cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Sofia Mendoza

Sofia Mendoza (1934-2015) was an activist. She worked towards improving the East San Jose, California community.

Accomplishments 
Mendoza started a group in East San Jose called “United People Arriba”. United People Arriba watched the police. They watch that people of color were treated equally to white people. She also lead a walk-out. The protest was to stop discrimination in local schools. The government counts the number of students in school to know how much money to give the school. In this walk-out, Sofia Mendoza proved that students had the power to not show up. This action could cause the school to lose money.

Death 
Mendoza died at the age of 80, in Santa Clara. She was supposed to have surgery before she died.

Legacy 
Mendoza died in 2015. She left behind the idea that people are always stronger when they work together in groups. 

Despite the fact that she left behind an important legacy, she did not receive any awards for her actions.

References 

1934 births
2015 deaths
People from California
Activists
Economy of the United States

The economy of the United States is the world's largest national economy and the world's second-largest overall economy, the GDP of the European Union being approximately $2 trillion larger. The nominal GDP of the United States was estimated to be $21.4 trillion in 2019, approximately a quarter of nominal global GDP. Its GDP at purchasing power parity is the second-largest in the world, behind China. It has approximately a fifth of global GDP at purchasing power parity.

References
Shadnagar

Shadnagar is a town and assembly constituency in the Ranga Reddy district in Hyderabad, Telangana, India. As part of the district reorganization of Telangana Government, Shadnagar separated from Mahabubnagar district and merged into Ranga Reddy district headquarters. Shadnagar also has ISRO centre (NRSC) which is very famous centre for data reception from various satellites. Famous people like Bill Gates have visited this place. It is very near to the Hyderabad International Airport (30 km) and 50 km to Hyderabad.

Towns in India
Telangana
Sukhinder Singh Cassidy

Sukhinder Singh Cassidy (born Sukhinder Singh in 1970) is an entrepreneur. She founded many technology companies. In the beginning of her career, she worked for Amazon, BskyB, and Merrill Lynch. She founded a business called Yodlee.

Education 
Cassidy was born in Tanzania. She lived in Canada as a child. She went to college at the University of Western Ontario, Canada. She studied Business Administration.

Career 
By the age of 25, her goal was to start her very own business. Cassidy is known for leading many online businesses such as theBoardlist, Joyus, and StubHub. Cassidy also worked as CEO of Polyvore for some time. It is an online marketplace. Additionally, she worked for more than 5 years as president of one of Google's international businesses. She has led to the growth of many tech businesses. She still works as chairman of many companies including theBoardlist and Joyus. She continues to be a board member of Urban outfitters. Her goal is to assign women in to more leading positions on boards and lead successfully.

References 

1970 births
Living people
Businesspeople from California
Brenda Villa

Brenda Villa (born April 18, 1980) is an American water polo player and coach.

Childhood and family 
Brenda Villa is a three time Olympic medalist in Water Polo. She was born in Commerce, California. She started playing Water Polo at age 8 at the Commerce Aquatorium. She was inspired to take up Water Polo by her brother Edgar. Edgar pushed her to become stronger and better. She was always looking for his approval. Another challenge was that she was playing against older kids who were mostly boys. There were not enough girls to make a team.

Education 
Villa graduated from high school in 1998. She earned a college scholarship to Stanford for her skills in Water Polo. She was named the top collegiate player on the Stanford Women’s Water Polo team. Villa is famous for her accomplishments in Water Polo which have earned her several Olympic medals.

Professional life 
Brenda started playing for the US National Team in 1998. She helped them qualify for the Olympics. She and her teammates appeared on CNBC, MSNBC, and NBC. In 2003, her team won the World Championship in Water Polo. Villa was also a big part in the Pan Am championships. Right now, she is working as the Water Polo Coach at Castilleja School in Palo Alto, California, USA. Villa is possibly going to be recognized in the Olympic Hall of Fame.

References 

1980 births
Living people
American Olympic bronze medalists
American Olympic gold medalists
American Olympic silver medalists
American water polo players
Sportspeople from Los Angeles County, California
Sportswomen
Water polo coaches
Anna Wang

Anna Wang is a founder of Friends of Children with Special Needs (FCSN), a co-founder of Autism Parents Task Force, and the founder of Dream Achievers Band.  A founder is a person who starts an organization. FCSN opened in Fremont, California, in 2006. 

Wang is married to Albert Wang. They have three kids. Lawrence Wang is the middle child and was diagnosed with autism at a young age. Wang talks about how in Chinese communities, people don’t talk about their kids with special needs. When Wang figured out her son had autism, she did not know what to do. Over time, she found a therapist for her son. Soon, other families learned how Wang was taking care of her son. This inspired other families with children that had special needs to meet up. Soon, five families met up to talk about their children with autism. These meetings were the start of Friends of Children with Special Needs. Friends of Children with Special Needs officially opened in 2006 making Fremont its headquarters. Dream Achievers Band is a group of kids with autism that play music.

Wang was an electrical engineer, and her husband was a doctor.

References 

Living people
People from California
Activists
Chengdu J-20

The Chengdu J-20 is an airplane China uses that was designed to fight other airplanes. It has stealth, which means it is very hard for radar to see it. It also has 2 engines, one seat, and can fly good in all weather. It started being used by China in March 2017. It has canards, which are tiny wings in front of the main set of bigger wings that help it stay in the air. It is the world's third working stealth fighter. The first is the F-22 and the second is the F-35. It can fly 1.7 times faster than sound.

