cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Artur Schnabel

Artur Schnabel (April 17, 1882 – August 15, 1951) was an Austrian classical pianist, composer and teacher. He was one of the best pianists of the twentieth century. He was a very serious pianist. He did not try to impress people by playing fast or loud. He was most famous for playing music by Mozart and Beethoven and Schubert.

The place where Schnabel was born was called Kunzendorf. It was near a town that was called Bielitz, in Austria-Hungary. Now Kunzendorf is called Lipnik, and Bielitz is called Bielsko-Biała, and it is in Poland. When he was two years old his family moved to Vienna. He started to play the piano when he was four. When he was nine he started to take piano lessons with the famous teacher Theodore Leschetizsky. He studied with Leschetizsky for seven years, until 1897. He also studied music theory and composition with Eusebius Mandyczewski. He gave his first concert in Vienna in 1897. After that he played more concerts in Budapest and Prague and Brno.

Schnabel moved to Berlin in 1898. He started to be famous from concerts with the Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra and from playing chamber music. He liked playing chamber music and he played it for all his life. Some of the famous musicians he played chamber music with were Carl Flesch, Joseph Szigeti and Bronislaw Huberman (violin), Paul Hindemith (viola), and Pablo Casals, Gregor Piatigorsky and Pierre Fournier (cello). He also played piano for the contralto singer Therese Behr (1876-1959). In 1905 he married her. They had two sons. Karl Ulrich Schnabel (1909-2001) was a pianist and Stefan Schnabel (1912-99) was an actor.

In 1933 Adolf Hitler became the leader of Germany, and Schnabel, who was Jewish, moved to England. He moved to the United States in 1939. After the end of World War II he went back to Europe. He gave concerts there and in the United States for the rest of his life. He died in Axenstein, Switzerland, in 1951.

References

Other websites

1882 births
1951 deaths
German composers
Classical musicians
List of WWE alumni

This is a list of professional wrestlers, managers and other workers that were employed in World Wrestling Entertainment from:
 1952–1963 (as the Capitol Wrestling Corporation)
 1963–1979 (as the World Wide Wrestling Federation)
 1979–2002 (as the World Wrestling Federation)
 2002–2011 (as World Wrestling Entertainment)
 2011-present (as WWE)

Alumni

Died while under contract

Related pages
 List of World Wrestling Entertainment employees

References

Other websites
 WWE alumni at WWE.com
 WWE alumni by decade at onlineworldofwrestling.com

Lists of professional wrestlers
Recognition signal

A recognition signal is a signal where a person, a ship, an airplane or something else is recognized. They can be used during war or can be used to help the police recognize each other during undercover operations. It can also be used in biology to signal that a molecule or chemical is to be bound to another molecule.

Recognition in war
These signals are often used to recognize friends and enemies in a war. For military use these signals often use colored lights or the International marine signal flags

Recognition of police
Other uses of the signal include the police who sometimes use a recognition signal so that officers in uniform can recognize officers in normal clothing (undercover). The NYPD often use headbands, wristbands or colored clothing as recognition signals which are known as the "color of the day".

Recognition in biology
A recognition signal is also a chemical signal used in biology to signal the end of a section of DNA or RNA during gene  in cells.

Related pages
Signal
Communication
Enrique Peña Nieto
International Code of Signals

Notes

Other websites

 Signalman manual 

Communication
Biology
Military terminology
New York City Police Department

The New York City Police Department (NYPD), started in 1844, is the largest police force in the United States,. It is the police force that serves  the five boroughs of New York City. The NYPD was one of the first "modern" style police departments in the United States with the Boston Police Department. The NYPD uses a color of the day to allow uniformed officers to recognize undercover officers to prevent accidental shootings.

Street Crimes Unit 
The New York Police Department's Street Crime Unit (motto: "We Own The Night") was a 300+ member plain clothes unit for reducing crime that became well known after the 1999 killing of Amadou Diallo.  The four officers who did the killing were all members of the unit. The unit was ended in 2002 because of the Diallo shooting.  The unit's last leader was Inspector Bruce H. Smolka, who was later made Assistant Chief. The Street Crime Unit is now replaced by local precinct Anti-Crime Units.
All of the officers were found not guilty of the criminal charges in a long trial that took place in Albany after a successful request to change the location of the trial from the Bronx, where the shooting happened.

The Street Crime Unit was started in 1971 and had a long history of success in catching armed criminals on NYC streets. The establishment of the Street Crime Unit led to the development of the color of the day undercover officer recognition system.

References

Other websites 
 NYPD Homepage
The NYPD Diaspora, City Journal, Summer 2008
 On the Front Line in the War on Terrorism, City Journal, Summer 2007
 NYPD-Badges 
 NYPD-Current Badges
 Auxiliary Police Benevolent Association
 Unofficial School Safety Myspace Page
 Full listing of NYPD Officers who have been killed in the line of duty 
 NYCPR and COPP NYC police misconduct organizations
 NY Daily News March 12, 2007 
 From database to crime scene: Network is potent police weapon, by Thomas Lueck, New York Times, June 7, 2007
 AM New York, December 8, 2006 
 Google Earth NYPD Car Model
 Site with instruments used by Stephen Hasbrouck, First Surgeon General of the Department *Homepage for the Civilian Complaint Review Board, the only official Civilian Oversight of Police Misconduct in NYC
 Collection of NYPD-Badges and Informations about the NYPD 

Law enforcement in New York City
Law enforcement agencies of the United States
1845 establishments in the United States
1840s establishments in New York (state)
Undercover

Being undercover means that a person is wearing normal clothing and is hiding their identity from people. It is often used by police officers when they are investigating crimes or criminals. It is done to gain trust and also possibly to gather evidence. It is not the same as a police officer who is wearing normal clothing (a plain-clothes officer) but who is not hiding their real name and that they are a police officer.

