cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Noel Edmonds

Noel Ernest Edmonds (born 22 December 1948) is an English television presenter. He is best known for hosting the television programmes Noel's House Party and Deal or No Deal. Edmonds is host of a game show called Are You Smarter Than A Ten Year Old (the British version of Are You Smarter Than a 5th Grader?). 

He was a DJ on BBC Radio 1 throughout the 1970s. Edmonds also presented Swap Shop.

Personal life
Edmonds was married to Gillian Slater in 1971. The marriage ended in divorce after eleven years. In July 1986, he married Helen Soby.  They have four daughters: Charlotte, Lorna, Olivia and Alice. The couple bought an  estate at Jacobstowe, near Okehampton, Devon as a family home. In 2004, he and Soby divorced.  There was much tabloid publicity because of her extramarital affair.

It was reported that Edmonds was involved with English teacher and former Miss England Pauline Bull. 

On July 23, 2009 Edmonds married his third wife, Liz Davies.  She was a make-up artist on the programme Deal or No Deal. 

As a result of his success on Deal or No Deal, Edmonds purchased a new home in Devon, a £1.7 million Grade-II manor house.

Edmonds was one of the trio Brown Sauce, along with Maggie Philbin and Keith Chegwin.  They released the single "I Wanna Be a Winner" in 1981.  It reached number 15 in the UK singles chart.

References

1948 births
Living people
British game show hosts
British radio personalities
English television presenters
People from Ilford
Television personalities from Essex
Quizmania

Quizmania was a quiz television show on ITV Play. Viewers at home phoned in to guess answers to questions to win money.

Quizmania was on ITV from 2005-2007. It has been online since 2008.

Presenters
Debbie King
Greg Scott
Lee Baldry
Nigel Mitchell
Chuck Thomas
Lottie Mayor
Tim Lichfield
Stuart Headlam
Kirsty Duffy
Lee Clark

2005 British television series debuts
2000s British television series
ITV game shows
Davina McCall

Davina Lucy Pascale McCall (born 16 October 1967) is an English television presenter. She was born in London to a French mother and British father. She is best known for having presented the UK version of Big Brother through its time on Channel 4 (2000–2010). She is the presenter of quiz show ''The Million Pound Drop Live.

References 
The real mcCall
Profile Davina McCall

Other websites 

Actors from London
Channel 4 presenters
English television actors
English television presenters
ITV presenters
Television personalities from London
1967 births
Living people
Artiodactyl

The Artiodactyla are even-toed ungulates, an order of mammals. They have an even number of toes: two or four. For example, camelids or animals of the Giraffidae family have two toes, but hippopotami have four toes.

Whales are ocean creatures without toes, but are classified in the related super-order Cetartiodactyla because their ancestors were even toed ungulates.

Digestion 
The ruminants (Ruminantia and Tylopoda) ruminate their food—they regurgitate and re-chew it. This is a very important evolutionary advance.  Their stomachs are divided into three to four sections. 

After eating, the food re-enters the mouth, where it is chewed again.  The food passes to the "fermentation chamber" (rumen and reticulum), where it is kept in continual motion by rhythmic contractions.  Microbes (bacteria, protozoa, and fungi) produce cellulase. The cellulase breaks down the cellulose found in plant material. 

This form of digestion has two advantages: ruminants can digest plants that are indigestible to other species, and they can take less time in eating.  The animal spends only a short time out in the open with his head to the ground—rumination can happen later, in a sheltered area.

Taxonomy 
 Order Artiodactyla
 Suborder Suina
 Family Suidae
 Family Tayassuidae
 Family Hippopotamidae
 Subfamily Maiaboarinae
 Suborder Tylopoda
 Family Camelidae
 Suborder Ruminantia
 Family Tragulidae
 Family Moschidae
 Family Cervidae
 Family Giraffidae
 Family Antilocapridae
 Family Bovidae

Related pages
Odd-toed ungulate

References

Other websites
Condor

Condor is the name for two species of New World vultures. Each is the only species in its genus. They are the largest flying land birds in the Western Hemisphere. They are:

 The Andean Condor (Vultur gryphus), which lives over the Andes.
 The California Condor (Gymnogyps californianus), now found only on the western coastal mountains of the United States and Mexico.

Condors are part of the family Cathartidae, whereas the 15 species of Old World vultures are in the family Accipitridae, that also includes falcons, hawks, and eagles. The New World and Old World vultures evolved from different ancestors. 

Condors are scavengers. They feed on carrion (dead animals). Their distinctive bare heads are an adaptation to their feeding method. It helps to keep them clean as they feed inside a carcass.

The Andean Condor has a wingspan of between 274 and 310 cm, and weights around 11–15 kg. The California Condor is smaller.

Fossil record 
Fossils from the Pleistocene era have been found in various parts of North America, including New York and Florida. California Condors or their ancestors once lived on the west coast of North America as well as all the way to the eastern coast. An ancient relative of the condor, Argentavis magnificens from South America, may have been the largest flying bird ever with a wingspan of .

References

Other websites 

Andean Condor postage stamps
Californian Condor stamps

Vultures
Ciconiiformes

bpy:কোনডোর্
Carrion

Carrion is the carcass of a dead animal. There are several kinds of animal that feed on such meat, such as vultures, hyenas, condors, or Tasmanian Devils. Carrion is an important source of food for several kinds of carnivores and omnivores. 

