cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Largest known prime number

The largest known prime number is the biggest known integer which is a prime number. To date, it equals 282,589,933 − 1, it would take 24,862,048 digits to write that entire number out. The number was found on December 21, 2018.

History
This table lists every number that was once the largest known prime number. The first known record was from 1456. The number 524,287 was the largest known prime number for 144 years.

Mn is short for 2n − 1, the Mersenne number with exponent n.

References

Other websites
 Press release about the largest known prime 257,885,161−1

Prime numbers

fr:Nombre premier#Éléments historiques
Northern League (baseball)

The Northern League, was an independent baseball league which merged with the Golden Baseball League and the United Baseball League to form the North American League. It was affiliated with neither Major League Baseball nor the organized minor leagues.

Former teams (1993–2010)
 Rochester Aces (1994 became Winnipeg Goldeyes)
 Thunder Bay Whiskey Jacks (1999 became Schaumburg Flyers)
 Madison Black Wolf (2001 became Lincoln Saltdogs)
 Duluth–Superior Dukes (2003 became Kansas City T-Bones)
St. Paul Saints (2005 left to create American Association)
Lincoln Saltdogs (2005 left to create American Association)
Schaumburg Flyers (folded in 2011 before joining North American League)
Sioux Falls Canaries (2005 left to create American Association)
Sioux City Explorers (2005 left to create American Association)
Calgary Vipers (2007 left to join Golden Baseball League, have since folded)
Edmonton Cracker-Cats (2007 left to join Golden Baseball League, has since changed name to Edmonton Capitals)
Fargo-Moorhead RedHawks (2010 left to join American Association)
Gary SouthShore RailCats (2010 left to join American Association)
Kansas City T-Bones (2010 left to join American Association)
Winnipeg Goldeyes (2010 left to join American Association)

Former Northern League East teams (1999–2002)
(Left to re-form Northeast League, then later the Can-Am League)

 Adirondack Lumberjacks (1995–2003); team later moved to Bangor, Maine and then folded
 Albany-Colonie Diamond Dogs (1995–2002); team later folded
 Allentown Ambassadors (1997–2003); team later folded
 Berkshire Black Bears (2002–2003); team later moved to New Haven, Connecticut and then folded
 Brockton Rox (2002–2011); team now plays in Futures Collegiate Baseball League
 Catskill Cougars (2000)
 Elmira Pioneers (1996–2005); team now plays in New York Collegiate Baseball League
 Massachusetts Mad Dogs (1997–1999); team became inactive for three years
 New Jersey Jackals (1998-)
 Les Capitales de Québec (1999-)
 Waterbury Spirit (1997–2000); team revived as North Shore Spirit in 2003 in Lynn, Massachusetts, later folded

Champions
1993 St. Paul Saints
1994 Winnipeg Goldeyes
1995 St. Paul Saints
1996 St. Paul Saints
1997 Duluth–Superior Dukes
1998 Fargo-Moorhead RedHawks
1999 Albany-Colonie Diamond Dogs
2000 Adirondack Lumberjacks
2001 New Jersey Jackals
2002 New Jersey Jackals
2003 Fargo-Moorhead RedHawks
2004 St. Paul Saints
2005 Gary SouthShore RailCats
2006 Fargo-Moorhead RedHawks
2007 Gary SouthShore RailCats
2008 Kansas City T-Bones
2009 Fargo-Moorhead RedHawks
2010 Fargo-Moorhead RedHawks

References

Other websites
 Northern League
 nlfan.com - Northern League Fan's Guide

1993 establishments in North America
Baseball leagues
Carey Price

Carey Price (born August 16, 1987 in Anahim Lake, British Columbia) is a Canadian professional ice hockey goaltender playing for the Montreal Canadiens of the National Hockey League.

Awards
 WHL West First All-Star Team - 2006–07
 Del Wilson Trophy (WHL Top Goaltender) - 2006–07
 CHL Goaltender of the Year - 2006–07
 Jack A. Butterfield Trophy - 2007
 Calder Cup - 2007
 Molson Cup - October 2007
 NHL Rookie of the Month - March 2008
 NHL All-Rookie Team - 2008- 2012

Career statistics
Bolded numbers indicate league leader.

Regular season and playoffs

International

References

Other websites
 "Price Steals the Show for Canada" by Bill Meltzer—NHL.com December 2, 2007
 "Carey Price: Continuing the legacy" by Shane Malloy—NHL.com June 2, 2006
 Hockey Canada player profile
 

1987 births
American Hockey League players
Canadian ice hockey goaltenders
Canadian Olympic gold medalists
Hart Memorial Trophy winners
Ice hockey people from British Columbia
Living people
Medalists at the 2014 Winter Olympics
Montreal Canadiens players
Sportspeople from Vancouver
Tri-City Americans players
Vezina Trophy winners
Walt Poddubny

Walter Michael Poddubny (February 14, 1960 – March 21, 2009) was a Canadian professional ice hockey left winger and coach who played eleven seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL) from 1981–1982 until 1991–1992.

He died of a heart attack at the age of 49, after collapsing at his sister's house in Thunder Bay.

Career statistics

Ice hockey

Roller hockey

Coaching

‡ - Midseason Replacement

References
 Villagracia, Reuben. "Former NHLer passes away," The Chronicle Journal (Thunder Bay, Ontario), Sunday, March 22, 2009.

Other websites
 
 Walt Poddubny – Hockey-Reference.com.
 