The Pentagon said that their files on the F-35 were hacked by someone from China. Some people think that this hack helped the Chinese build the J-20 faster.

China
Military aircraft
Aimee Allison

Aimee Allison (born 1969) is a political activist. Aimee Allison is working for equality. She is President of Democracy in Color and founder of She the People.

Childhood and Life 
Growing up, Allison admired her parents. Her mother was a civil rights activist. Her father was a scientist. She was inspired by her parents to get into political activism. When Allison was 17 years old, she joined the army. After being a soldier in the first Gulf War, she realized that she did not agree with fighting wars. Allison became a "conscientious objector," someone who is against war. Allison lives in Oakland, California, USA.

Accomplishments 
Allison went to college and studied history. She went to graduate school and studied education. She studied at Stanford University. In 2006, Allison was elected to the Oakland city council. By 2016 she had two degrees and had co-authored a book about the military and war.

Famous For   
Allison is known for founding “She the People,” an organization that promotes women of color to be leaders. “She the People” has a project called “Get in Formation.” It inspires African-American women to vote. Because women of color are voting, different people are elected as leaders.

References 

1969 births
Living people
People from California
Activists
Kimberly Bryant

Kimberly Bryant (born January 14 1967) is the founder of Black Girls Code (BGC). Black Girls Code is a nonprofit organization teaching girls to write code for computers. It also teaches girls to be leaders.

Childhood and Family 
Bryant grew up in Memphis, Tennessee, USA. Bryant wanted to work as a lawyer until she discovered computer science.  Her brother taught her about computer science. Years later, she noticed her daughter loved to play video games. She enrolled  her daughter in a computer science camp at Stanford. Her daughter was very upset from the camp. The camp was all boys, so her daughter felt alone. Bryant wanted to change girls' experience with learning about computers.

Accomplishments 
Bryant helps women of color to be more involved in STEM. Black Girls Code started in a basement in San Francisco. Now, Black Girls Code teaches 3,000 girls and uses 1,300 volunteers. They have 13 chapters in the U.S., as well as one in South Africa.

References 

Living people
People from California
1967 births
Bhupathy's purple frog

Bhupathy's purple frog (Nasikabatrachus bhupathi) is a frog species belonging to the family Sooglossidae. It lives in the Western Ghat mountains in India.  It is a purple cave frog that lives underground almost all the time.

Bodies
Many species of frog dig underground a little, but Bhupathy's purple frogs live undergound almost all the time.  They have front limbs shaped like shovels for digging and long noses so they can stick their tongues aboveground and lick the surface to catch ants to eat.  They do not have shoot-and-pull-back tongues like other frogs. 

Adult frogs have purple skins and a thin blue ring around each eye.

The frog has one close relative, the purple frog, N. sahyadrensis, which was first found in the Western Ghats in 2003.

Life cycle
The tadpoles do not swim in ponds or streams.  Instead, they grab the stones behind waterfalls, where they spend six months eating algae. Young frogs, called imagos, have brown skin. They turn purple when they are adults.

Adult frogs only come aboveground when the rain falls at the beginning of the northeast monsoon season, when they find mates.

Discovery
Scientists from Hyderabad's Center for Cellular and Molecular Biology discovered the frog in 2017.  They named the frog after scientist Dr. Subramaniam Bhupathy, who died in the Western Ghat Mountains in 2014.  They wrote about N. bhupathi in Alytes, the official magazine of the International Society for the Study and Conservation of Amphibians.  They found N. bhupathi by listening for frog sounds coming up from underground.

"This frog lineage is very ancient, and has a very low diversity, so this finding is very special and unusual," said Elizabeth Prendini of the American Museum of Natural History, who helped write the scientific paper about the discovery.

The scientists did not to say exactly where they found the sample frogs because it was on private property.

This discovery was paid for by the Indian government in a project to sample the DNA of every frog in the country.

Other ideas
Some scientists said that because N. bhupathy, which lives in India, has close relatives in the Seychelles, which are close to Africa, it is likely that the Gondwanaland idea of why the continents are where they are is right.  This idea says that Africa and India used to be one large continent, called Gondwanaland.

References

Frogs
India
Animals of Asia
Horsetooth Reservoir

Horsetooth Reservoir is a man-made lake just west of Fort Collins, Colorado, in southern Larimer County made for recreation purposes, and is the main water supply for the Poudre Valley. The reservoir was a part of the Colorado-Big Thompson project. This project was made to move water from the west slope to the east slope. The water is used for local farms, hydropower, and drinking water for Northern Colorado. The lake is 6.5 miles long and had 25 miles of shore line with 4 camping areas, 111 campsites total, and 4 boat-launch areas. The primary activities are fishing, power boating, water skiing, hiking, and camping.

History 
This reservoir was created on top of the town of Stout. Stout was a small town with a population of 47 1/2. This town had a sandstone mine, and had a railroad that went through it. This town turned into a gost town and horsetooth reservoir was build on top of it. To this day when the water is low enough visitors can still see the buildings where Stout used to be. Horsetooth reservoirs damn began being built in 1949. In 1954, the water was used for farms until the 1970 and then only 80 percent of the water was used for farms. In the 1990's just a little over half of the water supply was used for farms and the other half was used for drinking and hydropower. This reservoir was the largest created during the Colorado-Big Thompson project. Building was finished in 1949 and water first entered the reservoir in 1951. Horsetooth was given its name because of an Arapaho legand that on the west side of the reservoir at the top of a mountain. There is a rock that Natives thought looked like a giant's heart and then later decided that it looked more like a horse's tooth.

