cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
David Jason

Sir David John White OBE (born 2 February 1940), known professionally as by his stage name David Jason, is an English actor, comedian, screenwriter and television producer. He is best known for his roles as Del Boy in the BBC and GOLD comedy series sitcom Only Fools and Horses and Detective Insepctor Jack Frost in A Touch Of Frost, Granville in Open All Hours and Still Open All Hours, and Pop Larkin in The Darling Buds of May, as well as voicing Mr. Toad in The Wind in the Williows and the title character of DangerMouse and Count Duckula; His last original was Del Boy was in 2014 and Frost in 2010.

Jason was made an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in 1993, and knighted in 2005, both for services to drama. He won the British Comedy Awards Lifetime Achievement Award in 2001, and the BAFTA Academy Fellowship Award in 2003.

Jason lived with his long term girlfriend, actress Myfanwy Talog, for eighteen years until her death from breast cancer in 1995. At age 61, Jason and 41-year-old girlfriend Gill Hinchcliffe had a baby girl in 2001.  They married in 2005.

Career

Radio

Television

Movies

Animation

Awards and nominations
David Jason has a total of twenty-three awards between 1986 and 2003. His hit comedy show, Only Fools and Horses won many of these awards, and was also nominated many times. His crime drama, A Touch of Frost, has also won and been nominated many times. Porterhouse Blue, The Second Quest, All the King's Men and A Bit of a Do have won David Jason one award each.

References

Other websites
 

1940 births
Living people
Actors from London
BAFTA Award winners
English movie actors
English television actors
English voice actors
Karl Malden

Karl Malden (22 March 1912 – 1 July 2009) was an American actor. He worked in acting from the 1930s to 2000. He won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his role in A Streetcar Named Desire. He was also in other classic movies, such as On the Waterfront, One-Eyed Jacks and Patton. He is perhaps best known for his role on television in the series The Streets of San Francisco during the 1970s.

He was born Mladen Sekulovich in Chicago. He grew up in Gary, Indiana. His family was Serbian. In 1938, he married Broadway actress Mona Greenberg. The two would remain married until Malden's death in 2009. Greenberg died in July 2019.

At one time he served as president of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Among other awards he won during his lifetime was an Emmy Award for his role in Fatal Vision. He was also given a Life Achievement Award by the Screen Actors' Guild in 2003.

Malden died in Los Angeles at the age of 97.

References

Other websites

 
 

1912 births
2009 deaths
DePaul University alumni
Actors from Chicago
Actors from Indiana
American movie actors
American stage actors
American television actors
Academy Award winning actors
Screen Actors Guild Award winners
Emmy Award winning actors
John Campbell Ross

John Campbell Ross (11 March 1899 - 3 June 2009) was the last living Australian World War I veteran.

Born in Newtown, Victoria, a suburb of Geelong, Ross served as a wireless operator in the First Australian Imperial Force, enlisting in January 1918, but never left Australia or saw active service. He later went on to serve in the Second World War as a corporal with the 20th Battalion, Volunteer Defence Corps.

His wife, Irene (née Laird), had been deceased by several decades before Jack Ross's death. He is survived by a son, Robert, a daughter, Peggy Ashburn, four grandchildren- Janette, Heather, Kay, and John - and nine great-grand children.

On 11 November 1998, Jack Ross had been awarded the 80th Anniversary Armistice Medal to mark the end of World War I. Jack also had been awarded the Centenary Medal for doing his share to the Australian society in the 100 years since the federation.

The death of William Evan Allan in October 2005 left Ross as the last Australian digger from World War I. However Claude Choules, a World War I veteran who served for Britain, lived in Western Australia. Ross became Australia's oldest man at the age of 108, on 12 June 2007, upon the death of Frank Scarrabelotti. Following the death of 112 year old E. Beatrice Riley, he was verified as the oldest person in Australia.

Ross celebrated his 110th birthday with chocolates and cake and a commemorative letter from the Prime Minister of Australia Kevin Rudd.

As a civilian, Ross worked for Victorian Railways until he retired in 1964. Ross died peacefully in his sleep at approximately 4 am. at the Golden Oaks Nursing Home in Bendigo on 3 June 2009, aged 110.

1899 births
2009 deaths
List of last surviving World War I veterans

This a list of known veterans of World War I who died in 2009 (5 veterans), 2010 (1 veteran), 2011 (2 veterans) and 2012 (1 veteran). Florence Green, who died on 4 February 2012, was the last surviving veteran of any nation.

Veterans by country of service – 9 veterans
These people served in the armed forces during World War I.

Unverified World War I veterans – 4 veterans 
Listed here are the veterans who were not verified as a World War I veteran.

World War I era veterans – 6 veterans
Listed here are those that joined the armed services after the Armistice date, but before the Treaty of Versailles was signed, or where there is debate on their join-date, or whose military service is sometimes viewed as outside the scope of "WWI", but are considered World War I-era veterans by the press or by their respective governments, or served in a related conflict.

Related pages
 List of surviving veterans of World War I
 List of last surviving World War I veterans by country

References

Lists of military people
World War I people
Bill Stone

William Frederick Stone (23 September 1900 – 10 January 2009) was a British veteran of World War I who served in the Royal Navy. He died on 10 January 2009.

1900 births
2009 deaths
British military personnel of World War I
Norman Wisdom

Sir Norman Joseph Wisdom OBE (4 February 1915 – 4 October 2010) was an English comedian, singer, songwriter, actor and musician.

