cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Livorno

Livorno is a port city on the Ligurian Sea on the western coast of Tuscany, Italy.

History 
Today, Livorno is known for the fortified town walls and for the small streets. Many foreigners moved to Livorno such as Jews, Armenians, Greeks, Dutch, and English. Some Moriscos (Muslim Spaniards forced to turn Catholic), much later, also moved to Livorno (from Spain and during the 18th century).

Main monuments 

Bridges, houses and streets, mostly from the neo-classical era are in the district of Livorno.

Examples 
The "Monumento dei quattro mori" ("Monument of the Four Turks"), dedicated to Grand Duke Ferdinando I de' Medici of Tuscany, is one of the most important monuments of Livorno.

Another important monument is the old fortress which has 3 bastions called “Capitana”, “Ampolletta” and “Canaviglia”. It was made before the Renaissance.

Culture 
Politically, Livorno is one of the most left-leaning cities of Italy. The Communist Party of Italy was founded in Livorno on 21 January 1921.

Economy 
Tuaca liqueur is produced in Livorno. The city also has a petrochemical industry.

Sport 
Livorno has a football team in Serie A, A.S. Livorno Calcio.

Languages 
Livorno inhabitants speak a Tuscan dialect of Italian, called vernacolo.

Climate 
Livorno has a hot-summer Mediterranean climate (Csa in the Koeppen climate classification).

Sister cities 
  Bat Yam (Israel)
  Guadalajara (Spain)
  Haiphong (Vietnam)
  Novorossiysk (Russia)
  Oakland (United States of America)

Important people from Livorno 
 Mario Ancona (1860-1931), opera composer
 Leonetto Cappiello (1875-1942), painter
 Giorgio Caproni (1912-1990), poet
 Carlo Azeglio Ciampi (born 1920), former President of the Republic of Italy
 Piero Ciampi (1934-1980), musician
 Giovanni Fattori (1825-1908), painter
 Voltolino Fontani (1920-1976), painter
 Francesco Domenico Guerrazzi (1804-1873), writer and politician
 Cristiano Lucarelli (born 1975), football player
 Pietro Mascagni (1863-1945), opera composer
 Matteo Mazzantini (born 1976), rugby player
 Amedeo Modigliani (1884-1920), painter and sculptor
 Aldo Montano (born 1978), fencer, Olympic gold medalist
 Alfredo Muller (1869-1940), artist
 Armando Picchi (1935-1971), football player and manager
 Dario Resta (1884-1924), Racecar driver, Indy 500 winner
 Angiolo Tommasi (1858-1923), artist
 Alberto Fremura (born 1936), artist
 Francis Levett English merchant

Other websites 

 Municipal website 
 ItalianVisits.com 
 Photographic map of Livorno 

 
Capital cities in Italy
Police, Poland

Police is a town in Poland in West Pomeranian Voivodeship. As of 2007, 34,220 people live there.  The town is located on the river Oder, near the border with Germany. It is one of the largest sea ports in Poland. Police borders with Szczecin. In the Police area, there is another town called Nowe Warpno. 

Cities in Poland
Nowe Warpno

Nowe Warpno is a town in Poland in West Pomeranian Voivodeship. As of 2004, 1,214 people live there. The town is located on the Szczecin Lagoon, at the border with Germany. In the area of Nowe Warpno there are Police, Poland, Świnoujście, Szczecin, Eggesin and Ueckermünde.

Towns in Poland
Thomas de Maizière

Karl Ernst Thomas de Maizière (born 21 January 1954 in Bonn) was the Minister for Special Affairs in the German government and Head of the Federal Chancellery. On 3 March 2011, because of Karl-Theodor zu Guttenberg's resignation, de Maizière became Federal Minister for Defence.

His father was Ulrich de Maizière, who was Inspector General of the Bundeswehr. The senior officer in all German Armed Forces. In the UK, he would be Chief of the Defence Staff and in the US, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff.

Karl's cousin Lothar de Maizière was the only democratically elected Prime Minister of the German Democratic Republic.

References

1954 births
Living people
German academics
Government ministers of Germany
Members of the German Bundestag
People from Bonn
Politicians from North Rhine-Westphalia
Politicians of the Christian Democratic Union of Germany
Szczecin Lagoon

The Szczecin Lagoon (Polish name) or Stettin Lagoon (German name) or Lagoon of the Oder River is an inland water basin found in the southwestern part of the Baltic Sea. It is shared by Germany and Poland. These are the towns that can be found at the Szczecin Lagoon: Świnoujście, Ueckermünde, Wolin (town) and Nowe Warpno.

Towns, ports and beaches of Szczecin Lagoon

Poland 
 Towns:
 Nowe Warpno
 Świnoujście
 Wolin
 Trzebież
 Brzózki
 Kopice
 Czarnocin
 Skoszewo
 Płocin
 Sułomino
 Popielewo
 Ports:
 Trzebież
 Stepnica
 Nowe Warpno
 Wolin
 Beaches:
 Trzebież
 Popielewo
 Nowe Warpno
 Stepnica

Germany 
 Towns:
 Ueckermünde
 Usedom
 Altwarp
 Vogelsang-Warsin
 Garz (Uznam)
 Kamminke

Other websites

Geography of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
Geography of Poland
Lagoons
Othmarsingen

Othmarsingen is a municipality in Lenzburg in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.

References 

Municipalities of Aargau
Reinach, Aargau

Reinach is a municipality in Kulm in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.

References 

Municipalities of Aargau
Reitnau

Reitnau is a municipality of the district of Zofingen in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland. On 1 January 2019 the former municipality of Attelwil merged into the municipality of Reitnau.

References

Other websites 

 Official website 

Municipalities of Aargau
Lava dome

In volcanology, a lava dome or plug dome is a round-shaped mound created by the eruption of viscous lava by a volcano.

