cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Undertow (Tool album)

Undertow is Tool's first full-length album, released in 1993. When this album was released, grunge music was at its most popular, and pop punk was slowly beginning to become popular. Undertow helped heavy metal music continue as a leading mainstream musical style, and allowed several later bands to break through to the mainstream. Allmusic saw the album's success in the "striking, haunting visuals that complemented the album's nihilistic yet wistful mood." It was eventually certified double platinum by the RIAA on May 14, 2001.

The album was recorded between October and December 1992 at Grand Master Studios, Hollywood, California, and includes songs that the band decided to not release on their previous EP, Opiate.

Track listing

CD
All songs written by Tool unless otherwise noted.

1. "Intolerance" – 4:53
2. "Prison Sex" – 4:56
3. "Sober" - 5:06
4. "Bottom" - 7.13 (Tool, Henry Rollins)
5. "Crawl Away" - 5:29
6. "Swamp Song" - 5:31
7. "Undertow" - 5:21
8. "4°" - 6:02
9. "Flood" - 7:45
69. "Disgustipated" - 15:47

"Disgustipated" is track 69 on most pressings in North America (causing most CD players upon reaching the end of track 9 to advance through tracks 10-68, which contain no data, at a rate of about 2 per second until track 69 is reached). It also appears as track 39, track 10 (mostly in Europe) or as a hidden track following "Flood" on track 9.
On certain Japanese imports, "Disgustipated" is track 70, with a short live version of "Flood" as track 71.
The exact breakdown of "Disgustipated" is as follows:

Percussion/Animal sounds - 0:00 - 1:10
Preacher - 1:11 - 2:32
Disgustipated - 2:33 - 6:45
Crickets - 6:46 - 13:50
Phone message - 13:51 - 15:47

LP

Side one
"Intolerance"
"Prison Sex"
"Sober"

Side two
"Bottom"
"Crawl Away"
"Swamp Song"

Side three
"Undertow"
"4°"
"Flood"

Side four
"Disgustipated"

Charting

Albums

Singles

Accolades

(*) designates unordered lists.

1993 albums
Debut albums
Heavy metal albums
Princess Beatrice of the United Kingdom

Princess Beatrice of the United Kingdom,  (Beatrice Mary Victoria Feodore; 14 April 1857 – 26 October 1944), later Princess Henry of Battenberg, was a member of the British Royal Family. She was the youngest child of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom and Prince Albert of Saxe - Coburg and Gotha.

Other websites 

 Isle of Wight Beacon on Princess Beatrice 
 Information about Queen Victoria's journals
 Regiments page on Princess Beatrice 

1857 births
1944 deaths
House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
Bailiffs Grand Cross of the Order of St John
Xbox Live

Xbox Live (trademarked as Xbox LIVE) is the online gaming service created by Microsoft for the Xbox, Xbox 360 and Xbox One. It costs about $50 USD per year (in America) and has over 31 million subscribers as of 2013. There are two versions of Xbox Live; Gold and Free. Free allows an online 'friends list' and downloads, but does not allow users to play games against other people online. Gold is the same as Free, but with the addition of online gaming and cost $50/£40 a year. Subscribers can pay with a credit card or by special cards which are bought in shops and enter the codes online.

Microsoft Points 

Microsoft Points or MS points was the previous currency of Xbox Live. In 2013 they changed it to actual currency such as Dollars or Euros. On Xbox Live you can buy many things ranging from movies to games to DLC. You can buy full games on Xbox 360 and Xbox One or Xbox Live Arcade games.

References

Other websites

The Unofficial Guide To Live, The most popular independent Xbox Live support website for all things Xbox Live (NAT, IP Address Failed, Wireless...)

Xbox
Zanskar River

Zanskar River has two branches of origin. One of them takes birth in Ropshu area and flowing west-ward reaches Zanskar town; see Zanskar Gorge. The other branch is formed from the waters of the glaciers of central Zanskar and flowing south-east reaches Padam. From this place it turns to the north and collecting the waters of Khurna River empties into the Indus River. Another stream called Zora flowing to the north from the southern frontiers, also joins Zanskar river.

Rivers of Pakistan
Tributaries of the Indus River
Xbox Live Vision

The Xbox Live Vision is a webcam designed for the Xbox 360 and Xbox Live.

Overview
The camera can be used for video chat, personalized gamer pictures, in-game video chat, and still pictures. The camera features 640 × 480 video at 30 fps and is capable of taking still images at 1.3 megapixels. It allows for video chat and picture messages using an Xbox Live Gold Subscription with video effects along with in-game compatibility.

It also features three camera effects, in which the currently captured video image is overlaid on the dashboard background. The three effects are 'watery', 'edgy', and 'dotty'. The camera uses a standard USB 2.0 connection and is also Windows (XP and newer) and Mac OS X (v10.4.9 and newer) compatible.

The Xbox Live Vision Camera was announced at E3 2006 and released in North America on September 19, 2006, following a 1-month pre-launch period in which Toys "R" Us stores in New York City and Los Angeles sold them to build up hype. It was released in Europe and Asia on October 6, 2006, and November 2, 2006 in Japan.

PC compatibility
The Vision Camera is compatible with Windows XP Service Pack 2 using USB 2.0 connection. It requires a microphone for audio when used on a PC. Drivers are not included with the Vision Camera–you must allow Windows to download them automatically when prompted. 

If the Vision Camera is not working and appears as a device in "Universal Serial Bus Controllers" in Device Manager, try the following:

 Go to Device Manager
 Go to USB Controllers, select the camera, right click, and choose Update Driver
 Choose "Install from Specific Location"
 Choose "Don't Search"
 Select USB Composite device

After a few seconds, the device will appear in "Imaging Devices."  In "USB Controllers" there will be an entry called "Microsoft Xbox 360 Live Vision Security Method 3."  This indicates the camera is installed and ready for use.

