cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Bangladesh–Russia relations

Relations between Bangladesh and Russia. Russia has an embassy in Dhaka and Bangladesh has an embassy in Moscow. Diplomatic relations were established on 25 January 1972, when Russia was the Soviet Union.

Bangladeshi Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina has visited Russia twice to meet with Russian President Vladimir Putin. The first time was in 2009 and then in 2013.

Soviet-era relations 
Relations between the Soviet Union and Bangladesh were good in the years immediately after Bangladesh's independence in 1971. The Soviet Union supported Indian actions in aiding the war of liberation, and after the war the Soviet Navy sent a floating workshop to Bangladesh for clearing Pakistani mines from the Chittagong and Chalna harbors. Mujib visited Moscow in 1972, and high-level officials from both countries made numerous reciprocal visits until 1975. The Soviets supported the socialist programs of the Mujib government and its very exceptionally close ties with India. Early Soviet aid was limited, however. During the first four months of its existence, Bangladesh received economic aid worth US$142 million from India, but only US$6 million from the Soviet Union.

It also believed that the Communist Party of Bangladesh was funded and supported in the erstwhile volatile region of the former East Pakistan since then it was part of a United Pakistan itself allied with the United States and the China which were hostile towards rival Soviet Union, the party itself was based on the idealogical principals of Marxism.

Bangladeshi-Soviet relations rapidly improved in 1984 and regained a level of cordiality in the mid- and late 1980s. In 1985 the Soviet Cultural Centre reopened in Dhaka. In 1986 a Soviet special envoy visited Dhaka, and later the Bangladeshi foreign minister visited Moscow. Although Soviet aid to Bangladesh was still small compared with assistance from Japan, the United States, or even China, by 1987 Bangladesh had entered into sixteen different economic accords with the Soviet Union. Soviet assistance has concentrated on the energy sector, especially several power plants at Ghorasal, near Dhaka.

References

Russia
Politics of Russia
SNCASE SE-313 Alouette II

The SNCASE SE-313 Alouette II (, Lark) is a French helicopter built between 1956 and 1975 by Société Nationale de Construction Aéronautique du Sud-Est and later by Aérospatiale. It was the first helicopter in the world that has a gas turbine for engine.

It was the basis of two majors variants : SA-315 Lama and SA-316 Alouette III.

Bibliography  
 Jackson, Robert, Helicopters: Military, Civilian, and Rescue Rotorcraft (The Aviation Factfile).  London: Grange Books Ltd, 2005. .
 Gaillard, Pierre, Avions et hélicoptères militaires d'aujourd'hui Paris, France : Larivière éditions, 1999.  .
 Boulay, Pierre, Les hélicoptères français, Paris, France :  Larivière éditions, 1998. 

French military aircraft
Alouette 2
Helicopters
Sud Aviation SA-316 Alouette III

The Sud Aviation SA-316 Alouette III is a French helicopter built between 1961 and 1985 by Sud Aviation and later by Aérospatiale. It is a modernized variant of Alouette II helicopter. Alouette III was built for civil and military users for light liaison duties, light transport, search and rescue, and sometimes for air attack.

Most famous users were Indian Air Force, French Gendarmerie, and French Sécurité Civile. Some were used by Ireland air force.

Bibliography  
 Jackson, Robert, Helicopters: Military, Civilian, and Rescue Rotorcraft (The Aviation Factfile).  London: Grange Books Ltd, 2005. .
 Boulay, Pierre, Les hélicoptères français, Paris, France :  Larivière éditions, 1998. 

French military aircraft
Alouette 3
Helicopters
Al-Abbas brigade

The al-Abbas brigade (, or Kata'ib al-Abbas) is a Shia militant group in Syria. It was formed in late 2011. Its leaders are Abu Ajeeb and Abu Hajar. Their main aim is to protect sensitive Shia holy sites and to help Bashar al-Assad's army during the Syrian Civil War. Its fighting style is mostly defensive.

Shia organizations
Establishments in Syria
2011 establishments in Asia
Abu Hurairah

Abu Hurairah (603 – 681), also known as Horayra, was a companion of Muhammad. He narrated the most hadiths in the Kutub al-Sittah.

Related pages
Islam

References

603 births
681 deaths
Muslims
Religious leaders
History of Islam
The White Guard

The White Guard () is a novel by 20th century Russian writer Mikhail Bulgakov, whose later work The Master and Margarita brought him posthumous fame.

History 
The White Guard first appeared in serial form in the Soviet-era literary journal Rossiya in 1925, but the magazine was closed down before the serial was completed. It was not reprinted in Russia until 1966.

