September 7



Events

Up to 1900 
 70  A Roman army under Titus occupies and plunders Jerusalem.
 878  King Louis II of France is crowned by Pope John VIII.
 1159  Pope Alexander II is chosen.
 1191  Third Crusade: Battle of Asruf - Richard I of England defeats Saladin at Asruf.
 1228  Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor lands at Acre, Palestine, starting the Sixth Crusade.
 1533  Future-Queen Elizabeth I of England is born, as the daughter of Anne Boleyn and Henry VIII of England, who had expected a male heir to the throne.
 1571  Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk is arrested for his role in the Ridolf plot to assassinate Elizabeth I of England and replace her on the throne with Mary, Queen of Scots.
 1706  War of the Spanish Succession: Siege of Turin ends, leading to a French withdrawal from Italy.
 1764  Election of Stanislaw August Poniatowski as the last ruler of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.
 1776  World's first submarine attack. The American submarine Turtle tried to put a time bomb on the hull of British Admiral Richard Howe's flagship Eagle in New York Harbor.
 1778  American Revolutionary War: France invades Dominica in the British West Indies, before Britain is even aware of France's involvement in the war, on the US' side.
 1812  Napoleonic Wars: Napoleon defeated the Russian army of Alexander I near the village of Borodino.
 1818  Carl III of Sweden-Norway became king of Norway, in Trondheim.
 1822  Brazil becomes independent from Portugal.
 1837  French explorer Jules Dumont D'Urville starts his expedition to Antarctica.
 1853  German explorer Heinrich Barth enters Timbuktu.
 1860  Unification of Italy: Giuseppe Garibaldi enters Naples.
 1864  American Civil War: Atlanta, Georgia is evacuated on orders of Union General William Tecumseh Sherman.
 1876  In Northfield, Minnesota, Jesse James and the James Younger-Gang attempt to rob the town's bank, but are driven off by armed citizens.
 1895  The first game of what later becomes rugby league football is played in England.

1901  1950 
 1901  The Boxer Rebellion in China ends with the signing of the Peking Protocol.
 1906  Alberto Santos-Dumont flies his 14-bis aircraft at Bagatelle, France successfully.
 1907  The Cunard Line's RMS Lusitania sets sail on her first voyage from Liverpool in the UK to New York City in the US.
 1909  Eugène Lefebvre crashes a new French-built Wright biplane during a test flight at Juvisy, south of Paris, and dies as a result. He becomes the first 'pilot' in the world to lose his life in a powered heavier-than-air flight.
 1911  French poet Guillaume Apollinaire is arrested and put in jail. It was believed that he took the Mona Lisa from the Louvre museum. He is later found to be innocent.
 1921  In Atlantic City, New Jersey, the first Miss America beauty pageant is held.
 1922  In Aydin, Turkey, independence from Greek occupation is declared.
 1922  The Bank of Latvia is founded.
 1927  The first fully electronic television system is achieved by Philo T. Farnsworth.
 1929  Finnish passenger steamer Kuru sinks, killing 136 people.
 1932  Chaco War between Paraguay and Bolivia: Start of the Battle of Boquerón.
 1936  The last-surviving member of the thylacine species dies in the Hobart Zoo, Hobart, Tasmania.
 1940  World War II: The Blitz – Nazi Germany begins to bomb London. This will be the first of 57 nights of bombing.
 1940  Treaty of Craiova: Romania loses Southern Dobrudja to Bulgaria.
 1942  World War II: Australian and American forces inflict a significant defeat on Japan at the Battle of Milne Bay.
 1943  A fire at the Gulf Hotel in Houston, Texas kills 55 people.
 1945  World War II: Japanese forces on Wake Island, which they had held since 1941, surrender to US Marines.
 1949  The German Bundestag, parliament of West Germany and later the whole of Germany, meets for the first time. So does the Bundesrat, whose leader Karl Arnold is the first acting President of the Federal Republic.

