cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Cream Lemon

Cream Lemon is an anime series. It is a collection of short stories. There are many different types of stories in the anime, for example, soap opera (the Ami series), fantasy (Rall series), horror (Cream Lemon Dark) and parody (Pop Chaser). It deals with a lot of heavy perversions including S&M, men being raped by groups of women, bondage, torture, yuri and incest.

The first Cream Lemon OVA was released in August 1984. New Century Cream Lemon was released from July 27, 2001 to August 23, 2002. Cream Lemon New Generation was released from March 23, 2006 to May 31, 2006.

Project A-ko was originally intended to be a part of this series.

Anime
2001 anime OVAs
2006 anime OVAs
Vahan Tekeyan

Vahan Tekeyan (, January 21, 1878, Constantinople - April 4, 1948) was an Armenian poet, journalist, and public activist. He was educated in Armenian schools in Constantinople and moved to Egypt in 1914, escaping the Armenian Genocide.

1878 births
1948 deaths
Armenian poets
Pontic Greeks

Pontic Greeks, Pontian Greeks, Pontians or Greeks of Pontus (, ) can refer to Greeks specifically from the area of Pontus in the region of the former Empire of Trebizond on the Black Sea coast of Eastern Turkey, or in other cases more generally all Greeks from the shores of the Black Sea or the Pontus. Greeks from Trabzon traditionally speak Pontic Greek. The terms Pontic and Pontian can be used interchangeably.

Related pages 
 Pontic Greek genocide

Greece
Nynorsk

Nynorsk (New Norwegian) is one of the two official written standards of Norwegian; the other is Bokmål. It is based on Norwegian dialects and was created by Ivar Aasen during the 19th century as a Norwegian alternative to Danish upon which it is based. Danish was then often written in Norway.

Germanic languages
Languages of Norway
Austrian Armenian Cultural Society

The Austrian Armenian Cultural Society was founded in 1974 at Vienna, Austria, the Austrian-Armenian Cultural Society is an organization that promotes cultural ties between Armenia and Austria and a lot more. 

Its main goal is to introduce Austrians to the Armenian culture and heritage as well as informing Armenians about the Austrian culture and history. The Austrian-Armenian Cultural Society whose members are Armenians as well as Austrians, e.g. scientists, writers, artists, renowned leaders, and more. The organization is maintaining cultural ties to different organizations in Austria, Armenia and the diaspora. 

Among its many activities, it runs Armenian language lessons, useful programs to Armenia, youth camping events and way more.

Other websites 
Official Website

20th-century establishments in Armenia
1970s establishments in Austria
1974 establishments in Europe
Laredo, Texas

Laredo is a mid-sized city in southern Texas, United States established in the year 1755. Laredo has a population of 207,787. Hispanics make up 90% of the total population, and the city is largely Catholic. Laredo is a border city which is part of the bi-national metropolitan area of Laredo, Texas - Nuevo Laredo, Tamaulipas, Mexico with a total population of 575,585. The main sources of income for Laredo is international trade, followed by retail sales.

History
Laredo was founded by Don Tomas Sanchez under the name of Villa de San Agustin de Laredo in 1755 in a colony called Nuevo Santander in  New Spain. Today, most of Nuevo Santander is part of Texas.

References

Cities in Texas
County seats in Texas
1755 establishments
18th-century establishments in Mexico
German-Armenian Society

The German-Armenian Society was founded in Berlin in 1914. Apart from Johannes Lepsius, its original members included the journalist Paul Rohrbach and the Armenian author Avetik Issahakyan.

The goals of DAG are the promotion and understanding between Germans and Armenians and to safeguard the likings of Armenians living in Germany. Furthermore, the DAG defends the rights and interests of Armenian minorities, including in Turkey and other Middle Eastern countries.

Other websites 
 Official website

Armenia
Germany
Europe
1914 establishments in Europe
1910s establishments in Germany
Asbarez

Asbarez Newspaper began its publication in August 1908 in Fresno as a weekly. After several successful decades the offices and publishing headquarters moved to Los Angeles in the early 1970s. Today it is still active.

Asbarez is the official publisher of the Armenian Revolutionary Federation Western United States Central Committee, and mainly serves the more than 500,000 strong Armenian-American community in the Western states.

On May 1, 1970 when Asbarez began publishing its English section. Today, that section, which became a daily publication in January 1993, is the voice of the community and a source of information within the halls of Congress, in libraries around the country and newsrooms of major media outlets.

Newspapers in California
Companies based in Los Angeles
1908 establishments in California
Fresno, California
Nuevo Laredo

Nuevo Laredo, Tamaulipas is a mid-sized city in northern Tamaulipas, Mexico established in the year 1847. Nuevo Laredo has a population of 355,827. Nuevo Laredo is a border city which is part of the bi-national metropolitan area of Laredo, Texas, United States - Nuevo Laredo, Tamaulipas, Mexico with a total population of 575,585. The main sources of income for Nuevo Laredo is international trade, followed by retail sales.

History
Laredo, Texas was founded by Don Tomas Sanchez under the name of Villa de San Agustin de Laredo in 1755 in a colony called Nuevo Santander in  New Spain. Today, most of Nuevo Santander is part of Texas. Laredo was named after a village in Spain also called Laredo in Cantabria. In 1847, when Texas became part of the United States, 17 families decided to remain Mexican and crossed the Rio Grande into Mexico and established Ciudad Nuevo Laredo.

Cities in Mexico
Tamaulipas
1847 establishments in North America
19th-century establishments in Mexico
United States military chocolate

Military chocolate has been a part of U.S. armed forces rations since 1937, and is issued to troops as part of basic field rations and sundry packs. Chocolate rations served two purposes: as a morale boost, and as a high-energy, pocket-sized emergency ration.

Other websites
 Hershey Archives — Ration D Bar
 Hershey Archives — Tropical Bar History

American food
Military of the United States
1937 establishments in the United States
Marion Bartoli

Marion Bartoli (born 2 October 1984) is a French retired female professional tennis player.

