cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Paracanthurus

Paracanthurus is a genus of surgeonfish. It contains a single member species, Paracanthurus hepatus. It is often called a Palette Tang. It lives in the Indian Ocean and the western and central Pacific Ocean. It is a popular fish in marine aquariums.

Description
The Palette Tang has a royal blue body, a yellow tail, and a black area that looks like an artist's palette. The lower body is yellow in the west-central Indian Ocean. It grows to 30 cm (12 in.). This fish has a flat shape, like a pancake, with a circular body shape, a pointed snout-like nose, and small scales. The Palette Tang has 9 spines on its back. It also has 3 spines on the bottom near the tail. Other names this species is known by include regal tang, palette surgeonfish, blue tang (sometimes confused with the Atlantic Acanthurus coeruleus), royal blue tang, hippo tang, flagtail surgeonfish, pacific regal blue tang and blue surgeonfish.

Range
The species' range is broad. It can be found throughout the tropical waters of the Indian Ocean and the western and central Pacific Ocean. It is also found in the seas connecting the two oceans. It is seen in reefs of East Africa, Japan, Samoa, New Caledonia, and the Great Barrier Reef. They live in pairs or in a small groups of up to 10 or 12 individuals. These fish reach sexual maturity at 9–12 months of age. The Palette Tang is one of the most common and most popular Marine Aquarium fish all over the world. In an aquarium they must be given more space or they will act aggressively towards each other.

Diet
As a young fish it eats mostly plankton.  Adults fish are omnivorous and feed on plankton and algae. Spawning occurs during late afternoon and evening hours. While it is spawning the fish's color changes from an even dark blue to a pale blue.

References

Other websites
 Tangs and Surgeonfish
 E.J. Peiker, Palette Tang
 Palette Surgeonfish (a.k.a. Pacific Blue Tang or Yellowtail Surgeonfish), Toledo Zoo 

Perciformes
John Horsley (actor)

John L. Horsley (21 July 1920 – 12 January 2014) was an English actor. He was known for his role on Hell Drivers (1957) and for his role as Doc Morrissey in the BBC sitcom The Fall and Rise of Reginald Perrin. 

Horsley died on 12 January 2014 from natural causes.

References

Other websites

1920 births
2014 deaths
Actors from Essex
Deaths from natural causes
English movie actors
English stage actors
English television actors
Anjali Devi

Anjali Devi () ; 24 August 1927 – 13 January 2014) was a Telugu and Tamil actress and movie producer. She was known for her role as Sita in Lava Kusha and roles in movies like Suvarna Sundari and Anarkali.

She died at the age of 86 on 13 January 2014. She died at Vijaya Hospital in Chennai from multiple organ failure.

References

Other websites
 
 Golden Nandi for Krishnaveni

1927 births
2014 deaths
Deaths from multiple organ failure
Indian movie actors
Indian movie producers
People of British India
Mihai Fotino

Mihai Matei Fotino (also known as Mișu Fotino; 14 September 1930 – 13 January 2014) was a Romanian actor. He appeared in over 100 movies. Fotino's career lasted for 70 years.

He was awarded the Romanian Order of Cultural Merit in 1967 and 2004.

Fotino died on 13 January 2014 in Bucharest from a heart attack. He was aged 83.

Movies
Directorul nostru (1955)
Telegrame (1959)
Porto-Franco (1961)
Codine (1963)
Politică și delicatese (1963)
 Titanic vals (1964) - Dinu
Amprenta (1967)
Balul de sâmbătă seara (1968)
Elixirul tinereții (1975)
Tufă de Veneția (1977)
Chirița la Iași (1987)
Sexy Harem Ada-Kaleh (2001)

References

Other websites

1930 births
2014 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Entertainers from Bucharest
Romanian movie actors
Romanian television actors
Romanian stage actors
Harry Caray

Harry Caray (Harry Christopher Carabina; March 1, 1914 – February 18, 1998) was an American baseball broadcaster on radio and television. He covered four baseball teams; St. Louis Cardinals, Oakland Athletics, Chicago White Sox and for the Chicago Cubs. He was known for broadcasting for the Chicago Cubs for sixteen years. He is the father of Skip Caray.

Caray died from a cardiac arrest after hitting his head on a dinner table. This was on February 18, 1998 in Rancho Mirage, California. He was 83 years old. He was soon buried in Des Plaines, Illinois.

References

Other websites

 Harry Caray's Restaurant website. Includes biographical details and pictures.
 Baseball Hall of Fame - Frick Award recipient 
 Preview of "Holy Cow" Harry's Book, and life 
 Hello Again Everybody  The Harry Caray Documentary

1914 births
1998 deaths
Deaths from cardiac arrest
American radio personalities
People with foods named after them
Sportspeople from St. Louis, Missouri
Deaths from head injury
Kang Young-hoon

Kang Young-Hoon (May 30, 1922 – May 10, 2016) was a South Korean politician. He was the Prime Minister of South Korea from 5 December 1988 until 27 December 1990, and acting Prime Minister until 16 December 1988.

References

1922 births
2016 deaths
Prime Ministers of South Korea
Anker Jørgensen

Anker Henrik Jørgensen (13 July 1922 – 20 March 2016) was a Danish politician. He served as the Prime Minister of Denmark from 1972 to 1973, then again from 1975 to 1982. He was also the Minister of Foreign Affairs.

Jørgensen was born on 13 July 1922 in Copenhagen. He died in Copenhagen at the age of 93.

