cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
TBS (American TV channel)

TBS (Turner Broadcasting System) is an American cable TV network that shows sports and variety programming. TBS is well known for its broadcasts of the Atlanta Braves Major League Baseball team and various National Basketball Association games. TBS also shows reruns of popular network television shows from the past.

Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer/United Artists library
During the 1980s, WTBS focused heavily on movies – running two films during the day, and a movie-exclusive schedule during the nighttime hours after 8:00 p.m., with the exception of sports events. At other times, WTBS continued to run mostly classic sitcoms, and vintage cartoons. In 1986, when Ted Turner purchased Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer/United Artists (which he would sell back to previous owner Kirk Kerkorian that October due to debt incurred by the Turner Broadcasting System from its purchase of the film studio), WTBS gained the rights to the entire MGM film library (including certain acquisitions by MGM). This gave WTBS the rights to air many theatrical cartoon shorts such as Tom & Jerry, Barney Bear, Tex Avery, and The Pink Panther, as well as shows like Gilligan's Island and CHiPs.

Along with Tom & Jerry, WTBS began to run The Little Rascals, Looney Tunes/Merrie Melodies cartoons released prior to August 1948, theatrical Popeye cartoon shorts, and Three Stooges shorts under the banner Tom & Jerry and Friends running for either one hour or 90 minutes during the morning hours and for an hour in the afternoon from 1986 until the mid-1990s. In the late 1980s, WTBS decreased the number of movies broadcast during the day slightly and began to add sitcoms from the 1970s (such as Happy Days, The Jeffersons, Good Times and One Day at a Time) to the evening lineup; Little House on the Prairie aired during the late mornings continuously from 1986 to 2003.

References

Other websites 
Official Site of TBS
Official Site of Turner Broadcasting
Clips of 17 Update Early in the Morning maintained by former anchor Bill Tush 
http://www.thefutoncritic.com/news.aspx?date=12/11/08&id=20081211turner01

American television networks
Time Warner
Companies based in Atlanta, Georgia
1976 establishments in the United States
20th-century establishments in Georgia (U.S. state)

bg:Turner Broadcasting System
Good Luck Charlie

Good Luck Charlie is an American sitcom. It was created by Phil Baker and Drew Vaupen. They wanted to create a program that would appeal to entire families, not just children. Production began in August 2009. The show premiered on Disney Channel in the United States on April 4, 2010. It premiered in Canada on April 5, 2010. It premiered in the United Kingdom and Ireland on May 14, 2010. It premiered in Colorado america on July 23, 2010. In March 2011, a feature-length Christmas Disney Channel Original Movie based on the series, entitled Good Luck Charlie, It's Christmas!, began production for a December 2011 premiere. In June 2013, Disney Channel announced that the series would end its run after four seasons. The finale aired on February 16, 2014, with a one-hour episode.

Plot
The show is about the Duncan family, which is made up of Teddy, PJ, Gabe, Bob, Amy and Charlie Duncan. In each episode, Teddy records a video diary about her everyday life; it also gives advice to Charlie for when she grows up. At the end of the diary Teddy states the show's name (Good Luck Charlie) after a problem or situation happens or is solved. However, the original idea of "Good Luck Charlie" was "Love Teddy".

Cast
 Bridgit Mendler as Teddy Duncan
 Jason Dolley as PJ Duncan
 Bradley Steven Perry as Gabe Duncan 
 Eric Allan Kramer as Bob Duncan
 Leigh Allyn Baker as Amy Duncan
 Mia Talerico as Charlie Duncan

International adaptation
An Indian adaptation of the show titled Best of Luck Nikki, premiered on Disney Channel India on April 3, 2011. Sheena Bajaj plays Dolly Singh, a character similar to that of Teddy Duncan, Ananya Kolvankar portrays Nikita "Nikki" Singh, a character similar to that of Charlie and Gurdeep Kohli portrays Himani Singh, a character similar to that of Amy. The series ran successfully for 4 seasons, 104 episodes and 3 special episodes and ended on April 16, 2016.

A Pakistani adaptation of the show titled Peek-A-Boo Shahwaiz premiered on Play Entertainment from 15 July 2018.

Awards

References

Other websites
 
 
 
 Good Luck Charlie wiki

2010s American television series
2011 American television series debuts
2014 American television series endings
American sitcoms
Disney Channel shows
Television series by Disney
English-language television programs
Shake It Up (TV series)

Shake It Up! is a Disney Channel original series starring Bella Thorne, Zendaya Coleman, and Roshon Fegan. The show is in a show-within-a-show format. It premiered on November 7, 2010. In 2011, Disney Channel confirmed that a movie based on the show is currently being produced.

Plot
Two best friends (CeCe Jones and Rocky Blue) land a job as background dancers in a show, "Shake It Up! Chicago" thanks to their friend Deuce. The show follows their adventures in the show and features problems and issues such as; their new social status, rivals on the show, and even the ultimate test: the strength of their friendship.

Cast 
 Bella Thorne as CeCe Jones
 Zendaya as Rocky Blue
 Davis Cleveland as Flynn Jones
 Roshon Fegan as Ty Blue
 Adam Irigoyen as Deuce Martinez
 Kenton Duty as Gunther Hessenheffer (seasons 1-2)
 Caroline Sunshine as Tinka Hessenheffer  (seasons 2-3, season 1 recurring)

Recurring
 R. Brandon Johnson as Gary Wilde
 Anita Barone as Georgia Jones
 Carla Renata as Marcie Blue
 Buddy Handleson as Henry
 Ainsley Bailey as Dina Garcia

Episodes

Season 1 (2010/11)
 Davis Cleveland was absent for two episodes.
 Adam Irigoyen was absent for three episodes.
 Roshon Fegan was absent for four episodes.
 Kenton Duty was absent for nine episodes.

