cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Trifluoromethylphenylpiperazine

Trifluoromethylphenylpiperazine (TFMPP) is an organic chemical substance. It is a derivative of Piperazine. It is sometimes used as a part of other illegal drugs. It is sometimes used as a replacement for the drug MDMA, or as a component of Ecstasy pills. TFMPP has no known use in the chemical industry. 

Chemical compounds
Aliens (movie)

Aliens is an American science fiction-action horror movie released in 1986. It is a science fiction movie because it takes place in outer space and there are alien creatures. It was directed by James Cameron and stars Sigourney Weaver, Michael Biehn and Lance Henriksen. Aliens is a sequel to Alien (1979) and was followed by two more sequels; Alien³ (1992) and Alien: Resurrection (1997).

This one is different than the original movie because instead of it being just a horror movie, it has more action in it and there is more than one alien in it, as said in the title of the movie.

Other websites
 

1986 horror movies
1986 science fiction movies
1986 action movies
1980s monster movies
1980s science fiction horror movies
1980s sequel movies
20th Century Fox movies
Alien movies
American action movies
American monster movies
American sequel movies
English-language movies
Movies set on fictional planets
Movies directed by James Cameron
Evolutionary suicide

Evolutionary suicide is not a standard term in evolutionary biology. It is not used in any standard textbook on evolution.

It is the incorrect idea that the adaptation of an individual animal works in such a way that an entire species dies out. The idea is that evolution makes plants and animals pass on their genes to the next generation more efficiently, but it does not guarantee the survival of the population or the species. Obviously, that is true, and extinction occurs often. Evolution cannot foresee the future. This is, however, nothing at all to do with suicide.

A candidate for a future evolutionary suicide might be cod. Cod is caught as fish by humans. The fish do not weigh as much as they used to, mostly because they do not survive long enough. They do, however, mature earlier. Although this means the number of eggs per female fish is reduced, its effect depends rather on the extent of overfishing. Data suggests that when fishing is controlled, cod numbers return to their former level. This was the lesson of World War II, when cod fishing in many areas was greatly reduced, and pre-war cod numbers recovered.

References

Evolutionary biology
Jewish Virtual Library

Jewish Virtual Library (JVL) is an online encyclopedia published by the American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise (the AICE). Established in 1993, it is a comprehensive website covering Israel, the Jewish people, and Jewish culture.

History
The website was first made in the late 1990s. It was first called The Jewish Student Online Research Center (JSOURCE).According to the website, the Library covers material that cannot be found anywhere else in the world, such as information about projects where the United States and Israel worked together, and how Americans were treated during the Holocaust.  It explains that it got permission to use materials from the Library of Congress, from the American Jewish Historical Society, the Anti-Defamation League, the Simon Wiesenthal Center, the Israeli Foreign Ministry, and Prime Minister’s Office, Rabbi Joseph Telushkin (author of Jewish Literacy), and dozens of other sources.

It has more than 13,000 articles and 6,000 photographs and maps about Jewish history, Israel, U.S.-Israel relations, the Holocaust, anti-Semitism, and Judaism.  The website has all of the words of the Tanakh.  The Jewish Virtual Library also has the Israel advocacy text "Myths and Facts", edited by Mitchell Bard, in several languages.

Critical reception
John Jaeger, in an article published by the Association of College and Research Libraries, said of the Jewish Virtual Library: 
"This library, once it is entered, is more like a living encyclopedia than it is anything else. One has options to click on, such as history, women, biography, politics, Israel, maps, and Judaic Treasures at the Library of Congress, with each launching a person into a different realm. The site is extremely well put together.

Karen Evans of Indiana State University wrote that the site covers many different topics, with "easily accessible, balanced information".

The Jewish Virtual Library has been used as a source by CNN, New York Times, BBC, CBS News, Fox News, The Los Angeles Times, USA Today, Business Week, and Bloomberg, among others.  JVL got awards from Britannica Internet Guide Selection, USA Today Hot Site, and the Best of the Jewish Web from the Jewish Agency for Israel, the Academic Excellence Award from Study Web and others.

Other websites 
 Jewish Virtual Library

References

Judaism
Taio Cruz

Jacob Taio Cruz is an English R&B singer. He has released three studio albums and his single, "Break Your Heart" which was featured on his Rokstarr album was a number one hit in both the U.K. and the U.S. In 2014 his fourth album #Black will be released.

Albums 
Taio Cruz has released 3 studio albums:

Other websites
Taio Cruz's Official website

Black British musicians
Brit Award winners
British R&B musicians
Singers from London
Living people
Martin Truex Jr.

Martin Lee Truex Jr. (born June 29, 1980 in Mayetta, New Jersey) is an American racecar driver. Truex Jr. drives the No. 19 Toyota Camry for Joe Gibbs Racing in the Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series. Truex won the 2004 and 2005 Nationwide Series championships. Truex's brother Ryan Truex is also a race car driver.

References

Other websites
Official website

1980 births
Living people
NASCAR drivers
American racecar drivers
Sportspeople from New Jersey
Haitian Revolution

The Haitian Revolution (1791–1804) was a conflict in the French colony of Saint-Domingue, leading to the abolition of slavery in Haiti and the formation of Haiti as the first modern republic ruled by Africans.  It was the biggest slave rebellion since the Zanj rebellion in Iraq, which also lasted 14 years. Its leaders were former slaves who decided to fight for freedom, like Toussaint L'ouverture, Cécile Fatiman, Dutty Boukman, and Jean-Jacques Dessalines.  The Haitian Revolution led to Haiti being the second nation in the Americas (after the United States) formed from a European colony, and the first one to ban slavery.

