cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Alkaloid

An alkaloid is a chemical compounds that can be made naturally. They contain basic nitrogen atoms. The name comes from the word alkaline and was used to describe any alkaline containing nitrogen. Alkaloids are made by a large variety of organisms, such as bacteria, fungi, plants, and animals and are part of the group of natural products (also called secondary metabolites). Many alkaloids can be purified from basic substances by acid-base extraction. Many alkaloids are toxic to other organisms. Some alkaloids have a bitter taste.

Well-known alkaloids 
All of the following alkaloids are produced by flowering plants. They are one of the main ways plants reduce or avoid being eaten by herbivores.
 Cocaine, used as an anesthetic and a stimulant, is an illegal drug when it is not used medically.
 Caffeine, used as a stimulant, is used as something addictive in coffee or tea. In this case and the following, herbivores can eat the leaves but they get heart palpitations if they eat too many.
 Nicotine, used as a stimulant in cigarettes, can also be used to treat certain forms of epilepsy.
 Morphine is widely used to subdue severe pain. In a special slow-release form, it is sometimes used to help people get away drug addiction.
 Quinine, used to treat certain forms of malaria, is sometimes used to give food a bitter taste.
 Curare, the poison dart substance, is originally a plant product from  Strychnos toxifera, which is later concentrated in poison dart frogs.
 Strychnine and brucine are toxic alkaloids produced by Strychnos nux-vomica. This is a close relative of S. toxifera.

References 

Chemical compounds
Biochemistry
Quinine

Quinine  is an alkaloid which can reduce fever, work against malaria, pain and swelling. The bark of the Cinchona family of trees contains quinine. Quinine can be made artificially, but this is more expensive than extracting it from the bark of the tree.  This tree is found in the Andes, South America, Indonesia, and Congo.

Quinine was the first treatment for malaria, known from 1631 in Europe, and probably much earlier to the native peoples of South America. Even today, quinine is used to treat certain forms of malaria, when other drugs fail or are unavailable. In that way, quinine is currently one of the best treatments for malaria tropica, which is caused by plasmodium falciparum. For the other forms of malaria, quinine is no longer used, as other drugs have replaced it.

History 
Quinine relaxes muscles, and was used by the Inca of Peru to stop people from shivering. Europeans first reported using quinine against malaria in Rome in 1631.

The best type of quinine used to treat malaria was found by Charles Marie de La Condamine in 1737. Quinine helped Europeans colonize Africa. A historian said that "it was quinine ... that gave colonists fresh opportunities to swarm into the Gold Coast, Nigeria and other parts of west Africa".

Side effects 
Quinine can cause cinchonism and even death (usually by pulmonary oedema) in some cases. Quinine can make someone paralyzed if it is injected into a nerve.  It is very toxic in overdose.

Current uses
Quinine has a bitter taste. It was first added to drinks like Bitter Lemon and Tonic Water Quinine was added to have some protection against Malaria. In China, it is sometimes added to drugs against the Common cold. Quinine is also often used to add a bitter taste to food. Usually this has to be declared though. Quinine can also stimulate the muscles of the uterus. For this reason, pregnant women should not take too much of it. Sometimes it is used in combination with Heroin.

Related pages
Pharmacology

References

Other websites 

 From intox databank
 From inchem
 Database file on Quinine from rain-tree.com
 Quinine news page - Alcohol and Drugs History Society

Chemical compounds
Drugs
Progressive bluegrass

Progressive bluegrass is a type of bluegrass music which became popular in the 1960s and 1970s. The four important elements (not always all present) of progressive bluegrass are instrumentation (usually including electric instruments, drums, piano, and more), songs imported or styles imitated from other musical genres (like jazz, rock and others), non-traditional chord progressions, and lengthy "jam band"-style improvisation.

Bands such as Nickel Creek produce music in this style.

Music genres
Hot Country Songs

Hot Country Songs is a chart published weekly by Billboard magazine in the United States.

This 60-position chart lists the most popular country music songs, calculated weekly mostly by airplay and occasionally commercial sales. Currently, the chart does not count digital downloads towards chart tabulation (although singles that are only available as downloads do chart if they receive enough airplay).

Record charts
Neverland

Neverland is a fictional island that is the setting for the novel Peter Pan by J.M. Barrie. Peter Pan, his gang of "Lost Boys" and Tinkerbell, the fairy, live on Neverland. A gang of pirates led by Captain Hook and a band of Native Americans ("redskins" in the story) also live on the island.

Neverland is a land of fantasy where no one gets older and Peter Pan remains a child forever. To reach Neverland, Peter Pan states one must fly "second to the right, and straight on till morning".

Related pages
Peter Pan

Fictional locations
International Bluegrass Music Association

The International Bluegrass Music Association, or IBMA, is a trade association to promote bluegrass music.

Formed in 1985, IBMA established its first headquarters in Owensboro, Kentucky.  In 1988 they announced plans to create the International Bluegrass Music Museum as a joint venture with RiverPark Center in Owensboro.  In 1990 IBMA established the World of Bluegrass, a combination trade show, concert, and awards presentation.  This was originally set in Owensboro, before moving to Louisville, Kentucky in 1997.  Nashville, Tennessee hosted this event in 2005 and 2006, and will continue as the host location in the future.  In 1991 IBMA established the International Bluegrass Music Hall of Honor at the International Bluegrass Music Museum to recognize lifetime contributions to bluegrass, both by performers and non-performers.  In 2003 IBMA relocated its offices to Nashville, Tennessee.

Other websites 
 IBMA: http://www.ibma.org

Music industry
Country Music Association Awards

The Country Music Association Awards, also known as the CMA Awards, or the CMAs, are music awards voted on by business members of the Country Music Association.

Major awards

Music awards
The Used

The Used are an American post hardcore band. They formed in the year 2000 and have released a number of albums since then. Their first album was called The Used. Their latest album is called Heartwork, and was released in 2020.

They have always been signed to one record label named Reprise. In 2004, singer Bert McCracken's girlfriend at the time was pregnant with their child and she died from a drug overdose. For that reason, their second album was named In Love and Death. Around that time, the band also took on a new drummer.

2000s American music groups
2010s American music groups
American rock bands
Post-hardcore bands
Emo bands
Musical groups from Utah
2000 establishments in the United States
Musical groups established in 2000
20th-century establishments in Utah
Koudougou

Koudougou is a city in Burkina Faso. It is the third largest city in Burkina Faso. A census taken in 2006 stated that 82,720 people lived in the city; 40,229 were male and 42,491 were female.

References

Cities in Burkina Faso
Banfora

Banfora is a city in Burkina Faso. It is the fourth largest city in Burkina Faso. A census taken in 2006 stated that 72,144 people lived in the city; 36,392 were male and 35,752 were female.

