cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
James Faulkner

James Sebastian Faulkner (born July 18, 1948) or James Reed Faulkner is an English actor who is known for his roles in The Bank Job, Bridget Jones's Diary, Bridget Jones: The Edge of Reason, Agent Cody Banks 2: Destination London, and in Zulu Down.

Faulkner was born on July 18, 1948 in Hampstead, London, England. He is married to Kate Faulkner. They had two sons, Guy and Leo Faulkner. He now lives in London, England.

References

Other websites
The Official James Faulkner Website 

James Faulkner at the CrystalAcids Anime Voice Actor Database

1948 births
Living people
English movie actors
English television actors
English voice actors
English stage actors
Actors from London
Luge

Luge is a Winter Olympics sport. It is similar to the bobsleigh, but faster and more dangerous. At the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver, a Georgian athlete was killed in practice after several complaints that the track was too fast.

Winter Olympic sports
Winter sports
Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic

The Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (Russian SFSR or RSFSR; ), previously known as the Russian Soviet Republic and the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic as well as being unofficially known as Soviet Russia, Russian Federation  or simply Russia, was an independent socialist state from 1917 to 1922. Afterwards it was the largest and most populous of the Soviet socialist republics of the Soviet Union (USSR) from 1922 to 1991.

References

Soviet Union
Illeana Douglas

Illeana Douglas (born July 25, 1965) is an American actress. She has appeared in many movies and television programs. She was in the 1991 remake movie Cape Fear. She also acted in the television sitcom Ugly Betty. She also hosts many programs for Turner Classic Movies.

References

American movie actors
American television actors
1965 births
Living people
American stage actors
American voice actors
Movie directors from Massachusetts
Movie producers from Massachusetts
Screenwriters from Massachusetts
American television presenters
Actors from Massachusetts
People from Quincy, Massachusetts
Frederick Franklin

Frederick Franklin (1840–1873) was a United States Navy sailor. He received the Medal of Honor for actions during the 1871 Korean Campaign.

Biography
Frederick H. Franklin was born in 1840 in Portsmouth, New Hampshire. 

Along with Bosun's Mate Alexander MacKenzie, Marine Private John Coleman, Ordinary Seaman Samuel F. Rogers and fellow Quartermaster William Troy in the attempt to save the life of Lieutenant Hugh McKee. Mckee was mortally wounded in the action. Lieutenant McKee was not eligible for the medal as an officer. 

He is buried in Proprietors' Cemetery Portsmouth, New Hampshire.

Medal of Honor citation
Citation:

On board the U.S.S. Colorado during the attack and capture of the Korean forts on 11 June 1871. Assuming command of Company D, after Lt. McKee was wounded, Franklin handled the company with great credit until relieved.

Related pages
List of Medal of Honor recipients

References

1840 births
1873 deaths
United States Navy Medal of Honor recipients
People from Portsmouth, New Hampshire
Specialist (rank)

Specialist (abbreviated "SPC") is one of the four junior enlisted ranks in the U.S. Army. It is just above Private First Class and equivalent in pay grade to Corporal. Unlike Corporals, Specialists are not considered junior non-commissioned officers (NCOs).

Specialist

On 1 July 1955 four grades of Specialist were established. The first was Specialist Three (E-4). It is the only one that still exists. It was changed to Specialist Four in 1958. Specialist Two (E-5), Specialist One (E-6), and Master Specialist (E-7) were also created in 1955. These were all eventually replaced with other titles. In 1958 the DoD added two more pay grades. This gave enlisted soldiers more opportunities to progress to a full career. These were Specialist Eight (E-8) and Specialist Nine (E-9) which were abolished in 1968. All except SP4 were abolished in 1984 when SP4 was renamed as "Specialist" and abbreviated as "SPC".

References

Other websites
U.S. Army Enlisted Rank Insignia - Criteria, Background, and Images
The Short History of the Specialist Rank by Daniel K. Elder, CSM (Ret), USA

Military ranks
442nd Infantry Regiment (United States)

The 442nd Regimental Combat Team () of the United States Army was a regimental size fighting unit. It was composed almost entirely of American soldiers of Japanese descent.  These men  volunteered to fight in World War II even though their families were subject to internment. The 442nd, beginning in 1944, fought primarily in Europe during World War II. The 442nd was a self-sufficient force. It fought with uncommon distinction in Italy, southern France, and Germany. The 442nd is considered to be the most decorated infantry regiment in the history of the United States Army. The 442nd was awarded eight Presidential Unit Citations and twenty-one of its members were awarded the Medal of Honor for World War II. The 442nd Regimental Combat Team motto was, "Go for Broke".

References

References

Other websites

Official sites
  22 Asian Americans Inducted into Hall of Heroes  (pentagon.mil)
 The "Go for Broke" Regiment Lives Duty, Honor, Country (defenselink.mil)

Resources
 Asian-Nation: 442nd RCT Rescue of the Lost Battalion
 Go For Broke National Education Center 
  The 442nd Regimental Combat Team 
 100th Battalion, 442nd Infantry
 Hawaii Star Bulletin article on Hawaii Statehood passage 
 "U.S. Samurais in Bruyeres" by Pierre Moulin
 The Story of the 442nd Combat Team compiled by members of the 442nd Combat Team, Mitsuye Yamada papers, Special Collections and Archives, The UC Irvine Libraries, via Calisphere.
 "From a Quiet American, a Story of War and Remembrance". The New York Times. 16 August 2008.
 Medal of Honor recipient George Joe Sakato on Veterans Chronicles  produced by the
 Japanese American Veterans Collection , Archives & Manuscripts Department, University of Hawaii at Manoa Library

Media
 442-Live with Honor, Die with Dignity: Documentary Film 2010
 Valor with Honor: documentary film on the Japanese American 442nd Regimental Combat Team
 ONLY THE BRAVE Official Movie Site
 The Official Website for upcoming movie LITTLE IRON MEN about the 442nd's rescue of the Lost Battalion
 A Path to Lunch Liberation Day and the Liberation of America, the 442nd in Lunigiana and Versilia.