1951  2000 
 1953  Nikita Khrushchev becomes head of the Soviet Central Committee.
 1953  Mohammed Daoud Khan becomes Premier of Afghanistan.
 1955  Floods in India make around 45 million people homeless. It is not known how many people died.
 1963  The Pro Football Hall of Fame opens in Canton, Ohio.
 1965  Vietnam War: In a follow-up to August's Operation Starlight, United States Marines and South Vietnamese forces initiate Operation Pirahna on the Batangan Peninsula.
 1970  An anti-war rally is held at Valley Forge, Pennsylvania, attended by John Kerry, Jane Fonda and Donald Sutherland.
 1977  The Torrijos-Carter Treaties between Panama and the United States on the status of the Panama Canal are signed. The US agrees to transfer control of the canal to Panama at the end of the 20th century.
 1978  While walking across Waterloo Bridge in London, Bulgarian dissident Georgi Markov is targeted by Bulgarian secret police agent Francesco Giullino by means of a ricin pellet fired from a specially-designed umbrella. He dies as a result of the attack four days later.
 1979  The Entertainment and Sports Programming Network (ESPN) makes its debut.
 1986  Desmond Tutu becomes the first black to lead the Anglican Church in South Africa.
 1986  Chilean leader Augusto Pinochet escapes an assassination attempt.
 1987  East German leader Erich Honecker visits West Germany.
 1996  In Las Vegas, Nevada, actor and rapper Tupac Shakur is shot several times after attending a boxing match.
 1998  Google Inc. is founded.
 1999  A major earthquake close to Athens, Greece results to the collapse of few buildings in the area. About 150 people are killed.

From 2001 
 2004  The Serbian government backs a decision by Ljiljana Colic to require the teaching of both creationism and evolution in schools.
 2004  Hurricane Ivan hits Grenada, killing 39 people.
 2005  Egypt holds its first multi-party election.
 2008  The US Government takes over the mortgage financial companies Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac.
 2011  A plane carrying the Russian Lokomotiv Yaroslavl ice hockey team crashes shortly after take-off, killing 43 of the 45 people on board, with one, Alexander Galimov, dying five days later. Some of Europe's leading ice hockey players are among those killed in the crash, as only the flight engineer, Alexander Sizov, survives.
 2012  Several earthquakes strike southern China, with at least 80 people being killed.
 2012  Canada breaks off diplomatic relations with Iran over its stance on the political crisis in Syria.
 2013  The Liberal Party of Australia-led coaltion, under leadership of Tony Abbott, defeats Kevin Rudd's Australian Labor Party in Australia's general election.
 2013  Tokyo wins the right to host the 2020 Summer Olympics.
 2017  The 2017 Chiapas earthquake strikes in Mexico.
 2019  Bianca Andreescu becomes the first tennis player born in the 2000s to win a Grand Slam singles title, winning the Women's Final at the US Open against Serena Williams.

Births

Up to 1900 
 786  Emperor Saga of Japan (d. 842)
 1388  Gian Maria Visconti, Duke of Milan (d. 1412)
 1438  Louis II, Landgrave of Lower Hesse (d. 1471)
 1492  Jacob Acontius, Italian humanist, philosopher, jurist and engineer (d. 1567)
 1524  Thomas Erastus, Swiss physician and theologian (d. 1583)
 1533  Elizabeth I, Queen of England (d. 1603)
 1641  Tokugawa Ietsuna, Japanese shogun (d. 1680)
 1674  Ernest Augustus, Duke of York and Albany (d. 1728)
 1683  Mary Anne of Austria, Queen of Portugal (d. 1754)
 1694  Johan Ludvig, Danish politician (d. 1763)
 1707  Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon, French naturalist, biologist and writer (d. 1788)
 1726  Francois-André Danican Philidor, French chess player and composer (d. 1795)
 1731  Elisabetta de Gambarini, English composer, singer, organist and harpsichordist (d. 1765)
 1740  Johan Tobias Sergel, Swedish sculptor (d. 1814)
 1795  John Polidori, English writer (d. 1821)
 1807  Henry Sewell, 1st Prime Minister of New Zealand (d. 1879)
 1810  Hermann Heinrich Gossen, Prussian economist (d. 1858)
 1813  Emil Korytko, Polish political activist and translator (d. 1839)
 1815  John McDouall Stuart, Scottish-Australian explorer (d. 1866)
 1815  Howell Cobb, American politician, Governor of Georgia (d. 1868)
 1817  Louise of Hesse-Kassel (d. 1898)
 1818  Thomas Talbot, 31st Governor of Massachusetts (d. 1886)
 1819  Thomas A. Hendricks, 21st Vice President of the United States and 16th Governor of Indiana (d. 1885)
 1829  Friedrich August Kekulé von Stradonitz, German chemist and naturalist (d. 1896)
 1831  Alexandre Falguiere, French sculptor and painter (d. 1900)
 1836  Henry Campbell-Bannerman, Scottish Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1908)
 1842  Johannes Zukertort, German chess player (d. 1888)
 1859  Juan Campisteguy, President of Uruguay (d. 1937)
 1860  Grandma Moses, American painter (d. 1961)
 1866  Tristan Bernard, French playwright and novelist (d. 1947)
 1867  J. P. Morgan, American banker (d. 1943)
 1869  Ben Viljoen, South African general (d. 1917)
 1870  Aleksandr Kuprin, Russian writer and adventurer (d. 1938)
 1870  Thomas Curtis, American athlete (d. 1964)
 1876  Francesco Buhagiar, 2nd Prime Minister of Malta (d. 1934)
 1876  C. J. Dennis, Australian poet (d. 1938)
 1885  Elinor Wylie, American poet and novelist (d. 1928)
 1887  Edith Sitwell, English poet and critic (d. 1964)
 1894  Vic Richardson, Australian cricketer, footballer and sportscaster (d. 1969)
 1894  Gala Dali, wife of Salvador Dalí (d. 1982)
 1895  Jacques Vaché, French writer (d. 1919)
 1898  Mamie Rearden, American supercentenarian (d. 2013)
 1900  Taylor Caldwell, American novelist (d. 1985)
 1900  Giuseppe Zangara, Italian attempted-assassin of Franklin D. Roosevelt (d. 1945)