Lava domes are formed when erupting lava is too thick to flow and makes a steep-sided mound as the lava piles up near the volcanic vent. Lava domes have formed in Mount St. Helens and experts say a lava dome is growing inside the Shinmoedake volcano in Japan.

Volcanology
Rekingen

Rekingen is a municipality of the district of Zurzach in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.

Municipalities of Aargau
Volcanic eruption

A volcanic eruption occurs when hot materials from the Earth's interior  are thrown out of a volcano. Lava, rocks, dust,  and gas compounds are some of these "ejecta".

Eruptions can come from side branches or from the top of the volcano. Some eruptions are terrible explosions that throw out huge amounts of rock and volcanic ash and can kill many people. Some are quiet outflows of hot lava. Several more complex types of volcanic eruptions have been described by volcanologists. These are often named after famous volcanoes where that type of eruption has been seen. Some volcanoes may show only one type of eruption during a period of activity, while others may show a range of types in a series.

Volcanic Explosivity Index 
The Volcanic Explosivity Index (commonly shortened VEI) is a scale, from 0 to 8, for measuring the strength of eruptions. It is used by the Smithsonian Institution's Global Volcanism Program to assess historic and prehistoric lava flows. It works in a way similar to the Richter scale for earthquakes: each interval in value is a tenfold increase in magnitude (it is logarithmic). Most volcanic eruptions are of VEIs between 0 and 2.

Volcanic eruptions by VEI index

Related pages 
 Volcanism
 Volcano  

Volcanology
Remetschwil

Remetschwil is a municipality of the district of Baden in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.

References 

Municipalities of Aargau
Remigen

Remigen is a municipality of the district of Brugg in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.

Municipalities of Aargau
Gifford Pinchot National Forest

The Gifford Pinchot National Forest is a United States National Forest in Washington, USA. It has  of land. The forest includes the Mount St. Helens National Volcanic Monument, which takes up  of the property.

Forests
IUCN Category VI
Geography of Washington (U.S. state)
Rietheim, Switzerland

Rietheim is also the name of a number of places in Germany

Rietheim is a municipality of the district of Zurzach in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.

Municipalities of Aargau
Cascade Range

The Cascade Range is a mountain range in western North America. It goes from Northern California, through Oregon and Washington, and ends in British Columbia, Canada. The range includes the Western Cascades in northern California and the North and Canadian Cascades in Washington State and Canada. 

 in the Pacific Ocean Ring of Fire, the ring of volcanoes and associated mountains around the Pacific Ocean. Volcanos in the range include Mount St. Helens, Mount Rainier, and Mount Shasta. The Cascades are part of the "American Cordillera", the almost continuous spine of mountains which runs right down the western side of the Americas.

The highest mountain in the cascades is Mount Rainier at 14,411 feet or 4,392 metres.

Geology 

The Cascade range was formed by thousands of small, short-lived volcanoes that built a platform of lava and volcanic debris. Rising above this volcanic platform are a few strikingly large volcanoes, like Mount St. Helens, that dominate the landscape.

The fundamental reason for all these mountains on the western side of the Americas is the steady movement of the great landmasses away from Eurasia and Africa. The process of continental drift is fuelled by the production of sea-floor material at the mid-Atlantic trench. The landmasses of the Americas have buckled the edges of the Pacific plates, resulting in the continual volcanic build-up of mountains on the western side of the continents. The Cascade Volcanic Arc made its first appearance 36 million years ago. The major volcanic peaks today were born in the last 1.6 million years. More than 3,000 vents erupted during the most recent volcanic episode that began 5 million years ago. As long as subduction continues, new Cascade volcanoes will continue to rise.

As the oceanic slab sinks deep into the Earth's interior beneath the continental plate, high temperatures and pressures allow water molecules locked in the minerals of solid rock to escape. The water vapor rises into the pliable mantle above the subducting plate, causing some of the mantle to melt. This newly formed magma rises toward the Earth's surface to erupt, forming a chain of volcanoes.

References

Other websites

Mountains of Canada
Geography of Washington (U.S. state)
Geography of Oregon
Mountains of California
Mountains of the United States
Volcanoes of North America
Riniken

Riniken is a municipality of the district of Brugg in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.

Municipalities of Aargau
Rohr

Rohr could mean any of the following:

Places

Austria
Rohr im Gebirge, in Lower Austria
Rohr im Kremstal, in Upper Austria

France
Rohr, in the Bas-Rhin département, Alsace region

Germany
Rohr (Thuringia) , in the Schmalkalden-Meiningen district, Thuringia
Rohr (Mittelfranken) , in the Roth district, Bavaria
Rohr in Niederbayern, in the Kelheim district, Bavaria
A part of Plattling in the Deggendorf district, Bavaria
A part of Waltenhofen in the Oberallgäu district, Bavaria
A part of Blankenheim in the Euskirchen district, North Rhine-Westphalia
A part of Freystadt in the Neumarkt in der Oberpfalz district, Bavaria
A part of Rohrbach in the Pfaffenhofen an der Ilm district, Bavaria
A part of Eurasburg in the Bad Tölz-Wolfratshausen district, Bavaria
A part of Neudrossenfeld in the Kulmbach  district, Bavaria
A part of Weilheim in the Waldshut district, Baden-Württemberg
A part of Günzach in the Ostallgäu, Bavaria
A part of Stuttgart-Vaihgingen, in Stuttgart, Baden-Württemberg

Switzerland
Rohr, in the Canton of Aargau
Rohr, in the Canton of Solothurn

People
Adam L. Rohr (1976- ) 
Heinrich Rohr (1902-1997) composer
Franz Freiherr Rohr von Denta (1854-1927), last commander of the Austro-Hungarian First Army
Tony Rohr Disc Jockey
Ignaz Rohr (1866-1944) Catholic theologian
Otto van Rohr (1914-1982) composer
Richard Rohr (1943- ) Franciscan priest
Rohr, Aargau

Rohr is a former municipality of the district of Aarau in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland. Since 2009 Rohr is a part of the municipality and city of Aarau.

