cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Heads of state of the Gambia

This is a list of the heads of state of The Gambia, from the independence of The Gambia in 1965 to the present day.

From 1965 to 1970 the head of state under the Gambia Independence Act 1964 was the Queen of The Gambia, Elizabeth II, who was also the Monarch of the United Kingdom and the other Commonwealth realms. The Queen was represented in The Gambia by a Governor-General. The Gambia became a republic in 1970 and the Monarch and Governor-General were replaced by an executive President.

Monarch (1965–1970) 
The succession to the throne was the same as the succession to the British throne.

Governor-General 
The Governor-General was the representative of the Monarch in The Gambia and exercised most of the powers of the monarch. The Governor-General was appointed for an indefinite term, serving at the pleasure of the Monarch. The Governor-General was appointed solely on the advice of the Cabinet of The Gambia without the involvement of the British government. In the event of a vacancy the Chief Justice served as Officer Administering the Government.

 Status

First Republic (1970–1994) 
Under the 1970 Constitution, the first constitution of the Republic of The Gambia, the President replaced the Monarch as executive head of state. The President was elected by the National Assembly for a five-year term. In the event of a vacancy the Vice-President served as Acting President.

 Status

Military rule (1994–1996) 
Colonel Yahya Jammeh led a coup d'état which overthrew President Jawara and his government, all political parties and Parliament were dissolved.

Second Republic (1996–present) 
Under the current constitution of the Republic of The Gambia, the President is executive head of state. The President is elected by popular vote for a five-year term. In the event of a vacancy, the Vice-President will serve as Acting President.

 Status

Standards

Living former heads of state 
There are three living former Gambian Heads of State:

Notes

Other websites 
 World Statesmen – The Gambia
 Rulers.org – The Gambia

Lists of heads of state
List of cities in Eswatini

This is a list of cities and towns in Eswatini. The table below also includes the population and region information.

List

References 
 Eswatini Government - The Central Statistical Office
 CityPopulation.de - Historical populations of the cities of Swaziland

 
Eswatini
Eswatini
Cities
Tshaneni

Tshaneni is a town in northern Eswatini (Swaziland), near the border post on the South African border.

There are large sugar plantations around Tshaneni, and it is near the Sand River reservoir. It has an airstrip.

Tshaneni is near the Lubombo Mountains.

Tshaneni is in the lowveld of Eswatini. It is near game reserves, cattle ranches and sugar cane.

References

Settlements in Eswatini
Locative adverb

A locative adverb is a type of adverb that refers to a location or to a combination of a location and a relation to that location.

References

Parts of speech
List of colonial governors of the Comoros

(Dates in italics indicate de facto continuation of office)

For continuation after independence, see: List of heads of state of the Comoros

Comoros
Gem Archer

Colin Murray Archer (born 7 December 1966), better known as Gem Archer, is a British Musician known for his work with ‘Heavy Stereo, Oasis, Beady Eye, and most recently, Noel Gallagher’s High Flying Birds’.

Heavy Stereo were archers band from 1993 to 1999, the majority of there material can be found online at YouTube as it is not on streaming sites. CDs can be purchased online too.

In 1999, when Paul ‘Bonehead’ Arthurs (Oasis Rhythm Guitarist) and Paul ‘Guigsy’ McGuigan (Oasis Bass Player) departed the band, Gem archer, who was currently working with the creating record label under Alan McGee, came in as the replacement guitarist and Andy Bell of Hurricane #1 and Ride came in for bass guitar.
Archer played on with oasis right until the end on albums and tours including ‘Be Here Now, Heathen Chemistry, Don’t Believe The Truth’ and finally ‘Dig out your soul’. When the band split in 2009 after playing V-Fest Staffordshire, Liam Gallagher, Gem Archer, Andy Bell and Current Drummer Chris Sharrock, proceeded to start ‘Beady Eye’. Archers time with oasis allowed his to bring his talent to the band where he wrote songs including ‘A Bell Will Ring’ from ‘Don’t Believe the truth’ 2005.

Beady Eye recorded 2 studio albums with singles including ‘The Roller’ and Flick of the finger’
In 2013, Gem suffered a serious accident where he to fractured his skull by falling down the stairs at home. Beady Eye took a break and when Gem had recovered, the continued with there BE tour.
In 2014, Beady Eye was announced as ‘no longer’ on Liam’s twitter. In that time, Gem appeared to take a break and was fairly inactive in the music scene. Whilst Andy Bell had reformed his old band ‘Ride’, Liam had started his solo career, Gem and Chris seemed to fade away for the time being.
In 2018, Noel Gallagher made changes to his High Flying Birds line up. Gem Archer was introduced as the bands new guitarist, replacing ‘Tim Smith’ and Chris Sharrock was brought in and the new drummer taking over from ‘Jeremy Stacey’.
Archer has played on the latest High Flying birds tracks ‘Black Star Dancing’, ‘Rattling Rose’ and ‘Sail on’ on the new Noel Gallagher’s High Flying Birds EP.
Things look to stay the same for the time being with Noel’s High Flying Birds going on tour with this current line up.

British musicians
Living people
1966 births
Bya (unit)

In astronomy, geology, and paleontology, bya is an acronym for 'billion years ago'. This abbreviation is commonly used to show the length of time before the present or "B.P." (before AD 1950). Specifically, one bya is equal to 109 years ago. 

Bya is traditionally written in lower case (small letters). It is often replaced in scientific literature by a term based on Latin: Ga (gigaannum).

