cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Ritual purification

Ritual purification is the ritual prescribed by a religion by which a person is considered to be free of uncleanliness. Many religgions require that those worshipping should be in this state.Ritual purity is a state of ritual cleanliness. Ritual purification may also apply to objects and places. Ritual uncleanliness is not identical with ordinary physical impurity, such as dirt stains; nevertheless, body fluids are generally considered ritually unclean.

Most of these rituals existed long before the germ theory of disease, and figure prominently from the earliest known religious systems of the Ancient Near East. Some writers connect the rituals to taboos.

Some have seen benefits of these practices for health and preventing infections especially in areas where humans come in close contact with each other.  While these practices came before the idea of the germ theory was public in areas that use daily cleaning, the destruction of infectious agents seems to be dramatic. Others have described a 'dimension of purity' that is universal in religions that seeks to move us away from disgust, (at one extreme) and to uplift us towards purity and divinity (at the other extreme). Away from uncleanliness to purity, and away from deviant to moral behavior, (within one's cultural context).

References 

Health
Religion
Monolatry

Monolatry (Greek: μόνος [monos] = single, and λατρεία [latreia] = worship) is belief that many gods exist, but that only one of them is worshipped. The term "monolatry" was perhaps first used by Julius Wellhausen.

Monolatry is different from monotheism, which asserts there is only one god, and henotheism, a religious system in which the believer worships one god without denying that others may worship different gods with equal validity.

References 

Religion
Hang (instrument)

The Hang (; plural form: Hanghang) is a musical instrument. It is in the  idiophone class. It was created by Felix Rohner and Sabina Schärer in Bern, Switzerland. The Hang is sometimes called hang drum, but the people who made the hang think that this is wrong and that people should not call it that.

References

Musical instruments
Mendenhall Springs, California

Mendenhall Springs is an unincorporated community in Alameda County, California. It is 554 m above sea level, and lies 14 km southeast of Livermore.

Unincorporated communities in California
Settlements in Alameda County, California
Kino

Kino (, ) was a Soviet rock band formed in Leningrad in 1982.
The band was co-founded and headed by Viktor Tsoi, who wrote the music and lyrics for almost all of the band's songs. Kino released over 90 songs, several studio albums, and a few live albums. Their music was widely recorded illegally. After the Soviet Union became more open, Kino became popular around the world. In 1989, they had a small concert in New York City. They also became very popular in Russia. Their album Gruppa Krovi was called one of the best works of Russian music. Viktor Tsoi died in a car accident in 1990. After releasing an album of the songs they were working on before Tsoi's death, Kino broke up. In 2012, on Tsoi's fiftieth birthday, the band reunited to record a song called 'Ataman'. This song would have been in their last album, but the only recording of it that they had was bad.

Band members
 Viktor Tsoi – lead vocals, guitar, bass (1981–1990; died 1990)
 Aleksei Rybin – guitar (1981–1983)
 Oleg Valinsky – drums (1981–1982)
 Mikhail Vasilev – drum machine (1982–1983)
 Yuri Kasparyan (Юрий Каспарян) – lead guitar (1983–1990)
 leksandr Titov – bass, percussion (1983–1986)
 Aleksei Vishnia – drum machine (1985–1986)
 Georgiy Guryanov (Георгий Гурьянов) – drums, percussion (1986–1990; died 2013)
 Igor Tikhomirov (Игорь Тихомиров) – bass (1986–1990)

Discography

Studio albums

Compilations and demos

Live albums

References

Other websites

Russian music on the Net: Kino, English translations of the lyrics
 

Musical groups established in 1982
Musical groups disestablished in 1990
Russian musical groups
Rock bands
Viktor Tsoi

Viktor Robertovich Tsoi (; 21 June 1962 – 15 August 1990) was a Soviet singer and songwriter. He co-founded Kino, one of the most popular bands in Russia at its time.

Life 
Tsoi was born and raised in Leningrad. He started writing songs when he was a teenager. He made lots of music - ten albums in total. After Kino was in the 1987 Soviet film Assa, it became very popular. This lead to Tsoi having a leading role in the Kazakh new wave art film The Needle. 

In 1990, after their large concert at the Luzhniki Stadium. Tsoi moved to Latvia with another member of Kino, Yuri Kasparyan to work on Kino's next album. Two months after the concert in the Luzhniki Stadium, Tsoi died in a car crash. Tsoi and his music are still widely popular.

References

Other websites

 
 Viktor Tsoi's 50th Birthday Google Doodle

1962 births
1990 deaths
Musicians by genre
Rock musicians
Soviet musicians
Korean musicians
Russian musicians
Rowlatt Act

The Anarchical and Revolutionary Crimes of 1919 (popularly known as the Rowlatt Act) was a law passed in 1919 by British India. Under this law, the government got many powers, including the ability to arrest people and keep them in prisons without a trial. They also obtained the power to stop newspapers from reporting and printing news. The people called this act the Black Act. Indians protested against this law in many places. Fortunately this act was stopped by an Indian freedom fighter Mahatma Gandhi.

British India
Frank H. T. Rhodes

Frank Harold Trevor Rhodes (October 29, 1926 – February 3, 2020) was a British-American academic. He was the ninth president of Cornell University from 1977 to 1995. Rhodes was born in Warwickshire, England. Rhodes taught geology at the University of Durham between 1951 and 1954.

He was appointed as a member of the National Science Board under President Ronald Reagan, and as a member of the President's Educational Policy Advisory Committee by President George H.W. Bush. Between 1984 and 2002 Rhodes was on the Board of Directors of General Electric.

Rhodes died on February 3, 2020 in Bonita Springs, Florida at the age of 93.

