cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Deficit spending

Deficit spending is when someone is spending more money than they have. In other words, it is when there is more spending than there is revenue. It is also called simply deficit, or budget deficit. The opposite of a deficit is a budget surplus. The term may be used for the budget of a government, private company, or person.

Government deficit spending is a point of controversy in economics, with important economists having different views.

Related pages

 Keynesian economics
 Fiscal policy
Economic deficit

References

Finance
Economics
Monument Rocks (Kansas)

Monument Rocks (also Chalk Pyramids) are a series of big chalk formations in Gove County, Kansas. It has many fossils. The formations were the first landmark chosen by the US Department of the Interior as a National Natural Landmark. The chalk formations reach a height of up to . It includes formations such as buttes and arches. The carbonate deposits were laid down during the Cretaceous Period in what was then the Western Interior Seaway. It split the continent of North America into two landmasses. They are estimated to have been formed 80 million years ago.

History
On January 29, 2008, Monument Rocks, 25 miles south of Oakley, Kansas, and Castle Rock, 31 miles to the east, together were named as one of the 8 Wonders of Kansas.

References

Other websites
Monument Rocks (Chalk Pyramids)
Monument Rocks/Rock Pyramids
Monument Rocks
Gove County Map, KDOT

Kansas
Marija Pejčinović Burić

Marija Pejčinović Burić (; born 9 April 1963) is a Croatian politician. She was the 14th Minister of Foreign and European Affairs of Croatia and Deputy Prime Minister of Croatia from 19 June 2017 to 19 July 2019.

On 26 June 2019, she was elected as the 14th Secretary General of the Council of Europe. Pejčinović Burić's term began on 18 September 2019.

References

1963 births
European Union politicians
Croatian politicians
Living people
Halle and Landsberg attack

The 2019 Halle and Landsberg attack was a shooting incident that happened on 9 October 2019 in Halle, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Two people were killed, and two others were severely injured. 

The suspect was arrested later the same day. He is 27-year-old German, Stephan Balliet from Saxony-Anhalt. Federal investigators called the attack a far-right and antisemitic crime.

References

2019 crimes in Europe 
2010s crimes in Germany
2010s murders in Europe
Attacks on buildings and structures in 2019
Attacks on buildings and structures in Germany
Landsberg attack

Murder in 2019
Murder in Germany
October 2019 events
2019 Ecuadorian protests

The 2019 Ecuadorian protests are an ongoing series of protests and riots against the end of fuel subsidies and austerity measures by President of Ecuador Lenín Moreno and his administration.

The protests began on 3 October 2019, as taxi, bus and truck drivers came out in protest against the planned fuel subsidy abolition. Indigenous peoples groups joined the protests shortly thereafter, along with university students and labour unions. The protesters declared their plan to hold an indefinite general strike, which would last until the government overturned its decision. 

President Moreno declared a state of emergency on October 4, 2019, amid nationwide protests against a hike in fuel prices. The protests had weakened the country's transport network with all major roads and bridges blocked in the capital Quito.

Shortly thereafter, President Lenín Moreno refused to discuss a potential reversal of the fuel plans and called protesting crowds as "criminals".

On 8 October 2019, President Moreno said his government had relocated to the coastal city of Guayaquil after anti-government protesters had overrun the capital Quito. On the same day, President Moreno accused his predecessor Rafael Correa of creating a coup against the government with the help of Venezuela's Nicolás Maduro, a charge which Correa denied.

During the late-night hours of 13 October, the Ecuadorian government and CONAIE reached an agreement during a televised negotiation. Both parties agreed to collaborate on new economic measures to combat overspending and debt. The austerity measures were reversed.

References

2019 in South America
History of Ecuador
October 2019 events
John M. Kosterlitz

John Michael Kosterlitz (born June 22, 1943) is a British-American physicist. He is a professor of physics at Brown University and the son of biochemist Hans Kosterlitz. He was awarded the 2016 Nobel Prize in physics along with David Thouless and Duncan Haldane for work on condensed matter physics.

References 

1943 births
American atheists
American Nobel Prize winners
British Nobel Prize winners
British physicists
Jewish atheists
Jewish American scientists
British atheists
Jewish British scientists
Scottish scientists
People from Aberdeen
Living people
Crassier

Crassier is a municipality in the district of Nyon in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.

References

Other websites 

 Official website  

Municipalities of Vaud
Messier 52

Messier 52 or M52 is also known as NGC 7654. It is an open cluster of stars in the northern constellation of Cassiopeia. It was discovered by Charles Messier on September 7, 1774. M52 can be seen from Earth with binoculars.

Open star clusters
Messier 38

Messier 38 or M38, also known as NGC 1912, is an open cluster of stars in the constellation of Auriga. It is about  away from Earth.

Open star clusters
Drummond (provincial electoral district)

Drummond was an electoral district in the Centre-du-Québec region of Quebec, Canada, which elected members to the National Assembly of Quebec. Its last election had most of the city of Drummondville and all of Saint-Edmond-de-Grantham, Saint-Eugène, Saint-Germain-de-Grantham and Saint-Majorique-de-Grantham.

Quebec
Elections in Canada
Olga Tokarczuk

Olga Nawoja Tokarczuk (; born 29 January 1962) is a Polish writer and activist. 

In 2018, she won the Man Booker International Prize for her novel Flights, becoming the first Polish writer to do so. She was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature for the year 2018 (awarded in 2019).

References

1962 births
Living people
Polish essayists
Activists
Polish Nobel Prize winners
Dully

Dully is a municipality in the district Nyon in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.

References 

Municipalities of Vaud
Mikhail Biryukov (tennis)

Mikhail Sergeyevich Biryukov (; 28 April 1992 – 4 October 2019) was a Russian junior tennis player. His highest ATP singles ranking was 292. After his retirement from professional tennis at age 22, he was a coach of under 16 player Alexey Zakharov. He was the son of four-time World Champion in modern pentathlon, Irina Kiseleva. He won the silver medal in the inaugural Youth Olympic Games held in Singapore.