Mac OS X 10.4.9 added support for the USB "video class" group of peripherals, including Vision Camera. They work in iChat, Photo Booth and other applications that use Quicktime for video display, such as Skype. Connection over USB2 is also mandatory. 

The Vision Camera is also compatible with Sony's PlayStation 3 (requires firmware 1.54).

References

Other websites
 Xbox Live Vision , Xbox.com
 Xbox Live Membership levels explained on Xbox.com 
 Using Xbox Live Vision with Windows

Xbox

es:Xbox Live Vision
Trumpet Concerto (Arutunian)

Arutunian Trumpet Concerto is Armenian composer Alexander Arutunian’s sixth major composition. It was written for the Soviet trumpet player Timofei Dokschitzer, who moved to the USA and represented the concerto there. According to J. Sundram, "it is an energetic powerhouse of Eastern European lyricism and harmonic textures". According to Philip Smith, the principal trumpet of the New York Philharmonic, Arutunian's Trumpet Concerto is too much popular among the trumpet players.

Movements
Arutiunian's Trumpet Concerto consists of the following movements:

 Andante—Allegro energico 
 Meno mosso 
 Tempo I

Discography
 Concerto for trumpet and orchestra. Bernar Sustro, trumpet. Philharmonic Orchestra "Des Pays de la Loire". Conductor: Mark Sustro. PierreVerani. PV. 78801. France, 1987 
 Concerto for trumpet and orchestra. Timofey Dokshitser. The Bolshoi Theatre Orchestra. Conductor: Gennady Rozhdestvensky. TD - 950101- AT 2000. Bulgaria 
 Concerto for trumpet and orchestra. Jucko Kharyane, trumpet. Symphony orchestra "Kuopio". 
Conductor: Pekka Savidtsuki. Finland 
 Concerto for trumpet and orchestra. (Cadence by A. Sandoval). Arturo Sandoval, trumpet. 
The London Symphony orchestra. Conductor: Luis Has. RCA Victor 09026-62661-2. USA, 1994 
 Concerto for trumpet and orchestra. (Arrangement for trumpet and wind orchestra by Roger Harvey). James Watson, trumpet. "The Black Dyke Mills" Orchestra. Conductor: Roger Harvey. Doy CD 036. USA, 1994 
 Concerto for trumpet and orchestra. Bebe Black, trumpet. The Moscow Chamber Orchestra. 
Conductor: Konstantin Orbelyan, Jr. CHAN 9668 England, 2000 
 Concerto of trumpet and orchestra. Harry Lidsle, trumpet. The Oulu Symphony orchestra. 
Conductor: Atso Almila. Mils 9651 Finland, 1996

LP
 Concerto for trumpet and orchestra. Timofey Dokshitser, trumpet. The Orchestra of the Bolshoy Theatre. Conductor: Gennady Rojdestvenskiy. "Melodia"-Veb Deutsche Schall-platten, Berlin, DDR 
S. VI-02273 
 Concert for trumpet with orchestra. Same performance. "Melodia", Angel, SR-1-40149
 Concert for trumpet with orchestra. Same performance. "Melodia", C10-06785
 Concerto for trumpet and orchestra. Performer: Vatslav Yunek. Prague Symphony orchestra De l'Office de Radiodifffusion Television Francaise. Conductor: Moris Suzan. STU 70714 A, France . 
 Concert for trumpet with orchestra. Same performance. STU 70915 B, France 
 Concert for trumpet with orchestra. Same performance. Victor (vic-2015), Japan 
 Concerto for trumpet and orchestra. S. Leonchik, trumpet. The Bolshoy Theatre Orchestra. Conductor: Boris Haykin. "Melodia", 33D-015506

Other websites 
 Arutunian Trumpet Concerto at YouTube
 Comparison between J. Haydn Trumpet Concerto in Eb and A. Arutiunian Trumpet Concerto in Ab
 Arutunian Trumpet Concerto at YouTube

References

Concertos
Alexander Arutunian

Alexander Arutiunian (born September 23, 1920, Yerevan; died March 28, 2012) was an Armenian composer and pianist, widely-known particularly for his Trumpet concerto. He was awarded by the State Prizes of USSR (1949) and Armenia (1970), People's Artist of the USSR (1970) and Armenian SSR (1964) honorary titles, "St Mesrop Mashtots" and "Khorenatsi" Armenian medals, "Alexandrov" Gold medal (1976), "St Sahak and St Mesrop" Order by Holy Etchmiadzin (2004).

He graduated from the Music Conservatory of Yerevan, then he studied composition with Genrikh Litinsky. After graduation he returned to Yerevan to teach at the local Conservatory and later he became artistic director of the Armenian Philarmonic Orchestra.

In 1948 he was awarded the USSR State Prize for the Motherland cantata, a graduation piece he wrote as a student at the Moscow Conservatory. He has continued to win acclaim at home and abroad for his works, many of which are quickened by the folk traditions of Armenian music.

Some of Arutiunian's works for wind instruments, notably the 1950 concerto for trumpet, the concerto for tuba, and the brass quintet Armenian Scenes, have secured their place in the international repertory, having been performed by conductors such as Valeri Gergiev, who has recorded his Symphony for large orchestra, composed in 1957 with the Symphony orchestra of the Russian All-Union Radio. In 1988, he composed his Violin Concerto "Armenia-88".

