cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Chicken and waffles

Chicken and waffles is a dish that has both chicken and waffles. It is popular in the United States, where it is served in many restaurants. There are two types of chicken and waffles dishes: the soul food version and the Pennsylvania Dutch version.

Types

Soul food version
The best-known version is the soul food version, which uses fried chicken. It uses a waffle that would be served during breakfast. It comes with condiments such as butter and syrup. It is very popular in Baltimore, Maryland.

Pennsylvania Dutch version
The Pennsylvania Dutch version has a plain waffle with pulled, stewed chicken on top. It is served with gravy. It is often found in the Northeastern United States.

References

Other websites

American food
Chicken as food
Sheryl Sandberg

Sheryl Kara Sandberg (born August 28, 1969) is an American businesswoman. She is the chief operating officer of Facebook.

Early life and education
Sandberg was born in 1969, in Washington, D.C., in a Jewish family. In 1987 started a Bachelor's degree in economics at Harvard College. She graduated in 1991 with the highest honor, summa cum laude. In 1993 she started at Harvard Business School. In 1995 she earned her M.B.A. with highest distinction. After this Sandberg worked as a management consultant for McKinsey & Company for a year.

Career 
From 1996 to 2001 she was Chief of Staff to the then United States Secretary of the Treasury Larry Summers.

In 2001 Sandberg became the vice president of Global Online Sales & Operations for Google Inc.. In 2007 Sandberg met Mark Zuckerberg, the maker of Facebook, at a Christmas party.

Zuckerberg thought that Sandberg would be good at being Facebook's COO. In March 2008 Facebook hired Sandberg.

December 2010, she gave a TED speech titled "Why we have too few women leaders." In 2012 she became the eighth member (and the first female member) of Facebook's board of directors. Sheryl Sandberg's first book Lean In was published on March 11, 2013.

Personal life
Sandberg married to Dave Goldberg, the CEO of SurveyMonkey, from 2003 until his death in 2015. She is a feminist.

References

Other websites
Lean In

Related pages

 Marissa Mayer
 Susan Wojcicki
 Zhang Xin

1969 births
Living people
Businesspeople from California
American feminists
American Jews
Jewish feminists
Egocentrism

Egocentrism is a state of mind of putting oneself in the center of interest, of being interested more about oneself than about other people. While this is normal in young children, it becomes more and more of a problem, in older children, adolescents and adults. To egocentric people, self-relevant information is seen as more important in shaping one’s judgments than are thoughts about others and other-relevant information. The term egocentrism was mostly coined by Piaget, a psychologist. Egocentrism is different from both egoism and narcissism. Young children are egocentric: they see themselves as the "center" of the world. Developing self-conscience requires the perception that there are others, that there is socialistion with other people, and that there are differences between oneself and other people. Egocentric people are often unable to fully understand or to cope with other people's opinions. The fact that reality can be different from what they are ready to accept is difficult for them.

References

Psychology
Eric Young

Jeremy Fritz (born December 15, 1979) is a Canadian professional wrestler. He currently works for Total Nonstop Action Wrestling under the ring name, Eric Young (2004-2016). He is a one-time TNA World Heavyweight Champion. 

In TNA, Fritz is known for portraying many different comic relief gimmicks. During his time in TNA, he has won the X Division Championship once, Legends/Global/Television Championship twice, and the World Tag Team Championship five times. He also became the only man to co-hold the TNA Knockouts Tag Team Championship when he won the title with ODB.

Outside of wrestling, Fritz hosts Off the Hook: Extreme Catches on Animal Planet.

Championships
Allied Powers Wrestling Federation
APWF Cruiserweight Championship (one time)
Assault Championship Wrestling
ACW Heavyweight Championship (one time)
Family Wrestling Entertainment
FWE Heavyweight Championship (one time)
Future Stars of Pro Wrestling
FSPW Independent Championship (two times)
Memphis Wrestling
Memphis Southern Tag Team Championship (one time) (with Johnny Devine)
Neo Spirit Pro Wrestling
NSP Independent Championship (one time)
Pro Wrestling Illustrated
He was ranked #49 of the best 500 singles wrestlers in the PWI 500 in 2010.
Total Nonstop Action Wrestling
TNA World Heavyweight Championship (one time)
TNA X Division Championship (one time)
TNA Legends/Global/Television Championship (two times)
TNA World Beer Drinking Championship (one time)2
NWA World Tag Team Championship (two times) (with Bobby Roode)
TNA World Tag Team Championship (two times) (with Kaz (one) and Kevin Nash and Scott Hall (one)1)
TNA Knockouts Tag Team Championship (one time) (with ODB)
TNA Turkey Bowl (2011, 2012)
Most Inspirational (2006)
Wrestling Observer Newsletter awards
Worst Worked Match of the Year (2006) (TNA Reverse Battle Royal on TNA Impact!)
Xtreme Wrestling Coalition
XWC World Heavyweight Championship (one time)

1Young defended the championship with either Hall or Nash under the Freebird Rule.2Championship not officially recognized by TNA.

References

Other websites
TNA profile 

1979 births
Living people
Canadian professional wrestlers
Former WWE wrestlers
Sportspeople from Ontario
TNA wrestlers
Illmatic

Illmatic is the first studio album of American rapper Nas. It was released on April 19, 1994 by Columbia Records. Nas recorded the album during 1992 and 1993 in New York City. The producers were Nas, Large Professor, Pete Rock, Q-Tip, L.E.S., and DJ Premier.

