cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Stansted Express

Stansted Express is a sub-brand of Greater Anglia. It is the direct train service linking central London (Liverpool Street station) to Stansted Airport, one of London's major airports. Before February 2012, Stansted Express was operated by National Express East Anglia. Until 2004 Stansted Express was part of the WAGN franchise.

Train operating companies
Nicole Sullivan

Nicole Julianne Sullivan (born April 21, 1970 in Manhattan, New York) is an American actress and comedian. She is best known for doing sitcoms. She acted in the sketch comedy MADtv (1995 to 2001) and the CBS sitcom The King of Queens.

Animated series 
Buzz Lightyear of Star Command - Mira Nova, Feara
Baby Blues - Bizzy
Brandy And Mr. Whiskers - Gerri
Big Hero 6 - Stern Woman
Bojack Horseman - TracyClone High - Joan, Marie CurieDC Super-Hero Girls - SupergirlFamily Guy - MurielHarley Quinn - Mrs. Copplepot, Benjamin, HostessKim Possible - Shego, Computer Voice, Tour Guide, Additional voicesLilo & Stitch: The Series - Shego, Additional voicesNutri Ventures - Purple GugaPepper Ann - Tundra WomanRobotboy - Additional voicesRugrats - DebbieSlacker Cats - LouiseSpongebob Squarepants - Fish 45, Additional voicesStanley - Farmer JulieSuper Best Friends Forever - SupergirlTeamo Supremo - FabricaThe Penguins of Madagascar - MarleneThe Powerpuff Girls (1998) - Mollie, Maggot, Additional Voices	The Powerpuff Girls (2016) - Additional voicesSpider-Man (2017) - Mother, Additional voices The Secret Saturdays - DrewThe Loud House - Additional voicesThe Super Hero Squad Show - Additonal voicesThe Fairly OddParents - Additional voicesTriptank'' - Sarah, Caitlin

References

Other websites

Actors from New York City
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
Comedians from New York City
1970 births
Living people
Lupe Ontiveros

Lupe Ontiveros (September 17, 1942 - July 26, 2012) was an Mexican-American movie and television actress. Ontiveros acted in a lot of movies and television series. She usually took the role of a maid or a grandmother. Ontiveros has told interviewers that she has played a maid at least 150 times on stage and in movies. She was nominated for an Emmy Award for her role on Desperate Housewives. She also was given positive reviews for her role in Chuck and Buck. She won the National Board of Review award for Best Supporting Actress. She was also nominated for an Independent Spirit Award. Ontiveros took the role as Yolanda Saldivar in the 1997 biographical movie Selena.

Personal life 
Ontiveros was born Guadalupe Moreno in El Paso, Texas, to Mexican immigrant parents.
Ontiveros and her husband, Elías, have three sons. Elías and their sons live in Pico Rivera, California. Lupe Ontiveros died on July 26, 2012. She died of liver cancer. She was 69 years old.

References

Other websites 

 

1942 births
2012 deaths
American stage actors
American television actors
Actors from El Paso, Texas
Deaths from liver cancer
Kōhei Uchimura

|}

 is a Japanese athlete.  He is best known as a gymnast.

Career
Kohei Uchimura has won the world championships in gymnastics for three years — 2009, 2010 and 2011.

Uchimura was part of a team which won the team silver medal in gymnastics at the 2012 Summer Olympics.

He also won the gold medal in the Olympic men’s all-around event in gymnastics.

Related pages
 Sports in Japan
 Japan at the Olympics
 Ryohei Kato
 Kazuhito Tanaka
 Yusuke Tanaka
 Koji Yamamuro

References

Other websites
 Kohei Uchimura at Fédération Internationale de Gymnastique 
 Beijing Olympics profile
 Kohei Uchimura at Tokyoweekender.com

1989 births
Living people
Japanese Olympic gold medalists
Japanese Olympic silver medalists
Japanese gymnasts
People from Fukuoka Prefecture
Edward James Olmos

Edward James Olmos (born February 24, 1947) is an American actor and movie director. He is best known for his roles in Battlestar Galactica, Miami Vice, Stand and Deliver, Selena, Blade Runner and Zoot Suit. In 1988, Olmos was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role for the movie Stand and Deliever.

In 1971, Olmos married Katija Keel. She is the daughter of actor Howard Keel. They had two children but divorced in 1992 and later married actress Lorraine Bracco in 1994. However, they filed for divorce in January 2002. He has four adopted children. In the same year of 1994, he married Puerto Rican actress Lymari Nadal. 

In 1996, he was awarded the Doctorate of Fine Arts from California State University. In his honor, Asteroid 5608 Olmos was named after him.

Filmography

References

Other websites 

 

1947 births
Actors from Los Angeles
American television actors
American television directors
Living people
Chris Matthews

Christopher John Matthews (born December 17, 1945 near Philadelphia) is an American news anchor and political commentator. He is known for as the host of his talk show Hardball with Chris Matthews on MSNBC. On weekends he hosted the syndicated ABC News program The Chris Matthews Show.

Early life
Matthews went to La Salle College High School. Matthews served in the United States Peace Corps in Swaziland from 1968 to 1970 as a trade development adviser.