References

Cities in Burkina Faso
Ouahigouya

Ouahigouya is a city in Burkina Faso. It is the fifth largest city in Burkina Faso. A census taken in 2006 stated that 70,957 people lived in the city; 35,017 were male and 35,940 were female.

References

Cities in Burkina Faso
Chirality

Chirality is when an object is present in two forms which are mirror images of each other.

The two forms cannot be superimposed. Human hands are chiral. The left hand is a mirror image of the right hand. You cannot turn or move one of your hands to look exactly the same as the other. This is why you can not put a left handed glove on your right hand, or shake the right hand of a person using your left hand.

In chemistry 
In chemistry, chirality refers to molecules. If a molecule is chiral it has two forms that are mirror images of each other but otherwise identical.

Chemists call these enantiomers or optical isomers. Because the difference between right and left hands is easy to understand, chemists call enantiomers either 'right-' or 'left-handed'. A mixture of equal amounts of the two enantiomers is called a racemic mixture.

Molecular chirality is quite common. It is found in stereochemistry, inorganic chemistry, organic chemistry, physical chemistry, and biochemistry.

The symmetry of a molecule (or any other object) tells us whether it is chiral.  A molecule is achiral (not chiral) if it has an axis of symmetry.

Racemic mixtures 
A racemic mixture is one which has equal amounts of left- and right-handed enantiomers of a chiral molecule.

Homochiralism in biology 
Many biologically active molecules are chiral, including amino acids (the building blocks of proteins) and sugars. Most of these compounds are of the same chirality. Most amino acids are L (left-handed) and sugars are D. (right-handed). Proteins made of L amino acids, are known as left-handed proteins, whereas D amino acids produce right-handed proteins.

The origin of homochirality in the first place is much discussed. Most believe that the original origin of chiralities was purely random. They think if carbon-based life forms exist elsewhere in the universe, the chemistry might have different chirality. Other theories are possible.

Enzymes, which are chiral, usually only work with one enantiomer of a chiral substrate. Imagine an enzyme as having a glove-like cavity that binds a substrate. If this glove is right-handed, then one enantiomer will fit inside and be bound, whereas the other enantiomer will have a poor fit and is unlikely to bind.

It was economical for life-forms to adopt one form or the other of each type of chiral compound. That way we do not need two enzymes for every chemical reaction which involves chirality.

Notes 

Stereochemistry
Londrina

Londrina is a city in Brazil. It is found in the northern area of the state of Paraná. It is 369 km away from the capital, Curitiba. Londrina has 510.707 people living in the city. This makes it the second biggest city of Paraná and the third biggest city in Southern Brazil.

Cities in Paraná State
Kaya

Kaya is a city in Burkina Faso. It is the sixth largest city in Burkina Faso. A census taken in 2006 stated that 51,778 people lived in the city; 25,898 were male and 25,880 were female.

References

Cities in Burkina Faso
Superimposition

In graphics, superimposition is when an image or video is put on top of an already-existing image or video. This is  usually done to add to the overall image effect or to hide something (such as when a different face is superimposed over the original face in a photograph). 

This technique is used in cartography to produce photomaps by superimposing grid lines, contour lines and other linear or textual mapping features over aerial photographs.

Superimposition of 2D images containing correlated periodic grid structures may produce moiré patterns. Superimposition of two correlated layers comprising parallel lines or curves may give rise line moiré patterns. The movement of one of the layers results in a faster movement of the line moiré superimposition image. Such optical acceleration is known as moiré speedup (check for the formulas of optical speedup for curved patterns). When superimposing two identical layers comprising randomly spaced parallel lines, at a small angle or with a small scaling difference random line moiré patterns, namely line Glass patterns (after Leon Glass, 1969) appear. Similarly, when superimposing two identical layers of randomly scattered dots at a small angle or with a small scaling difference random dot Glass patterns, namely random dot moiré, appears. When one of the layers embeds complex shapes, such as sequences of symbols forming a text, and another layer contains parallel lines or curves, the superimposition image may gives rise to magnified shapes, called shape moiré patterns.

Graphics
Printmaking
Maringá

Maringá is the third largest city in the state of Paraná, in the Southern Region of Brazil. About 400,000 people live there. It has an area of 3,179.987 km² (1,227.8 sq mi).

Cities in Paraná State
Tenkodogo

Tenkodogo is a city in Burkina Faso. It is the seventh largest city in Burkina Faso. A census taken in 2006 stated that 40,839 people lived in the city; 20,093 were male and 20,756 were female.

References 

Cities in Burkina Faso
Fada N'gourma

Fada N'gourma is a city in Burkina Faso. It is the eighth largest city in Burkina Faso. A census taken in 2006 stated that 40,815 people lived in the city; 20,796 were male and 20,019 were female.

References

Cities in Burkina Faso
Ponta Grossa

Ponta Grossa is a Brazilian city, in the southern region of the country, in the state of Paraná. With a population of over 300,000 inhabitants, it is the 4th most populated city of Paraná.

The city is home town of the Parque Estadual da Vila Velha ("State Park of Old Town"), a park made up of rocky formations formed over millions of years.

Other attraction of the city is the Münchenfest - A National Stout Festival with national and international concerts that lasts a whole week and occurs at late November and the beginning of December.

Cities in Paraná State
Dédougou

Dédougou is a city in Burkina Faso. It is the ninth largest city in Burkina Faso. A census taken in 2006 stated that 37,793 people lived in the city; 18,778 were male and 19,015 were female.

References

Cities in Burkina Faso
Houndé

Houndé is a city in Burkina Faso. It is the tenth largest city in Burkina Faso. A census taken in 2006 stated that 34,669 people lived in the city; 17,418 were male and 17,251 were female.

References

Cities in Burkina Faso
Foz do Iguaçu

Foz do Iguaçu (fɔs do igwa'su) is the 4th largest city of Paraná state, in the south region of Brazil. 309,000 people live there. It is about  west of Curitiba, Parana's capital city, on the border with Argentina and Paraguay. The people who live there are known as iguaçuenses.

The city is known for the Iguaçu Falls and the Itaipu Dam, the largest dam of the world was built.

Cities in Paraná State
Cascavel

Cascavel is a city in western Paraná state, in the south region of Brazil. It has, approximately 300.000 inhabitants.

The city is on a plateau 781 meters above sea level. It is 504 km west of the state capital of Curitiba, 605 km west of the sea port of Paranaguá and 140 km from Foz do Iguaçu/ the 3 borders (Paraguay, Argentina and Brazil).