Activities 
 Biking 
 Boating
 Camping
 Enviromantal Education
 Fishing
Swiming
 Hiking 
 Picnicking
 Water Sports
 Wildlife Viewing

References
Catahoula Leopard Dog

Catahoula Leopard dog is a medium sized hunting dog also known as the Catahoula cur, Catahoula hog dog, and Catahoula hound. The breed lives about 10 to 14 years. Catahoula dog has Native American roots and its name means "scared lake". Catahoula are from Louisiana and is the state's mascot. These dogs typically are medium-sized with a short coat varying with patterns and eyes that differ in color. Catahoulas were bred through the Blood hound, Spanish mastiff and Greyhound. The Breed is known to the American Kennel Club (AKC). AKC has grouped the breed as a stock service animal.

Temperament 
Catahoula is a high energy-level breed that requires a lot of activities such as fetching, walking, running or hiking. Catahoula's need a lot of attention with other dogs and humans.

Dog show qualifications 
The Catahoula is recognized by many kennel clubs, which allows the dog to be in dog shows. The two most popular kennel clubs is AKC and UKC. If one wishes to show their Catahoula leopard dog, she must be permanently registered and have a licensing number through the kennel club chosen. Not only should the breed be licensed, they are required to be well-kept, and not be a mixed breed.

Head requirements 
The head of the Catahoula should look strong, the mouth should look nicely even with the head and not deformed. The Leopard dog's head and mouth should be parallel, which sometimes causes wrinkles on the forehead.

Teeth 
In-order to be show ready, the dog must have full white teeth with nice pink gums. A sharp bite is ideal but teeth that may be worn or broken is okay.

Eyes 
Eyes should look medium sized, sort of rounded with varying eye colors or mix of colors. Eyes that may be deformed such as being un-centered; sagging of the eyelids; wired movability of eyelids or eyelashes can be a disqualification.

Ears 
Ears flop to the side with a short to medium triangular shape. The top of the ear should be even to the head. When alert, the tip of the ear lays close to the cheek. No Catahoula for show can have cropped ears.

Body requirement 
The body should look strong with a broad chest. Catahoula's front legs and back legs should be medium length. When feet are being looked at, the dogs paws should be well groomed and have good webbing between toes.

References 

Dog breeds
Steven Crowder

Steven Blake Crowder (; born July 7, 1987) is a conservative American-Canadian comedian, actor and political commentator.

Early life and career
Crowder was born in Michigan in 1987. His mother is a French Canadian. Crowder grew up in Montreal. When Crowder was 12 years old, he played a cartoon bear nicknamed Brain in the television show Arthur. Crowder was also in Canadian television commercials.

Crowder started doing stand-up comedy at Just for Laughs when he was 18. In 2005, Crowder played a Canadian convenience store manager in the movie 3 Needles. Crowder was also Brain in an animated movie called Arthur’s Missing Pal. Crowder played a character called Party Kid in the horror movie, The Covenant. Crowder played a boy in a classroom in the horror movie The Secret. Crowder played a person playing baseball in the children’s movie the Velveteen Rabbit. Crowder played an important character in the Christian movie, To Save a Life.

In 2009, Crowder started working as a right-wing political commentator for Fox News. Crowder filmed comedy videos for conservative websites. In 2013, Fox News fired Crowder.

In 2015, Crowder filmed a series of videos of himself and some other people commenting on left-wing politics and telling jokes about it from a conservative point of view and posted the videos on the Internet as a conservative political comedy called Louder with Crowder.

In 2018, Crowder started going to colleges across the country sitting at a table with a sign saying that he has a conservative position on a specific controversial topic (male privilege, socialism, guns and abortion have been some of them) and asks people to change his mind. Crowder voted for Donald Trump in 2016.

In 2019, YouTube stopped letting Crowder make money from posting Louder with Crowder videos in response to a gay Hispanic journalist named Carlos Maza saying that Crowder was bullying him after Crowder used homophobic language to describe him.

Personal life
In 2012, Steven Crowder married a woman named Hilary Korzon. Both before and after the wedding, Crowder argued in favor of sexual abstinence before marriage.

Filmography

References

1987 births
Living people
Comedians from Michigan
American Christians
American voice actors
Canadian comedians
Fox News people
Actors from Michigan
James Holzhauer

James Holzhauer (born July 8, 1984) is the third-highest winner on the American television game show Jeopardy!, and the third-highest winner on a game show.

Holzhauer won 32 games, earning $2,642,216. His winning streak lasted from April 4, 2019 to June 3, 2019. During his winning streak, he broke several show records. On April 9, 2019, Holzhauer broke the one-day record with $110,914, breaking the previous record of $77,000 set by Roger Craig in 2010. He breaks his own record with $131,127 on April 17, 2019. He is the first and only player in the show's history to win $100,000 or more in a single game; and he holds the top sixteen spots for most single-day winnings.