Filmography
 A Date with a Dream (1948)
 Wit and Wisdom (1948–1950, TV)
 Trouble in Store (1953)
 One Good Turn (1954)
 As Long as They're Happy (1955)
 Man of the Moment (1955)
 Up in the World (1956)
 Just My Luck (1957)
 The Square Peg (1958)
 Follow a Star (1959)
 There Was a Crooked Man (1960)
 The Bulldog Breed (1960)
 On the Beat (1962)
 The Girl on the Boat (1962)
 A Stitch in Time (1963)
 The Early Bird (1965)
 The Sandwich Man (1966)
 Press for Time (1966)
 Androcles and the Lion (1967, TV)
 The Night They Raided Minsky's (1968)
 What's Good for the Goose (1969)
 Norman (1970, TV)
 Music Hall (1970, TV)
 Nobody Is Norman Wisdom (1973, TV)
 A Little Bit of Wisdom (1974, TV)
 BBC Playhouse: "Going Gently" (1981, TV)
 BBC Bergerac: "Almost Like a Holiday" (1983, TV)
 The 1950s: Music, Memories & Milestones (1988, TV)
 Double X: The Name of the Game (Double X, Run Rabbit Run) (1992)
 Last of the Summer Wine episode "The Man Who Nearly Knew Pavarotti" (1995, TV)
 Last of the Summer Wine episode "Extra, Extra!" (1996, TV)
 Where on Earth Is ... Katy Manning (1998, TV)
 Casualty episode "She Loved the Rain" (1998, TV)
 Last of the Summer Wine episode "The Coming of the Beast" (2001, TV)
 Last of the Summer Wine episode "A Musical Passing for a Miserable Muscroft" (2002, TV)
 Dalziel and Pascoe episode "Mens Sana" (2002, TV)
 Coronation Street (2004, TV)
 Five Children and It (2004) Played Nesbitt.
 Last of the Summer Wine episode "Variations on a Theme of the Widow Winstanley" (2004, TV)
 Expresso (2007) [www.expressofilm.com]
 Evil Calls: The Raven (2008)
 Wonderland: The Secret Life Of Norman Wisdom Aged 92 and 3/4 (2008, TV)

CDs and vinyl

 I Would Like to Put on Record Jingle Jangle The Very Best of Norman Wisdom Androcles and the Lion Where's Charley? Wisdom of a Fool Nobody's Fool Follow a Star 1957 Original Chart Hits Follow a Star/Give Me a Night in June Happy Ending/The Wisdom Of A Fool Big in Albania - One Hit Wonderland''

References 

1915 births
2010 deaths
Actors from London
British screenwriters
Comedians from London
English movie actors
English stage actors
English television actors
Musicians from London
Lazare Ponticelli

Lazare Ponticelli (7 December 1897 - 12 March 2008) was a French World War I veteran.

World War I 

In August 1914, after the start of World War I, Ponticelli joined the 1st Régiment de Marche of the French Foreign Legion at 16 years old. He had to lie about his age as he was still to young to join the army. His older brother, Céleste Ponticelli, had also joined the regiment.Ponticelli said that France had done much for him, and being in the army was his way of showing his thanks. He fought at Soissons in Picardy, northeast France and at Douaumont, near Verdun. Ponticelli worked digging burial pits and trenches. 

Ponticelli was not a French citizen and in May 1915, when Italy entered the war, he was forced into the Italian Army by conscription. Even though he tried to stay with his French regiment, he had to become part of the 3rd Alpini Regiment. Ponticelli fought against the Austro-Hungarian Army at Mount Piccolo on the Austria–Italy border. At his new job as a machine gunner, Ponticelli was wounded by a shell during an assault on an Austrian mountain. He was sent back to his job after rest in Naples.

Once, his regiment stopped fighting the Austrians for three weeks. The armies, who mostly spoke the same language, traded loaves of bread for tobacco and took pictures of each other. His commanders found out about this, and moved the regiment to another area.

1897 births
2008 deaths
French military personnel of World War I
Italian military people
Legion of Honour
Military personnel of World War I
Supercentenarians
Fire ant

Fire ants are stinging ants. They are also called ginger ants and tropical fire ants. They evolved in South America, but have become a major pest in North America. They are known for a painful sting. This sting uses a base, not an acid.

Invasion 
In 1918, fire ants were accidentally moved into the United States of America by a ship from South America. They were moved in large amounts of dirt.  The ships brought heavy things like machines from the US to South America. They brought back light things like crops. The dirt was ballast make the ships more stable. The dirt sometimes had fire ants in it.

In the United States, fire ants have no natural predators or competitors. They became an invasive species. Native animals are not adapted to these ants. Fire ants are very aggressive. Their colonies can have many queens unlike many other ant species. Because of this, fire ants have spread very fast. By 1965, fire ant mounds spread on the south eastern coast and as far west as Texas. Today they are found in at least 10 southern states. There is a separate group of fire ants living in California.

Jaws of damage 

Fire ants have done a lot of harm as they have spread across the United States.  Because they are attracted to electrical currents, they chew through wires.  This makes short circuits.  Fire ants have also disturbed the natural balance of native ecosystems.  In some places, they have killed off 70% of the native ant species and 40% of other native insect species.

Each year, about 25,000 people go for medical help because of painful bites from fire ants.  Fire ants attack in groups when disturbed.  People often get many bites.  Fire ant bites are usually not dangerous but some people are allergic to fire ants.  They may go into shock.  This is called anaphylaxis.  This can kill them.