Cities in Paraná State
Julen Guerrero

Julen Guerrero (born 7 January, 1974) is a former Spanish football player. He has played for Athletic Bilbao and Spain national team.

Club career statistics

|-
|1992-93||rowspan="14"|Athletic Bilbao||rowspan="14"|La Liga||37||10
|-
|1993-94||36||12
|-
|1994-95||27||7
|-
|1995-96||33||12
|-
|1996-97||34||9
|-
|1997-98||33||8
|-
|1998-99||36||12
|-
|1999-00||32||9
|-
|2000-01||27||7
|-
|2001-02||20||4
|-
|2002-03||14||2
|-
|2003-04||14||1
|-
|2004-05||12||3
|-
|2005-06||17||0
372||96
372||96
|}

International career statistics

|-
|1993||6||4
|-
|1994||8||0
|-
|1995||6||3
|-
|1996||9||3
|-
|1997||1||0
|-
|1998||2||0
|-
|1999||6||3
|-
|2000||3||0
|-
!Total||41||13
|}

References

1974 births
Living people
Spanish footballers
Emile Heskey

Emile William Ivanhoe Heskey (born 11 January 1978) is an English footballer. He currently plays for Bolton Wanderers in the Football League Championship. 

At the pinnacle of his career, he played for Leicester City, Liverpool and Birmingham City. he later he played for Wigan Athletic and Aston Villa, then Newcastle Jets in the Australian A-League. For a while he was a regular member of the England national team, striking up a good partnership with fellow forward Michael Owen, where he was often deployed as a 'Target Man' due to his immense strength, good first touch and passing skills.

Career statistics

Club

International

International goals

References 

1978 births
Living people
2002 FIFA World Cup players
2010 FIFA World Cup players
Aston Villa F.C. players
Black British sportspeople
Liverpool F.C. players
Sportspeople from Leicester
Jan Koller

Jan Koller (born March 30 1973) is a Czech football player. He plays for Cannes and Czech Republic national team.

Club career statistics

|-
|1994/95||rowspan="2"|Sparta Prague||rowspan="2"|Gambrinus liga||6||1||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||6||1
|-
|1995/96||23||4||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||23||4

|-
|1996/97||rowspan="3"|Lokeren Oost-Vlaanderen||rowspan="3"|First Division||31||8||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||31||8
|-
|1997/98||33||11||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||33||11
|-
|1998/99||33||24||5||3||colspan="2"|-||38||27
|-
|1999/00||rowspan="2"|Anderlecht||rowspan="2"|First Division||33||20||12||10||colspan="2"|-||45||30
|-
|2000/01||32||22||5||2||13||4||50||28

|-
|2001/02||rowspan="5"|Borussia Dortmund||rowspan="5"|Bundesliga||32||11||1||0||13||6||46||17
|-
|2002/03||34||13||colspan="2"|-||12||8||46||21
|-
|2003/04||32||16||colspan="2"|-||3||0||35||16
|-
|2004/05||30||15||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||30||15
|-
|2005/06||9||4||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||9||4

|-
|2006/07||rowspan="2"|Monaco||rowspan="2"|Ligue 1||32||8||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||32||8
|-
|2007/08||18||4||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||18||4

|-
|2007/08||Nürnberg||Bundesliga||14||2||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||14||2

|-
|2008||rowspan="2"|Krylia Sovetov Samara||rowspan="2"|Premier League||18||7||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||18||7
|-
|2009||28||9||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||28||9

|-
|2009/10||Cannes||Ligue 1||||||||||||||||
29||5||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||29||5
162||85||22||15||13||4||197||104
151||61||1||0||28||14||180||75
50||12||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||50||12
46||16||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||46||16
438||179||23||15||41||18||502||212
|}

International career statistics

|-
|1999||10||9
|-
|2000||11||6
|-
|2001||7||0
|-
|2002||9||5
|-
|2003||9||7
|-
|2004||14||6
|-
|2005||6||7
|-
|2006||8||7
|-
|2007||9||4
|-
|2008||7||4
|-
|2009||1||0
|-
!Total||91||55
|}

References

1973 births
Living people
Czech footballers
Rüştü Reçber

Rüştü Reçber (born 10 May 1973) is a Turkish football player. He plays for Beşiktaş and Turkey national team.

Club career statistics

|-
|1991/92||rowspan="3"|Antalyaspor||||1||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||1||0
|-
|1992/93||||1||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||1||0
|-
|1993/94||||33||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||33||0
|-
|1994/95||rowspan="9"|Fenerbahçe||rowspan="9"|Süper Lig||9||0||8||0||colspan="2"|-||17||0
|-
|1995/96||29||0||11||0||colspan="2"|-||40||0
|-
|1996/97||28||0||8||0||colspan="2"|-||36||0
|-
|1997/98||33||0||5||0||colspan="2"|-||38||0
|-
|1998/99||30||0||5||0||colspan="2"|-||35||0
|-
|1999/00||25||0||9||0||colspan="2"|-||34||0
|-
|2000/01||33||0||8||0||colspan="2"|-||41||0
|-
|2001/02||30||0||12||0||colspan="2"|-||42||0
|-
|2002/03||24||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||24||0

|-
|2003/04||Barcelona||La Liga||4||0||colspan="2"|-||3||0||7||0

|-
|2004/05||rowspan="3"|Fenerbahçe||rowspan="3"|Süper Lig||29||0||colspan="2"|-||6||0||35||0
|-
|2005/06||17||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||17||0
|-
|2006/07||8||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||8||0
|-
|2007/08||rowspan="3"|Beşiktaş||rowspan="3"|Süper Lig||22||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||22||0
|-
|2008/09||28||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||28||0
|-
|2009/10||||||||||||||||
380||0||66||0||6||0||452||0
4||0||colspan="2"|-||3||0||7||0
384||0||66||0||9||0||459||0
|}

International career statistics

|-
|1994||2||0
|-
|1995||11||0
|-
|1996||10||0
|-
|1997||7||0
|-
|1998||5||0
|-
|1999||7||0
|-
|2000||9||0
|-
|2001||10||0
|-
|2002||13||0
|-
|2003||13||0
|-
|2004||12||0
|-
|2005||4||0
|-
|2006||10||0
|-
|2007||2||0
|-
|2008||3||0
|-
|2009||1||0
|-
!Total||119||0
|}

References

1973 births
Living people
Turkish footballers
Association football goalkeepers
William Regal

Darren Kenneth Matthews (born May 10, 1968) also known by his ring name William Regal, is an English professional wrestler, currently signed to the World Wrestling Entertainment where he is the commissioner of the NXT brand.

