cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
La Bella Mafia

La Bella Mafia is the third studio album by rapper Lil' Kim, released March 4, 2003, on Atlantic Records. It was her third album to be certified platinum.

Track listing

Sample credits
"Juicytro" contains a sample of The Notorious B.I.G.'s "Juicy".
"Hold It Now" contains samples of Beastie Boys's "Paul Revere" and Kurtis Blow's "Christmas Rappin'".
"Can't Fuck with Queen Bee" contains an sample and interpolation from the hit Deniece Williams song "Free"
"Shake Ya Bum Bum" contains a sample of Saregama India Ltd's "Hum".
"The Jump Off" contains a interpolation from The Lost Boyz's "Jeeps, Lex, Coups, Bimaz, and Benz".
"This Is a Warning" contains a sample and interpolation of R. Kelly's "A Woman's Threat".
"Magic Stick" contains a sample of B.B. King's "The Thrill Is Gone".
"Get In Touch with Us" contains a sample of Saregama India Ltd's "Zindagi Ban Gaye To Tum".
"Heavenly Father" contains a sample of The O'Jays's "A Prayer".
"Came Back for You" contains a sample of Irene Reid's "Didn't We".

Leftover tracks
"Knock 'Em Out the Box" (featuring Method Man)
"Back Together Again" (featuring The Notorious B.I.G.)
"Flow So Sick" (featuring Ice Drake)
"What's The Word?" (featured bonus track on the Japanese album release)

Personnel
Executive Producers: Kimberly "Lil' Kim" Jones & The Notorious B.I.G.
Associate Producers: Hillary Weston & Jean Nelson
Queen Bee A&R: Jean Nelson & Dre Weston
Atlantic A&R: Huston "Hutty" Miller
Atlantic A&R Administrator: Lanre Gaba
Atlantic A&R Coordinator: Chris Wade
Queen Bee Project Manager: Jamel "Mann" Jackson
Atlantic Project Manager: Joi Brown
Album Assistant Engineer: Greg "Gee" Stewart
Management: Hillary Weston
Legal Affairs: L. Londell McMillan, P.C.
Business Affairs: David Berdon LLP & Co.
Album Sequencing: DJ 45 & Dan "The" Man
Cover Photo & Photos 1, 2: Vincent Soyez
Hair: Tre Major
Makeup: JJ
Styling: Derek Lee and Kimberly "Lil' Kim" Jones
Prop Stylist: Linda Keil
Jewelry: MiMi So
Additional Jewelry: Prestige Diamonds
Photos 3, 4: David LaChapelle
Hair: Cessy Lima
Makeup: Scott Barnes
Styling: Andrea Leiberman
Jewelry: Diamond Quasar
Art Direction: Lynn Kowalewski
Design: Kevin Wolahan

Charts and certifications

Charts

Certifications

References

2003 albums
Hip hop albums
Dance Remixes

Dance Remixes is the first remix album by American rapper Lil' Kim. It was released on June 6, 2006 by Atlantic Records. The album has dance remixes of the two singles "Lighters Up" and "Whoa" from Kim's fourth studio album The Naked Truth (2005). It also has two remixes of "Big Momma Thang" and a remix of "Queen Bitch" from Kim's debut album Hard Core (1996).

Track listing 
The official track listing for the album.

References 

2006 albums
Dance albums
Hip hop albums
Ms. G.O.A.T.

Ms. G.O.A.T., is the first mixtape by American rapper Lil' Kim. It was released June 3, 2008 independently by Kim's own record label Queen Bee Entertainment. Lil Kim had never made a mix tape before, and in an MTV interview, she stated "I always wanted to do a mixtape... I used to see how 50 (Cent) used to do it so hard... Damn, it’s not a lot of girls doing it.". Ms. G.O.A.T. was her first own published release. The album features some new songs as well as remixes of several songs like Britney Spears' "Gimme More" and Alicia Keys' "No One".

Track listing

References

2008 albums
Hip hop albums
Black Friday (Lil' Kim mixtape)

Black Friday is the second mixtape by American rapper Lil' Kim, released on February 14, 2011. The mixtape is a parody of fellow female rapper Nicki Minajs 2010 album "Pink Friday" in which Minaj takes shots at Kim on several songs such as "Roman's Revenge" and "Did it On 'Em". Kim's artwork features a picture of Kim with a sword that had just been used to behead Minaj. The title track also is a diss song aimed at Minaj as Kim imitates Minaj talking about Kim on her song "Roman's Revenge" in an interview. The album also includes vocals from Minaj and R&B singers Rihanna and Keri Hilson.

Track listing

2011 albums
Hip hop albums
LGBT rights in the United Kingdom

Lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) rights in the United Kingdom have improved a lot in recent years. In 2005, civil partnerships for same sex couples was legalised across the UK. In 2014, same sex marriage was legalised in England, Scotland and Wales. Gay people cannot get married in Northern Ireland because the Northern Ireland assembly voted against legalising it.

Sex between two men was illegal in the UK until 1967, but no law was ever made regarding lesbian sexual activity. In 1967, sex between men was partially decriminalized in England and Wales. It was made legal for men over 21 years' old in 1967, with some very serious restrictions, legal for men over 18 in 1994, and equalized with the heterosexual age of consent in 2002. The bill in 2000 also introduced a lesbian age of consent for the first time too. In Scotland it was legalised in 1981 and in Northern Ireland it was legalized in 1982. However, the UK Parliament legislated for same-sex marriage in Northern Ireland, which is expected to come into force on or before 13 January 2020.

Legal summary

References

LGBT politics in the United Kingdom
Hard Core 2

Hard Core 2 (also known as Hard Core 2K14 and Hard Core) is the third mixtape by American rapper Lil' Kim; it was released independently by Kim on her International Rock Star (I.R.S.) label; which was originally called "Queen Bee Entertainment" before the release of 2011's "Black Friday mixtape." It is the first mixtape that Kim released after giving birth to her daughter Royal Reign on 9 June 2014.