Filmography

Music for Films 
 Nahapet (1977) (as Life Triumphs in USA)
 Za chas do rassveta (An Hour Before the Dawn, 1973, TV)
 Sirtn e yergum (The Heart Sings, 1957)
 Urvakannere heranum en lernerits (Ghosts Leave the Peaks, 1955)
 Aleph, lectures contades (2000) Italian TV episode (soundtrack: "Concerto for trombone and orchestra")

As Actor 
 Lalvari vorskane (Lalvar Hunter, 1967) as Zako

Other websites 
 www.alexanderarutiunian.com 
 List of works 
 Arutiunian's 85th Birthday Concert in Yerevan 
 Arutunian at IMDB

References 

1920 births
2012 deaths
Armenian composers
People from Yerevan
The Hundred and One Dalmatians

The Hundred and One Dalmatians, or The Great Dog Robbery is a 1956 children's novel by Dodie Smith.  The story is about Cruella de Vil and her plans to skin 101 Dalmatian puppies to make a fur coat. The puppies are rescued by other animals. Disney released an animated movie in 1961 based on the book as One Hundred and One Dalmatians. The book has been published as 101 Dalmatians. Smith wrote a sequel to the book called The Starlight Barking.

References 

British novels
English-language novels
101 Dalmatians
1956 books
Books about dogs
101 Dalmatians

101 Dalmatians may mean:

 The Hundred and One Dalmatians, a 1956 novel written by Dodie Smith
 One Hundred and One Dalmatians, a 1961 Walt Disney animated movie
 101 Dalmatians (1996 movie), a 1996 live-action remake of the Walt Disney movie
 101 Dalmatians: The Series, a Disney television series that aired from 1997-1998
 101 Dalmatians II: Patch's London Adventure, an animated sequel to the 1961 Disney movie

Related pages 
 102 Dalmatians, a sequel to the 1996 movie released in November 2000.

Animated television series
English-language television programs
Coulomb's law

Coulomb's law is a function developed in the 1780s by physicist Charles-Augustin de Coulomb. It explains how strong the force will be between two electrostatic charges. Electrostatic means electric charges without any motion.

Direction 

Let's think of two electric charges existing in an empty space. If the two charges are opposite, (+) and (-) charges for example, they will attract each other. And if two charges are both the same, both (+) or both (-) for example, they will push each other. This is similar to how magnets act, as N and S attract each other, and as N and N, S and S push each other.

This is because electric charges make an electric field. If two fields exist in the same space at the same time, then the two fields exert (~ put) force on each other. The force they make on each other is called 'Coulomb's force' or the electrostatic force. Coulomb's law explains how big the force will be.

Scale 
Coulomb's law explains the scale between two electric charges.
The scale of electrostatic force follows the function below.

Coulomb's law explains that the force scale F is relative to ratio of ,.

 and  are the scales of each electric charge.  is the distance between the two electric charges. And  has a certain value. It does not change relative to ,  or . While  remains constant, when multiples of  and  become bigger, the electrostatic force will also get bigger. When the distance  becomes bigger, the electrostatic force will become smaller by the ratio of .
The exact size of  is

N m2 C−2 (or m F−1). This constant is called Coulomb's force constant or the electrostatic force constant.

Inverse-square law 
The relation between the force of pushing or pulling (F) and the distance between the particles () follows the Inverse-square Law. Inverse-square law means that when the distance  grows bigger, the force gets weaker by the ratio . Gravitation, Electromagnetic radiation, and sound loudness also follow this law.

Related pages 
 Coulomb, the SI unit of electric charge named after Charles-Augustin de Coulomb
 Inverse-square law, the physical law that shows the relation between distance and Intensity.
 Electrostatic
 Magnetic

Other websites 
 Coulomb's Law on Project PHYSNET.
 A maze game for teaching Coulomb's Law

Electricity
Laws of physics
Snow White (disambiguation)

Snow White can mean:

Literature 
 Snow White, title character of various popular fairy tales
 Snow White, a title character in Snow White and Rose-Red, a fairy tale unrelated to the Snow White listed above
 Snow White (Fables), a character in the comic book Fables, created by Bill Willingham as an amalgam of the two characters mentioned above
 Snow White, a 1967 novel by Donald Barthelme
 Snow White, a 1987 novelization by Suzanne Weyn

Movies 
 Snow White (1916 movie), a Famous Players-Lasky Corporation silent movie
 Snow White (1933 movie), a cartoon with Betty Boop, from Fleischer Studios
 Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937 movie), a feature-length animated movie produced by Walt Disney
  Snow White (1987 movie), a 1987 movie
  The Legend of Princess Snow White,an anime production
 Snow White: A Tale of Terror, a 1997 movie
 Snow White (TV film), a 2001 TV movie
 Snow White (2005 movie), a modern adult drama set in Zurich, Switzerland

Other 
 History of IBM#1960–1968: The System/360 era|IBM and its major mainframe competitors in the 1960s, who were sometimes referred to as "Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs"
 Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (ballet)
 Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1912 play), a Broadway play
 Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1979 musical), a Broadway musical based on the 1937 film
 Schneewittchen (opera), a 1998 opera by Heinz Holliger
  Snow White design language,a design profile used for a number of Apple computers
  Operation Snow White,an infiltration effort perpetrated by the Church of Scientology against the United States of America
 Snow White (horse)
 Snow White (album), a 2007 album by Corinna Fugate
Leprechaun

In Irish mythology, a leprechaun () is a type of male fairy said to live in the island Ireland. They are a class of fairy folk" in Irish mythology and folklore, as with all fairies, with the Tuatha Dé Danann

They usually form into the look of old men and who enjoy doing trouble. They are said to be very rich, having many treasure crocks buried during war-time. Legend says, if someone looks at one of them, the leprechaun cannot escape, but the moment the person looks away, he disappears.

