cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Arrondissements of the Marne department

There are 5 arrondissements in the Marne department. The French departments, and in other countries, are divided into arrondissements, which may be translated into English as districts (in some cases, as boroughs). The capital of an arrondissement is called a subprefecture.

If the prefecture (capital) of the department is in an arrondissement, that prefecture is the capital of the arrondissement, acting both as a prefecture and as a subprefecture.

Arrondissements are further divided into communes.

The arrondissements of Marne are:

History
Since its creation, the Marne department has had few changes:
 1790 : creation of the department with six districts: Châlons-sur-Marne, Reims, Épernay, Sézanne, Sainte-Menehould and Vitry-le-François; the capital was Châlons-sur-Marne (now Châlons-en-Champagne).
 1800 : creation of five arrondissements: Châlons-sur-Marne, Reims, Épernay, Sézanne, Sainte-Menehould and Vitry-le-François.
 1926 : the arrondissement of Sainte-Menehould was eliminated.
 1940 : Sainte-Menehould was made again an arrondissement.

Related pages
List of arrondissements of France

References

Marne
2016 Oakland warehouse fire

The 2016 Oakland warehouse fire was a fire in Oakland, California on December 2, 2016. At around 11:30 PM Pacific Standard Time, a fire started in a warehouse. The warehouse, known as Ghost Ship, had been changed into places for people to live and into an artist collective. Those changes were done without permits.

At least 36 people died because of the fire. It was the deadliest building fire in Oakland history.

References

Oakland warehouse fire
2016 in California
2010s fires
December 2016 events
Fires in the United States
Oakland, California
Vaganova Ballet Academy

The Vaganova Ballet Academy is a ballet school which was founded in 1738 by Empress Anna Ioannovna (1693-1740) in Saint Petersburg, Russia. 

The original name of the academy was the Imperial Ballet School. In the Soviet regime, the school was rebuilt as the Leningrad State Choreographic Institute. After that, in 1957, the name of the school became the Vaganova Ballet Academy by Agrippina Vaganova. Every year, over 3,000 children audition and only approximately 70 children are accepted. It has eight year curriculum, and 30 dancers complete the whole of the curriculum. Dancers who take the eight year course may join ballet companies all over the world.

References 

Ballet companies
Kishiwada Danjiri Festival

Kishiwada Danjiri festival( 岸和田だんじり祭り） is a festival which is held in Kishiwada, located in southern Osaka,  in Japan for abundant crops. There are some differnet Danjiri matsuri festivals in western Japan region, but Kishiwada one is the biggest. People pull Danjiri float , run, walk and play some traditional instrument.   The date which it is held is on saturday and Sunday just before the Respect-for-the Aged Day Holiday of September.

Food 
There are some special foods for this festival. Some people invite their relative or friends and make blue crabs, Kantoudaki and Kurumimochi. People in Kishiwada eat a blue swimming crabs which is caught in the sea near Senshu which is located in south Osaka. The best time of catching crabs coincidents with the festival so people had degun to eat it. Kantoudaki is a japanese food in which variety of ingredients such as egg, radish potatoes, octopus, beef are boiled together in a large pot of seasoned fish broth. It is easy to make a lot at one time so many people cook this dish in Danjiri festival. Kurumimochi is a kind of a rice cake covered with ground walnuts. This is a local sweet in Osaka, and people eat this for huge harvest.

Organization 
the management of this festival is organized by some neighborhood associations in each town. There is an association for Danjiri in each town in parallel with women's association and child association. there are some roles in this organization. The leader is called is called Tyoukaichou( 町会長）, and the person who assumes heavy responsibility. When some incident happen or the accident has caused someone's death, Tyoukaityou is reponsible. He rides in front of Danjiri float. The leader pulling Danjiri is called Eikousekininnsha(曳行責任者. He is the highest ranking person and he is also in front of Danjiri float.

References 

Festivals in Asia
Alissa White-Gluz

Alissa White-Gluz (born July 31, 1985) is a Canadian singer. She is best known for being the lead singer of Swedish death metal band Arch Enemy and the former singer of Canadian metal band The Agonist.

Career

The Agonist
In 2004, she formed The Agonist with guitar player Danny Marino and bass player Chris Kells.

Arch Enemy
In 2014, she left The Agonist and joined Arch Enemy after the last singer, Angela Gossow, left.

Discography

The Agonist
2007 – Once Only Imagined
2009 – Lullabies for the Dormant Mind
2011 – The Escape (EP)
2012 – Prisoners

Arch Enemy
2014 – War Eternal 
2017 – As the Stages Burn!
2017 – Will to Power
2019 – Covered in Blood