Her highest ranking was 7th in the world in singles and 15th in doubles. She won seven Women's Tennis Association tournaments in singles and three in doubles. She was known for playing two-handed shots on both forehand and backhand, which is unusual.

In 2007, she played in the Wimbledon final against Venus Williams, after winning against the World Number 1 Justine Henin in the semi-finals. It was considered one of the biggest shocks in Wimbledon history. Bartoli lost against Williams in the final, finishing as runner-up. Bartoli won the Wimbledon singles in 2013.

Bartoli retired in August 2013 due to pain from injuries. She lives in Geneva in Switzerland.

Grand Slam record

Sources

Other websites
Bartoli in the Wimbledon final

1984 births
French female tennis players
Living people
Sportspeople from Geneva
Wimbledon champions
Bandana

A bandana is a triangular or square piece of cloth tied around the head, face or neck. It can be used for protection or decoration. It was made by Middle eastern and south Asians in the city Kashmir. They were wearing it as a symbol of love between the Middle East and South Asia.

References

Accessories
Headgear
Roger Federer

Roger Federer (born 8 August 1981, Basel) is a professional Swiss tennis player. 

Federer has spent 310 weeks at the top spot in the world ranking, the second-most behind Novak Djokovic. He holds the record for most weeks at the top spot in a row, with 237 weeks. Many experts believe that Federer is the greatest tennis player of all time. He has won 20 Grand Slam singles titles: six at the Australian Open (2004, 2006, 2007, 2010, 2017 and 2018), one at the French Open (2009), eight at Wimbledon (2003 to 2007, 2009, 2012 and 2017) and five at the U.S. Open (2004 to 2008). In 2007, he equalled the record for the most titles in a row (five) at Wimbledon set by Björn Borg. He won a gold medal at the 2008 Summer Olympics and a silver medal at the 2012 Summer Olympics.

He was named the Laureus World Sportsman of the Year for a record four years in a row (2005–2008), and again in 2018.

Federer's first language is Swiss-German and he speaks English, German and French very well. He also speaks some Swedish and Italian. His wife is former tennis player Mirka Vavrinec. After Wimbledon 2009, he became a father of twin girls who were named Charlene Riva and Myla Rose.
In May 2014 he became a father again, to twin boys named Leo and Lenny.

Grand Slam record 
This table shows Federer's performance in each Grand Slam tournament in singles competition.

References

1981 births
Living people
Australian Open champions
French Open champions
Male tennis players
Medalists at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 2012 Summer Olympics
Olympic gold medalists
Olympic silver medalists
Sportspeople from Basel
Swiss Olympic medalists
Swiss tennis players
US Open (tennis) champions
Wimbledon champions
World No. 1 tennis players
Noisettes

The Noisettes are a band from England. They mostly play rock and alternative rock.  With Shingai Shoniwa singing and playing bass guitar guitar, Dan Smith playing guitar, and Jamie Morrison who drums.

They released their first EP Three Moods of the Noisettes in April of 2005 on the independent record label Side Salad Records which led to signing internationally with Universal Music Group, who released the EP in the US on the Low Altitude imprint.

Noisettes have performed in Europe and the United States with bands such as TV on the Radio, Tom Vek, Babyshambles, Bloc Party and the Mystery Jets, and Muse. In 2007 the band released their first album What's the Time Mr. Wolf?.

Discography

CDs
 What's the Time Mr. Wolf? (5th February 2007) UK #75, (April 17th 2007 in the U.S)
 Three Moods of the Noisettes (11th April 2005)
 What's The Time Mini-Wolf? (26th December 2006) - Digital download exclusive to iTunes
 Wild Young Hearts  (April 20, 2009), UK #7
 Contact (2012)

Singles
 "IWE" (30th January 2006)
 "Scratch Your Name" (12th June 2006) Re-release May 7th 2007.
 "Don't Give Up" (20th November 2006) UK #73
 "Sister Rosetta (Capture The Spirit)" (29th January 2007) UK #63
 "The Count of Monte Christo" (September 3, 2007)
 "Wild Young Hearts" (December 29, 2008)
 "Don't Upset The Rhythm" (March 23, 2009) UK #2
 "Never Forget You[ (June 15, 2009)

Videos
 "IWE" (March 2006)
 "Don't Give Up"(March 2006)
 "Sister Rosetta (Capture The Spirit)" (March 2007)
 "Scratch Your Name" (May 2007)
 "The Count of Monte Christo" (August 2007)
 "Wild Young Hearts" (December 2008)
 "Don't Upset the Rhythm (Go Baby Go)" (January 2009)
"Never Forget You" (May 2009)

Other websites 

 Official Noisettes Site
 Official Noisettes Site (Non-flash)
 Noisettes videos 
 Noisettes Last.fm Page

English rock bands
English punk bands
Indie rock bands
Funk bands
Soul bands
Musical groups from London
Rafael Nadal

Rafael Nadal Parera (born 3 June 1986 in Manacor, Majorca, Spain) is a Spanish professional tennis player who has won a record 20 Grand Slam singles titles; thirteen at the French Open, four at the US Open, two at Wimbledon and two at the Australian Open. He has been ranked number one in the world for 209 weeks. He plays very well on clay courts, and many people regard Nadal as the greatest clay-court tennis player in history. He plays tennis with his left hand.

Nadal has won 36 ATP Masters Series titles and the 2008 Olympic gold medal in singles. He is a part of the Spain Davis Cup team and has won the cup four times, in 2004, 2008, 2009, and 2011.

Nadal is often known simply as Rafa. He has rivalries against Roger Federer, Novak Djokovic and Andy Murray. Nadal is agnostic.

Grand slams (Participation and victories) 
This table shows Nadal's performance in each Grand Slam tournament in singles.