Related pages
Secret police

Criminal investigation
28978 Ixion

28978 Ixion is a Kuiper belt object that was found on 22 May, 2001. Ixion is a plutino (an object that has a 2:3 orbital resonance with Neptune) and could be a dwarf planet. Astronomers think that it has a diameter of about 800 km, which makes it the third biggest plutino. It is named after Ixion, a figure from Greek mythology. Before it was named Ixion, it had the provisional designation .

References 

Possible dwarf planets
Kuiper belt objects
New York City Transit Police

The New York City Transit Police Department, that was started in 1953, was a transit police department for the New York City Subway and bus lines. It became part of the NYPD in 1995 as the Transit Bureau of the New York City Police Department by decision of New York City Mayor Rudolph W. Giuliani.

Transit police in movies
The New York City Transit Police were made famous in movies such as:
 The Taking of Pelham One Two Three
 Money Train
 Die Hard 3

Related pages
Amtrak Police
British Transport Police
New Jersey Transit Police Department
Metropolitan Transportation Authority Police
Port Authority Police Department
Transit police
TTC Special Constable Services
Color of the day (police)

References

Other websites
 New York City Police Department Transit Bureau 

Law enforcement in New York City
Transport in New York City
Law enforcement agencies of the United States
1953 establishments in the United States
1950s establishments in New York (state)
1995 disestablishments in the United States
1990s disestablishments in New York (state)
New York City Housing Authority Police Department

The New York City Housing Authority Police Department was a police unit in New York City that existed from 1952 to 1995. The Housing Police, as well as New York City Transit Police, became part of the New York City Police Department in 1995 by order of New York City Mayor Rudolph W. Giuliani and is now called the Housing Bureau.

Related pages
New York City Transit Police
Color of the day (police)

Other websites
NYPD Homepage

Law enforcement in New York City
Law enforcement agencies of the United States
1952 establishments in the United States
1950s establishments in New York (state)
1995 disestablishments in the United States
1990s disestablishments in New York (state)
Metropolitan Transportation Authority Police

The Metropolitan Transportation Authority Police, or MTA Police, is the police force of New York's Metropolitan Transportation Authority local railroad, or MTA.  Officers of the MTA Police are full police officers in New York State and in the state of Connecticut. The force was started in 1998.

Related pages 
Metropolitan Transportation Authority
New York City Police Department
Color of the day (police)

Other websites
MTA Police Overtime Adding Up
MTA Police-A Consolidated Force 
Request for Information Form
TransitCop.com

Law enforcement in New York
Transport in New York
Transport in Connecticut
Law enforcement agencies of the United States
1998 establishments in the United States
1990s establishments in New York (state)
20th-century establishments in Connecticut
Sidney Crosby

Sidney Patrick Crosby, ONS (born August 7, 1987 in Cole Harbour, Nova Scotia) is a Canadian professional ice hockey centre. He currently plays for the Pittsburgh Penguins of the National Hockey League (NHL) where he serves as their captain. He was the top pick in the 2005 draft. In his second season, he won the Art Ross Trophy. His nickname is Sid the Kid.

Crosby has won the Stanley Cup three times, all with the Penguins. He first won it in 2009 and again in 2016 and 2017.

He got the game-winning goal for Canada in the 2010 Winter Olympics in overtime against the USA and in doing so won the team the gold medal.

Awards 
The Maurice 'Rocket' Richard Trophy (tied with Steven Stamkos) in 2010 

In both 2016 and 2017, he won the Conn Smythe Trophy as the Most Valuable Player (MVP) of the playoffs.

References

Other websites

 

1987 births
Art Ross Trophy winners
Canadian ice hockey centres
Canadian Olympic gold medalists
Hart Memorial Trophy winners
Ice hockey people from Nova Scotia
Living people
Medalists at the 2010 Winter Olympics
Medalists at the 2014 Winter Olympics
Pittsburgh Penguins players
Rimouski Océanic players
Rocket Richard Trophy winners
People from Nova Scotia
Stanley Cup champions
Metropolis

A metropolis is a word that means a very big city, that usually has over 500,000 people living in it. A metropolis often has many smaller towns and cities inside its area. The word is very old and began in Greece.

In a broader sense, it refers to the city or state of origin of a colony (as of ancient Greece), a city regarded as a center of a specified activity, or a large important city.

Old Uses

In the past many large cities were called a metropolis due to their size or importance; such as: Alexandria, Angkor, Antioch, Athens, Babylon, Baghdad, Beirut, Benares, Byblos, Cahokia, Carthage, Constantinople, Corinth, Damascus, Dholavira, Ephesus, Great Zimbabwe, Harappa, Jerusalem, Kangla, Leptis Magna, Nanjing, Nineveh, Macchu Picchu, Mohenjo-Daro, Rome, Sarai, Side, Siracuse, Tenochtitlan, Teotihuacan, Tikal, Tyre, Xian and Ur.

Modern Metropolises
The modern metropolises are increasing day by day in this world since pre-21st century.

Africa

North America

Middle America

South America

Eastern Asia

Southern Asia

Southeastern Asia

Western and Central Asia

Europe

Central Europe

Eastern Europe

Northern Europe

Southern Europe

Western Europe

Oceania

Related pages
Megacity

References

 Allen J. Scott (ed.) Global City Regions: Trends, Theory, Policy, Oxford University Press (2001).
 Monti, Daniel J., Jr., The American City: A Social and Cultural History. Oxford, England and Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishers, 1999. 391 pp. .

Other websites
 U.S. Census Bureau: About Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistics
 Megalopolis, my Arcadia , a podcast with a worldwide analysis of megacities (focus Latin America)

Urban planning
Cities
Proboscis monkey

The proboscis monkey (Nasalis larvatus) is found only on the island of Borneo in Southeast Asia. 

