cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Degree of freedom

Degree of freedom of a particle or a body is simply the number of ways in which it can possess energy (transnational energy, rotational energy, vibrational energy).
It may be simply defined as the number of independent coordinates required to define motion of that body.

Engineering
Anthony Knockaert

Anthony Patrick Knockaert (born 20 November 1991) is a French professional footballer. He plays as a winger for Premier League club Brighton & Hove Albion.

References

1991 births
Living people
French footballers
Charles P. Thacker

Charles Patrick "Chuck" Thacker (February 26, 1943 – June 12, 2017) was an American pioneer computer designer. He worked on the Xerox Alto, which is the first computer that used a mouse-driven Graphical User Interface. He was known for being the co-inventor of the ethernet.

Thacker died on June 12, 2017 from complications from esophageal cancer in Palo Alto, California at the age of 74.

References

Other websites
 Thacker biography, Microsoft
 An interview with Chuck Thacker
 IEEE John von Neumann Medal Recipients
 Chuck Thacker Attains Computing’s Peak
 Podcast interview with Chuck Thacker upon receipt of Turing Award by  , Stephen Ibaraki

1943 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from esophageal cancer
Cancer deaths in California
American computer scientists
American inventors
Educators from Pasadena, California
Businesspeople from California
Scientists from Pasadena, California
Ulf Stark

Ulf Gottfrid Stark (12 July 1944 – 13 June 2017) was a Swedish author and screenwriter. He adapted several of his own books for movies and wrote the screenplay for the 1999 movie Tsatsiki, morsan och polisen.

From 1989 to 1998 he was an elected member of the Swedish Academy for Children's Books.

In 1998 he received the Nordic Children's Book Prize.

Stark died 13 June 2017 in Stockholm, Sweden from pancreatic cancer at the age of 72.

References

1944 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from pancreatic cancer
Cancer deaths in Sweden
Swedish novelists
Swedish screenwriters
Writers from Stockholm
Josefina Villalobos

Josefina Villalobos (born August 5, 1924) is an American-born Colombian-Ecuadorian public servant. She was the First Lady of Ecuador serving from August 10, 1992 through August 10, 1996 when her husband, Sixto Durán Ballén, served as President of Ecuador.

Ballén and Villalobos had eight children. After Ballén left office, the two retired and lived in Quito, Ecuador. On November 15, 2016, Ballén died at the age of 95.

References

Other websites

1924 births
Living people
Colombian people
First Ladies of Ecuador
People from New York City
People from Quito
Frank Windsor

Frank Windsor (born Frank W. Higgins; 12 July 1928 – 30 September 2020) was an English actor, mainly on television. He was born in Walsall, Staffordshire. His career began in 1959. His most famous role was as Detective Sergeant John Watt in Z-Cars from 1962-65. He also starred in its spin-offs Softly, Softly and Softly, Softly: Taskforce from 1966-76.

He had regular roles in the BBC drama Casualty; the ITV drama Peak Practice; he played Major Charlie Grace in EastEnders (1992); and appeared twice in Doctor Who.

He died on 30 September 2020 at the age of 92.

Movies
 This Sporting Life (1963)
 Spring and Port Wine (1969)
 Sunday Bloody Sunday (1971)
 Assassin (1973)
 Barry McKenzie Holds His Own (1974)
 Who Is Killing the Great Chefs of Europe? (1978)
 The London Connection (1979)
 Coming Out of the Ice (1982)
 The Shooting Party (1985)
 Revolution (1985)
 Out of Order (1987)
 Between Two Women (2000)

References

Other websites
 

2020 deaths
1928 births
English movie actors
English television actors
English stage actors
English voice actors
People from Staffordshire
Niederstetten

Niederstetten is a town in the Main-Tauber district in the state of Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is 14 km southeast of Bad Mergentheim, and 19 km west of Rothenburg ob der Tauber.

References
Győr

Győr (; , ) is the sixth-largest city in Hungary and the capital of Győr-Moson-Sopron county. In 2016, 131.267 people lived there.

Twin towns − Sister cities
Győr is twinned with:

  Kuopio, Finland
  Erfurt, Germany
  Sindelfingen, Germany
  Ingolstadt, Germany
  Colmar, France
  Bryansk, Russia
  Brașov, Romania
  Nazareth Illit, Israel
  Wuhan, China
  Poznań, Poland
  Montevideo, Uruguay

Other websites

 Official site 

Cities in Hungary
Rümlang

Rümlang is a municipality in the district of Dielsdorf in the canton of Zurich in Switzerland. Zurich Airport is in Rümlang.

References

Other websites

 Official Website 

Municipalities of Zürich
British and Irish Lions

The British and Irish Lions is a rugby union team selected from players from the national sides of England, Ireland, Scotland and Wales. The side tours every four years, changing between Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. The 2009 Test series was lost 2–1 to South Africa, while the 2013 Test series was won 2–1 over Australia.

Rugby union
Alun Wyn Jones

Alun Wyn Jones (born 19 September 1985) is a Welsh rugby union player. He is the captain of the Wales national team, and the Ospreys. He is Wales' most capped lock forward and Wales' second most capped player behind Gethin Jenkins. He has also won seven caps for the British and Irish Lions.
Born in Swansea, Jones played his first rugby for Bonymaen RFC. Having previously represented Wales at under-21 level,he played his first match for Wales in June 2006 against Argentina. Also in 2009 Jones was one of 13 Welsh players selected in the squad for the British and Irish Lions tour to South Africa.He scored a try in his first match for the Lions against the Royal XV.In the 2019 rugby World Cup he captained Wales to the semi finals but then lost to South Africa.

Personal life
Jones is married to Anwen . They have a daughter named Mali.

1985 births
Living people
Welsh rugby union players
Leigh Halfpenny

Stephen 'Leigh' Halfpenny (born 22 December 1988) is a Wales and British and Irish Lions international rugby union player.