Fighting fire 

The fire ants are growing in the US 80 years after they came there. About 157 chemicals, like ammonia, gasoline, parts of manure, and insect-killing pesticides, are used against fire ants. However, none of them were very helpful. By 1995, the government had allowed only one fire-ant bait for people to use a lot.

References

Other websites 

 Biology, Control, and Management of Imported Fire Ants in North America at www.eXtension.org 
 The Alabama Fire Ant Management Program
 Queensland Government - Department of Primary Industries Fire Ants Homepage
 Fire Ant Gene Sequence database 
 Fireants building a lifeboat to save the queen - Video

Ants
Fulgurite

Fulgurites are a rare type of natural glass made when lightning hits silica-rich minerals that are commonly in sand, soil, and some rocks. Tubular fulgurites are found in places with a lot of silica, like beaches or deserts. Lightning makes a tubular fulgurite when a bolt goes through the sand and melts silica into a liquid. The liquid silica cools and hardens quickly, leaving behind a thin glassy tube, usually with a rough outer surface and a smooth inner surface. Underground, a fulgurite may be shaped like the roots of a tree, branching out with many arms that trace the zigzagging path of the lightning bolt. They are quite delicate, with walls no thicker than 1-2 mm. Some of the largest fulgurites are removed from the ground in many pieces and then glued back into their original shape.

Natural materials
Glass
St. Patrick's Cathedral (New York)

Saint Patrick's Cathedral is a decorated Neo-Gothic-style Catholic cathedral church in the United States. It is the seat of the archbishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of New York, and a parish church, located on the east side of Fifth Avenue between 50th and 51st Streets in midtown Manhattan, New York City, New York. It faces Rockefeller Center.

Roman Catholic Cathedrals
Cathedrals in the United States
Buildings and structures in Manhattan
New York City Designated Landmarks
The Musical Offering

The Musical Offering (German title Musikalisches Opfer or Das Musikalische Opfer), BWV 1079, is a collection of several pieces of music by Johann Sebastian Bach. It consists of canons, fugues, ricercars and a trio sonata. All the music is based on a tune made up by King Frederick II of Prussia (Frederick the Great). Bach dedicated the work to him.

How Bach composed the work 

The idea for this music started at a meeting between Bach and Frederick II on 7 May 1747. One of Bach’s sons, Carl Philipp Emanuel, was one of the king’s court musicians. The king wanted to show Johann Sebastian Bach a new instrument that had recently been invented. This was the piano. The king invited Bach to his palace at Potsdam.

During the visit the king gave Bach a theme and asked him to write a 3 part fugue based on it. Bach was good at improvisation so he made up a 3 part fugue. The king wondered whether he could make up a 6 part fugue. That would be very difficult, and people thought he was joking, but Bach said he would think about it.

Two months later, after he had gone home to Leipzig, Bach made up a six-voice fugue based on the king’s theme. He put it together with other compositions based on the theme and sent them to the king. This music became known as the “Musical Offering”. We do not know what the king thought of it.

At the top of the music Bach wrote some Latin words: "Regis Iussu Cantio Et Reliqua Canonica Arte Resoluta" (this means: “the theme given by the king, with additions, resolved in the canonic style”). The first letters of these words spell out the word ricercar, which was a form of music well-known at the time.

The Musical Offering consists of a collection of ricercars, canons, fugues and a trio sonata. The trio sonata was written for flute, violin and basso continuo, but most of the other music does not show what instruments should play it. They are often played on keyboard instruments, or as chamber music by small groups of instruments. Bach did not show what order he wanted the pieces to be played in.

Riddles 

Bach also put riddles at the top of some of the pieces. Some of these riddles have been explained, but some have more than one solution. One of these riddle canons, "in augmentationem" (i.e. augmentation) has notes which get longer and longer. Bach wrote: "Notulis crescentibus crescat Fortuna Regis" (“may the fortunes of the king increase like the length of the notes”). Another one is a modulating canon which ends a tone higher than it starts. Bach wrote over the music: "Ascendenteque Modulationis ascendat Gloria Regis" (“as the modulation rises, so may the King's glory”).

20th century adaptations 
Several composers have made arrangements of some of the music from the “Musical Offering”. In 1935, Anton Webern arranged Bach’s six-part ricercar for orchestra. In 1980 Sofia Gubaidulina used the Royal Theme of the Musical Offering in her violin concerto. She turns the notes into a Russian Orthodox hymn.

Compositions by Johann Sebastian Bach
Chamber music compositions
Dedication

Dedication can mean: the act of consecrating (making holy) a religious building such as a temple or church.

Dedication can also mean the writing at the beginning of a book or piece of music in which the author or composer says that it was written for a particular person. For example: a composer may write a piece of music for a particular musician and dedicate it to them.  An author may dedicate a book to someone they love or respect.  A book or a piece of music may be dedicated to the person who has paid them to write it.  This may be a rich person such as king.

Related pages
Consecration
Patronage

References 

Books
Music
Religious behavior and experience
Boomslang

A boomslang (Dispholidus typus)  is a large venomous snake found in sub-Saharan Africa. Its name means "tree snake" in Dutch and Afrikaans. It is a colubrid, the largest family of snakes, found on every continent except Antarctica.

Boomslangs eat small animals like chameleons, frogs, and birds, and they also eat eggs. Like all snakes, boomslangs do not chew  they swallow everything whole.

The venom of boomslangs can disrupt the clotting of blood, and this can kill a person. After a bite, one can sometimes feel a headache, nausea and sleepiness. This does not happen often, as boomslangs only bite humans when they feel attacked.

