cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Ben Foster (footballer)

Ben Foster (born 3 April 1983) is an English footballer. He is a former England national team goalkeeper who currently plays for the English Premier League club Watford. He holds the record for having done the most no. of saves (1178) in premier league history.

Foster started his football career at Racing Club Warwick and in 2001, secured his first transfer to Stoke City. Although considered promising, Foster struggled and could not get regular game-time in his youth days.

In 2005 he departed, without playing a single match, from Stoke City after a series of loan spells and joined Manchester United where he played as a back-up to Edwin van der Sar. He was loaned twice, consecutively, for the years 2005-06 and 2006-07 to Watford before spending three more seasons at Manchester United as a substitute goalkeeper. He finally left Manchester United for Birmingham City in 2010.

It was from this time that Foster started to get regular starts in all the teams he played till now. At Birmingham City, he instantly established himself in the main-eleven for the 2010-11 season. The next season, West Bromwich Albion successfully managed to seal a loan deal with Birmingham City for Foster before finalising the transfer in 2012. He spent a total of seasons at West Brom before leaving the club for Watford in 2018. Since joining Watford, he has been praised several times by analysts for his calm presence in the goal behind a considerably weak Watford defense and has won back-to-back Premier league goalkeeper of the year awards at the London Football Awards.

Personal life
Born in Leamington Spa, Ben Foster used to work as a chef before he started his career as a footballer. He is currently married to Kate Foster with whom he has 2 childrens. The family lives in a self-designed house at Tiddington, Warwickshire. Besides football, Foster has deep interest in cycling and has taken part in various cycling tours.

Career statistics

Club

International

Source:

Honours
Wrexham
Football League Trophy: 2004–05

Watford
Football League Championship play-offs: 2006
FA Cup runner-up: 2018–19

Manchester United
Football League Cup: 2008–09, 2009–10

Birmingham City
Football League Cup: 2010–11

Individual
Watford Player of the Season: 2006–07
Alan Hardaker Trophy: 2009, 2011
Birmingham City Player of the Season: 2010–11
Birmingham City Players' Player of the Season: 2010–11
West Bromwich Albion Supporters' Player of the Season: 2011–12, 2013–14
West Bromwich Albion Players' Player of the Season: 2011–12, 2013–14
London Football Awards Goalkeeper of the Year: 2018, 2019

References

Other websites

Profile at the Watford F.C. website

1983 births
Living people
English association football goalkeepers
Sportspeople from Warwickshire
Premier League players
Yonsei University

This article is about the Korean university.  For other uses, see Yonsei.
Yonsei University (연세대학교,延世大學校) is one of the top three universities in South Korea. It is privately-owned, and one of the oldest universities in the country.

History
Yonsei University was started by a Christian missionary named Horace Underwood. The university included older schools. One was Yonhi College and another was Severance Hospital. Severance Hospital had a medical school called Gwanghyewon which opened in 1885. Therefore, Yonsei University states that it started in 1885.

Geography
The main buildings are in Sinchon in Seoul, but there are also students in Wonju in Gangwon province.

The university offers courses in economics, business, and medical majors. Severance Hospital is still the medical center of Yonsei University. Yonsei University's school color is blue.

References 

Schools in South Korea
1885 establishments
1880s establishments in Asia
Establishments in South Korea
Hankuk Academy of Foreign Studies

Hankuk Academy of Foreign Studies (HAFS) is a private boarding school in Yongin City, South Korea. It was founded by the city council and the Hankuk University of Foreign Studies through working together. HAFS was established on 9 October 2004. The school has around 113 workers and approximately 1050 students. The school is well known for its school uniform which is designed by André Kim, a famous designer in S. Korea.

The school ground includes three classroom buildings named Pioneer Hall, Dream Hall, and Challenge Hall respectively and two dormitory buildings named Ace Hall. All students have to live in the dormitory throughout the school years.

There are 5 language departments, which are often referred to as "majors": English, French, German, Chinese, and Japanese. Classes 1 - 3 are English majors; class 4, French major; class 5, German major; classes 6 - 8, Chinese majors; classes 9 - 10, Japanese majors. There are approximately 35 students per class. The English majors are often referred to as the International Department and the French, German, Chinese and Japanese majors, or the Eurasian Majors as the Domestic Department.

Schools in South Korea
2004 establishments in Asia
El Clásico

El Clásico (, ) is a football match between two Spanish rival football clubs, FC Barcelona and Real Madrid, in the Spanish football league La Liga. It is one of the most famous football matches in the world.

History 
The rival match is also well-known due to its history.  Historically, Catalonia was oppressed and disrespected by the dictatorship. Thus, the only way the citizens could take revenge to the government was to defeat the football club representing Madrid (the capital city and the central government in Spain). FC Barcelona led in Official Matches 96 wins to 95 Real Madrid.

Achievements 

Currently, the records for both Real Madrid and FC Barcelona are one of the top football clubs in the world.

Real Madrid has won: 34 La Ligas, 19 Copa del Reys, 2 UEFA Cups, 13 UEFA Champions Leagues, 3 Intercontinental Cups, and 4 FIFA Club World Cups.

FC Barcelona has won: 26 La Ligas, 30 Copa del Reys, 4 UEFA Cup Winners' Cups, 5 UEFA Champions Leagues, 3 Inter-Cities Fairs Cups, and 3 FIFA Club World Cups.

References 

Football in Spain
American Embassy School

The American Embassy School is an international school in New Delhi, India. The campus is twelve acres large, and it contains 34 faculty families on campus. The school, despite its large area, is continuously being expanded to include additional students. The school accepts students from nursery to twelfth grade. 