Nas raps about his life in Queensbridge, New York. Nas's lyricism features multi-syllabic internal rhyme patterns.

Illmatic received very good reviews from most music critics  upon its release. It earnt praise for its lyrical content, production, and Nas's lyricism. Over time, music critics have recognized it as one of the greatest hip hop albums.

Illmatic did not sell very well at the beginning. On January 17, 1996, the album was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America. In 2001, it earned platinum certification after shipments of one million copies in the United States.

Songs

References 

Hip hop albums
1994 albums
Armillaria solidipes

Armillaria solidipes is a species of fungus. It is also known as the honey mushroom. It grows in the United States. In the Malheur National Forest in Oregon there is one that is the world's biggest living organism.

References

Fungi
Reflektor

Reflektor is the fourth album by Arcade Fire. It was released on October 28, 2013. The album has two discs. The first disc has seven songs. The second disc has six songs. It got good reviews from music critics. Pitchfork gave it a score of 9.2 out of 10. The first single from the album, "Reflektor", was released on September 9, 2013. The album was number one in several countries including the United States, Canada and the United Kingdom.

References

2013 albums
Division of New England

The Division of New England is an Australian electoral division in New South Wales. It is in the north-east of the state, next to the border with Queensland. It was set up for the first federal election in 1901. It is named after the New England region of northern New South Wales.

The includes the towns of Armidale, Ashford, Barraba, Bingara, Bundarra, Glen Innes, Gunnedah, Guyra, Inverell, Manilla, Quirindi,  Tamworth, Uralla, Werris Creek, Walcha and Tenterfield.

Members

Barnaby Joyce is a former Senator for the state of Queensland. In 2016 he became leader of the National Party and Deputy Prime Minister.

Election results
 2004 election results
 2007 election results
 2010 election results
 2013 election results

References

Other websites
 Division of New England - Australian Electoral Commission

Electoral divisions of Australia
New South Wales
1901 establishments in Australia
Charlemagne Prize

The Charlemagne Prize () is a famous prize awarded each year. The prize has been awarded since 1950 by the German city of Aachen. It is awarded to persons who have done outstanding work towards the unification of Europe. The award is named after Charlemagne, emperor of the Frankish Empire, and founder of what became the Holy Roman Empire. Charlemagne lived and was buried in Aachen.

References

Other websites
Charlemagne Prize 

1950 establishments in Europe
Awards
Aachen
1950s establishments in Germany
Luke Baldwin

Luke Baldwin (born 15 September 1990) is an English rugby union player. He was born in Royal Tunbridge Wells. He plays for Bristol Rugby in the RFU Championship.

Education 
Luke Baldwin was educated at The Judd School in Tonbridge. While he was there he also played rugby for them. In 2003, he represented Judd at Kent County Athletics Under-13 Championships at Canterbury High School. There he finished third place in the 75-metre hurdles and fourth in the 100-metres.

Career 
Baldwin started playing rugby for Tunbridge Wells RFC. In 2006 he signed with Saracens Academy. He trained there while he also played for Tunbridge Wells until 2009. After he left Tunbridge Wells, he was loaned to Blackheath F.C.. He made his debut for Saracens in 2010. He went on to make 5 first team appearances for Saracens.

In 2010, he was loaned to RFU Championship side, Bedford Blues. In 2012, he returned to Bedford Blues on a dual registration with Saracens. While at Bedford, he received praise for his playing performance. He also represented Saracens in the Premiership Rugby Sevens Series while also playing for Bedford Blues in the RFU Championship. In 2013, he left Saracens and Bedford Blues and signed for Bristol Rugby, playing his final game for Bedford against London Welsh.

References

Other websites 
 Luke Baldwin Career Statistics

English rugby union players
Sportspeople from Kent
1990 births
Living people
Westerlund 2

Westerlund 2  is a massive young super star cluster. It is about one or two million years old, and partly obscured with gas. It contains some of the hottest, brightest, and most massive stars known. The cluster is 20,000 light years away in the Milky Way galaxy.

The cluster contains a dozen of O-type main sequence stars, of which at least three are eclipsing binaries. There are many very young pre-main sequence stars and two Wolf–Rayet stars.

The core of the cluster contains several examples of rare very hot stars.  Just outside the cluster a massive eclipsing binary WR20a is found at 30 arcseconds (about 1.1 pc in projection), the bright yellow spot just on the lower right side of the cluster center.

As its name indicates, the Westerlund 2 cluster was discovered by Bengt Westerlund in the sixties, but its stellar content was assessed only in later years.

References 

Super star clusters
Sonny Chiba

, also known as , was a Japanese actor, singer, movie producer and director, and martial artist. He was from Fukuoka, Kyūshū. He was possibly the most famous Japanese movie actor of all time.

Chiba died on 19 August 2021 at a hospital in Kimitsu, Japan from pneumonia caused by COVID-19, aged 82.

Filmography 
 The Street Fighter (1974) as Takuma Tsurugi
 Kill Bill: Volume 1 (2003) as Hattori Hanzō
 Kill Bill: Volume 2 (2004) as Hattori Hanzō
 The Fast and the Furious: Tokyo Drift (2006) as Kamata
 Sushi Girl (2012) as Sushi chef

References

Other websites 

 Official Website
 Official Blog
 Facebook
 AllRovi Sonny Chiba 
 
 Sonny Chiba - HKMDB

1939 births
2021 deaths
Japanese movie actors
Japanese television actors
Japanese stage actors
Japanese voice actors
Singers from Fukuoka Prefecture
Actors from Fukuoka Prefecture
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan
Deaths from pneumonia
Eve (rapper)

Eve Jihan Jeffers (born November 10, 1978), better known as Eve, is an American rapper, songwriter, and actress. She was the first winner of the Grammy Award for Best Rap/Sung Collaboration in 2002 for the song "Let Me Blow Ya Mind", with Gwen Stefani. In 2002 her album Scorpion was also nominated for Best Rap Album.