Its eyes are large in proportion to its head; they have binocular vision that helps them spot their prey. Its scientific name is Dispholidus typus. A boomslang is a slender snake with large eyes on a large blunt head. The snake can grow to up to 2 metres long, but is on average about 1 to 1.6 m in length.

References 

Venomous animals
Colubrids
Fire engine

A fire engine is a vehicle that is designed to help in fighting fires. A fire engine carries hoses, a pump, a water tank and breathing equipment. It will also have rescue equipment, such as ladders, ropes and cutting tools, and usually first aid kits as well. A fire engine brings firefighters to the scene from the fire station. It will also have sirens and flashing lights to warn traffic along the way.

In the Middle Ages, the only way to fight a fire was with buckets of water. In the 16th century, hand-powered pumps were invented. In the 19th century, the design of these pumps was improved, so that horses could wheel them to the scene. Later, steam power was used to turn both the pumps and the wheels. The first modern fire engine was invented in 1905 by Knox Automobile in Springfield, Massachusetts.

Special types of fire service vehicles include:
Ladder truck: Although a normal fire engine often carries a ladder, these trucks carry very high ladders with a basket on the end. These can be used for allowing water to be squirted from high up, to bring firefighters up to a high position, as an escape route for firefighters, and for rescuing other people.
In turn, there are different types of ladder truck. A turntable ladder has a long, straight ladder. An aerial ladder platform cannot reach as high, but its ladder can bend in the middle. A quint is a ladder truck that also has a pump.
Water tender: A truck for carrying water.
Heavy rescue vehicle: A vehicle that carries special rescue equipment that is not found in a normal fire engine.
Hazmat vehicle: A vehicle for dealing with dangerous chemicals.
Airport crash tender: A fire engine for use at airports, designed for responding to aircraft disasters.
Command unit: A large truck that acts as a base for senior firefighters during a big incident.

Firefighting
Springfield, Massachusetts
Ice cream sandwich

An ice cream sandwich is a type of frozen desert that is made by putting ice cream in between two cookies or pieces of cake (called "sandwiching"). It is often made with vanilla ice cream between two pieces of chocolate cake, but sometimes is made with other flavours instead.

Desserts
sandwich
Sandwiches
Mycenaean culture

The Mycenaean culture (~1600–1100BC) was an early Greek culture during the Bronze Age, on the Greek mainland and on Crete. 

The name Achaean was used by Homer to describe them, and occurs in the Iliad. The term we use is derived from Mycenae, which is an important archaeological site about 90 km from Athens. Other important Mycenaean sites are at Athens, Thebes, Tiryns and Pylos. The epic poems of Homer, the Iliad and the Odyssey, are Mycenaean in origin.

The earlier Minoans traded but did not conquer. The Mycenaeans traded and conquered.

The Mycenaean language 
Mycenaean  is the oldest  known form of the Greek language. It was spoken on the Greek mainland and on Crete in the Mycenaean period, 16th to 12th centuries BC. The language is written on clay tablets in a script called Linear B.  Most of these tablets were found in Knossos in central Crete, and in Pylos in the southwest of the Peloponnese.  Other tablets have been found at Mycenae itself, Tiryns and Thebes and at Chania in Western Crete. 
 
For a long time no-one could translate the tablets. At last, in 1952 Michael Ventris deciphered the script. He  showed that the language was an early form of Greek.

The texts on the tablets are mostly lists and inventories. There are no stories, myths or poetry, but they give us some idea of the people who made them.

By the late thirteenth century BC mainland Greece witnessed a wave of destruction. The Mycenaean sites declined, and the people moved to refuge settlements. This is the so-called Greek Dark Ages; little or no writing is found until the 8th century BC. See Ancient Greece for this and later periods.

Comparison with the Hittite language 
Old Hittite and Mycenaean Greek are both Indo-European languages. The oldest Hittite texts are slightly earlier than the earliest Mycenaean texts, but Greek is the oldest surviving Indo-European language.

Identity
The somewhat younger Linear B tablets suggest that the people called Mycenaeans might have been Achaeans. No written source found at a Mycenaean site reveals what they called themselves. In the Iliad, the residents of the Peloponnesus and nearby islands are often called Achaeans. There is mention of the Ahhiyawa in Hittite sources from the Late Bronze Age, which suggests itself that the Mycenaeans could possibly be Achaeans. The Tawagalawa Letter, written by an unnamed Hittite king (14th–13th century BC) to the king of Ahhiyawa, treats him as an equal. The letter suggests that Miletus (Millawanda) was under his control and refers to an earlier 'Wilusa' episode" involving hostility by Ahhiyawa. Ahhiya(wa) has been identified with the Achaeans of the Trojan War and the city of Wilusa with the legendary city of Troy. However the exact relationship of the term Ahhiyawa to the Achaeans is hotly debated by scholars, even after the discovery that Mycenaean Linear B is an early form of Greek. The written forms of the two languages are quite different.

References 

Ancient Greece
Manna

Manna, sometimes spelled mana, is the name of a food which, according to the Pentateuch of the Bible, the Israelites ate while they were traveling 40 years in the desert after leaving Egypt, which God provided because they had nothing to eat. Every morning they would gather the white flakes that covered the ground. It is said to have a sweet taste. When they got tired of manna, God gave them quail (bird).

Where did they come from?
Manna was called the "bread of heaven" because it seemed to come from Heaven, according to the Bible. Some suggest that they were a type of locust; some say that it was the sap of a tree which is known to satisfy hunger. In the Mishna, it is said that it was made during twilight of the sixth day of Creation.

