cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Varistor

A varistor, VDR, (voltage dependent resistor) is a type of resistor. It controls the current depending on the voltage.

In these devices resistance drops sharply at a certain threshold voltage. Once the voltage across the device reaches the threshold, there is a breakdown of the electrical structure in the vicinity of the grain boundaries, which results in its electrical resistance dropping from several megohms down to a few hundred ohms.  The major advantage of these is that they can dissipate a lot of energy, and they self reset–after the voltage across the device drops below the threshold, its resistance returns to being high.  

This makes them ideal for surge-protection applications.  As there is control over the threshold voltage and energy tolerance, they find use in all sorts of applications.  The best demonstration of their ability can be found in electrical substations, where they are employed to protect the infrastructure from lightning strikes.  They have rapid response, are low maintenance, and do not appreciably degrade from use, making them virtually ideal devices for this application.

They can be used to protect electronics from voltages that could damage components.

Electronic components
Wheathampstead

Wheathampstead is a village and civil parish north of St Albans. It is part of the City and District of St Albans, in Hertfordshire. Its parliamentary constituency is Hitchin and Harpenden. The village is on the River Lea (or Lee), a tributary of the Thames.

The population of Wheathampstead at the time of the 2001 census was 6,058.

History
Settlements in this area were made about 50 BC by Belgic invaders. They moved up the rivers Thames and Lea from what is now Belgium. Evidence for them was found in Devil's Dyke, at the eastern side of Wheathampstead.

The Devil's Dyke earthworks are remains of an ancient settlement of the Catuvellauni. It is thought to have been the tribe's original capital. The capital was moved to Verlamion, later the Roman Verulamium. This became the modern St Albans.

The Devil's Dyke is reputedly where Julius Caesar defeated Cassivellaunus in 54 BC, although this claim is disputed. The Dyke may have been part of the same defensive rampart as nearby Beech Bottom Dyke. If correct, this would make the area one of the largest and most important British Iron Age settlements.

Later, the village is recorded in the Domesday Book under name Watamestede. It appears that a church existed at Wheathampstead before the Norman Conquest, as Wheathampstead was given by Edward the Confessor to Westminster Abbey. The original structure was demolished in the reign of Henry III, and the oldest part of the present church dates to about 1280. The main doorways to the church (in the chancel section) and the windows are Early English pointed arches.

References 

Villages in Hertfordshire
Civil parishes in Hertfordshire
Dieter Borst

Dieter Borst (born 12 May 1950) is a German painter and sculptor of 20th century art.

Career

Borst was born on 12 May 1950 in Schramberg, Germany. As a painter, he specialized in informal painting. The basic element in his paintings is the line, which is carried through colored segments.

In 1969 he studied at the American School of Art in Munich. In 1972 he took a half year study trip to West Africa.
In 1973 he started painting. In 1997 he moved to Gran Canaria. In 2007 his atelier burned in an island fire on Gran Canaria. Hundreds of paintings of all phases of his working life were destroyed.

Exhibits
Borst's works were exhibited in New York, Fort Lauderdale / Miami, Cologne and Gran Canaria.

Paintings

Literature
 Author: Diana Neubauer: Dieter Borst – Art Informel 2013, Verlag: Bod,

Museum / Gallery 
 Broadway Gallery, New York
 Gallery Colonial House Inn, New York  
 The Grand, Fort Lauderdale, Florida
 Galerie Tempestas, Cologne
 Galeria de Arte, Spain/Gc

References
 New York Arts Magazine, Dieter Borst
 Lexikonia – Enzyklopädie, Dieter Borst
 Artfairsinternational NY USA, Dieter Borst 
 Broadway Gallery, NY USA, Dieter Borst 
 German National Library, Dieter Borst

Other websites
 Dieter Borst, homepage
 Dieter Borst, You Tube

1950 births
Living people
German painters
German sculptors
Tupou VI

Tupou VI (Tongan: ʻAhoʻeitu ʻUnuakiʻotonga Tukuʻaho; born 12 July 1959) is the king of Tonga. He was chosen as the inheritor of the throne by his elder brother, Tupou V, in 2006. After Tupou V died in 2012, he inherited the throne and was given the name "Tupou VI".

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References

Prime Ministers of Tonga
Kings and queens
Current national leaders
1959 births
Living people
Stuttgarter Zeitung

The Stuttgarter Zeitung is a German-language daily newspaper (except Sundays). It is edited in Stuttgart, Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It sells about 200,000 copies daily.

Newspapers published in Germany
Radioactive waste

Radioactive waste is a term used for certain substances that are radioactive and that are no longer useful. Most radioactive waste is a by-product of operating nuclear power plants. Certain treatments in hospitals use radioactive substances. Scientists doing certain kinds of research use radioactive substances. Nuclear weapons also produce radioactive waste.  Low-level radioactive wastes are radioactive gases, solids, or liquids that give off small amounts of ionizing radiation. High-level radioactive wastes give off large amounts of ionizing radiation. 

Radioactive waste is dangerous to the environment, and there are many regulations about transporting it, handling it, and processing it in such a way that the dangers are reduced. They can contaminate water and affect the living organisms. Storage of radioactive waste must be guaranteed for thousands of years, until it decays sufficiently to be safe to the environment and its inhabitants. Radioactive waste can be stored by deep geological burial or by dry cask storage. Dry Cask Storage is large cylinders of concrete and steel that are used to hold 10 or more metric tons of high-level radioactive waste. The U.S. currently has no long-term radioactive waste storage site. In 1987 Yucca Mountain, Nevada was a candidate for radioactive waste storage, but was shut down.