Career
Eve released her first album Let There Be Eve...Ruff Ryders' First Lady in 1999. It went straight to number one in the American album chart. It was the third album by a female rap artist to reach number one in the United States.

In 2001 Eve's second album Scorpion was released. It entered the American album chart at number four. Eve won Best Female Hip-Hop Artist at the Black Entertainment Awards.

In 2002 Eve's third album, Eve-Olution, was released. Two singles were released from the album. The first single "Gangsta Lovin" is a song sung with Alicia Keys. It reached number two in the American singles chart. 

Eve was on the remix of Michael Jackson's 2002 single "Butterflies".
 
In 2003 Eve started acting in a sitcom called Eve. The show was stopped in 2006. There were 66 episodes.

Eve rapped on Gwen Stefani's 2004 single "Rich Girl". It reached number seven in the Billboard 100. She rapped on "Never", Keyshia Cole's first single, in 2005.

In 2007 Eve released the single "Tambourine". She also rapped on Kelly Rowland's single "Like This". It reached number four in the UK Singles Chart. That year Eve started to make her fourth album.

Eve was in the 2009 documentary Good Hair. 

She presented the MTV Africa Music Awards 2010. She rapped on Guy Sebestian's single "Who's That Girl". It reached number one in Australia and New Zealand.

In 2013 Eve's fourth album, Lip Lock, was released. The album included appearances from Missy Elliott and Snoop Dogg. On August 23, 2013 Eve started The Lip Lock Tour.

Discography

Studio albums
 Let There Be Eve...Ruff Ryders' First Lady (1999)
 Scorpion (2001)
 Eve-Olution (2002)
 Lip Lock (2013)

References

1978 births
African American actors
African American musicians
American rap musicians
Grammy Award winners
Living people
Frederick McCubbin

Frederick McCubbin (25 February 1855 – 20 December 1917) was an Australian painter. He was a part of the Heidelberg School, which was an important period in the history of Australia's visual arts.

McCubbin was born in Melbourne. McCubbin was taught at William Willmett's West Melbourne Common School and St Paul's School, Swanston Street. He worked several jobs while studying art at the National Gallery of Victoria's School of Design. There he met Tom Roberts and studied under Eugene von Guerard. He also studied at the Victorian Academy of the Arts. He showed some of his early paintings there in 1876, and again from 1879 to 1882. He sold his first painting there in 1880.

By the early 1880s, McCubbin's work had become famous. His paintings won several prizes from the National Gallery. By the mid-1880s his painting became focused on the Australian bush. This is the work for which he is remembered.

In 1888, McCubbin became instructor and master of the School of Design at the National Gallery. He taught several students who themselves became notable Australian artists.

He married Annie Moriarty in March 1889. They had seven children. McCubbin lived most of his life in Melbourne, and rarely travelled. He and his family moved to Mount Macedon in 1901. McCubbin continued to paint through the first two decades of the 20th century. By the beginning of World War I, his health began to fail. He died in 1917 from a heart attack.

References

Other websites

 Australian government website on McCubbin, source of most of the material for this article
 Frederick McCubbin (1855-1917)  Gravesite at Brighton General Cemetery
 Frederick McCubbin at the National Library of Australia

1855 births
1917 deaths
Australian painters
Joan Miró

Joan Miró (20 April 1893  25 December 1983) was a Spanish painter, sculptor and ceramicist. He was born in Barcelona. He died of heart disease in Palma, Majorca. A museum dedicated to his work, the Fundación Joan Miró, was opened in Barcelona in 1975.

Joan Miró started painting when he was fourteen he attended an art school. He then started to develop his own style to draw scenes of trees and landscapes. In around the 1930s Joan started to make rapid changes to his style of painting. Influenced by Pablo Picasso, Miro developed more surrealist works. 

Miró was a significant influence on late 20th-century art, in particular the American abstract expressionist artists.

References 

1893 births
1983 deaths
Cardiovascular disease deaths in Spain
People from Barcelona
Spanish painters
Spanish sculptors
Flora Robson

Dame Flora McKenzie Robson DBE (28 March 1902 – 7 July 1984) was an English stage and movie actress. She was known for her performances in plays demanding dramatic and emotional intensity. Her roles varied from queens to villainesses.

1902 births
1984 deaths
English stage actors
English movie actors
Alumni of the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art
English television actors
Erskine Caldwell

Erskine Caldwell (17 December 1903 – 11 April 1987) was an American writer. He wrote about poverty, racism and social problems in the Southern United States. He did this in novels such as Tobacco Road and God's Little Acre. This work was praised by critics. It also made him controversial among fellow Southerners because they felt he was making them look bad.

1903 births
1987 deaths
Writers from Georgia (U.S. state)
Writers from Oregon
People from Ashland, Oregon
Neopilina

Neopilina is a mollusc, the only surviving genus of monoplacophora.
Some molecular results show that they fall within the polyplacophora clade, although these have been called into question.  Fossil and morphological data show that they are rather derived and bear very little resemblance to an 'ancestral mollusc'.