Guest appearances
Never More Than Less – on track "So Beautiful" – Album Relentless (2008, Le Collectif Artcore)
(the) Plasmarifle – on track "From The Trail of Ashes..." – Album While You Were Sleeping The World Changed in an Instant (October 2008 Siege of Amida Records)
Blackguard – on track "The Sword" – Album Profugus Mortis (April 2009 Sumerian Records)
Kamelot – on track "Sacrimony (Angel of Afterlife)" – Album Silverthorn (October 2012 SPV/Steamhammer, King)
Delain – on track "The Tragedy Of The Commons" – Album The Human Contradiction (April 2014 Napalm Records)
Kamelot – on tracks "Liar Liar (Wasteland Monarchy)" and "Revolution" – Album Haven (February 2015 Napalm Records)
Metal Allegiance – guest vocals on "We Rock" – Album Metal Allegiance (2015, Nuclear Blast)
Karmaflow – as the Muse in "The Muse and the Conductor" (2015)
Caliban – on track "The Ocean's Heart" – Album Gravity (March 2016, Century Media)
And Then She Came – on track "Five Billion Lies" – Album And Then She Came (June 2016 DME Music Napalm Records)
Tarja Turunen – on track "Demons in You" – Album The Shadow Self (August 2016, earMUSIC)
Delain – guest vocals on "Hands of Gold" – Album Moonbathers (August 2016 Napalm Records)
Metal Allegiance – guest vocals on "Life in the Fast Lane" – Album Fallen Heroes (2016, Nuclear Blast)
Evesdroppers – guest vocals on "God's Ocean" – Album Empty Vessel, (2016, Casual Madness)
American Murder Song – as Pretty Lavinia (2016)
Aurelio Voltaire – on track "Leaves In The Stream" – Album Heart-Shaped Wound, (2017)
Angra – on track "Black Widow's Web" – Album ØMNI (2018)
Dee Snider – on track "Dead Hearts (Love Thy Enemy)" – Album For the Love of Metal (2018, Napalm Records)
Soilwork – on track "Stålfågel" – Album Verkligheten (2019, Nuclear Blast)
Mark Morton – on track "The Truth Is Dead" (w/ Randy Blythe of Lamb of God) – Album Anesthetic (2019, Spinefarm)
Carnifex – on track "No Light Shall Save Us" – Album World War X (2019, Nuclear Blast)
Kane Roberts – on track "Beginning of the End" – Album The New Normal, (2019, Frontiers Records)
Babymetal – on track "Distortion" – Album Metal Galaxy (2019)
Kamelot – on live album "I Am the Empire – Live from the 013" (2020, Napalm Records)
Charlotte Wessels – on single "Lizzie" (2020, collaboration)

References 

1985 births
Living people
Canadian singers
UEFA Euro 2016 squads

These are the twenty-four national teams who played at Euro 2016 in France. Every national association must present before the UEFA a list of 23 footballers (which three of them must be goalkeepers) in ten days before the first match, that means: 31th May, 2016.

A footballer can be replaced by another one if he is injured or sick, although must be certified by the UEFA's Medical Committee and by the medical staff of his football club. 

These dispositions are applied according art. 44 of Euro 2016's regulations.

Teams

Group A

Albany

France

Romania

Switzerland

Group B

England

Russia

Slovakia

Wales

Group C

Germany

Ireland, Northern

Poland

Ukraine

Group D

Croatia

Czech Republic

Spain

Turkey

Group E

Belgium

Ireland (Eire)

Italy

Sweden

Group F

Austria

Hungary

Portugal

References

Other websites

UEFA Euro 2016 players
Multiplication table

A multiplication table is a tool used to learn how to multiply two numbers. The oldest known multiplication tables were written by the Babylonians about 4000 years ago. Many people think it is important to know how to multiply two numbers by heart, usually up to 12 × 12, 30 × 30, 50 × 50, or 100 × 100.

Most children are introduced to the two, five and 10 times tables by year two - at the age of six and seven. Between the age of seven and eight, children start to learn the three, four and eight times tables. The hardest multiplication is 6×8, which students got wrong 63% of the time. This was closely followed by 8×6, then 11×12, 12×8 and 8×12. The easiest multiplication, on the other hand, was 1×12, which students got wrong less than 5% of the time, followed by 1×6 and 9×1.

In a multiplication table, a number on the first column is multiplied by a number on the first row. The number they corner up to is the answer. In the table below, 21 and 18 are multiplied to get 378, using the table. The numbers in bold are squares (numbers multiplied by themselves).

Warring States decimal multiplication table 

A group of 21 strips of bamboo from 305 BC from the Warring States period is the world's oldest known decimal multiplication table.

Examples 
The traditional form of multiplication tables are written in columns with complete number sentences, instead of the standard modern grid. This form is also taught in the schools. Some examples of traditional form of multiplication tables are multiplication tables of 6 and 7 given below.

Other operations 

Addition and Division can also have their own tables. Similarly, Subtraction can also have its own table, although it is not commonly used.

In mathematics, a division table, like multiplication table, is a mathematical table used to define a division operation for an algebraic system, or to obtain the solution to a certain equation. The division symbol ÷ is used in the division table, known as the obelus. It was first used to signify division in 1659. Mathematicians however, almost never use the ÷ symbol for division. Instead they use fraction notation, called the vinculum. Division tables are used for finding the Quotient in the Long division.

References

Mathematics
Magistrate

A magistrate is a law officer who administers the law in a court. The term varies in its use in different countries.

Early years 
In ancient Rome, a magistratus was one of the highest ranking government officers. They had judicial and executive powers.

Recent examples 
In some parts of the world, such as China, a magistrate was responsible for administration over a particular geographic area. Today, in some jurisdictions, a magistrate is a judicial officer who hears cases in a lower court. They usually deal with minor or preliminary matters. In England and Wales there are two types of magistrates: justices of the peace and district judges.

Law occupations
Maxwell (unit)

Maxwell is a Gauss unit of cgs(centimetre-gram-second), introduced by Carl Friedrich Gauss.
Linus Sebastian

Linus Gabriel Sebastian is a host of the YouTube channels LinusTechTips, TechQuickie, TechLinked, ShortCircuit, and ChannelSuperFun. He is the founder of LinusMediaGroup, a company dedicated to creating videos for these channels. In 2015, Inc. magazine ranked Sebastian 4th in a list of the "Top 30 Power Players in Tech".

References 

YouTubers
Wigan Warriors

Wigan Warriors are a rugby league club from Wigan, United Kingdom. Wigan play in Super League and have won 21 league championships, 19 Challenge Cups and 4 World Club titles. Wigan play at the DW Stadium.

