cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Paul Walker

Paul William Walker IV (September 12, 1973 – November 30, 2013) was an American actor and philanthropist. He is best known for portraying Brian O'Conner in The Fast and the Furious film series. The first movie that he acted in was Monster in the Closet where he portrayed "Professor" Bennett. Before he died, he appeared on the National Geographic Channel series Expedition Great White.

Walker died in a car crash on November 30, 2013 at the age of 40.

Early life
Walker was born in Glendale, California. His parents were Cheryl (née Crabtree), a fashion model, and Paul William Walker III, a sewer contractor and a fighter who was a two-time Golden Gloves champion,  He had English ancestry, with a smaller amount of German, and possible Irish ancestry. His paternal grandfather, a professional boxer, had English immigrant grandparents. One of his grandfathers raced factory cars for Ford in the 1960s. He was the oldest of five siblings. Walker was raised primarily in the Sunland community of Los Angeles and attended high school in the San Fernando Valley, graduating from Sun Valley's Village Christian School in 1991. He was raised as a member of Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.  After high school, Walker attended several community colleges in Southern California, majoring in marine biology.

Death
On the afternoon of November 30, 2013, it was reported that Walker was the passenger in a friend's car when the driver lost control and crashed into a tree. The car exploded and burst into flames, killing both Walker and the driver.

References

Other websites

 Official Website
 

1973 births
2013 deaths
Actors from Glendale, California
American movie actors
American television actors
American philanthropists
Road accident deaths in California
Number of the Beast

The number of the Beast (from ) is the fear of the number 666. It comes from the Biblical verse Revelation 13:18, which says that the number 666 is the number of the beast, associated with Satan or the Antichrist.

A well-known example of this fear is Nancy and Ronald Reagan, who, in 1989, when moving to their home in Bel-Air, Los Angeles, had its address changed from 666 St. Cloud Road to 668 St. Cloud Road. Another well-known example was the U.S. Route 666, where accidents and incidents were common. It is known as "Devil's Highway" and renamed to U.S. Route 491.

References

Phobias
Superstitions
New Testament
Christian eschatology
British hip hop

British hip hop (also British rap) is a genre of music. The style happens across Ireland, Northern Ireland, Scotland, Wales and England. British rap music was officially observed from the 1980s-afterward, though it might have begun far earlier. Among UK rap artists who moved to the United States at young ages are Slick Rick and Young MC (aka Marvin Young).

References

Hip hop
British music
American Colony, Jerusalem

The American Colony in Jerusalem was a colony in Jerusalem, Israel. It was established by an American and Swedish Christian utopian group in 1881. During the British Mandate of Palestine, the colony was occupied by Jordan until the Six-Day War in 1967. 

The cemetery of the colony is located in the National Garden of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem in Mount Scopus.

Other websites 

The American Colony in Jerusalem at the Library of Congress website.  Selected documents from the American Colony in Jerusalem Collection in the Manuscript Division of the Library of Congress.
Collection of Several Thousand photographs made by the American Colony Photo Department in Jerusalem (Later known as Matson Photo Service) 
 Album MIZPAH: Publication of an album which was given to Herbert Samuel by the members of the American Colony in 1925. Israel State Archives site: https://www.archives.gov.il/NR/exeres/9AAD16DC-F305-48EC-8EAF-47D012A7A578,frameless.htm?NRMODE=Published 

Neighbourhoods of Jerusalem
History of Palestine
Russian Compound

The Russian Compound in Jerusalem is an old district in central Jerusalem. It began as a Russian colony in the 19th century. It is centred around a large Russian Orthodox church. The main square in the Russian Compound is Moscow Square.

Other websites 

 photos of the Russian Compound in Jerusalem from the Jerusalem webshots site

Neighbourhoods of Jerusalem
History of Israel
19th-century establishments
Maumee, Ohio

Maumee is a city in northwest Ohio. It is close to Toledo. At the 2010 census, almost 14,300 people lived there. The name of the city is pronounced "mommy". The name was derived from an Native American tribe. It was established in the 19th century.

Cities in Ohio
Brendan O'Neill (journalist)

Brendan O'Neill is the editor of Spiked Online, an internet magazine about politics. He also writes for The Big Issue, The Australian, and The Daily Telegraph.

References

Other websites
Official website

English journalists
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Speciesism

Speciesism is thinking that humans are better than animals (although humans are technically also animals). It is also treating animals worse than humans. For example, humans often kill animals to eat. Humans rarely kill and eat other humans. The word 'speciesism' was first used in 1970 by Richard D. Ryder, an English philosopher, in a pamphlet called "Speciesism". It was made popular by Peter Singer's 1975 book Animal Liberation. In the book the name of the fifth chapter was "Man's Dominion ... a short history of speciesism". The word 'speciesism' was first put in the Oxford English Dictionary in 1985.

Media
In 2013 a documentary movie about speciesism called Speciesism: The Movie was released. It was made by Mark Devries. In it he compares factory farming to slavery and the Holocaust.

References

Animal rights
Discrimination
German Colony, Jerusalem

The German Colony in Jerusalem is a neighbourhood in Jerusalem. It began as a colony established by German Templars in 1873. The colony was built in the Valley of Rephaim on the way to Bethlehem, next to the Greek Colony. The main street of the neighbourhood today is Emek Refaim Street. The Rephaim River passes through the valley. It is also known as "White Valley".