References 

Foods
Old Testament
Phase change

A phase change is a change in the states of matter.  For example, a solid may become a liquid. This phase change is called melting.  When a solid changes into a gas, it is called sublimation. When a gas changes into a liquid, it is called condensation. When a liquid changes into a solid, it is called solidification. When a gas changes into a solid, it is called deposition . When a liquid changes into gas, it is called evaporation. Phase changes are usually caused by changes in temperature or pressure.

As the states of matter change from solid to liquid to gas, respectively, their composition changes as well. For example, in a solid, the bonds are stronger than hydrogen bonds. That allows the solid substance to have a definite volume and shape. However, when the heat is added to the solid and it melts to become a liquid, the bonds are considerably weaker, and in water, are simply hydrogen bonds.  A liquid has a definite volume but not a definite shape, and it thus takes the shape of the container in which it is. When more heat is added, the liquid substance evaporates and becomes a gas, which has no bonds at all. Gas is simply a formless collection of particles that tends to expand in all directions at the same time in order to occupy its full container. If a gas is not confined, the space between the particles will continue to increase. A gas has neither a definite volume nor a definite shape. 

In this pattern, solid to liquid to gas, heat is being added in order to provoke the phase change. In the other "direction," gas to liquid to solid, heat is being released through the phase change. 

It often helps to think of an ice cube when thinking of phase changes. An ice cube is a solid, and when heated up, it becomes liquid water. When heated up some more, it becomes water vapor, which is a gas.

Chemistry
Physics
Barn

A barn is a building found on a farm.  It is used for holding livestock, such as horses.  It can also be used to hold grain or tools.

Other websites

Agricultural buildings
Animal enclosures
Horace Mann

Horace Mann (1796-1859) was an educator and politician who helped set up the first public schools in the United States. He did this in the state of Massachusetts. Mann personally visited every school in the state to inspect it. He later became the first president of Antioch College in Ohio. “Our means of education,” he stated, “are the grand machinery by which the ‘raw material’ of human nature can be worked up into inventors and discoverers, into skilled artisans and scientific farmers.”

1796 births
1859 deaths
Learning
19th-century American politicians
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People

The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People or NAACP (pronounced N-double-A-C-P) is a civil rights organization in the United States, created for the advancement of black people by means of following judicial policies.

References 

American civil rights
Civil rights organizations
Non-profit organizations of the United States
1909 establishments in the United States
Kim Kyusik

Kim Kyu-sik (, 1881 - 1950) was a Korean politician, ambassador, poet, and academic.

He was the first and second Vice President of the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea. He was also minister of education and foreign affairs in the same government.

A nickname & a pen name is Usa (). 

He was a graduate of the American Roanoke College and also Princeton University. 

Kim Kyusik was born in Pusan. He was kidnapped to North Korea in 1950, where he was assassinated in Manpo the same year.

Related pages
 Rhee Syng-man
 Yun Chi-ho
 Yun Ch-Young
 Ahn Jae-Hong
 Philip Jaisohn
 Kim Gu
 Kim Won-bong
 Park Hon-Yong

1881 births
1950 deaths
Academics
Ambassadors
Anti-Communists
Assassinated people
Korean educators
Korean politicians
Korean poets
People from Busan
People of the Korean War
Princeton University alumni
Chang Myun

Chang Myun(, August 28, 1899 – June 4, 1966) was 2nd, 7th Prime Minister of South Korea, 4th Vice President of South Korea. His nickname was Unsuk (, hanja:雲石).

He was a special ambassador to the Vatican 1948. In 1949, United States Ambassador to South Korea, May 1950 2nd Prime Minister of South Korea. 1956 to 1960 4th Vice President of South Korea. Seventh Prime Minister in August 1960. On 16 May 1961, he was kicked out, By Park Chung hee's coup d'état.

Life 
Chang Myon was born in Incheon in 1899. He was born to a Catholic family. After graduating  high school, he was Studied depart in the United States. After returning, he worked as an educator. Dongseong High School teachers, Principal. Geseong Elementary School Principal.

August 15, 1945 Independence, he moved into politics. October 1948 was sent to UN, to represent of South Korea, after, December 1948 Special  Ambassador to the Vatican, Ambassador to the United States. Prime Minister of South Korea November 23, 1950 to April 23, 1952.

Related pages
 Rhee Syngman
 Kim Gu
 Yun Posun
 Yun Chi-ho
 Jang Jun-ha
 Park Chung-hee
 Park Soon-Chon
 Shin Ik-hee
 Heo Jeong

References 

 http://100.naver.com/100.nhn?docid=132789

Other websites 
 Unsyk ChangMyon Memorial site 
 Chang Myon:National Assembly of the Republic of Korea 

1899 births
1966 deaths
Anti-Communists
Korean educators
People from Incheon
People of the Korean War
Prime Ministers of South Korea
Vice Presidents of South Korea
Stomach cancer

Stomach cancer, or gastric cancer, is a kind of cancer from any part of the stomach. Stomach cancer causes about 800,000 deaths worldwide per year. The odds of survival are 5 to 15%. The life span of someone with stomach cancer is five to fifteen years. This is because this type of cancer can spread faster than other cancers. 

Most stomach cancer is caused by Helicobacter pylori infection. Diet foods are not proven causes, but some foods, such as smoked foods, salted fish and meat, and pickled vegetables are associated with a higher risk.

References

Cancer
Bembridge

Bembridge is a village on the Isle of Wight. It is the village which is farthest to the east on the island. According to the 2001 census of the United Kingdom it had a population of 3,848. The large population (for a village) means that some people have said that it has the biggest population of any village in the United Kingdom. Many of the most rich people who live on the Isle of Wight live in Bembridge.

