cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Naga people

The term Naga people (Burmese: နာဂ, Hindi: नागा) refers to a conglomeration of several tribes inhabiting the North Eastern part of India and north-western Burma. The tribes have similar cultures and traditions, and form the majority ethnic group in the Indian states of Nagaland, Assam and the disputed territory of Southern Tibet.

Nationalism

Naga nationalism is an ideology that supports self-determination by the Naga people, and the furtherance of Naga culture.

References

Separatist movements of India
Garo people

The Garos are a tribal people in Meghalaya, Republic of India and neighboring areas of Bangladesh, who call themselves A·chik Mande (literally "hill people," from a·chik "hill" + mande "people") or simply A·chik or Mande. They are the second-largest tribe in Meghalaya after the Khasi and comprise about a third of the local population. The Garos are one of the few remaining matrilineal societies in the world.

References

Ethnic groups in Bangladesh

Meghalaya
Khasi people

The Khasi are an indigenous or tribal people, the majority of whom live in the State of Meghalaya in North-east India, with small populations in neighbouring Assam, and in parts of Bangladesh. They call themselves Ki Hynñiew trep, which means "the seven huts" in the Khasi language. Their language Khasi is the northernmost Austro-Asiatic language.

Ethnic groups in Bangladesh
Erin Burnett

Erin Isabelle Burnett (born July 2, 1976) is an American news anchor and journalist. She has also done reporting at NBC. Since 2011, Burnett has been the host of Erin Burnett OutFront on CNN.

References 

Writers from Maryland
American television news anchors
American journalists
1976 births
Living people
List of American Civil War Medal of Honor recipients: G–L

This is a complete alphabetical list (G to L) of Medal of Honor recipients during the American Civil War. Many of the medals presented during the Civil War were for capturing or saving regimental flags. At that time regimental flags served as the rallying point for the unit. They guided the unit's movements and loss of the flag could greatly disrupt a unit. Getting the flag could have a greater effect than the death of the commanding officer.

Medal of Honor

The Medal of Honor is the highest military decoration presented by the United States government. It is bestowed on a member of the United States armed forces who distinguishes himself "…conspicuously by gallantry and intrepidity at the risk of his life above and beyond the call of duty while engaged in an action against an enemy of the United States…". Due to the nature of this medal it is commonly presented after the individual dies (posthumously).

Recipients

Notes

References

Civil War G-L
G-L
Medal of Honor recipients
List of American Civil War Medal of Honor recipients: M–P

This is a complete alphabetical list (M to P) of Medal of Honor recipients during the Civil War. Many of the medals presented during the Civil War were for capturing or saving regimental flags. During this time regimental flags served as the rallying point for the unit. They also guided the unit's movements. Loss of the flag could greatly disrupt a unit. It could have a greater effect than the death of the commanding officer.

Medal of Honor

The Medal of Honor is the highest military decoration awarded by the United States government. It is bestowed on a member of the United States armed forces who distinguishes himself "…conspicuously by gallantry and intrepidity at the risk of his life above and beyond the call of duty while engaged in an action against an enemy of the United States…". Due to the nature of this medal it is commonly presented after the recipient has been killed. This is sometimes referred to as posthumously.

Recipients

References

Civil War M-P
M-P
Medal of Honor recipients
Lev Vygotsky

Lev Vygotsky  ( – 11 June 1934) was a Russian psychologist. He worked on child development, play and language. He also developed a holistic theory of human cultural and biosocial development.

Vygotsky's early death to tuberculosis left many manuscripts. Sorting them out has taken many years.

Thought and Language
Perhaps Vygotsky's most important work was the inter-relationship of language development and thought. This establishes the connection between speech and the development of mental concepts and cognitive awareness. Vygotsky described inner speech as being qualitatively different from normal (external) speech. Although Vygotsky believed inner speech developed from external speech by a gradual process, with younger children only really able to "think out loud".

"Vygotsky's view is that language has two functions: external communication with one's fellow human beings and, equally important, the internal manipulation of one's inner thoughts".

Language starts as a tool external to the child used for social interaction. The child guides its behavior by using a kind of self-talk or "thinking out loud". Initially, self-talk is very much a tool of social interaction and this tapers to negligible levels when the child is alone. Gradually, self-talk is used more as a tool for self-directed and self-regulating behavior. Because it gets internalized, self-talk is no longer present when the child starts school. Self-talk "develops along a rising not a declining, curve; it goes through an evolution, not an involution. In the end, it becomes inner speech".p57

Speaking
Speaking has thus developed along two lines, the line of social communication and the line of inner speech, by which the child mediates and regulates their activity through their thoughts. This is not to say that thinking cannot take place without language, but rather it is mediated by language, and so develops to a much higher level of sophistication. Just as the birthday cake as a sign provides much deeper meaning than its physical properties allow, inner speech as a sign provides much deeper meaning than the lower psychological functions would otherwise allow.

Inner speach
Inner speech is not comparable in form to external speech. External speech is the process of turning thought into words. Inner speech is the opposite; it is the conversion of speech into inward thought. Inner speech, for example, contains predicates only. Subjects are superfluous. Words are also used much more economically. One word in inner speech would take many words to express it in external speech.