They live in mangrove forests, and also lowland rainforests. It depends on the mangroves near river edges for resting and sleeping. They avoid deforested areas and avoid human settlements.

The proboscis monkey eats mainly fruit and leaves. It also eats flowers, seeds and insects to a lesser extent.  At least 55 different plant species are eaten. Young leaves are preferred over mature leaves and unripe fruits are preferred over ripe fruit. Being a seasonal eater, the proboscis monkey eats mostly fruit from January to May and mostly leaves from June to December. Groups usually sleep in adjacent trees. Monkeys tend to sleep near rivers, if they are nearby. Proboscis monkeys will start the day foraging and then rest further inland. Proboscis monkeys' daily activities consist of resting, traveling, feeding and keeping vigilant.

References 

Old World monkeys
Mammals of Asia
Lemon meringue pie

Lemon meringue pie is a type of sweet pie and dessert. It has a lemon curd filling inside a shortcrust pastry base, and meringue on the top. The base is baked first, then the filling and the meringue are put in and baked again.

Pies
Desserts
Kirby

Kirby is a common place name, surname, and given name, derived from Old Norse, meaning church settlement. Other common uses include:

Places

England 
 Kirkby, Merseyside (pronounced with a silent k: )
 Kirby Bedon, Norfolk
 Kirby Cane, Norfolk
 Kirby Cross, Essex
 Kirby Grindalythe, North Yorkshire
 Kirby Hill, Harrogate, North Yorkshire
 Kirby Hill, Richmondshire, North Yorkshire
 Kirby Knowle, North Yorkshire
 Kirby Misperton, North Yorkshire
 Kirby Muxloe, Leicestershire
 Kirby Sigston, North Yorkshire
 Kirby Wiske, North Yorkshire
 Cold Kirby, North Yorkshire
 Horton Kirby, Kent
 Monks Kirby, Warwickshire
 West Kirby, Merseyside
 see also: Places named Kirkby

United States 
 Kirby, Arizona
 Kirby, Arkansas
 Kirby, Georgia
 Kirby, Indiana
 Kirby, Ohio
 Kirby, Oklahoma
 Kirby, Pennsylvania
 Kirby, Texas
 Kirby, Vermont
 Kirby, West Virginia
 Kirby, Wyoming
 Upper Kirby, a commercial district in Houston, Texas

Canada 
 Kirby, Ontario
 York Regional Road 29, a regional road in Ontario, in which its western segment is called Kirby Road

People 
 Kirby (surname), people with the surname Kirby.
 Kirby (given name), people with the given name Kirby

Also
 List of people with the surname Kirkby
 Christopher Hatton, 1st Baron Hatton of Kirby (c. 1605-1670), English politician
 Christopher Hatton, 2nd Baron Hatton of Kirby (1632-1706), English politician

Buildings, institutions or facilities 
 Kirby Castle, a castle in Kirby Muxloe, Leicestershire, England
 Kirby Hall, an Elizabethan country house located near Corby, Northamptonshire, England
 Kirby Sports Center, a sports arena in Easton, Pennsylvania, USA
 Kirby's Mill, a flour mill located in Medford, New Jersey, USA
 Kirby College of Further Education, now part of Middlesbrough College, North Yorkshire, England
 Kirby Cross railway station, Essex, England
 Kirby Lake Airport, Alberta, Canada
 Kirby Park railway station, a defunct railway station in West Kirby, Merseyside, England

Other uses

Comics 
 Kirby Award, an award presented from 1985-1987 for achievements in comic books
 Kirby dots, an artistic convention in comic books
 Rip Kirby, fictional comic strip character created by Alex Raymond

Law 
 United States v. Kirby, an 1868 US Supreme Court case regarding statutory construction
 United States v. Kirby Lumber Co., a 1931 US Supreme Court case regarding taxation
 R v Kirby; Ex parte Boilermakers' Society of Australia, a 1956 Australian High Court case regarding the judicial power of the Commonwealth

Mathematics 
 Kirby calculus
 Kirby-Siebenmann class
 Freedman-Kirby theorem

Miscellaneous 
 Kirby Company, the manufacturer of Kirby vacuum cleaners
 Kirby 23, a sailboat designed by Bruce Kirby and produced in the mid-1980s
 Kirby-Bauer antibiotic testing, a medical test
 Kirby wire, a pendulum-based flying system for stage performers
 A fish hook of evenly curved pattern
 Kirby is the name of the vacuum in The Brave Little Toaster

Games 
 Kirby (character), a popular Nintendo video game character
 Kirby (series), the video game series named after the character
 List of Kirby media
 Kirby: Right Back At Ya!, a TV series based on the famous video game character

References
Alfred Hugenberg

Alfred Wilhelm Franz Maria Hugenberg (19 June 1865 in Hanover - 12 March 1951 in Kükenbruch) was a German businessman and politician. He was also a member of Hitler's Cabinet in 1933. In 1933, he was the minister of food in Germany.

Hugenberg was heading the German National People's Party (DNVP). During the period of the Weimar Republic and Nazi Germany he was a member of the Reichstag.

1865 births
1951 deaths
Government ministers of Nazi Germany
Members of the Reichstag (Nazi Germany)
Members of the Reichstag (Weimar Republic)
People from Hanover
Politicians from Lower Saxony
Kurt Schmitt

Kurt Paul Schmitt (7 October 1886 in Heidelberg – 2 November 1950 in Heidelberg) was a German economist and minister for economics of the Third Reich. He was also a member of Hitler's Cabinet.

He fought in the First World War and got the Iron Cross.

1886 births
1950 deaths
German economists
Government ministers of Nazi Germany
People from Heidelberg
Politicians from Baden-Württemberg
Politicians of the Nazi Party
Order theory

Order theory is a field of mathematics. It concerns itself with being able to compare different elements of a set. Given a binary relation it is then possible to put all the elements of the set in a certain order. It is also possible to say that a certain element "comes before" another one, for that relation. Another way to say this is to say that one of the two is "smaller than" the other.

