cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Social spider

A social spider is a species of spider which lives in a group. Most spiders are solitary, but a few species in tropical habitats live in large groups. 

This social organisation has evolved independently a number of times. At least 23 species in eight families are known.

These spiders have not developed a caste system, and so they are not classed as eusocial. The first one was discovered over a century ago by Eugène Simon (30 April 1848 – 17 November 1924). This French naturalist described over 4,000 species of spider.

References 

Spiders
Louisiana–Monroe Warhawks

The Louisiana–Monroe Warhawks are the sports teams that play for the University of Louisiana at Monroe. There are 16 teams.

References

Louisiana
Sports in the United States
Sun Belt Conference
Luger

The Luger was a German semi-automatic pistol that was introduced in 1908. It was the first pistol to use the 9x19mm Parabellum bullet. Its magazines hold eight bullets.

Technically, it was and is held in high esteem. The workmanship was top-class, and its performance was highly respected. The Luger was eventually replaced by the Walther P38 officialy, but there were still many German soldiers and officers who used the Luger during World War II.

The 9 millimeter bullets designed for the gun are still a standard for NATO forces.

References 

Pistols
FedEx Express

FedEx Express is an international cargo airline and delivery service. It has a hub in Memphis, Tennessee, in the United States.  FedEx Express is part of FedEx Corporation.

References

Airlines of the United States
Memphis, Tennessee
1971 establishments in the United States
Companies based in Tennessee
Hui people

The Hui people (, Xiao'erjing: , , ) are an East Asian ethnoreligious group. They are mostly Chinese-speaking muslims who live in China. They live mostly in the northwestern provinces of the country and in the Zhongyuan region. As of the 2011 census, China is home to about 10.5 million Hui people. Most of Hui people are Chinese-speaking Muslims. The 110,000 Dungan people of Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan are also  part of the Hui ethnicity.

They have a  connection with Islamic culture. For example, as Muslims, they follow Islamic dietary laws and do not eat pork. Pork is the most commonly eaten meat in China. They hve created their own version of Chinese cuisine. Hui clothing is different from that of the Han Chinese. Some men wear white caps (taqiyah) and some women wear headscarves, This is the case in many Islamic cultures.

The Hui people are one of 56 ethnic groups recognized by China. The government says the Hui people include all Muslim communities that are not included in China's other ethnic groups. They are seperate from other Muslim groups such as the Uyghurs. The Hui mostly speak Chinese. There are some Arabic and Persian phrases in their speach. The Hui ethnic group is not associated with a non-Sinitic language.

The Hui people are more concentrated in Ningxia, Gansu, Qinghai and Xinjiang) in Northwestern China. Communities exist across the country.

References

Sources
  (1st edition appeared in 1991)
 
 

Ethnic groups in China
Greenville

Greenville is the name of several places:

Canada 
 Laxgalts'ap, British Columbia, formerly named Greenville
Greenville, Nova Scotia, in Yarmouth County
Greenville Station, Nova Scotia, in Cumberland County
Lower Greenville, Nova Scotia, in Cumberland County

Liberia 
Greenville, Liberia

United States 
Greenville, Alabama
Greenville, California, in Plumas County
Greenville, Alameda County, California
Greenville, Yuba County, California
Greenville, Connecticut
Greenville, Delaware
Greenville, Florida
Greenville, Georgia
Greenville, Illinois
Greenville, Indiana
Greenville, Iowa
Greenville, Kentucky
Manchester, Kentucky, originally founded as Greenville
Greenville, Louisiana
Greenville, Maine
Greenville, Massachusetts
Greenville, Michigan
Greenville, Mississippi
Greenville, Missouri
Greenville, Nevada
Greenville, New Hampshire
Greenville, Jersey City, New Jersey
Greenville, New York (disambiguation) 
Greenville, North Carolina
Greenville, Ohio
Greenville, Oregon (disambiguation)
Greenville, Pennsylvania
Greenville Township, Somerset County, Pennsylvania
Greenville, Rhode Island
Greenville, South Carolina
Greenville, Texas
Greenville, Utah
Greenville, Virginia
Greenville, Wisconsin, a town
Greenville (community), Wisconsin, an unincorporated community
Greencastle, West Virginia, also called Greenville

United Kingdom 
Greenville, County Antrim, Northern Ireland
Bodil Malmsten

Bodil Malmsten (19 August 1944 – 5 February 2016) was a Swedish poet and novelist. She wrote over fifteen books from 1977 to her death. Her best known book was the English translation of Priset på vatten i Finistère (The Price of Water in Finistère) which was awarded Book of the Week by BBC Radio 4.

Malmsten was born in Bjärme, Jämtland. Her grandfather was designer and architect Carl Malmsten (1888–1972).

Malmsten died from cancer on 5 February 2016 in Stockholm. She was aged 71.

References

1944 births
2016 deaths
Cancer deaths in Sweden
Swedish novelists
Swedish poets
Mohamed Fahmy

Mohamed Fadel Fahmy ( ; born April 27, 1974) is a Canadian-Egyptian journalist. He was born in Cairo. Fahmy was in prison in Egypt for two years. When he came out, he started the Fahmy Foundation for free speech.

Work 

Mohamed Fahmy was a producer for CNN and a writer for the Los Angeles Times. He was also the Cairo bureau chief for Al-Jazeera's English channel.

