cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Christina Grimmie

Christina Victoria Grimmie (March 12, 1994 - June 10, 2016) was an American pianist, musician and singer. She has performed cover versions of songs by Christina Aguilera, Selena Gomez and Demi Lovato. She released an extended play, Find Me, in June 2011. Her studio album With Love was released in 2013. A second EP, Side A, was released in 2016.

Grimmie was born and raised in New Jersey. She was shot dead in Orlando, Florida at age 22 at her concert.

References

1994 births
2016 deaths
American pop singers
Murdered musicians
Murders by firearm in Florida
Singers from New Jersey
Bianca Ryan

Bianca Taylor Ryan (born September 1, 1994) is an American singer. She was the winner of NBC's America's Got Talent in its first season. Her first album, Bianca Ryan, was released in autumn 2006. In 2012, Ryan joined the cast of the independent movie We Be Kings. She played a teenaged musician who is guided by an angel to an ancient blues musician frozen in a blizzard.

Ryan was born and raised in Philadelphia.

References

Musicians from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
American television personalities
1994 births
Living people
Jodelle Ferland

Jodelle Micah Ferland (born October 9, 1994) is a Canadian actress. She played Sharon and Alessa in the thriller movie Silent Hill (2006). She also played Mary Jensen in the miniseries Kingdom Hospital (2004) and Bree Tanner in the movie The Twilight Saga: Eclipse (2010). She began acting at age two.

Ferland was born in Nanaimo, British Columbia.

References

Canadian television actors
Canadian movie actors
1994 births
Living people
Actors from British Columbia
Dean Spielmann

Dean Spielmann (born 26 October 1962) is a lawyer from Luxembourg. He is the President of the European Court of Human Rights. He has been a Judge of the European Court of Human Rights from Luxembourg since 2004. He was made President of the Fifth Section of the Court in 2011. He was made Vice-President and then later President in 2012.

References

1962 births
Living people
Judges of the European Court of Human Rights
Lawyers
People from Luxembourg City
Wamba

Wamba is a small town in Kenya. It is in the Samburu district. The Wamba administrative division is there. The town has a big Catholic hospital. The hospital is considered important to the Samburu district. The town plays a role in the tourism industry in Kenya. It has strong ties with Prince William of Britain due to his efforts to promote conservation and ties with Samburu communities.

References 

Settlements in Kenya
Towns in Africa
Hockley County, Texas

Hockley County is a county in the state of Texas in the United States. In 2010, 22,935 people lived there.  The county seat is Levelland.  The county was named for George Washington Hockley, who was Secretary of War for the Republic of Texas.

References

Texas counties
Weld County, Colorado

Weld County is a county in the state of Colorado. The county seat is Greeley. As of the 2010 Census, 252,825 people lived there.

Colorado counties
Gunnison County, Colorado

Gunnison County is a county in the state of Colorado. The county seat is Gunnison. As of the 2010 Census, 15,324 people lived there.

Colorado counties
Claiborne Parish, Louisiana

Claiborne Parish  is a parish of the state of Louisiana. The county seat is Homer. As of the 2010 Census, 17,195 people lived there.

 
1828 establishments in the United States
19th-century establishments in Louisiana
Sergey Kozlov

Sergey Semenovich Kozlov (4 May 1960 – 4 January 2014) was a Russian football player and manager. Kozlov played as a midfielder and defender.

Kozlov died from problems after a heart attack on 4 January 2014. He was aged 53. He died in his hometown of Khabarovsk.

References

1960 births
2014 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Russian footballers
Bernard Glasser

Bernard M. Glasser (June 3, 1924 – January 2, 2014) was an American movie producer and director. He was known for producing many science-fiction movies such as Space Master X-7, The Return of the Fly, Run Like a Thief and Triangle.

Glasser was born in Chicago, Illinois. He was married to Joan Glasser until his death. They had four children. Glasser died on January 2, 2014 from natural causes at his home in Los Angeles. He was aged 89.

References

Other websites

1924 births
2014 deaths
Deaths from natural causes
Movie producers from Chicago
Movie directors from Chicago
St Cross College, Oxford

St. Cross College is one of the colleges of the University of Oxford. It is a graduate college only. It does not have any undergraduate students. The College was founded in 1965. It was named after St. Cross Road, where the college's first buildings were located. In 1981 it moved to its current location on St. Giles Road.

References

1965 establishments in England
Colleges of the University of Oxford
Brad Renfro

Brad Renfro (July 25, 1982 — January 15, 2008) was an American actor. He played Mark Sway in The Client in 1994. He played Huckleberry Finn in the movie Tom and Huck in 1995 and also appeared in the family drama The Cure in the same year. He made many feature movies in his career. His career ended because of alcoholism and drugs.

Renfro was born in Knoxville, Tennessee. He died at age 25 due to heroin intoxication. For reasons unknown, Renfro, was not included in the annual Academy Awards tribute for Hollywood performers who had died during the past year.

Reference

American television actors
American movie actors
Actors from Tennessee
1982 births
2008 deaths
People from Knoxville, Tennessee
Tricia Helfer

Tricia Janine Helfer (born April 11, 1974) is a Canadian model and actress. She is best known for playing the Cylon "Number 6" in Battlestar Galactica. In Supernatural, she played Molly McNamara. She also played Alex Rice in Dark Blue. She also played in other television series.

Helfer was born in Donalda, Alberta.

References

Canadian television actors
Canadian movie actors
Canadian models
1974 births
Living people
People from Alberta
Athelwald of Deira

Athelwald (also spelled Oethelwald or Œthelwald) was a King of Deira. He was the nephew of King Oswiu of Northumbria, his overlord, but he turned on his family to support the pagan Penda of Mercia. When Penda was killed, Athelwald lost his kingdom.

