cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Coaxial cable

A Coaxial cable is a special electrical cable. It is used to transmit signals. The cable is specially insulated. This makes it quite stiff. Today, coaxial cables are used for things like Cable TV. Coaxial cables can also be used for computer networks, but this became rare in the 21st century, as twisted pair cables can be used more easily. 

Such cables are usually made of a conducting wire. Then there is some insulation, then there is another layer of conducting material. Finally there is the (insulating) mantle. Such cables are used as a high-frequency transmission line to carry a high-frequency or broadband signal. Because the electromagnetic field carrying the signal exists (ideally) only in the space between the inner and outer conductors, it cannot interfere with or suffer interference from external electromagnetic fields.

There are different types of coaxial cables, which satisfy different standards.

Timeline 
1880 — Coaxial cable patented in England by Oliver Heaviside, patent no. 1,407.
1884 — Siemens & Halske patent coaxial cable in Germany (Patent No. 28,978, 27 March 1884).
1894 — Oliver Lodge demonstrates waveguide transmission at the Royal Institution.
1929 — First modern coaxial cable patented by Lloyd Espenschied and Herman Affel of AT&T's Bell Telephone Laboratories.
1936 — First closed circuit transmission of TV pictures on coaxial cable, from the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin to Leipzig.
1936 — World's first underwater coaxial cable installed between Apollo Bay, near Melbourne, Australia, and Stanley, Tasmania. The 300 km cable can carry one 8.5-kHz broadcast channel and seven telephone channels.
1936 — AT&T installs experimental coaxial telephone and television cable between New York and Philadelphia, with automatic booster stations every ten miles. Completed in December, it can transmit 240 telephone calls simultaneously.
1936 — Coaxial cable laid by the General Post Office (now BT) between London and Birmingham, providing 40 telephone channels.
1941 — First commercial use in USA by AT&T, between Minneapolis, Minnesota and Stevens Point, Wisconsin. L1 system with capacity of one TV channel or 480 telephone circuits.
1956 — First transatlantic coaxial cable laid, TAT-1.

References

Other websites 
 Coaxial Cable Specifications 
 What does "RG-6" mean?
 Coaxial Cable FAQ Wire Guide 
 Coaxial Cable Selection Guide 
 Is There an Ideal Impedance? — Wired for Sound: Steve Lampen 

Signalling
Abswurmbachite

Abswurmbachite is a black or dark brown metallic mineral. It is named after Irmgard Abs-Wurmbach, who is a German mineralogist.  It is found in Mili, Avia or Andros Island, Greece.  It is not radioactive.

References

Other websites 
Mindat.org
Webmineral.org

Minerals
Acanthite

Acanthite is a mineral that can be lead gray, gray, or coal in color and is made from crystals. Its name comes from the Greek word, akanta, meaning "arrow", or the Latin word argentum, meaning "silver". It is made of silver(I) sulfide.

It is found in Freiberg, Schneeberg, and Annaberg, Germany. Acanthite is not radioactive.

References

Minerals
Seven Lucky Gods

The , commonly called the Seven Lucky Gods in English, refer to the seven gods of good fortune in Japanese mythology and folklore. They are often the subject of netsuke carvings.

Each has a traditional characteristic:

Ebisu, god of fishers or merchants, often shown carrying a cod or sea bass.
Daikokuten (Daikoku), god of wealth, commerce and trade. Ebisu and Daikokuten are often paired and represented as carvings or masks on the walls of small retail shops.
Bishamonten, god of warriors.
Benzaiten (Benten-sama), goddess of knowledge, art and beauty, especially music.
Fukurokuju, god of happiness, wealth and long life.
Hotei, the fat and happy god of abundance and good health.
Jurōjin (Gama), god of long life.

Many figures in Japanese myth were transmitted from China (some having entered China from India), including all of the Seven Lucky Gods except Ebisu. Another god, Kichijōten, goddess of happiness, is sometimes found depicted along with the seven traditional gods, replacing Jurōjin. 

The seven gods are often pictured on their ship, the Takarabune (宝船), or "Treasure Ship."  The tradition says that the seven gods will arrive in town on the New Year and distribute fantastic gifts to worthy people.  Children often receive red envelopes bearing the Takarabune which contain gifts of money around the New Year.  The Takarabune and its passengers are often shown in art in different locations, from the walls of museums to cuddly caricatures.

References in popular culture

 Happy Seven is an anime about a school club made up of seven girls, having each one a different power of the Seven Gods of Fortune.
 The Seven Gods of Fortune appear in the video game Pocky & Rocky 2 for the Super Nintendo.
 The main group of villains in the Ranma 1/2 movie Big Trouble in Nekonron, China call themselves the Seven Lucky Gods Martial Artists and are based on them, but with different names.
 A song with the name 七福神 with a background movie parodying the Seven Gods of Fortune is available in Drummania V3 
 A character in Dan Brown's Deception Point prays to the "seven deities of good luck" at one point, but uses the term shichigosan, which refers to the festivals for children of the ages of seven, five, and three.
 Pink film directors Toshiya Ueno, Shinji Imaoka, Yoshitaka Kamata, Toshiro Enomoto, Yuji Tajiri, Mitsuru Meike and Rei Sakamoto are known collectively as the .

Notes

Other websites 

Information on Japanese deities

Japanese folklore
Japanese deities
Acetamide

Acetamide is a mineral that is either colorless or gray in color, and is made of a crystalline crust on black shale.  It is named for acetic acid and ammonia.  It can be found in Russia and is not radioactive.