Arrest 

Fahmy was arrested on December 29, 2013 with two other journalists, Baher Mohamed and Peter Greste, in their hotel in Cairo. This was after General Abdel Fattah el-Sisi became president of Egypt. Sisi replaced the elected president, Mohammed Morsi, of the Muslim Brotherhood. The three reporters were accused of helping the Muslim Brotherhood. At the time, Fahmy worked for Al-Jazeera, which is owned by the government of Qatar. Qatar supported the Muslim Brotherhood, even after Morsi was out of power. 

In January 2015, Australian Peter Greste went back to Australia. But Fahmy and Baher had a new trial and got three more years in prison. Finally, human rights lawyer Amal Clooney helped them. Because of world pressure, President Sisi said they could go free.

References  

1974 births
Living people
Canadian journalists
People from Cairo
Jürgen Klopp

Jürgen Norbert Klopp (born 16 June 1967) is a German professional football manager and former player. He is the current manager of Premier League club Liverpool. He also managed and played for 1. FSV Mainz 05, and later managed Borussia Dortmund from 2008 to 2015. Klopp is responsible for revolutionising Liverpool FC, and won their 6th Champions League and first Premier League.

Klopp was born in Stuttgart, Baden-Württemberg. He is married and has two children. He is a Protestant Christian.

References

Other websites

 Jürgen Klopp  at Goal.com

1967 births
Living people
German football managers
German footballers
German Protestants
Sportspeople from Stuttgart
Borussia Dortmund managers
Eddy Wally

Eddy Wally (born Eduard René Van De Walle; 12 July 1932 – 6 February 2016) was a Belgian singer. He was nicknamed the "Voice of Europe". He was best known for his hits "Chérie" (1966), "Als marktkramer ben ik geboren" (1969) and "Ik spring uit een vliegmachien" (1996). He was also a popular meme in 2014.

Wally was born in Zelzate, East Flanders. He was married to Mariëtte Roegiers until her death in October 2012. They had a daughter, Marina Wally (born 1957), who became a singer. He retired in 2012 after poor health.

Wally died from a brain haemorrhage on 6 February 2016 in Zelzate. He was aged 83.

References

Other websites

 
 Official website 

1932 births
2016 deaths
Belgian singers
Deaths from cerebral hemorrhage
Disease-related deaths in Belgium
People from East Flanders
Mika Waltari

Mika Toimi Waltari () (19 September 1908 – 26 August 1979) was a Finnish writer. He is best known for his best-selling novel The Egyptian (). His career lasted over 40 years. He wrote at least 29 novels, 15 novellas, 6 collections of stories or fairy tales, 6 collections of poetry and 26 plays. Waltari wrote screenplays, radio plays, non-fiction, translations, and hundreds of reviews and articles. He is also internationally the best-known Finnish writer. His works have been translated into more than 30 languages.

Career 
Waltari graduated from the University of Helsinki. He first studied theology, then history and languages. His career as writer started with religious poems and horror short stories. His first novel Suuri illusioni ('The Great Illusion') was his fifth work and a big success.  It has been compared to the famous works of the 1920s by Ernest Hemingway and F. Scott Fitzgerald.

Waltari's chief work, which made him internationally famous, was published after World War II. This was the large novel Sinuhe Egyptilainen (UK title: Sinuhe the Egyptian; US title: The Egyptian). The story is placed in ancient Egypt. Waltari knew a lot about life there. Between the lines one can read a story about Christianity and history. The book contains comparison of idealism and realism but it does not tell which of them wins. It became popular also as a Hollywood movie. In later life he worked as a member of the Academy of Finland. He never finished his last novel on the Knights of Malta due to illness. First awarded in 1979, the Mika Waltari Award is named in his honor.

References 

1908 births
1979 deaths
Journalists
Novelists
Writers from Helsinki
River Avon, Bristol

The River Avon runs through Bristol. The river is the 19th longest river in the United Kingdom. It is 75 miles (121km) long. The source of the river is in the Severn Estuary. The river rises in the county of Gloucestershire. It then flows through Wiltshire, for example in the city of Salisbury.

References

Rivers of England
Sam Spence

Samuel Lloyd "Sam" Spence (March 29, 1927 – February 6, 2016) was an American soundtrack composer. He was best known for his work with NFL Films. His work has also been on the Madden NFL football video games and various advertisements related to American football.

References

1927 births
2016 deaths
American composers
2016 southern Taiwan earthquake

The 2016 southern Taiwan earthquake happened in Taiwan on 6 February 2016. 116 people were killed. The source of the earthquake was in Kaohsiung.

References

2016 disasters in Asia
2016 earthquakes
2010s earthquakes in Asia
2010s in Taiwan
Earthquakes in Taiwan
February 2016 events
Magic Kingdom for Sale–SOLD!

Magic Kingdom for Sale–Sold! is the first book in a series written by Terry Brooks. It is the story of a trial lawyer named Ben Holiday who gets a catalog from Rosen's, LTD. that is selling a fantasy kingdom named Landover. He buys the kingdom but learns that it is more challenging than he thought it would be.

Main characters

Ben Holiday
Ben Holiday is a lawyer from Chicago who works in a law office with his partner Miles Bennett. He is depressed after the death of his wife, Annie. He becomes king of Landover, and is crowned after joining the people together and killing the Iron Mark. He learns that he can become the Paladin when he is in danger.

Fantasy books
1986 books
Bamberg State Library

The Bamberg State Library  () is a library in Bamberg, Germany. The library was founded in 1803. It is operated by Bavaria, a state of Germany.

Collections
There are about 545,000 books in the library. The oldest of them are from the Middle Ages.

