cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Lauderhill, Florida

Lauderhill is a town in south Florida. It is in Broward County, ten miles from the Atlantic Ocean.

In 2010, 66,887 people lived there. Nearly 60% of the population is black. Many are Jamaicans who immigrated in the last 30 years. Nearly 25% are white, mostly old people retired from New England.

Other websites 
 City of Lauderhill official website

Cities in Florida
Monica Iozzi

Monica Iozzi de Castro (November 2, 1981 in Ribeirão Preto, Brazil) is a Brazilian actress and reporter. Currently she integrates the TV Show Custe o Que Custar of the Rede Bandeirantes.

References 

1981 births
Living people
Brazilian actors
Socialite

A socialite is a wealthy person who takes part in social activities and spends a large amount of time entertaining and being entertained at upper-class events.

American socialites used to be listed in the Social Register. It was a list of names and addresses of the people who were thought to be more socially acceptable in the socially important families in the 19th century. In 1886, Louis Keller had the idea of combining these lists and selling them. Mr. Keller had great success. By 1918 there were 18 yearly volumes that covered 26 cities.

The term includes many people who are "famous because they are famous". These people are not famous because of something they have done. They are famous most often because of which family they are a member of and/or how they are talked about by the media.

Related pages

 Upper class

References
Bedworth

Bedworth  is a small market town in Warwickshire, England. It is  northwest of London,  east of Birmingham, and  north of the county town of Warwick. The town is home to many sights including The Bedworth Water Tower and The Nicholas Chamberlaine Almshouses. It was also known for mining, which is not done anymore. They also are known for the vast amount of Charity Shops which are located in most parts of the town.

The town is pronounced "Beduf" by the people that live there.

Towns in Warwickshire
Thomas Schaaf

Thomas Schaaf (born 30 April 1961 in Mannheim) is a former German football player. Schaaf was a defender. He is now coach of SV Werder Bremen in the German Bundesliga.

Career
After the death of his father the Schaaf family went to Bremen. They lived near the Weser Stadion. And so Thomas Schaaf came to SV Werder. He spent all his active and manager time with SV Werder. In 1972 he came to Werder Bremen's youth academy. 1978 he turned professional. Till 1994 he played 281 matches for Werder Bremen. He was with Bremen two times German Champion (1988, 1993) and two times Cup winner (1991, 1994). He also won the UEFA Cup  in 1992. As player he played two times for the German U21 national team.

Schaaf began his coaching career during his active career. He was then coach of Werder's youth teams U17 (1987/88) and U19 (1988 - 1995). 1993 till 1995 he was assistance coach in the first team. After four years as coach with the second team he became coach of the first team in 1999. He is still coach. He is the longest serving coach in today's German Bundesliga. As coach of the first team he won the German Bundesliga in 2004 and was three times Cup winner (1999, 2004, 2009). From 2004 his team qualified 5 times for the  UEFA Champions League.

Thomas Schaaf is married and has a daughter. He is also engaged in social issues. He is ambassador for the "Zentrum für trauernde Kinder und Jugendliche " (center for mourning children and youths).

Other websites 
 Fansite Thomas Schaaf (German) 
 Profile Official Werder Homepage (German) 

1961 births
Living people
German football managers
German footballers
People from Mannheim
Sportspeople from Baden-Württemberg
SV Werder Bremen managers‎
Mimasaka Province

or  was an old province of Japan in the area of Okayama Prefecture on the island of Honshū. 

The province had borders with Bitchū, Bizen, Harima, Hōki, and Inaba Provinces.

The ancient capital city of the province was Tsuyama.

History

In 713 (Wadō 6, 3rd month), the land of Mimasaka was separated from Bizen Province.   

Mimasaka was the home of the samurai Miyamoto Musashi who is known for writing The Book of Five Rings.

In the Meiji period, the provinces of Japan were converted into prefectures.  The maps of Japan and Mimasaka Province were reformed in the 1870s.

Shrines and Temples
Nakayama jinja was the chief Shinto shrine (ichinomiya) of Mimasaka.

Related pages
 Provinces of Japan
 Prefectures of Japan
 List of regions of Japan
 List of islands of Japan

References

Other websites 

  Murdoch's map of provinces, 1903

Former provinces of Japan
Okayama Prefecture
Nagato Province

, often called , was an old province of Japan in the area of Yamaguchi Prefecture on the island of Honshū. 

The province had borders with Iwami and Suō Provinces.

The ancient capital city of the province was Shimonoseki.

History

In the Meiji period, the provinces of Japan were converted into prefectures.  The maps of Japan and Nagato Province were reformed in the 1870s.

The Japanese battleship Nagato was named after this province.

Shrines and Temples
Sumiyoshi jinja was the chief Shinto shrine (ichinomiya) of Nagato.

Related pages
 Provinces of Japan
 Prefectures of Japan
 List of regions of Japan
 List of islands of Japan

References

Other websites 

  Murdoch's map of provinces, 1903

Former provinces of Japan
Yamaguchi Prefecture
Suō Province

was an old province of Japan in the area of Yamaguchi Prefecture on the island of Honshū. It was sometimes called . 

The province had borders with Aki, Iwami, and Nagato Provinces.

The ancient capital city of the province was Hōfu.

History

In the Meiji period, the provinces of Japan were converted into prefectures.  The maps of Japan and Suō Province were reformed in the 1870s.

Shrines and Temples
Tamanoya jinja was the chief Shinto shrine (ichinomiya) of Suō.