Former municipalities of Aargau
Rothrist

Rothrist is a municipality of the district of Zofingen in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.

Municipalities of Aargau
Rottenschwil

Rottenschwil is a municipality of the district of Muri in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.

Municipalities of Aargau
Rudolfstetten-Friedlisberg

Rudolfstetten-Friedlisberg is a municipality of the district of Bremgarten in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.

References 

Municipalities of Aargau
Rüfenach

Rüfenach is a municipality of the district of Brugg in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.

Municipalities of Aargau
Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival

Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival, best known as just Coachella, is an annual three-day music festival held in Indio, California. It has taken place every year since the first year in 1999, except in the year 2000. It has had artists ranging from Rage Against the Machine to Nickel Creek. The 2014 festival will have 184 artists.

References

Music festivals in the United States
Music in California
1999 establishments in California
Rümikon

Rümikon is a municipality of the district of Zurzach in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.

Municipalities of Aargau
Welwel

Welwel is an oasis in Ethiopia, near Somalia. It used to be called Walwal.  Walwal was where a border dispute happened with Italy.  Mussolini used the dispute as an excuse to start a war against Ethiopia.

Ethiopia
Archers of Loaf



Discography 
 Icky Mettle (1993)
 Vee Vee (1995)
 All the Nations Airports (1996)
 White Trash Heroes (1998)

American rock bands
Indie bands
Musical groups from North Carolina
Arctic Cordillera

The Arctic Cordillera is a mountain range running along the northeastern coast of North America from Ellesmere Island to the northernmost tip of Labrador. It is the only major mountain range in Canada east of the Rocky Mountains. The range has a surface area of . Its highest point is  at Barbeau Peak.

Further reading

 Chernoff, M. N., H. R. Hovdebo, and J. Stuart-Smith. Eastern Canadian Cordillera and Arctic Islands An Aerial Reconnaissance. Ottawa: 24th International Geological Congress, 1972.
 Geological Survey of Canada. Cordillera and Pacific Margin Interior Plains and Arctic Canada. Geological Survey of Canada Current Research, 1998-A. 1998.
 Hall, John K. Arctic Ocean Geophysical Studies The Alpha Cordillera and Mendeleyev Ridge. Palisades, N.Y.: Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory, Columbia University, 1970.
 Walker, Edward R. A Synoptic Climatology for Parts of the Western Cordillera. Montreal: McGill University, 1961.

Mountains of Canada
Fort Banks

Fort Banks (also known as the Eastern Command Fixed Defences), is an old World War II fort that was used to protect the entrance to Botany Bay. The fort is located north of Cape Banks in La Perouse, New South Wales Australia.

History
Just before WWII, a small section of land on the Cape Banks Headland that was owned by the New South Wales Golf Club was used by the Australian Army to build a fort. The fort was made so that it could protect Sydney from an attack by a foreign navy ship. The fort had two BL 9.2 inch Mark 10 cannons that were put into concrete gun emplacements (pictured) and barracks that were finished just before the start of WWII. During WWII the Henry Head Battery was also reopened and had two BL 6 inch cannons.

References

Buildings and structures in New South Wales
History of Australia
Banks
Rupperswil

Rupperswil is a municipality of the district of Lenzburg in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.

References 

Municipalities of Aargau
Safenwil

Safenwil is a municipality of the district of Zofingen in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.

Other websites
 Official website 

Municipalities of Aargau
Sarmenstorf

Sarmenstorf is a municipality of the district of Bremgarten in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.

References 

Municipalities of Aargau
Schafisheim

Schafisheim is a municipality of the district of Lenzburg in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.

Municipalities of Aargau
Scherz

Scherz is a former municipality of the district of Brugg in canton of Aargau in Switzerland.

On 1 January 2018 the former municipality of Scherz merged into the municipality of Lupfig.

Former municipalities of Aargau
Schinznach-Bad

Schinznach-Bad was a municipality in Brugg in canton of Aargau in Switzerland. On 1 January 2020 Schinznach-Bad became part of Brugg.

References 

Former municipalities of Aargau
Schinznach-Dorf

Schinznach-Dorf is a former municipality of the district of Brugg in canton of Aargau in Switzerland.

On 1 January 2014 the former municipalities of Schinznach-Dorf and Oberflachs merged into the new municipality of Schinznach.

Other websites

Former municipalities of Aargau
Schlossrued

Schlossrued is a municipality of the district of Kulm in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.

Other websites
 Official website 

Municipalities of Aargau
Schmiedrued

Schmiedrued is a municipality of the district of Kulm in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.

Municipalities of Aargau
Schneisingen

Schneisingen is a municipality of the district of Zurzach in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.

Municipalities of Aargau
Schöftland

Schöftland is a municipality in Kulm in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.

References

Other websites 
 Official website 

Municipalities of Aargau
Schupfart

Schupfart is a municipality of the district of Rheinfelden in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.

Municipalities of Aargau
Black-eyed Susan

Black-eyed Susan Rudbeckia is one of at least four genera within the flowering plant family Asteraceae whose members are commonly known as coneflowers.
Blackeyed Susan is a common Missouri native wildflower which typically occurs in open woods, prairies, fields, roadsides and waste areas throughout the State.

The name was given by Carolus Linneaus in honor of his teacher at Uppsala University, Professor Olof Rudbeck the Younger (1660-1740), and his father, Professor Olof Rudbeck the Elder (1630-1702), both of whom were botanists.

Other websites

http://www.mobot.org/gardeninghelp/plantfinder/Plant.asp?code=A109
http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=RUHI2

Asteraceae
Plants of North America
Schwaderloch

Schwaderloch is a municipality of the district of Laufenburg in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.