There are also about 6,350 manuscripts in the library. Among these is the Bamberg Apocalypse, a richly illuminated manuscript from the 11th century. The Bamberg Apocalypse and two other manuscripts were recognized in UNESCO's Memory of the World register. Some of the library's oldest manuscripts were brought to Bamberg by the Holy Roman Emperor Henry II.

The library also contains 3,550 early books that were printed – not handwritten – before the year 1501 in Europe, known as incunabula.

Other websites 

  Website of the Bamberg State Library
  Webpage of the Bamberg State Library 
  Catalogue of Bamberg State Library
  Manuscripts of Henry II  with the digital collections of manuscripts traced back to Henry II
  Treasures of the Bamberg State Library with the digital collections of rare books, manuscripts and graphics

1803 establishments
Buildings and structures in Bamberg
Libraries in Germany
1800s establishments in Germany
CentraleSupélec

CentraleSupélec is a graduate school of engineering in France. Its main campus is located at the Paris-Saclay plateau, and is one of the constituent institutes of the University of Paris-Saclay.

Its different curricula lead to the following French & European degrees :
 Ingénieur CentraleSupélec (Graduate Engineer program, leading to the Diplôme d'Ingénieur)
 Master of Science & Doctorat (Doctorate studies, leading to PhD)
 Mastères Spécialisés (Specialized Masters; MS)
 Massive Online Open Course

The academic and research programs, including industrial research collaborations, are mainly offered in French in English.

Most of the 5000 students in the Graduate Engineer program at CentraleSupélec live in dedicated student residences near the research labs and metro train station. Some of the campus facilities are shared with 65,000 students from other constituent schools of the University of Paris-Saclay.

History 
CentraleSupélec was created 1 January 2015 from École Centrale de Paris and Supélec. This was in order to create one of the best universities in the world.

Admission 
Admission to the CentraleSupélec Programme (2-year curriculum) is by:
 a French nationwide selective exam with numerus clausus: concours Centrale-Supelec (3-year curriculum including at least 2 years in France)
 a selective application from Top Industrial Managers for Europe (TIME) double degrees procedures applicable in Europe (2+2-year curriculum, including 2 years in France)

The CentraleSupélec Programme typically lasts three years. It results in a master's degree, in addition to international experience. The undergraduate studies plus the CentraleSupélec Programme account for more than a 300 ECTS credits in the European education system.
 
However, graduate students enrolled in the TIME double degree program are required to spend two-years at CentraleSupélec and spend two years in the TIME-partner institute for a total of four years. This results in a double master's degree.

Research labs 
Research activities at CentraleSupélec relate to the following topics:
 Materials and Procedures
 Mechanics, Energetics and Combustion
 Applied Physics
 Applied Mathematics
 Technology and IT Systems
 Signal processing, Automation
 Electrical Engineering, Electronics
 Industrial Engineering, Economics and Administration

References

Other websites 

 Official website

Technical colleges and universities in Paris
2015 establishments in France
2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum

The United Kingdom European Union membership referendum took place on 23 June 2016 in the UK and Gibraltar. It was to decide whether the United Kingdom would stay in the European Union (EU).

The referendum ended with 51.9% of votes in favour of leaving the EU.

On 24 June, the then Conservative Party leader and Prime Minister David Cameron announced that he would resign. He was replaced on 13 July by Theresa May.

The Remain campaign 
Members of the Remain campaign wanted the United Kingdom to stay in the European Union. Political parties that wanted the UK to stay in the EU include the Labour Party, the Liberal Democrats and the Scottish National Party. They said that being in the EU gave the UK many advantages in trade.

Prime Minister David Cameron supported staying in the EU, but the Conservative Party was neutral. It was up to each MP to have their own view. Other well-known Conservatives who wanted to remain in the EU include George Osborne, Theresa May and Philip Hammond.

The Leave campaign 
Members of the leave campaign, commonly called Brexit, wanted the UK to leave the European Union. Political parties who supported leaving the EU include United Kingdom Independence Party, the Respect Party and many members of the Conservative Party. Those who supported "leave" were especially concerned about the EU's "open border" policies and mass migration.

Some well known members of the Conservative party who wanted to leave the EU included Iain Duncan Smith, Michael Gove and Boris Johnson.

Party policies
The tables list political parties with seats in the House of Commons or the House of Lords, the European Parliament, the Scottish Parliament, the Northern Ireland Assembly, the Welsh Assembly, or the Gibraltar Parliament at the time of the referendum.

Great Britain

Northern Ireland

Gibraltar

Final results 

* Total votes only include Valid votes. About 25,359 were invalid or blank. Source:

UK regional results

Reactions 
Shortly after the results were announced, David Cameron said that he would resign by October 2016. After a leadership election, Theresa May became Prime Minister on 13 July.

The Scottish government announced on 24 June 2016 that they were planning to hold a second independence referendum. Northern Ireland politician Martin McGuinness also called for an Irish reunification referendum. A movement for London independence even occurred, with an online petition reaching thousands of signatures.

A "Bregret"/"Regrexit" petition was proposed by William Oliver Healey on 24 May 2016. It was made to support the creation of a second European Union membership referendum. By 25 June, more than two and a half million people signed the petition. Calls for a second referendum was later rejected by the government.

Theresa May officially triggered Article 50 on 29 March 2017. This means that negotiations have started between the UK government and the European Union. These talks are expected to last 2 years and after they have finished  the UK will be out of the EU.