Career
Matthews worked with Tip O'Neill, the Speaker of the House. O'Neill, a Democrat, was a political rival of VHS Republican president Ronald Reagan, but the two remained friends, saying that after 6:00 the two could go out for a drink together. Matthews wrote a book about their relationship. The last episode of The Chris Matthews Show was shown on July 21 2013. After he wrote a best selling book about politics called Hardball, Matthews joined MSNBC and hosted a show of the same name. Matthews is a moderate Democrat who has supported Republicans before and said that he is "more conservative than people think I am." However, Matthews has been a long time supporter of Barack Obama. In 2004, following a speech by Obama, Matthews said he had "seen the first black president," a prediction which came true four years later. Matthews once stated that Obama gave him a "thrill up his leg." This quote was widely mocked by many people. He has also been critical of Hillary Clinton, and has said that she got her office by her husband's fame and not on her own ability. As of 2015, Matthews hosts Hardball with Chris Matthews on the MSNBC cable channel at 5:00PM on weekdays. He is also a political commentator that appears on other shows. Matthews is married to his wife of thirty five years, Kathleen, a businesswoman who is an executive at Marriott. He is a Roman Catholic.

References

Other websites

American political commentators
American political activists
Writers from Pennsylvania
American television news anchors
1945 births
Living people
Al Sharpton

Alfred Charles "Al" Sharpton Jr. (born October 3, 1954 in Brooklyn, New York) is an American Baptist minister, civil rights activist and television talk show host. He was a candidate for the Democrat nomination for the United States presidential election, 2004. He makes regular guest appearances on Fox News, MSNBC and CNN. In 2011, he was named the host of MSNBC's PoliticsNation, a talk show.

References

Other websites

People from New York City
Democrats (United States)
LGBT rights activists
American civil rights activists
American television presenters
1954 births
Living people
2004 United States presidential candidates
HuffPost writers and columnists
Chuck Grassley

Charles Ernest "Chuck" Grassley (born September 17, 1933) is the senior U.S. Senator from Iowa. He was the 91st Senate President pro tempore from 2019 until 2021.  He has been Senator since 1981. He was also in the United States House of Representatives from 1975 to 1981. Before that he was in the Iowa state legislature from 1959 to 1974.

In January 2019, Grassley became the most senior Republican serving in the United States Senate due to the retirement of Orrin Hatch and the resignation of Thad Cochran. After the Republicans kept control of the Senate in the 2018 elections, Grassley became the 91st Senate President pro tempore.

In January 2021, when Republicans lost control of the U.S. Senate, Patrick Leahy became President pro tempore while Grassley became President pro tempore emeritus.

On November 17, 2020, Grassley announced that he had tested positive for COVID-19.

References

Other websites

1933 births
Living people
American Baptists
Presidents pro tempore of the United States Senate
United States representatives from Iowa
United States senators from Iowa
US Republican Party politicians
State legislators of the United States
Khojaly Massacre

The Khojaly Massacre was the murder of hundreds of ethnic Azerbaijani civilians from the town of Khojaly in Azerbaijan on 25–26 February 1992 by the Armenian armed forces with the help of Russian armed forces during the Nagorno-Karabakh War.
613 people were killed, including 424 men, 106 women and 83 children. The massacre was the largest massacre of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict.

References

Other websites 

 Bloodshed in the Caucasus: escalation of the armed conflict in Nagorno Karabakh. Human Rights Watch, 1992. , 
Azerbaijani websites
 Justice for Khojaly
Armenian websites
 "Azerbaijan turned Khojaly into a launch pad for indiscriminate bombardment of Karabakh", Office of the Nagorno Karabakh Republic Washington DC

1992 in Europe
1992 in Asia
Massacres
Anti-Azerbaijani sentiment
20th century in Armenia
1990s in Azerbaijan
Nagorno-Karabakh
Nagorno-Karabakh Republic
1990s in Russia
Kosuke Hagino

is a Japanese athlete.  He is best known as a swimmer who competed at the Summer Olympic Games.

Career
He won a bronze medal in the Men's 400m individual medley at the 2012 Summer Olympics.  His time of 4:10.01 was an Asian record.

References

1994 births
Living people
Japanese Olympic gold medalists
Japanese Olympic silver medalists
Japanese Olympic bronze medalists
Japanese swimmers
Medalists at the 2012 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 2016 Summer Olympics
People from Tochigi Prefecture
Conrad Burns

Conrad Burns (January 25, 1935 – April 28, 2016) was a former United States Senator from the state of Montana.  He was a member of the U.S. Republican Party. He was the longest serving Republican Senator in the history of Montana. He was born near Gallatin, Missouri.

Burns died at his home in Billings, Montana on April 28, 2016 from complications of a stroke, aged 81.

References

Other websites

United States senators from Montana
US Republican Party politicians
Deaths from stroke
1935 births
2016 deaths
Pat Boone

Charles Eugene "Pat" Boone (born June 1, 1934 in Jacksonville, Florida) is an American singer, writer and actor. He was a very successful pop musician in the 1950s and 1960s. His many hits were covers of black R&B musicians' songs. At that time black musicians were not played on white radio stations. His daughter Debby is also a singer.

According to Billboard, Boone was the second biggest charting artist of the late 1950s, behind only Elvis Presley.  He is a member of the Gospel Music Hall of Fame.

Boone hosted a half-hour ABC variety television series.  There were 115 episodes from 1957 to 1960. Many musical performers, including Edie Adams, Andy Williams, Pearl Bailey and Johnny Mathis were on the show.

References

Other websites

1934 births
Living people
American movie actors
American pop singers
American voice actors
Actors from Jacksonville, Florida
Singers from Jacksonville, Florida
Hiroaki Hiraoka

is a Japanese athlete.  He is best known as a judoka.

History
He won a silver medal at the 2009 World Judo Championships and bronze medal at the 2010 World Judo Championships.

Hiroka won the silver medal in 2012 Summer Olympics at London, in the men's under 60 kg extra-lightweight judo.