Rugby
Super League

The Super League is a rugby league competition for clubs from the United Kingdom and France. The league started in 1996 and Wigan Warriors are the current champions, having won the 2016 title.

Current teams

Castleford Tigers
Catalans Dragons
Huddersfield Giants
Hull F.C.
Leigh Centurions
Leeds Rhinos
Salford Red Devils
St Helens R.F.C.
Wakefield Trinity
Warrington Wolves
Widnes Vikings
Wigan Warriors

Former teams

Bradford Bulls
Hull Kingston Rovers
London Broncos
Newcastle Thunder
North Wales Crusaders
Sheffield Eagles
Workington Town

Winners

Leeds Rhinos (7): 2004, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2011, 2012 and 2015
St Helens (6): 1996, 1999, 2000, 2002, 2006 and 2014
Bradford (4): 1997, 2001, 2003 and 2005
Wigan (4): 1998, 2010, 2013 and 2016

Rugby
Nissan Navara

Nissan Navara (also called Nissan Frontier) is a pickup truck from Nissan. The line began around 1997. It replaced the Datsun Hardbody trucks.

The Navara is named for the Navarre region in northern Spain.

The truck is available in two and four doors.

References

Nissan automobiles
1990s automobiles
2000s automobiles
2010s automobiles
Andrew Puzder

Andrew Franklin "Andy" Puzder (born July 11, 1950) is the chief executive of CKE Restaurants. He received his Juris doctorate in 1978 from Washington University School of Law in St. Louis where he served as senior editor on the Law Review. Puzder has served as president and CEO of CKE since September 2000.

On December 8, 2016, Puzder was named as President-elect Donald Trump's nominee for United States Secretary of Labor. He withdrew as the nominee on February 15, 2017.

References

1950 births
Living people
Businesspeople from Cleveland, Ohio
Businesspeople from Tennessee
Politicians from Cleveland, Ohio
Politicians from Tennessee
US Republican Party politicians
Lawyers from Tennessee
Lawyers from Cleveland, Ohio
Joseph Mascolo

Joseph Mascolo (March 13, 1929 – December 8, 2016) was an American musician and former dramatic actor. 

Mascolo was born in West Hartford, Connecticut. He studied at the University of Miami and at the United States Military Academy. He began acting in 1957. 

During his long career, he has acted in many movies such as Jaws 2, Heat and The Trail of the Incredible Hulk. He was best known for playing super villian Stefano DiMera, a role he originated in 1982 on NBC's Days of Our Lives until his retirement in January 2016.

Mascolo was married to Rose Maimone in 1953. She died in 1986. They had one son. Mascolo then married Patricia Schultz in 2005. He lived in Los Angeles. California. Mascolo was diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease in 2015 and suffered a crippling stroke the same year.

Mascolo died on December 8, 2016 at his home in Los Angeles from complication of the disease, aged 87. He was survived by his wife Patricia, his sister Marie, his son Peter and a step-daughter Laura.

References

Other websites

His Personal Website

1929 births
2016 deaths
Deaths from Alzheimer's disease
American movie actors
American television actors
Musicians from Connecticut
Actors from Connecticut
People from West Hartford, Connecticut
Associação Chapecoense de Futebol

Associação Chapecoense de Futebol is a football club which plays in Brazil.

League title 
 Copa Sudamericana : 1
 2016

Brazilian football clubs
1976 establishments in Brazil
Virtual reality

Virtual reality (often just called VR) is the name for computer technology that makes a person feel like they are somewhere else.  It uses software to produce images, sounds, and other sensations to create a different place so that a user feels like he or she is really part of this other place.  That other place can be a real place (to take a tour in another country, for instance) or imaginary (playing a game). 

A user uses a headset which consists of a screen to project the content, and speakers to produce sounds.
The technology to do this needs special display screens or projectors and other devices.  Often the picture will change when the user moves their head, they may be able to "walk" through this virtual space and to see things in that space from different directions, and maybe move things in that space.  Haptic feedback might also be used to help make it seem more real - haptic feedback uses special gloves that make it feel like you touched something in real life.

Virtual reality is different than augmented reality, which shows the real place that a person is in, but changes or adds to it.  Pokémon Go is an example of augmented reality. Augmented reality headsets are also commercially available such as the Microsoft HoloLens.

Computer graphics
Electronics
Martisberg

Martisberg is a former municipality in the district of Raron in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.

On 1 January 2014 the former municipalities of Martisberg and Betten merged into the new municipality of Bettmeralp.

Former municipalities of Valais
Mörel, Switzerland

Mörel is a former municipality in the district of Raron in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.

On 1 January 2009 the former municipalities of Mörel and Filet merged into the new municipality of Mörel-Filet.

Former municipalities of Valais
Bettmeralp

Bettmeralp is a municipality of the district of Raron in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.

Before the merger, Bettmeralp was the name of a village and ski resort in Betten.

On 1 January 2014 the former municipalities of Betten and Martisberg merged into the new municipality of Bettmeralp.

References

Other websites

 Official website of the municipality of Bettmeralp 

2014 establishments in Switzerland
Ski areas and resorts in Switzerland
Municipalities of Valais
Villages in Valais
Vincent Laforet

Vincent Laforet (born 1975, Switzerland) is a French American director and photographer.

Laforet shared the 2002 Pulitzer Prize for Feature Photography. The other photographers who won were: Stephen Crowley, Chang Lee, James Hill, and Ruth Fremson. The group worked for The New York Times. They covered events outside of the United States after the September 11 attacks.