References

Brexit
2016 in the United Kingdom
June 2016 events
Voting systems
The Black Unicorn

The Black Unicorn is a fantasy book written by Terry Brooks. It is the second book in the Magic Kingdom of Landover series. The book continues the stories of Ben Holiday, Willow, and Questor Thews. Each of them had a dream about something important to them. They each left Sterling Silver (the castle they live in) to look for what they dreamed about. The dreams led Ben Holiday to Chicago, Questor Thews to find the books of magic, and Willow to hunt for the black unicorn.

Fantasy books
1987 books
Ciriaco Cañete

Ciriaco "Cacoy" Cañete (August 8, 1919 – February 5, 2016) was a Filipino martial artist. He was a member of the Doce Pares Eskrima Club. He was the last surviving member of the club, which was founded in January 1932. In 1951 he developed his own martial art system named Eskrido. He was born in San Fernando, Cebu.

Cañete died in a hospital in Downtown Cebu City on February 5, 2016. He died from prostate cancer. He was aged 96.

References

1919 births
2016 deaths
Deaths from prostate cancer
Filipino sportspeople
Martial artists
Dan Hicks (singer)

Daniel Ivan Hicks (December 9, 1941 – February 6, 2016) was an American singer-songwriter and musician. He made music with elements of cowboy folk, jazz, country, swing, bluegrass, pop and gypsy. He led the band Dan Hicks and His Hot Licks. His career began in 1965.

He was best known for the songs "I Scare Myself" and "Canned Music."  His songs were known for having humor. One of his songs was titled "How Can I Miss You When You Won't Go Away?" His latest album, Live at Davies, was released in 2013.

Hicks died on February 6, 2016 from throat and liver cancer. He died in Mill Valley, California. He was 74 years old. He was diagnosed with throat cancer in 2014 and had liver cancer since 2015.

References

1941 births
2016 deaths
American bandleaders
American bluegrass musicians
Country musicians from Arkansas
American folk musicians
American pop musicians
American pop singers
American singer-songwriters
Cancer deaths in California
Deaths from liver cancer
Deaths from throat cancer
People from Little Rock, Arkansas
Singers from Arkansas
Fife Symington

John Fife Symington III (born August 12, 1945) is an American politician and businessman. He was born in New York City. He served as the 19th Governor of the U.S. state of Arizona. He served from 1991 until his resignation in 1997. He was a member of the Republican Party.

References

Other websites
Arizona Republic special report on Fife Symington
Arizona Republic biography of Fife Symington

Pro-Symington website; tracks positive news coverage
Summary of the government's investigation

1945 births
Living people
Governors of Arizona
Politicians from New York City
Businesspeople from New York City
US Republican Party politicians
Alvin Baldus

Alvin James Baldus (April 27, 1926 – February 2, 2017) was an American politician. He was member of the Democratic Party. He served in the United States House of Representatives from 1975 to 1981, as a member for Wisconsin. He lost his re-election in 1980.

Baldus was born in Garner, Iowa. He grew up in Elkton and Austin in Minnesota. He studied at Riverland Community College. Baldus died on February 2, 2017 in Menomonie, Wisconsin, aged 90.

References

Other websites

1926 births
2017 deaths
Politicians from Iowa
Politicians from Minnesota
United States representatives from Wisconsin
US Democratic Party politicians
USS Nitze (DDG-94)

The USS Nitze (DDG 94) is an Arleigh Burke class destroyer. It is owned by the United States Navy. The ship was built at Bath Iron Works in Maine. It was finished in 2004. The ship was commissioned on March 5, 2005 after almost a year of testing at sea.

The USS Nitze has done four deployments. The deployments were January 2007 (part of the USS Bataan strike group), September 2008 (part of the USS Theodore Roosevelt strike group), March 2012 (part of the USS Enterprise strike group), and November 2013 (deployed alone).

As of February 2016, the Nitze's Commanding Officer was CDR Paul Kaylor, the Executive Officer was CDR Michael Cloud, and the Command Master Chief was Sean Brown.

References

Naval ships of the United States
Trier of fact

In a criminal trial the trier of fact, also called the finder of fact, is the person or persons responsible for deciding the factual issues. This is also called a finding of fact. In a jury trial the trier of fact is the jury. If there is no jury, the trier of fact is the judge. In many types of hearings the trier of fact may be an administrative law judge, a board, commission, or referee. Trier of fact is now considered an older term. The term "finder of fact" has come into use more recently. Once the trier of fact determines what is assumed to be the truth of a matter, then legal rules are applied to those facts. A judge instructs a jury about the legal rules applying to the case. These instructions include what the findings may be. For example the jury may find for the plantiff or the jury may find for the defendant.

References 

Legal terms
Law
Joel Anthony

Joel Vincent Anthony (born August 9, 1982) is a Canadian professional basketball player. He is a former center of the Detroit Pistons and Miami Heat of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He also plays for the Canadian national basketball team.

College
Anthony attended Pensacola State College in Pensacola, Florida and transferred to the University of Nevada, Las Vegas after two years. He played college basketball with the Runnin' Rebels from 2004 until 2007.

NBA career
He went undrafted. He signed a one-year contract with the Miami Heat on July 3, 2007. Anthony re-signed with the Heat on July 20, 2009. On July 16, 2010, Anthony signed a five-year, $18 million contract to stay with Miami. Anthony made his first Finals appearance in 2011 where the Heat lost to the Dallas Mavericks 4 games to 2. The following season, Anthony won his first NBA championship with the Heat after the defeated the Oklahoma City Thunder 4 games to 1 in the 2012 NBA Finals. He won his second championship with the Heat the next when they defeated the San Antonio Spurs 4 games to 3 in the 2013 NBA Finals.