References

Other websites
  Hiroaki HIroaka at the Judoinside.com

1985 births
Living people
Japanese Olympic silver medalists
Judoka
Japanese martial artists
Ben Nelson

Earl Benjamin "Ben" Nelson (born May 17, 1941) is a former U.S. Senator from Nebraska and member of United States Democratic Party. Before that he was 37th Governor of Nebraska. He was born in McCook, Nebraska.

References

Other websites

United States senators from Nebraska
Governors of Nebraska
US Democratic Party politicians
1941 births
Living people
Tom Harkin

Tom Harkin (born November 19, 1939) is a retired American politician for the Democratic Party. From 1985 to 2015, he served as a junior Senator in Iowa. He also served in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1975 to 1985.

Harkin ran for the Democratic nomination for President in 1992, losing to then-Arkansas Governor Bill Clinton.

In 2013 Harkin said he would retire from the Senate after completing his fifth term in 2015.

References

Other websites

1992 United States presidential candidates
United States senators from Iowa
US Democratic Party politicians
1939 births
Living people
Chuck Hagel

Chuck Hagel (  ; born October 4, 1946) was the 24th Secretary of Defense and the former U.S. Senator from Nebraska. He is a member of the United States Republican Party. He has criticized the Bush Administration on many things, such as the Iraq War.

In October 2014, speaking at a meeting of defense ministers in Peru, Hagel highlighted a report’s  findings of the global security threats of climate change and global warming; stating “The loss of glaciers will strain water supplies in several areas of our hemisphere,” and “Destruction and devastation from hurricanes can sow the seeds for instability. Droughts and crop failures can leave millions of people without any lifeline, and trigger waves of mass migration.”

He was confirmed by the United States Senate on February 26, 2012 to become Secretary of Defense during Barack Obama's second term replacing Leon Panetta.

On November 24, 2014, it was announced that Hagel would resign the position of Secretary of Defense due to job stress and decisions on ISIS/ISIL.

References

Other websites

United States senators from Nebraska
US Republican Party politicians
1946 births
Living people
United States Secretaries of Defense
People from North Platte, Nebraska
Nancy Travis

Nancy Travis (born September 21, 1961 in New York City) is a television and movie actress. She is known for her roles in many movies, especially in Three Men and a Baby and its sequel Three Men and a Little Lady. She has also been in many television sitcoms.

Early life
Travis was born in New York City, the daughter of Theresa, a social worker, and Gordon Travis, a sales executive. Travis was raised in Boston, Massachusetts, and Baltimore, Maryland.

Sources

Other websites

People from New York City
American television actors
1961 births
Living people
American movie actors
Naughty by Nature

Naughty by Nature are a Grammy winning rap trio from New Jersey. They formed in 1988, and their songs include O.P.P. from 1991 (on their own self titled album). Other hit songs by the rap group followed over the years.

1988 establishments in the United States
1980s American music groups
1990s American music groups
2000s American music groups
2010s American music groups
American rap music groups
Grammy Award winners
Musical groups established in 1988
Musical groups from New Jersey
Musical trios
1980s establishments in New Jersey
Quai Branly Museum

The Quai Branly Museum, known in French as the Musée du quai Branly – Jacques Chirac (), is a museum in Paris. It displays art and culture from indigenous civilisations of Africa, America, Asia and Oceania. Quai Branly opened on 23 June 2006. It holds the collections of the old Musée national des Arts d'Afrique et d'Océanie, which is now closed. It contains 267,000 objects in its permanent collection. Of these, 3500 items are on display.

Notes

Other websites 

Musée du quai Branly (site in French, English and Spanish)

2006 establishments in France
Art museums in France
Buildings and structures in Paris
Warlimpirrnga Tjapaltjarri

Warlimpirrnga Tjapaltjarri (; born late 1950s) is an Australian Aboriginal artist. He is one of Australia's most well-known indigenous artists.

Early life

Warlimpirrnga was born in the late 1950s. He was born near Lake Mackay, east of where Kiwirrkurra is today. He and his family lived a traditional nomadic way of life on the western side of Lake Mackay. They had never come into contact with European society. Warlimpirrnga's father died when he was a young boy. His mother remarried shortly after. Warlimpirrnga himself married his cousin, Yalti, sometime around 1980. He was a hunter, the family's main provider of food. He hunted with spears, mirru (spear-throwers) and boomerangs.

In 1984, when he was about 25, he finally came into contact people from outside his family. When he saw a white man for the first time, Warlimpirrnga remembers, "I couldn't believe it. I thought he was a devil, a bad spirit. He was the colour of clouds at sunrise." He and his family were settled at Kiwirrkurra. News of this group living nomadically so far into the modern world made headlines internationally.

Painting
Warlimpirrnga started painting in 1987. He did paintings for Papunya Tula. He was taught by the other artists at the company. He finished his first painting for them in April 1987. His first public exhibition was in Melbourne, in 1988. It showed eleven of his paintings. The entire collection was bought for the National Gallery of Victoria. He has since become one of central Australia's most well-known artists.

Warlimpirrnga paints abstract images of sacred dreaming stories and songs. The stories focus around the Tingari, the ancestors of the Pintupi, spirit beings who are believed to have created all living things. His stories are about his country and sacred sites like Marruwa and Kanapilya.

His work is held in public collections across Australia, such as in the National Gallery in Canberra, the Art Gallery of New South Wales, and the National Gallery of Victoria. He also has work in galleries overseas, such as the Quai Branly Museum in Paris. In 2012, his work was shown as part of the documenta exhibition in Kassel, Germany. As of 2008, the most one of his paintings has sold for is AU$85,000.