Works 
Vygotsky L. 1962. Thought and language. MIT Press. ISBN  0-262-72001-9. Revised and expanded edition 2012. ISBN  978-0-262-51771-3
Vygotsky L. 1962. Psychology of art. MIT Press. 
Vygotsky L. 1978. Mind in society: the development of higher psychological processes. Cambridge & London: Harvard University Press. ISBN  0-674-57629-2

Related pages
 List of scientists

References 

Russian psychologists
1896 births
1934 deaths
List of Australian Leaders of the Opposition

In Australian Federal Politics the Leader of the Opposition is a Member of Parliament in the House of Representatives. The Leader of the Opposition is usually the leader of the party which has the most seats but is not part of the Government. In Parliament the Leader of the Opposition sits on the left-hand side of the table in the centre, in front of the Opposition and opposite the Prime Minister. The Opposition Leader is elected by the Opposition Party. A new Opposition Leader may be elected if the person in the position dies, resigns or is challenged for the leadership.

The Commonwealth of Australia is a constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system. It is based on the British Westminster model. The term Opposition has a specific meaning in the parliamentary system. Its formal title is Her Majesty's Loyal Opposition. This is an important part of the Westminster system. The Opposition directs its criticism at the Government and attempts to defeat and replace the Government. The Opposition is therefore the 'Government in waiting' and it is a formal part of the parliamentary system, just as is the Government. It is in opposition to the Government, but not to the Crown, hence the term 'Loyal Opposition'.

The current Leader of the Opposition is Anthony Albanese, replacing Bill Shorten who resigned after losing in the 2016 and 2019 elections.

Leaders of the Opposition

Related pages
 Leader of the Opposition
 Prime Minister of Australia

Notes

Shows an Opposition Leader who had previously been Prime Minister.

Shows an Opposition Leader who later became Prime Minister.

Gough Whitlam refused to use the title Leader of the Opposition between the dismissal of his government in November 1975 and the first meeting of the new parliament in February 1976. During the election campaign in December 1975 he styled himself as the Leader of the Majority in the House of Representatives.

References

Lists of politicians
Australia-related lists
List of American Civil War Medal of Honor recipients: Q–S

The Medal of Honor is the highest military decoration presented by the United States government. It is bestowed on members of the United States armed forces. To receive it they must distinguish themselves "…conspicuously by gallantry and intrepidity at the risk of his life above and beyond the call of duty while engaged in an action against an enemy of the United States…". Due to the nature of this medal, it is commonly presented after the person was killed (posthumously).

Many of the medals presented during the American Civil War were for capturing or saving regimental flags. During the Civil War these flags served as the rallying point for the unit. They also guided the unit's movements. Loss of the flag could greatly disrupt a unit. It could have a greater effect than the death of the commanding officer.

Recipients

References

Civil War Q-S
Military personnel of the American Civil War
Medal of Honor recipients
List of American Civil War Medal of Honor recipients: T–Z

This is a complete alphabetical list (T to Z) of Medal of Honor recipients during the American Civil War. Many of the medals presented during the Civil War were for capturing or saving regimental flags. At this time regimental flags served as the rallying point for the unit. It guided the unit's movements and loss of the flag could greatly disrupt a unit. It could have a greater effect than the death of the commanding officer.

Medal of Honor

The Medal of Honor is the highest military decoration presented by the United States government. It is presented to members of the United States armed forces who distinguish thesmelves "…conspicuously by gallantry and intrepidity at the risk of his life above and beyond the call of duty while that could engaged in an action against an enemy of the United States…". Due to the nature of this medal, it is commonly presented after the recipient has been killed (posthumously).

Recipients

References

 Porter, David D. The Naval History of the Civil War Castle, Secaucus, NJ, 1984, .

Civil War T-Z
Military personnel of the American Civil War
Medal of Honor recipients
List of Medal of Honor recipients for the Second Battle of Fort Fisher

The Second Battle of Fort Fisher was a joint assault by Union Army and naval forces. It was against the Confederate Fort Fisher. The fort was located outside Wilmington, North Carolina. The battle was near the end of the American Civil War. The battle was sometimes referred to as the "Gibraltar of the South". The fort was the last major coastal stronghold of the Confederacy. Fort Fisher had tremendous strategic value during the war.

Medal of Honor
The Medal of Honor was created during the American Civil War. It is the highest military decoration presented by the United States government to a member of its armed forces. The recipient must have distinguished themselves at the risk of their own life above and beyond the call of duty in action against an enemy of the United States. Due to the nature of this medal, it is commonly presented after the recipient has been killed (posthumously).

Recipients

Notes

References
 
 
 

Second Battle of Fort Fisher
Lists of the American Civil War
List of Medal of Honor recipients for the Battle of Opequon

The Battle of Opequon was more commonly known as the Third Battle of Winchester. It was fought in Winchester, Virginia on September 19, 1864. It happened during the Valley Campaigns of 1864 in the American Civil War. Fourteen Union Army enlisted men and one officer were presented the Medal of Honor for gallantry during the battle.