Waste management
KV42

KV42 is a tomb in Egypt's Valley of the Kings. 

The tomb was constructed for Hatshepsut-Meryetre, the wife of Thutmose III. She was not buried in the tomb. It was reused by Sennefer, a mayor of Thebes.

Ancient Egypt
Emblem3

Emblem 3 is a band from Huntington Beach, California. Current members include Wesley and Keaton Stromberg, who are brothers, and Drew Chadwick, Wesley's best friend. Their debut album is titled Nothing to Lose, with tracks including "Chloe", and "Sunset Boulevard". They competed on The X Factor, finishing in fourth place.

Discography

Albums 
 Nothing to Lose (2013)

EP:s 
 Songs from the Couch, Vol. 1 (2014)
 Forever Together (2014)
 Waking Up (2016)
 Pyro (2019)

Singles 
 "Chloe (You’re the One I Want)" (2013)
 "now" (2016)
 "Homerun" (2017)
 "New Day" (2017)
 "Too Pretty (For Your Own Good)" (2017)
 "Cobain" (2019)

Musical groups from Huntington Beach, California
American boy bands
American pop music groups
Shiprock

Shiprock is the remains of an extinct volcano in the U.S. state of New Mexico. 

Shiprock is composed of fractured volcanic breccia and black dikes of igneous rock. It is the erosional remnant of the throat of a volcano. The exposed rock was probably formed 2,500–3000 feet (750–1,000 meters) below the Earth's surface, but exposed after millions of years of erosion. 

Radiometric dating of the rock shows that the volcanic rocks solidified about 27 million years ago. Shiprock is in the northeastern part of the Navajo Volcanic Field. El Capitan in Monument Valley is another prominent volcanic neck in this field.

References 

Igneous rocks
New Mexico
South African Navy

The South African Navy is the navy of the South African National Defence Force. The role of the South African Navy is to conduct naval operations in defence of the Republic of South Africa.

The current organisation of the South African Navy dates back to 1 April 1922, when the South African Naval Service (SANS) was created. (However, colonial naval volunteer units date back as far as 1861.) The South African Naval Service was later expanded and renamed to the South African Naval Forces (SANF). In 1951, the South African Naval Forces was renamed to the South African Navy and the ship title HMSAS (His Majesty's South African Ship) was changed to SAS (South African Ship) one year later.

Strength 
The South African Navy has a strength of 6,104 active military personnel. The navy is divided into a Combat Fleet and a Support Fleet. The Combat Fleet is made up of five Valour-class frigates, three Heroine-class submarines, three Warrior-class patrol vessels, three T-class patrol vessels, three River-class mine countermeasures vessels, and twenty-one Namacurra-class harbour patrol boats. The Support Fleet is made up of one replenishment vessel, one Hecla-class survey vessel, and three tugboats. The navy also includes an infantry-trained special forces unit called the Maritime Reaction Squadron (MRS).

References 

Navy
Navies
1861 establishments
19th-century establishments in South Africa
South African National Defence Force

The South African National Defence Force (SANDF) is the military of South Africa.

The SANDF is made up of four branches: the South African Army, the South African Navy, the South African Air Force, and the South African Military Health Service (formerly the South African Medical Service).

The Commander-in-Chief of the military is the President of South Africa, currently Jacob Zuma. The Ministry of Defence and Military Veterans, currently headed by Nosiviwe Mapisa-Nqakula, is in charge of political leadership. Military command is in the hands of the General Staff, headed by the Chief of the South African National Defence Force, who is General Solly Shoke.

The history of the SANDF can be traced back to 1912, with the establishment of the Union Defence Force (UDF). In 1957, the Union Defence Force was renamed to the South African Defence Force (SADF). The SADF fought a bloody guerrilla war against the South West African People's Organisation (SWAPO) and the African National Congress in South West Africa (now Namibia). SADF forces were also involved in the Angolan Civil War. In 1994, the South African Defence Force was combined with the ANC's Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK), the PAC's Azanian People's Liberation Army (APLA), several Bantustan defence forces, and the self protection units of the Inkatha Freedom Party to form the South African National Defence Force.

Since 1994, South Africa has been trying to develop its military into a professional, well trained and mobile military. The SANDF currently plays a role in peacekeeping in the African continent, in countries such as the DRC and Burundi.

References

Military of South Africa
1994 establishments in South Africa
Mercedes-Benz Citaro

The Mercedes-Benz Citaro (or O530) is a single-decker low-floor bus for public transport.

It was made in 1997, and built in Germany, France and Spain.

Citaro
Buses
Central Luzon

Central Luzon (Filipino: Gitnáng Luzon, designated as Region III (or Region 3), is central part of Luzon, The region has the largest plain in the country and produces most of the country's rice supply. Its provinces are Aurora, Bataan, Bulacan, Nueva Ecija, Pampanga, Tarlac, and Zambales.

Overview
Central Luzon Region is north of Manila, the nation's capital. To the north are Ilocos, Cordillera Administrative Region and Cagayan Valley. To the south are the National Capital Region, CALABARZON and Manila Bay. To the west is the South China Sea. To the east is the Philippine Sea. 

