cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Claribel Alegría

Clara Isabel Alegría Vides (May 12, 1924 – January 25, 2017) was a Nicaraguan poet, essayist, novelist, and journalist. She was a major voice in the literature of contemporary Central America. She wrote under the pseudonym Claribel Alegría. She was awarded the 2006 Neustadt International Prize for Literature. Her first book, Anillo de Silencio (Ring of Silence) was published in 1948. She retired in 2003.

Alegría later lived in Managua, Nicaragua. She died on 25 January 2018, aged 93.

References

1924 births
2018 deaths
Journalists
Nicaraguan people
Novelists
Poets
Big Dreams & High Hopes

Big Dreams & High Hopes is the fifth studio album by Jack Ingram. The album was released on August 25, 2009. It was his first new material in 2 years. It was produced by Big Machine Records. It debuted at #21 on Billboard's Top Country Albums Chart.

Critical reception
Allmusic reviewer Thom Jurek gave the album three-and-a-half stars out of five. He wrote "Big Dreams & High Hopes is the sound of contemporary country music and all of its tropes." He also said that most of the songs were well-written but not distinctive.

References 

2009 albums
From Paris with Love

From Paris with Love is a 2010 French action thriller movie. The movie is about an operative from the CIA who lives in Paris with his girlfriend. John Travolta plays Charlie Wax. Jonathan Rhys Meyers plays James Reese.

The reviews on the movie were mixed. This movie was released on February 5, 2010.

2010 thriller movies
2010s action thriller movies
English-language movies
French action movies
French thriller movies
British action movies
British thriller movies
American action thriller movies
Movies about terrorism
Movies set in Paris
Lionsgate movies
Movies directed by Pierre Morel
Sally Menke

Sally Menke (December 17, 1953 – September 27, 2010) was an American movie and television editor. She was editor for all Quentin Tarantino movies before her death. She also edited documentaries for CBS. 

She was born in Mineola, New York. She died from heat stress in Los Angeles, California.

References

American movie producers
People from New York
1953 births
2010 deaths
Editors
Mario Party Advance

is a party game in the Mario Party series. It was the seventh game in the Mario Party series, the first to be released on a handheld console. The game got mixed reviews, including a 54/100 from Metacritic  and a 1/10 from Eurogamer (who called the game "a dud").

References
 

2005 video games
Mario Party games
Game Boy Advance games
Game Boy Advance-only games
Trumpeter swan

The trumpeter swan (Cygnus buccinator) is the largest species of swan. It is found in North America.

References
   

 

Anatidae
Birds of North America
Ghulam Azam

Ghulam Azam (; 7 November 1922 – 23 October 2014) was the Ameer of Jamaat-e-Islami Bangladesh until 2000. Azam hated the idea of independence of Bangladesh during the 1971 Bangladesh Liberation War. Azam was convicted for war crimes in July 2013.

Azam died in Dhaka, Bangladesh from a stroke, aged 91.

References

1922 births
2014 deaths
Deaths from stroke
Muslim terrorists
People from Dhaka
Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami politicians
Bangladeshi Muslims
John Bramlett

John "the Bull" Bramlett (July 7, 1941 – October 23, 2014) was an American football linebacker. He played from 1965 to 1971 on four teams. They were the Denver Broncos, the Miami Dolphins and the Boston Patriots in the American Football League and the Patriots and the Atlanta Falcons in the National Football League . 

He was a two time AFL All-Star. Bramlett served as a minister before his death. Bramlett was born in Memphis, Tennessee.

Bramlett died on October 23, 2014, in Memphis, Tennessee, according to the Shelby County Mayor's Office, aged 73.

References

Other websites
 A quick timeline of Dolphins History  Retrieved March 7, 2006
 A biography of Bramlett  Retrieved March 7, 2006

1941 births
2014 deaths
New England Patriots players
Denver Broncos players
Atlanta Falcons players
Miami Dolphins players
Sportspeople from Memphis, Tennessee
Alvin Stardust

Bernard William Jewry (27 September 1942 – 23 October 2014), known as Alvin Stardust, was an English pop singer and stage actor. He first performed as Shane Fenton. He was best known for singles released in the 1970s and 1980s, including "My Coo Ca Choo", the UK Singles Chart-topper "Jealous Mind", and "I Feel Like Buddy Holly".

Stardust was born in Muswell Hill, London. He was raised in Mansfield, Nottinghamshire. He died in Ifold, West Sussex, England from prostate cancer, aged 72.

References

Other websites
 

1942 births
2014 deaths
Actors from London
Cancer deaths in England
Deaths from prostate cancer
English rock guitarists
English rock singers
English stage actors
Musicians from Nottinghamshire
Singers from London
Göran Johansson

Bengt Göran Lennart Johansson (31 August 1945 – 23 October 2014) was a Swedish politician. He was a member of the Swedish Social Democratic Party.

He was for many years, he served as the chairman (commissioner) of the Gothenburg Municipality Executive Board. With a working class background, he was a union leader at his workplace at SKF and later became the Social Democratic Party's "strong man" in Gothenburg. 

Johansson served as Mayor of Gothenberg from 1988 through 1991.

He was one of the best known politicians in Sweden. H has been voted as one of the most popular politicians. But he has also been criticized for an undemocratic leadership which has made several – especially female – politicians leave their assignments within the Social Democratic Party.

Johansson suffered from systemic lupus erythematosus, which caused his face to look swollen and red. He was nominated for the 2008 World Mayor award.

Johansson died on 23 October 2014 in Gothenburg Municipality at the age of 69.

References

Other websites
CityMayors profile

1945 births
2014 deaths
Swedish politicians
Mayors
Millas Mirakel

Millas Mirakel was a pop group in the town of Halmstad, Sweden. The group scored chart successes in Sweden during the late 1980s. One of their more famous songs were Rytmen av ett regn.