Municipalities of Aargau
Seengen

Seengen is a municipality of the district of Lenzburg in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.

Municipalities of Aargau
Seon, Switzerland

Seon is a municipality of the district of Lenzburg in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.

Municipalities of Aargau
Siglistorf

Siglistorf is a municipality of the district of Zurzach in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.

References 

Municipalities of Aargau
Aurora (aircraft)

The Aurora (supposedly called the SR-91 Aurora) is a possible surveillance aircraft. No one knows if it ever existed. Supposedly, it was meant for trying out hypersonic flight, or speeds above 5 times the speed of sound. The name "Aurora" was used for the aircraft because in 1985, it appeared on an American military funding list. It might have been to replace the SR-71 Blackbird.

Aurora sightings 

In 1989, a man named Chris Gibson was working on an oil rig when he saw a KC-135 Stratotanker, two F-111 Aardvarks, and a triangle-shaped craft refueling. He did not know what it was. During 1991 in Southern California, there were a lot of sonic booms being heard. There was also a pulse coming out of the engine. The most recent sighting was in 2006.

Related pages
Unidentified flying object

References 

Individual aircraft
The Oprah Winfrey Show

The Oprah Winfrey Show was an American talk show which had Oprah Winfrey as the host. It began on September 8, 1986, and has since become one of the most famous talk shows in the world. The show ended on May 25, 2011 after 25 seasons. It won 47 Daytime Emmy Awards.

Guests 
Notable guests on her show were:
 Gayle King – Oprah's friend (140 appearances)
 Celine Dion – Singer (27 appearances)
 Tom Cruise – Actor, known for jumping in the show's couch. He also appeared in the show's last episode.
 Nelson Mandela – President of South Africa.

References 

1980s American television series
1990s American television series
2000s American television series
2010s American television series
American television talk shows
First run syndicated television programs
English-language television programs
Rheinfelden, Switzerland

Rheinfelden is a city and municipality of the canton of Aargau in Switzerland, seat of the district of Rheinfelden.  It is  east of Basel.  The name means the fields of the Rhine, as the town is on the Hochrhein.  It is home to Feldschlösschen, the most popular beer in Switzerland. The city is across the river from Rheinfelden in Baden-Württemberg; the two cities were joined until Napoleon Bonaparte fixed the German–Swiss border on the Rhine in 1802 and are still socially and economically tied.

Geography 
The old town of Rheinfelden is on the Rhine river. The Rhine can be traveled down by ship from Rheinfelden all the way to the North Sea.

History 
The area around Rheinfelden was already settled about 10,000 years ago. At that time, people lived in the "Hermitage", a small natural cave next to the current highway. In the year 45 BC, a few kilometers west, the village Augusta Raurica was made, the first Roman town in Switzerland, near modern Kaiseraugst.  Towards the end of the 4th century, a fort was built at the western settlement.

During the 17th century, there was very little time during which the city enjoyed peace. During the Rappenkrieg (a peasant uprising that lasted from 1612 until 1614), the city was ruined. Between 1633 and 1638, the Thirty Years' War reached Fricktal, where Rheinfelden played a big role. On 15 July 1633, Swedish and French troops ruined the city. On 5 February 1638, the city was put under attack by Protestant troops sent by Bernhard of Saxe-Weimar. On 28 February, the Battle of Rheinfelden began, as the city was attacked by the bigger Imperial and Bavarian troops sent by Johann von Werth and Federigo Savelli. The Protestants lost this battle and moved on. Bernhard brought them weapons, but in the second passage on 3 March they were defeated, as he and his men unexpectedly re-appeared on the battlefield, with Savelli and Werth falling into captivity.

By the end of the Thirty Years' War, the Austrians had built a fortress on the island to secure the southwestern border of the Breisgau. In 1678, French troops sent by François de Créquy fired at the city. In 1745, during the War of the Austrian Succession, the French made a fortress on the same ground and also ruined part of the city wall.  On 17 July 1796, Rheinfelden was again occupied and looted by the French.

Because of the Treaty of Campo Formio in 1797, the Fricktal became a protectorate of the French, making the front line between the French Revolutionary and the Austrian troops in the War of the Second Coalition.  On 20 February 1802, Rheinfelden was made the capital city of the new Canton of Fricktal, joining the Helvetic Republic in August, the point at which the city became mostly Swiss. The seat of the cantonal government was here instead of in Laufenburg. With the beginning of the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss (the German Mediatisation), Napoleon Bonaparte removed the canton of Fricktal. Since 19 March 1803, Rheinfelden has been the capital of the district of the same name, in the canton of Aargau.

References

Other websites 

  Official website
 Feldschlösschen brewery

Municipalities of Aargau
Cities in Switzerland
Klickitat

The Klickitat (also spelled Klikitat) are a Native American tribe of the Pacific Northwest.  A Shahaptian tribe, their neighbors to the east were the Yakama, who speak a closely related language. Their neighbors to the west are the Salishan and Chinookan tribes.  Their name has been used for naming places like Klickitat County, Washington, Klickitat, Washington, and the Klickitat River, a tributary of the Columbia River.  

Native American
Arzo

Arzo was a municipality of the district Mendrisio in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland. On 5 April 2009 the former municipalities of Arzo, Capolago, Genestrerio, Mendrisio, Rancate and Tremona merged into the municipality of Mendrisio.

References

Other websites 

Former municipalities of Ticino
Ascona

Ascona is a municipality of the district of Locarno in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.

References

Other websites 
Der Monte Verità in Ascona 
Der "Heilige Berg" Monte Verità 
Museo comunale d’arte moderna Ascona  
www.ascona.ch
www.maggiore.ch
New Orleans Jazz Festival

Cities in Switzerland
Municipalities of Ticino
Astano

Astano is a municipality of the district of Lugano in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.