References 

1986 births
Living people
Agnostics
Australian Open champions
Balearic Islands
French Open champions
Male tennis players
Medalists at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 2016 Summer Olympics
Olympic gold medalists
Spanish Olympic medalists
US Open (tennis) champions
Wimbledon champions
World No. 1 tennis players
Justine Henin

Justine Henin (born June 1, 1982 in Liège) is a Belgian former professional tennis player and a World Number 1. She won seven Grand Slam singles titles, including four (and three in a row) at the French Open. She is two-time runner up at Wimbledon but never won the title. Her mental toughness and her one-handed backhand are recognized by great tennis players. One of the greatest tennis player of all time, Billie Jean King has said that Justine is the best player of her generation. She was known as Justine Henin-Hardenne for a while, until she separated from her husband in 2007 and went back to her maiden name of Justine Henin. She retired in 2008 but announced her comeback on 22 September after seeing the success of her compatriot Kim Clijsters.

Related pages
 List of WTA number 1 ranked players

1982 births
Belgian sportspeople
Female tennis players
French Open champions
Living people
Medalists at the 2004 Summer Olympics
People from Liège
US Open (tennis) champions
World No. 1 tennis players
Carla Garapedian

Carla Garapedian () (born 27 February 1961) is an American movie director. She was the anchor of BBC World News. 

Movies directed by Garapedian include:
 Children of the Secret State (2000), about North Korea
 Lifting the Veil (2002), an Emmy award-winning movie about women in Afghanistan
 Screamers (2007), about genocide

1961 births
Living people
American movie directors
Massacres of Erzurum

The Massacres of Erzerum. Turkish soldiers took an active part in the massacres in Erzeroum. The soldiers began a massacre of the Armenians and the Turkish populace joined in the attack. The shops and houses of the Armenians were pillaged.

British consul 
Following the massacres of Erzeroum of October 30, 1895, a British consul put the hand on two letters sent to his brother and to his parents by a Turkish soldier:

"My brother, if you want news from here, we killed 1 200 Armenians, all tiny rooms in pâtée for dog [... ] Mother, I am healthy and except. Father, twenty days ago, we carried out the war against the Armenian incrédules. By the grace of God, no misfortune arrived to us. The rumour says that our battalion will be dispatched in your part of the world - if it is the case, we will kill all the Armenians there. Other share, 511 Armenians were wounded, and it perishes about it one or two each day. If you want news of the soldiers and bachi bouzouks, not only one did not bleed of the nose [... ] That God blesses you."

Related pages
Armenian Genocide
Hamidian massacres
Massacres in Harput District

References

Publications
THE DESTITUTION AT ERZEROUM.; Review of the Massacre and Plunder Worse than Sassoun's, New York Times, December 6, 1895
Erzeroum Massacres,  Harpers Weekly, December 14, 1895

Other websites 
Massacres of Erzerum 
The Vilayet of Erzeroum

Massacres in Turkey
Armenian Genocide
Lake Kari

Lake Kari () is a lake in Armenia, in the slopes of Mount Aragats. It is mostly formed by ice and snow.

Other websites

Lakes of Asia
Geography of Armenia
Mount Aragats

Mount Aragats () is the highest point in Armenia. It is in the province of Aragatsotn, northwest from Yerevan. It is a standalone extinct stratovolcano with four main peaks forming the rim of the crater. It is a popular destination for local alpinists.

Related pages
Lake Kari

Other websites 
Mount Aragats at ArmeniaPedia.org

Mountains of Asia
Geography of Armenia
Crystle Stewart

Crystle Danae Stewart (born September 20, 1981) is a beauty queen from Houston, Texas. She won the Miss USA beauty contest in 2008.

Stewart graduated from the University of Houston in 2007. She won the Miss Texas USA 2008 title in a state pageant held in Laredo, Texas on July 1, 2007.  She competed against 121 other contestants. She is the second African American to win the crown at Miss Texas USA. Chelsi Smith was crowned Miss Texas USA 1995.  Smith later became Miss USA and Miss Universe.

Stewart became the ninth Texan to win the Miss USA title.

Stewart hosted the Miss Teen USA 2009 competition on July 31, 2009 with Seth Goldman. Goldman and Stewart again hosted the Miss Teen USA pageant on July 24, 2010. Stewart hosted the 2011 Miss Texas USA contest with Jason Feinberg.

References

Other websites
Miss Texas USA official website
Crystle Stewart 

Beauty pageant winners
People from Houston, Texas
1981 births
Living people
Miss USA
White Pines Forest State Park

White Pines Forest State Park, also known as White Pines State Park, is an Illinois state park in Ogle County, Illinois.

Illinois
State parks in the United States
George Stainforth

Wing Commander George Hedley Stainforth AFC RAF (1899 - 27 September 1942) was a British Royal Air Force pilot. He was the first man in the world to exceed 400 miles per hour in an aircraft.

British military people
British aviators
1899 births
1942 deaths
Ion Heliade Rădulescu

Ion Heliade Rădulescu or Ion Heliade (also known as Eliad or Eliade Rădulescu January 6, 1802 – April 27, 1872) was a Wallachian-born Romanian academic, Romantic and Classicist poet, essayist, short story writer, newspaper editor and politician.

Related pages
 List of Romanian social scientists

Other websites 
 The Humanities and The Social Sciences in The Academy. Literature, Folklore and the Arts, at the Romanian Academy site

1802 births
1872 deaths
Romanian writers
Romanian journalists
Poets
Romanian social scientists
19th-century philosophers
Romanian politicians
Chosroid Dynasty

The Chosroids (Khosro[v]iani, Georgian: ხოსრო[ვ]იანი) were a dynasty of the kings and later of the ruling princes of the early Georgian state of Iberia, natively known as Kartli, from the fourth to the ninth centuries. Presumably of Iranian origin and a branch of the Mihranid House, the family accepted Christianity as their official religion around the year 337, and maneuvered between the Byzantine Empire and Sassanid, Iran to retain a degree of independence.