References

Minerals
17 (number)

Seventeen is a number. It comes between sixteen and eighteen, and is an odd number.  It is also the 7th prime number, after 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, and 13. In Italy, 17 is considered an unlucky number.

In Roman numerals, 17 is written as XVII.

Integers
Prime numbers
Pectin

Pectin is a food supplement. It is a source of dietary fiber. It is used to make jellies and jams. Usually it comes in the form of a white powder. It is made from parts of fruit, like oranges. People use pectin to thicken things, like jelly and jam. 
 
Food supplements
It is also seen as a large polysaccharide molecule found in the cell wall of many cells.
Pectobacterium carotovorum

Pectobacterium carotovorum (syn Erwinia carotovora) is a rod-shaped bacterium originally isolated from carrots. It is a plant pathogen and opportunistic human pathogen, causative agent of soft rot and blackleg potato (P. atrosepticum) diseases.

PectobacteriaHauben, L., E. R. B. Moore, L. Vauterin, M. Steenackers, J. Mergaert, L. Verdonck, and J. Swings. 1998. Phylogenetic position of phytopathogens within the Enterobacteriaceae. Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 21:384-397

P. carotovorum subsp. atrosepticum, blackleg agent
P. carotovorum subsp. betavasculorum,
P. carotovorum subsp. carotovorum, soft rot
P. carotovorum subsp. odoriferum,
P. carotovorum subsp. wasabiae,
P. cacticidum,
P. chrysanthemi, (new classification as Dyckeya chrysanthemi)
P. cypripedii.

Sources

Waldee E.L. 1945 Comparative studies of some peritrichous phytopathogenic bacteria. Iowa State Journal of Science,  19, 435-484.

References

Other websites

Young, J. M., Saddler, G. S., Takikawa, Y., De Boer, S. H., Vauterin, L., Gardan, L., Gvozdyak, R. I. & Stead, D. 1996. Names of plant pathogenic bacteria 1864–1995. Rev. Plant Pathol. 75, 721–863
Mee-Ngan Yap, Jeri D. Barak, and Amy O. Charkowski 2004 Genomic Diversity of Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora and Its Correlation with Virulence Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 70, 3013-3023
 List of Prokaryotic Names with Standing in Nomenclature 

Gram-negative bacteria
Burger

Burger may refer to the following:
 Hamburger
 Ground beef
 Burger diagram
 Fish burger
Salmon burger
Jesus with erection

Jesus with erection is a picture that was made by students at the University of Oregon and published in the March 2006 edition of the Student Insurgent. It caused debates in the United States in 2006. The picture shows a naked Jesus Christ on the Cross with an erection.

Context
In 2005 the Danish newspaper Jyllands-Posten published 12 cartoons of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. The paper said that this was to add to the debate about criticism of Islam and self-censorship. Danish-Muslims said that they did not like them because Islam teaches that it is wrong for people to make any picture of Muhammad and also because they felt that the pictures showed disrespect to Muhammad. This led to protests in many Islamic countries, some of which became violent  and led to more than 100 deaths.

The students of the University of Oregon said that they made the pictures of Jesus because they want to show how people who are religious feel when people make pictures that may be offensive to Jesus. They wanted to get Muslims and Christians to talk and understand each other better.

Reactions 
Some people disliked the picture of Jesus with erection. The president of the Catholic League, William Donohue, said that the president of the Oregon University, Dave Frohnmayer, is partially responsible for the pictures. William Donohue said that the picture was one of the worst attacks on Christianity he had ever seen. Other people who disliked the picture said that the University's President David B. Frohnmayer should not work for the University any more. However, the Oregon Daily Emerald and the Oregon Commentator, said that the students' right to free speech and the University's decision to defend the student newspaper, citing the decisions of the Supreme Court of the United States like the Southworth case. This case said that universities could support student groups (such as newspapers) that other students did not agree with without hurting the rights of the students who do not like the groups.

Related pages
Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoons controversy

References

Other websites
The Student Insurgent Online

Controversies
2006 in the United States
21st century in Oregon
Giovanni Guaita

Giovanni Guaita (born November 26, 1962 in Sardinia) is an Italian historian, researcher of Eastern Christianity and writer. He is an assistant Professor of the Moscow Linguistic University. He studied in different Western European and Russian (Moscow and St Petersburg) universities.

He is the author of several books. Three of these books are on the Armenian theme. Guaita also known as the compilator of "The vocabulary of Orthodox agiology".

Books
 "1700 Years of Faithfulness: History of Armenia and its Churches" (Moscow, 2001, re-published in 2005)
 "Cry from Ararat: Armin Wegner and Armenians' Genocide" (Moscow, 2005).

Other websites 
 Biography 

Italian writers
Italian historians
1962 births
Living people
Bell P-39 Airacobra

The P-39 Airacobra was a fighter aircraft made by Bell Aircraft. It first flew in 1939, and was introduced in 1941. While it had good weapons, it was known for being very unstable and could lose control easily. It was fast but not very good above 5000 m (15,000 feet) as it lacked turbocharger. The Soviet Union used it during World War II as a fighter interceptor as most air battles at the Eastern front were fought at low heights. Very near the ground the Airacobra became extremely maneuverable and could out-turn any German airplane. The Russians liked the plane, and they often removed the wing guns to make it even more maneuvreable. Several Soviet pilots became fighter aces on P-39. The main weapon of P-39, a 37 mm cannon, was so powerful that it could destroy almost any airplane on a single hit.

The pilot who scored the most aerial victories was Grigori Rechkalov of the Soviet Air Force. He shot down 57 Germans with Airacobra. His squadronmate Aleksandr Pokryshkin had 59 victories, of which 47 were with Airacobra.

