cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Chakravarti Rajagopalachari

Chakravarti Rajagopalachari was an Indian politician, independence activist, lawyer, writer and statesman. Rajagopalachari was the last Governor-General of India. He also served as leader of the Indian National Congress,Chief Minister of Madras Presidency (present Tamil Nadu), Governor of West Bengal and Minister for Home Affairs of the Indian Union.  Rajagopalachari founded the Swatantra Party and was one of the first recipients of India's highest civilian award, the Bharat Ratna. He forcefully opposed the use of nuclear weapons and was a supporter of world peace. During his lifetime, he also acquired the nickname 'Mango of Krishnagiri'.

Rajagopalachari was born in the village of Thorapalli in the Krishnagiri district of the Madras Presidency (now the Krishnagiri district of Tamil Nadu) and was educated at Central College, Bangalore, and Presidency College, Madras.On entering politics, he became a member and later President of the Salem municipality. He joined the Indian National Congress and participated in the agitations against the Rowlatt Act, joining the Non-Cooperation movement, the Vaikom Satyagraha, and the Civil Disobedience movement. In 1930, Rajagopalachari risked imprisonment when he led the Vedaranyam Salt Satyagraha in response to the Dandi March. In 1937, Rajagopalachari was elected Premier of the Madras Presidency and served until 1940, when he resigned due to Britain's declaration of war on Germany. He later advocated co-operation over Britain's war effort and opposed the Quit India Movement.

In 1946, Rajagopalachari was appointed Minister of Industry, Supply, Education and Finance in the Interim Government of India, and then as the Governor of West Bengal from 1947 to 1948, Governor-General of India from 1948 to 1950, Home Minister of India from 1951 to 1952 and as Chief Minister of Madras state (present Tamil Nadu) from 1952 to 1954. In 1959, he resigned from the Indian National Congress and founded the Swatantra Party, which stood against the Congress in the 1962, 1967 and 1972 elections. Rajagopalachari was instrumental in setting up a united Anti-Congress front in Madras state under C. N. Annadurai, which swept the 1967 elections.

References

Tamil Nadu politicians
Governors of West Bengal
Swatantra Party

The Swatantra Party was an Indian classical liberal political party that existed from 1959 . Still having members in Maharashtra, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Kerala. Prof. Babu Joseph from Kottayam, National executive member of Swatantra Party who attended the meeting of 50th year of Commemorating Swatantra Party which is held in Mumbai on August 1, 2009. It was founded by C. Rajagopalachari in reaction to what he felt was the Jawaharlal Nehru-dominated Indian National Congress's increasingly socialist and statist outlook. Swatantra (Freedom) stood for a market-based economy.The party was thus favoured by some traders and industrialists, but at the state-level its leadership was dominated by the traditional wealthy classes such as zamindars (landlords) and formerly princely states. Its membership was not restricted on the basis of religion, unlike the Hindu-nationalist Bharatiya Jana Sangh. In 1960, Rajagopalachari and his colleagues drafted a 21-point manifesto detailing why Swatantra Party had to be formed, even though they were formerly Congressmen and associates of Nehru during the struggle for independence. The Prime Minister was highly critical of Swatantra, dubbing the party as belonging to "the middle ages of lords, castles and zamindars.

In the 1962 general election, the first after its formation, Swatantra received 6.8 percent of the total votes and won 18 seats in the third Lok Sabha (1962–67). It emerged as the main opposition to the dominant Congress in four states—Bihar, Rajasthan, Gujarat and Orissa. By the next general election in 1967, Swatantra had become a significant force in some parts of India; it won 8.7 percent of the votes and became the single-largest opposition party in the fourth Lok Sabha (1967–71) with 44 seats. In 1971, Swatantra joined a "Grand Alliance" of parties from across the political spectrum who aimed to defeat Prime Minister Indira Gandhi. The party secured eight seats, winning only 3% of the votes. The next year, in 1972, its founder Rajagopalachari died, and Swatantra declined rapidly. By 1974, with many of its members joining the Charan Singh-led Bharatiya Lok Dal, another coalition committed to anti-Congressism.

Reference

Political parties in India
1959 establishments in Asia
1950s establishments in India
1974 disestablishments
20th-century disestablishments in India
Warner Robins, Georgia

Warner Robins is a city in central Georgia. It was named for General Augustine Warner Robins of the U.S. Air Force. 

Warner Robins was founded in 1942 from the community of Wellston. It was incorporated as a town in 1943. It became a city in 1956.

As of the 2015 Census estimate, 73,490 people lived there.

Cities in Georgia (U.S. state)
Vedaranyam Salt Satyagraha

Vedaranyam Salt Satyagraha was a march started by Indian statesman C. Rajagopalachari, inspired by the Dandi March.C. Rajagopalachari, a close associate of Gandhi, led the march which had close to 150 volunteers, most of who belonged to the Indian National Congress. It began at Trichinopoly (now Tiruchirappalli) on 13 April 1930 and proceeded for about 150 miles towards the east before reaching Vedaranyam, a small coastal town in the then Tanjore District (Madras Presidency).By collecting salt directly from the sea the marchers broke the salt law. As a part of the march, Rajagopalachari created awareness among the people by highlighting the importance of khadi or cotton as well as social issues like caste discrimination. The campaign came to an end on 28 April 1930 when the participants were arrested by the police. Its leader Rajagopalachari was imprisoned for six months. The march along with the ones at Dandi and Dharasana drew worldwide attention to the Indian independence movement.