The name of the mixtape pays homage to Kim's debut album "Hard Core" which was released in 1996.

The mixtape also includes two songs that are diss tracks aimed at Nicki Minaj; a reggae type song called "Dead Gal Walking" and a hip hop and R&B sounding song called "Identity Theft".

Track listing

References

2014 albums
Hip hop albums
Diamonds (song)

"Diamonds" is a song by Barbadian singer Rihanna. It was on her seventh studio album, Unapologetic. It was the first song off of the album. It was Rihanna's twelfth number one single on the Billboard Hot 100 chart.

Several rappers have rapped or made a remix to the song. They include Kanye West, Flo Rida and Eve.

Tracklist

CD single (RCA) (Sony Music)
 "Diamonds" (4:07)
 "Diamonds" (Live) (3:51)

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

Decade-end charts

Formats and track listing

 Digital download
 "Diamonds"  – 3:45
 CD single
 "Diamonds"  – 3:45
 "Diamonds" (The Bimbo Jones Vocal Remix)  – 6:16
 Digital remix single
 "Diamonds" (Remix) [feat. Kanye West]  – 4:48

 Digital US remixes
 "Diamonds" (Dave Audé 100 Edit)  – 3:38
 "Diamonds" (Gregor Salto Radio Edit)  – 3:45
 "Diamonds" (The Bimbo Jones Vocal Remix)  – 6:17
 "Diamonds" (The Bimbo Jones Downtempo)  – 3:14
 "Diamonds" (The Bimbo Jones Vocal Edit)  – 3:14
 "Diamonds" (Congorock Remix Extended)  – 5:54
 "Diamonds" (Congorock Remix)  – 5:08
 "Diamonds" (Jacob Plant Dubstep Remix)  – 3:58

Credits and personnel
Credits adapted from the liner notes of Unapologetic.
Locations
 Recorded at Roc the Mic Studios, New York City, New York; Westlake Recording Studios, Los Angeles, California
 Mixed at Ninja Club Studios, Atlanta, Georgia.

Personnel

 Songwriting – Sia Furler, Benjamin Levin, Mikkel S. Eriksen, Tor Erik Hermansen
 Production – Benny Blanco, StarGate
 Recording – Mikkel S. Eriksen, Miles Walker
 Recording assistant – Andrew "Muffman" Luftman
 Vocal Production – Kuk Harrell
 Vocal Recording – Kuk Harrell, Marcos Tovar
 Assistant Engineering – Blake Mares, Robert Cohen
 Mixing – Phil Tan
 Mixing assistant – Daniela Rivera
 Instrumentation – Benjamin Levin, Mikkel S. Eriksen, Tor Erik Hermansen

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

All-time charts

Certifications

Radio and release history

References

2012 songs
Rihanna songs
2010s ballads
Pop songs
Electronic music
R&B songs
UK garage

UK garage (sometimes shortened to UKG and simply Garage)  is a genre of electronic music originating from England in the early 1990s. It is made up of elements from Garage house, R&B, drum & bass, dance, reggae and hip hop music. It was very popular during the beginning of the 21st Century with teenagers and young adults listening to it. Some of its most popular musicians to perform UK garage are Mis-Teeq, Sweet Female Attitude, So Solid Crew, Shola Ama, Tinie Tempah, DJ Pied Piper, Craig David and Daniel Bedingfield. It is also a genre that blends with grime.

Music genres
British music
Dance music
Sweet Female Attitude

Sweet Female Attitude was a UK garage and R&B girl group, consisting of Leanne Brown and Catherine Cassidy, who are considered a one-hit wonder in the United Kingdom. The group's debut single "Flowers" was an instant hit and reached number two on the UK charts. Their follow up single "8 Days a Week" didn't reach the same success as "Flowers" and missed the top 40 and peaked at 43 on the charts. Their album "In Person" was only released in Germany.

Discography
In Person (2001)

References

R&B bands
Girl groups
English musical groups
People from Manchester
Musical groups established in 1998
1998 establishments in England
2002 disestablishments in the United Kingdom
Musical groups disestablished in 2002
2000s disestablishments in England
Once Upon a Time in Mexico

Once Upon a Time in Mexico (known also as Desperado 2) is a 2003 American action movie. It was directed by Robert Rodriguez and it was produced by Robert Rodriguez, Elizabeth Avellán, and Carlos Gallardo. Once Upon a Time in Mexico was released on September 12, 2003. It is the sequel to El Mariachi and Desperado. It is also the third and final movie in Rodriguez's Mexico Trilogy.

The movie got positive reviews from critics but was criticized for having a plot that was hard to follow. It has a 68% rating on Rotten Tomatoes. Movie critic Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times gave the movie 3 stars out of 4 and said that "Like Leone's movie, the Rodriguez epic is more interested in the moment, in great shots, in surprises and ironic reversals and closeups of sweaty faces, than in a coherent story."

Cast 
 Antonio Banderas as El Mariachi
 Salma Hayek as Carolina
 Johnny Depp as Sheldon Jeffrey Sands
 Rubén Blades as Jorge Ramírez
 Mickey Rourke as Billy Chambers
 Enrique Iglesias as Lorenzo
 Marco Leonardi as Fideo
 Pedro Armendáriz, Jr. as President
 Willem Dafoe as Armando Barillo
 Eva Mendes as Ajedrez Barillo
 Danny Trejo as Cucuy
 Tony Valdes as Chicle Boy
 Gerardo Vigil as General Marquez
 Miguel Couturier as Dr. Guevera
 Cheech Marin as Belini
 Julio Oscar Mechoso as Nicholas

References

Other websites 

Official website

2003 action movies
2003 thriller movies
American action movies
American thriller movies
American musical movies
Columbia Pictures movies
English-language movies
Miramax movies
Movies about revenge
Sequel movies
Spanish-language movies
Mexican movies
Movies directed by Robert Rodriguez
Dorothy Kilgallen

Dorothy Mae Kilgallen (July 3, 1913 – November 8, 1965) was an American journalist and television game show panelist. She started as a reporter for Hearst Corporation's New York Evening Journal. In 1938, she began her newspaper column. It was later syndicated for more than 146 papers. Kilgallen was also a regular panelist on the television game show What's My Line in 1950.