References

Other websites
Works by Warlimpirrnga Tjapaltjarri at the Art Gallery of New South Wales
Works by Warlimpirrnga Tjapaltjarri at the National Gallery of Victoria

Indigenous Australian artists
Artists from Western Australia
Living people
Australian painters
1950s births
Pintupi
Hester Jonas

Hester Jonas (around 1570 in Monheim am Rhein – December 24, 1635 in Neuss) was a German midwife and cunning woman. She was executed for witchcraft and is known as the so called Witch of Neuss.

Life 
Jonas married the miller Peter Meurer. They moved to Neuss. There she suffered severe epileptic seizures. She worked as a midwife and was familiar with herbalism, particularly mandrake.

In November 1635 (at the age of about 64 years), she was accused of witchcraft. She was arrested, examined and tortured. The mayor of Neuss accused her of having a deal with the devil. A few years back she already had the reputation of being a witch. In the wake of growing public rumours, the authorities were forced to do something. After hearings on November 15 and 22, Jonas denied the charges. On December 19 and 20 she was put on a chair spiked with sharp nails for three hours.

After her torture she confessed falsely. She confessed to having sexual intercourse with a black man named "Hans Beelzebub". She confessed to damaging humans and animals by black magic. On the same night she escaped, but was captured again in a short time. Jonas then said her confession wasn't true, but her resistance was broken after a violent whipping the next day. She again confessed to all charges and the court sentenced her to death by beheading. On December 24 she was beheaded by an executioner. Her body was burnt and the ashes blew away in the wind.

The transcripts are still available in the city archive of Neuss.

Trivia 
 "The Ballad of Hester Jonas" by Peter Maiwald

Further reading 
 Kemmerich, Hetty. Sagt, was ich gestehen soll! Hexenprozesse. Dortmund 2004, , p. 231–236.

References 

1570s births
1635 deaths
Executed German people
People executed for witchcraft
People from North Rhine-Westphalia
Papunya Tula

Papunya Tula Artists is a co-operative of Aboriginal Australian artists. It is owned and run by Aboriginal people of the Western Desert. It is famous for its development of the Western Desert art movement – widely referred to as "dot painting" – and is often credited with bringing Aboriginal art to the world's attention. The original group of artists started painting in the town of Papunya, but today the company is based in Alice Springs.

The origins of the company go back to 1971. Geoffrey Bardon, the school teacher at Papunya, taught the children to paint a mural using the classical style of body and sand art. Historically, paintings and designs are made by Aborigines to depict stories and songs about the dreamtime. The co-operative was formed in 1972 by a group of men from Bardon's classes. They painted spiritual designs used in ceremonial art, but using modern instruments (like acrylic paints on canvas).

As this style of art started to become famous, many in the Aboriginal community criticised the artists for revealing too many secrets from their sacred legends. Aborigines of the Western Desert believe that the knowledge of these things is dangerous; usually, a person must be initiated first, and this only happens when they are deemed "ready" by their community. In response, the artists changed or removed all detailed images of sacred symbols. In all works since then, these images have been hidden or left out completely.

In the late 1970s, many of the people at Papunya left and moved back to their traditional lands. But the company continued to grow, and it centralised in Alice Springs. In 1987, the National Gallery of Victoria bought eleven paintings by Warlimpirrnga Tjapaltjarri. As popularity of this style of art continued to grow, so did their value. In 2007, a single painting by Clifford Possum Tjapaltjarri set a record at auction for Aboriginal art. It was bought for £1.03 million, more than twice as much as the previous record-holder.

The first artists, including all of the company's founders, were men. In the early years, the men didn't like women painting. However, there was also a strong desire amongst many of the women to participate. In the 1990s large numbers of them began to create paintings.

Notes

Other websites
Gallery website
Papunya Tula exhibition  at the Art Gallery of New South Wales
Papunya Painting, an exhibition at the National Museum of Australia
Tjukurrtjanu: Origins of Western Desert Art, an exhibition at the National Gallery of Victoria
Papunya Tula art movement of the Western Desert , Australian Government portal

Indigenous Australian culture
Australian artists
Companies of Australia
CIS

CIS may refer to:
Center for Immigration Studies
Confederacy of Independent Systems
Commonwealth of Independent States

Related pages
CIS Tower
Ham Tae-yeong

Ham Tae-yeong (1872-1964) was a Korean politician and independence activist. He was the 3rd Vice President of South Korea, from 1952 to 1956.

South Korean politicians
Korean activists
1872 births
1964 deaths
Hippocamp

The hippocamp (also: hippocampe, hippokamp, or hippocampus, pl: hippocampi or hippokampoi) is a sea monster in Greek mythology. The creature has a horse's body and a fish's tail. It was not commonly pictured in Classical Greek art but when it is, it is sometimes ridden by the sea god Nereus or sea nymphs. The hippocamp plays no part in any known mythological tale. The ancients believed it was the adult form of the seahorse. It draws the chariot of Poseidon and other sea divinities in the works of ancient writers and artists.

References 

Greek legendary creatures
Takariya Napaltjarri

Takariya Napaltjarri (born early 1960s) is an Australian Aboriginal artist. She paints for the Papunya Tula artists' co-operative.

History

Early life

Takariya was born in the 1960s near Lake Mackay, in Western Australia. The exact year is not known. She grew up living a traditional, nomadic way of life in the desert. Takariya's mother was named Papalya and her father was named Waku. Her father died not long after she was born. She had an older sister, Topsy, and an older brother, Warlimpirrnga.

Takariya's family lived in isolation in the desert. They had never come into contact with Euro-Australian society. Most of their relatives had been settled into towns on the edges of the desert. The group's leader, Lanti, had decided that they would stay living in the desert. Takariya and her family finally came into contact with some of their relatives in 1984. They were settled at Kiwirrkurra, on the south edge of Lake Mackay. The event was big news at the time, and the family became famously known as "the last nomads". Takariya was in her mid- to late-20s at the time.