Related pages
Guaramid Dynasty

Georgian people
Royal dynasties
Guaramid Dynasty

The Guaramid Dynasty was the younger branch of the Chosroid royal house of Iberia (Kartli, eastern Georgia).

Georgian people
Royal dynasties
George II of Imereti

George II (; died in 1585), of the Bagrationi Dynasty, was a king of Imereti from 1565 to 1585.

1585 deaths
Georgian people
Year of birth unknown
Kings and queens
Bagrat III of Imereti

Bagrat III () (September 23, 1495 – 1565), of the Bagrationi Dynasty, was a king of Imereti from April 1, 1510 to 1565.

Kings and queens
1495 births
1565 deaths
1982 Glasgow Hillhead by-election

A Glasgow Hillhead by-election was held on 25 March 1982. The by-election was caused by the death of the Conservative Party Member of Parliament for Glasgow Hillhead Tam Galbraith on 2 January 1982.

1982 in the United Kingdom
1982 elections
1980s elections in the United Kingdom
Politics of Scotland
1980s in Scotland
March events
Solaris

Solaris is an operating system created by Sun Microsystems in 1992. It was created to run on their workstations (but it can be used on most modern PCs) and is still developed today. It used to be called SunOS until it was renamed to Solaris in 1992. As of 2010, it is one of the main commercial UNIX variants (The others are HP-UX, AIX, and z/OS). Solaris is ultimately based on UNIX System V. With version 10, released in 2009, most parts of it were made Open Source, and released as OpenSolaris. Solaris 10 runs on SPARC processors, as well as the 32-bit and 64-bit Intel and AMD processors. Oracle Corporation acquired Sun Microsystems in January 2010. Oracle continued developing Solaris, but it stopped developing OpenSolaris. OpenSolaris was later forked into the illumos kernel and the OpenIndiana distribution.

It is mostly used in advanced servers like the ones that run the Internet, on some workstations, and for programming in languages like Java, having advanced features for programmers.

References

Other websites 
 Solaris Operating System
 OpenIndiana (a fork of OpenSolaris)

Operating systems
Unix
Sun Microsystems
Oracle Corporation
Puja Gupta

Puja Gupta (born 30 junuary 1984 in Kozhikode, Kerala, India) was the winner of Miss India Universe in 2007. She represented India in Miss Universe 2007 and placed in the top ten. Puja Gupta wants to be a writer and her hobbies are yoga, writing, horse riding and drawing.

Beauty pageant winners
1984 births
Living people
Indian models
Charles A. Johns

Charles A. Johns (June 25, 1857 – January 11, 1932) was an American lawyer, jurist and politician. He served as the 47th Associate Justice of the Oregon Supreme Court.

References

1857 births
1932 deaths
Lawyers from Oregon
Politicians from Oregon
Saved!

Saved! is a 2004 American teen comedy movie. It is a religious satire. It is set in Maryland. The movie stars Jena Malone, Macaulay Culkin, and Mandy Moore.

Other websites

2004 movies
2000s LGBT movies
2000s teen comedy movies
American LGBT movies
American teen comedy movies
Movies set in Maryland
Gibraltar Chronicle

The Gibraltar Chronicle is a newspaper published daily in Gibraltar since 1801. It is not only the oldest newspaper in Gibraltar, but also the second oldest English newspaper in the world.

References

Footnotes

Other websites 
The Gibraltar Chronicle official website

English-language newspapers
Gibraltar
1801 establishments
Alan Johnston

Alan Graham Johnston (born May 17, 1962) is a British journalist working for the BBC. On March 12, 2007, he was taken by a group of armed men in Gaza. He was kept as a hostage until he was let free on July 4.

British journalists
1962 births
Living people
BBC Television Centre

BBC Television Centre (sometimes abbreviated TVC or TC) in White City, London is home to much of the BBC's television output. Since 1998, almost all of the corporation's national TV and radio news by BBC News is made there too.

References 

BBC
Law enforcement in Cuba

Law enforcement in Cuba is the responsibility of the National Revolutionary Police Force (Spanish: Policía Nacional Revolucionaria, PNR) under the administration of the Cuban Ministry of the Interior.

Cuba
Cuba
Battle of Damascus

The Battle of Damascus (18 June - 21 June 1941) was the final action of the Allied advance on Damascus in Syria during the Syria-Lebanon campaign in World War II.

Damascus
Damascus
1941
20th century in Syria
Laurence Mancuso

Laurence Mancuso (born June 30, 1934 - died June 10, 2007) was the founding abbot of the New Skete Eastern Orthodox monastic community in upstate New York.

1934 births
2007 deaths
American Eastern Orthodox Christians
Christian religious leaders
Monks
People from New York
Joseph Jukes

Joseph Beete Jukes (1811-1869) was a famous English geologist. He wrote of several geological manuals, and served as a naturalist on the trips of the ship H.M.S Fly. He was  born to John and Sophia Jukes in Birmingham, England

1811 births
1869 deaths
English geologists
People from Birmingham
Second Severn Crossing

The Second Severn Crossing () is a bridge over the River Severn between South Gloucestershire in England and Monmouthshire in Wales. 

The bridge carrie 6 lanes of M4 motorway and is one of the main routes into South Wales. It was opened on 5 June 1996 to allow more traffic than the original Severn Bridge, which opened in 1966. Both bridges are still in use although the newer crossing is more direct and less likely to be closed in strong winds. 

1996 establishments in the United Kingdom
Bridges in England
Bridges in Wales
Concrete bridges
Gloucestershire
Monmouthshire
Steel bridges
Spitz (band)

Spitz is a Japanese rock band that set up in 1987. Masamune Kusano is a vocalist and plays the guitar, too. Tetsuya Miwa plays the guitar. Akihiro Tamura plays the bass. Tatsuo Sakiyama plays the drums. Their songs, especially "Robinson", "Cherry" and "Soramotoberuhazu,"are very popular.