History 

The villages of Bembridge and Yaverland were once a separate island, off the coast of the rest of the Isle of Wight. There was a channel of water called Brading Haven, which separated the two islands. Before the time in which Queen Victoria was the queen of the United Kingdom, the village of Bembridge only had a few huts and farm houses. It was only when a church was built in 1827 that the village started to grow.

Geography 

The most old buildings in the village are found close to the church in the north of the village. In this part of the village there are a number of shops, pubs (places to buy and drink alcohol), and restaurants (places to buy food). There is also the village hall (a place for meetings, sales and events).

In the south of the village there is an area which is called 'Lane End'. It is a more modern part of the village and has its own shops. In this part of the village there is a lifeboat station. There are two schools in Bembridge, one is for children of ages 4–8, and the other is for children of ages 9–13.

References 

Villages on the Isle of Wight
United States Secret Service

The United States Secret Service (which is often just called the Secret Service in the United States) is part of the United States government. Part of its job is to investigate when people make fake money. (Making fake money is called counterfeiting). However, the United States Secret Service is more well known for protecting important government leaders. Secret Service agents work as bodyguards and protect people like the President, Vice President, members of the United States Cabinet, people who are running for high office, and the family members of these people, and leaders from other countries who are visiting the United States. There are other people whom the Secret Service protects, too. A United States President would never be seen in public without Secret Service agents protecting him or her at all times.

It is often not easy to recognize Secret Service agents, because they often dress to blend in wherever they are. This means that they will often be dressed the same way as everybody else in a crowd.

They employ about a total of 5,000 people.

History 
The United States Secret Service was created in 1865 to stop counterfeiters. It did not start protecting the President until after President William McKinley was shot and killed in 1901. In 1902, President Theodore Roosevelt became the first President of the United States to be protected by Secret Service agents. Since then, every president has received Secret Service Protection. In 1981 when Ronald Reagan was shot, Timothy McCarthy became one of four Secret Service agents to take a bullet of a President.

The Secret Service used to be part of the Treasury Department, but is now part of the Department of Homeland Security.

Other websites 
Secretservice.gov: The official Secret Service website

References

Federal law enforcement agencies of the United States
The Grand Inquisitor

"The Grand Inquisitor" is a parable told by Ivan to Alyosha in Fyodor Dostoevsky's novel The Brothers Karamazov (1879-1880). Ivan and Alyosha are brothers; Ivan questions the possibility of a kind, caring God. If there is a kind God, Ivan argues, why do people suffer, especially children?

"The Grand Inquisitor" is an important part of the novel and one of the most famous parts of it because of its ideas about humans and Gods, and because of its mysteriousness.

Dostoevsky's notebooks show that he had the idea of "The Grand Inquisitor" after he saw it in a play by Friedrich Schiller, Don Carlos (1785-1787).

Other websites 

 Link to text of scene 

Books by Fyodor Dostoevsky
Parables
Matthew Shepard and James Byrd, Jr. Hate Crimes Prevention Act

The Matthew Shepard Act, officially called the Matthew Shepard and James Byrd, Jr. Hate Crimes Prevention Act, is an Act of Congress that was passed on October 22, 2009, and signed into law by President Barack Obama on October 28. The act adds crimes that are committed because of the victims gender, sexual orientation, gender identity or disability to the 1969 federal hate-crime law.

The Act is the first federal law that gives legal protection to people who are transgender.

The bill also:
 protects a victim even if they were not engaging in a federally-protected activity, such as voting or going to school;
 gives federal law enforcement a greater ability to look into possible hate crimes that local law enforcement decides not to;
 gives $5 million per year in funding for 2010 through 2012 to help both state and local governments pay for the investigation and prosecution of hate crimes; 
 makes the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) track how many hate crimes are committed against transgender persons

References 

United States federal legislation
LGBT in the United States
2009 in the United States
Pōhutukawa

The pōhutukawa (Metrosideros excelsa), also known as the New Zealand Christmas tree, New Zealand Christmas bush, and iron tree, is a tree native to New Zealand. It grows mainly on the coast of the North Island. It is evergreen and has bright red flowers. These flowers appear between November and January, during the Southern hemisphere summer. It is red and green during Christmas.

The Pōhutukawa is endangered, meaning that there are not many left. This is because possums eat the leaves of the trees, killing them. Project Crimson is a group trying to stop this happening.

Myrtaceae
Trees
North Island

The North Island is one of the two main islands of New Zealand. It is separated from the South Island by Cook Strait. The island is  in area, making it the world's 14th-largest island. It has a population of 3,287,600 (June 2009). Its Māori name is Te Ika a Māui.

Twelve cities are in the North Island. The biggest is Auckland, New Zealand's largest city. Wellington, the capital, is at the southern end of the island. About 76% of New Zealand's population live in the North Island.

Related pages
Battle of Kororāreka

References

Geography of New Zealand
Pacific islands
South Island

The South Island is the larger of the two major islands of New Zealand. It is separated from the North Island by Cook Strait. The South Island covers 151,215 square kilometres (58,384 sq mi) and has a temperate climate. It is also known by its Māori name, Te Wai Pounamu.

The South Island is sometimes called the "mainland", because it is 33% bigger than the North Island. Only 24% of New Zealand's population live in the South Island.

Geography of New Zealand
Pacific islands
New Zealand English

New Zealand English is the English spoken in New Zealand. The words are mostly the same as in British English, but are pronounced (spoken) differently. 