Discography

Albums
 1987 - Stillbilder
 1989 - Hög puls!

Singles
 1987 - Rytmen av ett regn / Nyfallen gloria
 1989 - Snälla flickor kommer till himmelen...vi andra kommer hur långt som helst / Tom ficka
 1989 - Ensam i september / Minnet av din kropp

References 

Swedish pop music groups
Miio

Miio is a teen pop group from Sweden. The group was established by the Tetrapop producer in 2003. The group scored chart successes in Sweden between 2003-2005.

The group originally consited of the girls Josefine Wahlsten and Linnéa Roxeheim In 2004 Linnéa left the group, and was replaced by 19 years old Mia. Mia appread on the group's second album.

Discography

Albums
På vårt sätt - 2003
Fever - 2004

Singles
När vi två blir en/När vi två blir en (instrumental) - 2003 (with Daddy Boastin')
Ska vi gå hem till dig/Ska vi gå hem till dig - 2003 (with Ayo on the A-side)
Girls Just Want to Have Fun/Girls Just Want to Have Fun (karaokeversion)/Girls Just Want to Have Fun (video) - 2004 (with Dita)
Once/So Emotional - 2005

References 

Musical groups established in 2003
Swedish pop music groups
Immanuel Nobel

Immanuel Nobel  (24 March 1801 – 3 September 1872), the younger, was a Swedish engineer and inventor. He was the inventor of the rotary lathe used in plywood manufacturing. He was the father of Robert Nobel, Ludvig Nobel and Alfred Nobel. He also often experimented with nitroglycerin with his sons.

Nobel moved to Russia from Sweden in 1838. This was to sell his inventions in St. Petersburg. He lived there for two decades with his family. Immanuel founded a successful war supplies factory. The end of the Crimean War in 1856 brought about a shift in Russian policies. Tsar Alexander II ordered a severe cut in the military budget. Immanuel's company lost money. In 1859, Immanuel returned to Sweden. He left his factory to his son Ludvig. In 1862 Immanuel's firm was finally sold by his creditors.

References 

1801 births
1872 deaths
Engineers
Inventors
Swedish scientists
Emoji

are symbols or smiley faces often used in text messages on a mobile phone or computer. They come in all shapes and sizes and can mean many things depending on when and how it is used. There are emoji for objects, places, emotions and much more. Emojis are normally used when people text each other. Examples include 😃😞😆😷💩. The first emojis were created in 1999 by Shigetaka Kurita. Later on, people began to put emojis on webpages and they became very popular outside Japan when they were added to Apple's iOS and Google's Android software.

In November 2016, a conference about emoji was held in San Francisco, California.

References

Other websites

 Emojipedia — Home of Emoji Meanings

Internet slang
Japanese culture
Foundation (engineering)

A foundation is the lowest part of a building. A building needs a strong foundation if it is to stand for a long time. A heavier building or softer soil needs a deeper foundation.

To make a foundation, engineers dig a trench in the ground. They dig until they reach solid ground. When the trench is deep enough, it is filled it with strong, hard material. Sometimes concrete is used. Concrete can be made stronger by putting long thin round pieces of steel into the trench. When the concrete dries, the steel ties the foundation together. We call this reinforced concrete. Once the foundation has been packed down tightly, or dried hard, construction can start.

Other websites

construction
Foundation (nonprofit)

A foundation is a kind of company set up to carry out charity or research work. A foundation is usually endowed, which means it is given a large sum of money to do its work.  Examples of foundations include the Rockefeller Foundation and the Wikimedia Foundation. The Rockefeller family made their money from banking and oil and their family foundation is endowed with a very great sum of money. The people running the foundation think of ways to use the money to help charities, the arts, or whatever they like.

Another example is the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. Bill Gates made a fortune from Microsoft. He and his wife now spend nearly all their time giving away the money he has made. They give it to projects like education in the United States and treating AIDS in Third World countries.

Other websites

Companies
Roman Josi

Roman Josi (born June 1, 1990) is a Swiss ice hockey defenceman. He currently plays for the Nashville Predators of the National Hockey League (NHL).

Playing career
Before playing in the NHL, Josi played 106 games with the SC Bern of the National League A (NLA). He also played 3 games with HC Neuchâtel of the National League B (NLB).

He was drafted with the 38th overall pick by the Nashville Predators in the 2008 NHL Entry Draft. On May 28, 2010, the Predators signed Josi to a three-year entry-level contract. On November 26, 2011, Josi made his NHL debut in a 4-1 loss against the Detroit Red Wings. On December 10, 2011, he scored his first NHL goal against Dan Ellis of the Anaheim Ducks.

Career statistics

Regular season and playoffs

All statistics taken from NHL.com

International

References

Other websites 
 

1990 births
American Hockey League players
Living people
Nashville Predators players
Swiss ice hockey players
People from Bern
Ice hockey defencemen
Habit (biology)

Habit in biology is about the shape or behaviour of animals and plants.

Botany
The way plants grow makes their shape of habit. This is the way we can tell trees apart even at a distance. The shape of a willow tree  or a poplar is very distinct. It is made during growth. Bacteria and fungi also have very distinct types of growth.

Trees are also examples of a life style when compared to shrubs and annual plants. To be a tree is to occupy a different space in the ecosystem from shrubs or climbers.

Zoology
In zoology, habit often refers to a specific behaviour of a species. For example:
 ...the [cat] was in the habit of springing upon the [door knocker] in order to gain admission...
 The spider monkey has an arboreal habit and rarely ventures onto the forest floor.
 The brittlestar has the habit of breaking off arms as a means of defence.