Early Career 

He was the son of King Oswald of Northumbria, who was killed by Penda of Mercia at the Battle of Maserfield in 642. At Oswald's death Northumbria was reduced back to the two kingdoms of Bernicia and Deira. Oswiu was the king of Bernicia and was acknowledge as overlord of Deira. 
Penda had placed Oswine of Deira on the throne of Deira. But Oswine did not get along with his overlord Oswiu. He raised an army against Oswiu but then realized his army wasn't large enough and he sent them home. He was betrayed by one of his nobleman to Oswiu and was murdered in 651.

King of Deira 

After Oswine's death, Athelwald became king. It is uncertain whether Oswiu (who was Athelwald's uncle) installed him as king or whether Athelwald took the kingship in opposition to Oswiu. At some point he allied himself with Oswiu's enemy, Penda of Mercia. He guided Penda during his invasion of Northumbria in 655. But, when the armies of Oswiu and Penda met on 15 November at the Battle of the Winwaed, Athelwald withdrew to safety. Penda was defeated and killed. perhaps in part because of this desertion, and afterward Athelwald was not heard of again.  

King Athelwald gave St. Cedd the lands of Lastingham to build a monastery.

Notes

References

Year of death unknown
Anglo-Saxons
Kings and queens
Year of birth unknown
Polar vortex

The polar vortex (alternate names: Arctic cyclone or polar vortice) is a persistent large-scale cyclone located near geographical poles of a planet. On Earth, a polar vortex is usually in the middle and upper troposphere and stratosphere. The cyclone surrounds the polar highs. Polar storms lie in the wake of the polar front. They strengthen in the winter and weaken near summer. These vortexes span usually between 620 to 1,240 miles. They circulate counter-clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere.

Similar to hurricanes, a Coriolis effect causes the rotation of a polar vortex. The Arctic vortex has two main centers: one is over the Baffin Island, the other is over northeastern Siberia.

References

Atmosphere
Department of Alto Adige

The Department of Alto Adige (, ) was a department of Napoleon's Kingdom of Italy. It was named after the river Adige (Etsch), which flowed through it. The capital of the department was Trento.

The department's territory was not the same as that of the modern Italian province of Alto Adige. Some of the territory is the same, such as the city of Bolzano, but most of the rest is now part of the province of Trento. These two provinces form the region Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol.

History 

The name "Alto Adige" was created in the late 18th century by Napoleon Bonaparte, when he occupied the territory of northern Italy near the Alps. This was the name of the French administrative division known as the "Department of Alto Adige" (Dipartimento dell'Alto Adige), created during Napoleon's Kingdom of Italy in 1810. It was officially named Haut Adige to get rid of relation to the historic "County of Tyrol" of Austria. The District of Alto Adige was created by Napoleon as part of the Dipartamento del Benaco in his Cisalpine Republic, and was near Verona. This Benaco department, created in 1797, was gotten rid of in 1798 as a result of administrative changes to the Cisalpine Republic.

Some years later, Napoleon created the Department of Alto Adige further north. This department was a part of the Kingdom of Italy from 1810 to 1814.  It was created with the division of the Austrian Tyrol between French Bavaria and the Kingdom of Italy, and included the southern part of Tyrol with the city of Bolzano with surroundings (along with the Trentino). The boundaries were made by Austrian and German commissioners, who said that a territory would belong to the Kingdom of Italy if it is inhabited by Italians.

The department was ended after the defeat of Napoleon in 1814. Its territory is now divided between the Italian provinces of Trentino and South Tyrol.

The name Alto Adige was reused. Today it is the Italian name of the part of Tyrol south of the Brenner Pass. Ettore Tolomei made it official in Italy after World War I.

References

More reading 
 Reinhard Stauber, Der Zentralstaat an seinen Grenzen. Administrative Integration, Herrschaftswechsel und politische Kultur im südlichen Alpenraum 1750–1820 (Schriftenreihe der Historischen Kommission der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 64), Göttingen, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2001.

Related pages
 Alto Adige
 District of Alto Adige
 Province of Bolzano-Bozen

History of Italy
1810 establishments in Europe
19th-century establishments in Italy
1814 disestablishments
19th-century disestablishments in Italy
1810s disestablishments in Europe
Josep Casadevall

Josep Casadevall (born 10 September 1946) is a lawyer from Andorra. He was born in Spain and received his law degree in Madrid in 1978.  He is now a judge at the European Court of Human Rights. He represents Andorra.

References 

Judges of the European Court of Human Rights
1946 births
Living people
Lawyers
Andorran people
Ineta Ziemele

Ineta Ziemele (born 12 February 1970) is a judge from Latvia. She has been a judge at the European Court of Human Rights since April 27, 2005. She is President of the Fourth Section since 2012.

References 

1970 births
Living people
Latvian politicians
Judges of the European Court of Human Rights
Women judges
Suzanne Pleshette

Suzanne Pleshette (January 31, 1937 – January 19, 2008) was an American actress. She played Jeanne Greene in Youngblood Hawke in 1964. She also played Annie Hayworth in The Birds one year earlier. She also voiced characters during certain movies. She then played Emily in the sitcom The Bob Newhart Show (1972-78).

Pleshette was born in Brooklyn, New York. She died from respiratory failure, after an operation removed part of her lung. She was 70.

References

American television actors
American movie actors
Actors from New York City
1937 births
2008 deaths
Deaths from cancer
Gleneagles Hotel

The Gleneagles Hotel is a hotel in Torquay, Devon, England. It is best known for being the inspiration for the British situation comedy, Fawlty Towers.