Reference

History of India
Personal liberty laws

The Personal Liberty Laws were laws passed by several U.S. states in the North to counter the Fugitive Slave Acts of 1793 and 1850.  The North
were mostly abolitionists, who did not like slavery, so they made these laws.

United States law
1852 United States presidential election

The United States presidential election of 1852 was the 17th presidential election. It was held on Tuesday, November 2, 1852. The United States holds presidential elections every four years. Franklin Pierce was elected president.

Candidates

Millard Fillmore was the incumbent president, having replaced Zachary Taylor, the 1848 winner, on his death in 1850. Fillmore belonged to the Whig Party. Instead of choosing Fillmore as a candidate for 1852, the Whigs chose General Winfield Scott. William Alexander Graham was Scott's running mate, the person who would become vice-president if elected.

The Democratic Party selected Franklin Pierce. Pierce was not a well known politician. William R. King was Pierce's running mate.

References

1852
1852
1850s in the United States
Mark E. Green

Mark E. Green (born November 8, 1964) is an American physician and politician from the state of Tennessee. He is the member of the United States House of Representatives from Tennessee's 7th congressional district since January 3, 2019. He was in the Tennessee Senate as a member of the Republican Party.

Green founded and served as the CEO of Align MD a healthcare emergency medicine staffing company.  Before serving as CEO of Align MD Dr. Green was a member of the US Army. He served as an emergency medicine physician in Operation Red Dawn, which saw the capture of Saddam Hussein.

On January 4, 2017, Green announced his plans to run for Governor of Tennessee in the 2018 election.

On March 15, 2017, sources revealed to the Tennessean that Green was under consideration for Secretary of the Army by the Trump Administration. On April 1, 2017, Trump announced his plans to nominate Green as Secretary of the Army. If confirmed, it would effectively end his run for Governor in 2018. Green, however, withdrew his nomination on May 5, 2017.

References

Other websites

1964 births
Living people
American military people
Businesspeople from Tennessee
Businesspeople from Florida
American physicians
United States representatives from Tennessee
Politicians from Florida
US Republican Party politicians
Antonio Lamela

Antonio Lamela (December 1, 1926 – April 1, 2017) was a Spanish architect. He was born and raised in Madrid. His most well known projects are Santiago Bernabéu Stadium, the Adolfo Suárez, Madrid–Barajas Airport and the Torres de Colón. 

Lamela died on April 1, 2017 in Madrid at the age of 90.

References

Other websites
 Official website of Estudio Lamela Arquitectos
 Conferencia A. Lamela
 Antonio Lamela CV, at COAG
 Antonio Lamela CV, at GVA 

1926 births
2017 deaths
Disease-related deaths in Madrid
Architects
People from Madrid
Sergio González Rodríguez

Sergio González Rodríguez (26 January 1950 – 3 April 2017) was a Mexican journalist and writer. He was born in Mexico City. He was best known for his works on the murders of women in Ciudad Juárez in the 1990s to 2000s, such as Huesos en el desierto (Bones in the desert) published in 2002. 

Rodríguez also wrote novels, essays, screenplays for documentaries and was recognized with several awards in Mexico and Spain.

Rodríguez died of a heart attack in Mexico City on 3 April 2017, aged 67.

References

Other websites

1950 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Cardiovascular disease deaths in Mexico
Mexican journalists
Mexican novelists
Critics
Mexican screenwriters
Mexican historians
Mexican essayists
Writers from Mexico City
2017 Saint Petersburg Metro bombing

On 3 April 2017, an explosion took place on the Saint Petersburg Metro between Sennaya Ploshchad and Tekhnologichesky Institut stations. Nine people were initially reported to have died, and later two more died from their injuries. At least 45 others were injured in the incident. 

The explosive device was contained in a briefcase. A second explosive device was found and defused on a train at another metro station.

Attacker
Investigators stated on 3 April 2017 that they believed the attack was a suicide bombing and identified a Central Asian as the suspected perpetrator. Some reports identified the suspect as Maxim Arishev, a 22-year-old immigrant from Kazakhstan, while others stated the suspect was a 23-year-old native of Kyrgyzstan with Russian citizenship with links to international militant groups. The next day, the suspected perpetrator was named as Akbarzhan Jalilov, a Russian citizen born in Kyrgyzstan. It was the first terrorist attack in the history of the Saint Petersburg Metro system.

References

2017 murders in Europe
2010s explosions in Europe
2010s in Russia

April 2017 events
Explosions in 2017
Islamic terrorist incidents in 2017
Islamic terrorist incidents in Europe 
Mass murder in 2017
Mass murder in Europe
2017 Metro bombing
Terrorist incidents in Europe in 2017
Leonard Litwin

Leonard Litwin (October 16, 1914 – April 2, 2017) was an American real estate developer. Through his company, Glenwood Management Corp., he specialized in residential construction.  His firm owns and operates about 24 buildings in Manhattan. and rents about 4,200 high-end units. His buildings have a reputation for being well built and well managed.

Litwin died on April 2, 2017 in Melville, New York from respiratory failure at the age of 102.

References

1914 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from respiratory failure
Disease-related deaths in New York
American Jews
American centenarians
Real estate developers
Businesspeople from New York City
It (character)

It, also known as Pennywise the Dancing Clown or Bob Gray, is the title character and main antagonist of Stephen King's 1986 horror novel It. The character is a demonic and scary supernatural entity that murders and eats the local children of the fictional town of Derry, Maine about every twenty-seven years, using many powers that include the ability to shapeshift, manipulate, and go unnoticed by adults.