References

Wars of independence
History of Haiti
Rebellions in North America
19th century rebellions
Slave rebellions
1790s in North America 

18th century rebellions
Revolutions
1800s in North America
Anti-imperialism
Janenschia

Janenschia (named after Werner Janensch) was a huge, plant-eating dinosaur with an elongated neck and tail. It was a sauropod from the late Jurassic period, about 156 million to 150 million years ago. Janenschia had a small head, blunt teeth, and a short, thick tail; it was about 80 feet (24 m) long. This titanosaurid back may have been covered with bony, armored plates. Fossils have been found in Tanzania, Africa. It is said that this dinosaur was a secondary prey for T-rex.

Dinosaurs of Africa
Titanosaurs
Hadrian

Hadrian (Publius Aelius Hadrianus, 24 January 76 – 10 July 138) was Roman Emperor from 117 to 138.

He is best known for building Hadrian's Wall, which marked the northern limit of Roman territory in Britain. In Rome, he built the Pantheon and the Temple of Venus and Roma.

In addition to being emperor, Hadrian was a humanist and a lover of Greek culture in all his tastes. Hadrian was the third of the so-called Five Good Emperors.

Hadrian was born to a Hispano-Roman family, probably in Italica (near Seville). His predecessor Trajan was a maternal cousin of Hadrian's father. Trajan never officially designated an heir, but according to his wife Pompeia Plotina, Trajan named Hadrian emperor immediately before his death. Trajan's wife and his friend Licinius Sura were well-disposed towards Hadrian, and he may well have owed his succession to them.

During his reign, Hadrian traveled to nearly every province of the empire. Hadrian sought to make Athens the cultural capital of the empire: he ordered the construction of many temples in the city.

Hadrian spent much of his time with the military. He usually wore military attire, and dined and slept amongst the soldiers. He ordered military training and drilling to be more rigorous and even made use of false reports of attack to keep the army alert. Despite his fondness for the army, there was little military activity throughout the empire while Hadrian reigned. After he became emperor, Hadrian withdrew from Trajan's conquests in Mesopotamia and Armenia, and even considered abandoning Dacia. Late in his reign, he stopped the Bar Kokhba revolt in Judaea, renaming the province Syria Palaestina.

In 136 an ailing Hadrian adopted Lucius Aelius as his heir, but he died suddenly two years later. In 138, Hadrian promised to adopt Antoninus Pius if he would in turn adopt Marcus Aurelius and Aelius' son Lucius Verus as his own eventual successors. Antoninus agreed, and soon afterward Hadrian died at his villa near Tibur.

References 

76 births
138 deaths
Roman Emperors
Civilization III

Civilization III or Civ 3 is a turn based strategy computer game by Firaxis Games from 2001. It is the third part of the successful serial. The game become two expansion sets, Play the World and Conquests. In the game you control a nation from the stone age too the modern age. Civilization III has many new innovations in contrast with Civilization II. There are strategic resources, country borders and the military units will support by the nation, not by the cities.

Related pages
Civilization (series)
Civilization IV

Other websites
 official page 

Civilization series
2001 video games
Paul Revere

Paul Revere (January 1, 1735 - May 10, 1818) was an early United States Patriot and a leader of the American Revolution.  He was born in Boston, Massachusetts and worked there as a silversmith. He was married twice and became the father of 16 children.

Revere was a member of a group called The Sons of Liberty. This group wanted better treatment for the American colonies from the British government. Revere made a silver engraving of the Boston Massacre. This engraving made Americans even more angry with the British.

Revere was a courier and soldier in the American Revolution. After the Revolutionary War, he operated a metal foundry in Boston. He died in Boston, and was buried in the Granary Burying Ground. He is most famous for alerting the colonial militia that British soldiers were coming before the Battles of Lexington and Concord. In 1860, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow wrote a poem about this called "Paul Revere's Ride."

Midnight Ride 
Revere is most famous for his "Midnight Ride". It happened on the night of April 1819, 1775.  British officials had learned that American Patriots (the leaders of the American Revolution) were storing guns in Concord, Massachusetts.  They wanted to destroy the guns. The Patriots thought the British also wanted to capture Patriot leaders John Hancock and Samuel Adams. The two leaders were staying in Lexington, Massachusetts.  Revere and a man named William Dawes rode on horseback from Boston to Lexington, Massachusetts to warn Adams and Hancock that the British were coming. Revere warned other Patriots along the way. 

When Paul Revere arrived in Lexington, he shouted loudly to wake up and warn the people.  Revere was soon joined by Dawes, who also told the people that the British soldiers were coming.  In Concord, Samuel Prescott joined Revere and Dawes.  All three were stopped by British soldiers in a field in the city of Lincoln, Massachusetts. Prescott and Dawes escaped quickly.  However, the British soldiers held Revere for about an hour before letting him go. Because his horse was gone, Revere ran back to Lexington, where the fighting had already begun. Almost a hundred years later, Paul Revere's Ride (poem) revived his fame.

References

1734 births
1818 deaths
American revolutionaries
People from Boston, Massachusetts
Sinterklaas

Sinterklaas (also called Sint Nicolaas) is a traditional Winter holiday figure in Dutch-speaking Europe (The Netherlands and Flanders), and is also well known in the former Dutch colonies. Every year he is celebrated in The Netherlands, one day before Saint Nicholas died (5 December) and on (6 December) in Belgium. His helper and best friend is Black Peter. Sinterklaas is the basis of the mythical holiday figure of Santa Claus in the United States. Sinterklaas has nothing to do with Christmas. Christmas will also be celebrated in the Netherlands as well as in Belgium, so Santa Claus is not the same as Sinterklaas (in the Netherlands). Sinterklaas arrives from Spain in a boat and has a white horse that can walk across rooftops. Every little kid puts his shoe at the chimney (or the window) and sings a song, when the kid goes to sleep sinterklaas comes and puts a present in the shoe.
.   