Kilgallen's columns had mostly gossip and news about show business. There was also news about organized crime and politics. 

Kilgallen was born in Chicago, Illinois. She died at age fifty-two in Manhattan, New York from a mix of alcohol and barbiturates.

References

1913 births
1965 deaths
Drug-related deaths in the United States
Journalists from Chicago
Martin Ritt

Martin Ritt (March 2, 1914 – December 8, 1990) was an American movie director and actor. He worked in both movies and theater. He directed many movies including The Long, Hot Summer (1958), Norma Rae (1979) and Stanley & Iris (1990).

Ritt was born in New York City. He died from heart disease in Santa Monica, California.

References

American television actors
American movie actors
American movie directors
Actors from New York City
1914 births
1990 deaths
Odd abundant number

An odd abundant number is an odd number  that its sum-of divisors greater than the twice of itself.

Examples
The first example is 945   (33× 5× 7). Its prime factors are 3, 5, and 7. The next following eleven odd abundant numbers are
1575, 2205, 2835, 3465, 4095, 4725, 5355, 5775, 5985, 6435, 6615. 
Odd abundant numbers below 500000 are in On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences A005231.

Formulas
The following formula

presents 62 abundant numbers, but it fails if

.

The second formula

presents 192 abundant numbers, but fails if

The third formula

 

fails if .

Properties 
 
 A calculation was given by Iannucci shows how to find the smallest abundant number not divisible by the first n primes.
An abundant number with abundance 1 is called a quasiperfect number, although none have yet been found. A quasiperfect number must be an odd square number having a value above 1030.

References

  

Integer sequences
77 (number)

77 is a natural number that comes after 76 and before 78. It is a palindromic number.

Science  
In science, 77 is:
The atomic number of iridium
The boiling point of nitrogen, in kelvins

References
     

                         
integers
Oriental Turtle Dove

The oriental turtle dove or rufous turtle dove (Streptopelia orientalis) is a member of the bird family Columbidae. That family includes doves and pigeons.

References

Birds of Asia
Columbiformes
National symbols of the Maldives
Elliot's pheasant

Elliot's pheasant (Syrmaticus ellioti) is a large pheasant. It is native to southeastern China.

References

Birds of China
Phasianidae
African green pigeon

The African green pigeon (Treron calvus) is a bird native to Sub-Saharan Africa.

Adult birds have maroon shoulder patches. The shoulder patches are olive in immature birds. They reach a length of 25–28 cm.

Range 
Their range includes Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ivory Coast, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Liberia, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, São Tomé and Príncipe, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, South Sudan, Eswatini, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia and Zimbabwe.

References 

Birds of Africa
Columbiformes
Gunnison grouse

The Gunnison sage-grouse (Centrocercus minimus) is a species of grouse. It is endemic to the Great Basin. It looks like the closely related greater sage-grouse but is about a third smaller. It has much thicker plumes behind the head. It also has a less elaborate courtship dance. It lives in the western half of Colorado and eastern Utah. It lives most in the Gunnison Basin region in Colorado.

References

Birds of the United States
Galliformes
Greater sage-grouse

The greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) is the largest grouse in North America. It lives in the western half of the United States and the Alberta and Saskatchewan provinces. They are larger than a pheasant but smaller than a wild turkey.

They belong to the Phasianidae family. The Gunnison sage-grouse (Centrocercus minimus) is the other species in the genus.

Populations 
At one time they numbered in the millions. Because of loss of the loss of sagebrush habitat there are now between 200,000 and 500,000 birds in the western US. They are now being considered for listing under the Endangered Species Act (ESA). In Canada It is estimated their habitat range has been reduced by 90%. They are completely gone from British Columbia. It is estimated the population in Canada was reduced by 88% between 1988 and 2006.

Courtship 
In the spring, during their breeding season, male sage-grouse gather to do their courtship displays. They do this on areas called "leks". As the males dance they make a popping sound. This is done by inflating and deflating their two yellow throat sacs. They display their pointed tail feathers while they strut. As many as a dozen males may dance at the same time. Sometimes two males will fight with their wings. The hens will watch for several days before picking out a mate. They make their nests in the sagebrush. The males do not help with nesting or with raising chicks.

References

Other websites 
 Greater Sage-Grouse, Cornell University
 Greater sage-grouse strut display, YouTube

Birds of North America
Galliformes
Phasianidae
Omar Souleyman

Omar Souleyman (born 1966) is a singer from Syria. 

He began singing professionally in 1994.  He has sung at Syrian weddings. He has made records of his music.  He has made more than 500 live albums.   His success and popularity in Syria led to performances in other countries, starting in 1977.  Those countries  were Canada, Australia, the United States,  and ones in Europe. 

Souleyman is backed by various bands with many different instruments.  "[H]is dizzying use of ululating keyboards, pounding synthesied beats and throaty vocals pays homage to dabke, a `middle Eastern line-dance synonymous with weddings and other celebrations."   According to reviewer Tshepo Mokoena, his songs are all about love and companionship.

Selected discography 
 2015: Bahdeni Nami (Monkeytown)
 2013: Wenu Wenu (Ribbon Music), his first studio recording 
 2011: Haflat Gharbia - The Western Concerts (Sublime Frequencies)
 2011: Leh Jani (2LP,  full-length Syrian tape reissue) (Sham Palace)
 2010: Jazeera Nights (Sublime Frequencies)
 2009: Dabke 2020  (Sublime Frequencies)
 2006: Highway to Hassake (Sublime Frequencies)

References

Other websites 

 
 Ribbon Music Wenu Wenu Artist Page

1966 births
Living people
Syrian people
Singers
Sharon Case

Sharon Case (born February 9, 1971) is an American actress and a former model. At age 17, she began working as a model before getting into acting. She is best known for her roles on daytime soap operas. She played Dawn Winthrop in General Hospital. She also played Debbie Simon in As the World Turns. She played Sharon Newman on The Young and the Restless.