The 'mode of life' (or 'lifestyle') is sometimes referred to as the 'habit of an animal. Terms like motile or sessile, sedentary, free-living, parasitic, saprophyte, terrestrial, arboreal, aquatic,  pelagic, diurnal, nocturnal, are all modes of life or habits.

References

Biology
Jonas Hiller

Jonas Hiller (born February 12, 1982) is a Swiss ice hockey goaltender. He currently plays for the Calgary Flames of the National Hockey League (NHL). He has also played for the Anaheim Ducks, as well as HC Lausanne and HC Davos of the National League A (NLA).

Career
Before playing in the NHL, Hiller played 13 games for HC Lausanne and 3 seasons for HC Davos of the National League A (NLA). Hiller also won Switzerland's championship in 2002, 2005 and 2007, as well as the Spengler Cup in 2004 and 2006 with HC Davos. He was not drafted but he signed a contract with the Anaheim Ducks on May 25, 2007.

On September 30, 2007, Hiller made his NHL debut for the Anaheim Ducks defeating the Los Angeles Kings 4–1 in London, England. In his first season with the Ducks, Hiller recorded a 2.06 goals against average (GAA) and .926 save percentage in 23 games. On November 16, 2008, Hiller earned his first NHL shutout when the Ducks defeated the Los Angeles Kings 2–0.

Hiller was named as the Ducks starting goaltender for the 2009 NHL Playoffs. On April 16, 2009, he started in his first playoff and he recorded a shutout against the San Jose Sharks with 35 saves. The Ducks were able to eliminate the Sharks in six games but they were defeated by the Detroit Red Wings in seven games in the next round. On January 30, 2010, he signed a four-year extension with the Ducks going throughout the 2013–14 NHL season. In the 2012-13 NHL Season, Hiller was able to help the Ducks place 2nd overall in the Western Conference. In the 2013 Stanley Cup Playoffs, the Ducks were eliminated in the first round in a seven game series against the Detroit Red Wings for the second time in five years.

On July 1, 2014, Hiller decided to sign a two-year, $4.5 million per year contract as a free agent with the Calgary Flames.

References

Other websites 

1982 births
American Hockey League players
Anaheim Ducks players
Calgary Flames players
Living people
Swiss ice hockey players
Ice hockey goaltenders
Huskvarna Södra IS

Huskvarna Södra IS was established in 1930 and is a sports club in Huskvarna, Sweden. The club won the Swedish women's table tennis team championship in 1970 and 1972. The association football team played their home games at Hjärttorpsvallen near Tenhultsvägen. In 1987 the men's association football team merged with Husqvarna IF, leading to the establishment of Husqvarna FF.

The early 1970s saw the dawn of the club scoring women's association football successes., The team playing in the Swedish top division in 1978 and 1979.

References

Other websites
Huskvarna Södra IS table tennis section 

1930 establishments in Sweden
Swedish football clubs
Table tennis clubs in Sweden
Huskvarna
Habo IF

Habo IF is a sports club in Habo in Sweden. The club was established on 26 April 1926. It now only plays association football. The men's bandy team played in the Swedish second division and played the qualifying rounds for the Swedish top division three times during the 1940s. In 1944, the bandy team lost 3-6 against IFK Nässjö in the qualifying rounds. The bandy section was disestablished in 1998. The club has also competed in Athletics, handball, table tennis, cycling, racewalking, Nordic skiing, orienteering and gymnastics. It is the mother club of Erik Edman.

References

Other websites
Official website 

1926 establishments in Sweden
Bandy clubs in Sweden
Swedish football clubs
Habo
Habo Wolley

Habo Wolley is a volleyball club in Habo in Sweden. The club started in 1987. The men's team qualified for the Swedish top division, Elitserien, in 1998.

References

Other websites
Official website 

1987 establishments in Sweden
Volleyball clubs in Sweden
Habo
Apalachee people

The Apalachee were a Native American people who historically lived in the Florida Panhandle.

History 
The Apalachee occupied the site of Velda Mound starting about 1450 CE. They had left the area before the Spanish came in the 17th century. They first saw Spanish explorers in the 16th century. This is when the Hernando de Soto expedition arrived. They lived between the Aucilla River and Ochlockonee River, at the head of Apalachee Bay. This was an area known to Europeans as the Apalachee Province. 

The Spaniards had created Catholic missions throughout their province by the early 1600s. The Apalachee were farmers and noted warriors. By 1655 there were eight towns, each with a mission. In addition to the Spanish, each town had an Apalachee population of between 6,000–8000. The British with their Creek allies often raided the Apalachee and Spanish towns. In 1703 a British army and hundreds of Creek warriors attacked the territory. The Apalachee were nearly destroyed. The survivors, who numbered about 1400, dispersed. Over time many Apalachee mixed in with other groups, particularly the Creek Confederacy. Others found protection with the French in what is now Alabama and Louisanna. About 300 descendants in Rapides Parish, Louisiana, claim an Apalachee identity today.

Language 
The Apalachee spoke a Muskogean language called Apalachee. The language is now extinct.

References

Other websites 
 The Apalachees of Northwest Florida
 Apalachee Before European Contact

Native American people
Sylvain Viau

Sylvain Viau is a Canadian producer, executive producer, founder and head of Image Entertainment Corporation. His title is Chief Executive Officer and President. He is the co-creator of the Walter and Tandoori cartoon series. Viau lives in Montreal, Quebec.

Biography
Sylvain Viau has been the producer and executive producer of the Walter and Tandoori series. This includes the Walter & Tandoori's Christmas. His company has done a variety of co-production with Marathon Media in Paris. Viau is the executive producer of Totally Spies!, The Amazing Spiez!, Monster Buster Club, Team Galaxy and Martin Mystery. He served as a producer with Vincent Chalvon-Demersay and David Michel on The Amazing Spiez! and Monster Buster Club co-production Marathon and IEC television series. He was a co-producer on Totally Spies! co-production Marathon and IEC television series. In the Walter and Tandoori series he was a producer and executive producer. In the Walter's Christmas film he was a director and producer.