On 4 October 2019, Biryukov was found dead in Moscow at the age of 27.

References

1992 births
2019 deaths
Russian tennis players
Yevgeny Bushmin

Yevgeny Viktorovich Bushmin (, 4 October 1958 – 6 October 2019) was a Russian politician. He was a Deputy of the 1st State Duma and Deputy Finance Minister. He was the member of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly as the representative of Nizhny Novgorod Oblast. 

Bushmin died on 6 October 2019, two days after his 61st birthday, after a long-illness.

References

1958 births
2019 deaths
Russian politicians
Ugo Colombo

Ugo Colombo (22 February 1940 – 10 October 2019) was an Italian racing cyclist. He rode the Giro d'Italia in 1964–1974 with Filotex, with the best result of third place in 1971, and the Tour de France in 1966–1968, placing tenth in 1968.

Colombo died on 10 October 2019 at the age of 79.

References

1940 births
2019 deaths
Italian cyclists
People from Milan
Andrés Gimeno

Andrés Gimeno Tolaguera (3 August 1937 – 9 October 2019) was a Spanish tennis player. In 1972, when he won the French Open and he was the oldest first-time grand slam champion of the open era at 34 years of age.

Gimeno died of cancer, on 9 October 2019, at the age of 82.

References

1937 births
2019 deaths
Tennis players
Deaths from cancer
Sportspeople from Barcelona
Jan Szyszko

(19 April 1944 – 9 October 2019) was a Polish forester, educator and politician. He was Minister of Environment from 1997 through 1999, from 2005 through 2007 and again from 2015 through 2018. Szyszko was born in Warsaw. He was elected to the Sejm on 25 September 2005.

Szyszko died on 9 October 2019 in Warsaw of a heart attack at the age of 75.

References

Other websites
Jan Szyszko – parliamentary page  – includes declarations of interest, voting record, and transcripts of speeches.

1944 births
2019 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Environmentalists
Politicians from Warsaw
Louis-Christophe Zaleski-Zamenhof

Louis-Christophe Zaleski-Zamenhof (born Ludwik Krzysztof Zamenhof, 23 January 1925 – 9 October 2019) was a Polish-French civil and marine engineer of Jewish descent. He worked in the design of structural steel and concrete construction. Zaleski-Zamenhof wrote a foreword to L'homme qui a défié Babel ("The man who defied Babel", 2003), a French-language biography, by René Centassi and Henri Masson, of the originator of Esperanto.

Writings
J. P. Bonin, G. Deleuil and L. C. Zaleski-Zamenhof. "Foundation analysis of marine gravity structures submitted to cyclic loading." Offshore Technology Conference, Houston, Texas (1976). pp. 571–579

References

1925 births
2019 deaths
French engineers
Holocaust survivors
Jewish French scientists
People from Warsaw
Polish Jews
Polish scientists
Tony Hoar

Tony Hoar (10 February 1932 – 5 October 2019) was a British racing cyclist. He represented England in the road race at the 1954 British Empire and Commonwealth Games in Vancouver, Canada.

He finished in last place in the 1955 Tour de France.

Hoar died on 5 October 2019 of cancer at the age of 87.

References

1932 births
2019 deaths
Deaths from cancer
British cyclists
Sportspeople from Hampshire
Blaine Lindgren

Harold Blaine Lindgren (June 26, 1939 – October 5, 2019) was an American sprinter. He competed mainly in the 110 m hurdles. He won this event at the 1963 Pan American Games. He won a silver medal at the 1964 Summer Olympics.

Lindgren died on October 5, 2019 in Salt Lake City, Utah at the age of 80.

References

Other websites
 
 
 

1939 births
2019 deaths
American Olympic silver medalists
American track and field athletes
Sportspeople from Salt Lake City, Utah
Rolle

Rolle is a municipality in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland. It was the capital of the district of Rolle until 2006, when it became part of the district of Nyon. It is on the northwestern shore of Lake Geneva (Lac Léman) between Nyon and Lausanne. Rolle is about  northeast of Geneva (Genève) in the La Côte wine-growing region, and has views of the high Alps. It has a population () of .

References

Other websites 

 Rolle - Official website 
 Rolle Office of Tourism
 Information and views on the main street in Rolle

Municipalities of Vaud
Cities in Switzerland
Essertines-sur-Rolle

Essertines-sur-Rolle is a municipality in the district of Nyon in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.

References

Other websites 

 Official website  

Municipalities of Vaud
Eysins

Eysins is a municipality in Nyon in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.

References

Other websites 

 Official website  

Municipalities of Vaud
Founex

Founex is a municipality in the district of Nyon in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.

References

Other websites 

 Official website 

Municipalities of Vaud
Matteson, Illinois

Matteson  is a village in Cook County, Illinois, United States and southern suburb of Chicago. The population was 12,928 at the 2000 census and 19,009 in 2010.

References 

Villages in Illinois
Suburbs of Chicago, Illinois
Settlements in Cook County, Illinois
Westchester, Illinois

Westchester is a village in Cook County, Illinois, United States. It is a western suburb of Chicago. The population was 16,718 at the 2010 census.

References 

Villages in Illinois
Suburbs of Chicago, Illinois
Settlements in Cook County, Illinois
Worth, Illinois

Worth is a village in Cook County, Illinois, United States. It is a suburb of Chicago. The population was 10,789 at the 2010 census.

References

Other websites 
 Village of Worth - Official website

Villages in Illinois
Suburbs of Chicago, Illinois
Settlements in Cook County, Illinois
Genolier

Genolier is a municipality in the district Nyon in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.

References 

Municipalities of Vaud
Gilly, Switzerland

Gilly is a municipality in the district Nyon in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.

References 

Municipalities of Vaud
Gingins

Gingins is a municipality in the district Nyon in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.