Sources

Hotels
Torquay
Patricia Hill Collins

Patricia Hill Collins (born May 1, 1948) is a Distinguished University Professor of Sociology at the University of Maryland, College Park. Her first book, Black Feminist Thought, was published in 1990. A book Collins wrote with Margaret Andersen called Race, Class and Gender: An Anthology was published in 1992. The sixth edition was published in 2007.

Early life and career
Collins was born in Philadelphia to working-class parents. She became a student at Brandeis University in 1965.
In 1982 Collins started work as an assistant professor at the University of Cincinnati.

References

1948 births
American feminists
Living people
(You Drive Me) Crazy

"(You Drive Me) Crazy" is a popular romance song by Britney Spears. It was released in late August 1999. The song charted at #10 on the Billboard Hot 100 and #9 in the Rhythmic Top 40. It performed better in United Kingdom.

The original version on the album ...Baby One More Time is different from the single version usually heard.

References

1999 songs
Britney Spears songs
The Spectator

The Spectator is a British conservative magazine. It was first published on 6 July 1828. The editor was Robert Stephen Rintoul. In April 1858 he died. The magazine was then sold. David and Frederick Barclay own the magazine. Boris Johnson was the magazine's editor. Fraser Nelson has been the magazine's editor since 2009. The magazine supports the Conservative Party. A lot of famous people have written in The Spectator.

References

1828 establishments in Europe
Magazines of the United Kingdom
1820s establishments in the United Kingdom
Rookie (magazine)

Rookie is an American online magazine for teenage girls. It was started by the fashion blogger Tavi Gevinson in September 2011 with Anaheed Alani as the editorial director. Gevinson was going to make the magazine with Jane Pratt. Pratt decided not to be part of the magazine. However, Gevinson said that she is  the magazine's "fairy godmother." Rookie has published interviews with famous people including Lorde, Emma Watson, and Kathleen Hanna. Rookie posts three times every weekday. Each month it has a theme. Rookie has released two yearbooks.

References

2011 establishments in the United States
American magazines
TNA King of the Mountain Championship

The TNA King of the Mountain Championship is a professional wrestling championship in Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA). The championship was debuted on the October 23, 2008 episode of TNA Impact! and was originally called the "TNA Legends Championship". It was considered the second highest-ranking title in TNA. It was declared defunct by the (storyline) TNA Executive Director Kurt Angle on July 3, 2014. The title was reactivated under the new name "TNA King of the Mountain Championship" on June 25, 2015.

History
Booker T revealed the championship after he took it out of a steel briefcase that he had been carrying around in the weeks leading up to the reveal. He named it the "TNA Legends Championship" and declared himself as the first champion. A.J. Styles defeated Booker T at Destination X on March 15, 2009 to win the championship.

Winning the title made Styles the first-ever TNA Grand Slam Champion after he had won the World Heavyweight (NWA or TNA), the World Tag Team (NWA or TNA), and the TNA X Division Championship along with the Legends Championship. The Management Director of TNA Jim Cornette announced that the Championship became an official TNA sanctioned championship because Styles defeated Booker T for it legally by the contract the two had signed to make the match official.

When Eric Young held the championship, he renamed it the "TNA Global Championship" on the October 29, 2009 episode of Impact! and said that he was not going to defend it against any American wrestlers or on American soil. Young was defeated by Rob Terry during a live event in Cardiff, Wales on January 27, 2010.

Terry lost the championship to A.J. Styles on the July 22 episode of Impact!. Styles renamed it the "TNA Television Championship" on the July 29 episode.

On July 3, 2014, the TNA Executive Director Kurt Angle declared that the Television Championship would become inactive.

On June 25, 2015, the championship was reactivated under the new name "TNA King of the Mountain Championship." It was announced by TNA that there would be a new champion crowned in a King of the Mountain match at Slammiversary. At Slammiversary, Jeff Jarrett defeated Matt Hardy, Eric Young, Drew Galloway, and Bobby Roode to win the championship. Since Jarrett was the founder and running GFW, there were suspicions of Jarrett defending the championship in GFW. The championship did appear at a GFW live event on July 9 where Young attacked Jarrett and stole the championship.

Reigns
The current champion is Bobby Roode. Roode is in his first reign as champion. He won the championship after defeating PJ Black during Impact Wrestling tapings on July 28, 2015.

The first champion was Booker T. He awarded himself the championship on the October 23, 2008 episode of Impact!. The longest reigns in the championship's history was Abyss' second reign which lasted 396 days. The shortest reign was PJ Black's first reign which lasted only 1 day.

References

Other websites
 TNA Television Championship History

Impact Wrestling
Amy Ryan

Amy Ryan (born May 3, 1968) is an American actress. In Gone Baby Gone she played Helene. She was nominated for several awards, including the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress. She did not win; however, she received other awards for her performance. Ryan played Beadie Russell in The Wire.

Ryan was born in Queens, New York.

References

Actors from New York City
American television actors
American movie actors
1969 births
Living people
Escape Plan

Escape Plan is an action, melodrama and thriller movie of 2013. The movie is about an engineer who is kept in a secret prison. The engineer is a former prosecutor. Sylvester Stallone plays Ray (the engineer), Arnold Schwarzenegger plays Emil Rottmayer and Victor Mannheim, and 50 Cent plays Hush. This movie was rated R by MPAA officials.

This movie was released in October 2013 with mixed critical reviews. The box office sales were somewhat low in the United States. Overseas, however, the movie performed quite well. It made over US$137 million.