There are fourteen cities which include: Balanga in Bataan; Malolos, Meycauayan and San Jose del Monte in Bulacan; Cabanatuan, Gapan, Muñoz, Palayan and San Jose in Nueva Ecija; Angeles, Mabalacat and San Fernando in Pampanga; Tarlac in Tarlac; and Olongapo in Zambales. Central Luzon produces the most rice in the whole country. Excess rice is delivered and imported to other provinces of the Philippines. 

The City of San Fernando, in Pampanga, is the regional center.

Aurora was transferred from Region IV by Executive Order No. 103.

Religion
In 2000, 86.9% of the population of Central Luzon was Roman Catholic. Other religions include Iglesia Ni Cristo,  Aglipayan, Evangelicals, United Methodist, Jehovah's Witnesses, Seventh-day Adventist and United Church of Christ in the Philippines. In addition there are smaller numbers of other religions.

Political divisions

Central Luzon has 7 provinces, 14 cities, 116 municipalities, and 3,102 barangays.

Central Luzon has fourteen cities. San Jose del Monte is the city with the most population. Meycauayan is the most densely populated city in the region. Tarlac City is the largest based on land area.

References

Other websites

 Central Luzon Local Search 
 Executive Order No. 561: FORMATION OF THE "SUPER" REGIONS AND MANDATE OF THE SUPERREGIONAL DEVELOPMENT CHAMPIONS 
 North Luzon Super Region: Potentials 
 North Luzon Super Region: Projects 
 Executive Order No. 103 

Regions of the Philippines
José Emilio Pacheco

José Emilio Pacheco Berny (June 30, 1939 – January 26, 2014) was a Mexican poet, essayist, historian, novelist and short story writer. He is thought as one of the major Mexican poets of the second half of the 20th century. The Berlin International Literature Festival has praised him as "one of the most significant contemporary Latin American poets".

Pacheco died from cardiac arrest in Mexico City, Mexico on January 26, 2014, aged 74.

References

Other websites
José Emilio Pacheco  (at El Colegio Nacional)
Essay on Pacheco  from The Quarterly Conversation
Essay on Pacheco's Batallas en el desierto

1939 births
2014 deaths
Deaths from cardiac arrest
Mexican historians
Mexican poets
Writers from Mexico City
Ellen Vogel

Ellen Marie Elze Anthing Vogel (January 26, 1922 – August 5, 2015) was a Dutch television, movie, and stage actress.

Vogel was born on January 26, 1922 in The Hague, Netherlands. She was raised in Amsterdam.

Vogel married Hans Jürgen Tobi in 1942. They divorced in 1949. She was in a relationship with Fons Rademakers from 1950 to 1955. Vogel then married James Münninghoff in 1976. Their marriage lasted until his death in 2012. Vogel had a son with Hans, Peter Paul.

Vogel died in Amsterdam at the age of 93.

References

Other websites

 

1922 births
2015 deaths
Dutch movie actors
Dutch stage actors
Dutch television actors
People from The Hague
Valley of the Kings

The Valley of the Kings ( ) is a valley in Egypt. From the 16th to 11th centuries BC, tombs were built there for the Pharaohs and powerful nobles.

The valley is on the west bank of the Nile across from Luxor. Some of the people buried there are:
Ramesses II
Thutmose I
Tutankhamun

The valley is one of the most famous archaeological sites in the world. In 1979 it became a World Heritage Site, with the rest of the Theban Necropolis. Exploration, excavation and conservation continues in the valley, and a new tourist centre has recently been opened.

Geology and climate 

There is little year-round rain in this part of Egypt, but there are rare flash floods that hit the valley. These tons of debris into the open tombs.

References

Further reading 
  – A good introduction to the valley and surroundings

Valleys
Geography of Egypt
World Heritage Sites in Egypt
Burial monuments and structures
Archaeological sites in Egypt
Oberlin College

Oberlin College is a private liberal arts college in Oberlin, Ohio. It was the first college in the United States to accept African-American students as well as female students. It is also known for the Oberlin Conservatory of Music. Oberlin is a member of the Great Lakes Colleges Association and the Five Colleges of Ohio consortium.

History 

Oberlin College and the town of Oberlin were started together in 1833. In 1837, the college began a program of coeducation; admitting female students. In 1835, the college began a policy of interracial education. The Board of Trustees voted to allow black students at a time when there was only one black person living in the county. The first black student was a former slave, James Bradley from Cincinnati. The first building was Tappan Hall, named for Arthur Tappan of New York City. It was both a dormitory and classroom. In 1903 Memorial Arch was constructed. It was to honor those from Oberlin college who were killed in the Boxer Rebellion in China.

Conservatory of Music

In 1865, Oberlin started its music program. A music conservatory is on the college campus. Students benefit from over 500 performances yearly, most free of charge, with concerts and recitals almost daily. The Conservatory was one of the recipients of the 2009 National Medal of Arts.

Allen Memorial Art Museum

The Allen Memorial Art Museum is on the college campus. It holds an art collection showing the history of Art that has 12,000 pieces. It also has a unique art rental program. At the beginning of every semester, students camp out in front of the north gate to get first pick of artwork by artists including Renoir, Dalí, and Picasso.

References

Colleges and universities in Ohio
1833 establishments in the United States
1830s establishments in Ohio
Chulipuram

Chulipuram is a village in Jaffna, Sri Lanka. Its area is .