Medal of Honor
The Medal of Honor was created during the American Civil War and is the highest military decoration presented by the United States government to a member of its armed forces. The recipient must have distinguished themselves at the risk of their own life above and beyond the call of duty in action against an enemy of the United States. Due to the nature of this medal, it is commonly presented posthumously.

Recipients

Notes

References
 
 
 

Lists of Medal of Honor recipients
Lists of the American Civil War
List of Medal of Honor recipients for the Battle of Cedar Creek

The Battle of Cedar Creek was fought near Middletown, Virginia on October 19, 1864. The battle was the decisive engagement of Major General Philip Sheridan’s Valley Campaigns of 1864. It was the largest battle fought in the Shenandoah Valley. Twelve Union Army enlisted men and nine officers were presented the Medal of Honor for their actions during the battle.

Medal of Honor
The Medal of Honor was created during the American Civil War. It is the highest military decoration presented by the United States government to a member of its armed forces. The recipient must have distinguished themselves at the risk of their own life above and beyond the call of duty in action against an enemy of the United States. Due to the nature of this medal it is commonly presented after the recipient has been killed (posthumously).

Recipients

Notes

References
 
 
 

Lists of Medal of Honor recipients
Lists of the American Civil War
Karl Duncker

Karl Duncker (Leipzig, 2 February 1903  23 February 1940) was a German psychologist.
 
Until 1935 he was a student and assistant of the founders of Gestalt psychology in Berlin: Max Wertheimer,  Wolfgang Köhler and  Kurt Koffka.
In 1935, exiled by the Nazis, he got an assistantship at Cambridge University with Frederic Bartlett. Later he emigrated to the USA where he was again an assistant of Köhler’s at Swarthmore College. He committed suicide in 1940 at 37 years of age. He had been suffering from depression for some time and had received professional treatment.

Achievements 

Duncker coined the term functional fixedness in visual perception and problem solving. This describes the difficulties arising from a part of a problem which normally has a fixed function. In the problem, the fixed function must be changed to reach the perception or solution.

In his "candle problem" the situation was defined by the objects: a box of candles, a box of thumb-tacks and a book of matches. The task was to fix the candles on the wall without any additional elements. The difficulty of this problem arises from the functional fixedness of the candle box. It is a container in the problem but must be used as a shelf in the solution.

Other examples of this type of problem are:

 an electromagnet must be used as part of a pendulum
 a branch of a tree must be used as a tool
 a brick must be used a paper weight
 another meaning of a word must be found that is different from the meaning within the context of the sentence

References 

Duncker, Karl 1945. On problem solving. APA Psychological Monographs 58 

1903 births
1940 deaths
German psychologists
People who committed suicide
Dianthus armeria

Dianthus armeria is an annual or biennial flowering plant commonly known as Deptford pink or grass pink. It is in the family Caryophyllaceae.

It has small pink flowers that bloom from spring to summer followed by an explosive, inedible fruit. The blooms close up in the afternoon. The seeds are small and blackish or brownish. 

It is a native plant in Europe, and widely grown as an ornamental plant in gardens. It has been introduced to New Zealand and much of North America.

Caryophyllaceae
Gorkha National Liberation Front

Gorkha National Liberation Front (GNLF) (Nepali: गोर्खा राष्ट्रिय मुक्ति मोर्चा) is a political party in the Darjeeling District of West Bengal, Republic of India. It was formed in 1980 by Subhash Ghisingh with the objective of demanding a Gorkhaland state within India.

References

Politics of India
1980 establishments in Asia
1980s establishments in India
Ted Demme

Edward Kern Demme (known as Ted Demme; October 26, 1963 - January 13, 2002) was an American movie director and producer. His career began in 1988. His movies included The Ref (1994), Beautiful Girls (1996), Life and Blow.  He died in Santa Monica, California due to a heart attack brought on by cocaine; the director was 38 when it happened.

He was married to Amanda Demme from 1994 until his death. The couple had two sons. He was the nephew of Jonathan Demme.

1963 births
2002 deaths
Accidental deaths in California
American television directors
American television producers
Drug-related accidental deaths in the United States
Movie directors from New York City
Movie producers from New York City
Tie-dye

Tie-dye is a colorful pattern used on clothing. It is made by tying a piece of clothing into a tight bundle, and then dyeing it with various colors. This became very popular in the 1960s and '70s. It was often made to represent signs like 'peace' and 'flower power'.

Tie dye is an expression of emotion and is a very colourful and expressive type of art.now has been impacted social media recently.

Love Peace Music Woodstock 1969 @ Bethel NY / Yasgur’s Farm / Max Yasgur / Woodstock 1969-2019 50th Anniversary / Bethel Woods Center for the Arts, Bethel New York 

Cloth
Textile arts
Dhol

The dhol is a drum used during Punjabi wedding processions and parties.
In Western Punjab, the beats of dhol have been an element in the ceremonies of the great Sufi mystics and their followers. The patterns of dhol have been developed to catalyze the mind of the devotee as is seeking spiritual trance. Someone who plays the Dhol is known as Dholi (). 
Traditionally the Punjabi dhol has been the domain of men.