Dutch culture
Belgian culture
Flanders
Zwarte Piet

Zwarte Piet (, Dutch for "Black Pete"; , , ) is the friend of Saint Nicholas (, , , ) in the folklore of the Low Countries. 

The character first appeared in an 1850 book by Amsterdam schoolteacher Jan Schenkman. 

Zwarte Piet is black because he is a Moor from Spain. People playing Zwarte Piet usually put on blackface and colourful suits along with curly wigs and bright red lipstick.

Recently, the character has become controversial with many saying it was racist towards people of African descent.

References

Christmas
Auto mechanic

An auto mechanic is a mechanic that works with cars, car parts, and special car changes that make the car work differently called modifications. Auto mechanics can either know all about all the different parts that let the car work, or they can specialize in one specific kind of part or car. People go to auto mechanics for many reasons: They might need to get a new car part, they might need to find out what is wrong with their car, or they might want to add something new to the car to make it better. Auto mechanics almost always work in places called garages, that are made for the work that auto mechanics do.

Occupations
2007 Scottish Parliament election

The 2007 Scottish Parliament election was an election held on 3 May 2007 to elect members to the Scottish Parliament.

Going into the election, the Scottish Labour Party had the largest number of seats and had a coalition agreement with the Scottish Liberal Democrats with Jack McConnell as First Minister. The Scottish National Party won 47 seats in the election, which was the largest number of seats for any party in the election, but was not enough to form a majority government. The Scottish National Party then formed a minority government with Alex Salmond as First Minister.

This was the first time since the 1964 UK General Election in which the Labour Party did not get the highest number of votes in Scotland and it also gave the Scottish National Party it's largest ever number of votes. The final results were: Scottish National Party (47 Seats), Scottish Labour Party (46 Seats), Scottish Conservative Party (17 Seats), Scottish Liberal Democrats (16 Seats) and the Scottish Green Party (2 Seats). Parties which had won seats in the 2003 Scottish Parliament election including the Scottish Socialist Party and the Scottish Senior Citizens Party, lost all of their seats.

Voting system

Scotland is divided into 73 constituencies with roughly the same number of people in each one. Each of these constituencies elects one Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP) using the First Past the Post voting system. These 73 constituencies are grouped into eight regions. Each of these regions elects seven MSPs using proportional representation which means that the total number of MSPs is 129.

Party leaders

Scottish National Party - Alex Salmond

Scottish Labour Party - Jack McConnell

Scottish Conservative Party - Annabel Goldie

Scottish Liberal Democrats - Nicol Stephen

Scottish Green Party - Robin Harper / Shiona Baird

Next election

The next election to the Scottish parliament was held on 5 May 2011.

2007 in the United Kingdom

2007 elections
2000s elections in the United Kingdom
Politics of Scotland
2000s in Scotland
May events
Gabbi Tuft

Gabbi Alon Tuft (born Gabriel Allan Tuft; November 1, 1978 in San Francisco, California) is an American retired professional wrestler who is best known for working for WWE where he competed under the ring name Tyler Reks. He wrestled on their Raw, SmackDown and ECW brands. During his time in Florida Championship Wrestling (FCW), Tuft was a one-time FCW Florida Heavyweight Champion and a one-time FCW Florida Tag Team Champion with Johnny Curtis.

Tuft debuted on ECW and was also in a pre-show battle royal at WrestleMania XXVI which was won by Yoshi Tatsu. Recently Tuft was on Team SmackDown at the 2010 version of Bragging Rights when they won the trophy for the second time in a row.

He asked to be released from his WWE contract on August 21, 2012 because he wanted to retire from professional wrestling and spend more time with his family.

Assigned male at birth, Gabbi Tuft publicly came out as a trans woman in February 2021.

References

Other websites
WWE profile

1978 births
American professional wrestlers
Former WWE wrestlers
Living people
Sportspeople from San Francisco
Transgender and transsexual people
LGBT sportspeople
LGBT people from California
Blake Griffin

Blake Austin Griffin (born March 16, 1989) is an American basketball player. He is a power forward for the Detroit Pistons of the National Basketball Association (NBA). 

Griffin played college basketball for two years at the University of Oklahoma, then decided to enter the NBA Draft.

NBA career

In the 2009 NBA Draft, the Clippers chose him with the first pick. However, Griffin broke a kneecap during the preseason and missed the entire 2009-2010 season. He finally played his first regular season NBA game on October 27, 2010. Griffin scored 20 points and had 14 rebounds, although the Clippers lost to the Portland Trail Blazers, 98-88. 

Griffin quickly became known as a hard working player and a good dunker. He was chosen to be in the slam dunk contest during the 2011 NBA All-Star Weekend, and was also chosen to play in the 2011 NBA All-Star Game.

References

Other websites
Blake Griffin's Official website 
Blake Griffin at NBA.com

1989 births
American basketball players
Living people
Los Angeles Clippers players
Sportspeople from Oklahoma
Hedge

A hedge or hedgerow is a close-knit row of shrubs and sometimes tree species. They were usually planted and "trained" to form a barrier. They marked the boundary of an area, and so were a sign of possession. 