On June 3, 2019, Holzhauer lost to a player named Emma Boettcher, who won three games of her own after that. They were both brought back for the Tournament of Champions, which aired November 4-15, 2019. In the tournament, Holzhauer defeated Boettcher in the two-day final, winning the $250,000 prize.

In January 2020, Holzhauer faced off against Ken Jennings and Brad Rutter in Jeopardy! The Greatest of All-Time, finishing in second place with Jennings winning the $1,000,000 first prize and Holzhauer taking home $250,000 for second palce.

1980s births
Living people
People from Las Vegas, Nevada
Jeopardy! Battle of the Decades

The Jeopardy! Battle of the Decades was a special tournament held during the 30th season of the American television game show Jeopardy! It featured 45 contestants who won or competed in the Tournament of Champions in the past. The field of contestants were broken up into three decades (1984-1993, 1994-2003, and 2004-2013), and contestants from their respective decade competed against one another. There were five matches per decade, deciding who advances to the quarterfinal round of the tournament to compete for $1,000,000. The first decade aired in February 2014. The second one aired in March 2014. And the third aired in April 2014. The rest of the tournament (quarterfinals, semifinals, and finals) aired May 5-16, 2014.

The finals featured Ken Jennings against Brad Rutter and Roger Craig. At the time, Jennings was the biggest money winner on a game show. However, Rutter won the two-day final and the $1,000,000 top prize, reclaiming the game show record.

Related pages 
Jeopardy! Tournament of Champions

Jeopardy!
John R. Broxson

John Ray Broxson (June 10, 1932 – December 9, 2019) was an American politician. He was a member of the Democratic Party. He was born in Holley, Florida. Broxson was a member of the Florida Senate from 1967 through 1971. He was also the Santa Rosa County sheriff. 

Broxson died on December 9, 2019 in Milton, Florida at the age of 87.

References

1932 births
2019 deaths
State legislators of the United States
Politicians from Florida
US Democratic Party politicians
Holley, Florida

Holley is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in Santa Rosa County, Florida, United States. Its population was 1,630 as of the 2010 census.

References

Unincorporated communities in Florida
Census-designated places in Florida
Imre Varga

Imre Varga (1 November 1923 – 9 December 2019) was a Hungarian sculptor, painter, designer and graphic artist. He was thought of as one of Hungary's most important living artists, 
and he has been called one of the "most skilled sculptors in Hungary." He was born in Siófok, Hungary. His best known works were the Statue of Raoul Wallenberg in Tel Aviv and the Holocaust memorial at the Dohány Street Synagogue in Budapest.

Varga died in Budapest on 9 December 2019 at the age of 96.

References

1923 births
2019 deaths
Sculptors
Painters
People from Budapest
Philip McKeon

Philip Anthony McKeon (November 11, 1964 – December 10, 2019) was an American actor. He was known for playing the role of Tommy Hyatt on the sitcom Alice from 1976 to 1985.

McKeon died in Wimberley, Texas on December 10, 2019 after a long-illness, aged 55.

References

Other websites
 

1964 births
2019 deaths
Disease-related deaths in Texas
American movie actors
American television actors
American child actors
Actors from New York
Westbury, New York

Westbury is a village in Nassau County, New York, United States. The population was 15,146 at the 2010 census.

References

Villages in New York
Polly Holliday

Polly Dean Holliday (born July 2, 1937) is an American actress. She is best known for her role as the sassy waitress Florence Jean "Flo" Castleberry on the 1970s sitcom Alice, which she replayed in its short-lived spin-off, Flo. She was born in Jasper, Alabama.

In 1978 and 1979, Holliday won two Golden Globe Awards. In 1984, she won a Saturn Award.

References

Other websites
 

Golden Globe Award winning actors
Saturn Award winners
1937 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
Actors from Alabama
People from Jasper, Alabama
Alice (TV series)

Alice is an American sitcom television series that aired on CBS from August 31, 1976, to March 19, 1985. The series is based on the 1974 movie Alice Doesn't Live Here Anymore.

The show stars Linda Lavin in the main role, a widow who moves with her young son to start life over again, and finds a job working at a roadside diner in Phoenix, Arizona. The series also stars Vic Tayback, Beth Howland, Philip McKeon, Polly Holliday, Diane Ladd, Celia Weston and Charles Levin with Marvin Kaplan.

In 1979, the show won the Golden Globe Award for Best Television Series – Musical or Comedy.

Other websites
 

Golden Globe Award winning programs
1976 television series debuts
1985 television series endings
1980s American comedy television series
1970s American comedy television series
CBS network shows
English-language television programs
Jim Smith (footballer, born 1940)

James Michael Smith (17 October 1940 – 10 December 2019) was an English footballer and manager.

Career
As a player, he made 249 appearances in the Fourth Division of The Football League, representing Aldershot, Halifax Town, Lincoln City and Colchester United, and played for three-and-a-half years for Boston United of the Northern Premier League. 

He began a long managerial career with Boston United, and went on to take charge of clubs in all divisions of the Football League and in the Conference National.

Death
Smith died on 10 December 2019 at the age of 79.

Managerial statistics

References

1940 births
2019 deaths
Sportspeople from Sheffield
English footballers
English football managers
Public law

Public law is a branch of law about the relations of individuals with the government and the organization and conduct of the government itself.

In public law there is:

a. Constitutional law: basic law of the state.

b. Administrative law: fixes the powers and duties of the state.

c. Criminal law: the state says what penalties there are for crimes committed by individuals or businesses.