AES is unique, since it is an international school. All lessons, except for special language classes, are taught in English. There are about 1,500 students in the school, and although 35% of them are Americans, the rest of the students come from 53 different nationalities. The school's motto is "Enter to learn... Leave to serve."

Curriculum 
The curriculum at AES follows the college preparatory program that are used in American private schools. At high school, students have the opportunity to take the program of either International Baccalaureate (IB) or Advanced Placement (AP) as well as a regular high school program.

Other websites 
The school homepage

Schools in India
New Delhi
Bungee jumping

Bungee jumping is an adventurous sport in which people jump from higher ground such as a bridge with an elastic rope tied to their ankles to stop them from hitting the ground. The rope is designed to stretch, not break. When the rope has stretched all the way, the jumper bounces back up. When people jump they wear safety equipment like helmets and a harness.

History
It started as the coming-of-age ceremony in a small                          village on South Pentecost Island in Vanuatu. The young men jump from the top of a 30 meter high tree to demonstrate their courage as an adult. They tied jungle vines around their ankles so that they would not hit the ground.And from then it started to become a sport in which people take part and it was named bungee jumping .

Modern bungee jumping

Modern bungee jumping began when four British men jumped off  the Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco. In 1987 A.J.Hackett became world famous when he jumped from the Eiffel Tower in Paris. Later he set up the Kawarau Bridge in New Zealand, with a height of 47 meters, as a commercial bungee jumping area. People could pay money for the fun of jumping. The idea quickly spread around the world.

Safety
Bungee jumping has several dangers. The rope has to be the right size for your weight, or it may break. The safety harness has to fit properly or the force of the drop could cause a person's bones to break. The rope has to be the right length or a person could hit the ground before being stopped by the rope.

References

Other websites
 AJ Hacketts official website
Leisure
Sports
Blast fishing

Blast fishing or dynamite fishing is the use of dynamite or homemade bombs to kill or stun many fish at once. This makes the fish easier to catch. It kills many fish, and damages where they live. The explosions often destroys the habitat (such as coral reefs) which supports the fish. 

The explosives are also dangerous for the fishermen, causing accidents and injuries. The practice is illegal in many places.

References 

Fishing
Nam June Paik

Nam June Paik (July 20, 1932 – January 29, 2006) was a Korean-born American artist. He is often thought to be the first video artist.

In 1971, he made a cello out of three television sets and some cello strings. Then he got a famous cellist to play the cello.

Starting with his debut, he started the neo-dadaism movement. In 2006, he died of natural causes.

References 

American artists
1932 births
2006 deaths
Arirang (2011 movie)

Arirang is a 2011 South Korean movie. It is about the revolutionist Kim San. It is also about the sadness and pain of the Korean people under the rule of the Japanese.

In the story, a female reporter Nim Wales meets Kim San in Yanan City in China. She listens to Kim San about his thoughts of revolution and freedom of his home country Korea.  The Japanese rule at that time was very strict and violent. The people wanted independence of Korea from Japan. Many Koreans, like Kim, were forced to leave their own country. When Kim met Nim Wales in Yanan, he joined the revolution in China against Japan's aggressive war.

In this movie, the main theme is revolution and Independence of Korea. It is also about Kim San's mind to his mother country and his own life.

2011 movies
Korea
Johnny & Associates

Johnny & Associates (, janīzu jimusho in Japanese) is a well-known boys entertainment company in Japan. It was established in 1963 by Johnny Kitagawa. It accepts and trains talented boys and promotes their debuts to the entertainment industry. Although Johnny & Associates once accepted female idol candidates in 1980s, it now only takes boys as its candidates.

History
Starting with group name "Johnnys" in 1962, Johnny & Associates has debuted over 20 groups so far. It has currently more than 10 groups actively participating in the entertainment industry. The most famous groups of today include SMAP (since 1991), TOKIO (1994), V6 (1996), Kinki Kids (1997), Arashi (1999), Tackey and Tsubasa (2001), NewS (2003), Kanjani∞ (2005), KAT-TUN (2006), and Hey! Say! JUMP (2007). Johnny & Associates has been introducing a new idol group almost every other year, and in 2009, Nakayama Yuma with B.I. Shadow made its debut in June.

Companies of Japan
Entertainment companies
1963 establishments in Japan
Archway tube station

Archway tube station is a London Underground station in north London, underneath the Archway Tower, at the intersection of Holloway Road, Highgate Hill and Junction Road in the area known as Archway.

It is on the High Barnet branch of the Northern line, between Highgate and Tufnell Park. It is in both Travelcard Zone 2 and Zone 3.

Gallery

References

Other websites

 London's Transport Museum Photographic Archive 
 
 
 
 
 Archway station on Multimap

Northern line stations
Tube stations in the London Borough of Islington
London Travelcard zone 2
London Travelcard zone 3
Arnos Grove tube station

Arnos Grove is a London Underground station on the Piccadilly line between Bounds Green and Southgate. The station is in Travelcard Zone 4 and is in Arnos Grove - near Arnos Park on Bowes Road, London. The station and the surrounding neighbourhood of Arnos Grove take their names from the Arnos Grove estate, which was north of the station. The station is the first surface station north after the long tunnelled section from Barons Court via Central London.