For a specific set to be ordered it must be:

reflexive: each element of the set is within a relation with itself.

anti-symmetric: if A and B are in relation, and B is also in a relation with A, then A must be equal to B.

transitive: if A and B in a relation, and B is in a relation with C, then A and C must be in a relation. 

Fields of mathematics
Führer

Führer is the German word for leader. The word Führer is most often used to name Adolf Hitler. Hitler was the German Chancellor during the Third Reich. After the death of Reich President Paul von Hindenburg in 1934, Hitler declared the office of President vacant and made himself Führer (both Head of State and Head of Government). He used the word Führer for his title Führer und Reichskanzler (Leader and Reich Chancellor).

Nazi Germany
Hjalmar Schacht

Hjalmar Horace Greeley Schacht (22 January 1877 in Tingleff – 3 June 1970 in München) was a German politician and minister for economics during the time of the Third Reich. In the Weimar Republic he was the president of the Reichsbank. He was also one of the 24 defendants at the Nuremberg Trials.

His middle names come from the American politician Horace Greeley.

1877 births
1970 deaths
Bankers
Government ministers of Nazi Germany
People from former German territories
Politicians of the Nazi Party
Weimar Republic
Walther Funk

Walther Emanuel Funk (18 August 1890 in Trakehnen - 31 May 1960 in Düsseldorf) was a German journalist. During the time of the Third Reich he was a minister for economics and the president of the Reichsbank.

Funk was one of the 24 people charged at the Nuremberg Trials. He was sent to prison for life, but was set free in 1958.

1890 births
1960 deaths
Bankers
German journalists
German prisoners
German war criminals
Government ministers of Nazi Germany
Holocaust perpetrators
Members of the Reichstag (Weimar Republic)
People from former German territories
Politicians of the Nazi Party
Prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment
Franz Seldte

Franz Seldte (29 June 1882 in Magdeburg – 1 April 1947 in Fürth) was the co-founder of the Stahlhelm, Bund der Frontsoldaten. He was a member of the NSDAP. He was also a minister of the Third Reich.

1882 births
1947 deaths
Government ministers of Nazi Germany
Members of the Reichstag (Nazi Germany)
Members of the Reichstag (Weimar Republic)
People from Magdeburg
Politicians from Saxony-Anhalt
Politicians of the Nazi Party
Franz Gürtner

Franz Gürtner (26 August 1881 in Regensburg - 29 January 1941 in Berlin) was a German jurist and politician. Between 1932 and 1941 he was the minister of justice of the Third Reich. In this time he was also a member of Adolf Hitler's Cabinet.

In the First World War, he got the Iron Cross.

1881 births
1941 deaths
German judges
German lawyers
German military personnel of World War I
Government ministers of Nazi Germany
Government ministers of the Weimar Republic
People from Regensburg
Politicians from Bavaria
Politicians of the Nazi Party
Franz Schlegelberger

Louis Rudolph Franz Schlegelberger (23 October 1876 in Königsberg – 14 December 1970 in Flensburg) was a German politician and judge. In the time of the Third Reich, he was a minister of justice. He was an accused of the Judges' Trial in Nuremberg.

1876 births
1970 deaths
German academics
German judges
German prisoners
German war criminals
Government ministers of Nazi Germany
Holocaust perpetrators
People from former German territories
People from Kaliningrad
Politicians of the Nazi Party
Prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment
Weimar Republic politicians
Otto Georg Thierack

Otto Georg Thierack (19 April 1889 in Wurzen – 26 October 1946 in Sennelager) was a German politician and jurist.

He served in the First World War as volunteer and got the Iron Cross.

1889 births
1946 deaths
German judges
Government ministers of Nazi Germany
Nazis who committed suicide
People who committed suicide in prison custody
Politicians from Saxony
Politicians of the Nazi Party
Suicides by poison
Suicides in Germany
Werner von Blomberg

Werner Eduard Fritz von Blomberg (2 September 1878 in Stargard - 14 March 1946 in Nuremberg) was a German leader of the military until 1938. He was also a member of Hitler's Cabinet.

He got in the First World War the Iron Cross.

1878 births
1946 deaths
German generals
German military personnel of World War I
Government ministers of Nazi Germany
People from former German territories
Politicians of the Nazi Party
Morristown, New Jersey

Morristown is a town of Morris County in the state of New Jersey, United States.  About 18,500 people were living in Morristown as of the year 2000.  It is the county seat of Morris County.  Morristown has an area of 3 square miles. During the American Revolutionary War it was twice the winter quarters of George Washington and his Continental Army.

References

Other websites 
Morristown municipal website

County seats in New Jersey
Towns in New Jersey
Wilhelm Keitel

Wilhelm Bodewin Gustav Keitel (22 September 1882 in Helmscherode – 16 October 1946 in Nuremberg) was a German field marshal between 1938 and 1945 the chief of the "Oberkommando der Wehrmacht". He was one of the 24 accused of the Nuremberg Trials and hanged in 1946.

1882 births
1945 deaths
Executed German people
German generals of World War II
German war criminals
Government ministers of Nazi Germany
People executed by hanging
Paul Freiherr von Eltz-Rübenach

Paul Freiherr von Eltz-Rübenach (9 February   1875 in Wahn am Rhein - 25 August 1943 in Linz am Rhein) was minister of mail and minister of transport.

1875 births
1943 deaths
German military personnel of World War I
German nobility
Government ministers of Nazi Germany
Government ministers of the Weimar Republic
People from Cologne
Politicians from North Rhine-Westphalia
West New York, New Jersey

West New York is a town of Hudson County in the state of New Jersey, United States.  About 46,800 people were living in West New York as of 2000.  West New York has an area of 1.3 square miles.