Kiwirrkurra
Shortly after her family arrived at Kiwirrkurra, Takariya was married to Freddy West Tjakamarra. This was a gesture between the family and the village. They later separated. A few years later, Takariya married another man, named Richard Tjakamarra.

Painting
Takariya began painting for the Papunya Tula co-operative in June 1996. Later in the year, she had her first exhibition. It was a group exhibition called Papunya Women, shown at Utopia Art Gallery in Sydney. In 1997, her work was included in the Bulada exhibition at the Art Gallery of New South Wales. She has also painted for Warlayirti Artists at Balgo, where her husband's family lives. Works by Takariya are held in the Art Gallery of New Wales, as well as in collections overseas.

Her paintings are of sacred dreaming stories and songs. They are mostly about the Tingari (the ancestors of the Pintupi). Takariya paints her and her mother's dreaming country. This includes places like Marrapinti, Ngalpurrunya, Ngaminya, Karilwara, Wirrulnga and Marruwa – places that are sacred to her.

References

Indigenous Australian artists
Artists from Western Australia
Living people
Australian painters
1960s births
Pintupi
Glima

Glíma is an Old Norse word meaning glimpse or flash, and is 
the name of the Scandinavian martial arts system used by the Vikings 
over 1200 years ago.

Glima as a self-defence system contains throws, blows, kicks, chokes,
locks, and pain techniques, and is comparable with the best complete 
martial arts systems from around the world. Glima as self-defence was 
the foundation for the Viking warrior, and these techniques are still 
practiced in Scandinavia, Europe, North America and South America.

Glima as a sport  is often called Viking wrestling and covers several types of Scandinavian folk wrestling: Lausatök, Brokartök and Hryggspenna. Lausatök (Loose-grip or Free-grip) is the most wide spread form of glima practiced in Norway. It is quite aggressive form of wrestling where the match the winner is considered the one who is standing up while the opponent is lying on the ground. Hryggspenna (Backhold) is a form of wrestling where the opponents take hold of each other's 
upper body with a grip around the back; whoever touches the ground with any part of the body except 
the feet has lost. Brokartök (Trouser-grip) the most widespread in Iceland and Sweden. In this type of Glima, the wrestlers hold each others trousers by the waistline, or by a special Brokartök glima belt, then attempts to trip and throw their opponent.

Christian priests regarded Glima as a pagan activity and tried to eliminate it when Scandinavia, became Christian. The people of Scandinavia however thought it good for physical and moral development and continued to practice the sport. Brokartök glima has been the national sport of Iceland for over 100 years.

References 
 Craig, Steve. Sports and Games of the Ancients, pages 97-99, Greenwood Publishing Group.

Other websites

Wrestling
Iceland
The Surgeon

The Surgeon is a 1995 horror movie directed by Carl Schenkel. The plot involves a small boy who witnesses his brother being killed in surgery, and grows up to become a monster with a scalpel. The film stars Isabel Glasser, Peter Boyle, Malcolm McDowell and Charles Dance. Originally titled Exquisite Tenderness, the film was released in Spain in 1995. Some of the footage was shot in Canada. It made about 10,000,000 in profit. It also came out in the United Kingdom and Germany.

Other websites

1995 movies
1990s horror movies
English-language movies
Bohr model

In quantum mechanics, a branch of physics, the Bohr model is the model of the atom proposed by Niels Bohr. Bohr's model is useful only when discussing the behavior of a hydrogen atom. Bohr's model is extremely useful in describing the hydrogen emission spectrum.

Electrons

Energy Levels 

The Bohr model says that the angular momentum of an electron within a hydrogen atom can only be integer multiples of a certain number.

Where h is Planck's constant, π is pi, and n is the multiples (1,2,3,...). This formula says that an electron will only be found on the energy levels predicted by the formula, and not anywhere in between. This means that if an electron jumps from one energy level to the next, it will never be in between energy levels, but will instantaneously be transported from one level to the other.

Light 
Bohr's model is also useful because it explains the cause of light. Bohr agreed with classical theory that light has a wave-particle duality (meaning that it is made of both electromagnetic waves and particles called photons), but he said that light was given off when an electron in a hydrogen atom jumps from a higher energy level to a lower one. Basically, if an electron with x amount of energy goes to a lower state of energy and loses y energy, then a photon with energy y is emitted by the atom and either becomes light or some other form of radiation.

Related pages 
Quantum mechanics
Emission spectrum

Quantum mechanics
Matter wave

In quantum mechanics, a branch of physics, a matter wave is when you think of matter as a wave. The concept of matter waves was first introduced by Louis de Broglie. Matter waves are hard to visualize, because we are used to thinking of matter as a physical object. De Broglie revolutionized quantum mechanics by producing the equation for matter waves.

Wavelength of Matter 
As experiments on light revealed that photons possessed both wavelike and particular properties, they were considered at the time to have a dual nature as both particles and waves. De Broglie showed that matter might exhibit such a 'wave-particle duality' as well. Basing his formula on earlier formulas, he arrived at the equation below. 

Where λ is the wavelength of the object, h is Planck's constant, m is the mass of the object, and v is the velocity of the object. An alternate and also correct version of this formula is

Where p is the momentum. (Momentum is equal to mass times velocity). These equations merely say that matter exhibits a particle-like nature in some circumstances, and a wave-like characteristic at other times. Erwin Schrödinger created an advanced equation based on this formula and the Bohr model, known as the Schrödinger equation.