Other websites 
 The Leprechaun Companion (an illustrated guide)

Irish culture
Legendary creatures
Greater Middle East

The Greater Middle East (also known as "The New Middle East") is a political term that groups together various countries, related to the Arab world with Iran and Turkey, marginal countries such as Pakistan and Afghanistan.  Various Central Asian countries and the lower Caucasus (Azerbaijan, Armenia, and Georgia) and Cyprus and Greece are sometimes also included. Some speakers may use the term to denote areas with significant Muslim majorities, but this usage is not universal. The countries and Territories of the GME are as the following:

  Afghanistan
  Algeria
  Armenia
  Azerbaijan
  Djibouti
  Eritrea
  Georgia
  Kazakhstan
  Kyrgyzstan
  Libya
  Mauritania
  Morocco
  Pakistan
  Tajikistan
  Tunisia
  Turkmenistan
  Uzbekistan

Asia
Middle East
Asian snake-eyed skink

The Asian snake-eyed skink (Ablepharus pannonicus) is a species of skink. It lives in the Caucasus Mountains and the Greater Middle East. It is a small skink, with a body color that can be brown or copper green, and some have a white stripe along their side. Like a snake, it does not have moveable eyelids.

References

Lizards
Reptiles of Pakistan
Crosswords DS

Crosswords DS (also known as CrossworDS) is a crosswords video game made by Nuevo Retro Games and published by Nintendo for the Nintendo DS game console. It has three games - Crosswords, Word search, and Anagrams.

Other websites
 IGN web page for Crosswords DS 

Nintendo DS games
Nintendo DS-only games
Puzzle video games
Fedora Unity

Fedora Unity is a community project to build comprehensive and concise websites and content that provide Fedora users and contributors with quality information.

All submissions to the project are covered by the Open Publication License (with no options) unless otherwise noted in order to allow submission to the Fedora Documentation Project.

Re-spins 
The Fedora Unity project produces ISO images for i386 and x86_64 architectures that are available as Jigdo downloads, containing slipstreamed installation media.

Last release: 20080720 launched, July of 2008, it includes Fedora 9 plus all updates as of July 18th, 2008.

Other websites 
 http://fedoraunity.org/ 
 http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/
 http://torrent.fedoraunity.org/ 

Websites
Linux
Picross DS

Picross DS is a puzzle video game made by Jupiter and published by Nintendo for the Nintendo DS game console.

Reception

Picross DS got many great reviews. IGN gave it a 9.0/10 and an Editor's Choice Award. The magazine said the game was one of the most addictive games for the Nintendo DS. They liked it for its downloadable puzzles, create-a-puzzle mode, and the number of puzzles to play. They said that the game's biggest mistake was that it penalized the player for missing by adding time, but doesn't count how many times the player misses.

2007 video games
Nintendo DS-only games
Puzzle video games
Text box

A text box is a box that people type things into the computer.

Computers
Writing tools
Type

Type may mean:

In philosophy:
A type is a category of being
Type-token distinction
Type theory, basis for the study of type systems

In mathematics:
Type (model theory)
Type or Arity, the number of operands a function takes
Type, any proposition or set in the Intuitionistic type theory

In computing:
Data type, collection of values used for computations
Type (command), a shell command.
Type system, defines a programming language's response to data types

In sociology:
Ideal type
Normal type
Typification

Other:
Type (band), name of Portuguese DJ and musician Cyz (Cynthia Zamorano)
Typeface, used in typesetting
Typing, Pressing buttons (keys) on a keyboard to enter text
Architectural type, classification of architecture by functional types (houses, institutions), morphological types or historical types
The yellowchair performance experience, a theatre company often abbreviated to TYPE
Dog type, categorisation by use or function of domestic dogs
Biological type, which fixes a scientific name to a taxon

Related pages 
Kind
Free agent

A free agent is a professional sports player who is not part of a specific team, especially whose contract has expired with the team he or she was on. That player can then sign a new contract with any team.

Sports words
Out (baseball)

An out in baseball happens to the batter or his teammates on the field in a game. When a player is out, they leave the field, and when there are 3 outs, the other team goes up to bat. One way to get an out is if a baseball is caught while in the air and before it touches the ground after being hit by the batter. Another way is to strike out. To strike out you have to either miss the ball or not swing at good pitches three times while batting. Tag outs and force outs are the other main ways players get out.

Related pages 
 Out (cricket)

References 

Baseball rules
Run (baseball)

A run in baseball is when a player on a team scores a point. It can be a walked in run, a batted run, or a home run.

Baseball rules
Maxis

Maxis Software is an American company that was founded as a video game developer and is now a brand name of Electronic Arts (EA). Maxis' second software title was SimCity, a city simulation and planning game. Maxis is also the creator of the best-selling computer game of all time, The Sims and its sequel The Sims 2 and a title called Spore in which you guide a creature from cell form to smart, developed creatures. These four titles and their related products are the brand's most popular and successful lines.

Most Maxis titles are simulation-based, though none are considered traditional simulations. Maxis founder Will Wright likens them as "digital dollhouses." Maxis has also released games developed by other production houses, such as A-Train and SimTower.

Acquisition by EA 
Electronic Arts (EA) completed its acquisition of Maxis on July 28, 1997. EA kept some of the original staff, including Will Wright. Products were shipped under the Maxis logo for several years until 2004, when The Sims 2 had only the Electronic Arts logo on the box cover. As of October 18 2006, with the release of The Sims 2: Pets expansion pack, the Maxis title has been removed from the game's start. Also, up until The Sims 2: FreeTime, the logo of Maxis was used for a button in the Options panel of the game to display the credits. In FreeTime, the Maxis logo was replaced by a symbol of the Sims plumbob.