Pakistani culture
Drums
List of Medal of Honor recipients for World War II

World War II was a global military conflict. It is also called Second World War. It was the joining of what started off as two separate conflicts. The first began in Asia as the Second Sino-Japanese War. The other began in Europe in 1939 with the German invasion of Poland.

This global conflict split the majority of the world's nations into two opposing military alliances. On one side was the Allies. On the other was the Axis powers. It involved the mobilization of over 100 million military personnel. This made it the most widespread war in history. It placed the participants in a state of "total war". The distinction between civil and military resources were eliminated. This resulted in the complete activation of a nation's economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities for the purposes of the war effort. Over 60 million people, the majority of them civilians, were killed, making it the deadliest conflict in human history. The financial cost of the war is estimated at about a trillion 1944 U.S. dollars worldwide, making it the most costly war in capital as well as lives.

The Allies won. The result was the United States and Soviet Union emerged as the world's two leading superpowers.

During this conflict 464 United States military personnel received the Medal of Honor, 266 of them posthumously. Seventeen of these were Japanese-Americans fighting in both Europe and the Pacific. Additionally, the only recipient for the United States Coast Guard received the Medal for his actions during this war.

The Medal of Honor was created during the American Civil War. It is the highest military decoration presented by the United States government to a member of its armed forces. The recipient must have distinguished themselves at the risk of their own life above and beyond the call of duty in action against an enemy of the United States. Due to the nature of this medal, it is commonly presented posthumously.

A

 N.B. A  in the citation indicates that the award was given posthumously.

Notes

References
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

World War II
Hairspray (1988 movie)

Hairspray is a 1988 American musical teen comedy movie. It was produced by John Waters, Robert Shaye and Rachel Talalay and was directed by Waters. In 2002 a Broadway musical of the same name was made. In 2007, the Broadway musical was turned into a movie. Set in 1962 in Baltimore, Maryland, it is about teenager Tracy Turnblad who pursues stardom as a dancer on a local television show and rallies against racial segregation.

Cast
 Ricki Lake as Tracy Turnblad
 Divine as Edna Turnblad / Arvin Hodgepile
 Debbie Harry as Velma Von Tussle
 Sonny Bono as Franklin Von Tussle
 Jerry Stiller as Wilbur Turnblad
 Leslie Ann Powers as Penny Pingleton
 Colleen Fitzpatrick as Amber Von Tussle
 Michael St. Gerard as Link Larkin
 Clayton Prince as Seaweed J. Stubbs
 Ruth Brown as Motormouth Maybelle
 Shawn Thompson as Corny Collins
 Mink Stole as Tammy
 Joann Havrilla as Prudence Pingleton
 Alan J. Wendl as Mr. Pinky

References

Other websites
 
 
 
 
 

1988 comedy movies
1980s musical movies
1980s teen comedy movies
American musical movies
American teen comedy movies
English-language movies
Movies set in Baltimore
Movies set in the 1960s
American independent movies
Warner Bros. movies
Movies directed by John Waters
Linderte

Linderte is a small village in the city of Ronnenberg in Lower Saxony, in Germany. It has about 500 inhabitants, as of 2008.

References

Villages in Lower Saxony
Ronnenberg

Ronnenberg is a town in the region Hanover in Lower Saxony, Germany. It has about 23,300 inhabitants.
The town Ronnenberg is divided into the districts Benthe, Empelde, Ronnenberg, Ihme-Roloven, Weetzen, Vörie and Linderte.

Towns in Lower Saxony
Alicia Witt

Alicia Roanne Witt (born August 21 1975) is an American singer, model and actor. She was in the movie Citizen Ruth (1996). She was born in Worcester, Massachusetts. She acted on television shows Ally McBeal and The Sopranos.

References 

Actors from Massachusetts
American television actors
1975 births
Living people
People from Worcester, Massachusetts
List of Medal of Honor recipients for the Battle of Iwo Jima

The Battle of Iwo Jima took place in February and March 1945 during World War II. Some of the fiercest fighting of the war happened during this battle. The American invasion was called Operation Detachment. It was charged with capturing the airfields on the Japanese island of Iwo Jima.

The Imperial Japanese Army positions on the island were heavily fortified. There were vast bunkers with hidden artillery. It had 18 kilometers (11 mi) of tunnels. The battle was the first American attack on the Japanese Home Islands. The Imperial soldiers defended their positions tenaciously. Of the 21,000 Japanese soldiers present at the beginning of the battle, over 20,000 were killed. Only 216 were taken prisoner.

The battle lasted 2 months. After the battle 27 U.S. military personnel received the Medal of Honor for their actions. Of the 27 medals presented, 22 were presented to Marines. Five were presented to United States Navy sailors. A full 30% of the 82 Medals of Honor presented to Marines in World War II were from this battle.

The Medal of Honor was created during the American Civil War. It is the highest military decoration presented by the United States government to a member of its armed forces. The recipient must have distinguished themselves at the risk of their own life above and beyond the call of duty in action against an enemy of the United States. Due to the nature of this medal, it is commonly presented after the recipient is killed (posthumously).

