cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Starfleet

In the fictional world of the Star Trek television series, books, and video games, Starfleet is the group that manages space exploration.  From the second half of the 22nd Century through at least the 25th Century, Starfleet is a part of the United Federation of Planets, a political group of planets with intelligent life, including Earth and Vulcan.  Members of Starfleet come from many different planets and are from many different species.  Though the mission of Starfleet is peaceful exploration of space, the group is also responsible for defense of Federation planets.

Mission

In the television series Star Trek: Enterprise, set in the 22nd Century, Starfleet is an Earth space exploration program whose mission is "to seek out new life and new civilizations, to boldy go where no man has gone before".  Captain Jonathan Archer and the crew of the starship "Enterprise" travel into deep space to meet alien species and do scientific research.

In the year 2161, Earth joins the United Federation of Planets, which adopts Starfleet as its space exploration service.

Starfleet officers have ranks similar to Earth's Naval forces, and follow the Chain of Command, but they are not a military group.  There is one law all Starfleet officers are required to follow called the Prime Directive. It says that members of Starfleet are not allowed to interfere (become involved in) the way a primitive society develops.  Starfleet officers are trained at Starfleet Academy, located in San Francisco.  Starfleet officers are given orders by Starfleet Command, located on Earth.

Starships

Starfleet explores space using space vessels called starships.  The USS Enterprise is the most well known starship, and there have been several of them in Starfleet from the 22nd Century through at least the 24th Century.  One of the most famous Starfleet captains is James T. Kirk (from the television series Star Trek).  Another famous Starfleet captain is Jean-Luc Picard, the captain of the USS Enterprise-D.   

Starships are large and can carry from hundreds to over a thousand crew members.  They are capable of scientific research, as well as carrying weapons called phasers and photon torpedoes for defending the Federation.  They travel much faster than the speed of light using an engine called warp drive.

Star Trek
San Francisco in fiction
Betty Garrett

Betty Garrett (May 23, 1919 - February 12, 2011) was an American singer, dancer, and actor of movies, theatre, and television. She was best known for her work in movie musicals in the 1940s and 1950s. Her acting career was affected when her husband, Larry Parks, was called to the House Un-American Activities Committee. There he admitted having been in the Communist Party, and he gave names of other entertainment people who were in the Party.

Garrett has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. She died of an aortic aneurysm.

Selected performances

Movies
On the Town, with Gene Kelly and Frank Sinatra
Neptune's Daughter, with Red Skelton

Plays
Meet Me in St. Louis
Follies

Television series
All in the Family
Laverne & Shirley
The Golden Girls, episode "Old Boyfriends"
Grey's Anatomy, episode "Break On Through"

References

American movie actors
American stage actors
American television actors
American dancers
Actors from Missouri
Singers from Missouri
People from St. Joseph, Missouri 
Deaths from aortic aneurysm
1919 births
2011 deaths
Simon van der Meer

This is a Dutch name. The family name is van der Meer, not Meer.

Simon van der Meer (24 November 1925 – 4 March 2011) was a Dutch particle accelerator physicist. He won the Nobel prize in physics. Another physicist, Carlo Rubbia, also won this prize. He won the prize because of his work for the CERN project. This led to the discovery of W and Z particles, which are the two most important things in matter.

Biography 
Simon van der Meer was one of four children. He was raised in The Hague, Netherlands. His father was a school teacher, and his mother came from a family of teachers. He went to school at the city's gymnasium. He graduated in 1943 when the German army had control of the Netherlands. In 1945, van der Meer went to the Delft University of Technology. He earned an engineer's degree there in 1952. He joined CERN in 1956, and he stayed there until he retired in 1990.

In 1966, when van der Meer was skiing with his friends in the Swiss mountains, he met Catharina M. Koopman, who became his wife. They had two children – Esther (born 1968) and Mathijs (born 1970).

Scientific work 
After getting his engineer's degree in 1952, Simon van der Meer worked for the Philips Research Laboratory in Eindhoven. When he was there, he was mainly working on high-voltage equipment and electronics for electron microscopes. In 1956, he moved to CERN, which was new at the time. When he first started at CERN, his work was mainly on technical design, and power supplies. While he was working at CERN, he invented the idea of stochastic cooling, which led to the discovery of W and Z bosons. In 1984, van der Meer and Carlo Rubbia won the Nobel Prize in Physics for their work with the project.

Related pages 
W and Z bosons
Nobel Prize
CERN

References

Other websites 
Official website of the Nobel prize

1925 births
2011 deaths
Dutch Nobel Prize winners
Dutch physicists
People from The Hague
Gerry Rafferty

Gerry Rafferty (16 April 1947 – 4 January 2011) was a Scottish singer-songwriter. His 1978 album, City to City, reached number one on the music charts in the USA. "Baker Street", a song from the album reached the Top 10 in both the USA and Britain. It featured a distinctive saxophone solo played by Raphael Ravenscroft.

Rafferty was born in Paisley, Scotland and began playing in bands as a teenager. "Stuck in the Middle" was written in the early 1970's with his band "Stealers Wheel". It was a parody of Bob Dylan's style. It became a hit again after being used in the movie Reservoir Dogs directed by Quentin Tarantino in 1992. Rafferty also played in a folk group, the Humblebums, with Scottish comedian Billy Connolly.

He sold more than 10 million albums but did not enjoy working in the music industry which he said he "loathed and detested." He died in Stroud, Gloucestershire, England, from liver failure caused by his alcoholism.