King came up with the idea for Pennywise after asking himself what scared children "more than anything else in the world", which he felt was clowns. The character has been described as one of the scariest clowns in popular culture and is a global icon.

The character was portrayed by Tim Curry in the 1990 television adaptation of the same name; and by Bill Skarsgård in the 2017 and 2019 movie adaptation.

References

Clowns
Fictional mass murderers
Fictional extraterrestrial characters
Fictional demons and devils
Monsters
Supervillains
Characters in written fiction
It (miniseries)

It is a 1990 supernatural horror miniseries directed by Tommy Lee Wallace, adapted by Lawrence D. Cohen from the Stephen King novel of the same name.

Plot
The story revolves around an inter-dimensional predatory shapeshifter which has the ability to transform itself into its prey's worst fears, allowing it to explore the phobias of its victims. It mostly takes the form of a sadistic, wisecracking clown called Pennywise, in order to trick and murder children. The protagonists are The Lucky Seven,  or The Losers Club, a group of outcast children who discover Pennywise and vow to destroy him by any means necessary. 

The series takes place over two different time periods, the first when the Losers first discover Pennywise as children, and the second when they're called back as adults to defeat Pennywise, who has resurfaced.

Cast
The series features an ensemble cast, which includes Dennis Christopher, Annette O'Toole, John Ritter, Harry Anderson, Richard Thomas, Tim Reid, Richard Masur, Michael Cole, Olivia Hussey, and Tim Curry as Pennywise.

Background
Originally thought as a four-part eight-hour series, ABC enlisted writer Lawrence D. Cohen to adapt the 1,138-page King novel. Production on It began in early 1990, and the series was filmed over a period of three months in New Westminster, British Columbia in mid-1990.

Aftermath
It aired on ABC over two nights on November 18 and 20, 1990, and was a major success for the network, attracting 30 million viewers in its premiere. Since its initial television broadcast, the miniseries has gotten positive reception and becoming a cult sensation following in recent years.

Other websites

 
 
 "Back to Derry": An Oral History of 'Stephen King's It' at Yahoo!

Miniseries
Stephen King
It (novel)

It is a 1986 horror novel by American author Stephen King. The story follows the lives of seven children as they are terrorized by the demonic clown being, which exploits the fears and phobias of its victims in order to disguise itself while hunting its prey. "It" primarily appears in the form of a clown in order to attract its preferred prey of young children. 

The novel is told through narratives alternating between two time periods, and is largely told in the third-person mode. It deals with themes that eventually became King staples: the power of memory, childhood trauma, and the ugliness lurking behind a traditional small-town values. 

The novel won the British Fantasy Award in 1987, and received nominations for the Locus and World Fantasy Awards that same year. Publishers Weekly listed It as the best-selling book in the United States in 1986.

Popular versions of the novel have been made from a 1990 miniseries and a duology movie series: It Chapter One (2017) and It Chapter Two (2019).

References

Books by Stephen King
Horror novels
Water board

A water board is a governmental institution that deals with water management, like the maintenance of dykes.

Water boards are especially to be found in low-lying (parts of) countries like the Netherlands and Flanders.

Water
Politics
Subdivisions of the Netherlands
Subdivisions of Belgium
Flanders
Gray iron

Gray iron or gray cast iron is a mixture of cast iron and graphite. It is used in cookware and combustion cylinders. The more force the iron can hold, the better the iron is.

Advantages and Disadvantages
Gray iron is very strong. It is also very good for building machines and very good for absorbing energy. Gray iron is easy to weld. However, gray iron cannot handle quick strikes, and breaks easily.

Iron
Captain Underpants: The First Epic Movie

Captain Underpants: The First Epic Movie is a computer-animated superhero action-comedy movie based on the children's novel series of the same name. It was released on June 2, 2017 in 3D and 2D by DreamWorks Animation and 20th Century Fox.

References 

2017 comedy movies
2017 animated movies
2010s superhero movies
2010s action comedy movies
20th Century Fox movies
Computer-animated movies
Movies based on books
American superhero movies
American action comedy movies
American animated movies
American family movies
Hammerscale (archaeology)

Hammerscale is what is left behind after you forge iron like it was done in ancient times. It is the metal version of sawdust. Hammerscale is very useful in archaeology.

Description

Physical Appearance 
Hammerscale looks like either flakes or spheres. The flakes can be very different in size and shape. The spheres are hollow, and often the same size. Hammerscale is black, light gray, or blue.

Chemical Composition 
Hammerscale was probably made from magnetite. However, later steps in the iron working process have given hammerscale that is more and more pure.

In archaeology 
Hammerscale is used to tell what some iron was used for, how it was used, and who made it.

Iron
Årstaskolan

Årstaskolan (Arsta School), is a municipal compulsory located in the neighborhood of Årsta in Stockholm, Sweden. The school is a so-called F-9 school tuition from kindergarten up to 9th grade. The schoolhouse was built in 1946 and designed by Swedish architect Stig Åkermark. It has approximately 900 pupils.

References
BASF

BASF, official name: BASF SE, is a German chemical company. Its headquarters are in Ludwigshafen, Rhineland-Palatinate. 

BASF was established in 1865. It is the biggest chemical company of the world.

Current CEO of BASF is Maryam Tariq, as she is carrying the entire BASF team on her shoulders. 

1865 establishments in Europe
Companies of Germany
Ludwigshafen
1860s establishments in Germany
Hexaferrum

Hexaferrum, also known as epsilon iron, is a form of iron at very high pressure. Hexaferrum is often compared to cobalt. Hexaferrum is a (formula: Fe, Os, Ru, Ir) hexagonal-dihexagonal dipyramidal yellowish steel-gray mineral containing iridium, iron, osmium, and ruthenium. It was named for the crystal morphology, being in the Hexagonal system, and its composition, containing essential iron.