The Carrion beetles also feed on it. Some plants fake the smell of carrion (they smell like carrion), so that they will attract insects they eat. Predators do not normally feed on carrion- they hunt and kill the animals they eat.

Animals
Death
Bologna

Bologna (Emilian and Romagnol: Bulåggna) is the capital and largest city of Emilia-Romagna in Northern Italy. It has about 390,000 inhabitants.

History
Bologna was founded by the Etruscans with the name Felsina (c. 534 BC) and became a Roman colony in 189 BC.

In the 11th century Bologna began to grow again as a free commune, joining the Lombard League against Frederick Barbarossa in 1164.

The University of Bologna, founded in 1088, is the oldest existing university in Europe.

After being crushed in the Battle of Zappolino by the Modenese in 1325, Bologna began to decay and asked the protection of the Pope at the beginning of the 14th century.

In 1980, 85 people were killed in a bombing at Bologna Centrale railway station. This was the most deadly terrorist attack in the history of Italy.

Weather
Bologna has a humid subtropical climate (Cfa in the Koeppen climate classification).

6th-century BC establishments
 
Regional capitals in Italy
1088



Events 
 Succession of Pope Urban II (1088-1099)
 Work begins on the third and largest church at Cluny
 Rebellion of 1088 against William II of England lead by Odo of Bayeux.
 Mansur ibn Nasir succeeds Nasir ibn Alnas as ruler of the Hammadid dynasty
 University of Bologna was founded.

Deaths 
 January 6 – Berengar of Tours, French theologian
 July 3 – Robert of Rhuddlan, Norman ruler of most of North Wales
 Naser Khosrow, Persian theologian
 William de Warenne, 1st Earl of Surrey, Norman aristocrat
Pieve Ligure

Pieve Ligure is an Italian town in the region of Liguria in the province of Genoa in Italy. The population in Pieve Ligure is 2,458.

Pieve has a sea and hill environment. There are no beaches on the coast, but only rocks which people swim and free divew forom. The wildlife there is very varied from young catfish to octopus. The highest place of the town is S. Croce (516 m). The economy is based on agriculture and tourism.

Towns in Italy
Settlements in Liguria
Gamal Abdel Nasser

Gamal Abdel Nasser Hussein (15 January 1918 – 28 September 1970) was the second President of Egypt from 1956 until his death. Along with Mohamed Naguib, the first President, he led the Egyptian Revolution of 1952 which overthrew the monarchy of Egypt and Sudan, and brought in a new period of change in Egypt. This change made Egypt a more socialist and modern country. In 1954 Naquib resigned as President. Nasser ruled the country, and became President in 1956. He promoted pan-Arab nationalism, including a union with Syria that did not last very long.

Nasser is seen as one of the most important political figures in modern Arab history and politics. Under his leadership, Egypt nationalized the Suez Canal and a lot of other industries, and became important in stopping imperialism in the Arab World and Africa. He was also important in starting the Non-Aligned Movement. Nasser's version of pan-Arabism, which is often called "Nasserism", was very popular in the Arab world during the 1950s and 1960s. Even after the Israeli victory over the Arab armies in the Six-Day War damaged the way the public saw him, many Arabs still view Nasser as a symbol of Arab dignity and freedom.

References

1918 births
1970 deaths
Colonels
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Disease-related deaths in Egypt
Egyptian military people
Egyptian Muslims
People from Alexandria
Presidents of Egypt
Stork

Storks are a family of birds (Ciconiidae). They usually live near shallow bodies of water where they wade through the water, and catch small animals, like frogs, crabs, or small fish. Many species of stork are migratory, they spend the summer and the winter in different places. There are 19 different species of stork, in six genera. The marabou stork is the largest species of stork. The Abdim's stork is the smallest species of stork

Probably the best known stork is the white stork. It is known to build large nests in high places. Stork nests are often very large. They may be used for many years. Beforehand, people believed storks were monogamous, that they only had one partner in life. More recent research has shown  that they may change partners. They are attached to a nest almost as much as to a partner.

The marabou stork, which lives in Africa, has a wingspan of up to 320 cm. This makes it the largest bird still alive, together with the Andean condor.

Species
There are nineteen species of stork. They include:
 Abdim's stork
 African openbill
 Asian openbill
 Asian woollyneck
 Black stork
 Black-backed stork
 Greater adjutant
 Jabiru
 Lesser adjutant
 Maguari stork
 Marabou stork
 Milky stork
 Oriental stork
 Painted stork
 Saddle-billed stork
 Storm's stork
 White stork
 Wood stork
 Yellow-billed stork

In fiction 
The stork has many legends (stories) about it, as in the Ancient Greek storyteller's Aesop's (6th century BC) The Farmer and the Stork and The Fox and the Stork. The first fable (short story) begins with a farmer plowing his fields, planting his seeds and spreading his nets. These nets caught a few cranes who hopped behind him eating the seed. Along with the cranes in his net the farmer discovered a stork with a broken leg. The stork begged the farmer to spare his life, saying that he was not a crane, but a stork. He pointed to his feathers and told the farmer that they didn’t resemble a crane’s feathers at all. The farmer laughed at the stork and said, “I have taken you with these robbers (thieves), the cranes, and you must die in their company.” Another common legend is that storks deliver babies  instead of the mothers giving birth.