Other websites 
  the German Colony in Jerusalem from the Jerusalem webshots site

Neighbourhoods of Jerusalem
Greek Colony, Jerusalem

The Greek Colony is a neighbourhood in Jerusalem. It started as a colony of Greeks in 1900. The Greek Colony is next to the German Colony at the end of Emek Refaim Street.

Other websites 

Neighbourhoods of Jerusalem
Richard D. Ryder

Richard Hood Jack Dudley Ryder (born 1940) is a British writer and psychologist. In 1969 he became involved with animal rights; he protested against an otter hunt in Dorset. In 1970 he made a new word, "speciesism". He used it in a pamphlet called "Speciesism". It is now in the Oxford Dictionary. Ryder made a theory called painism in 1990. In 2001 a book that Ryder wrote about his theory of painism was published. It was called Painism: A Modern Morality. Painism is the idea that any being that feels pain deserves rights.

Ryder was born in Purbeck in Dorset. He grew up in Corfe Castle. 

In 1971 an essay that Ryder wrote about animal testing was published in the book Animals, Men and Morals.

In 1972 he joined the Council of the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (RSPCA). Ryder helped to organize the first academic conference about animal rights. The conference was in August 1977 at Trinity College, Cambridge. In 1977 he became the chairman of the RSPCA. He stopped being the chairman in 1979.

His first book, Victims of Science, was first published in 1975. It is about how animals were used in scientific research at the time it was written.

References

Other websites
Official website

1940 births
Living people
Animal rights activists
English activists
British psychologists
Writers from Dorset
Clare Balding

Clare Balding OBE (born 29 January 1971) is a British television presenter. She was born in Kingsclere, Hampshire. She is openly lesbian. In 2009, she was diagnosed with thyroid cancer. She recovered later that year. In 2012, a book she wrote about her life was published. It was called My Animals and Other Family. In February 2013, Woman's Hour, a programme on BBC Radio 4, put her on their list of the most powerful women in the UK. Balding presented Britain's Brightest in 2013.

References

1971 births
British autobiographers
Cancer survivors
English journalists
English LGBT people
Lesbians
Living people
LGBT broadcasters
LGBT writers
Television personalities from Hampshire
Writers from Hampshire
Shirley Manson

Shirley Ann Manson (born 26 August 1966) is a Scottish singer, songwriter, musician and actress. She was born in Edinburgh. She is best known for being the main singer of the rock band Garbage. They have released five albums.

Career
Between 1992 and 1994 Manson was a member of a rock band called Angelfish. In 1994 Manson joined Garbage. They released their first album, Garbage, the next year. The first single released from the album was "Vow". The single "Stupid Girl" reached number four in the UK. It was their best selling single in the United States. In 1998 Garbage's second album Version 2.0 was released. It was number one in the United Kingdom, France, Belgium, and New Zealand. Six singles were released from the album. Beautifulgarbage was released in 2001. In 2005 Bleed Like Me was released. Not Your Kind of People, Garbage's fifth album, was released in 2013.

In 2013 Manson made a cover of "Because the Night" with Screaming Females.

Manson acted in eighteen episodes of Terminator: The Sarah Connor Chronicles.

Personal life
She is a feminist. 
Her first relationship was with her music teacher when she was fifteen years old. She married Billy Bush in 2010.

References

Other websites

 
 
 

1966 births
Living people
Actors from Edinburgh
British feminists

Scottish rock singers
Scottish singer-songwriters
Scottish television actors
Subantarctic

The Subantarctic is a region in the southern hemisphere that is just north of the Antarctic region. This covers the part of the world roughly to a latitude of between 46° – 60° south of the Equator. The subantarctic region includes many islands in the southern parts of the Indian Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, and Pacific Ocean.

Antarctic region
Indian Ocean
Atlantic Ocean
Pacific Ocean
Nils Petter Molvær

Nils Petter Molvær (born September 18, 1960) is a Norwegian jazz trumpeter. He plays a kind of jazz called future jazz. He has won Spellemannprisen in the Open Class three times. In 1983 he joined Jazzpunkensemblet, a Norwegian jazz orchestra. He released his first solo album Khmer in 1998 in the United States on ECM Records. It has sold more copies than any of his later albums. Molvær played trumpet on the 2008 Hector Zazou album Corps Electriques. Molvær was a member of a post-rock band called Jaga Jazzist.

References

Other websites
Official website

1960 births
Living people
Norwegian musical entertainers
Prince Edward Islands

The Prince Edward Islands are two islands in the subantarctic Indian Ocean. They are part of South Africa. The two islands are called Marion Island and Prince Edward Island. The only people on the islands are meteorologists and biologists.Now they are allowing more people to live there.

The islands were discovered in 1769 by a Dutch explorer. Different people visited the islands over the years but no one settled there. The British claimed the islands in 1908, then gave the islands to South Africa in 1948.

Antarctic region
Indian Ocean
Geography of South Africa
Islands
River Tyne

The River Tyne is a river in North East England. It is used for water sport in the summer. More than 43,500 people come and visit it every year. There is a famous bridge that crosses it called the "Tyne Bridge". Another bridge that crosses it is the Millennium Bridge. The bridges connect Gateshead to Newcastle upon Tyne.

Other websites

 Bridges On The Tyne
 Online Charts of The Tyne, to Newcastle
 Tyne Rivers Trust

References

Rivers of England
Frobisher Bay

Frobisher Bay is an inlet of the Labrador Sea in Nunavut, Canada. It is in the southeastern corner of Baffin Island. The capital of Nunavut, Iqaluit, is near the bay. Frobisher Bay is 230 kilometers (140 miles) long and is 40 kilometers (25 miles) wide at its widest point. There are many small islands in the bay.

