cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Doubochinski's pendulum

Doubochinski's pendulum is an experiment with an oscillator and a magnet. The most simple case is that of a pendulum that interacts with an oscillator. The pendulum (with a magnet at the end) will swing at a frequency of one swing per period of 1-2 seconds. A stationary electromagnet is placed under the equilibrium point of the pendulum. The electromagnet is then supplied with an alternating current of a fixed frequency, of between 10 and 10.000 Hz. 
When the pendulum is released at any location, its movement will then evolve to stop at a height which depends on the frequency of the current of the electromagnet. This phenomenon was first discovered by the brothers Danil and Yakov Doubochinski in 1968–69.

References 

Pendulums
Don Pasquale

Don Pasquale is an Italian comic opera in three acts. Gaetano Donizetti wrote the music. Giovanni Ruffini wrote the libretto (story and words).

Don Pasquale was the 64th of the 66 operas Donizetti wrote. It is about an old bachelor who wants to marry. The opera was first performed on January 3, 1843 at the Comédie-Italienne in Paris, France.

It was first performed in Italy at La Scala in Milan on April 17, 1843. In London, England, it was first performed on June 29, 1843, and in the United States on January 7, 1845 in New Orleans.

Characters 
 Don Pasquale, an old bachelor (bass)
 Dr Malatesta, his doctor (baritone)
 Ernesto, Don Pasquale's nephew (tenor)
 Norina, a young widow (soprano)
 Carlino, a notary (bass)

Notes

References 
Holden, Amanda (Ed.) 2001. The New Penguin Opera Guide. Penguin Putnam.

Other websites 

 
 Longer synopsis of Don Pasquale  from English Touring Opera
 Discography from Stanford website
 
 
 

Compositions by Gaetano Donizetti
Operas
Tierra del Fuego

Tierra del Fuego is an archipelago at the southern tip of South America. The Magellan Strait sepearates it from the South American Mainland. The archipelago consists of a big island, Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego and a number of smaller islands. The land area of the archipelago is 73.746 square kilometers. With about 47.000 square kilometers, Isla Grande  takes roughly half of the total land mass. The Archipelago (and the main island) is divided between Argentina and Chile. About 127.000 people live in the part belonging to Argentina, about 8.000 in that belonging to Chile. The Argentine part is called Tierra del Fuego Province, the Chilenan part has the name Magellanes. The biggest cities on the main island are Rio Grande, 57.000 people, and Ushuaia in the Argentine part, and Porvenir with 5.700 inhabitants in the Chilenan  part. Puerto Williams, with 2300 people, is the most southern city in the world. 

Atlantic islands
Pacific islands
Islands of South America
Islands of Chile
Geography of Argentina
Mons Meg

Mons Meg is a mediaeval bombard made in 1449. It is now at Edinburgh Castle, Scotland. In contrast to modern shells, which are explosive, these older cannons fired solid balls. Mons Meg fired balls of iron.

It seems, from the accounts of Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy, that it was made to his order around 1449 and sent as a gift eight years later to King James II of Scotland, with other artillery supplies. Mons Meg weighs , is  in length, and has a calibre of . The final cost of the gun was £1,536. 2s.

History

Manufacture 
The bombard was made from long bars of iron, hooped with rings and fused into one mass. The Duke's artillery maker constructed it, and it was tested at Mons, Wallonia, in June 1449. The Duke did not take delivery until 1453. The Duke decided to help the Scots against the English, and sent it to James II. James imported a lot of artillery from continental Europe during his reign. He used it against his enemies in Scotland, such as the Earl of Douglas. James died as a result of an exploding cannon used in the siege of Roxburgh Castle in 1460.

Another story suggests Mons Meg was made in order to help James II in the 1452 siege of Threave Castle in Kirkcudbright, when the Clan MacLellan used it to batter the castle. This version has little support.

In action 
The  calibre cannon accepted balls that weighed about . It could only be fired 8-10 times a day due to the tremendous heat generated by the huge powder charge. In early years the gun, like the other royal cannon, was painted with red-lead to keep it from rusting. This cost 30 shillings in June 1539. 

From the 1540s Meg was retired from active service and was fired only on ceremonial occasions from Edinburgh Castle, from where shot could be found up to two miles away. When Mons was fired on 3 July 1558, workmen were paid to find and retrieve the shot from Wardie Mure, near the River Forth. The salute marked the marriage of Mary, Queen of Scots to the French Dauphin.

The gun was fired in 1680 to celebrate the arrival of James, Duke of Albany and York, later King James II of England and VII of Scotland. The barrel burst. An English cannoneer had loaded the charge and many Scots believed that the damage was done on purpose, since the English had no cannon as big as this. The incident was also seen as a bad omen for the future King.

The cannon was left outside Foog's Gate at Edinburgh Castle. It was next taken, with other disused ordnance, to the Tower of London in 1754, but was returned to the Castle in 1829, after a campaign by the author Sir Walter Scott. It was restored, and now sits outside St. Margaret's Chapel.

References 

Artillery
Edinburgh
Castelnaudary

Castelnaudary () is a commune in the Aude department in the Languedoc-Roussillon region in southern France.

A campus of the École nationale de l'aviation civile (French civil aviation university) is located at Castelnaudary.

Communes in Aude
Schwerer Gustav

Schwerer Gustav (English: Heavy Gustaf, or Great Gustaf) and Dora were the names of two huge World War II German 80 cm K (E) railway siege guns. 

The two guns were developed in the late 1930s by Krupp, the famous German arms manufacturer. Their purpose was to destroy heavy fortifications, especially in the French Maginot Line. The guns weighed nearly 1,350 tonnes, and could fire shells weighing seven tonnes to a range of .