References 

Iron
John Chrispinsson

John Knut Chrispinsson (13 December 1956 – 3 April 2017) was a Swedish journalist and television presenter. He worked mostly in TV and radio with news programs and historical programs. 

Chrispinsson also wrote several book on Swedish history. 

Chrispinsson died in Stockholm on 3 April 2017 from a heart attack complicated by borrelia, aged 60.

References

Other websites

1956 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Swedish writers
Television presenters
Swedish journalists
Writers from Stockholm
Rochechouart

Rochechouart () is a commune in the Haute-Vienne department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region in west central France. It is a subprefecture of the Haute-Vienne department. It is also the capital of the arrondissement of the same name.

Geography
Rochechouart is in the western part of the Haute-Vienne department, along the valley of the Grêne river. The confluence of the Grêne with the Vayres river is to the south of the town. Another river, the Gorre, forms the northeastern border of the commune.

The city of Rochechouart is at about  west of Limoges, the largest town and capital of the department,  from Bordeaux and  from Paris.

The commune has an area of . Its average altitude is ; at the city hall, the altitude is .

The commune of Rochechouart is surrounded by the communes:

Climate
The climate of Rochechouart, in the Köppen climate classification, is Cfb - Oceanic climate with template summers.

Population
The inhabitants of Rochechouart are known, in French, as Rochechouartais (women: Rochechouartaises).

With a population of 3,798, Rochechouart has a population density of  inhabitants/km2.

Evolution of the population in Rochechouart

Administration 
Rochechouart is a subprefecture of the Haute-Vienne department, the capital of the arrondissement of Rochechouart and the administrative centre () of the canton of Rochechouart, with 17,479  inhabitants (2014).

It is part of the intercommunality Porte Océane du Limousin ().

Twinned and partner towns 
Rochechouart is twinned with:
  Oettingen, Germany

Gallery

Related pages
 Arrondissement of Rochechouart
 Communes of the Haute-Vienne department

References

Other websites

 City Council website 

Subprefectures in France
Communes in Haute-Vienne
Giovanni Sartori

Giovanni Sartori (; 13 May 1924 – 4 April 2017) was an Italian political scientist specialized in the study of democracy and comparative politics. He was also a journalist who wrote for Corriere della Sera. 

Sartori died in Florence, Italy on 4 April 2017 from throat cancer, aged 92.

References

Other websites
 Sartori's biography on ItaliaLibri
 Review of Pluralism, Multiculturalism and Foreigners: an Essay on Multiethnic Society 
 Gianfranco Pasquino. (2005). "The Political Science of Giovanni Sartori". European Political Science 4 (1), 33–41.

1924 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from throat cancer
Cancer deaths in Italy
Italian writers
Italian scientists
Italian journalists
Political scientists
People from Florence
Secretary of State for Exiting the European Union

The Secretary of State for Exiting the European Union (or Brexit Secretary) was a United Kingdom Cabinet post. The holder of this office was in charge of the United Kingdom leaving the European Union. 

The office was held by David Davis from July 2016 until July 2018. Following Davis' resignation, Dominic Raab was appointed Brexit Secretary. When Raab resigned in November 2018, Stephen Barclay was appointed as Secretary of State. 

The position was created in 2016 by the new Prime Minister Theresa May after the UK voted to leave the European Union.

The position was abolished on 31 January 2020.

References

Members of the Cabinet of the United Kingdom
Brexit
Bill Haley

William John Clifton Haley (; July 6, 1925 – February 9, 1981) was an American singer-songwriter and musician. He was one of the first to make rock and roll music popular in the 1950s with his band Bill Haley & His Comets. He sold 25 million records worldwide with hits such as "Rock Around the Clock" (1954), "Shake, Rattle and Roll" (1954) and "See You Later, Alligator" (1956).

Personal life
Haley was born in Highland Park, Michigan. At the age of four, he had operation on his inner-ear, which cut an optic nerve, making him blind in his left eye.

He died of a heart attack caused by alcoholism on February 9, 1981 aged 55.

Grammy Hall of Fame
The following recording by Bill Haley was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame in 1982.

References

Other websites 
 Bill Haley's new Comets web site
  Melody Manor (Bill Haley's house) Google Map

 Bill Haley Jr. and the Comets site

1925 births
1981 deaths
American radio personalities
American rock singers
Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inductees
American bandleaders
American rock guitarists
Singers from Pennsylvania
Bill Haley & His Comets

Bill Haley & His Comets were an American rock and roll band. It was founded in 1952 and continued until Haley's death in 1981. The band was also known as Bill Haley and the Comets and Bill Haley's Comets (and variations thereof). From late 1954 to late 1956, the group placed nine singles in the Top 20. Their single "Rock Around the Clock" became the biggest selling rock and roll single in the history of the genre.

References

Musical groups established in the 1950s
Musical groups disestablished in 1981
American rock bands
Musical groups from Pennsylvania
International Women's Media Foundation

The International Women's Media Foundation is a Washington, D.C.-based nonprofit organization to strengthen the participation of women working as journalists in every part of the world. They offer training, awards programs, and legal advice to women journalists. They have members in more than 100 countries.