Season 2 (2011/12)
 This is Kenton Duty's last season of the show
 Caroline Sunshine joins the main cast.
 Davis Cleveland was absent for four episodes.
 Adam Irigoyen and Roshon Fegan was absent for eight episodes.
 Kenton Duty and Caroline Sunshine was absent for fourteen episodes.

Season 3 (2012/13)
 Gunther Hessenheffer (Kenton Duty) is no longer part of the main cast. This was the final season of the show.
 Adam Irigoyen was absent for five episodes.
 Roshon Fegan was absent for five episodes.
 Caroline Sunshine was absent for ten episodes.

Awards and nominations

Indian adaptation

In 2013, an Indian adaptation of the show with the same name was made. It premiered on Disney Channel India on March 30, 2013. However, it is centered on two teenage boys as opposed to two teenage girls. Like most Indian adaptations, the episodes are similar to the original. The series ran for one season only.

References

Other websites 
 
 
 

American sitcoms
2010s American television series
2010 American television series debuts
2013 American television series endings
Disney Channel shows
Television series by Disney
English-language television programs
Indian Camp

"Indian Camp" is a short story written by Ernest Hemingway.

Plot
Nick Adams goes with his father, a doctor, to an Indian camp. A pregnant woman is having difficulty giving birth. The baby is found to be backwards in the womb, and Dr. Adams is forced to perform a Caesarean operation. After the procedure is successful, Nick's father looks on the top bunk of the bed to see if the woman's husband was okay.  The man had committed suicide with a razor during the labor. 

This is the first Nick Adams story and shows the characterization of the father/son relationship between Nick and Dr. Adams.

Further reading 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

1924
20th-century American short stories
Help Wanted (SpongeBob SquarePants)

"Help Wanted" is the pilot episode of SpongeBob SquarePants. It is the first episode of the first season. It first aired on May 1, 1999.

Plot 
SpongeBob gets ready to apply for a job at the Krusty Krab. He is encouraged by his best friend, a starfish named Patrick. When he arrives, he asks a crab named Mr. Krabs to start work. SpongeBob's neighbor, an octopus named Squidward, does not want SpongeBob to get a job. Mr. Krabs agrees to hire him if he gets a special spatula. As SpongeBob looks for it, a lot of anchovies appear at the Krusty Krab. SpongeBob returns with his spatula and cooks hamburgers for them. He is then hired by Mr. Krabs.

References

Other websites 
 

SpongeBob SquarePants episodes
1999 television episodes
Christmas Who?

"Christmas Who?" (also known as "The SpongeBob Christmas Special") is the 28 episode of the second season of SpongeBob SquarePants. The special received positive feedback. A reviewer on Reviewstream.com calls it "a great story of the holiday spirit". The special currently ranks a high 9.1 out of 10 on TV.com.

Plot
SpongeBob is sneaking up to Sandy's tree dome to perform his new karate move, and sees Sandy lighting up her tree to look like a Christmas tree. SpongeBob, mistaking the lights for fire, freaks out and runs in and splashes water on Sandy. Sandy realizes that SpongeBob never seen a Christmas tree before, and does not know what the holiday is. While learning of the holiday and its activities, SpongeBob begins to spread the joy throughout the city of Bikini Bottom. He tells everyone that Santa Claus will give you presents if you write him letters.

While everyone decorates and writes letters to Santa, Squidward refuses to believe in Santa and all the Christmas cheer. On Christmas Eve, everyone waits outside singing for Santa, while Squidward goes to sleep. The next morning, it turns out Santa never came, and soon, everyone becomes angry with SpongeBob. After everyone has left, SpongeBob becomes heartbroken. His pain is only made worse when Squidward comes out and makes fun of him. SpongeBob gives Squidward a present that he would have given him so he would not feel left out if Santa came. Squidward unwraps the present to find a carved wooden clarinet, hand-made by SpongeBob. He becomes very happy, and becomes regretful of his actions. 

When SpongeBob begins taking the lights off of his home, Squidward soon appears dressed as Santa Claus. Santa informs SpongeBob that he brought the holiday to Bikini Bottom by just spreading the word, which makes SpongeBob faint. Squidward gives all the fish his belongings to make SpongeBob and the people happy.

When it's all over, Squidward has nothing left and takes off the suit. SpongeBob then tells him everything he missed. That's when Squidward finds a note at his doorstep from Santa. Squidward then looks up to see the real Santa in his sleigh flying out of Bikini Bottom, laughing with joy.

References

Other websites 
 

SpongeBob SquarePants episodes
2000 in American television
2000 television episodes
Christmas television episodes
Graveyard Shift

"Graveyard Shift" is the 36th episode of the second season of SpongeBob SquarePants. Reviewstream had given a positive feedback, stating that it is a "funny episode," although stating that "it might frighten younger viewers." A DVD Verdict critic also stated the episode to be one of his favorites, stating that it had a "funny dialogue." DVD Talk also gave a positive score.

Plot 
The Krusty Krab closes, and Squidward is excited, but Mr. Krabs realises that more profit would be gained if it was open 24 hours a day, so he does that. SpongeBob is really excited, while Squidward is extremely annoyed. Squidward scares SpongeBob with tales of the hash-slinging slasher. According to Squidward, he was a frycook at the Krusty Krab many years ago. When he was making Krabby Patties, he accidentally cut off his own hand, and later replaced it with a rusty spatula. He was run over by a bus, and fired at his funeral. Every Tuesday night, his ghost comes to the place and haunts it.