Organizations
 Americans of Japanese Ancestry World War II Memorial Alliance 
 WWII Japanese American Veterans' Registry 
 442nd Regimental Combat Team Historical Society
 442nd World War II Reenactors
 Go For Broke National Education Center

Congressional Gold Medal recipients
Rex Reed

Rex Taylor Reed (born October 2, 1938) is an American movie critic, journalist, actor, and was the co-host for At the Movies. He worked for the New York Observer. He appeared as himself in the 1978 movie Superman.

Reed was born on October 2, 1938 in Fort Worth, Texas. He was raised in New York City, New York. He now lives in Manhattan, New York City, New York. He is good friends with Liz Smith.

References

Other websites
 Rex Reed's New York Observer movie review archive
 

1938 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television personalities
American journalists
American movie critics
Writers from Texas
Writers from New York City
Actors from Fort Worth, Texas
Actors from New York City
Joe Morgenstern

Joe Morgenstern (born October 3, 1932) is an American Pulitzer Prize-winning movie critic, historian, and journalist for the Wall Street Journal. He was born in Matamoras.

He was raised in New York City, New York. He studied at Lehigh University. He was married to Piper Laurie from 1962 until they divorced in 1982. They had one daughter. He now lives in New York City, New York.

References

Other websites
 Bio on Pulitzer Prize Site
 "Joe Morgenstern '53: Pulitzer winner is essayist at heart" from the Lehigh University Alumni Bulletin
 

1932 births
Living people
American journalists
American historians
American movie critics
Writers from Pennsylvania
Writers from New York City
Pulitzer Prize winners
Vincent Canby

Vincent Canby (July 27, 1924 – October 15, 2000) was an American movie critic, historian, and journalist who is known for being the critic for The New York Times.

Canby was born on July 27, 1924 in Chicago, Illinois. He was raised in New York City, New York. He studied at Dartmouth College. He was never married. Canby died on October 15, 2000 in Manhattan, New York City, New York from cancer, aged 76.

References

Other websites
 Vincent Canby Reviews at The New York Times
 

1924 births
2000 deaths
American historians
Movie critics from Chicago
Journalists from Chicago
Writers from Chicago
Writers from New York City
American military personnel of World War II
Cancer deaths in New York
Jonathan Rosenbaum

Jonathan Rosenbaum (born February 27, 1943) is an American movie critic, journalist, and historian. He worked for the Chicago Reader until his retirement in 2008 at age 65.

Rosenbaum was born on February 27, 1943 in Florence, Alabama. He was raised in Chicago, Illinois. He studied at The Putney School and at Bard College. He was never married. He now lives in Chicago, Illinois.

References

Other websites
 Official Blog
 Chicago Reader: Jonathan Rosenbaum bibliography 
 Jonathan Rosenbaum's 1000 Essential Films 
 Interview with Rosenbaum on Orson Welles
 CineScene interview 
 Interview with: Jonathan Rosenbaum  on The Oxford American

1943 births
Living people
American historians
Movie critics from Chicago
Journalists from Chicago
Writers from Alabama
Writers from Chicago
People from Florence, Alabama
Jane Kaczmarek

Jane Kaczmarek (born December 21, 1955, Milwaukee, Wisconsin) is an American actress who acted as Lois in Malcolm in the Middle. She has acted on other television series, particularly sitcoms.

American television actors
Actors from Wisconsin
1955 births
Living people
Mike Awesome

Michael Lee Alfonso (January 24, 1965 – February 17, 2007) was an American professional wrestler best known for wrestling with Extreme Championship Wrestling, World Championship Wrestling and the WWF/WWE best known under the ring name Mike Awesome.

ECW
During his time with ECW, he won the ECW World Heavyweight Championship two times and the ECW World Tag Team Championship one time with Raven.

WCW
He joined WCW in 2000 and started his "Career Killer" gimmick when he threw Chris Kanyon off the top of the first level of a triple cage and he landed on the entrance ramp. His gimmick was somewhat changed and he started calling himself "The Fat Chick Thrilla" after his heavy women. He would later change his gimmick once again and was known as "That '70s Guy" Mike Awesome which was a reference to That '70s Show. As The '70s Guy, he would dress up in different 1970s inspired outfits and also hosted an interview segment called the "Lava Lamp Lounge". He also used to drive a bus which was painted like the bus in The Partridge Family into arenas for his entrance. He also feuded with Vampiro and Insane Clown Posse members Violent J and Shaggy 2 Dope.

