cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Domenico Losurdo

Domenico Losurdo (14 November 1941 – 28 June 2018) was an Italian Marxist philosopher and historian. He was born in Sannicandro di Bari, Italy. He was Dean of the Faculty of Education at the University of Urbino. Losurdo wrote Liberalism: A Counter-History. He was critical of racism, slavery, and genocide.

Losurdo died on 28 June 2018 in Rome from esophageal cancer at the age of 76.

References

Other websites
 

1941 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from esophageal cancer
Cancer deaths in Italy
Italian philosophers
Italian communists
Italian writers
Italian historians
St Helens, Merseyside

St Helens is a large town in Merseyside, England. It is the centre of the metropolitan borough of St Helens. The town has population of 102,629. The entire metropolitan borough had a population of 176,843 at the 2001 census.

The town and the area round it grew in the Industrial Revolution of the 18th and 19th centuries.
It was a centre for coal mining and glassmaking. It was also home to a cotton and linen industry (notably sail making) lime and alkali pits, and brewing.

Glass producer Pilkington is the town's only remaining large industrial employer.

St.Helens has the second highest rate of suiside within the United Kingdom.

References 

Towns in Merseyside
Impeachment of Bill Clinton

The impeachment of Bill Clinton began in December 1998 by the House of Representatives and led to a trial in the Senate for the impeachment of Bill Clinton, the 42nd President of the United States, on two charges, one of perjury and one of obstruction of justice. 

These charges were caused from a sexual harassment lawsuit filed against Clinton by Paula Jones. Clinton was found not guilty of these charges by the Senate on February 12, 1999.

Four charges were considered by the full House of Representatives; two passed, making Clinton the second president to be impeached, after Andrew Johnson in 1868.

House vote

Source:

Verdict
The Senate vote:

References

1998 in the United States
Bill Clinton
Kathy Kraninger

Kathleen L. Kraninger (born December 28, 1974) is an American government official. She was the 2nd Director of the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau from December 2018 to January 2021. Before she worked in the White House Office of Management and Budget. She was nominated by President Donald Trump to become the Director of the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau. Kraninger was confirmed, however, 50-49.

References

1974 births
Living people
Directors of the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau
Politicians from Ohio
US Republican Party politicians
Stephen Miller

Stephen Miller (born August 23, 1985) is an American political activist. He serves as a senior advisor for policy for President Donald Trump. Before, he served as the communications director for then-Senator Jeff Sessions. He was also a press secretary to Republican Representatives Michele Bachmann and John Shadegg.

As a speechwriter for Trump, Miller helped write Trump's inaugural address.

On October 6, 2020, Miller tested positive for COVID-19.

References

Other websites
 

1985 births
Living people
Jewish American writers
American political writers
Writers from California
Politicians from California
People from Santa Monica, California
US Republican Party politicians
Goran Bunjevčević

Goran Bunjevčević (;, 17 February 1973 – 28 June 2018)  was a Serbian footballer. He played as a defender in Serbia, England and the Netherlands. He played for FR Yugoslavia from 1998 to 2003. He also played for Grafičar, BASK, Rad Belgrade, Red Star Belgrade, Tottenham Hotspur and for ADO Den Haag.

Bunjevčević died on 28 June 2018 from a stroke at the age of 45.

References

Other websites
 Goran Bunjevčević at reprezentacija.rs
 FootballDatabase provides Goran Bunjevčević's profile and stats

1973 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from stroke
Serbian footballers
Liverpool Overhead Railway

The Liverpool Overhead Railway (known locally as the Dockers' Umbrella) was an elevated railway in Liverpool which operated along the Liverpool Docks. It opened in 1893 with lightweight electric multiple units. The design of an overhead line probably originated from the New York High Line which was authorised in 1847. Just five years later, in 1852, the need arose in Liverpool for a similar solution. The railway had a number of world firsts:
 first electric elevated railway,
 first to use automatic signalling, 
 first to use electric colour light signals 
 first to use electric multiple units
 had one of the first passenger escalators at a railway station. 

It was also the second oldest electric metro in the world. The only earlier one was the 1890 City and South London Railway. In the early 1900s electric trains ran on the electrified Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway to Southport and Aintree. Special trains to Aintree for the horse race meetings ran twice a year after regular services were withdrawn. Being a local railway it was not nationalised in 1948.

In 1955, a report into the structure of the many viaducts showed major repairs were needed that the company could not afford. The railway closed at the end of 1956. Despite public protests the structures were dismantled in the following year.

References

Electric railways in the United Kingdom
Chagrin Falls, Ohio

Chagrin Falls is a village in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, United States. It is a suburb of Cleveland. The village was created and has grown around a natural waterfall on the Chagrin River.

As of the 2010 census, the village population was 4,104. The village was made in 1844 from parts of three townships in two counties.

References

Other websites
Village of Chagrin Falls official website

Villages in Ohio
Johann Baptist Allgaier

Johann Baptist Allgaier (June 19, 1763, Schussenried – January 3, 1823, Vienna) was a German-Austrian chess master and theoretician. He was also the author of the first chess handbook in German – Neue theoretisch-praktische Anweisung zum Schachspiel (Vienna 1795–96).