References

Other websites 

 Official website of Astano 

Municipalities of Ticino
Lugano (district)

Lugano is a district of the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.

Circles and municipalities 

The district of Lugano has 98 municipalities divided in 12 circles:
 Circle of Lugano: Lugano, Aldesago, Brè, Castagnola, Gandria;
 Circle of the Ceresio: Maroggia, Rovio, Arogno, Melano, Bissone;
 Circle of Carona: Paradiso, Carona, Melide, Morcote, Vico Morcote, Carabietta, Grancia, Agra, Gentilino, Montagnola, Barbengo, Carabbia;
 Circle of Magliasina: Caslano, Pura, Ponte Tresa, Curio, Neggio, Magliaso;
 Circle of Pregassona: Pregassona, Cureggia, Davesco, Noranco, Pambio, Pazzallo, Soragno, Viganello;
 Circle of Agno: Agno, Biogno, Bosco Luganese, Cimo, Iseo, Muzzano, Cademario, Vernate;
 Circle of Sessa: Sessa, Astano, Bedigliora, Biogno-Beride, Croglio-Castelrotto, Monteggio;
 Circle of Sonvico: Sonvico, Certara, Bogno, Colla, Insone, Scareglia, Signôra, Piandera, Cadro, Villa Luganese;
 Circle of Vezia: Vezia, Cureglia, Cadempino, Lamone, Comano, Sorengo, Massagno, Savosa, Porza, Canobbio;
 Circle of Breno: Breno, Arosio, Fescoggia, Mugena, Vezio, Novaggio, Miglieglia, Aranno;
 Circle of Taverne: Torricella-Taverne, Rivera, Bironico, Camignolo, Mezzovico-Vira, Sigirino, Bedano, Gravesano, Manno;
 Circle of Tesserete: Tesserete, Cagiallo, Campestro, Sala Capriasca, Lopagno, Roveredo Capriasca, Vaglio, Bidogno, Corticiasca, Lugaggia, Ponte Capriasca, Origlio;
 Circle of Riva San Vitale: Riva San Vitale, Meride, Arzo, Besazio, Tremona, Rancate, Capolago.

Districts of Ticino
Locarno (district)

Locarno is a district of the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.

Circles and municipalities 
The district of Locarno has 40 municipalities divided in 7 circles:
 circles of Locarno: Locarno, Orselina, Tegna, Verscio, Cavigliano;
 circles of the Isole: Ascona, Brissago, Ronco sopra Ascona;
 circles of Onsernone: Comologno, Auressio, Berzona, Crana, Loco, Mosogno, Russo, Vergeletto;
 circles of the Gambarogno: Magadino, Casenzano, Caviano, Contone, Gerra (Gambarogno), Indemini, Piazzogna, , Sant'Abbondio, Vairano, Vira (Gambarogno);
 circles of Melezza: Borgnone, Intragna, Palagnedra, Losone;
 circles of Navegna: Tenero-Contra, Minusio, Mergoscia, Brione sopra Minusio, Gordola, Cugnasco;
 circles of Verzasca: Lavertezzo, Vogorno, Corippo, Brione-Gerra, Frasco, Sonogno.

Districts of Ticino
Vallemaggia (district)

Vallemaggia is a district of the canton of Ticino in Switzerland. The capital city of the district is Cevio.

Circles and municipalities 
 circle of Rovana: Cevio, Linescio, Cerentino, Campo (Vallemaggia), Bosco Gurin;
 circle of Maggia: Maggia, Avegno, Gordevio;
 circle of Lavizzara: Lavizzara.

Districts of Ticino
Bellinzona (district)

Bellinzona is a district of the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.

Circles and municipalities 
 circle of Bellinzona: Bellinzona, Arbedo-Castione, Lumino;
 circle of the Ticino: Monte Carasso, Gudo, Sementina, Gorduno, Gnosca, Preonzo, Moleno;
 circle of Giubiasco: Giubiasco, Pianezzo, Sant'Antonio, Camorino, Sant'Antonino, Cadenazzo, Medeglia, Isone.

Districts of Ticino
Riviera (district)

Riviera is a district of the canton of Ticino in Switzerland. The capital city of the district is Biasca.

Circles and municipalities 
 Circle of Riviera: Osogna, Biasca, Cresciano, Claro, Iragna, Lodrino.

Districts of Ticino
Blenio (district)

Blenio is a district of the canton of Ticino in Switzerland. The capital city of the district is Acquarossa.

Circles and municipalities 
 Circle of Malvaglia: Malvaglia, Semione, Ludiano;
 Circle of di Acquarossa: Castro, Corzoneso, Dongio, Grumo, Largario, Leontica, Lottigna, Ponto Valentino, Prugiasco, Torre;
 Circle of Olivone: Aquila, Bottino, Campo (Blenio), Ghirone, Olivone.

Districts of Ticino
Leventina (district)

Leventina is a district of the canton of Ticino in Switzerland. The capital city of the district is Faido.

Circles and municipalities 

Districts of Ticino
Sapir-Whorf hypothesis

The Sapir–Whorf hypothesis is a linguistic idea which claims that the language people speak changes the way they think and act.

References

Linguistics
Icosahedron

An icosahedron is a Platonic solid that is made of triangles and has twenty sides.

There are many kinds of icosahedra, with some being more symmetrical than others. The best known is the Platonic, convex regular icosahedron.

Regular icosahedra

There are two objects, one convex and one concave, that can both be called regular icosahedra. Each has 30 edges and 20 equilateral triangle faces with five meeting at each of its twelve vertices. Both have icosahedral symmetry. The term "regular icosahedron" generally refers to the convex variety, while the nonconvex form is called a great icosahedron.