References

Other websites 

 Official website  

Municipalities of Vaud
Bo Horvat

Bo Horvat (born April 5, 1995) is an ice hockey player and the current captain of the Vancouver Canucks. He has played for the Canucks since 2014.

1995 births
Canadian ice hockey centres
Ice hockey people from Ontario
Living people
Ontario Hockey League players
Vancouver Canucks players
Treaty of Fontainebleau (1762)

The Treaty of Fontainebleau was a secret agreement in 1762. In this treaty, France ceded Louisiana to Spain. The treaty happened shortly after the last battle in the French and Indian War in North America. This battle was the Battle of Signal Hill, and it happened in September 1762. This battle strengthened British control of Canada. In Europe, the related Seven Years' War continued. Because France already lost Canada, King Louis XV of France proposed to King Charles III of Spain that France should give Spain "the country known as Louisiana, as well as New Orleans and the island in which the city is at." Louis proposed the cession on November 13 and Charles accepted on November 23, 1762.

References

Louisiana
Treaties
Givrins

Givrins is a municipality in the district of Nyon in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.

References 

Municipalities of Vaud
Alsey, Illinois

Alsey is a village in Illinois in the United States. It was originally called Smithfield.

Villages in Illinois
Manchester, Illinois

Manchester is a village in Illinois in the United States.

Villages in Illinois
List of County Highways in Douglas County, Kansas

Douglas County, Kansas, keeps many county highways to serve the rural areas and state parks of the county. It is one of a few of Kansas counties to do so.

The major county highways are built on a grid. East–west-oriented roads have a three-digit number beginning with the number "4" and ending in an even number. The further north the road, the lower the number; the further south, the higher the number. North–south-oriented roads have a four-digit number beginning with "10" and ending in an odd number. The further west the road, the lower the number; the further east, the higher the number.

There are also minor county roads with one or two digits that go a short distance or serve a state park.

None of the county highways enters Lawrence, the county seat.

The maximum speed limit on all county highways in Douglas County is .

Lists

Major east–west oriented roads

Major north–south oriented roads

Minor county highways

References

Douglas County, Kansas
Black Hills Corporation

Black Hills Corporation is an energy company that is an electric and gas utility in South Dakota and Wyoming. They sell power throughout the American West. They are in Rapid City, South Dakota.

It gets its name from its home in the Black Hills of South Dakota.

References

Other websites 
  blackhillscorp.com

20th-century establishments in South Dakota
1941 establishments in the United States
Companies based in South Dakota
Electric power companies
South Dakota
Exede

Exede Internet was launched in 2012 through ViaSat. It provides broadband internet to the United States. Exede service is powered by the ViaSat-1 satellite. ViaSat-1 earned the Guinness World Record title for the highest capacity communications satellite. The Exede service currently serves 687,000 customers in the U.S.

History
Launched in 2012, Exede Internet is a broadband internet service that covers areas traditional internet service providers do not reach. In 2013, Exede introduced Exede Voice home service as a companion to the data service.

Exede also offers Exede Business. It launched in 2014. It also offers Exede Enterprise for live events, field operations, and disaster response.

References

2012 disestablishments in the United States
Companies based in Delaware
Internet
Hughes Network Systems

Hughes Communications is a subsidiary of EchoStar. It is headquartered in Germantown, Maryland. It provides a high-speed satellite internet service. That service is called HughesNet. It is the biggest service of its kind because it has more than 1.3 million subscribers in the Americas.

Company history

HughesNet 
In 1996, Hughes created a satellite Internet service for people and small businesses. The service was called DirecPC. It was renamed to Direcway in May 2002. In 2012, with Hughes' first offering of broadband satellite Internet, it was renamed HughesNet.

References

Other websites 
 Official website

20th-century establishments in Maryland
1971 establishments in the United States
American internet service providers
Companies based in Maryland
Gitanas Nausėda

Gitanas Nausėda (born 19 May 1964) is a Lithuanian politician and economist. He is the 9th and current President of Lithuania since July 2019. He is an Independent.

References

1964 births
Living people
Economists
Presidents of Lithuania
Current national leaders
People from Vilnius
Electric utility

An electric utility is a company in the electric power industry (often a public utility). This kind of company does electricity generation and distribution of electricity for sale generally in a regulated market. The electrical utility industry is a major provider of energy in most countries.

Electric utilities are facing increasing demands  including aging infrastructure, reliability, and regulation.

References

Energy
Enrique Moreno

Enrique Moreno (December 28, 1955 – October 10, 2019) was a Mexican-American attorney. His career was based in El Paso, Texas. Moreno was once a federal judicial nominee to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit by President Bill Clinton in 1999. The Republican controlled United States Senate denied to approved his nomination twice.

Early life
Moreno was born in Chihuahua, Mexico and the son of a carpenter and a seamstress, Moreno earned a bachelor's degree from Harvard University in 1978 and a law degree from Harvard Law School in 1981.

Career
Moreno began his career as a personal injury and product liability attorney in 1981 in El Paso, Texas. He has worked for four different law firms in his career. He has been the practitioner of the Law Offices of Enrique Moreno since 1999.

Moreno won several large judgments in his legal career. In August 2001, Moreno was one of five lawyers to win a $55,515,000 judgment for an El Paso man against Kelly-Moore Paints for placing asbestos-containing fibers in a joint compound product that caused pleural mesothelioma in a patient.

On April 12, 2006, Moreno won a $27.5 million judgment for an Iran-born American citizen against Southwest Airlines in a landmark racial profiling case after Southwest's flight attendants had her arrested after she had complained about poor service on the airline.

Death
Moreno died of cancer-related problems in El Paso on October 10, 2019 at the age of 63.