The P-39 was different from most aircraft in World War II. It had "tricycle" landing gear, doors that opened like a car (pilots would climb out of most fighters of the time) and the engine was behind the pilot. The "Q" version could go 375 miles per hour (600 km/h), had four 12.7mm machine guns, and one 37mm cannon.

Notes

References

Other websites 

United States Army aircraft
P-39
Soviet military aircraft
Royal Air Force aircraft
World War II American aircraft
Air Canada

Air Canada is Canada's largest airline. It flies from Canada to the United States, Europe, Asia, Australia, and some Caribbean countries. Air Canada began on September 1, 1937. It was first called Trans-Canada Air Lines. The first flight was from Vancouver to Seattle. The airline's name changed to Air Canada in 1964. Air Canada was privatized in 1989. A large strike was launched by Air Canada pilots in September 1998. Air Canada bought Canadian Airlines in 2000. Since the early 2000s Air Canada has had many financial problems.

Fleet
Air Canada's fleet includes:
 Embraer 190
 Airbus A319
 Airbus A220
 Airbus A320
 Airbus A321
 Airbus A330
 Boeing 737 MAX 
 Boeing 767
 Boeing 777
 Boeing 787 Dreamliner

Air Canada has ordered the Boeing 737 MAX airplanes for the future. It is still receiving more Embraers and Boeing 787s. In the past, Air Canada had Airbus A340s, Boeing 727s, Boeing 737s, Boeing 747s, Douglas DC-8s, Douglas DC-9s and Embraer 170s.

Gallery

References

1965 establishments in North America
1960s establishments in Canada
Airlines of Canada
Companies listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange
Star Alliance
IATA members
Actinolite

Actinolite is a mineral that can be green, green-black, gray-green, or black in color and is made of crystals.  It is common around the world.  The environment it lives in is in metamorphic rocks.  It is named after the Greek word aktinos (meaning "ray") because of the nature of Actinolite.  Actinole is not radioactive.

References

Minerals
Buoy

A buoy is a floating device that can have many uses. It is usually anchored in a certain place. The word is most commonly said () (as in buoyant),  but in American English it is often pronounced .

Types

Navigational aids
Buoys are used by ships to navigate or sail safely from place to place. They are used to mark a safe channel on a river, lake or harbour. They are used to mark dangerous rocks and other items which ships have to keep clear of. They can also be used to mark a shipwreck, pipelines or swimming areas.

Other uses
Buoys are used as marker for fishing, moorings for boats, yacht or dinghy racing, diving or weather stations and may be marked on charts as "Superbuoys".

References

Water transport
Navigation
Gulf Coast of the United States

The Gulf Coast region of the United States is made up of the coasts of states which border the Gulf of Mexico. The states of Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, and Florida are known as the Gulf States. All Gulf States are in the Southern region of the United States.

Other websites
A historical map from 1639 of the Gulf Coast

Regions of the United States
Florida Panhandle

The Florida Panhandle is the region of the state of Florida which includes the westernmost 10 to 18 counties in the state. It is a narrow strip lying between Alabama and Georgia to the north and the Gulf of Mexico to the south. While some definitions only include the counties west of the Apalachicola River, others include the eight counties east of the Apalachicola that are part of the Big Bend region. Culturally and in terms of history and climate, the region is more closely tied to the Deep South than to peninsular Florida.

Related pages
Panhandle

References 

Geography of Florida
Loop Current

Part of the Gulf Stream, the Loop Current is a warm ocean current in the Gulf of Mexico that flows northward between Cuba and the Yucatán Peninsula, moves north into the Gulf of Mexico, loops west and south before exiting to the east through the Florida Straits.

Around 1970, it was believed that the Loop Current exhibited an annual cycle in which the Loop feature extended farther to the north during the summer.  Further study over the past few decades, however, has shown that the extension to the north (and the shedding of eddies) does not have a significant annual cycle.

The Loop Current and its eddies may be detected by measuring sea surface level.  Sea surface level of both the Eddies and the Loop on September 21, 2005 was up to  higher than surrounding water, indicating a deep area of warm water beneath them.

References

Oceans
Tropical cyclones
Ocean currents
Cesc Fàbregas

Cesc Fàbregas (born May 4, 1987) is a Spanish football player. He plays as a midfielder for Monaco in the Ligue 1.
Fàbregas started playing football at Barcelona. In 2003, when he was just 16 years old, he signed with Arsenal. 
He was named as the new captain of Arsenal in November 2008, after William Gallas lost the captaincy. He also plays for the Spanish national team since he was 19. He signed for Chelsea FC in June 2014.

Club career statistics 

|-
|2003/04||rowspan="7"|Arsenal||rowspan="7"|Premier League||0||0||0||0||3||1||0||0||3||1
|-
|2004/05||33||2||6||0||1||0||5||1||45||3
|-
|2005/06||35||3||0||0||1||0||13||1||49||4
|-
|2006/07||38||2||2||0||4||0||10||2||54||4
|-
|2007/08||32||7||2||0||1||0||10||6||45||13
|-
|2008/09||22||3||1||0||0||0||10||0||33||3
|-
|2009/10||||||||||||||||||||
160||17||11||0||10||1||48||10||229||28
160||17||11||0||10||1||48||10||229||28
|}

International career statistics

References 

1987 births
Living people
Spanish footballers
Arsenal F.C. players
Chelsea F.C. players
Misery Guts

Misery Guts is a book by the award winning Australian author Morris Gleitzman.

This is a story about a kid named Keith who lives in London and his parents who own a fish and chip shop. This parents for a long time have not had many customers. Keith is dedicated to trying to make the store better and cheer up his parents so they won't be Misery Guts for the rest of their lives. He tries everything including some crazy stunts.