Recipients

References
General
 
 
 
 
 
 

Inline

Iwo Jima
List of Medal of Honor recipients for the Indian Wars

Indian Wars is the name generally used in the United States to describe a series of conflicts between the colonial or federal government and the native people of North America.

These wars which ranged from the 17th-century (King Philip's War, King William's War, and Queen Anne's War at the opening of the 18th century) to the Leech Lake uprising in 1898. They generally resulted in the opening of Native American lands to further colonization. They also represent the conquest of American Indians and their assimilation or forced relocation to Indian reservations.

The Indian Wars comprised a series of smaller wars. American Indians who were diverse peoples with their own distinct tribal histories, were no more a single people than the Europeans. They lived in societies organized in a variety of ways. American Indians usually made decisions about war and peace at the local level. They sometimes fought as part of formal alliances. One example is the Iroquois Confederation. They also sometimes used temporary confederacies inspired by leaders such as Tecumseh.

Medal of Honor

The Medal of Honor was created during the American Civil War. It is the highest military decoration presented by the United States government to a member of its armed forces. The recipient must have distinguished themselves at the risk of their own life above and beyond the call of duty in action against an enemy of the United States. Due to the nature of this medal it is commonly presented after the recipient has been killed (posthumously).

A

Notes

References

 

 

Indian Wars
List of Medal of Honor recipients for the Spanish–American War

The Spanish-American War (, desastre del 98, Guerra Hispano-Cubana-Norteamericana or Guerra de Cuba ) was a military conflict between Spain and the United States. It began in April 1898.  Hostilities halted in August of that year. The Treaty of Paris was signed in December.

The war began after America demanded Spain peacefully end the Cuban fight for independence. The demand was rejected. Strong expansionist sentiment in the United States may have motivated the government to target Spain's remaining overseas territories. These territories included Cuba, Puerto Rico, the Philippines, Guam and the Caroline Islands.

Riots in Havana by pro-Spanish "Voluntarios" gave the United States a reason to send in the warship . It was sent to indicate high American interest. Tension among the American people was raised because of the explosion of the . "Yellow journalism" added to it accusing Spain of doing a lot of bad things. This made the American public opinion show increased support of the conflict. The war ended after decisive naval victories for the United States in the Philippines and Cuba.

The Treaty of Paris ended the conflict 109 days after the outbreak of war. That gave the United States ownership of the former Spanish colonies of Puerto Rico, the Philippines and Guam.

The Medal of Honor was created during the American Civil War. It is the highest military decoration presented by the United States government to a member of its armed forces. The recipient must have distinguished themselves at the risk of their own life above and beyond the call of duty in action against an enemy of the United States. Due to the nature of this medal it is commonly presented to the recipient after they are killed (posthumously).

Recipients

Notes

References

Spanish-American War
List of Philippine–American War Medal of Honor recipients

The Philippine-American War was an armed military conflict between the United States and the First Philippine Republic. It was fought from 1899 to at least 1902. The conflict arose from a Filipino political struggle against U.S. occupation of the Philippines. While the conflict was officially declared over on July 4, 1902, American troops continued hostilities against remnants of the Philippine Army and other resistance groups until 1913. Some historians consider these unofficial extensions part of the war.

The Medal of Honor was created during the American Civil War. It is the highest military decoration presented by the United States government to a member of its armed forces. The recipient must have distinguished themselves at the risk of their own life above and beyond the call of duty in action against an enemy of the United States. Due to the nature of this medal it is commonly presented after the recipient has been killed (posthumously).

Eighty-six men received the Medal of Honor for their actions in the Philippine–American War. 70 from the Army. 10 from the Navy. 6 from the Marine Corps. Four of the medals were posthumous. Among the recipients were Webb Hayes who was the son of former U.S. President Rutherford B. Hayes. Two well known Marine Corps officers, Hiram I. Bearss and David Dixon Porter. Bearss became known for leading long-range reconnaissance patrols behind enemy lines. He was later wounded as a colonel in World War I. Porter was from a distinguished military family and rose to become a major general. José B. Nísperos was a member of the Philippine Scouts. He was honored for continuing to fight after being wounded and was the first Asian recipient of the Medal of Honor.

Recipients

Note: Notes in quotations are derived or are copied in their entirety from the actual Medal of Honor citation

References

General
 
 
 
 

Inline

Philippine
List of national parks in Albania

The List of national parks in Albania includes the following:

National 
 Butrint
 Dajti Mountain
 Divjaka-Karavasta
 Lura
 Llogara
 Prespa
 Thethi
 Tomorri Mountain
 Valbona Valley
 Fir of Hotova-Dangëlli
 Fir of Drenova
 Shtam Pass
 Zall-Gjoçaj
 Shebenik-Jabllanica
 Korab-Koritnik

Archaeological 
 Amantia
 Antigonea
 Apollonia
 Byllis
 Hadrianopolis
 Lissus
 Oricum
 Phoenice
 Shkodra

Marine 
 Karaburun-Sazan is sea water forming a 1 nautical mile radius from the shores of the Karaburun Peninsula, and Sazan Island. 