Related pages
 List of London Underground stations

References

Other websites 

 London Transport Museum Photographic Archive 
 
 
 
 
 
 Charles Holden.com - Early image of Arnos Grove tube station 
 
 The Guardian's Great Modern Buildings Series
 Arnos Grove 3D model for Google Earth

Piccadilly line stations
Tube stations in the London Borough of Enfield
Grade II listed buildings in London
Grade II listed railway stations
Art Deco buildings
Railway stations opened in 1932
Charles Holden buildings
Cuba libre

The Cuba Libre (IPA /'kuβ̞a'liβ̞ɾe/ in Spanish, kjuːbʌ liːbɹeɪ/ in English, "Free Cuba") is a cocktail made of Cola, rum, and lime. Also referred as Rum and Coke in United States and Canada, it is usually served in a highball glass. The exact recipe of the drink is 2 oz of light rum, juice of 1/2 limes, and cola, although variation in rum is possible according to taste. After pouring the lime juice into the highball glass, add rum, fill the rest of the glass with cola, and then stir. 

The exact history of Cuba Libre is uncertain. Generally accepted theory is that the drink was invented in Havana, Cuba around 1900, after Cuba’s liberation and when Coke was first introduced to Cuba.

Alcoholic drink
Nanta

Nanta is a popular Korean musical. It is a non-verbal performance using the traditional Korean "Samulnori" rhythm. 
This musical was first performed in 1997.
 
Nanta received an award for Best Performance at the Edinburgh Fringe Festival in 1999. Since then, it has been performed successfully in many foreign countries. In 2004, Nanta opened a long running show on Broadway, in New York, a first for an Asian musical. 

Nanta is presented through music and motions, so there is no language barrier. This musical combines traditional rhythms of Korean samulnori with modern musical forms including rock music and jazz. This musical creates unique but familiar experience to a world audience. It is a comedy where everyone in the audience can join in the performance. The audience interacts with the performers in many ways.

References

Other websites
 The official web site 

South Korean music
Seo Tai-ji

Seo Tai-ji (b. February 21, 1972) is a South Korean singer. He was a member of the group Seo Tai Ji and Boys. The songs and performances of this group were very good at that time. However, Seo Tai Ji and Boys broke up. This many fans. After a few years, Seo Tai Ji released a new solo album. He introduced many new forms of music to South Korea after his comeback.

Until even now Seo Tai Ji has a large effect on the singers and other people in South Korea. Fans of Seo Tai Ji call him Daejang which is the word for "captain" in Korean. He is also called the ‘President of Culture.’

References

South Korean singers
1972 births
Living people
Cyworld

Cyworld is a social networking service created by SK communications. 
The name can be interpreted in two ways. The first meaning is simply short for "cyber world" and the second meaning is "사이(Korean word for relationship) world."
In Cyworld, making the raltionship as friends is called "being 1chon". 1chon means very very close relative like family in Korea.   

The users can easily update pictures, videos clips, and blogs and share them with other users through what is called "minihompy." It is similar to that of Facebook or Myspace in U.S. 

The statistics shows that there are about 22,000,000 users in South Korea, which is about the half of the population of South Korea. Although it is mainly used by Koreans, the SK communications has expanded the cyworld services into other countries, such as China, Japan, Vietnam, and U.S.A starting on 2005.

Social networking
Yoo Young Chul

Yoo Young Chul is a South Korean criminal. He is a thief, burglar, robber, fraudster, batterer and serial killer. He murdered 21 women from September 2003 to July 2004 in Seoul, the capital of South Korea. The victims were all women, including a bride who was going to marry the next day. After he was arrested on July 18th 2004, he claimed that he had killed 26 people. However, according to investigation done by The Korea Public Prosecutor’s Office, it was found that he murdered 21 people. The judge gave him the death penalty on December 13rd, 2004, instead of life imprisonment because of the cruelty of his murders. The judge considered Yoo Young Chul’s statement that if he wasn’t arrested, he would have chopped even 100 people into pieces. The chief judge said “considering the pain the victims’ family suffered and panic prevailed in the society, he cannot avoid the top penalty.” He is living on death row.

He said that he started murdering because of hatred toward women caused by his divorce. He got a score of 38 on psychopath test where the maximum score is 40. The closer the score is to 40, the more likely that the test-taker is a psychopath. But, psychiatrists made a diagnosis that he was normal and that he could act according to his own true will. So, the fact that he was psychopath could not justify the crime he committed. This shocking event made many people in Korea pay attention to psychopath and this criminal case was made into a movie named "Chu-Gyuk-Ja" which means "The Chaser" in English.

References

Other websites
http://sstv.freechal.com/News/Detail.aspx?cSn=1&pSn=41787
http://news.naver.com/main/read.nhn?mode=LSD&mid=sec&sid1=102&oid=038&aid=0000262424
http://news.naver.com/main/read.nhn?mode=LSD&mid=sec&sid1=102&oid=032&aid=0000098551
http://news.naver.com/main/read.nhn?mode=LSD&mid=sec&sid1=001&oid=052&aid=0000060752&
http://news.naver.com/main/read.nhn?mode=LSD&mid=sec&sid1=001&oid=052&aid=0000060617&
http://news.naver.com/main/read.nhn?mode=LSD&mid=sec&sid1=102&oid=087&aid=0000024041
http://news.naver.com/main/read.nhn?mode=LSD&mid=sec&sid1=001&oid=055&aid=0000034349&
http://news.naver.com/main/read.nhn?mode=LSD&mid=sec&sid1=102&oid=032&aid=0000098363
http://news.naver.com/main/read.nhn?mode=LSD&mid=sec&sid1=102&oid=034&aid=0000157809
http://news.naver.com/main/read.nhn?mode=LSD&mid=sec&sid1=102&oid=001&aid=0000850683

Burglars
Fraudsters
Prisoners
Robbers
Serial killers
South Korean criminals
Thieves
Living people
1970 births
Men at Work

Men at Work is an Australian reggae-influenced rock band that formed in 1979 in St. Kilda, a suburb of Melbourne. Men at Work often used woodwind and brass instruments. In 1986, they disbanded, but in 1996 they reformed and are still playing. Their biggest success they had in the 1980s. Their biggest hit song was "Down Under" which went to Number 1 on the charts in the USA and UK. They are the only Australian band to have both a single and an album at No 1. on the US charts at the same time.