References

Other websites
 Anker Jørgensen fansite
 "Plads til os alle" profile
 Jørgensen, Anker Henrik at Leksikon.org

1922 births
2016 deaths
Prime Ministers of Denmark
Politicians from Copenhagen
Miloš Jakeš

Miloš Jakeš (August 12, 1922 – July 10, 2020) was a Czechoslovak politician. He was the first General Secretary of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia from 1987 until 1989. He resigned from his position in late November 1989, during the so-called "Velvet Revolution".

Jakeš died on July 10, 2020 at the age of 97.

References

Other websites
 Parts of the speech in Červený Hrádek (audio) 
 Projev Miloše Jakeše na Červeném Hrádku v Archivu ČT24  — parts of the video recording of the speech in Červený Hrádek 

1922 births
2020 deaths
Presidents of Czechoslovakia
Parker

Parker is an American action crime thriller movie. It is about betrayal and revenge. Jason Statham plays Parker, a thief. Jennifer Lopez plays Leslie Rodgers. Patti LuPone plays Ascension.

The movie was released on January 25, 2013 (one day earlier in Las Vegas). Reviews for the movie were mixed. The movie made US$11 million beyond its budget of $35 million. However, it was not very successful in the United States box office.

2013 action movies
2013 crime movies
2013 thriller movies
2010s action thriller movies
2010s crime thriller movies
English-language movies
Movies set in Chicago, Illinois
Movies set in Florida
Movies set in Ohio
Murder in movies
Killer Elite

Killer Elite is a melodramatic action-thriller movie. It was released in 2011. It is about assassins during the early 1980s in several countries. Jason Statham plays Danny Bryce, Robert De Niro plays Hunter.

This movie got mixed to negative reviews by critics. Roger Ebert gave it three out of four stars, calling it "impressive".

2010s crime thriller movies
2010s crime drama movies
2011 movies
Puebloan peoples

The Pueblo people are a group of Native American people who live in the southwestern part of the United States. They speak several different native languages. They are split into two major cultures, based on different systems of kinship. When the Spanish arrived in the 16th century, they were living in communities that the Spanish called pueblos, meaning "towns". Today there are 21 pueblos remaining. The main pueblos are located in the states of New Mexico and Arizona.

References 

Native American
Ethnic groups in the United States
Nadya Suleman

Nadya Denise Suleman (or Natalie Denise Suleman; born on July 11, 1975), called Octomom in the media, is an American mother. She came to worldwide attention in January 2009 when she gave birth to octuplets (eight babies).

Public reaction became very negative, however, when it was discovered she already had six children and was not employed. She also received welfare. Suleman conceived the octuplets through in vitro fertilization.

Suleman is also a dancer.

References

People from California
American dancers
1975 births
Living people
Loki (comics)

Loki is a fictional villain who appears in comic books by Marvel Comics. He has a range of superpowers, and is therefore called a "supervillain". His powers consist of shape-shifting and also some sorcery.  He is based on the god Loki from Norse mythology. The character first appeared historically in Venus No. 6 (August 1949). The character was created by Stan Lee, Larry Lieber and Jack Kirby.

Loki is the brother and enemy of Thor. In the Marvel Cinematic Universe, Loki is one of the main characters and one of the most iconic characters of the franchise. He's initially a villain but later he becomes an antihero. The character Loki is played by Tom Hiddleston. In the movies, Loki is said to be Thor's brother (therefore Odin's son), only to discover he was adopted and is in fact a Jötunn and son of King Laufey, ruler of Jötunheim.

Marvel Comics supervillains
Fictional characters introduced in the 1940s
Division of Riverina

The Division of Riverina is an Australian electoral division in the state of New South Wales. It is located in south-west rural New South Wales, generally following the Murrumbidgee River valley. It was one of the original 75 divisions set up for the first Australian federal election in 1901. It was named after the Riverina region in which it is located. 

The division includes the cities of Wagga Wagga and Griffith and the towns of Coleambally, Coolamon, Gundagai, Hillston,Junee, Leeton, Narrandera, Temora, Tumut, Tumbarumba and West Wyalong. The Sturt Highway runs along the length of the division.

History
There was a by-election in Riverina in 1904. Robert Blackwood won the seat by only a few votes from John Chanter. The results were challenged in the courts and a new election was held in which Chanter won the seat. There was another by-election in 1965 after Hugh Roberton resigned.
In the 1984  the division was abolished and replaced by the Division of Riverina-Darling. In 1992 the division was re-created.

Originally the division included the  Labor-voting mining towns of Broken Hill and Cobar, but these are now in the divisions of Farrer and Parkes. This has made Riverina a safe National Party seat.

Members

Al Grassby was the Minister for Immigration in the Whitlam government.

Election results
 2004 election results
 2007 election results
 2010 election results
 2013 election results

References

Other websites
 Division of Riverina - Australian Electoral Commission

Electoral divisions of Australia
New South Wales
1901 establishments in Australia
1984 disestablishments in Australia
1992 establishments in Australia
Nonverbal learning disorder

A nonverbal learning disorder (or nonverbal learning disability), or NVLD, is a neurological problem. It can cause lower verbal skills, lower motor, social skills and other areas. A person with NVLD also has problems in non-verbal problem solving, understanding humor and rote learning (remembering something by repeating it).

NVLD is linked with autism spectrum disorders, mostly autism or Asperger's. Most people with either high-functioning autism or Asperger fit this actual type. This condition, though, is also tied to depression and anxiety.

Nonverbal learning disabilities affect one in ten learning disabled children.