American video game companies
Underwater

Underwater is a term telling what is below the surface of a body of water such as an ocean, sea, lake, pond, or river. Most of the planet Earth is covered by water. The bottom of the ocean is called the sea-bed. Most of the sea-bed is between  below the surface of the ocean. Just like the Earth's dry land, the sea-bed also has mountains, valleys and flat plains, although they are covered with water. The deepest part of all the world's oceans is a place called the Challenger Deep, which is in the Mariana Trench. It is  under the sea.

Although a number of human activities happen underwater, such as scuba diving for work or recreation, or even warfare with submarines, most of the oceans, especially the deepest parts, have not been explored yet.

References 

Water
Hereford (cattle)

Hereford cattle are a widely used breed in temperate areas, mainly for beef production.

Originally from Herefordshire, England, they are found in the temperate parts of Australia. The breed also enjoys great popularity among ranchers in the desert American Southwest of the United States, as well as in the centre and east of Argentina and in Uruguay. Herefords made up the largest percentage of registered cows among herders in New Zealand. This is a testament to the hardiness of the breed; while originating in cool, moist Britain, they have thrived in much harsher climates. The breed has adapted to a wide range of climates on nearly every continent.

Hornless variants with the polled gene are known as the Polled Herefords. Breeding horned and hornless together functions as a genetic dehorner. This is often used as an alternative to a dehorning process, which causes stress and often weight loss.

References

Cattle breeds
Beef cattle

Beef cattle are cattle raised for meat production (as distinguished from dairy cattle). The meat of cattle is known as beef. While the principal use of beef cattle is meat production, other uses include leather, and products used in shampoo and cosmetics. The plural beeves, when referring to such meat-animals (of either sex), is well known in the American cattle industry, but is often restricted to steers.

Cattle
Roman army

The Roman army is the military of ancient Rome, the forces used by the Roman Kingdom, Roman Republic and later Roman Empire. Its infantry for much of its history was the Roman legion. Rome also had a navy. The size of the army in the late Roman Empire was about 128,000  179,200 men. It was very well organized. The main Roman soldiers in the Empire were the legionaries. The legions were separated into centuries, made up of 80 soldiers and 20 other men who remained in the camp to cook and do other chores.

Other soldiers in the army were called the auxilia. Auxilia were non-citizens who mainly came from the Roman provinces. They were paid less than legionaries and did not usually wear armor but at the end of their service, which was a minimum of 25 years, they were given Roman citizenship.

The army had cavalry units called Equites. Their men were rich enough to have horses and more expensive weapons. Being few, they were less important in battle than the infantry.

Weapons and equipment 

The soldiers of the Roman army wore helmets and body protection. In the early to mid-Republican era, legionaries usually bought their own equipment. Hastati, the first line of soldiers, usually had breastplates, called a cuirass, and some wore lorica hamata, or chainmail. The richer principes, the second line of soldiers, could afford lorica hamata but they were sometimes seen wearing the cheaper cuirasses. Both hastati and principes were each armed with a gladius – a short, 60 centimeter (two foot) sword, and each had two pila – short spears.

The third line of soldiers, the Triarii, had a hasta, a two meter long spear. They were also armed with the gladius and had an early form of the lorica segmenta or iron band armor. All legionaries had a large rectangular shield, the scutum, which had rounded corners.
By the late Republican period, all legionaries carried a gladius, two pila, a new, larger scutum, and wore chainmail. Lorica segmentata was only commonly worn between the 2nd and 3rd century.

Larger weapons such as the ballista (large crossbow) and the Onager (catapult) were used in larger battles.

From the Second Punic War onward, Roman armies had units of non-Italian mercenaries, such as Numidian light cavalry, Cretan archers, and Balearic slingers. Roman armies had previously lacked these kinds of troops.

Training 
The main thing a member of the Roman Army needed was athletic ability. Soldiers were expected to march about 36 km (24 miles) in five hours. They also had to be fit to fight well and cope with any injuries.

New soldiers would do two sessions of military drill and give their oath of loyalty to their Commander and Emperor. Every day the whole of the legion would practice running, jumping, sword fighting and javelin throwing.

References 

Ancient Rome
Armies
Tierpark Hagenbeck

Tierpark Hagenbeck (translated as "Animal park of Hagenbeck") is the name of the largest zoo in Hamburg, Germany. The park was founded by Carl Hagenbeck in 1907. His father was a fishmonger (a person who buys and sells fish). It was the first zoo in the world to use moats (a moat is a large hole or trench. Animals do not dare cross it).
This was done instead of using cages with bars, so the animals would feel more at home. 

Bombs in the Second World War completely destroyed the zoological garden. With much help from the founding family, it was rebuilt after the war. Two Indian elephants helped to clear the rubble in the zoo.

There are 210 different species in the Tierpark Hagenbeck. The sadness is the only swan which is almost completely black, the Mourning swan. There are also mandrills and baby elephants but no tapirs. There is breeding for orangutans, North Chinese leopards and giant otters from South America.

References

Buildings and structures in Hamburg
Zoos in Germany
Ronno

Ronno is a village in the Rhône department of central-eastern France.

Communes in Rhône
Ultamatix

Ultamatix is a computer program to install other programs on Ubuntu and Debian-based distributions.

History 
Since the development of Automatix has ended, Ultamatix was developed to provide user an easy way to install software on their Ubuntu systems.