References 

1970s music groups
1980s music groups
1990s music groups
2000s music groups
2010s music groups
Australian pop music groups
Australian rock bands
New wave bands
Musical groups from Melbourne
Musical groups established in 1979
1979 establishments in Australia
Musical groups disestablished in 1986
1980s disestablishments in Australia
Musical groups established in 1996
1990s establishments in Australia
Ji Kang Hun

Ji Kang Hun (1954~October 15th 1988) was an escapee from prison in Seoul. 

Ji became well known to Koreans, along with those who escaped with him, as their hostage taking was broadcast live all over Korea. Ji became famous for his saying “If you have money, non-guilty. If you don't have money, guilty.” The phrase criticized social and income inequality of the 1980s Korean society. Also, it raised the issue of “Preventive Custody Policy,” which separated prisoners from the society for a while even after their prison term was over in a preventative approach to potential crimes.

The Escape
On October 8, 1988, 12 prisoners from Youngdeungpo Prison escaped into Seoul city during their transfer to Kongju Prison. Although they were known to Koreans as cruel and inhumane criminals, they were actually accused of robbery and other small crimes. They escaped because they were enraged by the idea of “Preventive Custody Policy,” and that trials were conducted unfairly to the poor. Their prison term for stealing 5,000,000 won was longer than that of Jun Kyung Hwan, brother of the former Korean president, who had embezzled approximately 60,000,000,000 won.
Among the 12 escapees, 4 out of 5 managed to stay unarrested until the very end. They are Ji Kang Hun (35 years old), An Kwang Sul (22), Kang Young Il (21), and Han E-Chul (20). They moved in search of shelters from houses to houses in Seoul. On October 15th, they smuggled into Ko’s house in Seodaemungu Bukjakadong and took hostage of his family. This hostage taking was broadcasted live on television. Ko managed to sneak out from the house at 4:00 AM in the morning and informed the police. The house was surrounded immediately by more than 1000 police force. The standoff between the escapees and the police started from 4:40 AM. At about 12:00 PM, Kang Young Il came out of the house in an effort to negotiate with the police. He tried to get back to the house, but was stopped by Ji who shot a gun before Kang’s feet. Ji stated that this was his last gift to Kang. Then, two of other escapees, An Kwang Sul and Han E-Chul committed suicide in the other room. Ji asked the police for a cassette tape, Holiday by Beegees. He shouted out to the reporters, policemen, and those who were at the scene, “If you have money, non-guilty. If you don't have money, guilty.” He tried to kill himself by stabbing his throat with a piece of glass that he had shattered from the window while listening to Holiday. During the process of rescuing the hostages, Ji was shot two times by the Special Squad in the house. He died the same day at the hospital for excessive loss of blood.

Influence
To this day, the phrase “If you have money, non-guilty. If you don’t have money, guilty” is used to criticize politicians or elites in corporations who get away with bribery and embezzlement. 

A movie based on his escape, “Holiday,” was made in Korea in 2006. The title was named after a song by Beegees, which Ji Kang Hun asked for at the hostage taking scene

Other websites 
 "Hostage Taking on Sunday" video from MBC iMTV 
 October 16th 1988 News from MBC

South Korean criminals
Commercial Act of South Korea

The Commercial Act of South Korea () is the law that controls commerce in South Korea. It was originally enacted on 1 January 1963. It currently consists of 5 main chapters: General Provisions, Commercial Transactions, Company, Insurance, and Maritime Commerce.

Amendments (changes) were made in 1963, 1984, 1991, 1993, 1995, 1996, 1998, 1999, 2001, 2002, 2008 and 2009. The biggest changes were made to comply with rules made by the International Monetary Fund. These changes were made during South Korea's foreign currency crisis in 1998. They were commentated to support corporate restructuring and improving accountability and transparency of management through efficient monitoring.

The concept of directors' fiduciary duty of loyalty was introduced into the statute in the Commercial Act and was imposed as a statutory obligation of directors of stock companies. The Commercial Act also newly included the concept of de facto directors liable for damages under certain circumstances.  This enabled the Commercial Act to enhance managerial accountability by holding "owners", who do not hold any official corporate directorship, liable for mis-management and misconduct. Additionally, through the introduction of the shareholder proposal rights, the status of minority shareholders improved, securing the opportunities of minority shareholders to propose certain issues to the board of directors and the general shareholders' meeting.

More reading 

 Hwa-Jin Kim (1999) "Living with the IMF: a New Approach to Corporate Governance and Regulation of Financial Institutions in Korea", 17 Berkeley Journal International Law. 
 The Korean Commerce Code (상법/商法): § 382-3, 401-2, 363-2

Economy of South Korea
Commerce
Legislation
History of South Korea
Dilation and curettage

Dilation and Curettage (D&C) is a type of surgery used to diagnose and treat problems with woman's uterus.

