County Durham

County Durham is a county in north-east England. There are four different types of county:

 the historic County of Durham
 the administrative county of Durham
 the ceremonial county of Durham
 the non-metropolitan county of Durham

Its county town is Durham.

The form of the county name is unique in England. Many counties are named after their principal town, and the expected form here would be Durhamshire. But County Durham did not become a Shire/County until after the language of government was changed from Anglo-Saxon to Norman French in 1066. Previous to that it was a semi-independent Bishopric.
Durham County Council promotes the non-metropolitan county for tourism purposes as "The Land of the Prince Bishops" in reference to the former palatine jurisdiction of the bishops.

Definitions

Historic County 
The historic county covered from the Pennines in the west, the River Tees in the south, the North Sea in the east and the Rivers Tyne and Derwent in the north.

The county several had a number of exclaves: Bedlingtonshire, Islandshire and Norhamshire within  Northumberland, and Craikshire within the North Riding of Yorkshire. The historic boundaries were used for parliamentary purposes until 1832, and for law courts and local government until the Counties (Detached Parts) Act 1844, which merged most remaining exclaves with their surrounding county.

Administrative county 
In 1889, under the Local Government Act 1888 England and Wales was divided into administrative counties and county boroughs. Administrative counties, governed by an elected county council, were based on the historic boundaries, less larger towns which became self-governing as county boroughs.

In 1889 the administrative county of Durham consisted of the historic county less the county boroughs of Gateshead, South Shields and Sunderland. The boundary with the North Riding of Yorkshire was adjusted: the part of the town of Barnard Castle that was in Yorkshire was added to County Durham, but the part of the Borough of Stockton-on-Tees in Durham was given to the North Riding. For all non-administrative purposes, such as lieutenancy, the County of Durham comprised the administrative county and associated county boroughs.

Over its existence, the administrative county lost territory, both to the existing county boroughs, and also due to the creation of county boroughs at West Hartlepool in 1902 and Darlington in 1915. In 1967 the borough of Hartlepool was removed from the administrative county when it merged with West Hartlepool to form a new county borough of Hartlepool, and in 1968 Billingham was included within the boundaries of the county borough of Teesside, associated with the North Riding.

The administrative county was abolished in 1974.

Non-metropolitan county 
In 1974 Durham was divided between three counties.  The boroughs of Hartlepool and Stockton-on-Tees became a part of the new non-metropolitan county of Cleveland.  The metropolitan county of Tyne and Wear became responsible for Gateshead, Sunderland and South Tyneside. The new non-metropolitan county of Durham also covered the former area of Startforth Rural District, a part of the historic North Riding of Yorkshire, and south of the historical boundary of the River Tees.

The Department for Communities and Local Government has said that the seven district councils and the County Council will be abolished and a new unitary authority for the whole of the existing County Council area will be created. The change will be on 1 April 2009 at the latest. The successful Durham County Council bid referred to the new authority as County Durham Council.

Ceremonial county 
In 1997 the non-metropolitan county (including unitary Darlington), together with that part of the former county of Cleveland north of the River Tees became a ceremonial county. Lord-lieutenants and high sheriffs are appointed to the ceremonial county of Durham.  they have no job  in local government.

Settlements 

This is a list of the main towns in County Durham. The area covered is the entire ceremonial county, hence the inclusion of towns which are no longer administered by Durham County Council. 
 Barnard Castle, Billingham, Bishop Auckland
 Chester-le-Street, Consett
 Crook
 Darlington
 Durham
 Ferryhill
 Hartlepool
 Newton Aycliffe
 Peterlee
 Seaham
 Sedgefield
 Spennymoor
 Stanley
 Stockton-on-Tees
 Willington

Places of interest 

 Auckland Castle, Bishop Auckland 
 Barnard Castle  
 Beamish Museum, in Stanley   
 Bowes Museum, in Barnard Castle  
 Causey Arch, near Stanley
 Durham Cathedral and Castle, a World Heritage Site
 Escomb Saxon Church, near Bishop Auckland
 Finchale Priory, near Durham city 
 Hamsterley Forest
 Hardwick Hall Country Park  near Sedgefield
 High Force and Low Force waterfalls, on the River Tees 
 Killhope Wheel, part of the North of England Lead Mining Museum in Weardale 
 Locomotion railway museum, in Shildon  
 No Place, near Stanley
 Pity Me
 Raby Castle, near Staindrop
 Tanfield Railway, in Tanfield

References

Other websites 
 Durham County Council
 Spennymoor Local History
 One North East guides & brochures 
 Guided Walks Programme from Durham County Council 

 
Ceremonial counties of England