The monoplacophora were well-known as a fossil group from the Cambrian to the Devonian. They were thought to be long extinct. One species was dredged up from the Pacific Ocean off Mexico in 1952. It was found to be a Monoplacophoran, and given the genus of Neopilina.  This was one of the most remarkable modern discoveries of a 'living fossil', and a Lazarus taxon.

References 

Molluscs
The Showgrounds

The Showgrounds is a football ground in Newry, County Down, Northern Ireland. It is the home football ground of Newry City A.F.C.. The ground usually holds 7,949 people. However, it only holds 2,275 at the moment under health and safety law.

Sources

Football stadiums in Northern Ireland
County Down
NGC 1569

NGC 1569 is a dwarf irregular galaxy in Camelopardalis.  This faint galaxy is well studied by professional astronomers, who are interested in the history of star formation in the galaxy. The galaxy is relatively nearby, so the Hubble Space Telescope can easily pick out its stars. In 2008 scientists studying images from Hubble calculated the galaxy's distance at nearly 11 million light-years away, making it a member of the IC 342 group of galaxies.

Starburst 
The most notable feature of NGC 1569 is its powerful starburst. It has formed stars at a rate 100 times greater than that of our galaxy during the last 100 million years. It contains two prominent super star clusters with different histories.

Super star cluster A, in the northwest of the galaxy is formed of two close clusters (NGC 1569 A1 and NGC 1569 A2). It contains young stars 
(including WolfRayet stars) which formed less than 5 million years ago (in NGC 1569 A1) as 
well as older red stars (in NGC 1569 A2).

Super star cluster B, near the center of the galaxy, has older  red giants and red supergiants.

Both of these star clusters have masses similar to the globular clusters in the Milky Way. Many smaller star clusters are relatively young (between 2 million years and 1 billion years. They are similar to small globular clusters or R136 in the Large Magellanic Cloud.
This shows, with the results from other dwarf galaxies such as the Large Magellanic Cloud and NGC 1705, that star formation in dwarf galaxies does not occur continuously but instead occurs in a series of short bursts.

The many supernovae produced in the galaxy as well as the strong stellar winds of its stars have produced filaments and bubbles of ionized hydrogen with respective sizes of up to 3,700 and 380 light years. These shine as the light of the young stars contained within them hits the gas.

NGC 1569's starburst may have been triggered by interactions with other galaxies of the IC 342 group, probably a nearby cloud of hydrogen.

References 

Dwarf galaxies
Yordy Reyna

Yordy Reyna (born 17 September 1993) is a football player from Peru. He plays as a striker for Red Bull Salzburg, in the Austrian Bundesliga.

Career
Reyna started his career for Alianza Lima, where he played in the youth teams. In March 2011 he was promoted to the first team after scoring seven goals in the reserve team and in the 2011 Under-20 Copa Libertadores. In that season he won also the award for "breakthrough player" of the 2012 season.

In 2013, Yordy Reyna signed with the Austrian club Red Bull Salzburg for a fee of 2 million euros. Yordy Reyna played his first game for Red Bull Slazburg in a friendly match where he had a great performance and scored the game-winning goal.

International
Reyna played for the Peru Under-20 national team seven times in 2012 and 2013. On 22 March 2013, Reyna played his first senior match. It was to qualify for World Championships, and Peru won against Chile by scoring 1-0.

References

1993 births
Living people
Peruvian footballers
FC Red Bull Salzburg players
Halton Arp

Halton Christian "Chip" Arp  (March 21, 1927 – December 28, 2013) was an American astronomer. He was known for his Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies, published in 1966. Arp was also known as a critic of the Big Bang theory and for helping a non-standard cosmology to create an intrinsic redshift.

Arp was born on March 21, 1927 in New York City. He studied at the California Institute of Technology. Arp was married three times. He had four daughters.

Arp died on December 28, 2013 in Munich. He died from a stroke, and he was aged 86.

Books
 
 Halton Arp, Seeing Red,  Aperion (August 1998) 
 Halton Arp, Catalogue of Discordant Redshift Associations, Aperion (September 1, 2003) 
 G. Burbidge, E.M. Burbidge, H.C. Arp, W.M. Napier: Ultraluminous X-ray Sources, High Redshift QSOs and Active Galaxies.
 J. Kanipe, D. Webb The Arp Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies, A Chronicle and Observer's Guide, Willmann-Bell Inc. (2006)

References

Other websites

 Halton Arp's Website
 Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies
 Arp's Catalog of Peculiar Galaxies website
 Detailed review of Seeing Red by Tom Van Flandern 
 Electric Politics interview with Halton C. Arp (podcast) 

1927 births
2013 deaths
Deaths from stroke
American astronomers
Scientists from New York City
Wojciech Kilar

Wojciech Kilar (17 July 1932 – 29 December 2013) was a Polish classical and movie composer. He was known for his composing in Bram Stoker's Dracula and The Pianist. He received many awards throughout his fifty years of composing.

Kilar was born on 17 July 1932 in Lwów, Poland (present-day Lviv, Ukraine). He studied at State Higher School of Music and at State Higher School of Music. 

Kilar married Barbara Pomianowska in April 1966. They had no children. Their marriage lasted for almost over forty years. Pomianowska died in November 2007. 

Kilar composed many movie compositions. He composed the trailer music for Schindler's List. He also composed the music for Promised Land and for Dracula. He composed his musical works during a festival for Pope John Paul II.