Albania

parks
List of national parks of Argentina

The national parks of Argentina, South America.

North-East
 Chaco National Park
 El Impenetrable National Park
 Iguazú National Park - home of the Iguazu Falls, a UNESCO World Heritage Site
 Mburucuyá National Park
 Río Pilcomayo National Park

North-West
 Baritú National Park
 Calilegua National Park
 Campo de los Alisos National Park
 Copo National Park
 El Rey National Park
 Los Cardones National Park

Central
 Campos del Tuyu National Park
 El Palmar National Park
 Islas de Santa Fé National Park
 Predelta National Park
 Quebrada del Condorito National Park

Cuyo
 El Leoncito National Park
 Los Venados National Park (projected, in San Luis)
 San Guillermo National Park
 Sierra de las Quijadas National Park
 Talampaya National Park - a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 2000

Patagonia

 Lago Puelo National Park
 Laguna Blanca National Park
 Lanín National Park
 Lihué Calel National Park
 Los Alerces National Park
 Los Arrayanes National Park
 Los Glaciares National Park - also a UNESCO heritage site
 Nahuel Huapi National Park
 Francisco P. Moreno National Park
 Monte León National Park
 Tierra del Fuego National Park

Other websites 

Argentina
Argentina
Argentina
South America-related lists
National parks of Austria

There are seven national parks in Austria.

Austria's national parks are:
 Donau-Auen National Park
 Gesäuse National Park
 Hohe Tauern National Park
 Kalkalpen National Park
 Neusiedler See – Seewinkel National Park
 Nockberge National Park
 Thayatal National Park 

Austria
Austria
National parks of Azerbaijan

This is a list of national parks in the Republic of Azerbaijan.

Other websites
 National Parks - Ministry of Ecology and Natural Recources of Azerbaijan  

Azerbaijan
National parks
Azerbaijan
Azerbaijan
Azerbaijan-related lists
Mid-range speaker

A mid-range speaker is a type of loudspeaker. These are designed to reproduce sounds which are not very low, but mid-range speaker can also play hi frequency sounds, example frequency going up to 20kHz. Depending on the speakers structure there can be a tweeter that plays hi-frequencies. Typically it is then a 3-way speaker. If there is only a woofer and mid-range speaker, it would be 2-way speaker.

Audio technology
Marlo Thomas

Margaret Julia "Marlo" Thomas (born November 21, 1937, Detroit, Michigan) is an American television and movie actress. She is best known for her role in the television series That Girl (1966-1971). She also represents the Marlo Thomas Foundation and is the elder daughter of the late comedian Danny Thomas.

Actors from Detroit, Michigan
1937 births
Living people
Yellow Mama

Yellow Mama is the nickname given to Alabama's electric chair, which was used for executions from 1927–2002.

It was used at Kilby State Prison in Montgomery, Alabama. Yellow Mama was painted with highway-line paint from the State Highway Department lab. The chair was built by a British inmate in 1927 and was first used the same year.

References 

Capital punishment in the United States
History of Alabama
1927 establishments in the United States
20th-century establishments in Alabama
2002 disestablishments in the United States
List of Medal of Honor recipients (Veracruz)

The United States occupation of the Mexican port of Veracruz lasted for six months. It occurred in the midst of poor diplomatic relations between Mexico and the United States. It also related to the ongoing Mexican Revolution.

In response to the Tampico Affair President Woodrow Wilson ordered the U.S. Navy to prepare for the occupation of the port of Veracruz. While waiting for authorization of Congress to carry out such action, Wilson was alerted to a German delivery of weapons. They were for Victoriano Huerta due to arrive to the port on April 21. Because of this Wilson issued an immediate order to seize the port's customs office. They were also ordered to confiscate the weaponry.

The Medal of Honor was created during the American Civil War. It is the highest military decoration presented by the United States government to a member of its armed forces. The recipient must have distinguished themselves at the risk of their own life above and beyond the call of duty in action against an enemy of the United States. Due to the nature of this medal it is commonly presented after the recipient has been killed (posthumously).

Secretary of the Navy Josephus Daniels ordered that 56 Medals of Honor be presented to participants in the occupation of Veracruz. This was the most for any single action before or since. In total 63 Medals of Honor were received for actions during the occupation. One went to the Army. Nine webt to members of the United States Marine Corps. Fifty three went to Navy personnel.

Recipients
Note: Notes in quotations are derived or are copied from the official Medal of Honor citation

Notes

References

Veracruz
People from Veracruz
Yukio Okutsu

Yukio Okutsu (November 3, 1921 – August 24, 2003) was a United States Army soldier.  He received the Medal of Honor because of his actions in World War II.

Early life 
Okutsu was born in Koloa, Hawaii to Japanese immigrant parents. He was a Nisei, which means that he was a second generation Japanese-American.

Soldier
Okutsu joined the US Army in March 1943.