WWF/WWE
He became part of The Invasion storyline and debuted on WWE television when he attacked Rhyno with a metal pipe after Rhyno defeated Test for the Hardcore Championship. After he attacked Rhyno, he powerbombed him onto a ladder and pinned him to become Hardcore Champion because of the 24/7 rule. He become the first member of the Invaders to win a title in the WWF but he finally lost the title when he was pinned by Jeff Hardy on SmackDown!. He was later assigned to appear on WWE Velocity where he jobbed before being released on  September 27, 2002. He later said in the book, The Death of WCW, that "Being in the WWE (formerly the WWF) sucked. I hated it. You had to kiss everybody's ass... You had to be on your political toes all the time. You would not believe the backstage politics. You were getting stabbed in the back constantly. I was so happy when I was told I was gone [fired]."

He left the WWE and appeared on the independent circuit for five years before retiring from professional wresting in February 2006 to spend more time with his family.

Death
He was found hanged in his Tampa home by a group of his friends on February 17, 2007.

References

Other websites 

1965 births
2007 deaths
American professional wrestlers
Former WWE wrestlers
Sportspeople from Tampa, Florida
Suicides by hanging in the United States
Kenneth Turan

Kenneth Turan (born October 27, 1946) is an American movie critic, journalist, historian, and radio personality. He has worked for the Los Angeles Times since 1991.

Turan was born on October 27, 1946 in Brooklyn, New York. He studied at Swarthmore College and at Columbia University. Turan is not married and has no children. He now lives in Los Angeles, California.

References

Other websites
NPR biography
Turan's page at USC 

1946 births
Living people
American journalists
American historians
American radio personalities
American movie critics
Writers from New York City
Writers from Los Angeles
Steven Rea

Steven Rea or Steven X. Rea is a British-born American movie critic, journalist, historian, writer, and poet. He writes for the Philadelphia Inquirer.

Rea was born in London, England. He was raised in New York City. Rea studied at Stuyvesant High School, at San Francisco State University, and at the University of Iowa. He is married. He lives in Los Angeles, California and in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

References

Other websites
 On Movies, Rea's blog
 Previous website for On Movies blog

Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
American historians
American movie critics
American poets
Journalists from London
Journalists from New York City
Writers from London
Writers from New York City
Michael Phillips (critic)

Michael Phillips (born 1961) is an American movie critic, journalist, and historian who works as a critic for the Chicago Tribune. His influences include Roger Ebert and Gene Siskel.

Phillips was born in 1961 in Kenosha, Wisconsin. He was raised in Racine, Wisconsin. He studied at the University of Minnesota. He now lives in Chicago, Illinois.

References

Other websites
 
 Michael Phillips at the Chicago Tribune

1961 births
Living people
American journalists
American historians
Movie critics from Chicago
Writers from Wisconsin
Writers from Chicago
People from Kenosha, Wisconsin
People from Racine, Wisconsin
Ansbertus

Ansbertus, Ansbert or Ausbert was a Frankish nobleman and politician. His wife, Billihild, claimed to be the daughter of Charibert I, Merovingian King of Paris, and granddaughter of Chlothar I Magnus. Ansbert was the father of Arnoald of Mez and grandfather of Doda of Mez.

Related pages 
 Pepin von Landen

6th-century births
6th-century deaths
Carolingian dynasty
European politicians
Autobiographers
Colin Covert

Colin Covert is an American movie critic, historian, and journalist. He worked as a critic for the Minneapolis Star Tribune. In December 2018, Covert resigned from the Tribune after he was accused of plagiarism.

Covert was born in Elizabeth, New Jersey. He studied at Macalester College. He was raised in Minnesota. Covert now lives in Minneapolis, Minnesota.

References

Other websites
 Colin Covert at rottentomatoes.com 
 Colin Covert bio at startribune.com

Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
American journalists
American historians
Movie critics from Chicago
Writers from Minneapolis, Minnesota
Writers from Chicago
Writers from New Jersey
Curriculum

A curriculum (plural: curricula) is a program of study. It is used to plan teaching or training. It spells out the details so others can know what is going to happen:
what topics will be taught
in which order they will be taught
often, how much time will be spent on each topic
it is often linked to a timetable, and other details of an organisation where it will take place
it is often authorised by a public or private examination board, and used as the basis for setting exams

Today it usually means the courses, their content, and the  coursework offered at a school or university. Often, curricula are backed by some kind of theory, or by intending to change what was done before. Curricula may be backed by textbooks and by courses to train teachers. The study of curricula is part of most qualifications for teachers.

A similar word is syllabus, which means a summary of topics which will be covered during an academic course, or book or lecture. Another term is discipline, which in this sense means an academic subject-matter.

Historical development 
Historically, curricula have done more than act as a background for syllabi and examinations. They have discussed the basis of teaching by taking account of:
the psychology of children, especially younger children.
the needs of society, including the needs of employers.
the growth in knowledge, for example in science
the balance between education and training
the legal status of the education, for example whether the education is voluntary or mandatory

The four questions asked by Tylor in his introductory text are generally regarded as fundamental:
What educational purposes should the school seek to attain? 
How can learning experiences be selected which are useful in attaining these objectives? 
How can learning experiences be organized for effective instruction?
How can the effectiveness of learning experiences be evaluated?

There are no hard-and-fast rules for answering those questions. There have always been different theories of education which are based on different attitudes to education and to life itself. Roughly speaking, these theories have two opposite ends. At one end is child-centered education. This is concerned to adapt the teaching to the needs and development of individual children, and is most used in kindergarten and primary education. The other end is society-oriented. It aims to make sure society gets a steady supply of young adults able to fill the jobs and roles which society needs to be filled. In some countries the approach would be more religion-oriented. This would aim to produce young adults whose main aim is to live according to the precepts (beliefs, practices) of a particular religion.