On January 15, 2014, a three-team trade happened involving the Heat, Boston Celtics, and Golden State Warriors. The Heat traded Anthony and a future draft pick, and a 2016 second-round draft pick to the Celtics. The Heat received Toney Douglas from the Warriors and the Warriors received Jordan Crawford and MarShon Brooks from the Celtics. Anthony played a total of 21 regular season games with the Celtics.

On October 17, 2014, the Celtics traded Anthony to the Detroit Pistons in exchange for Will Bynum.

References

Other websites

1982 births
Boston Celtics players
Canadian basketball players
Detroit Pistons players
Living people
Miami Heat players
Sportspeople from Montreal
People from Westmount, Quebec
Dalian

Dalian () is an important port city in the Liaoning province of China. It is located on the Liaodong Peninsula. It is the northernmost warm water port in China as well as the southernmost city in Northeast China. The name of the city translates into "Great Link", due to its strategic location on the coast of the East China Sea since it is used for trade with countries like Russia, the North and South Korea, and Japan. Because the port can be used all year, the Russian Empire took control of it in 1898 and built the Trans-Siberian railway to Dailan. The Empire of Japan later took it away from Russia.

Cities in China
Magdalena River

The Magdalena River is the most important river in the western part of Colombia. It has a length of . Its course is from south to north. About 80 percent of the population of Colombia live on the banks of the river or one of its tributaries. Barranquilla, Colombia's biggest city, lies on the banks of the river.
The river is navigable up to the city of Honda, about  upstream. At Honda, there are rapids. After these rapids, the river is navigable for another .

References

Rivers of Colombia
Trey Lyles

Trey Anthony Lyles (born November 5, 1995) is a Canadian-American professional basketball player. He is a power forward/small forward for the Utah Jazz of the National Basketball Association (NBA).

College
Lyles played college basketball with the University of Kentucky Wildcats from 2014 until 2015. Lyles had originally committed to play for Indiana but he decommitted in August 2012. He did not play in Kentucky's six-game exhibition series in Nassau, Bahamas because of a leg injury.

NBA career
Lyles was drafted by the Utah Jazz in the first round with the 12th overall pick in the 2015 NBA Draft. The Jazz signed him to rookie scale contract on July 7, 2015. On January 14, 2016, Lyles was able to score a season-high 19 points in a 103-101 loss to the Sacramento Kings.

References

Other websites
 

1995 births
Canadian basketball players
Living people
People from Saskatoon
Sportspeople from Saskatchewan
Utah Jazz players
Sturla Gunnarsson

Sturla Gunnarsson (born August 30, 1951) is a Canadian movie director and producer.

Gunnarsson was born in Reykjavík, Iceland in 1951. He moved to Vancouver, British Columbia, with his parents when he was seven years old. His movie After the Axe, received an Academy Award nomination for Best Documentary Feature.  He has since won a number of awards including Emmy Award, Genie Award and Gemini Awards.

Awards
 International Emmy Award in 1997, for Gerrie & Louise
 Genie Award in 1986, for Final Offer
 Gemini Awards
 Oscar nomination
 Prix Italia
 Prix Villes de Cannes
 Cadillac People’s Choice Documentary Award at the Toronto International Film Festival in 2010, for Force of Nature: The David Suzuki Movie
 Canada's Top Ten Film Festival People's Choice Award, awarded in January 2015 for Monsoon

References

Other websites 

Watch films by Sturla Gunnarsson at the National Film Board of Canada

1951 births
Living people
Canadian movie directors
Canadian television directors
Canadian television producers
Sturla Gunnarsson
People from Vancouver
Emmy Award winners
Combatant

A combatant is a person who fights in an armed conflict. Combatants are protected by parts of the Geneva Convention as long as they obey the rules of war.

References

Military terminology
Stromule

A stromule is a microscopic structure found in plant cells. Stromules (stroma-filled tubules) are highly dynamic structures extending from the surface of all plastids, including chloroplasts.   

Protrusions from and interconnections between plastids were seen in 1888  and 1908, and have been described from time to time in the literature since then.  

Stromules were recently rediscovered in 1997. They exist in a number of angiosperm species including Arabidopsis thaliana, wheat, rice and tomato, but their role is not yet fully understood.

References 

Organelles
Plant physiology
Coffin ship

Coffin ships transported Irish immigrants to America and other colonies during the Great Irish Famine (1845-1852). They were the cheapest way to cross the Atlantic but it was a miserable and dangerous journey. The conditions on board were horrible because the ships were so crowded. Also, there was little food and water. There were often diseases on board. 

One third (30%) of the passengers died before the arrival in Canada or the USA. Legend says sharks liked to follow coffin ships because the crew threw the dead bodies overboard.

References 

History of Ireland
History of Canada
19th century in the United States
Ships
Marcos Milinkovic

Marcos Antonio Milinković (born December 22, 1971 in Villa Ballester, Buenos Aires) is an Argentine volleyball player. Milinković is 203 cm and weighs 100 kg. He competed in the 1996, 2000 and 2004 Summer Olympics.