Although they were intended for World War II, they were not ready for action when the Wehrmacht outflanked the Maginot line by sweeping through the low country (Belgium) to start the Battle of France. However, they were ready in Autumn 1941, after the Wehrmacht invaded the Soviet Union (Operation Barbarossa). Gustav was used at the siege of Sevastopol in the summer of 1942. By the end of the siege on 4 July the city of Sevastopol lay in ruins, and 30,000 tons of artillery ammunition had been fired. Gustav had fired 48 rounds and worn out its original barrel, which had already fired around 250 rounds during testing and development. The gun was fitted with the spare barrel and the original was sent back to Krupp's factory in Essen for relining.

Both Gustav and Dora were moved to Leningrad, and may have been intended for Warsaw. Gustav was eventually captured by US troops and cut up, whilst Dora was destroyed near the end of the war to avoid capture by the Red Army.

The Schwerer Gustav was the largest calibre rifled weapon in the history of artillery to see actual combat. It fired the heaviest shells of any artillery piece. A few other huge guns were never fired in anger: the French Monster Mortar (36 French inches; 975mm), the  British Mallet's Mortar (36 inch; 914 mm) and the American Little David mortar (36 inch; 910 mm).

Notes 

Artillery
Nazi Germany
World War II
Dominion of Newfoundland

The Dominion of Newfoundland was a British Dominion from 1907 to 1949. It was in northeastern North America along the Atlantic coast. It was made up of the island of Newfoundland and Labrador on the mainland. 

The territory was a British colony until 1907, when it was made a dominion. The Statute of Westminster of 11 December 1931 said that the Dominion of Newfoundland was independent within the British Commonwealth, along with Canada, Ireland, South Africa, Australia and New Zealand. But on 16 February 1934 the Newfoundland parliament gave up its self-government, and governance of the dominion went back to being controlled from London. Though governed from overseas, Newfoundland stayed legally a dominion, until it joined Canada in 1949 to become Canada's tenth province.

References

Historical territories of Canada
Former countries in North America
1907 establishments in North America
1949 disestablishments
1900s establishments in the United Kingdom
1940s disestablishments in the United Kingdom
20th-century disestablishments in North America
Type 95 75 mm field gun

The  was a field gun of the Imperial Japanese Army (IJA).  It was used during World War II.  

This artillery piece was planned to replace the Type 38 75 mm field gun and the Type 41 75 mm cavalry gun in front line combat.  However, Type 38s continued to be used.

History
Before World War I, the Imperial Japanese Army mainly had Krupp cannons from Germany. After the Versailles Treaty, the Japanese considered other options including field guns designed by Schneider et Cie from France. 

In 1931, IJA began to use the "Type 90" which was based on Schneider designs; however, the Type 90 was not considered successful.

The Type 95s were simpler and more sturdy than the Type 90s.

Combat record
Type 95s were used in the Second Sino-Japanese War.

Related pages 
 Artillery of Japan
 List of field guns

Notes

Other websites

 Type 95 on Taki's Imperial Japanese Army page
 US Technical Manual E 30-480

Japanese weapons
Artillery
Hamitic

Hamitic theory is a theory that claims that so called  hamitic race is superior to the negroid races on the African continent. John Hanning Speke started the theory. Karl Richard Lepsius and Carl Meinhof extended the theory: they used languages to classify people into hamitic or non-hamitic; this is no longer done today. 

Another way they classified people into hamitic or non-hamitic is by ethnic roots. Negroid people are perceived as Shemetic as opposed to the Hamitic Ethiopian, Sudanese, and some other West African ethnic groups as attested by the genealogy of ancient ethnic lineages.  For example, a person who has ancestry from Rome would be considered closer to a Hamite than a person whose ancestry is in Africa. Ironically, the Hamites include some of the darkest sub-Saharan African groups like the Nilotes that were considered closest to Europeans as opposed to the Chadic sub saharan Africans who share a common RB1 lineage. 
This theory also included giving classes to those members of the negroid races of Africa upon colonization. This, in part, contributed to the Rwandan Genocide, which pinned the members of the Tutsi ethnicity or tribe against the members of the Hutu people, although the tension between them was over small differences.

Race
History of Africa
Muret

Muret (Occitan gascon: Murèth) is a commune in the Haute-Garonne department, of which it is a subprefecture, in the Occitanie region of southwestern France.

Geography
Muret is at about  to the south of Toulouse and has an area of , and its average altitude is ; at the city hall, the altitude is .

The communes that are around Muret are Seysses, Roques, Saubens, Villate, Eaunes , Le Fauga, Beaumont-sur-Lèze, Saint-Hilaire, Lherm, Lamasquère, Saint-Clar-de-Rivière and Labastidette.

Muret is on the Garonne river at its confluence with the Louge, which flows northeast through the commune. The Garonne flows north through the commune and forms part of its northern border.

Muret has an oceanic climate with relatively hot summers, mild winters and abundant rainfall, Cfb in the Köppen climate classification.

Population
The inhabitants of Muret are known, in French, as Murétains (women: Murétaines).

The commune of Muret has a population, in 2014, of 24,975; its population density is of  inhabitants/km2.

Evolution of the population in Muret

Administration 
Muret is a subprefecture of the Haute-Garonne department, the capital of the arrondissement of Muret and the administrative centre () of the canton of Muret.

It is part of the intercommunality Le Muretain ().

Sister city 
Muret is twinned with:
  Monzón, Spain

Education
A campus of the École nationale de l'aviation civile (French civil aviation university) is in Muret.