References

Canadian movie producers
Chief executives
Living people
Caltrop

Caltrops are spiked weapons used against men and horses since at least as early as Roman times. Later versions were designed to deflate automobile tires. They are a type of anti-personnel weapon, and anti-vehicular weapon. Japanese samurai used a similar weapon, the makibishi.

Iron caltrops were used as early as 331 BC at Gaugamela. They were known to the Romans as tribulus, meaning 'jagged iron'. They were used in the Battle of Carrhae in 51 BC.

The Roman writer Vegetius, discussed  scythed chariots in his De Re Militari:

In more modern times, they were used by both the Allies and Axis during World War II to puncture the tires of wheeled vehicles. Improvised caltrops, usually made of welded nails, have also been used occasionally by labor activists in the United States during strikes to destroy the tires of vehicles belonging to management and replacement workers. In the labor context, these devices are more often called jack rocks. A recent example of the use of jack rocks in labor disputes was in 2012, allegedly by two men on a picket line at an aluminum products plant in West Virginia.

References

Weapons
Mario Golf (video game)

is a sports video game made by Camelot Software for the Nintendo. The game got very good reviews, including 91% in favor on Metacritic  and 7.2 out of 10 from GameSpot.

References
 

1999 video games
Game Boy Color games
Nintendo 64 games
Mario sports games
Himno De Riego

"El Himno de Riego" is the anthem of the second Spanish Republic. It was named for of Colonel Rafael Del Riego. It was composed by José Melchor Gomis.

English lyrics
Serene and happy, brave and daring,
Let us sing, soldiers, the battle hymn.
Our voices shall astonish the world
Which will see on us the children of the Cid.

Soldiers, the country calls us to the fight.
Let us swear for her to succeed or to die.

Never saw the world more noble daring,
Nor any day greater valor was shown,
Than that, inflamed, we showed at the fire
Awaken in Riego the love of his land.

Soldiers, the country calls us to the fight.
Let us swear for her to conquer or to die.

The war trumpet echoes to the winds;
Affrighting the greedy, the cannon now roars.
at Mars, wrathful provokes the audacity
And the ingenuity of our nation.

Soldiers, the country calls us to the fight.
Let us swear for her to succeed or to die.

National anthems
Meaning

Meaning is a term in linguistics and philosophy. It is also a word in everyday life. The basic idea is this: meaning is the information which is sent by speech or messages. What that information is can be inferred by a listener or reader.

Meaning makes sense as part of a conversation between two or more people. The bits of a conversation, like questions and answers, suggestions and explanations, work to help the meaning get across. Requests and instructions are other types of communication which depend on meaning.

Although humans use language to carry meaning, non-verbal communication definitely has meaning. In fact it is far more ancient than human language, and interpreting its meaning is mostly done by the unconscious mind. Messages travel by scent and sight as well as sound. Humans do some of this as well as almost all animals. In humans, facial expressions and the sense of touch are very important. All these things have meaning.

Related pages 
Meaning of life
Semantics

Communication
Linguistics
Philosophy
Erica Sjöström

Erica Sjöström, born 30 June 1970 in Tierp, Sweden, is a Swedish female singer and saxophonist. Since 1999. she has been the singer in Swedish band the Drifters.

She begun her carrier in 1992 in the part-time band Manges orkester from Tierp. Manges participated at Svenska dansbandsmästerskapen in 1994 and 1996, reaching the finals.  

In 1999, she won the "Sångmicken" contest in Ekebo. She has been awarded five Guldklaven awards in Malung. She has been the prize personal as "wind musician of the year" and "singer of the year", She has also been awarded the award together with the other bandmembers of the Drifters, in the categories "band of the year" and "song of the year".

In 2010, she could also be heard performing a duet with Scotts recording the song "In a Moment Like This".

References 

1970 births
Living people
Saxophonists
Swedish singers
Reach for the Sky

Reach for the Sky is the eighth studio album by American southern rock band The Allman Brothers Band. The album was released in August 1980. It was first studio album without label Capricorn Records. It was the first studio album with new label Arista Records. 

1980 albums
Kim Anderzon

Kerstin Kristina Birgitta "Kim" Anderzon (20 March 1943 – 24 October 2014), was a Swedish actress. She starred on movies and theatre. Her daughter Anna Catharina Tintin Anderzon is also an actress. She won the award for Best Actress at the 19th Guldbagge Awards for her role in Second Dance. Along with Tomas Bolme, she co-hosted the 27th Guldbagge Awards.

Anderzon died of spinal cancer in Stockholm, Sweden, aged 71.

References

Other websites

1943 births
2014 deaths
Cancer deaths in Sweden
Deaths from spinal cancer
Swedish movie actors
Swedish stage actors
S. S. Rajendran

Sedapatti Suryanarayana Devar Rajendran, commonly known by his stage name S. S. Rajendran (SSR), (January 1928 – 24 October 2014) was an Indian movie actor, director, producer and politician. He was known for his roles in Parasakthi, Ratha Kanneer, Sivagangai Seemai, Aalayamani, and in Poompuhar.

Rajendran died in Chennai, India from a lung infection, aged 88.

References

Other websites
 Acting, the SSR Way in My Movie Minutes

1928 births
2014 deaths
Deaths from respiratory tract infection
Disease-related deaths in India
Indian movie actors
Indian movie directors
Indian movie producers
Tamil actors
Tamil Nadu politicians
Mbulaeni Mulaudzi

Mbulaeni Tongai Mulaudzi (8 September 1980 – 24 October 2014) was a South African middle distance runner, and the 2009 world champion in the men's 800 metres. 