Livestock farmers use them to prevent cattle straying out of fields. Animals which cannot usually be contained in fields (hill sheep for example) need a man and dog to look after them, which is an expense. Hedges were much more common before modern agriculture. Modern crop farming uses machines to gather the crop, and so hedges have almost disappeared in some areas.

When hedges are first laid, they are usually all of one species. But over hundreds of years, the number of species in a hedge gradually increases, and often includes fully-grown trees. There are many hedges in Europe which have been there for 500 or a thousand years.

Making hedges into ornaments is a skill called topiary.  Sometimes, hedges are made into mazes.

Hedges are vitally important to small birds and mammals. In the modern world they play the role which thick forest undergrowth would have played in an ancient ecology. The nests in a hedge or thicket often cannot be got at by larger predators. Obviously tiny birds like robins or finches choose safe places to nest, and if they cannot, then their brood is unlikely to survive.

References 

Trees
Ecology
Cauchy distribution

In mathematics, the Cauchy-Lorentz distribution (after Augustin-Louis Cauchy and Hendrik Lorentz) is a continuous probability distribution with two parameters: a location parameter and a scale parameter. As a probability distribution, it is usually called a Cauchy distribution. Physicists know it as a Lorentz distribution. 

When the location parameter is 0 and the scale parameter is 1, the probability density function of the Cauchy distribution reduces to . This is called the standard Cauchy distribution. 

The Cauchy distribution is used in spectroscopy to describe the spectral lines found there, and to describe resonance. It is also often used in statistics as the canonical example of a "pathological" distribution, since both its mean and its variance are undefined. The look of a Cauchy distribution is similar to that of a normal distribution, though with longer "tails". 

Due to this, estimating the mean value may not converge to any single value with more data (law of large numbers) unlike a normal distribution; due to a higher chance of getting extreme values (the tails of a frequency plot).

Related pages 

 Student's t-distribution

References

Physics
Probability distributions
Maze

A maze is a puzzle. It is made of a complex system of paths. Mazes can be on paper. They can also be big enough to walk through. Labyrinths, which are similar, have one winding path instead of many paths like a maze. Sometimes balls are placed in small mazes which have to be moved to the end through the maze. 

Puzzles
Emperor Norton

Joshua Abraham Norton, or Emperor Norton (1819? - 1880) was a man who declared himself Emperor of the United States and Protector of Mexico. He was born in London  to John and Sarah Norton. but no one knows his actual birthday or what year he was born in. 

Before he became emperor he was a citizen of San Francisco. Norton spent a lot of his early life in South Africa. Before he was emperor he made a living by being a businessman. He lost a lot of money by trying to control the rice market in San Francisco by buying all the rice he could find. This did not work because ships came with more rice. 

Emperor Norton I died on January 8, 1880. The reason of his death is unknown. He collapsed on the corner of California and Grant on his way to a lecture. The next day, he had his funeral. During Emperor Norton’s funeral, a solar eclipse took place. The whole city came to his funeral, and all of them mourned. Emperor Norton is now buried at Woodlawn Cemetery. This is what his gravestone says:

NORTON I
EMPEROR
OF THE UNITED STATES
AND
PROTECTOR OF MEXICO
JOSHUA A. NORTON
1816 - 1880

Influence
Writer Mark Twain based the character of The King in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn on Norton.

References

Other websites

1880 deaths
American people
1819 births
Gibbons v. Ogden

Gibbons v. Ogden was a United States Supreme Court case from 1824. Mostly because of a disagreement between who should be regulating the trading of goods and services between states. It gave the Congress the power to control interstate commerce.

United States Supreme Court cases
United States law
1824 in the United States
Quaesitosaurus

Quaesitosaurus (meaning "abnormal or extraordinary lizard") was a huge, long-necked, whip-tailed, plant-eating dinosaur that was found in the Gobi Desert in Mongolia. Quaesitosaurus may have been about 75 feet (23 m) long. This sauropod dinosaur lived during the late Cretaceous Period, roughly 85-80 million years ago. Quaesitosaurus may be the same as Nemegtosaurus. This environment was semi-arid during the Mesozoic Era.

Cretaceous dinosaurs
Titanosaurs
Torvosaurus

Torvosaurus was a large carnivorous dinosaur, 
from the Upper Jurassic. It lived about 153 to 148 million years ago in what is now Colorado and Portugal.

Torvosaurus, possibly the largest carnivore of its time, was a large, heavily-built, bipedal carnivore. It grew to  9 to 11 meters (30 to 36 ft) in length and an estimated weight of about 2 metric tons (2.2 tons). Its hands and arms were about average for its size. In proportion, Allosaurus had more powerful arms, and T. rex had tiny arms.

Studies suggest that the paleoenvironment of this part of the Morrison Formation had rivers flowing from the west into a basin with a giant, saline alkaline lake. There were extensive wetlands nearby. Fossils from the Dry Mesa Dinosaur Quarry of western Colorado show one of the most diverse Upper Jurassic vertebrate assemblages in the world.   The Dry Mesa Quarry has produced the remains of the sauropods Apatosaurus, Diplodocus, Barosaurus, Supersaurus, Dystylosaurus, Camarasaurus, the iguanodontid Camptosaurus, and the theropods Allosaurus, Ceratosaurus and Ornitholestes, as well as  Dryosaurus, and Stegosaurus.

References 

Jurassic dinosaurs
Megalosauridae
Life (BBC TV series)

Life is a 2009 British biology show made by the BBC with many parts. The shows include the animals' aspect of the environment, as well as some examples of how the environment needs what it does.

Parts
An episode is divided into parts, examples of how different animal species must adhere to the environment.