The bay was discovered in 1576 by Martin Frobisher, an English navigator who was looking for the Northwest Passage.

Bays of Canada
Nunavut
Vitamin String Quartet

The Vitamin String Quartet is a music group from Los Angeles. The group is known widely for tribute and cover records of rock, pop or R&B acts. The group started in 1999. They have covered songs of Lady Gaga, Natasha Bedingfield, Adele and many others. Other musicians covered by the Vitamin String Quartet include Bruce Springsteen and Madonna.

Musical groups from Los Angeles
String quartets
1999 establishments in California
Midnight Memories

Midnight Memories is the third album by the British-Irish boy band One Direction. The album was made released or made public on 25 November 2013. It is their the third album after Up All Night and Take Me Home.

Songs

Notes
 signifies a co-producer
 signifies an additional producer

References

One Direction albums
2013 albums
Pop rock albums
Peter Dinklage

Peter Hayden Dinklage (born June 11, 1969) is an American actor who starred in the Home Box Office television series Game of Thrones. He also starred in other movies, including Elf (2003), Penelope (2006), Death at a Funeral (2010), and Ice Age: Continental Drift (2012). Dinklage was born in Morristown, New Jersey. He was born with achondroplasia, a form of dwarfism. He studied at Bennington College. In 2005, he married Erica Schmidt. They have one daughter. He is a Catholic. He is a vegetarian and a supporter of animal rights.

References

Other websites

 
 Peter Dinklage at Emmys.com
 
 Interview with Peter Dinklage about The Station Agent 
 BBC Movies Interview about The Station Agent
 Interview with Peter Dinklage in Delbarton Today 

1969 births
Living people
Actors from New Jersey
Actors from New York City
American animal rights activists
American movie actors
American stage actors
American television actors
American voice actors
American Roman Catholics
Emmy Award winning actors
Golden Globe Award winning actors
People with dwarfism
Vegetarians
Elf (movie)

Elf is an American 2003 Christmas comedy movie, directed by Jon Favreau.

It stars Will Ferrell, James Caan, Bob Newhart, Zooey Deschanel, and Ed Asner with Leon Redbone. Ferrell plays a human named Buddy who is raised by elves in the North Pole. He lives the way the elves do and helps in Santa's workshop. He travels to New York City to find his father. He is used to how elves live, which is very different from how humans live, with New York being a perfectly opposite way of living compared to the North Pole.

The movie was released to positive reviews on November 7, 2003 by Warner Bros. The film inspired the 2010 Broadway musical Elf: The Musical and NBC's 2014 stop-motion animated television special Elf: Buddy's Musical Christmas.

Release dates

2003 comedy movies
American comedy movies
Christmas movies
Movies composed by John Debney
Movies directed by Jon Favreau
Movies set in New York City
New Line Cinema movies
Bellis perennis

Bellis perennis is a very common European species of daisy, of the Asteraceae family, often considered the model type for the name "daisy".

Many related plants also share the name "daisy", so to distinguish this species from other daisies it is sometimes qualified as common daisy, lawn daisy or English daisy. The plant resembles Leucanthemum vulgare, a similar plant in the same family. Bellis perennis is native to western, central and northern Europe, but widely naturalised in most temperate regions including the Americas, and Australasia.

Names
Linnaeus named the plant species Bellis perennis in Sp. Pl. 2: 886. 1753
 Bellis is the Latin word for "pretty", "beautiful"; this word was used also as the name of the plant, and Pliny the Elder wrote Bellis in pratis nascitur, flore albo... ("The daisy that grows in the meadows, with a white flower...").
 perennis, Latin for "that lasts the whole year", "perennial".

Description

It is an low herbaceous perennial plant with short rhizomes and rosettes of small rounded or spoon-shaped leaves that are  long and grow flat to the ground.

The flower heads are  in diameter. Although the 'flower' may appear to consist of a yellow centre with white petals, this is not the case. Each individual "petal" is itself an individual flower; these flowers are called ray flowers. In the centre (the "disk") there are also many tiny yellow flowers; these are called the disk flowers. The different colours and styles of flower work together in order to attract insects. The flower heads are produced on stems without leaves that are  tall.

Where it grows
Bellis perennis is native to Northern Africa (Morocco), Southwestern Asia, and Europe; widely introduced and naturalised elsewhere.

The species habitually colonises grasslands, including lawns, and is difficult to eradicate. Wherever it appears it is often considered an invasive weed.

Uses as food
This daisy may be used as a leaf vegetable. Young leaves can be eaten raw in salads  or cooked, noting that the leaves become increasingly astringent with age. Flower buds and petals can be eaten raw in sandwiches, soups and salads. It is also used as a tea and as a vitamin supplement.

Gallery

Related pages
 Asteraceae

References

Other websites

 Plants for a Future: Bellis perennis profile

Asteraceae
Flowers
Wu Chinese

Wu is a group of Chinese dialects spoken in the area around Shanghai in southern China.

Speakers
Wu dialects have been spoken by some important people such as Chiang Kai-shek. However, Wu speakers are similar to speakers of Spanish and French because they can not always understand each other. In fact, the name Wu is mainly used by people who study languages.

There are various subgroups of the Wu dialect.