Related pages
 Provinces of Japan
 Prefectures of Japan
 List of regions of Japan
 List of islands of Japan

References

Other websites 

  Murdoch's map of provinces, 1903

Former provinces of Japan
Yamaguchi Prefecture
Alexander Zickler

Alexander "Alex" Zickler (born 28 February 1974 in Bad Salzungen, then German Democratic Republic) is a German football manager and former football player. He played as a striker. During his career he played for FC Bayern Munich.

Career
He started playing at the age of six with Dynamo Dresden. He played in all youth ranks. His debut in the first team was on 23 October 1992 against 1. FC Nuremberg. In July 1993 Zickler went to FC Bayern Munich  where he stayed as a player for 11 seasons. During this time he was often injured. He scored 18 goals as substitute which is record in the German Bundesliga.

In June 2005 he went to FC Red Bull Salzburg together with his team mate Thomas Linke. With Red Bull Salzburg he won three Austrian titles. 2006 he was elected Austrian footballer of the year by the coaches of the Austrian Bundesliga. 2010 he went to LASK Linz. After the end of the 2010/11 season he retired from football. He went back to Red Bull Salzburg where he works as contact partner for fans and partner firms.

Alexander Zickler played 17 times for Germanys U21 national team and scored 7 goals. In 12 matches for the German national football team he scored two goals.

Honours

Club
 Bayern Munich
 Bundesliga (7): 1993–94, 1996–97, 1998–99, 1999–2000, 2000–01, 2002–03, 2004–05
 DFB-Pokal (4): 1997–98, 1999–2000, 2002–03, 2004–05
 DFB-Ligapokal (5): 1996–97, 1997–98, 1998–99, 1999–2000, 2003–04
 UEFA Champions League (1): 2000–01
 UEFA Cup (1): 1995–96
 Intercontinental Cup (1): 2001

 Red Bull Salzburg
 Austrian Bundesliga (3): 2006–07, 2008–09, 2009–10

Individual
 Austrian League Topscorer (2): 2006-07, 2007–08
 Austrian Footballer of the Year (1): 2005–06
 Austrian Footballers Association Player of the Year (1): 2006–07

References

Other websites

 Players profile Fußballdaten.de (German)

1974 births
German football managers
German footballers
Living people
FC Red Bull Salzburg players
Sportspeople from Thuringia
Apollo 5

Apollo 5 was the first unmanned test flight of the Apollo Lunar Module. The Apollo Lunar Module was the lander part of Apollo spacecraft. The module was launched on January 22, 1968 from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station.

References 

Apollo program
Hallucigenia

Hallucigenia is an extinct genus of animal found as fossils in the Middle Cambrian Burgess Shale formation of British Columbia, Canada. Another species is found in the Lower Cambrian Maotianshan shale of China.  

Hallucigenia was thought by Stephen Jay Gould to be unrelated to any living species, but most palaeontologists now believe that the species was a velvet worm, a relative of modern arthropods.

Unlike its contemporary Aysheaia, Hallucigenia has very little resemblance to modern Onychophora. The elongated, and clawed legs bear little resemblance to the paired annulated legs of the Onychophora. It is unknown what the spines were made of and how much 'protection' they offered. It is not easy to explain why 30 or more specimens — each thought to have seven pairs of rather long, flexible legs — do not show even one example of paired legs. But at least this reconstruction of the animal can plausibly walk, and the spines serve a reasonable purpose. A picture of this reconstruction as well as a photograph of an actual fossil can be seen on the Geological Survey of Canada's website.

References 

Invertebrates
Fossils
Cambrian
Jōgan

was a  after Ten'an and before Gangyō.  This period started in April 859 and ended in April 877. During this time, the emperors were  and  .

Events of the Jōgan era

 859 (Jōgan 1, 1st month): New Year's festivities were suspended during national mourning for the death of Emperor Montoku.

 864 (Jōgan 6, 5th month): Mount Fuji erupted during 10 days. Cinders and ash fell to earth as far away as Kai Province.

 869 (Jōgan 10): Prince Sadaakira was born.  He will later become Emperor Yōzei.

 9 July 869 (May 26, Jōgan 11). The 869 Sanriku earthquake and tsunami causes damage at the Sanriku coast near Sendai.

 870 (Jōgan 11): Sadaakira was named Seiwa's heir.

 876 (Jōgan 17, 11th month): In the 18th year of Seiwa's reign, the emperor abdicated.  His five-year-old son received the succession (senso).   Soon after, Emperor Yōzei accepted the monarch's role and duties and powers (sokui).  This was confirmed in ceremonies.

A collection of laws issued after 811 was published during this era.  It was called the Jōgan kyaku-siki.

Related pages
 Heian period

References

Other websites 
 National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection

Japanese eras
850s establishments in Japan
9th-century disestablishments in Japan
859 establishments
877 disestablishments
Software testing

Software testing takes place during software engineering. It is done before the release to the final audience.

Software testing is meant to see how the software works under different conditions. These conditions might be different depending on what the audience is. Testing is done to understand if it will work  correctly, partially fail to work properly, or totally fail to work properly. Each test may be used to see how one, or many, parts of the software work at a point in its development.

Proper performance may be based on  specific (written)  requirements or standards (which might, for example, be usability). Bad performance, or poor quality, might cause an unhappy audience. This could cause more work needing to be done on the software and higher costs.

A review of the results of tests may show that some parts of the software system may need to be done again, or may work well. Some bad performances or software bugs may need to be fixed.  After more work on the software, testing may be done again.

For larger software systems, tracking may take place checking completeness of the set of tests, test results, and how quickly any problems are fixed. All this information can be used for decision making about how ready the software is, and when it could be released to the final audience.