References

Other websites 
West New York Town website

Towns in New Jersey
Julius Dorpmüller

Julius Dorpmüller (24 July 1869 in Elberfeld - 5 July 1945 in Malente) was the German minister of transport between 1937 and 1945. He was a member of the Cabinet Hitler. From 1926 to 1945, he was the Director-general of the "Deutsche Reichsbahn".

1869 births
1945 deaths
Government ministers of Nazi Germany
Holocaust perpetrators
Politicians from North Rhine-Westphalia
Politicians of the Nazi Party
Haim Revivo

Haim Michael Revivo (; born February 22, 1972 in Ashdod) is a former Israeli football player. He played for Maccabi Haifa, Celta Vigo, Fenerbahçe, Galatasaray. He was best known for his free kick goals and his  celebrations after these goals. He was a member in the Israeli national team.

He currently lives in Los Angeles.

References

1972 births
Living people
Israeli footballers
Jewish Israeli sportspeople
Wilhelm Ohnesorge

Karl Wilhelm Ohnesorge (8 June 1872 in Gräfenhainichen - 1 February 1962 in Munich) was a German politician. From 1937 to 1945, he was the minister of mail. He was also a member of Hitler's Cabinet.

1872 births
1962 deaths
Government ministers of Nazi Germany
Politicians from Saxony-Anhalt
Politicians of the Nazi Party
Richard Walther Darré

Richard Walther Darré (born as Ricardo Walther Oscar Darré, 14 July 1895 in Belgrano, Buenos Aires - 5 September 1953 in Munich) was a leader of the German SS. He was also a member of the Cabinet Hitler. From 1933 to 1942, he was the minister of food and agriculture.

1895 births
1953 deaths
Government ministers of Nazi Germany
Members of the Reichstag (Nazi Germany)
Members of the Reichstag (Weimar Republic)
People from Buenos Aires
Politicians of the Nazi Party
SS officers
WWE No Mercy

WWE No Mercy was a yearly professional wrestling pay-per-view event produced by World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE). The video game WWF No Mercy was based on the event. The event was succeeded by WWE Hell in a Cell.

Events

WWE No Mercy
Bernhard Rust

Bernhard Rust (30 September 1883 in Hanover – 8 May 1945 in Berne, Lower Saxony) the German minister of education, science and national culture, between 1934 and 1945. He was also a member of the Hitler Cabinet during the Third Reich.

References

1883 births
1945 deaths
Government ministers of Nazi Germany
Members of the Reichstag (Nazi Germany)
Members of the Reichstag (Weimar Republic)
Nazis who committed suicide
People from Hanover
Politicians from Lower Saxony
Politicians of the Nazi Party
Politicians who committed suicide
Suicides in Germany
Fritz Todt

Fritz Todt (4 September 1891 in Pforzheim – 8 February 1942 in Kętrzyn) was a German ingeneur and was responsible for the German roadworks. He was a leader of the SA. In 1940, he became the minister for munitions and armaments. Todt was also a member of the Cabinet Hitler.

References 

1891 births
1942 deaths
German engineers
German generals of World War II
German war criminals
Government ministers of Nazi Germany
Holocaust perpetrators
Politicians from Baden-Württemberg
Politicians of the Nazi Party
Sturmabteilung people
.44 Magnum

.44 Magnum is a large revolver caliber. It is also used in some carbines and rifles. It is common in action movies such as Dirty Harry.

References 

Firearms
Albert Speer

Berthold Konrad Hermann Albert Speer (19 March 1905 in Mannheim, Germany – 1 September 1981 in London, England) was a leading German architect in the Third Reich. Speer was born in Mannheim, Baden. Adolf Hitler's chief architect before he became the minister for munitions and armaments in 1942. He was also a member of Hitler's Cabinet. After World War II he was convicted of slavery and spent 20 years in prison.  

Speer died of a stroke. His son, Albert Speer Jr. was also an architect.

1905 births
1981 deaths
Cardiovascular disease deaths in London
Deaths from stroke
German architects
German prisoners
German war criminals
Government ministers of Nazi Germany
Holocaust perpetrators
Members of the Reichstag (Nazi Germany)
People from Mannheim
Politicians from Baden-Württemberg
Politicians of the Nazi Party
Sturmabteilung people
SS officers
German Protestants
20000 Varuna

20000 Varuna is a big Kuiper belt object (KBO). It could be a dwarf planet. Before it was named Varuna, it had the provisional designation .

Varuna is named after the Hindu deity Varuṇa.

Physical characteristics 
Varuna completes one rotation in about 3.17 hours (or 6.34 hours, depending on whether the light curve is single or double-peaked). Given the fast rotation, which is not common for objects so big, Varuna is thought to be a stretched spheroid, with a density around 1g/cm³ (close to the density of water).

The surface of Varuna is somewhat red and small amounts of water ice have been found on its surface.

References

Other websites 
  Site updated Reretrived on 2006-07-10
 Orbital simulation from JPL (Java) / Ephemeris

Possible dwarf planets
Kuiper belt objects
Alfred Rosenberg

Alfred Ernst Rosenberg (12 January 1893 in Tallinn – 16 October 1946 in Nuremberg) was a German political philosopher from Baltic German origin.

Life
He was an intellectual member of the NSDAP, and also a member of the Cabinet Hitler. He was one of the major developers of the racist theories of the Nazis. His most important work was Der Mythus des zwanzigsten Jahrhunderts (English: The Myth of the Twentieth Century, published in 1930), which became a standard for Nazi Germany.

During the war he was minister for Eastern Europe affairs.

Rosenberg was one of the 24 accused of the Nuremberg Trials and because of war crimes sentenced to death. In October 1946 he was hanged. At the Nuremberg Trials it appeared that none of the accused had read his above mentioned book.