Replacement
Like other types of Chinese, the Wu dialects are starting to be replaced by Mandarin as time goes on.

Chinese language
Military aircraft

A Military aircraft is an aeroplane made for military purposes. There are two basic types:
 Those made for combat.
 Those made for transport. Most are Cargo aircraft.

Related pages 
 Fighter aircraft
 Bomber
 Stealth aircraft
 Attack aircraft
 Training aircraft
Astraphobia

Astraphobia, also called astrapophobia, brontophobia, keraunophobia, or tonitrophobia, is a fear of thunder and lightning. It is a type of specific phobia. Both humans and animals can have this type of phobia.

A person with astraphobia often feels fear during a thunderstorm even if there is a low chance that they will be hurt during the storm. They will sometimes look for better shelter during the storm. They might hide under a bed, under blankets, in a closet, in a basement, or anywhere else where they feel safe. A sign that a person has astraphobia is if they are very interested in weather forecasts. A person with astraphobia will want to hear news of storms that are coming by watching the weather on television or watching the storms on the internet.

Phobias
Up All Night

Up All Night is the debut or first album from the British-Irish boy band One Direction. It was made available to fans and the public on 18 November 2011.

Songs

References

One Direction albums
2011 albums
Pop albums
Zenobia

Zenobia (240 – c. 275 ) was a queen who ruled in the 3rd century over the Palmyrene Empire in what is today Syria. She led a famous revolt against the Roman Empire. She was the second wife of King Septimius Odaenathus. Zenobia became queen of Palmyra after Odaenathus' death in 267. By 269, Zenobia had expanded the empire, taking over Egypt from the Romans. Tenagino Probus, the Roman governor, committed suicide after his failed attempt to recapture the territory. In 272 Zenobia declared herself Empress. She ruled over Egypt until 274, when she was defeated and taken as a hostage to Rome by Emperor Aurelian.

Zenobia was Semitic. Many people think she was either Arab, Jewish or Aramean. She gave her son an Arabic name but her family spoke the Aramaic language, the language of the Arameans. She is known by other names, such as  () in Arabic sources, Zenobius in Latin sources and  () in Aramaic sources.

Syrian people
240s births
270s deaths
Kings and queens
Whitehouse.gov

Whitehouse.gov is the official website of the White House. It is owned by the United States government. It was started in October 1994. It has information about events in American history, as well as current news about the President, news conferences, announcements made by the President, executive orders, and speeches that the President has made on radio.

The website is the responsibility of the current administration. It is changed for each new president. The content of the website is in the public domain. It is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution license.

References

Other websites

The White House
Archived versions of the site during the Obama administration
Archived versions of the site during the Bush administration
Archived versions of the site  during the Clinton administration
American websites
Executive branch of the United States government
Carlos Ghosn

Carlos Ghosn (; ; , born 9 March 1954) is a French-Lebanese-Brazilian  businessman and fugitive from the justice system of Japan.

He is an internationally wanted criminal. He was the Chairman and chief executive officer of Renault, which is based in Paris. He held the same positions at Nissan, based in Japan. Together, these companies produce more than 10% of cars sold around the world. Ghosn was also Chairman and CEO of the Renault-Nissan Alliance, the strategic partnership overseeing the two companies through a unique cross-shareholding agreement.

He was born in Brazil.

On January 2, 2020, Interpol issued a red notice to Lebanon seeking Ghosn's arrest.

References

1954 births
Living people
Alumni of the École Polytechnique
Brazilian people
French businesspeople
Lebanese Christians
Renault
Criminals
Manal al-Sharif

Manal al-Sharif is a Saudi Arabian activist for women's rights in the kingdom. She helped start a women's right to drive campaign in 2011. A women's rights activist who had previously filmed herself driving, Wajeha al-Huwaider, filmed al-Sharif driving a car as part of the campaign. The video was posted on YouTube and Facebook.

Women are not allowed to drive in Saudi Arabia. Al-Sharif was arrested and released on 21 May and then rearrested the next day. On 30 May, al-Sharif was released on bail, on the conditions of returning for questioning if asked, not driving and not talking to the media. The New York Times and Associated Press reported the women's driving campaign as part of the Arab Spring. They reported the length of al-Sharif's detention with the Saudi government's fear of protests.

Following her driving campaign, al-Sharif remained an active critic of the Saudi government. She posted things on Twitter (known as tweeting) about imprisoned female foreign workers, the lack of elections for the Shura Council, and the murder of Lama al-Ghamdi. Her work has been praised by Foreign Policy, Time, and the Oslo Freedom Forum.

Saudi Arabian people
1979 births
Living people
Activists
Kate Bornstein

Katherine Vandam "Kate" Bornstein (born March 15, 1948) is an American writer.  She lives in New York City with her partner Barbara Carrellas. In 2012 she made a video for Dan Savage's It Gets Better Project. In August 2012 she was diagnosed with lung cancer.

Bornstein was born in New Jersey to a Jewish family.

In 1970 Bornstein joined the Church of Scientology. She left in 1981.

Bornstein does not feel male or female. She was born male. In 1986 she had sex reassignment surgery. She has written books about gender. The most well-known one is Gender Outlaw.

In 2013 a documentary about Bornstein called Kate Bornstein is a Queer & Pleasant Danger was made.