Case was born in Detroit, Michigan.

References

American television actors
American movie actors
Actors from Michigan
1971 births
Living people
Chatsworth, Los Angeles

Chatsworth, Los Angeles is a neighborhood of Los Angeles, California.

Other websites

 Chatsworth Neighborhood Council
 Chatsworth Historical Society 
 California State Parks Dept. - official Santa Susana Pass State Historic Park website
 LAMountains.com - Santa Susana Pass Historic Park hiking website
  official Los Angeles City Parks: Chatsworth Park South website 
 Chatsworth crime map and statistics 

Neighborhoods of Los Angeles
Jingle All The Way

Jingle All the Way is an American Christmas comedy family movie. It is directed by Brian Levant and stars Arnold Schwarzenegger and Sinbad. Other actors are Phil Hartman, Rita Wilson, Jake Lloyd, James Belushi and Robert Conrad.

In the movie two fathers try to find a Turbo-Man action figure on Christmas Eve. Turbo-Man is a fictional toy created for the movie. One of the children describes the toy by saying, "I want the Turbo Man action figure with the arms and legs that move and the boomerang shooter and the rock-and-roar jet pack and the realistic voice activator that says five different phrases including, “It's turbo time!” Accessories sold separately. Batteries not included."

Soundtrack

TVT Records released the film's soundtrack album on Audio CD on November 26, 1996. It features only two of composer David Newman's pieces from Jingle All the Way, but features many of the songs by other artists included in the film, as well as other Christmas songs and new tracks by the Brian Setzer Orchestra. Intrada Music Group released a Special Collection limited edition of Newman's full 23-track score on November 3, 2008.

Track listing

References

1996 movies
Christmas movies
Movies set in Minnesota
Supa Dupa Fly

Supa Dupa Fly is the debut studio album by American rapper Missy "Misdemeanor" Elliott. The album features the singles, "The Rain (Supa Dupa Fly)", "Sock It 2 Me", "Hit Em wit da Hee" and "Beep Me 911". Guest appearances on the album include rappers Busta Rhymes, Lil' Kim, Timbaland and Magoo and R&B singers Ginuwine, Nicole, 702 and Aaliyah.

Track listing

Personnel
Credits for Supa Dupa Fly adapted from Allmusic.
 702 – vocals, performer
 Aaliyah – vocals, performer
 Kwaku Alston – photography
 Gregory Burke – design
 Busta Rhymes – vocals, rap, performer
 Richard Clark – assistant engineer
 Nicole - vocals, performer
 Drew Coleman – assistant engineer
 Da Brat – vocals, performer
 Jimmy Douglas – engineer, audio mixing
 Missy "Misdemeanor" Elliott – vocals, rap, executive producer
 Ginuwine – vocals, performer
 Lil' Kim – performer
 Magoo – rap
 Bill Pettaway – bass, guitar
 Herb Powers – mastering
 Timbaland – vocals, producer, performer, executive producer, mixing

Charts and certifications

Charts

Certifications

Notes

References

Other websites
 Supa Dupa Fly at Discogs
 Article at Spin

1997 albums
Debut albums
Hip hop albums
Hip hop soul albums
R&B albums
Miss E... So Addictive

{{Infobox album 
| name = Miss E… So Addictive 
| type = studio 
| artist = Missy "Misdemeanor" Elliott
| cover = 
| released = April 26, 2001
| recorded = 2000–2001 
| genre = 
| length = 
| label = 
| producer = 
| prev_title = Da Real World(1999) 
… So Addictive(2001) 
| next_title = Under Construction(2002) 
| misc =
  
}}Miss E… So Addictive''' is the third studio album by American rapper, Missy "Misdemeanor" Elliott. The album had the club and R&B/hip-hop hit "One Minute Man". The album has guest appearances from rappers Timbaland, Redman, Busta Rhymes, Eve, Jay-Z, Ludacris and Shawnna and R&B singers Aaliyah, Tweet and Ginuwine. It was the last album of Elliott's that Aaliyah appeared on before Aaliyah's death in August 2001. It was the last album under the name Missy "Misdemeanor" Elliott''.

Track listing

Charts

Weekly charts

Certifications

References

2001 albums
Hip hop albums
Dance albums
R&B albums
Under Construction (Missy Elliott album)

Under Construction is the fourth studio album by American rapper Missy Elliott. One of the songs from the album, "Pussycat", was going to be released as a remix with R&B singer Janet Jackson and rapper Lil' Kim. However, only Elliott's vocals were ever recorded for it.

Track listing

Unreleased
 "Pussycat" (Remix with Janet Jackson and Lil' Kim)

Production
 Executive producers – Missy Elliott, Timbaland
 Producers – Missy Elliott, Timbaland, Craig Brockman, Errol "Poppi" McCalla
 Vocal assistance – Tweet, Lisa Crawford
 Engineers – Jeff Allen, Carlos "El Loco" Bedoya, Josh Butler, Jimmy Douglass, Guru, Mike "Hitman" Wilson
 Assistant engineers – Marc Stephen Lee, Steve Penny, David Snyder, Cory Williams
 Mixing – Jimmy Douglass, Timbaland
 Mixing assistance – Steamy
 Mastering – Herb Powers
 A&R – Yaneley Arty, Merlin Bobb, Jay Brown, Patricia Elliott, Gail Hansen, Andre Johnson, Celeste Moses
 Design & Art Direction – Anita Marisa Boriboon, Lili Picou
 Photography – Roberto Fantauzzi

Charts and certifications

Charts

Certifications

Notes

2002 albums
Hip hop albums
Allery

Allery is a commune in the Somme department in northern France.