In 1991 Polish filmmaker Krzysztof Zanussi made a movie about his life titled Wojciech Kilar.

Kilar, who was suffering from brain cancer during his final years, from which he died on 29 December 2013 in Katowice, Poland at the age of 81.

References

Other websites

 

Composer's website
Kilar at the Polish Music Center 
Interview with Wojciech Kilar
Wojciech Kilar  at Culture.pl

1932 births
2013 deaths
Deaths from brain cancer
Disease-related deaths in Poland
Polish composers
Mary Wibberley

Mary Wibberley ( – 29 December 2013) was an English romantic fiction writer. She wrote over 48 romance novels. Her first novel, Black Niall, was published in 1973. 

Wibberley died after a short illness on 29 December 2013. She was aged 79.

References

1934 births
2013 deaths
English writers
Eero Mäntyranta

Eero Antero Mäntyranta (20 November 1937 – 30 December 2013) was a Finnish skier. He has won several medals and the Winter Olympic Games.

Mäntyranta was born in Pello, Finland.

He competed in four Winter Olympics from 1960 to 1972. He won seven medals at the first three of them. This makes him one of the most successful skiers in Finland. His success at the 1964 Winter Olympics earned him the nickname "Mister Seefeld". The Finnish Ministry of Education honored him with the Pro Urheilu letter of recognition in 2000. There is a museum called Mäntyranta in Pello.

Mäntyranta died on 30 December 2013 from a heart attack. He died in Pello, aged 74.

Other websites

Holmenkollen medalists  – click Holmenkollmedaljen for downloadable pdf file 
Holmenkollen winners since 1892  – click Vinnere for downloadable pdf file 

1937 births
2013 deaths
1960 Winter Olympics
1964 Winter Olympics
1968 Winter Olympics
1972 Winter Olympics
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Finnish Olympic bronze medalists
Finnish Olympic silver medalists
Olympic gold medalists
Skiers
Skiing in Finland
Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni

Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni is an Indian-American author and poet. She writes for both adults and children. In 1991 her first collection of poems, Black Candle, was published. In 1995 she won the American Book Award for Arranged Marriage: Stories. Her 1997 novel Mistress of Spices was made into a movie.

Early life
Divakaruni was born in Kolkata (earlier known as Calcutta), West Bengal, India. She studied B.A. from the University of Calcutta in 1976. Then she went to the United States to study in Wright State University from where she received a master's degree. In 1985, she received her PhD in English from the University of California, Berkeley.

References

Living people
1956 births
Year of birth missing (living people)
Writers from Berkeley, California
People from Kolkata
Indian poets
American poets
Indian novelists
American novelists
Junot Díaz

Junot Díaz (born December 31, 1968) is a Dominican-American writer. His first novel The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao was published in September 2007. In 2008 it won the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction. It also won the John Sargent Sr. First Novel Prize. His next novel has not been published yet. It is called Monstro.

Early life
Díaz was born in Villa Juana, a neighborhood in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic. In December 1974 he moved to New Jersey.

Personal life
He lives with Marjorie Liu.

Work
Díaz's first collection of short stories, Drown, was published in 1996. His first novel, The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao was published in 2007. It is about a Dominican boy called Oscar Wao, who is growing up in New Jersey. It took him 11 years to write. The book uses both English and Spanish. In 2012 Díaz released a collection of short stories called This Is How You Lose Her. He was given the $500,000 MacArthur "Genius grant" award. In 2013 he won the £30,000 Sunday Times EFG Private Bank short story prize. Díaz joins other Hispanic-American writers such as Gloria Anzaldúa, Sandra Cisneros, and Giannina Braschi who use Spanglish phrases in their stories.  Spanglish is a mix of English words and Spanish words.

References

Other websites
Facebook page

1968 births
Writers from New Jersey
Living people
O. Henry Award winners
Saul Williams

Saul Stacey Williams (born February 29, 1972) is an American singer, poet, and actor. He played the main character in the 1998 movie Slam.

Early life
Williams was born in Newburgh, New York. For high school he went to Newburgh Free Academy.

Career
He became an open mic poet in 1995. In 1998 he played Ray Joshua, the main character in the movie Slam. He also helped write the script. In 2001 he released his first album Amethyst Rock Star. His second album Saul Williams was released in 2004. His third album The Inevitable Rise and Liberation of NiggyTardust! was released on November 1, 2007. It was produced by Trent Reznor.

Personal life
Williams is vegan. He lives in Paris. He identifies as queer.

References

1972 births
African American musicians
Living people
Musicians from New York
Queer people
Fernando Luján

Fernando Luján (born Fernando Ciangherotti Díaz; August 23, 1939 – January 11, 2019) was a Colombian-born Mexican movie and television actor. He was known for his many roles on telenovelas. His career began in 1952 and appeared in over 50 movies and hundreds of television shows. He starred as Leonardo's father in Overboard (2018).

Luján was born on August 23, 1939 in Bogotá. He died from respiratory failure on January 11, 2019 in Puerto Escondido, Oaxaca at the age of 79.

References

Other websites
Fernando Luján at the Telenovela database.

El coronel no tiene quien le escriba review on The New York Times

1939 births
2019 deaths
Deaths from respiratory failure
Colombian entertainers
Mexican movie actors
Mexican television actors
Mexican stage actors
People from Oaxaca
People from Bogotá
Actors from Mexico City
Andrew Jacobs, Jr.

Andrew "Andy" Jacobs, Jr. (February 24, 1932 – December 28, 2013) was an American lawyer and politician. Jacobs was in the United States House of Representatives for 30 years.