Supported software 
Many software/features can be installed with Ultamatix, including programs such as the Flash plugin, Adobe Reader, multimedia codecs (including MP3, Windows Media Audio and video-DVD support), fonts, programming software (compilers) and games.

Related pages
Getdeb

Other websites
Ubuntu extras remix , a version of Ubuntu that already includes ubuntu-restricted-extras

Linux software
Limit of a function

In calculus, a branch of mathematics, the limit of a function is the behavior of a certain function near a selected input value for that function. Limits are one of the main calculus topics, along with derivatives,  integration, and differential equations.

Definition of the limit 

The definition of the limit is as follows:
If the function  approaches a number  as  approaches a number , then 

The notation for the limit above is read as "The limit of  as  approaches  is ", or alternatively,  as   (reads " tends to  as  tends to "). Informally, this means that we can make  as close to  as possible—by making  sufficiently close to  from both sides (without making  equal to ).

Imagine we have a function such as . When ,   is undefined, because . Therefore, on the Cartesian coordinate system, the function  would have a vertical asymptote at . In limit notation, this would be written as:

The limit of  as  approaches  is , which is denoted by

Right and left limits 
For the function , we can get as close to  in the -values as we want, so long as we do not make  equal to . For instance, we could make x=.00000001 or -.00000001, but never 0. Therefore, we can get  as close as we want to , but without reaching it. The left limit is any value that approaches the limit from numbers less than the number, and the right limit is any value that approaches the limit from number greater than the limit number. For instance, in the function , since the limit for  is 0, if , it approaches the limit from the right. If we instead choose -1, we say it approaches the limit from the left.

Related pages 

 Derivative (mathematics), a quantity defined as a limit of slopes
 Limit of a sequence

References 

Mathematics
Marilyn Manson

Brian Hugh Warner (born January 5, 1969 in Canton, Ohio), better known by his stage name Marilyn Manson, is an American singer, artist and actor known for his stage name and image as the lead singer of the band named after him. His stage name was formed from the names of actress Marilyn Monroe and murderer,  Charles Manson.

In February 2021, Manson was accused of sexual and physical abuse by multiple women and men; including his ex-fiancée Evan Rachel Wood.

Discography
All with the band:
Portrait of an American Family (1994)
Antichrist Superstar (1996)
Mechanical Animals (1998)
 Holy Wood (In the Shadow of the Valley of Death) (2000)
The Golden Age of Grotesque (2003)
Eat Me, Drink Me (2007)
The High End of Low (2009)
Born Villian (2012)
The Pale Emperor (2015)

References

1969 births
Living people
American rock singers
People from Canton, Ohio
Singers from Ohio
American rock guitarists
American singer-songwriters
Musicians from Ohio
Writers from Ohio
American poets
American keyboard players
American rock drummers
American heavy metal musicians
American heavy metal singers
American painters
American movie actors
American television actors
Actors from Ohio
Move

Move may mean:
 Motion, Movement
 Moving, Mover
 Moving Company
 migration, immigration, emigration
 Prime mover
 Remove

Science 
 Strategy (game theory)
 Move α (linguistics)

Government, law and politics
 motion (legal)
 motion (democracy)
 motion (parliamentary procedure)

computing
 mv (move), a Unix command
 Move (command), a shell command.
 MOV an x86 assembly language instruction

Organizations and brands
 MOVE, a Philadelphia-based organization
 Move.com, an online real estate company
 Daihatsu Move
 MOVE (Hungary), an early Hungarian fascist group
 M.O.V.E. Inc., a New York City based nonprofit organization

Music
 "Move", a single by Thousand Foot Krutch from The Art of Breaking
 m.o.v.e, a Japanese musical group
 The Move, a 1960s rock band
 The Move (album), their debut album
 Move Records, a record label

Personal name
 Daniil Move, a Russian auto racing driver

Basic English 850 words
Bill Cowher

William Laird "Bill" Cowher (born May 8, 1957) is a former American football coach and player.  He coached the Pittsburgh Steelers for 15 seasons.  He is an analyst for The NFL Today. He won his only Super Bowl when the Pittsburgh Steelers beat the Seattle Seahawks.

References

National Football League coaches
American football linebackers
Philadelphia Eagles players
Cleveland Browns players
Sportspeople from Pennsylvania
1957 births
Living people
Largentière

Largentière () is a commune in the Ardèche department of the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in southeastern France. It is a subprefecture of the department.

Name
Its name, used since the thirteenth century in place of its more ancient name Segualeriae (Ségualières), refers to the silver mines in the area between the tenth and fifteenth centuries.

Geography 
The commune of Largentière is in the southern part of the Ardèche department, in the narrow valley of the Ligne river, a short right tributary of the Ardèche river.

The commune has an area of , and its average altitude is ; at the city hall, the altitude is .

The distances from Largentière to other cities are:
 Paris, the national capital - ;
 Lyon, the regional capital - ;
 Marseille - ;
 Strasbourg - ;
 Reims - ;
 Bordeaux - ;
 Toulouse - ;
 Montpellier - ;
 Nice - .

Largentière is surrounded by the communes:

Climate 
The Köppen climate classification type for the climate at Largentière is an "Oceanic climate" (also known as Maritime Temperate climate) and of the subtype "Cfb".

Population
The inhabitants of Largentière are known, in French, as Largentiérois (women: Largentiéroises).

With a population of 1,734, Largentière has a population density of  inhabitants/km2. It is the second smallest subprefecture in France after Castellane in the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence department that has only 1,541 inhabitants (2014).

Evolution of the population in Largentière

Administration 
Largentière is a subprefecture of the Ardèche department since 1800. It is also the capital of the arrondissement of Largentière and is part of the canton Vallon-Pont-d'Arc.