Settlements in Sri Lanka
Villages in Asia
Saraiki language

Saraiki (sometimes spelled Siraiki and Seraiki) is a language of Pakistan. It belongs to the Indo-Aryan language group and is closely related to the Punjabi language. It is spoken by about 26 million people as of 2017. Most of them are found in the south of the province of Punjab.

References

Indo-Aryan languages
 
Languages of Balochistan (Pakistan)
Languages of Sindh
Languages of India
Punjab (Pakistan)
Languages of Azad Jammu and Kashmir
Ypäjä

Ypäjä is a municipality in Kanta-Häme, Finland. About 2,485 people lived there in 2013. The municipalities next to it are Jokioinen, Somero, Loimaa and Humppila.

Ypäjä was established in 1876. It is famous for its horses.

Distances
 Loimaa 15 km
 Forssa 23 km
 Turku 74 km
 Tampere 96 km
 Helsinki 132 km

Villages
 Kartanonkylä
 Levä (Ypäjä)
 Manninen 
 Palikkala
 Perttula
 Varsanoja
 Ypäjänkylä

Other websites

 Homepage
 Horseschoolsite Finnish and English

Municipalities of Kanta-Häme
1876 establishments in Europe
1870s establishments in Finland
Infamous: Second Son

Infamous: Second Son is a PlayStation 4 open world action-adventure game made by Sucker Punch Productions and Sony. It is the third game of the Infamous series.

Plot
A Seattle graffiti artist discovers he has superhuman powers. He protects the population from the enemy terrorist organization called the Department of Unified Protection. The game is based on the continuing storyline carried out through previous ones.

References

PlayStation 4 games
Killzone: Shadow Fall

Killzone: Shadow Fall is a first-person shooter video game. It is developed by Guerrilla Games and published by Sony Computer Entertainment. It is the sixth game to be released for the Killzone series and the fourth game in the series for gaming consoles. The game was released on 15 November 2013 as a launch title for the PlayStation 4.

References

PlayStation 4 games
2013 video games
Knack

Knack is a platform video game. It is published by Sony Computer Entertainment and developed by Japan Studio working with game director Mark Cerny. The game was made for the PlayStation 4, and was released as a launch title for that video game console. It was officially announced by Cerny on February 20, 2013 during PlayStation Meeting 2013 in New York City. The game was released on November 15, 2013 in North America and November 29, 2013 in Europe. It was released in Japan on February 22, 2014. The game received generally low scores from most reviewers like IGN, but received an eight-out-of-ten from Destructiod.

Plot
Knack discovers that he has a skill ("knack") that allows him to incorporate ice, metal and other substances into his body, giving him new abilities. He then uses these powers to try to end the war between the humans and goblins.

References

PlayStation 4 games
2013 video games
Thief (video game)

Thief is a stealth video game. It was developed by Eidos Montreal. It was published by Square Enix. It is a remake of the Thief series. The game is the fourth game in its collection. It was released for the Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 3, PlayStation 4, Xbox 360 and Xbox One consoles on February 25, 2014. The game was first announced in 2009 under the working title of Thief 4, but was revealed again in March 2013 as just Thief.

References

2014 video games
Windows games
Xbox One games
PlayStation 3 games
PlayStation 4 games
Xbox 360 games
Pope Anacletus

Pope Anacletus, also sometimes referred to as Pope Cletus, was the third Pope of the Catholic Church, (the official title is Bishop of Rome).  He served from 76-88 C.E.   He established a Christian community in Ruvo, Apulia, where he baptized Christian followers in secret.

After the death of the second Pope, Linus, Anacletus returned to Rome.  He divided the area into what would today be called parishes or small groups.  He established a small chapel near the burial sites of Peter and Linus which is the site of today's Basilica of St. Peter.

He was killed during the reign of the Emperor Domitian for being a Christian leader.  He was also buried near Peter and Linus.

References 

Linus
88 deaths
Year of birth unknown
Daylight (video game)

Daylight is an upcoming survival horror video game for the PlayStation 4 and Microsoft Windows.  It was developed by Zombie Studios. It is powered by Unreal Engine 4. It was released in North America on April 29, 2014. It was released in the PAL region on April 30, 2014. It was released in Japan on August 28, 2014.

Plot
The story is centered around a woman who regains consciousness in an abandoned hospital. She has no memory of how she got there. With her mobile phone as her only source of light, she must explore the haunted hospital and its criminal past in order to escape. The terrain outside the hospital is randomly generated, so that every time you play it is different.

References

PlayStation 4 games
Windows games
2014 video games
John Berryman

John Berryman (1914–1972) was an important American poet in the second part of the 1900s. He was born in McAlester, Oklahoma October 25, 1914. He was seen as one of the chief poets of confessional poetry.

Life 

When John Berryman was born in Oklahoma, his name was John Allyn Smith, Jr.. His father was a banker named John Allyn Smith. His mother was a schoolteacher named Martha. When he was ten years old his family moved to Tampa, Florida. In 1926, when he was twelve years old, his father shot and killed himself. This haunted the poet for the rest of his life.

After his father died, his mother married another banker named John. His last name was Berryman. The poet took his father's name, so he ended up with the same last name as his stepfather. They moved to New York City. John was sent to a private boarding school in Connecticut. He went on to graduate from Columbia College.