1893 births
1946 deaths
20th-century German philosophers
Executed German people
Executed Nazis
19th-century German philosophers
German war criminals
Government ministers of Nazi Germany
Holocaust perpetrators
Members of the Reichstag (Nazi Germany)
Members of the Reichstag (Weimar Republic)
People executed by hanging
People from Tallinn
Politicians of the Nazi Party
Hanns Kerrl

Hanns Kerrl (11 December 1887 in Wolfsburg - 12 December 1941 in Berlin) was a German politician. He was a minister of church affairs. He was also a member of the Cabinet Hitler.

1887 births
1941 deaths
German military personnel of World War I
Government ministers of Nazi Germany
Members of the Reichstag (Nazi Germany)
Politicians from Lower Saxony
Politicians of the Nazi Party
Prussian politicians
Weimar Republic politicians
Hermann Muhs

Hermann Muhs (16 May 1894 in Jühnde - 13 April 1962 in Göttingen) was a Secretary of State and minister for church questions. He was also a member of Hitler's Cabinet.

1894 births
1962 deaths
Government ministers of Nazi Germany
Politicians from Lower Saxony
Politicians of the Nazi Party
Otto Meißner

Otto Meißner (13 March 1880 in Bischwiller – 27 May 1953 in Munich) was a German politician. He is well known for his work as head of the office of the presidents of Germany during the Weimar Republic, under Friedrich Ebert and Paul von Hindenburg. He was also a member of Hitler's Cabinet.

Meißner was tried at the Ministries Trial.  He was acquitted in April 1949, but in May 1949 was accused, and found to be a Mitläufer

1880 births
1953 deaths
German military personnel of World War I
Government ministers of Nazi Germany
People from former German territories
Politicians of the Nazi Party
Weimar Republic politicians
Hans Lammers

Hans Heinrich Lammers (27 May 1879 in Lubliniec – 4 January 1962 in Düsseldorf) was a German politician. He was a member of Hitler's Cabinet. He was also a SS-Obergruppenführer. 

After the war he got a sentence of 20 years imprisonment because of war crimes.

In World War I, he got the Iron Cross.

1879 births
1962 deaths
German prisoners
German war criminals
Government ministers of Nazi Germany
People from former German territories
Politicians of the Nazi Party
SS officers
Martin Bormann

Martin Ludwig Bormann (17 June 1900 in Halberstadt – 2 May 1945 in Berlin) was a German politician and member of the Nazi Party. He was the private secretary of Adolf Hitler. He was also a member of Hitler's Cabinet.

In 1923, he took part in the Munich putsch. At this time, he became one of Hitler's closet advisors. Because he took part in a murder, he was convicted to one year in prison in 1924 by the German Staatsgerichtshof. In May 1941, he became a Reichsminister. This was because Rudolf Hess' flight to Scotland. In 1943, he became Hitler's private secretary. At the Nuremberg Trials, Bormann was convicted to death in 1946. This happened while he was not there.

References

Other websites 

  
  

1900 births
1945 deaths
German atheists
German war criminals
Government ministers of Nazi Germany
Holocaust perpetrators
Members of the Reichstag (Nazi Germany)
Nazis who committed suicide
Politicians from Saxony-Anhalt
Politicians of the Nazi Party
Politicians who committed suicide
SS officers
Suicides by poison
Suicides in Germany
Karl Hermann Frank

Karl Hermann Frank (24 January 1898 in Karlovy Vary – 22 May 1946 in Prague) was a German politician and leader of the SS. He was also a member of the Cabinet Hitler.

1898 births
1946 deaths
Czech people
Czechoslovak politicians
Executed German people
Executed Nazis
German war criminals
Government ministers of Nazi Germany
Holocaust perpetrators
Members of the Reichstag (Nazi Germany)
People executed by hanging
SS officers
Waffen-SS generals
Maximum Ride

Maximum Ride is a young adult science fiction/fantasy series written by the award-winning American author, James Patterson, starting from April 19, 2005 and continuing to the present. Right now, there are six titles in the series: 
 The Angel Experiment
 School's Out - Forever
 Saving the World and Other Extreme Sports
 The Final Warning
 Max: A Maximum Ride Novel
 Fang: A Maximum Ride Novel
Each of the novels in the series has reached #1 on the New York Times Best Seller list.

The series focuses on six kids who are 98% human and 2% avian, Max, Fang, Iggy, Nudge, Gasman and Angel (also known as the Flock) who must escape from evil mad scientists from "The School". They are being hunted down by Erasers who are a human-wolf mix. The Flock work towards protecting the world from being ruled by strange figures, who have also shown an interest in their capture.

In January 2007 it was announced that a movie based on the Maximum Ride series would be made. The producer of it was Avi Arad, one of the producers of Spider-Man, X-Men and other Marvel movies. In an interview with James Patterson, it was told Arad had already planned out the first movie based on the series. On August 7, 2008, it was announced that Columbia Pictures bought the screen rights to the franchise, and that Don Payne would write the screenplay. The first Maximum Ride movie released in 2016.  However, when they were making the film in 2016, the writers of its screenplay were changed to Angelique Hanus and Jesse Spears.

References

Other websites 
 Official Website
 Maximum Ride at James Patterson.com

Series of books
Fiction books
Crab-eating Macaque

The crab-eating macaque (Macaca fascicularis) is a monkey. It is mostly  native to Southeast Asia. It is also called the cynomolgus monkey, Philippine monkey, and the long-tailed macaque.

In 2018, scientists in China cloned the crab-eating macaque.  They named the two baby monkeys Zhong Zhong and Hua Hua.

References

Mammals of Asia
Old World monkeys
Juan Carlos I of Spain

Juan Carlos I (born 5 January 1938) reigned as King of Spain from 1975 to 2014. 

His name came from his father (Juan de Borbón), his grandfather (Alfonso XIII) and his mother's father's name (Prince Carlo of the Two Sicilies). 