References

Living people
American movie directors
American photographers
1975 births
Associação Atlética Ponte Preta

Ponte Preta is a Brazilian soccer club.

Other websites 
 Ponte Preta official website

Brazilian football clubs
Clube Náutico Capibaribe

Clube Náutico Capibaribe is a football club which plays in Brazil.

References 

Brazilian football clubs
Recife
1931 establishments in Brazil
Raising Hope

Raising Hope is an American sitcom. It aired from September 21, 2010, to April 4, 2014, on Fox.

The show aired during prime time, a block of television viewing time in the peak evening hours. The show averaged over 6 million viewers per episode in the first season. The show was also broadcast internationally. It aired in Australia, Canada, Czech Republic, Finland, Germany, Italy, Portugal, and the United Kingdom. It was broadcast by I.Sat in Latin America.

Awards and nominations

References

Other websites
 

American sitcoms
2010s American television series
2010 American television series debuts
English-language television programs
Citropsis articulata

Citropsis articulata is a type of flowering plant in the citrus family. It is native to tropical West Africa.

The plant and fruit are known by many names. Some of the names are: African cherry orange, West African cherry orange, Uganda cherry orange, Agbalumo, Udara, Otien, and Omuboro.

References

Citrus
Mannheim Steamroller

The Mannheim Steamroller is a neoclassical new-age music group. It was founded by Chip Davis. The group is well-known for mixing classical music with new aged and rock music. They also do Christmas music.

Their music is done using the Fresh Aire series of studio albums. They have sold over 28 million albums worldwide.

The Mannheim Steamroller was founded in 1974.

Rock bands
1970s American music groups
1980s American music groups
1990s American music groups
2000s American music groups
2010s American music groups
Ta Moko

“Ta Moko” means tattoo art in Maori.
Often these tattoos covered the whole face and were a symbol of rank, social status, power and prestige for the Maori people.
Ta Moko is a visual language which connects the person who has it to his “whakapapa”. Whakapapa is the family, it’s the genealogical tree, so there is nothing which links religion to Ta Moko. 
Ta Moko symbolises identification with their origins. It is considered to be beautiful but ferocious because they have to frighten their enemies. The Maori facial tattoo was used as a kind of “identification card”.

                                 
These tattoos look like animals or geometric shapes. The most popular tattoo is “the tortoise”. 
The technique of making tattooes leaves scars. Traditional tools to make Ta Moko are albatross bone chisels and black ink. A Maori tattoo takes a lot of time to do; generally the Maori people start tattooing themselves in adolescence and they finish in adulthood. They take years to be finished. But a real Ta Moko is very painful. The tattoo artist removes your skin by making wide cuts with a mallet and either a Turtle scale or an Albatross bone. So it takes a long time and you suffer a lot.

                                 
Boys start to be tattooed around adolescence but  we don’t know when women can start to be tattooed.
Men’s tattooes can be found everywhere on their bodies; whereas women can only have tattooes on their foreheads, necks, lips, chins and backs. 

                               
The number of tattooes they have depends on their age, what the people have done in their lives and the place of the person in the tribe. For Maoris these tattooes are like a diary because they are a written record of all the important events and places a man has experienced in his life.

Maori
Body art
Sekkizhar

Sekkizhar is a Tamil poet and scholar. He lived during the period of Kulothunga Chola II. He was considered an excellent poet. Sekkizhar wrote Periya Puranam. It was originally 4253 poems describing the lives of 63 Shaiva Nayanars.

Life of Sekkizhar
Sekkizhar was born in the village of Kundrathur in Kancheepuram district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. He was a scholar in vedas as well as Tirumurai (later his work was also been added as a tirumurai). His real name is Ramadevan. He was an inmate in a Vaishnavite shrine near Kanchipuram. He started his works of Periya Puranam when he was in Chidambaram. Among all Puranas in Tamil, Sekkizhar's Periya Puranam stands first. Kulothunga Chola II began to restore Tamil Shaivism that was begun by his ancestors because he was a great devotee of Lord Nataraja (Shiva) at Chidambaram. The king called upon Sekkizhar to compose a poem on the life of Shaiva saints.

In Tamil literature, Periya Puranam, the great poem works of Sekkizhar is considered the fifth veda. It had also took place as the twelfth tirumarai or Shiva canon.

References

Indian poets
Cuttack

Cuttack is the former capital of the state of Odisha in East India. It is the headquarters of the Cuttack district. Cuttack is nicknamed the "Millennium City" and the "Silver City". Cuttack has over 1000 years of history, and has a famous silver jewelry works. The High Court of Odisha is located in Cuttack. Cuttack is also called as the commercial capital of Odisha. This is due to the large number of trading and business houses in the city.

Cuttack and Bhubaneswar are often called the Twin-Cities of Odisha. The metropolitan area formed by the two cities has a population of 1.68 million in 2014. Cuttack is a Tier-II city as per the ranking system used by Government of India.

Reference

India
Cities in India
Deomali (mountain)

Deomali is a mountain peak in the Chandragiri-Pottangi subrange of the Eastern Ghats. It is located near Koraput town in the Koraput district of southern Odisha, India.At 1672 m Deomali is the highest mountain peak in the state of Odisha. It is also one of the tallest peaks of the Eastern Ghats. The peak has a good surrounding scenery.

Reference

Mountains of India
Danish Football Association

The Danish Football Association ( DBU) is the body that controls Danish football. The DBU has also been the governing body of futsal in Denmark since 2008.

Formed on May 18, 1889, it is the oldest football association outside Great Britain and Ireland.