The book Five Young American Poets had some of his earliest poems alongside other poets like Randall Jarrell. The publisher of this book also published Berryman's first book, Poems. His next book, The Dispossessed, was more mature but received mostly bad reviews. When Jarrell reviewed Berryman's book, he wrote that Berryman's poems sounded too much like William Butler Yeats. Berryman later said, "I didn't want to be like Yeats; I wanted to be Yeats."

In 1947 John Berryman started seeing a married woman while he was married to his first wife. He wrote many sonnets about her, but they were not published until 1967.

In 1950 he wrote a biography of the writer Stephen Crane, who he admired. He also published a book of poems called Homage to Mistress Bradstreet. This book also featured drawings by the artist Ben Shahn. It was his first book to get attention from people all across the United States of America.

Even though Homage to Mistress Bradstreet was successful, Berryman's biggest breakthrough came with 77 Dream Songs in 1964. This book won the Pulitzer Prize in 1965. Berryman wrote a much longer sequel, His Toy, HIs Dream, His Rest. This book was just as successful. He later combined the two into one book, The Dream Songs.

On January 7, 1972, John Berryman killed himself by jumping off the Washington Avenue Bridge in Minneapolis, Minnesota.

Poems 

Berryman wrote about shame, like mental illness and lust. He said that he was not writing about himself but about made-up people. Despite this remark, many critics believe Berryman did write about himself. John Berryman's best-known poems were called Dream Songs. He put out the 385 Dream Songs in two books: 77 Dream Songs and His Toy, His Dream, His Rest. Later he put them into one book: The Dream Songs.

References 

Poets
1914 births
1972 deaths
Destiny (video game)

Destiny is a first-person shooter video game. It uses an open world setting. It is developed by Bungie and published by Activision as part of a ten-year publishing deal. The game was released on the PlayStation 3, PlayStation 4, Xbox 360, and Xbox One video game consoles on September 9, 2014. Bungie demonstrated live gameplay footage of Destiny at Sony's E3 conference in 2013.

The player plays a guardian. The traveller is dying and it is the guardian's job to save it by defeating its one enemy, the darkness. The guardian goes to Earth, Moon, Mars and Venus. The character completes quests for the vanguard committee to save the traveller. The darkness is made up of 4 enemies: The Hive, Cabal, Vex and The Fallen.

References

2014 video games
Shooter video games
Don't Starve

Don't Starve is an action-adventure game. It uses features of a survival horror, set in an open world environment. It is developed and published by Klei Entertainment. The game was released on Microsoft Windows, OS X and Linux through Steam on April 23, 2013. It was released on the PlayStation 4 on January 7, 2014.

Characters

Wilson 
Wilson starts with nothing.
Wilson gets tricked by Maxwell, and gets taken into the world of Don't Starve.

Willow 
Willow starts with a Lighter, and a teddy bear. Willow is usually used by trolls.
Willow came from an orphanage that mysteriously burnt down.

The teddy bear is named Bernie. Bernie will attract shadow creatures, has 2,000 health, and does 50 dmg per hit.

The lighter will, as expected, light things on fire.

Wolfgang 
Wolfgang grows mighty when on a full belly, and is a very strong character. He has double damage when on a full stomach.

References

PlayStation 4 games
2013 video games
Indie video games
Dragon Age: Inquisition

Dragon Age: Inquisition is an upcoming action video game. It is developed by BioWare and published by Electronic Arts. It is a sequel to Dragon Age: Origins and Dragon Age II. It is the third major game in the Dragon Age series.

References

PlayStation 4 games
PlayStation 4-only games
2014 video games
Driveclub

Driveclub is a racing video game published by Sony Computer Entertainment. It was developed by Evolution Studios for the PlayStation 4. Driveclub was officially announced during the PlayStation 4 press conference on 20 February 2013. The game was released on 7 October 2014.

References

2014 video games
PlayStation 4 games
Racing video games
Mad Max (video game)

Mad Max is an upcoming video game. It is set in an open world environment after civilization has been destroyed. It is based on the Mad Max film series. It is published by Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment and developed by Avalanche Studios.

The game was officially revealed at E3 on June 10, 2013 during a Sony press conference. It is set to be released for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 3, PlayStation 4, Xbox 360 and Xbox One in 2015.

References

PlayStation 4 games
2014 video games
Pope Clement I

Pope Clement was the fourth Pope of the Catholic Church, (the official title is Bishop of Rome).  He served the early Catholic Church from 8897 C.E.  He was born in Velletri, Latium and came from a very important family.  He was the son of a Roman senator, Faustinus, and the cousin of Roman consul Tiberius Flavius Clemens.

He was recognized as a great historian and recorded many important events in his time such as the martyrdom of his predecessors and the settling of disputes among Christians.  During a time of trouble within the Christian community, Clement wrote to the church in Corinth, asking them to end their dispute with their fellow Christians, which they did.  This established the precedent of Popes being the final person to decide the rules within the Church.  He either established, or continued the practice of recording the laws and customs of the Church.

Clement's persecution began with Emperor Trajan who sent him to do hard labor in a mine.  He used that time to teach his fellow Christians and it was said that during that time he even taughted some pagans in Christianity.  He is also credited with performing a miracle during that time.  He is know as the "Pope of Convicts".

His martyrdom was described as being tied to an anchor and dragged out to sea.

His relics and the anchor were retrieved and preserved in a church that was submerged in the Black Sea.  During part of the year, it can still be seen and entered into today.

This pope has been very highly regarded through the centuries and is still honored today by the  Russian Orthodox Catholics in Ukraine and by all Catholics in their ceremonial liturgy. He is considered a Saint of the church and his feast day is November 23.