Other websites
SPITZ OFFICIAL WEB SITE 
Spitz OFFICIAL CHANNEL

Japanese rock bands
Yakima, Washington

Yakima is a city in the state of Washington.

References

Other websites
Official City of Yakima website 

Cities in Washington (U.S. state)
County seats in Washington
Yakima County, Washington
Sprite

Sprite is a lemon-lime soda, similar to 7 UP and Sierra Mist. It is made by the Coca-Cola Company. It has no caffeine. In 2009, its logo was changed.

Variants
There are many variants of Sprite. The two popular Sprite variants are:
 Sprite, lemon-lime carbonated drink with no caffeine
 Sprite Zero, the no calorie and no sugar added version of Sprite

Soft drinks
University of Washington

The University of Washington (UW) is the main state university of the U.S. state of Washington. There are over 40,000 students. It is in Seattle, Washington. The University of Washington's sports teams (the Huskies) are part of the Pacific-12 Conference of the National Collegiate Athletic Association.

Every year UW has a rivalry game with Washington State University. This game is called the Apple Cup in which the two football teams play each other. As of the year 2010 the University of Washington has won 66 Apple Cups and Washington State University only has 31. The longest consecutive wins of the Apple Cup belongs to U.W. with 8 consecutive wins, with Washington State at 2 consecutive wins.

Washington
Colleges and universities in Washington
Washington
Buildings and structures in Seattle, Washington
1861 establishments in the United States
The Hershey Company

The Hershey Company (), until April 2005 Hershey Foods Corporation, commonly called Hershey's, is America's largest chocolate company. Its main office is in Hershey, Pennsylvania, a town that smells strongly of cocoa on some days, and home to Hershey's Chocolate World. The company was founded by Milton S. Hershey in 1894 as the Hershey Chocolate Company. Hershey's candies and other products are sold around the world.

References 
 

American food companies
Companies based in Pennsylvania
1894 establishments in the United States
Screamers (2006 movie)

Screamers is a 2006 documentary by director Carla Garapedian.

Other websites
Official Site 
 Movie Trailer  at Google Video
 Movie Clips 

American documentary movies
2006 movies
Multilingual movies
Ross Bagdasarian

Ross Bagdasarian (January 27, 1919 – January 16, 1972) was an American pianist, songwriter, actor, and record producer of Armenian descent. He was born in Fresno, California. During his professional life he was better known by the stage name David Seville, which he used on his recordings featuring Alvin and the Chipmunks.

References

1919 births
1972 deaths
American pianists
American voice actors
People from Fresno, California
Singer-songwriters from California
Actors from Fresno County, California
Musicians from California
American record labels
American television actors
American movie actors
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Cardiovascular disease deaths in Los Angeles County, California
Grammy Award winners
Shawn Michaels

Michael Shawn Hickenbottom (born May 31, 1966), better known by the ring name Shawn Michaels, is an American television presenter, actor, and retired  professional wrestler, he has been given the nickname of "The Heartbreak Kid" (sometimes referred to as HBK). He used to performs on the Raw brand of World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE). Michaels retired from wrestling after a loss to The Undertaker. He is a 2011 inductee in to the WWE Hall of Fame.

Michaels is one of the two wrestlers that performed on the very first episode of WWF Monday Night RAW that is still part of the company, the other being The Undertaker.

References

Other websites
Official website 
WWE profile

1965 births
American Christians
American professional wrestlers
American television actors
Former WWE wrestlers
Living people
Actors from San Antonio, Texas
Sportspeople from Arizona
Sportspeople from San Antonio, Texas
WWE Hall of Fame
Denali

Denali, also formerly known as Mount McKinley, is the highest mountain peak in both the United States and North America. It is exactly 20,310 feet (6,190.5 m) high. It is in the highest part of the Alaska Range. Denali means "the high one" in the Athabaskan language.

Location 
Denali is in the middle of the Alaska Range. It is about 130 miles (209 km) north-northwest of Anchorage and 155 miles (249 km) southwest of Fairbanks. The summit is about 35 miles (56 km) from the nearest major road, the George Parks Highway.

References 

Mountains of the United States
Geography of Alaska
Dune

In physical geography, a dune is a hill of sand, usually deposited by eolian processes (wind) or sometimes by the flow of water. Dunes occur, for example, in some deserts and beaches. Sand dunes have different forms and sizes based on their interaction with the wind. Sometimes they migrate downwind. A "dune field" is an area covered by many sand dunes.

 

Landforms
Detective

A detective is a person who investigates crime. Most detectives are police officers. Some are hired by a private person or company, for example to stop theft. Those are called private investigators. There are many stories about detectives. Some famous fictional (not real) detectives are Sherlock Holmes, Inspector Clouseau, Nancy Drew, The Hardy Boys.

Detectives will search public and private databases, investigate people and examine evidence in order to solve the case.

Other websites 
 Detective -Citizendium

Law enforcement occupations
Criminal investigation
Kieran Richardson

Kieran Richardson (born 21 October 1984) is an English football player. He plays for Sunderland, a team in the Premier League in England.

Club career statistics

|-
|2002/03||rowspan="3"|Manchester United||rowspan="3"|Premier League||2||0
|-
|2003/04||0||0
|-
|2004/05||2||0
|-
|2004/05||West Bromwich Albion||Premier League||12||3
|-
|2005/06||rowspan="2"|Manchester United||rowspan="2"|Premier League||22||1
|-
|2006/07||15||1
|-
|2007/08||rowspan="3"|Sunderland||rowspan="3"|Premier League||17||3
|-
|2008/09||32||4
|-
|2009/10||||
102||12
102||12
|}

International career statistics

|-
|2005||4||2
|-
|2006||4||0
|-
!Total||8||2
|}

References

1984 births
Living people
English footballers
Sportspeople from London
Premier League players
Juan Pablo Montoya

Juan Pablo Montoya (born September 20, 1975 in Bogotá, Colombia) is an IndyCar Series racecar driver. He used to race in NASCAR and Formula 1. His wife is Connie and he has a son and a daughter. He was  a CART champion winning the Indianapolis 500., his first win in NASCAR came in 2007 and the second in 2010 for Chip Ganassi's racing team. Before 2007, he was in Formula One from 2000 to 2006 winning at 7 Grand Prix's one of them in Monte Carlo, Monaco.  While in NASCAR, he drove for Earnhardt Ganassi Racing (his old CART Team), and his teammate was Jamie McMurray. He left Ganassi and NASCAR in 2014 to race IndyCars for Penske Racing. In 2014, he won his first race since leaving NASCAR when he won a race at Pocono Raceway.