Images

Ciconiiformes
Tampa Bay Lightning

The Tampa Bay Lightning is an ice hockey team in the National Hockey League (NHL). They were formed in 1991, and began playing in 1992-93 NHL season.

The Lightning has won the Stanley Cup championship twice and won the Division title 4 times (2002-03, 2003-04, 2017-18, and 2018-19). 

Before the Lightning's Stanley Cup championship, the team was regarded as one of the worst team in the league. It made the play-offs once before winning the Southeast Division in 2002-03.  

It won the Stanley Cup championship in 2003-04, the year before the NHL Lock-Out. Under the leadership of captain Dave Andreychuk, and the strong goaltending performance of goaltender Nikolai Khabibulin, the Lightning earned its first Stanley Cup over the Calgary Flames in 7 games.

During the Lightning's Stanley Cup winning year, Martin St. Louis won the Hart Trophy, the league's most valuable player. After game 7 against the Calgary Flames, Brad Richards was awarded the Conn Smythe Trophy, the play-offs most valuable player. Also, coach John Tortorella was awarded the Jack Adams Trophy for coach of the year.

References

Other websites
Official website

 
1991 establishments in the United States
1990s establishments in Florida
Tapir

The tapirs or tapir deer are a family of odd-toed ungulate mammals. They form the family Tapiridae. The only living genus is Tapirus.

The first tapirids appeared in the Eocene epoch, and by the Oligocene they looked similar to the present-day species. For much of their history, tapirs were spread across the Northern Hemisphere extinct as recently as 10,000 years ago.

Taxonomy 
 Family Tapiridae
 Brazilian tapir or Lowland tapir (Tapirus terrestris)
 Mountain Tapir (Tapirus pinchaque)
 Baird's tapir (Tapirus bairdii)

 Malayan tapir (Tapirus indicus)
Kabomani tapir (Tapirus kabomani)

Appearance 
Tapirs are about 2 m / 7 ft long and about 1 meter / 3 ft high. They weigh between 150 - 300 kg / 330 - 700 lb. They have a rounded body and very short stubby tails. Tapirs have hoofed toes, with four toes on the front feet and three toes on the hind feet. The Tapir's upper lip and nose have formed a short trunk, and they have a long tongue.

Tapirs have a short fur, with colors that are reddish-brown to grey to nearly black. Exceptions are the Mountain Tapir and the Asian Tapir. The Mountain Tapir has longer wooly fur. The Asian Tapir has a black front part and legs, and a white middle part and back. All baby tapirs have brown fur, with lighter stripes and dots for camouflage.

Tapirs cannot see very well, but they have good hearing and a very good sense of smell. Tapirs also swim very well.

Habitat 
Tapirs live in of South America and Central America, except the Asian Tapir which lives in Southeast Asia. 
Tapirs live in dense forests, and close to water.

Life 
Tapirs are active at night. They eat leaves, fruit, berries, vegetables and nuts.

Tapirs live alone. After a pregnancy of about 13 months, the female gives birth to a single baby. After half a year the baby starts to lose the baby-coloring of its fur. When the young tapir is one year old it looks like an adult tapir, and it leaves its mother. Tapirs become mature when they are 4 years old. Tapirs can become 25 – 30 years old.

Gallery

References

Other websites 

 IUCN/SSC Tapir Specialist Group
 The Tapir Gallery at The Tapir Preservation Fund website
 World Tapir Day website
 Baird's Tapir Project of Costa Rica 

Odd-toed ungulates
Joel Engel

Joel S. Engel is an American scientist. He was the Head of Research at Bell Laboratories (Belltel) in 1973. He was born on February 4, 1936 in New York City, New York. In 1973, Martin Cooper made the first mobile phone call to him whilst walking the streets of New York City.

1936 births
Living people
Scientists from New York
People from New York City
Engineered languages

An Engineered language is a constructed language used to help experiment in logic, philosophy, and linguistics.

There are three types of Engineered language:
Philosophical languages
Logical languages
Experimental languages

Constructed languages
Pronghorn

The pronghorn (Antilocapra americana) is an even-toed ungulate mammal, the only living member of the family Antilocapridae. It is a small ruminant mammal which looks a bit like an antelope. The pronghorn lives in North America. It lives in the prairies, but sometimes also in the desert and the Rocky Mountains. 

The antilocaprids evolved in North America, where they filled a niche similar to that of the bovids that evolved in the Old World. During the Miocene and Pliocene, they were a diverse and successful group, with many different species. Some had horns with bizarre shapes, or had four, or even six, horns.

Appearance 
The pronghorn has a yellowish-brown to reddish-brown colored fur with a white underside, and white stripes on the neck and around the mouth. Male pronghorns also have black markings on the neck and face. The males have horns that are up to 25 cm long. Females usually have no horns; if they have horns they are very short.

Life 
Pronghorns can be active at any time during day or night, but they are mostly active during twilight. Pronghorns eat grass, but also leaves and herbs. Pronghorns have the ability to digest poisonous plants. This is due to their excessively oversized liver, which helps in the filtering of toxins. 

In summer, adult male pronghorns fight with other males for a territory. In this territory the male keeps a group of females with which he mates in September. Adult males go to the extremes in fighting each other to win over the female by fatally injuring the other pronghorn and determining which male is stronger. Young males that do not yet fight for a territory form small groups, and old weak males live alone.  Females live in groups of about 20 animals. When the female is close to giving birth, it leaves the group for a time to give birth to its offspring. 