References

2013 thriller movies
2010s action movies
American prison movies
American thriller movies
English-language movies
Morocco
Movies set in Africa
Movies set in Los Angeles
Movies set in Miami, Florida
New Orleans, Louisiana in fiction
Lionsgate movies
Long and Foster

Long and Foster is the largest privately owned real estate company in the United States. The company currently has around 170 sales offices with over 10,000 agents, mainly in the Mid-Atlantic region.

History
In 1968, Long and Foster was founded by Henry Long and Wesley Foster. Eleven years later, the company transferred complete ownership to Wesley Foster. Since its creation, the company has set up offices in Virginia, Maryland, Washington, D.C., Pennsylvania, New Jersey, West Virginia, Delaware, and North Carolina.

Services
Long and Foster provides sales and purchases of homes, land, and commercial properties; mortgage, title, and insurance assistance; insurance offerings; and relocation and settlement services.

References

Other websites 

 Long & Foster

Business
Fight or flight response

The fight-or-flight response (or acute stress response) is a set of physiological changes that occur when an animal is threatened. The changes include increased heart rate, breathing rate and blood pressure.

This response was first described by W.B Cannon. He found that animals react to threats with a general discharge of the sympathetic nervous system. This leads to changes such as those mentioned above. The changes prepare the animal for fighting or fleeing. This response is the first stage of a general adaptation that regulates stress responses among vertebrates and other organisms.

Evolutionary perspective 
The fight or flight response lets animals respond quickly to threats. This system is universal in vertebrates. That shows it is ancient in origin, and very important.

Humans have some problems with the system, because though they share the physiology with other animals, they rarely face a clear-cut fight or flight choice. Humans can try to talk their way through various problems and semi-threats, but they may suffer stress when the issues are not easily solved.

Other responses 
Animals respond in many ways to situations which threaten them. The fight/flight choice is just one alternative. At one extreme is the way mother cats with kittens will defend them to the death if necessary. Another situation is the way many animals keep still when a predator is nearby. Their camouflage is often effective.

References 

Ethology
Physiology
Ormoc

Ormoc is a city in the Philippines. It is in the Eastern Visayas region in the province of Leyte. It is the second largest city in the province. In 2010, 190,000 people lived in Ormoc.

In 1991, Ormoc was hit by Typhoon Thelma. On 8 November 2013, the city was affected by Super Typhoon Yolanda (Haiyan).

Ormoc is one of a few cities in the Philippines where people use e-tricycles.

The city and nearby areas are sometimes attacked by the New People's Army (NPA).

The city got its name from ogmok, an old Visayan term for lowland.

References 

Cities in the Philippines
Gail Dines

Gail Dines (July 29, 1958 in Manchester) is a British-American radical feminist and anti-pornography activist. Her book Pornland: How Porn Has Hijacked our Sexuality was published in 2010. She is Jewish.

She moved to the United States in 1986. She is Professor of Sociology and Women's Studies at Wheelock College in Boston.

Dines says that modern pornography is cruel and violent. She started a group called Stop Porn Culture.

References

1958 births
Living people
American activists
American feminist writers
American radical feminists
American sociologists
Anti-pornography activists
British activists
British feminists
British sociologists
Feminist writers
Jewish activists
Jewish American academics
Jewish American writers
Jewish British writers
Jewish feminists
Naturalized citizens of the United States
People from Manchester
Radical feminists
Brown County, Indiana

Brown County is a county in Indiana. Its county seat is Nashville.

Cities 
There are no cities in Brown County

Towns 
Nashville

References 

Indiana counties
1836 establishments in Indiana
Larry D. Mann

Larry D. Mann (18 December 1922 – 6 January 2014) was a Canadian actor.  He was known for his voice role as Rudolph on Rudolph the Red Nose Reindeer.

Mann died on 6 January 2014 at his home in Los Angeles. He died from Alzheimer's disease. He was aged 91.

References

Other websites
 Larry D. Mann profile on northernstars.ca 
 

1922 births
2014 deaths
Actors from Toronto
Canadian movie actors
Canadian stage actors
Canadian television actors
Canadian voice actors
Deaths from Alzheimer's disease
Disease-related deaths in the United States
Naturalized citizens of the United States
American movie actors
American stage actors
American television actors
American voice actors
Alma Muriel

Alma Muriel (20 October 1951 – 5 January 2014) was a Mexican actress. She was known for playing villain roles on telenovelas.

Muriel was born in Mexico City on 20 October 1951. She was partners with actor Joaquín Cordero.

Muriel died from a heart attack on 5 January 2014 at her apartment in Playa del Carmen, Quintana Roo. She was aged 62.

References

Other websites

1951 births
2014 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Mexican movie actors
Mexican television actors
Mexican stage actors
Actors from Mexico City
Cutthroat Kitchen

Cutthroat Kitchen is a reality cooking television show that airs on Food Network. It began on August 11, 2013. It is hosted by Alton Brown.

Format
Four chefs are given three cooking challenges. Each challenge has a type of dish that the chefs have to make in 30 minutes. Before then, the chefs have one minute to get ingredients out of a pantry. After 30 minutes, a judge tastes each dish, and the chef with the worst dish is eliminated.

At the start of the game, the chefs are each given $25,000. In the first two challenges, Brown shows items that are put up to auction for the chefs to buy using their money. The chefs can use these items on other chefs to change their ingredients, what cooking tools they can use, and other things. For example, an item may force a chef to cook using canned ingredients instead of fresh ones. The chef who is eliminated has to give back the money that they have. In the last challenge, no items are shown at first, but during the first minutes of the challenge, Brown will put items up for auction. This makes it so the person who gets the item has to change their dish based on what the item does. The chef that wins keeps the money that they have left.