References

1947 births
2011 deaths
Deaths from liver failure
Disease-related deaths in England
Scottish rock singers
Scottish singer-songwriters
Saeed Shehabi

Saeed Shehabi is a Bahraini thinker, political activist, commentator and journalist. He is a regular columnist in the daily Arabic Al-Quds newspaper. He gives regular interviews to the BBC's Middle East Service and AlJazeera. He is also the Director of Abrar House, an Islamic community center in Central London that promotes interfaith work. He is also the leader of the pro-democractic Bahrain Freedom Movement, that is a banned Bahraini opposition group. He was also a founding member of Al-Wefaq National Party. He was previously the editor of Alalam magazine and now hosts a weekly television programme on Alalam TV. He has been living in exile in London since 1979 and returned to Bahrain on two occasions in 2002. He has a PhD in engineering from City University. Saeed Shehabi is married and has seven children.

On August 2010, Bahrain TV  declared that Saeed Shehabi is accused of being the second leading member of a terrorist network. He is currently being tried in absentia along with Hassan Mushaimi. The Bahraini government claimed that a red notice was issued by interpol for his arrest, however this has not been verified. In 1996 he was similarly sentenced to 15 years in prison in absentia.

In the summer of 2009, Saeed Shehabi's home was attacked by arsonists.

References 

1954 births
Living people
Bahraini people
Journalists
Political activists
Steve Prestwich

Steven William Prestwich (5 March 1954 — 16 January 2011) was an English born musician who became famous as the drummer in two Australian rock bands, the Little River Band and Cold Chisel Born in Liverpool, his family moved to Adelaide, Australia, in 1971. He formed a band called "Orange" with Jimmy Barnes. This band then became Cold Chisel. Prestwich wrote, and helped write several of the bands biggest hits including "Forever Now", "When The War Is Over", "Nothin’ But You", "Monica", "Best Kept Lies", and "Flame Trees".

When Cold Chisel broke up in 1983, Prestwich joined the Little River Band. He recorded two albums with them. They recorded his song "When The War Is Over" with John Farnham. He played with Cold Chisel again when they reformed for two tours in 1998 and 2003. They had planned to record a new album in 2011. Prestwich recorded two solo albums, Since You've Been Gone in 2000 and Every Highway in 2009.

Prestwich died after surgery to treat a brain tumor in 2011.

References

1954 births
2011 deaths
Deaths from brain cancer
People from Liverpool
English drummers
Australian singers
Musicians from Adelaide
English rock musicians
Australian drummers
Australian rock musicians
Culture hero

A culture hero is a person, usually a mythical or legendary person, who is believed to be the first one to do something. In Greek mythology, for example, Prometheus who stole fire from the gods and made it possible for humans to use it for cooking and other purposes. In Chinese mythology, one culture hero is Hou Ji, a person with a human mother and a divine father, who discovered how to grow many crops and taught other humans about farming.
 

Mythology
Emperor Heizei

, also known as Heijō-tennō. was the 51st emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession. Heizei's reign started in 806 and ended in 809.

Traditional history
Before he became the monarch, this prince's personal name (imina) was .

Heizei was the eldest son of the Emperor Kammu.

He had three empresses and seven sons and daughters.

Events of Heizei's life
Before he became the monarch, he was Crown Prince for over twenty years.
 785  (Enryaku 4, 11th month): Heizei was appointed Crown Prince at the age of 12.
 9 April 806 (Daidō 1, 17th day of the 3rd month): In the 25th year of Kammu's reign, the emperor died; and the succession (senso) was received by his son.  A short time later, Emperor Heizei is said to have acceded to the throne (sokui).  This was confirmed in ceremonies.
 809 (Daidō 4, 1st month): After a reign of four years, Heizei fell ill and he feared that he would die. Heizei abdicated in favor of his younger brother  who would be known as Emperor Saga.  After abdicating, Heizei moved to Nara; and he was known as the "Emperor of Nara" (Nara no Mikado).
 18 May 809 (Daidō 4, 1st day of the 4th month): Emperor Saga was enthroned at age 24.
 810 (Kōnin 1): Heizei became a Buddhist monk.
 5 August 824 (Tenchō 1, 7th day of the 7th month): Heizei died at 14 years after his abdication.

After his death
According to the Imperial Household Agency, the mausoleum  (misasagi) of Heizei is in Nara.  The emperor is traditionally venerated at a memorial Shinto shrine at this location.  The site can be visited by the public.

Era of reign
The years of Heizei's reign are identified by only one era name (nengō).
 Daidō (806-810)

Related pages
 Emperor of Japan
 List of emperors of Japan
 Japanese imperial family tree

References

Emperors of Japan
773 births
824 deaths
IPhone 4S

The iPhone 4S is the fifth iPhone that was created by Apple. It is very thin, and has a touchscreen.

It was first available for pre-order on October 7, and it went on sale on October 14 in the United States, Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom, France, Germany, and Japan. It was made available in more countries over the next few months.

The iPhone 4S had the same design as the iPhone 4, but has several new features such as an upgrade to the Apple A5 processor, and an 8 MP camera with 1080p video recording. It shipped with iOS 5, which is the fifth major version of Apple's mobile operating system, iOS. It had new features such as iCloud, iMessage, Notification Center, Reminders, and integration with Twitter. It also had a voice activation system named Siri that was included in later generations of mobile Apple products.

Features
The iPhone 4S introduced a new automated voice control system called "Siri". It first operated only on the iPhone 4S. It allows the user to give commands to the iPhone, which Siri can execute and respond to. For example, iPhone commands such as "What is the weather going to be like?" will generate a response such as "The weather is to be cloudy and rainy and drop to 54 degrees today". These commands can vary greatly and control almost every section of the phone. The commands given do not have to be specific and can be used with natural language. Siri makes it is much easier and/or possible for people to use device functions while driving, exercising, or when they have their hands full. It also means people with trouble reading, seeing, or typing can access the phone more easily.