References

Neurology
Learning
Red snapper

Red snapper (Lutjanus campechanus) is a fish from the western Atlantic Ocean. They are game fish. They live in the Gulf of Mexico and off the coast of the Southeastern United States. They live as far north as Massachusetts and Rhode Island, though this is far less common.

Some species sold as red snapper may be other fish in the family. The red snapper can be served in various ways for food.

Edible fish
Perciformes
Ed Schultz

Edward Schultz (January 27, 1954 – July 5, 2018) was an American television and radio host. His shows are about liberal politics. He had been a conservative before becoming liberal. He hosts The Ed Show on MSNBC and Ed Schultz Show on the radio.

He was born in Norfolk, Virginia. He hosted at many local stations in Fargo, North Dakota and its nearby areas.

In the 2016 presidential election, Schultz endorsed U.S. Senator Bernie Sanders for President of the United States.

Schultz died on July 5, 2018 in Washington, D.C., aged 64.

References

American radio personalities
American television personalities
American political commentators
Television talk show hosts
American progressives
People from Norfolk, Virginia
1954 births
2018 deaths
Corkscrew

A corkscrew is a tool which is used to open wine bottles. It is inserted into the cork and used to pull the cork out of the wine bottle. Corkscrews are needed because the cork cannot be gripped otherwise.

Basic wine tool 

In 1732 an anonymous poem shows just how far a man was willing to go to open a bottle of wine: 

With the popularity of wine today, a corkscrew is a common item in kitchens, pubs (bars) and restaurants. It takes between 50 and 100 pounds of force to remove a cork from a wine bottle.

History 

The basic design of a corkscrew is been based on a tool called a gun worm. This was used by a musketeer to remove an unfired bullet from a musket's barrel. In the 1800s, many manufacturers that made gun worms also made corkscrews. The first patented corkscrew in England was by Samuel Henshall in 1795. In 1883 a flat, lever-style corkscrew called the waiter's friend was invented in Germany by Karl Wienke. It is commonly used in restaurants today.

References

Other websites 

 How to use a corkscrew, wikiHow

Food utensils
Tools
Ronan Farrow

Ronan Farrow (born Satchel Ronan O'Sullivan Farrow; December 19, 1987) is an American activist. He is the son of actress Mia Farrow. It is not known who his father is - it may be filmmaker Woody Allen or singer Frank Sinatra. He was born in New York City. He has written for The Guardian, The Wall Street Journal, and other newspapers.

References

1987 births
Living people
American activists
People from New York City
Woody Allen
John Button

John Button (27 July 1943 – 12 January 2014) was an English Rallycross driver. He was also the father of 2009 Formula One World Champion Jenson Button. His best overall results were both in 1976. He finished second in the Embassy/RAC-MSA British Rallycross and TEAC/Lydden Rallycross championships that year. 

Button was born in London. He died at his home in the south of France on 12 January 2014. It was suspected to be a heart attack. He was aged 70.

References

1943 births
2014 deaths
British racecar drivers
Cardiovascular disease deaths in France
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Sportspeople from London
Chris Elliott

Christopher Nash "Chris" Elliott (born May 31, 1960) is an American actor, comedian, author, screenwriter, and television director. He is known for his roles in Cabin Boy, There's Something About Mary, Scary Movie 2, and in Groundhog Day.

References

Other websites

Audio interview on The Sound of Young America: MP3 Link
Boilerplate meets Chris Elliott 

1960 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
American screenwriters
American television directors
American television personalities
Actors from New York City
Writers from New York City
Comedians from New York City
Division of Robertson

The Division of Robertson is an Australian electoral division in the state of New South Wales. It was one of the 75 divisions  set up for the first federal election in 1901. It was named after Sir John Robertson, the fifth Premier of New South Wales.

The division is located on the coast north of the Hawkesbury River. It includes the towns of Woy Woy, Gosford and Terrigal.

Members

Roger Dean resigned in 1964 to become the Administrator of the Northern Territory. Barry Cohen was the Minister for Home Affairs and the Environment from 1983 to 1984 and then Minister for Arts, Heritage and the Environment until 1987 in the Hawke government.

Election results
 2004 election results
 2007 election results
 2010 election results
 2013 election results

References

Other websites
 Division of Robertson - Australian Electoral Commission

Electoral divisions of Australia
New South Wales
1901 establishments in Australia
Bob Elliott

Robert Brackett "Bob" Elliott (March 26, 1923 – February 2, 2016) was an American actor and comedian. He was known for acting in the comedy duo of Bob and Ray. He is the father of comedian/actor Chris Elliott and the grandfather of former Saturday Night Live cast member Abby Elliott.

Elliott was born on March 26, 1923 in Boston, Massachusetts. He died at his home in Cundy Harbor, Maine from throat cancer on February 2, 2016 at the age of 92.

References

Other websites

Larry Josephson's official Bob and Ray site
Portland Monthly: Elliott family life in Maine
New York Times article about the Elliot family

1923 births
2016 deaths
Deaths from throat cancer
American movie actors
American television actors
American radio personalities
Comedians from Boston, Massachusetts
Actors from Boston, Massachusetts
Scary Movie

Scary Movie is an American comedy movie. It is a parody of a horror movie. It is directed by Keenan Ivory Wayans. It stars Anna Faris, Jon Abrahams, Shannon Elizabeth, Regina Hall, Marlon Wayans, Shawn Wayans and Carmen Electra. It was released to mixed reviews on July 7, 2000. It was followed by four sequels: Scary Movie 2, Scary Movie 3, Scary Movie 4 and Scary Movie 5.