Hidden curriculum 
A term sometimes used to describe what a critic thinks is really going on in an educational system. It means the unspoken beliefs and values of an institution, the implicit demands of behavour and respect. In a school subject-matter is taught, but much else is going on.

Related pages 
Trivium
Quadrivium
Subject (school)

References 

Education
Otto I the Illustrious

Otto I of Saxony and Otto the Illustrious (ca. 841 – 30 November 912) was a German Saxon noble. He was Duke of Saxony. He was the father of Henry I the Fowlers and grandfather of Otto I the Great. He was also father-in-law of Zwentibold, Carolingian King of Lotharingia.

Otto was born between 830 and 841, and was one of the sons of Liudolf, Duke of Saxony, and Gisela, the daughter of Everhart Friuli and Geslea of Franks. Otto's uncle was Berengar I of Italy. His paternal ancestor was an old chief of Saxony.

Otto was a powerful noble of Saxony and Eastern Germany  for a long time. His sister Liutgard was married to King Louis the Younger. Around the 890s, his daughter Oda married Zwentibold, King of Lotharingia.

In 911, the East Frankish King Louis the Child died without any children. German nobles said that Otto should be crowned as king, but he declined (said no) because of his old age (he was around 70 at that point). He instead recommended Conrad to Franken, his powerful political rival. In 918, his son Henry I the Fowler was appointed as King.

Ottonian dynasty
840s births
912 deaths
History of Germany
European politicians
Kings and Queens in Germany
Autobiographers
Rachel Ward

Rachel Claire Ward (born 12 September 1957) is an English movie and television performer who starred in movies like Dead Men Don't Wear Plaid and Night School. She also starred in the television miniseries The Thorn Birds.

English movie actors
1957 births
Living people
Trinity Hall, Cambridge

Trinity Hall is one of the colleges of the University of Cambridge, England. It is often just called Tit Hall by the students. It was created in 1350 and it is the fifth oldest college. It takes its name from the Holy Trinity. 

The money to build the college was given by William Bateman, the Bishop of Norwich. He wanted to build a new centre for studying canon law and civil science. This was because the Black Death had killed many priests. Today, it has about 600 students. The college is found next to the river Cam. In 1999, the Jerwood Library was built. It became quite famous in Cambridge because it is a beautiful building by the river.

Many important people have studied at Trinity Hall, for example:
Stephen Hawking, physicist and cosmologist
J. B. Priestley, author
Rachel Weisz, an actress who won an Academy Award

There also many British rowers that have studied at Trinity Hall and won medals at the Olympics. This is because the college has a very good boat club, where students can play this sport.

Other websites 

Official website

Colleges of the University of Cambridge
1350 establishments
1350s establishments in Europe
14th-century establishments in England
Wolfson College, Cambridge

Wolfson College is one of the 31 Colleges of the University of Cambridge, England. The College admits mature students, who are 21 years or older, for both undergraduate and postgraduate courses. 

The College was founded in 1965 as University College. The name was changed to Wolfson College on 1 January 1973, following a major donation from the Wolfson Foundation, a charity. Today there are more than 900 students at the College with approximately 70% coming from overseas. The College is located on Barton Road, which is about a mile to the west of Cambridge city centre.

References

Other websites 

Official website

1965 establishments in England
Colleges of the University of Cambridge
Comenius

Comenius  (28 March 1592 – 15 November 1670) was a 17th-century Czech bishop, and an innovator in education. His name is spelt differently in almost every language. In English it is John Amos Comenius, but he is usually called just 'Comenius'.

Comenius is famous for arguing for universal literacy, and inventing the idea of a modern textbook which used pictures as well as prose to get its message across. Comenius also tried to design a language in which false statements could not be written.

Some books by Comenius 
There are about 16 works, with many translations and versions.
 1633–1638. Didactica magna ("The Great Didactic").
 1642. A reformation of schools, designed in two excellent treatises. This is an English excerpt from the above. It explains his ideas for reform.
 1658. Orbis sensualium pictus: quadrilingus. It is something like an illustrated dictionary, in two languages,  Latin, and German
 1659. English edition.
 1685 in four languages: Latin, Czech, German and Hungarian (Magyar).
 Orbis Pictus had a long-lasting influence on children's education. It was a precursor of both audio-visual techniques and the lexical approach in language learning. There is a Kindle version in English.

References 

1592 births
1670 deaths
Czech educators
James Buck

James Buck (1808 – November 1, 1865) was a sailor in the United States Navy during the American Civil War. He received the Medal of Honor for his actions aboard U.S.S. Brooklyn.

Biography
Buck, born in Denver, Colorado and joined the Navy in 1852. He was an Acting Master's Mate when he was presented the Medal of Honor. He received it for his actions aboard U.S.S. Brooklyn. He was a Quartermaster. The medal was approved under General Order 11, dated April 3, 1863.

Buck died November 1, 1865. He is buried in Greenmount Cemetery in Baltimore, MD. His grave is in section Q-24, GPS (lat/lon): 39.30936, -76.6062.

Honors
The United States Navy named three ships USS Buck in his name. The first ship to be name after Buck was . It was a motorboat built in 1911. The second ship to be named after Buck was . It was a Sims-class destroyer. That ship served from 1939 until she was sunk during the invasion of Italy in 1943. The third and final ship to take its name from James Buck was . This Allen M. Sumner-class destroyer served from 1946 until 1973.