The story continues in the hilarious sequel Worry Warts.

The book did not sell very well. As of November 2007, the "Misery Guts/Worry Warts" combination was ranked #3,465,204 in books sold by Amazon. A television series was made based on this book.

References

Other websites 
 Misery Guts on Amazon.com
 

1998 books
Children's books
Brett Lee

Brett Lee (born 8 November, 1976 in Wollongong, New South Wales) is an Australian cricketer. He has played for the Australian national cricket team and New South Wales Blues. He has taken more than 300 wickets. Brett is a very fast bowler, one of the fastest the cricket world has known. His fastest delivery was . Lee won the Donald Bradman Young Player of the Year Award at the Allan Border Medal award ceremony in 2000 soon after his debut and has gone on to win many awards and a few tournaments.

He is the second of 3 boys and first played cricket with his brothers.

References
Profile

Australian cricketers
Sportspeople from New South Wales
1976 births
Living people
Wollongong
Medal of Honor

The Medal of Honor is the highest award given to members of the United States Military. It is given to people who show a lot of bravery in wartime. Because of this, many people who get the Medal of Honor die earning it. It was first given in 1863 during the American Civil War. 

The Medal of Honor has been given to 3,458 different people, including
 Dakota L. Meyer, who is the youngest and most recent living recipient

 Jacob Parrott, who was the first man to be awarded the medal in 1863
 Mary Walker, who was the first and only woman awarded the medal.

 Leslie H. Sabo Jr., who is the most recent person to receive the medal in 2012.

According to Medal of Honor recipient Retired Army Maj. Gen. Patrick Brady who flew more than 2,500 combat missions over Vietnam and helped rescue more than 5,000 wounded, "it is harder to wear it than to earn it".

Gallery
 Army

 Navy

 Air Force

References

Other websites
 Congressional Medal of Honor Society website 
Medal of Honor  at the United States Army Center of Military History

Military honors
Orders, decorations, and medals of the United States
1863 establishments in the United States
Asynchronous Transfer Mode

Asynchronous Transfer Mode is a set of protocols used for computer networks. It is mostly used for Wide Area Networks (WAN). It splits the data, and encodes it into packets of a fixed size. Each packet can be routed differently, along virtual paths set up in the network. 

ATM has been very successful in WANs, as well as in Local Area Networks (LAN). Today, many ADSL implementations use ATM technology.

Standards like Ethernet (which is used for LANs) usually are quite simple. When there is little traffic on the network they work well. However, when there is a lot of traffic it is difficult to predict how an Ethernet network will behave. For this reason, Ethernet cannot give any service guarantees. It is not possible to say that an Ethernet packet will take a maximum delay, but after that time it is guaranteed to arrive.

ATM is more complex, but this complexity allows to give guarantees as to data rate, maximum delay, and jitter. These are usually called Quality of Service.

References 

Computer science
Trance music

Trance music is a kind of electronic music. It centers around a synthesizer and bass drum on each beat and melodies with themes. Most trance music usually have 140 beats per minute. Trance music is commonly played in clubs. The genre takes insipiration from techno, house music, and other kinds of electronic music.

Trance refers to an altered state of consciousness as, for example, achieved by hypnosis. Trance music is characterised by unusually long tracks of highly repetitious music. Group dancing makes the effect stronger, as it does with some types of traditional African music. The general idea has been many times used in religious ceremonies. Nobody knows who introduced the term to electronic music.

Important sub-genres 
 Acid trance
 Psychedelic trance - see Psychedelic music
 Uplifting trance

Famous Trance DJs (selection) 
 ATB
 Armin van Buuren
 DJ JamX
 DJ Tiesto
 George Acosta
 Oliver Lieb
 Pascal F.E.O.S.
 Paul Van Dyk
 Piet Blank
 Spacekid
 Ferry Corsten
Push
Cosmic Gate
Andrew Rayel

Famous Trance performers (selection) 
B.B.E.
 Blank & Jones
 Dance Nation
 Dumonde
 Genlog
 Gouryella
 Hybrid
 Kai Tracid
 Lost Witness
 Matt Darey
 Nalin Inc.
 M.I.K.E.
 Sequential One
 Timo Maas
 Yves Deruyter
Hailiene
Susana
That Girl
Acuminite

Acuminite is a colorless mineral made from crystals.  It is named for the Latin word "acuminis" (meaning "sharp point" or "spearhead") for the way the crystals are made.  It is easily found in Greenland in the Ivigtut cryolite deposit.  It is easily scratched with a copper penny.

References

Minerals
Warthog

Warthog (Phacochoerus africanus) are remarkable animals. They are found in most of Africa south of the Sahara and are widely distributed in East Africa. They are the only pigs able to live in areas without water for several months of the year. By tolerating a higher-than-normal body temperature, the warthog is perhaps able to conserve moisture inside its body that might otherwise be used for cooling. (Camels and desert gazelles have developed a similar mechanism for survival in hot, arid environments.)

Habitat 
Warthogs are found in moist and arid savannas. They avoid rainforest, deserts and high mountains.

Pigs
Mammals of Africa
Moraine

Moraines are accumulations of debris that are found in regions where there are glaciers or were glaciers formerly.

Moraines which are found far off from existing glaciers were created during a past ice age.  The debris may have been taken off the valley floor as a glacier moved or fallen off the valley walls as a result of weathering.  Moraines may be made of silt like glacial flour to large boulders. Moraines may be on the glacier’s surface or deposited as piles or sheets of debris where the glacier has melted.  Moraines may also develop when a glacier or iceberg reaches the sea and melts, dropping rocks that it has carried.