Programs 

The IWMF was started in 1990 to increase freedom of speech by supporting women working in the media. Their objectives are to build a network of women to share ideas, to give women the skills to become leaders, to help women expand their careers, and to honor bravery and courage with the Courage in Journalism and Lifetime Achievement Awards. The foundation sponsors several events and financial aid funds, including advanced training and grants, to assist and promote women in journalism.

Research 

In 2013, the International Women’s Media Foundation studied women journalists. They found that two-thirds of women journalists in the world have experienced harassment or abuse in their work. Most of them do not report these problems because they are afraid. They also publish safety and security recommendations for women journalists.
 Summary of IWMF study 
 "Violence and harassment against women in the news media: a global picture"  - text
  Recommendations for women journalists (IWMF)

Related pages
 Courage in Journalism Award

References

Other websites 
  International Women's Media Foundation official website

Non-profit organizations
Journalism
Mabel Cáceres

Mabel Cáceres or Mabel Cáceres Calderón is a Peruvian journalist, and the founder and editor-in-chief of El Búho (The Owl). She received the 2016 Courage in Journalism Award from the International Women's Media Foundation. 

In 1999, Cáceres was the director of a local TV channel owned by a university, when the government of Peru’s president Fujimori suspended the channel for a year. Cáceres, along with a group of intellectuals, journalists, and friends, started El Búho as a weekly newspaper.

Life 

Mabel Cáceres studied journalism, communication, and related programs at the Catholic University of Santa María in Arequipa, Peru from 1984 to 1990. In 1997, she received a master's degree in Communication and Media Studies from the Pontifical Catholic University of Peru in Lima, Peru.

Career 

In 1989 Cáceres went to work for Correo newspaper. In 1991 she worked with the newspaper Arequipa al Día. From 1992 to 1999 she was the general director of the Proyecto TV UNSA at the Universidad Nacional de San Agustín.  From 2006 to 2011 she was the director of the political-cultural television program "Contrastes" on Channel 53, TV MUNDO, in Arequipa.  In 2000 she became the director of El Búho in Arequipa, in partnership with the poet Alonso Ruiz Rosas and writer Ody Gonzales. Together they started El Búho as a weekly newspaper. 

Cáceres has been sued for defamation 16 times, and has won all the lawsuits. Some of the editors received sentences, but they were overturned by the Supreme Court. The Press and Society Institute (IPYS) provides for El Búho's legal defense because it considers that the complaints against the weekly are an attack on freedom of the press and democracy.  

Money was always a problem.  Because the magazine is often critical of the local mining company, Cerro Verde, as well as the regional government, they do not put ads in the magazine. In 2001 El Búho stopped publication for a month because they could not pay the bills. A grant from an international agency kept them going until 2011, when they had to cut back from weekly to a magazine format.  El Búho TV was broadcast on the Viva TV channel in Arequipa, until pressures from politicians and advertisers took it off the air. Today the program continues on a YouTube channel.

Awards 
 100 Information Heroes by Reporters Sans Frontières (2016)
 Courage in Jouranlism Award (2016)

Other websites 
 Mabel Cáceres @mabel_elbuho on Twitter 
 El Búho

References  

Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Peruvian journalists
Ralph Archbold

Ralph Archbold (January 17, 1942 – March 25, 2017) was an American actor and impersonator. He was a Philadelphia-area speaker who was best known for his impersonation of U.S. Founding Father Benjamin Franklin. He began his Franklin impersonation career in 1973.

Archbold has appeared as Franklin for every President of the United States at the White House from Gerald Ford through Barack Obama. He was appointed by George W. Bush to a 15-member commission to oversee the celebration of Franklin's 300th birthday.

Archbold was born in Dearborn, Michigan. In 2008, he married Linda Wilde who was a known Betsy Ross impersonator in Philadelphia. Archbold died on March 25, 2017 in Philadelphia from complications of congestive heart failure, aged 75.

References

Other websites
 Archbold at the White House 300th Benjamin Franklin Birthday Celebration

1942 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from congestive heart failure
Cardiovascular disease deaths in the United States
Actors from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Actors from Michigan
People from Dearborn, Michigan
Roy Sievers

Roy Edward Sievers (November 18, 1926 – April 3, 2017) was an American professional baseball player. 

Sievers was signed by the St. Louis Browns as a free agent in 1947. Sievers debuted in the major leagues on April 21, 1949. He played in Major League Baseball as a first baseman/left fielder. From  through , Sievers played for the St. Louis Browns (1949–53), the original Washington Senators (1954–59), Chicago White Sox (1960–61), Philadelphia Phillies (1962–64), and finally the new Senators (1964–65). He batted and threw right-handed.

Sievers won the  American League Rookie of the Year and TSN Rookie of the Year awards in 1949, batting .306 with 16 home runs and 75 RBI.

Sievers was born in St. Louis, Missouri. He died in Spanish Lake, Missouri on April 3, 2017, aged 90.

References

Other websites
profile and chronology  Baseball Library 

1926 births
2017 deaths
Disease-related deaths in Missouri
Baltimore Orioles players
Minnesota Twins players
Chicago White Sox players
Philadelphia Phillies players
Sportspeople from St. Louis, Missouri
Samir Farid

Samir Farid () (December 1, 1943 – April 4, 2017) was an Egyptian writer, movie critic, journalist and movie historian. He was born in Cairo, Egypt. He authored and translated over 60 books since 1966 on Egyptian, Arab and World cinema. He was the consultant for Cinema affairs in the Bibliotheca Alexandrina (2001-2016).