Units of time
Flash Thompson

Flash Thompson is a fictional character from Marvel Comics who first appeared in Marvel's Amazing Fantasy # 15.  Flash Thompson, whose real name is Eugene, is a high school football player and a bully. Flash both insults and beats up Peter Parker making sure to humiliate him daily. Peter then gets bitten by a radioactive spider and gets its powers. Peter secretly uses his powers to fight criminals by becoming the superhero Spider-Man. Flash Thompson then becomes obsessed with Spider-Man and thinks he's great. In the Amazing Spider-Man #4 Peter Parker fights Flash Thompson and beats him. After that Flash only insults Peter.  Flash goes back to beating Peter up when he and Peter both like the same girl. Flash makes sure that his friends are with him to stop Peter from fighting back.  After leaving high school Flash and Peter Parker still hate each other but both get along with Harry Osborne who becomes Peter's best friend.  Flash later leaves the country to fight in the Vietnam War. When Flash comes back from Vietnam, he is disturbed by everything that happened there. Flash starts to drink alcohol to forget what happened and all of Flash's friends leave him, because he fought in Vietnam, except for Peter Parker. Flash and Peter become good friends after that.

Flash Thompson in Film

Flash Thompson is played by Joe Manganiello in the 2002 movie Spider-Man. In it, he bullies Peter Parker and dates Mary-Jane Watson, who is the only student at their high school aside from Harry Osborne who is actually nice to Peter.  Peter gets bitten by a genetically engineered super-spider and gets its powers. Flash attacks Peter in front of a locker and Peter fights back and beats Flash. Uncle Ben tells Peter " that Flash kid probably deserved what was coming to him. But just because you could beat him up doesn't mean you should have. What I'm trying to say is " with great power, comes great responsibility." 

Chris Zylka plays Flash Thompson in the 2012 movie The Amazing Spider-Man. In it Flash plays basketball instead of football.  He starts off as a bully and is mean to Peter Parker. Flash is embarrassed when Peter beats him at basketball. Flash is sad when he hears from Peter that Uncle Ben died and is nice to Peter. At the end of the movie Flash wears a Spider-Man t-shirt.  

In the movie Spider-Man: Homecoming, Flash Thompson is played by Tony Revolori. Unlike the other two Flash Thompsons, he never beats Peter Parker up. He verbally bullies Peter but never actually fights him. In the sequel Spider-Man:Far From Home Flash thinks Spider-Man is great but is mean to Peter Parker. In Spider-Man: No Way Home, everyone finds out Spider-Man’s secret identity so Flash writes a book saying he and Peter are best friends. 

Marvel Comics superheroes
Mary-Jane Watson

Mary-Jane Watson is a fictional character from Marvel Comics. She was created by Stan Lee and Steve Ditko. Mary-Jane Watson is a friend of Peter Parker and later becomes his girlfriend. Peter then decides to stop dating her since he is secretly the superhero Spider-Man and she'll be in danger if she's his girlfriend because of that.  She later finds out that he is Spider-Man and they go back to dating. They eventually get married.

Mary-Jane Watson in Film

Mary-Jane Watson is played by Kirsten Dunst in the 2002 Spider-Man movie. She and Peter Parker's best friend Harry Osborn are the only two students at their high school who are nice to Peter Parker. Mary-Jane dates Flash Thompson and doesn't like it when he bullies Peter Parker. When Peter gets bitten by a genetically engineered super-spider and no longer needs his glasses, Mary-Jane compliments him. Flash Thompson then attacks Peter Parker in front of a locker and Peter beats him up.  Mary-Jane then breaks up with Flash. She then starts dating Harry Osborne. Harry's father Norman insults her and tells him all she really cares about is his money. Harry defends her.  Mary-Jane, who overheard what was said calls Norman Osborne "a creep". Harry defends his father and Mary-Jane breaks up with him. Mary-Jane falls in love with Spider-Man after he rescues her. Harry later sees her talking to Peter and realizes that they are in love.  Harry's father finds out and as the supervillain the Green Goblin kidnaps her to get to Peter who he knows is Spider-Man. Spider-Man rescues her by killing the Green Goblin. Mary-Jane later tells Peter she is in love with him and Peter says he will always be her friend but can never be anything else to her. In Spider-Man 2, she accidentally unmasks Spider-Man after he rescues her from Dr. Octopus. They then start dating. In Spider-Man 3, Mary-Jane breaks up with Peter after he starts being mean to people.  In the end, Peter goes back to being a good guy and he and Mary-Jane get back together.

Comics characters
Fictional American people
Characters created by Stan Lee
Fictional characters introduced in the 1960s
Marvel Comics characters
Marvel Comics superheroes
Movie characters
Spider-Man
Cedar Crest (mansion)

The Kansas Governor's Residence, also known as Cedar Crest, is the official residence of the governor of Kansas. It was built in 1928, and it was given to the state in 1955. It became the governor's house in 1962.

History
Kansas did not have an official governor's residence. This changed in 1901 when the state bought 801 Buchanan Street (a house built in 1887).  The house was sold in 1963, and the building was destroyed in 1964. Parts of the building including bay windows, an oak staircase and balcony were used in the downtown Ramada Inn. That was built in another part of Topeka in 1964.

Cedar Crest is on top of a hill in western Topeka. The Kansas River can be seen. It was designed by the architectural firm of Wight and Wight in 1928. They built it for Topeka State Journal and Emporia News newspaper publisher Frank P. MacLennan. MacLennan died in 1933; when his widow died in 1955, she gave Cedar Crest to the state of Kansas. She said she would give it to the state only if it is used as a home for the governor of Kansas. The gift included  of land near it to be used as a park (now known as MacLennan Park). Since 1962 it has been used as the governor's house.

It was listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.

During the 1990s, the mansion had a $4.4 million improvement program.

The current residents are Kansas governor Laura Kelly and her husband.

References

Other websites
 

Kansas
Houses in the United States
National Register of Historic Places
Hindenburg Line

The Hindenburg Line or Siegfried Position (German: ) was a system of forts built by the German Empire along the Western Front (World War I) during the winter of 1916-1917 to defend against France. After the war, the French built the similar but more elaborate Maginot Line to defend against Germany.