Communes in Somme
This Is Not a Test!

{{Infobox album 
| name = This Is Not a Test!
| type = studio
| artist = Missy Elliott
| cover = 
| released = 
| recorded = 2002–2003
| genre = 
| length = 56:05
| label = 
| producer = 
| prev_title = Under Construction(2002)
!(2003)
| next_title = The Cookbook(2005)
| misc =
}}This Is Not a Test!''''' is the fifth studio album by American rapper Missy Elliott.

Track listing

Sample credits 

 "Pass That Dutch":
 'The Rapper' by The Jaggerz (1970)
 'Magic Mountain' by Eric Burdon and War (1970)
 'Don't Let Me Be Misunderstood' by Santa Esmeralda (1977)
 'Potholes in My Lawn' by De La Soul (1989)
 'Scenario' by A Tribe Called Quest feat. Leaders of the New School (1991)
 "Keep It Movin":
 'I Know I've Been Wrong' by Mashmakhan (1970)
 "Is This Our Last Time":
 'The Second Time Around' by Shalamar (1979)
 "I'm Really Hot":
 'Buffalo Gals' by Malcolm McLaren (1982)
 'Release Yourself' by Aleem (1984)
 'Hot Music (Jazz Mix)' by Soho (1989)
 'Doin It' by LL Cool J (1995)
 "Don't Be Cruel":
 'Push It' by Salt-N-Pepa (1986)
 "Let It Bump":
 'I Cram to Understand U' by MC Lyte (1988)
 "Pump It Up":
 'Please, Please, Please' by James Brown and The Famous Flames (1956)
 "Let Me Fix My Weave":
 'Please Understand' by MC Lyte (1989)

Personnel

 June Ambrose – stylist
 Yaneley Arty – A&R
 Carlos "El Loco" Bedoya – engineer
 Beenie Man – vocals, guest appearance
 Ian Blanch – engineer
 Bless – scratching, group member
 Mary J. Blige – vocals, guest appearance
 Merlin Bobb – A&R
 Stacy Boge – photo production
 Anita Marisa Boriboon – art direction, design
 Craig "Boogie" Brockman – keyboards, producer
 Jay Brown – executive producer, A&R
 Suzanne Burge – product manager
 Demacio Castellon – mixing assistant
 Vadim Chislov – mixing assistant
 The Clark Sisters – vocals, guest appearance
 Annette Coleman – hair stylist
 Jimmy Douglass – engineer
 Elephant Man – vocals, guest appearance

 Missy Elliott – vocals, producer, executive producer
 Patricia Elliott – A&R
 Fabolous – vocals, guest appearance
 Roberto Fantauzzi – photo production
 Linda Fields – background vocals
 Andre Johnson – coordination
 Claudine Joseph – product manager
 R. Kelly – vocals, guest appearance
 Michael Kennedy – prop design
 Scott Kieklak – mixing
 Safiya Lewis – coordination
 Nelly – vocals, guest appearance
 Lili Picou – design
 Herb Powers – mastering
 Chris Puram – engineer
 Senator Jimmy D – mixing
 Nisan Stewart – producer
 Timbaland – producer, executive producer

Charts and certifications

Charts

Certifications

Release history

References

2003 albums
Hip hop albums
Funk albums
R&B albums
The Cookbook

The Cookbook is the sixth studio album by American rapper Missy Elliott. As of 2015 it is her newest studio album.

Track listing

Sample credits 
 "Partytime" contains a sample from "Whammer Jammer" by The J. Geils Band
 "Irresistible Delicious" contains a sample from "Lick the Balls" by Slick Rick
 "Lose Control" contains a sample from "Clear" by Cybotron and "Body Work" by Hot Streak
 "My Struggles" contains a sample from "What's the 411?" by Mary J. Blige
 "We Run This" contains a sample from "Apache" by The Sugarhill Gang

Personnel 

 June Ambrose – stylist
 Marcella Araica – assistant engineer
 Chris Brown – assistant engineer
 Jay Brown – A&R
 Greg Gigendad Burke – art direction, design
 Warryn Campbell – producer
 Vadim Chislov – assistant engineer
 Andrew Coleman – engineer
 Wyatt Coleman – engineer
 Shondrae "Mister Bangladesh" Crawford – producer
 Jimmy Douglass – mixing
 Michael Eleopoulos – engineer
 Missy Elliott – producer, executive producer
 Paul J. Falcone – engineer, mixing
 Gloria Elias Foeillet – make-up
 Chris Gehringer – mastering
 Serban Ghenea – mixing
 Hart Gunther – assistant

 Rich Harrison – producer
 Iz – instrumentation
 Eric Jensen – assistant engineer
 Darrale Jones – A&R
 Charlene "Tweet" Keys – background vocals
 Keith Lewis – producer
 Patrick Magee – assistant engineer
 Kimberly Mason – coordination
 The Neptunes – producer
 Saint Nick – producer
 Larry Sims – coordination
 Southwest DeKalb – drums
 Scott Storch – producer
 Timbaland – producer
 Saint Warwick – photography
 Rhemario Webber – producer
 Rayshawn Woolard – assistant engineer

Charts and certifications

Charts

Certifications

Release history

References 

2005 albums
Hip hop albums
Soul albums
R&B albums
Respect M.E.

Respect M.E. (Short for Respect Missy Elliott) is the first greatest hits album by American rapper Missy Elliott. It includes all her hits from all of her albums.