Other websites
 FIVB 2007 Profile
 Milinkovic Profile at ESPN
 Italian League Profile
 Interview in volley country

1971 births
Living people
1996 Summer Olympics
2000 Summer Olympics
2004 Summer Olympics
Olympians
Argentine volleyball players
Lauren Collins

Lauren Felice Collins (born August 29, 1986) is a Canadian actress. She acts in both movies and television. She started acting in 1998. Between 2001 and 2008, she played Paige Michalchuk on Degrassi: The Next Generation. She played a Host in 1 Girl 5 Gays. In 2002, she won a Young Artist Award for her performance in Degrassi: The Next Generation.

Collins was born in the Thornhill area of the Greater Toronto Area, Ontario.

References

1986 births
Living people
Actors from Ontario
Canadian child actors
Canadian movie actors
Canadian television actors
Roger Willemsen

Roger Willemsen (15 August 1955 – 7 February 2016) was a German author, essayist and television presenter. He was born in Bonn, North-Rhine Westphalia. He began his career in 1991. In 1994, he starred in his own show Willemsens Woche. He interviewed many famous people such as Madonna, Jesse Jackson, Audrey Hepburn and Yasser Arafat. He retired in 2006.

Willemsen died of pancreatic cancer on 7 February 2016 in Wentorf bei Hamburg, Schleswig-Holstein. He was aged 60.

References

1955 births
2016 deaths
Cancer deaths in Germany
Deaths from pancreatic cancer
German television presenters
People from Bonn
Writers from North Rhine-Westphalia
Bill Birchfield

William O. Birchfield (December 19, 1935 – February 5, 2016) was an American politician, lawyer, and civic leader in the state of Florida. He called himself as the "Duke of Mayo". He was born in Mayo, Florida. He served in the Florida House of Representatives for the 21st district from 1971 until his resignation in 1974.

Birchfield died in Jacksonville, Florida on February 5, 2016. He died from a heart attack. He was aged 80.

References

1935 births
2016 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Lawyers from Florida
Politicians from Florida
US Democratic Party politicians
Nida Fazli

Muqtida Hasan Nida Fazli, known as Nida Fazli (‎; 12 October 1938 – 8 February 2016), was an Indian Hindi and Urdu poet. He was born in Gwalior, British Raj. He wrote essays critical of poets of the 1960s in his book Mulaqatein. This book made many poets angry, including Sahir Ludhianvi, Ali Sardar Jafri and Kaifi Azmi. As a result, he was boycotted in some poetic sessions. He recently wrote columns for the BBC Hindi website on various contemporary issues and literature.

Fazli died of a heart attack in Mumbai on 8 February 2016. He was aged 77.

References

1938 births
2014 deaths
Cardiovascular disease deaths in India
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Indian poets
Urdu poets
Sushil Koirala

Sushil Koirala (; 12 August 1939 – 9 February 2016) was a Nepalese politician. He was the Prime Minister of Nepal from 11 February 2014 to 10 October 2015. He was also President of the Nepali Congress party beginning in 2010.

Koirala was elected as Prime Minister of Nepal by the parliament on 10 February 2014.  Koirala joined the Nepali Congress in 1952 and served in various roles before becoming its president in 2010.

Koirala was diagnosed with oral cancer in 2006 and lung cancer in July 2014. He died on 9 February 2016 of pneumonia in Kathmandu. He was aged 76.

References

1939 births
2016 deaths
Deaths from pneumonia
People with cancer
Nepali Congress politicians
Prime Ministers of Nepal
People from Biratnagar
Roy Rogers (basketball)

Roy Lee Rogers, Jr. (born August 19, 1973) is an American retired professional basketball player. He played in the National Basketball Association (NBA). He played a total of 137 games in the NBA from 1996 until 2000. He played for the Vancouver Grizzlies, Boston Celtics, Toronto Raptors, and the Denver Nuggets. After retiring, Rogers became an assistant coach. He currently serves as an assistant coach for the Washington Wizards of the NBA.

College
Rogers played college basketball for the University of Alabama. He played college basketball with the Crimson Tide from 1992 until 1996.

NBA career
Rogers was drafted by the Vancouver Grizzlies in the first round with the 22nd overall pick in the 1996 NBA Draft. He played a total of 82 games and started 50 games with the Grizzlies. He scored a total of 543 points during his time in Vancouver. On October 28, 1997, the Grizzlies traded Rogers to the Boston Celtics in exchange for Tony Massenburg and a 2nd-round pick in the 1999 NBA draft.

He only played nine games with the Celtics. He scored seven points with them. On February 18, 1998, the Celtics traded Roger along with Chauncey Billups, Dee Brown and John Thomas to the Toronto Raptors in exchange for Kenny Anderson, Popeye Jones and Žan Tabak.

With the Raptors, Rogers played in six games and scored a total of 13 points. On June 9, 1998, the Raptors traded Rogers along with a two 1st-round picks in the 1998 NBA draft to the Houston Rockets in exchange for Kevin Willis.

Rogers did not play for the Rockets and played most of the 1998 season in Italy. On January 22, 1999, the Rockets traded Rogers along with a 2nd-round pick in the 2000 NBA draft to the Chicago Bulls in exchange for Scottie Pippen. Rogers never played a game for the Bulls and they waived him on February 1, 1999.

On October 1, 1999, he signed a contract with the Denver Nuggets. He played 40 games with them. He retired from playing professional basketball in 2004.

After retiring, Rogers joined the Brooklyn Nets as an assistant coach in 2013. He left the next year and joined the Washington Wizards as their assistant coach.