He carried the flag at the opening ceremony of the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece. He later won a silver medal for the 800m there. He was born in Muduluni, Transvaal Province. He became South Africa's first black athlete to be ranked number one in the world.

Mulaudzi died in a car crash on 24 October 2014 at the age of 34 in Mpumalanga.

References

1980 births
2014 deaths
Olympic silver medalists
Road accident deaths
South African sportspeople
Joan Quigley

Joan Quigley (April 10, 1927 – October 23, 2014), was an American astrologer. She was best known for her astrological advice to Nancy and Ronald Reagan during the 1980s. Quigley was born in Kansas City, Missouri.

She was called on by First Lady Nancy Reagan in 1981 after John Hinckley's attempted assassination of the president. She stayed on as the White House astrologer in secret until being revealed in 1988 by former chief of staff Donald Regan.

Quigley died after a short illness on October 23, 2014 in San Francisco, California, aged 87.

References

1927 births
2014 deaths
American esotericists
Astrologers
Disease-related deaths in San Francisco
Businesspeople from Kansas City, Missouri
Flag of South Africa

The national flag of South Africa was adopted in April 1994. It was designed by Frederick Brownell in March 1994.

Appearance 
It has horizontal bands of red (on the top) and blue (on the bottom), It is separated by a central green band which splits into a horizontal "Y" shape.

History

References

South Africa
1994 establishments in South Africa
Wikipedia Monument

The Wikipedia Monument () is a statue designed by Armenian sculptor Mihran Hakobyan honoring Wikipedia contributors. It is located in Słubice, Poland. 

The fiber and resin sculpture cost about 50,000 złotys (about $14,000; 12,000 euros). It was funded by Słubice regional authorities. It was unveiled in Frankfurt Square (Plac Frankfurcki) on 22 October 2014 in a ceremony that included representatives from both local Wikimedia chapters and the Wikimedia Foundation.

Other websites

 Press release: First-ever Wikipedia Monument unveiled in Poland, Wikimedia Foundation

Wikipedia
Statues
John Marshall Harlan II

John Marshall Harlan (May 20, 1899 – December 29, 1971) was an American jurist. He served as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court from 1955 to 1971. His namesake was his grandfather John Marshall Harlan, another associate justice who served from 1877 to 1911.

Harlan died of spinal cancer in Washington, D.C., aged 72.

References

Other websites

1899 births
1971 deaths
Deaths from spinal cancer
Cancer deaths in Washington, D.C.
American judges
Lawyers from Chicago
Politicians from Chicago
Spinal tumor

Spinal tumors is a form of tumor that grows in the spinal cord. Extradural tumors are more common than intradural neoplasms.

Forms
Depending on their location, the spinal cord tumors can be:
 Extradural - outside the dura mater lining (most common)
 Intradural - part of the dura
 Intramedullary - inside the spinal cord
Extramedullary- inside the dura, but outside the spinal cord

Notable cases
 Dan Haggerty, American actor
 John Houseman, British actor
 John Marshall Harlan II, American judge
 Kim Anderzon, Swedish actress
 Ravi Zacharias, Indian-born Canadian-American apologist
 Big Bully Busick, American professional wrestler

References

Cancer
Emmett Brown

Dr. Emmett Lathrop "Doc" Brown, Ph.D., is a fictional character in the Back to the Future trilogy. He is the inventor of the first time machine. He builds it out of a DeLorean sports car. 

The character is played by Christopher Lloyd in all three movies, as well as in the live action sequences of the animated series. He is voiced by Dan Castellaneta in the animated series. The character's appearance and actions are loosely inspired by Leopold Stokowski and Albert Einstein. In 2008, Dr. Emmett Brown was selected by Empire magazine as one of The 100 Greatest Movie Characters of All Time, ranking at #76. 

Lloyd played Brown once again in Seth MacFarlane's 2014 comedy western movie, A Million Ways to Die in the West.

References

Back to the Future characters
Fictional American people
Fictional characters introduced in 1985
Movie characters
Marty McFly

Martin Seamus "Marty" McFly is a fictional character in the Back to the Future trilogy. He is the series' protagonist and is played by actor Michael J. Fox. Marty also appears in the animated series, where he was voiced by David Kaufman. 

In the videogame by Telltale Games, he is voiced by A.J Locascio. In 2008, Marty McFly was selected by Empire magazine as the 39th Greatest Movie Character of All Time. Eric Stoltz was originally cast as Marty McFly, but after five weeks of shooting scenes for the first movie, director Robert Zemeckis and executive producer Steven Spielberg chose to re-cast the role to Fox.

References

Back to the Future characters
Fictional American people
Fictional characters introduced in 1985
Movie characters
Michael J. Fox
Back to the Future Part II

Back to the Future Part II is a 1989 American science fiction movie directed by Robert Zemeckis and written by Bob Gale. It is the second movie for the Back to the Future trilogy. It stars Michael J. Fox, Christopher Lloyd, Thomas F. Wilson and Lea Thompson.

Plot
At the end of the Back to the Future, 1985 Doc uses the time machine to travel thirty years in 2015. At the beginning, Doc comes back from the future to 1985 to take 17 year old Marty and his girlfriend Jennifer to 2015 to prevent a disaster with his son Marty Junior.  The problem with Marty Jr. is solved, but 17 year old Marty creates another problem that changes events in 1955.  They discover this when they go back to 1985.  The change in 1955 has turned 1985 into a bad world. Doc and Marty return to 1955 to undo the damage. At the end of the movie, the vehicle is struck by lighting and Doc is sent to 1885.