Related pages
 Landform
 Long Island

References

Easterbrook, D. J. (1999) Surface processes and landforms. (Second Ed). Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey.

Landforms
Silt

Silt is soil or rock that developed from granular material of a specific grain size.

Silty soil has much smaller particles than sandy soil, so it is smooth to the touch. When moistened, it is soapy slick. When rolled between the fingers, dirt is left on the skin.

Silty soil retains water longer, but it can’t hold on to as many nutrients as you’d want it to, though it’s fairly fertile. Due to its moisture-retentive quality, silty soil is cold and drains poorly.

Grain size criteria 
Silt particles range between a  and  mm (3.9 to 62.5 μm), larger than clay but smaller than a sand.  Silt is chemically distinct from clay, and unlike clay, grains of silt are about the same size in all dimensions.

Silt may occur as a soil or alternatively as suspended sediment in a water column of any surface water body.  It may also exist as deposition soil at the bottom of a water body after it is eroded elsewhere and transported by a stream or by a current.  Silt is easily transported in water and is fine enough to be carried long distances by air as 'dust'. Thick deposits of silty material that result from wind deposition are often called loess (a German term) or limon (French).  Silt and clay contribute to  in water.

Geology
Catalytic converter

A catalytic converter is a device in the exhaust pipe of a car, near its engine. It is used to clean up the exhaust the car sends out into the atmosphere. It works by using a catalyst material, usually made of Platinum, Palladium, and Rhodium. The catalytic converter converts carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, and nitrogen oxides, all of which make the air dirty and make people sick, into carbon dioxide, water, and Nitrogen, all of which are less harmful. These chemicals, however, are still large contributors to global warming. The US auto industry was investigated by the US Department of Justice for “conspiracy” for 15 years of colluding to withhold the technology between 1953 and 1969 while smog devastated urban centers’ air quality. A catalytic converter reduces carbon monoxide by contacting it with oxygen, creating carbon dioxide, which is less harmful.  Because hydrocarbons are unburned fuel particles that are put into the catalytic converter, they burn up in the catalytic converter, making it very hot.
  

Machines

fi:Pakoputkisto#Katalysaattori
Adamite

Adamite is a mineral that can be either yellow, purple, green, pink, or yellowish-green in color and is made from crystals.  It is very easy to break and it can be scratched by a copper penny.  Adamite is not radioactive.  It is named for the French mineralogist Gilbert Joseph Adam (1795-1881), who was the person who discovered it.   It is mainly found in the Atacama Desert in Chile. Adamite is also used for other commercial resources.

References

Minerals
Six Flags Great Adventure

Six Flags Great Adventure is a theme park in Jackson Township, New Jersey, United States. It opened on July 4, 1974. The park complex also contains the Hurricane Harbor water park.

In 2012, Six Flags combined Great Adventure Park with the Wild Safari Area to form a single 475-acre theme park. As of 2018, the park contained 12 roller coasters. Three are world-class rides: El Toro, Kingda Ka and Nitro. Kingda Ka, with a top speed of 128 mph feels like taking off from an aircraft carrier. At 458 feet tall guests say on a clear day you can see both the Philadelphia and New York City skylines. Nitro, another fast roller coaster, offers a panoramic view of the New Jersey countryside. El Toro is one of the tallest wooden roller coasters at 181 feet. The park includes a Safari Off-Road Adventure that has over 1,200 animals. It is the largest drive-through safari park in North America.

There are three areas just for children. The Hurricane Harbor water park takes up 45 acres by itself. Between the three areas there are over 200 rides and attractions. Six Flags Great Adventure is open between spring break and late October.

History 
Located halfway between New York City and Philadelphia, the park opened in 1974. At first it was called The Enchanted Forest. In 1976 it was renamed Great Adventure. Six Flags bought it in 1977.

Accidents 
On August 17, 1981 a park employee fell to his death during a routine test of Rolling Thunder. The investigation concluded he may not have used the safety bar. On May 11, 1984 the Haunted Castle caught fire. Eight teenagers were caught inside and died. In 1987 a woman fell to her death from the Lightnin' Loops roller coaster. Officials said she did not have her shoulder safety harness on. She was 19 years old. There have been no serious accidents since 2003 at Great Adventure.

Attractions timeline

References

Other websites 
 Six Flags Great Adventure Official Website
 
 Gadv.com Great Adventure Online 
 GreatAdventureHistory.com

 
1974 establishments in the United States
Theme parks in the United States
1970s establishments in New Jersey
Adamsite-(Y)

Adamsite-(Y) is a mineral that can be white, pale pink, pale purple, or is colorless in color and is made of crystals.  It is named for Professor Frank Dawson Adams (1859-1942) of McGill University, Montreal, Quebec and is found in the Poudrette quarry in Quebec.  It's environment is in a pegmatite dike that is greatly heated.  It is barely radioactive, and is easily scratched with calcite and it also breaks easily.

References

Minerals
18 (number)

Eighteen is a number. It comes between seventeen and nineteen, and is an even number.  It is divisible by 1, 2, 3, 6, 9 and 18.
In most countries it is the age of majority, age of consent, and voting age.

In Roman numerals, 18 is written as XVIII.

The number 18 has many multiples such as: 36, 54, 72, 90, 108, and so on. The prime factorization of 18 is 3x3x2 in expanded form, and 3^2x2 in factored form.

Integers
19 (number)

Nineteen is a number. It comes between eighteen and twenty, and is an odd number.  It is also the 8th prime number, after 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, and 17. 

In Roman numerals, 19 is written as XIX.

Integers
Prime numbers
21 (number)

Twenty-one is a number. It comes between twenty and twenty-two, and is an odd number. It is divisible by 1, 3, 7, and 21.

Twenty-one is also a name of a popular card game and is the age at which people in the United States can buy alcoholic drinks.

In Roman numerals, 21 is written as XXI.

Integers
Jorge Guillén

Jorge Guillén y Álvarez (January 18, 1893 – February 6, 1984) was a Spanish poet, a member of the Generation of '27.

Biography 
Jorge Guillén was born in Valladolid. His life paralleled that of his friend Pedro Salinas, whom he succeeded as a Spanish teaching assistant at the Collège de Sorbonne in the University of Paris from 1917 to 1923. He was also a professor at the University of Murcia from 1925 to 1929, the University of Oxford from 1929 to 1931, and the University of Seville from 1932 to 1938. Exiled, he was forced to establish himself in the United States to continue his postsecondary teaching. He was a professor of Spanish at Wellesley College from 1941 to 1967. He retired to Italy, where he married for the second time. He later moved to the city of Málaga. In 1977, he was awarded the Miguel de Cervantes Prize, one of the most prestigious prizes for Spanish-language writers. He died in Málaga in 1984, age 91.

Other websites 
  The Jorge Guillén Foundation 
  Poetry of Jorge Guillén

References 

1893 births
1984 deaths
Spanish poets
People from Valladolid
Proxima Centauri

Proxima Centauri is a red dwarf star that is likely a part of the Alpha Centauri star system and is the closest star to the Sun at a distance of 
. It is in the constellation of Centaurus.

Proxima Centauri was found to share the same proper motion as Alpha Centauri in 1915 by Robert Innes while he was Director of the Union Observatory in Johannesburg, South Africa.

In 1951, Harlow Shapley said that Proxima Centauri was a flare star. Recorded photographs showed that the star became measurably brighter about 8% of the time, making it the most active flare star then found.

Characteristics 

Red dwarfs are usually far too faint to be seen with the naked eye, that means without a telescope. Proxima Centauri has an apparent magnitude of 11 while its absolute magnitude is a very dim 15.5. Even from Alpha Centauri A or B, Proxima would only be seen as a 5th magnitude star.

Proxima Centauri has been the closest star to the Sun for about the last 32,000 years. Barnard's Star will make its closest approach to the Sun around AD 11,700, when it approaches to within about 3.8 light-years. However, at that time, it will not be the nearest star, since Proxima Centauri will then have moved even closer to the Sun. Six stars will come closer to Earth in the next 45,000 years.

Planetary system

In 2016, a exoplanet was found by the European Southern Observatory around Proxima Centauri, Proxima Centauri b (or Proxima b). It was found in the habitable zone, and was thought to be Earth-like, with an ESI of 0.87. While being Earth-like, it may not be habitable on the surface, since Proxima Centauri gives off strong solar flares and high solar winds, which could strip away parts of the atmosphere of the planet, making it less habitable.

In October of 2016, scientists at France's CNRS research institute said that the planet may have oceans on its surface, and a thin atmosphere. If this idea is true or not is not known.

Another planet, Proxima Centauri c, much farther out than b, was discovered in 2019. It is seven times heavier (more massive) than Earth. It is too cold to be habitable. Because it showed up brighter than expected when photos of it were taken, it may have a ring system five times wider than that of Jupiter.

Related pages 
 Alpha Centauri
 Barnard's Star
 List of nearest stars

References

Other websites 
 Photograph of Proxima Centauri
 O Sistema Alpha Centauri (portuguese) 

Red dwarfs
San Jacinto fault

The San Jacinto Fault Zone is a series of faults that run through Southern California.  It is said to be a sister fault of the older, much more famous San Andreas Fault.  Some cities that are directly on the fault zone include San Bernardino, San Jacinto, and Hemet.  This fault could create a large earthquake that could greatly affect Greater Los Angeles.

Geography of California
Faults
Dhammapada

The Dhammapāda is a Buddhist scripture which includes sayings by the Gautama Buddha himself.

Buddhist texts
Chant

A chant is a type of song. It usually repeats, and is used in religious services around the world, as well as by many nonreligious groups.

Musical forms
Habenaria mossii

Habenaria mossii is a species of plant in the Orchidaceae family. It is naturally found in South Africa. Its natural habitat is mild grassland. It is threatened by habitat loss.

Source
 Pfab, M.F. & Victor, J. 2003.  Habenaria mossii.   2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.   Downloaded on 21 August 2007.

Orchids
22 (number)

Twenty-two is a number. It comes between twenty-one and twenty-three, and is an even number. It is divisible by 1, 2, 11, and 22.

In Roman numerals, 22 is written as XXII.

Integers
23 (number)

Twenty-three is a natural number. It comes between twenty-two and twenty-four, and is an odd number.  It is also the 9th prime number, after 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, and 19.

Integers
Prime numbers
Adelite

Adelite is a rare mineral. It is a calcium, magnesium, arsenate with chemical formula CaMgAsO4OH. Adelite was named from the Greek word for indistinct.

It can be blueish-gray, green, gray, yellow, or light green in color. It is made of crystals. Adelite is not radioactive. It is scratched easily with apatite.

The mineral was first described in 1891 in Värmland, Sweden. It can be found in Flipistad, Sweden.

References

Minerals
The Naked Brothers Band

The Naked Brothers Band is a musical comedy television series that airs on Nickelodeon created by actress Polly Draper. It stars her real-life sons Nat and Alex Wolff, real-life brothers that deal with fame and living their lives as rockstars. The show is shot in the style of a documentary, which exaggerates the real musical experiences of the brothers', who self-write all of their own music. The series started in January 2007 and ended in 2009. The show began with the pilot episode The Naked Brothers Band: The Movie, a low budget pretend documentary. It also has another movie, Battle of the Bands. The second season of the series will started in January 2008 after the premiere of the new NBB movie "Sidekicks".

Nickelodeon television series
2006 television series debuts
English-language television programs
Matterhorn

The Matterhorn (in German; ,  or Le Cervin) is ranked, by height, 12th  mountain in the European Alps. Its height is 4,478 metres.

The mountain is on the border between Switzerland and Italy, it towers over the Swiss village of Zermatt and the Italian village Breuil-Cervinia in the Val Tournanche. The name of the mountain comes from the German words Matte, meaning valley or meadow, and Horn, which means peak.

References

Charles Gos, Le Cervin (Attinger, 1948)
Edward Whymper, Scrambles Amongst the Alps (1871)

Notes

Other websites 

Virtual ascent of the Hörnli Ridge with 360 degree panoramas 
Alpinist Magazine  Mountain Profile - Issue 16
Matterhorn Webcams 
Matterhorn on Summitpost
PeakWare info on Matterhorn 
Matterhorn on 4000er.de
Walt Disney and Zermatt
Chronology of climbs - in German
Photo gallery dedicated to Matterhorn and surrounding nature 

Alps
Mountains of Italy
Mountains of Switzerland
Geography of Valais
Arachniodes

Arachniodes is a genus of fern in family Dryopteridaceae. It has the following species (but this list may not have all species):
 Arachniodes squamulosa, R.C.Moran & B.Øllg.

Pteridophyta
Dryopteridaceae

The Dryopteridaceae is a family of ferns that can be found almost anywhere on the world.

Many are cultivated as ornamental plants.

Plant families
Pteridophyta
Particle size (grain size)

Particle size, also called grain size, means the diameter of individual grains of sediment, or the lithified particles in clastic rocks. The term may also be used for other granular materials.

In some schemes "gravel" is anything larger than sand (>2.0 mm), and includes "granule", "pebble", "cobble", and "boulder" in the above table. In this scheme, "pebble" covers the size range 4 to 64 mm (−2 to −6 φ).

References 

 W C Krumbein & L L Sloss, Stratigraphy and Sedimentation, 2nd edition (Freeman, San Francisco, 1963).
 J A Udden, Mechanical composition of clastic sediments, Bull. Geol. Soc. Am. 25, 655-744 (1914).
 C K Wentworth, A scale of grade and class terms for clastic sediments, J. Geology V. 30, 377-392 (1922).

Geology
Rock flour

Rock flour, or glacial flour, consists of clay-sized particles of rock, generated by glacial erosion or by artificial grinding to a similar size. Because the material is very small, it is suspended in river water making the water appear cloudy. If the river flows into a glacial lake, the lake may appear turquoise in color as a result.  Examples of this are Lake Louise, Canada and Gjende lake in Norway.

Agricultural use
Some agronomists believe that rock flour has a powerful effect in restoring trace minerals to soil. An early experimeter was the German miller Julius Hensel, author of Bread from Stones, who reported successful results with steinmehl (stonemeal) in the 1890s. His ideas were not taken up through technical limitations and, according to proponents of his method, opposition from the champions of conventional fertilisers.

Other websites 
On a Fad Diet of Rock Dust, How the Garden Does Grow Henry Homeyer, June 24, 2004, New York Times.
Remineralize the Earth - "non-profit organization incorporated to disseminate ideas and practice about soil remineralization".
Soil remineralization: a future market for aggregate industry fines , Robert J. Able, June 1995, Pit & Quarry.
Julius Hensel 
Downloadable document on co-utilisation of mineral fines and composts 

Agriculture
Virginia opossum

The Virginia opossum (Didelphis virginiana) is the only species of North American marsupial. It is sometimes called a possum, but that refers more correctly to a group of Australian marsupials.

Description 
An opossum is about the size of a house cat. It has grizzled white and gray fur. Adult opossums weigh about 2-6 kg (4-14 lbs). They live alone, are active at night, and they are good climbers.

Habitat 
People can find this opossum in the eastern United States, and along the west coast from British Columbia and to Baja California.  They like to live in forests, brushy areas, and farmland.

References

Marsupials
Motor ship

A motor ship is a ship moved through water by an engine, usually a diesel engine. The name of motor ships are often prefixed with MS or M/S.

Ship types
24 (number)

Twenty-four is a number. It comes between twenty-three and twenty-five, and is an even number. It is divisible by 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, and 24.

24 is also the name of a popular television show in the United States.

Integers
25 (number)

Twenty-five is a number. It comes between twenty-four and twenty-six, and is an odd number.  It is also the 5th square number, after 1, 4, 9, and 16.

Integers
Square numbers
Passo de Camaragibe

Passo de Camaragibe is a municipality in Brazil. It is on the northern coast of the Brazilian state of Alagoas. About 13,544 people live there (2005). Its area is .

References

Cities in Alagoas
Radlin

Radlin is a town in Wodzisław County, Silesian Voivodeship, Poland, with about 17,673 people (2004).

Sports 

 Górnik Radlin - men's volleyball team playing in Polish Volleyball League (Polska Liga Siatkówki, PLS: Seria B in 2003/2004, Seria A in 2004/2005 season).

Towns in Poland
Particle size (general)

The term particle size is used to compare dimensions of different small material objects.

