line in the middle that separates it into two sides. Each side has a number of black spots. The number of spots is different on each domino. Some dominoes have a  side that is blank. The games possible with these objects resemble card games.

Other websites
Games

Games
Ariel Castro kidnappings

The 2013 Cleveland, Ohio, missing trio were three young women from Cleveland, Ohio who had been missing for between nine and eleven years when they were found alive May 6, 2013. The three women, Amanda Berry, Georgina "Gina" DeJesus and Michelle Knight, were found inside a house that was owned by the person who was thought to have kidnapped them. The six-year-old daughter (whose father is just the criminal, Ariel Castro) of Amanda Berry also escaped from the area. Knight disappeared in August 2002 at age 21, Berry in April 2003 and DeJesus the next year. Ariel Castro (July 10, 1960 – September 3, 2013) was charged with seven counts, four for kidnapping and three for rape. He was convicted and sentenced to life imprisonment. He committed suicide in his prison cell on September 3, 2013.

2002 crimes
2003 crimes
2004 crimes
2002 in the United States
2004 in the United States
2000s crimes in the United States
2013 crimes in the United States
American children
21st century in Cleveland, Ohio
Crime in the United States
Kidnapped American people
Johnson Space Center

The Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center is in Houston Texas. Part of NASA, it employs over 3000 people. It trains astronauts.

Related pages 
 NASA

Other websites
NASA Johnson Center site

NASA
Buildings and structures in Houston, Texas
Buford, Georgia

Buford is a city in the U.S. state of Georgia.  Most of the city is in Gwinnett County. A small part of it is in Hall County. In the 2010 census, the city had a population of 12,225.

History
After the American Civil War a railroad was built that travelled from Atlanta, Georgia to Richmond, Virginia.  While the railroad was being built two railroad stockholders bought land around the railroad, and began building a town.  The town was named after the railroad company's president, Algernon Sidney Buford.  The railroad was completed in 1871, and Buford officially became a town on August 24, 1872.  The Town of Buford was renamed the City of Buford in 1896.

In the later part of the 1800s and the early part of the 1900s Buford became famous for making leather products, including saddles which were sold through the Sears mail order catalog.  Many famous actors during that time period used saddles made by the Bona Allen Company in Buford, including Gene Autry, the case of the television show Bonanza, and Roy Rogers' horse Trigger.

After the Great Depression ended the horses were not used for farming as much and tractors were used instead, which meant that there was less need for leather products, and the companies that made leather in Buford closed.

Geography
Buford is in north Georgia. It is in the northern part of Gwinnett county and in the southern part of Hall county. It is part of the Atlanta metropolitan area.

References

Cities in Georgia (U.S. state)
Gwinnett County, Georgia
The Red Badge of Courage

The Red Badge of Courage is a novel by Stephen Crane. It was published in 1895 by D. Appleton & Co. It tells of a young man's combat experiences during the American Civil War. It received mostly good reviews. It was made into a movie in 1951 starring WWII hero, Audie Murphy.

American novels
1895 books
Novels about the American Civil War
Works by Stephen Crane
American Family Association

The American Family Association (AFA in short) is a Christian fundamentalist group United States. They are against homosexuality, same-sex marriage and abortion. They also have positions on a number of other issues. The group is located in Tupelo, Mississippi. It was founded in 1977.

1977 establishments in the United States
Christian organizations based in the United States
Political organizations based in the United States
Mississippi
Homophobia
Obscenity controversies
Southern Poverty Law Center

The Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC) is a United States nonprofit civil rights organization. It has had legal victories against white supremacist groups. It fights civil rights violations and lawsuits about the separation of church and state.

The SPLC keeps a list of hate groups in the United States.  Hate groups persecute or attack entire groups of people because of those people's race, ethnicity, skin color, religion, or home country. 

The SPLC was established around 1971 in Montgomery, Alabama.

Non-profit organizations of the United States
1971 establishments in the United States
Montgomery, Alabama
Discrimination
Civil rights organizations
20th-century establishments in Alabama
Separation of church and state

Separation of church and state is a phrase that was used by Thomas Jefferson in a letter in 1802 to the Baptist Association in Danbury, Connecticut. The Supreme Court of the United States, in 1962, took the phrase in their decisions to make school prayers unconstitutional. This idea has been put into effect in a number of countries.