References

Other websites 
Official web site in Danish and English

1889 establishments in Europe
Mörel-Filet

Mörel-Filet is a municipality of the district of Raron in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.

On 1 January 2009 the former municipalities of Filet and Mörel merged into the new municipality of Mörel-Filet.

References

Other websites

 Official website of Mörel-Filet 

2009 establishments in Switzerland
Municipalities of Valais
Niedergesteln

Niedergesteln is a municipality in the district Raron in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

 Official website of Niedergesteln 

Municipalities of Valais
Tryptophan

Tryptophan (Trp or W) is encoded by the codon UGG. It is an α-amino acid used in the biosynthesis of proteins. 

Tryptophan has an α-amino group (which is in the –NH3+ form under biological conditions), and an α-carboxylic acid group (which is in the deprotonated –COO− form under biological conditions). It also has a side chain indole, which makes it a non-polar aromatic amino acid. Tryptophan is essential to humans: the body cannot synthesize it, so it must be got from the diet.

Tryptophan is also a precursor to the neurotransmitters serotonin and melatonin.

References 

Amino acids
Saint-Dizier

Saint-Dizier is a commune of France, and a subprefecture of the Haute-Marne department in the Grand Est region.

Geography
The city of Saint-Dizier is on the northern part of the Haute-Marne department in northeast France near the Meuse and the Marne departments.

It has an area of . Its average altitude is ; at the city hall, the altitude is .

The commune of Saint-Dizier is surrounded by the communes Trois-Fontaines-l'Abbaye, Chancenay, Bettancourt-la-Ferrée, Ancerville (Meuse department), Chamouilley, Eurville-Bienville, Troisfontaines-la-Ville, Humbécourt, Laneuville-au-Pont, Moëslains, Valcourt, Hallignicourt and Villiers-en-Lieu.

Two rivers flow through the city: the Ornel and the Marne. The city is at about  from Lac du Der-Chantecoq, the largest man-made lake of Western Europe.

Climate
The Köppen climate classification type for the climate at Saint-Dizier is a "Marine West Coast Climate" and of the subtype "Cfb". The average amount of precipitation for the year is  and the average temperature for the year  is .

Population
The inhabitants of Saint-Dizier are known, in French, as Bragards (women: Bragardes) or Bragars (women: Bragares).

The city of Saint-Dizier has a population, in 2014, of 25,505; it is the commune of Haute-Marne with more people living in it, even more than Chaumont (22,560 inhabitants) that is the prefecture of the department. Its population density is of  inhabitants/km2.

Evolution of the population in Saint-Dizier

Saint-Dizier forms, with other five communes, the urban area of Saint-Dizier with a population of 32,086 inhabitants (2014) and an area of . This urban area is the centre of the metropolitan area of Saint-Diziert, formed by 43 communes, with a population of 53,790 inhabitants (2014) and an area of .

Administration 
Saint-Dizier is a subprefecture of the Haute-Marne department, the capital of the arrondissement of Saint-Dizier and the administrative centre () of three cantons:
 Saint-Dizier-1 formed by 10 communes and part of Saint-Dizier, with 12,406 inhabitants (2014).
 Saint-Dizier-2 formed by a part of Saint-Dizier, with 11,674 inhabitants (2014).
 Saint-Dizier-3 formed by 2 communes and part of Saint-Dizier, with 11,798 inhabitants (2014).

It is part of the intercommunality Saint-Dizier, Der et Blaise ().

Gallery

Related pages
 Arrondissement of Saint-Dizier
 Communes of the Haute-Marne department

References

Other websites

 Site officiel de la ville de Saint-Dizier 
 Office de Tourisme Saint-Dizier, Der & Blaise 

Communes in Haute-Marne
Subprefectures in France
Adam Ries

Adam Ries was a mathematician from Bad Staffelstein in Bavaria. Ries lived in the 16th century. He was born in 1492 or 1493, and died in 1559.

Ries became known for a work on how to calculate. His first work was about a "calculating board", which was widely used at the time. It worked rather like an abacus. Ries showed that Roman numerals were impractical for calculation.
Ries wrote in German, and not in Latin, as orher mathematicians of his time. 
German mathematicians
Robot lawyer

A robot lawyer is an artificial intelligence (AI) computer program. It is designed to ask the same questions as a real lawyer about certain legal issues.

Robot lawyers are being used in many countries around the world including the United States, the United Kingdom, and Holland.

References

Artificial intelligence
Law
Cheryl

Cheryl is a female given name. It is very common in English-speaking countries. It is an English version of the French name Cherie.

The name appeared in the early 20th century. It was most popular during the Cold War period. In North America, it was popular between the 1940s and 1980s. In the United Kingdom, it was popular from the 1950s to 1990s.

Famous people with the name Cheryl include Cheryl Ladd and Cheryl Hines.

Given names
Al-Masih ad-Dajjal

Al-Masih ad-Dajjal ( , "the false messiah", or "the deceiver") is an evil figure in Islamic eschatology. He is to appear, pretending to be al-Masih (i.e. the Messiah), before Yawm al-Qiyamah (the Day of Resurrection). According to Islamic belief, at the end of days he will gather together everyone he has deceived into a great army. His army will then confront the Messiah and his army. The Dajjal is not mentioned directly in the Qur'an. This may be because he is only human and is mentioned in the future.

References 

Islam
Asian mythology
Australian impact structure

The Australian impact structure is also called the "massive Australian Precambrian/Cambrian impact structure" or MAPCIS.

It is thought to be the remains of a huge meteorite strike. Its centre is in the Northern Territory, about halfway between Uluru (Ayers Rock) and Mount Conner. The crater is about 600 km (370 mi) in diameter. There is a wider ring 2,000 kilometres (1,200 mi) in diameter which may be related to the impact. If it is confirmed, MAPCIS would be the largest impact structure on Earth. It is not confirmed at present.