Medal of Honor citation
Citation:

Served on board the U.S.S. Brooklyn in the attack upon Forts Jackson and St. Philip and at the taking of New Orleans, 24 and 25 April 1862. Although severely wounded by a heavy splinter, Buck continued to perform his duty until positively ordered below. Later stealing back to his post, he steered the ship for 8 hours despite his critical condition. His bravery was typical of the type which resulted in the taking of the Forts Jackson and St. Philip and in the capture of New Orleans.

Related pages
List of American Civil War Medal of Honor recipients: A–F

Notes

References

1808 births
1865 deaths
United States Navy Medal of Honor recipients
People from Maryland
USS Buck (SP-1355)

The first USS Buck (SP-1355) was later renamed to USS SP-1355. It was a tender that served in the United States Navy from 1917 to 1918.
 
Buck was built as a civilian motorboat in 1911. On 24 August 1917, the U.S. Navy acquired her under a free lease from the Conservation Commission of Maryland. She was used during World War I. She was commissioned as USS Buck (SP-1355) on 13 September 1917. 

Assigned to the 5th Naval District, Buck served as a tender at Norfolk, Virginia, for the remainder of World War I. She was renamed USS SP-1355 in April 1918.

SP-1355 was decommissioned late in 1918. The Navy returned her to Consevration Commission of Maryland on either 24 September 1918 or 27 November 1918.

Notes

References

Department of the Navy Naval History and Heritage Command Online Library of Selected Images: U.S. Navy Ships: USS Buck (SP-1355), 1917-1918. Renamed SP-1355 in 1918 
NavSource Online: Section Patrol Craft Photo Archive: Buck (SP 1355)

Warships
Per "Dead" Ohlin

Per Yngve Ohlin (16 January 1969 – 8 April 1991) was a Swedish black metal musician best known for performing with the band Mayhem under the stage name Dead.

He was given the name "Dead" after a near-death experience when his spleen ruptured after being beat up by bullies and was clinically dead for a while. He became fascinated with death and dying afterwards and received his name.

He was also a founding member of the death metal band Morbid and performed with them on their December Moon demo.

He was described by Jan Axel "Hellhammer" Blomberg, the drummer for Mayhem, as being "a very strange personality ... depressed, melancholic, and dark" and guitarist Øystein 'Euronymous' Aarseth said "I honestly think Dead is mentally insane. Which other way can you describe a guy who does not eat, in order to get starving wounds? Or who has a T-shirt with funeral announcements on it?"

Death and aftermath
Dead's mental state began to take a turn for the worse due to his fascination with death and his social situation. Because of this, he would usually cut himself while performing on stage with either a broken bottle or a blade. Euronymous was fascinated with Dead's suicidal tendencies and would encourage Dead to kill himself often. Varg Vikernes sent shotgun shells to Dead in 1991. On 8 April 1991, In the house he shared with Euronymous, he slit his throat and wrists with a knife and then shot himself in the forehead with a shotgun. His suicide note said that he was sorry for shooting himself indoors and he ended the note with "Excuse all the blood". Euronymous returned home and had to climb through an open window because all the doors to the house were locked. He found Dead's body but before he called the police, he went to a nearby shop and bought a disposable camera which he used to photograph Dead's body after he moved around some of the items. He also kept some pieces of Dead's shattered skull. Hellhammer developed the pictures and Euronymous said that he would later destroy the pictures but he never did. He kept the pictures in an envelope at his record shop Helvete instead and sent one of the pictures to the owner of Warmaster Records which used the picture of Dead's body as the cover art for Mayhem's 1995 bootleg live album Dawn of the Black Hearts. The other band members were disgusted at Euronymous' actions before and after Dead's death and Bassist Necrobutcher decided that he wasn't going to be friends with him anymore.

He was ranked #48 out of 50 of The Greatest Metal Frontmen of All Time by Roadrunner Records.

References

Other websites
 

1969 births
1991 deaths
Heavy metal singers
Musicians who committed suicide
Musicians from Stockholm
Suicides by firearm
Singers from Stockholm
Jōkyō calendar

, also called Teikyō-reki, was a Japanese lunisolar calendar (genka reki).  It was used from 1684-1753.  It was made official in 1685.

History
The  Jōkyō-reki system was the work of Shibukawa Shunkai. He recognized that the length of the solar year is 365.2417 days.

Shirakawa discovered errors in the traditional Chinese calendar which had been in use for 800 years.   This older system was also known as the Semmyō calendar or 'Semmei-reki.  It was also known as the Xuanming'' calendar.

Related pages
 Japanese calendar
 Sexagenary cycle
 Jōkyō
 Hōryaku calendar
 Kansei calendar
 Tenpō calendar

References

Other websites
 National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar"

Calendars
Kansei calendar

was a Japanese lunisolar calendar (genka reki)..  It was published in 1797.

History
The  Kansei-reki system was the work of Takahashi Yoshitoki and Hazama Shigetomi.

Takahashi and Hazama used Western astronomy studies to modify the traditional calendar.

Related pages
 Japanese calendar
 Sexagenary cycle
 Kansei
 Jōkyō calendar
 Hōryaku calendar
 Tenpō calendar

References

Other websites
 National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar"

Calendars
Tenpō calendar

was a Japanese lunisolar calendar (genka reki..  It was published in the Tenpō era (183-1844).  It was in use in the late Edo period.

History
The  Tenpō-reki system was the work of Shibukawa Kagesuke.  This was the last traditional calendar system created by Japanese astronomers and mathematicians.

The Tenpō calendar was set aside when Japan adopted the Western calendar in 1872 (Meiji 5).

Related pages
 Japanese calendar
 Sexagenary cycle
 Tenpō
 Jōkyō calendar
 Kansei calendar
 Hōryaku calendar

References

Other websites
 National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar"

Calendars
Jessica Andrews

Jessica Danielle Andrews (born December 29, 1983) is an American singer. She performs country music. Her first record Heart Shaped World was released in 1999. On April 7, 2001, her first and only number one single "Who I Am" reached the #1 spot in the country charts. She was born near Huntingdon, Tennessee.

References

Singers from Tennessee
Country musicians from Tennessee
1983 births
Living people
Anna Wing

Anna Eva Lydia Catherine Wing, MBE (30 October 1914 - 7 July 2013) was an English actress. She is best known for playing Lou Beale on British television soap opera EastEnders.

Early life
Wing was born on 30 October 1914 in Hackney, East London, England.

Career
Wing is best known for playing the Lou Beale on EastEnders from the show's beginning in February 1985, until the character was killed off in July 1988.

In May 2005 Wing attended the British Soap Awards, where she presented June Brown with a lifetime achievement award for Brown's portrayal of Dot Branning in EastEnders. In 2005, Wing was part of the cast of the short movie Ex Memoria. She played Grandma in the 2007 movie Son of Rambow.

Later career
In 2009, when Wing was 94, she worked on a short movie called Numbers Up. The same year Wing was named Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) in the 2009 Birthday Honours for her services to drama and charity.

Personal life
Wing was married to Peter Davey from 1944 until they divorced in 1947. They had a son. After that, Philip O'Connor was her partner until his death in 1998. They had a son.

Death
Wing lived in London, England during her final years. Wing died on the morning of 7 July 2013 in Hackney, East London, England from natural causes, aged 98.

References

Other websites

Anna Wing, interview from The Walford Gazette 
Lou Beale, BBC character profile 
Ex Memoria (short film with Anna Wing) 

1914 births
2013 deaths
Deaths from natural causes
Actors from London
English movie actors
English radio actors
English stage actors
English television actors
English voice actors
Hōryaku calendar

was a Japanese lunisolar calendar (genka reki). It was also known as Horiki Kojutsu Gen-reki.  It was published in 1755.

History
The  Hōreki Kōjutsu Genreki system was the work of Abe Yasukuni, Shibukawa Kōkyō, and Nishiyama Seikyū. 

Errors in the calendar were corrected in 1798, and in 1844  In 1872, the Western calendar was adopted.

Related pages
 Japanese calendar
 Sexagenary cycle
 Hōreki
 Jōkyō calendar
 Kansei calendar
 Tenpō calendar

References

Other websites
 National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar"

Calendars
Mikhail Kalashnikov

Mikhail Timofeyevich Kalashnikov (10 November 1919 – 23 December 2013) was a Russian designer who is known for designing the AK-47, AKM, and AK-74 assault rifles when he served in the Soviet Army during World War II. He had the rank of lieutenant general.

Kalashnikov was born on 10 November 1919 in Kuriya, Altai Krai, Russian SFSR. He served in World War II and created many weapons and bombs including the AK-47 and a submachine gun. He was married to Ekaterina Kalashnikova. They had three children, one of them was gun designer Victor Kalashnikov. He lived in Izhevsk, Udmurtia. 

On 17 November, Kalashnikov was hospitalized in an Udmurtian medical hospital for gastric hemorrhage. He died on the morning of 23 December, 2013 from the illness, aged 94.

References

Other websites

M.T. Kalashnikov Museum and Exhibition Small Arms Complex
'I sleep soundly' - Interview with and article on Mikhail Kalashnikov at the age of 83, from The Guardian newspaper.
Mikhail Kalashnikov backs weapons control
BBC NEWS Profile: Mikhail Kalashnikov
Free illustrated virtual guided tour of the Museum of Mikhail Kalashnikov 

1919 births
2013 deaths
Disease-related deaths in Russia
Russian engineers
Russian inventors
Soviet generals
Soviet military personnel of World War II
Brenda Joyce

Brenda Joyce (February 25, 1917-July 4, 2009) was an American actress whose acting career was rather short, although memorable. She was in several movies, including Thumbs Up, The Rains Came and several Tarzan movies. 

Joyce was born in Missouri. She died in California as a result of pneumonia. She was 92.

References

American movie actors
Actors from Missouri
1917 births
2009 deaths
Inca Civil War

The Inca Civil War, the Inca Dynastic War, or the Inca War of Succession, was a civil war in the Inca Empire. It was fought between two brothers, Huáscar and Atahualpa, sons of Huayna Capac, over who would be the next emperor. The war came after Huayna Capac's death in 1527, and lasted from 1529 until 1532. When their father died, the empire was divided between the two brothers. Huáscar got most part of it, with the capital Cusco. Atahualpa got the northern parts, including Quito.

Huáscar started the war because he saw himself as the rightful heir to the kingdom. Atahualpa proved to be a better war tactician than his brother, and commanded a much bigger army. The empire was reunited under Atahualpa in 1532, but he was executed by the Spanish less than a year later.