Juan Carlos was born on 5 January 1938 at Rome, He is eldest son of Juan Count of Barcelona and his countess María de las Mercedes of the Two Sicilies, He had two sisters and one brother.  

Juan Carlos has study at Spainish Navy School and Spanish Air Force School in 1960-61. He studied Law, International political economy and Public finance at the University of Madrid. He then went to live in the Palace of Zarzuela and began carrying out official engagements.  

On 22 November 1975, two days after the death of Francisco Franco, Juan Carlos became king. Franco had picked him and prepared him for the job. In 1969 it had been thirty years since the last king.  King Juan Carlos helped change Spain from a dictatorship into a parliamentary democracy. In 2008 he was voted the most popular leader in all Ibero-America.

Juan Carlos' wife Queen Sofía of Spain is his third cousin, She is the sister of ex-King Constantine II of Greece, Juan and Queen Sofia of Greece have three children together, Infanta Elena, Duchess of Lugo , Infanta Cristina of Spain and Felipe VI of Spain

On 2 June 2014, Juan Carlos announced that he would abdicate in favour of his son, Felipe VI.  The abdication and handover to Felipe occurred on 19 June 2014.  He and his wife kept their titles.

On 24 August 2019 he had heart surgery.

On 3 August 2020, he went into voluntary exile following a financial scandal over some illegal deals he did with Saudi Arabia. He now lives in the United Arab Emirates.

References

Titles and styles 

 5 January 1938 – 21 July 1969: His Royal Highness The Infante Juan Carlos of Spain
 15 January 1941 – 22 November 1975: His Royal Highness The Prince of Asturias
 21 July 1969 – 22 November 1975: His Royal Highness The Prince of Spain
 22 November 1975 – 18 June 2014: His Majesty The King of Spain
 18 June 2014 – : His Majesty King Juan Carlos I of Spain

1938 births
Living people
Bailiffs Grand Cross of the Order of St John
House of Bourbon
Kings and Queens of Spain
People from Rome
Princes and Princesses of Asturias
German National People's Party

The German National People's Party (German: Deutschnationale Volkspartei and short: DNVP) was national-conservative party of the time of the Weimar Republic and the Third Reich. This party was founded in 1918, after World War I. In June 1933, the DNVP merged with the NSDAP.

Chairman 
 1918 to 1924 Oskar Hergt (1869-1967)
 1924 to 1928 Kuno Graf von Westarp (1864-1945)
 1928 to 1933 Alfred Hugenberg (1865-1951)

References 

Former political parties in Germany
1918 establishments in Europe
1933 disestablishments
1910s establishments in Germany
Howler monkey

Howler monkeys, genus Alouatta, are one of the largest New World monkeys. There are 15 species. They are native to South and Central American forests.

These monkeys are famous for their loud howls, which can travel three miles (4.8 km) through dense forest. They are the loudest monkey and may be the loudest land animal. Group males call at dawn and dusk, and at times during the day. The function of howling may relate to intergroup spacing and territory protection.

These social primates live high in the trees (the canopy) of the rain forests of Central America, Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Brazil, northern Argentina, and Bolivia. Howlers have a life span of about 20 years. They are in decline due to a loss of habitat.

References 

New World monkeys
Mammals of South America
Mammals of North America
Chronic

In medicine a chronic disease or condition is one that takes a long time to heal (or go away), or one that comes again.  Many chronic diseases require special treatment, as this has to be done for a long time. A chronic disease can even last for a lifetime.

Related pages
Acute (medicine)

Medicine
Turkish Wikipedia

The Turkish Wikipedia () is the Turkish-language edition of Wikipedia. This edition began in December 2002.

It is the 31th largest edition.

It has over 405,000 articles.

References

Other websites 
 Turkish Wikipedia main page

Wikipedias
Doutzen Kroes

Doutzen Kroes (Pronounced Dow-tsen Croos) (born 23 January 1985 in Eastermar, Friesland) is a Dutch-Frisian model who has become internationally famous. In the Netherlands she is not only famous as a model, but also for her support for the Frisian language which is her first language. She is married and has two children.

Life
After she had finished school Doutzen sent a few holiday photos to a model agency Paparazzi in Amsterdam. She hoped she would be able to earn a little extra money. To her amazement she was so successful that in two years she had become a top model.

In 2005, Kroes was selected as "Model of The Year" on Vogue.com by readers and was featured as a supermodel on the cover of the May 2007 issue. Along with several of these models, she appeared in the 2008 Pirelli calendar.

Doutzen appears in shows for Versace and Dolce & Gabbana and has a contract with the cosmetic firm L'Oréal. This contract made her the highest paid Dutch model ever. In November 2007 she became one of Victoria's Secret angels. 

Doutzen’s first language is Frisian. She is very active in the campaign "Praat mar Frysk" ("Let’s speak Frisian") which helps to make the Frisian language popular. She earned a Frisian Press Prize for this work in December 2007.

In 2007 she was the 13th highest paid model in the world, having earned 3,8 million euro.

On 28 April 2008, Madame Tussauds added a wax model of Doutzen to the exhibition. The skirt she is wearing is said to be her favourite skirt. It is designed by Roberto Cavalli.

Doutzen spends most of her time in her apartment in New York.

In 2010 she married Sunnery James a DJ. Their first child, Phyllon, was born in January 2011. Their second child, a girl, was born in 2014.

References

Other websites 
 Profile at YES Model Management 

1985 births
Living people
Dutch models
People from Friesland
Sweatshop

A sweatshop is a place where people work, that is very crowded, where the work is very hard and the place is not safe to work in. Many sweatshops are in poor countries but sweatshops are also found in rich countries, where they often have people who are new to the country working in them, or people who are not legal residents. The amount of money people are paid in sweatshops is lower than the amount paid to workers in a richer country, but is often higher than the worker would earn in their old jobs on farms, or working in manual labour.  Children may also work in sweatshops. People in sweatshops often make clothes and shoes. Awareness wristbands for charities have also been made by sweatshops.