The Day of the Turbins 
After the first two parts of The White Guard were published in Rossiya, Bulgakov was invited to write a version for the stage. He called the play The Days of the Turbins.  This was produced at the Moscow Art Theatre, to great acclaim:

"The Day of the Turbins... became a theater legend... The production ran from 1926 to 1941, it had 987 performances... Stalin... saw it no fewer than 20 times".
In fact, the play completely overshadowed the book, which was in any event virtually unobtainable in any form.

Since Bulgakov was refused permission to publish his most important works, he pleaded with Stalin to be allowed to leave the country. Stalin personally arranged for a job for him at the Moscow Arts Theatre.  Bulgakov was still writing and re-writing his uncompleted novel, The Master And Margarita, when he died in 1940.

His widow had The White Guard published in large part in the literary journal Moskva in 1966, at the end of the Krushchev era. This was the basis for the English translation by Michael Glenny  published in 1971 (New York: McGraw-Hill; London: Collins; reissued 2005 by Academy Chicago Publishers. This lacks the dream flashback sections. In 2008 Yale University Press published a translation by Marian Schwartz of the complete novel, an edition which won an award.

The novel 
Set in the Ukraine, beginning in late 1918, the novel concerns the fate of the Turbin family as the various armies of the Russian Civil War  the Whites, the Reds, the Imperial German Army, and Ukrainian nationalists – fight over the city of Kiev. Historical figures such as Petlyura and Pavlo Skoropadsky appear as the Turbin family is caught up in the effects of the October Revolution.

English translations 
 translated by Michael Glenny, London, HarperCollins/Havill, 1971; New York: McGraw-Hill 1971; London, Fontana 1973;
 translated by Marian Schwartz, Introduction  by Dobrenko, Evgeny: Yale University Press, 2008. ISBN 978-0-300-15145-9

Autobiographical elements 
The novel contains many autobiographical elements. Bulgakov gave the younger Turbin brother some of the characteristics of his own younger brother.  The description of the house of the Turbins is that of the house of the Bulgakov family in Kiev. (Today it is preserved and operated as the Mikhail Bulgakov Museum).

References 

1966 books
Russian novels
Plays
Books by Mikhail Bulgakov
Novels
1929 books
Edward Snowden

Edward Joseph Snowden (born 21 June 1983) is an American former contractor who worked for the National Security Agency (NSA) of the United States. He released top secret NSA documents proving the United States Government was monitoring phone calls, emails, webcams of its own citizens. His job at the NSA allowed him access to them. He has said, "I do not want to live in a world where anything I do or say is recorded."

Snowden traveled to Moscow after giving the documents to American journalists in Hong Kong. He had asylum in Russia for one year. Then he was granted permission to stay in the country for three more years. This has increased tensions between Russia and the United States. In October 2020 he was granted permanent residency in Russia.

In 2013 Snowden was voted Person of the Year by The Guardian.

After Snowden published information that pointed to mass surveillance by the US government, NPR reported sales of the novel Nineteen Eighty-Four by George Orwell had gone up.

References

Other websites 

1983 births
Living people
American activists
Civil servants
People from North Carolina
National security
UEFA Euro 2008 qualifying

This page describes the qualifying procedure for the UEFA Euro 2008.

Seedings 

1 as 

2 as 

3 as 

 (1.980) is already assured of places at Euro 2008 as European champions.

 (1.850) and  (1.830) are already assured of places at Euro 2008 as host nations.

Summary 
Below is a table containing all seven qualifying groups. Teams that have secured a place in the final tournament are highlighted in green. The order of teams is by final group position.

1 as 

2 as 

3 as

Groups 
Key:
Teams highlighted in green qualified for the finals.

Group A

Group B

Group C

Group D

Group E

Group F

Group G

Worst Runner-up 
The Worst Runner-up will not make the qualify to automatically for the final tournament.

Qualified nations

Tournament 

UEFA
2008 in association football
2008 in Europe
The Legend of Zelda: A Link Between Worlds

The Legend of Zelda: A Link Between Worlds is a  action-adventure video game for the Nintendo 3DS game console. It is part of The Legend of Zelda series. It is the second The Legend of Zelda game released on the Nintendo 3DS, after The Legend of Zelda: Ocarina of Time 3D. It takes place in the same world as The Legend of Zelda: A Link to the Past.

The game features the top-down two-dimensional gameplay seen in the past Zelda games. Dungeons feature 3D effects. Link is able to move between levels to solve puzzles and get through the dungeons. New to the series is the ability for Link to enter walls and become a painting. Link is able to move along walls to reach new areas, using Ravios bracelet. Link needs to purchase items from Ravio to traverse Hyrule. Link can travel to Hyrule's dark counterpart, Lorule. Link's main quest is to defeat Yuga, Lorules's evil counterpart to Ganondorf, and restore the triforce to Lorule. In Lorule, counterparts to Zelda, Link, and Ganondorf can be found. You will find Ravio, the cowardly hero, Yuga, the insane sorcerer, and Hilda, the rash princess.