References

1955 births
2019 deaths
Cancer deaths in Texas
Naturalized citizens of the United States
Mexican lawyers
Lawyers from El Paso, Texas
The Paris Review

The Paris Review is an English-language literary magazine. It started in Paris in 1953. It is published four times a year. by Harold L. Humes, Peter Matthiessen, and George Plimpton. In its first five years, The Paris Review published works by Jack Kerouac, Philip Larkin, V. S. Naipaul, Philip Roth, Terry Southern, Adrienne Rich, Italo Calvino, Samuel Beckett, Nadine Gordimer, Jean Genet, and Robert Bly.

References 

Magazines of Europe
Ansible

An ansible is a kind of fictional device or technology. Ansibles can communicate faster than light. It can send and receive messages to and from a corresponding device over any distance or obstacle whatsoever with no delay, even between star systems. As a name for such a device, the word "ansible" first appeared in a 1966 novel Rocannon's World by Ursula K. Le Guin The word shortened from "answerable." It allowed users to receive answers to their messages quickly, even over interstellar distances.

In Le Guin's works 
 The Dispossessed, Le Guin's 1974 novel in the Hainish Cycle, tells about the invention of the ansible.
 In The Word for World Is Forest, Le Guin explains for two ansibles to communicate, at least one "must be on a large-mass body" but the other can be anywhere.
 In The Left Hand of Darkness, Le Guin wrote that the ansible does not use radio but is similar to gravity.

Any ansible may be used to communicate through any other, by setting its coordinates to those of the receiving ansible. They have a limited bandwidth which only allows for at most a few hundred characters of text to be communicated in any transaction of a dialog session, and are attached to a keyboard and small display to perform text messaging.

Other writers 
Many other writers have ansibles in their fiction. Examples include:
 Neal Asher, in his Polity series of novels including Gridlinked (2001), in which the runcible, named in homage to the ansible, is an interstellar wormhole generator/teleporter
 Becky Chambers, in the 2014 novel The Long Way to a Small, Angry Planet
 L.A. Graf, in the 1996 Star Trek: Deep Space Nine novel Time's Enemy
 Jason Jones, in the 1995 computer game Marathon 2: Durandal
 Joe M. McDermott, in the 2017 novel The Fortress at the End of Time
 Elizabeth Moon, in the 1995 novel Winning Colors
 Remigiusz Mróz, in the 2014 space-opera The Chorus of Forgotten Voices (Chór zapomnianych głosów)
 Philip Pullman, in the 2000 novel The Amber Spyglass, part of the His Dark Materials trilogy.
 Kim Stanley Robinson, in the 2012 novel 2312
 Dan Simmons, in the 2003 novel Ilium
 Vernor Vinge, in the 1988 short story "The Blabber"

References 

Communication
Fiction
University of California, Riverside

The University of California, Riverside (UCR or UC Riverside), is a public research university in Riverside, California.  It is part of the University of California system.

Notable people

Faculty 
 Chris Albani: author, member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
 Reza Aslan: author, researcher, member of the Council on Foreign Relations
 John Baez: physicist, researcher focused on loop quantum gravity
 Barry Barrish: physicist, Nobel Prize in Physics laureate
 Mike Davis: historian, MacArthur Fellows Program recipient
 Steve Erickson: author
 Edwin Gaustad: historian, President of the American Society of Church History
 Gail Hanson: physicist, Panofsky Prize winner
 Nalo Hopkinson: author, World Fantasy Award recipient
 Laila Lalami: author, American Book Awards recipient
 Robert Nisbet: sociologist
 Robert Rosenthal: psychologist, Guggenheim Fellowship recipient
 Richard Schrock: chemist, Nobel Prize in Chemistry laureate
 Jane Smiley: author, Pulitzer Prize recipient
 Harry Scott Smith: entomologist
 Susan Straight: author, Edgar Award recipient
 Karl Taube: archeologist, researchs pre-Columbian civilization

References

Other websites

 
 UC Riverside Athletics website

Big West Conference
Riverside
Riverside, California
1950s establishments in California
1954 establishments in the United States
Nalo Hopkinson

Nalo Hopkinson (born 20 December 1960) is a Jamaican-born Canadian speculative fiction writer and editor. She lives and teaches in Riverside, California. Her novels (Brown Girl in the Ring, Midnight Robber, The Salt Roads, The New Moon's Arms) and short stories such as those in her collection Skin Folk often use Caribbean history and language. Hopkinson's favorite writers include Samuel R. Delany, Tobias S. Buckell, and Charles Saunders.

Awards
Hopkinson won the 1999 John W. Campbell Award for Best New Writer and the Ontario Arts Council Foundation Award for Emerging Writers.

Brown Girl in the Ring was nominated for the Philip K. Dick Award in 1998, and received the Locus Award for Best First Novel.

Skin Folk received the World Fantasy Award and the Sunburst Award for Canadian Literature of the Fantastic in 2003.

Writing

Novels
 Brown Girl in the Ring (1998)
 Midnight Robber (2000)
 The Salt Roads (2003)
 The New Moon's Arms (2007)
 The Chaos (2012) (Young adult fiction)
 Sister Mine (2013)

Collections and anthologies
  Whispers from the Cotton Tree Root: Caribbean Fabulist Fiction (2000, anthology)
 Skin Folk (2001) (short stories)
 Mojo: Conjure Stories (2003, anthology)
 So Long Been Dreaming (2004, anthology)
 Report From Planet Midnight (2012) (short stories, interview and speech)
 Falling in Love With Hominids (2015) (short stories)