Related pages 
Quantum mechanics
Wave-particle duality

Wave physics
Quantum mechanics
Matt Hughes

Matthew Allen Hughes (born December 13, 1978 in Hillsboro, Illinois) is a retired American mixed martial artist. Hughes is a former two-time UFC Welterweight Champion and UFC Hall of Famer. He put together two separate six-fight winning streaks. He defeated all the available opposition in his weight class. He defeated six former UFC Champions. Hughes also was the coach for the reality shows The Ultimate Fighter 2 and The Ultimate Fighter 6. He was the host of Trophy Hunters TV.

On June 16, 2017, Hughes was hospitalized with a serious head injury after a train struck the passenger side of his truck at a crossing near his home in Montgomery County, Illinois.

Championships and achievements

Mixed martial arts
Ultimate Fighting Championship
UFC Welterweight Champion (two times)
Seven successful title defenses
Second most successful welterweight title defenses (seven)
Tapout of the Night (four times)
Submission of the Night (one time)
Fight of the Night (one time)
UFC Hall of Fame
Third most wins in the UFC (eighteen)
Most finishes in the Welterweight division (Thirteen)
Two separate six-fight win streaks in the UFC
Defeated all but one (Pat Miletich) of the other UFC welterweight champions while active
Defeated six different UFC champions
Black Belt Magazine
2006 NHB Fighter of the Year
Black Belt Magazine Hall of Famer
Bleacher Report
2000s Welterweight of the Decade.
Sports Illustrated
2000s #3 Fighter of the Decade
UFC's #4 Greatest Fight vs. Frank Trigg on April 16, 2005
UFC's #1 Greatest Fight vs. B.J. Penn on September 23, 2006
About.com
2000s #5 Fight of the Decade vs. B.J. Penn on September 23, 2006
2000s #3 Fight of the Decade vs. Frank Trigg on April 16, 2005
Fight Matrix
1999 Fighter of the Year 3rd Place
2002 Fighter of the Year
2003 Fighter of the Year 3rd Place
2004 Fighter of the Year 3rd Place
2005 Fighter of the Year 3rd Place
MMAFighting
2002 Welterweight Fighter of the Year
2003 Welterweight Fighter of the Year
2005 Submission of the Year vs. Frank Trigg on April 16, 2005
Yahoo! Sports
2000s #6 Fight of the Decade vs. Frank Trigg on April 16, 2005

Amateur wrestling
National Collegiate Athletic Association
NCAA Division 1 All-American Team (Two times)
NCAA Division 1 158 lb - 8th place out of Eastern Illinois University (1996)
NCAA Division 1 158 lb - 5th place out of Eastern Illinois University (1997)
National Junior College Athletic Association
NJCAA All-American Team (Two times)
NJCAA Hall of Fame
Eastern Illinois University
EIU Athletic Hall of Fame
Illinois High School Association
IHSA Class A State Wrestling Champion 145 lb (1991)
IHSA Class A State Wrestling Champion 145 lb (1992)

Submission grappling
Grapplers Quest
2002 Grapplers Quest West Championships Middleweight Advanced Champion (2/23/02)

Books
(2008) Made in America: The Most Dominant Champion in UFC History. Simon Spotlight Entertainment. .

References

Other websites

Matt Hughes' official website
Official UFC Profile
IMDB page
Matt Hughes' training facility
Matt Hughes profile at the National Wrestling Hall of Fame

1973 births
Living people
American Christians
American mixed martial artists
Niki Taylor

Niki Taylor (born March 5, 1975 in Fort Lauderdale, Florida) is an American model and was shown on multiple magazine covers, such as Sports Illustrated. She is also associated with cosmetics, including but not limited to CoverGirl. In 2001, she was almost killed because of a car accident, but has continued to model in spite of that accident.

References

Models from Florida
People from Fort Lauderdale, Florida
Participants in American reality television series
1975 births
Living people
Female sexual arousal disorder

Female sexual arousal disorder is condition where a woman has a hard time getting aroused sexually. or to maintain this arousal, until after sexual intercourse.

Human sexuality
Disorders

 Persistent, recurrent problems with sexual response or desire — that distress you or strain your relationship with your partner — are known medically as female sexual dysfunction.

Many women experience problems with sexual function at some point in their lives. Female sexual dysfunction can occur at all stages of life, and it may be ongoing or happen only once in a while.

You may experience more than one type of female sexual dysfunction. Types include:

Low sexual desire. You have diminished libido, or lack of sex drive.
Sexual arousal disorder. Your desire for sex might be intact, but you have difficulty or are unable to become aroused or maintain arousal during sexual activity.
Orgasmic disorder. You have persistent or recurrent difficulty in achieving orgasm after sufficient sexual arousal and ongoing stimulation.
Sexual pain disorder. You have pain associated with sexual stimulation or vaginal contact.
Masashi Ebinuma

is a Japanese athlete.  He is best known as a judoka.

Career
In 2011, Ebunuma won the World Championship for his judo weight class.

Ebinuma won the bronze medal in the men’s 66 kg judo category during the 2012 Summer Olympics.

References

Other websites
  Masashi Ebinuma (JPN) at Judoinside.com 

1990 births
Living people
Japanese Olympic bronze medalists
Judoka
2012 Summer Olympics
Japanese martial artists
Topsy Napaltjarri

Topsy Gibson Napaltjarri is an Australian Aboriginal artist.

Life
Topsy was born around 1950, in the Gibson Desert. She was born at Wirrulnga, a rockhole near what is now Kiwirrkurra, in Western Australia. She was the first child of Papalya and Waku. She grew up living in the desert, living a traditional hunter-gatherer way of life on the western side of Lake Mackay. Her family had no contact with the modern world and had never seen White people. When she was about 13, she married a man named Tommy Tjakamarra. She left her family and went with Tommy to go and live at Mount Doreen, northwest of Yuendumu. This was her first encounter with modern, Euro-Australian society. Her family was left behind in the desert and did not come out until 1984.