Gallery

Related pages
 Arrondissement of Muret
 Communes of the Haute-Garonne department

References

Other websites

 City Council website 

Subprefectures in France
Communes in Haute-Garonne
Biscarosse

Biscarosse is a commune of 12,487 people (2007). It is in the region Aquitaine in the Landes department in the southwest of France.

Education 
A campus of the École nationale de l'aviation civile (French civil aviation university) is located at Biscarosse.

Communes in Landes
Saint-Yan

Saint-Yan is a commune in eastern France. It lies in the region of Burgundy. Today, about 1.141 people live in the city.

Education 
A campus of the École nationale de l'aviation civile (French civil aviation university) is located at Saint-Yan.

Transports 
 Saint-Yan Airport

Communes in Saône-et-Loire
Vices & Virtues

Vices & Virtues is the third full-length studio album from Panic! at the Disco. It was released on March 18, 2011 under Fueled By Ramen and Decaydance Records. The album was produced and mixed by music engineers Butch Walker and John Feldmann. The album peaked at number seven on the Billboard 200 albums chart and number five on the Billboard Digital Albums chart. The lead single off the album, "The Ballad of Mona Lisa", was released on February 1, 2011. The single peaked at number 84 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart. The second single off the album, titled "Ready to Go (Get Me Out of My Mind)", was released on June 6, 2011. It peaked at number 14 on the Billboard Alternative Songs chart.

The album has a different sound than their previous two studio album releases A Fever You Can't Sweat Out (2005) and Pretty. Odd. (2008). That is because two group members had left, and because of the amount of time between the releases of Vices and Pretty. Odd. The album has elements from the band's debut album. It has heavy use of synthesizers and guitars. The track "Mona Lisa" returns to the idea of the band's first single "I Write Sins, Not Tragedies", which had heavier guitar and rock influences.

The song "Let's Kill Tonight" was released in the United Kingdom for the band's 2012 Spring Vices & Virtues Tour. A music video was uploaded on February 10, 2012 on the Fueled By Ramen official YouTube channel with a minute and ten seconds of the band performing the song live in London.

Release
Vices & Virtues was released March 22, 2011 in the United States, Brazil, and Canada. It was released on other dates in other countries. The record debuted at number seven on the US Billboard 200 albums chart, with first-week sales of 56,000 copies in the United States. This is very different from the group's previous effort, Pretty. Odd., which debuted without much commercial attention in 2008, with first-week sales of 139,000. The album also came in at #2 on Neilson SoundScan Alternative Albums chart and #5 on the Digital Albums ranking.

Track listing

 "The Ballad of Mona Lisa"
 "Let's Kill Tonight"
 "Hurricane"
 "Memories"
 "Trade Mistakes"
 "Ready to Go (Get Me Out of My Mind)"
 "Always"
 "The Calendar"
 "Sarah Smiles"
 "Nearly Witches (Ever Since We Met...)"
 "New Perspective" (bonus track from the soundtrack of the 2009 horror film Jennifer's Body)

Bonus tracks

 "Oh Glory" (demo version)
 "Stall Me"
 "I Wanna Be Free"
 "Bittersweet"
 "Turn Off The Lights"
 "Kaleidoscope Eyes"
 "The Ballad of Mona Lisa" (radio edit)

References

2011 albums
Panic! at the Disco albums
Type 14 105 mm cannon

The , also known as a "10-cm" gun, was a cannon used by the Imperial Japanese Army (IJA). It was used during for long-range fire.

This artillery piece was the first medium caliber cannon which was Japanese designed.  It the first with a split trail carriage. It was used Imperial Japanese Army but was not considered successful. It was replaced by the Type 92 105 mm cannon.

History
Before World War I, the Imperial Japanese Army mainly had Krupp cannons from Germany. After the Versailles Treaty, the Japanese considered other options including cannon designed by Schneider et Cie from France.

In 1925, IJA began to use the "Type 14" which was based on Schneider designs; however, the Type 14 was not considered successful.

Combat record
Type 14s were used for training units in the Japanese home islands.

Related pages 
 Artillery of Japan
 List of field guns

References

Other websites

 Type 14 on Taki's Imperial Japanese Army page
 US Technical Manual E 30-480

Japanese weapons
Artillery
The Ballad of Mona Lisa

The Ballad of Mona Lisa (shortened as Mona Lisa) is the lead single off the Panic! at the Disco album Vices & Virtues released on February 1, 2011 under Fueled By Ramen. The single was produced by Butch Walker and John Feldmann and written by band members frontman Brendon Urie and drummer Spencer Smith. The song peaked at number 84 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 single's chart. The song has received positive critical reviews upon its release.

Track listing

Charts

References

2011 songs
Panic! at the Disco songs
Ready to Go (Get Me Out of My Mind)

Ready to Go (Get Me Out of My Mind (also known as Ready to Go) the second single off the album Vices & Virtues by American pop rock band Panic! at the Disco. The single is the follow up to the band's previously released single "The Ballad of Mona Lisa". The single was produced by Butch Walker, who produced the majority of the band's Vices & Virtues album, and written by frontman Brendon Urie and percussionist Spencer Smith along with co-producer John Feldmann. The single is a branch out statement relative to the group's other well-known songs as this song contains less rock elements and is lacking the group's sound from their previous two albums A Fever You Can't Sweat Out and Pretty. Odd. The single peaked at number fourteen on the U.S. Billboard Alternative Songs chart in July of 2011. 

The song was chosen as the opening act for the band's headlining Vices & Virtues U.S. Tour in 2011 duo to its rev-up sound and pop elements.