1988 births
Living people
Welsh rugby union players
Dan Biggar

Daniel "Dan" Biggar (born 16 October 1989) is a Welsh international rugby union outside-half. He plays club rugby for the Northampton Saints. He is the youngest player to reach 100 games for the Ospreys. On 7 December 2015, Biggar won the BBC Cymru Sports Personality of the Year Award.

References

1989 births
Living people
Welsh rugby union players
Sam Warburton

Sam Kennedy-Warburton (born 5 October 1988), known as Sam Warburton, is a Welsh international rugby union player. Warburton plays rugby for the Cardiff Blues and was first capped for Wales in 2009. He plays as an openside flanker but is also can play blindside. In June 2011, he was named as Wales captain versus the Barbarians and in August 2011 he was named as the Wales captain for the 2011 Rugby World Cup. In April 2013, he was named the British and Irish Lions captain for the 2013 tour to Australia, and was also named as captain for the 2017 tour to New Zealand Warburton holds the record for the most Wales caps as captain.

References

1988 births
Living people
Welsh rugby union players
George North

George Philip North (born 13 April 1992) is a Welsh and British and Irish Lions international rugby union player. His usual position is winger! He has also played at outside centre. He currently plays club rugby for Northampton Saints in the Aviva Premiership.

References

1992 births
Living people
Welsh rugby union players
Rhys Webb

Rhys Webb (born 9 December 1988) is a Welsh international rugby union player who plays at Scrum-half for Ospreys and Wales.

References

1988 births
Living people
Welsh rugby union players
Liberec

Liberec (, ) is the fifth-largest city in the Czech Republic. It is on the Lusatian Neisse and surrounded by the Jizera Mountains and Ještěd-Kozákov Ridge. It has a population of 100 000. It was first mentioned in 1352.

Twin towns – Sister cities
Liberec is twinned with:

  Amersfoort, Netherlands
  Amiens, France
  Augsburg, Germany
  Nahariya, Israel
  St. Gallen, Switzerland
  Zittau, Germany
  Dunkirk (Dunkerque), France
  Kovrov, Russia

References

Other websites

 Official website 

Cities in the Czech Republic
Sunyani

Sunyani is a city and the capital town of the Brong-Ahafo Region and the Sunyani Municipal of Ghana. As of 2012, the population was 248,496.

Settlements in Ghana
Serravalle (San Marino)

Serravalle is the largest commune of San Marino. It has 10,591 people.

Municipalities of San Marino
Rüschlikon

Rüschlikon is a municipality in the district of Horgen in the canton of Zurich in Switzerland.

Gallery

References

Other websites

 Official Website 

Municipalities of Zürich
Dalaas

Dalaas is a municipality in the district of Bludenz in the Austrian state of Vorarlberg.

References

Settlements in Vorarlberg
Russikon

Russikon is a municipality in the district of Pfäffikon in the canton of Zurich in Switzerland.

Villages
Rumlikon, Madetswil, Sennhof, Wilhof, Gündisau and Ludetswil

Gallery

References

Other websites

 Official website of Russikon 

Municipalities of Zürich
Rüti, Zürich

Rüti is a municipality of the district of Hinwil in the canton of Zurich in Switzerland. Jona river flows through the municipality.

Gallery

References

Other websites

 Official website of the city of Rüti 

Municipalities of Zürich
Cities in Switzerland
Schlatt, Zürich

Schlatt bei Winterthur is a municipality of the district of Winterthur in the canton of Zurich in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

 Official website of the municipality of Schlatt 

Municipalities of Zürich
Schleinikon

Schleinikon is a municipality of the district of Dielsdorf in the Swiss canton of Zurich.

Gallery

References

Other websites

 Official Website 
 

Municipalities of Zürich
Bergholtz, Haut-Rhin

Bergholtz is a commune. It is found in the Haut-Rhin department of eastern France.

Communes in Haut-Rhin
Bergholtzzell

Bergholtzzell is a commune. It is found in the Haut-Rhin department of eastern France.

Communes in Haut-Rhin
Bernwiller

Bernwiller is a commune. It is found in the Haut-Rhin department of eastern France. On 1 January 2016, the former commune Ammertzwiller was merged into Bernwiller.

References 

Communes in Haut-Rhin
Berrwiller

Berrwiller is a commune. It is in the Haut-Rhin department. This in the east of France.

Communes in Haut-Rhin
Wimblington

Wimblington is a village in Cambridgeshire in the United Kingdom.

Villages in Cambridgeshire
Hōfu

Hōfu () is a city in Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan.

History 
Hōfu (防府) means "the capital (国府) of Suō Province (周防国)". The eastern part of Yamaguchi Prefecture used to be called called Suō Province.

The city was founded on August 25, 1936. The city's change over the past fifty years is shown in the animated movie Mai Mai Miracle, and the story takes place in the year 1955 (with flashbacks that go 1,000 years further back).

References 

Cities in Japan
Birganj

Birganj or Birgunj is a metropolitan city and border town in Parsa District in the Narayani Zone of southern Nepal.As an entry point to Nepal from Patna and Kolkata, Birgunj is known as the "Gateway to Nepal". It is also called "Commercial capital of Nepal". The town has significant economic importance for Nepal as most of the trade with India is via Birgunj and the Indian town of Raxaul.

Cities in Nepal
Houston County, Texas

Houston County is a county in the U.S. state of Texas. In 2010, 23,732 people lived there. The county seat is Crockett.

Texas counties
Nacogdoches County, Texas

Nacogdoches County is a county in the U.S. state of Texas. In 2010, 64,524 people lived there. The county seat is Nacogdoches.

Texas counties
Sulz am Neckar

Sulz am Neckar is a town in the district of Rottweil in the German state of Baden-Württemberg. It is on the river Neckar, 22 km north of Rottweil, and 19 km southeast of Freudenstadt.