It is part of the intercommunality Val de Ligne, officially named as Communauté de communes Val de Ligne.

Gallery

Related pages
 Arrondissement of Largentière
 Communes of the Ardèche department

References

Other websites

 City council website 
 Val de Ligne Tourist Information Centre 

Communes in Ardèche
Subprefectures in France
Tucumcari, New Mexico

Tucumcari is a city in the U.S. state of New Mexico. It was founded in 1901 and is the county seat of Quay County.

Other websites 
 City of Tucumcari
 Tucumcari Chamber of Commerce
 Eastern Plains Community Action Agency (Early Head Start and Head Start)
 Mesalands Community College

Cities in New Mexico
County seats in New Mexico
1901 establishments in the United States
20th-century establishments in New Mexico
Tauriers

Tauriers  is a commune in the Ardèche département in southern France.

Communes in Ardèche
Gibson (disambiguation)

Gibson may refer to:
 Gibson Guitar Corporation, a guitar corporation established in 1896
 Gibson (surname), a surname
 Gibson, Iowa, a city in the U.S. state of Iowa
 Gibson City, Illinois, a city in the U.S. state of Illinois
 Gibsons, British Columbia, a city in Canada
Thueyts

Thueyts  is a commune in the Ardèche département in southern France.

Communes in Ardèche
Gibson Les Paul

The Gibson Les Paul is an electric guitar that has been made by Gibson since 1952. It is one of the most popular electric guitars of all time.

Guitars
Usclades-et-Rieutord

Usclades-et-Rieutord is a commune in the Ardèche département in southern France.

Communes in Ardèche
Uzer, Ardèche

Uzer is a commune in the Ardèche département in southern France.

Communes in Ardèche
Vagnas

Vagnas  is a commune in the Ardèche département in southern France.

Communes in Ardèche
Valgorge

Valgorge  is a commune in the Ardèche département in southern France.

Related pages

Communes of the Ardèche department

Communes in Ardèche
Vals-les-Bains

Vals-les-Bains is a commune in the Ardèche département in southern France.

Communes in Ardèche
Valvignères

Valvignères  is a commune in the Ardèche department in south France.

Related pages
Communes of the Ardèche department

Communes in Ardèche
Vernon, Ardèche

Vernon is a commune in the Ardèche département in southern France.

Communes in Ardèche
Vesseaux

Vesseaux  is a commune in the Ardèche département in southern France.

Communes in Ardèche
Veyras, Ardèche

Veyras is a commune in the Ardèche département in southern France.

Communes in Ardèche
Coucouron

Coucouron is a commune in the Ardèche département in southern France.

Related pages

Communes of the Ardèche department

Communes in Ardèche
The Sims 3

The Sims 3 is a computer game for Microsoft Windows and Mac OS X. It was released on June 2, 2009 and is a sequel to the popular The Sims and The Sims 2 computer games. There have been versions of the game for consoles and mobile phones as well. The Sims 3 was a success right when it was released. The game has sold 1.4 million copies in its first week and over ten million copies worldwide to date.

EA released a sequel, The Sims 4, in September 2, 2014.

Gameplay 
The Sims 3 is made with the same idea as the games before it. The player controls their own Sims in activities and relationships in a similar manner to real life. The game play is open-ended and has no limits. Sims houses and neighborhoods are in one huge map. The developers stated, "What you do outside your home now matters as much as what you do within." The game includes an optional feature called "Story Progression", which allows all Sims in the neighborhood to continue on their own as if the player were controlling them, such as grow up, get married, get jobs and promotions, have children, and build or buy their dream house while the player is not playing. The Sims 2 used a reward system called Wants and Fears. This is replaced with a new system called Wishes in The Sims 3. Completing a Sim's wish helps the Sim's Lifetime Happiness score and mood. Some wishes, such as "Go to the Park", may add little points to their lifetime happiness while "Have A Baby Boy" may add thousands of points. In The Sims 2, Wants and Fears also contributed to a Sim's "Aspiration" meter, the same to current self-esteem. In The Sims 3, Aspiration is removed entirely, replaced with "Moodlets", which contribute good or bad values to the original Motivation meter. Moodlets can be inspired by physical events, such as having a good meal or comfort from sitting in a good chair, as well as emotional events like a first kiss or a break-up. Most moodlets last for a set amount of time, but some bad Moodlets can be cured (such as the one caused by a need to use the bathroom) and some positive ones rely on the Sim's surroundings and traits.

References 

The Sims
2009 video games
Nintendo 3DS games
Brad Delson

Bradford Phillip "Brad" Delson (born December 1, 1977 in Agoura Hills, California) is the lead guitarist of alternative rock band Linkin Park.

Early life
Brad went to Agoura High School with fellow member of Linkin Park Mike Shinoda.

1977 births
Living people
American guitarists
Extras
Linkin Park
Musicians from Los Angeles
Charlton Heston

Charlton Heston (October 4, 1923 – April 5, 2008) was an American actor. He had many big roles, such as playing Moses in the movie The Ten Commandments, astronaut Colonel George Taylor in Planet of the Apes (1968) and Beneath the Planet of the Apes (1970), the dystopian The Omega Man (1971), and Soylent Green (1973). Heston played Judah Ben-Hur in the Academy Award-winning Ben-Hur.

Early life
He was born in Wilmette, Illinois on October 4, 1923. He was raised in St. Helen, Michigan. Heston studied at New Trier High School and at Northwestern University.

Political views
Heston was also known for his politics. When he was young he held liberal views and marched with people such as Martin Luther King, Jr. for civil rights in the 1960s.