Music video
The single's music video premiered on YouTube and VEVO on May 2, 2011 on the official Fueled By Ramen YouTube channel. As of February 1, 2012 the video itself, on YouTube, has a round-up tally of 6,000,000 views.

Track list
 "Ready to Go (Get Me Out of My Mind)" - 3:37 (Album version)
 "Ready to Go (Get Me Out of My Mind)" - 3:20 (live tour performance)

2011 songs
Panic! at the Disco songs
The Producers (1967 movie)

The Producers is a 1968 American satirical dark comedy cult classic movie written and directed by Mel Brooks. The movie tells the story of a theatrical producer and an accountant who want to produce a Broadway musical, but they want it to fail. They take more money from investors than they need and plan to abscond to Brazil as soon as the play closes, only to see the show turn out to be a hit.
 
The Producers was the first movie directed by Mel Brooks. He won an Academy Award for his screenplay. Decades later, it was selected for preservation in the National Film Registry and placed 11th on the AFI's 100 Years...100 Laughs list. The movie was later remade by Brooks as a successful Broadway stage musical. The musical itself was adapted as a movie in 2005.

Cast
Zero Mostel as Max Bialystock, the producer
Gene Wilder as Leo Bloom, the accountant
Dick Shawn as L.S.D.
Kenneth Mars as former Nazi soldier and playwright, Franz Liebkind

Other websites 

1968 comedy movies
Academy Award winning movies
American black comedy movies
American satirical movies
English-language movies
Movies set in Manhattan
United States National Film Registry movies
Movies directed by Mel Brooks
MyNetworkTV

MyNetworkTV is an broadcast syndication channel in the United States. It is owned by Fox Entertainment Group. It is a major network. Their sister channel is Fox.

Programs
List of programs broadcast by MyNetworkTV

References
"Fall Premieres - TV Grid", Orange County Register, September 14, 2007

MyNetworkTV series and specials from The Futon Critic Showatch
MyNetworkTV schedule  at MyNetworkTV.com

American television networks
Fox Broadcasting Company
2006 establishments in the United States
List of programs broadcast by MyNetworkTV



Currently Airing Off-Network Repeats
Mondays:
Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (2011–18; 2019–present)

Tuesdays:
Cold Case (2011–12)

Wednesdays:
Burn Notice (2010–12)

Thursdays:
Without a Trace (2009–12)

Fridays:
Monk (2010–14)

Formerly broadcast

Telenovelas
American Heiress (2007)
Desire (2006)
Fashion House (2006)
Saints & Sinners (2007)
Watch Over Me (2006–2007)
Wicked Wicked Games (2006–2007)

Music
Control Room Presents (2007–2008)

Reality
The Academy (2007)
Breaking the Magician's Code: Magic's Biggest Secrets Finally Revealed (2007–2009)
Celebrity Exposé (2007–2009)
Decision House (2007–2008)
Jail (2007–2009)
Masters of Illusion (2009)
Meet My Folks (2007–2008)
Paradise Hotel 2 (2008)
Street Patrol (2008–2009)
The Tony Rock Project (2008–2009)
Under One Roof (2008–2009)
Vice Squad (2009)
Whacked Out Videos (2008–2009)
World's Funniest Moments (2008–2009)
Comics Unleashed (2008–2009)
The Best of In Living Color (2007–2008)

Comedy
The Bernie Mac Show (2009–2010)
Scrubs (2009–2011)
The New Adventures of Old Christine (2010–2011)

Drama
The Twilight Zone (2008–2009)
The Unit (2009–2010)
Law & Order: Criminal Intent (2010–2011)

Game Shows
Are You Smarter Than a 5th Grader? (2009–2011)
Deal or No Deal (2009–2010)
Don't Forget the Lyrics! (2010–2011)

Sports
IFL Battleground (2007–2008)
WWE SmackDown    (2008–2010)

Movies
My Thursday Night Movie (2009–2010)
My Friday Night Movie (2007–2008)
My Saturday Night Movie (2008–2009)

Specials
World Music Awards (2007)
Happy Birthday, Elton (2007)
Hawaiian Tropic International Beauty Pageant (2007)
Ujena Bikini Jam (2007)
Hooters Dream Girl Challenge
Night of a Million Laughs: Comics Unleashed (2007)
Eddie Murphy: 25th Anniversary of 'Delirious' (2007)
Taurus World Stunt Awards (2007)
Celebrity Daredevils (2007)
AVP Volleyball specials (2007–2008)
Santa's Funniest Moments (2007)
Holidaze: The Christmas That Almost Didn't Happen (2007)
Christmas Glory: In the Key of Love (2007)
Christmas at the Cathedral (2007)
World Magic Awards (2007)
Masters of Illusion: Impossible Magic (2008)
Secrets of Psychics Revealed (2008)
The Harlem Globetrotters 80th Anniversary Special (2008)
Impossible Escapes (2008)
Heroes Among Us: The 2008 Hero Awards (2008)
The Tour of Gymnastics Superstars (2008)
WrestleMania XXIV (2008)

References
"Fall Premieres - TV Grid", Orange County Register, September 14, 2007

MyNetworkTV series and specials from The Futon Critic Showatch
MyNetworkTV schedule  at MyNetworkTV.com

Television
Meu Bem Querer

Meu Bem Querer (My Wishing Well) is a Brazilian historical telenovela. It was first shown in 1998. The series starred Murilo Benício, Alessandra Negrini, Leonardo Brício and Flávia Alessandra.