During a D&C, a doctor will do these things:
 Give the woman anesthesia
 Slowly dilate (widen) the cervix
 Put a curette (a spoon-shaped tool with a sharp edge) into the uterus through the cervix
 Use the curette to take out parts of the lining of the uterus.

A D&C can be used for many reasons.  For example:
 To take tumors out of the uterus
 To diagnose problems like cancer of the uterus
 To take out tissues from a fetus or placenta, after a miscarriage or a medical abortion, which will stop bleeding

References

Surgery
Female reproductive system
Ashkenazi Jews

Ashkenazi Jews / Ashkenazic Jews / Ashkenazim are Jews who originally lived in northern and eastern Europe. They once lived in the area of Rhineland and France and after the crusades they moved to Poland, Lithuania and Russia. In the 17th century, avoiding persecution, many Jews moved to and settled in Western Europe.

Scientists believe that Ashkenazi Jews originally came from the Land of Israel and initially went to Italy, France, and Germany. Later, during pogroms in the middle ages, mainly in Germany, they fled to Poland and Lithuania, and from there they spread over the rest of Eastern Europe. They then adopted the Yiddish language.

After that, two terms, Ashkenazi and Sephardi Jews, became commonly used: The former indicates the Jews who worshiped in the German way and spoke Yiddish, the latter indicates the Jews who worshiped in the Spanish way and spoke the Ladino language. They differ in language (pronunciation), cultural tradition and worship style.

During World War II, about 6 million Jews, 5 million of whom were Ashkenazi, were killed in the Holocaust. The Holocaust destroyed or greatly reduced the large Jewish communities and the Yiddish language in Europe. Many of the surviving Ashkenazi Jews emigrated to countries such as Israel, Canada, Argentina, Australia, and the United States after the war.

As of 2018, Ashkenazim are around 75% of the 14.6 million Jews of the world. They are also the mainstream of Israeli politics. Famous Ashkenazim are Albert Einstein, George Gershwin, Gustav Mahler, Franz Kafka.

Related pages 
 Maghrebi Jews
 Mizrahi Jews
 Sephardi Jews

References 

 

Jewish ethnic groups
Dilation and evacuation

Dilation and evacuation (or "D&E") is a medical procedure. It may be used as a method of abortion when a woman is in her second trimester (between 12–32 weeks pregnant). This procedure also may be used after a woman has a miscarriage, to make sure that the uterus is emptied out completely.  If tissue is left behind in a woman's uterus after a miscarriage, she can get an infection.

Process 
A dilation and evacuation involves two major steps. First, the cervix (the bottom part of the uterus) is dilated, or made bigger. This is often done about a day before the actual procedure. To dilate the cervix, a doctor may put special tools into the cervix. The cervix needs to be made larger so that medical tools, like forceps (surgical tongs) or a curette (a tool that is used to scrape away the lining of the uterus) can be put into the cervix.

The second step of the D&E procedure is to evacuate, or remove, everything inside of the uterus. The woman is given a local anesthetic to numb part of her body or a general anesthetic to put her to sleep. The doctor will then put a cannula (a medical tube) into the uterus, through the vagina. The cannula is attached to a bottle and a pump that create a vacuum. The cannula is used to vacuum (or suction) out everything that is in the uterus, including the fetus. 

The doctor may use forceps to take out any tissue that is still in the uterus. The doctor may also use a curette to scrape out the lining of the uterus. The vacuum can then be used again to make sure that the uterus is completely empty. This is to prevent infection from tissue left behind by accident.

If a woman is earlier on in her pregnancy, this procedure can sometimes be done without dilating the cervix first. This is called a "vacuum aspiration". It can be used for women who are in the first trimester (the first 12 weeks of pregnancy) or for women who are in the early stages of the second trimester. However, sometime during the second trimester, it becomes very difficult to do this procedure without dilating the cervix first. At this point, a full dilation and extraction is needed.

A complete D&E usually takes 10 to 20 minutes. Often, women are able to go home on the same day as the procedure, without staying overnight in a hospital.

Most abortions are done much earlier on in the pregnancy, so a full dilation and extraction is usually not needed.

Related pages
 Abortion
 Miscarriage

References

Abortion
Visual kei

Visual kei (aka visual rock) is a Japanese musical style that started in the late 1980s. Visual kei was influenced by glam rock. Visual kei artists use striking fashion and theatrical performances to highlight their music.

Early visual kei bands were strongly influenced by glam rock and heavy metal. Over time, visual kei has changed to meet the consumers' taste for music. Today, visual kei music includes goth, industrial, J-pop, and hip hop. Sometimes it is called "neo-visual kei".

Visual kei influenced the Goth lolita fashion trend. Visual kei artists often have wild dress, androgynous looks, jewelry, dyed hair, and thick make-up. Goth lolita dressers say that they are inspired by their favorite visual kei bands.

X Japan is widely seen as the first visual kei band. Other well-known bands that helped to increase visual kei's popularity include Malice Mizer, Luna Sea, and Dir en grey.

References 

VisualKei.com

Rock music
Japanese culture
Dwarf hamster

The dwarf hamsters represent a group of small hamsters in the genus Phodopus. Although they do not belong to this genus, the Chinese hamster is often referred to as a dwarf hamster as well.

Although more limited in colour than the Syrian hamster, dwarf hamsters are an alternative to pet owners who enjoy a smaller, more sociable hamster. The dwarf hamster was discovered by W.C. Campbell in the early 1900's.

