Constitution of India

The Constitution of India is the supreme law in India . A Constitution is a set of rules and regulations guiding the administration of a country. The constitution of India is the framework for political principles, procedures and powers of the government. It is also the longest constitution in the world with 395 articles and 12 schedules. Originally it consisted of 395 Articles arranged under 22 Parts and 8 Schedules. Today after many amendments, it has 470 Articles and 12 schedules and 25 parts (According to 2021). The constitution was written on 26 November 1949, and was made the center of law on 26 January 1950.

History 
India had to face many problems after independence. Rehabilitating the refugees who migrated from Pakistan, merging the princely states, maintenance of law and order were the major challenges. Sardar Patel successfully achieved the merger of the princely states and provinces with the Union of India.  Even the challenge of framing a constitution in order to enable govern the country was also fulfilled. 
  
The recommendations of the Motilal Nehru Committee and the decisions taken by the meeting of National Congress at Karachi prepared for the formation of a Constituent Assembly.

The first meeting of the new Constituent Assembly was conducted on 9th of December, 1946. The next meeting conducted in 11th of December, 1946 under the chairmanship of Dr. Rajendra Prasad.  Participants included Jawaharlal Nehru, Sardar Vallabhai Patel, Dr.B.R.Ambedkar(Dr. Bhim Rao Ambekar)and Sarojini Naidu. Dr. B.R Ambedkar, chairman of the Drafting Committee, is often called the father of the Indian Constitution.
  
The 389 members of the Constituent Assembly formed many committees to examine in detail all the issues relating to the country. Dr.B.R.Ambedkar was the Chairman of one of the most important committees, i.e., the Drafting Committee. Other members of the committee were N.Gopalaswamy Iyengar, Alladi Krishnaswamy etc.
  
The Constituent Assembly, which came into existence on 11th of December 1946, had 145 meetings and framed a draft constitution.  During these discussions, the various laws proposed by the British Government in 1909, 1919 and 1935, the British Parliamentary system, the American Bill of Rights, the Social Directive Policies of Ireland were studied and some parts of those were written in the Constitution.  Finally, the Indian Constitution was approved  on 26th of November, 1949 and came into effect on 26th of January, 1950.  This day (January 26) is celebrated as the 'Republic Day' in India.

Structure 

Below is a list of all articles in chronological order of the constitution.

 Preamble
 Part I – Union and its Territory
 Part II – Citizenship.
 Part III – Fundamental Rights.
 Part IV – Directive Principles of State Policy.
 Part IVA - Fundamental Duties.
 Part V – The Union.
 Part VI – The States.
 Part VII – States in the B part of the First schedule(Repealed).
 Part VIII – The Union Territories
 Part IX – The Panchayats.
 Part IXA - The Municipalities.
 Part X – The scheduled and Tribal Areas
 Part XI – Relations between the Union and the States.
 Part XII – Finance, Property, Contracts and Suits
 Part XIII – Trade and Commerce within the territory of India
 Part XIV – Services Under the Union, the States.
  Part XIVA - Tribunals.
 Part XV – Elections
 Part XVI – Special Provisions Relating to certain Classes.
 Part XVII – Languages
 Part XVIII – Emergency Provisions
 Part XIX – Miscellaneous
 Part XX – Amendment of the Constitution
 Part XXI – Temporary, Transitional and Special Provisions
 Part XXII – Short title, date of commencement, Authoritative text in Hindi and Repeals.

Related pages
Constitution
Constitutionalism

References
Salient Features of the Indian Constitution
Features of the Indian Constitution
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Other websites
Indian Constitution at Wikisource

Government of India
India
1950
1950s in India
B. R. Ambedkar