Short fiction
 "Slow Cold Chick" in anthology Northern Frights 5 (1998)
 "A Habit of Waste" in anthology Women of Other Worlds: Excursions through Science Fiction and Feminism (1999)
 "Precious" in anthology Silver Birch, Blood Moon (1999)
 "The Glass Bottle Trick" in anthology Whispers From the Cotton Tree Root: Caribbean Fabulist Fiction (2000)
 "Greedy Choke Puppy" and  "Ganger (Ball Lightning)" in anthology Dark Matter: A Century of Speculative Fiction From the African Diaspora
 "Midnight Robber" (excerpt from novel) reprinted in Young Bloods: Stories from Exile 1972–2001 (2001)
 "Delicious Monster" in anthology Queer Fear II (2002)
 "Shift" in journal Conjunctions: the New Wave Fabulists.
 "Herbal" in The Bakkanthology
 "Whose Upward Flight I Love" reprinted in African Voices
 "The Smile on the Face" in anthology Girls Who Bite Back: Witches, Mutants, Slayers and Freaks (2004)

Comic Book Series 
 The Sandman Universe: House of Whispers (DC/Vertigo) (2018- )

References

Further reading

Other websites

 
 

Bibliographies
 Bibliography  on Scifan.com
 Biography, bibliography, & appreciation by G. E. Rutledge

Interviews
 "Nalo Hopkinson: As Magic Does" excerpt from Locus interview (2013)
 "Nalo Hopkinson's science fiction and real-life family" by Mindy Farabee at the L.A. Times (2013)
 Interview on SFFWorld.com
 Interview on Locus
 "Nalo Hopkinson uses SF to probe the inner and outer worlds of alienation"  by David Soyka on SciFi.com (2001)
 A Conversation With Nalo Hopkinson on the SF Site
 Avni Sejpal, "Waving at Trains: An interview with Nalo Hopkinson", Boston Review, October 18, 2017

1960 births
Living people
LGBT writers
Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America

Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America, or SFWA ( or ) is a nonprofit 501(c)3 organization of professional science fiction and fantasy writers. SFWA is based in the United States but membership is worldwide. Damon Knight started the organization in 1965 with the name Science Fiction Writers of America, Inc. The president of SFWA as of 2019 is Mary Robinette Kowal.

SFWA has about 1,900 professionally published writer members worldwide.

SFWA Active members vote for the Nebula Awards. They are some of the most important English-language science fiction awards.

Board and administrative staff
SFWA Board members
SFWA's Board of Directors includes the current president, vice president, secretary, chief financial officer, and five directors-at-large.

Mary Robinette Kowal (president)
Erin M. Hartshorn (vice president)
Curtis C. Chen (secretary)
Nathan Lowell (chief financial officer)
Andy Duncan (director-at-large)
Jeffe Kennedy (director-at-large)
Kelly Robson (director-at-large)
Sarah Pinsker (director at large)
Tobias Buckell (director-at-large)

Administrative staff
Kate Baker (executive director)
Steven H Silver (event manager)
Derek Kunsken (volunteer coordinator)
Gay Haldeman (ombudsman)

Presidents

Mary Robinette Kowal (2019–)
Cat Rambo (2015–2019)
Steven Gould (2013–2015)
John Scalzi (2010–2013)
Russell Davis (2008–2010)
Michael Capobianco (2007–2008)
Robin Wayne Bailey (2005–2007)
Catherine Asaro (2003–2005)
Sharon Lee (2002–2003)
Norman Spinrad (2001–2002)
Paul Levinson (1998–2001)
Robert J. Sawyer (1998)
Michael Capobianco (1996–1998)
Barbara Hambly (1994–1996)
Joe Haldeman (1992–1994)
Ben Bova (1990–1992)
Greg Bear (1988–1990)
Jane Yolen (1986–1988)
Charles Sheffield (1984–1986)
Marta Randall (1982–1984)
Norman Spinrad (1980–1982)
Jack Williamson (1978–1980)
Andrew J. Offutt (1976–1978)
Frederik Pohl (1974–1976)
Jerry Pournelle (1973–1974)
Poul Anderson (1972–1973)
James E. Gunn (1971–1972)
Gordon R. Dickson (1969–1971)
Alan E. Nourse (1968–1969)
Robert Silverberg (1967–1968)
Damon Knight (1965–1967)

References

Other websites
 
 SFWA Bulletin
 Nebula Awards Home Page

Science fiction
Fantasy
Non-profit organizations of the United States
Raoni Metuktire

Raoni Metuktire (born ), also known as Chief Raoni or Ropni, is a Brazilian leader and environmentalist. He is a chief of the Kayapo people, a Brazilian Indigenous group from the plain lands of the Mato Grosso and Pará in Brazil. He is internationally famous as a living symbol of the fight for the preservation of the Amazon rainforest and indigenous culture.

References

Other websites
Official website
Rainforest Foundation
Amazon Watch

1930 births
Living people
Brazilian people
Environmentalists
Landsberg, Saxony-Anhalt

Landsberg is a town in the Saalekreis in the state of Saxony-Anhalt, Germany.

The town is located between the cities of Halle, about  in the southwest, Leipzig, about  in the southeast, and Bitterfeld-Wolfen, about  in the north.

The oldest known trace of early settlements in what is now Landsberg dates from the Neolithic.

References

Other websites
Official website 

Towns in Saxony-Anhalt
Bitterfeld-Wolfen

Bitterfeld-Wolfen is a town in the district Anhalt-Bitterfeld, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. It is located in south-eastern Saxony-Anhalt, west of the river Mulde. The average air temperature in Bitterfeld is  and the yearly rainfall .

More than 40,000 people live there.

References
Selkirk, New York

Selkirk is a hamlet in the town of Bethlehem, Albany County, New York. It is located south of the city of Albany, and is a suburb of that city.

Other websites
Audubon International
CSXT Selkirk Yard Resources Directory 

Hamlets in New York
Towns in New York
Gaston Bussière (painter)

Gaston Bussière (April 24, 1862 in Cuisery – October 29, 1928 or 1929 in Saulieu) was a French Symbolist painter and illustrator.

Biography 
Bussière studied at l'Académie des Beaux-Arts in Lyon before entering l'École des Beaux-Arts in Paris. He studied under Alexandre Cabanel then under Pierre Puvis de Chavannes . In 1884, he won the Marie Bashkirtseff Prize. In 1885, he displayed his works at the Salon. 