Hamsters
Damien Rice

Damien Rice (born 7 December 1973) is an Irish singer-songwriter, musician and record producer. He plays guitar, piano, clarinet and percussion. Some call his music Brit-pop (British pop music) but he says his music is  alternative rock. He is known as a singer and song writer who wrote sad but beautiful songs for on popular movie and television programs. The Blower's Daughter is his representative song. It was used in the 2004 move Closer. His music is often used in ice skating. Recently, Rice was given "special thanks" in the end credits of the Academy Award winning 2007 Irish musical movie Once. The movie starred fellow Irish musician Glen Hansard.

He was born 7 December 1973 and raised in Celbridge, County Kildare Ireland. Before he started his own solo-career, he was a member of the rock band Jupiter which later became Bell X1. In this band, he released 2 singles and 1 album. However, Rice became disenchanted with the label and left the band to pursue a solo career. When he start his own career, he form a band with new members. For example, Lisa Hannigan is famous for featuring Damien Rice's songs like Cold water, 9 crimes and so on.

So far, he has released two studio albums: O in 2002, and 9 in 2006. And he also has released EPs B side in 2004. In 2002, his album was a strong commercial success and won the Shortlist Music Prize. After that, his second studio album 9 released not only in Ireland but also Europe and North America. 

Rice is also known for his charity work. He helped the Burma Campaign to free Burmese democracy movement leader Aung San Suu Kyi. Rice and Hannigan recorded a charity song, campaigning for her release, called Unplayed Piano, which they performed at the 2006 Nobel Peace Prize Concert in Oslo. In 2008 he participated in a music album called Songs for Tibet which is an initiative to support Tibet and to underline the human rights situation in Tibet.

1973 births
Living people
Irish guitarists
Irish rock musicians
Irish singer-songwriters
European pianists
Record producers
Rock guitarists
Entrena

Entrena is a municipality in the autonomous community of La Rioja, Spain. The population of the town is 1.488 (2009). Entrena is located near Logroño.

Municipalities in La Rioja (Spain)
Brahui people

The Brahui people (Brahui: بروہی) are the only Dravidian ethnic group in Pakistan. Of the 2.2 million Brahuis, most live in  Baluchistan and Afghanistan, where they are native. They are closely linked to the Balochs with whom they have intermingled, and whose cultural traits they have absorbed. Linguistically they were believed to be a remnant of the inhabitants of the IVC. The Brahui language, also called Bravi, is a Dravidian language.

DNA studies suggest that the Brahui are most closely related to the ancient Dravidian people, which are descedants of neolithic farmers from the Zagros mountains area in modern-day Iran.

References 

Dravidian peoples
Ethnic groups in Balochistan (Pakistan)
Ethnic minorities
Chittagonian peoples

The Chittagonian peoples are groups of tribes and native aborigines living in the Chittagong Hill Tracts, consisting of the Tripuris, Rakhines, the Chakmas and various others inhabiting SE Bangladesh. In their overall complexion and facial features these peoples are more closely related to Burma and other South East Asian nations of Indo-China, gives the country a strong candidate to become a future member of ASEAN.

Chittagongian people speak the Chittagongian language, which is an Indo-Aryan language of Assamese-Bengali group. It is considered a dialect of Bengali by the Bangladeshi government though they are not mutually intelligible.

They live in the Chittagong division of south-eastern Bangladesh. They are predominantly Theraveda Buddhist, but there are sizeable Hindus and due to influx of people from Bangladesh’s other parts Muslims are now consisting the largest minority of the region.

The Indian tricolour was hoisted in Rangamati for 3 days, but was put down by the Pakistani government( Then Bangladesh was under Pakistan as East Pakistan)

Ethnic groups in Bangladesh
Tripura
Chittagong Hill Tracts
International Year of Astronomy

The year 2009 was named The International Year of Astronomy by the International Astronomical Union (IAU) and UNESCO. It was a celebration of astronomy around the world with 141 countries taking part. "The Universe, Yours to Discover" was the official slogan. The idea was to promote astronomy worldwide and get young people interested in it. The year 2009 is special to astronomers, as it is the 400th anniversary since the first astronomical telescope by Galileo Galilei was used. 

Activities run during the year included observatory tours, shows, and photograph displays. People could get involved in many of these activities online with a computer.

Astronomy
Shan people

The Shan peoples (Shan: ; IPA: [tɑ́ɪ], IPA: [ʃán lùmjóʊ]; Chinese: 掸族; pinyin: Shànzú；傣族) are a Tai ethnic group of South East Asia. The Shan live mostly in Shan State, Myanmar. These people have close religious ties and similarities with Bangladesh's Chittagonian peoples.

Ethnic groups in China
Myanmar
Thailand
Marketing mix

The marketing mix is the combination of elements necessary to the planning and execution of the total marketing operation. The total marketing operation mainly consists of three 
processes : Analyzing the situation of companies, STP, and Marketing mix. Marketing 
managers first analyzes the situation of the company and then conduct STP : Segmentation, 
Targeting, Positioning. In STP, they segment the market, choose the target market in which 
the company can have competitive advantages and determine what is to be their products' 
position in the market, and then they design the marketing mix. In the process, marketing 
managers should design an internally consistent and mutually supportive marketing mix.

It was specifically divided into the 4Ps : Product, Placement, Price and 
Promotion by E.Jerome McCarthy in 1960, and from then it has been dealt with various 
variables. These variables include not only goods and services but usage, 
value, image and so on.