Okutsu volunteered to be part of the all-Nisei 100th Infantry Battalion.  This army unit was mostly made up of Japanese Americans from Hawaii and the mainland.For his actions in April 1945, Okutsu  was awarded the Army's second-highest decoration, the Distinguished Service Cross (DSC).  In the 1990s, there was a review of service records of Asian Americans who received the DSC during World War II.  Okutsu's award was upgraded to the Medal of Honor. In a ceremony at the White House on June 21, 2000, he was presented with his medal by President Bill Clinton. Twenty-one other Asian Americans also received the medal during the ceremony, but only seven of them were still alive.

Medal of Honor citation
Okutsu's Medal of Honor recognized his conduct in frontline fighting in northern Italy in 1945. Without the help of others, he silenced three machine gun nests.

The words of Okutsu's citation explain:
Technical Sergeant Yukio Okutsu distinguished himself by extraordinary heroism in action on 7 April 1945, on Mount Belvedere, Italy. While his platoon was halted by the crossfire of three machine guns, Technical Sergeant Okutsu boldly crawled to within 30 yards of the nearest enemy emplacement through heavy fire. He destroyed the position with two accurately placed hand grenades, killing three machine gunners. Crawling and dashing from cover to cover, he threw another grenade, silencing a second machine gun, wounding two enemy soldiers, and forcing two others to surrender. Seeing a third machine gun, which blocked his platoon's advance, he moved forward through heavy small arms fire and was stunned momentarily by rifle fire, which glanced off his helmet. Recovering, he bravely charged several enemy riflemen with his submachine gun, forcing them to withdraw from their positions. Then, rushing the machine gun nest, he captured the weapon and its entire crew of four. By these single-handed actions he enabled his platoon to resume its assault on a vital objective. The courageous performance of Technical Sergeant Okutsu against formidable odds was an inspiration to all. Technical Sergeant Okutsu's extraordinary heroism and devotion to duty are in keeping with the highest traditions of military service and reflect great credit on him, his unit, and the United States Army.

Namesake
Okutsu is the namesake of the Yukio Okutsu Veterans Home at Hilo.  It is the first veterans home operated by the state government in Hawaii.

Related pages
List of Medal of Honor recipients for World War II
List of Asian American Medal of Honor recipients

References

Other websites
 "Army Secretary Lionizes 22 World War II Heroes" at Defense.gov  
 

1921 births
2003 deaths
Military people from Hawaii
United States Army Medal of Honor recipients
American people of World War II
George McCall Courts

George McCall Courts (February 16, 1888 – August 1, 1932) was born in the District of Columbia. He graduated from the United States Naval Academy in 1907. He received the Medal of Honor for actions at the United States occupation of Veracruz, 1914.

Medal of Honor citation
Rank and organization: Lieutenant, Junior Grade Organization: U.S. Navy Born:16 February 1888, Washington, D.C. Accredited to: District of Columbia Date of issue: 12/04/1915

Citation:

For distinguished conduct in battle, engagements of Vera Cruz, 21 and 22 April 1914. Under fire, Lt.(j.g.) Courts was eminent and conspicuous in the performance of his duties. He had well qualified himself by thorough study during his years of duty in Mexico to deal with the conditions of this engagement, and his services were of great value. He twice volunteered and passed in an open boat through the zone of fire to convey important orders to the Chester, then under a severe fire.

Related pages
List of Medal of Honor recipients (Veracruz)
List of United States Naval Academy alumni (Medal of Honor)

References

Other websites

1888 births
1932 deaths
United States Navy Medal of Honor recipients
List of Medal of Honor recipients for the Boxer Rebellion

The Boxer Movement or Boxer Rebellion was a Chinese uprising from November 1899 to September 7, 1901. It was against foreign influence in areas such as trade, politics, religion and technology that occurred in China during the final years of the Manchu rule (Qing Dynasty).

The members of the Chinese Society of Righteous and Harmonious Fists were simply called boxers by the Westerners. This was due to the martial arts and calisthenics they practiced. It began as an anti-foreign, anti-imperialist, peasant-based movement that attacked foreigners who were building railroads and violating Feng shui. Christians who they felt were responsible for foreign domination of China were also targeted. In June 1900, the Boxers invaded Beijing and killed 230 non-Chinese. Before it ended, tens of thousands of Chinese Christians, Catholic and Protestants were killed. Most of them in the Shandong and Shanxi provinces.

The government of Empress Dowager Cixi gave her support to the boxers. This caused foreign diplomats, civilians, soldiers and even some Chinese Christians to retreat. They went to the legation quarter. They held out against the boxers for 55 days. A multinational coalition rushed 20,000 troops to their rescue. The Chinese government was forced to compensate the victims and make many additional concessions. Subsequent reforms implemented after the crisis of 1900 laid the foundation for the end of the Qing Dynasty. It establishment of the modern Chinese Republic.

The Medal of Honor was created during the American Civil War. It is the highest military decoration presented by the United States government to a member of its armed forces. The recipients must have distinguished themselves at the risk of their own life above and beyond the call of duty in action against an enemy of the United States. Due to the nature of this medal it is commonly presented after the recipient has been killed (posthumously).

During the Boxer rebellion, 59 American servicemen received the Medal of Honor for their actions. Four of these were for Army personnel, twenty-two went to navy sailors and the remaining thirty-three went to marines.  Harry Fisher was the first Marine to receive the medal posthumously and the only posthumous recipient for this conflict.