The other kind of law is private law.

Types of law
Boston United F.C.

Boston United Football Club is an English football club based in Boston, Lincolnshire. The club participates in the National League North, the sixth tier of English football. 

Boston's neighbours include Lincoln City, Scunthorpe United and Grimsby Town.

Boston United were members of the Football League from 2002 until 2007.

References

English football clubs
Bérénice Marlohe

Bérénice Lim Marlohe (born 19 May 1979) is a French actress. She played Bond girl Sévérine in the twenty-third James Bond movie Skyfall. She was born in Paris.

References

Other websites
 

1979 births
Living people
French movie actors
French television actors
French stage actors
French voice actors
Actors from Paris
Actresses who played Bond girls
Alison Cronin

Alison Lorraine Cronin, MBE (born September 1966) is the director of Monkey World in Dorset, England, a place of refuge for primates that have been treated badly and not taken care of properly, from the United States. She is widely accepted to be an international expert in rescuing and rehabilitating such primates, and enforcing international treaties aimed at protecting them from illegal trade and experimentation.

Alison Cronin and her husband got an MBE in 2006 for Services to Animal Welfare, as well as starting the Endangered Asian Species Trust.

Early life and career
Alison Cronin was born in September 1966 as Alison Lorraine Ames in San Diego, California. She studied biological anthropology at Cambridge University. She met Jim Cronin at Monkey World in 1993 while she was living in the UK. They married in 1996. They were joint directors of Monkey World. After her husband died, Cronin continued running the site and working against the illegal transportation of animals.

Alison Cronin became known through the television series Monkey Business, which was made by Meridian Broadcasting and shown on ITV Meridian in the UK and on Animal Planet worldwide, which has recorded the frequent rescue missions and undercover investigations all around Europe and Asia. The show began in 1998 with Monkey Business, which was then replaced with Monkey Life in 2007. It covers the low and high-profile rescues, one of the most dramatic being in January 2008 when Cronin led a huge rescue of 88 Capuchin monkeys from Chile.

In 2008, Alison Cronin led the creation of the Dao Tien Endangered Primate Rescue Centre located in Cát Tiên National Park, Southern Vietnam which is a rescue, rehabilitation, and release centre focusing on golden-cheeked gibbons, black-shanked douc langurs, silvered langurs, and pygmy loris. Alison Cronin has written on primates as well as fought to get legislation changed to protect the primates.

In 2018, Cronin was awarded an honorary degree from Oxford Brookes University for her work.

References

Other websites
Monkey World

1966 births
Naturalised citizens of the United Kingdom
Members of the Order of the British Empire
Living people
Zozibini Tunzi

Zozibini Tunzi (born 18 September 1993) is a South African model and beauty pageant titleholder. She was crowned Miss Universe 2019. Tunzi had  been crowned Miss South Africa 2019. She is the third woman from South Africa to win the title, and the first black woman since Leila Lopes was crowned Miss Universe 2011.

References

Miss Universe winners
1993 births
Living people
South African models
South African people
Percival Lowell

Percival Lawrence Lowell (; March 13, 1855 – November 12, 1916) was an American businessman, author, mathematician, and astronomer.  He founded the Lowell Observatory in Flagstaff, Arizona. He started the effort that led to the discovery of Pluto 14 years after his death.

His reputation was damaged by his belief in canals on Mars. This idea was counter-attacked by Alfred Russel Wallace.

References 

American astronomers
Businesspeople from Boston, Massachusetts
Scientists from Boston, Massachusetts
Eretmophorus kleinenbergi

Eretmophorus kleinenbergi is a species of morid cod found in the Mediterranean Sea and possibly into the Atlantic Ocean. This species grows to  in length. It is the only known member of its genus.

References
 

Teleosts
Rose Cousins

Rosanne Millicent Cousins (born April 21, 1977) is a Canadian folk and pop music singer-songwriter. She was born in Prince Edward Island. She had two extended play records. In 2006, she released her first full-length studio album If You Were for Me. Cousins was nominated for the best solo artist at the Canadian Folk Music Awards. She was a winner of the 2007 Mountain Stage Newsong Contest. Next, she won the best folk recording in the Nova Scotia Music Awards and PEI Music Awards. Then she won Female Recording of the Year at the East Coast Music Awards in 2008.

Cousins followed her first studio album with The Send Off in 2009. For this, she was named contemporary singer at the Canadian Folk Music Awards in 2010. She released We Have Made a Spark in 2012. She won a Juno Award in 2013. Her next album, Bravada, has a February 2020 release date.

References

1977 births
Living people
Award winners
Canadian singer-songwriters
People from Prince Edward Island
Danielius Dolskis

Danielius Dolskis (April 13, 1891 – December 3, 1931) was a Lithuanian singer in the Russian Empire.

Danielius Dolskis sang in Saint Petersburg until 1917. He also sang in Moscow, Odessa, and Kiev. After the October Revolution, he moved to Riga, Latvia. In 1929, Danielius Dolskis moved to Kaunas, Lithuania, where he sang in restaurants.

Danielius Dolskis got pneumonia in 1931 after a performance. He died several days later.

References 

1891 births
1931 deaths
Lithuanian Jews
Pop singers
International Mountain Day

International Mountain Day is a day to show the need for sustainable use of mountains. It is held on 11 December of every year.