References

Other websites
 Official Life website at BBC Online

2009 British television series debuts
2009 British television series endings
2000s British television series
BBC Television programmes
British documentaries
Brassica oleracea

Brassica oleracea, or wild cabbage, is a species of Brassica native to coastal southern and western Europe.

Its tolerance of salt and lime, and its dislike of competition from other plants, restrict it to limestone sea cliffs, like the chalk cliffs on both sides of the English Channel.

Cultivation 
B. oleracea is believed to have been cultivated for several thousand years. It has been bred into a wide range of cultivars, including cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower, and more. Some of which are hardly recognisable as being members of the same genus, let alone species.

The plant is used because of its large food reserves, which are stored over the winter in its leaves. It is rich in essential nutrients including vitamin C.

The cultivars of B. oleracea are grouped into seven major cultivar groups, of which the Acephala Group remains most like the natural wild cabbage in appearance: 
Acephala Group: kale and collard greens
Alboglabra Group: Chinese broccoli
Botrytis Group: cauliflower, Romanesco broccoli and broccoflower 
Capitata Group: cabbage 
Gemmifera Group: brussels sprouts 
Gongylodes Group: kohlrabi 
Italica Group: broccoli 

All are in the same species. However, artificial selection has brought about genetic differences between the groups.

In places such as the Channel Islands and Canary Islands where the frost is minimal, and plants can grow all year round, some cultivars can grow up to 3 meters tall. These "tree cabbages" yield fresh leaves throughout the year, and the plant is not destroyed as with a normal cabbage. Their woody stalks are sometimes dried and made into walking sticks.

Some (notably brussels sprouts and broccoli) contain high levels of sinigrin which may help prevent bowel cancer.

References 

 
Leaf vegetables
PlayStation Portable system software

The PlayStation Portable has firmware that can get an update. When one updates the firmware, the battery must be charged to at least 3 bars (i.e. 60%), and the PSP should not be switched off. This may result in a brick and/or a constant startup BSOD or another screen "of death". As of January 15, 2015, the latest firmware is 6.61.

Version Chart

References

Portable system software
Sintering

Sintering is a way of making solids objects from powder.

During sintering powder is heated just before it would melt. In this way, powder particles bind to each other and form a solid object.

Manufacturing
Covenant

A covenant is a formal agreement, a promise made between two people. It is often used as a religious promise. It can also be an item which is a symbol of keeping the promise. Some covenants include stone tablets, written documents, and other sacred items. In Judaism, the Ark of the Covenant was a wooden box which held the stone tablets with the Ten Commandments written on them. The Jewish people saw the box as a symbol of God being with them and leading them.

References

Theology
Least concern

Least concern is a term used by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) to talk about living things that are not endangered. They do not need to be worried about because there are many of them found at the time of classification.

Mammals
Here is a list of mammals that are least concern. They include:

 African civet
 African golden wolf
 African linsang
 Amazon weasel
 American badger
 American hog-nosed skunk
 Angolan genet
 Antarctic fur seal
 Asian badger
 Asian palm civet
 Back-striped weasel
 Black-backed jackal
 Black-gilded pipistrelle
 Bobcat
 Brown fur seal
 Brown palm civet
 Burmese ferret-badger
 California sea lion
 Canada lynx
 Cape bushbuck
 Cape genet
 Caracal
 Chinese ferret-badger
 Collared pipistrelle
 Common genet
 Coppery pipistrelle
 Cougar
 Coyote
 Crab-eating fox
 Culpeo
 Darwin's fox
 Egyptian weasel
 Eurasian lynx
 European badger
 European polecat
 Fennec fox
 Geoffroy's cat
 Giant forest genet
 Golden jackal
 Golden palm civet
 Guadalupe fur seal
 Haussa genet
 Honey badger
 Hooded skunk
 Humboldt's hog-nosed skunk
 Jaguarundi
 Japanese badger
 Javan ferret-badger
 Juan Fernández fur seal
 Jungle cat
 Large Indian civet
 Least weasel
 Leopard cat
 Long-tailed weasel
 Malayan civet
 Malayan weasel
 Masked palm civet
 Minke whale
 Molina's hog-nosed skunk
 Necklace pipistrelle
 New Zealand fur seal
 North American river otter
 Nyala
 Ocelot
 Pardine genet
 Reddish-gray mouse lemur
 Rusty-spotted genet
 Saharan striped polecat
 Sand Cat
 Serval
 Servaline genet
 Siberian weasel
 Side-striped jackal
 Small Indian civet
 Small-toothed civet
 Social pipistrelle
 South American fur seal
 South American sea lion
 Southeastern myotis
 Southern spotted skunk
 Steppe polecat
 Stoat
 Striped hog-nosed skunk
 Striped polecat
 Striped skunk
 Subantarctic fur seal
 Western spotted skunk
 Wildcat
 White-tailed deer
 Wolf
 Yellow-bellied weasel

Birds
Here is a list of birds that are least concern. They include:
 Black-banded fruit dove
 Common ground dove
 Dwarf fruit dove
 Eared dove
 Eclectus parrot
 Egyptian plover
 House sparrow
 Laughing dove
 Moreno's ground dove
 Orange fruit dove
 Rock Pigeon
 Ruddy ground dove
 White-bellied green pigeon

Reptiles
 Morelet's crocodile
 Nile crocodile
 Saltwater crocodile
 Spectacled caiman

Fish
 Goliath tigerfish
 Flathead grey mullet

Insects
 Asian tiger mosquito

Ecology
Conservation
French Communist Party

The French Communist Party (, PCF) is a French far-left political party. Founded in 1920, it had a large influence in the XXth century, especially after the Second World War, and is still important in the French political life, though it declined over years.