Other page 
Secular state
Secularism
Freedom of religion

Political systems
Activism
Lawrenceville, Georgia

Lawrenceville is a city in Gwinnett County, Georgia, in the United States.  It is the county seat of Gwinnett County and is the second oldest city in the Atlanta metropolitan area.  According to the 2010 census, 28,546 people lived there.

References

Gwinnett County, Georgia
Cities in Georgia (U.S. state)
County seats in Georgia
Aimee Teegarden

Aimee Richelle Teegarden (born October 10, 1989) is an American actress and model. She played Jenny Randall in the 2011 movie Scream 4. She modeled for campaigns including Old Navy, Tommy Hilfiger and Hollister. She was born in Downey, California.

Actors from Los Angeles County, California
American movie actors
1989 births
Living people
People from Downey, California
Edward Mooney House

The Edward Mooney House is at 18 Bowery at the corner of Pell Street in the borough of Manhattan in New York City. It is in an area which is today known as Chinatown. The house was built between 1785 and 1789 by rich butcher Edward Mooney on land that was originally part of the Doyer bouwerie (farm) and afterwards belonged to the British Loyalist James Delancey. The land was confiscated by the new American Government after the American Revolution and sold at auction. Mooney would live in the house untul his death in 1800.

The house was built of brick in the Early Federal style. It has three stories plus an attic and full basement. The home was built close to the slaughterhouses, holding pens and tanneries just east of the freshwater Collect Pond.

In 1807, the size of the house was doubled by an addition to the rear. The house would be used as a private residence until the 1820s. Later, it has been a hotel, brothel and Barney Flynn's saloon.

The house was designated a New York City landmark in 1966 and was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1976. The Edward Mooney House was sold in January 2013 for $5.4 million dollars.

References

Buildings and structures in Manhattan
National Register of Historic Places
Houses in the United States
1780s establishments in the United States
18th-century establishments in New York (state)
Color depth

In Computer graphics, the term color depth is used to specify the amount of color used. Usually it is measured in bits per pixel. One bit can represent two different values. It is known as monochrome or black and white. 16 bit color depth is known as "high color", 24
bits per pixel are known as truecolor. There are also systems with color depths of 30, 36, or 48 bits per pixel. The RGB color model uses 8 bits per pixel, for a total of 24 bits. There may be an extra Alpha channel, with another 8 bits (so a total of 32 bits). Phase Alternating Line, a standard for televisions uses 32 bits per pixel, with a YUV color space.

Gallery

Computer graphics
Underground hip hop

Underground hip hop is a form of hip hop music that is peformed by independent musicians who are signed to an independent record label or no label at all. The genre is known as being positive, socially conscious, or anti-commerical.

References

Hip hop genres
Rap rock

Rap rock (also called Rockrap or Rock hip hop) is a genre of music that combines the vocals and compositions of hip hop with various forms of rock. Rap rock has gained popularity with its sub-genres rap metal and rapcore. Some of the most famous rap rock bands and musicans include Linkin Park, Hollywood Undead, P.O.D., Vanilla Ice, Kid Rock, Eminem, Deuce, Bizzy Bone and  Roscoe Dash. Some artists have done more rapping rather than singing. It began during the 1980s and it is still a popular genre today. Lil Wayne released a rap rock album in 2010.

Fusion music genres
Hip hop genres
Rock music
Hardcore hip hop

Hardcore hip hop (or Hardcore rap) is a form of hip hop that originated in the East Coast hip hop scene. It is known for being aggressive with noisy instruments. The most common things that hardcore artists talk about include sex, nudity, partying, drugs, profanity, police brutality, racism, personal conflicts, consciousness, social issues and the harsh surroundings of the rapper's environment. Types of music inspired by hardcore hip hop include gangsta rap (a type of rap about urban crime and the violent lifestyles of young people in cities), horrorcore (hip hop with horror-themed lyrics and images) and most recently trap (a form of southern hip hop).

Notable Artists
 2pac
 The Notorious B.I.G.
 DMX
 Ice Cube
 Earl Sweatshirt
 Waka Flocka Flame
 Joél Filsaime
 Young Buck
 Young Jeezy
 Fat Joe
 Hopsin
 Eazy-E
 N.W.A.
 50 Cent
 Jay-Z
 Jadakiss
 Eminem
 Insane Clown Poose
 SPM

Hip hop genres
ESTCube-1

ESTCube-1 is the first satellite from Estonia. It was made as part of the Estonian Student Satellite Program, and was launched on 7 May 2013 on a Vega rocket. The satellite is a project in which university and high-school students took part. The CubeSat standard for nanosatellites was followed while it was built, resulting in a 10x10x11.35 cm cube, with a volume of 1 liter and a mass of 1.048 kg.