Other websites

References

Messaging
IPhone
Mobile phones released in 2011
Sakyo Komatsu

was a Japanese novelist and science fiction writer.  He is best known for a 1973 book, Japan Sinks (Nihon Chinbotsu).

Early life
Komatsu was born in Osaka.  In 1954, he earned a degree in Italian literature at Kyoto University.

Career
Komatsu worked as a magazine editor, a factory foreman and a comedy scriptwriter before he began writing science fiction.  

The premise of Komatsu's best known book, Japan Sinks, was confirmed in 2011 when parts of the Sanriku coastline sank more than a meter in the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami.  In the massive geologic shift, the land mass of the main island of Japan sank 2.4 centemeters.  

Komatsu's most popular book was the basis of a 1973 film, a television series, a 2006 film remake, and a DVD.

Selected works
In an overview of writings by and about Sakyo Komatsu, OCLC/WorldCat includes roughly 380+ works in 520+ publications in 14 languages and 1,520 library holdings.  

 日本沈没 (1959)
 Peace on Earth (1961)
 地球になった男 (1971)
  (1973)
 現代の神話 (1973)
 歴史と文明の旅 (1973)
  (1974)
 戦争はなかった (1974)
 果てしなき流れの果に (1976)
 日本文化の死角 (1977)
 物体O (1977 )
 アメリカの壁  (1978)
 Nihilistic Corridor (1999)
 小松左京自伝: 実存を求めて (2008)

Quotes
Shortly before his death, Komatsu wrote, "I had thought I wouldn’t mind dying any day, but now I’m feeling like living a little bit longer and seeing how Japan will go on hereafter."

References

Other websites 

1931 births
2011 deaths
Futurists
Japanese novelists
Science fiction writers
People from Osaka
Norio Ohga

, also spelled Oga and Ogha, was a Japanese businessman and former president and chairman of Sony Corporation.

Early life
Ohga was born in Numazu, Shizuoka.  He studied at Tokyo National University of Fine Arts and Music.  He graduated in 1953.

Career 
He was made the president of Sony in 1982, and the CEO of Sony in 1989.  He is credited with the development of the audio compact disc.

Honors 
 Medal of Honor, Japan, 1988.
 Order of the Sacred Treasure, Japan, 2001.
 Legion d'Honeur, France.

References

Other websites

 Obituary: Martin Childs, "Norio Ohga: Executive Who introduced the compact disc and helped transform Sony into a global entertainment empire," The Independent (UK). April 26, 2011 ( Archived by WebCite)
 Obituary: "Sony chairman credited with developing CDs dies," Los Angeles Times (US). April 24, 2011.(Archived by WebCite)
 Obituary: Lohr, Steve.  "Norio Ohga, Who Led Sony Beyond Electronics, Dies at 81," New York Times (US). April 24, 2011. (Archived by WebCite)

1930 births
2011 deaths
Japanese businesspeople
Sony
People from Shizuoka Prefecture
Farley Granger

Farley Granger (July 1, 1925 - March 27, 2011) was an American movie, theatre, and television actor. Two of the movies he was in were directed by Alfred Hitchcock: Rope and Strangers on a Train.

Granger was bisexual, and had relationships with both women and men. Some of the people he was involved with were Shelley Winters, Ava Gardner, Leonard Bernstein, and screenwriter Arthur Laurents. His longtime romantic partner was television producer Robert Calhoun.

Granger wrote an autobiography called Include Me Out: My Life From Goldwyn to Broadway. He died of natural causes.

Selected performances

Movies
Rope
Strangers On a Train
O. Henry's Full House''Hans Christian AndersenThe Girl in the Red Velvet Swing\

TelevisionWagon Train, episode "The Charles Avery Story"Ironside, episode "Eat, Drink and Be Buried"Get Smart, episode "Supersonic Boom"Hawaii Five-O, episode "One for the Money"The Six Million Dollar Man, episode "The Midas Touch"The Edge of Night, two episodesAs the World Turns'', 14 episodes
Side Street- Ny setting about a man who steals money from a safe meant for blackmail 
and gets caught up in the murders

References

Other websites 

1925 births
2011 deaths
Actors from Santa Clara County, California
American autobiographers
LGBT people from California
American movie actors
American stage actors
American television actors
LGBT actors
Deaths from natural causes
People from San Jose, California
Burhanuddin Rabbani

Burhanuddin Rabbani (1940 — 20 September 2011) was the President of Afghanistan from 1992 to 1996. He had been a Mujahideen leader who fought against the Soviet occupation of Afghanistan. He was removed as President when the Taliban took over in 1996. He then became the leader of the Northern Alliance which took over in Kabul when the Taliban were removed. He became the head of Afghanistan's High Peace Council which was trying to find a way to end the fighting in Afghanistan. He was killed in a suicide attack on his home. A man who claimed to be a Taliban leader met with Rabbini, and then exploded a bomb, which he had hidden in his turban.

References

Presidents of Afghanistan
Assassinated people
1940 births
2011 deaths
Norman Corwin

Norman Lewis Corwin (May 3, 1910 – October 18, 2011) was an American writer, producer, and radio host. Born on May 3, 1910, in Boston, Massachusetts, Corwin worked as a writer for several newspapers in the late 1920s and early 1930s. In 1937, Corwin began working as a radio host. During World War II he worked as a news reporter for CBS. Corwin died on October 18, 2011, of natural causes.