References

1948 births
Living people
Jewish American LGBT people
Jewish American writers
LGBT people from New Jersey
Transgender and transsexual Jews
Writers from New Jersey
Disconnecting switch

A disconnecting switch (or disconnector) is an electrical switch used in high-voltage electrical circuits to isolate the section which has electricity from the section with no electricity. This is done for a full safety method during electrical equipment maintenance or service.

Related pages
 Circuit breaker

Electricity
House of Farnese

The House of Farnese was a noble family from Italy. They owned fine art collections within their many palaces throughout Rome. Two of their members became Popes. The famous Elisabetta Farnese was a member of the family and she had great political influence over her husband, Philip V of Spain. The family were also the rulers of the small Italian Duchy of Parma. The family's art collection was only rivalled by that of the Medici.

 
Papal families
Electrostatic precipitator

An electrostatic precipitator (ESP) is a device to capture particles from a flowing gas. It uses the force produced by electrostatic charge. ESPs are used in many power plants which burn fuel to produce energy, such as in power stations. Any gas produced by fuel burning will pollute the air much less after being passed through an ESP.

Air pollution
Machines
Voltage spike

A voltage spike is a sudden increase in voltage value over a short time in power systems. It can be caused by several factors, but mostly it is due to external or internal disturbance. A voltage spike might cause an increase in current, but the increase in voltage might have been caused by the current increase as well.

Electricity
Transmission tower

A transmission tower or pylon (also known as an ironman in Australia and a hydro tower in parts of Canada) is a tall tower used for electric power transmission. It carries the electrical conductors (wires) of high-voltage overhead power lines. The tower is high for a safe distance for people, animals or things below the wires.

Most big transmission towers are lattice steel structures. Smaller ones may be wood, concrete or steel poles.

Types 
Most transmission towers are built as suspension towers. They only hold up the wires, not pull them. Their insulators are used vertically.

Tension towers (also known as anchor towers) pull on the wires. Their insulators are used horizontally. They work as terminal towers at the end of a power line. They work as branch towers where power lines split and run in different directions. 

Transposition towers are relatively rare. They allow the wires to change their position on the tower.

Related pages
 Underground cable

Towers
Electricity distribution
Donald Watson

Donald Watson (2 September 1910 – 16 November 2005) was an English woodwork teacher who made the word 'vegan'. He started the Vegan Society in 1944. 

In 1924, Watson saw a pig being killed on his uncle's farm. After this he became a vegetarian. He was fourteen years old. When Watson was fifteen he left school to be an apprentice woodworker. Watson was born in Mexborough, Yorkshire.

References

1910 births
2005 deaths
British teachers
People from Yorkshire
Overburden

Overburden is the material that sits on top of an area where miners or archaeologists want to dig. In mining, it is usually the soil or rock that sits on top of a coal or ore deposit. The soil needs to be removed to get to the minerals or objects below.

Mining
Geology
Coal preparation plant

A coal preparation plant (or coal handling plant) is a place where coal is prepared for use after it has been mined. The coal is washed and resized here, before it is transported to be sold, loaded on coal transport or used locally. It is then transported to coal-fired power plants, for example.

Coal mining
Boiler feedwater pump

A boiler feedwater pump is a pump that supplies water to a boiler. The water can be supplied freshly from a water source (such as a reservoir) or from water that has gone through the condensation process from the previous water cycle. The pump is a high-pressure pump, and it can be found in any plant that uses boiler, such as thermal power stations.

Fluid mechanics
Tools
Boilers
Three-phase electric power

Three-phase electric power is a method to generate, transmit and distribute AC electricity. It is the most common method in power systems to transfer power from generation to load. Three-phase systems are usually more economical to be used than equivalent single-phase or double-phase systems.

Electricity
Power factor

In electricity, the power factor (PF or cosφ) is the ratio between the power that can be used in electric circuit (real power, P) and the power from the result of multiplication between the current and voltage circuit (apparent power, S). The power factor is defined as:

PF ranges from zero to one. The higher the PF, the more efficient the circuit is because more power can be used, and vice versa. Factors that can cause PF to be less than one is non-linear load, which are capacitive load and inductive load.

Electricity
Laverne Cox

Laverne Cox is an American actress and LGBT advocate. She is best known for playing Sophia Burset in Orange Is the New Black, a Netflix series. Burset is a transgender woman in a women's prison.

Early life
Laverne Cox was born in Mobile, Alabama and was raised by a single mother and grandmother within the AME Zion church. She has an identical twin brother, M Lamar, who portrays the pre-transitioning Sophia (as Marcus) in Orange Is the New Black. Cox stated she attempted suicide at the age of 11, when she noticed that she had developed feelings about her male classmates and had been bullied for several years for not acting "the way someone assigned male at birth was supposed to act".

Cox is making a documentary about CeCe McDonald, an African American transgender woman who was put in prison for killing a man who attacked her. On January 13 2014 Cox met CeCe to drive her home after she was released from prison. Cox spoke at the start of the 2014 National Gay and Lesbian Task Force conference Creating Change. Cox was chosen as one of the 2014 grand marshalls for the New York City Pride March.