ESTCube-1 was put into orbit by Arianespace, using a Vega rocket which took off from ELA-1 at Kourou at 02:06:31 UTC on 7 May 2013 at a height of 670 kilometres.

References

Satellites
Estonia
Hop (networking)

Computer networks route data packets between a source and a destination. In most cases, the source of a packet is not directly attached to the destination, the packet needs to travel through other stations in between the two. Each time a packet travels through a router, or a gateway it takes one hop. To prevent network congestion, the maximum number of hops a packet can take is limited. With IPv4, this count is known as time to live, with IPv6 it is called hop count. Each time the packet takes one hop, the count is decremented. When it reaches zero, the packet is discarded if it has not reached its destination.

Computer networking
Sociolect

Sociolect is a form of language spoken by a particular class, ethnic group, or age group in society.

Other websites
Social dialect at grammar.about.com

Linguistics
Mark Rothko

Mark Rothko (September 25, 1903 – February 25, 1970) was a Latvian-American modern artist. He was born in a part of the Russian Empire that is now in Latvia, but lived in America for most of his life. He was Jewish. He committed suicide in New York City, at the age of 66, by taking an overdose of anti-depressants and slashing his arms with a razor.

His most famous work is known as abstract expressionism or color field painting. In 2012, one of his works sold for $86.9 million.

Rothko's work 
Rothko's work matured into rectangular fields of color and light. However, between the  early period, and the later fields of color, was a long period of transition, marked by two important events in Rothko's life: the onset of World War II and his reading of Friedrich Nietzsche. 

From October 1948, after the death of his mother, Rothko started using symmetrical rectangular blocks of two to three opposing or contrasting, yet complementary, colors. Also, for the next seven years, Rothko painted in oil only on large canvases with vertical formats. Very large-scale designs were used to overwhelm the viewer, or to make the viewer feel "enveloped within" the painting. For some critics, the large size was an attempt to make up for a lack of substance. In retaliation, Rothko stated:

"I realize that historically the function of painting large pictures is painting something very grandiose and pompous. The reason I paint them, however . . . is precisely because I want to be very intimate and human. To paint a small picture is to place yourself outside your experience, to look upon an experience as a stereopticon view or with a reducing glass. However you paint the larger picture, you are in it. It isn’t something you command".

He even suggested that viewers position themselves as little as eighteen inches away from the canvas so that they might experience a sense of intimacy, as well as awe, a transcendence of the individual, and a sense of the unknown.

References

Other websites 
National Gallery of Art

1903 births
1970 deaths
Artists who committed suicide
American artists
Drug-related suicides in the United States
Latvian artists
Suicides by blade weapons
WINS (AM)

WINS is a radio station in New York City, New York. It first started in 1924. It is an all-news station, using that format since 1965. It is the oldest all-news station in the United States. It is known on-air as Ten-Ten Wins. It is owned by CBS Radio.

When the station first started, it played rock and roll music. It switched to the all-news format on April 19, 1965, going with that format around the clock. Since then, the format has not seen a lot of changes, and it has been a very successful format.

WINS is known for its teletype sound effect that plays in the background and its slogans "All News, All the Time," "The Newswatch Never Stops," "Listen 2, 3, 4 times a day," and "You give us 22 minutes, we'll give you the world." The latter slogan refers to how a segment plays every 20 minutes. While other stations have stopped using the teletype sound effect, WINS has kept it.

References

Other websites

WINS website
WINS - Historical profile

Radio stations in the United States
New York City
1924 establishments in the United States
1920s establishments in New York (state)
Joe Astroth

Joseph Henry Astroth (September 1, 1922 – May 3, 2013) was an American professional baseball player. He was a catcher for the Philadelphia/Kansas City Athletics (1945–46 and 1949–56).

Astroth was born on September 1, 1922 in East Alton, Illinois. He studied at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Astroth was married to Marjorie Astroth from 1947 until his death in 2013. They had four children. Astroth died on May 3, 2013 in Boca Raton, Florida at the age of 90 from natural causes.