1901  1950 
 1908  Michael E. DeBakey, American heart surgeon (d. 2008)
 1908  Max Kaminsky, American trumpeter and bandleader (d. 1994)
 1909  Elia Kazan, Greek-born American movie and theatre director (d. 2003)
 1911  Todor Zhivkov, Bulgarian Communist political leader (d. 1998)
 1912  Henry Packard, American businessman (d. 1996)
 1913  Anthony Quayle, British actor and director (d. 1989)
 1914  James Van Allen, American scientist (d. 2006)
 1915  Kiyoshi Ito, Japanese mathematician (d. 2008)
 1917  John Cornforth, Australian chemist (d. 2013)
 1918  Jorge Illueca, 38th President of Panama (d. 2012)
 1921  Peter A. Peyser, American politician (d. 2014)
 1923  Louise Suggs, American golfer (d. 2015)
 1923  Peter Lawford, British-American actor (d. 1984)
 1924  Daniel Inouye, Hawaiian United States Senator (d. 2012)
 1925  Laura Ashley, Welsh designer (d. 1985)
 1925  Allan Blakeney, Canadian politician (d. 2011)
 1926  Erich Juskowiak, German footballer (d. 1983)
 1926  Don Messick, American voice actor (d. 1997)
 1926  Ronnie Gilbert, American folk singer, songwriter, actress and activist (d. 2014)
 1926  Samuel Goldwyn, Jr., American film producer (d. 2015)
 1926  Patrick Jenkin, English politician
 1927  Eric Hill, English author and illustrator (d. 2014)
 1929  Bobby Johnstone, Scottish footballer (d. 2001)
 1930  Sonny Rollins, American jazz musician
 1930  Baudouin I, King of Belgium (d. 1993)
 1931  Charles Camilleri, Maltese composer (d. 2009)
 1931  Bruce Reynolds, British train robber (d. 2013)
 1934  Sunil Gangopadhyay, Indian author and poet (d. 2012)
 1934  Omar Karami, former Prime Minister of Lebanon (d. 2015)
 1935  Alan Steel, Italian bodybuilder and actor (d. 2015)
 1935  Abdou Diouf, 2nd President of Senegal
 1935  Pedro Manfredini, Argentine footballer
 1936  Buddy Holly, American singer (d. 1959)
 1937  Oleg Lobov, Russian politician
 1937  Olly Wilson, American pianist, bassist and composer
 1939  Stanislav Petrov, Soviet-Russian lieutenant colonel (d. 2017)
 1940  Abdurrahman Wahid, 4th President of Indonesia (d. 2009)
 1940  Dario Argento, Italian movie director and screenwriter
 1944  Bora Milutinovic, Serbian footballer and coach
 1945  Jacques Lemaire, Canadian ice hockey player and coach
 1946  Francisco Varela, Chilean biologist and philosopher (d. 2001)
 1949  Barry Siegel, American journalist
 1949  Gloria Gaynor, American singer
 1950  Julie Kavner, American voice actress