References

1926 births
2020 deaths
American geologists
British geologists
British academics
American academics
People from Warwickshire
Naturalized citizens of the United States
Volker David Kirchner

Volker David Kirchner (25 June 1942 – 4 February 2020) was a German composer and violist. He worked for many years as a violist in the hr-Sinfonieorchester in Frankfurt, and for two years as a composer of incidental music at the Hessisches Staatstheater Wiesbaden. 

Kirchner died on 4 February 2020 in Wiesbaden at the age of 77.

References

1942 births
2020 deaths
German composers
German musicians
Violinists
Diran

Diran is a  mountain in the Karakoram range, in Pakistan. It is the 93rd highest mountain in the world.

The first people to reach the top were Rainer Goeschl, Rudolph Pischinger and Hanns Schell, in 1968. While it is not thought to be hard to climb, it is dangerous as avalanches are common.

References 

Mountains of Pakistan
Gilgit-Baltistan
Karakoram
Philip K. Chapman

Philip Kenyon Chapman (5 March 1935 – 5 April 2021) was an Australian-American astronaut. He was the first Australian-born astronaut.

Chapman served with the Royal Australian Air Force Reserve from 1953 to 1955. He learnt to fly (in a Tiger Moth) during Australian national service. In 1956, he earned a B.S. in physics and mathematics from the University of Sydney.

From 1956 to 1957, he worked for Philips Electronics Industries Proprietary Limited in Sydney, New South Wales. He then spent 15 months at Antarctica's Mawson Station with the Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions (ANARE). He worked as a physicist at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in the United States from 1961 to 1967. He served for about five years in NASA Astronaut Group 6 (1967).

Chapman was born in Melbourne, Victoria. He moved to Sydney as a child. He was married and had two children.

Chapman died on 5 April 2021 in Arizona, at the age of 86.

References

Other websites

Philip K. Chapman NASA biography

1935 births
2021 deaths
American astronauts
American physicists
Australian astronauts
Australian physicists
Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni
NASA
Naturalized citizens of the United States
People from Melbourne
People from Sydney
University of Sydney alumni
William Phillips (economist)

Alban William Housego "A. W." "Bill" Phillips, MBE (18 November 1914 – 4 March 1975) was a New Zealand economist. He was a professor of economics at the London School of Economics (LSE). His best-known contribution to economics is the Phillips curve. It explains the relationship between inflation and unemployment rate in the economy. He first described it in 1958. He also created the MONIAC hydraulic economics computer in 1949.

References

1914 births
1975 deaths
economists
Bob Morane (video game series)

Bob Morane is a series of platform adventure video games. It was made by Infogrames Entertainment in 1987. It was based on the character of the same name who first appeared in comic books.

List of video games 
Bob Morane: Chevalerie 1 (1987)
Bob Morane: Science Fiction 1 (1987)
Bob Morane: Jungle 1 (1987)
Bob Morane: Oceans 1 (1988)

References

1987 establishments
Video game series
Hailey Bieber

Hailey Rhode Bieber (née Baldwin; born November 22, 1996) is an American model and television personality. She is the daughter of Stephen Baldwin and is married to Canadian singer Justin Bieber. She was born in Tuscon, Arizona.

In March 2016, Baldwin signed a contract with IMG Models high-profile New York modeling agency and in May appeared on the cover of Marie Claire. Baldwin was also the face of Karl Lagerfeld's limited-edition clothing line available in North America entitled "Love From Paris". Baldwin also appeared in editorials for Glamour Magazine and Italian Vogue.

In May 2017, she began hosting a new TBS show Drop the Mic with rapper Method Man, which features four celebrities facing off in a series of rap battles.

References

1996 births
Living people
Models from Arizona
American television personalities
Businesspeople from Tucson, Arizona
Entertainers from Tucson, Arizona
Abadi Hadis

Abadi Hadis (6 November 1997 – 5 February 2020) was an Ethiopian long-distance runner. He placed 15th over 10,000 metres at the 2016 Olympics. He won a bronze medal at the 2017 IAAF World Cross Country Championships.

Hadis died on 5 February 2020 in Mekelle, Ethiopia at the age of 22.

References

1997 births
2020 deaths
Ethiopian people
Competitors in athletics
Olympians
Mission San Diego de Alcala

Mission San Diego de Alcalá is a mission in San Diego. It is the first mission in California. 

A mission is a religious community. Mission San Diego was made by the Spanish to teach the native people, the Kumeyaay, about the Catholic religion.

This mission includes a fountain, church, cemetery, priest quarters, a storage room and a workshop. This church is now a historical landmark and was restored in the 1940s. Near the fountain is now a parking lot. The original bell is outside the church, near the main entrance of the mission.

Churches in the United States
The West Coast Pop Art Experimental Band

The West Coast Pop Art Experimental Band (The WCPAEB) was an American psychedelic rock band formed in Los Angeles, California in 1965 and active until 1970. The original lineup included Bob Markley, Michael Lloyd, John Ware, and brothers Shaun and Danny Harris. The group recorded five studio albums, including one under the name, Markley, A Group. Their style has been described as one of the “ more offbeat acts to emerge during the psychedelic era”.

In Los Angeles, during the group’s early years, they were known for their elaborate psychedelic light shows which accompanied their live performances. The WCPAEB first recorded on the small FiFo record label the album Volume One in 1966. They recorded three albums on the larger Reprise label between 1967 and 1968. A Child’s Guide to Good and Evil is generally considered their best work, but the band’s commercial success was limited. After 1967, the WCPAEB was strictly a studio band. Two albums, Where’s My Daddy? and Markley, A Group, were released on independent record labels before the group broke up in 1970.