References

1910 births
2011 deaths
Writers from Boston, Massachusetts
American journalists
Bert Jansch

Herbert "Bert" Jansch (3 November 1943—5 October 2011) was a Scottish singer-songwriter regarded as one of Britain's great folk guitarists. He was born in Glasgow, but his parents were German. After his father left the family they moved to Edinburgh. Jansch made his own guitar by the age of 12. After leaving school he began playing guitar, mainly blues, at various music clubs in Scotland and England.

His first album, Bert Jansch, was made in 1965 and quickly became successful. The song "Needle of Death" about drug addiction, created a lot of interest as this was a subject that was not talked about very much at that time. His second album, It Don't Bother Me, featured his friend John Renbourn, another great guitar player. The two players became very popular as a duo, and made the very successful album, Jack Orion, in 1966. This album had some traditional folk songs, including a version of "Blackwaterside", played in a jazz style. The rock band Led Zepplin later recorded his arrangement of the song.

Jansch and Renbourn made another duo recording in 1966 called Bert and John. They started playing with other musicians they met in London, and finally formed a band, Pentangle, with bass player Danny Thompson, drummer Terry Cox, and vocalist Jacqui McShee. Pentangle was instantly successful. Jansch did not enjoy fame, and left the band in 1973. He continued to play and make albums.

Jansch often played on other people's recordings, including the Babyshambles album Shotter's Nation (2007). In 2010, despite being ill with lung cancer, he went on tour in the US with American musician, Neil Young. Jansch died of lung cancer in Hampstead, London.

Recordings
Jansch has made many albums including:
 Bert Jansch (1965)
 It Don't Bother Me (1965)
 Jack Orion (1966) with John Renbourn
 Bert and John (1966) with John Renbourn
 Nicola (1967)
 The Pentangle (1968) with Pentangle
 Sweet Child (1968) with Pentangle
 Birthday Blues (1969)
 Basket of Light (1969) with Pentangle
 Cruel Sister (1970) with Pentangle
 Reflection (1971) with Pentangle
 Rosemary Lane (1971)
 Solomon's Seal (1972) with Pentangle
 Moonshine (1973)
 LA Turnaround (1974)
 Santa Barbara Honeymoon (1975)
 A Rare Conundrum (1977)
 Avocet (1979) 
 Thirteen Down (1980)
 Heartbreak (1982)
 From The Outside (1985)
 Leather Launderette (1989)
 Sketches (1990)
 The Ornament Tree (1990)
 Live At The 12 Bar (1996)
 When the Circus Comes to Town (1995)
 Toy Ballon (1998)
 Crimson Moon (2000)
 Downunder: Live In Australia (2001)
 Dazzling Stranger: The Bert Jansch Anthology (2000)
 Edge Of A Dream (2002)
 The Black Swan (2006)

References

Other websites
 Official website

1943 births
2011 deaths
British folk musicians
British guitarists
Cancer deaths in England
Deaths from lung cancer
Entertainers from Edinburgh
Musicians from Glasgow
Scottish musicians
Scottish singer-songwriters
Desmond Mason

Desmond Mason is a retired basketball player. He was born on October 11, 1977 in Waxahachie, Texas. He went to Oklahoma State University. In 2000 and 2001 he was named All Rookie award in second place.

Other websites 
Basketball-Reference

Milwaukee Brewers players
Living people
1977 births
People from Waxahachie, Texas
Seattle SuperSonics players
New Orleans Hornets players
Sacramento Kings players
Oklahoma City Thunder players
Sportspeople from Texas
Ernesto Sabato

Ernesto Sabato (June 24, 1911 – April 30, 2011) was an Argentine writer, painter and physicist. He won some of the most important prizes for writing in Spanish and was influential in the literary world of Latin America. He was also famous for investigating war crimes in Argentina. Sabato was a member of the National Commission on the Disappearance of Persons. This tried to find out what had happened to the 30,000 people who went missing during time of military rule from 1976 to 1983.

He was born in Rojas, Buenos Aires Province on 24 June 1911. He was the tenth of eleven sons from an average family. His parents were Francesco Sabato and Giovanna Maria Ferrari, a pair of Italian inmigrants from Calabria. He began to study at the National University of La Plata in 1929, where he studied physics and mathematics. He became a member of a communist youth group and went to the International Lenin School in Moscow to study for two years. He was very concerned about the rise of Stalinism, and went back to Argentina as soon as he could. He went back to the university and completed his PhD in physics. In 1939 he went to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, but after going back to Argentina in 1940, he decided that he wanted to be a writer.

His first magazine article was published in 1941, and for the next year he wrote book reviews and translated books into Spanish. His first book, a collection of essays on the morality of science and technology, was published in 1945. His first novel, a thriller, was published in 1948, and has been translated into ten languages. His third novel, Abaddón el exterminador (The Angel of Darkness), was named in France as the best foreign book of 1976.

Sabato died in Santos Lugares, on 30 April, 2011, from bronchitis.

Related pages
List of scientists from the Americas

References

1911 births
2011 deaths
Argentine painters
Argentine scientists
Argentine writers
Deaths from bronchitis
Disease-related deaths in Argentina
People from Buenos Aires Province
Physicists
Poly Styrene

Poly Styrene (3 July 1957 – 25 April 2011), was a British musician. She was best known as the singer in the early punk rock band X-Ray Spex.

Early life
She was born in 1957 in Bromley, Kent, and raised in Brixton, London. Her mother raised her alone. Her father was a Somali aristocrat. She ran away from home as a teenager and lived in empty houses. She saw the Sex Pistols perform on her birthday in 1975. That gave her the idea to start her own punk band X-Ray Spex. She was an unusual music start because she wore braces, was mixed race, and dressed differently.