There are three signs of his arrival, which are:
1 - The lights will flicker on and off.
2 - The phone will ring, and there will be nobody there.
3 - He will arrive in the ghost of the bus which ran him over, and he crosses the road without looking both ways, because he's already dead.
Later that night, everything that Squidward says actually happens. He and SpongeBob are really scared, until they find out that the so-called hash-slinging slasher is actually a person who wants a job application, and hung up on the phone because he was nervous.

References 

SpongeBob SquarePants episodes
2002 in American television
2002 television episodes
Sailor Mouth

"Sailor Mouth" is the 38th episode of the second season of SpongeBob SquarePants. The episode was watched by 8.7 million viewers. Erik Wiese, a member of the SpongeBob SquarePants crew, stated that "Sailor Mouth" was one of his favorite episodes because of its random and satirical nature, saying "Sometimes SpongeBob just catches me off-guard."

Plot 
SpongeBob and Patrick discover a swear word written on the Krusty Krab dumpster. Although SpongeBob is unsure of its meaning, Patrick tells him that it is a 'sentence enhancer' that will make them sound "fancy". The two repeat the word while being in the Krusty Krab. They also repeat the word over the loudspeaker. However, the two regret saying it after Mr. Krabs had spoken to them about the word being highly inappropriate. They are told that the curse word is number eleven in a list of thirteen bad words total. Later, SpongeBob loses a game to Patrick and says the word again. SpongeBob and Patrick race to the Krusty Krab to tell Mr. Krabs. Mr. Krabs is mad, and punishes them by having to paint the Krusty Krab building. When Mr. Krabs trips on a rock he screams all 13 bad words. 

SpongeBob and Patrick, followed by Mr. Krabs, rush to Mama Krabs' house to tell on Mr. Krabs. All three begin tattling on one another to Mama Krabs. Mama Krabs, overwhelmed by the bad words, faints and then falls to the ground. After regaining consciousness, Mama Krabs  then puts all three to work painting her house. While watching them paint, Mama Krabs hurts herself and begins yelling out in pain. The three look at Mama Krabs in shock, thinking that she is using one of the swear words. However, they all begin to laugh when they discover that a neighbor was honking the horn of his old jalopy, which happened to always occur exactly with her outburst.

References 

SpongeBob SquarePants episodes
2001 in American television
2001 television episodes
Television episodes about profanity
Amor Prohibido (disambiguation)

Amor Prohibido () may be for:

Music 
Amor Prohibido (album), an album by Daniela Romo
Amor Prohibido, an album by Selena
"Amor Prohibido" (song), a song by Selena
Amor Prohibido Tour, a 1994 tour by Selena

Movies 
Amor prohibido (movie), a movie by Luis César Amadori
Trinomial nomenclature

In biology, trinomial nomenclature is used to name living things at a rank lower than species. The term trinomial nomenclature means "three-part name" or "system of three-part names".  

If living things r than species get a scientific name, each name has three parts.  The first part indicates the genus, the second part indicates the species, and the third part is particular to the living thing (at whatever rank it has been assigned).

Related pages
 Biological classification
 Binomial nomenclature

Taxonomy
Dreaming of You (disambiguation)

Dreaming of You may be for:

Music 
 Dreaming of You (album), an album by Selena
 Dreaming of You (song), a single from the album
 Dreamin' of You (Celine Dion song), a song by Celine Dion
 "Dreaming of You", a song by Sloan
 Dreaming of You (The Coral song), a song by The Coral
 Dreamin' of you (Bob Dylan song), a song by Bob Dylan
Como La Flor (disambiguation)

Como La Flor may be for:

Music 
 Como La Flor (song), a song by Selena
 Como La Flor (album), a greatest hits album by Selena

Other 
 Como La Flor (perfume), a perfume by Selena
Siberian crane

The Siberian crane (Grus leucogeranus) or Siberian white crane or snow crane, is a critically endangered crane.  They occur in three groups: the eastern group, which migrates from eastern Siberia to China, the central group, which migrates from western Siberia to India, and the western group, which migrate from western Russia to Iran

Description 
Adult Siberian cranes are 140 cm (5 ft) tall and weight 6 kg (13 lbs).  Their plumage is pure white, except for some wing feathers, which are black.  The front of the face does not have any feathers and is reddish in color.

Populations 
Adult Siberian cranes are 140 cm (5 ft) tall and weight 6 kg (13 lbs). Their plumage is pure white, except for some wing feathers, which are black. The front of the face does not have any feathers and is reddish in color.The Siberian crane is a migratory species with three major populations, or groups.

The eastern group is estimated to contain around 3000-4000 cranes, over 95% of the total population.   In 2008, 3,750 individuals were counted at Poyang Lake in China, one of the breeding sites.   This group of cranes breeds in the Yakutia region of northeastern Siberia and spends the winter in the Yangtze River valley.  However, cranes sometimes are found in areas like Mongolia, Japan, and Korea, although they do not breed there.

The central group is believed to breed in western Siberia, especially along the Ob River.  These cranes spend the winter in India.  Although no one has actually tracked a crane on its migration route, researchers believe the cranes in Siberia fly over Kazakhstan and Afghanistan to reach India's Keoladeo National Park.  They believe this because cranes were seen in Kazakhstan and may have even nested there, and several cranes are known to stop in Afghanistan's lakes during their migration.  However, cranes of the central group were last seen in 2002, and there were only four cranes.  Therefore, many believe this group is now extinct.