References 

American rock bands
1965 establishments in California
Musical groups disestablished in 1970
Clifford Wiens

Clifford Donald Wiens (April 27, 1926 – January 26, 2020) was a Canadian architect and writer. He was born in Glen Kerr, Saskatchewan. His best known works were John Nugent Studio, Heating and Cooling Plant at the University of Regina, and at Saskatchewan Legislative Building.

Wiens died on January 26, 2020 in Vancouver, British Columbia at the age of 93.

References

Other websites
Clifford Wiens at The Canadian Encyclopedia

Canadian architects
People from Saskatchewan
1926 births
2020 deaths
Dyanne Thorne

Dyanne Thorne (October 14, 1936 – January 28, 2020) was an American actress, stage performer and singer. She was known for her stage work in Las Vegas and as the lead actress in the Ilsa movie franchise of the 1970s. Her movie roles include Ilsa, She Wolf of the SS, Chesty Anderson, USN and Hellhole. Thorne was born in Greenwich, Connecticut.

Thorne died on January 28, 2020 in Las Vegas, Nevada from pancreatic cancer at the age of 83.

References

Other websites

 
 
 

Singers from Las Vegas, Nevada
Actors from Las Vegas, Nevada
Singers from Connecticut
American movie actors
Models from Nevada
Actors from Greenwich, Connecticut
Deaths from pancreatic cancer
1936 births
2020 deaths
Milton Viorst

Milton Viorst (born 1930) is an American journalist. He was born New Jersey. He studied at Rutgers University. Viorst is married to author Judith Viorst.

From 1956 to 1993, Viorst often worked with The New Yorker, Foreign Affairs, Harper's Magazine, The Atlantic, The New York Times Magazine, The Washington Post, and The Wall Street Journal. 

In 1968, he signed the "Writers and Editors War Tax Protest" pledge to refuse tax payments in protest against the Vietnam War. His writing landed him on the Nixon list.

References

Other websites
Milton Viorst biography via Alliance Française USA
Milton Viorst on ‘The Israel Lobby’

1930 births
Living people
Journalists from New Jersey
Jared Taylor

Jared Taylor is an  American white supremacist. He started the magazine the American Renaissance. Jared Taylor was born in Japan to Christian missionaries in 1951. He grew up in Kyoto and learned to speak Japanese. Taylor moved to the United States when he was 16. Taylor believes that  white people should only care about other white people.

References

American political writers
Magazine founders
Nationalists
L. Jacques Ménard

L. Jacques Ménard, , (January 29, 1946 – February 5, 2020) was a Canadian businessman and educator. He was the chancellor of Concordia University from 2011 to 2014. He was born in Chicoutimi, Quebec.

Ménard died on February 5, 2020 in Montreal from a long-illness at the age of 74.

References

1946 births
Canadian educators
Canadian businesspeople
People from Quebec
2020 deaths
Carlos Barisio

Carlos José Barisio (3 January 1951 – 5 February 2020) was an Argentine professional goalkeeper. He retired from football in 1987, after amassing 271 appearances in the Argentinian Primera. He played as a Ferro Carril Oeste player in 1981. He set the Primera record for the longest period without letting in a goal.

Barisio died on 5 February 2020 of lung cancer, aged 69.

References

Argentine footballers
2020 deaths
1951 births
Deaths from lung cancer
Stanley Norman Cohen

Stanley Norman Cohen (February 17, 1935) is an American geneticist. He was the Kwoh-Ting Li Professor in the Stanford University School of Medicine.  

Cohen and Herbert Boyer were the first scientists to transplant genes from one living organism to another.

References

1935 births
American geneticists
Living people
Scientists from New Jersey
People from Perth Amboy, New Jersey
Alice Mayhew

Alice E. Mayhew (June 14, 1932 – February 4, 2020) was an American editor. She was vice president and editorial director for Simon & Schuster. Mayhew edited many notable authors, which include Bob Woodward, President Jimmy Carter, Doris Kearns Goodwin, David Brooks, and Ruth Bader Ginsburg.

Mayhew was known for publishing books about Washington, D.C., such as All the President's Men by Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein. She was born in New York City.

Mayhew died at her home in New York City on February 4, 2020 at the age of 87.

References

1932 births
2020 deaths
American editors
Businesspeople from New York City
Burlington, New Jersey

Burlington is a city in Burlington County, New Jersey, United States and a suburb of Philadelphia. As of the 2010 United States Census, the city's population was 9,920.

References

Cities in New Jersey
Gruppa krovi

Gruppa krovi (; ) is an album by the Soviet rock band Kino, first released in 1988. After it was released in the Soviet Union, the album was also released in the United States in 1989 by Capitol Records. The album's title song, "Gruppa krovi", is an anti-war song. The song was also translated into and recorded in English as "Blood Type". It is the sixth studio album by Kino.

Track listing 
 "Группа крови" / "Gruppa krovi" / "Blood Type" (4:45)
 "Закрой за мной дверь, я ухожу" / "Zakroy za mnoy dver', ya ukhozhu" / "Close the Door Behind Me, I'm Leaving" (4:15)
 "Война" / "Voyna" / "War" (4:04)
 "Спокойная ночь" / "Spokoynaya noch'" / "Peaceful Night" (6:07)
 "Мама, мы все сошли с ума" / "Mama, my vse soshli s uma" / "Mama, We've All Gone Mad" (4:06)
 "Бошетунмай" / "Boshetunmai" (4:09)
 "В наших глазах" / "V nashikh glazakh" / "In Our Eyes" (3:34)
 "Попробуй спеть вместе со мной" / "Poprobuy spet' vmeste so mnoy" / "Try to Sing Along With Me" (4:35)
 "Прохожий" / "Prokhozhiy" / "Passerby" – (3:39)
 "Дальше действовать будем мы" / "Dal'she deystvovat' budem my" / "From Now On, it's Our Turn" (3:55)
 "Легенда" / "Legenda" / "Legend" – (4:10)

References

1988 albums
Rock albums
Russian music
Toby's Story

Toby's Story is a book that was released on May 7, 2019.  It’s main character is a dog named Toby. It was published by Bruce Cameron.