The day was set up by the United Nations in 1992. It was then celebrated for the first time in 2003.

References 

Observances
Mountains
Jay Bruce

Jay Allen Bruce (born April 3, 1987) is an American professional baseball corner outfielder for the Philadelphia Phillies of Major League Baseball (MLB). Before he played for the Phillies, he played for the Cincinnati Reds, New York Mets, Cleveland Indians, and Seattle Mariners. The Reds chose Bruce in the first round, 12th overall pick, of the 2005 Major League Baseball draft (where teams chose their players).  He started playing in MLB in 2008. Bruce has been named an All-Star three times during his career, and has won the Silver Slugger Award twice.

1987 births
Cincinnati Reds players
Cleveland Indians players
Living people
National League All-Stars
New York Mets players
People from Beaumont, Texas
Philadelphia Phillies players
Seattle Mariners players
Daisuke Matsuzaka

is a Japanese professional baseball pitcher who currently plays for the Saitama Seibu Lions  . He has played for the Boston Red Sox and New York Mets of Major League Baseball (MLB) and the Seibu Lions ,Fukuoka SoftBank Hawks and Chunichi Dragons  of Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB).

Matsuzaka was selected the MVP of the inaugural and the second World Baseball Classic, and is an Olympic bronze medalist.

He is the first player to have won both a World Series and a World Baseball Classic.

1980 births
Boston Red Sox players
Japanese Olympic bronze medalists
Living people
Medalists at the 2004 Summer Olympics
New York Mets players
Sportspeople from Tokyo
National Center for Biotechnology Information

The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), is part of the United States National Institutes of Health.  It has a database where scientists can put information for other people to read and use, especially information about molecules and the way they affect and create living things.

According to its own website, NCBI's goal is to make it easier for people to invent new technology that can be used to study molecules and genes.  It also sets up meetings for scientists to talk to each other, trains new scientists, develops computer-based ways of studying information, and conducts scientific research on its own.

Beginning
In 1988, United States Senator Claude Pepper proposed the law that would create NCBI, and the rest of the United States Congress passed it.

References

1998 establishments in the United States
Research organizations in the United States
United States Department of Health and Human Services
United States government agencies
Ultar Sar

Ultar Sar is a  mountain in the Karakoram range, in Pakistan. It is also known as Ultar Peak, Ultar II, Bojohagur Duanasir II, and simply as Ultar. Ultar Sar is part of the Batura Muztagh subrange. It is the 69th highest mountain in the world.

The first people to reach the top were Akito Yamazaki and Kiyoshi Matsuoka, in 1996. It is a very difficult and dangerous climb.

References 

Mountains of Pakistan
Gilgit-Baltistan
Karakoram
Floor leader

A floor Leader, also known as a caucus leader, is a leader of their political party in a body of a legislature. They are also called Leaders of the House.

Politics
David Bellamy

David James Bellamy  (18 January 1933 – 11 December 2019) was an English author, broadcaster, environmental campaigner and botanist.

Bellamy wrote, appeared in or presented hundreds of television programmes on botany, ecology, environmentalism and other issues. His television series included Bellamy on Botany, Bellamy's Britain, Bellamy's Europe and Bellamy's Backyard Safari.

Bellamy died on the morning of 11 December 2019 in Durham, aged 86.

References

1933 births
2019 deaths
Environmentalists
English botanists
English television presenters
English television actors
Writers from London
Scientists from London
Actors from London
Veijo Puhjo

Veijo Olavi Puhjo (26 June 1948 – 9 December 2019) was a Finnish politician. He was a member of Finnish Parliament, representing the Left Alliance. He was elected in 1995 and retired in 2001. He was born in Loimaa, Finland. Puhjo was born in Loimaa, Finland.

Puhjo died on 9 December 2019 in Pori, Finland at the age of 71.

References

Other websites
Parliament of Finland: Veijo Puhjo

1948 births
2019 deaths
Finnish politicians
Sherman Howard (American football)

Sherman John Howard (November 28, 1924 – December 5, 2019) was an professional American football player. He played professionally as a halfback for four seasons in the National Football League (NFL) with the New York Yanks and Cleveland Browns. He was born in New Orleans, Louisiana.

Howard died in Chicago on December 5, 2019 at the age of 95.

References

1924 births
2019 deaths
Cleveland Browns players
American military personnel of World War II
Sportspeople from Chicago
Military people from Chicago
Sportspeople from New Orleans, Louisiana
Henry Ward Beecher

Henry Ward Beecher (June 24, 1813 – March 8, 1887) was an American clergyman, social reformer, and speaker. As the pastor of a Congregational church in Brooklyn he became famous for his work to end slavery.

1813 births
1887 deaths
American abolitionists
American activists
Christian ministers
Congregationalists
Urethral sphincters

In mammals, the Urethal sphincters are two muscles that control the exit of urine from the bladder through the uretha. If either of them contracts, the uretha is sealed shut. In male mammals, one of the muscles is placed around the uretha. In female mammals, it is placed on the side of the vagina. In male mammals, the muscles are also used to transport the sperm, when an erection happens. 

Anatomy of the urinary system
Chipko Movement

The Chipko movement was a group action in India with the goal of saving trees. This is mainly done through the act of hugging trees to protect them from being cut. It was also known as Chipko Andolan. Those who were part of it used nonviolent protests. The Chipko movement began in the early 1970s in Uttarakhand. It then spread to Uttar Pradesh. By the 1980s it had spread across most of India.