After a pregnancy of 8½ months the female gives birth to 1-2 babies, seldom 3. The babies hide for three days, and after a week they can run with their mother. A pronghorn baby has grey fur, and after 3 months it has the adult fur coloring. They drink milk for 5-6 months, and start to eat grass after three weeks. Females become mature when they are 15-16 months old, and males become mature when they are 24 months old.

Images

References

Even-toed ungulates
Graphical user interfaces and consoles

Computers can display information and let the user give commands to it using two methods: a command line interface (CLI) or a graphical user interface (GUI).

In a command line interface, the user types commands using the keyboard to tell the computer to take an action. For example, the more command available in most operating systems will display the contents of a file. Sometimes people call CLI “Console”, but consoles can be GUI, too.

In a graphical user interface, the user can use the computer mouse to click on buttons. For example, your web browser probably has a Print icon to print this page.

Graphical user interfaces are generally thought more easy to use than command lines. Command lines are faster than graphical user interfaces and can be used to give special commands to the computer. It also allows users to run more than one program at the same time.

List of operating systems with graphical user interfaces and command-line interfaces:

Microsoft Windows
Mac OS
Linux

Technology
Orchestration

Orchestration in music can have two meanings:

 It can mean: the study of how to write music for an orchestra.
 It can also mean the list of instruments that are used in a particular piece of music.

People who want to compose music for orchestras need to study orchestration.  They can do this by reading books about orchestration, but also they can do this by studying orchestral scores and listening to orchestras in concerts or on CDs.  Students at music colleges will also practise orchestration by taking piano music and arranging it for orchestra.

The word instrumentation means almost the same thing as “orchestration”.  “Instrumentation” means: understanding each instrument and knowing about all the sounds they can make.  It can be about any music with instruments, whereas “orchestration” refers to the orchestra from its beginnings in the 17th century to the present.

Orchestration is all about understanding how to write well for different instruments, how to combine them so that they sound well together and balance well.

Sometimes composers leave the orchestration of their works to other people.  Leonard Bernstein is famous as the composer of West Side Story, but although he composed all the notes he left it to other people to orchestrate.  The composer Maurice Ravel took a piano piece called Pictures at an Exhibition by Modest Mussorgsky (who had died forty years earlier). He arranged it for orchestra.  Most people know this version rather than Mussorgsky’s piano version.

Hector Berlioz and Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov are two famous composers who were particularly brilliant at writing for orchestra.  They both wrote books on orchestration which are still very useful today.

References 

Music
Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva

Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (born October 27, 1945) was the 39th President of Brazil. He was the president of Brazil from January 1, 2003 to December 31, 2010. He succeeded Fernando Henrique Cardoso, and was succeeded by Dilma Rousseff. His wife was Marisa Letícia Lula da Silva until her death in 2017.

Lula said he would run again for President in the 2018 election, but since his arrest he was ineligible to run.

On July 12, 2017, the former president was convicted at first instance of corruption (more specifically, the crime of passive corruption which in Brazilian criminal law is defined by the receipt of a bribe by a civil servant or government official) and money laundering and sentenced to nine years and six months in prison by judge Sérgio Moro.

References

Other websites
 "Brazil’s Presidential Election: Background on Economic Issues" from the Center for Economic and Policy Research 
 Profile of President Lula 
 Lula's foreign policy of Third World unity , The Nation
 Brazil's 'Lula' Celebrates Election as President, Voice of America News
 Financial markets hold for Lula, BBC News
 Peace, love and power , Radio Netherlands
 Brazil's Lost Leader  from the Council on Hemispheric Affairs
 "Interview transcript: Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva" July 11, 2006 Financial Times

1945 births
Living people
Presidents of Brazil
Honorary Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath
Paraná (state)

Paraná is a state in Southern Brazil. It is next to Paraguay and Argentina. Its capital is Curitiba. Paraná is a famous state because of Itaipu Dam and the Iguaçu Falls.

Paraná is bounded on the north by São Paulo, on the east by the Atlantic Ocean, on the south by Santa Catarina and the Misiones Province of Argentina, and on the west by Mato Grosso do Sul and the republic of Paraguay, with the Paraná River as its western boundary line.

Paraná is one of the Brazilian states that shows the most signs of recent European colonization. Most of the population are descendants of European settlers, and is one of the most ethnically diverse. Waves of European immigrants started arriving after 1850, mainly Germans, Italians, Poles and Ukrainians. The development of the state is closely linked to the arrival of the immigrants. Nowadays, migrants from other Brazilian states (especially from the São Paulo, Santa Catarina, Rio Grande do Sul and the Northeast Region) come to Paraná in search of a better life.

People of Polish descent predominate in the central and south regions, mainly around Curitiba. Italians predominate in the capital, Curitiba, and in the coast. People of Ukrainian descent predominate in a few cities, such as Prudentópolis; many Ukrainians are found throughout the state. Germans predominate in a few cities, such as Rolândia. Almost all towns have many Portuguese people and their descendants.

People of mixed-race ancestry predominate in a few towns in the north. There is an important Muslim Lebanese and Syrian community around Foz do Iguaçu. In the north, there are many Japanese people.