Characters 
Toby - Toby is the main character of the book. He is a young dog. His mother is Sadie.
Sadie - Sadie is Toby's mother.

References 

Fiction books
2010s books
Anson Mount

Anson Adams Mount IV (born February 25, 1973) is an American actor. He is known for his television roles such as Cullen Bohannon in the AMC series Hell on Wheels (2011–2016), Jim Steele in the NBC series Conviction (2006), Marvel superhero Black Bolt in Inhumans (2017) and Captain Christopher Pike in Star Trek: Discovery and Star Trek: Short Treks (2019). He also appeared in the movie Tully (2000).

Mount was born in Mount Prospect, Illinois. He grew up in White Bluff, Tennessee. He attended Dickson County High School in Dickson, Tennessee, Sewanee: The University of the South and Columbia University. He married Darah Trang in 2018. As of 2019, he lives in Connecticut.

References

Other websites

1973 births
Living people
Actors from Illinois
Actors from Tennessee
American movie actors
American television actors
Columbia University alumni
Mount Prospect, Illinois

Mount Prospect is a village in Elk Grove and Wheeling townships in Cook County, Illinois, United States. As of the 2010 census, the village had a population of 54,167.

References

Villages in Illinois
Suburbs of Chicago, Illinois
Settlements in Cook County, Illinois
White Bluff, Tennessee

White Bluff is a town in Dickson County, Tennessee, United States. As of the 2010 census, the town had a population of 3,206.

References

Towns in Tennessee
Dickson, Tennessee

Dickson is a city in Dickson County, Tennessee, United States. As of the 2010 census, the city had a population of 14,538.

References

Cities in Tennessee
Administrative divisions of Croatia

The administrative divisions of Croatia on the first level are the 20 counties (županija, pl. županije)and one city-county (grad, "city"), Zagreb.

On the second level, there are municipalities (općina, pl. općine) and cities (grad, pl. gradovi). Both of these have one or more settlements (naselje, pl. naselja). The settlements are not legal entities. They are like census designated places in the United States. If they are part of cities or large municipalities, they can form gradski kotari, gradske četvrti, or local committee areas (mjesni odbori). Small municipalities usually have only one settlement.

List of administrative divisions

Counties (21)
 Bjelovar-Bilogora
 Brod-Posavina
 Dubrovnik-Neretva
 Istria
 Karlovac
 Koprivnica-Križevci
 Krapina-Zagorje
 Lika-Senj
 Međimurje
 Osijek-Baranja
 Požega-Slavonia
 Primorje-Gorski Kotar
 Šibenik-Knin
 Sisak-Moslavina
 Split-Dalmatia
 Varaždin
 Virovitica-Podravina
 Vukovar-Syrmia
 Zadar
 Zagreb
 City of Zagreb
Cities and Municipalities (556)
City districts and Local committee areas
Settlements (6,749)

References

Croatia
Dickson County, Tennessee

Dickson County is a county in the U.S. state of Tennessee. As of the 2010 census, the county had a population of 49,666. The county seat is Charlotte.

References

Tennessee counties
Charlotte, Tennessee

Charlotte is a town in and the county seat of Dickson County, Tennessee, United States. As of the 2010 census, the town had a population of 1,235.

References

County seats in Tennessee
Towns in Tennessee
Lexington, Texas

Lexington is a town in Lee County, Tennessee, United States. As of the 2010 census, the town had a population of 1,282.

References

Towns in Texas
Counties of Croatia

The counties of Croatia () are the first-level administrative divisions of the Republic of Croatia. Croatia is divided into 20 counties and the capital city of Zagreb, which is both a county and a city. It is separate from Zagreb County. The counties are divided into 128 cities and 428 municipalities.

The counties are governed by county assemblies (). Members of the county assembly are elected for a four-year term.

List of counties

References
Lika-Senj County

Lika-Senj County (, ) is a county of Croatia. It includes most of the Lika region and some coastline on the Adriatic. It also includes the northern part of the Pag island. The seat of the county is Gospić.

The county is the least populated (with 50,927 inhabitants in 2011) and one of the poorest. It is the largest Croatian county by area. It includes the Plitvice Lakes National Park and Sjeverni Velebit National Park. These are some of Croatia's major tourist attractions. The county has a total area of 5353 km2.

Administrative divisions

Lika-Senj County is divided into 12 towns and municipalities:

 Town of Gospić (county seat)
 Town of Novalja
 Town of Otočac 
 Town of Senj
 Municipality of Brinje
 Municipality of Donji Lapac
 Municipality of Karlobag
 Municipality of Lovinac
 Municipality of Perušić
 Municipality of Plitvička Jezera (Plitvice Lakes)
 Municipality of Udbina
 Municipality of Vrhovine

Demographics 

Since the early 20th century, the county's population has been shrinking. As of the 2011 census, the county had 50,927 residents. The population density is 9.5/km2.

The Croatian State Bureau of Statistics estimated the population of the county to be 45,493 in 2017, and 45,184 in 2018.

Ethnic Croats are the majority. They are 84.15% of the population. Serbs are 13.65%. Serbs are the majority in the municipalities of Vrhovine, Donji Lapac, and Udbina.

In 1991, before the Croatian War of Independence started, Croats were 59.7% of the population and Serbs were 37%. The eastern part of the county was a majority Serbian area.

References

Other websites

 

Counties of Croatia
Ledger

A ledger is a book or computer file that helps keep track of how much of something, usually money, that a person or group of people have. A ledger is often used in accounting to keep track of money you owe or money that is owed to you.