Its National Secretary is Pierre Laurent, since June 2010.

History 

The French Communist Party was founded in 1920 after the Tours Congress of the French Section of the Worker's International (SFIO, today the Socialist Party), as the French Section of the Communist international (SFIC), by members who wanted to join the Third International. It took in 1921 the name of "Communist Party".

In 1936, it was a part of the Popular Front and supported its social reforms, but refused to participate in the government.

During the Second World War, the PCF became a clandestine organisation and organised a massive armed resistance against the Nazi occupation. At the Liberation, the party was the most important in France and had several ministers in the Provisional Government. However, its support to independentist movement in French Indochina and to strikes isolated it from other parties.

From the 1930s to the 1980s, the French Communist Party's line is close to the Soviet Union's. The collapse of the USSR in 1991 also affects the PCF, whose electoral support decreases rapidly.

Electoral results 

At the French 2007 legislative election, the PCF gained 4.29% of the votes, one of its worst results. However, the Communist party is still one of the most important party in some regions of France (Seine-Saint-Denis, Nord...), where it has been historically strong.

In 2009, the PCF created the "Left Front" () with the Left Party, and ran as a part of this alliance in the 2009 European Parliament election and the 2009 Regional election, with some success.

Related pages 
 Political Parties in France

References

Other websites 

  Official website of the French Communist Party
  Official website of the Left Front

Political parties in France
Communist parties in Europe
Michael Howard

Michael Howard (born Michael Hecht, 7 July 1941) is a British politician who was the Leader of the Conservative Party from November 2003 to December 2005. He was also a cabinet minister in both Margaret Thatcher's and John Major's governments. He was a Member of Parliament for the constituency of Folkestone and Hythe from 1983 to 2010. In 2010, he entered the House of Lords as Baron Howard of Lympne.

Michael Howard was born in Gorseinon, a town in Swansea, Wales.   He is of Jewish descent. He studied Law at the University of Cambridge and became a Queen's Counsel in 1982. He then became a Member of Parliament at the 1983 General Election. His cabinet jobs included Secretary of State for Employment (1990-1992), Secretary of State for the Environment (1992-1993) and Home Secretary (1993-1997). When the Conservative Party lost the 1997 General Election, Michael Howard became a member of the shadow cabinets of William Hague and Iain Duncan Smith.

In 2003, the Leader of the Conservative Party Iain Duncan Smith was made to resign and Michael Howard was elected unopposed to become the Conservative Party leader. 'Unopposed' means that no-one other than Michael Howard was a candidate. Michael Howard was the Conservative candidate to become Prime Minister at the 2005 General Election. The Conservatives did not win the election, however they had 33 more seats in Parliament than they did before. Michael Howard resigned shortly after this and David Cameron replaced him as Conservative Party leader.

He was made a Companion of Honour in the 2011 Birthday Honours.

References

1941 births
Living people
Alumni of the University of Cambridge
British lawyers
Former Conservative Party (UK) MPs
Former members of the British House of Commons for English constituencies
Jewish British politicians
Jewish lawyers
Leaders of the Conservative Party (UK)
Leaders of the Opposition (United Kingdom)
Members of the House of Lords
Politicians from Swansea
Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom
Secretaries of State for the Home Department
Secretaries of State of the United Kingdom
UK MPs 1983–1987
UK MPs 1987–1992
UK MPs 1992–1997
UK MPs 1997–2001
UK MPs 2001–2005
UK MPs 2005–2010
Skagit Valley

Skagit Valley is a valley in Washington in the United States. It contains the Skagit River. There was a plan to build nuclear power plants in Skagit Valley but the people didn't want them.

Geography of Washington (U.S. state)
Valleys of the United States
Tim Duncan

Timothy "Tim" Theodore Duncan (born April 25, 1976) is a former professional basketball player from the US Virgin Islands. He played the power forward and center for the San Antonio Spurs of the National Basketball Association (NBA) his entire 19 year career.

Early life
Duncan was a swimmer when he was young. In 1989, Hurricane Hugo destroyed the pool he used to practice swimming, and his mother died a year later. Duncan gave up on swimming after this and began playing basketball.

Basketball career
Duncan played college basketball for four years at Wake Forest University. After college, the San Antonio Spurs chose him with the first pick in the 1997 NBA Draft. Duncan helped the Spurs win NBA championships in 1999, 2003, 2005, 2007, and 2014. He was named the Most Valuable Player (MVP) in the NBA in 2002 and 2003. Duncan was a 15 time All-Star and received the title of NBA All-Star Game co-MVP in 2000. He won his 5th and final title of NBA in 2014, when he was 38. He retired after finishing his 19th season.

References

Other websites

African-American basketball players
Living people
San Antonio Spurs players
1976 births
National Basketball Association players with retired numbers
American basketball players
Spawn (biology)

Spawn is the eggs of some aquatic animals. Laying those eggs is called spawning. Animals that live in water, such as fish and amphibians, reproduce by spawning. When the spawn hatches, the young fish are called fry and the young amphibians are called tadpoles.

Fish
Amphibians
Sawbridgeworth

Sawbridgeworth is a small town in England. It is in Hertfordshire. This is between Harlow and Bishop's Stortford.