He was close to Gustave Moreau. Bussière was inspired by the works of Hector Berlioz, William Shakespeare and Richard Wagner. He made the illustrations of the works of Honoré de Balzac, Théophile Gautier, Oscar Wilde and Gustave Flaubert. He also contributed to the magazine Le Monde moderne . 

He has been close to Joséphin Péladan for a short period of time, which allowed him to display his works at the Salon of the Rose-Cross between 1893 and 1895. 

The Museum of Ursulines in Macôn keeps a collection of his works.

Gallery

Connections 

 Inventory of paintings by Gaston Bussière on the French Ministry of Culture database Joconde
 A biography is available through the Burgundy museums Website

Notes and references 

French painters
Symbolism
People from Bourgogne-Franche-Comté
1928 deaths
1862 births
French illustrators
Demeke Mekonnen

Demeke Mekonnen Hassen (; born 27 September 1963) is an Ethiopian politician and has served as the Deputy Prime Minister of Ethiopia, since 2012. Demeke has assumed the position of the Acting Prime Minister of Ethiopia on 23 November 2021, following Abiy Ahmed's decision to engage in the ongoing Tigray War at the frontlines.

References 

1963 births
Ethiopian politicians
Living people
Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets (movie)

Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets is a 2002 fantasy movie directed by Chris Columbus. It is based on J. K. Rowling's 1998 novel of the same name. The movie stars Daniel Radcliffe as Harry Potter, with Rupert Grint as Ron Weasley, and Emma Watson as Hermione Granger.

It was the last movie to have Richard Harris as Professor Albus Dumbledore, because of his death that same year.

Chamber of Secrets was released in theatres in the United Kingdom and the United States on 15 November 2002. It was nominated for many awards, including the BAFTA Award for Best Production Design, Best Sound, and Best Special Visual Effects.

Other websites
 
 

2002 movies
2000s fantasy movies
Harry Potter 2
Movies based on books
Harry Potter 2
Northfield, Illinois

Northfield is a village in Cook County, Illinois, United States. It is about  north of downtown Chicago. As of the 2010 census, the village's population was 5,420.

The headquarters of Kraft Foods used to be in Northfield.

References 

Villages in Illinois
Suburbs of Chicago, Illinois
Settlements in Cook County, Illinois
Arenzville, Illinois

Arenzville is a village in Illinois in the United States.

Villages in Illinois
Grens

Grens is a municipality in the district Nyon in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland. Grens politics include the Green Party.

References 

Municipalities of Vaud
Cisco, Illinois

Cisco is a village in Illinois in the United States.

Villages in Illinois
Bement, Illinois

Bement is a village in Illinois in the United States.

Villages in Illinois
Ivesdale, Illinois

Ivesdale is a village in Illinois in the United States.

Villages in Illinois
Jacksepticeye

Seán McLoughlin (born 7 February 1990), better known as Jacksepticeye, is an Irish YouTuber. He is best known for his vlogs and comedic Let's Play series. He is the most-subscribed Irish channel. He is also known for his charity streams in which he raises money for good causes. Business Insider has called McLoughlin "one of YouTube's most [well known] philanthropists".

In October 2018, McLoughlin posted a video announcing Cloak, a clothing brand aimed at gamers which he created with Markiplier. In June 2020, Cloak welcomed the Twitch streamer Pokimane as a third partner and creative director for the brand. 

In 2020, he created his own coffee company, named Top of The Mornin' Coffee.

As well as YouTubers, McLoughlin's channel has had celebrities, including interviews with Jack Black, Karen Gillan, Tom Holland, Dwayne Johnson, Kevin Hart, Brad Pitt, Chris Hemsworth and Margot Robbie. 

Each of his videos begins with an intro in which he gives a high five to the camera and says "Top of the morning to ya, laddies".

References

1990 births
Living people
Irish philanthropists
Irish entertainers
Twitch (service) streamers
YouTubers
Keith Whitley

Jackie Keith Whitley  (July 1, 1954 – May 9, 1989) was an American country music singer. During his career, Whitley only recorded two albums but charted 12 singles on the Billboard country charts, and 7 more after his death.

References 

1954 births
1989 deaths
American country singers
Drug-related deaths in the United States
Singers from Kentucky
Thomas Carney

Thomas Carney (August 20, 1824 – July 28, 1888) was the second Governor of Kansas.

Biography
Carney was born in Delaware County, Ohio. His parents were James and Jane (Ostrander) Carney. James died in 1828, making his wife a widow, and it left four young sons without a father. Thomas stayed at home, farming with his mother, until he turned 19 years old.  He studied in Berkshire, Ohio. He lived there with an uncle. He worked in mercantile businesses. He created a successful wholesale business in Leavenworth, Kansas.  He was elected to the Kansas Legislature in 1861. He married Rebecca Ann Cannady on November 13, 1861.

Career
After he was State Representative, Carney was elected Governor of Kansas. He was governor from 1863 through 1865.  While he was governor, he focused on developing the state and solving the problems caused by the Civil War.  He was elected Mayor of Leavenworth in 1865. He created the First National Bank of Leavenworth. He was also director of the Lawrence and Fort Gibson Railroad Company.  He continued in business until 1875.

Death
Carney died on July 28, 1888 in Leavenworth, Kansas. He died of apoplexy. He is buried in Leavenworth in Mount Muncie Cemetery.

References

Other websites

Kansas Republicans
1888 deaths
1821 births
Governors of Kansas
19th-century American politicians
People from Leavenworth, Kansas
Politicians from Ohio
Cutler, Illinois

Cutler is a village in Illinois in the United States.

Villages in Illinois
Danvers, Illinois

Danvers is a village in Illinois in the United States.