Personal life
Poly Styrene's real name was Marianne Joan Elliott-Said. She lived in St Leonards, East Sussex. She joined the Hare Krishna movement in 1983.

In 1991, Poly Styrene was diagnosed with bipolar disorder. She had breast cancer which metastasised to her spine. She died of breast cancer on 25 April 2011 at the age of 53.

List of solo recordings

Albums
 Translucence (United Artists, 1980)
 Flower Aeroplane (2004)
 Generation Indigo (Future Noise Music, 2011)

EPs
 Gods & Goddesses (Awesome, 1986)

Singles
 "Silly Billy"/"What A Way"—as Mari Elliot (GTO, 1976)
 "Talk In Toytown"/"Sub Tropical" (United Artists, 1980)
 "City Of Christmas Ghosts"—Goldblade featuring Poly Styrene (Damaged Goods, 2008)
 "Black Christmas" (2010)
 "Virtual Boyfriend" (2011)
 "Ghoulish" (2011)

References

Other websites
Poly Styrene's official website
Poly's Punky Party 

1957 births
2011 deaths
Black British musicians
British punk musicians
Cancer deaths in England
Deaths from breast cancer
Disease-related deaths in Sussex
English rock musicians
English singer-songwriters
Musicians from Kent
People from Bromley
People with bipolar disorder
Singers from London
Phoebe Snow

Phoebe Snow (July 17, 1950 - April 26, 2011) was an American singer. One of her most popular songs was "Poetry Man", from her album Phoebe Snow. She also sang the theme song for the television series A Different World.

In December 1975, Snow gave birth to a daughter, Valerie, who had hydrocephalus (too much liquid around the brain). Snow cared for her until Valerie died in 2007.

Snow suffered a brain hemorrhage (bleeding in the brain) in January 2010, from which she never recovered. Complications from the hemorrhage caused her death.

References

Other websites

singers from New York City
1950 births
2011 deaths
Vann Nath

Vann Nath (1946 – September 5, 2011) was a Cambodian artist, writer and human rights activist.

He was born in Battambang Province in northwestern Cambodia. By age 14 or 15, he was working at factory jobs for very small amounts of money. Nath was a monk from the age of 17 to 21. His sister died, and Vann Nath stopped being a monk. He began to help support the family. He entered a painting school in 1965. He was able to make money by painting after two years of study.

Natt was arrested January 7, 1978 by the Khmer Rouge He wote and painted pictures of his experiences in the Tuol Sleng prison, also known as S-21. He wrote his life story in the 1988 book, A Cambodian Prison Portrait: One Year in the Khmer Rouge's S-21 Prison. It is the only written story by a survivor of the prison. Nath survived because he was a great artist. Comrade Duch did not kill him, so that Natt could make paintings and sculptures of Pol Pot. He played an important role in helping to revive the arts in Cambodia after decades of war and genocide.

During 2001 and 2002, Vann Nath worked with Cambodian movie director Rithy Panh to make a documentary called S-21: The Khmer Rouge Killing Machine. Panh brought together former prisoners and guards from the former Tuol Sleng prison. Vann Nath spoke stringly and asked his former torturers questions.

Vann Nath had many health problems in his life, but he continued to paint and write about life during the time of Pol Pot. He died in 2011 in Phnom Penh. He was 66.

References

Other websites

 Vann Nath 
 Vann Nath - Paint Propaganda or Die - The Art History Archive
 Vann Nath, The Economist, Sep 17th 2011

Artists
1946 births
2011 deaths
Writers
Cambodian people
Stefan Maierhofer

Stefan Maierhofer (born 16 August 1982) is a football player from Austria.  He plays as striker.

Career
Maierhofer played his first matches for Vienna and SV Langrohr. At the age of 23 he went to FC Bayern München. He played in the second team for 2 seasons.  He also played 2 matches in the first squad.  He scored 21 goals in 42 Regionalliga appearances.  He was top goalscorer for the squad in both seasons.

In January 2007 Maierhofer played half a season for TuS Koblenz in the second league of Germany. The next season he signed a contract with SpVgg Greuther Fürth. The club sent him on a six-month loan to Austrian Bundesliga's Rapid Vienna in January 2008. Rapid then signed a contract with him. 

In 2009 he went to the Premier League. He played for Wolverhampton Wanderers. In 2010 he went on loan to MSV Duisburg. With the team he reached the German Cup final. In August 2011 he returned to Austria and signed with F. C. Red Bull Salzburg.

He also played 15 times for the Austrian national football team.  He scored two goals with them.

Honours
Champion Austrian Bundesliga: 2008 with Rapid Wien

Other websites

 website
 Stefan Maierhofer at worldfootball.net
 Stefan Maierhofer on Facebook 
 Team website:Profile S.Maierhofer

1982 births
Living people
Austrian footballers
FC Red Bull Salzburg players
People from Lower Austria
Players of the Austrian national football team
Vittorio Arrigoni

Vittorio Arrigoni (; 4 February 1975 – 5 April 2011) was an Italian reporter, writer, pacifist and activist. was an Italian journalist and peace activist who had gone to live in the Gaza Strip. He was very critical of Israel, but also Islamist groups that wanted an extreme Islamic state. 

An Islamic terrorist group kidnapped Arrigoni and said they would kill him unless the Hamas government released their leader from prison. They showed Arrigoni with his eyes covered, on a YouTube video, with the text "The Italian hostage entered our land only to spread corruption." The police went to a building in Gaza where they found Arrigoni's body. He had been beaten and strangled.