References 

Critically endangered species
Cranes
The Climb (song)

The Climb is a song performed by Miley Cyrus. It was released in 2009 as part of Hannah Montana: The Movie. The song received strong musical ranks on the charts worldwide.

2009 songs
Miley Cyrus songs
Nyarlathotep

Nyarlathotep is the god of nightmares and chaos in the Cthulhu Mythos, a fictional universe. It has many forms.

It is one of the oldest beings within the Mythos, along with Yog-Sothoth and Shub-Niggurath.

Unlike most other Mythos beings, Nyarlathotep enjoys interacting with humans (and other helpless critters) and then driving them mad. It is also credited with giving humans the atomic bomb, with hopes that humanity kills itself off.

Related pages
H. P. Lovecraft

Characters in written fiction
Suiko Seamount

is an underwater volcano (seamount) of the Hawaiian–Emperor seamount chain in the Pacific Ocean. Suiko is an extinct volcano. 

The seamount is also known as the "Suiko Guyot" because it has a flat top.  This undersea geologic feature is also called a "guyot" or "tablemount".

This seabed mountain is named after Empress Suiko of Japan.

The last eruption from Suiko seamount was 60 million years ago.

Related pages
 Submarine volcano
 Active volcano
 Dormant volcano

References

Other websites
 Seamount Biogeosciences Network,  database

Seamounts
Pacific Ocean
Volcanoes of Oceania
DeVry University

DeVry University is a private university with campuses in the United States. Its main programs of study are business administration, computer engineering, electrical engineering, network communication management, and other technology related studies.

The university operates on a trimester course schedule and, if taken full-time, a person can graduate with a bachelor's degree in three years or less.

Other websites 
 
 Devry University Unofficial Blog 
 Keller Graduate School of Management
 

1930s establishments in Illinois
1931 establishments in the United States
Colleges and universities in Illinois
Nintoku Seamount

is an underwater volcano (seamount) of the Hawaiian–Emperor seamount chain in the Pacific Ocean.  Nintoku is an extinct volcano.

The seamount is also known as the "Nintoku Guyot" because it has a flat top.  This undersea geologic feature is also called a "guyot" or "tablemount".

This seabed mountain is named after Emperor Nintoku of Japan.

The last eruption from Nintoku seamount was 65 million years ago.

Related pages
 Submarine volcano
 Active volcano
 Dormant volcano

References

Other websites
 Seamount Biogeosciences Network,  database

Seamounts
Pacific Ocean
Volcanoes of Oceania
Light machine gun

A light machine gun, or LMG, is a type of machine gun that is designed to be used by only one soldier. Light machine guns are often used as squad automatic weapons.

About LMGs
The caliber of cartridge that modern light machine guns fire are usually less than medium machine guns. They are also usually lighter. However, a light machine gun can be noticed by the role it plays in a battle. Some machine guns, such as general-purpose machine guns, can be used as either a light machine gun or a medium machine gun. If it uses a bipod and fires in short bursts, it is a light machine gun. If it is used on a tripod and fires automatically for a long time, it is a medium machine gun.

It is possible to fire a light machine gun from the hip, or on the move. This pins down the enemy. Marching fire relies on this. Otherwise, light machine guns are usually fired while lying down and using a bipod.

Ammunition
Many light machine guns (such as the Bren gun or the M1918 Browning Automatic Rifle) got their ammunition from a magazine. Others, such as the MG 34, could get their ammunition from either a belt or a magazine. Modern light machine guns are designed to fire more bullets that have a smaller caliber. Because of this, they are usually belt-fed.

History
Light machine guns were first brought into service in World War I to make the infantry more powerful.  By the end of World War II, one light machine gun was given to a section or squad.

Examples 
Two examples of light machine guns are:
Bren
FN Minimi

Related pages 
 Heavy machine gun
 Squad automatic weapon
 General-purpose machine gun
 Assault rifle

References
Meiji Seamount

is an underwater volcano (seamount) of the Hawaiian–Emperor seamount chain in the Pacific Ocean.  Meiji is an extinct volcano. 

The seamount is also known as "Meiji Guyot" because it has a flat top. This undersea geologic feature is also called a "guyot" or "tablemount".

This seabed mountain is named after Emperor Meiji of Japan.

The last eruption from Meiji seamount was 62 million years ago.

Related pages
 Submarine volcano
 Active volcano
 Dormant volcano

References

Other websites
 Seamount Biogeosciences Network,  database

Seamounts
Pacific Ocean
Volcanoes of Oceania
E. E. Cummings

Edward Estlin Cummings (October 14, 1894 – September 3, 1962) or best known as E. E. Cummings was an American poet. He is also known for his works as a painter, essayist, author, and playwright. He had created about 2,900 poems, two autobiographical novels, four plays and several essays. E. E. Cummings had done a lot of drawings as well as paintings. He is best known as the preeminent voice of 20th century poetry.

References
 Bloom, Harold, Twentieth-century American literature, New York : Chelsea House Publishers, 1985-1988. .
 
 Friedman, Norman (editor), E. E. Cummings: A Collection of Critical Essays. 
 Friedman, Norman, E. E. Cummings: The Art of his Poetry.
 James, George, E. E. Cummings: A Bibliography.
 
 McBride, Katharine, A Concordance to the Complete Poems of E.E.Cummings.
 Mott, Christopher. "The Cummings Line on Race ." Spring: The Journal of the E. E. Cummings Society, vol. 4, pp. 71–75, Fall 1995.
 Norman, Charles, E. E. Cummings: The Magic-Maker, Boston, Little Brown, 1972.
 Sawyer-Lauçanno, Christopher, E. E. Cummings: A Biography, Sourcebooks, Inc. (2004) .