References

Other websites
 Official website
 
 

2013 American television series debuts
Food Network
Reality television series
English-language television programs
Pescetarianism

Pescetarianism means having a diet that is vegetarianism but with fish and other seafoods.

References

Nutrition
Semi-vegetarianism

Semi-vegetarianism means eating seafood or poultry, or both, but no red meat. People who eat red meat on rare occasion are flexitarians. Real or semi-vegetarians, though, usually resent flexitarian, looking down on this term and calling it cheating. 

A pescetarian is a person who eats fish, shrimp and seafood. They do not eat poultry.

A pollotarian is a person who eats chicken. They do not eat red meat, seafood or fish.

Pollo-pescetarians eat seafood, shrimp and poultry but no red meat.

People who have semi-vegetarian diets are usually doing so for health reasons, including avoiding heart disease, diabetes and strokes.

References

Nutrition
Ovo-lacto vegetarianism

Ovo-lacto vegetarianism (alternate: lacto-ovo) is a diet in which people do not eat the flesh of animals. They do, though, eat eggs and dairy. Ovo-lacto vegetarians are the most prevalent types in the Western world. Such people are well served in restaurants, especially in certain parts of Europe and in North America.

Ovo-lacto vegetarians use this diet sometimes for religious reasons. Others use it for health.

References

Vegetarianism
Béla Károlyi

Béla Károlyi (; born September 13, 1942) is a Romanian gymnastics coach. He was born in Kolozsvár (now Cluj-Napoca). At the time it was part of Hungary. He helped coach several gymnasts during the 1996 Summer Olympics.

References

Other websites
Béla Karolyi's bio at USA Gymnastics 
Image of Karolyi carrying Kerri Strug
"Bela Karolyi: World Renowned Gymnastics Coach" , Shade Global, New York, NY (PDF version)

1942 births
Living people
Romanian people
Coaches
Liam Cosgrave

Liam Cosgrave (13 April 1920 – 4 October 2017) was an Irish politician. Cosgrave served as Prime Minister of Ireland (1973–77) and as Leader of Fine Gael (1965–77). He was a Teachta Dála (TD) from 1943 to 1981.

Cosgrave died in Dublin on 4 October 2017 at the age of 97, after a long illness.

References

1920 births
Living people
Taoisigh of Ireland
People from Dublin
Members of Fine Gael
Prem Tinsulanonda

General Prem Tinsulanonda (August 26, 1920 – May 26, 2019) was a Thai retired military officer. He was Prime Minister of Thailand from March 3, 1980 to August 4, 1988. He was the Regent of Thailand and the Head of the Privy Council.

Tinsulanonda died on May 26, 2019 from heart failure at a Bangkok hospital at the age of 98.

References

Other websites

General Prem Tinsulanonda Home Page
Prem Center for International Education
News article about his recent activity 

1920 births
2019 deaths
Deaths from heart failure
Prem Tinsulanonda
Prem Tinsulanonda
Tun Tin

Thura U Tun Tin (, ; 2 October 1920 – 1 May 2020) was an Burmese politician. Tin served as the 9th Prime Minister of Burma for a few months in 1988.

He was born in Myitkyina on 2 October 1920. He studied at Mandalay College in 1941.

Tin died on 1 May 2020 in Yangon at the age of 99.

References

1920 births
2020 deaths
Prime Ministers of Myanmar
Lê Đức Anh

Lê Đức Anh (1 December 1920 – 22 April 2019) was an Vietnamese general and politician. He was President of Vietnam from 1992 until 1997. He became president after leading the Vietnamese forces in Cambodia throughout the 1980s. He was regarded as a conservative. He supported maintaining strict party control over local policies.

He was born in Phú Lộc District, Thừa Thiên–Huế Province on 1 December 1920. He died of stroke-related problems on 22 April 2019 in Hanoi, aged 98.

References

1920 births
2019 deaths
Deaths from stroke
Generals
Government ministers
Military personnel of the Vietnam War
Presidents of Vietnam
Vietnamese military people
40

Year 40 (XL) was a leap year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Augustus without colleague.

Events

Roman Empire 
 The emperor Caligula is consul without colleague.
 Caligula starts a campaign to conquer Britain. It fails miserably. He names himself the winner.
 Noricum and Mauretania are added into the Roman Empire.
 Caligula reforms the principatus into a Hellenistic Autocracy. He distributes honors carelessly, declares himself a god and orders that all the heads of the Greek deity statues be replaced by his. According to legend, this is when he appointed his horse, Incitatus,  a senator.
 Approximate date of start of construction on the Pont du Gard aqueduct in Gallia Narbonensis.
 Philo teaches that all men are born free.
 An early Christian church is erected at Corinth (most probable date).

Europe 
 The Germanic Quadi tribe begin settling in present-day Moravia and Slovakia.

Asia 
 Vardanes I becomes king of Parthia.  He was opposed by his brother Gotarzes II.
 The Vietnamese Trung sisters rebel against the rule of the Chinese Emperor Guangwu of Han.

Africa 
 Christianity comes to Egypt.  Mark the Evangelist founds the Coptic Orthodox Church as the first pope.