References
Probate

Probate is the legal process through which the will of a deceased person is accepted and handled by a court. The probate process includes confirming that the will, paying the deceased person's debts, and distributing the deceased person's money and property as directed by the will. In many jurisdictions the court where probate take place is called a probate court.

The probate process includes the following steps:
Filing of the will and opening an estate in the probate court,
Giving notice of the probate proceeding to legal heirs, beneficiaries and creditors,
Verifying that the will is legal and valid,
Figuring out the value of the property in the deceased person's estate,
Paying the debts of the estate, including taxes, and
Giving the heirs of the estate their inheritances, the gifts that the deceased person left to them in the will.

For people who die without much money or property, many jurisdictions allow simplified probate proceedings that are cheaper and easier to carry out.

References

Law
Hazel Levesque

Hazel Levesque is a character from Rick Riordan's Heroes Of Olympus series. She died in the 1940s and was brought back to life by her half-brother Nico di Angelo. She is in a relationship with Frank Zhang. She has gold eyes and brown skin and curly dark hair.

Characters in written fiction
Washington County, Texas

Washington County is a county in the U.S. state of Texas. In 2010, 33,718 people lived there. The county seat is Brenham.

Texas counties
Coryell County, Texas

Coryell County is a county in the U.S. state of Texas. In 2010, 75,388 people lived there. The county seat is Gatesville.

Texas counties
DeWitt County, Texas

DeWitt County is a county in the U.S. state of Texas. In 2010, 20,097 people lived there. The county seat is Cuero.

Texas counties
Goliad County, Texas

Goliad County is a county in the U.S. state of Texas. In 2010, 7,210 people lived there. The county seat is Goliad.

Texas counties
Jean Nicot

Jean Nicot, sieur de de Villemain (born 1530 in Nîmes, died 1600 ij Paris) was a French nobleman, and diplomat. He was the French ambassador in Lisbon, from 1559 to 1561. He also negotiated the marriage of princess Margaret of Valois, who was five years old at the time, with prince Sebastian of Portugal, who was six years old at the time.

When Nicot returned, he brought tobacco plants. He introduced snuff tobacco to the French royal court. In particular, he presented the queen mother, Catherine de' Medici, with tobacco leaves to cure her of her migraines. The plant was also an instant success with the Father Superior of Malta, who shared tobacco with all of his monks. More and more of the fashionable people of Paris began to use the plant, making Nicot a celebrity.At first, the plant was called Nicotina. But nicotine later came to refer specifically to the particular chemical in the plant. The tobacco plant, Nicotiana, also a flowering garden plant, was named after him by Carl Linnaeus, as was nicotine. Nicot described its believed medicinal properties (1559) and sent it as a medicine to the French court.For his service to the French royal court, Nicot was given the name 'de Villemain' and land near Brie-Comte-Robert. There, he compiled one of the first French dictionaries, Thresor de la langue françoyse tant ancienne que moderne (published in 1606).

References 

1530 births
1600 deaths
French nobility
Ambassadors of France
Subsidized housing

Subsidized housing is the idea to create housing opportunities (usually flats) for people who have trouble finding a flat on the free market. Usually, this means that there is a maximum rent. Very often, the government pays part (or all) of this rent. People who get the apartments or flats need to meet certain criteria.

Everyday life
Raynaud's syndrome

Raynaud's Syndrome  --   poor             flow of blood in a narrow line under the skin.? This is due to smaller arteries.
It is mostly found more in women than in men. It is a disease  attributed  to  the  Celts, a  race  of  people   originally  found  in  northern  U K ,and  spread  from  Scotland  to  Ireland,the  Isle of Man, and  north  Wales ,and  now ,of course,  can  be  found  in  any  part   of  the  United  Kingdom ,even  to  the  extent  that  some  members only of a family  may  have  the  classical  signs  of a celt (  ginger hair, freckles,  blue  eyes ,   and   very  thin  skin  which  does not  take  a tan)  and    are  prone  to  complaints  which  show  poor  circulation.  The  circulation  problem  shows  itself  in  having  very  cold  fingers   on  the  hands and  also  very  cold  toes  ,and  even  legs during the very  cold  weather  of   mid-winter .It is  possible  to  go  through  life  without  having  

heard   of  Raynaud's  Syndrome (or  Disease)  as  it  is  sometimes  called, when  one  is  clearly   of   the   tribe!  Nothing  to  worry  about  ,though,  usually, but  it  can  become  more   of a  problem  as  people  age. Look  right  at   the   example  of it   and   it  is  clear, so  if  you   have  had   this   experience  then   have  a word with  your doctor ,some time.

Diseases and disorders of the cardiovascular system
Autoimmune diseases
2017 Congressional baseball shooting

On June 14, 2017, in Alexandria, Virginia, James Thomas Hodgkinson opened fire on several Republican members of Congress and their staffers, who were practicing for the Congressional Baseball Game scheduled for the next day.  

A ten-minute shootout ensued between Hodgkinson and officers from the Capitol Police and Alexandria Police. Hodgkinskon shot five people, including House Majority Whip  Steve Scalise (R–LA) and two Capitol Police officers assigned to protect him; one of the officers shot Hodgkinson, who later died from his wounds. Police have not commented on his motivation.

Scalise was the first sitting member of Congress to have been shot since Arizona Representative Gabrielle Giffords was attacked in the 2011 Tucson shooting.

President Donald Trump issued a statement saying, "We are deeply saddened by this tragedy. Our thoughts and prayers are with the members of Congress, their staffs, Capitol Police, first responders, and all others affected." Vice President Pence made similar comments.