Software testing may be done with separate parts of the software, with a group of these parts, or with the entire software. Software testing may be done by allowing the software to be used by a small number of people who the software is meant for, under controlled settings. It is then tested with a larger group of people under less controlled settings (beta testing).

Some related terms are unit testing, white box testing, black box testing, regression testing, manual testing, automated testing, testing tools, test plan, test case, test data and test coverage.

Software
Ōhō

was a  after Eiryaku and before Chōkan.  This period started in September 1161 and ended in March 1163.  During this time, the emperor was .

Events of the Ōhō era
 1161 (Ōhō 1, 2nd month): The emperor visited Kasuga Shrine and other shrines which were situated just outside the boundaries of the capital city.

 31 July 1162 (Ōhō 2, 18th day of the 6th month): Fujiwara no Tadazane died.

Related pages
 Heian period

References

Other websites 
 National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection

Japanese eras
Josef Skvorecky

Josef Škvorecký (September 27, 1924 – January 3, 2012) was a Czech writer and publisher based in Canada. He left Czechoslovakia after the Soviet invasion in 1968. Skvorecky helped banned Czech writers have their books printed and then smuggled back in to the country.

He was born at Nachod. During World War II he worked in a factory making Messerschmitt airplanes. After the war he studied philosophy at Charles University in Prague. He worked for a government publisher. His job there was to translate books by authors such as Ernest Hemingway, William Faulkner, and Raymond Chandler. He began to write his own detective stories based on a character called Lieutenant Boruvka.

His first novel, The Cowards (1958), was banned because it did not agree with the government about the communist resistance to the Nazis in the war. The book did not talk about heroism and sacrifice. The characters are interested in girls and jazz. He was about to publish his second novel, The Tank Battalion (1968), when the Soviet Union invaded Czechoslovakia in 1968. Skvorecky and his wife left the country and moved to Canada where he had been offered a job at the University of Toronto. With his wife they set up their own publishing company. They reprinted The Tank Battalion. Copies were sold to Czech people living in exile. Some copies were smuggled back into Czechoslovakia. His publishing company specialized in printing books by banned Czech writers.

He was awarded the Order of the White Lion, by Vaclav Havel in 1990, and in 1992 was appointed to the Order of Canada.

Works by Josef Skvorecky
 The Cowards (1958)
 The Tank Battalion (1968)
 The Engineer of Human Souls
 The Miracle Game (1972)

References

Other websites
 Josef Skvorecky's official website 

1924 births
2012 deaths
Czechoslovak writers
Eiryaku

was a  after Heiji and before Ōhō.  This period started in January 1160 and ended in September 1161.  During this time, the emperor was .

Events of the Eiryaku era
 1160 (Eiryaku 1):  Minamoto no Yoshitomo (1123–1180), was killed in a campaign to overthrow the imperial chancellor, Taira no Kiyomori; and his wife, Tokiwa Gozen was forced to flee Heian-kyō (Kyoto) with her three sons.

 1161 (Eiryaku 2): The emperor married widow of Emperor Konoe.

Related pages
 Heian period

References

Other websites 
 National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection

Japanese eras
Heiji

was a  after Hōgen and before Eiryaku.  This period started in April 1159 and ended in January 1160. During this time, the emperor was .

Events of the Heiji era
 23 January 1159 (Heiji 1, the 3rd day of the 1st month ): The emperor made a formal visit to his father.

 19 January–5 May 1159  (Heiji 1, 9th-26th day of the 12th month): The Heiji Rebellion, also known as the "Heiji Insurrection" or the "Heiji War."

The Tale of Heiji is about this era. The work tells the story of the samurai who were part of the Heiji Rebellion. Along with the Tale of Hōgen and the Tale of Heike, these three war stories tell about the rise and fall of the Minamoto clan and the Taira clan.

Related pages
 Heian period

References

Other websites 
 National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection

Japanese eras
Left anarchism

Left anarchism or left-wing anarchism deals with left-wing forms of anarchism. It wants a future society that replaces private property with reciprocity. In this society, no one owns things. People do not work for money to buy things. They do their work because it is the best for society and the things they need are given to them without cost. It wants a society where there is no one in charge. Each person does what they need to without others to lead them. The term left anarchism is sometimes used with the same meaning as libertarian socialism, left libertarianism, or socialist anarchism. Left-wing anarchists have been a part of anti-globalization protests. For example, the protest in 1999 against the World Trade Organization in Seattle.

Ulrike Heider, a syndicalist, categorizes anarchism into left anarchism, right anarchism (anarcho-capitalism), and green anarchism. People who study anarchists, including Bryan Caplan and Murray Bookchin, do not agree with him. They feel his research is of bad quality. Left-wing anarchism is distinguished from free-market anarchism and right-wing anarchism (such as that of Murray Rothbard).

References

Other websites
 Defining anarchism  from An Anarchist FAQ, written by social anarchists
 Anarchist Theory FAQ, in which anarcho-capitalist Bryan Caplan argues that a broad division in anarchism exists between "left-anarchism" and anarcho-capitalism
 Anarchism: Two Kinds by Wendy McElroy, an individualist anarchist
 Collectivist-Anarchism and Communist-Anarchism from The Conquest of Power, by Albert Weisbord
 Canning Reactionary Leftism a criticism of left-anarchism by Keith Preston
 The Incredible Lameness of Left Anarchism  by Jason McQuinn. A critique from a post-left anarchist perspective.
 Learning the Hard Way: My Life as an Anarcho-Leftoid by Keith Preston

Anarchism
Cristiano da Silva

Cristiano da Silva (born 12. Januar 1987 in Campo Mourão) is an Brazilian football player. He plays for FC Red Bull Salzburg as midfielder in the Austrian Bundesliga. His player name is Cristiano.