Honors and awards
 2013 – Anti-Violence Project 2013 Courage Award honoree
 2013 – Reader's Choice Award at Out Magazines OUT100 Gala, honoring the magazine's selection of 2013s 100 "most compelling people of the year."
 2014 – Woman of the Year by Glamour magazine.
 2014 – Included in the annual Root 100; this list honors "standout black leaders, innovators and culture shapers" age 45 and younger.
 2014 – Topped the British newspaper The Guardians third annual World Pride Power List, which ranks the world's most influential LGBT people.
 2014 – Stephen F. Kolzak Award from GLAAD.
 2014 – Named to the EBONY Power 100 list.
 2015 – Named to the 2015 OUT Power 50 List.
 2015 – Included in the People World's Most Beautiful Women List.
 2015 – Three Twins Ice Cream in San Francisco renamed its chocolate orange confetti ice cream Laverne Cox's Chocolate Orange Is the New Black for Pride weekend.
 2015 – Named in the 2015 Time 100 Most Influential People List; her entry was written by Jazz Jennings.
 2015 – Named by Forum for Equality as one of their 31 Icons of the LGBT History Month.
 2015 – Winner of a Daytime Emmy Award in Outstanding Special Class Special as Executive Producer for Laverne Cox Presents: The T Word. This made Cox the first openly transgender woman to win a Daytime Emmy as an Executive Producer; as well, The T Word is the first trans documentary to win a Daytime Emmy.
 2017 – Named to the 2017 OUT Power 50 List.

References

Other websites
 Official website

Actors from Alabama
American feminists
LGBT actors
LGBT African Americans
LGBT people from Alabama
Living people
People from Mobile, Alabama
Transgender and transsexual people
1972 births
Transit bus

Transit buses (also city buses, town buses or public buses) are public transport vehicles that transport  people for short and medium distances, especially within the same city. Public transit buses often use large or multiple exit and entry doors to make boarding and exiting easier, and have minimal to moderate luggage spaces (or none at all), and air conditioner/heating for passengers and drivers.

Pull chains or cords are also used on public buses. Fares are usually paid with cash, tickets or certain credit/debit cards. Many people prefer using public buses, instead of driving their own automobile for many reasons (such as not able or willing to drive).

Buses
Leonid Gaidai

Leonid Gaidai (30 January 1923 – 19 November 1993), was a Soviet comedy movie director. He was born in Svobodny, Amur Oblast.

Other websites 

1923 births
1993 deaths
Soviet people
Movie directors
Maria Bello

Maria Elena Bello (born April 18, 1967) is an American actress and singer. She has acted in the movies Permanent Midnight (1998), Payback (1999), Coyote Ugly (2000), The Cooler (2003), A History of Violence (2005), Thank You for Smoking (2006), and The Jane Austen Book Club (2007). In television, she acted in the medical drama ER from 1997 to 1998. She stars in NCIS. She also acted in Touch in 2013.

She was born in Pennsylvania. In November 2013, Bello wrote about having a same-sex relationship with her partner Clare Munn.

References

Other websites

Official website 

1967 births
American movie actors
Living people
LGBT people from Pennsylvania
Bisexual people
LGBT actors
American television actors
Paiçandu

Paiçandu is a city in the state of Paraná in the south of Brazil. Paiçandu was founded in 1948.

History 
 
During 1938 and 1940 the area of ​​land where is the County Paiçandu was inhabited by Native Americans and caboclos. There was a small cemetery that was the point of reference in the dense virgin forest, where were buried those who died at that time.
 
In the period 1942–1944, the first explorers of Minas Gerais and São Paulo were attracted by the fertility of the land. It was suitable for growing coffee. At the time the land was cleared, coffee was the largest source of wealth in the region. Facing all sorts of difficulties, farmers built their small farms and formed their crops.

The prospects for progress attract residents from different parts of the country. Trade prospered dramatically with the installation of warehouses and general merchandise. The good quality land started the first agricultural productions, especially the coffee culture.

Its name is a honor to the Brazilian Army. In the Uruguayan War, the army conquered the Uruguayan city of Paysandú.

Geography 

 Area: 171,604 km²
 Altitude: 550,00 m
 Distance from Curitiba, the state capital: 449 km
 Distance from Paranaguá, Paraná's primary seaport: 540 km
 Distance from Maringá, site of the nearest major airport: 7 km

Economy 
Participation in the Municipal GIP
 Agriculture: 8.72%
 Industry: 38.92%
 Services: 52.35%
 GDP: U.S. $ 39,784,126.08%
 GDP per capita: U.S. $ 1,651.07%
 Economically Active Population: 14597.00 hab.

Cities in Paraná State
1948 establishments in South America
1940s establishments in Brazil
Susan Stryker

Susan O'Neal Stryker (born 1961) is an American professor and activist. She is a lesbian transgender woman. Her first book, Gay by the Bay: A History of Queer Culture in the San Francisco Bay Area, was published in 1996 by Chronicle Books. Stryker wrote the book with Jim Van Buskirk. It was nominated for a Lambda Literary Award.

She edited the 2003 essay collection The Transgender Studies Reader. In 2005 Screaming Queens: The Riot at Compton's Cafeteria was released. Stryker got an Emmy Award for it. In 2008 Seal Press published Stryker's book Transgender History. She wrote the 2013 documentary Masculinity/Femininity. The Association for Queer Anthropology gave Stryker the 2013 Ruth Benedict Prize.

References

Other websites

1961 births
Living people
American academics
American LGBT people
American LGBT rights activists
American movie producers
LGBT academics
LGBT producers
LGBT writers
Transgender and transsexual people
Educators from Oklahoma
Educators from Berkeley, California
People from Norman, Oklahoma
Writers from Oklahoma
Writers from Berkeley, California
Gossip (band)

Gossip is an American indie rock band. They started in 1999 in Olympia, Washington as The Gossip. The main singer is Beth Ditto. Brace Paine is the guitarist and Hannah Blilie is the drummer. The band became popular with their third album Standing in the Way of Control (2006). Three singles were released from the album. The first single, "Standing in the Way of Control", reached number seven in the UK Singles Chart. Gossip's fourth album Music for Men was released in 2009 by Columbia Records. Their 2009 single "Heavy Cross" reached number two in Germany's chart.