Convex regular icosahedron
The convex regular icosahedron is usually referred to simply as the regular icosahedron, one of the five regular Platonic solids, and is represented by its Schläfli symbol {3, 5}, containing 20 triangular faces, with 5 faces meeting around each vertex.

Its dual polyhedron is the regular dodecahedron {5, 3} having three regular pentagonal faces around each vertex.

Great icosahedron

The great icosahedron is one of the four regular star Kepler-Poinsot polyhedra. Its Schläfli symbol is {3, }. Like the convex form, it also has 20 equilateral triangle faces, but its vertex figure is a pentagram rather than a pentagon, leading to geometrically intersecting faces. The intersections of the triangles do not represent new edges.

Its dual polyhedron is the great stellated dodecahedron (, 3), having three regular star pentagonal faces around each vertex.

Stellated icosahedra
Stellation is the process of extending the faces or edges of a polyhedron until they meet to form a new polyhedron. It is done symmetrically so that the resulting figure retains the overall symmetry of the parent figure.

In their book The Fifty-Nine Icosahedra, Coxeter et al. enumerated 58 such stellations of the regular icosahedron.

Of these, many have a single face in each of the 20 face planes and so are also icosahedra. The great icosahedron is among them.

Other stellations have more than one face in each plane or form compounds of simpler polyhedra. These are not strictly icosahedra, although they are often referred to as such.

Platonic solids
Polyhedra
Rounder Records

Rounder Records is an American record label that formed in Cambridge, Massachusetts in 1970. Since then, it has moved to Burlington, Massachusetts. Over the years, some of the artists and bands that have been signed to the label include Alison Krauss, Ween, and Bela Fleck.

Independent record labels
Columbia Records

Columbia Records is an American record label that formed in 1888. It is the oldest existing record company in the world.

Its parent company is now Sony Music Entertainment. Over the years, some of the artists and bands that have been signed to the label include Aretha Franklin, System of a Down, Johnny Cash, Bob Dylan, Bela Fleck, Janis Joplin, Paul McCartney, John Lennon,  Prince, Willie Nelson, Dolly Parton, and hundreds of other artists.

Related pages
List of Columbia Records artists

References

American record labels
1888 establishments in the United States
1938 establishments in the United States
1991 disestablishments
Sony
Columbia Broadcasting System
Viacom
Atlantic Standard Time Zone

The Atlantic Standard Time Zone (AST) is a geographic region that keeps time by subtracting four hours from Greenwich Mean Time (GMT), resulting in GMT-4 (UTC-4).  The clock time in this zone is based on the mean solar time of the 60th degree meridian west of the Greenwich Observatory.

The Canadian provinces of New Brunswick, Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island keep time by subtracting four hours from UTC. So does Bermuda, an island territory in the North Atlantic. In the summer, both places use daylight saving time. They keep Atlantic Daylight Time (ADT) (UTC-3) in the summer.

Other parts of the world that keep time by subtracting four hours from UTC include: many Caribbean islands, including Puerto Rico, the U.S. Virgin Islands, and several South American countries, such as Paraguay, Chile, Bolivia, and parts of Brazil. Venezuela used AST until December 9, 2007, when it switched to UTC-4:30, but switched back to AST on May 1, 2016, at 2:30 a.m. local time.

References

Other websites
 World time zone map 
 U.S. time zone map
 History of U.S. time zones and UTC conversion 
 Canada time zone map
 Time zones for major world cities
 Official times across Canada
 The official U.S. time for the Atlantic Time Zone (no DST) 

Time zones
Figueirense FC

Figueirense Futebol Clube, also known as Figueirense, is a Brazilian football team in Florianópolis, Santa Catarina.

History
In 1921, the club was founded as Figueirense Football Club.

In 1932 the team won their first state championship.

From 1935 to 1937, Figueirense was three times in a row Catarinense champion.

In 1973, Figueirense was the first team of Santa Catarina state in Campeonato Brasileiro Série A.

In 1987, the club played at Campeonato Catarinense Second Division, and won the promotion to the First Division.

In 2001, the club was Campeonato Brasileiro Second Division runner-up, and was promoted to the following year's First Division.

From 2002 to 2004, Figueirense was three times in a row Campeonato Catarinense champion.

Stadium
The stadium of Figueirense is Estádio Orlando Scarpelli. It was built in 1961. Its a maximum capacity is 19,908 people.

Titles
 Champion of Campeonato Catarinense (State Championship) in  1932, 1935, 1936, 1937, 1939, 1941, 1972, 1974, 1994, 1999, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2006, 2008, 2014, 2015, 2018
 Champion of Copa Santa Catarina (State Cup) in 1990 and 1996
 Finalist of Copa do Brasil in 2007
 Finalist of Brazilian Série B in 2001
 Champion of Torneio Mercosul in 1995.

Idols
 Agnaldo
 Albeneir
 Cléber
 Edmundo
 Jorge Fossati
 Sérgio Gil
 Valdo

Other websites
Figueirense Official Web Site
Gavioes Alvinegros - Ultras/Fan Set 

Figueirense
Santa Catarina
1921 establishments in Brazil
C Sharp (programming language)

C# (pronounced "see sharp") is a computer programming language. It is developed by Microsoft. It was created to use all capacities of .NET platform. The first version was released in 2001. The most recent version is C# 8.0, which was released in September 2019. C# is a modern language. C#'s development team is led by Anders Hejlsberg, the creator of Delphi.

Execution Platform 
The Microsoft .NET platform;
Free implementation of C# and .NET like Mono developed by Novell, or dotGNU developed by the Free Software Foundation.

Today, C# can be run on most platforms (Windows, Linux, MacOs, etc.) without changing the source code. C# can be run on the Xbox 360 platform with a special framework.

Syntax 
C# code is similar to C++ and Java code.  The CLR (Common Language Runtime) is needed in order to run a C# program .