Career
He started playing football with Adap Galo. His first professional team was  Coritiba FC in 2005. After playing for different teams he came to  CA Metropolitano. He was then out on loan for  Associação Chapecoense und EC Juventude. In 2011 he had a test with Red Bull Salzburg. He statisfied coach Moniz and signed a contract till 2015.

Other websites
 Players profile 
 Agency profile 

1987 births
Brazilian footballers
FC Red Bull Salzburg players
Living people
Coritiba Foot Ball Club players
Aggrotech

Aggrotech is a type of electronic dance music. It is a form of electro-industrial music It combines the music with an aggressive style. The German band Funker Vogt is known for this genre of music.

Electronic dance music
Wiener FC 1898

Wiener FC 1898 (Vienna Football Club 1898) was one of the first football clubs in Austrias capital Vienna. The club existed from 1897 till 1903.

History
The club was the football section of the Deutsch-Österreichischen Turnverein Wien (German-Austrian gymnastic club). The Turnverein was founded by Jewish members of the  Ersten Wiener Turnverein 1861 (First Vienna gymnastic club). In the 1880s the club allowed only members of German origin to be members. So did other sports clubs. The Jewish members formed the Deutsch-Österreichischen Turnverein.

In 1898 the football section became a club of its own. In the first year they reached the final of the Challenge-Cup, a football competition for clubs from the Austrian- Hungary Empire. They lost 7-0 to  Vienna Cricket and Football-Club. In the next editions the club reached the semi finals. In 1900/01 the Österreichischen Fußball-Union organized a league and Wiener FC was put in the 1. Klasse. They played for the Tagblatt-Pokal (Tagblatt-Cup, "Tagblatt" was a newspaper from Vienna)

The reason for quitting the league was that the club suffered often from a lack of players.

Honours
 Challenge-Cup-Final: 1898
 Challenge-Cup-semi finals: 1899, 1900, 1903

Notable player
Julius Wiesner 1 international match 1902

Austrian football clubs
Football clubs of Vienna
Hōgen (era)

was a  after Kyūju and before Heiji.  This period started in April 1156 and ended in April 1159.  The reigning emperors were  and .

Events of the Hōgen era
 20 July 1156 (Hōgen 1, 2nd day of the 7th month): Former-Emperor Toba died at age 54.

 28 July–16 August 1156 (Hōgen 1, 10th-29th days of the 7th month): The Hōgen Rebellion, also known as the Hōgen Insurrection or the Hōgen War.

 1156 (Hōgen 1, 9th month): A special building was constructed in Kyoto, where—as in the days of Emperor Go-Sanjo, requests and complaints were received and examined.

 1157 (Hōgen 2, 10th month): The foundations are laid for a grand audience hall (dairi) in the palace.  Three had not been such a structure within the palace compound since the time of Emperor Shirakawa.

 6 August 1158 (Hōgen 3, 11th day of the 8th month): In the 3rd year of Go-Shirakawa's reign, the emperor abdicated. The succession (senso) was received by his eldest son.

 1158 (Hōgen 4, 8th month):  Emperor Nijō is officially established as monarch (sokui).

The Tale of Hōgen is about this era. The work tells the story of the samurai who were part of the Hōgen Rebellion. Along with the Tale of Heiji and the Tale of Heike, these three war stories tell about the rise and fall of the Minamoto clan and the Taira clan.

Related pages
 Heian period

References

Other websites 
 National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection

Japanese eras
Teleology

Teleology is a philosophical idea that things have goals or causes. It is the "view that developments are due to the purpose or design which is served by them".

An example would be Aristotle's view of nature, later adopted by the Catholic Church.  The word "teleological" comes from the Ancient Greek telos, which means "end" or "purpose". A simpler example would be a tool such as the clock, which is designed by man to tell the time.

Whether or not an entity (man or god) is needed to cause teleology to happen is one of the most important questions. All cultures we know of have creation stories in their religions. However, much of science operates on the principle that the natural world is self-organising. This applies particularly  to astronomy and biology, which were once explained as the action of a deity, and are now seen as natural and automatically self-organising. Cybernetics is the basic science of self-organising systems.

The general issue of whether the original sense of teleology applies to the natural world is still a matter of controversy between religion and science.

References 

Philosophy
Nature
Non sequitur

Non sequitur means "does not follow."  It is a type of logical fallacy: a bad argument that makes no sense.  

It is defined as a deductive argument that is invalid. The argument could have true premises, but still have a false conclusion.

The term "non sequitur" usually refers to those types of invalid arguments which are not named formal fallacies (e.g. post hoc ergo propter hoc). In other words, in practice, "non sequitur" refers to an unnamed formal fallacy. 

A non sequitur argument takes something that people accept is true, and says that because this is true, the conclusion is right.  The problem is that the conclusion has nothing to do with the premise (original statement that people agree on).

People often have difficulty applying the rules of logic. For example, a person might say this syllogism is valid:
 All birds have wings.
 That creature has wings.
 Therefore, that creature is a bird.

It would only be true if all winged animals were birds (which is not so).

References 

Logical fallacies
Oracle of Delphi

The Oracle of Delphi was an institution in Ancient Greece, dedicated to the god Apollo. Only one priestess operated at Delphi at any one time, and the name given to her was 'the Pythia'. The woman gave up her own name when she became priestess.