His father, Andrew Jacobs, was also a congressman for one term. He once was married to Martha Keys of Kansas, whom he was in the House with for a time. In 1988, Jacobs married Kimberly Hood Jacobs, an Emmy Award-winning television reporter.

Jacobs died on December 28, 2013 at his home in Indianapolis, Indiana. He died from natural causes, aged 81.

References

Other websites

 Video of Jacobs speaking
 Jacobs' Books on Amazon.com
 Biography from the Stennis Center 

1932 births
2013 deaths
American Roman Catholics
Deaths from natural causes
Politicians from Indianapolis, Indiana
United States representatives from Indiana
US Democratic Party politicians
Columbia Railroad Bridge

The Columbia Railroad Bridge, which is also called the Columbia Bridge, is a bridge in the city of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It is run by the CSX Transportation train company, who uses the bridge to transport goods in the Trenton Subdivision area.  The bridge goes over the Schuylkill River. It is in a park called Fairmont Park.

First bridge
The bridge has been built three times. First, it was built in 1834. It was a covered bridge. The bridge was made from pine tree wood. The government of the state of Pennsylvania and the Philadelphia and Columbia Railroad company built it.  The bridge was bought by the Reading Railroad in 1851.

Second bridge
The next bridge was built in 1886 by the Reading Railroad. It was made of iron and was very strong, so trains carrying very heavy things could go over it.

Third bridge

Today's bridge was built in 1920.

References

1834 establishments in the United States
1830s establishments in Pennsylvania
1886 establishments in the United States

1880s establishments in Pennsylvania

1920 establishments in the United States
20th-century establishments in Pennsylvania 
Bridges in the United States
Buildings and structures in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Transport in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Joseph Ruskin

Joseph Ruskin (born Joseph Schlafman; April 14, 1924 – December 28, 2013) was an American character actor. He appeared in over 100 movies during his 50-year career. He appeared in Get Smart, Star Trek, Alias, and in The Twilight Zone.

Ruskin died on December 28, 2013 at a hospital in Santa Monica, California. He died from natural causes, aged 89.

References

Other websites

1924 births
2013 deaths
Deaths from natural causes
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
Actors from Massachusetts
Michael McDonald (singer)

Michael McDonald (born February 12, 1952) is an American singer and songwriter. He is known for a soulful baritone singing style. He began his career singing back-up vocals with Steely Dan. He became a member of The Doobie Brothers from 1976 to 1982. This period which resulted in several successful songs for the band. He has won five Grammy Awards.

McDonald was born in St. Louis, Missouri.

References

Other websites 
Michael McDonald official web site
Official MySpace site
St. Louis Walk of Fame 

Michael McDonald Sings on New Grizzly Bear Single
Yacht Rock official site 
June 20, 2011 Inside MusiCast interview

1952 births
Living people
American singer-songwriters
Singers from St. Louis, Missouri
Grammy Award winners
Dolores Huerta

Dolores Clara Fernandez Huerta (born April 10, 1930) is a labor leader and civil rights activist. Huerta, along with César Chávez, founded the National Farmworkers Association. This later became the United Farm Workers (UFW). 

Huerta has received many awards for her community service and her support for workers', immigrants', and women's rights. These include the Eugene V. Debs Foundation Outstanding American Award, the United States Presidential Eleanor Roosevelt Award for Human Rights, and the Presidential Medal of Freedom. Huerta is a role model to many in the Latin community. She is the subject of many corridos (ballads) and paintings.

References

Other websites

 Dolores Huerta Foundation
Dolores Huerta Celebrates 80th Birthday with Call for "Weaving Movements Together" - video report by Democracy Now!
Biography at Las Culturas

1930 births
Living people
American activists
People from New Mexico
Ronald Reagan Day

Ronald Reagan Day is a state holiday in California, Illinois and Wisconsin. It is celebrated on February 6 each year. The holiday is to remember the life of Ronald Reagan. All state government offices, community colleges, schools, and libraries are closed.

For the 100th anniversary of Reagan's birthday in 2011, governors in 21 states declared February 6 to be Ronald Reagan Day.

References

Holidays
Presidential birthdays in the United States
California
Wisconsin
Illinois
Things named after Ronald Reagan
Mandela Day

Nelson Mandela International Day (or Mandela Day) is an international holiday in honor of Nelson Mandela who has contributed for social justice, toleration against racist discrimination, world peace and conflict resolution. It is celebrated each year on 18 July (Mandela's birthday). The day was officially declared by the United Nations General Assembly in November 2009.

The first UN Mandela Day was held on 18 July 2010. However, other groups had celebrated Mandela Day the previous year, on 18 July 2009. This was Mandela's 91st birthday. A series of concerts art exhibitions, fundraising and educational events were held. They led up to a concert at Radio City Music Hall.

References

Holidays
South Africa
Nelson Mandela
Nelson Mandela International Airport

Praia International Airport  is an airport on Santiago Island in Cape Verde. It was opened in late 2005, replacing the old Francisco Mendes International Airport. 

It is about 3 kilometres northeast of central Praia in the southeastern part of Santiago Island. At the beginning of 2012, the airport was renamed after Nelson Mandela.

The first flight to the new airport was on October 23, 2005. Even though the airport serves the capital and largest city, Praia, Cape Verde's main international airport is Amílcar Cabral International Airport. This is on the smaller island of Sal.