References

1920 births
2013 deaths
Deaths from natural causes
American baseball players
Sportspeople from Illinois
Mario Machado

Mario Machado  (Mario Jose de Souza Machado; April 22, 1935 – May 4, 2013) was an eight-time Emmy Award-winning television and radio broadcaster. He made television history when, in 1970, he became the first Chinese-American on-air television news reporter and anchor in Los Angeles and perhaps in the nation.

He was also an actor starring in many movies such as Brian's Song (1971), Oh, God! (1977), The Concorde ... Airport '79 (1979), Rocky III (1982), Scarface (1983), and St. Elmo's Fire (1985).

Machado was born on April 22, 1935 in Shanghai. He was married to Marie Christine D’Almada Remedios until his death in 2013. Machado died on May 4, 2013 from complication of pneumonia in his home in West Hills, California, aged 78.

References

1935 births
2013 deaths
Deaths from pneumonia
American television presenters
American movie actors
People from Shanghai
Emmy Award winners
Bruce P. Crandall

Bruce Perry Crandall (born February 17, 1933) is a retired U.S. Army officer who was born in Crandall in Olympia, Washington. He received the Medal of Honor for his actions during the Battle of Ia Drang. 

During the battle he flew 22 missions in an unarmed helicopter into enemy fire to bring ammunition and supplies and evacuate the wounded. By the end of the Vietnam War, he had flown over 900 combat missions.

He studied at the University of Washington. After retiring from the Army he worked several jobs in different states before settling down with his wife in his home state of Washington. Crandall was married to Arlene Louise from 1956 until her death in 2010.

References

Other websites

Medal of Honor Recipients on Film

1933 births
Living people
American military personnel of the Vietnam War
People from Olympia, Washington
United States Army Medal of Honor recipients
J. R. Ewing

John Ross "J.R." Ewing, Jr. is a fictional character in the hit U.S. television series Dallas (1978–1991) and its spin-offs, including the revived Dallas series (2012–2013). The character was portrayed by actor Larry Hagman from the series premiere in 1978 until his death in late 2012.

One of the show's most iconic figures, J.R. has been central to many of the series' biggest storylines. He is shown as a villainous selfish oil baron with psychopathic tendencies, who is constantly plotting subterfuges to plunder his foes and their wealth. Hagman was the only actor to appear in all 357 episodes of the series.

Hagman died on November 23, 2012, and Dallas producers subsequently announced that J.R. would be killed off in the second season. The episode "The Furious And Fast" dealt with J.R's death. Ewing was on the phone with his son saying he had one last plan to get back at another richman. Ewing's son heard gunshots which would eventually kill J.R.

Ewing is considered one of television's most popular characters, with TV Guide naming him #1 in their 2013 list of The 60 Nastiest Villains of All Time.

References

Fictional American people
Television characters
Train ferry

A train ferry is a ferry which was designed to carry railway vehicles. Train ferries are used where it is not possible or practical to build a bridge. Some train ferries were built to also carry cars or passengers, in addition to trains.

Gallery

Ship types
Rail transport
Container ship

A Container ship is a cargo ship that is used to carry standard Intermodal containers. They are common. Most cargo ships that do not carry bulk goods are container ships. The containers come in different sizes. In general, the load they can carry is measured in Twenty-foot equivalent units (abbreviated TEU). A twenty-foot container is 1 TEU, a forty-foot container is 2 TEU.

Ship types
Ben-Hur (1959 movie)

Ben-Hur is an epic movie of the sword and sandal genre released in 1959. It was directed by William Wyler. It stars Charlton Heston as Ben-Hur and Stephen Boyd as Messala. It is set in Ancient Rome and Ancient Judea. It tells of two men - one a Jewish prince and the other a Roman tribune - whose friendship turns to bitter hatred. The climax of the movie is a 9-minute chariot race and the crucifixion of Jesus. The movie won 11 Academy Awards, including Best Picture. The movie is based on the 1880 novel, Ben-Hur: A Tale of the Christ by Lew Wallace. A silent movie on the same subject was made in 1925.