The Temple of Apollo was at Delphi, on the slopes of Mount Parnassus in Greece. According to legend, the god answered questions through the medium of the priestess, who was famous for her ambiguous predictions. Scholars from time to time have suggested that burning Oleander or volcanic gases played their part in her strange utterings.

Croesus of Lydia 
In 560 BC Croesus, King of Lydia in 580 BC, went to the Delphic Oracle and the Oracle at Thebes for advice. He asked if he should make war on the Persians. Both oracles gave the same response, that if Croesus crossed the river (made war on the Persians), a mighty empire would be destroyed. They also advised him to seek out the most powerful Greek peoples and make alliance with them.

Famous for ambiguity 
An example of her ambiguity is You will go you will return never in war will you perish. This can be read with a comma either before or after the word never. Thus it covers both outcomes.

References 

Greek mythology
Kyūju

was a  after Ninpei and before Hōgen.  This period started in October 1151 and ended in April 1154. The reigning emperors were  and .

Events of the Kyūju era
 1154 (Kyūju 1, 8th month): Fujiwara no Saneyoshi was named Grand General of the Left.

 22 August 1155 (Kyūju 2, 23rd day of the 7th month): In the 14th year of Konoe's reign, the emperor died.

 23 August 1155 (Kyūju 2, 24th day of the 7th month): The succession (senso) was received by a younger brother who would become known as Emperor Go-Shirakawa.  This was confirmed by ceremonies.

Related pages 
 Heian period

References

Other websites 
 National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection

Japanese eras
Cuban Revolution

The Cuba Revolution was an armed revolt in the mid 1950's. It was led by Fidel Castro
against the government of Fulgencio Batista. The revolt took place between 1953 and 1959. Batista was finally removed from office on January 1, 1959. He was replaced by a revolutionary government led by Fidel. This government changed along communist lines, and became the Communist Party of Cuba in October 1965.

The revolt began with the assault on the Moncada Barracks on July 26, 1953.  It ended on December 31st, 1958, when Batista was forced to leave the country and Santa Clara and Santiago de Cuba were taken by rebels. Che Guevara and Fidel Castro, Raúl Castro and Huber Matos led the rebels.  Guevara led the group at Santa Clara. Raúl Castro and Matos led the rebels at Santiago de Cuba. Castro used guerilla warfare methods. 

The United States of America tried to sabotage the new government (Led by Fidel Castro) by sending in outcasts from Cuba. These outcasts were outlawed by their own home. The U.S tried to send them and more soldiers to the Bay of Pigs to try and create a surprise attack. Somehow, Fidel Castro got wind of their attack and sent his army to the bay to fight. The U.S's army was outnumbered and faced defeat. Many soldiers were captured and killed in public.  

1950s in Cuba
20th century rebellions
Rebellions in North America
Revolutions
Anti-imperialism
George Stephanopoulos

George Robert Stephanopoulos (; born February 10, 1961) is an American television journalist and a former political advisor.

Stephanopoulos is the chief political correspondent for the news division at ABC-TV– and a co-anchor of ABC-TVs morning news program, Good Morning America (GMA). He returned as host of ABC-TV's This Week in January 2012, a Sunday morning news program produced by ABC-TV's news division. He is the main replacement anchor for ABC-TV's newscast program, World News with Diane Sawyer.

In recent years, he has co-hosted ABC Newss special live coverage of political events with Charles Gibson and Diane Sawyer. He and has often been on GMA and World News. He launched George's Bottom Line, an ABCNews.com blog.

Before he started working for ABC News, he was a senior political adviser to the 1992 U.S. presidential campaign of Bill Clinton. He later became the White House Communications Director for two years. He was replaced by David Gergen. This change came after the Republican party getting control of the U.S. House and Senate in the mid-term elections of 1994.

In April 2020, Stephanopoulos was diagnosed with COVID-19.

References

Further reading
Clinton, Bill (2005). My Life. Vintage (New York City). .
Stephanopoulos, George (1999).  All Too Human – A Political Education. Little, Brown (Boston, Massachusetts). .

Other websites
abcnews.com/thisweek, This Week with George Stephanopoulos official website
blogs.abcnews.com/george, George's Bottom Line, an ABC News blog by Stephanopoulos

1961 births
Living people
American television news anchors
White House Communications Directors
American journalists
American television personalities
Columbia University alumni
Writers from New York City
Writers from Washington, D.C.
Writers from Ohio
Writers from Massachusetts
Democrats (United States)
American bloggers
Ciara Bravo

Ciara Quinn Bravo (born March 18, 1997 in Alexandria, Kentucky) is an American actress, singer, and voice actress. She is best known for her role in Big Time Rush as Katie Knight. Bravo is also known for voicing Giselita in Open Season 3 and Peaches in Ice Age: A Mammoth Christmas.

Filmography

Movies
 Big Time Audition - Katie Knight (2009)
 Big Time Concert - (2010)
 Big Time Christmas - (2010)
 Open Season 3 - Giselita (2010) (voice)
 Big Time Beach Party - Katie Knight (2011)
 Happiness Is a Warm Blanket, Charlie Brown - Patty (2011) (voice)
 My Dog's Christmas Miracle - Heather (2011)
 Big Time Break-Up - Katie Knight (2011)

Television

2008
 Can You Teach My Alligator Manners? - Additional Voices (voice)

2009
 Special Agent Oso - Sarah (voice)
 The Cafeteria - Caroline (short)
 Washed Up - Sarah
 Big Time Rush - Katie Knight

2011
 Ice Age: A Mammoth Christmas - Peaches (TV special) (voice)
 BrainSurge - Herself

References

Other websites
 

American child actors
American movie actors
American pop musicians
Singers from Kentucky
American television actors
American voice actors
Actors from Kentucky
1997 births
Living people
Boog and Elliot's Midnight Bun Run

Boog and Elliot's Midnight Bun Run is a 2006 American 3D computer-animated short movie from Sony Pictures Animation. The movie is a spin-off of the movie Open Season and stars Boog and Elliot, the main characters of the Open Season franchise.