The age of this hypothetical impact is about 545 mya. This puts it just before the Cambrian period.

References 

Impact craters
Geography of Australia
Azerbaijan Red Crescent Society

Azerbaijan Red Crescent Society is a charitable organization in Azerbaijan. It is a member of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement. It was established on March 10, 1920. Its headquarters are in Baku. Their mission is "to serve vulnerable people by mobilizing the capacity of Azerbaijan Red Crescent and the power of humanity."

References

Other websites
Azerbaijan Red Crescent Society Official Website 
International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement Official Website  

Red Cross
Baku
Charities
1920 establishments in Azerbaijan
Shoemaker crater

The Shoemaker crater in Western Australia (formerly known as Teague Ring) is an obvious impact crater, the remains of an ancient meteorite strike.

It is in dry central Western Australia, about  north-northeast of Wiluna. It is named after planetary geologist Eugene Shoemaker.

It was dated to 1630 million years ago. More recent dating by K–Ar methods give ages as young as 568 ± 20 mya. This age could also date the impact event or represent tectonic activity.

References 

Impact craters
Geography of Western Australia
Capital asset pricing model

The capital asset pricing model (CAPM) is a tool for figuring out risk of stock profit or losses (called returns). 

It makes an assumption, which is that investors care only about two things: the average returns of stocks over, for example, ten years, and the volatility of annual returns around that average during the same period. 

The main result of the model is that the return of a stock can be broken down in the sum of two things: a risk-free rate and a risk premium. This risk premium can be seen as the product of two things: a measure of the risk of the stock (called the "beta") and the average reward for risk in the market (the "equity risk premium", which is the return of the market over and above the risk-free rate).

Economics
Wisconsin in the American Civil War

Wisconsin in the American Civil War, being a northern state, fought for the Union. When the Civil War started, Wisconsin raised 91,379 soldiers for the Union Army. They were organized into 53 infantry regiments, 4 cavalry regiments, a company of Berdan's sharpshooters, 13 light artillery batteries and 1 unit of heavy artillery. Most of the Wisconsin troops served in the Western Theater. However, several regiments served in Eastern armies, including three regiments within the famed Iron Brigade. A total of 3,794 were killed in action or mortally wounded. Another 8,022 died of disease. About 400 were killed in accidents. The total casualties were 12,216 men. This was about 13.4 percent of total Wisconsin enlistments.

Soldiers
Approximately 1 in 9 residents (regardless of age, sex or qualification for service) served in the army. In turn, half the eligible voters served. Wisconsin was the only state to organize replacements for troops that had already been sent to war. This led northern generals to prefer having Wisconsin regiments in their command if possible.

A number of Wisconsin regiments were distinguished, including three that served in the celebrated "Iron Brigade"&mdash. These were the 2nd Wisconsin, 6th Wisconsin, and 7th Wisconsin. All were noted for their hard fighting and dashing appearance. They were among the only troops in the Army of the Potomac to wear Hardee hats and long frock coats. They suffered severely at the Battle of Gettysburg in July 1863. The 8th Wisconsin, another hard-fighting regiment, was often accompanied into battle by its mascot, Old Abe, a bald eagle.

In a January 1863 letter to his sister, Union soldier Chauncey Herbert Cooke, a private from Company G of the 25th Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry Regiment, gave his reasons for fighting for the Union in the war, stating that "I have no heart in this war if the slaves cannot go free."

Women during the war
While men were fighting, many women needed to learn how to farm and do other manual labor. Besides having to tend to the home and children while the men were away at war, women also contributed supplies. Quilts and blankets were often given to soldiers. Other items women often sent included: shirts, sheets, pillows, pillowcases, coats, vests, trousers, towels, handkerchiefs, socks, bandages, canned fruits, dried fruits, butter, cheese, wine, eggs, pickles, books, and magazines. At one point, after the Battle of Resaca in Georgia, women sent every wounded man within a certain distance a fresh orange or lemon. These fruits were to quench the strong thirst that was known to accompany a wound.

Related pages 
 List of Wisconsin Civil War units

References

Other websites 
 Wisconsin in the Civil War
 Civil War changed Wisconsin 
 The Civil War Home Front

 
19th century in Wisconsin
John Howard Northrop

John Howard Northrop (July 5, 1891 – May 27, 1987) was an American biochemist. He shared the 1946 Nobel Prize in Chemistry with James Batcheller Sumner and Wendell Meredith Stanley.

Northrop was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1949. He was employed by the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research in New York City from 1916 until his retirement in 1961.  In 1949 he was appointed Professor of Bacteriology and later, Professor of Biophysics at the University of California, Berkeley.

References 

1891 births
1987 deaths
American biochemists
American Nobel Prize winners
Nobel Prize in Chemistry winners
Quassel

Quassel IRC, or Quassel, is an IRC client, introduced in 2008. It is released under the GNU General Public License for GNU and Unix-like operating systems, OS X, and Microsoft Windows. Since the release of Kubuntu 9.04 (Jaunty Jackalope) Quassel is Kubuntu's default IRC client. Quassel uses the Qt application framework.

References

IRC clients
Palisade cell

Palisade cells are special cells in the leaves of plants. They are the main place where photosynthesis takes place. Their function is to absorb light so photosynthesis can take place. 

They have the largest number of chloroplasts per cell of any plant tissue, which makes them the main site of photosynthesis. In the leaves of plants, they convert the light to chemical energy in the form of carbohydrates. The cells are just below the epidermis and cuticle.