References

1975 births
2011 deaths
Deaths by strangulation
Gaza Strip
Italian writers
Italian journalists
Murder victims
People from Lombardy
Thor Vilhjalmsson

Thor Vilhjalmsson (12 August 1925 – 2 March 2011) was an Icelandic writer. His first novel, Maðurinn er alltaf einn (Man is Always Alone) was published in 1950. In 1988 he won the Nordic Council Literary Prize for his novel Grámosinn glóir (Justice Undone).

Vilhjalmsson was born in Edinburgh, Scotland in 1925. He studied at the University of Iceland in 1944-1946, at the University of Nottingham in 1946-1947 and at the Sorbonne in Paris from 1947-1952. He worked as a librarian at the National Library of Iceland in 1953 and at the National Theatre 1955-1957. He was involved in many art groups and events including the Reykjavik Writers Festival, the Writer's Union of Iceland, the Federation of Icelandic Artists, the Reykjavík Arts Festival, the Reykjavík Film Festival and the Reykjavík Judo-Society.

References

1925 births
2011 deaths
Thor Vilhjalmsson
People from Edinburgh
Party Rock Anthem

"Party Rock Anthem" is a hit song by the American duo LMFAO with English singer Lauren Bennett. The song is the first single off their second album Sorry for Party Rocking, released in 2011. The song hit number one in many countries.

2011 songs
Billboard Rhythmic Songs number-one singles
Cy Twombly

Edwin Parker "Cy" Twombly, Jr. (April 25, 1928 – July 5, 2011)  was an American artist. He used the nickname "Cy", after his father and the star baseball pitcher Cy Young.

Twombly was known for his large-scale, freely scribbled, calligraphic-style graffiti paintings, on solid fields of mostly gray, tan, or off-white colors. He exhibited his paintings worldwide. Twombly's paintings blur the line between drawing and painting. Many of his best-known paintings of the late 1960s are reminiscent of a school blackboard on which someone has practiced cursive "e"s. Twombly had at this point discarded painting figurative, representational subject-matter, citing the line or smudge – each mark with its own history – as its proper subject.  

Later, many of his paintings and works on paper moved into "romantic symbolism", and their titles can be interpreted visually through shapes and forms and words. Twombly often quoted the poet Stéphane Mallarmé, as well as many classical myths and allegories in his works. Examples of this are his Apollo and The Artist and a series of eight drawings consisting solely of inscriptions of the word "VIRGIL". In a 1994 retrospective, curator Kirk Varnedoe described Twombly's work as “influential among artists, discomfiting to many critics and truculently difficult not just for a broad public, but for sophisticated initiates of postwar art as well". After acquiring Twombly's Three Studies from the Temeraire (1998–99), the Director of the Art Gallery of New South Wales said "sometimes people need a little bit of help in recognising a great work of art that might be a bit unfamiliar". He is said to have influenced younger artists such as Anselm Kiefer, Francesco Clemente, and Julian Schnabel.

References

Other websites 
Cy Twombly: Comprehensive collection of more than 200 images of artist's works with biography, articles and exhibition information.
From VOGUE to NEST: 032c activates the secret history of CY TWOMBLY by HORST P. HORST in 032, Issue #19, Summer 2010.
NY Times ArtsBeat, Cy Twombly, Idiosyncratic Painter dies at 83

American painters
1928 births
2011 deaths
Owsley Stanley

Owsley Stanley (born Augustus Owsley Stanley III, January 19, 1935 – March 13, 2011) also known as Bear, was an important person in the rise of the San Francisco Bay counter-culture. During the Beat-era years of Ken Kesey's Merry Pranksters scenes, he was also important in the explosion of 1960's psychedelia culture.

A brilliant and eclectic crafts-person he was best known under the name of "Owsley" - a magician like figure who "cooked" LSD. Under the professional name of Bear he is known around the world as the music producer, engineer and artist to psychedelic rock band the Grateful Dead.

Bear was the road manager for The Grateful Dead. He met the band when Kesey had them come to an Owsley Acid test party to try a new batch of LSD. Bear's technical interests helped the band's interest in electronic, acoustic and mystical properties of sound. He became their sound engineer. He was one of the first to mix sound live, and in stereo, and achieved a high sound quality. He often recorded live tapes behind his mixing board. They developed their own high-fidelity audio components and sound-systems for their performances. The bands tours evolved around a gigantic "Wall of Sound", with stacks of Stanley-designed equipment. His expert changes meant fans of the Grateful Dead could enjoy the full sonic range of the concert even in the outdoors.

His abilities helped The Dead to experiment further afield, playing in dramatic and remote places. Their need for support to tour with big shows, and their need for special equipment, meant that companies formed to supply them. These needs were the starting point for both Marin County's high-end music-instrument makers Alembic Inc and concert-sound manufacturer Meyer Sound. And his drug making helped to get the band started.

Stanley was one of the first people to manufacture mass quantities of LSD. His LSD is still known for its quality and purity. Between 1965 and 1967, Stanley produced more than 1.25 million doses of LSD. This amount of quality LSD was responsible for the wide popularity of the drug, and the development of an anti-authoritarian, anti-war counter-culture. From the 'Sunset Strip Riots' in Los Angeles, to the Summer of Love in San Francisco's Haight-Ashbury  was described as "the biggest LSD party in history.". The name "Owsley" was linked to cheap LSD of good quality.

Stanley died in an car accident in Queensland, Australia on March 13, 2011.

References

2011 deaths
1935 births
Accidental deaths in Australia
American chemists
Australian scientists
Road accident deaths
Scientists from Kentucky
Miss Independent

"Miss Independent" is a 2003 song by the singer-songwriter Kelly Clarkson, released from her album Thankful. It was the second single overall at the time of its release by Clarkson, and her second Top Ten hit in Billboard Hot 100. Miss Independent was nominated with Best Female Pop Vocal Performance; however, the song lost the award to the Christina Aguilera song Beautiful.