Other websites 

2000 comedy movies
2000 horror movies
2000s parody movies
American comedy movies
American horror movies
American parody movies
Comedy horror movies
Buena Vista International movies
English-language movies
Mishon Ratliff

Mishon Ratliff (born February 3, 1993), also simply called Mishon, is an American singer, dancer and actor. Ratliff is best known for his role as Taylor "Tay" Sutton on the ABC Family television series Lincoln Heights. He has appeared on music television broadcast such as Soul Train, America's Most Talented Kid, The Mo'Nique Show and 106 & Park. As well as being an actor, Mishon is a musician who plays the keyboard and both acoustic and electric guitar.

Discography

Studio albums

Independent albums

Extended plays

Mixtapes

Singles

As lead artist

As featured artist

Filmography

Films

Television

Theatre

References

Other websites 
 Official Website 
 
 
 Mishon's YouTube

1993 births
Living people
American musicians
American television actors
People from Los Angeles
Juan Gelman

Juan Gelman (3 May 1930 – 14 January 2014) was an Argentine poet of Jewish descent. He published more than twenty books of poetry. He began publishing in 1956. He won the Cervantes Prize in 2007.

Gelman died on 14 January 2014 in Mexico City from heart failure. He was aged 83.

References

Other websites
  Todo sobre la poesía de Juan Gelman
  La bitácora de Gelman 
 Poemas de Juan Gelman
  Obras de Juan Gelman, Solo Literatura 
  Speciale di EL MUNDO su Juan Gelman

1930 births
2014 deaths
Argentine Jews
Argentine writers
Deaths from heart failure
Jewish writers
People from Buenos Aires
Poets
Sammy Lee (diver)

Dr. Samuel "Sammy" Lee (August 1, 1920 – December 2, 2016) was an Korean-American diver. He was the first Asian-American to win an Olympic gold medal for the United States in 1948.

Lee was born in Fresno, California. He was raised in San Francisco, California. Lee studied at the Occidental College in Los Angeles and studied briefly at the University of Southern California.

He was also the first man to win gold medals "back-to-back" in Olympic platform diving. This means he won a second gold medal for the same event in the next Olympics, in 1952.

Lee, who suffered from dementia and heart disease, died of complications from pneumonia on December 2, 2016 at his home in Newport Beach, California, aged 96.

References

Other websites
 Sammy Lee on hickoksports.com 
 Sixteen Years in Sixteen Seconds: The Sammy Lee Story written by Paula Yoo, illustrated by Dom Lee, (LEE & LOW BOOKS, 2005), . The inspirational true story of Sammy Lee, a Korean American who overcame discrimination to realize both his father’s desire that he become a doctor and his own dream of becoming an Olympic champion diver.
 Sammy Lee's profile at Sports Reference.com 

1920 births
2016 deaths
Deaths from pneumonia
Divers
Sportspeople from San Francisco
People from Fresno, California
About Time (movie)

About Time is a romantic drama movie. It is about a man, played by Domhnall Gleeson, who can time travel. It is set in Cornwall and London. Rachel McAdams plays Mary, and Margot Robbie plays Charlotte. The movie was rated R by MPAA mostly for profanity.

About Time was released in the United Kingdom on September 4, 2013 and the United States on November 1, 2013.

2013 drama movies
2013 romance movies
2010s romantic drama movies
British romantic drama movies
Cornwall
English-language movies
Movies set in London
Time travel movies
Inside Llewyn Davis

Inside Llewyn Davis is a comedy-drama movie. It is about the title character living life in the 1960s in New York City. Carey Mulligan plays Jean, John Goodman plays Roland. This movie was rated R for profanity and sexual references.

The movie was released December 6, 2013 in limited, January 10, 2014 elsewhere.

2013 comedy-drama movies
American comedy-drama movies
British drama movies
French drama movies
Movies set in New York City
Other People's Money

Other People's Money is a 1991 American romantic comedy-drama movie. The movie is about a successful corporate raider, Lawrence Garfield, who has become rich buying companies and selling their assets. Garfield has just decided on New England Wire and Cable as his next focus. The company is run by Andrew Jorgensen. Danny DeVito plays the raider, Lawrence Garfield. Piper Laurie plays Bea Sullivan. Penelope Ann Miller plays the lawyer Kate. The movie was released by Warner Bros.

It was released October 18, 1991. Reviews were mixed.

Other websites 

1991 romance movies
1991 comedy-drama movies
1990s romantic comedy movies
1990s romantic drama movies
American comedy-drama movies
American romantic comedy movies
American romantic drama movies
Movies directed by Norman Jewison
Hello I Must Be Going

Hello I Must be Going is a 2012 romantic comedy and drama movie. This movie is about problems with a family in Connecticut that force a very young woman to move back to live with her parents. Blythe Danner plays Ruth, Melanie Lynskey plays Amy. The movie was rated R for profanity by the Motion Picture Association of America.

This was released in September 2012 in the United States.

2010s romantic comedy movies
2012 comedy-drama movies
2010s romantic drama movies
2012 romance movies
American romantic comedy movies
American comedy-drama movies
American romantic drama movies
American independent movies
Division of Sydney

The Division of Sydney is an Australian electoral division in the state of New South Wales. It is named for Sydney, which itself was named after former British Home Secretary Thomas Townshend, 1st Viscount Sydney. It was set up for the 1969 election to replace the old Division of East Sydney and Division of West Sydney.