Cast

References

Other websites
 

1998 television series debuts
Telenovelas
Brazilian television series
Infantry gun

Infantry guns are artillery weapons for the use of infantry units. The designs usually have short barrels which fire a low speed shell. They are lightly built so they are easy to moved around on the battlefield. Very few infantry guns are still used by infantry units. They have been replaced by grenade launchers, light anti-tank weapons and heavier wire-guided missiles. Pack guns are similar to an infantry gun, but mean those guns that are meant to be taken apart for movement. Mountain guns are infantry guns designed for use during mountain combat. Airborne guns are those designed for use by paratroopers. They are easy to move and lighter weight when compared to field guns.

History
Infantry guns were the first type of artillery used by armed forces, first in China, and later brought to Europe by the Mongol invasion. At first they were simple cast barrels called pots de fer in French, or vasi in Italian. These weapons were small, immobile, and fired large bolts or quarrels. As the barrels became longer, a way had to be found to move the guns. This led to two different solutions. One was the very light hand-gun, which became the arquebus. The other was to place the gun on wheeled carriages, such as the 2-pounder Culvern moyane, the 1-pounder Falcon, and the 3/4-pounder Falconet. These lighter Renaissance pieces led to the development of the 3-pounder and 4-pounder regimental guns of the 17th century, notably in the army of Gustavus Adolphus. The light field guns of the 17th century, known as a drake in England, came in almost 100 different calibres. Each had its own name, some of which were:
5 pound, 3½ inch saker, weighing 1 ton
4 pound, 3 inch minion, weighing 3/4 ton
2 pound, 2¾ inch falcon, weighing 1/4 ton
1 pound, 2 inch falconet, weighing 200lbs
¾ pound, ¼ inch robinet, weighing 100lbs

The saker and falcon had ranges of 360 and 320 yards if fired straight at the target, and 2,170 and 1,920 yards if fired in an upward arc.

Although oxen were used to pull the heavier field and siege guns, some on wagons rather than limbers, they were too slow to keep up with the infantr. Horses were used to pull the lighter pieces, leading to the development of the artillery carriage and horse team that survived until the late 19th century.

Related pages
 List of infantry guns

References

Artillery
Giacomo Leopardi

Giacomo Leopardi (Recanati June 29, 1798 – Naples June 14, 1837) was an Italian poet, essayist, philosopher, and philologist. He is considered one of the greatest poets of the 19th century. 
Even if he lived in a secluded town in the ultra-conservative Papal States, he came in touch with the main thoughts of the Enlightenment, and, by his own literary evolution, created a remarkable, renowned and pessimist poetic work, related to the Romantic era.

Italian poets
Italian philosophers
1798 births
1837 deaths
Good Night

"Good Night" is the first episode of Season 1 of The Simpsons shorts. It was first shown on television on April 19, 1987.

Simple storyline 
Homer and Marge Simpson say good night to their children, Bart, Lisa and Maggie Simpson, but actually scare them with sayings they have not heard of.

Longer storyline 
Homer says good night to his son Bart, but then he asks questions about the mind. Homer tells Bart to relax, and makes a joke about mind and matter. Bart is still scared when the lights are turned off.

In Lisa's bedroom, Marge is good night to her daughter Lisa. After a few sentences, she uses the saying "don't let the bed bugs bite". This scares Lisa as well.

In Maggie's bedroom, Marge sings the lullaby Rock-a-bye Baby, but in Maggie's thoughts she sees herself falling from a tree. Maggie becomes scared from this thought like Bart and Lisa.

In Marge and Homer's bedroom, they say good night to each other thinking they must be the best parents ever. Then Bart, Lisa and Maggie come in the room quickly, and start shouting and complaining. Marge tells them to come into bed with them to make them feel safer, and they go to sleep. Maggie is last, saying "Good night".

Notes 
This is one of Maggie's small amount of words she has said in The Simpsons.

References 

The Simpsons
1987 in entertainment
1980s television episodes
Brookesia micra

Brookesia micra is, , the smallest known species of chameleon in the world. It is small enough to stand on the head of a match. It can grow up to  in length.

References

Chameleons
Airdrie, Alberta

Airdrie is a city in the Canadian province of Alberta. The population of Airdrie was 42,564 in 2011. The mayor of Airdrie is Peter Brown. The city was first established as a railway village in 1889 during the construction of the Calgary and Edmonton Railway and is named after Airdrie, Scotland.

References

Other websites
Official website

Cities in Alberta
United States men's national ice hockey team

The United States men's national ice hockey team is the national ice hockey team of the United States, based in Colorado Springs, Colorado and Ann Arbor, Michigan. The team is controlled by USA Hockey.

National ice hockey teams
Type 92 105 mm cannon

, also known as a "10-cm" gun, was a cannon of the Imperial Japanese Army (IJA).  It was used during World War II.  

This artillery piece was used during the Second Sino-Japanese War and World War II.

It was intended to supersede the Type 14 105 mm cannon in front line combat service.

History
A Type 92 prototype was completed in 1932.  Less than 200 Type92s were made.

Combat record
The cannon was first used in combat at the Battle of Nomonhan.

In 1942, it was used during the Bataan and Corregidor Island.

On Guadalcanal, the US Marines called these guns "Pistol Petes".

Related pages 
 Artillery of Japan
 List of field guns

References

Other websites

 Type 92 on Taki's Imperial Japanese Army page
 US Technical Manual E 30-480

Japanese weapons
Artillery
Yamato, Kanagawa

Yamato () is a city in central Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan.

It has been recognized as a special city since 2000.

Geography
Yamato is in the plains of north-central Kanagawa Prefecture.