References

2017 crimes
June 2017 events
2017 in Virginia
Alexandria, Virginia
Gheorghe Gușet

Gheorghe Guşet (28 May 1968 – 12 June 2017) was a Romanian shot putter. He competed at the 1992, 2000 and 2004 Olympics and had his best result in 2004, aged 36 (14th place). Guşet was noted for being competitive in his late 30s, and set his all-time personal record aged 38, while most shot putters peak in their late 20s or early 30s. Due to health problems (chronic kidney disease) he was forced to retire from competitions in 2008.

Guşet died on 12 June 2017 in Cluj Napoca, Romania from an aortic dissection at the age of 49.

References

1968 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from aortic dissection
Romanian sportspeople
Olympians
Aortic dissection

Aortic dissection occurs when a tear in the inside of the aorta causes blood to flow between the layers of the wall of the aorta, forcing the layers apart. In most cases this is associated with a sudden onset of severe chest or back pain, often described as "tearing" in character. 

Also, vomiting, sweating, and lightheadedness may occur. Other symptoms may result from decreased blood supply to other organs such as stroke or mesenteric ischemia. Aortic dissection can quickly lead to death as a result of not enough blood flow to the heart or rupture of the aorta.

Aortic dissection is more common in those with a history of high blood pressure, a number of connective tissue diseases that affect blood vessel wall strength such as Marfan syndrome, a bicuspid aortic valve, and previous heart surgery.

References

Other websites

Cardiology
Diseases
Patricia Knatchbull, 2nd Countess Mountbatten of Burma

Patricia Edwina Victoria Knatchbull, 2nd Countess Mountbatten of Burma (14 February 1924 – 13 June 2017) was a British peeress and the third cousin of Queen Elizabeth II. She was the elder daughter of Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma and his wife, the heiress Edwina Ashley, a patrilineal descendant of the Earls of Shaftesbury, first ennobled in 1661.

Knatchbull was the elder sister of Lady Pamela Hicks, and first cousin to Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh and the last surviving baptismal sponsor to Prince Charles, Prince of Wales.

Biography
Mountbatten succeeded her father when he was assassinated in 1979, as his peerages had been created by the Crown with special remainder to his daughters and their heirs male. This inheritance accorded her the title of countess and a seat in the House of Lords, where she remained until 1999, when the House of Lords Act 1999 removed most hereditary peers from the House.

Knatchbull died on 13 June 2017 in Kent, England at the age of 93.

Titles and styles
 14 February 192423 August 1946: Miss Patricia Mountbatten
 23 August26 October 1946: The Honourable Patricia Mountbatten 
 26 October 194627 August 1979: The Right Honourable The Lady Brabourne 
 27 August 197913 June 2017: The Right Honourable The Countess Mountbatten of Burma

References

Other websites
Regiments.org on Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry
 mountbattenofburma.com - Tribute & Memorial web-site to Louis, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma 
 About Us - Patrons of The Compassionate Friends

1924 births
2017 deaths
British military personnel of World War II
British royalty
Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
People from Westminster
Ernestina Herrera de Noble

Ernestina Herrera de Noble (June 7, 1925 – June 14, 2017) was an Argentine publisher and executive. She was the largest shareholder of the Grupo Clarín media conglomerate and director of the flagship Clarín newspaper. She was the first woman to become director of a mainstream newspaper in South America.

Early life
Ernestina Laura Herrera was born in Buenos Aires in 1925. She became a Flamenco dancer and met the founding publisher of Clarín, Roberto Noble, around 1950.

Career
As his widow, she inherited a controlling stake in Clarín, Argentina's most widely circulated newspaper since 1965. Despite its large circulation, however, Clarín suffered financial difficulties when Mrs. Noble inherited the director's post.

Under her leadership, Clarín extended its reach into Argentine media, purchasing two second-ranked outlets, Radio Mitre and Channel 13, in 1990, Multicanal Cable TV in 1992, and other stations and magazines. She extended the partnership with La Nación by leading Clarín into a joint wire service, Diarios y Noticias (DyN), in 1982, and into a holding company in 1997.

Death
De Noble died on June 14, 2017 from pneumonia in Buenos Aires, aged 92.

References

1925 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from pneumonia
Disease-related deaths in Argentina
Argentine writers
Argentine businesspeople
Argentine journalists
People from Buenos Aires
Sam Beazley

Sam Beazley (29 March 1916 – 12 June 2017) was a British actor.  He began acting as a teenager in the 1930s. He appeared with John Gielgud in productions of Hamlet (1934) and Romeo and Juliet (1935). 

He returned to acting when he was 75. Since then has appeared in a variety of stage and movie productions. In his 90s, he became a painter. He was known for his role as Everard in Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix (2007).

Beazley died on 12 June 2017 at the age of 101.

References

Other websites

1916 births
2017 deaths
British movie actors
British television actors
British stage actors
British voice actors
British centenarians
A. R. Gurney

Albert Ramsdell Gurney Jr. (November 1, 1930 – June 13, 2017) was an American playwright, novelist and academic. He was known for works including The Dining Room (1982), Sweet Sue (1986/7), Love Letters (1988), and The Cocktail Hour (1988). 

Gurney died in Manhattan on June 13, 2017, at the age of 86.

References

1930 births
2017 deaths
American playwrights
American novelists
Educators from New York
Writers from Buffalo, New York
Marc-André ter Stegen

Marc-Andre Ter Stegen (born April 30, 1992) is a German professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for FC Barcelona and the Germany national football team. He currently has the No. 1 shirt for Barcelona and no. 22 for Germany.

Career statistics

Club

International

References

Notes

1992 births
Living people
German association football goalkeepers
People from Mönchengladbach
Sportspeople from North Rhine-Westphalia
Keylor Navas

Keylor Antonio Navas Gamboa (born December 15, 1986) is a Costa Rican professional footballer who plays as goalkeeper for Paris Saint-Germain F.C. and the Costa Rica national football team. He currently wears the number 1 shirt for both teams.