He was a member of jury in International film festivals since 1972. (Among them Oberhausen Film Festival 1978, DOC Leipzig Film festival 1984, Annecy International Animated Film Festival 1998, Torino Film Festival 2001, Controcorrente (Upstream section) of  Venice Film Festival 2003, Thessaloniki Film Festival 2003 and Taormina Film Festival 2010.)

He also was the Head of The Cairo International Film Festival 2014.

Farid died on April 4, 2017 in Cairo from a long-illness at the age of 73.

Related pages
List of historians by continent

References

1943 births
2017 deaths
Egyptian writers
Egyptian journalists
Movie critics
Historians
People from Cairo
George Brady

George Jiri Brady O.Ont (born Jiří Brady; 9 February 1928 – 11 January 2019) was a Canadian businessman and Holocaust survivor of Jewish-Czech descent.

Biography 
He was a survivor of both Theresienstadt (Terezin) and Auschwitz (Oswiecim, Poland). After World War II, he became a Canadian businessman and was awarded the Order of Ontario.

References

Other websites
 Hana's Story (Brady family website)

1928 births
2019 deaths
Canadian businesspeople
Canadian Jews
Czech Jews
Czechoslovak people
Deaths from heart failure
Holocaust survivors
Jewish businesspeople
Naturalized citizens of Canada
Plumbers
Benjamin B. Ferencz

Benjamin Berell Ferencz (born March 11, 1920) is a Romanian-born American lawyer of Hungarian-Jewish descent. He was an investigator of Nazi war crimes after World War II and the Chief Prosecutor for the United States Army at the Einsatzgruppen Trial, one of the twelve military trials held by the U.S. authorities at Nuremberg, Germany.

Later, he became an advocate of the establishment of an international rule of law and of an International Criminal Court. From 1985 to 1996, he was Adjunct Professor of International Law at Pace University.

Ferencz was interviewed by Lesley Stahl of 60 Minutes about his role at the Nuremberg Trials. He was 99-years-old at the time of the television interview.

References

1920 births
Living people
Lawyers from Indiana
American military personnel of World War II
Harvard University alumni
Hungarian Jews
Jewish American academics
Naturalized citizens of the United States
Romanian Jews
Nuremberg trials
American centenarians
Educators from Indiana
Bat-Sheva Dagan

Bat-Sheva Dagan () (born September 8, 1925) is a Polish-Israeli Holocaust survivor, educator, author, and speaker. She was born in Łódź, Poland.

Holocaust 
She was incarcerated in a ghetto in Radom with her parents and two sisters in 1940. After her parents and a sister were deported and murdered in Treblinka in August 1942, she escaped to Germany, but was discovered, imprisoned, and deported to Auschwitz in May 1943. After spending 20 months in Auschwitz, she survived two death marches and was liberated by British troops in May 1945. She was the only survivor of her family.

After the Holocaust 
Dagan and her husband settled in Israel, where she taught kindergarten and later obtained degrees in educational counseling and psychology. She went on to author books, poems, and songs for children and young adults on Holocaust themes, and developed psychological and pedagogical methods for teaching the Holocaust to children. She is thought a pioneer in children's Holocaust education.

Awards and honors 
In 2008 Dagan was named Woman of the Year in Education by Yad Vashem for her works to Holocaust teaching for children. She was also named an Outstanding Member of the City of Holon. In 2012 she was honored as one of the torch lighters at ceremonies marking Yom HaShoah.

References

Other websites 
 

1925 births
Living people
Hebrew University of Jerusalem alumni
Holocaust survivors
Human rights activists
Israeli activists
Israeli educators
Jewish activists
Jewish Israeli writers
Naturalized citizens of Israel
People from Łódź
Polish Jews
Polish psychologists
Teachers
Israeli psychologists
AKM

The AKM is a Soviet assault rifle that was designed by Mikhail Kalashnikov in the 1950s and adopted in 1959 by the Soviet army to replace the AK-47. The difference between the AK-47 and the AKM is that the AK-47 is short and the AKM is long and the other difference is that the AK-47 has a regular muzzle and the AKM has a sharp muzzle.

Users

References

Other websites

Assault rifles
Embraer

Embraer S.A. is a Brazilian company that produces all kinds of aircraft, both civil and military.

Its headquarters are in São José dos Campos.
Riviera, Ticino

Riviera is a new municipality of the district Riviera in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.

On 2 April 2017 the former municipalities of Cresciano, Iragna, Lodrino and Osogna merged into the new municipality of Riviera.

References

Other websites
 
 Official website 

2017 establishments in Switzerland
Municipalities of Ticino
Miège

Miège is a municipality in the district of Sierre in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

 Official website 

Municipalities of Valais
Mollens, Valais

Mollens is a former municipality of the district Sierre in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.

On 1 January 2017 the former municipalities of Mollens, Chermignon, Montana and Randogne merged into the new municipality of Crans-Montana.

Former municipalities of Valais
Montana, Switzerland

Montana is a former municipality of the district of Sierre in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.

It was one of the six municipalities that form the ski resort Crans-Montana (together with Icogne, Lens, Randogne, Mollens and Chermignon).

On 1 January 2017 the former municipalities of Montana, Chermignon, Mollens and Randogne merged into the new municipality of Crans-Montana.

Other websites

 Official Website 
 

Former municipalities of Valais
Randogne

Randogne was a municipality, in the new municipality of Crans-Montana and the district Sierre in the Swiss canton of Valais.

Former municipalities of Valais
Crans-Montana

Crans-Montana is a municipality of the district Sierre in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.

On 1 January 2017 the former municipalities of Chermignon, Mollens, Montana and Randogne merged into the new municipality of Crans-Montana.