Births 
 July 13 – Gnaeus Julius Agricola, Roman governor of Britain (d. 93 AD)
 Pedanius Dioscorides, Greek physician (approximate date) (d. 90 AD)
 Frontinus, Roman general and military author (approximate date) (d. 103)
 Dio Chrysostom, Greek philosopher and historian (approximate date d. c. 120)
 Claudia Octavia, daughter of Claudius and Messalina (d. 62)
 Empress Ma of the Han Dynasty (d. 79)

Deaths 
 January – Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus, husband of Agrippina the younger, brother-in-law of Caligula (b. 17 BC)
 Ptolemy of Mauretania (b. 1 BC)

40
Antonio Imbert Barrera

Antonio Imbert Barrera (December 3, 1920 – May 31, 2016) was a politician of the Dominican Republic. He served as President of the Dominican Republic from May 7, 1965 until August 30, 1965. The president before him was Pedro Bartolomé Benoit. The president after him was Héctor García Godoy.

References

1920 births
2016 deaths
North American military people
Presidents of the Dominican Republic
Pedro Richter Prada

Pedro Richter Prada (January 4, 1921 – July 14, 2017) was a Peruvian politician. Prada was the Prime Minister of Peru from 31 January 1979 to 28 July 1980. On December 28, 2007, the Italian government arrested Prada for the disappearance of 25 Italian citizens in the 1970s.

In February 2015 a trial started in Italy related to Operation Condor, there were indictments against 32 people, including Richter Prada. He was charged with aggravated murder.

Prada died in Lima, Peru on July 14, 2017 at the age of 96.

References 

1921 births
2017 deaths
Prime Ministers of Peru
Criminals
Jean, Grand Duke of Luxembourg

Grand Duke Jean of Luxembourg (5 January 1921 – 23 April 2019) ruled Luxembourg from 1964 to 2000. He was the father of the current ruler, Grand Duke Henri. He was the son of Grand Duchess Charlotte and Prince Felix of Bourbon-Parma.

Life
Jean was born at Berg Castle, in central Luxembourg. His name at birth was Jean Benoît Guillaume Robert Antoine Louis Marie Adolphe Marc d'Aviano.

He became Grand Duke when his mother, the Grand Duchess Charlotte, abdicated on 12 November 1964.

Grand Duke Jean abdicated on 7 October 2000. He was succeeded on the throne by his son Henri. Grand Duke Jean lived at Fischbach Castle.

Jean died at a hospital in Luxembourg City on 23 April 2019 from a lung infection at the age of 98.

Titles and styles
5 January 1921 – 12 November 1964: His Royal Highness The Hereditary Grand Duke of Luxembourg, Hereditary Prince of Nassau, Prince of Bourbon-Parma
12 November 1964 – 7 October 2000: His Royal Highness The Grand Duke of Luxembourg, Duke of Nassau
7 October 2000 – 23 April 2019: His Royal Highness Grand Duke Jean of Luxembourg, Duke of Nassau

References

Other websites

Official biography (in French)
Cour Grand-Ducale de Luxembourg (in French)

1921 births
2019 deaths
Deaths from respiratory tract infection
Grand Dukes of Luxembourg
2014 North American polar vortex

The 2014 North American polar vortex was a weather system that caused extremely cold weather through Canada and the United States. Freezing temperatures went all the way down to Nashville, Tennessee. Several cities broke records: Chicago O'Hare International Airport set a record on 6 January with a temperature of , beating the  record in 1884 and 1988. There were also power failures throughout Canada and United States. One in Newfoundland on 5 January took out the power of 190,000 customers. Almost 24,000 people lost electricity across Missouri, Illinois and Indiana.

In Minnesota, Governor Mark Dayton ordered all schools closed down due to weather. Across Indiana, over fifty of the state's ninety-two counties ordered roads closed to all traffic except emergency vehicles, mostly north of Indianapolis.

Several people were killed because of the extreme weather all across North America.

References

2014 in North America
Severe weather
2014 in weather
Natural disasters in the United States
Natural disasters in Canada
Simon Blackburn

Simon Blackburn (born 12 July 1944) is a British philosopher. He went to Clifton College. He was Professor of Philosophy at the University of Cambridge.  He is also a Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge. He wrote The Oxford Dictionary of Philosophy.

References

1944 births
English philosophers
Living people
Strange Days (movie)

Strange Days is a cyberpunk thriller movie. It was released on October 13, 1995. The story is about celebrations for the new millennium in Los Angeles, in December 1999. The area is a dangerous war zone. The movie is also about coverups, murders and deception. Ralph Fiennes plays Lenny, Angela Bassett plays Mace and Juliette Lewis plays Faith. Its run time was 145 minutes.

The reviews of the movie were positive. The movie, however, did not make much money at the box office.

Other websites 
 
 

1990s science fiction movies
1995 thriller movies
1995 action movies
1995 drama movies
American science fiction movies
American thriller movies
Dystopian movies
Marcia Griffiths

Marcia Griffiths (born November 23, 1949) is a Jamaican singer. She had "Electric Boogie" (also called the "Electric Slide") in the late 1980s as a hit single. Griffiths began her singing career in 1964. She usually performs reggae music. She was in a duet named Bob and Marcia. 

Griffiths was born in Kingston.

References

Jamaican singers
Reggae musicians
1949 births
Living people
Liz Jones

Elizabeth Ann "Liz" Jones (born 5 September 1958) is a British journalist. She is known for writing for the Daily Mail. In 2014 Jones became a contestant on Celebrity Big Brother (UK). She was one of the contestants nominated for the first eviction.

Career
In April 1999 Jones became the editor of Marie Claire magazine. She was sacked two years later.

Personal life
She became anorexic when she was 11 years old. She is deaf. She married Nirpal Singh Dhaliwa in 2002. In 2007 she divorced him.