Economics
Accounting
Senate (Netherlands)

The Senate (  or simply  , literally "First Chamber", or sometimes  ) is the upper house of the States General, the legislature of the Netherlands. 

Its 75 members are elected on lists by the members of the twelve States-Provincial and three Caribbean electoral colleges for the Senate every four years, within three months of the provincial elections.

Senate elections results since 1983 
Original seats in Senate or First Chamber (Eerste Kamer).

Related pages 
 President of the Senate (Netherlands)
 House of Representatives (Netherlands)
 Politics of the Netherlands

References

States General of the Netherlands
Netherlands
List of presidents of the Senate of the Netherlands

The President of the Senate () is one of the 75 members of the Senate of the Netherlands and is elected to lead its meetings and be its representative.
 
The office has been held by Jan Anthonie Bruijn of the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD) since  2019.

List of presidents

Related pages 
 List of speakers of the House of Representatives of the Netherlands

References

Netherlands
Jan Anthonie Bruijn

Jan Anthonie Bruijn (born 7 February 1958) is a Dutch politician and physician. He has been the President of the Senate since 2 July 2019. He is a member of the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD) and has been of the Senate since 6 November 2012.

References

Other websites 
 Parlement.com

1958 births
Living people
Dutch academics
Dutch physicians
Dutch Protestants
Johns Hopkins University alumni
Members of the Senate of the Netherlands
People's Party for Freedom and Democracy politicians
Politicians from The Hague
Presidents of the Senate of the Netherlands
List of speakers of the House of Representatives of the Netherlands

The Speaker of the House of Representatives () is one of the 150 members of the House of Representatives of the Netherlands, elected to lead the meetings of the House. 

The office is currently held by Vera Bergkamp of Democrats 66 (D66).

List

20th century

21st century

 Resigned.

Living former speakers

Related pages 
 List of presidents of the Senate of the Netherlands

References

Netherlands
Beverly Pepper

Beverly Pepper (née Stoll; December 20, 1922 – February 5, 2020) was an American sculptor. She was known for her monumental works, site specific and land art.  She remained independent from any particular art movement. 

Pepper had her studio in Todi, Italy. She was represented by Marlborough Gallery, as well as Kayne Griffin Corcoran, who presented the first major Los Angeles solo exhibition of her work in 2017.

Pepper died on February 5, 2020, at her Todi home at the age of 97.

References

1922 births
2020 deaths
American sculptors
Artists from New York City
Deborah Batts

Deborah Anne Batts (April 13, 1947 – February 3, 2020) was an American lawyer and politician. He was the Judge for the  United States District Court for the Southern District of New York from 1994 to 2012, after being nominated by Bill Clinton. In June 1994, Deborah Batts was sworn in as a United States District Judge for Manhattan, becoming the nation's first openly LGBT, African-American federal judge. She took senior status on her 65th birthday, April 13, 2012. Batts was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Batts died on February 3, 2020 in Manhattan from problems caused by knee surgery, aged 72.

References

1947 births
2020 deaths
American judges
Lawyers from New York City
Lawyers from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
African American lawyers
Politicians from New York City
Politicians from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
US Democratic Party politicians
LGBT politicians
LGBT people from New York City
LGBT people from Pennsylvania
Lesbians
Deaths from surgical complications
Disease-related deaths in New York City
Dive Coaster

The Dive Coaster (also known as "Vertical Drop Coaster"), first built in 1997. It is a steel roller coaster type made by Bolliger & Mabillard (B&M). The first drop coaster was made in 1998 at Alton Towers and is known as Oblivion, the latest Dive Coaster (at the time of writing this) is Emperor at SeaWorld San Diego in 2020.

Development 
Development on the coaster began in 1994/95. When theme park designer John Wardley designs the idea of a Dive Coaster as to be a successor to his 1994 coaster Nemesis. He realised that the coaster was too ambitious for its time. So Wardley waited until the 1997/98 to test out his new machine. The first design of the ride was Oblivion at Alton Towers, opened in 14 March 1998.

The coaster was only two years old when the next order for a dive coaster was made in the form of Diving Machine G5 in Janfusun Fancyworld in Taiwan. Which was just a mirror image of Oblivion.

In 2005, saw the release of not only the third Dive Coaster to be built, but the first to be built in America, first to be built over 200 ft and the first ever custom-layout Dive Coaster. Sheikra was opened on May 21, 2005 at Busch Gardens Tampa Bay.

In 2007, Busch Gardens Williamsburg announced Griffon on August 23, 2006. But officially opened on May 18, 2007. It was the first dive coaster to have floorless trains. Although, the same year. Busch Gardens reopened with floorless trains on June 16, 2007.

In 2011, Heide Park (a German theme park in Soltau, Germany) released Krake, a dive coaster opening on April 16, 2011. This was the first dive coaster to feature 6 seated trains, which coined the phrase "Mini-Dive Coaster"

In 2019, Yukon Striker was released on May 3, 2019. It was the first dive coaster to include a Vertical Loop. It opened at Canada's Wonderland in Vaughan, Ontario.

Installations 
Bolliger & Mabillard has built fourteen Dive Coasters with one to be opened in 2020. The roller coasters are listed in order of opening dates.