Plot 
One summer night, Bob and Bobbie (Georgia Engel) leave the trailer to go skinny-dipping, leaving Mr. Weenie (Cody Cameron) to guard the cinnamon buns they left on the counter. Boog (Martin Lawrence) and Elliot (Ashton Kutcher) sneak into the camp and discover there's buns in trailer. Unfortunately, Weenie is guarding the door.

To avoid the waking Weenie, Boog and Elliot climb onto the roof and Boog ties Elliot to the end of a rope and lowers him through the open skylight. Unfortunately, Elliot is distracted by the buns and salivates, waking Mr. Weenie, who bites his backside, accidentally pulling Boog into the trailer. Bob and Bobbie is hear noises from outside and think that Weenie is being nightmarly attacked. Bobbie puts on a towel to go investigate. Shocked by what she sees, she accidentally drops her towel, revealing her bare tattooed buttocks (as well as everything else her breasts, abdomen, and crotch, which are off-screen) to the passing police car, whose driver pulls over, startled away by the screaming and naked woman. Elliot runs out of the window looking for a place to hide, leaving Boog incriminatingly holding Weenie by the tail when the police officer, Gordy (Gordon Tootoosis), breaks into the RV camper. Then Mr. Weenie laughs to Boog, "You are so busted?!" and Boog responds, "Tell me about it?.."

Voice cast

 Martin Lawrence as Boog
 Ashton Kutcher as Elliot
 Georgia Engel as Bobbie
 Gordon Tootoosis as Sheriff Gordy
 Cody Cameron as Mr. Weenie

Release

Home media 
·        Boog and Elliot's Midnight Bun Run was exclusively released on December 15, 2006, as a special feature on the Open Season DVD and Blu-ray.

·        The DVD copy of the short film was released on May 9, 2007 in China and the DVD copy of the short film was released on March 18, 2008 in Japan. The DVD copy of the short film was debuted on TV in Sweden on December 27, 2009.

References 

 ↑ McCutcheon, David (January 4, 2007). "Open Season's DVD Hunt". IGN. Archived from the original on May 5, 2012. Retrieved August 23, 2011.
 ↑ "Open Season Blu-ray". Blu-ray.com. Retrieved August 23, 2011.

2006 movies
English-language movies
Open Season (franchise)
Karley Scott Collins

Karley Scott Collins (born December 14, 1999) is an American actress and voice artist. She is the voice of Gisela in the Open Season franchise.

Filmography
 The Class
 Private Practice
 The Hottie & the Nottie
 Pulse 2: Afterlife
 Amusement
 Pulse 3
 The Collecter
 Amish Grace
 Letters to God
 Open Season 3
 Family Guy
 Fringe
 Answers to Nothing
 When You Find Me
 Once Upon a Time

Other websites

1999 births
Living people
American child actors
American movie actors
American television actors
Actors from Florida
Comedians from Florida
American television producers
American television writers
Robert M. Berdahl

Robert Max Berdahl (born March 15, 1937) is an American historian, author and the interim President of the University of Oregon (OU). He was chancellor of the University of California, Berkeley from 1997 to 2004. He was president of the Association of American Universities (AAU) from May 2006 to June 2011. In addition to his duties as interim President, he serves on the Board of Directors of Lam Research Corporation.

Biography
Berdahl was born in Sioux Falls, South Dakota in 1937. He received his B.A. degree from Augustana College (South Dakota). Berdahl got an M.A. degree from the University of Illinois. He earned a Ph.D. in history from the University of Minnesota in 1965.

Berdahl taught history at OU from 1967 to 1986. During that time he was dean of the College of Arts and Sciences from 1981 to 1986 while Paul Olum was OU president.  Olum also was forced to retire in a fight over resources for the university.  Berdahl then was vice chancellor for academic affairs at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign for seven years.  He then was president of the University of Texas for four years.

On December 9, 2011, Berdahl announced that he had been asked by the Oregon State Board of Higher Education to serve as the interim president of the University of Oregon.   On November 28, 2011, the board gave Richard W. Lariviere 30 days to leave his office. Berdahl had written an editorial supporting Lariviere. Berdahl took office on December 29, 2011 and will serve until fall 2012 when his successor is named.

References

Other websites
 OU official webpage

1937 births
American historians
Living people
People from Sioux Falls, South Dakota
Richard W. Lariviere

Richard W. Lariviere (born 1950) was President of the University of Oregon (OU) from 2009 to 2011. He is a Life Member of the Council on Foreign Relations.
He became president of OU in 2009. Lariviere's contract was not renewed in 2011 amid a racketeering scandal in the OU Dean of Students office. 

Lariviere has stated that he will remain at OU as a tenured faculty member.

Biography
Lariviere was Visiting Lecturer in the South Asia Regional Studies Department of the University of Pennsylvania from 1978-79. He was a Visiting Professor at the University of Iowa from 1980-1982. Lariviere was dean of the College of Liberal Arts at the University of Texas at Austin from 1999 to 2006. He was executive vice chancellor and provost at the University of Kansas from 2006 to 2009.