Topsy and Tommy lived at Papunya for a few years, but they later separated. Topsy remarried, to a man named Tony Tjakamarra, and she moved west with him to Balgo. They moved to Kiwirrkurra in 1984, not long after it was founded. She has two daughters, Yalamay (born 1973) and Lynette (born 1976), and one son.

Painting
Topsy began painting in 1996, with her sister Takariya. Her younger brother, Warlimpirrnga, had been painting since 1987 and was already famous as an artist. She was first represented by Warlayirti Artists, the art co-operative at Balgo.

References

Indigenous Australian artists
Artists from Western Australia
Living people
Australian painters
1950s births
Pintupi
Brett Butler

Brett Butler (born January 30, 1958) is an American actress and stand-up comedian. She is best known for playing Grace in the sitcom Grace Under Fire. She has also done other television programs and comedy acts.

Butler published Knee Deep in Paradise in 1996.  The book tells about her life before her successful television program.

References

Other websites
 
 

Comedians from Alabama
American television actors
Actors from Montgomery, Alabama
1958 births
Living people
Nicola Porpora

Nicola (Antonio) Porpora (or Niccolò Porpora) (17 August 1686 – 3 March 1768) was a composer and a very famous singing teacher from Italy. He composed more than 40 operas. He also composed cantatas, oratorios, sonatas for violin, and church music. Some of the famous people who studied singing and music with Porpora were the poet Pietro Metastasio, the composer Joseph Haydn, Princess Maria Antonia of Bavaria, and the castrato singers, Farinelli and Caffarelli.

Life
Porpora was born in Naples. His father, Carlo Porpora, owned a book shop. When he was ten years old, Porpora began to study music at a famous music school in Naples called the . He studied there for ten years. He composed his first opera, Agrippina, when he was 22 years old. It was about Agrippina the Younger, the mother of the Roman Emperor, Nero. Agrippina was first performed in 1708 at the Royal Palace in Naples.

At first, Porpora worked mostly in Naples, composing music and teaching singing. In 1726 he went to live in Venice where he taught singing and composed many operas. He lived in Venice for many years. During his life he also worked in Vienna, Dresden, and London. He went back to Naples to work two or three times. The last time was in 1758. He stayed in Naples for the rest of his life. He was a teacher at two music schools there, the  and the . 

He wrote his last opera in 1760. It was called  (Camilla's Triumph). It was performed at the Teatro di San Carlo in Naples, but it was not a success. He retired from teaching in 1761. In the last years of his life, he had very little money. Porpora died in 1768. He was 81 years old. He is buried in the Church of Ecce Homo in Naples. Many singers and musicians performed at his funeral.

Recordings
There are several modern recordings of Porpora's music, especially his sonatas for violin and his church music. There is also a recording of arias from six of his operas. They are performed by the soprano, Karina Gauvin and the  orchestra, conducted by Alan Curtis.

References

Grove, George (1900). "Porpora, Nicola", A Dictionary of Music and Musicians, Volume 3, pp. 16-18. MacMillan & Co 
Randel, Don Michael (ed.) (1996). "Porpora, Nicola (Antonio)" in The Harvard Biographical Dictionary of Music, pp. 702-703. Harvard University Press

Other websites
The Porpora Project with a longer biography of Porpora and lists of his compositions.
 Nicola Porpora at the International Music Score Library Project

1686 births
1768 deaths
Entertainers from Campania
Italian composers
People from Naples
Hermannsburg, Northern Territory

Hermannsburg is an Aboriginal community in the Northern Territory of Australia. It is about  southwest of Alice Springs. It is known in the local Arrernte language as Ntaria.

In the 2006 census, Hermannsburg had a population of 559. It was established as a Lutheran mission in 1877 by two missionaries from Germany. They named their new mission after Hermannsburg in Germany where they had trained. The missionaries left in 1891, but people still lived at the settlement. The mission land was given over to traditional ownership in 1982.

The famous painter Albert Namatjira was born at Hermannsburg in 1902. He painted landscapes in Western-style watercolours. Painting in this style came to be known as the Hermannsburg School of painting.

Other websites
South Australian History - Hermannsburg

1877 establishments in Australia
Indigenous Australian communities
Towns in the Northern Territory
Australian National Heritage List
Arrernte
Kiwirrkurra Community, Western Australia

Kiwirrkura (also spelled Kiwirrkurra) is a small community in Western Australia, near to Lake Mackay. It is 850 km west of Alice Springs. It has been said to be the most remote community in Australia. It was established by Pintupi people as an outstation in the early 1980s. It became a permanent settlement in 1983. It was one of the last areas with nomadic, hunter-gatherer Aboriginals; the last group were settled here in 1984.

The town was evacuated in March 2001 because of serious floods. The population (about 170 people) were first moved to Kintore, then to Alice Springs and then finally to the Goldfields of Western Australia, over  south of Kiwirrkurra. At Alice Springs, the people drunk alcohol for the first time. This led to major conflicts and violence. The community moved back to Kiwirrkurra in late 2002. Though they had been evacuated and living in other places at the time, the Kiwirrkurra people gained native title over the area on 19 October 2001. The title covered  of the land and waters around the town.

References

Towns in Western Australia
Indigenous Australian communities
Pintupi
1983 establishments
1980s establishments in Australia
Karl Rove

Karl "Ham" Rove (born December 25, 1950) is an American political consultant and a policy advisor. He was Deputy Chief of Staff under President George W. Bush. Rove is also a Fox News contributor and columnist for the Wall Street Journal. Rove was born in Denver, Colorado.