Other websites 

 
 E. E. Cummings, Lifelong Unitarian  Biography of Cummings and his relationship with Unitarianism
 Papers of E. E. Cummings at the Houghton Library at Harvard University
 E. E. Cummings Collection at the Harry Ransom Center at the University of Texas at Austin
 Poems by E. E. Cummings at PoetryFoundation.org
 The paintings of E. E. Cummings
 Jonathan Yardley, E. E. Cummings: A Biography, Sunday, October 17, 2004, Page BW02, The Washington Post Book Review
 Christopher Sawyer-Lauçanno, E. E. Cummings: A Biography, Sourcebooks, Inc., 2004, 606 pages, 
 SPRING:The Journal of the E. E. Cummings Society 
 Modern American Poetry
 American Poems, 153 poems listed with user comments

1894 births
1962 deaths
American poets
American Christians
Harvard University alumni
Writers from Massachusetts
Yūryaku Seamount

is an underwater volcano (seamount) of the Hawaiian–Emperor seamount chain in the Pacific Ocean.  Yūryaku is an extinct volcano.   

The seamount is also known as the "Yūryaku Guyot" because it has a flat top.  This undersea geologic feature is also called a "guyot" or "tablemount". 

This seabed mountain is named after Emperor Yūryaku of Japan.

The last eruption from Yūryaku seamount was 43 million years ago.

Related pages
 Submarine volcano
 Active volcano
 Dormant volcano

References

Other websites
 Seamount Biogeosciences Network,  database

Seamounts
Pacific Ocean
Volcanoes of Oceania
Kimmei Seamount

is an underwater volcano (seamount) of the  Hawaiian–Emperor seamount chain in the Pacific Ocean.  Kimmei is an extinct volcano.

This seabed mountain is named after Emperor Kimmei of Japan.

The last eruption from Kimmei seamount was 40 million years ago. Kimmei was formed at least 47.9 million years ago.

Related pages
 Submarine volcano
 Active volcano
 Dormant volcano

References

Other websites
 Seamount Biogeosciences Network,  database

Seamounts
Pacific Ocean
Volcanoes of Oceania
Minister Mentor

Minister Mentor (, ) is a Singapore cabinet position created in 2004 as part of a change in Singapore's political leadership. The reason the government gave for creating this job is that Lee Kuan Yew can still help and advise the government.

The newly appointed Prime Minister, Lee Hsien Loong (son of Lee Kuan Yew and the next prime minister after Goh Chok Tong), announced Lee Kuan Yew's new  together with the naming of his Cabinet on August 12, 2004.  Before being appointed as Minister Mentor, Lee Kuan Yew held the post of Senior Minister (1990–2004) in the Cabinet of then Prime Minister Goh Chok Tong. This role of Minister Mentor was considered by some academics to be a sign that Lee Kuan Yew, despite no longer being the Prime Minister of Singapore, still had some power in Singapore's government.

On 14th May 2011, Lee and Senior Minister Goh Chok Tong announced their retirement from the cabinet after General Elections 2011, which had changed Singapore's politics.

The late founding Prime Minister, Mr Lee Kuan Yew was the first and only Minister Mentor of Singapore.

References

Other websites 
Cabinet of the Republic of Singapore

Members of the Cabinet of Singapore
Political office-holders in Singapore
Double helix

In geometry, a double helix (plural double helices) is two helices with the same axis, but they differ by a translation along the axis. The term is most often used in reference to the nucleic acid double helix, the main structure of nucleic like DNA and RNA.

Geometry
Molecular biology
Cuatro Torres Business Area

Cuatro Torres Business Area is a place in Madrid. "Cuatro Torres" is Spanish. It means "Four Towers" in English. Four skyscrapers were built here between 2006 and 2009. Each building is about 250 m tall. They are the tallest buildings in Spain.

Skyscrapers
 Torre Caja Madrid
 Torre de Cristal
 Torre Sacyr Vallehermoso
 Torre Espacio

Madrid
2000s establishments in Spain
Trillion

A trillion (also written as 1012) is an integer. One trillion dollars is equivalent to a thousand billion, or million dollars multiplied by millions.  A trillion is  a 1 with 12 zeros after it, represented as 1,000,000,000,000 or 10¹².

In the American system, 1 trillion equals a thousand thousand millions, or 10 to the 12th, whereas In the British system, 1 trillion equals a million million millions, or 10 to the 18th.

Integers
Frank Abagnale

Frank William Abagnale, Jr. (born April 27, 1948 in Bronxville, New York City, United States) is an American security consultant. He used to be a check forger, impostor, and escape artist. He had a bad reputation in the 1960s for passing $2.5 million worth of carefully forged checks across 26 countries for five years, beginning when he was 16 years old.

He said he had created at least eight separate identities, pretending to be an airline pilot, a doctor, a prison agent, and a lawyer. He escaped from police custody twice (once from a moving airplane at the airport and once from an American prison), before he was 21 years old.

He served less than five years in prison before starting to work for the American federal (national) government. He is a consultant and lecturer at the academy of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), which is the national police of the United States. He also runs Abagnale & Associates, a financial fraud consultancy company.

Abagnale's life story was made into the movie Catch Me If You Can directed by Steven Spielberg in 2002 and starring Leonardo DiCaprio and Tom Hanks. It is based on the autobiography Catch Me If You Can by Frank Abagnale. A Broadway musical Catch Me If You Can opened in April 2011 in New York City.