As OU president, Lariviere answered to a number of different groups.  He ran into two problems: OU salaries and OU governance. Before Lariviere arrived at OU, salaries were frozen for several years. OU could not compete with other colleges. In February 2011, Oregon Governor John Kitzhaber asked all the public universities in Oregon to limit payroll increases to six percent. But Lariviere found OU money that did not come from Oregon to give bigger pay increases to faculty and staff. This caused the unions to demand a pay increase from OU for their members.

All seven public colleges in Oregon are run by a single Oregon state board of higher education. Lariviere agreed to work with other public colleges to seek more independence in a plan that resulted in Senate Bill 242. Governor Kitzhaber signed that law on July 20, 2011 to give public college more control over how they spend money. At the same time, OU developed a separate legislative proposal (the "New Partnership") to start a separate 15-person board of trustees for OU and a $800 million state bond issue to match private donations to a new OU endowment fund. The governor and state board asked Lariviere to delay pushing for the OU legislation while Senate Bill 242 went through the legislature first.  Because Lariviere and OU seemed to be working separately from the Governor and state board, the board voted to fire him on November 28, 2011. He was given 30 days to leave his office. The board hired Robert M. Berdahl as interim president.

Education
Ph.D. Asian Studies, University of Pennsylvania, 1978
B.A. History of Religion, University of Iowa, 1972

References

Other websites
Presidential website
vitae  (PDF)
OU biography

1950 births
Living people
Asian studies
People from Chicago
Oxford Movement

The Oxford Movement was a religious movement within the Church of England, based at the University of Oxford, which began in 1833. Members of this movement were known as 'Tractarians' (from Tracts for the Times, a collection of books, pamphlets and essays that described their beliefs); opponents of the movement called them Newmanites (before 1845) and Puseyites (from 1845), after John Henry Newman and Edward Bouverie Pusey, two leading Tractarians. The members of the movement tried to bring back Catholic doctrine and forms of service (how Sunday services and other forms of worship were carried out in Anglican churches, the Oxford Movement wanting to make these  more like a Catholic Mass) into the Church of England. They also believed the Anglican church was an 'apostolic' church, connected directly to the Church of Saint Peter and the other Apostles. John Keble was another leader of the movement.

After publishing ninety Tracts, Newman decided, in Tract 90, that the Branch Theory (that the Anglican, Eastern Orthodox and Roman Churches were all part of the one Church) was not enough, and converted to Catholicism, and later became a Cardinal. Enemies of the Movement thought this proved that they were trying to reunify with Rome. Others followed Newman to Rome (for example, Henry Edward Manning, another important Tractarian, converted in 1851) while others, such as Pusey and John Keble, remained in the Anglican Church to continue the work of reforming it.

Today, it is represented in the 'Anglo-Catholic' or High Church (more Catholic, as opposed to Low Church, more Protestant) part of the Anglican Church, the smaller, conservative part. Recently, with the Anglican Church debating if female clergymen should be allowed, some Anglo-Catholics, such as Bishop Burnham, Bishop Newton and sixty priests have left the Church and converted to Rome in protest, as they do not believe female bishops, or female priests should be allowed.

More information
Michael Chandler An Introduction to the Oxford Movement. New York: Church Publishing, 2003

Other websites
 Tracts for the Times
 Tractarianism (Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge)

Anglicanism
England
Ninpei

, also romanized as Nimpyō, was a  after Kyūan and before Kyūju.  This period started in January 1151 and ended in October 1154. During this time, the emperor was .

Events of the Ninpei era
 1151 (Ninpei 1, 1st month): Fujiwara no Yorinaga was given the role of reading formal written requests before they should be presented to the emperor.

 13 April 1152 (Ninpei 2, 7th day of the 3rd month): Emperor Konoe visited the home of former Emperor Toba on the occasion of his 50th birthday.

 28 January 1153 (Ninpei 3, 2nd day of the 1st month): Konoe re-visited his father's home.

Related pages
 Heian period

References

Other websites 
 National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection

Japanese eras
Graphics Interchange Format

Graphics Interchange Format (often shortened to GIF) is a file format for images.

It is a raster graphics format; that is the image has a fixed size. CompuServe developed and introduced the format in 1987. Today, it is widely used on the World Wide Web.The format supports up to 8 bits per pixel, or 256 colors. It also supports animations. Each frame of an animation can have its own set of 256 colors. GIF is not used to show photographs very much, because having only 256 colors is limiting for such a task.

To reduce their size, images are compressed using Lempel–Ziv–Welch compression. Lempel-Ziv-Welch, or LZW, is a lossless compression. No information is lost when compressing or uncompressing. There were some problems with the patent of the LZW compression. That patent was not held by CompuServe, but by Unisys. These issues led to the development of another format, called PNG. This is no longer a problem, because the patents have expired.

A GIF may often represent a small clip of a favorite scene from a show or video.

Pronunciation of GIF 
The creators of the format pronounced the word as "jif" with a soft "G" /dʒɪf/ as in "gin". Steve Wilhite says that the intended pronunciation deliberately echoes the American peanut butter brand Jif, and CompuServe employees would often say "Choosy developers choose GIF", spoofing this brand's television commercials.

The disagreement over the pronunciation led to heated Internet debate. On the occasion of receiving a lifetime achievement award at the 2013 Webby Award ceremony, Wilhite rejected the hard-"G" pronunciation, and his speech led to 17,000 posts on Twitter and 50 news articles.