References

Matthews, Darren and Chandler, Neil (2005) Walking a Golden Mile, Pocket Books ()

1968 births
Living people
WWE wrestlers
English professional wrestlers
Bryan Robson

Bryan Robson is a former football player born on 11 January 1957. He has played for England national team.

Club career statistics

|-
|1974-75||rowspan="8"|West Bromwich Albion||rowspan="2"|Second Division||3||2
|-
|1975-76||16||1
|-
|1976-77||rowspan="6"|First Division||23||8
|-
|1977-78||35||3
|-
|1978-79||41||7
|-
|1979-80||35||9
|-
|1980-81||40||10
|-
|1981-82||5||0
|-
|1981-82||rowspan="13"|Manchester United||rowspan="11"|First Division||32||5
|-
|1982-83||33||10
|-
|1983-84||33||12
|-
|1984-85||33||9
|-
|1985-86||21||7
|-
|1986-87||30||7
|-
|1987-88||36||11
|-
|1988-89||34||4
|-
|1989-90||20||2
|-
|1990-91||17||1
|-
|1991-92||27||4
|-
|1992-93||rowspan="2"|Premier League||14||1
|-
|1993-94||15||1
|-
|1994-95||rowspan="2"|Middlesbrough||First Division||25||1
|-
|1995-96||Premier League||0||0
568||115
568||115
|}

International career statistics

|-
|1980||5||0
|-
|1981||9||1
|-
|1982||12||5
|-
|1983||3||3
|-
|1984||10||5
|-
|1985||10||2
|-
|1986||5||2
|-
|1987||7||3
|-
|1988||11||1
|-
|1989||10||4
|-
|1990||5||0
|-
|1991||3||0
|-
!Total||90||26
|}

References

1957 births
Living people
English footballers
English football managers
Manchester United F.C. players
Sportspeople from County Durham
Premier League players
Robbie Fowler

Robbie Fowler (born 9 April 1975) is an English former professional football player.

Club career statistics 

|-
|1993/94||rowspan="9"|Liverpool||rowspan="9"|Premier League||28||12||1||0||5||6||0||0||34||18
|-
|1994/95||42||25||7||2||8||4||0||0||57||31
|-
|1995/96||38||28||7||6||4||2||4||0||53||36
|-
|1996/97||32||18||1||1||4||5||7||7||44||31
|-
|1997/98||20||9||1||0||4||3||3||1||28||13
|-
|1998/99||25||14||2||1||2||1||6||2||35||18
|-
|1999/00||14||3||0||0||0||0||0||0||14||3
|-
|2000/01||27||8||5||2||5||6||11||1||48||17
|-
|2001/02||10||3||0||0||0||0||7||1||17||4
|-
|2001/02||rowspan="2"|Leeds United||rowspan="2"|Premier League||22||12||1||0||0||0||0||0||23||12
|-
|2002/03||8||2||1||0||0||0||1||0||10||2
|-
|2002/03||rowspan="4"|Manchester City||rowspan="4"|Premier League||13||2||0||0||0||0||0||0||13||2
|-
|2003/04||31||7||4||1||2||1||4||1||41||10
|-
|2004/05||32||10||0||0||1||1||0||0||33||11
|-
|2005/06||4||1||1||3||0||0||0||0||5||4
|-
|2005/06||rowspan="2"|Liverpool||rowspan="2"|Premier League||13||5||0||0||0||0||2||0||15||5
|-
|2006/07||16||3||0||0||3||2||2||2||20||7
|-
|2007/08||Cardiff City||League Championship||13||4||0||0||3||2||0||0||16||6
|-
|2008/09||Blackburn Rovers||Premier League||3||0||0||0||3||0||0||0||6||0

|-
|2009/10||North Queensland Fury||A-League||||||||||||||||||||
390||165||31||16||44||33||47||15||510||230
0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
390||165||31||16||44||33||47||15||510||230
|}

International career statistics 

|-
|1996||5||0
|-
|1997||2||2
|-
|1998||1||0
|-
|1999||3||0
|-
|2000||4||1
|-
|2001||7||2
|-
|2002||4||2
|-
!Total||26||7
|}

References 

1975 births
Living people
English footballers
English football managers
Sportspeople from Liverpool
Premier League players
Hernán Crespo

Hernán Crespo (born 5 July 1975) is an Argentine football player. He plays for Parma.

Club career statistics 

|-
|1993/94||rowspan="3"|River Plate||rowspan="3"|Primera División||25||13||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||3||0||28||13
|-
|1994/95||18||5||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||4||2||22||7
|-
|1995/96||19||6||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||13||10||32||16

|-
|1996/97||rowspan="4"|Parma||rowspan="4"|Serie A||27||12||1||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||28||12
|-
|1997/98||25||12||2||0||colspan="2"|-||8||2||35||14
|-
|1998/99||30||16||7||6||colspan="2"|-||8||6||45||28
|-
|1999/00||34||22||2||0||colspan="2"|-||5||3||42||25
|-
|2000/01||rowspan="2"|Lazio||rowspan="2"|Serie A||32||26||1||0||colspan="2"|-||6||2||39||28
|-
|2001/02||22||13||4||4||colspan="2"|-||7||3||33||20
|-
|2002/03||Internazionale Milano||Serie A||18||7||0||0||colspan="2"|-||12||9||30||16

|-
|2003/04||Chelsea||Premier League||19||10||0||0||2||0||10||2||31||12

|-
|2004/05||Milan||Serie A||28||11||1||1||colspan="2"|-||10||6||39||18

|-
|2005/06||Chelsea||Premier League||30||10||5||1||1||0||5||2||41||13

|-
|2006/07||rowspan="3"|Internazionale Milano||rowspan="3"|Serie A||29||14||4||4||colspan="2"|-||6||1||39||19
|-
|2007/08||19||4||5||2||colspan="2"|-||5||1||29||7
|-
|2008/09||14||2||3||0||colspan="2"|-||0||0||17||2
|-
|2009/10||Genoa||Serie A||16||5||1||0||colspan="2"|-||4||2||21||7
|-
|2009/10||Parma||Serie A||||||||||||||||||||
62||24||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||20||12||82||36
294||144||31||17||colspan="2"|-||73||33||398||196
49||20||5||1||3||0||15||4||71||25
405||188||36||18||3||0||108||51||550||257
|}

International career statistics 

|-
|1995||1||0
|-
|1996||2||0
|-
|1997||9||3
|-
|1998||3||3
|-
|1999||4||1
|-
|2000||8||4
|-
|2001||6||6
|-
|2002||4||2
|-
|2003||5||3
|-
|2004||4||1
|-
|2005||7||6
|-
|2006||6||3
|-
|2007||5||3
|-
!Total||64||35
|}

References 

1975 births
Living people
Argentine footballers
Kevin Keegan

Kevin Keegan (born 14 February 1951) is a former English football player. He has played for England national team in the seventies.