The main cities of the state are:

 Curitiba (Capital and largest, east)
 Londrina (2nd largest, north)
 Maringá (3rd largest, north)
 Foz do Iguaçu (4th largest, west)
 Ponta Grossa (5th largest, center-east)
 Cascavel (6th largest, center-west)
 São José dos Pinhais (7th largest, Greater Curitiba)
 Colombo (8th largest, Greater Curitiba)
 Guarapuava (9th largest, center)
 Paranaguá (10th largest, east-coast)

Album

References

Other websites 

  

 
States of Brazil
Dual Alliance

The Dual Alliance was an alliance made between Germany and Austria-Hungary. It was started to help one another if Russia attacked either of them. It was formed on October 7, 1879.

History of Germany
Austria-Hungary
Gibibyte

A gibibyte (GiB) is a unit of measurement in computers and similar electronic devices. One gibibyte holds 1024 mebibytes (MiB). Some people call this number of bytes a gigabyte. This would be considered the binary equivalent to the base-10 gigabyte, which consists of exactly one billion bytes.

A gibibyte is equivalent to 2³⁰ bytes (1,073,741,824 bytes) while a gigabyte is 10⁹ bytes (1,000,000,000 or a billion bytes)

1024 gibibytes make one tebibyte.

Related pages 

 Kibibyte
 Mebibyte
 Tebibyte
 Pebibyte

Computing measurement
Return to Castle Wolfenstein

Return to Castle Wolfenstein is a first person shooter computer game made by id Software and published by Activision for computers as well as PlayStation 2 and Xbox game consoles.

Other websites
 Return to Castle Wolfenstein Official Site
 Planet Wolfenstein
 Wolfstuff Return to Castle Wolfenstein Resources 
 GameFAQs Enemy Territory
 RTCW and ET Community Site 
 gamegate2k 
 RTCW.co.uk 
 
 Return to Castle Wolfenstein at MobyGames
 Bosskey.net - Return to Castle Wolfenstein

2001 video games
Activision video games
Shooter video games
PlayStation 2 games
Windows games
Xbox games
Online games
Queensland

Queensland is a state in eastern Australia. It is the second largest state by area and the third largest state by population. In 2006 there were 3,904,532 people living in Queensland.
	
It occupies the north-east corner of Australia. The state has the Northern Territory to the west, South Australia to the south-west and New South Wales to the south. To the east, Queensland is bordered by the Coral Sea and Pacific Ocean. The capital city is Brisbane.

The area was first settled by Indigenous Australians and Torres Strait Islanders, who arrived between 40,000 and 65,000 years ago. Later, Queensland was made a British Crown Colony that was separated from New South Wales in 1859. The area that currently forms Brisbane was originally the Moreton Bay punishment colony, intended as a place for criminals with a repeated offence history who had offended while serving out their sentences in New South Wales. The state later encouraged free settlement, and today Queensland's economy is dominated by the agricultural, tourist and natural resource sectors.

The population is concentrated in the south-east corner, which includes the capital Brisbane, Ipswich, Logan City, and the Gold Coast and Sunshine Coast. Other major regional centres include Cairns, Townsville, Mackay, Rockhampton, Bundaberg, Toowoomba, and Mount Isa. Queensland is often nicknamed the Sunshine State, since it enjoys warm weather and a sizable portion of the state is in the tropics.

Emblems of Queensland
 The floral emblem of Queensland is the Cooktown Orchid, Dendrobium phalaenopsis, which was chosen in 1959 for the centenary of the beginning of the state of Queensland.
 The fauna emblem of Queensland is the Koala, Phascolarctos cinereus. It was chosen in 1971.
 The bird emblem of Queensland is the Brolga, Grus rubicunda. It is the only one of the 17 species of crane that come from Queensland. It has been on the Queensland Coat of Arms since 1977, and became the bird emblem in 1986.
 The aquatic emblem is the Anemone Fish, Amphiprion akindynos. It was chosen in 2005.
 The state's official gem is the sapphire, which was first found in Queensland in 1870.

References

Other websites 

 Postcode Tool - Queensland 

 
1859 establishments in Australia
Babes in Toyland (1961 movie)

Babes in Toyland is an 1961 Disney musical movie. It starred Tommy Sands as Tom Piper and Annette Funicello as Mary Contrary. The characters in the movie are taken from Mother Goose nursery rhymes.

Plot

Tom the Piper's Son is about to marry Mary Quite Contrary. On the night before of their wedding, evil Barnaby hires two men, Gonzorgo and Roderigo, to drown Tom and take Mary's sheep. The sheep are being taken care of by Little Bo Peep. This will make life very hard for Mary and the children she lives with. It will make her have to marry Barnaby.

Tom and the sheep are taken by Gonzorgo and Roderigo, but they sell Tom to gypsies instead of killing him. Tom  escapes from the gypsies and goes with Mary, Bo-Peep, and other Mother Goose characters to Toyland.

Sources

Other websites 
 

1961 movies
1960s musical movies
1960s fantasy movies
Disney movies
American family movies
American musical movies
American fantasy movies
English-language movies
Airship

Airships are kind of aircraft. Airships float in the sky and do not have to move to stay up. This is different from aeroplanes that stay up in the sky by moving. An airship floats like a balloon. But an airship is different from a balloon. An airship has an engine for power and a way to control its direction of movement. A balloon does not have an engine or a way to control its direction of movement.

Kinds of airships 
There are three kinds of airships. The difference is the amount of structure in the airship.

Rigid airships - Rigid airships have big structures in them.  The biggest airships were rigid airships, made in the 1920s and 1930s.  Big rigid airships were also called dirigibles.