References

Other websites

 TACV Timetable for Praia
 New Cape Verde Airport to Open Soon

Nelson Mandela
Airports in Africa
Buildings and structures in Africa
Cape Verde
2005 establishments in Africa
Bolometric magnitude

Bolometric magnitude is the total magnitude of all electromagnetic radiation of a star or other object. It is an extension of luminosity to include all kinds of radiation. 

Astronomy
Measurement
Electromagnetic radiation
Deaths in 2014

The following is a list of notable deaths in 2014. For notable deaths for different months, please see "Months".

Name, age, country of citizenship and reason for notability, cause of death, reference (must be added) are added.


Months
Deaths in January 2014
Deaths in February 2014
Deaths in March 2014 
Deaths in April 2014
Deaths in May 2014
Deaths in June 2014
Deaths in July 2014
Deaths in August 2014
Deaths in September 2014
Deaths in October 2014
Deaths in November 2014
Deaths in December 2014

Other websites

The Guardian, UK obituaries
Obituaries, Los Angeles Times
The New York Times, US obituaries
The Sydney Morning Herald, Australian obituaries

Index lists
John Fortune

John Fortune (30 June 1939 – 31 December 2013) was a British satirist, comedian, writer and actor. He was best known for his work with John Bird and Rory Bremner on the television series Bremner, Bird and Fortune. He studied at Bristol Cathedral School and King's College, Cambridge, where he met John Bird.

Fortune died from leukemia, at the age of 74.

References

Other websites
 
 John Fortune  at Vivienne Clore
 Bremner, Bird and Fortune, "Best Political Satire -Television, 2003"  – Political Studies Association Awards 2003
 Bird and Fortune: A Life in Television  BAFTA filmed event, March 2009

1939 births
2013 deaths
Actors from Bristol
Comedians from Bristol
Deaths from leukemia
English movie actors
English television actors
English television writers
OMG Girlz

The OMG Girlz is an American girl group. The group was started in 2009 in Atlanta by Tameka "Tiny" Cottle and Kiesha Miles, who were members of the girl group XScape. The members are Zonnique Pullins (Miss Star), Bahja Rodriguez (Miss Beauty), and Breaunna Womack (Miss Babydoll). Reginae, the daughter of Lil' Wayne, was a member until 2010. They are all African American teenagers. They have a quirky image. Their first single "Ain't Nobody" was released in 2010. In 2011 the band were signed to Grand Hustle Records. Their first album, Officially Miss Guided, has not been released yet.

2009 establishments in the United States
American girl groups
Johnny Orr

John M. "Johnny" Orr (June 10, 1927 – December 31, 2013) was an American basketball player and coach. He was best known for as the head coach of men's basketball at the University of Michigan and at Iowa State University. He remains the coach with most wins in Iowa State history, with 218 wins and 200 losses.

Orr died from congestive heart failure at the age of 86.

References

Other websites
player bio at databaseBasketball.com
Where's Coach Now?
Here's Johnny Orr. 
LEGEND LOST: Coach Johnny Orr Dies

1927 births
2013 deaths
Deaths from congestive heart failure
College basketball coaches
American basketball players
Sportspeople from Kansas
Sportspeople from Iowa
Sportspeople from Illinois
Sportspeople from Michigan
Kelly Carlson

Kelly Carlson (born February 17, 1976) is an American actress and model. She is best known for playing Kimber Henry in Nip/Tuck. She played a motorcycle gang member in 3000 Miles to Graceland.

Early life
Carlson was born in Minneapolis, Minnesota.

References

American television actors
American movie actors
Actors from Minneapolis, Minnesota
1976 births
Living people
Ballades (Chopin)

Frédéric Chopin's ballades are four one-movement pieces for solo piano. He composed them between 1835 and 1842. The four ballades are said to have been inspired by Polish poet Adam Mickiewicz. The exact inspiration for each individual ballade, however, is unclear and not agreed upon.

Ballades were composed before Chopin, in literature and Italian Renaissance music. But, Chopin invented the ballade as an abstract musical form. The ballade is a distinct form and cannot be placed into another form (e.g. sonata). After Chopin, other composers such as Franz Liszt and Johannes Brahms also wrote ballades.

The ballades are thought to be the best of Chopin's compositions and of romantic music.  The ballades are difficult for pianists to play, even after they learn the technical difficulty of the notes. There are still the creative expressions to be mastered. 

All four ballades are from 8 to 12 minutes in length. They are in triple time (three beats to a bar), or in 6/4 or 6/8 time. Each is an individual work and should not be played as a group in a concert. Even Chopin did not do this. He wanted listeners to find their own interpretation of the music. Each piece has its own poetry, drama and story.

Chopin's four ballades are very popular pieces and are often heard in concerts around the world. There have been many recordings made of the ballades by classical pianists.

References 

Compositions by Frédéric Chopin
Solo piano pieces
China Anne McClain

China Anne McClain (born August 25, 1998) is an American actress, singer, and songwriter. The first movie she acted in was The Gospel. It was released in 2005. Between 2006 and 2012 she played Jazmine Payne in Tyler Perry's House of Payne.

Career
McClain first acted in the 2005 movie The Gospel. Tyler Perry saw the movie and gave her the role of Jazmine Payne in Tyler Perry's House of Payne.
In 2009 McClain played Alana Collins in Hurricaine Season. In 2011 McClain won the prize for Best Performance - Comedy at the NAMIC Vision Awards for her role in the show. McClain started acting in the Disney sitcom A.N.T. Farm in 2011. She played the main character, Chyna Parks. The show lasted three seasons. McClain sung the show's theme song, "Exceptional". It was released on a soundtrack album called A.N.T. Farm in 2011. Two singles were released from the album. It reached number 29 in the American albums chart. 