Relative importance among 4Ps
In devising the marketing strategy : the total marketing operation,  it is usually said that getting a competitive advantage should be considered importantly than any other factors. Thus, product and price is firstly determined because in the case they could be seen more related to the competitive advantage. In that case, decision-making about place and promotion is considered relatively later after determining the strategic position of the products by comparing rival products and then giving relative quality of products, price of products to the market. However, it is usual way of using marketing mix, and the relative importance of each mix can be different in many cases in terms of the situation of the market, the characteristic of the product, the characteristic of the company and so on. Thus, place or promotion can be the highest priority in any cases. In conclusion, marketing managers must pursue the most appropriate marketing mix with a bid to achieving competitive advantage using minimum effort.

References
 Kotler, Philip (2003) "Marketing Management", Prentice Hall, .
 Chae Seo Il (2007) "Marketing", B&M Books, 
 Silbiger, Steven (2005) "The Ten-day MBA", HarperCollins, 

Marketing
Infiltration tactics

Willy Rohr developed successful in 1915 the Shock-Troops-Taktiks in the Western Front. They had been used in the Battle of Verdun. His Bataillon became independent and was first named as Sturmbataillon Rohr and became about one year later renamed by the Prussian Minister of War to Sturm-Bataillon Nr. 5 (Rohr).

Oskar von Hutier was another one of Germany's most successful and innovative generals of World War I. He did the same for the Eastern Front

After rising to army command early in 1917, Hutier began to apply the lessons learned from his three years of commanding troops, along with his study of tactics used by other armies. He devised a new strategy for the Germans to break the stalemate of trench warfare. These tactics were to prove so successful in 1917 and 1918 that the French dubbed them "Hutier tactics", although the more commonly used term today is "infiltration tactics".

Operation Michael
In the Spring Offensive of 1918 the first of five parts was called Michael.  At the beginning on 21 March 1918, they took three armies, for a total of 42 divisions. The aim was to break through the salient at the junction point between the French forces (south) and the English (north), with operations between Bapaume and Saint Simon, intending to then create a wedge between the two contingents, pushing the British Expeditionary Force out towards the sea. On the first day the defensive lines were already smashed against both Allies, and the Germans completely succeeded in advancing 65 kilometers long into a salient of approximately 80 km. In their sweeping advance the German troops met greater resistance against the English than the French. But although the Germans were successful at first, after a few days the German offensive was suddenly exhausted, and beginning March 27, when the French began to engage their strategic reserve near Amiens, the Germans had no more substantial territorial gain. So the Germans failed to achieve a strategically important victory, and indeed, it had lengthened the battle line and created a salient exposed to Allied counter-offensives.

World War I
Clarity Act

The Clarity Act (known as Bill C-20 before it became law) was a law passed by Canadian Government in 1999.

Other websites 
 Text of the Clarity Act
 Full text of the Reference re Secession of Quebec
 1995 Act Respecting the Future of Quebec
 Open letter in support of the democratic right to self-determination for Quebec 
Debates - Issue 44 - April 6, 2000 (Senate's Second Reading debate about the passage of specific powers to the House of Commons; notable because the Senate is a co-equal body)
 CBC report on introduction of Clarity Bill

Canada
1999 in Canada
1990s in law
Nell

Nell is a South Korean rock band. They formed in 1999. It consists of Kim Jong-wan, who sings and plays guitar and keyboard; Lee-Jae-kyung on guitar; Lee Jung-hun on bass; and Jung Jae-won on drums. The band's name comes from a 1994 movie of the same name. Nell is one of the few rock bands who gained mainstream popularity in South Korea. They also have been nominated for several musical awards.

History 
Nell was formed in 1999. They began playing at live clubs around Hongik University, and were spotted by Seo tai ji, who signed them to his private record company. In July 2006, Nell left Seo Tai Ji Company and joined Woolim Entertainment.

Nell is one of the few rock bands that have achieved mainstream success in the country. Their 2007 'Welcome Home' tour sold out in two minutes. Nell has also participated in the annual ETPFEST in 2002, and the Myspace Secret Show November 28th, 2008.

The band stopped performing after their nomination at the Golden Disk Awards on December 11th, 2008, because of the members' departure for the compulsory South Korean military service. The band got back together with "Slip Away" when their term was over.

Discography

Studio albums

Indie 
 Reflection of - (Jan 2001)
 Speechless - (Sept 2001)

Major 
 Let It Rain - (2003)
 Walk Through Me - (2004)
 Healing Process - (2006)
 Separation Anxiety - (2008)
 Slip Away - (2012)

EP 
 Let's Take a Walk - (2007)

Omnibus 
 The Trace - (2008)

References 

 biography on Naver.com
 biography on Woolliment.com

Other websites 
 Official Website(Korean) 
 Official Fansite(Korean)
 Official Myspace

South Korean musical groups
Rock bands
1999 establishments in Asia
1990s establishments in South Korea
Mongolian hamster

The Mongolian hamster (Allocricetulus curtatus) is a species of rodent in the Cricetidae family. It is found in China and Mongolia.

Hamsters
Tibetan dwarf hamster

The Tibetan dwarf hamster (Cricetulus alticola) is a species of rodent in the Cricetidae family. It is found in China, India, and Nepal.

Hamsters
The Hallé

The Hallé is an orchestra based in Manchester, England. It is the UK's oldest symphony orchestra and the fourth oldest in the world.  Since 1996 its home is in the Bridgewater Hall, Manchester.

History
.

The orchestra gave its first concert on 30 January 1858.  It had been started by Hallé  the year before to play at an exhibition.  The orchestra gave its concerts in the Free Trade Hall.