Recurring elements 
 Holding Brake: The holding brake is a machine placed at the end of the first (or second) drop. First found on Oblivion at Alton Towers
 Illellmann Loop: A common first element after the first drop. First found on Sheikra on Busch Gardens Tampa Bay
 Mid-course Brake Run: Unknown when found on a course. Could happen after the first two inversions. First found on Sheikra on Busch Gardens Tampa Bay
 Splashdown: Found either after the first drop or after a second vertical drop. First found on Sheikra on Busch Gardens Tampa Bay
 Second Vertical Drop: Found after the mid-course brake run. A vertical drop without a holding brake. Sheikra on Busch Gardens Tampa Bay

References

Other websites 

 

Steel roller coasters
Bedford, New Hampshire

Bedford is a town in Hillsborough County, New Hampshire, United States. As of the 2010 census, the town had a population of 21,203.

References

Towns in New Hampshire
Smyrna, Georgia

Smyrna is a city in Cobb County, Georgia, United States. As of the 2010 census, the city had a population of 51,271.

References

Cities in Georgia (U.S. state)
Francie Brolly

Francis Brolly (13 January 1938 – 6 February 2020) was an Irish republican politician, musician and teacher. He was born in Dungiven, Northern Ireland. He was a member of Sinn Féin until 2018. From 2003 to 2010, he served as a member of the Northern Ireland Assembly for East Londonderry.

Brolly died on 6 February 2020. He was in his early 80s.

References

1938 births
2020 deaths
Folk musicians
Irish musicians
Northern Ireland politicians
Sinn Féin politicians
Brod-Posavina County

Brod-Posavina County () is a county in southern Slavonia, Croatia. Its center is the city of Slavonski Brod. It is on the left bank of the Sava. Because of this, it is called Posavina.

Geography
The Brod-Posavina County borders on the Sisak-Moslavina County in the west, Požega-Slavonia County in the north, Osijek-Baranja County in the northeast, and Vukovar-Srijem County in the east.

Administrative divisions

Brod-Posavina County is divided into:

 City of Slavonski Brod (county seat)
 Town of Nova Gradiška
 Municipality of Bebrina
 Municipality of Brodski Stupnik
 Municipality of Bukovlje
 Municipality of Cernik 
 Municipality of Davor
 Municipality of Donji Andrijevci
 Municipality of Dragalić
 Municipality of Garčin
 Municipality of Gornja Vrba
 Municipality of Gornji Bogićevci
 Municipality of Gundinci
 Municipality of Klakar
 Municipality of Nova Kapela
 Municipality of Okučani
 Municipality of Oprisavci           
 Municipality of Oriovac
 Municipality of Podcrkavlje
 Municipality of Rešetari
 Municipality of Sibinj
 Municipality of Sikirevci
 Municipality of Slavonski Šamac
 Municipality of Stara Gradiška
 Municipality of Staro Petrovo Selo
 Municipality of Velika Kopanica
 Municipality of Vrbje
 Municipality of Vrpolje

Demographics

As of the 2011 census, the county had 158,575 residents. The population density is 78 people per km2.

Ethnic Croats are the majority with 95.0% of the population. Serbs are 2.6%.

References

Other websites
 

Counties of Croatia
J. B. Sumarlin

Johannes Baptista Sumarlin (7 December 1932 – 6 February 2020) was an Indonesian economist and politician. He served as Minister of Finance under president Suharto between 1988 and 1993.

Sumarlin was born in Nglegok, Blitar, East Java. He died in Jakarta at the age of 87.

References

1932 births
2020 deaths
Economists
Indonesian politicians
Marie Muhammad

Marie Muhammad (3 April 1939 – 11 December 2016) was an Indonesian politician and philanthropist. He served as the Minister of Finance under president Suharto between 1993 and 1998. He also served as chairman of the Indonesian Red Cross Society from 1998 to 2009.

Muhammmad died of brain cancer on 11 December 2016 in Cawang, Jakarta. He was 77.

References

1939 births
2016 deaths
Deaths from brain cancer
Indonesian politicians
Asian philanthropists
CBT (disambiguation)

CBT may refer to:

Cognitive-behavioral therapy, a type of therapy 
Cock and ball torture, a sexual activity
Olympic National Park

Olympic National Park is a national park in the U.S. state of Washington. It was established on June 29, 1938. The park covers nearly  of the Olympic Peninsula and covers most of the Olympic Mountains. The western part of the national park is the wettest place in the contiguous United States (outside Hawaii and Alaska).

References 

20th-century establishments in Washington (state)
1938 establishments in the United States
National parks in the United States
Biosphere reserves
Forests
World Heritage Sites in the United States
Geography of Washington (U.S. state)
Subsidy

A subsidy is a sum of money given by the public body to help an industry or business to keep the price of a commodity or service low.

Economics
Ratcliff, London

Ratcliff is an area of East London. It is in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets. It is located on the north side of the River Thames. It was once a hamlet in the historic county of Middlesex.

Ratcliff is the site of one of London biggest fires in 1794. It began at Clovers Barge Yard. The flames quickly spread to a nearby barge loaded with saltpetre. This was a substance used to make gunpowder and matches. This exploded. Causing the fire to spread and destroying Ratcliff.

Etymology
Ratcliff name is from a sandstone cliff. This used to be above the surrounding marshes. This had a red appearance. Hence Red-cliffe.

History
Ratcliffe was known for shipbuilding. It was an important sea departure area. In the sixteenth century. Such as Willoughby and Frobisher. Ratcliffe at this time also had the largest population in Stepney. Having 3500 residents.

Around 1669. Almost 200 Presbyterians were worshipping inside a warehouse in Ratcliffe. There was a purpose built Quaker meeting house in Schoolhouse Lane that had been built near the same time.

Ratcliffe was divided between the parishes of Limehouse and Stepney until 1866. It was constituted a separate civil parish. It was then administered by Limehouse District Board of Works. In 1900 it joined the Metropolitan Borough of Stepney.

As the warehouses fell into decline. They were not allowed to stand and were cleared for redevelopment.

References

Areas of London
London Borough of Tower Hamlets
Eden Alene

Eden Alene (born 7 May 2000), professionally known as Eden, is an Israeli singer who will represent Israel at the Eurovision Song Contest 2021 in Rotterdam, the Netherlands.

References 

Israeli singers
Eurovision Song Contest presenters
Abdullah Alnefisi

Abdullah bin Fahd al-Nafisi (born 1945 in Kuwait ) is a Kuwaiti politician and academic.

In 1985, he was a member of National Assembly of Kuwait.

Biography 
He was born in 1945 in Kuwait.  He studied in elementary, middle and secondary schools from 1951 to 1961 at Victoria College in Cairo, and he received a General Certificate of Education.

He worked as a professor and president at the College of Political Science at Kuwait University.

He gets a licentiate from the American University of Beirut in 1967.

He has earned a Ph.D. in political science from Churchill College at Cambridge University in Britain in 1972.

Books 

 The role of Shiites in the modern political development of Iraq   (PhD. thesis - Cambridge University 1972 - That Al Salasil - Kuwait).
 Conflict in Dhofar (1975, Dar Al-Politics, Kuwait).
 Kuwait, The Other Opinion (1978, Taha House - London).
 Islam Rule (1980 Dar Taha - London).
 Sharia Policy (1980, Taha House - Kuwait).
 Gulf Cooperation Council: The Strategic Framework (1982 Dar Taha - London).
 The Islamic Movement: Gaps in the Road (1986 Dar Al-Rubaian - Kuwait).
 The role of students in political work (1986, the National Union of Kuwaiti Students - Kuwait).

References 

1945 births
Living people
Alumni of the University of Cambridge
Kuwaiti people
Muslims
Political scientists
Regular army

Most countries have armed forces, which are usually called regular army. Very often, the constitution of a country talks about this army. This is different from rebel groups or militia, who may also train forces. The regular army is a official army of a official country. They are temporary army's. Still, the person in charge of the army is the president or King or the head of the government. Very often, a regular army has two parts:
 Most of the army, are people under arms, even in peace time.
 Part of the army are people who can be called to arms, on request (for example, in case of a conflict)

Military terminology
Inconvertible currency

Some countries limit the exchange of their currency: In some cases, only a limited amount of money can be exchanged. In other cases, the money cannot be exchanged legally at all. Such a currency is called inconvertible currency. In such cases, there often is a black market.

Economics
Great Turkish War

The Great Turkish War was fought between 1683 and 1699 by Ottoman Empire and the winning Holy League (the Habsburg Monarchy, Poland-Lithuania, Venice and Russia). Intensive fighting began in 1683 and ended with the signing of the Treaty of Karlowitz in 1699. The defeated Ottoman Empire lost for the first time large amounts of territory: in Hungary and the Poland–Lithuania, as well as part of the western Balkans. The war was also significant in that it marked the first time Russia was involved in an alliance with Western Europe.

1660s
1680s
1690s
17th century in Europe
Habsburg Dynasty
History of Austria
History of Bosnia and Herzegovina
History of Greece
History of Hungary
History of Italy
History of Lithuania
History of Romania
History of Serbia
History of Ukraine
Holy Roman Empire
Ottoman Empire
Wars involving Germany
Wars involving Russia
Wars involving Spain
5 Centimeters per Second

5 Centimeters per Second (Japanese: 秒速5センチメートル, Hepburn: Byōsoku Go Senchimētoru) is a 2007 anime film made by Makoto Shinkai. Its made up of three parts, "Cherry Blossom", "Cosmonaut" and "5 Centimeters per Second". The film is 65 minutes long.

Plot 
The story takes place in Japan from the early 90s to 2008.

Related pages
 Makoto Shinkai
 Anime

2000s romantic drama movies
2007 animated movies
2010 manga
Internet memes
Japanese movies
Japanese-language movies
Manga series
Romance movies
Science fiction anime and manga
Leons Briedis

Leons Briedis (December 16, 1949 – February 1, 2020) was a Latvian poet, novelist, essayist, literary critic and publisher. 

In 1974, Briedis becme a member of the Latvian Writers' Union (several times also a member of the Board), and from 1987 he was a member of the international organisation of writers (poets, essayists, prosaists) — PEN Club. From 1993 to 1997 he was Vice-President of the Latvian PEN Club.

He worked in most diverse culture editions and was Head of poetry section of the newspaper "Literatūra un Māksla" (1986–1987), Editor-in-Chief of the cultural journal "Jaunās Grāmatas", culturological magazine "Grāmata" (1990–1992) and Editor-in- Chief of "Vārds", magazine of the Latvian Writers' Union (1993).

Briedis died on February 1, 2020 in Riga at the age of 70.

References

1949 births
2020 deaths
Latvian poets
Novelists
Essayists
Critics
Translators
John A. DiBiaggio

John Angelo DiBiaggio (September 11, 1932 – February 1, 2020) was an American educator. He was the President of the University of Connecticut from 1979 to 1985, then of Michigan State University from 1985 to 1992, and of Tufts University from 1992 to 2001. He was born in Houston, Texas.

DiBiaggio died on February 1, 2020 at the age of 87.

References

1932 births
2020 deaths
Educators from Houston, Texas
Tufts University

Tufts University is a private research university in Medford and Somerville, Massachusetts. It was founded in 1852 by Christian universalists. 

It was a small New England liberal arts college until its transformation into a larger research university in the 1970s. It is known for its internationalism and study abroad programs.

References

Colleges and universities in Massachusetts
1852 establishments in the United States
Claudio Bonadio

Claudio Bonadio (1 February 1956 – 4 February 2020) was an Argentine judge. He was in charge of Federal Criminal and Correctional Court No. 11 from 1994 until his death. He was a critic of Presidents of Argentina Fernando de la Rúa, Néstor Kirchner and Cristina Fernández de Kirchner. He was considered to be a key suspected of a car bomb attack against the Argentine Israel Mutual Association (AMIA) and was a key figure of the bribe scandal.