Cast
Charlton Heston as Judah Ben-Hur
Jack Hawkins as Quintus Arrius
Haya Harareet as Esther
Stephen Boyd as Messala
Hugh Griffith as Sheik Ilderim
Finlay Currie as Balthasar and the narrator
Frank Thring as Pontius Pilate
José Greci as the Virgin Mary

Story
The story is about Judah Ben-Hur, a Jewish prince and merchant in Jerusalem at the beginning of the 1st century. Judah's childhood friend Messala returns home as an ambitious commanding officer of the Roman legions. The two men realize that they have changed and hold very different views. During a military parade, a tile falls from the roof of Judah's house. It barely misses the Roman governor. Although Messala knows that they are not guilty, he condemns the Ben-Hur family. Without trial, Judah is sent to the Roman galleys for life; his mother and sister are imprisoned and all the family property is confiscated.

Through good fortune, Judah survives and returns to Jerusalem, where he seeks revenge against his one-time friend and redemption for his family. Running in parallel with Ben-Hur's narrative is the unfolding story of Jesus, who comes from the same region and is a similar age.  The two reflect themes of betrayal, conviction and redemption. With the Crucifixion, Ben-Hur recognizes that the Christ stands for a different goal than revenge, and he becomes Christian, turning to supporting the new religion with money which he has inherited, inspired by love and the talk of keys to a greater kingdom than any on earth.

References

Notes

1950s epic movies
Movies based on books
Movies set in Ancient Rome
1959 movies
Peplum movies
MGM movies
American epic movies
Movies directed by William Wyler
Yamna Lobos Astorga

Yamna Carolina Lobos Astorga (born August 26, 1983 in Santiago, Chile) is a Chilean dancer and television presenter.

Filmography

Television

Sources 
 

1983 births
People from Santiago
Living people
Dancers
Chilean television presenters
Tupolev Tu-124

The Tupolev Tu-124 (NATO code-named Cookpot) is a twin-turbojets airliner built in USSR between 1960 and 1965. It was one of the first civil jet aircraft in the world. It could accommodate between fifty and sixty passengers.
165 examples were built at least.

Soviet & Russian aircraft
Civil aircraft
Tupolev aircraft
Tupolev Tu-144

The Tupolev Tu-144 was the first airliner that flew faster than the speed of sound. Built in USSR by Tupolev it is similar to the Concorde. Tupolev Tu-144 flown only for Aeroflot the national soviet airline. Sixteen examples only were built. Maiden flight was on December 31, 1968.

Soviet & Russian aircraft
Civil aircraft
Tupolev aircraft
Natascha Kampusch

Natascha Maria Kampusch (born 17 February 1988 in Vienna) is an Austrian woman who was kidnapped on 2 March 1998. She was held in a secret cellar by her kidnapper for over eight years until she escaped on 23 August 2006. Media attention then led to Natascha giving certain interviews and writing an autobiography. Her abductor later killed himself when he jumped in front of a suburban train in Vienna; he had apparently planned the killing of himself rather than be caught by police, and had told Kampusch he would not be arrested alive.

1988 births
Living people
Autobiographers
Children victims of violence
Kidnapped people
Writers from Vienna
Quattrocento

Quattrocento is the Italian term that means "four hundred" for the years belonging to the fifteenth century. It was one of the most important periods of European art and culture. It started in Italy and it is the first phase of the movement known as Renaissance.

Characteristics

The Quattrocento (1401-1500) began in Florence, promoted by the Medici family.  At this time the figure of the artist and creator was imposed at the expense of anonymity. Man was considered the most perfect work of God, in the early renaissance artists.

In this century art painting techniques evolve, getting the "perspective", and in sculpture comes an improvement based on the imitation of classical Greek and Roman art.  Even in architecture there was a return to the lines of Roman monuments.

Lorenzo de' Medici encouraged a lot of his countrymen to commission works from Florence's leading artists, including Leonardo da Vinci, Sandro Botticelli, and Michelangelo Buonarroti.

The best artists (after the genius of Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo Buonarroti, who worked mainly during the Cinquecento) of this period are:
[[File:Sandro Botticelli - La nascita di Venere - Google Art Project - edited.jpg|thumb|The Birth of Venus''' by Sandro Botticelli]]
Sculpture: the sculptors were interested in representing the human body, such as Donatello and Ghiberti.
Painting: paintings applied in perspective, representing the depth, as Masaccio, Fra Angelico, Sandro Botticelli, Piero della Francesca, Paolo Uccello, Filippo Lippi and Andrea Mantegna. In 1470, Botticelli paints the famous Birth of Venus, in Florence.
Architecture: architects sought introducing space domain and provided simple elements such as Filippo Brunelleschi and Leon Battista Alberti.