Towns in Hertfordshire
Abelisaurus

{{Automatic taxobox
| name = Abelisaurus
| fossil_range = Late Cretaceous, 
| image = Abelisaurus_skull.jpg
| image_caption = Reconstruction of the Abelisaurus skull with original bones of the holotype. Scale = 10 cm
| display_parents = 2
| taxon = Abelisaurus
| authority = Bonaparte & Novas, 1985
| type_species = Abelisaurus comahuensis
| type_species_authority = Bonaparte & Novas, 1985
| synonyms = ?Aucasaurus Coria, Chippe and Dingus, 2002
}}Abelisaurus is a genus of theropod dinosaur that lived in South America during the Upper Cretaceous period. There is one known species, Abelisaurus comahuensis. Abelisaurus was the first abelisaurid to be discovered, and gives its name to the family, the Abelisauridae. Abelisaurus is the type genus. Despite this, little is known about it. 

The first, and only, fossils discovered were several skull bones found in Argentina. Scientists put them back together in the lab to create a skull. The skull is similar to that of other members of its family. Like most abelisaurs, it is blunt and short in length, but tall in vertical height from a front view. Abelisaurus probably preyed on the large sauropod dinosaurs of the time, such as Amargasaurus, in packs. It may also have hunted smaller plant-eating dinosaurs, such as the small ornithopod Gasparinisaura''.

Abelisauridae
Dinosaurs of South America
Cretaceous dinosaurs
Gargoyleosaurus

Gargoyleosaurus ("gargoyle lizard") was an armoured ankylosaur which walked on four legs and had a stiff tail. It had a series of spikes running along each side of its body. Gargoyleosaurus was about 10 feet (3 m) long and was roughly 3.3 feet (1 m) tall to the top of the shoulder it may have weighed about a ton. 

Gargoyleosaurus is found in the  of the Morrison Formation (latest Upper Jurassic) in Wyoming. It lived about 155–144 million years ago.

Description 
This dinosaur had a long, narrow beak with teeth on both the upper and lower inner surface (most other ankylosaurs have teeth on only the lower beak). This plant-eater had protective body armour on the upper surface of its body and tail (hollow bony oval plates). 

Ankylosauria
John Boehner

John Andrew Boehner (pronounced /ˈbeɪnər/ BAY-nər; born November 17, 1949) is an American politician. Between 2011 and 2015, he was the Speaker of the United States House of Representatives.

Boehner is a member of the Republican Party.  He served in the Ohio State House from 1985 to 1990.  In 1990, he became a Congressman (a member of the United States House of Representatives). Boehner resigned in early October 2015. He was succeeded as Speaker by Paul Ryan on October 29, 2015.

Early life
Boehner was born in Reading, Ohio and was one of twelve brothers and sisters.  Boehner worked in his family's bar and briefly served in the United States Navy before graduating from Xavier University in 1977. Later, he was a small businessman.

Political career
He has been in politics since 1985. He represents the area north of Cincinnati, Ohio.  Boehner served as chair of several important committees before becoming Minority Leader in 2006.  While minority leader, Boehner was one of the main people who were critical of President Obama.  When the Republicans took back the House of Representatives in the 2010 elections, Boehner became Speaker of the House.

In September 2015, Boehner said he would step down as Speaker and that his resignation would be in effect on October 30. His resignation became in effect on October 29 with Paul Ryan succeeding him.

References

Other websites

 Speaker John Boehner official site for the Speaker's Office
 Congressman John Boehner  official U.S. House site
 Friends of John Boehner official campaign site
 The Freedom Project political action committee

1949 births
Living people
US Republican Party politicians
American Roman Catholics
United States representatives from Ohio
Speakers of the United States House of Representatives
Majority leaders of the United States House of Representatives
Minority leaders of the United States House of Representatives
Nanosaurus

Nanosaurus ("small or dwarf lizard") was an ornithopod dinosaur that measured about 4 ft (1.1 m) long, weighing about 50 pounds (22.5 kg). Othnielia had a horny beak and a small skull with self-sharpening cheek teeth. Othnielia may have had cheek pouches. 

This plant eater was bipedal (walked on two legs). It had thin legs and a stiffened tail that gave it speed and agility. It had five-fingered hands and four-toed feet, all clawed. It had large eyes and short arms. Othnielia resembled Hypsilophodon. Its fossils (two partial skeletons and teeth) were found in Colorado and Utah in rocks of the Late Jurassic age. 

Jurassic dinosaurs
Hypsilophodontidae
Coelurus

Coelurus (meaning "hollow") is a poorly known genus. It was perhaps a bipedal theropod dinosaur 6 feet (1.8 m) long, weighing roughly 20 kg. Its femur (thigh bone) was 55 cm long. It was a carnivore that lived during the late Jurassic period, about 156 to 145 million years ago. Its bones were hollow and lightweight, so Coelurus was probably light and fast. Its fossils were found in Wyoming. Coelurus was named by paleontologist Othniel C. Marsh in 1879.

Coelurosaurs
Club Baloncesto Breogán

Club Baloncesto Breogán is a galician basketball team. It was founded in 1966. The team currently plays in league ACB, but in the past the team participated in European competitions.