1951  1975 
 1951  Chrissie Hynde, American guitarist and singer
 1952  Des Bremner, Scottish footballer
 1954  Michael Emerson, American actor
 1954  Corbin Bernsen, American actor
 1955  Efim Zelmanov, Russian mathematician
 1956  Diane Warren, American composer
 1957  Jermaine Stewart, American singer (Culture Club) (d. 1997)
 1957  Alok Sharma, Indian-English politician
 1958  Goran Hadzic, Serbian politician (d. 2016)
 1959  Alfred Gislason, Icelandic handball coach
 1959  Ray Stewart, Scottish footballer 
 1960  Brad Houser, American bass guitarist, baritone saxophone and bass clarinet player
 1960  Phillip Rhee, American actor, martial artist, director and producer
 1961  Jean-Yves Thibaudet, French pianist
 1962  Jennifer Egan, American author
 1962  Hasan Vezir, Turkish footballer and manager
 1963  Eazy-E, American rapper (d. 1995)
 1964  Andy Hug, Swiss martial artist and kickboxer (d. 2000)
 1965  Darko Pancev, Macedonian footballer
 1965  Andreas Thom, German footballer
 1968  Marcel Desailly, French footballer
 1969  Diane Farr, American actress
 1969  Angie Everhart, American actress
 1972  Slug, American rapper
 1972  Simon Nash, English voice actor
 1973  Shannon Elizabeth, American actress and poker player
 1974  Mario Frick, Liechtenstein footballer
 1974  Stéphane Henchoz, Swiss footballer
 1975  Norifumi Abe, Japanese motorcycle racer (d. 2007)
 1975  Harold Wallace, Costa Rican footballer

From 1976 
 1978  Erwin Koen, Dutch footballer
 1980  Javad Nekounam, Iranian footballer
 1980  Emre Belozoglu, Turkish footballer
 1980  Gabriel Milito, Argentine footballer
 1981  Natalie McGarry, Scottish politician
 1983  Piri Weepu, New Zealand rugby player
 1983  Mehmet Topuz, Turkish footballer
 1984  Ben Hollingsworth, Canadian actor
 1984  Farveez Maharoof, Sri Lankan cricketer
 1984  Vera Zvonareva, Russian tennis player
 1985  Rafinha, Brazilian footballer
 1987  Evan Rachel Wood, American actress
 1987  Robert Snodgrass, Scottish footballer
 1988  Kevin Love, American basketball player
 1990  Tanja Kolbe, German ice dancer
 1990  Alex Harvey, Canadian cross-country skier
 1991  Jennifer Veal, English actress and comedienne
 1991  Amar Garibovic, Serbian skier (d. 2010)
 1992  Kristina Vaculik, Canadian gymnast
 1994  Elinor Barker, Welsh cyclist
 1994  Kento Yamazaki, Japanese actor and model
 1995  Sahaj Grover, Indian chess player
 1999  Michelle Creber, Canadian actress, singer, and dancer
 1999  Cameron Ocasio, American actor

Deaths

Up to 1900 
 251  Sima Yi, Chinese strategist, general and politician
 355  Claudius Silvanus, Roman usurper
 1134  King Alfonso I of Aragon
 1151  Geoffrey Plantagenet, Count of Anjou (b. 1113)
 1312  Ferdinand IV of Castile (b. 1285)
 1464  Frederick II, Elector of Saxony (b. 1412)
 1496  King Ferdinand II of Naples (b. 1469)
 1539  Guru Nanak Dev, Indian religious leader, founder of Sikhism (b. 1469)
 1548  Catherine Parr, sixth wife of Henry VIII of England
 1552  Guru Angad Dev, 2nd Sikh Guru (b. 1504)
 1573  Joanna of Austria, Regent of Spain (b. 1535)
 1632  Emperor Susenyos of Ethiopia (b. 1572)
 1644  Guido Bentivoglio, Italian statesman (b. 1579)
 1657  Arvid Wittenberg, Swedish count, field marshal and privy councillor (b. 1606)
 1685  William Carpenter, English-American settler, co-founder of Rhode Island (b. 1605)
 1708  Emperor Tekle Haymanot I of Ethiopia (b. 1706)
 1731  Eudoxia Lopukhina, Russian wife of Peter the Great (b. 1669)
 1741  Blas de Lezo, Spanish admiral (b. 1689)
 1783  Leonhard Euler, Swiss mathematician and physicist (b. 1707)
 1799  Louis Guillaume Lemonnier, French botanist (b. 1717)
 1809  Buddha Yodfa Chulaloke, King of Thailand (b. 1737)
 1809  Caroline Schelling, German writer and translator (b. 1763)
 1833  Hannah More, English poet, playwright and philanthropist (b. 1745)
 1871  Kimenzan Tanigoro, Japanese sumo wrestler (b. 1826)
 1881  Sidney Lanier, American poet and academic (b. 1842)
 1891  Lorenzo Sawyer, American lawyer and judge (b. 1820)
 1892  John Greenleaf Whittier, American poet (b. 1807)
 1893  Hamilton Fish, United States Secretary of State (b. 1808)