2003 songs
Kelly Clarkson songs
Bruce Cowan

David Bruce Cowan, AM (15 January 1926—7 April 2011) was an Australian politician and Minister of the Crown in the cabinets of Tom Lewis and Sir Eric Willis. He was a member of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly for 14 years from 6 November 1965 until his resignation on 29 August 1980 and then for 13 years in the Australian House of Representatives for Lyne for the Country Party of Australia and its successors, the National Country and then National Parties.

He was the father-in-law of the current Premier of New South Wales, Barry O'Farrell.

Cowan died on 7 April 2011, a week after O'Farrell was elected Premier of New South Wales.

References

1926 births
2011 deaths
Order of Australia
Politicians from New South Wales
National Party of Australia politicians
Anne Francis

Anne Francis (September 16, 1930 - January 2, 2011) was an American actress. She was best known for starring in the 1956 science fiction movie Forbidden Planet. In the 1960s, she starred in her own television series, Honey West. She was nominated for an Emmy Award for her work in that series.

Francis was diagnosed with lung cancer in 2007. She died of pancreatic cancer in 2011.

Personal life
Francis was married twice and had two daughters.

Selected performances

Movies
Portrait of Jennie (uncredited)
Blackboard Jungle
Forbidden Planet
Funny Girl

Television
Rawhide, episode "Incident of the Shambling Man"
Route 66, 2 episodes
Dr. Kildare, episode "A Million Dollar Property"
Alfred Hitchcock Presents, 2 episodes
The Twilight Zone (original series), 2 episodes
Death Valley Days, episode "The Last Stagecoach Robbery"
Ben Casey, 2 episodes
The Man from U.N.C.L.E., 2 episodes
Burke's Law, 2 episodes as "Honey West"
Honey West, as the title character
The Fugitive, episode "The One That Got Away"
Mission: Impossible, episode "The Double Circle"
My Three Sons, 3 episodes
Gunsmoke, episode "Sarah"
Columbo, 2 episodes
Ironside, 2 episodes
Hawaii Five-O, episode "When Does a War End?"
Dallas, 4 episodes
The Golden Girls, episode "Till Death Do We Volley"
Murder, She Wrote, 3 episodes

References

Other websites

1930 births
2011 deaths
Actors from New York
American movie actors
American stage actors
American television actors
Cancer deaths in the United States
Deaths from pancreatic cancer
Dorothea Puente

Dorothea Puente (9 January, 1929 — 27 March, 2011) was an American murderer. She was sent to prison for killing three people at her home in Sacramento, California. Puente ran a boarding house where old people, people with a disability or mental illness were able to live. A social worker thought something was wrong after a mentally disabled person disappeared from her home. When the police searched the house they found seven bodies buried in the yard. Another two bodies were found in a box in the Sacramento River. She killed people with drugs and stole their money. She had taken more than $87,000 from people she had murdered.

Puente had a hard life; her father was an alcoholic and her mother a prostitute. She was placed in an orphanage as a young child where she was sexually abused. She married at 16 years of age and had two children who were both later adopted. At 19 her husband died and she was sent to prison for fraud. She was sent to prison for using drugs to steal from old people. Puente said all the victims died from natural causes. She did not tell anyone they had died because she had only been let out of prison on the condition that she did not look after old people. 

The jury found her guilty of three murders. She died from natural causes while still a prisoner at the Central California Women's Facility in Chowchilla.

References

1929 births
2011 deaths
Deaths from natural causes
American prisoners
American serial killers
People from Sacramento, California
Paul Baran

Paul Baran (1926–2011) was an American engineer. He was one of the first people to work in developing computer networks. He invented packet switching networks. Later, he started several companies that made important parts of the Internet and other modern digital communication.
 
Paul Baran was born in Grodno, Poland (which is now in  Belarus) on April 29, 1926. His family moved to the United States in 1928.  He graduated from Drexel University in 1949 with a degree in electrical engineering. He did technical work on the first commercial computers in the United States. He got a Masters degree in engineering from UCLA. His thesis was on character recognition.
 
In 1959, Baran joined RAND Corporation. He designed a "survivable" communications system that could keep working across long distances even if hit by nuclear weapons. Baran proved that by dividing communication into short packages, the packages could be easily rerouted when a part of the network was lost. Special computers (called "routers") would steer the packages around the network toward their final destinations. This later became the basic design of the internet.
 
In 1968, Baran was a founder of the Institute for the Future, and then involved in other networking technologies developed in Silicon Valley. He founded a number of high technology companies.
 
Baran died in Palo Alto, California at the age of 84 on March 26, 2011, from lung cancer.

Awards and honors
 IEEE Alexander Graham Bell Medal (1990)
 Marconi Prize (1991)
 Nippon Electronics Corporation C&C Prize (1996)
 Bower Award and Prize for Achievement in Science (2001)
 Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (2003)
 National Inventors Hall of Fame (2007)
 National Medal of Technology and Innovation (2007)
 UCLA Engineering Alumnus of the Year (2009)

References

Other websites

 A paper in which Baran talks about working at RAND, how he became interested in survivable communications, the evolution of his plan for distributed networks, the objections he received, and the writing and distribution of his eleven-volume work, On Distributed Communications. Baran discusses his work with the group at ARPA who later developed ARPANET.
 This describes Paul Baran's development of packet switching and its application to wireless computing.
 A copy of Baran's keynote address at the Countdown to Technology 2000 Winter Conference that includes a photo.