References

1958 births
Celebrity Big Brother contestants
English journalists
Living people
St Edmund Hall, Oxford

St. Edmund Hall is one of the colleges of the University of Oxford. It was founded as a hall for undergraduate students sometime prior to 1317. There is no record of the date it was founded, but it likely existed as a hall in the early 13th Century. Because the other Oxford colleges did not begin to admit undergraduates until the 16th Century, it claims to be the oldest academic society for undergraduates at any university.  The Hall became a full college of the University in 1957.

References

Colleges of the University of Oxford
1957 establishments in the United Kingdom
1950s establishments in England
St John's College, Oxford

St. John's College is one of the colleges of the University of Oxford. It was founded in 1555 by Sir Thomas White. White was a rich merchant from London.

References

Colleges of the University of Oxford
1555 establishments
1550s establishments in England
Soldiers of Christ, Arise

"Soldiers of Christ, Arise" is an English hymn from the 18th century. The words were written by Charles Wesley (1707–1788), and came from a poem called "The Whole Armour of God, Ephesians VI" in 1747.

References

18th-century works
Christian hymns
Robert Zulj

Robert Zulj (born 5 February 1992) is an Austrian football player. He plays for Red Bull Salzburg  in the Austrian Bundesliga.
He also played in the Austrian Under-18 and Under-19 national team. At the moment he plays in the Under-21 national team. In January 2014 he went from SV Ried to FC Red Bull Salzburg.

References

1992 births
Living people
Austrian footballers
FC Red Bull Salzburg players
Thomas White (merchant)

Sir Thomas White (1492–12 February 1567) was an English cloth merchant, civic leader and founder of St John's College, Oxford.

Career 

Thomas White was born in Reading, Berkshire. He was the son of William White, a clothier of Reading, and his wife, Mary, daughter of Henry Kibblewhite. At age 12 he became an apprentice to a London merchant. In time he became a prosperous clothier. In 1546 he served as sheriff of London. In 1553 he was Lord Mayor of London. Thomas White became Sir Thomas White when he was knighted by Queen Mary II of England the same year. Sir Thomas founded St John's College, Oxford in 1555. He died on 12 February 1567 at Oxford University. Sir Thomas was buried in the chapel of St. John's College, Oxford.

The Sir Thomas White Loan Charity was started in 1542 and it still exists. It gives interest-free loans to new businesses in Leicestershire and Rutland. There are several memorials to Sir Thomas White in England and he is memorialized on Leicester's clock tower.

Family  

Sir Thomas first married a woman named Avice. She died on 26 February 1558. He married secondly Joan, daughter of John Lake. She was the widow of Ralph Warren, Lord Mayor of London. Sir Thomas White did not have any children by either wife.

References

Other websites 

Sir Thomas White Loan Charity

1490s births
1567 deaths
Knights
Mayors of London
Simon Hoggart

Simon David Hoggart (26 May 1946 – 5 January 2014) was an English journalist and broadcaster. 

He was born in Ashton-under-Lyne, Lancashire, the son of Richard Hoggart and elder brother of Paul Hoggart. 

Hoggart wrote opinions about politics for The Guardian. He also wrote opinions about wine for The Spectator. Until 2006, he presented The News Quiz on Radio 4. His journalism sketches have been published in a series of books.

Hoggart died from pancreatic cancer on 5 January 2014. He was aged 67.

References

Other websites

Column archive at The Guardian
Simon Hoggart's week parliamentary sketch series at The Guardian
Column archive  at the New Humanist
The News Quiz at BBC Radio 4

5 minutes with Simon Hoggart on Hot Dinners

1946 births
2014 deaths
Deaths from pancreatic cancer
English journalists
English radio personalities
Writers from Lancashire
Mustafa Ben Halim

Mustafa Ahmed Ben Halim (; 29 January 1921 – 7 December 2021) was an Libyan politician. He served as the Prime Minister of Libya from 12 April 1954 to 25 May 1957.

Ben Halim is the last surviving of the Kingdom of Libya's premiers. He is the only one of them who survived the removal of Muammar Gaddafi in 2011.

He was also Foreign and Transport minister, and Libyan ambassador to France.

References

Other websites
"Libya's Hidden Pages of History: A Memoir - صفحات مطوية من تاريخ ليبيا السياسي" Rimal Publications, 2011 (Arabic Edition)  
"Libya's Hidden Pages of History: A Memoir" Rimal Publications, 2013 (English Edition) 

1921 births
2021 deaths
Ambassadors to France
Government ministers
People from Alexandria
Prime Ministers of Libya
Yitzhak Navon

Yitzhak Navon (‎; 9 April 1921 – 6 November 2015) was an Israeli politician, diplomat and author. He was the fifth President of Israel between 1978 and 1983. He was the first Israeli president to be born in Jerusalem and not Russia.

In 2005, people voted him as the 108th-greatest Israeli of all time, in a poll by the Israeli news website Ynet.

References

Other websites

Yitzhak Navon Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Yitzhak Navon Jewish Virtual Library
Some songs with lyrics and/or  music by Yitzhak Navon 

1921 births
2015 deaths
Former Members of Knesset
Government ministers of Israel
Israeli diplomats
Jewish Israeli politicians
Jewish Israeli writers
People from Jerusalem
Presidents of Israel
Abdelmalek Benhabyles

Abdelmalek Benhabyles  (27 April 1921 – 28 December 2018) was an Algerian politician. He was born in Chevreuil. He was a chairman of the Constitutional Council (President of Algeria) from 11 January 1992 until 14 January 1992.

In his later political career, he was the country's ambassador to Japan, Tunisia, Switzerland and the Vatican.

Benhabyles died in Algiers, Algeria on 28 December 2018 at the age of 97.