Villages in Illinois
Mamlakat Yusupova

Mamlakat Saidakhmadovna Yusupova (nee - Aripbayeva; ; born October 31, 1948, Andijan, Andijan region, Uzbek SSR, USSR ) — National Teacher of Uzbekistan (2009), Honored Worker of Public Education of the Republic of Uzbekistan (2006), Excellence in Public Education of Uzbekistan (2009), holder of the Order “20 Years of Independence of Uzbekistan” . Head of the kindergarten No. 9 of the city of Andijan (1990—2017).

Biography 
Mamlakat Yusupova was born on October 31, 1948 in Andijan. After leaving school in 1973, she entered the Andijan State University as a teacher. After training, she began teaching activities.

Educational activities 
In 1977, she began her career as a teacher of Uzbek and Russian at school №42 in Andijan. After 3 years, in 1980, she began working in 25 Andijan kindergarten. After working in it for 10 years, she was appointed head of kindergarten №9. She worked in it from 1990 to 2017, receiving awards for long service

Family 
Niece of opera singer Saodat Kabulova

Husband Ulugbek Yusupov (died in 1996), married 3 children

Mamlakat Yusupova now 
In 2017, Mamlakat Yusupova retired, lives in Fergana

Awards and titles 

 National Teacher of Uzbekistan ( 2009 )  
 Honored Worker of Public Education of the Republic of Uzbekistan ( 2006 ) 
 Excellence in Public Education of the Republic of Uzbekistan ( 2009 ) 
 Order “20 Years of Independence of Uzbekistan” ( 2011 )

Notes

Other websites
 Mamlakat on Facebook
 Mamlakat on Instagram

Living people
1948 births
Stacy's Mom

"Stacy's Mom" is a pop rock song by the American rock band Fountains of Wayne. It was on their third studio album, Welcome Interstate Managers. "Stacy's Mom" was released on the radio on May 20, 2003. The song was released as the main single from Welcome Interstate Managers on September 29, 2003. The album was released through S-Curve Records and Virgin Records. "Stacy's Mom" was written by bassist Adam Schlesinger and vocalist Chris Collingwood. Both of them created the song alongside Mike Denneen. The song was inspired by Schlesinger's friend when he was young, who had a crush on his grandmother.

Background
"Stacy's Mom" was written by Chris Collingwood and Adam Schlesinger. It is a power pop song.

Chart performance
"Stacy's Mom" debuted on the Billboard Hot 100 the week of October 11, 2003, at number 59. It was their first song to appear on that chart. It peaked at number 21 the week of November 21, 2003. It stayed there for two weeks. It stayed on the chart for seventeen weeks.

Formats and track listing
Europe 7"
 A. "Stacy's Mom" – 3:17
 B. "Trains and Boats and Planes" – 3:02

UK CD (Enhanced)
 1. "Stacy's Mom" – 3:16
 2. "Elevator Up" – 4:02
 3. "Trains and Boats and Planes" – 3:02
 4. "Stacy's Mom" (Video) – 3:16

US CD (Promo)
 1. "Stacy's Mom" – 3:18

Charts and certifications

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

Certifications

Release history

References

Other websites
 

2003 songs
Still Swingin'

Still Swingin' is a song by the American rock band Papa Roach. It was released as the first single from their album "The Connection". It was released on June 24, 2012. The single was well liked by the fans for having the rap-style vocals of the band's early songs.

Chart performance

References

2012 songs
Damon Knight Memorial Grand Master Award

The Damon Knight Memorial Grand Master Award is a lifetime honor from the Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America. The SFWA gives up to one award each year to a writer of fantasy or science fiction. It started in 1975 when Robert Heinlein became the first SFWA Grand Master.  The name Damon Knight was added in 2002. He started the SFWA and died in 2002.

The award is given each year at the SFWA Nebula Awards banquet, but it is not one of the Nebulas. Only SFWA officers and past presidents suggest Grand Masters, and the final choice must be approved by a majority of that group. The winner is announced in advance.

Grand Masters
There have been 34 SFWA Grand Masters in the 44 years from 1974/1975 to 2017/2018.  

 1975 Robert A. Heinlein (1907–1988)
 1976 Jack Williamson (1908–2006)
 1977 Clifford D. Simak (1904–1988)
 1978 —
 1979 L. Sprague de Camp (1907–2000)
 1980 —
 1981 Fritz Leiber (1910–1992)
 1982 —
 1983 —
 1984 Andre Norton (1912–2005)
 1985 —
 1986 Arthur C. Clarke (1917–2008)
 1987 Isaac Asimov (1920–1992)
 1988 Alfred Bester (1913–1987)
 1989 Ray Bradbury (1920–2012)
 1990 —
 1991 Lester del Rey (1915–1993)
 1992 —
 1993 Frederik Pohl (1919–2013)
 1994 —
 1995 Damon Knight (1922–2002)
 1996 A. E. van Vogt (1912–2000)
 1997 Jack Vance (1916–2013)
 1998 Poul Anderson (1926–2001)
 1999 Hal Clement (1922–2003)
 2000 Brian W. Aldiss (1925–2017)
 2001 Philip José Farmer (1918–2009)
 2002 —
 2003 Ursula K. Le Guin (1929–2018)
 2004 Robert Silverberg (1935–)
 2005 Anne McCaffrey (1926–2011)
 2006 Harlan Ellison (1934–2018)
 2007 James Gunn (1923–)
 2008 Michael Moorcock (1939–)
 2009 Harry Harrison (1925–2012)
 2010 Joe Haldeman (1943–)
 2011 —
 2012 Connie Willis (1945–)
 2013 Gene Wolfe (1931–2019)
 2014 Samuel Delany (1942–)
 2015 Larry Niven (1938–)
 2016 C.J. Cherryh (1942–)
 2017 Jane Yolen (1939–)
 2018 Peter S. Beagle (1939–)
 2019 William Gibson (1948–)

References

Science fiction awards
May Hill Arbuthnot

May Hill Arbuthnot (August 27, 1884 – October 2, 1969) was an educator, editor, writer, and critic. She worked to support children's literature. She was listed in the American Libraries  article “100 Most Important Leaders we had for the 20th Century”.