Club career statistics 

|-
|1968/69||rowspan="3"|Scunthorpe United||rowspan="3"|Fourth Division||33||2||1||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||35||2
|-
|1969/70||46||6||7||3||1||0||colspan="2"|-||54||9
|-
|1970/71||45||10||6||0||1||1||colspan="2"|-||52||11
|-
|1971/72||rowspan="6"|Liverpool||rowspan="6"|First Division||35||9||3||2||1||0||3||0||42||11
|-
|1972/73||41||13||4||0||8||5||11||4||64||22
|-
|1973/74||42||12||9||6||6||1||4||0||61||19
|-
|1974/75||33||10||2||1||3||0||3||1||41||12
|-
|1975/76||41||12||2||1||3||0||11||3||57||16
|-
|1976/77||38||12||8||4||2||0||8||4||56||20

|-
|1977/78||rowspan="3"|Hamburger SV||rowspan="3"|Bundesliga||25||6||4||4||colspan="2"|-||4||2||33||12
|-
|1978/79||34||17||1||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||35||17
|-
|1979/80||31||9||3||0||colspan="2"|-||9||2||43||11

|-
|1980/81||rowspan="2"|Southampton||rowspan="2"|First Division||27||11||4||1||1||0||colspan="2"|-||32||12
|-
|1981/82||41||26||1||1||2||1||4||2||48||30
|-
|1982/83||rowspan="2"|Newcastle United||rowspan="2"|Second Division||37||21||2||0||2||0||colspan="2"|-||41||21
|-
|1983/84||41||27||1||0||2||1||colspan="2"|-||44||28
500||171||50||19||36||9||44||14||720||245
90||32||8||4||colspan="2"|-||13||4||111||40
590||203||58||23||36||9||57||18||831||285
|}

International career statistics 

|-
|1972||1||0
|-
|1973||1||0
|-
|1974||7||2
|-
|1975||8||2
|-
|1976||9||2
|-
|1977||8||2
|-
|1978||6||3
|-
|1979||8||5
|-
|1980||6||3
|-
|1981||5||1
|-
|1982||4||1
|-
!Total||63||21
|}

References 

1951 births
Living people
English footballers
English football managers
England national football team managers
People from South Yorkshire
Bob Holly

Robert William "Bob" Howard (born January 29, 1963) better known by his ring name Hardcore Holly, is an American professional wrestler. He is best known for his 15-year job he had with  World Wrestling Entertainment.

While in WWF/E, Holly has held the WWF/E Hardcore Championship six times, the WWF/E Tag Team Championship three times (with the 1-2-3 Kid, Crash Holly and Cody Rhodes), and the NWA World Tag Team Championship once with Bart Gunn.

American professional wrestlers
Sportspeople from California
1963 births
Living people
People from Glendale, California
Raúl González

Raúl González Blanco (born 27 June 1977) is a retired Spanish football player.

Path

Raúl started his career as a professional football player at Real Madrid. He has won three UEFA Champions Leagues, six Spanish leagues, four Spanish Super Cups, one UEFA Super Cup and two Intercontinental Cups. At the moment, he is the top scorer at European competitions.

Club career statistics 

|-
|1994/95||rowspan="16"|Real Madrid||rowspan="16"|La Liga||28||9||2||1||colspan="2"|-||30||10
|-
|1995/96||40||19||2||1||8||6||50||26
|-
|1996/97||42||21||5||1||colspan="2"|-||47||22
|-
|1997/98||35||10||1||0||12||2||48||12
|-
|1998/99||37||25||2||0||8||3||47||28
|-
|1999/00||34||17||4||0||16||11||54||28
|-
|2000/01||36||24||0||0||12||7||48||31
|-
|2001/02||35||14||6||6||13||6||54||26
|-
|2002/03||31||16||2||0||12||9||45||25
|-
|2003/04||35||11||7||6||9||2||51||19
|-
|2004/05||32||9||1||0||10||4||43||13
|-
|2005/06||27||5||0||0||6||2||33||7
|-
|2006/07||35||7||1||0||7||5||43||12
|-
|2007/08||37||18||1||0||8||5||46||23
|-
|2008/09||37||18||1||3||7||3||45||24
|-
|2009/10||30||5||2||0||7||2||39||7

|-
|2010/11||rowspan="2"|FC Schalke 04||rowspan="2"|1. Bundesliga||34||13||4||1||12||5||51||19
|-
|2011/12||32||15||3||2||11||4||47||21
550||228||37||18||132||66||719||312
550||228||37||18||132||66||719||312
|}

International career statistics 

|-
|1996||4||1
|-
|1997||6||0
|-
|1998||10||4
|-
|1999||9||10
|-
|2000||11||3
|-
|2001||9||5
|-
|2002||9||6
|-
|2003||10||8
|-
|2004||13||3
|-
|2005||12||2
|-
|2006||9||2
|-
!Total||102||44
|}

References 

1977 births
Living people
Spanish footballers
Sportspeople from Madrid
Luís Figo

Luís Filipe Madeira Caeiro Figo OIH (born 4 November 1972) is a former Portuguese football player. He had played for Portugal national team and last played for Inter Milan.

Career Statistics

=Club Career

International Career

|-
|1991||3||0
|-
|1992||7||1
|-
|1993||5||0
|-
|1994||5||2
|-
|1995||6||1
|-
|1996||9||2
|-
|1997||7||2
|-
|1998||6||0
|-
|1999||9||4
|-
|2000||13||6
|-
|2001||9||9
|-
|2002||10||0
|-
|2003||10||3
|-
|2004||11||1
|-
|2005||7||0
|-
|2006||10||1
|-
!Total||127||32
|}

International goals
Scores and results list Portugal's goal tally first.