The division is located around Sydney, and includes the suburbs of Alexandria, Balmain, Beaconsfield, Birchgrove, Broadway, Chippendale, Darlington, Erskineville, Forest Lodge, Glebe, Haymarket, Millers Point, Pyrmont, Redfern, Rosebery, Surry Hills, The Rocks, Ultimo, Waterloo, Zetland and parts of Annandale, Camperdown, Newtown, and Rozelle. The islands in Port Jackson from Spectacle Island to the Sydney Heads are included as well as Lord Howe Island in the Tasman.

Members

Tanya Plibersek served in both the Rudd and Gillard governments as Minister for Health, Minister for Human Services and Minister for Housing. She has been Deputy Leader of the Opposition and Deputy Leader of the Labor Party since 2013.

Election results
 2004 election results
 2007 election results
 2010 election results
 2013 election results

References

Other websites
 Division of Sydney - Australian Electoral Commission
 Tanya Plibersek's web site

Electoral divisions of Australia
New South Wales
1968 establishments in Australia
Anu

In Sumerian mythology, Anu (also An) was a sky-god. He was the god of heaven, lord of constellations, and king of the gods, spirits and demons. He lived in the highest heavenly regions. People believed that he could judge people who had committed crimes. His attendant and minister of state was the god Ilabrat.

He was one of the oldest gods in the Sumerian religion. He was a part of a triad with Enlil (god of the air) and Enki (god of water). He was called Anu by the Akkadians in Babylonian culture. His Greek name is Uranos. The planet Uranus got its name from the Greek god Uranos.

Other websites
Ancient Mesopotamian Gods and Goddesses: An/Anu (God)

Gods and goddesses
Just a Girl

"Just a Girl" is a popular song by No Doubt. It was released in 1995. The song peaked at #23 on the Billboard Hot 100 around the United States. This helped No Doubt get into the mainstream music.

The single was released in the United Kingdom in 1996. It reached only #38. When "Don't Speak" was released, however, "Just a Girl" was released again and peaked at #3.

The song was featured in two movies in the 1990s.

1995 songs
No Doubt songs
Pop rock songs
Spiderwebs

"Spiderwebs" is a pop rock song by No Doubt. The lyrics are about a man who keeps calling Gwen and reciting bad poetry to her. It was released as a single in 1995. On the record charts it peaked near #5 three weeks after release.

Two separate music videos were made. One had exploding telephones. The other was set in a Japanese restaurant. Music Television (MTV) thought the telephone explosions were not good for young viewers to see, so they added more footage of the band.

1995 songs
Pop rock songs
No Doubt songs
Don't Speak

"Don't Speak" is a popular song by No Doubt. The lyrics are about heartache, pain and trouble in relationships. It was released as a single in 1995. The single did not chart on the Billboard Hot 100 (rules at the time required that a commercial single were released, one was not issued on the song). It did, however, reach #1 on Hot 100 Airplay for 16 weeks. The song also hit #1 in United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, the Netherlands and New Zealand.

This was the most successful international song from the group.

1996 songs
No Doubt songs
Pop rock songs
Al Suomi

Albert William Suomi (October 29, 1913 – September 23, 2014) was an American retired professional ice hockey player. He played as a left winger. He played a total of five games in the National Hockey League (NHL) with the Chicago Black Hawks during the 1936-37 season.

He played his final season in professional hockey with the Chicago Hornets of the Arena Hockey League. He retired in 1937. Since retiring, Suomi started a hardware store called "Al's Hardware" in Countryside, Illinois. This is now run by his children. He is currently the oldest living former NHL player since Louis Holmes died in March 2010.

References

Other websites 

American ice hockey players
Chicago Blackhawks players
2014 deaths
Sportspeople from Minnesota
1913 births
Allison Williams

Allison Williams (born April 13, 1988) is an American actress and comedian. She plays Marnie Michaels in the television drama Girls. She plays Jillian in The Mindy Project.

Allison Williams was born in New Canaan, Connecticut. Sources claim either 1987 or 1988 as her year of birth.

References

American television actors
American movie actors
Comedians from Connecticut
Actors from Connecticut
People from New Canaan, Connecticut
1988 births
Living people
Agent Orange (band)

Agent Orange is an American punk rock band. They are from Orange County, California. The band became well known after the release of their song "Bloodstains". This was released on their first extended play Bloodstains 7" E.P. The song was featured in the video game Tony Hawk's Pro Skater 4 in 2002. Their song "Bored of You" was featured on the Channel X radio station in the video game Grand Theft Auto V (2013).

Band members 
Current
Mike Palm - guitar, vocals (1979-present)
Perry Giordano - bass, vocals (2006-present)
Sandy Hansen - drums (2019-present)

Former
Scott Miller - drums (1979-1989)
Steve Soto - bass (1979)
James Levesque - bass (1979-1988)
Brent Liles - bass (1988-1992)
Derek O'Brien - drums (1989-1996)
Sam Bolle - bass (1992-2003)
Charlie Quintana - drums (1996)
Dave Klein - drums, vocals (2009-2018)

Discography

Albums
Living in Darkness (1981)
This Is The Voice (1986)
Virtually Indestructible (1996)

References

Other websites 
Official website

1970s American music groups
1980s American music groups
1990s American music groups
2000s American music groups
2010s American music groups
American punk bands
Musical groups from California
Musical groups established in 1979
1979 establishments in California
Criminal law

Criminal law is the part of law that is about social norms. People who violate these norms are punished for their violation. It is different from civil law. Criminal law wants to protect certain values, such as life and limb, or property. 