Semi-rigid airships - Semi-rigid airships have small structures in them.  There are only a few semi-rigid airships.

Non-rigid airships - Non-rigid airships have no structures in them.  Non-rigid airships are also called blimps.  Most airships are non-rigid airships.

Blimps 
Blimps were used by the United States in WWII to fight against submarines. Blimps are now used mostly for advertising and sometimes for looking down, for example at sport stadiums and tourist attractions.

The Hindenburg 

The most famous airship was the Hindenburg. The Hindenburg was a rigid airship made by the Zeppelin airship company.  It burned when it was landing on May 6, 1937. There were 97 people on the airship when the fire started. The fire killed 35 of these people and one person on the ground. 

 
Gases
Aerospace engineering
Universal suffrage

Universal suffrage means that every citizen above the age of 18 is allowed to vote. Most countries have universal suffrage, but some do not. In some countries people had to fight to get it. In other countries, it was granted after demonstrations in the main cities. They thought it was important to have it because they wanted to choose who ruled over them.

Related pages
Civil rights
Women's suffrage
Rights to vote

Voting
Democratic rights
Bruce Dickinson

Bruce Dickinson (born 7 August 1958) is an English heavy metal singer. He is the singer in the band Iron Maiden.

Biography
Dickinson was born on 7 August 1958 in Worksop, Nottinghamshire. He was born as Paul Dickinson, but changed his first name to Bruce.  As a teenager, he lived in Sheffield. This was where he started to listen to heavy metal music.  He sang in local bands during this time, after trying to play the drums.

In the early 1980s, Dickinson was part of the band Samson. He left Samson in 1981. Later that year, after Paul Di'Anno left Iron Maiden, Dickinson was chosen to be the band's new singer. During the 1980s, Iron Maiden was very popular, and Dickinson's singing was a big part of this.  

In 1990, Dickinson made his first solo album, called Tattooed Millionaire.  In 1993, he left Iron Maiden to become only a solo artist.  He released five solo albums during the 1990s, but they were not as popular as his work with Iron Maiden had been.

In 1999, Dickinson joined Iron Maiden again, and soon after the band  made a new album, Brave New World. Since then, he has stayed as a part of Iron Maiden as well as recording music both by himself and with other people.

Other interests
Outside of music, Dickinson is interested in fencing, has written both books and a script based on one of his albums for a screenplay, and has worked in the radio industry.

He is also a pilot for Astraeus Airlines, and became marketing director for the airline in September 2010.

References

1958 births
Living people
British aviators
English rock singers
Iron Maiden
Musicians from Nottinghamshire
Streaming Soundtracks

Streaming Soundtracks is a radio station that is found on the internet. It plays mostly theme music from movies and television shows, but also plays music from video games. It has a website to talk with other listeners.

Other websites 
 Streaming Soundtracks website

Radio stations
Entertainment websites
Delta Air Lines

Delta Air Lines, Inc. is a large airline from the United States. They are headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia. Their largest hub is also in Atlanta. Delta's first flight was in 1929. In 1972, Delta merged with Northeast Airlines. In 1987, Delta merged with Western Airlines. In 2009, they merged with Northwest Airlines. Until 2013, Delta was the worlds largest airline. As of 2016, the airline goes to 334 cities and has 819 planes.

Gallery

References

Other websites 
 http://www.delta.com

1924 establishments in the United States
Airlines of the United States
Companies based in Atlanta, Georgia
1920s establishments in Georgia (U.S. state)
Vytorin

Vytorin is a clinical drug made up of chemicals called ezetimibe (right image) and simvastatin (Left image) to help people with diseases that change the amount of fats in the blood.

Other websites
http://www.vytorin.com/vytorin/shared/documents/vytorin_pi.pdf 
 http://blogs.wsj.com/health/2008/09/02/new-england-journal-of-medicine-vytorin-cancer-link-uncertain/
 http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/abstract/NEJMsa0806603v1

Drugs
Blade Runner

Blade Runner is a 1982 American-Hong Kong dark science fiction movie directed by Ridley Scott and written by Hampton Fancher and David Peoples. It was based on the book Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep? by Philip K. Dick. Blade Runner's main actors are Harrison Ford, Rutger Hauer, Sean Young, Edward James Olmos and Daryl Hannah.

Plot 
The movie takes place in humid rainy climate changed Los Angeles in November 2019 when artificial human adults called "replicants" come to Earth. As replicants are not allowed on Earth anymore after some of them had attacked humans, police officers called "Blade Runners" hunt down and kill them on Earth. Rick Deckard is forced to hunt down some replicants in Los Angeles.

Response 
Some movie critics did not like Blade Runner because they thought it was slow, but others liked its many ideas. The movie did not sell many tickets in North American movie theaters but was more popular in other countries. Even though it did not make much money, it was liked very much by teachers and science fiction fans. Blade Runner looked good and made the future look very dark and old. The movie showed important ideas of the 21st century such as globalization and genetic engineering. Blade Runner is an important example of cyberpunk and people believe it has changed the world and affected many cultures. Blade Runner made Hollywood interested in stories written by Philip K. Dick.

Versions 
Seven versions of Blade Runner exist because of changes made by different people. The producers took Scott's cut and changed some things about it, which Scott did not like. In 1992, Scott released a Director's Cut version, which was made very fast. It cut the ending of the movie and removed the voice-over. Warner Bros. released the Final Cut, a new 25th anniversary version of the movie, in October 2007. It features some new scenes and removes some of the visible special effect.