References 

Plant anatomy
Plant physiology
GN-z11

GN-z11 is a galaxy. It is the oldest known galaxy and farthest-known galaxy from Earth.

Related pages 
 Nature timeline

Galaxies
Konversation

Konversation is an Internet Relay Chat (IRC) client. It is built on the KDE Platform. It is free software released under the terms of the GNU General Public License. It is the default IRC client in many Linux distributions, such as openSUSE, the KDE spin of Fedora, and Kubuntu.

References

IRC clients
Guanacaste

Guanacaste (Enterolobium cyclocarpum) also known as elephant-ear tree or devil's ear is a species of flowering tree in the pea family, Fabaceae. It is native to tropical regions of the Americas. It is the national tree of Costa Rica.

Common names in some other languages are:
 , árbol de las orejas, parota
 , oreille d'éléphant
 

Enterolobium cyclocarpum, the scientific name of the guanacaste tree was given by August Grisebach to this plant in 1864.

Synonyms 
 Albizia longipes Britton & Killip
 Enterolobium cyclocarpa (Jacq.) Griseb.
 Feuilleea cyclocarpa (Jacq.) Kuntze
 Inga cyclocarpa' (Jacq.) Willd.
 Mimosa cyclocarpa Jacq.
 Mimosa parota Sesse & Moc.
 Pithecellobium cyclocarpum (Jacq.) Mart.
 Prosopis dubia Kunth
 Prosopis dubia'' Guill. & Perr.

Description

The guanacaste is a large tree, growing to  tall, with a trunk up to  in diameter. The bark is light gray. The crown (the upper part of tree) is broad and widely spreading. Leaves are  long, alternate and compound.

The guanacaste is evergreen, or briefly deciduous for 1–2 months during the dry season (without rains). Most leaves fall in December, at the start of the dry season. In late February, leaves start to appear and produce a fresh, thick crown by April.

Flowers are hermaphrodite; the pollination is by insects like bees.

The fruit is a legume (also known as a pod) with the shape of a human ear.

Where it grows
The guanacaste tree is native to tropical America. It grows from southern Mexico through Central America to northern South America. It is found also in the West Indies. It has been introduced in other tropical regions.

It grows normally at an elevation from sea level to , usually along the coast and rivers.

Uses
The wood is reddish-brown, lightweight and water-resistant; it is used to make objects like doors, windows, furniture, cabinets, and for shipbuilding. It is used also as firewood.

Gallery

References

Other websites

 Enterolobium cyclocarpum in Encyclopedia of Life
 

Fabaceae
Trees
Rex Tillerson

Rex Wayne Tillerson (born March 23, 1952) is an American businessman and the 69th United States Secretary of State. He served from February 1, 2017 to March 31, 2018. He was the chairman and CEO of Exxon Mobil Corporation, the fifth largest company by market capitalization until his resignation in 2017.

In December 2016, President-elect of the United States Donald Trump announced his intention to nominate Tillerson to be the Secretary of State. The United States Senate approved of his nomination on February 1, 2017 and shortly assumed the office. On March 13, 2018, Trump fired Tillerson and said he would nominate Mike Pompeo to succeed him as Secretary of State. Tillerson's term officially ended on March 31, 2018.

Early life
Tillerson was born on March 23, 1952, in Wichita Falls, Texas. Tillerson received a bachelor's degree in civil engineering from the University of Texas at Austin in 1975.

Business career
Tillerson joined Exxon in 1975, and by 1989 had become general manager of the Exxon USA central production division. In 1995 he became president of Exxon Yemen Inc. and Esso Exploration and Production Khorat Inc. In 2006, Tillerson was elected chairman and chief executive officer of Exxon, the world's 6th largest company by revenue. Tillerson retired from Exxon effective December 31, 2016, and was succeeded by Darren Woods. He is a member of the National Academy of Engineering. He resigned his position from Exxon to pursue his nomination of United States Secretary of State.

United States Secretary of State
On the evening of December 10, the BBC cited NBC reports that "sources close to Mr Trump [were] ... saying that Mr Tillerson is likely to be named next week" and that former UN ambassador John Bolton "will serve as his deputy". On December 12, The New York Times reported that he had been chosen. On December 13, 2016, President-elect Donald Trump announced that Tillerson would be his nominee for Secretary of State.

On January 11, 2017, Tillerson's congressional confirmation hearing was held. Tillerson was approved by the Senate Foreign Relations Committee on January 23, 2017, to be Secretary of State when it voted 11-10 to send his nomination to the full Senate. The Senate confirmed Tillerson as Secretary of State on February 1 2017.  The Senate voted 56 to 43, with all Republicans in support and 42 Democrats voting against him.

On March 13, 2018, Trump fired Tillerson as Secretary and nominated Director of the CIA Mike Pompeo of the position. His term ended on March 31, 2018.

Personal life
Tillerson is married to Renda St. Clair. They have four children. He resides in Irving, Texas.

References

Other websites

 
 Rolling Stone on “The Climate Killers: 17 polluters and deniers who are derailing efforts to curb the climate catastrophe.”
 

1952 births
Living people
Businesspeople from Texas
Politicians from Texas
United States Secretaries of State
US Republican Party politicians
21st-century American politicians
People from Irving, Texas
John F. Kelly

John Francis Kelly (born May 11, 1950) is a retired United States Marine Corps General. He was the 28th White House Chief of Staff from July 31, 2017 to January 2, 2019. Kelly was the 5th United States Secretary of Homeland Security, serving from January through July 2017.