Cast
Michael J. Fox as Marty McFly, Marty McFly, Jr. and Marlene McFly
Christopher Lloyd as Dr. Emmett "Doc" Brown
Thomas F. Wilson as Biff Tannen and Griff
Lea Thompson as Lorraine Baines-McFly
Elisabeth Shue as Jennifer Parker
James Tolkan as Mr. Strickland
Jeffrey Weissman as George McFly
Flea as Douglas J. Needles
Crispin Glover as George McFly (archival footage)

Release dates

References

Other websites

1989 comedy movies
1980s adventure movies
1980s science fiction movies
1980s teen comedy movies
Alternate history movies
American sequel movies
Back to the Future movies

Movies set in the future
Universal Pictures movies
Movies directed by Robert Zemeckis
Movies about time travel
Back to the Future Part III

Back to the Future Part III is a 1990 American science fiction Western movie directed by Robert Zemeckis. It is the third and final movie for the Back to the Future trilogy. It stars Michael J. Fox, Christopher Lloyd, Mary Steenburgen, Thomas F. Wilson, Crispin Glover and Lea Thompson.

Plot
A lightning bolt sends 1985 Doc and the time machine from 1955 back to 1885. Marty finds the time machine where Doc hid it. He soon finds out that the Doc is shot by Buford 'Mad Dog' Tannen and goes back to 1885 to save Doc.

Cast
 Michael J. Fox as Marty McFly and Seamus McFly
 Christopher Lloyd as Dr. Emmett "Doc" Brown
 Mary Steenburgen as Clara Clayton
 Thomas F. Wilson as Buford "Mad Dog" Tannen and Biff Tannen
 Lea Thompson as Maggie McFly and Lorraine Baines-McFly
 James Tolkan as Marshal James Strickland
 Elisabeth Shue as Jennifer Parker
 Matt Clark as Chester the Bartender
 Flea as Douglas J. Needles
 Richard Dysart as Barbwire Salesman

Release dates

References

Other websites

 
 
 
 

1990 comedy movies
1990s adventure movies
1990 science fiction movies
1990s sequel movies
1990s teen comedy movies
American sequel movies
Back to the Future movies
Movies set in the 19th century
Universal Pictures movies
Movies directed by Robert Zemeckis
Movies about time travel
Biff Tannen

Biff Howard Tannen is a fictional character in the Back to the Future trilogy. Thomas F. Wilson plays Biff in all three movies as well as the Universal Studios ride, and voiced the character in the animated series.

Biff is the series' antagonist. He is a tall, mean, violent bully who gets what he wants by bullying others into doing his work for him, or by cheating. He and his family members usually misuse idioms in a way that makes them sound foolish and doesn't sound like an insult.

Back to the Future characters
Fictional American people
Fictional characters introduced in 1985
Movie characters
Thomas F. Wilson

Thomas Francis "Tom" Wilson Jr. (born April 15, 1959) is an American actor, writer, musician, painter, voice-over artist, comedian, and podcaster. He played Biff Tannen, Griff Tannen and Buford "Mad Dog" Tannen in the Back to the Future trilogy, and Coach Ben Fredricks on NBC's Freaks and Geeks.

Animated television

References

Other websites
 
 Tom Wilson's Big Pop Fun
 Official blog
 
 
 
 
 Interview with Tom Wilson at Scene Missing Magazine

1959 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
American painters
American screenwriters
Actors from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Writers from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Musicians from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
James Tolkan

James Stewart Tolkan (born June 20, 1931) is an American actor. He is often cast as a strict, overbearing, bald-headed authority figure. He is known for his role as Mr. Strickland in all three of Back to the Future movie series; Back to the Future, Back to the Future Part II, and in Back to the Future Part III.

References

Other websites
 
 
 Tolkan Donates Scripts, Memorabilia To UNA

1931 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
Actors from Michigan
Zamora Cathedral

Zamora Cathedral is a Roman Catholic cathedral in Zamora, Spain. It was built in the middle of the 12th century. King Alfonso VII of León and Castile sponsored the construction. The cathedral was built mostly in the Romanesque architectural style. It also has Byzantine influences. It is built on the Latin cross floor plan. Its last bell was built in 1805.

References

Other websites 
 Photos
 Monuments in Zamora, Spain: Catedral de Zamora 

Roman Catholic Cathedrals
V-Rally 2

V-Rally 2 is a racing video game. It is the sequel to V-Rally for the PlayStation. It is known in America as Need for Speed: V-Rally 2 and in Europe as V-Rally 2 Championship Edition. The Dreamcast version is known as Test Drive V-Rally in America.

Reviews

The game got very good reviews. IGN gave it a 8.5/10 for its graphics and sound effects.

Sequel
A sequel with title V-Rally 3 has been release for PlayStation 2, release in Europe on 2002, and North America on sale March 25, 2003.

References
 

1999 video games
Need for Speed games
PlayStation games
Windows games
Dreamcast games
Racing video games
Video game sequels
Duke of Marlborough (title)

Duke of Marlborough is a title in the Peerage of England. It was created by Queen Anne in 1702 for John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough. The name of the dukedom refers to Marlborough in Wiltshire. It is the only current dukedom in the Peerages of England, Great Britain or the United Kingdom that can pass to a woman and through a woman. The family have long been involved with the politics of the day. They are also famous for their traditional home which is Blenheim Palace. This is the only non-royal palace in the United Kingdom. The family still live at the palace. The duke is entitled to the style of address of Your Grace.