Crans-Montana is a ski resort that was created through the fusion of the two centers of Crans and Montana and belonged to six municipalities (Chermignon, Lens, Icogne, Mollens, Montana and Randogne), four of which merged to form the new municipality of Crans-Montana.

Gallery

References

Other websites

 Official website 
 Crans-Montana ski resort 

2017 establishments in Switzerland
Municipalities of Valais
Ski areas and resorts in Switzerland
Villages in Valais
Hippolyta

Hippolyta (, Hippolyte) was one of the queens of the Amazons in Greek mythology. She was a fierce warrior. She was mostly famous for her magical girdle (or war belt in other accounts), given to her by her father, Ares, the god of war. The hero Heracles, for his Ninth Labor, had to get her girdle, bring it back to the city of Mycenae, and give it to Admete, daughter of King Eurystheus, as a gift.

People in Greek mythology
Singapore Art Museum

Singapore Art Museum (also known as SAM to most Singaporeans) is the first museum in Singapore.  It was opened in 1996.

The museum showcases contemporary art from Singapore, Southeast Asia (SEA), and Asia.

Before it was a museum, it was a boys' school.

References

Art museums
Buildings and structures in Singapore
1996 establishments in Asia
20th-century establishments in Singapore
Singaporean culture
Chelsea Brown

Chelsea Brown (December 6, 1942 – March 27, 2017) was an American-Australian actress and comedian. She appeared as a regular performer in comedy series Rowan & Martin's Laugh-In. She was also known for her roles in the soap operas Number 96 (in 1977), and E Street (in 1990–1991).

Brown was born in Chicago, Illinois. She was married to Vic Rooney until her death in 2017. Brown died on March 27, 2017 from pneumonia caused by dementia in Chicago, aged 74.

References

Other websites
 
 

1942 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from dementia
Deaths from pneumonia
Disease-related deaths in Chicago, Illinois
American movie actors
American television actors
Australian movie actors
Australian television actors
Actors from Chicago
Comedians from Chicago
Michel Arrivé

Michel Arrivé (7 December 1936 – 3 April 2017) was a French novelist, short story writer, linguist and academic. He was a Professor of Linguistics and Semiotics at Paris Nanterre University from 1983 to 2006. He authored several novels and short stories.

Death
Arrivé died on 3 April 2017 in Saint-Cloud, France at the age of 80.

Books

References

Other websites
 Biography at Catalogue.fr 

1936 births
2017 deaths
Disease-related deaths in France
French educators
French novelists
French linguists
Short story writers
Ilkka Sinisalo

Ilkka Antero Jouko Sinisalo (July 10, 1958 – April 5, 2017) was a Finnish professional ice hockey forward. He was born in Valkeakoski, Finland.

Sinisalo played eleven seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the Philadelphia Flyers, Minnesota North Stars and Los Angeles Kings. Later he was a scout for the Flyers.

Sinisalo died in Helsinki, Finland from prostate cancer on April 5, 2017, aged 58.

References

1958 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from prostate cancer
Finnish ice hockey players
Philadelphia Flyers players
Minnesota North Stars players
Los Angeles Kings players
International Hockey League (1945–2001) players
Brian Matthew

Brian Matthew (17 September 1928 – 8 April 2017) was an English broadcaster. He worked for the BBC from 1954 until his retirement 2017. He began presenting Sounds of the 60s in 1990, often employing the same vocabulary and the same measured delivery he had used in previous years. 

On 27 January 2017, the BBC announced that he would not return to the programme because of ill health.

At the time of his retirement, Matthew was the oldest active DJ in Britain.

Matthew was born on 17 September 1928 in Coventry, Warwickshire. He studied at Bablake School. In 1951, he married Pamela Wickington. They had one son: Christopher.

In January 2017, Matthew collapsed at his home and was hospitalized in critical condition. Matthew was reported to have died on 4 April 2017, but a BBC statement later explained this was a mistake, but remains "critically ill". Matthew later died on 8 April 2017 at the age of 88.

References

Other websites
Radio Rewind Biography with archive show clips

1928 births
2017 deaths
English radio personalities
People from Coventry
Pedro Salvatori

Pedro Salvatori (November 22, 1933 – March 24, 2017) was an Argentine politician. He was a member of the Neuquén People's Movement, a regional party based in his home Neuquén Province. He served as the Governor of Neuquén Province from 1987 to 1991, as well as the de facto Governor of Neuquén briefly from 1972 to 1973 during the military rule.

Salvatori died of respiratory failure at a hospital in Neuquén on March 24, 2017, at the age of 83.

References

1933 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from respiratory failure
Disease-related deaths in Argentina
Argentine politicians
Governors
Gravity (Sara Bareilles song)

"Gravity" is a song performed by Sara Bareilles, released the third single from her major-label debut album Little Voice (2007).

Written by Bareilles, the track was produced by Eric Rosse. Its music video was released on February 3, 2009. Bareilles said she wrote the song after her "first real heartbreak", and was hoping the ballad would help others in similar situations.

The song was originally on her first album Careful Confessions, but was later included on Little Voice.

Charts

References

2007 songs
2000s ballads
High-valent iron

High-valent iron is a compound with an oxidation state bigger than 3, more than 6 bonds, and a coordination number of 6 or less. High-valent iron is not hypervalent.

Ferrate was the first high-valent iron ion ever made.

Iron
Iron filings

Iron filings are tiny rods of iron. They are often used to show the effects of magnetic fields. Since iron is magnetic, the filings become small bar magnets. Each filing attracts other filings, so the filings eventually look like the magnetic field the original magnet has.