He is the former Commander of United States Southern Command (USSOUTHCOM). Kelly last served as the commanding general of the Multi-National Force—West in Iraq from February 2008 to February 2009, and as the commander of Marine Forces Reserve and Marine Forces North in October 2009.

Early life
Kelly was born on May 11, 1950 in Boston, Massachusetts, into an Irish Catholic family.

He served for one year as a United States Merchant Marine. Kelly initially enlisted in the U.S. Marine Corps in 1970, and was discharged from active duty as a sergeant in 1972.

Kelly received a Master of Science degree in National Security Studies from the Georgetown School of Foreign Service in 1984. He also studied at the University of Massachusetts, Boston.

United States Secretary of Homeland Security (2017)
On December 7, 2016, it was reported that then-President-elect Donald Trump nominated Kelly to be the fifth United States Secretary of Homeland Security.

On January 20, 2017, Kelly was confirmed as Secretary of Homeland Security by the United States Senate with a vote of 88-11. On that evening he was sworn in by Vice-President Pence.

White House Chief of Staff (2017–2019)
On July 28 2017, he was appointed to replace Reince Priebus as White House Chief of Staff.

Early into his tenure, media outlets such as The New York Times, The Washington Post and FiveThirtyEight speculated that Kelly would bring moderation and discipline to the White House. In August 2017, early into Kelly's tenure, the Washington Post wrote that Kelly had "left no discernible imprint on the White House's philosophy" and that it was unclear if he would bring calm and rigor to the White House.

On December 8, 2018, Trump announced that Kelly would be leaving the position by the end of the year. He left the office on January 2, 2019.

Personal life
Kelly is married to Karen Hernest. They have three children.

In 2010, Kelly’s 29-year-old son, First Lieutenant Robert Kelly, was killed in action when he stepped on a landmine while leading a platoon of Marines on a patrol in Sangin, Afghanistan. Robert Kelly's death made John Kelly the highest-ranking military officer to lose a son or daughter in Iraq or Afghanistan.

References

Other websites

1950 births
Living people
American military people
White House Chiefs of Staff
United States Secretaries of Homeland Security
Politicians from Boston, Massachusetts
Independent politicians in the United States
Linda McMahon

Linda Marie McMahon (née Edwards; born October 4, 1948) is an American professional wrestling magnate and politician. She is the 25th Administrator of the Small Business Administration serving from February 14, 2017 to April 12, 2019. McMahon was active with the WWE (WWF until 2002) from 1980 to 2009. She has been married to Vince McMahon since 1966.

Early life
McMahon was born Linda Marie Edwards in New Bern, North Carolina, the daughter of Evelyn and Henry Edwards. She earned her Bachelor of Arts degree from East Carolina University.

WWE business career

McMahon was active with the WWE from 1980 to 2009. During this time, the company grew from a small regional business in the North East to a large multinational corporation.

As President and later CEO of the company, she created the company's civic programs, Get REAL and Smackdown Your Vote. She occasionally made on-screen appearances, most notably in a wrestling "feud" with her husband which climaxed at WrestleMania X-Seven. McMahon and her husband became wealthy through WWE's success, and the McMahon family name is now synonymous with the professional wrestling industry.

United States senate campaigns
In 2009, McMahon left the WWE to run as a Republican for a seat in the United States Senate from Connecticut, but lost to Democratic Party nominee Richard Blumenthal in the general election of 2010.

McMahon was the Republican nominee for Connecticut's other Senate seat in the 2012 race, but lost to Democratic Representative Chris Murphy.

Administrator of the Small Business Administration (2017 – 2019)
On December 7, 2016, President-elect Donald Trump announced his intention to nominate McMahon to be the Administrator of the Small Business Administration when he takes office. McMahon was confirmed by the full Senate on February 14, 2017, with a vote of 81-19.

On March 29, 2019, it was officially made public by the Trump administration that McMahon would be stepping down as the Administrator of the Small Business Administration. The resignation took effect on April 12, 2019.
On April 15, 2019, McMahon was officially named Chairman of America First Action, a pro-Trump Super PAC.

Personal life
McMahon married Vince McMahon in 1966. Together they had two children: Shane and Stephanie. McMahon is a Roman Catholic.

References

Other websites

 Campaign contributions at OpenSecrets.org (2010)
 Campaign contributions at OpenSecrets.org (2012)
 
 
 East Carolina University Alumni Profile 

1948 births
Living people
Businesspeople from North Carolina
Businesspeople from Connecticut
Administrators of the Small Business Administration
Politicians from North Carolina
Politicians from Connecticut
US Republican Party politicians
Azerbaijan State Symphony Orchestra

The Hajibeyov Azerbaijan State Symphony Orchestra (Azeri: Hacıbəyov adına Azərbaycan Dövlət Simfonik Orkestri) was formed in 1920, at the request of composer Uzeyir Hajibeyov after whom it was later named. It was one of the first orchestras in the Soviet Union. It is part of the Azerbaijan State Philharmonic Society.

Composers such as Rhené-Baton and Otto Klemperer were invited from abroad to help in establishing and training the orchestra. From 1938 to 1984, Hajibeyov's nephew Niyazi was conducting the orchestra. After his death, the conducting has been performed by "People's Artist" of Azerbaijan, Professor Rauf Abdullayev. The orchestra has toured a number of countries including the United States, the United Kingdom, France, Germany, Switzerland, Italy, Turkey, and Egypt.

Main conductors 
 Uzeyir Hajibeyov (1920–1938)
 Niyazi Hajibeyov (1938–1984)
 Rauf Abdullayev (1984– )

References

Orchestras
1920 establishments in Azerbaijan
Azerbaijani culture