Battles of the Western Front (World War I)
Fortification
World War I
Mary Walsh (actress)

Mary Cynthia Walsh  (born May 13, 1952) is a Canadian actress, comedian, and writer. She was born on May 13, 1952 in St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. She is known for her role in This Hour Has 22 Minutes.

References

1952 births
Canadian comedians
Living people
Winterlude

Winterlude is a winter festival held in Ottawa, Canada since 1979.

References

Ottawa
Festivals in Canada
1979 establishments in Canada
Superhero movie

Superhero movies are movies about superheroes.  Superhero movies are generally, but not always, based on comic books. There were a lot of superhero movies made during World War II.

History
Adventures of Captain Marvel was a 1941 black and white movie based on the superhero Captain Marvel from DC Comics.

In 1944, there was a serial called Captain America about a superhero called Captain America from Marvel Comics.  Shorty after, there was the movie Batman based on the DC Comics character of Bruce Wayne. 

In 1952, there was a movie based on the DC Comics character of Superman.
 
In 1957, there was a television series called The Adventures of Superman based on DC Comics.

In 1966, CBS aired a television series called Batman with Adam West and Burt Ward as Batman and Robin.

Also in 1966, Warner Brothers made a movie based on the Batman series. In the 1980s, a number of television studios filmed made for television movies about Marvel Comics superheroes including Thor and The Incredible Hulk.

The 1990s saw the introduction of superhero television shows based on DC Comics including The Flash television series.  The 1990s were also when they started to make movies about Blade, a superhero from Marvel Comics.

In 1978, Warner Brothers made the movie Superman and over the years filmed several sequels to it.

In 1989, they made the movie Batman starring Michael Keaton as Bruce Wayne and Jack Nicholson as the Joker. Tim Burton and Joel Shulmacher filmed three sequels to it.

In 2000, 20th Century Fox filmed the movie X-Men, based on Marvel Comics, and made a series of it.

In 2002, Sony Pictures made the movie Spider-Man based on the character of Peter Parker and starring Tobey Maguire with Willem Dafoe as the Green Goblin.

Sony also filmed Spider-Man 2 in 2004 and Spider-Man 3 in 2007.

Pixar filmed the animated movie The Incredibles in 2004 as a parody of superhero movies.

In 2008, Heath Ledger earned the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor when he played the Joker in the movie The Dark Knight. He became the first actor ever to win an Oscar for a superhero movie. More recently, the movie Black Panther was nominated for an Oscar but did not win.
Dragon Tales

Dragon Tales was a Canadian–American animated series produced by The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, PBS Kids, Sesame Workshop, Sony Pictures Television, C.O.R.E.Toons, Collideascope Digital Productions, and Decode Entertainment.

References

Notes

1999 American television series debuts
English-language television programs
Fugitive

A fugitive is a person fleeing (or running away) from arrest.

The Fugitive, The Fugitives, Fugitive, or Fugitives may be:

 The Fugitive (1993 film), starring Harrison Ford and Tommy Lee Jones, 
 The Fugitive, a novel by Pramoedya Ananta Toer
 "The Fugitive" (song), a 1966 song by Merle Haggard
 "The Fugitive", a song by Iron Maiden from Fear of the Dark
 fugitive.vim, a plugin (or a part of the software) for the Vim text editor

Related pages
Edo Castle

Edo Castle is a castle built on a flatland in the year 1457. It was built by Ōta Dōkan. It is part of the Tokyo Imperial Palace in Chiyoda, Tokyo. It was restored by Tokugawa leyasu. It was destroyed by fire many times.

Notes

Sources 

Castles in Japan
Buildings and structures in Tokyo
Rishabh Pant

Rishabh Rajendra Pant (born 4 October 1997) is a professional Indian cricketer who plays for India, Delhi, and the Delhi Capitals in the Indian Premier League. In December 2015, he was named in India's squad for the 2016 Under-19 Cricket World Cup. On 1 February 2016, during the tournament, he hit an 18-ball fifty, the fastest at this level. He made his Twenty20 International (T20I) debut for India in January 2017, his Test debut in August 2018, and his One Day International (ODI) debut in October 2018. In January 2019, Pant was named the ICC Emerging Player of the Year at the 2018 ICC Award.

He was a student of Tarak Sinha in Indian Public School, while taught by Bharti Pandey.

References 
https://nbanewscity.com/rishabh-pant-moves-to-26-in-icc-test-batsman-ranking/amp/ 
 https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/world-cup-2019-former-india-coach-picks-this-player-ahead-of-rishabh-pant-to-bat-at-no-4/story-5AbAb2e9cpChf2AijdNI1L.html

1997 births
Indian cricketers
Living people
WNET

WNET, channel 13 (branded as "THIRTEEN"), is a non-commercial educational, public television station in  Newark, New Jersey. WNET is owned by WNET.org, which was originally called the Educational Broadcasting Corporation The station also has studios in Manhattan and its transmitter is at One World Trade Center.

Original productions 
WNET has produced, created, or presented many PBS shows. These are some:
 Amanpour & Company (2018–present)
 American Masters (1983–present)
 Australia: Beyond the Fatal Shore (2000)
 Bill Moyers Reports: Earth On Edge (2001)
 Barney & Friends (1992–2010) (Original Series)**
 Black Journal
 Bob the Builder (2005–2018)**
 Charlie Rose (1991–2017)
 Colonial House (2004)
 Cyberchase (2002–present)
 Dickens (2003)
 DNA (2003)
 The Great American Dream Machine (1971–1972)
 Great Performances (1972–present)
 Live from Lincoln Center (1976–present)
 The Mind
 Nature (1982–present)
 NOW
 The Rise and Fall of Jim Crow (2002)
 Shining Time Station
 Simon Schama's Power of Art
 The Story of English
 Tavis Smiley (2004–2017)
 Thomas and Friends (2004–2017)**

References

Other websites 
 Official website
 Public Broadcasting Service
 WNET logos and screenshots from the 1950s to the present day

Peabody Award winners
American television stations
Newark, New Jersey
Merriam, Kansas

Merriam  is a city in Johnson County, Kansas, United States. It is part of the Kansas City Metropolitan Area.  As of the 2010 census, the city population was 11,003.