Weblinks
http://www.nascar.com/drivers/dps/jmontoya00/cup/ Official Website NASCAR Website Juan Pablo Montoya
http://www.jpmontoya.com/2011/ Juan Pablo Montoya Official Personal Website

1975 births
Living people
People from Bogotá
Colombian sportspeople
NASCAR drivers
Formula One drivers
Riyo Mori

Riyo Mori (born 24 December 1986 in Aoi-ku, Shizuoka, Japan) is a pageant titleholder best known for crowning Dayana Mendoza as Miss Universe 2008. 

She also won the Miss Universe 2007 title in May 2007. She was the second woman from Japan to hold the title. (The first Miss Universe winner from Japan was Akiko Kojima in 1959.) Mori is the eleventh Asian woman to win the pageant.

Crowning Dayana Mendoza 
In 2008, Mori received the grand honour of crowning Dayana Mendoza of Venezuela as Miss Universe 2008. 

Miss Universe winners
1986 births
Living people
People from Shizuoka Prefecture
Eolian processes

Eolian (or aeolian or æolian) is an event that occurs in nature. It is related to the winds and its ability to modify the surface of the Earth and other planets.

Winds cause erosion, and move sand and other materials. Wind is powerful in dry regions with sparse vegetation, such as deserts.  Although water is, generally speaking, a much more powerful eroding force than wind, aeolian processes are primary in deserts.

Sand dust from the Sahara gets all over Europe, and even as far as the Amazon basin. Winds and global air movements are what causes this widespread travel of materials from the ground.

Related pages 
 Dune

References 

Winds
Erosion
Landforms
American Girl

The American Girl series is a series of books and accompanying dolls about fictional girls who live in different time periods in America's history. The American Girl series was first created by The Pleasant Company in 1986, founded by Pleasant T. Rowland. Today, the dolls and books are made by Mattel, a large toy company. Each doll has her own line of accessories that includes a series of books about her life, furniture, clothing, pets, and things that she would use or play with. For some dolls, a doll of her best friend is included in the collection. Four of the dolls have had movies made about their stories.

Current Historical Dolls

Kaya (1760s)
Maryellen  (1950s)
Josefina (1820s)                                                                                              
Addy (1860s)
Kit (1930s)
Julie (1970s)
Rebecca (1910s)
 Samantha (BeForever) (1900s)
 Melody  (1960s)

'Retired' dolls
There have also been some dolls who have been "retired":

Felicity (1770s)
Kirsten (1850s)
Samantha (1900s), however Samantha was re-released in 2014 as part of American Girl's BeForever Collection 
Molly & Emily (1940s)
 Cécile & Marie-Grace (1850s)
 Caroline (1810s)

Girl of the Year
There is also another line of dolls called "Girl of the Year," (called "American Girl of Today" before 2006). Each girl stars in her two book (one book before 2007) series. Their stories take place in modern times in the year they are released. The line was made starting in 2001. However, there wasn't a Girl of the Year in 2002 and 2004 due to low sales of Lindsey. These are the Girls of the Year:

 Lindsey Bergman (2001) 

Kailey Hopkins (2003)

Marisol Luna (2005)

Jess McConnell (2006)

Nicki Fleming (2007)

Mia St. Clair (2008)

Chrissa Maxwell (2009) (released along with her friends Gwen Thompson and Sonali Matthews)

Lanie Holland (2010)

Kanani Akina (2011)

McKenna Brooks (2012)

Saige Copeland (2013)

Isabelle Palmer (2014)

Grace Thomas (2015)

Lea Clark (2016)
Gabriela McBride (2017)
Luciana Vega (2018)

Other websites
Official American Girl web site
Society of American Girl Collectors
Archived Article about the uniqueness of the American Girls Doll. 
On-Set Pictures : ''Molly: An American Girl Victory
Kit's Movie Headed For Theatres

Series of books
Children's books
Dolls
Hot spring

A hot spring is a spring produced by the emergence of geothermally heated groundwater from the Earth's crust.  Hot springs are in many places, especially in mountains.

Definitions 

There is no universally accepted definition of a hot spring. For example, one can find the phrase hot spring defined as 
 any geothermal spring 
 a spring with water temperatures above its surroundings 
 a spring with water temperatures above  
 a natural spring with water temperature above body temperature – normally between  
 a natural spring of water greater than  (synonymous with thermal spring) 
 a natural discharge of groundwater with elevated temperatures

Sources of heat 
The water issuing from a hot spring is heated by geothermal energy, i.e., heat from the Earth's mantle.

Related pages 
Geyser
Hydrothermal vent

References 

Geology
Sergei Parajanov

Sergei Parajanov ( Sargis Hovsepi Parajanyan;  Sergej Iosifovich Paradzhanov; also spelled Paradzhanov or Paradjanov), (January 9, 1924 – July 20 1990), is considered by many to be one of the most original and critically-acclaimed filmmakers of the 20th century. His work reflected the ethnic diversity of the Caucasus where he was raised.

Early life 
He was born to Armenian parents Iosif Paradjanyan and Siranush Bejanyan, in Tbilisi, Georgia. In 1945, Parajanov traveled to Moscow, enrolled in the directing department at VGIK, one of the oldest and highly respected film schools of Europe, and studied under the tutelage of directors Igor Savchenko and Aleksandr Dovzhenko.