References 

Linus
97 deaths
Year of birth unknown
Fantasia

Fantasia can mean several things:

 Fantasia (music), an improvised musical composition
 Fantasia (Fantasia Barrino album), 2006
 Fantasia (Yolandita Monge album), 1980
 Fantasía, an album by Franco De Vita, 1986
 Fantasia, an album by pianist Yuja Wang, 2012
 Fantasia (movie), an animated musical movie from 1940, produced by Walt Disney
 Fantasia 2000, sequel to the 1940 movie, released in 1999
 Fantasia (video game), a game for the Sega Mega Drive from 1991
 Fantasia Barrino (born 1984), singer who won the third season of American Idol

Related pages 
 Fantasy (disambiguation)
Romance (love)

Romance or romantic love is a feeling of excitement and mystery associated with love. In relationships, it involves a strong emotional attraction towards the other person. A romantic relationship focuses on feelings rather than sex. Romantic love is the opposite of platonic love.

Romance is often strongest at the beginning of relationships. It comes with uncertainty and anxiety that the love may not be returned.

An example of love is that of Carla, for Quinten, as she loves him most.

The modern concept of romantic love comes from the medieval ideals of chivalry, as set out in its chivalric romance literature. It was made popular in Western culture by the concept of courtly love. Knights were often said to have had intimate relationships with the noble ladies they served. These relationships were usually not physical. Since marriage was commonly just a formal arrangement without love, courtly love allowed women to be emotionally intimate with a man.

Romance is a major theme found in art, particularly literature and fiction. It is often found in fairy tales, women's fiction and the writings of people like William Shakespeare.

Related pages 
 Platonic love
 Chivalric romance
 Romantic friendship
 Romanticism
 Valentine's Day
 Dating
 Romantic orientation
 Romeo and Juliet

References 

Emotions
2010–11 Chicago Blackhawks season

The 2010–11 Chicago Blackhawks season was the team's 85th season in the National Hockey League (NHL). The team suffered from salary cap restrictions and lost several players due to it. They also had to recover from winning their first Stanley Cup in 40 years. The team was defeated in the first round of the Stanley Cup Playoffs by the Presidents' Trophy-winning Vancouver Canucks.

Regular season

Playoffs

References 

2010 in ice hockey
2011 in ice hockey
National Hockey League team seasons
Alexander Varshavsky

Alexander Jacob Varshavsky (; born November 8, 1946) is a Russian-American biochemist, noted for his discovery of the N-end rule of ubiquitination. A native of Moscow, he is currently researching at Caltech.

In 2014 he was awarded the $3 million Breakthrough Prize in Life Sciences for his work.

References

Other websites
 The Official Site of Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize
 Caltech bio 
 The Gotham prize 

1946 births
Living people
American academics
American biochemists
Naturalized citizens of the United States
People from Moscow
Russian scientists
Wolf Prize winners
California Institute of Technology faculty
Educators from California
Hugo Stiglitz

Hugo Stiglitz (born August 28, 1940) is an Mexican actor who has appeared in over 100 movies. 

He was known for his roles in Tintorera and La Noche de los mil gatos. He is known in the United States for his roles in Under the Volcano. Quentin Tarantino named a character "Hugo Stiglitz" (played by actor Til Schweiger) in the movie Inglourious Basterds in his honor.

In 2013, Stiglitz played Juan "Johnny" Bravo in Eugenio Derbez comedy movie Instructions Not Included.

Stiglitz was born on August 27, 1940 in Mexico City, Mexico.

Other websites

Profile on Cinefania site.
Biography on Yahoo! Movies site.

1940 births
Living people
Mexican movie actors
Mexican television actors
Mexican stage actors
Actors from Mexico City
Guilt (emotion)

Guilt is a feeling that a person has when they realise or believe that they have done something wrong. This usually depends on that person's own conscience, their understanding of right and wrong. Guilt is usually related to remorse ("feeling sorry"). The American Psychological Association (APA) defines guilt as a “self-conscious emotion” denoted by a “painful appraisal of having done (or thought) something that is wrong.” It also notes that such emotion can inspire people to reverse or compensate for perceived wrongdoing.

The origins of guilt as a human emotion are widely debated and theorized within many different disciplines. Examples of avenues through which guilt may be derived include society, culture, religion, and family.

According to Carolyn Zahn-Waxler, professor of psychology at the University of Wisconsin–Madison, and Grazyna Kochanska, professor of developmental psychology at the University of Iowa, people first experience guilt during conscious development in childhood. Because guilt is complex and empathetic, many professionals characterize it as a defining emotion that distinguishes humans from other animals.

Guilt can sometimes cause anxiety. A person may react to their guilt in either a peaceful or violent way. A person might begin blaming the victim of their own actions. Guilt contributes to many psychological conditions and to psychopathy. For example, some researchers suggest that sociopaths have little or no regard for others and therefore feel little guilt. Conversely, people who have schizophrenia or depression feel too much guilt and may find themselves projecting guilt onto hallucinations or ruminating on past mistakes. Additionally, people who experience anxiety disorders, such as generalized anxiety disorder or obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), may become preoccupied with guilt about their thoughts or actions.

References 

Emotions
Carmen Salinas

Carmen Salinas Lozano (October 5, 1939 – December 9, 2021) was a Mexican actress, impressionist, comedian, politician and theatre entrepreneur. She was thought to be one of the first actress' in Mexico. She has appeared in over 100 movies.