One of the most famous conductors the orchestra had was Hans Richter who was music director from 1899 to 1911.  During this time the orchestra gave the first performance of  Symphony No. 1 by Sir Edward Elgar.

The orchestra suffered during the economic crisis of the 1930s and when World War II started.  At that time it was sharing many of its players with the BBC.  There were only 30 players left.  A new conductor was appointed in 1943: John Barbirolli.  He was the musical director for 27 years.  During this time the orchestra rose to international fame.  

Kent Nagano was principal conductor of the orchestra from 1992 to 1999.  The orchestra moved from the Free Trade Hall to the Bridgewater Hall in 1996.  Nagano was criticized for putting on concerts that cost a lot of money, and charging high fees for himself.  The orchestra started to be in financial problems and nearly went bankrupt.  Then changes were made and the orchestra were more secure financially.

The Hallé today

In September 2000, Mark Elder took over as musical director.  He has made the orchestra into an excellent orchestra again.

In 2006 a new job of guest conductor was given to Cristian Mandeal.  From 2009 the guest conductor will be Markus Stenz.  The leader of the orchestra is Lyn Fletcher.

The Hallé also has a choir which was started in 1858 by Sir Charles Hallé.  They give about twenty concerts a year.  Their conductor is James Burton who also conducts the Hallé Youth Choir.   There is a Hallé Youth Orchestra which is conducted by Ewa Strusinska.  There is now also a Hallé Children’s Choir, conducted by Shirley Court.  The Hallé  also have their own CD label since 2008.

Principal conductors

1858–1895 Sir Charles Hallé
1895–1899 Sir Frederic Cowen
1899–1911 Hans Richter
1912–1914 Michael Balling
1915–1920 Sir Thomas Beecham (musical adviser)
1920–1934 Sir Hamilton Harty

1939–1942 Sir Malcolm Sargent (conductor-in-chief)
1943–1970 Sir John Barbirolli
1972–1983 James Loughran
1983–1992 Stanisław Skrowaczewski
1992–1999 Kent Nagano
2000–present Sir Mark Elder

Other websites
  The Hallé official website

British orchestras
Manchester
1858 establishments in the United Kingdom
1850s establishments in England
Turkish hamster

The Turkish hamster (Mesocricetus brandti) is a species of hamster closely related to the Syrian hamster. It is used as a laboratory animal in scientific research, but is not widely available on the pet market.

References 

Hamsters
Romanian hamster

The Romanian hamster (Mesocricetus newtoni) is a species of rodent in the Cricetidae family. It is found in Bulgaria and Romania.

Hamsters
Kam dwarf hamster

The Kam dwarf hamster (Cricetulus kamensis) is a species of rodent in the Cricetidae family. It is found only in China.

Hamsters
Samaritans

The Samaritans are a group of people who live in the Levant. Samaritans believe in the same one God of Judaism, but use only the Torah as text.

There are more than 800 Samaritans. Most of them live in Holon and Nablus.

Related pages 
 The Samaritan Museum

References 
Archived. https://web.archive.org/web/20080512075303/http://www.jtsa.edu/prebuilt/exhib/scrips/index.shtml

https://archive.is/ApcAY

Abrahamic religions
Ethnic groups in Israel
Ethnic groups in the Middle East
Palestine
Religion in Israel
Indian religions

Indian religions or Indic religions or Dharmic religions are religions those originated from the Indian subcontinent. Dharma is an idea common to these religions.

List of Indic religions 
Ayyavazhi
Buddhism
Hinduism
Jainism
Sanamahism
Sikhism
Lembit Oll

Lembit Oll (23 April 1966 – Tallinn, 17 May 1999) was an Estonian chess grandmaster. He was already successful as a junior, becoming champion of Estonia in 1982 and junior champion of the Soviet Union in 1984. He also won multiple European and World junior championships. The FIDE awarded him the IM-title in 1983 and the GM-title in 1992. From that moment, he regularly played for Estonia during Chess Olympiads and European teamchampionships. Early 1998 he reached his highest rating on the FIDE rating list: 2655.
He played his last tournament in 1999 in Nova Gorica reaching a shared 2nd position.

Oll, who was married, fell into severe depressions after he divorced. He jumped out of the window of his house on the fifth floor and did not survive. Despite his personal problems, he still held the 42nd place on the world ranking list at that time. He was buried in Tallinn. His grave is not far from that of Paul Keres, another famous chess player.

List of victories
1989: Espoo, Tallinn (zonal tournament), Helsinki.
1990: Terrassa.
1991: Sydney, Helsinki.
1992: Sevilla.
1993: Vilnius, The Hague, Antwerp.
1994: New York Open (shared 1st with Jaan Ehlvest).
1995: Helsinki, Riga (zonal tournament).
1996: Saint Petersburg.
1997: Køge, Szeged (shared 1st), Hoogeveen (shared 1st).

1966 births
1999 deaths
Chess grandmasters
Estonian sportspeople
Suicides by jumping
Matryoshka

Matryoshka (Russian: матрёшка) is a traditional Russian doll made of wood and painted with colorful ornaments. This doll is one of the most popular souvenirs in Russia. It is also widely distributed abroad under different names such as “Aunt Olga,” “Babushka” or “Mommy doll.”  Although Matryoshka is called a doll it is actually a set of dolls of different sizes placed one in another. The reason for that lies behind the name “Matryoshkг.” The name "Matryoshka" came from the traditional Russian name "Matryona". This name was associated with motherhood and fertility. The biggest doll symbolizes “mother” with her numerous “doll” family.

References 

Dolls
Russian culture