Personal life 
In 1950 Parajanov married his first wife, Nigyar Kerimova in Moscow. She came from a Muslim Tatar family and converted to Eastern Orthodox Christianity to marry Parajanov, to terrible consequences: she was later murdered by her relatives in retaliation for her conversion. As a result of this tragic event Parajanov moved to Kyiv. There he produced several documentaries (Dumka, Golden Hands, 
Natalia Uzhvy) and a handful of narrative films based on Ukrainian and Moldovan folktales, such as Andriesh, Ukrainian Rhapsody, and Flower on the Stone. He became fluent in Ukrainian, remarried (Svetlana Ivanovna Sherbatiuk in 1956) and had a son (Suren, 1958).

Filmography

1967: Sayat Nova
1984: SURAMI BERD
1986: ASHUGH GHARIB

1924 births
1990 deaths
Movie directors from Georgia (country)
Armenian movie directors
Artavazd Peleshyan

Artavazd Peleshyan (born November 22, 1938) is an Armenian movie director. He makes documentaries.

Peleshyan is also the author of many books, such as his 1988 book Moyo kino (My Cinema).

Peleshyan's work has not been recognized by world cinema until after the fall of the Soviet Union. Since then, he has been able to make two more short films, Life (1993) and The End (1994). He is now living in Moscow and suffering from a severe mental illness.

Films directed 
 My I Nashi Gory - 1969

1938 births
Living people
Armenian movie directors
Armenian writers
Dress

A dress is one of the basic styles of female clothing. It is a garment of a skirt (bottom half) with an attached bodice (top half). The colouring and style of the dress gives the effect of a one-piece garment. A dress is also known as a frock or a gown. In Europe and the Americas, dresses are worn by females of all ages as an alternative to a separate skirt and blouse or trousers.

There are many types of dresses. A dress is usually worn at formal occasions, such as a wedding or a dance. It is also worn in the summer to keep cool. Younger females tend to prefer shorter skirts than older females.

Type of dress
Afternoon dress 
cocktail dress
Evening dress
Saree

History 
In the 11th century, women in Europe wore dresses that were like men's tunics and were loose with the hem(the very bottom cloth of a dress) below the knees or lower. 

Later in the 1550s French women were inspired by Spanish-style bodices and also wore ruffs(a frilly circle worn on the neck). In England, Queen Elizabeth said what kinds of dresses women could wear. 

During the 17 century, Lace and slashing(when fabric is layered and cut so it feels like velvet) became popular decorations. Skirts were full, and the overskirt(the skirt worn over all the others) allowed the display of an underskirt of contrasting fabric. Necklines became lower as well.

Skirts were wide and supported by hoop underskirts in the 18th century. One-piece gowns were popular until the middle of the century. During the 1760s in France, hoop petticoats(undergarments like skirts) were reduced in size. Women also liked lighter colors and lighter fabrics.

Women's dresses in the 19th century began to be sorted by the time of day or purpose of the dress. Dresses with high waists were popular until around 1830. Europeans styles in dresses increased quickly to the hoop skirt and the crinoline using styles of the 1860s. Dresses had "day" bodice with a high neckline and long sleeves, and an "evening" bodice with a low neckline and very short sleeves. Skirts of the 1860s had a lot of decoration.

References

Other websites
Stylopedia -- an online dictionary of fashion details 
ApparelSeach glossary of textile and apparel terms
An international dress size converter
Thorn

Thorn has several meanings:
 Thorns, spines and prickles, a sharp structure or growth on plants
 Thorn tree
 Hawthorn, Crataegus
 Thorn (letter) (Þ, þ), a letter in the Anglo-Saxon and Icelandic alphabets

Places
 Thorn, Netherlands
 Toruń, Poland (known as Thorn in German)

United Kingdom
 Thorn, Bedfordshire
 Thorn, Devon
 Thorn, Herefordshire
 Thorn, Powys

USA
 Thorn, California, in San Bernardino County
 Thorn, Mississippi, in Chickasaw County
 Thorn, Utah, in Salt Lake County

Persons, Characters
 Andy Thorn
 Brad Thorn, Australian/New Zealand rugby league and rugby union footballer
 Damien Thorn
 Erin Thorn
 Gaston Thorn (b. 1928), Luxembourg politician
 George Thorn
 Colonel Herman Thorn (1783–1859), called "the millionaire of New York", brother of Jonathan Thorn
 Jan Thorn-Prikker
 John Thorn
 John Thorn (musician)
 Jonathan Thorn
 Matt Thorn
 Nautica Thorn
 Philip Thorn
 Robyn Thorn
 Rod Thorn
 Stuart Thorn, President of the Fat People United Group
 Tracey Thorn
 Victor Thorn
 Viktor Thorn
 Rose and Thorn is a character with a split personality in DC comics
 Thorn, the main character of the online fantasy story Darksoul Kingdom
 Thorn Harvestar, a main character in Jeff Smith's Bone comic series
 Thorns (band), a Norwegian black metal band
 The Thorns, an American acoustic rock band
 Thorn (Inheritance) a dragon from the Inheritance Trilogy

Companies
 Thorn EMI
 THORN Electrical Industries
 Thorn Cycles, British bicycle manufacturer
 Thorn guitars, guitar manufacturer
 Thorn Lighting, luminaire manufacturer, part of Zumtobel Lighting Group

Other uses
 Thorns (novel), a 1967 science fiction novel by American writer Robert Silverberg
 Thorn (horse), racehorse that won the Kentucky Futurity in 1897
 Thorn (video game)
 Thorn (Inheritance), the red dragon on the cover of the book Eldest
Thorns, spines and prickles

Botanists use three different words for sharp things on plants. They are thorns, spines, and prickles. Thorns are the ends of branches that are hard and sharp. Spines are hard structures with sharp ends. There are many different kinds of spines, some on leaves, some grow instead of leaves. Prickles are on the outside of stems. 