The Chipko movement lead to a change in policies to stop the clear cutting of trees in some regions. (Clear cutting is a type of logging where all trees in an area are cut down).

Chipko movement was started by Sunderlal Bahuguna.

The name of the Chipko moment originated from the word 'embrace' as the villagers used to hug the trees and protect them from wood cutters from cutting them. In 1731, the king of Jodhpur in Rajasthan asked one of his ministers to arrange wood for constructing a new palace. The minister and workers went to a forest near a village, inhabited by Bishnois, to cut down trees. A Bishnoi woman Amrita Devi showed exemplary courage by hugging a tree and daring king’s men to cut her first before cutting the tree. The tree mattered much more to her than her own life. Sadly, the king’s men did not heed to her pleas, and cut down the tree along with Amrita Devi. Her three daughters and hundreds of other Bishnois followed her, and thus lost their lives saving trees. The incident inspired the several other rural women, who launched such similar movements in different parts of India. The Chipko Movement gained momentum under Sunderlal Bahuguna, an activist, who spent his whole life persuading and educating the villagers, to protest against the destruction of the forests and the Himalayan mountains by the government. The chipko protests achieved a major victory in 1980 with a 15 years ban on tree felling in the Himalayan forests of the state by the order of Mrs. Indira Gandhi.

References 

Protests in the 20th century
Indian culture
Gollapudi Maruti Rao

Gollapudi Maruti Rao (14 April 1939 – 12 December 2019) was an Indian actor and screenwriter. He was born in Vizianagaram, British India (present day Andhra Pradesh). He was known for his roles in Samsaram Oka Chadarangam, Yamudiki Mogudu and Aditya 369. He also wrote many plays such as: Rendu Rellu Aaru, Patita, Karuninchani Devatalu, Mahanatudu, Kaalam Venakku Tirigindi and in Aasayaalaku Sankellu''.

Rao died at a private hospital in Chennai, India on 12 December 2019 from an illness, aged 80.

References

Other websites
 

1939 births
2019 deaths
Disease-related deaths in India
Indian movie actors
Indian playwrights
Indian stage actors
Indian screenwriters
Momhil Sar

Momhil Sar is a  mountain in the Karakoram range, in Pakistan. Momhil Sar is part of the Hispar Muztagh subrange. It is the 63rd highest mountain in the world.

The first people to reach the top were Hans Schell and his expedition, in 1965.

References 

Mountains of Pakistan
Gilgit-Baltistan
Karakoram
Atlantic cod

Atlantic cod is a species of cod which occurs in the northern part of the Atlantic Ocean. The younger fish live near the surface of the ocean, the older ones near the sea floor. Atlantic cod is one of the species of cod that has been consumed by humans. The atlantic cod feeds on other, smaller fish (for example herring), as well as molluscs.

References 

Bony fish
Gowling WLG

Gowling WLG is a multinational law firm. It was formed by the merger of Canada-based Gowlings and UK-based Wragge Lawrence Graham & Co in February 2016. This was the first multinational law firm merger between British and Canadian firms. As of 2020, it is 16th on The Lawyer UK 200 list of best law firms.

Gowling WLG International Limited is an English company limited by guarantee. The two limited liability partnerships of Gowling WLG (Canada) LLP and Gowling WLG (UK) LLP are members of it. The two partnerships provide legal services. They are financially separate.

This is a fairly loose association, where each "partner" does the legal work for its own country. Therefore regulators in each country know who is responsible for any particular case.

Offices

The firm has 19 offices in Canada, the UK, continental Europe, the Middle East, China and Singapore. Gowling WLG plans to grow in Germany and East Asia in the near future.

References

Other websites
 Official website

Companies of the United Kingdom
Companies of Canada
Law
Mortal Engines Quartet

The Mortal Engines Quartet is a fantasy novel series by British author, Philip Reeve.

A prequel series, Fever Crumb, set 600 years before the events of the Quartet, was published between 2009 and 2011. In March 2020 Reeve said "too much time has passed since I wrote the other books, it’s hard to go back to that world" and that he did not intend to publish further books in the series.

On November 18, 2020, upon asked whether Mortal Engines would be rebooted for the television screens, he responded that, while that would be nice, it seemed unlikely.

Books 
 Mortal Engines
 Predator's Gold
 Infernal Devices
 A Darkling Plain

References 

Predator Cities
Fantasy books
Series of books
Icicle

An icicle is a spike of ice formed when water falling from an object freezes.

Various snow spikes are formed on days when the outdoor air temperature is sub freezing and heat from sunlight melts snow or ice on anything sloped. The droplets of water freeze as they loses their heat to the cold air, forming a cone-like shape of ice.

Shape 
Once water starts dripping, it begins to freeze into a certain side. It will melt and freeze over and begin to create icicles. As winter gets longer and temperatures stay in the freezing and sunlight is present, water will just melt and drip alongside the icicle causing them to get longer and sharper. The reason why icicles are pointy is because the water drips in a downward motion. Icicles can range from millimeters to feet in length.