"Hello, World!" example 
/* This is a simple program in C#. 
 * It simply shows "Hello, World!" on the screen.
 */
using System;
namespace HelloWorld
{
  class Hello
  {
    static void Main()
    {
      Console.WriteLine("Hello, World!");
      
      // The piece of code below is optional, but is needed to prevent the program from closing immediately.
      
      Console.WriteLine("Press any key to exit.");
      Console.ReadKey();
    }
  } 
}

Basic input example 
/* 
 * This program asks for input from the user, i.e. a name. It then prints "Hello [name]", replacing [name] with whatever the person typed in.
 */
using System;
namespace HelloWorld
{
  class Hello
  {
    static void Main()
    {
      Console.WriteLine("Hello, please type in your name:");
      string name = Console.ReadLine();
      Console.WriteLine("Hello {0}",name);
      Console.ReadKey();
    }
  } 
}

Integrated Development Environments 

C# can be edited in a number of IDEs (Integrated Development Environments), some of which are listed below:

Windows:
Microsoft Visual Studio
SharpDevelop
Visual C#
Visual C# Express
Rider
Mac OS X:
MonoDevelop (With limitations)
Unix/Linux:
MonoDevelop

Sources

Related pages
 Object-oriented programming
 C (programming language)
 C++
 Java

Other websites 
 C#.NET in Hindi - सीखें आसानी से।
 C# Station, Example, Video
 Visual C# Developer Center
 C# lessons 
c# continue at CodeExampler for Free
 C# Station 
 Visual C#
 Introduction to the C# Language and the .NET Framework
   C# / CSharp Tutorial
 Visual C# Tutorials and Lessons (Learn C#) 
 Visual C# .NET Programming on http://www.homeandlearn.co.uk/
 Examples for C# Essentials 
C# tutorials for beginners
Learn C# with Examples (C# Tutorial)
C# Programming Examples

Programming languages
Wilmington, North Carolina

Wilmington is a city in New Hanover County, North Carolina, United States. 

The population was around at 96,000 during 2006;.  It is the county seat of New Hanover County. It was named in honor of Spencer Compton, the Earl of Wilmington, who was Prime Minister at the same time as George II was King of England.

It was the site of the 1898 insurrection where many white people killed African-American politicians in the city. It is seen as the only coup d'état on American soil.

References

Other websites
 Official website of Wilmington, NC
 
 The Insiders' Guide to Wilmington, NC 

Cities in North Carolina
County seats in North Carolina
Plantation Key

Plantation Key is an island in Monroe County, Florida, United States. It is in the upper Florida Keys on U.S. Route 1 (or the Overseas Highway), between Key Largo and Windley Key.

Florida Keys
Oak Island, North Carolina

Oak Island, North Carolina is a town mostly on Oak Island (which also contains the town of Caswell Beach and the North Carolina Baptist Assembly at Fort Caswell) in Brunswick County, North Carolina; a small part of the town extends onto the mainland north of the island's bridge. 6,571 people lived there at the 2000 census. It was founded in 1999 by the consolidation of the towns of Long Beach and Yaupon Beach. Its main industry is tourism; the town has about 30,000-40,000 people in the summer.

References

Other websites
 Oak Island, NC City Guide
 Official Town Site 
 Southport-Oak Island Area Chamber of Commerce

Towns in North Carolina
1999 establishments in the United States
1990s establishments in North Carolina
Avegno, Switzerland

Avegno was a municipality of the district of Vallemaggia in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland. On 20 April 2008, Avegno and Gordevio merged to form the new municipality of Avegno Gordevio.

In 1982, the Swiss Heritage Society gave the Wakker Prize to Avegno for the saving of its historical buildings.

References

Other websites 

 Official website 

Former municipalities of Ticino
Wakker Prize

The Wakker Prize (in German: Wakkerpreis, in French Prix Wakker) is given every year by the Swiss Heritage Society to a municipality of Switzerland for the making and saving of its historical buildings.

In 2005, the prize was given to the Swiss Federal Railways, rather than a municipality.

The prize is named for Henri-Louis Wakker.

Prize winners

Other websites
Patrimoine suisse: Prix Wakker 

Swiss culture
Awards
Ehrendingen

Ehrendingen is a municipality of the district Baden in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.

Ehrendingen was created on 1 January 2006 from the former municipalities of Oberehrendingen and Unterehrendingen.

References

Other websites 
Official municipal Website

Municipalities of Aargau
2006 establishments in Switzerland
Barbengo

Barbengo is a former municipality until 2008, when it was moved to the municipality of Lugano and in the district of Lugano in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.

Other websites 

 Official site of the quarter
 

Former municipalities of Ticino
Bedano

Bedano is a municipality of the district of Lugano in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.

References

Other websites
Official homepage of the municipality of Bedano

Municipalities of Ticino
Bedigliora

Bedigliora is a municipality of the district of Lugano in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.

References 

Municipalities of Ticino
Hurricane Fabian

Hurricane Fabian was a powerful Cape Verde-type hurricane that hit Bermuda in early September during the 2003 Atlantic hurricane season. Fabian was the sixth named storm, fourth hurricane, and first major hurricane of the season.

Storm History

Fabian developed from a tropical wave in the tropical Atlantic Ocean on August 25. It moved west-northwestward under the influence of the subtropical ridge to its north, and steadily strengthened in an area of warm water temperatures and light wind shear. The hurricane attained a peak intensity of 145 mph (230 km/h) on September 1, and it slowly weakened as it turned northward. On September 5, Fabian made a direct hit on the island of Bermuda with wind speeds of over 120 mph (195 km/h). After passing the island, the hurricane turned to the northeast, and became extratropical on September 8.