Spines, prickles, and thorns protect plants from plant-eating animals (defence against herbivory). Some plants and animals, such as the acacia tree and giraffe have evolved in response to each other. The plants grow very long spines and the animals develop very long tongues to reach past the spines and feed on the leaves.

Gallery

References 

Esau, K. 1965. Plant Anatomy, 2nd Edition. John Wiley & Sons. 767 pp.
Llamas, K. A. 2003. Tropical Flowering Plants. Timber Press, Portland. 423 pp.

Plant anatomy
Pope Pius IX

Pope Pius IX (, ; May 13, 1792 – February 7, 1878), born Giovanni Maria Mastai-Feretti, was an Italian priest of the Roman Catholic Church and the 256th Pope, from 1846 until his death.  Only Saint Peter himself led the church longer than the 32-year reign of Pius IX.

In 2000, he was beatified, which is a step in the process of naming a saint of the Catholic Church.

Career
Mastai-Feretti was ordained as a priest in 1819.

Bishop
Father Mastai-Feretti was named Bishop of Spoletto in 1827.  In 1877, the Golden Jubilee celebrations recalled the 50 years since he was named a bishop.

Cardinal
In 1840, Pope Gregory XVI made Bishop Mastai-Feretti a cardinal.

Pope
Cardinal Mastai-Feretti was elected Pope in 1846; and he took the name Pius IX.

In 1846, Piux IX declared an amnesty for political prisoners.

In 1848 he ordered that the gates to the Jewish ghetto in Rome be knocked down.
 
Pius formally defined the dogma of the Immaculate Conception.

Papal States
In 1849, Pius was deposed as the temporal ruler of the Papal States.  As a result of Italian nationalism and the Risorgimento, the Papal States and all of the pope's land outside the Apostolic Palace were seized in 1870 and pope spent his last years a virtual prisoner within the Vatican.

First Vatican Council
In 1869-1870, Pope Pius brought together the church's bishops and cardinals in a meeting called the Vatican Council.    The council defined the dogma of papal infallibility.

Pius died at age 85.

After his death
The process of recognizing Pius IX as a saint began in 1907.

The body of Pope Pius IX was exhumed in 1956.<ref> "Body of Pope Pius IX Exhumed in Ceremony," New York Times." October 26, 1956; retrieved 2011-10-30.</ref>  This was part of a ceremony of "recognition".

Preparations for beatification were almost finished in 1962; and they were completed in 1984.

Related pages
 List of popes
 List of popes by length of reign

References

More reading
 Kertazer, David I. (1997). The Kidnapping of Edgardo Mortara.'' New York: Knopf. ; ;  OCLC 35829023

Other websites

 
  Catholic Hierarchy, Pope Pius IX
 Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church, Cardinal Mastai-Feretti

1792 births
1878 deaths
Deaths from epilepsy
Italian popes
Beatified people
Sickle

A sickle is a curved cutting tool used in agriculture for harvesting grain crops. It is a hand tool and was used before machines for harvesting. It has a curved blade with an attached handle. The inside part of the curve is sharp, so the user can swing the blade against the crop's base, catching it in the curve and slicing it. Some sickles have a serrated blade like a saw.

A sickle is sometimes used as a weapon. In Greek mythology, Cronus and Perseus did this.

A sickle and a hammer are the symbols of the Soviet Union.

Farming tools
Cutting tools
Kilometres per hour

Kilometres per hour is a unit of measurement, which measures speed or velocity. The unit symbol is km/h or km·h−1. By definition, an object travelling at a speed of 1 km/h in a straight line for 1 hour moves 1 kilometre. The unit is the most commonly used unit of speed worldwide, more common than the SI unit of speed, metres per second.

Conversions
 3.6 km/h ≡ 1 m/s, the SI unit of speed, metre per second
 1 km/h ≈ 0.277 78 m/s
 1 km/h ≈ 0.621 37 mph ≈ 0.911 34 feet per second
 1 knot ≡ 1.852 km/h (exactly)
 1 mile = 1.609344 km (~1.61 km)
 n km/h ≈ ( 1.61 * n ) mph (where n is a quantity of speed in km/h)
 1 mph = ~1.6 km/h

Other websites
A conversion calculator for Units of Speed

Units of measurement
Amanda Bynes

| birth place = Thousand Oaks,California, USA.
Amanda Laura Bynes (born April 3, 1986) is an American actress, program host on Nickelodeon and fashion designer. After being in several successful television series on Nickelodeon in the late 1990s and early 2000s, Bynes has moved into a movie career. She starred in several movies aimed at teenage audiences. These included Big Fat Liar, She's the Man, Hairspray, and Easy A. She was on the 2007 Forbes list as the 5th highest paid celebrities under 21 earning $2.5 million.

Bynes has been described by The Boston Globe as having an "everygirl" appeal, embodying "both everything her teen fans dream of being and everything they know they really are, and they love her for it." In 2006, she was named one of Teen People's "25 Hottest Stars Under 25".

On June 19, 2010, Bynes said on her Twitter that she is retiring from acting saying she does not like it as much as she used to. A month later, Bynes changed her mind and returned to acting.

Again in 2012 she said that she is retiring from acting.

In April 2012 Bynes was arrested for side-swiping a police car. In June 2012 she was charged with driving under alcohol or drugs when she was arrested in April.

In May 2013 Bynes was arrested at her house in Manhattan for having marijuana. In July she was arrested after she set fire to a stranger's driveway. The police decided that she should be kept for psychiatric evaluation for her own safety. Since September 2013 Bynes has been in The Canyon rehab in Malibu for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder treatment.

References

Other websites
 

1986 births
Living people
Actors from Ventura County, California
American child actors
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
People from Ventura County, California
People with bipolar disorder
People with schizophrenia