Iron filings are made accidentally when working iron. Iron filings’ only uses are to teach magnetic fields, and to be eaten for people who need iron.

Iron
Iron in folklore

Iron has an important role in folklore.

Europe 
Cold Iron means weapons. Later, it came to mean horseshoes & fences.
 If you put an iron fence around a cemetery, the ghosts can’t leave the cemetery.

 If you put a knife under your doormat, witches can’t enter.

 If you have a horseshoe, you’ll repel evil spirits. Later, it gave good luck.

Tibet 
In Tibet, iron from meteors is precious. Tibetan gods used weapons made from meteoric iron. Because Tibet is so high, Tibet had many meteors fall.

Iron
North Jutlandic Island

North Jutlandic Island (Danish: Nørrejyske Ø or Vendsyssel-Thy) is the second-largest island of Denmark.

About 297,000 people were living on this island in 2014. 

It has an area of 4,685 km².

North Jutlandic Island lies on the south coast of the Skagerrak. It is the most northern part of Denmark, and is commonly regarded as part of Jutland.

Islands of Denmark
Lolland

Lolland is the fourth-largest island of Denmark.

About 63,000 people were living on this island in 2013. 

It has an area of 1,243 km².

Lolland lies in the very south of Denmark, and near Germany in the Baltic Sea.

Islands of Denmark
Sam Gagner

Sam William Gagner (born August 10, 1989) is a Canadian professional ice hockey player currently playing for the Detroit Red Wings of the National Hockey League (NHL). He also played for the Arizona Coyotes, Edmonton Oilers, Vancouver Canucks, Philadelphia Flyers, and Columbus Blue Jackets.

1989 births
American Hockey League players
Arizona Coyotes players
Canadian ice hockey centres
Columbus Blue Jackets players
Detroit Red Wings players
Edmonton Oilers players
Ice hockey people from Ontario
Living people
Ontario Hockey League players
People from London, Ontario
Philadelphia Flyers players
United States Hockey League players
Vancouver Canucks players
Paul O'Neill

Paul O'Neill (February 23, 1956 – April 5, 2017) was an American music composer, lyricist, producer, and songwriter.

O'Neill's death was announced in a brief note posted on the Trans-Siberian Orchestra website on April 5, 2017, which cited chronic illness.

Trans-Siberian Orchestra
 1996 - Christmas Eve and Other Stories
 1998 - The Christmas Attic
 2000 - Beethoven's Last Night
 2004 - The Lost Christmas Eve
 2009 - Night Castle
 2012 - Beethoven's Last Night - The Complete Narrated Version
 2012 - Dreams of Fireflies (On a Christmas Night) - EP
 2015 - Letters From the Labyrinth

References

1956 births
2017 deaths
Disease-related deaths in Florida
American songwriters
American composers
Writers from New York City
Arthur Bisguier

Arthur Bernard Bisguier (October 8, 1929–April 5, 2017) was an American chess Grandmaster, chess promoter, and writer.

Early life
Bisguier was born in New York City. He studied at Bronx High School of Science.

Career
Bisguier has won two U.S. Junior Championships (1948, 1949), three U.S. Open Chess Championship titles (1950, 1956, 1959), and the 1954 United States Chess Championship title. He played for the United States in five chess Olympiads. He also played in two Interzonal tournaments (1955, 1962). 

On March 18, 2005, the United States Chess Federation (USCF) proclaimed him "Dean of American Chess".

Bisguier has been a regular contributor to Chess Life magazine. In 2003 he wrote a book on his best games from 1945–60 titled The Art of Bisguier.

Death
Bisguier died on April 5, 2017 in Framingham, Massachusetts from respiratory failure, aged 87.

References

Other websites
 Biography

1929 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from respiratory failure
Disease-related deaths in Massachusetts
American chess players
Sportspeople from New York City
Molybdenum disulfide

Molybdenum disulfide is an inorganic compound. It is made of molybdenum and sulfur. The chemical formula is .

It is used as a dry lubricant.

Chemical compounds
Frisco, Texas

Frisco is a city in the Collin and Denton counties in Texas. It is in the area of Dallas-Fort Worth. The city is 25 miles north of Dallas Love Field and Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport. Some Frisco ISD form area about Ohio Drive School like Frisco High School

References

Cities in Collin County, Texas
Heterosexism

Heterosexism is the belief that only men and women should have sex, or that only men and women should love each other as more than a friend or family member. It is also the belief that sex and love between men and women is better than other types of sex and love. Heterosexism is not just something a single person can believe but is taught by society and culture. Heterosexist beliefs can cause people to act unfairly towards people who are gay, lesbian, bisexual, or asexual.

Heterosexism is related to homophobia and biphobia in the same way that sexism is related to misogyny and transphobia.

Related pages
 Adam and Steve (anti-gay slogan)
 Heteronormativity
Cissexism
Monosexism

Discrimination
Sexuality
Chrystia Freeland

Christina Alexandra "Chrystia" Freeland (born August 2, 1968 in Peace River, Alberta) is a Canadian politician of the Liberal Party of Canada. She has been the Deputy Prime Minister of Canada since 2019.

Freeland has been a member of parliament since 2013. From 2015 to 2017 she was also minister of trade and the minister of foreign affairs from 2017 to 2019.

Previously she was a freelance journalist. She has written several non-fiction books.

Notes

References

Other websites

 Official Twitter

1968 births
Living people
Canadian journalists
Canadian writers
Government ministers
People from Alberta
Deputy Prime Ministers of Canada
Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Ontario