References

Cities in Johnson County, Kansas
Hermosa Beach, California

Hermosa Beach is a beachfront city in Los Angeles County, California, United States. Its population was 19,506 at the 2010 U.S. Census.

References

Cities in California
Settlements in Los Angeles County, California
Duane Chapman

Duane Lee Chapman, Sr. (born February 2, 1953), better known as Dog Chapman or simply Dog, is an American reality TV star, bounty hunter, and a former bail bondsman.

Chapman became known as a bounty hunter for his successful capture of American rapist and Max Factor heir, Andrew Luster, in Mexico in 2003. He was later given his own series, Dog the Bounty Hunter (2004 – 2012), on A&E.

After Dog the Bounty Hunter ended, Chapman appeared alongside his late wife and business partner, Beth Chapman, in Dog and Beth: On the Hunt (2013 – 2015), on CMT.

Chapman married Alice Elizabeth "Beth" Barmore in 2006. The couple had two children. The Chapmans appeared on many television series together. In 2017, his wife Beth, was diagnosed with throat and lung cancer. She died on June 26, 2019 from the disease at the age of 51.

References

1953 births
Living people
American television personalities
Businesspeople from Denver, Colorado
Édith Scob

Édith Scob (21 October 1937 – 26 June 2019) was a French actress. She was born in Paris. Scob was best known for her role as Christiane Génessier, the daughter with a disfigured face, in Eyes Without a Face (1960).

Scob died on 26 June 2019 in Paris at the age of 81.

References

Other websites
 

1937 births
2019 deaths
French movie actors
French television actors
French stage actors
Actors from Paris
Rolf Maurer

Rolf Maurer (16 April 1938 – 6 June 2019) was a Swiss road racing cyclist. He was born in Hedingen, Zürich. He started his professional career in 1960. In 1964, he won both the Tour de Suisse and Tour de Romandie. He retired in 1969.

Maurer died on 6 June 2019 in Hedingen, at the age of 81.

References

Other websites

Rolf Maurer at Cycling Archives

1938 births
2019 deaths
Swiss cyclists
List of rulers of Iceland

This is a list of rulers of Iceland, ruling from 1262 to 1944.

Possession of Norway (1262–1814)

Possession of Denmark (1814–1918)

Kingdom of Iceland (1918–1944)

Republic of Iceland (1944—present)

References

Iceland
President of Iceland

The President of Iceland () is the head of state of Iceland. The incumbent is Guðni Thorlacius Jóhannesson, who is now in his first term as president.

The president is elected to a four-year term by popular vote, is not term-limited, and has limited powers. The presidential residence is in Bessastaðir in Garðabær, near the capital city Reykjavík.

List
There have been six Presidents of Iceland since the establishment of the republic.

Term: 1 appointed · 2 died in office · 3 uncontested

References
Sveinn Björnsson

Sveinn Björnsson (27 January 1881 -25 January 1952) became a member of Reykjavik town council in 1912 and was its president in 1918-20. Born in Copenhagen, Denmark, he was a member of the Althing in 1914-1916 and 1920, and following Iceland's independence from Denmark in 1918 he acted as minister to Denmark in 1920-1924 and 1926-1940. The German occupation of Denmark in 1940 resulted in Iceland's autonomy (Denmark had been responsible for Iceland's foreign affairs), and Björnsson was elected Regent of Iceland three times in 1941-1943, assuming the prerogatives previously held by the Danish king. When Iceland became a republic in 1944 he was chosen to be the first president of Iceland by the Althing. He served from 1944 to 1952, being re-elected unopposed in 1945 and 1949. He died in Reykjavik more than one year before his second term of office was due to expire.

Björnsson, Sveinn
Björnsson, Sveinn
Icelandic politicians
Presidents of Iceland
List of presidents of Iraq

This is a list of presidents of Iraq since 1958.

List

Timeline 

Lists of national presidents
Saint John's

Saint John's or St. John's may refer to:

Places

Canada 
 St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador
 St. Johns (provincial electoral district), in North Winnipeg
 St. John's (electoral district), a defunct federal riding in Quebec from 1867 to 1892
 St. Johns, Ontario
 St. Johns, Niagara Regional Municipality, Ontario
 Saint John, New Brunswick
 St. John's Island, British colony from 1763 to 1798 when it was renamed Prince Edward Island
 St. Johns and Fort St-Jean, now called Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu

Czech Republic
 Svatý Jan pod Skalou (Saint John Under the Cliff), a village in central Bohemia
 Svatý Jan nad Malší (Saint John Above Malše), a village in south Bohemia, Czech Republic

Ireland 
 St. Johns, County Kildare, a civil parish in County Kildare
 St. Johns, County Roscommon, a civil parish in County Roscommon

New Zealand 
 Saint Johns, New Zealand, a suburb of Auckland
 St John's Bush, New Zealand, a reserve in Auckland

United Kingdom 
 St John's, Isle of Man
 St Johns, London, England
 St John's, Redhill, Surrey, a hamlet adjoining the town of Redhill
 St. John's, Surrey, England
 St John's, South Yorkshire, England
 St Johns, Worcester, England
 St John's Wood, London, England
 St John's Lane, the home of Bristol City F.C. until 1904
 St John's Rock, a 19th-century name for Dubh Artach, Scotland