References

1956 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from brain cancer
Argentine politicians
Argentine judges
Ola Magnell

Nils Olaus Lennart Karl Magnell (20 January 1946 – 6 February 2020) was a Swedish pop-rock singer-songwriter and guitarist. His works were first put out by Metronome Records in the 1970s. He was born in Skälby gård, Sweden. 

His best known works were "Påtalåten", "Skurken", "Festen är över", "Trasten", "Jag fryser (på dej)", "Kärlek", "Fan på väggen", "Malvina utan mörker", "Opportunisten", "Ett hus" and "Johanna (i skuggan av Stockholm)".

Magnell died on 6 February 2020 of heart failure in Tunby, Sweden at the age of 74.

References

1946 births
2020 deaths
Swedish singers
Swedish writers
Swedish musicians
Guitarists
Deaths from heart failure
Martha Speaks

Martha Speaks is a television show. It first aired on September 1, 2008. It ended on November 18, 2014. The main character of the show is Martha who is a dog young.

On June 10, 2013, the creator of Martha Speaks sued WGBH for getting not a lot of money.

Cancellation 
On November 18, 2014, Martha Speaks aired its final episode and got cancelled.

References 

2008 television series debuts
Children's television series
2014 television series endings
English-language television programs
Li Wenliang

Li Wenliang (; 12 October 1986 – 6 February 2020) was a Chinese ophthalmologist at . He was thought to be one of the first people to issue a warning about the 2019–20 coronavirus pandemic, on 30 December 2019.

On 3 January 2020, Wuhan police arrested him "making false comments on the Internet". Li returned to work but later suffered from the virus from an infected patient.

He died from the infection on 6 February 2020.

References

1986 births
2020 deaths
Chinese scientists
Physicians
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in China
David Bustamante

David Bustamante Hoyos (born 25 March 1982) is a Spanish pop singer-songwriter. He gained fame in 2001 as a third-place winner on Operación Triunfo.

Bustamante has sold more than 2 million records in Spain and Latin America, getting 15 Platinum in albums.

Other websites
David Bustamante - Official Website

1982 births
Living people
Spanish singers
Spanish writers
Songwriters
Pop singers
Gilberto Rodríguez Orejuela

Gilberto José Rodríguez Orejuela (born January 30, 1939) is a Colombian former drug lord. He was once one of the leaders of the Cali Cartel, based in the city of Cali. He was born in Mariquita, Tolima, Colombia. Rodríguez Orejuela is serving his 30-year sentence at the Federal Correctional Institution, Butner in North Carolina.

In February 2020, it was announced that Rodríguez Orejuela was diagnosed with colon and prostate cancer.

References

1939 births
Living people
Colombian people
Drug dealers
People with cancer
Jhon Jairo Velásquez

Jhon Jairo Velásquez Vasquez (April 15, 1962 – February 6, 2020), also known by the alias "Popeye", was a hitman. He was part of the criminal structure of the Medellín Cartel until his surrender to the Colombian justice system in 1992. He was a known as a hitman working for Pablo Escobar.

In January 2020, it was announced that Velásquez had terminal esophageal cancer. He died on February 6, 2020 in Bogotá from the disease, aged 57.

References

1962 births
2020 deaths
Colombian people
Deaths from esophageal cancer
Drug dealers
Murderers
Peter Hogg

Peter Wardell Hogg  (3 December 1939 – 4 February 2020) was a New Zealand-born Canadian legal scholar and lawyer.  He was best known as the leading authority on Canadian constitutional law.

In 1970, he was appointed Professor of Law at Osgoode Hall Law School in Toronto and was appointed Dean in 1998. In 2003 he accepted a position as scholar in residence at the law firm of Blake, Cassels & Graydon LLP.

Hogg wrote several books, including Constitutional Law of Canada, the single most-cited book in decisions of the Supreme Court of Canada. He was a key figure in the Supreme Court's decision to legalize gay marriage in Canada in 2004.

Hogg died on 4 February 2020, aged 80.

References

1939 births
2020 deaths
Canadian educators
Canadian lawyers
Canadian Queen's Counsel
Jessica Rosenworcel

Jessica Rosenworcel (born July 12, 1971) is an American attorney. She is a member of the Federal Communications Commission (FCC). She originally was on the FCC from May 11, 2012 to January 3, 2017, and was confirmed by the Senate for an additional term on August 3, 2017. In 2021, she became Chairwoman of the FCC.

On January 21, 2021, President Joe Biden picked her to be the interim chair of FCC, making her the second-ever woman to serve in this position. 

In October 2021, President Biden nominated Rosenworcel to be the permanent FCC Chair. She was confirmed by the United States Senate in December 2021.

References

1971 births
Living people
Chairmen of the Federal Communications Commission
Lawyers from Connecticut
People from West Hartford, Connecticut
Politicians from Connecticut
US Democratic Party politicians
K. C. Jones

K. C. Jones (May 25, 1932 – December 25, 2020) was an American basketball player and coach. He is best known for his career with the Boston Celtics of the National Basketball Association (NBA).  

He is the only African-American non-player head coach to win multiple NBA championships. Jones was added into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame in 1989.

Jones died on December 25, 2020 at an assisted living center from Alzheimer's disease-related problems in Connecticut, aged 88.

References

1932 births
2020 deaths
Boston Celtics players
American Olympic gold medalists
National Basketball Association coaches
Sportspeople from Texas
Sportspeople from Connecticut
People from Bloomfield, Connecticut
Deaths from Alzheimer's disease