Honours

Club
Sporting CP
 Taça de Portugal: 1994–95

Barcelona
 La Liga: 1997–98, 1998–99
 Copa del Rey: 1997, 1998
 Supercopa de España: 1996
 UEFA Cup Winners' Cup: 1997
 UEFA Super Cup: 1997

Real Madrid
 La Liga: 2000–01, 2002–03
 Supercopa de España: 2001, 2003
 UEFA Champions League: 2002
 UEFA Super Cup: 2002
 Intercontinental Cup: 2002

Inter Milan
 Serie A: 2005–06, 2006–07, 2007–08, 2008–09
 Coppa Italia: 2006
 Supercoppa Italiana: 2006, 2008

Individual
 UEFA Under-21 Championship Golden Player: 1994
 Portuguese Golden Ball: 1994
 Sporting CP Player of the Year: 1994
 Portuguese Footballer of the Year: 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000
 ESM Team of the Year: 1997–98, 1999-00
 La Liga Foreign Player of the Year: 1999, 2000, 2001
 UEFA European Championship Team of the Tournament: 2000, 2004
 World Soccer (magazine) Player of the Year: 2000
 Ballon d'Or: 2000
 FIFA World Player of the Year: 2001
 FIFA World Player of the Year – Silver Award: 2000
 UEFA Team of the Year: 2003
 UEFA Champions League top assist provider: 2004–05
 FIFA World Cup All-Star Team: 2006
 Inter Milan Player of the Year: 2006
 FIFA 100
 Golden Foot: 2011, as football legend
 IFFHS Legends

Orders
  Officer of the Order of Prince Henry
  Knight of the Order of the Immaculate Conception of Vila Viçosa (House of Braganza)

References 

1972 births
Living people
Portuguese footballers
Rudi Völler

Rudi Völler (born 13 April 1960) is a former German football player. He has played for Germany national team.

Club career statistics 

|-
|1977/78||rowspan="3"|Frankfurt Offenbach||rowspan="3"|2. Bundesliga||5||1
|-
|1978/79||31||11
|-
|1979/80||38||7
|-
|1980/81||rowspan="2"|1860 München||Bundesliga||33||9
|-
|1981/82||2. Bundesliga||37||37
|-
|1982/83||rowspan="5"|Werder Bremen||rowspan="5"|Bundesliga||31||23
|-
|1983/84||31||18
|-
|1984/85||32||25
|-
|1985/86||13||9
|-
|1986/87||30||22

|-
|1987/88||rowspan="5"|Roma||rowspan="5"|Serie A||21||3
|-
|1988/89||29||10
|-
|1989/90||32||14
|-
|1990/91||30||11
|-
|1991/92||30||7

|-
|1992/93||rowspan="2"|Olympique Marseille||rowspan="2"|Division 1||33||18
|-
|1993/94||25||6

|-
|1994/95||rowspan="2"|Bayer Leverkusen||rowspan="2"|Bundesliga||30||16
|-
|1995/96||32||10
343||188
142||45
58||24
543||257
|}

International career statistics 

|-
|1982||1||0
|-
|1983||10||7
|-
|1984||10||4
|-
|1985||8||4
|-
|1986||10||7
|-
|1987||6||3
|-
|1988||10||4
|-
|1989||5||3
|-
|1990||13||8
|-
|1991||6||2
|-
|1992||6||2
|-
|1993||0||0
|-
|1994||5||3
|-
!Total||90||47
|}

References 

1960 births
Living people
German football managers
German footballers
People from Hanau
Sportspeople from Hesse
Freddy Adu

Freddy Adu (born June 2, 1989) is an American soccer player from Ghana. He plays for Aris Thessaloniki and the American national team.

Club career statistics 

|-
|2004||rowspan="3"|DC United||rowspan="3"|Major League Soccer||30||5||1||0||colspan="2"|-||31||5
|-
|2005||25||4||2||1||colspan="2"|-||27||5
|-
|2006||32||2||2||0||colspan="2"|-||34||2
|-
|2007||Real Salt Lake||Major League Soccer||11||1||0||0||colspan="2"|-||11||1

|-
|2007/08||Benfica||Portuguese Liga||11||2||6||3||3||3||20||8

|-
|2008/09||Monaco||Ligue 1||9||0||1||0||1||0||11||0

|-
|2009/10||Os Belenenses||Portuguese Liga||3||0||0||0||1||0||4||0

|-
|2009/10||Aris Thessaloniki||Super League||||||||||||||||
98||12||5||1||colspan="2"|-||103||13
14||2||6||3||4||3||24||8
9||0||1||0||1||0||11||0
0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
121||14||12||4||5||3||138||21
|}

International career statistics 

|-
|2006||1||0
|-
|2007||2||0
|-
|2008||9||1
|-
|2009||3||1
|-
!Total||15||2
|}

References 

1989 births
Living people
American soccer players
Ghanaian people
Eamon Dunphy

Eamon Martin Dunphy (born 3 August 1945) is an Irish professional athlete.  He is best known as a football player. He has played for Republic of Ireland national team.

References

1945 births
Living people
Irish footballers
Sportspeople from Dublin
Murat Yakin

Murat Yakin (; born 15 September 1974) is a former football player. He has played for Switzerland national team. He is the manager of Switzerland national football team since 2021.

Club career statistics

|-
|1992-93||rowspan="5"|Grasshopper Zürich||rowspan="5"|Super League||18||1
|-
|1993-94||29||3
|-
|1994-95||18||2
|-
|1995-96||8||3
|-
|1996-97||28||8

|-
|1997-98||Stuttgart||Bundesliga||23||2

|-
|1998-99||rowspan="2"|Fenerbahçe||rowspan="2"|Süper Lig||23||3
|-
|1999-00||3||0

|-
|1999-00||Basel||Super League||12||1

|-
|2000-01||Kaiserslautern||Bundesliga||9||0

|-
|2000-01||rowspan="6"|Basel||rowspan="6"|Super League||11||1
|-
|2001-02||32||7
|-
|2002-03||26||6
|-
|2003-04||20||7
|-
|2004-05||13||3
|-
|2005-06||1||0
216||42
32||2
26||3
274||47
|}

International career statistics

|-
!Total||49||4
|}

References

1974 births
Living people
Swiss footballers
Swiss football managers
Sportspeople from Basel
Salmonella

Salmonella is a genus of bacteria. It is a major cause of illness throughout the world. The bacteria are generally passed on to humans by eating or drinking food of animal origin which has the bacteria in it, mainly meat, poultry, eggs and milk. Bacteria from the genus Salmonella can cause diseases, such as diarrhea, cholera and typhus. These bacteria are zoonotic, meaning they can infect both animals and humans. 

Salmonella is closely related to the Escherichia genus and are found worldwide in cold- and warm-blooded animals (including humans), and in the environment. They cause illnesses like typhoid fever, paratyphoid fever, and foodborne illness.

Salmonella is also extremely dangerous, and like most diseases, weaker humans like the old and young could easily die from it. Salmonella can only be killed in food by cooking at high temperatures. This is called denaturation.

References

Gram-negative bacteria
Paul Sturrock

Paul Sturrock is a former football player. He has played for Dundee United and Scotland national team.