Track listing
"Get Ur Freak On" – 3:57
"Lose Control" (featuring Ciara & Fatman Scoop) – 3:47
"4 My People" (Basement Jaxx Remix) – 3:32
"We Run This" – 3:24
"Work It" – 4:24
"Gossip Folks" (featuring Ludacris) – 3:57
"One Minute Man" (featuring Ludacris) – 4:13
"I'm Really Hot" – 3:31
"Pass That Dutch" – 3:41
"Beep Me 911" (featuring 702) – 4:58
"The Rain (Supa Dupa Fly)" – 4:06
"All n My Grill" (featuring Big Boi and Nicole Wray) – 4:32
"Hit Em wit da Hee" (featuring Lil' Kim) – 4:20
"Hot Boyz" (featuring Lil' Mo) – 3:36
"Sock It 2 Me" (featuring Da Brat) – 4:17
"She's a Bitch" – 4:00
"Teary Eyed" – 3:40

Notes
Tracks 10, 11, 13, and 15 originally appeared on the album Supa Dupa Fly
Tracks 12, 14, and 16 originally appeared on the album Da Real World
Tracks 1, 3, and 7 originally appeared on the album Miss E... So Addictive
Tracks 5 and 6 originally appeared on the album Under Construction
Tracks 8 and 9 originally appeared on the album This Is Not a Test!
Tracks 2, 4, and 17 originally appeared on the album The Cookbook

Charts

Certifications

References

2006 albums
Hip hop albums
Greatest hits albums
Cees van Kooten

Cees van Kooten (; 20 August 1948 – 24 August 2015) was a Dutch former international football striker. After his career he became a football manager, he retired after a heart attack. 

van Kooten died of esophageal cancer at the age of 67.

References

1948 births
2015 deaths
Cancer deaths in the Netherlands
Deaths from esophageal cancer
Dutch footballers
Sportspeople from South Holland
Yosi Piamenta

Yosi Piamenta (November 29, 1951 – August 23, 2015) was an Orthodox Jewish singer-songwriter and guitarist. He was known for introducing the electric guitar to Jewish music. Piamenta played rock and roll tunes with Biblical Hebrew lyrics.

References

1951 births
2015 deaths
Cancer deaths in New York City
Jewish Israeli musicians
People from Jerusalem
Singer-songwriters
Banshee (roller coaster)

Banshee is a B&M Inverted roller coaster located at Kings Island. It replaced Son of Beast, a wooden roller coaster. It is currently the longest inverted roller coaster in the world. 

2014 establishments in the United States
Steel roller coasters
Roller coasters in Ohio
21st-century establishments in Ohio
Seasonal breeder

Seasonal breeders are animal species that mate only during certain times of the year. These times of year are usually best for the survival of the young. Factors include ambient temperature, food and water availability, and even changes in the predation behaviors of other species. The sexual interest and mating behavior goes on only during this period.

Breeding seasons 
Female seasonal breeders will have one or more oestrous cycles only when she is "in season" or fertile At this time she is naturally ready to mate.  At other times of the year they are not sexually interested. Male seasonal breeders may have changes in testosterone levels, testes weight, and fertility depending on the time of year. For example, male greater sage-grouse actually gain weight as their bodies get ready for the spring breeding season. Seasonal breeders are different than opportunistic breeders. These are species which mate whenever conditions allow it. They are also different from continuous breeders like humans that mate year-round.

Communal breeding 
Many species breed in colonies or large communities which is known as communal breeding. It is common to see large groups of these species during their breeding seasons. These breeding colonies and their location are generally protected by wildlife conservation laws. This is to keep the species from going extinct. Some species have evolved to communal breeding in large breeding colonies. They cannot breed in smaller numbers or pairs alone. These species can be threatened by extinction if they are hunted on their breeding grounds or if their breeding colonies are destroyed. The Passenger pigeon is a famous example. They were probably the most numerous land bird on the American continent which had evolved for communal breeding. They became extinct due to large scale hunting in its communal breeding grounds. They were not able to  breed in smaller numbers.

References

Other websites 
 Dog Breeding Cycles and Seasons
 When Birds Mate

Animals
Reproductive system
Companion dog

A companion dog is one whose main job is to keep people company. It is not necessary that companion dogs be trained to perform any specific task. Their main service is to provide companionship. A dog trained to perform a task for a disabled handler is called a service dog.

Suitability 
While most any family pet could be considered a companion, the best companion dogs have certain qualities. First, they must be suited for living indoors. They should be calm and not aggressive around other people or animals. A dog should be compatible with a person's lifestyle and personality. Large dogs may not be suitable for very young children. Older people are increasingly choosing smaller dogs. Therapy dogs and emotional support dogs provide comfort to people with certain conditions. Often they belong to staff members of hospitals or institutions. Some dogs are certified as companion dogs and are selected for certain qualities.

References 

Dogs
Opistognathidae

Opistognathidae, the jawfishes, are a family of fishes classified within the order Perciformes, suborder Percoidei. The family includes about 80 species. 

They are native to warmer parts of the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans, where found from the shallows to depths of a few hundred meters.

Other websites

Perciformes
Justin Wilson

Justin Boyd Wilson (31 July 1978 – 24 August 2015) was a British professional open-wheel driver. Just before his death, he was competing part-time in the IndyCar Series, driving the No. 25 Honda for Andretti Autosport. Earlier, he competed in the Champ Car series from 2004–07, scoring four wins. 

He also competed in Formula One in the 2003 season with Minardi and Jaguar and was the winner of the 2001 International Formula 3000 championship. He was also a winner of the 24 Hours of Daytona. To date, he is the tallest person to have raced in Formula One.

On 23 August 2015, Wilson suffered a traumatic brain injury in an accident at the Pocono Raceway, which caused his death the following day.

References

1978 births
2015 deaths
Accidental deaths in Pennsylvania
British racecar drivers
Deaths in sport
Sportspeople from Sheffield
Middlesex County, New Jersey

Middlesex County is one of 21 counties of New Jersey. Middlesex is part of the New York metropolitan area, and its county seat is New Brunswick.