Recipients

References
General

Specific

Further reading

Boxer Rebellion
Personal Best

Personal Best is a 1982 American drama movie in which the story is focused on lesbian issues in the Summer Olympics of 1980, directed by Robert Towne. Starring in this are Mariel Hemingway and Patrice Donnelly; the earlier plays Chris Cahill in this movie. This motion picture was rated highly, although it did not do well in the box office.

Other websites 

1982 drama movies
1980s LGBT movies
1980s sports movies
American drama movies
American LGBT movies
American sports movies
English-language movies
LGBT drama movies
Sports drama movies
List of Korean War Medal of Honor recipients

The Korean War was an increase of border clashes between two rival Korean governments (each of which was supported by external powers). Each Korean government was trying to topple the other through political and guerilla tactics. Some may refer to it as a civil war. Though many other factors were at play. South Korea filed to strengthen their cause in free elections held in May 1950. The refusal of South Korea to hold new elections per North Korean demands was also a factor. The communist North Korean Army moved south on June 25, 1950. It was an attempt to reunite the Korean peninsula which had been formally divided since 1948. The conflict was then expanded by the United States and the Soviet Union's involvement as part of the larger Cold War. The main hostilities were during the period from June 25, 1950 until the armistice was signed on July 27, 1953.

Medal of Honor

The Medal of Honor was created during the American Civil War. It is the highest military decoration presented by the United States government to a member of its armed forces. The recipient must have distinguished themselves at the risk of their own life above and beyond the call of duty in action against an enemy of the United States. Due to the nature of this medal it is commonly presented after the recipient is killed (posthumously).

During this war 135 Medals of Honor were presented for bravery in action. Ninety seven were presented posthumously.

RecipientsTansey?

Note: Notes in quotations are derived or are copied from the official Medal of Honor citation

Related pages
 List of Medal of Honor recipients

References
General

Inline

Lists of Medal of Honor recipients
Medal of Honor recipients
Against All Odds

Against All Odds is a 1984 crime drama movie in which Rachel Ward and Jeff Bridges are among the cast. This movie is about a mix of infidelity, gangsters, crime and adultery. The movie was a remake of Out of the Past, a romance-thriller from 1947.

Release dates 

1984 thriller movies
1984 drama movies
American drama thriller movies
English-language movies
Movies directed by Taylor Hackford
Zechariah

Zechariah was the father of John the Baptist. He appears in the Gospel of Luke. He was struck dumb by an angel for failing to have faith. His voice was restored after John was born.

Ancient Israeli people
New Testament people
Pennsylvania Turnpike

The Pennsylvania Turnpike is a toll road (a road cars have to pay to drive on) operated by the Pennsylvania Turnpike Commission in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania in the United States.  It costs more than $7 for a car to enter it from Ohio. The turnpike is a limited-access highway, which means cars must use ramps to get onto the highway. It runs  across the state. The turnpike begins at the Ohio border in Lawrence County, where it goes into that state as the Ohio Turnpike. The designation ends at the New Jersey border at the Delaware River – Turnpike Toll Bridge over the Delaware River in Bucks County, where it goes into that state as the Pearl Harbor Memorial Extension of the New Jersey Turnpike. The roadway goes east-west path through the state, going through the Pittsburgh, Harrisburg, and Philadelphia areas. As it goes across the Appalachian Mountains in the middle of the state, the turnpike goes through four tunnels. It is part of the Interstate Highway System and is signed as part of Interstate 76 (I-76) between the Ohio border and Valley Forge, I-70 and I-76 between New Stanton and Breezewood, I-276 between Valley Forge and Bristol Township, and I-95 between Bristol Township and the New Jersey border.  The road uses a ticket system of tolling, where cars get a ticket listing fares when they head onto the road and pay when they leave the road, between the Warrendale and Neshaminy Falls toll plazas. There is also an eastbound toll plaza at Gateway near the Ohio border and a westbound toll plaza at the Delaware River Bridge that uses cameras to take a picture of the car's license plate and send a bill in the mail. E-ZPass, a form of electronic toll collection, is also used at all toll plazas.

The Pennsylvania Turnpike was planned in the 1930s to make traveling by car better across the mountains of Pennsylvania. It went through seven tunnels that were created for the abandoned South Pennsylvania Railroad in the 1880s. The road opened on October 1, 1940 between Irwin and Carlisle as the first long-distance limited-access highway in the United States that led to the building of other limited-access toll roads and the Interstate Highway System. Following World War II, the turnpike was built east to Valley Forge in 1950 and west to the Ohio border in 1951. In 1954, the road was built east to the Delaware River. The mainline turnpike was done in 1956 when the Delaware River bridge was built. In the 1960s, another tube was bored at four of the two-lane tunnels while the other three tunnels were closed when a new road was built around them. This made all of the highway four lanes wide. Work continues to be done to make the road better, such as rebuilding the original section to today's standards, widening parts of the turnpike to six lanes, and adding new interchanges.

References

Works cited

Turnpike