1901  1950 
 1902  Enrique Gaspar y Rimbau, Spanish writer and diplomat (b. 1842)
 1909  Eugene Lefebvre, French aviator (b. 1878)
 1910  William Holman Hunt, English painter (b. 1827)
 1920  Simon Napoleon Parent, 12th Premier of Quebec (b. 1855)
 1951  Maria Montez, Dominican actress (b. 1912)
 1953  Nobuyuki Abe, Prime Minister of Japan (b. 1875)
 1956  C. B. Fry, English cricketer, politician and academic (b. 1872)
 1959  Maurice Duplessis, Quebec politician (b. 1890)
 1960  Wilhelm Pieck, East German politician (b. 1876)
 1961  Pieter Sjoerds Gerbrandy, Dutch lawyer, jurist and politician (b. 1885)
 1962  Eiji Yoshikawa, Japanese novelist (b. 1892)
 1962  Kirsten Flagstad, Norwegian singer (b. 1895)
 1962  Karen Blixen, Danish writer (b. 1885)
 1969  Everett Dirksen, American politician (b. 1896)
 1978  Keith Moon, English drummer (The Who) (b. 1946)
 1989  Mikhail Goldstein, Soviet violinist and composer (b. 1917)
 1994  Dennis Morgan, American actor (b. 1908)
 1994  Terence Young, American director and screenwriter (b. 1915)
 1998  Mobutu Sese Seko, leader of Zaire (b. 1930)

From 2001 
 2001  Spede Pasanen, Finnish television personality (b. 1930)
 2002  Erma Franklin, American singer (b. 1938)
 2004  Bob Boyd, American baseball player (b. 1925)
 2007  John Compton, Prime Minister of Saint Lucia (b. 1925)
 2010  Amar Garibovic, Serbian skier (b. 1991)
 2011  Victims of the Lokomotiv Yaroslavl plane crash, including:
Pavol Demitra, Slovakian ice hockey player (b. 1974)
Stefan Liv, Polish-born Swedish ice hockey player (b. 1980)
Karel Rachunek, Czech ice hockey player (b. 1979)
Ruslan Salei, Belarusian ice hockey player (b. 1974)
Karlis Skrastins, Latvian ice hockey player (b. 1974)
Jan Marek, Czech ice hockey player (b. 1979)
Brad McCrimmon, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (b. 1959)
Robert Dietrich, German ice hockey player (b. 1986)
Sergei Ostapchuk, Belarusian ice hockey player (b. 1990)
Alexander Karpovtsev, Russian ice hockey player and coach (b. 1970)
Josef Vasicek, Czech ice hockey player (b. 1980)
Igor Korolev, Russian-Canadian ice hockey player (d. 1970)
 2012  Leszek Drogosz, Polish boxer and actor (b. 1933)
 2013  Marek Spilar, Slovakian footballer (b. 1975)
 2014  Kwon Ri-se, South Korean singer (b. 1991)
 2014  Fanny Godin, Belgian supercentenarian (b. 1902)
 2014  Raul M. Gonzalez, Filipino teacher and politician (b. 1930)
 2014  Don Keefer, American actor (b. 1916)
 2014  Harold Shipp, Canadian businessman (b. 1926)
 2014  Harry Evans, Australian public servant (b. 1946)
 2014  Elsa-Marianne von Rosen, Swedish ballet dancer, choreographer and actress (b. 1924)
 2015  Candida Royalle, American pornographic actress (b. 1950)
 2015  Susan Allen, American harpist (b. 1951)
 2017  Jeremiah Goodman, American illustrator (b. 1922)
 2017  Kim Ki-duk, South Korean film director and producer (b. 1934)
 2017  Gene Michael, American baseball player (b. 1938)
 2018  Samuel Bodman, American politician (b. 1938)
 2018  Mac Miller, American rapper (b. 1992)
 2018  Yang Side, Chinese general (b. 1921)
 2018  Kurt Helmudt, Danish rower (b. 1943)
 2018  Ingemar Mundebo, Swedish politician (b. 1930)
 2018  Szarlota Pawel, Polish comic book artist (b. 1947)
 2019  Robert Axelrod, American actor (b. 1949)
 2019  Roger Boutry, French composer and conductor (b. 1932)
 2019  Al Carmichael, American football player and stuntman (b. 1928)
 2019  Naiyyum Choudhury, Bangladeshi biochemist (b. 1946)
 2019  Peter Nichols, British playwright (b. 1927)
 2019  Charlie Silvera, American baseball player (b. 1924)
 2019  John Wesley, American actor (b. 1947)

Observances 
 National Day of Brazil
 National Threatened Species Day (Australia)
 Victory Day (Mozambique)

September 07