United States 
 St. Johns, Arizona
 St. Johns, Maricopa County, Arizona
 St. John's River (California)
 St. Johns, Florida
 Port St. John, Florida
 St. Johns County, Florida
 St. Johns River, Florida
 St. Johns, Illinois
 Saint Johns, Indiana
 St. Johns, Michigan
 Saint Johns, Ohio
 St. Johns, Portland, Oregon
 Saint John, U.S. Virgin Islands

Elsewhere
 St. John's, Antigua and Barbuda 
 St Johns, South Australia
 St. Johns, Saba, a village on the Caribbean island of Saba, a special municipality of the Netherlands
 Saint John's Island, Singapore

Education
 Saint John's College (disambiguation)
 Saint John's University (disambiguation)
 St. John's Preparatory School (disambiguation)
 St. John's School (disambiguation)
 St. John's Seminary (disambiguation)

Other uses
 St. John's Church, Jhelum, Anglican church in Jhelum, Punjab, Pakistan
 Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, California
 St. John's Mine, a cinnabar mine in Vallejo, California
 St. John's Red Storm, the athletic program of St. John's University in New York City
 St Johns railway station, in the southeast London borough of Lewisham
 Adela Rogers St. Johns (1894–1988), American writer
 HMCS St. John's (FFH 340), a Halifax-class frigate in the Canadian Navy
 Hypericum perforatum, St John's wort herb
 Leeds St Johns, a British rugby league football club today known as Leeds Rhinos
 Saint John's Arms, another name for the looped square (⌘)
Salina, Kansas

Salina  is a city in Saline County in the U.S. state of Kansas. It is the county seat of Saline County. In 2010, 47,707 people lived there.

Geography
Salina is at  (38.8402805, -97.6114237. It has an elevation of . It is in north-central Kansas at the intersection of Interstate 70 and Interstate 135. It is  north of Wichita, Kansas,  west of Kansas City, Missouri, and  east of Denver, Colorado.

Salina is in the Smoky Hills area in the Great Plains. It is close to the Smoky Hills River and the Saline River.

The United States Census Bureau said the city has a total area of .  of that is land and  is water.

Weather
Salina has a lot of severe thunderstorms, and they can get tornadoes.

People

Economy
Salina was the first place for Lee Jeans. They opened in 1889.

The biggest employers are:

Media
The Salina Journal is the local newspaper. They publish every day.

References

Other websites

City
 City of Salina
 Salina - Directory of Public Officials
 Salina - Chamber of Commerce

Schools
 USD 305, Salina Public Schools
 Sacred Heart Junior/Senior High School

Historical
 Smoky Hill Museum
 Salina Arts & Humanities Commission
 Special Collections:  A gift of William A. Phillips, the founder of Salina
 , from Hatteberg's People on KAKE TV news

Maps
 Salina City Map, KDOT

Cities in Saline County, Kansas
1858 establishments in Kansas Territory
County seats in Kansas
Saline County, Kansas

Saline County (standard abbreviation: SA) is a county in the U.S. state of Kansas. In 2010 census, 55,606 people lived there. The largest city and county seat is Salina.

History

1800s
In 1860, Saline County was created.

Education

Unified school districts 

 Ell-Saline USD 307
 Salina USD 305
 Southeast of Saline USD 306

References

Other websites

County
 
 Saline County - Directory of Public Officials
Maps
 Saline County Maps: Current, Historic, KDOT
 Kansas Highway Maps: Current, Historic, KDOT
 Kansas Railroad Maps: Current, 1996, 1915, KDOT and Kansas Historical Society

 
1860 establishments in Kansas Territory
O2

O2, O-2, o2, O2, or O2 may refer to:

Science and technology 

 O2, the common allotrope of the chemical element oxygen
 O2, an EEG electrode site according to the 10–20 system
 SGI O2, a Unix workstation computer
 UOC O2, institutional repository of the Open University of Catalonia

Places 

 The O2, an entertainment district in London, England
 The O2 Arena, the arena within The O2
 O2 Arena (Prague) or Sazka Arena, an arena in Prague, Czech Republic
 O2 Centre, an indoor shopping and entertainment centre on Finchley Road, London, England
 O2 Residence, a part of the Jumeirah Lake Towers in Dubai, United Arab Emirates
 O2 World (Berlin), an indoor arena in Berlin, Germany
 O2 World (Hamburg), an indoor arena in Hamburg, Germany
 Otoyol 2, a motorway in Turkey called "O2"
 The O2 (Dublin), the former name of 3Arena

Arts, entertainment, and media

Music

Albums
 O2 (FireHouse album) (2000) album of the rock band FireHouse
 O2 (O-Town album) (2002) album by American boy band O-Town
 O2 (Tonéx album) (2002) album by Gospel singer Tonéx
 O2: Avalon Remixed, a 2002 album by Avalon
 O2 (Son of Dave album), 2006 album by Son of Dave

Songs
 "O2", a song by Orange Range from Panic Fancy
 "O2", a 2002 song by Sleater-Kinney from One Beat

Other arts, entertainment, and media 
 Ö2, a radio service for Austria and South Tyrol
 O2, a character in Kirby 64: The Crystal Shards

Businesses and organisations 
 O2, trading name for Telefónica Europe, a European telecommunications provider
 O2 Store, a chain of retail stores owned and operated by Telefónica Europe, with regional subsidiaries:
 O2 (Ireland), merged into Three Ireland
 O2 (UK)
 O2 Czech Republic
 Telefónica Germany
 Telefónica Slovakia
 O2 Academy, a chain of music venues
 O2 Global Network, an international network for sustainable design
 O2 Wireless USA or H2O Wireless, a prepaid wireless service by Locus Telecommunications
 O2TV, a Russian independent socially political TV channel