Other websites 
 BRMovie.com — alt.fan.blade-runner website
 Special Edition News Page
 Encyclopedia Blade Runner
 BR-Insight — Thoughts of the movie

References 

1982 science fiction movies
American science fiction movies
Hong Kong movies
English-language movies
Film noir
Movies based on books
Movies directed by Ridley Scott
Movies set in Los Angeles

Movies set in the future
United States National Film Registry movies
Warner Bros. movies
Dystopian movies
Motörhead

Motörhead were an English rock band. The band were started in 1975 by bassist, singer and songwriter Ian Fraser “Lemmy” Kilmister. He is known better as "Lemmy." Although they started in 1975 they did not start to become famous until they became part of the New Wave of British Heavy Metal in 1979. Motörhead is another word for Speed Freak.

Motörhead played heavy metal music. But they played very fast in their first years. Many listeners call them the first speed metal or thrash metal band. Motörhead are a main influence on other bands that play those styles. Lemmy did not like his band being called anything other than just a rock and roll band.

Motörhead's music has sounded the same through the years. The words to their songs are about things like: war, sex, and partying.

Motörhead are famous to fans of professional wrestling for playing the theme music used by wrestler Triple H when he walks down to the wrestling ring. He started using Motörhead's music in 2000. The song is called  "The Game." The band have performed the song live at two WrestleMania events.

Motörhead was listed at number 26 on VH1's "The 100 Greatest Artists of Hard Rock" TV show.

The band broke up in 2015 when Lemmy died of cancer on December 28, only four days after his 70th birthday.

The band were added into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2020.

Discography

Albums 
 1977 - Motörhead
 1979 - Overkill
 1979 - Bomber
 1979 - On Parole
 1980 - Ace of Spades
 1981 - No Sleep 'til Hammersmith
 1982 - Iron Fist
 1983 - Another Perfect Day
 1985 - No Remorse
 1986 - Orgasmatron
 1987 - Rock 'n' Roll
 1988 - No Sleep at All
 1991 - 1916
 1992 - March or Die
 1993 - Bastards
 1995 - Sacrifice
 1996 - Overnight Sensation
 1998 - Snake Bite Love
 1999 - Everything Louder Than Everyone Else
 2000 - We Are Motörhead
 2002 - Hammered
 2003 - Live at Brixton Academy
 2004 - Inferno
 2006 - Kiss of Death
 2008 - Motörizer
 2010 - The Wörld Is Yours
 2013 - Aftershock
 2015 - Bad Magic

Notes 

1975 establishments in the United Kingdom
1970s establishments in England
2015 disestablishments in the United Kingdom
1970s British music groups
1980s British music groups
1990s British music groups
2000s British music groups
2010s British music groups
English hard rock bands
English heavy metal bands
Musical groups established in 1975
Musical groups disestablished in 2015
Speed metal bands
Thrash metal bands
21st-century disestablishments in England
Flag of Russia

The flag of Russia is a horizontal tricolor of three colors - white on the top, blue in the middle, and red on the bottom. These Slavic tricolors are also used in flags of other Slavic nations (e.g. Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Slovakia and the Czech Republic).

History 
When Tsar Peter I traveled in the year 1699 to the Netherlands, in order to get more shipbuilding experience, he recognized the necessity that Russia needed its own flag for its navy.

The new Russian flag should follow the model of the flag of the Netherlands (at that time three horizontal strips orange-white-blue in addition, red-white-blue after 1630), but use colors from Russia. Peter I selected the colors from the coat of arms of the Principality of Moscow: On red background a white knight on a white horse rides, wrapped into a blue coat and blue sign carrying. Later the three colors were interpreted also than symbol for the three state-carrying ostslawischen peoples in the Russian Zarenreich: White for the “white Russians”, blue for the “small Russians” and red for the “large Russians”.

This flag was first allowed to be used on 7 May 1883. When the Bolsheviks 1917 seized power, they changed the national flag. On 22 August 1991 the white-blue-red Tricolor was determined again to the Russian national flag.

Andreyevsky flag 

Peter I gave also another flag to the country: the so-called imperial flag of Russia. It consists of a blue St Andrews cross on a white background. This flag was used alternatively with the Trikolore. The flag is still used as the flag of the Russian navy.

On 15 April 1996 the Russian president Boris Yeltsin signed an explanation that the victory flag is equivalent to the Russian flag.

The victory flag is a variant of the flag, which was introduced on May 1, 1945. The difference to the flag of the Soviet Union is that the star is somewhat larger and hammer and Sichel are not used.

References 

Russia
Russia
Live Aid

Live Aid was a charity rock concert that took place in more than one stadium. It was held on July 13, 1985. It was organized by Bob Geldof and Midge Ure to raise money for Africa, whose citizens were not getting enough food. Live Aid was held in two places at the same time: Wembley Stadium in London, and John F. Kennedy Stadium in Philadelphia. The concert raised over $280 million.

In 2004, Live Aid was released on DVD. The money used to buy the DVD set was given to Africa.