Higher education
 Middlesex County College (Edison - main campus; New Brunswick, Perth Amboy)
Rutgers University New Brunswick Campus (New Brunswick, Piscataway)
 Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences (New Brunswick)
 Princeton University – Forrestal Campus (Plainsboro)
 DeVry University (North Brunswick)

Municipalities

Municipalities in Middlesex County (with 2010 Census data for population, housing units and area in square miles) are:

References

Other websites

 Middlesex County official website Retrieved July 1, 2008.

1683 establishments in New Jersey
Sayreville, New Jersey

Sayreville, New Jersey is a borough on the Raritan River near Raritan Bay in New Jersey.

Notable people
People who were born in, residents of, or otherwise closely associated with Sayreville include:
 Barry T. Albin (born 1952), Justice of the New Jersey Supreme Court.
 Jon Bon Jovi (born 1962), lead singer of the rock band Bon Jovi.
 Randy Corman (born 1960), Sayreville councilmember who served in the New Jersey Senate.
 Patrick Crosby (born 1985), professional indoor lacrosse player.
 Bob Dustal (born 1935), former pitcher for the Detroit Tigers.
 Greg Evigan (born 1953), actor who appeared in B.J. and the Bear and My Two Dads.
 Marilyn Ghigliotti (born 1961), actress who played the character Veronica Loughran in Kevin Smith's cult hit Clerks.
 Dulé Hill (born 1975), actor who has appeared in The West Wing and Psych.
 Tom Kelly (born 1950), former manager for the Minnesota Twins.
 Bill Loguidice (born 1972), video game collector, producer, and technology book author.
 Kevin Mulvey (born 1985), former pitcher for the Minnesota Twins and Arizona Diamondbacks.
 Eddie Popowski (1913–2001), coach and two-time interim manager of the Boston Red Sox.
 Lea Bayers Rapp (born 1946), writer of non-fiction and children's fiction.
 Rhonda Rompola (born 1960), coach of the Southern Methodist University women's basketball team since 1991.
 Dave Sabo (born 1964), rock guitarist who plays in the heavy metal band Skid Row.
 Mohamed Sanu (born 1989), wide receiver for the Cincinnati Bengals.
 James R. Sayre, Jr., and Peter Fisher, co-founders of Sayre and Fisher Brick Company in the 1850s, for which the town was named in 1876.
 Edward D. Thalmann (1945–2004), leading expert in diving medicine.
 John S. Wisniewski (born 1962), New Jersey General Assemblyman, Deputy Speaker since 2004.
 Victor J. Wolski (born 1962), federal judge.

References

Other websites
 Official Sayreville website
 Sayreville Historical Society website

Boroughs in New Jersey
Middlesex County, New Jersey
1876 establishments in the United States
19th-century establishments in New Jersey
List of municipalities in New Jersey

This is a list of the 565 municipalities in the U.S. state of New Jersey, ordered by population. There are five types of municipality in the state:
 boroughs (250)
 cities (52)
 towns (15)
 townships (245)
 villages (3)

New Jersey covers . That makes the average land size of a municipality in the state about . However, but note in the map at right that the sizes are very different.

Notes

References

2000 U.S. Census

New Jersey
Lesser prairie chicken

The lesser prairie chicken (Tympanuchus pallidicinctus) is a bird in the grouse family. It is similar to the greater prairie chicken but is slightly smaller and paler in color.

About half of this species live in western Kansas. They are also found in Colorado, Oklahoma, New Mexico and Texas.

References

Other websites 

BirdLife Species Factsheet 
Lesser Prairie-Chicken videos on the Internet Bird Collection

Birds of the United States
Blanding's turtle

Blanding's turtle  (Emys blandingii or Emydoidea blandingii) is a North American turtle; it mainly lives near and south of the Great Lakes.

Description 
The Blanding's turtle is characterized by its dark dome shaped upper shell, also known as the carapace, and its distinct bright yellow neck. The dark shell of the turtle is often scattered with yellow specks. The Blanding’s turtle is commonly referred to as a semi-box turtle due to its bottom shell, known as the plastron, which is hinged across the front third. The hinge going across the shell allows the turtle to pull the front of the plastron strongly against the top half of the shell helping it to hide when threatened.

Habitat 
The Blanding’s turtle lives in wetland areas with shallow waters-such as rivers and streams- that are near sandy uplands. These wetland areas support the turtles with their rich, aquatic vegetation. 

Blanding’s turtles are known to live in the Upper Midwest, New England, and Southeastern Canada regions.

Life cycle 
Blanding’s turtles tend to spend the winter months in the muddy areas of deep marshes, backwater pools, ponds and streams. But in early spring they come out and move to temporary wetlands that allow for mating and breeding habitats. Mating will typically occur around early evening, but can go on until late night. They become sexually mature around the age of 12 years. When breeding, they breed only once a year and they typically have an egg clutch of about 10-26 eggs.

Eggs are laid far from water in preferably sandy areas. The hatchlings leave the nest starting around mid-August to early October. Blanding’s turtles have a life expectancy of over 70 years.

References 
 

Animals of North America
Turtles
Bog turtle

The bog turtle (Glyptemys muhlenbergii) is a turtle found only in the eastern United States (northeast and Appalachian Mountains). It is the smallest North American turtle. It measures about  long when fully grown. Bog turtles are threatened from loss of habitat and collection as pets.

Appearance 
It looks similar to the painted or spotted turtles. But it is more closely related to the larger wood turtle. The bog turtle is identified by the yellow or orange spot on each side of its head and neck.

Habitat 
The bog turtle lives in bogs and other wetlands. They are a rare and endangered species. It mostly eats insects and their larva. It is unknown how long they live in the wild. In captivity they live up to 30 years.

References 

Reptiles of North America
Turtles
Endangered species
Spotted turtle

The spotted turtle (Clemmys guttata) is a turtle found in eastern North America. They are found in the eastern Great Lakes and east of the Appalachian Mountains. They are aquatic omnivores that live in shallow fresh water. These are places such as flooded forests, marshes, wet meadows, bogs and woodland streams.