Vehicles 
 Cessna O-2 Skymaster, a military twin-engine light aircraft
 Douglas O-2, a military single-engine observation biplane
 O 2-class submarine, a class of submarines of the Royal Netherlands Navy
 Oldershaw O-2, a glider
 SP&S Class O-2, a 1910 steam locomotives class
 USS O-2 (SS-63), a 1918 United States O class submarine

Other uses 
 O-2, a pay grade in the US uniformed services
 First Lieutenant in the Army, Air Force, and Marine Corps
 Lieutenant (junior grade) in the Navy, Coast Guard, Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, and NOAA Commissioned Officer Corps
Smoky Hills

The Smoky Hills are an upland area of hills in the Great Plains are of North America. They are in the Midwestern United States, mostly in north-central Kansas and a small part of south-central Nebraska.

Geography
The Republican River, Saline River, Solomon River, and Smoky Hill River all go east through the Smoky Hills. This is because they start in the High Plains. Starting in the 1940s, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation dammed these rivers at points in the Smoky Hills for flood control and irrigation reasons. This created many reservoirs. These include Cedar Bluff Reservoir, Kanopolis Lake, Kirwin Reservoir, Waconda Lake, Webster Reservoir, and Wilson Lake.

Land in the Smoky Hills is mostly used for farming. The region doesn't have very many people. There are cities that are small, but there are no big cities. The two biggest cities in the Smoky Hills region are Salina, Kansas and Hays, Kansas.

References

Other websites
Republican River

The Republican River is a river in the central Great Plains area of North America. It starts in the High Plains of eastern Colorado, and it goes east  through the U.S. states of Nebraska and Kansas.

References

Other websites

 Republican River Compact Compliance , State of Colorado
 The Republican River, A 2018 survey of the political and social ecology of the Republican River by Denis Boyles

Rivers of Kansas
Smoky Hill River

The Smoky Hill River is a  river in the central Great Plains of North America. It goes through the U.S. states of Colorado and Kansas.

Name
The river gets its name from the Smoky Hills area in the Great Plains.

References

Rivers of Kansas
Lawrence Public Library

The Lawrence Public Library is a public library in Lawrence, Kansas.

History

1800s
The first library in Lawrence was built in October 1854. It cost $1 per year to be a member. People could pay $25 to be a member for their life. Amos A. Lawrence brought many books to Lawrence in 1855.

In 1863, the library burned in Quantrill's Raid. A new library was built in 1866.

In the first two years of the library, 75 volumes were purchased, and 150 volumes were donated. The city took control of the library in September 1871. They moved it into the Lawrence National Bank building. It took up three rooms on the second floor.

1900s

Carnegie Library

The old library was getting too many books, so they needed to build a bigger library. They had 6,000 volumes. $1 per year was not enough money to build a new library. One resident, Peter Emery, asked philanthropist Andrew Carnegie to give money for a new library. Carnegie said yes, and he gave $27,500 for a new library. He said he would only give this money if Lawrence made the new library free to use, and if they spent $2,750 per year to maintain it. It was put to a vote, and the city voted yes by a lot. The library officially opened to on December 26, 1904.

Growing
After the Carnegie library opened, the Lawrence Public Library grew a lot. By 1922 children liked the library so much that a new room was added to for the children to use. By 1936, 40% of all people in Lawrence had a library card. In 1937, they had to make their storage bigger. They made the library better in 1957. They wanted to make it more modern.

New building
The Carnegie Library didn't have enough space for the amount of books they had. Lawrence had an idea to make a new building. They decided that the new building would be close to the old building. In 1970, a vote in the city for $1,575,000 to be used for a new building passed easily. This building opened in August 1972. The Carnegie building became the location for the Friends of the Library association.

2000s
On November 10, 2010 an $18 million budget was proposed by the Library Board of Trustees. They said that since 1972, the number of people who used the library more than doubled. This proposal was accepted by voters in 2010. Construction finished in July 2014.

After the new building opened, the Lawrence Public Library won the AIA/ALA Library Building Award in 2016. Elle Decor said the library was 16th in the top "50 Best Libraries in America".

References

Other websites 

Lawrence, Kansas
Libraries in the United States
Buildings and structures in Lawrence, Kansas
1854 establishments in Kansas Territory
1854 establishments in the United States
The University Daily Kansan

The University Daily Kansan is a student newspaper for the University of Kansas. It started in 1904.

The paper is distributed on campus and student apartments. They publish it every week. There are about 12,000 papers created.

References

University of Kansas
Matt Stairs

Matthew Wade Stairs (born February 27, 1968) is a Canadian former professional baseball outfielder, first baseman, and designated hitter, who holds the record for most pinch-hit home runs in Major League Baseball (MLB) history  with 23. His pinch-hit home run in the eighth inning of Game 4 in the 2008 National League Championship Series off the Los Angeles Dodgers reliever Jonathan Broxton was called one of the most memorable home runs in Phillies history.

In his career, Stairs played for more teams than any position player in MLB history (12 — technically 13 teams, but 12 franchises, as he played for the Montreal Expos and Washington Nationals); Edwin Jackson holds the record for pitchers and all players at 14.

He was the second Canadian-born player ever to hit more than thirty-five home runs in a season, and only the second to hit more than 25 home runs and drive in more than 100 runs in back-to-back seasons. He ranks either first or second in power hitting categories for Canadian major leaguers. Stairs also holds the all-time MLB record of home runs hit as a pinch-hitter with 23. His ability to pinch hit made him a valuable asset to several teams and earned him the nickname "Matt Stairs – Professional Hitter". Stairs, Larry Walker, Justin Morneau, Jason Bay, and Joey Votto are the only Canadian MLB players to hit at least 200 career home runs. On February 4, 2015, Stairs was elected to the Canadian Baseball Hall of Fame.