References

1948 births
Living people
American fraudsters
Businesspeople from New York City
Someone like You (Adele song)

"Someone like You" is the second hit single on Adele's record 21. The song was released in 2011. This was her first number one song in the United Kingdom and her second in the USA. It received positive review by music critics.  The song is played only with Adele's voice and piano.

In 2012, the song was certified quintuple-Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America.  "Someone like You" is Adele's third-best selling single in the United States, after "Rolling in the Deep" and "Hello".  It reached number 24 on Billboard's Year-End Hot 100 of 2011 and number 43 on the year-end chart for 2012.

Music videos
The video is shot in black and white and features Adele walking around the streets of Paris.  At the end of the video, Adele's romantic interest is shown walking away from her window.

Credits and personnel
Credits are taken from 21 liner notes.
Vocals — Adele
Songwriting - Adele Adkins, Dan Wilson
Production - Adele Adkins, Dan Wilson

Source:

References

2010s ballads
2011 songs
Adele songs
Pop ballads
Soul songs
R&B songs
Torch songs
Kegon Falls

Kegon Falls (華厳滝 Kegon no Taki) is a waterfall in Japan in Nikkō National Park in Tochigi Prefecture on the island of Honshū. It is fed by Lake Chūzenji, which is the source of the Oshiri River which flows through this waterfall. The waterfall is  high. The Kegon Falls and Nikkō National Park are one of the most famous and popular places in Japan. Thousands of people visit each year. 
In 1927, the Kegon Falls was recognized as one of the "Eight Views" which best showed Japan and its culture in the Shōwa period.

The waterfall is also infamous for suicides, especially among Japanese youth (Werther Effect).

References

Other websites 

A trip to Kegon Falls with fall colours

Waterfalls
Bodies of water of Japan
Geography of Japan
Razor shell

Razor shells, also called razor clams, are bivalves with the shape of an old-fashioned cut-throat razor. They use their shells to work into the sand and hide beneath the surface.

Ensis, of the family Pharidae, is found on sandy beaches in Northern Europe and Eastern Canada, such as Prince Edward Island. Ensis arcuatus prefers coarser sand than its relatives E. ensis and E. siliqua.

There is also another family of razor shells, the Solenidae. Some think Solen and Ensis are close relatives, and some think they are similar because of convergent evolution. The matter will probably be made clear by sequence analysis in the furure.

Description
The razor shell has been known to reach  in length. The dorsal margin is straight while the ventral margin is curved. It can easily be confused with the slightly shorter  and more curved E. ensis (in which both front and back are curved in parallel).

Razor shells have a fragile shell, with open ends. The shell is smooth on the outside and whitish in color, with vertical and horizontal reddish-brown or purplish-brown markings separated by a diagonal line. The periostracum is olive-green. The inner surface is white with a purple tinge and the foot is creamy white with brown lines .

Digging in 
The razor shell lives under the sand, using its powerful foot to dig to a safe depth. The digging has six stages, repeated. A digging cycle involves the muscular foot (which takes up a large part of the body) and the opening and closing of the valve and one end. 

The foot is inflated hydraulically, and pushed down into the sand to anchor the animal. Deflation of the foot then pulls the shell down. The razor shell also squirts water down into the sand, removing loose sand from its path. The foot exerts a pressure of 2 kg/cm2.

The presence of the shell under the sand is revealed by a keyhole-shaped hole in the sand, made by its siphons during suspension feeding for plankton.

Reproduction
In the razor shell sexual development is highly synchronous: eggs and sperms are shed at the same time. In winter and spring consecutive spawns take place, interrupted by periods when more eggs and sperm are produced.

References 

Bivalves
Cockle

Cockles are a group of (mostly) small, edible, saltwater clams. They are marine bivalve molluscs in the family Cardiidae. 

They are very common on sandy sheltered beaches throughout the world. The distinctive rounded shells of cockles are symmetrical, and are heart-shaped when viewed from the end. In most genera there are numerous radial ribs (ridges on the shell). The genus Laevicardium, the egg cockles, have very smooth shells.

The mantle has three openings (inhalant, exhalant, and pedal) for siphoning water and for the foot to stick out. Cockles are capable of 'jumping' by bending and straightening the foot. Cockles burrow using the foot, and feed by filtering plankton from the surrounding water. Some species reach maturity quickly.

Confusingly, the common name "cockle" is also given (by seafood sellers) to a number of other small edible bivalves which have a somewhat similar shape, however these bivalves are in other families such as the Veneridae (Venus clams) and the Arcidae (ark clams). Cockles in the family Cardiidae are sometimes known as "true cockles" in order to distinguish them from these other species.

References 

Bivalves
Wildfire

Wildfire is a general term which includes forest fires, grassland fires, bushfires, brush fires and any other vegetation fire in countryside areas.

Wildfires occur in every continent except Antarctica. They can occur naturally and spontaneously, but many are caused by humans, accidentally or deliberately. Fossil records and human history show that wildfires do occur at intervals. The Great Oxygenation Event and the spread of land plants made Earth a planet of fire.

Wildfires can cause extensive damage to property and human life, but they also have some beneficial effects on wilderness areas. Some plant species depend on the effects of fire for growth and reproduction, although large wildfires may also have negative ecological effects.

Strategies of wildfire prevention, detection, and suppression have varied over the years. One of the more controversial methods is controlled burn: People permit or light small fires to burn away some of the fuel for a potential wildfire. While some wildfires burn in remote forested regions, they can cause extensive destruction of homes and other property in the zone between developed areas and undeveloped wilderness.