Major Trophies 
 LEB Oro (LEB Gold) : 3 (Record)
 1998/99, 2017/18, 2020/21
 Prince's Cup of Basketball: 3 (Record)
 2007/08, 2017/18, 2020/21
 Copa Galicia de Baloncesto (Galician League): 13 (Record)
 1986, 1987, 1998, 2000, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2018, 2021

Current Squad 
This is the 2010-11 Breogán's squad.
 4. James Feldeine (6 ft 4 in)
 5. Eric Hayes (6 ft 4 in)
 6. Jordi Vallmajó (6 ft 3 in)
 7. Camilo Riveiro (6 ft 6.5 in)
 8. Arnette Hallman (6 ft 6 in)
 9. Cliff Brown (6 ft 7 in)
 10. Brandon Polk (6 ft 7 in)
 12. Óliver Arteaga (6 ft 10.3 in)
 13. Xavi Forcada (6 ft 4.7 in)
 14. José Amador (6 ft 11 in)
 15. Betinho (6 ft 6.2 in)
 President:
 Jesús Lázare
 Head coach:
 Natxo Lezkano

Famous Players 
 Santi Abad
 Jeff Adrien
 José Miguel Antúnez
 Charlie Bell
 Tanoka Beard
 Anthony Bonner
 Devin Davis
 James Donaldson
 Greg Foster
 Nikola Lončar
 Pete Mickeal
 Velimir Perasović
 Manel Sánchez

Famous Coaches 
 Andreu Casadevall
 Moncho López

References 

Sport in Spain
Basketball teams
XPilot

XPilot is multiplayer 2D space action video game. It is an open source game, and its first version was released in 1991.

Development 
XPilot was created in 1991 by Bjørn Stabell and Ken Ronny Schouten, students in computer science at the Tromsø university (Norway), as a multiplayer game similar to Thrust. They received a lot of patches and feedback when they released the first public version. The game has been improved a lot by players from all the world and has many contributors. Originally only available on UNIX, it was ported on the Mac OS and Microsoft Windows. It has been forked and new versions appeared: XPilot 5 and XPilot NG (Next Generation).

In 2009 a version was released for iPhone and iTouch. Several projects are currently in progress: a Java version of XPilot, an optimisate version for the Blood's Music map and a project to improve the artificial intelligence.

References

Other websites

 Official page of the original XPilot
 Page of XPilot 5 and XPilot NT
 Page of XPilot NG
 XPilot iPhone
 Java XPilot Client

1991 video games
Andrei Kolkoutine

Andrei Kolkoutine ( born in 1957 in Smolyaninovo, Primorsky Krai) is a Russian artist. In 1982 Kolkoutine graduated at the Repin Academy of Arts in Leningrad, named after Ilya Repin. Kolkoutine lives in southern Russia in the town of Nalchik. 
He belongs to the art group " FOSTER BROTHERS " together with two other artists - Andrey Efi and Eugeny Lindin.
The medium of his paintings is usually oil on canvas, but Kolkoutine also made a few sculptures and prints. Besides Russia, Kolkoutine has made exhibitions in Denmark, Germany, France and other European countries as well as the United States.

Style 
Kolkoutine settled into his current characteristic style by the end of the 1980s in which he mixes traditions from the Russian icons with other art styles: suprematism from Malevich, cubism and naïve art. Kolkoutine states that he sought the special tones of colours which are seen in the old Russian icons, and he developed a method for making these tones by pasting a layer of neutral grey paint on the canvas before painting the colours. Geometrical and abstract elements are combined with figurative elements. Buildings and playing cards may appear at the bottom of the paintings as well as Cyrillic letters. Frames in different colours surrounding the motifs are often oblique.

Motifs 
Often the motifs are either stylized biblical or simple working people from the Russian province; according to Kolkoutine the biblical characters are in principle the same kind as the provincial people (Bjørnager, 2006). The biblical motifs are also a reflection of his origin; they are distinctly orthodox. Jekatarina Seleznjova states that in her opinion the fundamental question asks in his paintings is ”Why are we here?” (Seleznjova, 2007), and thus despite the culturally characteristic motifs, Kolkoutine's paintings are supposed to touch something universally human. Kolkoutines paintings are both simple and complicated it is said.

References 
 Bjørnager, Kjeld: Andrei Kolkoutine: Signs and deeds from the Russian Province. Ganymed Publishers, 2006
 Kolkoutine, Andrej: Pictures from the Russian Province (kartiny russkoj provincii
 Kolkutin, Andrej), Ganymed Publishers, 1997
 Seleznjova, Jekaterina. ‘Andrei Kolkoutine’, 2007, Galerie Moderne, Silkeborg 
 Galerie Moderne: ’Kolkoutine’ 2001
 Eveleigh, Romilly. ”Postmodern Icon” April 1, 2005

Other websites 
 Homepage of Andrei Kolkoutine 
 Homepage of the "Foster Brothers" 

Living people
Russian painters
1957 births
Phyllis Schlafly

Phyllis Schlafly (August 15, 1924 in St. Louis, Missouri - September 5, 2016 in Ladue, Missouri) was an American conservative. She was a political activist, author, and constutional attorney. 

Her best-selling book, A Choice, Not an Echo, was written in 1964. The book was about corruption in the Republican Party and how people with lot of money unfairly influenced elections. She was a big supporter of Barry Goldwater, who was the Republican Party's nominee for president in 1964. Goldwater had beaten Nelson Rockefeller, a more moderate candidate backed by big money. Although Goldwater would lose the 1964 election to Lyndon Johnson, the campaign helped start the modern conservative movement. Starting in 1967, she published her own newspaper, the Phyllis Schlafly Report. When the Equal Rights Amendment was passed by congress, she organized a campaign against it. Schlafly argued that the amendment would not actually help women, often pointing out that it would force women to be drafted. After a long and controversial debate, the amendment was not added to the Constitution. Schlafly is usually considered the main force that stopped it. She is very critical of the feminist movement, saying that "it teaches women to be victims." She helped with Ronald Reagan's campaign for the presidency in 1980. Schlafly remained active in politics until her death. 

Schlafly died at the age of 92 in Ladue, Missouri of pancreatic cancer.

1924 births
2016 deaths
Deaths from pancreatic cancer
American columnists
American conservatives
Lawyers from St. Louis, Missouri
American political activists
Politicians from St. Louis, Missouri
Writers from St. Louis, Missouri