 
 

1926 births
2011 deaths
American computer scientists
Engineers from California
Tom Gehrels

Tom Gehrels (1925 – 2011), was an American astronomer, Professor Planetary Sciences, and Astronomer at the University of Arizona, Tucson. With co-workers, he discovered over 4,000 asteroids, including Apollo asteroids, Amor asteroids, as well as dozens of Trojan asteroids. Gehrels also discovered a number of comets. In an interview, Gehrels was asked what he would do if an asteroid hit the Earth. He said, "Go out there and have a look, of course."
 
In the 1970s, Gehrels was in charge of the Imaging Photopolarimeter experiment on the Pioneer 10 and Pioneer 11 satellites which explored the planets, Jupiter and Saturn.
 
Gehrels edited a number of space science textbooks. One of his sons, Neil Gehrels, was also an astronomer.
 
Gehrels was part of the Dutch Resistance in World War II. In 1994, he argued that German rocket scientist Wernher von Braun had been involved in Nazi concentration camps during that war.

Books 
Physical Studies of Minor Planets, edited by Tom Gehrels (1971), NASA SP-267
Planets Stars and Nebulae Studied With Photopolarimetry, edited by Tom Gehrels (1974), 
Jupiter: Studies of the Interior, Atmosphere, Magnetosphere, and Satellites, edited by Tom Gehrels and Mildred Shapley Matthews (1976), 
Protostars & Planets: Studies of Star Formation and of the Origin of the Solar System, edited by Tom Gehrels and Mildred Shapley Matthews (1978), 
Asteroids, edited by Tom Gehrels and Mildred Shapley Matthews (1979), 
Saturn, edited by Tom Gehrels and Mildred Shapley Matthews (1984), 
Asteroids II, edited by Richard P. Binzel, Tom Gehrels, and Mildred Shapely Matthews (1989), 
Hazards Due to Comets and Asteroids, edited by Tom Gehrels, Mildred Shapley Matthews, and A. M. Schumann (1994), 
On the Glassy Sea, in Search of a Worldview, Tom Gehrels (2007, first published in 1988), 
Survival Through Evolution: From Multiverse to Modern Society, Tom Gehrels (2007),

References

Other websites
Gehrels - university page
Obituary from University of Arizona

1925 births
2011 deaths
American astronomers
Asteroid discoverers
Scientists from Tucson, Arizona
Educators from Tucson, Arizona
Diane Cilento

Diane Cilento (5 October 1933 – 6 October 2011) was an Australian actress and author.

Early life 
She was born on 5 October 1933 in Mooloolaba, Queensland. Her parents were medical practitioners Sir Raphael Cilento and Phyllis, Lady Cilento. At an early age, she decided to be an actress. She graduated from Royal Academy of Dramatic Art, London and moved to England in the early 1950s. Cliento began to have roles in British movies. She went on to win international acclaim as an actress during the 1950s and 1960s.

Personal life 
She was married three times and had two children. She was nominated for a Best Supporting Actress Academy Award for Tom Jones. In 2001, she was awarded the Centenary Medal, for "distinguished service to the arts, especially theatre".

Death 
She died of cancer on 6 October 2011.

References 

1933 births
2011 deaths
Actors from Queensland
Australian movie actors
Australian television actors
Cancer deaths in Queensland
People from the Sunshine Coast, Queensland
Writers from Queensland
Charles Napier

Charles L. Napier (April 12, 1936 – October 5, 2011) was an American actor.

Napier was born on April 12, 1936, near Scottsville, Kentucky, Napier moved to Hollywood after graduating from Western Kentucky University with a degree in art. 

His first acting position in Hollywood was on an episode of Mission: Impossible. Napier later acted as military figures villains, such as playing Marshal Murdock in the movie Rambo: First Blood Part II. 

Napier died on October 5, 2011, in a hospital in Bakersfield, California from thrombosis, aged 75.

References

1936 births
2011 deaths
Deaths from thrombosis
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
actors from Kentucky
Elisabeth Sladen

Elisabeth Claira Heath Sladen (1 February 1946 – 19 April 2011) was an English actress. Born on 1 February 1946 in Liverpool, Sladen attended the Elliott-Clarke Drama school. From 1973 to 1976, Sladen played Sarah Jane Smith on Doctor Who. Sladen again played Sarah Jane on a spin-off CBBC show, The Sarah Jane Adventures. She died in Southall, west London on 19 April 2011 from cancer.

References

1946 births
2011 deaths
Actors from Liverpool
Cancer deaths in England
English movie actors
English stage actors
English television actors
Jordan Lake

B. Everett Jordan Lake is a lake in Chatham County, North Carolina. It was made by building a dam on the Haw River. Its area is about .

References

Other websites

Lakes of the United States
Geography of North Carolina
U + Ur Hand

"U + Ur Hand" was a highly controversial song by the American singer Pink. It was released in 2006. Its lyrics represent men that would flirt at her in nightclubs. The single caused major controversy in the United States due to racy lyrics. Some radio stations declined to play the single because of its controversial subject matter.

2006 songs
Pink songs
Melody Thornton

Melody Thornton (born September 28, 1984) is an American R&B singer-songwriter, vocalist, dancer, model, showgirl and television personality. She became famous because she was in the singing group the Pussycat Dolls. She was the youngest member of the group. She had the second most important singing role, next to the lead singer Nicole Scherzinger. She was noticed for her melismatic vocal runs. In 2010, Thornton left the group to work on her solo career.

American singer-songwriters
American dancers
Models from Phoenix, Arizona
Writers from Phoenix, Arizona
1984 births
Living people
Participants in American reality television series
Singers from Phoenix, Arizona