List of Dukes

 John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough. (1650–1722), soldier and statesman.
 Henrietta Godolphin, 2nd Duchess of Marlborough (1681–1733), eldest daughter of the 1st Duke, succeeded her father by Act of Parliament (1706).
 Charles Spencer, 3rd Duke of Marlborough (1706–1758).
 George Spencer, 4th Duke of Marlborough (1739–1817), elder son of the 3rd Duke.
 George Spencer-Churchill, 5th Duke of Marlborough (1766–1840), elder son of the 4th Duke.
 George Spencer-Churchill, 6th Duke of Marlborough (1793–1857), eldest son of the 5th Duke.
 John Winston Spencer-Churchill, 7th Duke (1822–1883), eldest son of the 6th Duke and paternal grandfather of Winston Churchill.
 George Charles Spencer-Churchill, 8th Duke (1844–1892), eldest son of the 7th Duke.
 Charles Richard John Spencer-Churchill, 9th Duke (1871–1934), only son of the 8th Duke.
 John Albert William Spencer-Churchill, 10th Duke (1897–1972), elder son of the 9th Duke.
 John George Vanderbilt Henry Spencer-Churchill, 11th Duke (1926–2014), elder son of the 10th Duke.
 Charles James Spencer-Churchill, 12th Duke (b. 1955), eldest surviving son of the 11th Duke.

The heir apparent to the Dukedom is George Spencer-Churchill, Marquess of Blandford (b. 1992). He is the eldest son of the 12th Duke.

References 

English Dukes
Jeff Bagwell

Jeff Bagwell (born May 27, 1968) is a retired Major League Baseball player. He played for the Houston Astros. He was born in Boston, Massachusetts.

1968 births
Houston Astros players
Living people
National League All-Stars
Sportspeople from Boston, Massachusetts
Tha Doggfather

Tha Doggfather is the second studio album by Snoop Doggy Dogg. The album sold two million copies. The singles released were "Snoop's Upside Your Head" and "Doggfather"

This album was released on November 12, 1996.

1996 albums
Snoop Dogg albums
Pamhagen

Pamhagen is a small village in Austria. It is located in the northern part of the state Burgenland. The population is 1641 (1st January 2014).

References

Settlements in Burgenland
Curtie and the Boombox

Curtie and the Boombox was Duch pop group. The group scoring chart successes during the mid 1980s. Famous songs recorded by the group are Black Kisses (Never Make You Blue) and Let's Talk it over in the Ladies Room.

Discography

Albums
Black Kisses - 1985
Curtie and the Boombox - 1985

Singles and EP records
Let's Talk it over in the Ladies Room - 1984   
Black Kisses (Never Make You Blue) - 1985
Chinchilla - 1985
A Bachelor's Bed (Is A Dangerous Place) - 1985
Killing Love - 1986

References

Other websites
Discogs

Dutch musical groups
Tha Last Meal

Tha Last Meal is the fifth studio album from rapper Snoop Dogg. Several singles were released off this album. One of them was "(Snoop Dogg) What's My Name Part 2".

This album was released on December 19, 2000.

2000 albums
Snoop Dogg albums
Korat

The Korat is a natural breed of cat. It is also one of the oldest cat breeds. It first lived in Thailand. It is named after a province named "Korat" by the local people. The Korat is known as one of the "good luck cats".

Appearance 
The Korat is a blue-gray colour with a small to medium stocky or "cobby" body. It can be surprisingly heavy for its size. It is intelligent, active, playful and likes to be with people. It has a heart-shaped head and large green eyes.

The Korat's colour is actually a silver blue that looks like it is shimmering. The people of Thailand call the colour "rain-cloud gray," and the shimmer "sea foam." This cat has one coat of fur that is short. The roots of the fur are a lighter silver blue. The colour along the fur increases to deeper blue and the tips are silver, especially on the muzzle and toes. This is the only colour allowed for a Korat.  The eyes are large and peridot green in an adult cat. Kittens have amber or golden-green eyes which gradually change as they become adults, at two to four years.  

Korats may rarely have some white markings or spots, or even pale gray stripes. Sometimes these spots increase in size as the cat gets older.  These are flaws in the colour, and these cats are not allowed in cat shows. Even though the colour is wrong, they are still healthy cats.

History 
The first time the Korat breed was written about in books was in a poem written in Thailand, between 1350 and 1767 AD. The book is now in the national library in Bangkok. But the drawing of the Korat in this book did not have enough detail to positively say it is this breed. In more recent years, the Korat was pictured on a postage stamp in Thailand. 

A Korat cat first appeared in Britain with the name "Blue Siamese" in 1889 and 1896. But these solid blue cats did not meet the cat show standards for a Siamese cat, so they disappeared by 1901. 

In the United States, a Korat first appeared in the 1950s. In 1959, Cedar Glen cattery was the first to import a pair of Korats to the U.S. for breeding. They were a male named Nara and a female named Darra. In 1966, the Korat was first allowed to be shown for championship status, by a breeder from Maryland.

References

Other websites 
 
 Korat and Thai Registration policy 

Cat breeds
The Chronic

The Chronic is the first studio album from Dr. Dre. Snoop Doggy Dogg performs on the album. The album is named for a slang term for high-grade marijuana. It was released on Dre's Death Row Records. The album included the single "Let Me Ride".

The album got to #3 on the Billboard 200 in the United States. It sold about three million records. 

It was released on December 15, 1992.

Hip hop albums
G-funk albums
1992 albums
Guido Gezelle

Guido Gezelle (1 May 1830 – 27 November 1899) was a Roman Catholic priest from Belgium. He was also a writer, translator and poet.

Gezelle was born and died in Bruges. He became priest in 1854.

Gezelle's parents were Pieter Jan Gezelle and Monica Devrieze. He was an uncle of the Flemish writer Stijn Streuvels.

Gezelle is still famous now for his translation of The Song of Hiawatha by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow.