It was rare for a Hollywood actor to be for such causes at that time. Later in his life, he was for conservative causes such as gun rights. He was president of the National Rifle Association, a group that is for the rights of gun owners, from 1998 to 2003.

In July 2003, he received the Presidential Medal of Freedom at the White House from President George W. Bush.

Death
Late in his life, Heston had Alzheimer's disease. He died of pneumonia, aged 84, in Beverly Hills, California.

References

Other websites 

Hollywood.com entry
Reel Classics
BBC News Obituary
Obituary and public tribute 
'From Our Files: An Interview with Charlton Heston' by Phil Elderkin, The Christian Science Monitor, November 4, 1959

1923 births
2008 deaths
Academy Award winning actors
Actors from Illinois
Presidents of the Screen Actors Guild
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
American radio actors
Deaths from pneumonia
People with Alzheimer's disease
Infectious disease deaths in the United States
Screen Actors Guild Award winners
Al-Mustansir II of Cairo

Al-Mustansir II of Cairo was an Abbasid Caliph of Cairo, Egypt, for the Mamluk Sultans between 1261 and 1262.

References

}

Year of birth unknown
1262 deaths
Cairo
Egyptian Muslims
University of Texas at El Paso

The University of Texas at El Paso is a public university in El Paso, Texas, United States.  It has about 20,000 students enrolled and it was founded in 1914.

References

Other websites
The University of Texas at El Paso

Colleges and universities in Texas
Conference USA
El Paso, Texas
1914 establishments in the United States
1910s establishments in Texas
Vexilloid

A vexilloid has the same functions as a flag but it looks different. Vexilloids are characteristic of traditional societies and ancient empires (Flags did not come into general use until medieval times.).  A vexilloid consists of a staff held upright with a cloth banner that hangs down vertically on the staff and on top of the staff is an emblem, such as a carved animal.

Literature 
Whitney Smith, Flags Through the Ages and Across the World, 

Flags
Gorgon

In Greek mythology, the Gorgons were female monsters that had fangs and serpents for hair with bronze claws. They were the daughters of Phorkys and Keto. The serpents in their hair were special: Everyone who looked at them was turned to stone. There were three Gorgons, named Stheno, Euryale and Medusa. Only Medusa was mortal. She was beheaded by Perseus. Medusa's head was brought to Athena. There are many motives showing Athena with an aegis, and a Gorgon's head on her chest. 

Homer only talks about one Gorgon. Hesiod names all three, Stheno, the powerful one, Euryale,who could jump far, and trouble-ridden Medusa, the queen. According to Hesiod, they lived at the edge of the known world, in the Atlas Mountains. At a later time, Libya is also named as their home.

With Hellenism came the myth that the Gorgo was a sister of Alexander the Great. In this myth, she is a neck, a water spirit. The sailors of each passing boat are asked whether he is still alive. If they answer no, she takes the boat and the sailors into the water. The answer that saves the lives of the seamen is "Yes, and he reigns as a king" (). 

The heads of the Gorgons are often found on shields, capes and amulets. These were believed to be magic. The magic that is used against bad spirits and bad luck is known as apotropaic magic.

References

Greek legendary creatures
As the World Turns

As the World Turns (ATWT) is an American television soap opera that airs each weekday on CBS.

Set in the made-up town of Oakdale, Illinois, the show first went on TV on Monday, April 2, 1956 at 1:30pm EST. Before this show, all soaps were fifteen minutes in length; ATWT was the first half-hour soap opera.

At first, viewers were not excited about it, but ratings picked up in its second year, and reached the top spot in the daytime Nielsen Ratings by the fall of 1958. As the World Turns was the most-watched daytime drama from 1958 until 1978, with ten million people watching each day. At its height, the main actors such as Helen Wagner, Don MacLaughlin, Don Hastings, and Eileen Fulton became very well known in the United States.

The show went from black-and-white to color in the mid-1960s, with the final black-and-white episode shown on February 10, 1967. The show went from a half-hour in length to one hour starting on December 1, 1975. Also in 1975, they stopped doing the show live, and decided to tape it instead - that way, more than one episode could be taped in a day, and the actors would not have to work every day.

April 2, 2006 was the 50th anniversary of the soap opera on CBS. The show aired its 13,000th episode April 23, 2007; the 10,000th episode aired on May 12, 1995.  As the World Turns is well known for having been taped in New York City for all of its 52 years on television (43 years in Manhattan and nine years in Brooklyn).
On December 8, 2009, CBS announced that As the World Turns would air its last episode in September 2010. The series concluded on September 17, 2010.

References

Other websites 
ATWT Website 
Procter & Gamble Productions Forum 
CBS-TV: ATWT 
 "As the World Turns"  at Yahoo! TV
Soapdom: ATWT 
ATWT Information & Message Board

Soap Opera Network: ATWT
Soap Opera Network: ATWT Previews
ATWT Storyline Suggestions
As the World Turns (Dutch)  at RTL 4, Netherlands
Daytime Soap Operas As The World Turns- news, rumors, cast updates, polls
Official ATWT Dutch Fanclub
Full episodes of As the World Turns

CBS network shows
American drama television series
1956 television series debuts
2010 American television series endings
2000s American television series
Soap operas
English-language television programs
Mexican wolf

The Mexican wolf (Canis lupus baileyi), also known as the lobo, is a species of wolf. It is one of the rarest subspecies of the grey wolf. It was once native to southeastern Arizona, southern New Mexico, western Texas and northern Mexico. It is the smallest of North America's gray wolves.

Wolves
Live USB

A Live USB is a USB flash drive that contains a full operating system so it can serve as a boot device.

Related pages
List of tools to create Live USB systems
Windows To Go

Storage devices