Nearby cities
Zama
Fujisawa
Ebina
Sagamihara
Ayase
Yokohama
Machida, Tokyo

References

Other websites 

 Official website in Japanese, English and Spanish

Cities in Kanagawa Prefecture
Yamaguchi Prefecture

is a Japanese prefecture  at the western end of the Chūgoku region on the island of Honshū. The capital is the city of Yamaguchi.

History 
The area of Yamaguchi Prefecture includes the old provinces of Suō and Nagato.

Geography 
Yamaguchi is at the southern end of Honshū.  The Sea of Japan forms its northern coastline; and the Seto Inland Sea is on its southern coast. Its northeastern border meets Shimane Prefecture and Hiroshima Prefecture.

Cities
There are 13 cities in Yamaguchi, including

National Parks
National Parks are established in about 7% of the total land area of the prefecture.

Shrines and Temples
Tamanoya jinja and Sumiyoshi jinja are the chief Shinto shrines (ichinomiya) in the prefecture.

Notable people from Yamaguchi 
This list is not finished; you can help Wikipedia by adding to it.
 Shinzo Abe 
 Naoto Kan

Related pages
 Provinces of Japan
 Prefectures of Japan
 List of regions of Japan
 List of islands of Japan

References

Other websites

 Yamaguchi Prefecture website
List of infantry guns

Infantry guns are designed to give direct support for infantry forces.  They fire a range of shells, usually directly at their target.  Most are lightweight and can be manhandled for limited mobility to accompany infantry.

Towed infantry guns

Self-propelled infantry guns 

Self-propelled infantry guns named Assault guns are guns mounted in armored vehicles designed to provide direct fire support for infantry and armored forces.  Typically, the gun is mounted in the hull and the front of the vehicle most heavily armored.

References

Artillery
Lists of weapons
Nocturnal enuresis

Nocturnal enuresis, also called bedwetting, is a health issue that is often caused by or the symptom of certain health troubles. It happens when a person involuntarily urinates while he or she is asleep. Sometimes people suffering from bedwetting use diapers. Usually this issue is common in newborns and  children.    

Health
Orion nebula

The Orion nebula, or  Messier 42, M42, or NGC 1976, is a diffuse nebula. It is visible to the naked eye in the night sky. It is exceptionally bright because it has O-type stars  at its core. They are the hottest and brightest stars. The nebula is south of Orion's Belt in the constellation of Orion.

M42 is 1,344 ± 20 light years away from us. It is the closest region of massive star formation to Earth. Big as it is, the Orion nebula is just part of an even larger star-forming area known as the Orion complex.

Stellar nursery 

The nebula is a huge stellar nursery. 700 stars are in the process of forming there. At its heart is a very young open cluster, known as the Trapezium because of the pattern formed by its main stars. 

Recent observations with the Hubble Space Telescope have shown protoplanetary disks inside the Orion Nebula. This is a major discovery. They are called proplyds for short. There are more than 150 of these in the nebula. They are thought to be to be systems in the earliest stages of planetary system formation. The sheer numbers have been used as evidence that the formation of star systems is fairly common in the universe.

Stars form when clumps of hydrogen and other gases in an H II region contract under their own gravity. As the gas collapses, the central clump grows stronger and the gas heats to extreme temperatures by converting gravitational potential energy to thermal energy. If the temperature gets high enough, nuclear fusion will start, and form a protostar. The protostar is 'born' when it begins to emit enough energy to balance out its gravity and halt gravitational collapse.

References 

Nebulae
Calgary Hitmen

The Calgary Hitmen are a Canadian professional ice hockey team that began playing in 1995. They currently play in the Western Hockey League. They play their home games in Calgary, Alberta at the Scotiabank Saddledome. The teams name pays homage to the nickname of retired professional wrestler Bret Hart. Hart was also a founding member of the Hitmen along with NHL players Theoren Fleury and Joe Sakic. The team has won 2 Ed Chynoweth Cups.

References

Other websites
Official website

1995 establishments in Canada
Canadian Hockey League teams
Ice hockey teams in Alberta
Western Hockey League
Sport in Calgary
Bulacan

Bulacan is a province in the Philippines. Its capital is Malolos City. It is in the northern island of Luzon. It is surrounded by the province of Pampanga in the west; Nueva Ecija in the north; Aurora and Quezon in the east; and Metro Manila in the south. 

It is an historic place in the Philippines. Many Filipino heroes and political persons come from Bulacan. It was also the former seat of the national government.

Cities and municipalities 
Bulacan is divided into 3 cities and 21 municipalities (towns):

Cities
 Malolos
 Meycauayan
 San Jose del Monte

Municipalities
 Angat
 Balagtas (old name: Bigaa)
 Baliuag
 Bocaue
 Bulacan
 Bustos
 Calumpit
 Dona Remedios Trinidad
 Guiguinto
 Hagonoy
 Marilao
 Norzagaray
 Obando
 Pandi
 Paombong
 Plaridel
 Pulilan
 San Ildefonso
 San Miguel de Mayumo (shorter name: San Miguel)
 San Rafael
 Santa Maria

References

Provinces of the Philippines
Everett Silvertips

The Everett Silvertips are an American professional ice hockey team that began playing in 2003. They currently play in the Western Hockey League. They play their home games in Everett, Washington at the Comcast Arena at Everett. The team is named after the Silvertip bear. The team has won division titles in the 2003–04, 2005–06, 2006–2007 seasons, a conference title in the 2003-04 season and a regular season title in the 2006–0

Other websites
Official website

2003 establishments in the United States
Canadian Hockey League teams
Ice hockey teams in the United States
Western Hockey League
Sports in Washington (U.S. state)
Everett, Washington
2000s establishments in Washington (state)
Edmonton Oil Kings

The Edmonton Oil Kings are a Canadian professional ice hockey team that began playing in 2007. They currently play in the Western Hockey League. They play their home games in Edmonton, Alberta at the Rexall Place.