Criminal law has different objectives:		
Retribution – Criminals ought to suffer in some way. This is the most widely seen goal. Because of what they did, they profited from others, or they caused harm to them. As a consequence, criminal law will put criminals at some unpleasant disadvantage to "balance the scales". People submit to the law to receive the right not to be murdered and if other people act against these laws, they surrender the rights granted to them by these law. For this reason, one who murders may be executed himself. A related theory includes the idea of "righting the balance."
Deterrence – Individual deterrence is aimed toward the specific offender. The aim is to impose a sufficient penalty to discourage the offender from criminal behavior. General deterrence aims at society at large. By imposing a penalty on those who commit offenses, other people are discouraged from committing those offenses.
Incapacitation – Designed simply to keep criminals away from society so that the public is protected from their misconduct. This is often achieved through prison sentences today.  The death penalty or banishment have served the same purpose.
Rehabilitation – Aims at transforming an offender into a valuable member of society. Its primary goal is to prevent further offense by convincing the offender that their conduct was wrong.
Restoration – This is a victim-oriented theory of punishment.  The goal is to repair, through state authority, any injury inflicted upon the victim by the offender. For example, one who embezzles will be required to repay the amount improperly acquired. Restoration is commonly combined with other main goals of criminal justice and is closely related to concepts in the civil law, i.e., returning the victim to his or her original position before the injury.

References 

Law
Criminal justice
Emmalyn Estrada

Emmalyn Estrada (born April 5, 1992) is a Canadian pop/R&B singer-songwriter, dancer, actress and musician. She sang hit songs such as "Get Down" in 2009.

Estrada was born in Vancouver, British Columbia. She is of Filipino descent.

Music video
 Emmalyn Estrada - "Don't Make Me Let You Go" (2010)

References

Musicians from British Columbia
Pop musicians
R&B musicians
Actors from British Columbia
1992 births
Living people
Loan shark

A loan shark is a person that sells loans with very high interest rates. People go to loan sharks for many reasons. It is often because no one else will lend them money. Loan sharks tend to ask for something beforehand, like someone's passport. Loan sharks are often illegal.

Loan sharks are called 'loan sharks' because they are like sharks; aggressive, angry, and greedy. They can do many illegal things to just get repayment, like kidnapping or even killing.

Economics
Organized crime
Thomas Mesereau

Thomas Arthur Mesereau, Jr. (born 1950) is an American lawyer. He is best known for defending Michael Jackson in his child molestation trial during 2005. He works with another lawyer called Susan Yu. Mesereau lives in Los Angeles.

Early life
He was born in New York.

Career
Mesereau started a free legal clinic in the Morningside United Church of Christ in Los Angeles. He wrote the foreword for Aphrodite Jones' book Michael Jackson Conspiracy (2007).

Awards
In 2005 the magazine GQ put him on their list of "Men of the Year".

References

1950 births
Lawyers from New York
Living people
Michael Jackson
Lawyers from Los Angeles
Free University of Berlin

The Freie Universität Berlin ("Free University of Berlin", often abbreviated as FU Berlin) is a university in Berlin. It is known for its research in the humanities and social sciences, as well as in the field of natural and life sciences.
The university was founded in Berlin-Dahlem, a district in the south west of Berlin during the time of the Cold War in 1948. Today, the university has three bigger campuses: the main campus Dahlem, the Campus Düppel with animal clinics and other institutes related to veterinary medicine and the Geocampus in Lankwitz, which is home to the Department of Earth Sciences. The medical department of the FU Berlin is part of the Charité - University Medicine Berlin, a joint institution with the Humboldt University.
The university library has a total of about 8.5 million volumes and is the biggest university library system in Germany. Freie Universität has over 400 partner universities all over the world, many of them through the ERASMUS programme. According to various international rankings, Freie Universität is one of the best universities in Germany. In 2007 (and 2012 again), the Freie Universität was one of eleven universities to be successful in the German Excellence Initiative, a national competition by the German government. University alumni include five Nobel Prize winners and 15 winners of the national Leibniz Prize.

Academics 
Freie Universität offers over 150 different subjects in 12 departments and three central institutes:
Department of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy
Department of Earth Sciences
Department of History and Cultural Studies
Department of Law
School of Business and Economics
Department of Mathematics and Computer Science
Department of Education and Psychology
Department of Philosophy and Humanities
Department of Physics
Department of Political and Social Science
Medical School: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin (shared with the Humboldt University Berlin)
Department of Veterinary Medicine

Interdisciplinary Central Institutes
John F. Kennedy Institute for North American Studies
Institute for Eastern European Studies
Institute for Latin American Studies

The Botanical Garden with over 22,000 different kinds of plants is one of the biggest in the world.

References

Other websites

Official Homepage
Berlin Mathematical School (BMS)
Berlin-Dahlem Botanical Garden

1948 establishments in Germany
Buildings and structures in Berlin
Colleges and universities in Germany
Education in Berlin
Shmuley Boteach

Shmuel "Shmuley" Boteach (born November 19, 1966 in Los Angeles) is an American Orthodox rabbi, politician and writer. He hosted a reality television series called Shalom in the Home on the TLC network.

2012 U.S. Congress run
Boteach ran for the U.S. House of Representatives in the 2012 elections. He received the support of then-House Majority Leader Eric Cantor in April. Boteach won the Republican primary for New Jersey's 9th congressional district seat on June 5, and lost to 8th District Representative Bill Pascrell in the November election, by a margin of 73.6% to 25.4%.

Personal life
Boteach is married to Debbie Boteach. He became friends with Michael Jackson in the 1990s. He was Jackson's Rabbi for two years.