Related terms 

 Assembly line
 Body Shops
 Child labour
 Contingent work
 Corporate abuse
 Economic development
 Emerging markets
 Exploitation
 Export processing zone
 Game sweatshop
 Globalization
 Maquiladora
 Precarity
 Race to the bottom
 SA8000 — Social Accountability Certification Scheme for Manufacturing Industry
 Slavery
 Sweating system
 Trafficking in human beings
 Union Organizer

Organizations working on the problem of sweatshops 
 Clean Clothes Campaign 
 International Labor Rights Fund
 International Labour Organization 
 National Labor Committee  
 Co-op America 
 Students & Scholars Against Corporate Misbehavior
 United Students Against Sweatshops 
 Woo Harry
 Free the Children

References

Notes

Other websites

Activism 
SweatFree Communities– Local Action Against Sweatshops
United Students Against Sweatshops
National Labor Committee 
Story about Adidas sweatshops

Shopping 
Responsible Shopper Company Profiles
"Shop with a Conscience" Consumer Guide

More reading 
Discussion about the pros and cons of sweatshops (video) 
Fair Labor Standards Act
National Bureau for Economic Research paper: The Effects of Multinational Production on Wages and Working Conditions in Developing Countries
Matt Zwolinski on the definition, history, and morality of sweatshops
Academic Paper: "Sweatshops, Choice, and Exploitation"
Two Cheers for Sweatshops - New York Times, by Nicholas Kristof and Sheryl WuDunn
The Campus Sweatshop Movement - American Prospect
"Foreign owned businesses in Vietnam aren't sweatshops"  
Triangle Fire: Photographs from the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire
Immaculata High School Child Slave Labor News 
Article on worker takeover of sweatshop in El Salvador
Economist John Miller on sweatshops  in Dollars & Sense
Paradise Lost: sweatshop labor on the U.S. island of Saipan  - Ms. magazine
Rackets, muggings hit social networking sites: Online currency opens channels for money laundering - ComputerWorld
Fashion Victims  - War on Want

Manufacturing
Labor
Clothing
Clothing controversies
Pirelli calendar

The Pirelli Calendar is a calendar (publication showing dates for the year) published by Pirelli company's UK subsidiary.

It started in 1964 and is now very famous because only a few calendars are published each year, and these are given to important people (VIPs) and Pirelli customers.  The calendars have photographs of female models including nudes.

After 1974 publication of the calendar was stopped because there was not enough money after the oil crisis.  Ten years later it was started again and has been published regularly ever since.  Many famous models have been photographed for the calendar including: Sienna Miller, Naomi Campbell, Gisele Bündchen, Sonny Freeman Drane, Kate Moss, Cindy Crawford, Selma Blair, Lauren Bush, Elsa Benitez, Laetitia Casta, Rachael Leigh Cook, Milla Jovovich, Doutzen Kroes, Heidi Klum, Sophia Loren, Penélope Cruz, Brittany Murphy,  Amy Smart, Julia Stiles, Karolina Kurkova, Caroline Trentini, Raica Oliveira, Adriana Lima, Alessandra Ambrosio, Bridget Moynahan, Shannyn Sossamon, Mena Suvari, Monet Mazur, Aurelie Claudel, Fernanda Tavares, Isabeli Fontana, Frankie Rayder, Angela Lindvall, Hilary Swank and Yamila Díaz.

Other websites 
Official Pirelli Calendar Site with Image Archives

Calendars
Make Poverty History

Make Poverty History is a British and Irish campaign that wants to stop people from being poor and to help richer people learn about the poor people of the World. The symbol of the campaign is a white "awareness wristband" made of cotton or silicone with the words written in dark black and the word 'poverty' written in light black (e.g.: 'MAKEPOVERTYHISTORY').

References

Other websites
Make Poverty History (UK) 
MAKEPOVERTYHISTORY(Republic of Ireland) 
BBC News - About Make Poverty History

Politics
Poverty
Saint James's Palace

Saint James's Palace is a royal palace in the City of Westminster, in London. It is between Pall Mall and The Mall, two streets in Central London, and opposite St James's Park. It is a working royal palace, and it is not open to the public. It was the most important home of the British royal family until Queen Victoria moved to Buckingham Palace in 1837.

Henry VIII built the palace in the early 1530s. Charles I spent his last night here before his execution in 1649.

James
James's Palace, St.
Buildings and structures in the City of Westminster
Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn

Prince Edward Augustus, Duke of Kent and Strathearn was the fourth son of George III of the United Kingdom.

Edwaard Augustus married in 1818 Princess Victoria Duchess of Kent. He had one daughter, who was later Queen Victoria. He died when his daughter was six months old in 1819.

Ancestors

References

1767 births
1820 deaths
House of Hanover
British Dukes and Duchesses
Parlophone Records

Parlophone Records is a German-British major record label, which began in Germany in 1896. It is best known as one of the record labels who put out music by The Beatles in the 1960s. Parlophone's L-shaped logo began as the logo of the German Lindstrom label, which became part of Parlophone.

The company became part of EMI in 1931, and was known at the time especially for jazz and comedy records. They also issued records of "regional music", including works by Scottish and Latin recording artists. George Martin, staff producer, sometimes travelled to Scotland to record popular artists there.

The Beatles were signed to Parlophone in 1962, and released most of their albums on the label.

Parlophone continues today with artists like Coldplay, Lily Allen, and Radiohead.

In 2012, Universal Music Group bought EMI (the owner of Parlophone), but Universal chose to sell Parlophone to Warner Music Group. However, The Beatles’ catalogue still remains with UMG, through it’s Calderstone Productions label.

British record labels