Other websites
Official website

2007 establishments in Canada
Canadian Hockey League teams
Ice hockey teams in Alberta
Western Hockey League
Sport in Edmonton
Lethbridge Hurricanes

The Lethbridge Hurricanes are a Canadian professional ice hockey team that began playing in 1987. They currently play in the Western Hockey League. They play their home games in Lethbridge, Alberta at the ENMAX Centre. The team was known as the Winnipeg Jets from 1967–73, the Winnipeg Clubs from 1973–76, the Winnipeg Monarchs from 1976–77 and the Calgary Wranglers from 1977–87. They have won 1 Ed Chynoweth Cup in the 1996-97 season.

Other websites
Official website

1987 establishments in Canada
Canadian Hockey League teams
Western Hockey League
Ice hockey teams in Alberta
Lethbridge
Chocolate Rain

"Chocolate Rain" is a song and music video by Tay Zonday. After being posted on YouTube on April 22, 2007, the song quickly became popular.

License
The song and video are licensed under a Creative Commons by-nc-nd license. Even though this license is not completely free, it has been suggested that the relative openness of the license has helped to encourage the song's spread. Creative Commons has praised Tay Zonday specifically for this very reason. Zonday has expressed his own thoughts on the licensing situation on his Myspace blog, stating, "I want non-profit radio and small mom/pop cafes to be able to play my music for free. But I also want giant corporations who can afford to give me a dime or two to pay fair royalties."

References

Other websites
 Tay Zonday's Personal Website

2007 songs
YouTube
CTV Television Network

CTV Television Network (commonly referred to as CTV) is a Canadian English-language television network.

CTV Stations
CIVT Vancouver, British Columbia

CFCN Calgary, Alberta

CKCK Regina, Saskatchewan

CKY Winnipeg, Manitoba

CICI Sudbury, Ontario

CFCF Montreal, Quebec

CKLT Saint John, New Brunswick

CJCH Halifax, Nova Scotia

CKCW Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island

CJON St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador

Slogans 
 1961-1966 This is CTV
 1966-1967 The Colour Network
 1967-1974 It's Happening on CTV
 1968-1969 Pleasure Isle (TV promos only)
 1974-1985 For Those Who Want It All
 1985-1987 CTV Entertains You
 1987-1988 You'll See it All on CTV
 1988-1989 The Choice of Canadians
 1989-1990 Watch Yourself on CTV
 1990-1994 Tuned In To You
 1994-1997 This Is CTV
 1997-2005 Canadian Television
 2003-2005 Canada's Watching (alternate slogan)
 2005-2009 Canada's #1 Network

CTV Two 

Since the 2007 acquisition of A Channel by CTVglobemedia as part of the takeover of CHUM Limited, media analysts had speculated that CTV may potentially extend its market-leading CTV brand to that network. It was first rebranded as A in 2008, then as CTV Two on August 29, 2011.

Canadian television networks
1961 establishments in Canada
Viral video

A viral video is a video that becomes popular through the process of Internet sharing, usually through video sharing websites, social media and email.

Internet memes
Kootenay Ice

The Kootenay Ice are a Canadian professional ice hockey team that began playing in 1998. They currently play in the Western Hockey League. They play their home games in Cranbrook, British Columbia at the Cranbrook Recreational Complex. The team was originally known as the Edmonton Ice from 1996 to 1998 before it moved to Cranbrook in 1998. The team has won 3 Ed Chynoweth Cups in the 1999-00, 2001-02 and 2010-11 seasons.

Other websites
Official website

1998 establishments in Canada
Canadian Hockey League teams
Western Hockey League
Ice hockey teams in British Columbia
Medicine Hat Tigers

The Medicine Hat Tigers are a Canadian professional ice hockey team that began playing in 1970. They currently play in the Western Hockey League. They play their home games in Medicine Hat, Alberta at the Medicine Hat Arena. The Tigers have won two national Memorial Cups, five WHL League Championships and seven Division Titles.

Other websites
Official website

1970 establishments in North America
Canadian Hockey League teams
Western Hockey League
Ice hockey teams in Alberta
1970s establishments in Canada
Red Deer Rebels

The Red Deer Rebels are a Canadian professional ice hockey team that began playing in 1992. They currently play in the Western Hockey League. They play their home games in Red Deer, Alberta at the ENMAX Centrium. The Tigers have won one Memorial Cup, one WHL League Championships, three Division Titles and two regular season titles.

Other websites
Official website

1992 establishments in Canada
Canadian Hockey League teams
Western Hockey League
Ice hockey teams in Alberta
Red Deer, Alberta

Red Deer is a city in the Canadian province of Alberta. The population of Red Deer was 90,564 in 2011. The mayor of Red Deer is Morris Flewwelling.

References

Other websites
Official website 

Cities in Alberta
Dungeon

A dungeon is a room or cell in a castle to keep prisoners. Most dungeons are underground, some are high up in towers.

An oubliette is a type of dungeon that can be entered by using a trapdoor in the ceiling.

Castles
Rooms
Imprisonment and detention
Atypical depression

Atypical depression is a subtype of major depression and dysthymia, sharing certain symptoms for both, though it is also marked with mood reactivity (having improved moods during positive events). Atypical depression is also associated with too much sleeping and excessive eating.