Career statistics

Club

1 Includes UEFA Super Cup and FIFA Club World Cup matches.

References

1986 births
Costa Rican people
Costa Rican footballers
Association football goalkeepers
Living people
Sergio Romero

Sergio Romero (born February 22 1987) is an Argentinean professional footballer who plays as goalkeeper for the Argentina national football team. He currently wears the No. 1 shirt for the latter team.

Career statistics

Club

References
Gareth Southgate

Gareth Southgate (born 3 September 1970) is an English professional football manager and former player. He is currently managing the England men's national football team. As a player, he played as defender.

Managerial statistics

References

1970 births
Living people
English footballers
English football managers
England national football team managers
Association football defenders
Sportspeople from Hertfordshire
People from Watford
Aston Villa F.C. players
Crystal Palace F.C. players
Spencer Grammer

Spencer Karen Grammer (born October 9, 1983) is an American actress best known for her roles as Summer Smith on the Adult Swim animated science fiction series Rick and Morty and as Casey Cartwright on the ABC Family  college comedy-drama Greek. She is the daughter of Kelsey Grammer.

References

Other websites

Actors from Los Angeles
American movie actors
American voice actors
American television actors
1983 births
Living people
Cladding

Cladding is placing one type of thing on top of another in a layer to make something like a skin. This can protect whatever is underneath the cladding from the weather, or it may make it look beautiful.

For example, Rainscreen cladding is one form of weather cladding. It protects things from rainwater and keeps it from getting too hot or cold. The cladding does not need to be waterproof.  Some cladding only makes the rainwater or wind flow another way to control run-off. For example, rainscreen cladding can make water on a rooftop flow away from some parts of the building so the water does not come inside. Cladding may also stop noise. Cladding applied to windows is often referred to as window capping and is a specialized field.

References

Architectural elements
Flag of Spain

The flag of Spain () has three horizontal stripes of red, yellow and red. It is also known as la Rojigualda. It was adopted 19 December 1981.

References

Spain
Flag of Spain
Fireproofing

Fireproofing is making a part or a structure resist a fire, while still keeping the function it was designed for. Fireproofing is a passive fire protection measure. There are different levels of certifications; higher levels of certification mean that a part or a structure can withstand a fire longer.

Safety
Firefighting
Fire escape

When a person needs to get away from a fire, inside a building or a tunnel, they need to do this quickly. For this reasons, fire escapes are installed, and signaled. Very often fire escapes are separate stairways, often outside the building. The first fire escape was invented in England by Daniel Maseres, in 1784.

Such installations are most common in the United States, particularly in metropolitan areas.

Firefighting
Safety
Attacus atlas

Attacus atlas, better known as the atlas moth, is a large moth found in Southeast Asia. It has one of the largest wing surfaces of any moth in the world, and one of the longest wingspans.

Moths
Saturniidae
François Houtart

François Houtart (7 March 1925 – 6 June 2017) was a Belgian marxist sociologist and Catholic priest. He was born in Brussels, Belgium. He participated as a peritus expert in the sessions of Vatican II (1962–1965) playing a key role in the formation of the introduction of the Gaudium et spes. Over the years, Houtart developed a dialectical approach to the study of world religions. He was a professor at the Université catholique de Louvain.

Death
Houtart died on 6 June 2017 in Quito, Ecuador at the age of 92.

Awards
In 2009, Houtart was awarded the UNESCO-Madanjeet Singh Prize for the Promotion of Tolerance and Non-Violence "for his lifelong commitment to world peace, intercultural dialogue, human rights and the promotion of tolerance, and in recognition of his outstanding efforts to advance the cause of social justice in the world."

Books
The Church and Revolution: from the French Revolution of 1789 to the Paris riots of 1968, from Cuba to Southern Africa, from Vietnam to Latin America, by François Houtart and André Rousseau. Translated by Violet Nevile (1971)
Religions and ideology in Sri Lanka, Colombo, Hansa, (1974)
El campesino como actor, Managua, Ed. Nicarao, (1982)
Religion et modes de production précapitalistes, Bruxelles, editions de l'ULB, (1992)
Sociología de la Religión, Mexico, Plaza y Valdés, (2000)
Mondialisation des Résistances (with Samir Amin), Paris, L'Harmattan, (2002)
Haïti et la culture dans une commune vietnamienne, Paris, Les Indes Savantes, (2004)

References

1925 births
2017 deaths
Belgian academics
Belgian priests
Belgian Roman Catholics
Christian theologians
Marxism
People from Brussels
Sociologists
Jim Graham

James McMillan "Jim" Nielson Graham (August 26, 1945 – June 11, 2017) was a Scottish-born American politician. He served as a member of the Council of the District of Columbia. He was a Democrat. He represented Ward 1 in Washington, D.C. from 1999 through 2015. He was born in Wishaw, Scotland.

Graham died on June 11, 2017 at a hospital in Washington, D.C. from complications of a lung infection caused by chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, aged 71.

References

Other websites
Jim Graham's Official Homepage
Metro - About Metro - Biographies  WMATA biography
Guide to the Jim Graham Papers, 1973-2006, Special Collections Research Center, Estelle and Melvin Gelman Library, The George Washington University 

1945 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from COPD
Disease-related deaths in Washington, D.C.
Infectious disease deaths in the United States
Naturalized citizens of the United States
Scottish politicians
Politicians from Washington, D.C.
P. N. Bhagwati

Prafullachandra Natwarlal Bhagwati (21 December 1921 – 15 June 2017) was an Indian judge. He was the 17th Chief Justice of India, serving from 12 July 1985 until his retirement on 20 December 1986. He introduced the concepts of Public Interest Litigation and Absolute liability in India, and for this reason is held along with Justice V. R. Krishna Iyer, to be a pioneer of judicial activism in the country.

Bhagwati died on 15 June 2017 at the age of 95 at New Delhi, India from renal failure.

References

Other websites
 P. N. Bhagwati, Brief biography at Supreme Court of India

1921 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from renal failure
Disease-related deaths in India
Chief Justices of India
Geoffrey Rowell

Douglas Geoffrey Rowell (13 February 1943 – 11 June 2017) was an Anglican bishop. He served as Bishop of Basingstoke and then as the third Bishop in Europe until his retirement on 8 November 2013. Following his retirement he ministered as an assistant bishop in the Diocese of Chichester (from 2013) and in the Diocese of Portsmouth (from 2015). 

Rowell was born in Hampshire and died in the early morning of Trinity Sunday, 11 June 2017, in Worth, West Sussex, aged 74.

References

Other websites
 Anglicans in Istanbul, Letter to "the Times", 2 February 2007 

1943 births
2017 deaths
Academics of the University of Oxford
Alumni of the University of Cambridge
Anglican bishops
Anglican priests
English Anglicans
English priests
People from Hampshire
Ibrahim Abouleish

Ibrahim Abouleish (23 March 1937 – 15 June 2017) was an Egyptian pharmacologist. He was born in Mashtul, Egypt. In 1977 he returned to Egypt and founded the comprehensive development initiative SEKEM. The organization focuses on biodynamic farming methods in Egypt.

Abouleish died on 15 June 2017 in Cairo, Egypt at the age of 80.

Related pages
List of Egyptian scientists

References

Other websites
 Biography on Right Livelihood Award website 
 blog about a german TV documentary

1937 births
2017 deaths
Egyptian businesspeople
Chemists
Egyptian scientists
Pharmacologists
Ajmer Singh Aulakh

Ajmer Singh Aulakh (ਪੰਜਾਬੀ: ਅਜਮੇਰ ਸਿੰਘ ਔਲਖ, 19 August 1942 – 15 June 2017) was an Indian playwright and social activist. He was born in Mansa District Punjab. Aulakh won the Sahitya Akademi Award in 2006 for his book Ishaka bājha namāza dā hajja nāhī (Plays).

Aulakh died on 15 June 2017 from stomach cancer in Punjab, India at the age of 74.

Plays
Ik Ramayan hor (One More Ramayana)*Niuṃ-jaṛa 
Satt begaane
 Kehar Singh di maut (Kehar Singh's Death) 
Ishaka bājha namāza dā hajja nāhī 
 Bhajian bahin (Broken Arms)
Ikka sī dariā 
Jhanāṃ de pāṇī 
Aise jana wirale sam̆sāre

References

1942 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from stomach cancer
Cancer deaths in India
Indian playwrights
Activists
Curt Hanson

Curt Hanson (1943 – June 16, 2017) was an American politician. He was born in Algona, Iowa. Curt was a member of the Iowa House of Representatives.  A member of the Democratic Party, he served in the Iowa House from 2009 until his death in 2017, representing the 90th and 82nd Districts.  

Hanson died on June 16, 2017 at his home in Fairfield, Iowa of prostate cancer at the age of 73.

References

Other websites

Representative Kenneth Veenstra official Iowa General Assembly site

1943 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from prostate cancer
Cancer deaths in the United States
Educators from Iowa
Politicians from Iowa
US Democratic Party politicians
State legislators of the United States
Wilma de Faria

Wilma de Faria (February 17, 1945 – June 15, 2017) was a Brazilian politician. She served as the governor of the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Norte from 2003 to 2010, the first woman to hold the position. She was a member of the Brazilian Socialist Party.

Faria died on June 15, 2017 from cancer at the age of 72.

References

1945 births
2017 deaths
Cancer deaths in Brazil
Brazilian politicians
Sandwich panel

A sandwich panel is a kind of composite material, which is usually made of two components: A small outside layer (which is the same on both sides), and an inside layer, which is used to get certain properties, for example insulation or fire resistance. Aluminium is often used for the outside part - the respective panels are also known as Aluminium Composite Panels. Sandwich panels are used in situations where high structural rigidity and low weight are required. They are also used for cladding, eg. to add insulation, fire resistance, or simply to make a surface look more beautiful.

Materials
Laguna Copperplate Inscription

The Laguna Copperplate Inscription is a document marked on a copper plate in 900 AD and found in Laguna, Philippines. The document is written in Old Malay and Old Kawi. It was translated by Antoon Postma in 1992. It is evidence of ancient kingdoms of Tondo, Sri Vijaya and others.

References 

History of the Philippines
Documents
900
Baldwin Lonsdale

Baldwin Jacobson Lonsdale (21 February 1950 – 17 June 2017) was a ni-Vanuatu politician and Anglican priest. He served as President of Vanuatu from 22 September 2014 until his death in 2017. He was born in Monte Lava.

Lonsdale died on 17 June 2017 in Port Vila of a heart attack, aged 67.

References

Other websites

1950 births
2017 deaths
Anglican priests
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Presidents of Vanuatu
Lucas Mangope

Kgosi Lucas Manyane Mangope (27 December 1923 – 18 January 2018) was a South African politician. He is the former leader of the Bantustan of Bophuthatswana and founder and former leader of the United Christian Democratic Party, a minor political party based in the North West of South Africa.

On 1 May 1971, Mangope became Chief Minister of the Bophuthatswana Legislative Assembly and retained his post following the first Bophuthatswana elections on 4 October 1972.  Initially leader of the Bophuthatswana National Party, Mangope left the party following what was officially referred to as 'internal strife' and formed the Bophuthatswana Democratic Party, which then became the governing party. He became President in 1977. 

In 1988 he was briefly overthrown by members of a military police unit, and was reinstated following intervention by the South African Defence Force.

References

1923 births
2018 deaths
Presidents (government)
South African politicians
Sam Panopoulos

Sotirios "Sam" Panopoulos (; 1934 – 8 June 2017) was a Greek-born Canadian cook and businessman. He was born in Vourvoura, Greece. He was known as the inventor of Hawaiian pizza.

With his brothers Elias and Nikitas, Panopoulos owned the Satellite Restaurant in Chatham, Ontario. They offered typical American items such as burgers and fries, and also American Chinese dishes, some of which also mix sweet and savory flavours. In the early 1960s Panopoulos started offering pizzas, recently popular in the USA. In 1962 he had the idea to add canned pineapple to pizza.

Panopoulos died of cardiac arrest at a hospital in London, Ontario on 8 June 2017, aged 83.

References

1934 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from cardiac arrest
Cardiovascular disease deaths in Canada
Chefs
Greek people
Inventors
People from London, Ontario
Earl Bakken

Earl Ethan Bakken (January 10, 1924 – October 21, 2018) was an American engineer, businessman and philanthropist. He founded Medtronic, where he developed the first external, battery-operated, transistorized, wearable artificial pacemaker in 1957.

Bakken retired from Medtronic in 1989 and moved to a 9-acre estate in the Kona District of Hawaii he calls Bakken Hale.

Bakken died at his Hawaii home on October 21, 2018 at the age of 94.

References

Other websites

 Earl Bakken's Website
 The Bakken Museum Homepage

1924 births
2018 deaths
American engineers
American philanthropists
Businesspeople from Minnesota
Scientists from Minnesota
Schlieren, Switzerland

Schlieren (Zürich German: Schlierä) is a city of the district of Dietikon in the canton of Zurich in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

 The city of Schlieren Official website 

Municipalities of Zürich
Cities in Switzerland
Reichsführer-SS

Reichsführer-SS () was a special title and rank that existed between the years of 1925 and 1945 for the commander of the Schutzstaffel (SS). Reichsführer-SS was a title from 1925 to 1933, and from 1934 to 1945 it was the highest rank of the SS. The longest serving and by far most noteworthy Reichsführer-SS was Heinrich Himmler.

Office holders
In all, five people held the title of Reichsführer-SS during the twenty years of its existence. Three persons held the position as a title while two held the actual SS rank. 
 
Julius Schreck (1925–1926)
Joseph Berchtold (1926–1927)
Erhard Heiden (1927–1929)
Heinrich Himmler (1929–1945)
Karl Hanke (1945)

References

SS
Schöfflisdorf

Schöfflisdorf is a municipality in the district of Dielsdorf in the canton of Zurich in Switzerland.

Geography
It is in the Wehntal.

Gallery

References

Other websites

 Official Website 

Municipalities of Zürich
Schönenberg, Zürich

Schönenberg is a former municipality in the district of Horgen in the canton of Zurich in Switzerland. On 1 January 2019 the former municipalities of Hütten and Schönenberg merged into the municipality of Wädenswil.

Other websites

 Official Website 

Former municipalities of Zürich
Schwerzenbach

Schwerzenbach is a municipality in the district of Uster in the canton of Zurich in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

 Official Website 
 

Municipalities of Zürich
Seegräben

Seegräben is a municipality in the district Hinwil in the canton of Zurich in Switzerland.

Villages
Aathal, Aathal-Seegräben, Aretshalden, Sack, Ottenhausen and Wagenburg.

References

Other websites

 Official website of Seegräben 
 Dinosaur Museum 
 Jucker Farm 

Municipalities of Zürich
Brahmo Samaj

Brahmo Samaj is a Hindu reform movement founded in the 19th century in India.

History
During the 19th century Indian society had various social and religious problems in the Indian society. Several movements were started to help reform the society various "samajs" were formed. These included the Prathna Samaj, the Satya Shodhak Samaj, the Theosophical Society, and others. The Brahmo Samaj was one of these. It was founded by Raja Ram Mohan Roy in the year 1828. It can also be said as the first attempt by the Indians to reform their religion and end its harmful practices. While under Keshab Chandra Sen it was able to make great progress and set up many branches across India. The Brahma Samaj helped reform the Indian society.

Reforms
Some of its important reforms were to end the practice of sati (the widow committing suicide on her dead husband's funeral pyre), opposing the worship of many gods, ending costly sacrifices and meaningless rituals. The movement proposed the belief that God is omnipresent, promoted inter-caste and widow remarriage, opposed child marriage and polygamy, and more.

Doctrine
The following doctrines, as noted in Renaissance of Hinduism, are common to all varieties and offshoots of the Brahmo Samaj:

 Brahmo Samajists have no faith in any scripture (holy writings) as an authority.
 Brahmo Samajists have no faith in Avatars (gods taking on a bodily form).
 Brahmo Samajists denounce polytheism (multiple gods) and idol-worship.
 Brahmo Samajists are against caste restrictions.
 Brahmo Samajists make belief in the doctrines of Karma and rebirth optional.

References

Hinduism
1828 establishments
Indian culture
19th-century establishments in India
Chirnihiv

Chernihiv () is a city in Ukraine. About 300,000 people live there.

Twin towns — Sister cities
Chirnihiv is twinned with:
  Gomel, Belarus
  Memmingen, Bavaria, Germany
  Tarnobrzeg, Poland
  Petah Tikva, Israel
  Gabrovo, Bulgaria
  Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
  Ogre, Latvia
  Prilep, North Macedonia

Gallery

References

Other websites

 Official Website 

Cities in Ukraine
10th-century establishments in Europe
Establishments in Ukraine
Seuzach

Seuzach (Swiss German: Söizi []) is a municipality of the district Winterthur in the Swiss canton of Zurich.

References

Other websites

 Official Website 

Municipalities of Zürich
Offenburg

Offenburg () is a city in the German state of Baden-Württemberg. In 2013, about 57,000 people lived there.