Plant adaptation 

Plants in wildfire-prone ecosystems often have adaptations to their local conditions. Such adaptations include physical protection against heat, increased growth after a fire event, and flammable materials that encourage fire and eliminate competition. For example, plants of the genus Eucalyptus contain flammable oils that encourage fire and hard sclerophyll leaves that resist heat and drought. This makes them dominant over less fire-tolerant species. Dense bark, shedding lower branches, and high water content in external structures may also protect trees from rising temperatures. Fire-resistant seeds and reserve shoots that sprout after a fire encourage species preservation, as in 'pioneer' species that specialize in restarting ecological succession after a fire.

Smoke, charred wood, and heat can stimulate the germination of seeds. Smoke from burning plants promotes contains orange butenolide, which induces germination of seeds.

Grasslands in Western Sabah, Malaysian pine forests, and Indonesian Casuarina forests are believed to have resulted from previous periods of fire. The deadwood litter of Chamise (Californian greasewood shrub) is low in water content and flammable, and the shrub quickly sprouts after a fire. Sequoia relies on periodic fires to reduce competition, release seeds from their cones, and clear the soil and canopy for new growth. Some have adapted to, and rely on, low-intensity surface fires for survival and growth. The optimum fire frequency for Caribbean pine in Bahamian pineyards is every 3 to 10 years. Too frequent fires favour herbaceous plants, and infrequent fires favour other tree species.

Related pages 
Bushfire
Fire ecology

References 

Ecology
Fire
Bipod

A bipod is a V-shaped portable attachment that helps support and steady a device, usually a weapon such as a long gun or a mortar. The word "bipod" comes from the Latin and Greek words "bi" and "pod". "Bi" means "two" and "pod" means "foot", or "feet". A bipod is sometimes attached to a firearm to help support it. It also makes it more stable. It gives the best stability along two axes of motion: side-to-side and up-and-down.

Firearms
On firearms, bipods are often used on rifles and shotguns to allow the gun to rest and stop it from moving. They can also be seen on long-barrelled weapons. The bipod allows the gunner to rest the weapon on the ground, a short wall or other object. This allows for more accuracy. Different types of bipods are set up in different ways. Some bipods are a specific length that can not be changed, but some bipods' length can be changed. Mostly, when bipods are not being used, they are folded forwards, not back towards the gunner. Some types of bipod can fold into grips for the gunner to hold to keep the weapon steady.

When firing a weapon without a bipod, it is harder to aim and keep the weapon steady.
The good thing about having a bipod is that it makes weapons more accurate. At first, the bipod was only used on long-barreled rifles, such as snipers. However, light and heavy machine guns now use them, as well as small pistols.

Related pages 
Light machine gun
Sniper rifle
Tripod (photography)

References 

Photography
Firearms
Emperor Jomei

was the 34th Emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession.  His reign started in 629 and ended in 641.  Historians consider details about the life of Emperor Jomei to be possibly legendary, but probable. The name Jomei-tennō was created for him posthumously by later generations.

The conventionally accepted names and sequence of the early emperors were not to be confirmed as "traditional" until the reign of Emperor Kammu, who was the 50th monarch of the Yamato dynasty.

Traditional history 
Jomei was a grandson of Emperor Bidatsu and a great-grandson of Emperor Kimmei.

Events in Jomei's reign 
Suiko did not make it clear who was to succeed her after her death.

 628:  In the 35th year of Empress Suiko's reign, she abdicated her nephew succeeded her.  He became known as Emperor Jomei.  The succession was confirmed in ceremonies.
 639: In the 10 year of Jomei, former Empress Suiko died.

Jomei's reign lasted 13 years.

After his death 
The actual place of Jomei's grave is known.  This emperor is traditionally venerated at a memorial Shinto shrine (misasagi) at Nara. The Imperial Household Agency designates this location as Jomei's mausoleum.  It is formally named Osaka no uchi no misasagi.

Poetry 
Some short poems are believed to have been written by Emperor Jomei.  For example,
Countless are the mountains in Yamato,
 But perfect is the heavenly hill of Kagu;
When I climb it and survey my realm,
Over the wide plain the smoke-wreaths rise and rise,
Over the wide lake the gulls are on the wing;
A beautiful land it is, the land of Yamato!
 -- Emperor Jomei

Related pages 
 Emperor of Japan
 List of emperors of Japan
 Japanese imperial family tree

References

Other websites 

593 births
641 deaths
Emperors of Japan
Lawson Inada

Lawson Fusao Inada (born 1938 in Fresno, California) is an American poet and was the fifth poet laureate of the U.S. state of Oregon.

Early life
Inada is a third-generation Japanese American (Sansei). As a child, Inada and his family were interned during World War II.

Inada became a jazz musician, and this affected his writing. Inada cites jazz and his time in the internment camps as his chief influences as a poet. He studied writing at the University of California, Berkeley, the University of Oregon, and the University of Iowa.

Career 
He joined the faculty of Southern Oregon University in 1966.

In 1994, Inada's Legends from Camp won an American Book Award; and he was awarded poetry fellowships from the National Endowment for the Arts.

In 2006 Inada was named Oregon's poet laureate.