References 

Reptiles of North America
Turtles
Pygmy rabbit

The pygmy rabbit (Brachylagus idahoensis) is a North American rabbit. It is found in the desert areas of the Great Basin and Montana.

The pygmy rabbit is the world's smallest leporid. An average adult weights about . It has a body length of . The female rabbit is slightly larger than the male.

The pygmy rabbit is different from other leporids by its small size, short ears, gray color and small hind legs. It also does not have any white fur on its tail.

Weasels are the main predators of pygmy rabbits. Coyotes, red foxes, badgers, bobcats, owls and hawks also hunt pygmy rabbits.

Endangered species 
One isolated population, the Columbia Basin pygmy rabbit,  is listed as an endangered species by the U.S. Federal government.  The International Union for Conservation of Nature lists the species as lower risk. This species only lives naturally in the Columbia Basin of Washington State.

The last male purebred Columbia Basin pygmy rabbit died March 30, 2006, at the Oregon Zoo in Portland. The last purebred female died in 2008. A program by the Oregon Zoo, Washington State University and Northwest Trek is trying to preserve the genes by breeding surviving females with the Idaho pygmy rabbit.

References

Other websites 
Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Pygmy Rabbit 
Western Watersheds Project

Mammals of North America
Lagomorphs
San'yō region

The San'yō Region is an area in the south of Honshū, the main island of Japan.

References

Geography of Japan
Stimulus (psychology)

A stimulus in psychology is an energy change (such as light or sound) which is received by the senses. The usage changes somewhat according to which school of psychology is using it:

In classical conditioning and behaviorism, a stimulus is the basis for behavior. 
In perceptual psychology it is the basis for perception.  In this context, a distinction is made between the distal stimulus (the external, perceived object) and the proximal stimulus (the stimulation of sensory organs).
In experimental psychology, the term 'stimulus' is used to describe the event or object to which a response is measured. In this case, not everything that is presented to participants is a stimulus. For example, a fixation cross is not said to be a stimulus, because it merely serves to center subject's gaze at the center of the screen. Also, longer events are usually not called 'stimuli', even when a response to such an event is measured.

A stimulus or stimuli might be used to see if a person is in a coma and what type of coma.

References 

Psychology
Da Real World

Da Real World is the second studio album by American rapper Missy "Misdemeanor" Elliott. The album features a much more "darker" and hardcore hip hop sound compared to her hip hop soul sounding 1997 debut album Supa Dupa Fly. Da Real World also features guest appearances by Timbaland, Eminem, Da Brat, Aaliyah, Big Boi and Redman.

Reviews

The album met generablly favorable reviews.

AllMusic gave the album 4 out of 5 stars and wrote "... it's clearly a Missy Elliott album in most respects, with Timbaland's previously trademarked, futuristic-breakbeat production smarts laced throughout." AllMusic also said that 'Busa Rhyme' was the best track of album.

Touré, of Rolling Stone, gave the album 3 out of 5 stars.

Charts

Certifications

Track listing 
All songs produced by Timbaland.

Release history

References

1999 albums
Hip hop albums
R&B albums
Riccardo III

Riccardo III is an Italian opera in four acts, music by Luigi Canepa and libretto by Fulvio Fulgonio, after William Shakespeare's play Richard III. It was first performed in Milan, on November 10, 1879.

Principal characters

 Riccardo III - bass
 Rismondo - tenor
 Scroop - baritone
 Rutlando - comprimary tenor
 Elisabetta, queen - soprano or mezzo-soprano
 Elisabetta, daughter - soprano

Discography

 1962: Nicola Rossi-Lemeni (Riccardo III), Franco Bonisolli (Rismondo), Walter Alberti (Scroop), Tommaso Frascati (Rutlando), Lucilla Udovich (Regina), Antonietta Pastori (Elisabetta); Corale “Luigi Canepa” Sassari, Orchestra dell’Ente Concerti “Marialisa de Carolis”, Nino Bonavolontà - (Opera d'Oro, later Decca)

Sources

 The Complete Dictionary of Opera & Operetta, James Anderson, Wings Books, 1993. 

operas
Christina Milian (album)

Christina Milian is the self-titled debut studio album by American singer Christina Milian. It was released by Def Jam on October 9, 2001. The album features the hit singles "AM to PM" and "When You Look at Me".

Track listing

Personnel 

 Executive producers – Christina Milian, Jeff Fenster, Carmen Milian
 Vocal assistance – Montell Jordan, Jeanette Olsson, Christina Milian
 Vocal arrangements – Christina Milian, Bloodshy, Avant, Focus, Montell Jordan
 Engineers – Joe Chiccarelli, Brian Frye, Al Hemberger, Glenn Matullo, Carlisle Young
 Assistant engineers – Tom Bender, Stephanie Vonarx
 Conductors – Janson & Janson
 Mixing – Mick Guzauski, Tony Maserati, Peter Mokran, Brian Springer, Phil Tan
 A&R – Hector "Rick Boogie" Aviles, Simon Collins, Jeff Fenster
 Design – Shanna Busman
 Art direction – Shanna Busman
 Photography – Tony Duran

 Bass – LaMarquis Mark Jefferson, Thomas Lindberg
 Cello – Asa Forsberg
 Guitar – Henrik Jonback 
 Viola – Hans Akeson, Elisabeth Arnberg Ranmo, Monika Stanikowska
 Violin – Dag Alin, Torbjorn Bernhardsson, Hanna Gähran, Per Hammarstrom, Annette Mannheimer, Svein H. Martinsen, Martin Stensson

Charts

References 

2001 albums
2002 albums
Debut albums
Christina Milian albums
Pop albums
Dance albums
R&B albums
It's About Time (Christina Milian album)

It's About Time is the second studio album by American singer Christina Milian. It has more of an R&B feel to it than her 2001 debut album Christina Milian.

Track listing
Credits adapted from the liner notes of It's About Time.

Charts

References

2004 albums
Christina Milian albums
Pop albums
Hip hop albums
R&B albums