References

Other websites
Player file @ NBA.com
College & NBA stats  @ basketballreference.com

1973 births
African-American basketball players
Boston Celtics players
Denver Nuggets players
Living people
Sportspeople from Alabama
Toronto Raptors players
Vancouver Grizzlies players
American basketball players
Suba language

Suba is a language spoken by the Suba people of east Africa. It is almost extinct. It is a Bantu language believed to have developed from the interactions between the Luo and the Bantu speakers of Lusoga. These Lusoga migrated from the Baganda kingdom because of a conflict between tribes.

References

Bantu languages
Languages of Africa
Robin Chandler Duke

Robin Chandler Duke (born Grace Esther Tippett; October 13, 1923 – February 6, 2016) was an American socialite, journalist, women's rights advocate and diplomat. She served as the United States Ambassador to Norway from September 12, 2000 until March 1, 2001.

Duke was born in Baltimore, Maryland. She was married to actor Jeffrey Lynn and later diplomat Angier Biddle Duke until his death in 1995. She had three children.

Duke died on February 6, 2016 in Charleston, South Carolina. She was aged 92.

References

1923 births
2016 deaths
American activists
American diplomats
American journalists
American socialites
Disease-related deaths in South Carolina
Writers from Baltimore
Problem solving

Problem solving is a mental activity related to intelligence and thinking. It consists of finding solutions to problems. A problem is a situation that needs to be changed. It suggests that the solution is not totally obvious, for then it would not be a problem. A great deal of human life is spent solving problems. Social life is based on the notion that together we might solve problems which we could not as individuals. 

The word "problem" comes from a Greek word meaning an "obstacle" (something that is in your way). If someone has a problem, they have to find a way of solving the problem. The way to solve it is called a solution. Some problem-solving techniques have been developed and used in artificial intelligence, computer science, engineering, and mathematics. Some are related to mental problem-solving techniques studied in gestalt psychology, cognitive psychology. and chess.

Problems can be classified as ill-defined or well-defined.  Ill-defined problems are those that do not have clear goals, solution paths, or expected solution. An example is how to face threats which might perhaps be made in the future. Well-defined problems have specific goals, clearly defined solution paths, and clear expected solutions. These problems also allow for more initial planning than ill-defined problems. 

Being able to solve problems involves the ability to understand what the goal of the problem is and what rules could be applied to solving the problem. Sometimes the problem requires abstract thinking and coming up with a creative solution.

References
Internet safety

Internet safety is the topic of teaching people how to be safe when using the internet. It is particularly important when using social media, through which personal information is shared.

Internet safety is mainly taught in primary and secondary schools and focuses on making sure children know that:
 you should not share your personal information on the internet,
 you should think before you write comments about people - how it could affect them,
 you should always tell an adult if there is something that upsets you,
 you should not meet someone you have talked to on the internet without an adult.

Choose a strong password with different characters and numbers.

There are more another ways to secure your devices when surfing through Internet ,You can use a VPN (Virtual Private Network) they are usually more secure then simple , also they help to unlock many websites which are blocked by your service provider , It is usually recommended to use a Paid service rather than using free service. And an Anti-virus must  have to be in your device if you want a secure surfing.

Related pages 
Computer security

Internet
Safety
Onan

Onan (, Modern Onan, Tiberian ʼÔnān ; "Strong") is a person in the Bible. He is in the Book of Genesis, chapter 38. He was the second son of Judah. Like his older brother, Er, Onan was killed by Yahweh. Onan's death was because he was "evil in the sight of the Lord" for being unwilling to father a child by his widowed sister-in-law.

Old Testament people
Ancient Israeli people
Bad Aibling rail accident

The Bad Aibling rail accident was an accident that happened on the railway line in Bad Aibling in Bavaria, Germany, on 9 February 2016. Twelve people were killed and many more injured when two trains collided head-on, along a single-track line.

The line 
The accident happened on the line between Holzkirchen and Rosenheim, in Bavaria, southeastern Germany. The whole line only has a single track. Trains usually cross at stations. The line is equipped with a security system that functioned normally at the time of the accident. In addition, it has been equipped with GSM-R, in 2007. In some places on the line, autonomous block signals are used to secure the track.  The line is controlled by different human controllers. The control station responsible for the section where the accident happened is in Bad Aibling. The whole infrastructure had been checked a week before the accident, and was found to be without fault.

Crash 

One of the trains left Kolbermoor on schedule, and headed towards Holzkirchen, and entered the single track section. The other train was four minutes late. The accident happened because of human error. The person responsible gave the orders to pass by a signal, because he said the signal in question was broken. That meant that both trains were travelling on the same track, and headed towards each other. This was not apparent to the train drivers, because there is a long bend in the track, at that position. The person in charge in Bad Aibling recognised that he had made an error, and issued orders for emergency braking using GSM-R. The first of these was given 36 seconds before the collision. Because he did not use the correct keys, these orders did not reach the train drivers, but other personnel responsible for securing the line. The accident happened at nearly 6:47 local time. Emergency braking was effective only one second before the collision. The trains were running at 52 and 87 km per hour.

Both train drivers were killed in the accident. In total, twelve people were killed, and 87 others injured.

800 people were involved  in the rescue. The rescue was very difficult, because the section of track were the accident happened is badly accessible by road. There is a steep hill, on one side, and a canal, with no road access on the other side.

The site of the accident is only 800m from the site where another similar accident had happened in 1945.