References

Other websites
Official website

1966 births
Living people
American rabbis
Jewish American writers
American television presenters
American political writers
Jewish American politicians
Writers from New Jersey
Writers from Los Angeles
Politicians from Los Angeles
Politicians from New Jersey
US Republican Party politicians
Gloria Allred

Gloria Rachel Allred  (born July 3, 1941) is an American civil rights lawyer. She was born to a Jewish family. She is a feminist. Her book Fight Back and Win: My Thirty-Year Fight Against Injustice and How You Can Win Your Own Battles was published in 2007. Her daughter, Lisa Bloom, is also a lawyer.

Allred was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

References

1941 births
Living people
American feminists
American Jews
Lawyers from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Jewish feminists
Miami cannibal attack

The Miami cannibal attack happened on May 26, 2012. Rudy Eugene assaulted Ronald Poppo, a homeless man on the MacArthur Causeway in Miami, Florida, United States. Eugene bit off most of Poppo's face above his beard. The attack ended when Eugene was shot dead by a police officer. It is not known why the attack happened.

References

2012 crimes in the United States
2012 in Florida
Cannibal attack
Cannibalism
Crime in Florida
May 2012 events
Vesper bat

The Vesper bat is a species of bat belonging to the Microchiroptera family. It is the largest and most well-known species belonging to that family. The bats can be found in different parts of all continents except Antarctica. They are thought to have originally come from somewhere in North America.

Characteristics
The Vesper bat can range from  in length. They have brown or grey colored fur. Like most bats, the Vesper bat relies on echolocation to navigate in flight, and find its prey. This is very useful because they cannot see, and live in caves or other dark, empty, damp areas.

References

Bats
A Time for Choosing

A Time for Choosing (also called The Speech) was a speech made by Ronald Reagan in 1964 in Los Angeles. It was given during the campaign for the 1964 United States presidential election. He gave the speech on behalf of Republican candidate Barry Goldwater. Soon afterward, Reagan was asked to run for Governor of California.

References

Other websites
Transcript, audio, and video of the broadcast
Analysis of "The Speech", The History Channel
An American Life: The Autobiography 

1964 in the United States
1960s in Los Angeles, California
Speeches by Ronald Reagan
Reagan Doctrine

The Reagan Doctrine was a document by the United States under the Reagan Administration. It was about being against the global influence of the Soviet Union during the final years of the Cold War. The doctrine lasted for less than a decade, it was the most important document of United States foreign policy from the early 1980s until the end of the Cold War in 1991.

Official documents of the United States
Politics of the United States
Presidency of Ronald Reagan
Cold War
20th century in the United States
Jack Reagan

John Edward "Jack" Reagan (July 13, 1883 – May 18, 1941) was the father of United States President Ronald Reagan and his older brother Neil "Moon" Reagan. He was married to Nelle Wilson Reagan from 1904 until his death in 1941.

References

Other websites
 
 

1883 births
1941 deaths
Reagan family
People from Illinois
Neil Reagan

John Neil Reagan (September 16, 1908 – December 11, 1996) was an American business executive. He was the manager of a radio station. He was also a senior producer at CBS and senior vice president of McCann Erickson. He was the older brother of Ronald Reagan.

References

Other websites
 Harmer, John, Reagan: Man of Principle, Cedar Fort, 2002, 
 Watson, Robert W., White House Studies Compendium, Volume 1, Nova Publishers, 2007, 
 Yager, Edward M., Ronald Reagan's Journey: Democrat to Republican, Rowman & Littlefield, 2006, 

1908 births
1996 deaths
Reagan family
Businesspeople from Illinois
Tampico, Illinois
Nelle Wilson Reagan

Nelle Clyde Wilson Reagan (July 24, 1883 – July 25, 1962) was the mother of United States President Ronald Reagan and his older brother Neil "Moon" Reagan.

Nelle was of Scots-English ancestry. She met Jack Reagan in a farming town on the prairie of Illinois. The two were married in Fulton in November 1904. They had two children: Neil and Ronald Reagan. After the birth of her second son, Nelle was told not to have any more children. The Reagan family moved from Tampico to Chicago and many small towns in Illinois. Where they lived depended on where Jack was working.

Nelle died from complications of Alzheimer's disease. She died on July 25, 1962, aged 79. Her son, Ronald, would die of the same disease.

References

Other websites
 
 
 

1883 births
1962 deaths
Deaths from Alzheimer's disease
Reagan family
People from Illinois
Martha Coakley

Martha Mary Coakley (born July 14, 1953) is the Attorney General of Massachusetts. Before that, she was the District Attorney for Middlesex County, Massachusetts (1999-2007). She is a Democrat.

In 2010, Coakley was the Democratic nominee for the United States Senate in the special election to replace Ted Kennedy following his death, but lost to Republican Scott Brown.

Coakley was born in Pittsfield, Massachusetts.

References

Politicians from Massachusetts
Lawyers from Massachusetts
1953 births
Living people
Attorneys general
Attorney general

An attorney general is the main legal advisor for governments. In some areas, he or she might be also in charge of law enforcement and public prosecutions.

In United Kingdom, attorneys general are called Law Officers of the Crown.

Law
District attorney

In most areas of the United States, a district attorney is the elected or appointed official that prosecutes (makes a case against) criminal offenses.

In the United Kingdom, district attorneys are called Crown Prosecutors.