She was known for her roles in María Mercedes, Hombre en llamas, La rose de Guadalupe, La familia P. Luche, Mujeres Asesinas 2, and in Parodiando. Salinas is known for her movie role in Abrázame muy fuerte.

Salinas was born on October 5, 1939 in Torreón, Coahuila, Mexico.

Political and legislative career 
In an interview conducted with El Universal in March 2015, Salinas declared that she "had been a priísta ever since [she] had the use of reason".

In 2015, the PRI placed Salinas on its proportional representation list for election from the fourth electoral region, winning her a seat in the Chamber of Deputies for the LXIII Legislature of the Mexican Congress; Salinas served on the Gender Equality, Radio and Television, and Health Commissions. Salinas, who only completed primary school, had the lowest educational level of all the deputies in the legislature.

Death
Salinas had a stroke caused by hypertension on November 11, 2021 in Mexico City and was hospitalized while in a coma. She died a month later on December 9, 2021 at the age of 82.

Awards and nominations

Death

On November 11, 2021, Salinas suffered a cerebral hemorrhage, brought upon by hypertension, which caused her to lapse into a coma. Salinas never regained consciousness and passed away on December 9, 2021, at the age of 82 in Mexico City.

References

Other websites
 
 Biografía de Carmen Salinas  

1939 births
2021 deaths
Mexican politicians
Deaths from stroke
Mexican movie actors
Mexican television actors
Mexican stage actors
Mexican voice actors
Coahuila
Through the Wormhole

Through the Wormhole is an American science documentary television series. It is narrated and hosted by Morgan Freeman. It has different episodes explaining about the wormhole, the universe, and mysteries about life. It's musical score is composed by Hans Zimmer. It's first episode was broadcasted on June 9, 2010.

2010 establishments in the United States
American television series
Documentaries
Patricia Reyes Spíndola

Patricia Verónica Núñez Reyes Spíndola (born July 11, 1953) is a Mexican actress, television director and producer. She has appeared in over 150 movies since her career began in 1974. Her first movie role was in La otra virginidad. She twice appeared in the Mexican crime series Mujeres Asesinas. Spíndola appeared in the 2002 movie Frida.

Spíndola was born on July 11, 1953 in Oaxaca, Mexico.

Other websites

HWK Biography

1953 births
Living people
Mexican movie actors
Mexican television actors
Mexican stage actors
Television directors
Television producers
People from Oaxaca
Edmond Classen

Edmond Alphons Antoine Marie Classen (May 16, 1938 – January 27, 2014) was an Dutch movie, stage, and television actor. Classen appeared on many movies and over 50 television shows since his career began in 1975. His first role was in Amsterdam 700. His last role was in the 2012 movie Black Out.

Classen was born on May 16, 1938 in Arnhem, Netherlands. His daughter, Kiki Classen, is also a Dutch actress. Classen died on January 27, 2014 in his home in Arnhem, Netherlands from heart failure, aged 75.

References

Other websites
 
 List of Classen's movie and biography 

1938 births
2014 deaths
Cardiovascular disease deaths in the Netherlands
Deaths from heart failure
Dutch movie actors
Dutch stage actors
Dutch television actors
People from Arnhem
Pope Evaristus

Pope Evaristus is the fifth Pope of the Catholic Church, (the official title is Bishop of Rome).  There is very little information about him.  He served in Christianity during the years 97-105 C.E.

Author Charles A. Coulombe states that he was a Jew and came from a Jewish family from Antioch, Turkey.

Pope Evaristus is noted for further developing the parishes of the Catholic Church, a work started by Pope Anacletus.  He is also credited with ordering that all Churches be consecrated (blessed) by special ceremonies.  He created a method of choosing future bishops by the creation of a group which is now known as the College of Cardinals.

He was martyred during the reign of Emperor Hadrian. His feast day is celebrated on October 26.

References 

Linus
100s deaths
Year of birth unknown
Li Na (tennis)

Li Na (born February 26, 1982) is a Chinese retired professional tennis player. As of January 2014, Li has won 9 WTA and 19 ITF singles titles.

On September 19, 2014, Li announced that she was retiring from tennis after she had missed the US Open Series because of a left knee injury.

References

Other websites

 
 
 
 Li Na at Sina Weibo

1982 births
Australian Open champions
Chinese sportspeople
Female tennis players
French Open champions
Living people
Einstein's Cross

Einstein's Cross  is an image of a quasar which is 8,000,000,000 light years (ly) or 2,500,000,000 parsecs (pc) away.

The quasar sits directly behind ZW 2237+030, Huchra's lens, the lensing galaxy. Four images of the same distant quasar appear around this foreground galaxy due to strong gravitational lensing.

According to its redshift, the quasar is about 8 billion light years from Earth, while the lensing galaxy is only 400 million light years away.

Amateur astronomers are able to see some of the cross using telescopes but it requires extremely dark skies and telescope mirrors with diameters of 18 inches or greater.

References 

Astronomical objects
Asa Akira

Asa Akira (born January 3, 1986) is the stage name of an American pornographic actress and model. Akira has appeared in over 505 adult films as of May 2016.