1960 births
2009 deaths
American Hockey League players
Brandon Wheat Kings players
Canadian ice hockey left wingers
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Edmonton Oilers players
Ice hockey people from Ontario
New Jersey Devils players
New York Rangers players
People from Thunder Bay
Quebec Nordiques players
Toronto Maple Leafs players
International Hockey League (1945–2001) players
Ontario Hockey League players
Central Professional Hockey League players
Bertie Ahern

Patrick Bartholomew "Bertie" Ahern (; born 12 September 1951, Dublin) is a former Taoiseach of Ireland leader of Fianna Fáil, the Irish Republic's largest political party.  He oversaw the largest economic expansion in Irish history and was important in making the Good Friday Agreement.

References

1951 births
Living people
Taoisigh of Ireland
Members of Dáil Éireann
People from Dublin
Nonkilling

Nonkilling is a worldview that affirms the possibility of a society where killing is absent. In such a society there would be no killings, threats to kill, weapons made to kill or reasons for people to kill each other.

Related pages
 Nonviolence
 Conscientious objector
 Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi

References

Other websites 

 Glenn D. Paige, Nonkilling Global Political Science, 2002; 3rd ed. 2009. 
 Glenn D. Paige, Joám Evans Pim, editors, Global Nonkilling Leadership, 2009.
 School of Nonkilling Studies at Wikiversity
 Center for Global Nonkilling
 
 Charter for a World without Violence 

Virtues
Ethics
Civil disobedience
Lewis and Clark Expedition

The Lewis and Clark Expedition was an expedition by Meriwether Lewis (1774–1809) and William Clark (1770–1838), two men chosen by United States President Thomas Jefferson to explore the Louisiana Purchase, which the country had just bought from France. (This land was made up of much of what is now the Central and Western United States). They left Saint Louis in 1804, leading a group of 33 people. The group reached the Pacific in 1806, viewing much of the West on the way and writing down what they saw. Along the way, the group was joined by a Shoshone Native American woman named Sacagawea, who helped guide and translate for them. After their exploration, Lewis became Governor of Louisiana Territory, and Clark became Governor of Missouri Territory. The only person that died on the trip was Sergeant Charles Floyd who died August 20, 1804 of Dysentery.

References

1804 in the United States
1805 in the United States
1806
Baia Mare

Baia Mare is a municipality in the northwestern part of Romania.  It is the seat of Maramureş County.  137,921 people were living in Baia Mare as of 2002.

Cyanide Spill of 2000:  An hour before midnight on January 30, 2000, a dam holding back water in a settling area for the Baia Mare gold mine burst, spilling its contents into the Somes river, and subsequently into the Tisza river. The spill resulted in the release of at least 100,000 cubic meters of water containing high concentrations of cyanide, as well as heavy metals such as copper, zinc and lead. Cyanide is used to purify gold from rocks, and the water contained concentrations that exceeded the 'heavily polluted' threshold by 40 to 160 times. Zinc concentration was twice the acceptable standard, and lead concentration was 5 to 9 times greater. Rumanian authorities were quickly notified of the spill and immediately raised an alarm that prevented the loss of any human life. However, the spill killed all aquatic plant and animal life for dozens of miles downstream. On February 12, the toxic water flowed into the Danube, which receives water from the Tisza, carrying its impact into Hungary and Serbia, as well. Inhabitants of Belgrade witnessed a Danube with dead fish floating on the surface. Up to 100 people, most of them children, were treated after eating fish contaminated by the heavy chemicals. The Rumanian media entitled this environmental disaster ‘the largest since Chernobyl’.

Twin towns 
Baia Mare has the following towns as its 'sister cities':
  Serino, Italy, since 2003
  Nyíregyháza, Hungary, since 2003 - partnership only
  Hódmezovásárhely, Hungary, since 2001
  Bielsko-Biała, Poland, since 2001
  Hollywood, Florida, USA, since 2001
  Wels, Austria, since 2000
  Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine, since 1990
  Szolnok, Hungary, since 1990
  Kitwe, Zambia, since 1972

References

Other websites 
 official City Hall site
 Official site

Municipalities of Romania
1142 establishments
County capitals of Romania
1140s establishments in Europe
Umm Kulthum

Umm Kulthum (May 4, 1904 – February 3, 1975). She was an Egyptian singer, songwriter, and actress. She was born in Tamay ez-Zahayra. She is a famous and distinguished singer of the 20th century in the Arab world.

Other websites 
 
 [ Biography] at AllMusic
 The Star of the East at Østfold College, Halden, Norway from almashriq.hiof.no

Contraltos
Egyptian singers
1904 births
1975 deaths
Songwriters
Egyptian actors
Craig Parker

Craig Parker (born 12 November 1970 in Suva, Fiji) is a New Zealand actor who played Guy Warner in Shortland Street.

1970 births
Living people
New Zealand movie actors
New Zealand television actors
New Zealand voice actors
New Zealand stage actors
Illinois General Assembly

The Illinois General Assembly is the state legislature of the state of Illinois. It comprises the Illinois House of Representatives and the Illinois Senate. The General Assembly was created by the first state constitution which was adopted in 1818. Illinois has 59 legislative districts. It had two representatives and one senator from each district.

General Assembly
State legislatures of the United States
Whig Party (United States)

The Whig Party was a political party of the United States. It was famous during the years of Jacksonian democracy. It is thought to be important to the Second Party System. Operating from 1833 to 1856, the party was formed opposing the policies of President Andrew Jackson and the Democratic Party. The Whigs supported the importance of Congress over the importance of the executive branch. They favored a program of modernization. Their name was chosen to tell people about the American Whigs of 1776, who fought for independence. "Whig" was then a widely recognized label of choice for people who saw themselves as opposing autocratic rule. The Whig Party had national leaders as Daniel Webster, William Henry Harrison, Henry Clay of Kentucky. The Whig Party also had four war heroes among them, such as Generals Zachary Taylor and Winfield Scott. Abraham Lincoln was a Whig leader in frontier Illinois.