1985 in music
Charity events
20th century in Philadelphia
1985 in the United States
1985 in the United Kingdom
1980s in London
Commercial

Commercial could mean:

 Advertising, commercial messages
 Radio commercial,  via the medium of radio
 Television advertisement, promoted via the medium of television
  Commerce, the voluntary exchange of goods, services, or both
 Trade, the trading of something of economic value such as goods, services, information or money
 Commercial broadcasting, the act of broadcasting for profit
 Commercial Drive (Vancouver), a roadway in the city of Vancouver
 Commercial Solutions, a company in Edmonton
 Commercial Township, New Jersey, in Cumberland County, New Jersey
 Commercial aviation, transporting passengers or cargo
Flag of the Soviet Union

The first official flag of the Soviet Union was adopted in December 1922 at the first congress of the Soviets' USSR. The red flag of the communist party was adopted as the national flag.

History 
On 30 December 1922, the congress Declaration and Agreement on the establishment of the USSR. Article 22 of the Agreement states: 'the USSR has a flag, coat of arms and a state seal.'.

On 6 July 1923, it was decided that the flag was to consist of a red cloth with the state coat of arms of the Soviet Union in the centre. The unusual flag format 1:4 was selected. This flag was used however never to used very much and was only used officially for four months.

The third meeting of the Exekutive committees of the Soviet Union changed the flag on 12 November 1923 into the more well-known version. The more common format 1:2 was selected. The state coat of arms was replaced by a gold sickle and hammer, and a red five-pointed star bordered in gold above them.

Changes to the shape of the hammer and sickle and the shade of red were made in 1955.  This design stayed the national flag until the break-up of the Soviet Union on 3 December 1991.

References

Soviet Union
Soviet Union
Coat of arms of the Soviet Union

The coat of arms of the Soviet Union is the symbol of the Soviet Union. It was accepted in 1923 and was used until the Soviet Union collapsed in 1991.

Design 
The coat of arms has a hammer and sickle, a red star over the Earth, and two ears of wheat covered by red ribbons. Each ribbon has a different language on it, showing the motto of the Soviet Union.

History 
On 6 July 1923, the Central Executive Committee (CIK) started a project to create the coat of arms. It was finished on 22 September 1923. The constitution of the Soviet Union confirmed the new coat of arms officially in 1924. At first it had six red ribbons on the ears of wheat. The motto "Workers of the World, Unite!" was written on each ribbon, each in a different language. The first six languages were Russian, Ukrainian, Belarusian, Georgian, Armenian, and Turko-Tatar.

Over the next several years, many more languages were added. In 1937 there were 11 languages, and in 1946, there were 16. In 1956 the Finnish text from the coat of arms was removed, and up to the end of the Soviet Union there were 15 languages on the coat of arms.

Soviet Union
Soviet Union
1923 establishments in the Soviet Union
1991 disestablishments in the Soviet Union
Kornwestheim

Kornwestheim is a town in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is the third largest town of the Ludwigsburg district, behind Ludwigsburg and Bietigheim Bissingen.

Since 1956, Kornwestheim has been an administrative district town in Baden-Württemberg.

Geography
Kornwestheim lies about 10 km in the north of Stuttgart. In the southwest Neckarbecken at the east edge of the Strohgäus within the Langes Feld. In the town, the Gänsbach flows east towards the Neckar.

Neighbouring towns
The following towns and municipalities share a border with Kornwestheim (clockwise beginning in the west):
Möglingen, Ludwigsburg and Remseck at the Neckar (all district Ludwigsburg) as well as Stuttgart (urban area)

Town layout 
The municipality of Kornwestheim consists of the town centre and Pattonville. The latter became a part of Kornwestheim only at the beginning of the 1990s, having belonged to the Gemarkung Aldingen initially. The settlement was established in 1954 by the US army. After their departure a Company bought the area from the Federal Republic of Germany and divided it between the towns of Kornwestheim and  Remseck am Neckar. Pattonville has since been converted from a military to a civilian settlement.

Town hall tower 

The tower of Kornwestheim's town hall was built in the year 1935 by the architect Paul Bonatz. It serves not only as town hall tower, but also as water tower with a container of 800 cubic meters volumes and as clock tower.

Population

References
Giancarlo Fisichella

Giancarlo Fisichella (born 14 January, 1973 in Rome) is an Italian driver and drives at present in Formula One with the Renault F1-Team.

Career 

First time Formula 1 	10. March 1996 GP of Australia
Team 	Minardi (1996), Jordan (1997), Benetton (1998 - 2001), Jordan (2002 - 2003), clean (2004), Renault (since 2005)
Current team 	Renault (2006)
Number of Grand Prix 	174 (since 1996)
Start 	174
Best WM-result 	Place 5, with 58 points (2005), at present WM-fourth with 52 points
WM-points altogether 	226
First points 	27. April 1997 GP of San Marino, 4. Place
Points per start 	1,23
Guidance rounds 	127
Guidance kilometer 	629,414
Victories 	3
First victory 	6. April 2003 GP of Brazil in 109. Run
Last victory 	19. March 2006 GP of Malaysia
Second places 	5
Third places 	5
Podium places 	13
First podium place 	15. June 1997 GP of Canada, 3. Place
Last podium place 	19. March 2006 GP of Malaysia, 1. Place
Poles position 	3
First poles position 	26. July 1998 GP of Austria
Last poles position 	18. March 2006 GP of Malaysia
Fastest rounds 	2
Terminated running 	99
Terminated running in the points 	60
Losses 	60
Momentary WM-placement 	4.
Conditions 	27. August 2006 GP of Turkey

Formula One drivers