Club career statistics

|-
|1974-75||rowspan="15"|Dundee United||Division One||12||6||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||1||0||13||6
|-
|1975-76||rowspan="14"|Premier Division||17||3||2||0||colspan="2"|-||5||1||27||5
|-
|1976-77||36||15||1||1||5||1||colspan="2"|-||42||17
|-
|1977-78||33||3||4||1||8||3||2||1||47||8
|-
|1978-79||33||6||1||0||2||1||2||0||38||7
|-
|1979-80||33||4||2||1||9||6||4||0||48||11
|-
|1980-81||35||13||7||1||11||9||4||0||57||23
|-
|1981-82||31||15||5||2||11||6||7||1||54||24
|-
|1982-83||28||8||1||0||9||7||7||1||45||16
|-
|1983-84||17||4||3||2||2||0||5||0||27||6
|-
|1984-85||30||14||6||2||6||2||6||2||48||20
|-
|1985-86||31||8||5||2||5||0||5||3||46||13
|-
|1986-87||30||6||6||0||3||0||11||0||50||6
|-
|1987-88||9||3||colspan="2"|-||3||2||3||2||15||7
|-
|1988-89||9||1||5||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||14||1
384||109||48||12||79||38||60||11||571||170
384||109||48||12||79||38||60||11||571||170
|}

International career statistics

|-
|1981||4||1
|-
|1982||6||1
|-
|1983||3||0
|-
|1984||2||1
|-
|1985||0||0
|-
|1986||4||0
|-
|1987||1||0
|-
!Total||20||3
|}

References

1956 births
Living people
Scottish footballers
Scottish football managers
Avi Ran

Avi Ran () was an football player. He has played for Maccabi Haifa and Israel national team. He was killed in a boat accident in the Sea of Galilee.

Club career statistics

|-
|1981-82||rowspan="6"|Maccabi Haifa||rowspan="6"|Liga Leumit||30||0
|-
|1982-83||30||0
|-
|1983-84||30||0
|-
|1984-85||25||0
|-
|1985-86||10||0
|-
|1986-87||20||0
145||0
145||0
|}

International career statistics

|-
!Total||9||0
|}

References

1963 births
1987 deaths
Association football goalkeepers
Israeli footballers
Jewish Israeli sportspeople
Mark Viduka

Mark Viduka (born 9 October 1975) is an Australian football player. He has played for Australia national team.

Club career statistics

|-
|1992/93||rowspan="3"|Melbourne Knights||rowspan="3"|National Soccer League||4||2||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||4||2
|-
|1993/94||21||17||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||21||17
|-
|1994/95||24||21||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||24||21
|-

|-
|1995/96||rowspan="4"|Croatia Zagreb||rowspan="4"|Prva HNL||27||12||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||27||12
|-
|1996/97||25||18||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||25||18
|-
|1997/98||25||8||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||25||8
|-
|1998/99||7||2||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||7||2
|-

|-
|1998/99||rowspan="2"|Celtic||rowspan="2"|Premier League||9||5||2||3||0||0||colspan="2"|-||11||8
|-
|1999/00||28||25||1||0||4||1||4||1||37||27
|-

|-
|2000/01||rowspan="4"|Leeds United||rowspan="4"|Premier League||34||17||2||1||1||0||16||4||53||22
|-
|2001/02||33||11||1||1||1||1||7||3||42||17
|-
|2002/03||33||20||4||2||1||0||2||0||40||22
|-
|2003/04||30||11||1||1||0||0||0||0||31||12
|-
|2004/05||rowspan="3"|Middlesbrough||rowspan="3"|Premier League||16||5||0||0||1||0||4||2||21||7
|-
|2005/06||27||7||5||2||2||1||9||6||43||16
|-
|2006/07||29||14||7||5||1||0||0||0||37||19
|-
|2007/08||rowspan="2"|Newcastle United||rowspan="2"|Premier League||26||7||2||0||0||0||0||0||28||7
|-
|2008/09||12||0||0||0||0||0||0||12||0
49||40||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||49||40
84||40||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||84||40
37||30||3||3||4||1||4||1||48||35
240||92||22||12||7||2||38||15||307||121
410||202||25||15||11||3||42||16||488||236
|}

International career statistics

|-
|1994||2||0
|-
|1995||0||0
|-
|1996||0||0
|-
|1997||10||2
|-
|1998||2||0
|-
|1999||0||0
|-
|2000||2||0
|-
|2001||3||0
|-
|2002||0||0
|-
|2003||3||1
|-
|2004||2||0
|-
|2005||7||3
|-
|2006||6||0
|-
|2007||6||5
|-
!Total||43||11
|}

References

1975 births
Living people
Australian footballers
Sportspeople from Melbourne
Baichung Bhutia

Baichung Bhutia (born 15 December 1976) is an former Indian professional footballer.   He played for the India national football team.

Bhutia retired from international competition in 2011.

Club career statistics 

|-
|1993/94||rowspan="2"|East Bengal||||||
|-
|1994/95||||||
|-
|1995/96||rowspan="2"|JCT Mills||||||
|-
|1996/97||rowspan="3"|I-League||20||14
|-
|1997/98||rowspan="2"|East Bengal||16||8
|-
|1998/99||15||7

|-
|1999/00||rowspan="3"|Bury||rowspan="3"|Second Division||14||2
|-
|2000/01||20||1
|-
|2001/02||3||0

|-
|2002/03||Mohun Bagan||I-League||11||6

|-
|2003||Perak||Premier 1||8||4

|-
|2003/04||rowspan="2"|East Bengal||rowspan="2"|I-League||20||12
|-
|2004/05||18||9

|-
|2005||Selangor||Super League||5||1

|-
|2005/06||East Bengal||rowspan="6"|I-League||16||12
|-
|2006/07||rowspan="3"|Mohun Bagan||12||4
|-
|2007/08||16||9
|-
|2008/09||||
|-
|2009/10||rowspan="2"|East Bengal||||
|-
|2010/11||||
|-
|2011/12||rowspan="2"|United Sikkim||rowspan="2"|I-League 2nd Div.||
|-
|2012/13||||
144||81
37||3
13||5
194||89
|}

International career statistics 

|-
|1995||||
|-
|1996||||
|-
|1997||||
|-
|1998||||
|-
|1999||||
|-
|2000||||
|-
|2001||5||2
|-
|2002||2||0
|-
|2003||3||2
|-
|2004||4||0
|-
|2005||3||2
|-
|2006||7||1
|-
|2007||7||3
|-
|2008||11||5
|-
|2009||5||3
|-
!Total||||
|}

Honours
 Arjuna Award,1998
 He played extremely well but now is retired.
 Banga Bhushan award in 2014

References 

1976 births
Living people
Indian footballers
Matthew Le Tissier

Matthew Le Tissier is a former football player. He has played for Southampton and England national team.