In 2014, McClain played Gabby Harrison in Disney Channel movie How to Build a Better Boy.

Early life
McClain was born in Atlanta to African American parents. Her father is Michael McClain, a music producer. Her mother, Shontell, a songwriter.

References

1998 births
African American actors
African American musicians
Living people
Actors from Atlanta, Georgia
American TikTokers
Shrimp toast

Shrimp toast or prawn toast is a Chinese dim sum dish. It is small triangles of bread, brushed with egg and topped with chopped shrimp and water chestnuts. It is baked or deep fried. It is often served as an appetizer in Chinese restaurants in Australia and the United States. In some countries, such as the United Kingdom and Australia, sesame seeds are sometimes sprinkled on the dish before it is baked or deep fried.

References

Seafood dishes
Chinese food
Charles Edward Russell

Charles Edward Russell (September 25, 1860 – April 23, 1941) was an American journalist and politician. He started the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People with people including W. E. B. Du Bois, Ida B. Wells, Archibald Grimké, Henry Moskowitz, Mary White Ovington, Oswald Garrison Villard, William English Walling (the last son of a former slave-holding family), and Florence Kelley in 1909. For the rest of his life Russell worked on the board of directors. Russell also wrote 27 books. In 1928 he won a Pulitzer Prize for The American Orchestra and Theodore Thomas.

Early life
Charles Edward Russell was born in Davenport, Iowa on September 25, 1860. His father was a newspaper editor at the Davenport Gazette. Russell went to St. Johnsbury Academy for high school.

Career
Russell worked as a "muckraker". A muckraker was a journalist who reported about how capitalism was bad. In 1902, Russell's first book, Such Stuff as Dreams, was published. Russell joined the Socialist Party of America in 1908. He was a member until 1917. Russell was the Socialist candidate for Governor of New York in 1910 and 1912. He was a candidate for U.S. Senator from New York in 1914. Russell's memoir These Shifting Scenes was published in 1915.  Russell acted in the 1917 movie The Fall of the Romanoffs. In 1928 Russell won the Pulitzer Prize for his biography The American Orchestra and Theodore Thomas. In 1933 Russell's second memoir Bare Hands and Stone Walls was published. Russell was an editorial writer for social democratic magazine The New Leader.

Personal life
Russell had one child, John Russell. Charles Edward Russell died on 23rd April 1941.

References

1860 births
1941 deaths
American political activists
American progressives
Biographers
American journalists
Politicians from Iowa
American political writers
Pulitzer Prize winners
Social democrats
Dana Perino

Dana Marie Perino (born May 9, 1972) is an American journalist. She was the White House Press Secretary under President George W. Bush, from September 2007 to January 2009. She is currently a political commentator working for Fox News. She works for the program The Five.

Perino was born in Evanston, Wyoming. She was raised in Denver, Colorado.

References

White House Press Secretaries
Writers from Wyoming
American political commentators
Writers from Denver, Colorado
American journalists
1972 births
Living people
Megyn Kelly

Megyn Marie Kelly (born November 18, 1970; previously called Megyn Kendall) is an American reporter on Fox News and NBC. She hosted The Kelly File. She previously hosted America Live on Fox News and Megyn Kelly Today on NBC. She also hosts the channel's New Year's Eve Special Live every December 31.

Criticism
On October 26, 2018, NBC News announced the cancellation of Megyn Kelly Today in the wake of defending blackface as Halloween costumes.

Kelly was born in Syracuse, New York.

References

People from Syracuse, New York
American journalists
1970 births
Living people
John Caspar Wild

John Caspar Wild (1804 - August 12, 1846) was an American painter and lithographer. He was also called J.C. Wild. He was born in Switzerland. He moved to Paris, France. In 1832 he moved to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He painted and printed landscapes. He painted a lot of cities in the United States. He painted pictures of Philadelphia, St. Louis, Cincinnati, and Davenport, Iowa. His artwork is owned by the Library Company of Pennsylvania.

References

1804 births
1846 deaths
American painters
American printmakers
Swiss painters
People from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce

Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce, OD (born December 27, 1986) is a Jamaican sprinter. She became famous in 2008 when she became the first Caribbean woman to win 100 meters gold at the Olympics at the 2008 Olympic Games in Beijing. At the 2012 London Olympic Games she won another gold medal in the same event. She also won silver in 200 meters and 4 x 100 meters relay. She is five feet tall. She is one of the fastest women to run 100 meters of all time.

Personal life
She is a Christian.

References

1986 births
Female athletes
Jamaican sportspeople
Olympic gold medalists
Living people
Sprinters
Caribbean people
Samuel Rhoads

Samuel Rhoads (1711 - April 7, 1784) was an American architect and politician.

As an architect, he made drawings of what the Pennsylvania Hospital should look like. His designs were used and continued to be used after he died. He was the Mayor of Philadelphia in 1774. He also was a delegate in the First Continental Congress. He was friends with Benjamin Franklin. He was director of the Library Company of Philadelphia. He was also involved in the American Philosophical Society, where he was Vice President.

References

Other websites
Biographical Sketch at Philadelphia Architects and Buildings
Brief biography at Virtualology.com

1711 births
1784 deaths
American architects
Mayors of Philadelphia
American revolutionaries