References

1968 births
Living people
Canadian baseball players
Aaron Rowand

Aaron Ryan Rowand (born August 29, 1977) is an American former professional baseball center fielder in Major League Baseball. He played for the Chicago White Sox, Philadelphia Phillies and the San Francisco Giants.

Philadelphia Phillies (2006–2007)
On November 23, 2005, Rowand was traded by the White Sox along with minor league pitchers Gio González and Daniel Haigwood to the Philadelphia Phillies for first baseman Jim Thome.

On May 11, 2006, in the first inning of a game versus the New York Mets, Rowand made a spectacular play by smashing into the center field fence of Citizens Bank Park face first at full speed in order to run down a deep fly ball off the bat of Xavier Nady with the bases loaded, that would otherwise have scored three runs. Rowand suffered a broken nose and severe lacerations to his face. The Phillies won the game, 2-0, in a rain-shortened 5-inning game. He underwent seven hours of surgery to repair the nose, and was placed on the 15-day disabled list. He returned to the starting lineup on May 27, 2006.

On August 21, 2006, in a game against the Chicago Cubs, Rowand collided with second baseman Chase Utley and broke his ankle. He was on the disabled list for the remainder of the regular season.

In 2007, a contract year, proved to be Rowand's breakthrough, both statistically and in recognition around baseball. He finished with a batting average of .309, 27 home runs, 89 runs batted in, and 6 stolen bases. On July 10, 2007, Rowand was selected to the 2007 MLB All-Star Game in San Francisco, for his first All-Star appearance. In the bottom of the 9th, with the bases loaded, two outs, and the AL leading 5-4, Rowand flew out to Alex Ríos in right field to end the game helping give the American League home field advantage in the 2007 World Series. He earned his first Gold Glove Award for his outfield play that year, including 11 outfield assists and only 2 errors all season.

References 

1977 births
American baseball players
Baseball players from California
Chicago White Sox players
Living people
Major League Baseball broadcasters
Sportspeople from Portland, Oregon
Philadelphia Phillies players
San Francisco Giants players
Sportspeople from Los Angeles County, California
Raúl Ibañez

Raúl Javier Ibañez (born June 2, 1972) is an American former professional baseball left fielder in Major League Baseball (MLB) now serving as a special advisor to Los Angeles Dodgers President of Baseball Operations Andrew Friedman. He played 11 of his 19 big league seasons for the Seattle Mariners, while also playing for the Kansas City Royals, Philadelphia Phillies, New York Yankees, and Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim. While primarily a left fielder, Ibañez often saw considerable time as a designated hitter (DH), throughout his career.

An All-Star in 2009, Ibañez won the Player of the Week Award five times.  Despite not reaching 500 plate appearances in a single season until the age of 30, Ibañez batted .272 with 424 doubles, 305 home runs and 1,207 runs batted in (RBI) over nineteen major league seasons.  He had eight seasons with at least 20 home runs, two seasons with at least 30 home runs, six seasons with at least 90 RBI, four seasons with at least 100 RBI, and ten consecutive seasons (2002–2011) with at least 30 doubles.  In 2004, Ibañez tied an American League record with six hits in one game

1972 births
Living people
Sportspeople from New York City
Cole Hamels

Colbert Michael Hamels (born December 27, 1983) is an American professional baseball pitcher for the Chicago Cubs of Major League Baseball (MLB). He previously played for the Philadelphia Phillies from 2006 to 2015, and the Texas Rangers from 2015 to 2018.

The Phillies drafted him out of high school in the first round of the 2002 MLB Draft (17th), and he began his career in the Phillies minor league system.. He was the top pitcher in the Phillies' minor league system in 2006.

In May 2006, Hamels made his major league debut for the Phillies. After securing a long-term spot as a member of the Phillies starting rotation in his rookie season, he made large strides in the 2007 Major League Baseball season and won the Phillies' top major league pitcher award. He was the top pitcher on the team entering the 2008 season, and during the Phillies' postseason run, during which they ultimately won the 2008 World Series over the Tampa Bay Rays, he won the World Series Most Valuable Player Award. After the 2008 season, Hamels signed a three-year contract with the Phillies. His statistics declined over the next two seasons, struggling through a tumultuous 2009 campaign and somewhat bouncing back in 2010, however still not approaching his 2008 numbers. Over the next few seasons, Hamels was joined by fellow All-Star pitchers including Roy Halladay, Cliff Lee, and Roy Oswalt and flourished with them, putting up some of his top career seasons before suffering from poor run support in 2013. With the decline of his aging teammates, the team missed the postseason for the next few years, but Hamels remained one of the Phillies' consistent stars. Hamels was traded to the Texas Rangers in 2015, and he subsequently sparked their run to the AL West title that season.  He spent parts of four seasons with the Rangers, including an All-Star season in 2016, before being traded to the Cubs in 2018.

1983 births
American baseball players
American League All-Stars
Baseball players from California
Chicago Cubs players
Living people
National League All-Stars
Philadelphia Phillies players
Texas Rangers players
Ryan Howard

Ryan James Howard (born November 19, 1979), nicknamed "The Big Piece", is an American former professional baseball first baseman. Howard spent his entire Major League Baseball (MLB) career playing for the Philadelphia Phillies, from 2004 to 2016. He is known for being the fastest player in baseball history to reach 1,000 RBIs, 100 home runs, and 200 home runs.  Howard also holds numerous Phillies franchise records.