References

Other websites

  

Cities in Baden-Württemberg
Landeck

Landeck is a town in the Austrian state of Tyrol. It is the capital of the district of Landeck.

References

Other websites

 Landeck official website 

Settlements in Tyrol (state)
Stadel bei Niederglatt

Stadel is a municipality in the district Dielsdorf in the canton of Zurich in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

 Official Website 

Municipalities of Zürich
Stäfa

Stäfa is a municipality of the district of Meilen in the canton of Zurich in Switzerland. It is near Rapperswil on the north bank of the Lake Zurich in the Pfannenstiel region.

References

Other websites

 Official website 

Municipalities of Zürich
Cities in Switzerland
Stallikon

Stallikon is a municipality in Affoltern in the canton of Zurich in Switzerland. About 3,438 people lived in Stallikon in 2015.

References

Other websites

 Official Website 

Municipalities of Zürich
Zenica

Zenica is the fourth-largest city in Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is about  north of Sarajevo and is on the Bosna river, surrounded by a mountainous and hilly landscape. The city is home to 115,134 inhabitants as of 2013.

References

Cities in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Ústí nad Labem

Ústí nad Labem (, ) is the seventh-largest city in the Czech Republic. The area has many mountains. The city is where the Bílina and Elbe rivers join.

Twin towns – Sister cities 
Ústí is twinned with:
  Halton, United Kingdom
  Chemnitz, Germany
  Vladimir, Russia

References

Other websites

 Official Website 

Cities in the Czech Republic
Thur (Switzerland)

The Thur is a river in north-eastern Switzerland. The length is . Its source is near the mountain Säntis in the southeast of the canton of St. Gallen. In this canton it flows through the Toggenburg region and the town of Wil. After Wil it flows through the canton of Thurgau and its capital Frauenfeld. The final  of the river are in the canton of Zurich. It flows into the river Rhine on the border with Germany, south of Schaffhausen.

Rivers of Switzerland
Bettendorf, Haut-Rhin

Bettendorf is a commune. It is found in the Haut-Rhin department of eastern France.

Communes in Haut-Rhin
Lecce

Lecce is a historic city in southern Italy. It is in the Apulia region. In 2015, 95,766 people lived there.

 
Capital cities in Italy
Bettlach, Haut-Rhin

Bettlach is a commune. It is found in the Haut-Rhin department of eastern France.

Communes in Haut-Rhin
Steinmaur

Steinmaur is a municipality in the district Dielsdorf in the canton of Zurich in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

 Official Website 

Municipalities of Zürich
Villach

Villach (, ) is the seventh-largest city in Austria (after Klagenfurt). It is also a district of Carinthia. About 70,000 people lived there in 2016.

References

Other websites

 Official website 

Settlements in Carinthia (state)
Districts of Carinthia (state)
Cities in Austria
Fisherman's Wharf, San Francisco

Fisherman's Wharf is a neighborhood and popular tourist attraction in San Francisco, California.

Landmarks in San Francisco
Carl Gustav Hempel

Carl Gustav "Peter" Hempel (January 8, 1905 – November 9, 1997) was a German mathematician and philiospher. In philiosphy, he was one of the proponents of logical positivism. He developed the Deductive-nomological model, which is also known as Hempel-Oppenheim model. He also formulated the Raven paradox.

1905 births
1997 deaths
German philosophers
German mathematicians
Sternenberg, Switzerland

Sternenberg is a former municipality of the district of Pfäffikon in the Swiss canton of Zurich.

On 1 January 2015 the former municipality of Sternenberg merged into the municipality of Bauma.

Other websites

 Official Website 

Former municipalities of Zürich
Leeward slope

A leeward slope is the part of a mountain that does not face the wind i.e. the slope opposite the windward slope.

Mountains
Niuean language

Niuean (Niuean: ko e vagahau Niuē) is a Polynesian language spoken by about 8,000 people, the majority of whom live in New Zealand. There are also Niuean speakers in Niue, where almost the entire population of about 2,000 speak the language, the Cook Islands and Tonga. The closest relative of Niuean is Tongan, while Māori, Sāmoan, and Hawaiian are also quite close. 

The alphabet was written in the 19th century by Christian missionaries, being influenced by the Samoan writing system.

References 

Polynesian languages
Iván Fandiño

Iván Fandiño Barros (September 29, 1980 – June 17, 2017) was an award winning Spanish bullfighter. He was born in Orduña-Urduña, Spain.

Fandiño died of injuries he sustained after being gored by a bull on June 17, 2017 in Aire-sur-l'Adour, France, aged 36.

References

Other websites

1980 births
2017 deaths
Deaths in sport
Spanish sportspeople
Józef Grudzień

Józef Grudzień (1 April 1939 – 17 June 2017) was a Polish boxer.

Grudzień was born in Piasek Wielki, Poland. He won two medals at the Olympic Games: gold in the Lightweight division at Tokyo 1964  and silver at Mexico City 1968. He also twice won medals at the European Amateur Boxing Championships, silver at East Berlin 1965 and gold at Rome 1967.

He was the winner of the Aleksander Reksza Boxing Award 1991.

References

1939 births
2017 deaths
Boxers
Polish Olympians
Olympic gold medalists
Olympic silver medalists
Venus Ramey

Venus Ramey (September 26, 1924 – June 17, 2017) was an American beauty pageant contest, and later an activist. She won the Miss America competition in 1944. He was born in Ashland, Kentucky.

Ramey left Kentucky to work for the war effort in Washington, D.C., and won the Miss District of Columbia pageant and then became Miss America in 1944. She was the first red-haired contestant to win the title.

Ramey died on June 17, 2017 in Science Hill, Kentucky at the age of 92.

References

1924 births
2017 deaths
American activists
Models from Kentucky
People from Kentucky