Larger objects are usually called stone, rock, a piece of something, etc. The term particle indicates small size, usually less than centimeter. Particle might be either solid, or liquid, or even gas. Liquid particles are called droplets. Gaseous particles are bubbles. All of them can be characterised in terms of size.

Particle size of spherical object equals to its diameter.

But a typical material object is likely to be irregular in shape. This causes ambiguity in definition of particle size. Existing definitions are based on replacent of a given particle with imaginary sphere that has one of the properties identical with the particle.
Volume based particle size equals to the diameter of the sphere that has same volume as a given particle;
Weight based particle size equals to the diameter of the sphere that has same weight as a given particle;
Area based particle size equals to the diameter of the sphere that has the same surface area as a given particle;
Hydrodynamic particle size equals to the diameter of the sphere that has the same drag coefficient as a given particle;

Related pages
 Particle size (grain size)

Chemistry
Admontite

Admontite is a mineral that is colorless in color and is made of crystals.  It is named for Admont, Austria, which is where they found the first example of it.  They found the first example of it in a gypsum deposit.  Gypsum and calcite both easily scratch this mineral, and it easily breaks as well.  Admontite is not radioactive. Admontite is not edible.

References

Minerals
Hydrology

Hydrology  is the study of movement, distribution, and quality of water throughout the Earth. A person who studies hydrology is called a hydrologist.

The central theme of hydrology is how the water circulates. This is called the water cycle. The most vivid illustration of it is the water evaporation from the ocean with the formation of clouds. These clouds drift over the land and produce rain.

Related pages
 Civil engineering
 Climatology
 Hydraulics
 Hydrography

Notes

Water
Earth sciences
Semicircle

In geometry, a semicircle is a two-dimensional geometric shape that forms half of a circle. Being half of a circle's 360° (360 degrees), the arc of a semicircle always measures 180°. A triangle inscribed in a semicircle is always a right triangle.

Other websites
Semicircle - Mathworld

Shapes
Hurricane Camille

Hurricane Camille was the third named storm and second hurricane of the 1969 Atlantic hurricane season. Camille was the second of three Category 5 hurricanes to make landfall in the United States during the 20th century, which it did near the mouth of the Mississippi River on the night of August 17, resulting in catastrophic damage.

The storm formed on August 14 and rapidly deepened. It scraped the western edge of Cuba at Category 3 strength. Camille strengthened further over the Gulf of Mexico and made landfall with a pressure of 900 mbar (hPa), estimated sustained winds of 200;mph (305 km/h), and a peak storm surge of 24 feet (7.3 m); by maximum sustained wind speeds, Camille was the strongest landfalling tropical cyclone recorded worldwide, and one of only four tropical cyclones worldwide ever to achieve wind speeds of 190 mph. The hurricane flattened nearly everything along the coast of the U.S. state of Mississippi, and caused additional flooding and deaths inland while crossing the Appalachian Mountains of Virginia. In total, Camille killed 259 people and caused $1.42 billion (1969 USD, $9.14 billion 2005 USD) in damages.

References

Other websites 
 Harrison County Library's Camille Page 
 Thirty Years After Hurricane Camille: Lessons Learned, Lessons Lost , Roger A. Pielke, Jr., Chantal Simonpietri, and Jennifer Oxelson, July 12, 1999.
 "Roar Of The Heavens: Surving Hurricane Camille," Stefan Bechtel (Citadel Press, 2006) 
 Track of Camille's eye at landfall 
 Storm surge profile 
 Post-Storm Report on Camille 
 The story of Harbour Oaks Inn 
 Radar image of Camille 

1969 Atlantic hurricane season
Category 5 Atlantic hurricanes
Retired tropical cyclone names
Deadly storms
Hurricanes in the United States
1960s in Cuba
1969 in the United States
20th century in Alabama
20th century in Mississippi
1960s in Louisiana
1935 Labor Day hurricane

The Labor Day Hurricane of 1935 was the strongest tropical cyclone during the 1935 Atlantic hurricane season. The second tropical cyclone, second hurricane, and second intense hurricane of the season was the most intense Atlantic hurricane that affected the United States, and it remains the first of three Category 5 hurricanes that struck the country. After forming as a weak tropical storm east of the Bahamas on August 29, it slowly proceeded westward, became a hurricane on September 1, and underwent rapid intensification prior to striking the upper Florida Keys on September 2. After landfall at its peak intensity, it continued northwest along the Florida west coast, and it weakened prior to landfall near Cedar Key on September 4.

The large and strong hurricane caused severe damage in the upper Florida Keys, and a storm surge about 18 to 20 feet affected the region. The hurricane's strong winds destroyed most of the buildings in the Islamorada area, and many World War I veteran workers were killed by the storm surge. Portions of the Key West Extension of the Florida East Coast Railroad were severely damaged or destroyed. The hurricane also caused additional damage in northwest Florida, Georgia, and the Carolinas. In total, more than 400 people were killed.

Other websites
 Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory
 Excerpts from the Labor Day 1935 Hurricane Monthly Weather Review Article
 Images of historic Florida Hurricanes (State Archives of Florida)
 Florida Keys History Museum
 Key West Memorial
 Hurricanes history
 Major Daniel C. Main killed in Hurricane 
 Monroe County listings at National Register of Historic Places
 Florida Keys Memorial  at Florida's Office of Cultural and Historical Programs
List of 56 victims 

1935 in the United States
Category 5 Atlantic hurricanes
Hurricanes in the United States
20th century in the Bahamas
20th century in Florida
20th century in Georgia (U.S. state)
20th century in South Carolina
1930s in North Carolina
20th century in Virginia