Quotations
With new hope.
We build new lives.
Why complain when it rains?
This is what it means to be free.
 -- Lawson Inada,  Japanese American Historical Plaza, Portland, Oregon

Select works
 Three Northwest Poets: Drake, Inada, Lawder, Madison: Quixote Press, 1970.
 Before the War; Poems as They Happened, New York: Morrow, 1971.
 Aiiieeeee! An Anthology of Asian-American Writers, Washington, DC: Howard University Press, 1974 (Coeditor).
 The Buddha Bandits Down Highway 99, Mountain View: Buddhahead Press, 1978 (With Garrett Kaoru Hongo and Alan Chong Lau).
 The Big Aiiieeeee!: An Anthology of Chinese American and Japanese American Literature, New York: Penguin, 1990 (Coeditor).
 Legends From Camp, Minneapolis: Coffee House Press, 1993. Winner, American Book Award. Finalist, Los Angeles Times Book Award for Poetry.
 In This Great Land of Freedom: The Japanese Pioneers of Oregon, Los Angeles: Japanese American National Museum, 1993 (Contributor).
 Touching the Stones: Tracing One Hundred Years of Japanese American History, Portland: Oregon Nikkei Endowment, 1994 (Contributor).
 Just Intonations, Ashland, Oregon: Graven Images Gallery Press, 1996.
 Drawing the Line, Minneapolis: Coffee House Press, 1997. Winner, Oregon Book Award for Poetry. A New York Public Library Book for the Teen Age.
 Only What We Could Carry: The Japanese American Internment Experience, Berkeley: Heyday Books, 2000 (Editor and author of introduction).
 Unfinished Message: Selected Works of Toshio Mori, Berkeley: Heyday Books, 2000 (Author of introduction).
 A Matter of Conscience: Essays on the World War II Heart Mountain Draft Resistance Movement. Powell, Wyoming: Western History Publications, 2002 (Contributor).

Notes

Further reading
 Leonard, George. (1999).  The Asian Pacific American Heritage: A Companion to Literature and Arts. London: Taylor & Francis. 
 Niiya, Brian. (1993).  Japanese American History: An A-to-Z Reference from 1868 to the Present. New York: Facts on File; Bonn: Verlag für die Deutsche Wirtschaft AG.    OCLC: 26853950

Other websites
 PBS (US):  Lawson Fusao Inada 

1938 births
Living people
American jazz musicians
American poets
Musicians from California
Writers from California
People from Fresno, California
Nobushige Hozumi

was a Japanese statesman and legal expert in Meiji period.

Hozumi was appointed to the House of Peers in 1890.

In 1915, he was ennobled with the title of danshaku (baron) under the kazoku system.

In 1916, Horzumi was named to the Emperor's Privy Council in 1916.

After death
The people of Uwajima city named a bridge in his honor. He was also honored by a Japanese commemorative postage stamp in 1998.

Selected works
 Hozumi, Nobushige. Ancestor-Worship and Japanese Law. University Press of the Pacific, 2003, 
 Hozumi, Nobushige. The new Japanese civil code,: As material for the study of comparative jurisprudence. Maruzen 1912. ASIN: B000870Z46

References

Further reading 

 Marshall Byron K. Professors and Politics: The Meiji Academic Elite. Journal of Japanese Studies, Vol. 3, No. 1 (Winter, 1977), pp. 71–97
 Oda, Hiroshi. Japanese Law. Oxford University Press, 2001. 

1856 births
1926 deaths
Japanese politicians
People from Ehime Prefecture
Sport Relief

Sport Relief is a charity event from Comic Relief that happens every two years. It is held in association with BBC Sport. The event brings together the worlds of sport and entertainment to raise money to help vulnerable people in both the UK and the world's poorest countries. At the heart of the campaign is the Sport Relief Mile.

Related pages
Children in Need

Other websites
Sport Relief Website
Donate

All Out For India
Sport Relief Fairtrade Cotton Socks 
 Bench Press Challenge

BBC
Sports
Pope Gregory I

Pope Gregory I (; c. 540 – 12 March 604), better known in English as Gregory the Great, was an Italian priest of the Roman Catholic Church and the 64th Pope from 3 September 590 to his death in 604.

Gregory was born in Rome, but the date of his birth is not certain.  He was the son of a noble Roman family.

Gregory was elected pope in 590.

Related pages
 List of popes

References

Other websites

 
  Catholic Hierarchy, Popes in sequence
   "Saint Gregory", Encyclopædia Britannica, 1911
 . Writings of Gregory I.

540 births
604 deaths
Christian theologians
Christian writers
Italian popes
People from Rome
Casino Marina del Sol

The Casino Marina del Sol is the largest casino in Chile. It is in the city of Talcahuano. It opened in 2005 under a Chilean law allowing casinos. It contains a casino, hotel, gym, spa, disco, museum and car park.

Related pages
 Greater Concepción

Other websites 
 Casino Marina del Sol 

Buildings and structures in Chile
21st-century establishments in Chile
2005 establishments in South America
Functional magnetic resonance imaging

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) is a special type of MRI that makes it possible to watch different areas of a person's brain while they do different tasks.

A functional MRI shows the use of oxygen in different brain areas. The Deoxyhemoglobin in blood absorbs a radiowave signal and later emits it (sends it back out). Oxyhemoglobin does not. When an area of the brain is active, the blood flow to that area increases and more oxyhemoglobin is delivered to supply the active cells with oxygen. This means less of the signal is absorbed. An active area of the  brain absorbs and emits less energy than a less active area. This can be seen live as it is happening when different areas of the brain 'light up' on the images as they become less active.

References

Books
 Richard B. Buxton, Introduction to functional magnetic resonance imaging: Principles and techniques, Cambridge University Press, 2002,

Related pages
Medical test
Radiography

Other websites
Columbia University - About fMRI (General) 
Oxford Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain

Medical tests
Medical imaging
My Prerogative

"My Prerogative" is a song first released in 1988 in the United States and then recorded again in 2004. The earlier version was by Bobby Brown. The 2004 version was by Britney Spears. Other people have covered the song since then. It has been sampled in other songs.

1988 songs
Britney Spears songs