Other websites 

2016 disasters
2016 in Germany
Disasters in Germany
February 2016 events
History of Bavaria
Railway accidents in Europe
Bren light machine gun

The Bren is a light machine gun (LMG) that was used by the British military during World War II. The gun was based on a Czechoslovak gun, the ZB z/26. The name is a shortening of "Brno-Enfield". Brno was the city where the earlier z/26 was made, and Enfield was the company that made the Bren.

It was a simple but well-made LMG. It was well-known for using a curved, top-loading magazine, a carrying handle, and being light enough for one man to carry and use. It was so popular that even the Japanese made their own LMG based on the Bren, the Type-99 light machine gun.

It was so popular among British soldiers that it was used by the British Armed Forces from 1938 to the 1990s.

Light machine guns
Big Kap

Big Kap (1970–2016) was a DJ. He was born in New York City. He is well known for his album The Tunnel with DJ Funkmaster Flex, which was released in 1999. He died due to a heart attack on February 3, 2016 in New York. He was aged 45 at the time of his death.

References

Other websites

2016 deaths
1970 births
American DJs
Musicians from New York
Black Mountain (Kentucky)

Black Mountain is a mountain in Kentucky. It is the highest mountain peak in the Commonwealth of Kentucky, USA. The height of the summit is . It is near the Virginia border. Black bears live on the mountain.

References 

Mountains of the United States
Kentucky
Appalachian Mountains
Spring Awakening (festival)

The Spring Awakening Music Festival is an elecronic music festival that has been held at Soldier Field in Chicago, Illinois since 2012. Its music is, mostly, within the genres of  Progressive house, Electro house, Techno, and Dubstep. The Main Stage of the Festival is located on the heart of the sports field itself. Two smaller stages are around the outside of the stadium. This setup makes for very loud sound that is heard all around the festival. The festival usually takes place in June. In 2015, the festival had an age limit  (18+) for theifirst time.

History
Chicago is city that is well-known for its culture of House Music. Spring Awakening Music Festival was started in 2012 by the Chicago promotion company React Presents. With main artists like Skrillex and Afrojack the first year of the Festival received a very large crowd and has been held every year since. Spring Awakening Music Festival has included DJ sets from famous DJs such as Calvin Harris, Tiesto, Datsik, Excision, Diplo, Dillon Francis, and Hardwell as well as up-and-coming producers such as Bro Safari, Adventure Club, Figure, Zeds Dead, and Borgore. Over the years, the Festival has grown more and more popular because of the large fan base of Electronic Dance Music in the Chicago-land area. With people now coming from around the world to attend the Festival, there has been talk that the planners of the Festival might also hold other events outside Chicago.

References

Other websites

Spring Awakening Festival

Chicago, Illinois
Music festivals in the United States
Illinois
2012 establishments in the United States
2010s establishments in Illinois
John Holt (educator)

John Caldwell Holt was an American educator and author. He supported homeschooling and unschooling.

Homeschooling to deschooling 
Holt became disappointed with the United States school system after several years of working in it. He became convinced that improving the school system was not possible, and began to support homeschooling. Holt believed that children did not need to be pressured into learning. They would learn naturally if they had a variety of resources, and could follow their own interests.

Holt's Growing Without Schooling, founded in 1977, was the nation's first home education newsletter.

Holt, in his 1964 best-seller How Children Fail (2nd ed 1982), said schooling does more harm than good to a child's desire to truly learn. The book was followed by How Children Learn, which explained his positive ideas (1967, 2nd ed 1983.

Holt's sole book on homeschooling, Teach Your Own, was published in 1981. It was revised by his colleague Patrick Farenga and republished in 2003.

In his 1974 book, Escape from Childhood: the needs and rights of children, Holt said that children should have the same independence as adults. These included the right to work for money, sign contracts and be allowed to vote in elections.

Bibliography
 How Children Fail (1964). 
 How Children Learn (1967). 
 The Underachieving School (1969)
 What Do I Do Monday? (1970)
 Freedom and Beyond (1972)
 Escape from Childhood (1974)
 Instead of Education (1976)
 Never too late: my musical life story (1979)
 Teach Your Own (1981)
 Learning all the Time (1989)
 A Life Worth Living (1990)

More reading 
 Holt, J. (1967). How Children Learn. New York: Pitman.

References

1923 births
1985 deaths
Educators from New York City
Sara al-Drees

Sara al-Drees () or Sara Abd al-Wehab al-Drees () is a Kuwaiti teacher.  She is Kuwait's first political detainee.

Work 

Sara al-Drees got a BA in Sociology and Administration from Kuwait University. She is a writer for Al-Ra'i newspaper in Kuwait.  She is in the Kuwaiti Journalists' Association.  She was the leader of the literary cultural club of Kuwait University from 2010 to 2011.  She wrote three books.  In 2011 she was chosen for a special "nadwa", or workshop for young writers.

Political life 

The Kuwaiti government arrested her because she made political comments on Twitter. Al-Drees also worked with the Civil Democratic Movement, a group of political parties against the Muslim Brotherhood. 

In 2013, al-Drees got a prison sentence of 20 months for her political comments on Twitter. In November 2015 she got another arrest warrant for criticizing one of the wives of the Prophet Mohammed on Twitter. She was in London, but she said she would go back to Kuwait.

References

Other websites 

Kuwaiti people
Teachers
Living people
1987 births
William Katt

William Theodore Katt (born February 16, 1951) is an American actor and voice actor. He is best known for playing Ralph Hinkley in The Greatest American Hero. 

Katt was born to Bill Williams and Barbara Hale in Los Angeles.

Other websites

 

1951 births
Living people
Actors from Los Angeles
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors