Thomas Jefferson

Thomas Jefferson (April 13, 1743 –  July 4, 1826) was the third president of the United States. He wrote the Declaration of Independence while others signed it and wrote the Statute of Religious Freedom.

He was also a planter with many slaves, though he freed several people in the Hemings family.

Early life 
Jefferson, the third of ten children, was born on April 13, 1743 in Shadwell, Virginia into a planter family. His parents were Peter and Jane Jefferson. He had six sisters and three brothers. At 9 years old, Thomas Jefferson began studying Latin, Greek, and French; he also learned to ride horses, with highest honors. He went on to become a lawyer.

In January 1772, Jefferson married Martha Wayles Skelton, with whom he had 6 children.

Political life 
Jefferson wanted the Thirteen Colonies to be free from Great Britain. Jefferson quickly assumed a leadership rule among like-minded men of his generation. He was a member of the Second Continental Congress.  He was chosen to be in the group of officials that wrote the Declaration of Independence and was its main writer.

He was minister to France from 1785–1789.

He was selected by George Washington as the first Secretary of State.  Jefferson thought that the federal government should be small.  He had the opposite view of Secretary of the Treasury Alexander Hamilton about the federal government. Together with James Madison in 1792, he founded a party to oppose Hamilton and the Federalist Party. This party was the Democratic-Republican Party. One fraction of the party became the modern-day Democratic Party.

Jefferson ran for president against John Adams.  He got the second highest number of votes and, as was the law at the time, became vice-president.

Presidency 
Jefferson ran again as the Democratic-Republican candidate in 1800 and won.  He was elected again in 1804.  Jefferson made the Louisiana Purchase, which doubled the size of the United States.

He sent the Lewis and Clark Expedition to explore the land the United States got by the Louisiana Purchase. Jefferson had to deal with the threat of war during his second term. Great Britain and France were at war for almost all of his time as president.  Each side did things that could have made the United States enter the war.  Jefferson worked hard to keep the United States out of the war and not be a part of it.

Jefferson passed the Embargo Act of 1807, which made it illegal for the United States to trade with other countries. This upheld his isolationist policy, or separation from the rest of the world.

Later years 

Jefferson started the University of Virginia.

At Monticello, Jefferson had several children with an enslaved woman named Sally Hemings.  When his oldest daughter's husband was disowned, she and her children came to live at Monticello too. 

When the British burned Washington D.C. during the War of 1812 many books in the Library of Congress were burned. Jefferson sold his own personal library to replace the lost books.

He died on July 4, 1826 from pneumonia complicated by uremia, on the 50th anniversary of the Declaration of Independence. John Adams died on the same day.

Monuments and museums
There is a Thomas Jefferson Memorial near the National Mall in Washington, D.C. Jefferson is one of the four presidents on Mount Rushmore in South Dakota.  Also, visitors can visit his home at the Monticello near Charlottesville, Virginia.

References

Other websites 

 Jefferson's White House biography 

1743 births
1826 deaths
American deists
Deaths from uremia
American revolutionaries
Businesspeople from Virginia
Deaths from pneumonia
Democratic Republican party (US) politicians
Founding Fathers of the United States
Governors of Virginia
Presidents of the United States
Signers of the U.S. Declaration of Independence
 
United States Secretaries of State
Vice Presidents of the United States
19th-century American politicians
18th-century American politicians