Some words are only found in New Zealand English. These include dairy (corner shop; small grocery shop), bach (small holiday house, usually by the beach), and heaps (lots of, i.e "I ate heaps of pavlova last Christmas"). 

New Zealand
Dialects of English
Cook Strait

Cook Strait is the body of water between the North and South Islands of New Zealand. It connects the Tasman Sea on the west with the South Pacific Ocean on the east.

The strait is named after James Cook, who was the first European commander to sail through it. The strait has an average depth of 128 metres (420 feet). The weather and tide patterns are often very strange there. The most common way to get across is by ferry.

Bodies of water of New Zealand
Tasman Sea

The Tasman Sea is the sea between Australia and New Zealand. It was named after Dutch explorer Abel Tasman. It is about 2000 kilometres (1250 miles) across, and 2800 km from north to south. The sea is part of the south Pacific Ocean. It is sometimes called The Ditch by Australians and New Zealanders.

Seas of the Pacific Ocean
Bodies of water of Oceania
Bodies of water of Australia
Geography of New Zealand
Bailiff

A bailiff  is a governor, a legal officer for the government. There are many different kinds of bailiffs, and they have different jobs. The word comes from the Latin word, baiulivus.

Medieval bailiffs

Great Britain
The word was first used in England for the king's officers, such as sheriffs and mayors. It was also  the title for the chief officer of a hundred. The sheriff looked after an area called his bailiwick. Bailiff is kept as a title by the chief magistrates of various towns and the keepers of royal castles, such as the High Bailiff of Westminster, and the Bailiff of Dover Castle. In a medieval manor, a bailiff was in charge of the farming.

Law occupations
Leeroy Jenkins

Leeroy Jenkins is the name of a player character who was in the game World of Warcraft, created by Ben Shultz. He made a video which was put onto Youtube, and it became very popular. He has become known and even has his own achievement on World of Warcraft for pretending to be him in the video. Leeroy’s name is often spelt wrong as Leroy Jenkins who is a real different person.

The video which made Leeroy so famous shows him and his friends, doing a friendly activity known as a Raid in World of Warcraft, but this activity is hard to do, so the leader of the group that Leeroy is with has to explain what to do. But Leeroy is not around for the explanation, preparing some chicken, and when he comes back, he ends up running in the area, shouting his own name as he goes, which begins the activity, and ruining the plan which his friends made. This causes everyone to panic, and no-one knows what to do, and so, everyone dies. Everyone blames Leeroy for this, and he says "At least I got chicken."

Leeroy has become very well known and his name is now used by people to show that they are running in but have no idea what to do. These people should be avoided, as they may cause you to die as well, as the video shows. Because of this, people now consider the video to be a lesson.

Other websites 
Leeroy Jenkins on YouTube

Blizzard Entertainment
Video game characters
Internet memes
Billy Corgan

William Patrick "Billy" Corgan, Jr. (born March 17, 1967) is an American singer and musicians. He is the singer and guitarist for the American band The Smashing Pumpkins. Corgan and James Iha formed the band in 1988.

References

1967 births
Living people
American guitarists
Singers from Illinois
Musicians from Illinois
American rock musicians
American bloggers
Dark Horse (album)

Dark Horse is the sixth studio album by Canadian rock band Nickelback. The album was released on November 18, 2008. Seven singles came from the album, including "Gotta Be Somebody", "If Today Was Your Last Day", "I'd Come for You", "Burn It to the Ground", and "Something in Your Mouth".

Track listing
 "Something in Your Mouth" – 3:38
 "Burn It to the Ground" – 3:47
 "Gotta Be Somebody" – 4:13
 "I'd Come for You" – 4:22
 "Next Go Round" – 3:45
 "Just to Get High" – 4:02
 "Never Gonna Be Alone" – 3:47
 " Shakin' Hands " – 3:39
 " S.E.X. " – 3:55
 " If Today Was Your Last Day " – 4:08
 " This Afternoon " – 3:34
 ""This Afternoon" (Original Performance Series)" - 4:26 (Wal-Mart Exclusive Bonus Track)

References

2008 albums
Rock albums
Duncan Keith

Duncan Keith (born July 16, 1983 in Winnipeg, Manitoba) is a Canadian professional ice hockey defencemen for the Chicago Blackhawks of the National Hockey League (NHL). He was picked by the Blackhawks with the fifty-fourth overall pick in the 2002 NHL Entry Draft. He played college hockey at the Michigan State University. 

He was chosen along with Brent Seabrook and Jonathan Toews to play for Team Canada in the 2010 Winter Olympics.

He won the Stanley Cup with the Chicago Blackhawks in 2010 and was also awarded the 2010 Norris Trophy. On June 24, 2013, He won his second Stanley Cup with the Blackhawks after they defeated the Boston Bruins 4 games to 2 in the 2013 Stanley Cup Finals.

References

Other websites 

1983 births
American Hockey League players
Canadian ice hockey defencemen
Canadian Olympic gold medalists
Chicago Blackhawks players
Ice hockey people from Manitoba
James Norris Memorial Trophy winners
Kelowna Rockets players
Living people
Sportspeople from Winnipeg
Stanley Cup champions
A minor

A minor (usually shortened to Am) is a minor scale based on A, which is made up of the pitches A, B, C, D, E, F, G, and A.  The harmonic minor scale raises the G to G. Its key signature has no sharps or flats (see below: Scales and keys).

Its relative major is C major, and its parallel major is A major. A scale in both A minor and C major can be played on a piano or other keyboard instrument using only the white keys.