Bibliography 
Kerkhofblommen (1858)
Vlaemsche Dichtoefeningen (1858)
Kleengedichtjes (1860)
Gedichten, Gezangen en Gebeden (1862)
Longfellows Song of Hiawatha (translation, 1886)
Tijdkrans (1893)
Rijmsnoer (1897)
Laatste Verzen (1901)

1830 births
1899 deaths
Belgian poets
Belgian priests
Belgian Roman Catholics
Belgian writers
People from Bruges
Translators
New Play Control!

was a series of Nintendo GameCube games re-released for the Nintendo Wii. They were remade with Wii controls, and a 16:9 aspect ratio (instead of 4:3). Only 6 New Play Control games were released (7 in Japan).

Games
 Chibi-Robo! – Japan only 
 Donkey Kong Jungle Beat 
 Mario Power Tennis 
 Metroid Prime 
 Metroid Prime 2: Echoes  
 Pikmin 
 Pikmin 2 
Note: Metroid Prime and Metroid Prime 2 were not available by themselves outside of Japan.

References

Wii
Reyhaneh Jabbari

Reyhaneh Jabari (Persian: ریحانه جباری c. 1988 - October 25, 2014) was a Iranian woman convicted of murdering a former intelligence officer, Morteza Abdolali Sarbandi, in Iran. She said she killed Sarbandi because he was sexually assaulting her.

She was in prison from 2007 until her execution by hanging in October 2014 for killing Sarbandi.  She published her story about what happened to her in prison. Her lawyer published her story in his blog.

Jabbari was executed by hanging on 25 October 2014 at dawn at the Gohardasht Prison, north of Karaj, aged 26.

References

1988 births
2014 deaths
Activists
Iranian writers
Murderers
People executed by hanging
Lorenzo Albacete

Monsignor Lorenzo Albacete (January 7, 1941 – October 24, 2014) was an American theologian, Roman Catholic priest, scientist and author. A New York Times Magazine contributor, Albacete was one of the leaders in the United States for the international Catholic movement Communion and Liberation. He was the Chairman of the Board of Advisors of Crossroads Cultural Center. Albacete was born in Puerto Rico.

Albacete died in Yonkers, New York, aged 73.

References

1941 births
2014 deaths
Puerto Rican people
American theologians
American Roman Catholics
Scientists from New York
Writers from New York
XQuartz

XQuartz is software made by Apple Inc. It takes a not-specific-to-Mac program – one that is compatible with a standard called X Window System or "X11" – and allows it to be displayed on the Mac.  The functionality is only limited to the actual Graphical User Interface the user sees, nothing more.

MacOS
Apple software
1,000,000,000

1,000,000,000 is the natural number after 999,999,999 and before 1,000,000,001. In the short scale, it is called one billion, but in the long scale, it is called one thousand million or one milliard (or yard). One billion can also be written as b or bn.

References 

1000000000
Jack Bruce

John Symon Asher "Jack" Bruce (14 May 1943 – 25 October 2014) was a Scottish musician and composer. He was known as a founder member of the British psychedelic rock power trio, Cream, in the late 1960s.  Whilst in the band, Bruce played a fretless bass guitar.

Bruce died on 25 October 2014 from liver disease in Suffolk, England, aged 71.

References

Other websites

Original Smiles & Grins Jack Bruce Club 

1943 births
2014 deaths
Deaths from liver disease
Scottish rock musicians
Bassists
André Piters

André Piters (18 January 1931 – 23 October 2014) was a Belgian footballer. He played as a striker. Piters played club football for Standard Liège and Olympic de Charleroi. He earned a total of 23 caps for Belgium between 1955 and 1961, four of which came in FIFA World Cup qualifying matches.

Piters died on 23 October 2014 in Brussels, Belgium, aged 83.

References

1931 births
2014 deaths
Belgian footballers
People from Liège (province)
Patricia Roc

Patricia Roc (7 June 1915 – 30 December 2003), born Felicia Miriam Ursula Herold, was a British movie actress. She was popular in the Gainsborough melodramas such as Madonna of the Seven Moons (1945) and The Wicked Lady (1945). She only made one movie in Hollywood, Canyon Passage (1946).  

She also appeared in Millions Like Us (1943), Jassy (1945), The Brothers (1947) and When the Bough Breaks (1947).

Affair with Ronald Reagan
She met Ronald Reagan over lunch in 1945. They had an intense affair. Reagan, at the time, was married to Jane Wyman. Reagan wanted to marry her, but their relationship ended in 1947. Before her death, she kept a picture of Reagan and herself in the drawing-room of her Swiss home at ­Minusio, overlooking Lake Maggiore. It showed them gazing deeply into each other’s eyes.

Death
Roc died of kidney failure in her home in Locarno, Switzerland, aged 88.

References

Other websites

1915 births
2003 deaths
Deaths from renal failure
British movie actors
Actors from London
Hugo Carvana

Hugo Carvana (4 June 1937 – 4 October 2014) was a Brazilian movie and television actor and director. He appeared in 65 movie since 1955. He was known for his roles in Entranced Earth and in Antonio das Mortes. He was also known for directing Casa da Mãe Joana.

Carvana died of an illness in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, aged 77.

References

Other websites

1937 births
2014 deaths
Brazilian movie actors
Brazilian television actors
People from Rio de Janeiro
Andrea de Cesaris

Andrea de Cesaris (31 May 19595 October 2014) was an Italian racing driver. He started 208 Formula One Grands Prix but never won, holding the record for the longest career without a race victory. 

He was in many car accidents during his career. That earned him the nickname "Andrea de Crasheris". He became known for being very fast but also wild. The nickname stuck, though he went on to become a calmer, more mature driver in his later career. In 2005 and 2006 he competed in the Grand Prix Masters formula for retired F1 drivers.

de Cesaris died on 5 October 2014 after losing control of his motorcycle on Rome's Grande Raccordo Anulare motorway, aged 55.

References

1959 births
2014 deaths
Deaths in sport
Italian racecar drivers
Sportspeople from Rome