It was partly because of this civil war that the Spanish conquistadors, under Francisco Pizarro, were successful.

References
Notes

Sources
Hemming, John. The Conquest of the Inca. New York, NY: Harcourt, Inc., 1970, 28-29.
MacQuarrie, Kim. The Last Days of the Inca. New York, NY: Simon & Schuster, 2007, 50.

Civil wars
Inca civilization
16th century in South America
1529
1530
1531
1532
2051

2051 (MMLI) will be .

Predicted and scheduled events 
 April – A METI message Cosmic Call 1 sent from the 70-meter Eupatoria Planetary Radar arrives at its destination, Gliese 777 star.
 June 1 – The Washington State Ferries time capsule will be opened, celebrating WSF's 100th Anniversary.

Date unknown 
 Over 1.7 million people in the United Kingdom will be suffering from dementia according to reports published in 2007 by the London School of Economics and Institute of Psychiatry.

In fiction 
 TimeSplitters: Future Perfect video game takes place in 2051 in one of the missions.
 Brenda Chenowith, a fictional character from the television show Six Feet Under, dies in her home at the age of 82.
 Dream Park novel takes place in March 2051

References 

 
Years in the future
The Lover

The Lover is a 1992 French erotic drama movie. It is based on the 1984 novel of the same name. It is set in 1929 in Vietnam and is about a relationship between a 15 year old French girl and a Chinese man twice her age. It was originally tagged NC-17 by the MPAA. However, the producers of The Lover appealed and the rating was changed to R. When this was released into theaters, it received mixed reaction. Audiences praised it. American critics, however, gave negative reviews of this drama.

Other websites 

1992 romance movies
1992 drama movies
1990s romantic drama movies
English-language movies
French drama movies
French romance movies
Movies based on books
Movies set in the 1920s
Vietnamese movies
Movies directed by Jean-Jacques Annaud
1992 independent movies
Rover (space exploration)

A rover is a vehicle that travels on the ground of a planet, moon, or other astronomical object.  Some rovers carry people that drive them. Most are robots that can drive themselves for short distances, but humans on Earth give them directions each day about where to go and what to do.   They are electric vehicles, either using solar power or nuclear power.

Examples

Moon
Lunokhod 1 was sent by the Soviet Union, Lunokhod 1 was the first remote-controlled vehicle sent off the Earth.
Apollo Lunar Roving Vehicle, also called a moon buggy, sent by NASA during the Apollo program, it was driven by astronauts.
Lunokhod 2 was sent to the Moon by the Soviet Union and arrived on the moon in January 1973 and lasted four months.
Yutu (Chang'e 3), sent in 2013, was the first Chinese moon landing.  It stopped moving 42 days after landing, but could perform other operations for nearly 2 more years. 
Yutu 2 (Chang'e 4) was sent in January 2019 by China and is still going.

Mars

The only rovers to successfully land on Mars were sent there by NASA. They have special equipment on arms for testing the soil, taking pictures and doing other planetary science.

Sojourner rover - The first Mars rover, this was a test vehicle to see if a solar vehicle would work on Mars. It landed on July 4th, 1997 and lasted nearly three months.
Spirit rover (MER-A) - Spirit and Opportunity were launched as a pair.  Spirit landed January 4, 2004 and lasted a little over six years.
Opportunity rover (MER-B) - Landed January 25, 2004 and lasted a little over fourteen years until it was stopped by a dust storm.
Curiosity rover - A nuclear-powered rover, landed August, 2012 and is still going.

References

Moon
Mars
NASA spacecraft
Camp Caves, Queensland

Camp Caves was a US Army training camp north of the city of Rockhampton, Queensland, Australia. It was built during World War Two. The army used the camp from September 1943 until early in 1944. It was one of several US training camps in the area including Camp Nerimbera, Camp Thompson’s Point, Camp Keppel Sands, Camp Yeppoon and Camp Wallaroo.

Camp Caves was the camp for the 24th Infantry Division. The division was also called the Hawaiian Division. It was called Camp Caves after the small town, The Caves, which was close to the campsite. The camp was along the side of the Bruce Highway. It included medical services, warehouses, ammunition dumps, landing strips, and a small arms firing range. Work on building the camp began in November 1942 but was soon stopped. It started again in July 1943. The camp was not used after March 1944.

References

Settlements in Queensland
United States Army
Locksmith

A locksmith is a person who works with locks, keys and security systems. Locksmithing is the profession of a locksmith.

Job description
Locksmiths fix broken locks, make keys, and install security systems like alarms.
In most countries locksmiths must follow a strict set of laws. In some countries locksmiths start as apprentices. In others, they must get a certificate or degree after training at a school or university.

Some countries such as the UK, there are no actual laws or rules as to who can become a locksmith, so many locksmiths choose to join a trade association to prove their proficiency and credentials.

Locksmiths commonly work with all types of locks. Other areas that locksmiths cover include auto locksmithing, safes, and access control. These areas are specialist and require specialized training

Tools
One of the most commonly used metals that locksmiths use to make keys in Europe is steel. Locksmiths in the US, Australia, and New Zealand would use brass as their main material.

Mortise locks, commonly found on older buildings, are comprised of a pocket that is cut into the door (or other piece of furniture) to which the lock will be fitted. These locks were used before the arrival of bored cylindrical locks.

Automotive locksmith
Automotive locksmith can help out with getting a new keys made for a car. They can also make duplicate keys and push-to-start key fobs. Usually automotive locksmiths are mobile, and they get to their customers by driving to them.

References 

Occupations
Locks
Peter Sutcliffe

Peter William Sutcliffe (2 June 1946 – 13 November 2020) was a British serial killer known as the Yorkshire Ripper. He was born in Bingley, West Riding of Yorkshire. In 1981, he was convicted of murdering thirteen women and attempting to murder seven others. He was diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia. He served a twenty sentences of life imprisonment in Broadmoor High Security Hospital.

Personal life
Sutcliffe married Sonia Szurma 10 August 1974. They lived together in Heaton, Bradford.

Sutcliffe died on 13 November 2020 while in prison in Durham from COVID-19, aged 74.

References 

1946 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom
English people convicted of murder
English prisoners
English serial killers
People convicted of attempted murder
People from Yorkshire
People with schizophrenia
Prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment
Kenneth Walker

Brigadier General Kenneth Newton Walker (17 July 1898 – 5 January 1943) was a United States Army aviator. He was also a United States Army Air Forces general who had a significant influence on the development of airpower doctrine. He posthumously received the Medal of Honor in World War II.

Walker joined the United States Army in 1917. It was after the American entry into World War I. He trained as an aviator and became a flying instructor. In 1920 and after the end of the war, he received a commission in the Regular Army. After service in various capacities he graduated from the Air Corps Tactical School in 1929. Then he served as an instructor there. He supported the creation of a separate air organization for strategic bombardment. He published articles on the subject and becoming part of a clique known as the "Bomber Mafia". They argued for bombers over other forms of military aviation.

Even after he was promoted to Brigadier General, Walker frequently flew combat missions over New Guinea. For this he received the Silver Star. On 5 January 1943, he was shot down and killed leading a daylight bombing raid over Rabaul. It was for this action he was awarded the Medal of Honor.

Legacy
In January 1948, Roswell Army Air Field in Roswell, New Mexico, was renamed Walker Air Force Base in honor of Walker. The base was closed on 30 June 1967. Walker Hall and its Walker Air Power Room are at Maxwell Air Force Base. They are also named after him. It is the home of the Air Force Doctrine Development and Education Center.  The Walker Papers is an Air Force Fellows program. It annually honors the top three research papers produced by Air Force Fellows with the Walker Series award. The Walker Series recognizes the contributions each Fellow has made to research supporting air and space power and its use in the implementation of US strategic policy.

Related pages
List of Medal of Honor recipients for World War II

Notes

References

 

 

1898 births
1943 deaths
American aviators
American people of World War II
Aviation deaths
Missing American people
People from New Mexico
United States Army Medal of Honor recipients
Purple Heart recipients
Kate Bosworth

Kate Bosworth (born January 2, 1983) is an American actress. She played Lois Lane in Superman Returns. She was born in Los Angeles and was raised in Connecticut.

References

Actors from Los Angeles
Actors from Connecticut
American movie actors
1983 births
Living people
Division of Banks

The Division of Banks is a Federal Electoral Division for the Australian House of Representatives in the state of New South Wales. It was set up in 1949. It is named for Sir Joseph Banks, the British scientist who accompanied James Cook on his voyage to Australia in 1770. 

The division of Banks is covers the south-western suburbs of Sydney. It includes Allawah, Blakehurst, Connells Point, Hurstville, Hurstville Grove, South Hurstville, Kyle Bay, Lugarno, Mortdale, Oatley, Padstow Heights, Peakhurst, Peakhurst Heights, and Penshurst, and parts of Bankstown, Beverly Hills, Carlton, Kingsgrove, Narwee, Padstow, Punchbowl, Revesby and Riverwood.

Members

Daryl Melham was the chairman of the ALP caucus from 2004 until 2012.

Election results
 2013 election results 
 2010 election results
 2007 election results
 2004 election results

References
Division of Banks - Australian Electoral Commission

Other websites
 Daryl Melham's website 

Banks
1949 establishments in Australia
New South Wales
Tia Carrere

Tia Carrere (born January 2, 1967) is an American movie and television performer. Her career was launched around 1985. She was born in Honolulu, Hawaii to Filipino parents. Her notable movies include the 1992 comedy Wayne's World. She began her career with the TV series Airwolf. Other television shows and movies followed. In 2006, she was a contestant on the show Dancing with the Stars.

Carrere was born in Honolulu, Hawaii.

References

Other websites 

American movie actors
American television actors
Dancing with the Stars participants
Actors from Honolulu
1967 births
Living people
Ferromagnetism

Ferromagnetism is a property of many materials like iron. They are magnets, so they are attracted to, or pulled towards other magnets. In physics, there are many different types of magnetism. Ferromagnetism is the strongest one. It is used every day in many technological objects, like television screens and credit cards.

Ferromagnets are materials that have some magnetization on their own. This means that at a temperature of absolute zero and without any magnetic field from other objects, they are still magnetic. The reason for this is that the electrons in a material have a spin. In ferromagnetic materials, the electrons like to have all the spins going one way, giving some magnetism. Usually, as the temperature is increased, the magnetization goes down. This is because the temperature causes the electrons in the material to move around a bit more. They do not have the spins perfectly going in the same way anymore. The point at which there is no magnetization anymore is called the Curie temperature. This changes with different materials.

Some materials that are ferromagnets are: iron, cobalt, nickel. Hematite is also ferromagnetic but only above a certain temperature.

Related pages 
Hysteresis

Magnetism