References

Other websites

Politicians from Denver, Colorado
1950 births
Living people
US Republican Party politicians
American political commentators
Fox News people
Ann-Margret

Ann-Margret Olssen (born April 28, 1941 in Valsjobyn, Sweden, more often known as just Ann-Margret) is a television and movie actress. She has won five Golden Globe Awards for her many performances. Her movies include The Cincinnati Kid and Carnal Knowledge.

From 1967 until his death in 2017, she was married to actor Roger Smith.

References

Other websites

Naturalized citizens of the United States
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American voice actors
1941 births
Living people
Golden Globe Award winning actors
Swedish voice actors
Swedish movie actors
Swedish television actors
Actors from Stockholm
Annie Potts

Annie Potts (born October 28, 1952 in Nashville) is an American television, movie and voice actress. She starred in the two Ghostbusters movies and the first two Toy Story movies. She is best known for playing Mary in the CBS sitcom Designing Women and as Sheldon's MeeMaw in Young Sheldon. She also performed in other movies.

Filmography

Animated Roles
 Hercules - Syrinx
 Randy Cunningham: 9th Grade Ninja - Miss Mary Elizabeth Zingwald
 The Kwicky Koala Show - Additional Voices
 Welcome to the Wayne - Olympia Timbers

Live-Action Roles
 Amazing Stories - Bev Binsford

Film Roles
 Toy Story - Bo Peep
 Toy Story 2 - Bo Peep
 Toy Story 4 - Bo Peep
 Woody's Roundup: The Movie - Bo Peep

Video Game Roles
 Ghostbusters: The Video Game - Janine Melnitz

References

Other websites

American movie actors
1952 births
Living people
Actors from Nashville, Tennessee
American television actors
La Vita Nuova

La Vita Nuova or Vita Nova (in English: The New Life) is a book written by Dante Alighieri in 1295. It is an expression of the medieval courtly love and it is written in a prosimetrum style, a combination of both prose and verse. It tells the story of his love for Beatrice Portinari, who also served as the ultimate symbol of salvation in The Divine Comedy.

Vita Nuova, La
Caribbean Netherlands

The Caribbean Netherlands () is the part of the Netherlands that is in the Caribbean. The rest of the country is in Europe. The Caribbean Netherlands is made up of three special municipalities (): the islands of Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba. They are also called the BES islands.

The Caribbean Netherlands does not include the other Dutch countries in the Caribbean (Aruba, Curaçao and Sint Maarten). Those are three of the four countries that make up the Kingdom of the Netherlands. The fourth country is the Netherlands proper. The islands of the Caribbean Netherlands are fully part of the Netherlands proper. They were made a part of the Netherlands when the Netherlands Antilles was dissolved (broken apart) on 10 October 2010.

Although the islands are now part of the Netherlands, they are not yet part of the European Union. They will instead remain overseas territories until at least 2015. They are different to other municipalities in the Netherlands. Unlike normal municipalities, they do not form part of a Dutch province.

Bonaire is located east of Aruba and Curaçao, close to the coast of Venezuela. Sint Eustatius and Saba are located south of Sint Maarten and northwest of Saint Kitts and Nevis. The BES islands have a total population of 21,000 and a total area of .

References

Other websites

Official website of the National Office for the Caribbean Netherlands

 
2010 establishments in North America
Alfa Romeo 146

The Alfa Romeo 146 is a car produced by Alfa Romeo. It replaced the Alfa Romeo 33 in 1995, and was replaced by the Alfa Romeo 147 in 2000.

Engines

Petrol 
 1.4 66 kW (90 hp)
 1.4 Twin Spark 16V 76 kW (103 hp)
 1.6 76 kW (103 hp)
 1.6 Twin Spark 16V 88 kW (120 hp)
 1.7 16V 95 kW (129 hp)
 1.8 Twin Spark 16V 103 kW (140 hp) and 106 kW (144 hp)
 2.0 ti 110 kW (150 hp) and 114 kW (155 hp)

Diesel 
 1.9 JTD 77 kW (105 hp)
 2.0 TD 66 kW (90 hp)

146
1990s automobiles
2000s automobiles
Alfa Romeo 166

The Alfa Romeo 166 is a car produced by Alfa Romeo. It replaced the Alfa Romeo 164 in late 1998 and facelifted in 2003 with right hand drive production ending in 2005. It was produced until 2007 with no direct successor.

Engines

Petrol 
 2.0 Twin Spark 110 kW (150 hp) and 114 kW (155 hp)
 2.0 V6 TB 151 kW (205 hp)
 2.5 V6 138 kW (188 hp) and 140 kW (190 hp)
 3.0 V6 162 kW (220 hp) and 166 kW (226 hp)
 3.2 V6 177 kW (241 hp)

Diesel 
 2.4 JTD 100 kW (136 hp) and 110 kW (150 hp)
 2.4 Multijet 129 kW (175 hp) and 136 kW (185 hp)

References

166
1990s automobiles
2000s automobiles
Yoshiaki Oiwa

is a Japanese athlete.  He is best known as an equestrian who competed in the 2008 Summer Olympics and in the 2012 Summer Olympics.

Career
In the 2012 Olympics at London, he ranked first after dressage in the three-day eventing competition. He made history as the first Asian rider to lead any four-star three-day event after dressage.

Related pages
 Sports in Japan
 Japan at the Olympics

References

Other websites
  Yoshiaki Oiwa at Fédération Equestre Internationale (FEI)

1976 births
Living people
Japanese sportspeople
2012 Summer Olympics
2008 Summer Olympics
Equestrians