Howard made his MLB debut in 2004. He won the National League (NL) Rookie of the Year Award in 2005 and the NL Most Valuable Player (MVP) Award in 2006. Howard was a three-time NL All-Star (2006, 2009, 2010), and won the Silver Slugger Award, Hank Aaron Award, and the NL Championship Series MVP Award in 2009. Known for his power, Howard is a member of the 50 home run club. He was a two-time NL home run champion (2006, 2008), and became the fastest player to reach both the 100 and 200 home run milestones in MLB history, passing the marks in 2007 and 2009, respectively. He is also tied with Sammy Sosa for the most National League 140 RBI seasons at 3 and the most National League 130 RBI seasons at 4.

1979 births
African-American baseball players
Major League Baseball broadcasters
National League All-Stars
Philadelphia Phillies players
Sportspeople from St. Louis, Missouri
Living people
Ugyen Wangchuck

Gongsa Ugyen Wangchuck(Dzongkha: , Wylie: o rgyan dbang phyug; 1862-1926) was the first King of Bhutan from 1907 to 1926. He was born in 1862 to Jigme Namgyal, Penlop (governor) of Trongsa and Ashi Pema Choki. He succeeded his father as Penlop of Trongsa. From his power base in central Bhutan, Ugyen Wangchuck defeated his political enemies and united the country following several civil wars and rebellions in 1882–1885.

In what was an epochal year for the country, in 1907 Ugyen Wangchuck was unanimously chosen as the hereditary monarch of the country by the people at Punakha, the old Capital of Bhutan.

For his services in mediating between the British and Tibetans during the Younghusband Expedition to Lhasa, Tibet, he was knighted by the British in 1904. He was appointed Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire (GCIE) in the 1921 New Year Honours, having already been appointed Knight Commander (KCIE) in 1904.

Honours
  Delhi Durbar Gold Medal - 1911
  Knight Commander of the Order of the Star of India (KCSI) - 1911
  Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire (GCIE) - 1921  (KCIE - 1904)

Footnotes

Other websites
 http://www.longitudebooks.com/find/p/1757/mcms.html 

1862 births
1926 deaths
Knights Grand Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire
Bhutanese people
Order of the Indian Empire
Order of the Star of India
Monarchs of Bhutan
Kevin McKenna (Irish republican)

Kevin McKenna (; 25 June 1945 – 25 June 2019) was an Irish republican and volunteer in the Tyrone Brigade. He was the Chief of Staff of the Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA). McKenna was the longest-serving chief of staff of the IRA, serving from 1983 to 1997.

References

1945 births
2019 deaths
Irish politicians
Military people
Political activists
Jeff Austin

Jeff Austin (April 25, 1974 – June 24, 2019) was an American mandolinist and singer. He is best known for being a founding member of the progressive bluegrass group Yonder Mountain String Band. The band formed in 1998, and by 2014, Austin had left the group. He released his first solo album, titled The Simple Truth, on February 10, 2015.

Austin was born in Arlington Heights, Illinois and grew up in Elk Grove. He died on June 24, 2019 in Seattle, Washington, at the age of 45.

References

Other websites

1974 births
2019 deaths
American folk singers
American bluegrass musicians
Mandolinists
Musicians from Illinois
Singers from Illinois
People from Arlington Heights, Illinois
Jonás Gómez Gallo

Jonás Gómez Gallo (12 July 1923 – 24 June 2019) was a Chilean businessman and politician. He was a member of the Radical Party (1948–1971) and the Radical Left Party (1971–1973). He served as a member of the Chamber of Deputies from 1957 to 1961, and as a Senator from 1961 to 1969.

Gómez Gallo was born in Antofagasta. He died on 24 June 2019 in Santiago, at the age of 95.

References

1923 births
2019 deaths
Chilean businesspeople
Chilean politicians
Dumitru Focșeneanu

Dumitru Focşneanu (8 November 1935 – 20 June 2019) was a Romanian bobsledder. He was born in Breaza. He had his best results as a brakeman with Ion Panțuru. Focșeneanu and Panțuru won two medals in the two-man event at the FIBT World Championships with a silver in 1969 and a bronze in 1973. He also competed in the two-man (placing 12th) and four-man (placing 10th) events at the 1972 Winter Olympics.

Focșeneanu died of a stroke on 20 June 2019, at the age of 83.

References

Other websites

Dumitru Focșeneanu at the International Olympic Committee

1935 births
2019 deaths
1972 Winter Olympics
Deaths from stroke
Olympians
Romanian sportspeople
Georges Brossard

Georges Brossard  (February 11, 1940 – June 26, 2019) was a Canadian entomologist. He was born in Montreal, Quebec. He founded the Montreal Insectarium, a natural history museum featuring insects that first opened on February 7, 1990. He also hosted the Discovery Channel documentary program Insectia. He became a Member of the Order of Canada in 1999, and a Knight of the National Order of Quebec in 2006.

Brossard died of lung cancer on June 26, 2019 in Saint-Mathieu-de-Beloeil, Quebec. He was 79.

References

Other websites

Montreal Insectarium 

1940 births
2019 deaths
Canadian scientists
Cancer deaths in Quebec
Deaths from lung cancer
Order of Canada
People from Montreal
Yekaterina Mikhailova-Demina

Yekaterina Illarionovna Mikhailova-Demina (; 22 December 1925 – 24 June 2019) was a Russian military doctor. She was the only woman to have served in front-line reconnaissance in the Soviet marines during World War II. She reportedly carried hundreds of men off the battlefield and was seriously wounded three times during her career as a medic with the marines. For many years, Mikhailova-Demina was not awarded for her efforts during the war. In 1990, she was honoured by President Mikhail Gorbachev with the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

Mikhailova-Demina was born in Leningrad. She died on 24 June 2019 in Moscow, at the age of 93.

References

1925 births
2019 deaths
People from Saint Petersburg
Russian military people
Russian physicians
Soviet military personnel of World War II