Changes needed for the melodic and harmonic versions of the scale are written in with accidentals when needed.

Most of the time key signatures were cancelled whenever the new key signature had fewer sharps or flats than the old key signature, in modern popular music, this is only done when C major or A minor replace another key.

Well-known classical music in this key 

Violin Concerto in A minor BWV1041 - Johann Sebastian Bach
Piano Sonata in A minor, K. 310 - Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
Bagatelle in A minor "Für Elise" - Ludwig van Beethoven
Violin Sonata No. 4 Op.23 - Ludwig van Beethoven
String Quartet No. 15 Op.132  - Ludwig van Beethoven
Caprice No. 24 (Paganini) - Niccolo Paganini
Prelude #2 in A minor, Op. 28 #2 - Frédéric Chopin
Piano Concerto in A Minor, Op. 54 - Robert Schumann
Variations on a Theme by Paganini, Op. 35 - Johannes Brahms
Piano Concerto in A Minor, Op. 16 - Edvard Grieg
Oboe Concerto in A Minor - Ralph Vaughan Williams
Symphony No. 6 - Gustav Mahler
Symphony No. 4 - Jean Sibelius
Rhapsody on a Theme by Paganini - Sergei Rachmaninoff

References 

Minor scales
You, Me and Dupree

You, Me and Dupree is a 2006 American comedy movie. It was produced by Mary Parent, Scott Stuber and Owen Wilson. It was directed by Anthony Russo and Joe Russo.

The movie is about newlyweds Carl and Molly Peterson (played by Matt Dillon and Kate Hudson). After Carl's best man and friend Randolph Dupree (Owen Wilson) loses his job and apartment, the couple allow him to move in. Dupree overstays his welcome.

Cast 
 Owen Wilson as Randolph "Randy" Dupree
 Matt Dillon as Carl Peterson
 Kate Hudson as Molly Thompson Peterson
 Michael Douglas as Bob Thompson
 Seth Rogen as Neil
 Amanda Detmer as Annie
 Ralph Ting as Toshi
 Todd Stashwick as Tony
 Bill Hader as Mark
 Lance Armstrong as himself

Release dates

Other websites
You, Me and Dupree's official website 

2004 comedy movies
American comedy movies
English-language movies
Movies about weddings
Universal Pictures movies
Butters' Bottom Bitch

"Butters' Bottom Bitch" is the ninth episode of the thirteenth season of South Park. It first started on the Comedy Central in the United States on October 16, 2009.

In this episode, Butters pays a girl $5 to kiss him on the playground.   He decides to start a business, a "kissing company." This is a parody of prostitution with Butters as a pimp.  Police officers hear about Butters' company and think it is a real prostitution ring.  Sergeant Yates disguises himself as a female prostitute to find out.

References

Other websites
Episode's official page 

2009 television episodes
South Park episodes
Works about prostitution
Eazy-E

Eric Lynn Wright (September 7, 1963 – March 26, 1995), better known by his stage name Eazy-E, was an American rapper and actor. He was born in Compton, California. He rose to fame with the Rap group N.W.A. and is one of the founders of the "Gangsta rap" subgenre. He usually rapped about guns, drugs, relations between residents and the police, and sexual activity. He was known as the "Godfather of Gangsta Rap".

In 1987, he founded Ruthless Records.

On March 26, 1995, Eazy-E died of AIDS-related pneumonia.

He was buried at Rose Hills Memorial Park in Whittier, California.

Discography 

During his career, Eazy-E released 2 studio albums and 3 EPs:

(*) albums or EPs were released posthumously (after death)

References

Other websites 
  Official website
 Eazy-E's find-a-grave page

1964 births
1995 deaths
African American musicians
Rap musicians from California
Criminals from California
Deaths from AIDS
Drug dealers
Infectious disease deaths in Los Angeles
People from Compton, California
Singers from Los Angeles County, California
Actors
Deaths from pneumonia
Tyranni

Tyranni is a suborder of passerine birds. They are also known as the suboscines. There are about 1,000 species in this suborder. Most of them live in South America.

These birds are different to the passeri (songbirds) because they have a different syrinx. This is part of the bird's voice box which makes bird song. Scientists have also done studies on DNA and fossils to show that the tyranni suborder is different to the passeri suborder.

Taxonomy
The tyranni suborder can be split into three infraorders: Acanthisittides, Eurylaimides, and Tyrannide.

The first group, the Acanthisittidae, are also known as the New Zealand "wrens". At the moment, scientists are unsure whether they should belong to the tyranni or not. Some scientists think they are too different and they should be in their own suborder.

The Eurylaimides contains two superfamilies: the Eurylaimoidea and the Pittoidea. The Euryaimoidea contains three families. They are also known as the Old World suboscines. Most of them live in tropical places around the Indian Ocean. One species, the Broad-billed Sapayoa, lives in the Americas. The three families are:
 Superfamily: Eurylaimoidea
 Eurylaimidae: broadbills
 Philepittidae: asities
 Sapayoidae: Broad-billed Sapayoa
 Superfamily: Pittoidea
 Pittidae: pittas

The Tyrannides contain all sub-oscine birds from the Americas, except the Broad-billed Sapayoa:
 Furnariidae: ovenbirds and woodcreepers
 Thamnophilidae: antbirds
 Formicariidae: antpittas and antthrushes
 Rhinocryptidae: tapaculos
 Conopophagidae: gnateaters and gnatpittas
 Tyrannidae: tyrant-flycatchers
 Tityridae: tityras and allies
 Cotingidae: cotingas
 Pipridae: manakins

Footnotes