Law occupations
United States law
Adolf Dassler

Adolf "Adi" Dassler (3 November 1900 – 6 September 1978) was a German businessman and entrepreneur. He was born in Herzogenaurach. He started the sportswear company Adidas.

References

Other websites
 Biographie:Adidas 

1900 births
1978 deaths
Deaths from heart failure
German businesspeople
People from Bavaria
Yegor Ligachyov

Yegor Kuzmich Ligachev (, 29 November 1920 – 7 May 2021) was a Soviet politician. He was a high-ranking official in the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU). He was the Second Secretary of the Party when Mikhail Gorbachev was serving as General Secretary.

Ligachev was born on 29 November 1920 in Dubinkino. It is close to Novosibirsk. He died on 7 May 2021 in Moscow, aged 100.

References

More reading
Inside Gorbachev's Kremlin: The Memoirs of Yegor Ligachev. Pantheon Books: 1993 ()
Ligachev on Glasnost and Perestroika. Carl Beck Papers in Russian and East European Studies, no. 706: 1989.

Other websites

1920 births
2021 deaths
Soviet people
Russian politicians
Russian communists
South African Defence Force

The South African Defence Force (SADF) was the name of the South African military from 1957 to 1994. It replaced the Union Defence Force (UDF) in 1957. The SADF, in turn, was replaced by the South African National Defence Force (SANDF) in 1994.

The South African Defence Force had four branches: the South African Army, the South African Navy, the South African Air Force, and, the South African Medical Service.

The SADF implemented conscription of  white South Africans. However, black, Indian, and Coloured South Africans could serve in the SADF as volunteers.

Within South Africa, the SADF was used to suppress opposition to apartheid, often directly supporting the South African Police. South African military units were also involved in the Angolan Civil War an the side of the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA) and Angolan rebel leader Jonas Savimbi. The SADF was also deployed during the related South African border and Namibian independence wars.

Nuclear weapons 
South Africa was the only country in Africa to have nuclear weapons, but these weapons were destroyed by the South African government during the transition to democracy. South Africa has not built nuclear weapons since.

Integration 
With the a multiracial democracy introduced to South Africa in 1994, the SADF was merged with the defence forces of several formerly "independent" homelands, as well as the ANC's Umkhonto we Sizwe (Spear of the Nation), the PAC's Azanian People's Liberation Army (APLA), and the self-protection units of the Inkatha Freedom Party (IPA). The new South African military became known as the South African National Defence Force.

References

Defence Force
1957 establishments in Africa
1994 disestablishments
20th-century establishments in South Africa
20th-century disestablishments in South Africa
1990s disestablishments in Africa
Joanna Lumley

Joanna Lumley (born 1 May 1946) is an English former model and actress. She played Charlotte in the movie Late Bloomers. She also played Mary Smiling in Cold Comfort Farm. She has acted more often on television than in movies. Her best known acting role is Patsy Stone in the BBC sitcom Absolutely Fabulous. She has a distinctive and recognisable voice that’s often heard on voiceover work.  

Lumley was born to British parents in British India. She was raised in Kent, England.

References

Other websites

1946 births
Living people
Actors from Kent
Actresses who played Bond girls
English movie actors
English television actors
English television presenters
Television personalities from Kent
Katarina Čas

Katarina Čas (born September 23, 1976) is a Slovenian actress. She played Sophie in the movie Imagine (2014). She played Gabriela in the comedy movie The Guard (2011).

Early life
Čas was born in the former Republic of Yugoslavia.

References

Television actors
Movie actors
1976 births
Living people
Slovenian actors
Jon Bing

Jon Bing (30 April 1944 – 15 January 2014) was a Norwegian writer and law professor. He was a professor at the Norwegian Research Center for Computers and Law (NRCCL), and the Faculty of Law at the University of Oslo.

Bing was born on 30 April 1944 in Tønsberg. He died on 15 January 2014, at the age of 69, in Oslo. He died from a stroke.

References

Other websites

 
 

1944 births
2014 deaths
Deaths from stroke
Norwegian writers
Norwegian academics
Dominique McElligott

Dominique McElligott (5 October 1986) is an Irish actress. She appears in mostly independent movies. She played Joy Dietz in Not Fade Away. She also played Emily in Dark Floors.

McElligott was born in Dublin, Ireland.

References

Irish television actors
Irish movie actors
1986 births
Living people
Actors from Dublin
Ivar Giaever

Ivar Giaever (; born April 5, 1929) is a Norwegian-American physicist. He shared the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1973 with Leo Esaki and Brian Josephson. They were awarded it for their discoveries about the tunnelling phenomena in solids. He is a professor at the University of Oslo.

References

Other websites

 Interview with Professor Ivar Giaever, from the Official Nobel Prize Website
 Biography and Bibliographic Resources, from the Office of Scientific and Technical Information, United States Department of Energy
 University of Oslo website about Ivar Giaever
 Applied Biophysics Website
 Family genealogy

1929 births
Living people
Naturalized citizens of the United States
Norwegian physicists
Norwegian academics
Norwegian Nobel Prize winners
Duke Cunningham

Randall "Duke" Cunningham (born December 8, 1941) is a former member of the United States House of Representatives. He served the 50th Congressional District of California from 1991 to 2005 as a Republican. He is also used to work in the United States Navy.

Scandals ended his political career. Duke Cunningham pleaded guilty to tax evasion, conspiracy to commit bribery and other charges. He was then sentenced to prison in Tucson, Arizona. He was released from prison in February 2013. He then moved to New Orleans to spend time inside a halfway house.

References

Politicians from California
US Republican Party politicians
1941 births
Living people