Other websites
Official website

References

1999 establishments in the United States
American rock bands
Indie rock bands
Musical groups from Washington
Olympia, Washington
1990s establishments in Washington (state)
Musical groups established in 1999
Hill House School

Hill House School is a preparatory school in Knightsbridge, London, England. It was started in 1951 by Lt. Col. Stuart Townend. It is for boys and girls aged 4 to 11. The school only allowed male students until 1981.

References

Other websites
Official website

1951 establishments in the United Kingdom
Schools in London
1950s establishments in England
Competitive advantage

In economics a competitive advantage is something that allows someone or a company to beat their rivals. This includes:

 Low cost: I have better resources. I can make things at a lower cost. I sell things at a lower price than others.
 Differentiation: The product I create is different, better, or both.
 Focus: The product I create is targeted to a specific person.

Related pages 
 Comparative advantage

Economics
Comparative advantage

Comparative advantage is a term economists use, especially in international trade. A country has a comparative advantage when it can make goods or services at a lower opportunity cost than another country.

Ricardo's example 
For example, during the Industrial Revolution, England and Portugal both made wine and cloth.

Suppose the number shows the number of hours required to create one piece of cloth or one crate of wine. In 100 hours, England can either make 1 unit of cloth or 5/6 units of wine. Meanwhile in 90 hours Portugal can make 1 unit of cloth or 9/8 units of wine. Portugal has an absolute advantage in both. However England's opportunity cost of 5/6 is lower than Portugal's OC 9/8. Hence England has a comparative advantage in cloth-making.

David Ricardo predicted that Portugal would stop making cloths and England would stop making wine. That did happen.

Theory predicts that even if one country can produce all good more efficiently than another, trade will make both better off if they specialize in the goods they have a comparative advantage in.

This theory also says that protectionism (raising tariffs or blocking trade from other countries) does not work in the long run.

Related pages
Competitive advantage

References

Other websites
 What Is Comparative Advantage? | The Street
 Comparative advantage and when to blow up your island
 Ricardo's Difficult Idea, Paul Krugman's 1996 exploration of why non-economists don't understand the idea of comparative advantage
 What is comparative advantage? | Investopedia

Economics
Hikikomori

Hikikomori is a Japanese word that describes people who withdraw from society and spend extreme amounts of time on their own. The withdrawal usually happens slowly. Tamaki Saitō was the first person to use the word. In 1998 his book Shakaiteki hikikomori--Owaranai Shishunki was published. An English translation by Jeffrey Angles, Hikikomori: Adolescence without End, was published in 2013. The Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare defines hikikomori as people who refuse to leave their house for over six months. In 2010 there were 700,000 hikikomori. The average hikikomori was 31 years old. Tamaki Saitō thinks that there may be over 1 million hikikomori (1% of the Japanese population).

People who withdrew from society during school refusal is often referred to as futōkō (不登校).

English words with similar meanings include recluse and agoraphobic.

In popular culture
Welcome to the N.H.K., a 2002 novel by Tatsuhiko Takimoto, is about hikikomori.
The main character of the 2002 manga Rozen Maiden is a hikikomori. 
The 2008 film Tokyo! has a part about a hikikomori.
On her 2011 album Conatus, American singer-songwriter Zola Jesus has a song called "Hikikomori". 
The main character of the anime Anohana: The Flower We Saw That Day is a hikikomori.
In 2013 Hikikomori and the Rental Sister, a novel by Jeff Backhaus, was published. It is about an American hikikomori who has sex with a Japanese immigrant.

References

Japanese culture
Heinrich Boere

Heinrich Boere (27 September 1921 – 1 December 2013) was a convicted German-Dutch war criminal and former member of the Waffen-SS. He was one of the most wanted Nazis during the 1940s.

Boere was born in Eschweiler, Germany to a Dutch father and German mother.

Boere began serving his life sentence on 16 December 2011 at the age of 90. He died on 1 December 2013 in prison custody in Fröndenberg from natural causes, aged 92.

References

Other websites
 Germany: Trial opens of former SS member Heinrich Boere, wsws.org 2 November 2009
 Life imprisonment for SS man Heinrich Boere, wsws.org 3 April 2010

1921 births
2013 deaths
Deaths from natural causes
Dutch military personnel of World War II
German prisoners
German war criminals
Murderers
People from Eschweiler
People who died in prison custody
Waffen-SS people
Donald Malarkey

Donald G. Malarkey (July 31, 1921 – September 30, 2017) was a former non-commissioned officer during World War II.  Malarkey was portrayed in the HBO miniseries Band of Brothers by Scott Grimes. 

Malarkey was born in Astoria, Oregon on July 31, 1921.

References

Other websites
Photos of Don Malarkey & the Band of Brothers during their visit to the 1st Armored Division in Germany 
Photos of Don Malarkey during his 2009 visit with Prince Charles 
Interview from Men of Easy Company 

1921 births
2017 deaths
American military personnel of World War II
People from Oregon
Purple Heart recipients
Tony Musante

Anthony Peter "Tony" Musante (June 30, 1936 – November 26, 2013) was an American actor. He was born in Bridgeport, Connecticut into an Italian-American family. He was known for his role as David Toma in the 1970s television series Toma and as Joe D'Angelo in As the World Turns.