Awards

References

Other websites

1986 births
Living people
Actors from Manhattan
American adult models
American pornographic actors
Models from Manhattan
American erotic dancers
American feminists
Actors from Tokyo
San Fernando, Pampanga

San Fernando is a city in the Philippine province of Pampanga. It is the capital of that province. It is  north of Manila,  east of Subic Bay in the Zambales province, and  south of Clark Air Base in Angeles City.

The city is named after Fernando VI of Spain. Its patron saint is Saint Ferdinand III of Castile and León. It is known as the "Christmas Capital of the Philippines". The city holds the annual Giant Lantern Festival every December where large lanterns are displayed in competition.

Barangays
The City of San Fernando has 35 barangays.

Media
DWPF-AM 1152 kHz (Audiovisual Communicators)

Notable Fernandinos
José Abad Santos, a former Chief Justice (featured in PHP1000 bill)
Pedro Abad Santos, a former assemblyman and founder of the Socialist Party
Sotero J. Baluyut, a former senator and cabinet secretary
Vivencio Cuyugan, first Socialist mayor in the Philippines
Amando G. Dayrit, a renowned pre-war newspaper columnist
Conrado Dayrit, a cardiologist, virgin coconut oil proponent and President of the National Academy of Science and Technology (1992–1999)
Nicolasa Dayrit, a revolutionary hero
Brillante Mendoza, award-winning film director
Fernando H. Ocampo, a founder of the UST College of Architecture and Fine Arts

References

Other websites

City of San Fernando, Pampanga Official Website

Cities in the Philippines
1754 establishments
Jorge Obeid

Jorge Alberto Obeid (24 November 1947 – 28 January 2014) was an Argentine Justicialist Party (PJ) politician, currently an Argentine Chamber of Deputies and former governor of Santa Fe Province until 2007.

Obeid was born in Diamante, Entre Ríos on 24 November 1947. He died on 28 January 2014 of a pulmonary embolism.

References

Other websites
 Santa Fe Province

1947 births
2014 deaths
Deaths from pulmonary embolism
Argentine politicians
Hans Georg Dehmelt

Hans Georg Dehmelt (9 September 1922 – 7 March 2017) was a German-born American physicist. He was awarded Nobel Prize in Physics in 1989, for co-developing the ion trap technique with Wolfgang Paul. They shared one-half of the prize (the other half of the Prize in that year was awarded to Norman Foster Ramsey). Their technique was used for high precision measurement of the electron g-factor.

Dehmelt died on 7 March 2017 in the Seattle, Washington from natural causes, aged 94.

References

Other websites
Autobiography
Nobel prize press release
University of Washington home page

1922 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from natural causes
Disease-related deaths in Washington (state)
Naturalized citizens of the United States
German physicists 
Görlitz Rural District
Norman Foster Ramsey Jr.

Norman Foster Ramsey, Jr. (August 27, 1915 – November 4, 2011) was an American physicist. He was awarded the 1989 Nobel Prize in Physics with Hans Georg Dehmelt.

Ramsay was born on August 27, 1915 in Washington, D.C.. He studied at Columbia University and at the University of Cambridge.

He was a physics professor at Harvard University for most of his career, Ramsey also held several posts with such government and international agencies as NATO and the United States Atomic Energy Commission.  Among his other accomplishments are helping to found the United States Department of Energy's Brookhaven National Laboratory and Fermilab.

Ramsay was a Democrat. Ramsay died on November 4, 2011 in Wayland, Massachusetts from natural causes, aged 96.

References

Books

Other websites
Photograph, Biography and Bibliographic Resources, from the Office of Scientific and Technical Information, United States Department of Energy
Group photograph  taken at Lasers '93 including (right to left) Norman F. Ramsey, Marlan Scully, and F. J. Duarte.
"Norman Ramsey and the Separated Oscillatory Fields Method". Office of Scientific and Technical Information, U.S. DOE. Retrieved on 2 March 2009.
Norman Ramsey, an oral history conducted in 1995 by Andrew Goldstein, IEEE History Center, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.

1915 births
2011 deaths
Deaths from natural causes
American physicists
Educators from Washington, D.C.
Democrats (United States)
Scientists from Washington, D.C.
Writers from Washington, D.C.
Harvard University faculty
Leo Esaki

Reona Esaki (江崎 玲於奈 Esaki Reona, born March 12, 1925), also known as Leo Esaki, is a Japanese physicist. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1973 with Ivar Giaever and Brian David Josephson. He won the prize for his discovery of the phenomenon of electron tunneling. 

He is known for his invention of the Esaki diode, which exploited that phenomenon. This research was done when he was with Tokyo Tsushin Kogyo (now known as Sony). He has also contributed in being a pioneer of the semiconductor superlattice while he was with IBM.

Esaki was born on March 12, 1925 in Osaka, Japan. He studied at the University of Tokyo.

References

Other websites
 Leo Esaki – Biography.  Retrieved Aug. 5, 2003 from http://www.nobel.se/physics/laureates/1973/esaki-bio.html 
 IBM record
 IEEE History Center – Leo Esaki. Retrieved Jul. 19, 2011 from http://www.ieeeghn.org/wiki/index.php/Leo_Esaki
 Sony History – The Esaki Diode.  Retrieved Aug. 5, 2003 from http://www.sony.net/Fun/SH/1-7/h5.html 
Freeview video 'An Interview with Leo Esaki' by the Vega Science Trust

1925 births
Living people
Japanese physicists
Japanese educators
People from Osaka
Japanese Nobel Prize winners
University of Tokyo alumni