In its over two decades of existence, the Whig Party saw two of its candidates, Harrison and Taylor, elected president. Both died in office. John Tyler became president after Harrison's death, but was thrown out from the party. Millard Fillmore, who became president after Taylor's death, was the last Whig to hold the nation's highest office.

The party was ultimately destroyed by the question of whether to allow the expansion of slavery to the territories. The anti-slavery faction successfully prevented the nomination of its own incumbent President Fillmore in the 1852 presidential election. Instead, the party nominated General Winfield Scott, who was defeated. Its leaders quit politics (as Lincoln did temporarily) or changed parties.  The voter base defected to the Republican Party, various coalition parties in some states, and to the Democratic Party. By the 1856 presidential election, the party had lost its ability to maintain a national coalition of effective state parties and endorsed Millard Fillmore, now of the American Party, at its last national convention.

References 

Political parties in the United States
 
1850s disestablishments in the United States
1833 establishments in the United States
1856 disestablishments
Metronet

Metronet Rail was the brand of a partnership within the London Underground group. The group was responsible for the maintenance and upgrade of the infrastructure on nine London Underground lines. They would do the maintenance of tracks, trains, signals, civil work and stations.  From 18 July 2007 to 26 May 2008, the company was in administration and had to be bailed out by the government.  On 27 May 2008, the company was transferred back into public ownership under the authority of Transport for London.

London Underground
Coriaria nepalensis

Coriaria nepalensis is a shrub growing in the foothills of Himalayas. It blooms in spring and has beautiful yellow flowers and red fruits in summer.

Common names
In India, this plant is known in English as masuri berry, tanner's tree, mansur shrub; in Hindi as masuri, makola, masurya; in Nepali, macchaino.

Description
It is a shrub, 1.5-2.5 metres tall. Flowers are in groups (inflorescences ) and they are male or female but in the same plant; their color is yellow. It blooms from February to May.

Fruits are red to dark purple when mature. They look like berries but they are small nuts (achenes) protected by enlarged and colored petals. Fruits are produced from May to August but they cannot be eaten because their seeds are poisonous.

The number of chromosomes is 40.

Where it grows
C. nepalensis grows in southern slopes of the Himalayas (Bhutan, India, Nepal, Pakistan), usually between 800 and 2500 m.

This species was also found in southern China in mountain slopes at 200–3200 m high. It has been found in the Chinese provinces of Gansu, Guangxi, Guizhou, Henan, Hong Kong, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan.

Other websites
 The Biodiversity of the Hengduan Mountains Project (Photo of red and dark purple fruits)

References

Cucurbitales
Shrubs
Leishmania

Leishmania is a protist
organism which causes Leishmaniasis. It is a Trypanosomatid parasite in the Euglenozoa phylum.

It is spread by sandflies of the genus Phlebotomus in the Old World, and of the genus Lutzomyia in the New World. 

Their primary hosts are vertebrates; Leishmania commonly infects hyraxes, canids, rodents, and humans. Leishmania currently affects 12 million people in 98 countries.
The parasite was named in 1903 after the Scottish pathologist William Boog Leishman.

Diseases 
The parasite causes three kinds of disease. Each type of disease is caused by different species of the parasite.

Skin disease: the Oriental sore
Mucous membrane leishmaniasis: can be fatal
Visceral disease of the liver and spleen, and anaemia. So-called kala-azar

Structure 
Leishmania have a lipophosphoglycan coat on the outside of the cell. This is a trigger for toll-like receptor 2, a signalling receptor which triggers an innate immune response in mammals. The parasite can withstand the counter-attack by the immune system. There are treatments, which consist in helping the immune system to respond.

Protista
Neil Kinnock

Neil Gordon Kinnock, Baron Kinnock, PC, (born 28 March 1942) is a Welsh politician. He was a Member of Parliament from 1970 to 1995. From 1983 to 1992 he was the Leader of the Opposition and the leader of the Labour Party. In the general election in 1992 he was beaten. After this he gave up his post of leading the Labour Party (and sitting in Parliament). He was a British politician in the European Commission from 1995 until 2004, and is now Chairman of the British Council and President of Cardiff University.

He was introduced to the House of Lords on 31 January 2005.  He was created Baron Kinnock, of Bedwellty in the County of Gwent.

Personal life
He is married to Glenys Kinnock.  She was Britain's Minister for Africa and the United Nations from 2009 to 2010, and a Labour Member of the European Parliament (MEP) from 1994 to 2009. She was made a life peer in 2009. They became one of the few couples to both hold titles in their own right. The two met while studying at University College, Cardiff.  They married on 25 March 1967. In 2008 they moved to Tufnell Park, London, to be closer to their daughter and grandchildren.

They have a son, Stephen and a daughter, Rachel. 

Neil Kinnock is a lifelong Cardiff City F.C. fan and regularly attends matches.

Kinnock is an agnostic.

In 2011 Kinnock took part in the BBC Wales programme Coming Home about his Welsh family history. The programme was broadcast on 30 November 2011.

References

1942 births
Living people
European Commissioners
Former Labour Party (UK) MPs
Former members of the British House of Commons for Welsh constituencies
Leaders of the Labour Party (UK)
Leaders of the Opposition (United Kingdom)
Members of the House of Lords
Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom
UK MPs 1970–1974
UK MPs 1974
UK MPs 1974–1979
UK MPs 1979–1983
UK MPs 1983–1987
UK MPs 1987–1992
UK MPs 1992–1997
South Talpatti Island

South Talpatti Island is a small uninhabited island in the Bay of Bengal. Indians call it New Moore Island or Purbasha. This is a disputed island between Bangladesh and India. The island did not exist before 1970. It emerged after the Bhola cyclone hit the area in 1970.

Islands of India
Uninhabited islands
50000 Quaoar

50000 Quaoar (symbol ) is a Trans-Neptunian object and is also a dwarf planet.  It was discovered on June 4, 2002 by  Chad Trujillo and Michael Brown at the California Institute of Technology.

References

Other websites 
 Quaoar discoverers' webpage 
 Orbital simulation from JPL (Java) /Ephemeris

Kuiper belt objects
Dwarf planets
Make It or Break It

Make It Or Break It is an ABC Family drama. It is set in Boulder, Colorado. It is about the sport of gymnastics, where elite gymnasts try to make it to the 2012 Summer Olympics while trying to follow the rules.

Characters

Gymnasts 
 Emily Kmetko (played by Chelsea Hobbs), is the daughter of Chloe Kmetko and half-sister of Brian Kmetko. She is a hopeful gymnast who came from Fresno, California before she came to the Rocky Gymnastics Institute. She came in on a scholarship. She has trouble fitting in and is a very secretive person.
 Kaylie Cruz (played by Josie Loren), the daughter of Ronnie and Alex Cruz and the national champion. She seemed like a mediocre gymnast who was more set on being a "normal teenager". She secretly dates Carter Anderson, a male gymnast at "The Rock" but she breaks up with him to focus on Nationals. She is very sweet-hearted and a little insecure.
 Lauren Tanner (played by Cassie Scerbo), is the daughter of Steve Tanner. She is a good but inconsistent gymnast who lets her emotions affect her performance. She is often very vengeful and mean.
 Payson Keeler (played by Ayla Kell), the daughter of Becca and Mark Keeler was the Rock's top gymnast. She is very competitive and confident. She has a back infection, which made her retire from the sport.

Other websites 

2009 American television series debuts
2012 American television series endings
2000s American television series
2010s American television series
ABC Family series
American teen drama television series
Boulder, Colorado
Television series set in Colorado
English-language television programs
Guernica (painting)

Guernica is a world-famous painting by Pablo Picasso. It is one of the world's greatest anti-war paintings. It is a very large painting (a mural) which shows the bombing of the Spanish town of Guernica in 1937 during the Spanish Civil War.

The Spanish Republican government asked Pablo Picasso to paint a large mural for an art exhibition in Paris. It shows how people, as well as animals, all suffer because of the tragedies of war. The painting soon became so famous that it was seen as a world symbol for peace. The fame of the painting helped to bring the Spanish Civil War to an end.

Guernica is navy blue, black and white, 3.5 metre (11 ft) tall and 7.8 metre (25.6 ft) wide, a mural-size canvas painted in oil. It hangs in the Museo Reina Sofía in Madrid.

Description of the painting 
Guernica shows a large, open room with people and animals who are suffering. A bull stands over a woman crying over a dead child in her arms. A horse falls in terrible pain as it dies after being run through with a spear. A dead soldier lies under the horse, his arm has been chopped off, but the hand grasps a shattered sword from which a flower grows. A light bulb shines strongly like an evil eye (the Spanish word for "light bulb" is "bombilla" which sounds like "bomb"). A female figure floats in, holding a lamp which is a symbol of hope. There are many other smaller details in the painting.

History of the painting 
The painting soon travelled to many countries. It was seen in several towns in the United States during the 1940s and early 1950s. The Spanish dictator Francisco Franco wanted it to come to Spain, but Picasso said that he would not allow it to go to Spain until Spain became a democratic country. Picasso died in 1973. Franco died in 1975 and Spain became a democratic country. The painting went to Spain in 1981 and it now hangs in an art gallery, the Museo Reina Sofía, in Madrid.

Other websites 
 Image of the painting

20th-century paintings
Spanish paintings
List of vice presidents of the United States



List
The following is a list of vice presidents of the United States.

Living former vice presidents

References

Lists of politicians from the United States
Guernica (town)

Guernica (pronounce: "GHER-nee-kah") is a town in Spain. It is in the province of Biscay, in the Basque Country. The town of Guernica belongs to the same municipality as the near town of Luno ("Lumo" in Basque), Gernika-Lumo. The population of the whole municipality is 15,571 (2004).

Guernica is known internationally because it was bombed by the Nazis in 1937 during the Spanish Civil War. Pablo Picasso painted a huge anti-war painting called Guernica which is world-famous.

Other websites 
 Official site 

Towns in Spain
Municipalities in the Basque Country
Guernica

Guernica could mean:
 Guernica (painting), a painting by Pablo Picasso
 Guernica (town), a town in Spain
Flat Earth Society

The Flat Earth Society (or the International Flat Earth Research Society) is an organization claiming that the Earth is flat (most of us think it is round; a sphere). It was started by Samuel Shenton in 1956.  Charles K. Johnson was the leader and made his home the organization's base. The Flat Earth Society is thought to have disbanded (stopped existing) after Johnson's death in 2001, but some websites still use the organization's name.

Some people say NASA proved that the Earth is not flat by taking pictures of the planet from space. Others say the round Earth was proven long before NASA existed. The Society says the pictures are fake, and that NASA is a part of a conspiracy.

Related pages
 Flat Earth
 Nicolaus Copernicus

Other websites 

 One of the associations calling itself the original Flat Earth Society

Earth
John Birmingham

John Birmingham (August 7, 1964) is an Australian writer. His book, He Died With A Falafel In His Hand was made into a movie in 2001.

Early life
Birmingham was born in Liverpool, England in 1964. He came to Australia with his family in 1970 and settled in Ipswich, Queensland. His first book written in 1994, He Died With A Falafel In His Hand, was about his experiences sharing a house with other people.

Books
His other books are The Tasmanian Babes Fiasco (1997), Leviathan: the unauthorised biography of Sydney (1999), Off One's Tits (2002) and Without Warning (2008).

References

1964 births
Living people
Australian novelists
Australian science fiction writers
Writers from Liverpool
Writers from Queensland
Balibo (movie)

Balibo is an Australian movie directed by Robert Connolly and released in 2009. It starred Australian actor Anthony LaPaglia who also was the film's producer. It based on the true story of 5 Australian news reporters working for Australian TV during the Indonesian invasion of East Timor in 1975. They were murdered by the Indonesian army in the small village of Balibo.

The Indonesian National Armed Forces did not want the movie shown in Indonesia, with a spokesman saying the movie could harm Indonesia's relations with East Timor and Australia.

The movie was finally forbidden in Indonesia by the Film Censorship Agency. Foreign Minister Marty Natalegawa said the ban was to avoid a negative image of Indonesia. The Indonesian National Armed Forces supports the ban, with a spokesman saying the official version of the event is that the journalists were killed in a crossfire, and not murdered by Indonesian troops. However, this did not stop people from seeing the movie, as there were some secret cinemas set up to show it.

References

Australian movies
2009 movies
English-language movies
Movies set in Asia
Nagoya University of Foreign Studies

The Nagoya University of Foreign Studies is in Nisshin, Aichi Prefecture, Japan. it started in 1988. It mainly teachs languages, but also has a strong emphasis on Japanese culture. It has 4 main schools:
 Japanese Language Institute
 Graduate School
 School of Foreign Languages
 School of Contemporary International Studies

Other websites
 Nagoya Universtity of Foreign Studies website

References

Colleges and universities in Japan
1988 establishments in Japan
Al Wasl SC

Al Wasl Sports Club () is a sports club in Dubai, the United Arab Emirates. It is best known for its football team.

Sports clubs
Sport in Dubai
Cork City F.C.

Cork City F.C. is a professional Irish football club in Cork and competing in the FAI League of Ireland. They are one of the most successful clubs in Ireland, having won the league twice and numerous FAI Cups, as well as nine Munster Senior Cups in a row.

Irish football clubs
Cork (city)
Discogs

Discogs is a website and database of information about music recordings. Discogs is owned by Zink Media, Inc. in Portland, Oregon, United States. Discogs is one of the largest online databases of electronic music releases. It is believed to be the largest online database of releases on vinyl also.

History 
The discogs.com domain name was registered in August 2000. Discogs was released in October 2000 by Kevin Lewandowski. It started as a database of his personal music collection.  The name of the site is short for discographies.

Contribution system 
The information on Discogs comes from members of the web site.

References

Other websites 
 Official Website
 Disbugs – Discogs issues/bugs and features requests. 
 Discogs wiki  – Discogs wiki site.

Entertainment websites
Watch the Ride

Watch the Ride is a compilation album made by Zinc and released by Harmless in 2007.

Track listing

Personnel

Musicians 
 Zinc - Mixed By
 Dynamite MC - Vocals
 Eksman - Vocals
 Stamina - Vocals

Production 
 Zinc - Compiled By, Producer
 Gavin Fraser - Project Co-ordinator

Other websites 
 Watch the Ride on MySpace
 Watch the Ride on Discogs

Compilation albums
2007 albums
Wedgie

A wedgie happens when a person's underwear is forcibly pulled up their buttocks. A wedgie can be given by bullies to humiliate their target, or as a prank between friends. Wedgies can be given from the front ("melvins") and in many other ways. They can cause the underwear to rip. They are very painful and are used in many situations. They are also very commonly shown in Low Comedy.

There are many forms of wedgies. Wedgies can be given along with a spanking. A hanging wedgie is when the underwear is hung on a hook. A bra connection wedgie is when a girl's underwear is hooked in her bra. "Atomic wedgies" are when the underwear is pulled over the victim's head. A "messy wedgie" is when food or other substances are put down the pants of the victim while wedgied. A "squeaky clean wedgie" is when the victim's underwear is pulled up at the front then the back creating friction. In a "bouncing wedgie", the person is bounced while in the wedgie.

Bullying
Med Hondo

Med Hondo (born Mohamed Abid Hondo, 4 May 1936 – 2 March 2019) was a Mauritanian movie director, producer, screenwriter, actor and voice actor.

Biography 

He moved to France in 1959 and began to work in movies during the 1960s. In 1967, critics praised for the first movie he directed, Soleil O. It won a Golden Leopard Award at the Locarno International Film Festival in Italy. When American movies are dubbed into French, Hondo often plays the French version of a character. For example, he played the French version of Eddie Murphy's character Donkey in Shrek.

Hondo died in Paris on 2 March 2019, aged 82.

Filmography

Director
1967: Soleil O
1974: Les 'bicots-Nègres' vos voisins (Arabs and Niggers, Your Neighbours)
1975: Sahel la faim pourquoi
1979: West Indies
1986: Sarraounia
1994: Lumière noire (Black Light)
1998: Watani, un monde sans mal
2004: Fatima, l'Algérienne de Dakar

Actor
1964: Les verts pâturages
1965: Bob Morane as Notomi (television series; two episodes)
1965: Belphégor as Gaillac (television series)
1965: Seule à Paris (television series)
1966: Retour à Bacoli as Un tirailleur (television series)
1967: Un homme de trop as Florent
1968: Tante Zita as James
1969: A Walk with Love and Death as Entertainer
1974: Aux frontières du possible as doctor Sosian Cisse (television series)
1975: Jo Gaillard as Carlos (television series)
1977: The Ambassadors as Med
1989–1991: Commissaire Moulin as Max (television series; three episodes)
1990: 1871 as Karl Marx
1997: La divine poursuite as the pilot
2000: Antilles sur Seine as Horace
2003: Funky Cops as Ace (television series; voice)
2006: Asterix and the Vikings as pirate lookout (voice)
2006: Incontrôlable as Rex (voice)

Dubbing
1982: Gandhi as Ben Kingsley's Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi
1984: Best Defense as Eddie Murphy's Lieutenant T.M. Landry
1994: The Lion King as Rafiki
1995: Se7en as Morgan Freeman's Detective Lt. William Somerset
1996: The Nutty Professor as Eddie Murphy's Sherman Klump
2001: Samurai Jack as Aku
2001: Shrek as Eddie Murphy's Donkey
2003: Xiaolin Showdown as Dojo
2004: Shrek 2 as Donkey
2007: Shrek the Third as Donkey
2010: Shrek Forever After as Donkey

References

Other websites

1936 births
2019 deaths
Mauritanian people
Movie actors
Movie directors
Movie producers
Screenwriters
Television actors
Voice actors
Happy Hardcore

Happy Hardcore is a type of dance music. It has a very fast tempo (usually around 160–180 BPM). It also normally has solo vocals.

Artists, DJs and producers 
 Breeze
 Darren Styles
 Dougal
 Gammer
 Hixxy
 Scott Brown
 Sy

Music genres
Log cabin

A log cabin is a house built from wooden logs.  They were first built in Norway, but are usually associated with woody areas of the United States.  Abraham Lincoln was born in a log cabin, and that is the basis for the toy "Lincoln Logs".  Log cabins have also been a symbol in American politics, as some Presidents said they were born in log cabins to make them seem closer to the people."   A group of Republicans who dislike some of the stands of the Republican Party call themselves "Log Cabin Republicans"..

Related pages
 Cottage

References

Houses
Basmati rice

Basmati rice is a kind of long-grain rice. It is known for its fragrance and its flavour. The biggest producers of Basmati rice are India and Pakistan, it is mainly grown in Punjab. The main method of growing it is paddy field farming, that is to say fields that are put under water.

The grains of basmati rice are longer than most other types of rice. Cooked grains of Basmati rice are characteristically free flowing rather than sticky. This is a characteristic of most long-grain rice. Cooked basmati rice can be uniquely identified by its fragrance. Basmati rice is available in two varieties - white and brown.

Basmati rice is also considered useful to make biriyani in most Asian countries and also to make yellow rice.

Rice
Sarah Thyre

Sarah Christine Thyre (born July 9, 1968) is an American actress and writer. She is  best known for her role as Mary Frances Gibbons on The Mighty B!. She was married to Andy Richter.

References

1968 births
Living people
American television actors
Antidepressant

An antidepressant is a type of medication that is used to treat people with mood disorders including depression and also to treat people with anxiety disorders. Some people take antidepressants to lower their sex drive and treat premature ejaculation.

There are different types of antidepressant, such as monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), tetracyclic antidepressants (TeCAs), selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs).

How they work 
Antidepressants work to improve the mood. Doctors think that when someone is depressed, the chemicals in their brain are not working properly. Antidepressants balance these chemicals, lifting the depression.

References 

Drugs used in psychiatry
Dirty bomb

A dirty bomb, also known as a radiological dispersal device (RDD) is a radioactive explosive weapon. It is designed to spread radioactive material to a large area.

Nuclear weapons
Jude the Apostle

Saint Jude the Apostle was one of the Twelve Apostles of Jesus. He was also called Jude of James and Jude Thaddeus. He is the patron saint of Armenia, along with Saint Bartholemew. He is also the patron saint of lost causes and desperate situations.

St. Jude was martyred (killed for his beliefs) with another apostle, Simon the Zealot in Beirut, Lebanon, around AD 66 by a axe.  In the Roman Catholic church, Jude and Simon's feast day is celebrated on 29 October.

References 

Early Christian saints
Twelve Apostles
1st-century births
1st-century deaths
Pitcher plant

A pitcher plant is a carnivorous plant (also called as Insectivorous plant). Carnivorous plants are plants that eat insects and other small animals. Carnivorous plants grow in soil that has little nitrogen. All living things must have nitrogen. Carnivorous plants get nitrogen from the insects they eat.

The pitcher of the pitcher plant is actually a modified leaf. The apex of the leaf is the lid. Pitcher plants catch (get) insects in a cup of liquid. The walls of the cup make nectar (sweet liquid) . The nectar attracts insects. When an insect lands on the wall, it falls down into the liquid. The insect cannot get out of the cup because the walls are smooth and slippery and the walls have hairs pointing down. 

After the insect is dead, its body rots. Rotting releases (lets loose) the nitrogen from the insect's body. The nitrogen then goes into the liquid and the plant takes in the nitrogen from the liquid.

References 

Flowering plants
Carnivorous plants
Fried Green Tomatoes (movie)

Fried Green Tomatoes is a 1991 American drama movie directed by Jon Avnet. It is set in 1920s and 1980s Birmingham, Alabama and is based on a novel by Fannie Flagg called Fried Green Tomatoes at the Whistle Stop Cafe. The movie stars Kathy Bates, Jessica Tandy, Mary-Louise Parker and Mary Stuart Masterson.

Plot
In Birmingham, Alabama, a woman called Evelyn goes to a nursing home to visit her mother-in-law and meets an elderly woman called Ninny. They become friends. Ninny tells Evelyn stories about when she was younger, and about the people she used to know. In particular, she tells Evelyn about two young women, Idgie and Ruth.

In Ninny's stories, Idgie and Ruth are friends who run a café together and raise Ruth's son Buddy. Ruth has separated from her husband Frank because he used to hit her. One day, Frank goes missing and the police begin to think that Idgie has killed him.

Ninny tells Evelyn her stories over several visits. During that time, Evelyn, who was depressed,  is inspired by Ruth and Idgie to have more power in her life. In the end, Ninny goes to live with Evelyn and her husband. There is a hint that Ninny and Idgie might be the same person.

Cast
 Kathy Bates as Evelyn Couch
 Mary Stuart Masterson as Idgie Threadgoode
 Mary-Louise Parker as Ruth Jamison
 Jessica Tandy as Ninny Threadgoode
 Cicely Tyson as Sipsey
 Chris O'Donnell as Buddy Threadgoode
 Stan Shaw as Big George
 Gailard Sartain as Ed Couch
 Timothy Scott as Smokey Lonesome
 Gary Basaraba as Grady Kilgore
 Lois Smith as Mama Threadgoode
 Danny Nelson as Papa Threadgoode

Differences from the novel
There are some differences between the movie and the novel it was made from. In the novel, Idgie and Ruth are a lesbian couple. In the movie they may be just friends. The director, John Avnet said that he wanted viewers to make up their own minds. In one part of the movie, Idgie and Ruth have a food fight. Avnet said that the food fight is symbolic of love-making. When it was released, some critics and LGBT activists were angry that the lesbian part of the story had been "glossed over". Even though the lesbian content had been hidden, the movie won an award from the Gay & Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation (GLAAD) for best feature movie with lesbian content.

Another difference is that at the end of the movie, it seems possible that Ninny is really Idgie. In the novel, they are completely separate characters and are sisters-in-law.

Reception
The movie was nominated for two Academy Awards and two BAFTA awards.

References

Other websites

1991 drama movies
1990s LGBT movies
American drama movies
American LGBT movies
Birmingham, Alabama
English-language movies
Movies based on books
Movies set in Alabama
Movies set in the 1920s
Movies set in the 1980s
Universal Pictures movies
Movies directed by Jon Avnet
Ischemic colitis

Ischemic colitis (also called Colonic ischemia) is a medical condition in which inflammation and injury cause an inadequite blood supply to the large instestine. It occurs more often in older people. In fact, more than 90% of cases occur in people over the age of 60. Ischemic colitis is the most common form of bowel ischemia.

Symptoms
Abdominal pain
Lower digestive bleeding
Diarrhea
Fever higher than 100.4°F (38°C)
Vomiting

Treatment
Most cases of ischemic colitis are mild and will get better on their own. IV fluids are givin to patients to treat dehydration. Patients are also told not to eat or drink anything until the symptoms get better. Severe ischemic colitis that leads to gangrene can be treated with antibiotics and surgery.

Related pages
Mesenteric ischemia

Diseases and disorders of the digestive system
Hypotension

Hypotension is low blood pressure.  A person with low blood pressure is called hypotensive.

Everybody's blood pressure is different.  Some people have naturally low blood pressure.  However, for most adults, a systolic blood pressure of under 90, or a diastolic blood pressure of under 60, is low blood pressure.  (Systolic is the top number in a blood pressure reading; diastolic is the bottom number.)

Symptoms
Low blood pressure is not always dangerous.  However, low blood pressure is dangerous if it causes any of these symptoms:
 Feeling dizzy
 Fainting (this is called syncope)
 If the blood pressure gets even lower, or the person faints, when they stand up (this is called orthostasis or orthostatic hypotension).  This means that the blood pressure is so low that it cannot get blood to the brain when the person is standing up.
 Pale, cold, clammy skin (this is called diaphoresis).  This is a sign that the body is in trouble, and is using its natural defense strategies to try to fix a problem.
 Being unable to think or focus on something
 Nausea
 Feeling tired or depressed
 Feeling very thirsty (this happens when low blood pressure is caused by dehydration, meaning the person has not drunk enough fluids.  The body senses this and gets thirsty so the person will drink more)
 Quick, shallow breathing (this is a sign that the body is not getting enough blood and oxygen, and is trying to take in more oxygen by breathing faster)

What problems can low blood pressure cause? 
If low blood pressure makes a person faint, the person could hurt themselves while falling.

If a person's blood pressure is very low, the heart will be unable to pump blood and oxygen to important parts of the body.  Every part of the body needs blood and oxygen to live.  Without blood and oxygen, important parts of the body, like the heart and brain, can be damaged.

Treatment

First aid 
If a person's blood pressure is low enough that they are feeling dizzy, they should lay down on the ground.  Putting their feet up, or bending their knees, is also helpful.  This makes it easier for blood and oxygen to get to the brain (because the blood does not have to work against gravity to get up to the brain, like it would if the person were standing).  Lying down will also make sure that the person does not hurt themselves by falling if they faint.

Medical treatment 
Doctors can treat hypotension by treating whatever is causing the low blood pressure.  Sometimes, low blood pressure is caused by dehydration.  This can be treated by having the patient eat more salt, drink more fluids, or (in serious cases) get fluids through a needle placed into a vein.

If low blood pressure is caused by medicines, doctors can change those medications to others that do not lower blood pressure as much.

There are also medications that increase blood pressure.  They work by making it harder for blood vessels to relax.  (When blood vessels relax, blood pressure goes down.  If the blood vessels cannot relax as easily, blood pressure goes up.)

Related pages
Blood pressure
Hypertension (high blood pressure)

References

Diseases and disorders of the cardiovascular system
Race condition

A Race condition (also called race hazard) is a problem with the design of a system. With a race condition, the result of a calculation or the behaviour of the system as a whole is dependent on how long a certain calculation takes, or when it is started. Race conditions occur in logic circuits and computer software, especially with multi-threaded or distributed systems.

Example
It is often difficult to explain what a race condition is, but the metaphor of a horse race can be used as an explanation.

A computer program is like a horse race. The computer program does several things at the same time, similarly to how several horses run at the same time in a horse race. Each horse represents what is usually called a thread of execution. That way, one such thread may handle network communication, another one may be responsible for redrawing the user interface. In the case of a race condition, the application works properly if a given horse wins the race. For example, the application may work if horse number five wins, but it will crash if any other horse wins the race. One solution to the problem is to use synchronization. This is like several jockeys teaming up, to make sure horse number five is ahead. 

On different computers, or in different situations, computers programs can run at different speeds. Sometimes, they will be faster, other times slower. This may mean that on some systems, the race condition will never show up, even though it may be easy to show it on others. Race conditions can be difficult to find. Bugs caused by race conditions are a frequent source of frustration within the profession of software development.

Computer hardware
Mary-Louise Parker

Mary-Louise Parker (born August 2, 1964) is an American television and movie actress.

Early life
Parker was born in 1964 in Fort Jackson, South Carolina. Her mother was Swedish and her father was a judge and served in the United States Army. They lived in Thailand where she attended the International School Bangkok. Parker studied drama at the North Carolina School of the Arts. Her first job in television was a small part on the soap opera Ryan's Hope in 1975. In the late 1980s, she moved to New York, where she got a job measuring feet at ECCO (a shoe shop). After a few small roles, she had her first part in a Broadway play in 1990. The play was called Prelude to a Kiss and she played the main character called Rita. She won the Clarence Derwent Award for this play and was nominated for a Tony Award. Parker dated her co-star Timothy Hutton for a short time. 

That same year, Parker was noticed by critics when she appeared in a movie called Longtime Companion. It was one of the first movies about AIDS. After that, she acted in 1991's Grand Canyon, which also starred Mary McDonnell, Danny Glover, Alfre Woodard and Kevin Kline. Parker's next film was Fried Green Tomatoes, with Jessica Tandy, Mary Stuart Masterson, Kathy Bates and Cicely Tyson.

Movies
1990: Longtime Companion as Lisa
1991: Grand Canyon as Dee
1991: Fried Green Tomatoes as Ruth Jamison
1993: Mr. Wonderful as Rita
1994: The Client as Dianne Sway
1994: Bullets Over Broadway as Ellen
1995: Boys on the Side
1996: The Portrait of a Lady as Henrietta Stackpole
1998: Goodbye Lover as Peggy Blane
1999: Let the Devil Wear Black as Julia Hirsch
2002: Red Dragon as Molly Graham
2004: Saved! as Lillian
2005: Romance & Cigarettes as Constance
2007: The Assassination of Jesse James by the Coward Robert Ford as Zee James
2008: The Spiderwick Chronicles as Helen Grace
2009: Solitary Man as Jordan

Television
1975: Ryan's Hope
2001–2006: The West Wing as Amy Gardner (23 episodes)
2003: Angels in America as Harper Pitt (six episodes)
2005–2009: Weeds as Nancy Botwin (61 episodes)

References

Other websites

 

1964 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
Actors from South Carolina
Gay & Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation

The Gay & Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation (GLAAD) is an American group that works to make sure that LGBT are not made to look bad in the media, and works so that the public are more accepting of LGBT people. It was founded in 1985 in New York City  after there were a lot of negative reports about LGBT people, after the beginning of the AIDS epidemic. Their policies are for the freedom to be homosexual and not be judged.

History
The Gay & Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation was started in 1985 in New York City. After the start of the AIDS epidemic, several newspapers, like the New York Post wrote reports that some people thought were homophobic and unfair. The Alliance was founded to protest against such negative coverage in the media.

Because of this, a group of people decided to band together and begin a group to change things. They were Vito Russo, Gregory Kolovakos, Darryl Rist, Allen Barnett and Jewelle Gomez. They named their group the Gay & Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation. At first they were more concerned with changing the way that stories about AIDS were reported to the public. As the group grew, they began to work with people in the entertainment industry to change the way that gay and lesbian people were made to look on films and on television.

GLAAD Media Awards
Every year, GLAAD hosts a ceremony where GLAAD Media Awards are given to people in the media and in entertainment that have represented LGBT people and issues fairly. Since 2009, there have been three ceremonies every year, one each in New York City, Los Angeles, and San Francisco.

References

Other websites

LGBT in the United States
Organizations in New York City
1985 establishments in New York (state)
Civil rights organizations
Carlos, Prince of Asturias

Carlos, Prince of Asturias, also known as Don Carlos (8 July 1545 – 24 July 1568), was the oldest son of King Philip II of Spain. He was heir apparent to the throne. His mother was Maria Manuela of Portugal. She was the daughter of John III of Portugal. 

Carlos went mad and so his father put him in prison in early 1568.  Carlos died after half a year of solitary confinement. His sad fate became a theme for a play by Friedrich Schiller and an opera by Giuseppe Verdi.

1545 births
1568 deaths
Princes and Princesses of Asturias
People from Valladolid