Impact, aftermath and records
Fabian was the strongest hurricane to hit Bermuda since Hurricane Arlene in 1963. It was both the most damaging and the first hurricane to cause a death on the island since 1926. The hurricane's powerful winds resulted in moderate damage and destroyed roofs throughout the island. A strong storm surge associated with the hurricane killed four people crossing a causeway on Bermuda, temporarily closing the only link between two islands. The endangered Bermuda Petrel, better known as the Cahow, was threatened by the hurricane, which destroyed ten nests, although volunteer work transported the species to a safer location. Strong swells resulted in damage in northern Puerto Rico and the Dominican Republic, and also caused four people to drown along the United States' Atlantic coast. In all, Fabian caused around $300 million (2003 USD, $357 million in damage and eight deaths.

Retirement

Because the devastating affects in Bermuda the name Fabian was retired. It was replaced by Fred in 2009.

References

Other websites
 NHC's archive on Hurricane Fabian
 NHC's Tropical Cyclone Report on Hurricane Fabian
 Wikimedia Commons Image Gallery on Hurricane Fabian

Hurricanes in Bermuda
Retired tropical cyclone names
Category 4 Atlantic hurricanes
2003 Atlantic hurricane season
2000s in Bermuda
2003 in North America
Bedretto

Bedretto is a municipality of the district of Leventina in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.

References 

Municipalities of Ticino
High five

A high five is a hand gesture done with two people who want to express joy over an common achievement. The five refers to the five fingers on each hand.

Meanings 
It might mean "Good Job!". High fives are not done because a person is mad at someone else, even though doing one may hurt.

Methods 
To do a high five, both people open one hand and raise it, and slap them together. It is morally wrong to slap someone in the face, instead of the hand. Sometimes this is confusing.

Variations 
Depending on the situation, a high-five may be changed to a slap-n-slide of the palms.

One Person High Five: Clap/Clapping

Non-verbal communication
Revolver (Beatles album)

Revolver is a 1966 album by British rock band The Beatles. It was their 7th album. Its front cover is a , designed by Klaus Voormann, an artist friend of the Beatles from Germany.

The album was recorded at Abbey Road Studios in London, England. While most of the Beatles's records were made in Studio Two, it was being used for another project, so much of Revolver was made in Studio Three, which was much smaller and meant for use by soloists. Space was cramped, and the sound of the record was different from their earlier ones.

The album also got a different  from earlier Beatles albums. The band felt free to "branch out" into new themes and ideas, that nobody had tried in a pop music recording before. "Taxman" commented on the tax system in England. "Eleanor Rigby" was about . "Yellow Submarine" became a hit with children. "Good Day Sunshine" and "Got to Get You Into My Life" were covered by other bands.

A few of the songs made references to drugs, particularly John Lennon's songs. "She Said She Said" was about a party in Los Angeles the Beatles had gone to, and had taken LSD. "Doctor Robert" was about a New York doctor (Charles Roberts) who  sedatives and "feel-good" drugs for his patients. "Tomorrow Never Knows" came from Lennon's reading The Psychedelic Experience, which adapted the Tibetan Book of the Dead as a drug-user's guide.

Beatles lead guitarist George Harrison was pleased to have three of his own songs included on Revolver, "Taxman", "Love You To", and "I Want to Tell You". Most Beatles albums only had one or two Harrison songs. "Love You To" did not feature guitars, but Harrison instead played a sitar. World-famous sitarist Ravi Shankar heard the song, but did not like it, and offered to teach Harrison to play sitar properly. Shankar and Harrison went on to become lifelong friends.

Three songs from the album were "borrowed" by Capitol Records in the United States, and used on a compilation album, Yesterday... and Today, which came out before Revolver. The songs were "I'm Only Sleeping", "Doctor Robert", and "And Your Bird Can Sing". Capitol Records then released Revolver in a shortened version. The compact disc edition for sale today follows the original British version.

Revolver came out while the Beatles were on a concert tour. Bands normally perform songs from their latest album as a  part of a concert. Strangely, the Beatles did not perform any Revolver songs on tour, but instead played the same music as on earlier tours. This got them criticism from some listeners. The tour also turned out to be the band's last. They played their final public concert in San Francisco, California on August 29, 1966.

Songs

Sources

The Beatles albums
1966 albums
Pop rock albums
Besazio

Besazio is a former municipality of the district of Mendrisio in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland. On 14 April 2013 the former municipalities of Besazio, Ligornetto and Meride merged into the municipality of Mendrisio.

References 

Former municipalities of Ticino
Rip current

A rip current is a strong surface flow of water returning outward from near the shore (not to be confused with an undertow). It is often mistakenly called a "rip tide" or "riptide", which is a flow of water out of an inland lagoon or channel during an ebb tide. Colloquially a rip current is known simply as a rip. Although rip currents would exist even without the tides, tides can make an existing rip much more dangerous (especially low tide). Typical flow is at 0.5 meters per second (1-2 feet per second), and can be as fast as 2.5 meters per second (8 feet per second). Rip currents can move to different locations on a beach break, up to tens of metres (a few hundred feet) a day. They can happen at any beach with breaking waves, including the world's oceans, seas, and large lakes such as the Great Lakes in Canada and the United States.

Other websites 
 Rip Current Safety (US National Weather Service)
 United States Lifesaving Association, Rip Currents 
 Rip Currents - Everything a swimmer needs (pictures too) on just one page
 Rip Current Awareness (New Jersey Marine Sciences Consortium)
 Rip currents: Going with the flow (a study reveals that Rip Currents are much more complicated than was previously thought, New Scientist, 27 June 2007)

Bodies of water
Oceanography
Bidogno

Bidogno was a municipality of the district Lugano, in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland. On 20 April 2008 the former municipalities of Bidogno, Corticiasca and Lugaggia joined together and became the municipality of Capriasca.

References

Other websites 

 Official website  
 

Former municipalities of Ticino