Club career statistics

|-
|1986-87||rowspan="16"|Southampton||rowspan="6"|First Division||24||6
|-
|1987-88||19||0
|-
|1988-89||28||9
|-
|1989-90||35||20
|-
|1990-91||35||19
|-
|1991-92||32||16
|-
|1992-93||rowspan="10"|Premier League||40||15
|-
|1993-94||38||25
|-
|1994-95||41||20
|-
|1995-96||34||7
|-
|1996-97||31||13
|-
|1997-98||26||11
|-
|1998-99||30||7
|-
|1999-00||18||3
|-
|2000-01||8||1
|-
|2001-02||4||0
443||172
443||172
|}

International career statistics

|-
|1994||5||0
|-
|1995||1||0
|-
|1996||1||0
|-
|1997||1||0
|-
!Total||8||0
|}

References

1968 births
Living people
English footballers
Guernsey
Amarok (software)

Amarok is a music player for the KDE desktop environment. Unlike most KDE programs, it has its own schedule for releasing versions, so a new version of Amarok might not be released when a new version of KDE comes out. Amarok's first stable version was released in 2003. They are now on version 2.4.3.

Features 

Amarok cannot play videos. However, it can play most sound and music files in a large range of formats, like MP3, Ogg Vorbis, and WMA. Amarok also includes an internet radio tuner, and supports submitting a listener's music preferences to Last.fm. It can sync music to most MP3 players, like the iPod or ZEN.

Versions

Amarok was updated to version 2 along with the major upgrade of KDE3 to KDE4.  The newer KDE4 version of Amarok is still missing some features when compared with the previous KDE3 version, but it does have some new features not included with the earlier one.

Many users of KDE3 Amarok believed it was the best software music player of any platform (Windows, Mac, Linux), and it had a great and loyal following.  This loyalty has faded somewhat since the KDE4 release, though Amarok developers are still working hard to make certain the newer Amarok meets and exceeds all users' expectations.

References

KDE
Caesar

Caesar or Cæsar may mean:

Ancient Rome 
 Caesar (title), a title used by Roman Emperors and also Ottoman Turkish Emperors, related as well to "Tsar" and "Kaiser"

Roman Gens Julia 
 Gaius Julius Caesar (100 BC–44 BC) Roman general and dictator, hence
 Julius Caesar (play), a tragedy by William Shakespeare
 Julius Caesar (mini), a 2002 mini-series about Caesar, directed by Uli Edel
 Gaius Julius Caesar (proconsul of Asia, 90s BC), father of the dictator
 Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus, the first Roman Emperor, nephew and adoptive son of the dictator
 Other members of the Julii Caesares, the family from which the dictator came

Culture 
 Caesars Casino, part of Harrah's Entertainment
 Caesars Palace, a number of hotel/casino resorts
 Caesars Windsor, a casino in Windsor Ontario, Canada

Food 
 Caesar (cocktail), a cocktail made with vodka and Clamato that is popular primarily in Canada  
 The Caesar salad, a salad named after Caesar Cardini
 Little Caesars, a pizza restaurant chain

Science 
 Caesar cipher, an encryption technique used by the Roman dictator on military campaigns
 Caesarean section, a surgical procedure to deliver a baby when a normal birth is difficult.
Informal fallacy

An informal fallacy is an logical argument whose  premises fail to support their conclusion. Informal fallacies often come from errors in reasoning.

In contrast to a formal fallacy, the error has to do with issues of inference. Because language is used to state the propositions, natural language allows one to say more than  formal logic can represent. All informal fallacies of deductive reasoning contain a disconnect between the premises and the conclusion. This  makes the argument invalid. The disconnect happens because there is a hidden co-premise. If this co-premise were stated, it would make the argument valid.

Inductive informal fallacies are rather different from their deductive counterparts. Their merit rests in the inductive strength of the premiseconclusion link, not the presence of hidden premises. For instance, the fallacy of hasty generalization, can be roughly stated as:

p) S is a P
p) S is also a Q
c) therefore, all Ps are also Qs

If the populations of P and Q are both too large to sample completely, then the statement is inductive. In such a case, a hasty generalization occurs when the number of Ps and Qs does not represent the respective populations. It is important to distinguish between a principle of reasoning (deductive or inductive) and the premise of an argument.

Some informal fallacies are fallacies of ambiguity. For example:

 Feathers are light. ("light" as "not heavy")
 What is light cannot be dark. ("light" as "containing a lot of white")
 Therefore, feathers cannot be dark.

Equivocations are more difficult to detect in cases where the two meanings are closely related to each other.

References

Other websites
 Logical fallacies A list of logical fallacies, explained.
 An Informal Fallacy Primer 

Logical fallacies
Critical thinking
Great Western Railway

The Great Western Railway (GWR) was a railway company in the United Kingdom, that was started in 1833. It was engineered by Isambard Kingdom Brunel.

The railway company also ran bus services and owned ships and hotels. In 1948, the government took control of the company and Great Western Railway then was renamed the Western Region of British Railways.

The first railway line built by the Great Western Railway opened in 1838. It started in London and ended in Maidenhead which was  west. By 1841, the area of service had been made much longer and so their trains went farther west to the towns of Reading, Swindon, Bath and Bristol. By 1852, the railway line had become  long and went to Penzance. Penzance railway station is both the farthest south and farthest west in Great Britain.  

In 1923, the GWR took over several smaller railways (most of them in Wales) and became one of the Big Four British railway companies. In 1948, Britain's railways were nationalized and the GWR became the Western Region of British Railways.

Related pages 
 Reading railway station

Rail transport in Great Britain
Defunct railway companies of the United Kingdom
1833 establishments
1948 disestablishments in the United Kingdom
1830s establishments in the United Kingdom

cs:Isambard Kingdom Brunel#Great Western Railway
Stimulant

A stimulant is any of a group of drugs that can increase alertness and awareness, usually for a short time only. Most stimulants have more side-effects than other drugs. Some are classified as illegal drugs, most can cause addiction. For this reason, most legal stimulants are only available on prescription. Stimulants act on the nerves: Stimulants cause more neurotransmitters to the synapse (this is the gap between different nerves)

Most stimulants fall into one of the following groups:
 Amphetamine and its derivates: Methylphenidate, Methamphetamine, Pseudoephedrine Ephedrine, Ecstasy
 Xanthines: Caffeine, Theophylline, Theobromine
 Piperazine and its derivates: Benzylpiperazine, Trifluoromethylphenylpiperazine
 Various others: Cocaine, Nicotine, Modafinil

Some of the substances mentioned above can be used to treat certain diseases. Some are mostly used as illegal drugs.

Chemistry
Drugs