He died of complications following surgery on November 26, 2013, aged 77, in Manhattan, New York City.

References

Other websites

1936 births
2013 deaths
Actors from Bridgeport, Connecticut
American movie actors
American stage actors
American television actors
Deaths from surgical complications
Lewis Collins

Lewis Collins (26 May 1946 – 27 November 2013) was an English actor. He was best known for his tough-guy role as Bodie in the ITV drama series The Professionals. It ran from 1977 to 1983.

Collins died from cancer in Los Angeles, California on 27 November 2013, aged 67.

References

Other websites

The Unofficial Lewis Collins website

1946 births
2013 deaths
Actors from Cheshire
Cancer deaths in Los Angeles
English movie actors
English television actors
People from Birkenhead
Edward Heffron

Edward James Heffron (May 16, 1923 - December 1, 2013)   was a former American World War II-veteran. Heffron was played in the HBO miniseries Band of Brothers by Robin Laing. He wrote some books about his view of the war. 

Heffron was born in South Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on May 16, 1923. He died on December 1, 2013 from natural causes in his home in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, aged 90.

References

Other websites
Photos of Babe Heffron & the Band of Brothers during the 2008 USO tour to the Middle East 
Men of Easy Company website 

1923 births
2013 deaths
Deaths from natural causes
American military people
World War II people
Writers from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Alice Herz-Sommer

Alice Herz-Sommer, also known as Alice Sommer (26 November 1903 – 23 February 2014), was a Czech-British music teacher and supercentenarian from Bohemia. She was a survivor of the Theresienstadt concentration camp

Herz was born in Prague, Austria-Hungary on 26 November 1903, along with her twin sister Mariana. She married the businessman and amateur musician Leopold Sommer in 1931. They had one son, Raphael Sommer. Leopold Sommer was later sent to Auschwitz. Although he survived the camp, he died at Dachau in 1944.

She lived in Israel and worked as a music teacher in Jerusalem. She then moved to Belsiza Park in London in 1986. Raphael Sommer, her only child, was a cellist and conductor. He died in 2001.

Herz-Sommer died on the morning of 23 February 2014 in London, England, from natural causes, aged 110.

References

Other websites
 "Life is beautiful", The Guardian, 13 December 2006
 "I look at the good", Haaretz, 21 January 2010
 "I played Chopin as they sent my family to their deaths", Jewish Chronicle

1903 births
2014 deaths
British supercentenarians
Czech Jews
Holocaust survivors
Jewish British musicians
Jewish Israeli musicians
Jewish supercentenarians
Musicians from Prague
Naturalised citizens of the United Kingdom
Twin people from the United Kingdom
Mister Donut

Mister Donut is a worldwide food franchise which sells pastries, soda, coffee, muffins and doughnuts. The company was established in the United States in 1956, though it is now based from Japan. The company was acquired in 1990, following which every North American outlet was renamed Dunkin' Donuts except for fewer than six by the start of 2010. Only one Illinois location continues using the Mister Donut corporate name.

American food companies
1956 establishments
Sweet breads
Companies of Japan
Acid Black Cherry

Acid Black Cherry is the solo project of Japanese musician, Yasu. He started the project in 2007. It was after his previous band, Janne Da Arc, announced that they were taking a break. Acid Black Cherry is often called ABC.

Visual kei bands
Musical groups established in 2007
Olive Garden

The Olive Garden is an American casual dining restaurant. It serves Italian-American cuisine. The Olive Garden was established in December 1982 in Orlando, Florida. There are over 800 locations worldwide.

References 

1982 establishments in the United States
American restaurants
Companies based in Florida
Orlando, Florida
Ipovlopsychophobia

Ipovlopsychophobia is a fear of having one's own photograph taken. It is a type of specific phobia.

References

Phobias
Camera shyness

Camera shyness is when a person doesn't want a photograph taken of them. Many people who are camera shy do not like to speak in public or perform in front of other people.

A fear of having one's own picture taken is called ipovlopsychophobia.

Related pages 
 Modesty

Emotions
Availability factor

Availability factor in a power plant is the amount of time that it is able to produce electricity over a certain period, divided by the amount of the time in the period. The availability factor depends on the type of power plant, the source of energy used and how the plant is operated. Newer types of power plants usually have higher availability factors than old power plants.

Electricity
Base load power plant

A base load power plant is a power station that usually provides a continuous supply of electricity throughout the year with some minimum power generation requirement. Base load power plants will only be turned off during periodic maintenance, upgrading, overhaul or service. Base load power plant has the character of slow demand respond, a mechanism to match generation with the load it supplies.

Examples of base load power plants are coal-fired power plant, geothermal power plant, tidal power plant, nuclear power plant, etc.

Related pages
 Load following power plant
 Peaking power plant

Power plants
Peaking power plant

A peaking power plant (or peaker) is a power station that only runs during peak hours of demand of electricity. Because of that, the price of electricity it generates is generally higher than the electricity generated by base load power plant, which operates continuously throughout the year. Peak hours may include hot afternoons when air conditioners are working.

Examples of peaking power plants are a hydropower plant, pumped-storage hydro power plant, and gas-fired power plant. Nuclear and solar power are not used in this way.

Related pages
 Load following power plant

Electricity