References 

1921 births
2018 deaths
Ambassadors of Algeria
Presidents of Algeria
Port Talbot

Port Talbot is a town and community in the principal area of Neath Port Talbot, Wales. It is located 7 miles (11 km) to the east of Swansea across the Swansea Bay.

In 2011, the town had a population of 37,276.

The town is best known for Port Talbot Steelworks, one of the biggest steelworks in the world. However, for many years, the steelworks has been under threat of closure.

Arguably Port Talbot's most famous son is actor, director and film producer Sir Anthony Hopkins, who was born in the Margam suburb of the town.

Gallery

Towns in Wales
PSR B1257+12 B

PSR B1257+12 B is an extrasolar planet in the constellation of Virgo. It is around 980 light years away from Earth. It was the first planet ever discovered outside of the Solar System. It is over four times bigger than Earth. It orbits the pulsar PSR B1257+12, going around it approximately every 66 days at a distance of 0.36 AU.

References

Other websites

 extrasolarplanet.net data 
 Pulsar Planets 
Exoplanets
Rob Gonsalves

Robert "Rob" Gonsalves (July 10, 1959 – June 14, 2017) is a Canadian painter of magic and surreal events.

Recognition
Gonsalves's art was not recognized until several years after he started, in the Toronto Outdoor Art Exhibit. He was given a small spot there to show off his most recent art. During the exhibit, he received a large amount of encouragement.

Distribution
Gonsalves currently sells his latest work at exhibits and multiple websites. His most visited exhibits include the Art Expo in New York and Los Angeles, Decor Atlanta and Las Vegas, Fine Art Forum, as well as one-man shows at Discovery Galleries, Ltd., Marcus Ashley Gallery, and the Hudson River Art Gallery.

Books
In June 2003, Simon & Schuster produced Gonsalves's first book, Imagine a Night. A second book, Imagine a Day, was produced in 2004. That book received the 2005 Governor General's Award. In 2008, Gonsalves produced another book, Imagine a Place.

References

Other websites
Huckleberry Fine Art Gallery
The Magic Realism of Rob Gonsalves

Painters
1959 births
2017 deaths
People from Toronto
Metropolis (comics)

Metropolis is a fictional city in DC Comics. It is where Superman lives. The city is based on New York City, Chicago and Toronto. It became Superman's home in 1939. Within the DC Universe, Metropolis is one of the largest and richest cities on Earth. It has a population of nearly 11 million people.

References

Fictional locations
Superman
Daily Planet

The Daily Planet is a fictional newspaper in the universe of DC Comics. Superman's ego Clark Kent works here with Lois Lane, Jimmy Olsen and Perry White.

The Daily Planet office building has a large globe on its roof. Jerry Siegel said that the design of the building was based on the Old Toronto Star Building. Future appearances of the building were soon inspired by the Chicago Board of Trade Building and the Empire State Building.

Superman
Fictional locations
It's My Party

It's My Party is a romance and drama movie. It was released March 1996. The story is about a two-day-long party given by Nick Stark, a man with AIDS. Instead of dying slowly, he decides to kill himself using Seconal. Eric Roberts plays Nick, Marlee Matlin plays Daphne, Margaret Cho plays Charlene Lee, Sally Kellerman plays Sara, Olivia Newton-John plays Lina.

The movie had mixed to positive reviews. Its running time was 110 minutes.

1990s romantic drama movies
1996 romance movies
1996 drama movies
It's My Party (song)

"It's My Party" is a song by Lesley Gore from 1963. The song is about a teenage girl during a party on her birthday. Her boyfriend, Johnny, goes missing during the party. He comes back with another girl, Judy, who is wearing his ring. The girl Johnny left becomes so unhappy that she cries.

The song was written in 1962. The single peaked near #1 for the pop and rhythm and blues musical charts. Other musicians have recorded the song.

1963 songs
Pop songs
Florrie

Florence Arnold (or Florrie; born 28 December 1988) is a British singer-songwriter and a model. She began singing around 2008. Her debut EP record, Introduction, came out in 2010. She has released two albums since then, in 2011 and 2012.

Florrie was born in Bristol, England.

Reference

1988 births
Living people
English models
English singer-songwriters
Entertainers from Bristol
Sasheer Zamata

Sasheer Zamata Moore (; born May 6, 1986) is an American actress and comedienne. In 2014, she started appearing on Saturday Night Live. She was the first black woman on the show since 2007. 

Zamamta was raised in Indianapolis, Indiana.  She lives in New York City.

References

Other websites
Official website
Sasheer Zamata on Twitter

1986 births
Actors from Indianapolis, Indiana
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American voice actors
African American actors
African American comedians
Living people
Comedians from Indiana
Jura, Scotland

Jura  is an island in the Inner Hebrides of Scotland, just north-east of Islay. Compared with its fertile and more populous neighbour, Jura is mountainous, bare and infertile. It is covered largely by vast areas of blanket bog,  hence its small population. In a list of the islands of Scotland ranked by size, Jura comes eighth, whereas ranked by population it comes thirty-first. It is in the council area of Argyll and Bute.

References 

Islands of Scotland
Krip Hop

Krip-Hop is a movement that draws attention to hip-hop artists with disabilities. Leroy Moore's Krip Hop Nation has released two mix tape CDs. The 'Krip' in Krip Hop is short for 'cripple'. The word is used by some disabled people to describe themselves. Moore chose to change the 'c' in 'crip' to a 'k' because there is a gang called the Crips. Krip Hop Nation performed at the Happening Weekend at DaDaFest 2010.

Musicians
Krip-Hop musicians include Miss Money and Kalyn Heffernan. Heffernan has brittle bone disease. She is the frontwoman of a group called Wheelchair Sports Camp.

References

Disability
Hip hop