Snow 
Once temperatures reach 32 degrees Fahrenheit (0 degrees Celsius), snow starts to fall. Snow will begin to build on top of each snowflake and sit on whatever surface is present. Snow is white in color and can be from the width of a single strand or hair to even inches long. Although it must be cold in order for snow to fall, it is not frozen rain, but it is a cluster of many crystals falling from the clouds.

Accidents 
Icicles are beautiful, but they can be very dangerous. Icicles have been reported fatal since the 1700's, from falling on people and causing accidents to property being reported. Icicles can cause damage on many structures such as buildings and homes, once ice forms layers the weight of it can cause the structure to fall or break off. Icicles can also be formed on bridges over streets and highways creating a potential danger for nearby motor vehicles passing by.

References 

Meteorology
Snow
Water
Rydberg constant

In spectroscopy, the Rydberg constant is a physical constant relating to the electromagnetic spectra of an atom. Its symbol is  for heavy atoms or  for hydrogen. The constant is named after the Swedish physicist Johannes Rydberg.  The constant first arose as an empirical fitting parameter in the Rydberg formula for the hydrogen spectral series.  Niels Bohr later showed that its value could be calculated from more fundamental constants via his Bohr model. ,  and electron spin g-factor are the most accurately measured physical constants.

The constant is expressed for either hydrogen as , or at the limit of infinite nuclear mass as . In either case, the constant is used to express the limiting value of the highest wavenumber (inverse wavelength) of any photon that can be emitted from an atom, or, alternatively, the wavenumber of the lowest-energy photon capable of ionizing an atom from its ground state. The hydrogen spectral series can be expressed simply in terms of the Rydberg constant for hydrogen  and the Rydberg formula.

In atomic physics, Rydberg unit of energy, symbol Ry, corresponds to the energy of the photon whose wavenumber is the Rydberg constant, i.e. the ionization energy of the hydrogen atom.

References 

Spectroscopy
Physical constants
Jeopardy! Teachers Tournament

The Jeopardy! Teachers Tournament is an annual tournament on the American television game show Jeopardy! It features full-time teachers of students in kindergarten through twelfth grade. The tournament debuted during Season 27 (2010-2011) and has been played every season since (except for Season 37), always during any of the three ratings sweeps periods (November, February, or May), with the exception of being held from May 25th to June 5th 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Format 
The Teachers Tournament follows the same 10-game format as the Tournament of Champions, College Championship, and Teen Tournament. The first five games are the quarterfinals, where all fifteen participants play in groups of three. The winners of the five games advance to the semifinals. The players with the four highest scores among non-winners advance as "wild card" players. The nine semifinalists compete in the next three games. Then the three semifinal winners advance to the two-day finals, in which cumulative scores from the two games are added to determine the championship (contestants' scores start at $0 in each game).

Prizes

Cash 
The person who wins the tournament receives a $100,000 prize. The first runner up gets $50,000; and the second runner up gets $25,000. Teachers who are eliminated during the semifinals go home with $10,000, and teachers who are eliminated during the quarterfinals go home with $5,000.

Tournament of Champions 
In addition to the aforementioned cash prize, the winner also earns an automatic spot in the next Tournament of Champions, although one winner (Larry Martin in 2018) died from pancreatic cancer before reaching that tournament. So far, two Teachers Tournaments winners have made it to the finals of the Tournament of Champions (Colby Burnett in 2013 and Francois Barcomb in 2019); only Burnett won the event. 2016 winner Jason Sterlacci is only other winner to advance to the semi-finals of the Tournament of Champions. Burnett was also invited back to the Battle of the Decades in 2014 where he advanced to the semifinals, and was team captain in the All-Star games in 2019, where he drafted 2017 Tournament of Champions finalist Alan Lin and November 2000 College Champion Pam Mueller as his team members. His team finished as the second runner-up in the event. 2015 winner Jennifer Giles also competed in the All-Star games, as a member of Team Buzzy Cohen. John Pearson was the alternate in the All-Star games.

List of participants

 Catherine Whitten and Justin Hoffstetter in February 2012 are the first pair of contestants to marry each other. Their marriage took place in January 24, 2015. Maryanne Lewell and Michael Townes in 2013 are the second pair of contestants to marry each other. Their marriage took place in Canada in August 2017.

 Mary Parker and Cody Vest are the first two teachers contestants that teach in the same school.

Jeopardy!
The Corsair

The Corsair is a book by Lord Byron.  It is about the life of a corsair (a person who fights wars at sea) named Conrad.

References 

1814
1810s books
Don Juan (Byron)

Don Juan is a satirical poem by Lord Byron.  It is based on the legend of Don Juan, who was said to be able to seduce many women.  The poem is a satire because in the poem it is Don Juan who is seduced by women.

1819
British poems
Epic poems
Pineville, Louisiana

Pineville is a suburb of Alexandria. It is in Rapides Parish, Louisiana.

Cities in Louisiana
Abstraction (art)

Abstraction in art history is when art depicts something without caring what it actually looks like.

Art
Brian Muller

Brian Leo "Jazz" Muller (11 June 1942 – 12 December 2019) was a New Zealand rugby union player. He played as a prop. He played for Taranaki at a provincial level from 1963 to 1972. He was a member of the New Zealand national side, the All Blacks, from 1967 to 1971. He played 35 matches for the All Blacks, including 14 internationals.

Muller was born in Eltham. He died on 12 December 2019 at the age of 77.

References

1942 births
2019 deaths
New Zealand rugby union players
Sportspeople from North Island