Mood disorders
Salvatore Cammarano

Salvatore Cammarano (also Salvadore) (19 March 1801 – 17 July 1852) was an Italian librettist and playwright. He is probably best known for writing the text of Lucia di Lammermoor (1835) for Gaetano Donizetti. He was born and died in Naples.

For Donizetti he also wrote L'assedio di Calais (1836), Belisario (1836), Pia de' Tolomei (1837), Roberto Devereux (1837), Maria de Rudenz (1838), Poliuto (1838), and Maria di Rohan (1843). For Giuseppe Persiani he wrote Ines de Castro.

For Verdi he wrote Alzira (1845), La battaglia di Legnano (1849) and Luisa Miller (1849). He had almost finished his libretto for Il trovatore (1853) when he died in July 1852. It was completed by Leone Emanuele Bardare.  Cammarano started a libretto for William Shakespeare's King Lear, named Re Lear. He died before completing it. A scenario survives.

References 

 Black, John, The Italian Romantic Libretto: A Study of Salvadore Cammarano, Edinburgh University Press, 1984

Other websites 
 Opera at Stanford University

1801 births
1852 deaths
Librettists
People from Naples
Writers from Campania
Italian composers
Italian poets
Italian writers
Playwrights
Tuenti

Tuenti is a mobile operator brand owned by the Spanish company Tuenti Technologies, S.L.U. Telefónica bought 100% of the company back in 2011.

Before, Tuenti was also the most popular social network in Spain between 2009 and 2012 with up 15 million registered users.

Tuenti works in Spain as a full virtual mobile operator (MVNO) using Telefónica's mobile network. Tuenti was launched by Telefónica in Latin-America in 2014 as a whole new brand.

References

Social networking
Sofía Vergara

Sofía Margarita Vergara Vergara (born July 10, 1972) is a Colombian and American actress, comedian, television hostess and model. 

Vergara stars on the ABC series Modern Family as "Gloria Delgado-Pritchett", for which she was nominated for two Golden Globe Awards, two Primetime Emmy Awards, and three Screen Actors Guild Awards for Best Comedy Actress.  Her first big English role was 2002 film Big Trouble.

References

Other websites 

1972 births
Living people
Colombian entertainers
Colombian movie actors
People from Barranquilla
Colombian television actors
LGBT rights in Israel

Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender (LGBT) people in Israel are considered to have more rights than anywhere else in the Middle East. In November 2005, a groundbreaking (which has not happened before) court decision in Israel ruled that a lesbian spouse could officially adopt a child born to her current partner by artificial insemination from an anonymous sperm donor; this ruling came despite protests by the minority Orthodox Jewish parliamentary parties. Common law marriage, which grants most of the official marriage rights to the spouse has been achieved, but full official same-sex marriage has not yet been sanctioned. However, same-sex marriages performed elsewhere are recognized.

Summary table

  No restriction if last MSM activity was before 1977.

References

Israel
Politics of Israel
Pruchnik

Pruchnik is a town in the east of Poland. It is in Jarosław County, Subcarpathian Voivodeship about 17 kilometres from the town of Jarosław.

Towns in Poland
LGBT rights in the State of Palestine

In the Palestinian-occupied Israeli territories, there are no laws that specifically protect LGBT people. No laws protect LGBT people from discrimination (not being treated equally because they are LGBT) or harassment. However, the Basic Law of the Palestinian Constitution claims to give all Palestinians certain freedoms. For example, it covers freedom of belief, freedom of expression, and freedom of bodily integrity. It also gives Palestinians freedom from discrimination "because of race, sex, color, religion, political views, or disability". The Basic Law also protects people's human rights. In other countries, people have used these types of laws and freedoms to argue that LGBT rights should exist. However, hundreds of gay Palestinians have left and moved to Israel because they did not feel welcome or safe in Palestinian-ruled areas.

Homosexuality is still illegal in parts of the Palestine-occupied Israeli territories. In 1951, same-sex acts were decriminalized in Judea and Samaria, which was occupied by Jordan. Same-sex acts are still decriminalized there today. On the other hand, in the Gaza Strip, same-sex acts between men were made illegal in 1936, by the British Mandate Criminal Code Ordinance, No. 74. This law is still in place, so same-sex acts between men are still illegal there. Lesbian women are not covered by this law. 

In both Judea and Samaria and the Gaza Strip, the Palestinian Authority has not made laws either for or against homosexuality. Instead, the President of the Palestinian Authority decided to keep the laws that were already in place in the Gaza Strip and Judea and Samaria. On May 20, 1994, he ruled that laws that took effect before June 5, 1967 in these areas would not be changed. The laws are also more complicated because the Palestinian territories have been ruled by many different foreign powers, like the Ottoman Empire, the British Empire, Jordan, and Egypt. Each of these foreign powers, along with Israel, created their own laws for the Palestinian-occupied Israeli territories. Because of the many different laws that have been in place there, the legal situation in the territories is confusing. Sometimes, the criminal law about homosexuality is applied (or used) in the territories. At other times, the laws are not applied. It can be different in the different territories.

References

Palestine
Politics of Palestine
Vladivostok

Vladivostok () is a city on the Pacific Ocean shore of the Russian Far East. Vladivostok was founded on 2 July 1860. The east end of the Trans-Siberian railway is there. The city is the home of the Russian Pacific Fleet. The population of the city at the census of 2019 was 605,049. The highest point of historical part of Vladivostok is Eagle's Nest Hill (199 m), but the highest point of Vladivostok City District is unnamed mountain named by citizens as Blue Hill (474 m).

References

Vladivostok
Capital cities in Russia