Biography 

Johann Baptist Allgaier was born in 1763 in the Duchy of Württemberg. His father, Georg Allgaier, worked at a monastery as a Hofmeister, the person in charge of the education of the children of the rich and noble families. Johann's father wanted him to study theology. On a trip to Poland he learned to play chess. In 1798, he moved to Vienna and joined the army. He was able to improve his chess skills. In 1780, he won a game with a prize of 1500 florins and became Vienna's best player. He taught many people to play chess, including the sons and brothers of the Emperor Francis II. 

Allgaier fought in the Napoleonic wars between Austria and France. In 1809, he worked in an army hospital, where he became ill with asthma. When the hospital was moved to Prague he became its accountant. He returned to Vienna in 1816 where the Emperor gave him a small pension. To make extra money, he played chess in the cafés. His games were said to be brilliant and focused on attacking. When he played, people would come to watch. One man, Santo Vito, wrote down some of these games which were included in Allgaier's book. He would play anyone for the price of one gulden. The price also included a short lesson after the game. Allgaier was always looking for ways to make money. This is probably why he worked with Mälzel to operate the Turk. Allgaier played hidden inside the chess machine in 1809. He is believed to be the player controlling the Turk when it won a game against Napoleon at Schönbrunn Palace.

In December 1822, he was sent to the military hospital in Vienna and died a few days later of dropsy.

Influence on chess 
In 1795 and 1796  he published his book Neue Theoretische-praktische Anweisung zum Schachspiel. This was said to be the best chess book of the time. It was reprinted several times, the seventh and final edition was in 1843.

References 

1763 births
1823 deaths
Deaths from edema
Chess players
Rob Hiaasen

Rob Hiaasen (c. 1959 – June 28, 2018) was an American journalist and editor. He worked at The Capital. Hiaasen was born in Fort Lauderdale, Florida. He also taught at the University of Maryland's Philip Merrill College of Journalism. 

Hiaasen began his career at The Palm Beach Post before joining The Baltimore Sun as a feature writer and later wrote a regular column for the paper. He worked at The Capital as a columnist and assistant editor until his death in the Capital Gazette shooting.

On June 28, 2018, Hiaasen, age 59, was shot and killed during the Capital Gazette shooting in Annapolis, Maryland.

References

1959 births
2018 deaths
Deaths by firearm in the United States
American journalists
American crime victims
Writers from Florida
Writers from Maryland
People from Fort Lauderdale, Florida
Benjamin Jealous

Benjamin Todd Jealous (born January 18, 1973) is an American civic leader. He is the Democratic nominee for Governor of Maryland in the 2018 gubernatorial election, facing incumbent Larry Hogan. Jealous is also former president and chief executive officer of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP).

Jealous was selected at age 35 as the youngest-ever national leader of the NAACP.

Jealous is a progressive Democrat. He endorsed Bernie Sanders in his 2016 campaign for President.

In the June 2018 primary, Jealous defeated Prince George's County Executive, Rushern Baker, and seven other candidates to become the Democratic nominee in the general election.

References

Other websites
 NAACP Biography
 TheLoop21.com (Archive) interview with NAACP President Ben Jealous
 Is The NAACP's Relevance Fading? We Think Not. (Archive) by Benjamin Jealous and Julian Bond for The New Republic.

1973 births
Living people
American political activists
American progressives
Politicians from California
Politicians from Maryland
US Democratic Party politicians
Jacky Rosen

Jacklyn Sheryl Rosen (born August 2, 1957) is an American politician. She is a member of the Democratic Party. Rosen is the junior United States Senator from Nevada.

Rosen was the U.S. Representative from Nevada's 3rd congressional district from 2017 to 2019.

Rosen ran as the Democratic nomination for the U.S. Senate in the 2018 election. She defeated Republican incumbent Dean Heller in the general election in November 2018.

References

Other websites
 Congresswoman Jacky Rosen official U.S. Senate site
 Jacky Rosen for U.S. Senate official campaign site

 

1957 births
Living people
United States senators from Nevada
United States representatives from Nevada
Politicians from Chicago
US Democratic Party politicians
Jared Polis

Jared Schutz Polis (; born May 12, 1975) is an American politician, businessman, and philanthropist. He is the 43rd and current Governor of Colorado.

Polis served as the U.S. Representative for  from 2009 to 2019. He is a Democrat. He was among the richest members of Congress. His personal net worth is estimated at nearly $400 million.

In June 2017 Polis announced his candidacy for Governor of Colorado in the 2018 election. He won the general election in November 2018 defeating Walker Stapleton.

Polis was one of the few people to be openly gay when first elected to the U.S. House of Representatives and the first gay parent in Congress.

References

1975 births
Living people
Governors of Colorado
United States representatives from Colorado
Gay men
LGBT businesspeople
LGBT politicians
American philanthropists
Businesspeople from Colorado
People from Boulder, Colorado
US Democratic Party politicians
Kalevi Sorsa

Taisto Kalevi Sorsa (21 December 1930 – 16 January 2004) was a Finnish politician. He was Prime Minister of Finland three times: 1972–1975, 1977–1979 and 1982–1987. At the time of his death he still held the record for most days of incumbency as prime minister. He was also a long-time leader of the Social Democratic Party of Finland.

Early years 
Kalevi Sorsa went to school in Jyväskylä and Lappeenranta. 

At the age of 18 Sorsa's involvement with SDP politics started in Lappeenranta. In 1969, he was brought in from relative obscurity by Rafael Paasio, former Finnish prime minister, to assume the influential post of party secretary, despite not having much previous experience of national politics. 

A 2008 book by historian Jukka Seppinen suggested that Sorsa was at this date already receiving support from Soviet backers in the KGB. Prior to his political career, Sorsa worked in Paris for UNESCO from 1959 to 1965, and was Secretary-General of the Finnish UNESCO board from 1965 to 1969. In the late 1960s he also was an official in the Ministry of Education.

Prime Minister and Foreign Minister (1972-1989)

Sorsa and domestic politics
Sorsa was a leading political figure during the presidencies of Kekkonen and Koivisto. He was the chairman of the Social Democratic Party from 1975 to 1987 and was Prime Minister of Finland in four cabinets for a total of ten years (1972–1975, 1977–1979, 1982–1983, 1983–1987). He remains Finland's longest-serving prime minister. 

After his premiership he was the Speaker of the Finnish Parliament from 1989 to 1991. During his career he also served twice as Deputy Prime Minister, from 1975 to 1976 and from 1987 to 1989. From 1987 to 1996, Sorsa served on the governing board of the Bank of Finland.

Sorsa is regarded as one of Finland's most influential prime ministers, making major contributions to schools and health care, and increasing social security for families with children and pensioners. His governments strengthened the welfare state in Finland, by enacting  many reforms—child care laws, longer maternity leave, the annual vacation benefit act, as well as the public health act.

In domestic politics, Sorsa had a particularly difficult relationship with Paavo Väyrynen, the strong-willed head of the Center Party. Another notable conflict was his rivalry with young rising politician Paavo Lipponen.

In June 1984, Sorsa gave a speech on "infocracy" (i.e. the power of the mass media) at the Social Democratic party convention. Infocracy challenges parliamentary democracy, is unintelligent and avoids discussing social problems, he said: it takes more interest in individual politicians than political issues and is never critical of its own actions.

References

Other websites
Kalevi Sorsa Foundation

1930 births
2004 deaths
Prime Ministers of Finland
Speakers of the Parliament of Finland
Hyacinthe Henri Boncourt

Hyacinthe Henri Boncourt (1765? – March 23, 1840) was one of the leading chess players in France in the years between 1820 and 1840.

Biography 
Not much is known about his life. The date of his birth, 1765, is based on a comment by an English chess player, George Walker, that in 1839 Boncourt was about 70 years old.

Boncourt learned how to play chess from students of the great Philidor, including Carlier, Bernard and Leger who often played at the Café de la Régence. 

He was a civil servant, and chess was mostly a hobby for him. He got his best results after he was 60 years old, when after retiring from work, he could spend all his time playing to chess. 

In 1818, for a brief period, he was one of the players hidden inside the chess machine, the Turk. At one time he was sick, and he did not play very well. While he was hiding inside the Turk, he could not stop coughing and he could be heard by people watching. After this, the owner of the Turk, Mälzel, added some noisy gears. This was simply to cover any noise coming from the person inside.

References and notes

Other websites 

 Some of the games of Hyacinthe Henri Boncourt can be found at chessgames.com
 Dominique Thimognier: Boncourt Hyacinthe Henri (French)

1840 deaths
Chess players
Aaron Alexandre

Aaron (Albert) Alexandre (, around 1765/68 in Hohenfeld, Franconia – 16 November 1850 in London, England) was a Jewish German–French–English chess player and writer.

Aaron Alexandre trained as a rabbi. He arrived in France in 1793. He taught German and was a mechanical inventor. He later became a full-time chess player. He wrote a book of all the known chess openings, the Encyclopédie des échecs (Encyclopedia of Chess, Paris, 1837). In the book, he used the algebraic notation and the castling symbols 0–0 and 0–0–0.

His next book was about the endgame and a collection of about 2000 chess problems, which he published in 1846 as Collection des plus beaux Problèmes d'Echecs, Paris. English and German translations: Beauties of Chess, London, and Praktische Sammlung bester Schachspiel-Probleme, Leipzig.

Both books became standard reference books, demonstrating Alexandre’s great technical knowledge. Alexandre was also one of the chess players who worked inside the chess playing machine, the Turk.

References 

1766 births
1850 deaths
British Jews
British chess players
French Jews
German Jews
German chess players
European writers
Stacey Abrams

Stacey Yvonne Abrams (born December 9, 1973) is an American politician, lawyer, romance novelist, and businesswoman. She was the house minority leader for the Georgia General Assembly and state representative for the 89th House District. She is a member of the  Democratic Party.

Career
Abrams was the Democratic nominee in the 2018 Georgia gubernatorial election, the first black female major party gubernatorial nominee in the United States. She narrowly lost the general election to Republican Secretary of State Brian Kemp, who, as Secretary of State was in charge of the election and is widely thought to have manipulated the election in his favor by disenfranchising African-American voters.

In June 2018 Stacey Abrams joined the 9th annual Augusta Pride festival and talked about her campaign.

Abrams received a single vote from Rep. Kathleen Rice for the 2019 election for Speaker of the United States House of Representatives.

In early February 2019, Abrams became the first African-American woman to deliver a State of the Union response to President Trump's earlier delivery.

On December 1, 2021, she announced she would be once again running for governor in the 2022 gubernatorial election.

References

1973 births
Living people
Lawyers from Wisconsin
Writers from Georgia (U.S. state)
Businesspeople from Georgia (U.S. state)
Politicians from Georgia (U.S. state)
Writers from Wisconsin
Politicians from Wisconsin
People from Madison, Wisconsin
US Democratic Party politicians
21st-century American novelists
21st-century American politicians
African American politicians
African American writers
American civil rights activists
American company founders
Human rights activists
Lawyers from Georgia (U.S. state)
Yale University alumni
Maryland Gazette

The Gazette, founded in 1727 as The Maryland Gazette, is one of the oldest newspapers in America. Its based on The Capital,. It was bought by The Baltimore Sun Media Group in 2014. Before, it was owned by the Capital Gazette Communications group, which published The Capital, Bowie Blade-News, Crofton-West County Gazette, and Capital Style Magazine.

References

Newspapers in Maryland
The Capital

The Capital is a daily newspaper published in Annapolis since 1884. Its sister newspaper, The Gazette, is one of the oldest newspapers in America.

The Capital serves the city of Annapolis, much of Anne Arundel County, and neighboring Kent Island in Queen Anne's County. The Capital was bought by The Baltimore Sun Media Group in 2014.

References

19th-century establishments in Maryland
1884 establishments in the United States
Newspapers in Maryland
Annapolis, Maryland
William Lewis (chess player)

William Lewis (1787–1870) was an English chess player and author. He is best known for the Lewis Countergambit and for being the first player ever to be described as a Grandmaster of the game.

Life and works 
Born in Birmingham, William Lewis moved to London where he worked for a merchant. He became a student of chess player Jacob Sarratt. In later years he showed himself to be very unkind to his old teacher. He said Sarratt's Treatise on the Game of Chess (1808) was a "poorly written book". But in 1822 three years after Sarrat died, Lewis published a second edition of it. This was in competition with a much better revision by Sarrat published in 1821 by Sarratt's poverty-stricken widow. In 1843, many players gave money to help the old widow, but Lewis' name is not on the list.

Around 1819 Lewis was the hidden player inside the Turk, a fake chess playing machine. He told Johann Maelzel that Peter Unger Williams, also a student of Sarratt, should be the next person to operate inside the machine. Maezel took his advice and Williams replaced Lewis.

Lewis began writing books including translations of the works of Greco and Carrera, published in 1819 and 1822.

He was the leading English player in a game played by letters sent between London and Edinburgh in 1824, won by the Scots. He wrote a book on the match with analysis of the games. In 1834–36 he was on the Committee of the Westminster Chess Club. They lost games played by letter with the Paris Chess Club. The other players were his students McDonnell and Walker, while the French team included Boncourt, Alexandre, St. Amant and Chamouillet. When De La Bourdonnais visited England in 1825, Lewis played about 70 games with the French master.

Lewis was known as a famous chess player in his time. The weekly magazine Bell's Life in 1838 called him "our past grandmaster", the first known use of the term in chess. In 1825 he began a chess club where he taught people to play the game. He wrote two books on how to play chess, the Series of Progressive Lessons (1831) and Second Series of Progressive Lessons (1832). 

Lewis's books, and those of his teacher Sarratt, were based on reworking Philidor's ideas to those of the Modenese school of Del Rio, Lolli and Ponziani. Lewis gradually stopped playing competition chess. 

After his retirement he wrote other chess books, but he was no longer up to date with new ideas. The Oxford Chess Companion said his last book, A Treatise on Chess (1844), was already "out of date when published".

References and notes

Other websites 

 Some of the games of Lewis can be found at chessgames.com

1787 births
1870 deaths
British chess players
Sportspeople from Birmingham
Mod (video games)

A video game mod is a change made to a video game. The word mod is short for modification. A mod can be a change to any part of a game, including how it sounds, how it plays, the way it looks, or anything else. They are usually created by fans of a game instead of the people who made the original game. Mods are usually put on the internet for free when they are released.

Mods can be as small or as large as the creators want it to be. They can be minor bug fixes, or they can change so many things that they become a completely different game. Large mods like that are sometimes called total conversions. Some popular examples of total conversion mods that became separate video games are Counter-Strike, Team Fortress, and Killing Floor. 

Mods can help a game become more famous and successful. Many people think that good mods can make a game more fun and interesting than the original. Some video game companies saw this and decided to give mod creators tools to help them make even more mods. Examples of companies that have done this are id Software, Valve Corporation, Mojang AB, and Bethesda Softworks.

Sometimes, a mod of a game might become just as popular as the original game, or more popular. When this happens, the word vanilla is often used to talk about the original game without mods.

References 

Video games
Land's End

Land's End is a headland in western Cornwall, England. It is the westernmost point of mainland Cornwall and England. Land's End is at the end of the Penwith peninsula. It is about  west-south-west of Penzance at the western end of the A30 main road. A modern holiday complex has been built nearby.

Land's End is  from John o' Groats in Scotland by road.

References 

Geography of Cornwall
Capes
Kenneth Matengu

Kenneth Kamwi Matengu (born 1978, Katima Mulilo) is a Namibian professor. He was Pro-Vice Chancellor for Research, Innovation  and Resources Mobilization at the University of Namibia from 2016 to 2018. On 29 June 2018, Matengu was appointed as the third Vice Chancellor of the University of Namibia becoming the youngest person to assume the position.

Education

Matengu did his high school at Caprivi Senior Secondary. He holds a
Certificate in International Relations from the University of Tampere, Bachelor's degree in Geography and Sociology from the University of Namibia, Doctor of Philosophy, Ph.D (exemia cum laudar) in Innovation Diffusion and Development from the University of Eastern Finland. He has published 50 peer review articles, books and book chapters, as well as international conference papers.

References

Namibian people
1978 births
Living people
Academics
Guizhou

Guizhou is a province of the People's Republic of China in the southwestern part of the country. Its capital city is Guiyang.

Guizhou is a relatively poor and economically undeveloped province, but rich in natural, cultural and environmental resources. Demographically it is one of China's most diverse provinces. Minority groups such as the Miao / Hmong and Yao make up more than 37% of the population. In 1957-58, an influenza virus spread to most of the world and killed between 1-4 million people.

References

Provinces of China
Ruwen Filus

Ruwen Filus (February 14, 1988 in Bückeburg) is a German table tennis player.

Career 
Ruwen played first international in 2002. He's a modern defender, so he uses long pips and an attacking rubber on the forehand. At the European Championships for youth he reached the first place together with the team. In 2003 he won even gold in the singles and with the team, so he climbs from place 90 in the world rankings for adults to place 70. Since 2005 he played different tournaments, for example the World Junior Circuit, where Filus reached the Quarterfinal. At the World Championships he came under the best eight players in the doubles. His first tournament at the Pro Tour end with the reaching of the last 64. 2006 Filus won bronze at the European Championships for youth, with the team he won gold. Since 2007 he played in the adult area, too, where he reached the Round of tha last 16 at the Korea Open. 2008 he played some Pro Tour tournaments, since 2009 he played different events, for example the European Championships, where Ruwen came under the top eight, he lost to Timo Boll. 2010 he played only two events, so he fell back to place 60 in the world rankings. 2011 Ruwen played at the World Cup, there he won bronze together with the team. At the WTTC he came under the last 64 in the singles. At the European Championships he won gold with the team. 2012 he came under the last 16 at the ETTC, on the Pro Tour he won the Czech Open. 2013 he won bronze at the Czech Open and came to the Quarterfinal at the ETTC. 2014 he had very strong injuries, but in 2015 he reached the Quarterfinal at the ETTC again, with the team he won silver. 2016 the German team lost in the group qualification. 2017 he won gold with the German team at the ETTC, 2018 was it silver at the WTTC.

Successes

Singles 
 World Championships (WTTC): 2017- silver
 European Championships: 2013, 2015- Quarterfinal

Team 
 European Championships: 2011, 2017- gold
 World Championships: 2017- silver

Personal life 
Ruwen has a daughter who's severely disabled.

References 

1988 births
Living people
German table tennis players
Olympic medalists
Halewood

Halewood is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Knowsley in Merseyside, England. It lies near the city of Liverpool's southeastern boundary. It is bordered by the suburbs of Netherley, Hunt's Cross and Woolton. Halewood was historically a part of Lancashire.

Population
At the 2001 Census, the population of the civil parish was 20,309. It was similar at the 2011 Census. The combined population of Halewood's four local government wards was 29,217.

Transport
Halewood railway station opened in 1988. An earlier station, a few hundred metres further east, closed in 1951.

Towns in Merseyside
Civil parishes in Merseyside
Sefton, Merseyside

Sefton is a village and civil parish in the Metropolitan Borough of Sefton in Merseyside, England. It is located to the south west of Maghull and to the north east of Great Crosby. It is on the flood plain of the River Alt. The village is bisected by the B5422, Brickwall Lane. At the 2001 Census the population was recorded as 772. This increased to 855 at the 2011 Census.

Civil parishes in Merseyside
Julian of Norwich

Julian of Norwich, or Juliana of Norwich (c.1342–c.1416) was an anchoress (a woman who locks herself away to be closer to God). She wrote "Revelations of Divine Love". It is the first known English book written by a woman.

1340s births
1410s deaths
People from Norwich
English people
English writers
Christian writers
Christian mystics
English Roman Catholics
Non-fiction books
Versoix

Versoix is a municipality of the canton of Geneva in Switzerland.

Geography 
Versoix sits on the northwest side of Lake Geneva northeast of the city of Geneva.

It has of the villages of Richelien, Creuson, Sauverny, Petit-Saint-Loup, Ecogia, Versoix-la-Ville, Pont-Céard, Port-Choiseul, Versoix-Bourg, Versoix - lac and Crève-Cœur.

References

Other websites 

 Official website 
 Musique Municipale de Versoix and music school 
 Historical images of extreme weather conditions in Versoix - 1905

Municipalities of Geneva
Cities in Switzerland
Patrice Talon

Patrice Guillaume Athanase Talon (born 1 May 1958) is a Beninese businessman and politician. He has been President of Benin since 6 April 2016.

In September 2021, Patrice Talon and Thomas Boni Yayi, political allies who have become intimate enemies, met at the Marina Palace in Cotonou. During this tête-à-tête, Thomas Boni Yayi presented Patrice Talon with a series of proposals and requests, relating in particular to the release of “political detainees”.'

References 

1958 births
African businesspeople
Presidents of Benin
Roman Catholics
Current national leaders
Living people
November 1989 tornado outbreak

The November 1989 tornado outbreak was a natural disaster in the United States from November 15-16, 1989.

Notable tornadoes

Huntsville, Alabama 
During the morning hours of November 14, the local forecasts issued a warning for severe thunderstorms on Wednesday.

At 9:30 a.m. on November 15, the National Severe Storms Forecast Center issued a strong potential for severe thunderstorms and tornadoes across the Tennessee Valley. At 10:50 a.m., the Birmingham office issued a major severe weather threat for Alabama and northern Florida.

A tornado watch was issued at 12:45 p.m. CST and was in effect until 8:00 p.m. CST that evening. Shortly thereafter, warnings were coming out as a squall line passed through. Spotters reported large hail and damaging winds at this time.

At the time of the tornado, a severe thunderstorm warning was in effect. Later, they spotted rotation in the wall cloud, but the rotation dissipated shortly thereafter. At 4:25 p.m., the rotation picked up again.

The tornado hit during the afternoon rush hour, killing 21 people and injuring 463 others. Most of these deaths happened in cars (similar to the 1979 Wichita Falls tornado). This was rated an F4 on the Fujita Scale.

Newburgh, New York 
A downburst struck East Coldenham Elementary School on November 16, 1989 at 11:35 a.m., blowing down a cafeteria wall, killing nine people and injuring eighteen. This was considered a F1 tornado. Former President Ronald Reagan was on the site within minutes.

1989 in the United States
1989
Heysham

Heysham is a large coastal village near Lancaster, Lancashire, England. It overlooks Morecambe Bay. It is a ferry port, with services to the Isle of Man and Ireland. Heysham nuclear power station is at Heysham.

Villages in Lancashire
Big Bill Bissonnette

Big Bill Bissonnette (February 5, 1937 – June 26, 2018) was an American jazz trombonist, drummer, and music producer. He was born in New Orleans, Louisiana. In the 1960s, he led his own group, the Easy Riders Jazz Band, formed his own label, Jazz Crusade, and organized northern tours for Kid Thomas Valentine, George Lewis, and Jim Robinson.

Bissonnette came in first place as "New Young Artist" in the 1965 Jazzology Jazz Poll. Over 30 years later he placed No. 5 among all jazz trombonists in the same poll.

Bissonnette died in New Orleans on June 26, 2018 at the age of 81.

References

Musicians from New Orleans, Louisiana
American jazz musicians
American drummers
American trombonists
American record producers
1937 births
2018 deaths
National Railway Museum

The National Railway Museum (NRM) is a museum in York forming part of the British Science Museum Group of National Museums. It tells the story of rail transport in Great Britain and its impact on society. It has won many awards, including the European Museum of the Year Award in 2001. It is the home of the national collection of historically significant railway vehicles. There is also a collection of other artefacts and both written and pictorial records.

Museums in the United Kingdom
York
National museums
Transport in England
Steven Hilliard Stern

Steven Hilliard Stern (November 1, 1937 – June 27, 2018) was a Canadian-born American television and movie director, producer and screenwriter. He was born in Timmins, Ontario. Stern was known for his works with Michael Douglas, Christopher Reeve and Christopher Plummer. His best known movies are The Devil and Max Devlin, Mazes and Monsters, and Money. Stern was also known for directing the miniseries Black Fox.

Stern died on June 27, 2018 of stomach cancer in Los Angeles, California at the age of 80.

References

Other websites

Steven Hilliard Stern biography on FilmReference.com

1937 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from stomach cancer
Cancer deaths in Los Angeles
Canadian movie directors
Canadian television directors
Canadian movie producers
Canadian television producers
Canadian television writers
Naturalized citizens of the United States
American television directors
American television producers
American television writers
Movie directors from Los Angeles
Movie producers from Los Angeles
Screenwriters from Los Angeles
Writers from Ontario
Kwesi Amissah-Arthur

Paa Kwesi Bekoe Amissah-Arthur (29 April 1951 – 29 June 2018) was a Ghanaian economist, academic and politician. He was the fifth Vice-President of Ghana's 4th Republic, in office from 6 August 2012 until 7 January 2017, under President John Dramani Mahama. Before, he was Governor of the Bank of Ghana from 2009 to 2012. He was born in Cape Coast.

Amissah-Arthur died of a heart attack in Accra on 29 June 2018, aged 67.

References

1951 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Vice presidents
Educators
Economists
Ghanaian people
Ghanaian politicians
Nana Akufo-Addo

Nana Addo Dankwa Akufo-Addo ( ; born William Addo Dankwa Akufo-Addo; 29 March 1944) is a Ghanaian politician. He is the President of Ghana, in office since January 2017. He served as Attorney General from 2001 to 2003 and as Minister for Foreign Affairs from 2003 to 2007.

In 2020, Akufo-Addo was re-elected beating former President John Mahama.

In December 2021, Nana-Akufo Addo undertakes to remain only in two constituents and not to represent herself in 2024.

References

Other websites
 GhanaWeb: Nana Addo Dankwa Akufo-Addo biography.
 EIN News: Nana Addo Dankwa Akufo-Addo 
 Ghpage: Nana Addo Dankwa Akuffo Addo family and biography 

1944 births
Living people
Lawyers
Current national leaders
Presidents of Ghana
John Kufuor

John Kofi Agyekum Kufuor (born 8 December 1938) is a Ghanaian politician. He was President of Ghana from 7 January 2001 to 7 January 2009. He was also Chairperson of the African Union from 2007 to 2008.

References

Other websites
The John A. Kufuor Foundation
Ghana-pedia webpage – John K.A. Kufuor
President of Ghana Speaks at Ahmadiyya Muslim Caliphate Centenary Convention
Official website of the Government of Ghana
Official website of the Office of the President of Ghana
Interview with John Kufuor about Nigerian elections – broadcast on Radio France Internationale
Notable biographes
www.encyclopedia.com

1938 births
Living people
Presidents of Ghana
African Union chairpersons
Video chat

Video chat is a way of communicating online using the 
Internet where the parties concerned use a camera–microphone combination installed in either their computers or in their smart phones. For streaming video a speed of at least 2 Mbps is needed, to alleviate a choppy signal and disconnects. For sound transmission, much less speed is required, so often during times of heavy network congestion video is often turned off, to maintain connection continuity.

Video chat is an extremely popular form of communication in the 21st century and is often utilized for many reasons;

 To communicate with family or friends
 Real time business communication
 Real time educational instruction

Telecommunications
Napier Deltic

The Napier Deltic is an unusual type of diesel engine.  It was used in boats and railway locomotives. The cylinders are arranged in a triangular form with two pistons in each cylinder. There are three crankshafts which are geared together at one end of the engine. These engines usually had nine cylinders (three banks of three) or eighteen cylinders (six banks of three). These engines were built by D. Napier & Son.

Key to animation
 Green = incoming air
 Orange = burning fuel/air mixture
 Purple = outgoing exhaust gas

References

Motors
Walker Stapleton

Walker Stapleton (born April 15, 1974) is an American Republican politician. He is the State Treasurer of Colorado, having taken office on January 11, 2011.

Stapleton is a Bush family relative. He graduated from Williams College and received a M.A. from London School of Economics. He earned his M.B.A. from Harvard Business School.

In September 2017, Stapleton announced his candidacy for Governor of Colorado. He lost the election to Jared Polis in the general election in November 2018.

References

Other websites
 Walker Stapleton for Governor 

1974 births
Living people
Alumni of the London School of Economics
Harvard University alumni
Politicians from Colorado
US Republican Party politicians
Bush family
Liliane Montevecchi

Liliane Montevecchi (October 13, 1932 – June 29, 2018) was a French-Italian actress, dancer, and singer. She was born in Paris. In 1982 she drew the attention of critics and audiences for her performance in Nine, with Raúl Juliá, for which she won both the Tony and Drama Desk Award for Best Featured Actress in a Musical.

Montevecchi died on June 29, 2018 in New York City from colorectal cancer at the age of 85.

References

Other websites
 

Tony Award winning actors
Drama Desk Award winners
1932 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from colorectal cancer
Cancer deaths in New York City
French movie actors
French television actors
French stage actors
French singers
French dancers
Italian movie actors
Italian television actors
Italian stage actors
Italian singers
Actors from Paris
Matt Cappotelli

Matthew Lee Cappotelli (November 12, 1979 – June 29, 2018) was an American professional wrestler. He was born in Caledonia, New York. He won the Tough Enough III with John Hennigan. He worked in Ohio Valley Wrestling (OVW), the primary developmental territory for WWE. 

In July 2017, Cappotelli was diagnosed with glioblastoma, a rare form of brain cancer. He stopped his cancer treatment in May 2018. He died on June 29, 2018 in Louisville, Kentucky, aged 38.

References

1979 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from glioblastoma
American professional wrestlers
Sportspeople from New York
Caledonia, New York

Caledonia is a town in Livingston County, New York, United States. The population was 4,255 at the 2010 census. The Town of Caledonia has the village of Caledonia. The town is in the northwest part of the county and is southwest of Rochester, New York.

Other websites
 Town of Caledonia, official website

Towns in New York
Jerry Rawlings

Jerry John Rawlings (22 June 1947 – 12 November 2020) was a Ghanaian politician and military official. He served as the 1st President of the Fourth Republic Ghana serving from 1993 to 2001.

Rawlings died at a hospital in Accra on 12 November 2020 from COVID-19, aged 73.

References

Other websites
 Flight Lieutenant Jeremiah John Rawlings 
 Official Website 
 Biography of Jerry J. Rawlings at Encyclopædia Britannica

1947 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in Ghana
Presidents of Ghana
Generals
President of Ghana

The President of the Republic of Ghana is the elected head of state and head of government of Ghana, as well as Commander-in-Chief of the Ghana Armed Forces. The current President of Ghana is Nana Akufo-Addo.

Eligibility
According to Chapter 8, Article 62 of the 1992 Constitution of Ghana, a person shall not be qualified for election as the President of Ghana unless:

(a) he/she is a citizen of Ghana by birth
(b) he/she has attained the age of  forty years; and
(c) he/she is a person who is otherwise qualified to be elected a Member of Parliament, except that the disqualifications set out in paragraphs (c), (d), and (e) of clause (2) of article 94 of this Constitution shall not be removed, in respect of any such person, by a presidential pardon or by the lapse of time as provided for in clause (5) of that article.

List of presidents of the Fourth Republic (1993–present)

References

Other websites
 World Statesmen – Ghana
 Rulers.org – Ghana
Daytime television

Daytime television is a daypart that runs from 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. Eastern Time. It is after a breakfast/morning show program and before the early fringe of primetime.

This programming block features game shows like Let's Make a Deal and The Price is Right, soap operas like The Young and the Restless, The Bold and the Beautiful, General Hospital, and Days of Our Lives, and talk shows like The Talk, The Doctors and Dr. Phil. Some local affiliates air their local newscasts at noon Eastern Time and 11:00 a.m. Central Time.

Television genres
Ultimate Custom Night

Ultimate Custom Night is a point-and-click survival horror video game created by Scott Cawthon. It is the second official spin-off of the Five Nights at Freddy's game series, the first one being FNaF World. The game was released on June 27, 2018 for free on Steam and Game Jolt.

The game allows the player to choose from 50 characters from all six main Five Nights at Freddy's games, as well from a spin-off, FNaF World, and set their difficulty levels for the night from a minimum of '0' to a maximum of '20'.

It received good reviews.

References

Five Nights at Freddy's (series)
Sara Amelia Bernard

Sara Amelia Bernard (born 18 August 1992) is a Malaysian model and actress. She is the season 2 winner of TV3’s reality game show Clever Girl Malaysia.

Early life

Sara was born in Ipoh, Perak. Her mother is of British-Malay descent and her father is Iban-German. She is the eldest of three siblings. She attended high school at SMK Convent Ipoh and completed her A-Level’s in Mathematics, Psychology and Economics at Taylor’s College Sri Hartamas.

Clever Girl Malaysia

Sara, representing Perak, beat 13 other contestants to win season 2 of Clever Girl Malaysia. She won the prize of RM100,000. The reality game show aired on TV3 for 10 weeks.

Miss Malaysia World controversy

In 2013, Sara was disqualified from competing in the Miss Malaysia World pageant. Her disqualification followed a religious ban prohibiting Muslim girls from participating in beauty pageants. This controversy led to her dreams of obtaining the crown shattered.

References

1992 births
Malaysian actors
Models
Muslims
Living people
Council of Foreign Ministers

Council of Foreign Ministers was an organisation agreed upon at the Potsdam Conference in 1945 and announced in the Potsdam Agreement.

The Potsdam Agreement specified that the Council would be composed of the Foreign Ministers of the United Kingdom, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, China, France, and the United States. It would normally meet in London (at Lancaster House) and the first meeting was to take place no later than 1 September 1945. As the immediate important task, the Council was authorised to draw up treaties of peace with Italy, Romania, Bulgaria, Hungary and Finland, and to propose settlements of territorial questions outstanding on the termination of the war in Europe. Also the Council should prepare a peace settlement for Germany to be accepted when a "government adequate for the purpose is established".
1945
Metal rectifier

A metal rectifier is an early type of semiconductor rectifier in which the semiconductor is copper oxide or selenium.  They were used to convert alternating current to direct current. They were often used in devices such as radios and battery chargers.   Westinghouse Electric was a major manufacturer of these rectifiers since the late 1920s.

In some countries the term "metal rectifier" is applied to all such devices. In other countries the term "metal rectifier" normally refers to copper-oxide types, and "selenium rectifier" to  selenium-iron types.

Other websites
  Rectifier used as an AM-demodulator 
 Cougar Electronics - example of "legacy" selenium rectifier manufacturer
 The Copper Oxide Rectifier  This document discusses the history of the copper oxide rectifier, and, in particular, the use of Chilean copper in its manufacture; the thallium catastrophe that befell the manufacture of selenium rectifiers is also discussed.

Electronic components
Rectifiers
Mercury-arc rectifier

A Mercury-arc rectifier is a type of rectifier used for converting alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC). The cathode is made from a pool of liquid mercury. Mercury-arc rectifiers  were rugged and durable. They could carry higher currents than most other types of rectifier.

The mercury-arc rectifier was invented in 1902 by Peter Cooper Hewitt. They were used to provide power for industrial electric motors, electric railways, trams, and electric locomotives. Other uses included radio transmitters and high-voltage direct current (HVDC) power transmission. They were the primary method of high power rectification before the advent of solid-state electronics in the 1970s. The solid-state rectifier has since replaced the mercury-arc rectifier.

References

Rectifiers
Electronic components
Gas turbine

A gas turbine, also called a combustion turbine, is a type of internal combustion engine. The simplest form has three main parts:
 A rotating gas compressor (SP in the diagram) to compress air
 A combustion chamber, called a combustor (KS in the diagram) where fuel is injected
 A turbine (TG in the diagram) on the same shaft as the compressor

The diagram shows a single-shaft gas turbine. One turbine drives both the compressor and the load, such as an electric generator.  There are also two-shaft gas turbines, with separate turbines to drive the compressor and the load. Two-shaft turbines are better for driving road and rail vehicles because they can give more torque at low speed.

Related pages
 Turbojet

Motors
Theorema egregium

Gauss's Theorema Egregium (Latin for "Remarkable Theorem") is a major result of differential geometry proved by Carl Friedrich Gauss. The theorem is about the curvature of surfaces.  The theorem states that  curvature can be determined by measuring angles, distances and their rates on a surface alone. There is no need to talk about the particular manner in which the surface is embedded in the surrounding three-dimensional Euclidean space.  In other words, the Gaussian curvature of a surface does not change if one bends the surface without stretching it.  

Gauss presented the theorem in this manner (translated from Latin):

For this reason the formula of the preceding article leads itself to the remarkable Theorem. If a curved surface is developed on any other surface whatever, the measure of curvature in each point remains unchanged.

The theorem is "remarkable" because the starting definition of Gaussian curvature makes direct use of the  position of the surface in space. So it is quite surprising that the result does not depend on its embedding in spite of all bending and twisting deformations undergone.

Theorems in geometry
Differential geometry
Borgo Maggiore

Borgo Maggiore is one of the 9 communes or "castelli" of San Marino. 6,631 live there (October 2013). It the second largest town of San Marino, after Dogana.

It is next to the San Marino municipalities Serravalle, Domagnano, Faetano, Fiorentino, San Marino, and Acquaviva and the Italian municipality Verucchio. It is at the foot of Monte Titano.

References 

Municipalities of San Marino