In Literature the Quattrocento is famous mainly because of Niccolò Machiavelli and Ludovico Ariosto. Indeed, the fundamental characteristic of this literary epoch is that it perfected itself in every kind of art, in particular uniting the essentially Italian character of its language with classicism of style. This period lasted until about a few years after 1494 when Charles VIII of France descended into Italy, marking the beginning of Italy's foreign domination and political decadence.

The famous literary men of the Quattrocento had been educated in the culture created in the preceding century.  Niccolò Machiavelli was born in 1469, Michelangelo Buonarroti and Ludovico Ariosto in 1474, Jacopo Nardi in 1476, Gian Giorgio Trissino in 1478, Francesco Guicciardini in 1482, Pietro Pomponazzi in 1462, Marcello Adriani Virgilio in 1464 and Baldassare Castiglione in 1468.

The Renaissance music of Quattrocento was centered around Bartolomeo da Bologna. Indeed, after the "Burgundian School" came to an end, Italy became the leading exponent of Renaissance music and continued its innovation with the Venetian and (somewhat more conservative) Roman Schools of composition.

Notes

Bibliography
 Pullan, Brian S. History of Early Renaissance Italy. London: Lane, 1973.
 Zuffi, Stefano. Il Quattrocento''. Electa editrice. Milano, 2004.

Related pages
 Duecento
 Trecento
 Cinquecento

Renaissance
History of Italy
Max Baucus

Max Sieben Baucus (born December 11, 1941) is an American politician. He was the United States Ambassador to China from 2014 through 2017. He served as a United States Senator from Montana from December 15, 1978 until February 6, 2014. On that date, he was made Ambassador. He is a member of the Democratic Party. He was Montana's longest-serving U.S. senator.

Personal life 
Baucus was born on December 11, 1941 in Helena, Montana. He studied at Stanford University. Baucus was married to Ann Geracimos from 1982 until they divorced in the same year. Then he was married to Wanda Minge from 1984 until they divorced in 2009. He has been married to Melodee Hanes since 2011. He has one son, Zeno, with Geracimos.

Ambassador nomination 
Baucus announced on April 23, 2013 that he would retire from the U.S. Senate at the end of his term. His term was set to end in 2015. However, he was made United States Ambassador to China by Barack Obama in 2013. He resigned on February 6, 2014, before finishing his final term as senator. Baucus was succeeded by John Walsh, the former Lieutenant Governor of Montana.

References

Other websites 

 Profile  at SourceWatch

1941 births
Living people
Ambassadors of the United States to China
American Protestants
People from Helena, Montana
Stanford University alumni
United States representatives from Montana
United States senators from Montana
US Democratic Party politicians
John Cornyn

John Cornyn III (born February 2, 1952) is the senior United States Senator for Texas, serving since 2002. He is a member of the Republican Party. He is the current Senate Majority Whip for the 115th Congress. Cornyn was Chairman of the National Republican Senatorial Committee from 2007-2011.

Cornyn was born in Houston, Texas on February 2, 1952. His family moved to Tokyo, Japan. He studied at Trinity University and St. Mary's University School of Law. He received his LL.M. from the University of Virginia School of Law. Cornyn and his wife Sandy have two daughters.

References

Other websites

 Senator John Cornyn official U.S. Senate site
 John Cornyn for U.S. Senate official campaign site
 Cornyn Profile at SourceWatch

1952 births
Living people
United States senators from Texas
Politicians from Houston, Texas
US Republican Party politicians
Saxby Chambliss

Clarence Saxby Chambliss (born November 10, 1943) is a former American politician. He served as a United States Senator of Georgia from 2003 to 2015. A member of the Republican Party, he previously served as a U.S. Representative (1995–2003).

On January 25, 2013, Chambliss announced that he would not be running for a third term.

Chambliss was born on November 10, 1943 in Warrenton, North Carolina. He studied at Louisiana Tech University, at the University of Georgia, and at the University of Tennessee. Chambliss has been married to Julianne Chambliss since 1968. They had two children.

References

Other websites

Profile  at SourceWatch

1943 births
Living people
United States senators from Georgia
United States representatives from Georgia
Politicians from North Carolina
US Republican Party politicians