References

Other websites
 The May Hill Arbuthnot Honor Lecture Award
 
 

American children's writers
University of Chicago alumni
Columbia University alumni
1884 births
1969 deaths
Zenaida Moya

Zenaida Victoria Moya is a former mayor of Belize City, Belize. She was mayor from 1 March 2006 to 7 March 2012. She was first elected in the 2006 municipal elections. She is a former member of the United Democratic Party (UDP). Moya was Belize City’s first female mayor.

Living people
Belizean politicians
Mayors
Division of Burt

The Division of Burt is an Australian electoral division in the state of Western Australia.

History

The division was created in 2015. It was named after the Burt family, especially Sir Archibald Burt, Septimus Burt and Sir Francis Burt. The division is in the south-eastern suburbs of Perth. It covers areas that were once in the divisions of Canning, Hasluck and Tangney.

The seat was first contested at the 2016 federal election.

Geography
The seat includes large parts of the City of Gosnells and the City of Armadale and portion of the City of Canning. Suburbs included are:

 Armadale (part)
 Brookdale 
 Camillo 
 Canning Vale 
 Champion Lakes 
 Forrestdale 
 Gosnells (part)
 Harrisdale 
 Haynes
 Hilbert (part)
 Huntingdale 
 Kelmscott 
 Langford
 Piara Waters 
 Seville Grove 
 Southern River 
 Thornlie 
 Wungong (part)

Members

Election results
 2016 election results
 2019 election results

References

Other websites
 Mr Matt Keogh MP, Parliament of Australia

Electoral divisions of Australia
Western Australia
2010s establishments in Australia
2015 establishments
Scott Duncan

Adam Scott Mathieson Duncan (2 November 1888 – 3 October 1976) was a Scottish footballer and manager.

References 

1888 births
1976 deaths
Sakya

The Sakya is the name of one of four major schools of Tibetan Buddhism. Other schools are Nyingma, Kagyu, and Gelug. Sakya is one of the Red Hat sects.

Tibetan Buddhism
Drosophilidae

The Drosophilidae is a huge, widespread  (cosmopolitan) family of flies, which includes the famous fruit flies. The family has over 4000 species in 75 genera. A recent publication lists the species:

There is another unrelated family of flies, the Tephritidae, which includes species also known as "fruit flies".

The best known species of the Drosophilidae is Drosophila melanogaster. This species and its relatives are often used for studies on  genetics, development, physiology, and behaviour.

D. melanogaster is not so much studied in the field as in the laboratory. The best-known studies of Drosophila in a natural environment was done by Dobzhansky and colleagues on Drosophila pseudoobscura from the early 1930s to  1970. Reprints and discussions are in Lewontin et al 2003, and theoretical discussions in Dobzhansky, 1970.

The cells of fruit flies usually do not divide after the imago is hatched. The fruit fly is mostly composed of post-mitotic cells, has a very short lifespan, and shows gradual ageing. As in other species, temperature influences the life history of the animal. They live longer in colder weather. Several genes can be manipulated to extend the lifespan of these insects.

The Drosophilidae has two subfamilies, the Drosophilinae and the Steganinae.

References 

Drosophila
Sara Danius

Sara Maria Danius (5 April 1962 – 12 October 2019) was a Swedish scholar of literature, aesthetics and former member of the Nobel prize in literature committee. Danius was professor of aesthetics at Södertörn University, docent of literature at Uppsala University and professor in literary science at Stockholm University.

Danius was a member of the Swedish Academy and its first female permanent secretary. She was one of the central figures in the 2018 controversies resulting in the cancellation of the Nobel Prize in Literature that year and the following restructuring of the academy. She was born in Täby.

Danius died on 12 October 2019, aged 57, after having suffered from breast cancer for several years.

Bibliography 
Försök om litteratur, Stockholm: Bonnier, 1998. .
Prousts motor, Stockholm: Bonnier, 2000. .
The senses of modernism: technology, perception, and aesthetics, Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2002. .
The prose of the world: Flaubert and the art of making things visible, Uppsala: Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis, 2006. 
Voices: contemporary ceramic art from Sweden, Stockholm: Carlsson, 2006. .
Proust-Benjamin : om fotografin, 2011. .
Näsa för nyheter : essä om James Joyce, 2013. .
Den blå tvålen: Romanen och konsten att göra saker och ting synliga, 2013. .
Husmoderns död och andra texter, Stockholm: Bonnier, 2014. .
Om Bob Dylan, 2018. .

References

Other websites 
 
 Sara Danius, bei Hanser-Verlag

1962 births
2019 deaths
Deaths from breast cancer
Literary critics
Swedish academics
Swedish critics
Steganinae

The Steganinae is the smaller of two subfamilies in the fruit fly family Drosophilidae. The other subfamily is the Drosophilinae.

References 

Drosophila
Drosophilinae

The Drosophilinae are the largest subfamily in the Drosophilidae. The other subfamily is the Steganinae.

A huge amount of research has shown the way the fly has evolved many species as it spread across the world.

The genus Drosophila is paraphyletic because several genera (with many species), such as Zaprionus, Scaptomyza and Lordiphosa, are within the genus. What this means is that they have evolved from more standard Drosophila over time. This is pretty well supported by the evidence of their genome.

In taxonomy, there are two ways of solving this kind of problem:
Genus Drosophila could be raised to a supergenus, or the related offshoot genera could be demoted to subgenera.

References 

Drosophila
Bantam, Ohio

Bantam is an unincorporated community in Clermont County, Ohio, in the United States.

References

Unincorporated communities in Ohio
Wheelchair rugby

Wheelchair rugby is a team sport for athletes who are differently abled. It is played in over twenty-five countries around the world. It is a summer Paralympic game. It is also called as quad rugby in the United States.

Summer Paralympic Games