References

Computer science
Kyūan

, also romanized as Kyū-an, was a  after Ten'yō and before Ninpei.  This period spanned the years from July 1145 through January 1151. The reigning emperor was .

Events of the Kyūan Era
 1145 (Kyūan 1, 8th month): Taiken-mon In, died. She was mother of former-Emperor Sutoku.  

 1146 (Kyūan 2, 2nd month), The emperor visited the home of former Emperor Toba.

 1146 (Kyūan 2, 12th month), Konoe joined Fujiwara no Tadamichi in celebrating his 58th birthday.

 1148 (Kyūan 4, 6th month): In Heian-kyō (Kyoto), the imperial palace was destroyed by fire.

 1150 (Kyūan 6, 1st month): Konoe married Fujiwara-no Tokoku.  This bride became kōgū (first empress).

 1150 (Kyūan 6, 3rd month): Konoe took a second wife; and this bride became chūgyo (second empress).  Konoe caused discord when he neglected his first wife.

 1150 (Kyūan 6, 12th month): Minamoto no Yoshikane became head of the Ashikaga clan in Shimotsuke province.

Related pages 
 Heian period

References

Other websites 
 National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection

Japanese eras
Tabuaeran

Tabuaeran is one of the Line Islands of the central Pacific Ocean. It is an atoll. Tabueran is part of Kiribati.  The highest point on the island is about 3 m (10 ft) above high tide.

Tabuaeran is the name in Gilbertese language. The island is also called Fanning Island or Fanning Atoll in English.

Other websites
Map of Tabuaeran 
Fanning Island on Jane Resture's Oceania Home Page  A strong resource including geography, history, photos, and links.
Fanning-Island.com 
Ancient Polynesian remains
Atoll Institute, proposed Field Station
 Edmund Fanning in Explorers of the Pacific by Buck (eText)

Pacific islands
Atolls
Kiribati
Augustana University

Augustana University is a private, liberal arts college affiliated with the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America. The school is in Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States. The 100-acre (40 ha) campus makes the school the largest private university in South Dakota. Some people call the college “Augie.”

It was first called "The Lutheran Normal School". It was started for the purpose of educating teachers. In 1918, the college got its current name after joining with Augustana College in Canton. This happened because synod officials worried about having enough money to run two institutions so close together. The schools were only 20 miles (32 km) apart. The college claims its founding as 1860, the same as its sister-school (which shares the same name) in Rock Island, Illinois. Augustana gets its name from the Confessio Augustana, the Latin name for the Augsburg Confession of 1530.

Augustana regularly gets high rankings among other Midwestern schools. Publications such as The Princeton Review named Augustana a "Best Midwestern College" and U.S. News & World Report listed Augustana as a "Best Buy" in 2009. U.S. News & World Report has listed the school a top tier baccalaureate college in the Midwest for 13 years in a row, with Augustana placing third as of 2009. It got this ranking again in 2010.

References

Other websites

Augustana College, official website
Augustana Choir 
Augustana Computer Organization 
KAUR FM , Minnesota Public Radio's talk radio station (owned in name by Augustana College).
Augustana Pre-Med Club 
The Mirror , Augustana's student newspaper
Augustana College Theatre Company
Circle K , Circle K International-Augustana chapter
ACSJ Augustana Coalition for Social Justice Blog
 Mikkelsen Library
Hillsboro Academy , Historical Society of Montgomery County Illinois

Colleges and universities in South Dakota
Sioux Falls, South Dakota
1860s establishments in Illinois
1900s establishments in South Dakota
Chiodos

Chiodos (pronounced  ) is an American post hardcore band. They formed in Davison, Michigan in 2001. The band was first known as "The Chiodos Bros." This was a tribute to the filmmakers Stephen, Charles, and Edward Chiodo. Chiodos released their first full-length album on July 26, 2005. It was titled All's Well That Ends Well. Their second album was titled Bone Palace Ballet. 

It was released in North America on September 4, 2007.  Later on, Warner Bros. Records released Bone Palace Ballet in the United Kingdom on January 26, 2009. It debuted at number 5 on the Billboard 200. 

It also reached number 1 on the Independent Albums chart. In 2010, they released their third studio titled Illuminaudio. This is the first album without lead vocalist Craig Owens. Chiodos has not said why they let Owens leave the band. On February 2, 2010, Chiodos announced Brandon Bolmer from Yesterday's Rising would be their new lead vocalist. Illuminaudio has received very positive reviews. It reached #37 on the Billboard 200 and #5 on Top Alternative Albums.

Band members
Current
Pat McManaman - rhythm guitar (since 2001)
Bradley Bell - keyboards, synthesizers, piano, backing vocals (since 2001)
Matt Goddard - bass guitar (since 2001)
Jason Hale - lead guitar (since 2004)
Brandon Bolmer - lead vocals (since 2010)
Tanner Wayne - drums (since 2010)

Former
Craig Owens - lead vocals (2001–2009)
Crosby Clark - drums (2002–2004)
Dane Spencer - lead guitar (2002–2003)
Patrick "Chip" Kelly - lead guitar (2003–2004)
Derrick Frost - drums (2004–2009)
Mike Catalano - drums (2009)

Discography
EP's
 The Chiodos Bros. (2001)
 The Best Way to Ruin Your Life (2002)
 The Heartless Control Everything (2003)
Studio albums
 All's Well That Ends Well (2005)
 Bone Palace Ballet (2007)
 Illuminaudio (2010)

References

Post-hardcore bands
Musical groups from Michigan