References

2013 video games
Link Between Worlds
Nintendo 3DS games
David García del Valle

David Garcia Del Valle (born June 13, 1981 in Almeria) is a judo athlete from Spain. He has a disability: He is blind and a B2 type athlete. He competed in judo at the  2000 Summer Paralympics, 2004 Summer Paralympics, 2008 Summer Paralympics and 2012 Summer Paralympics. He was the number two judo athlete in the Up to 66 Kg men's group at the 2000 and 2004 Games.

References 

Spanish judoka
Living people
1981 births
Spanish Paralympic silver medalists
2000 Summer Paralympics
2004 Summer Paralympics
2008 Summer Paralympics
2012 Summer Paralympics
People from Andalusia
Sportspeople with disabilities, type B2
María del Carmen Herrera Gómez

María Del Carmen Herrera Gomez (born September 26, 1974 in Málaga) is a judo athlete from Spain. She has a disability: She is blind and a B3 type athlete. She competed in judo at the 2004 Summer Paralympics, 2008 Summer Paralympics and 2012 Summer Paralympics. She was the number one judo athlete in the Up to 70 kg women's group at the 2004, 2008 and 2012 Games.

References 

Spanish judoka
Living people
1974 births
Spanish Paralympic gold medalists
2004 Summer Paralympics
2008 Summer Paralympics
2012 Summer Paralympics
People from Malaga
Sportspeople with disabilities, type B3
Sonic Lost World

Sonic Lost World is an action-adventure platforming video game for the Nintendo 3DS and Wii U game consoles. It is part of the Sonic the Hedgehog series. It was developed by Sonic Team and published by Sega. It was released on October 18, 2013 in Europe, on October 19, 2013 in Australia, on October 24, 2013 in Japan, and on October 29, 2013 in North America.

The game takes its inspiration from the Genesis-era Sonic games. It has both side-scrolling 2D levels and 3D spherical levels like the ones seen in Super Mario Galaxy. The Nintendo 3DS and Wii U versions are separate games with different level designs. The Nintendo 3DS version has local and online multiplayer.  It is able to connect with the Wii U version.

References

2013 video games
Sonic the Hedgehog games
Platform games
Nintendo 3DS games
Wii U games
Yoshi's New Island

Yoshi's New Island is a platform video game for the Nintendo 3DS game console. It is a part of the Yoshi series. It is the third game in the Yoshi's Island series. It is the sequel to Yoshi's Island DS. It was released on March 14, 2014.

The gameplay of Yoshi's New Island is similar to the previous two games in the Yoshi's Island series. The player moves Yoshi through many stages. Yoshi has to get through the stages by not getting hit by enemies or losing the baby he is holding.

References

Platform games
Nintendo 3DS games
Yoshi games
2014 video games
Dana Carvey

Dana Thomas Carvey (born June 2, 1955) is an American stand-up comedian and actor. He is best known for his work as a cast member on Saturday Night Live. He is also known for playing the role of Garth Algar in the Wayne's World movies series.

Carvey was born on June 2, 1955 in Missoula, Montana. He studied at College of San Mateo and at the University of San Francisco. Carvey was married to Leah Carvey from 1979 until they divorced in 1980. He married Paula Zwagerman in 1983. They have two sons.

References

Other websites

Dana Carvey fansite
Maxim Rated Top SNL performer
Interview on FOX News Radio (6 mins.)
 Dana Carvey at Emmys.com

1955 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American voice actors
Comedians from Montana
Actors from Montana
People from Missoula, Montana
Anne McCaffrey

Anne McCaffrey (1 April 1926 – 21 November 2011) was an American writer of fantasy fiction. She is best known for her books about dragons, the Dragonriders of Pern. She was the first woman to win a Hugo and Nebula Award.

References

Other websites 

McCaffrey Triad

Books

Other 
  – official website, Anne McCaffrey 
 Pern Home – official website, Pern and The Dragonriders of Pern™ 
 
 Anne McCaffrey Guest of Honour at Eurocon 2007
 Remembrances by Peter Morwood

1926 births
2011 deaths
American novelists
Writers from Massachusetts
People from Cambridge, Massachusetts
Bob Menendez

Robert "Bob" Menendez (born January 1, 1954), or Bobby Menendez is the senior United States Senator from New Jersey. He was first appointed to the Senate in January 2006. He was elected Chairman of the United States Senate Committee on Foreign Relations in January 2013. 

On April 1, 2015, Senator Menendez attracted national media attention when he was indicted on federal corruption charges in the United States District Court. He pleaded not guilty.

Menendez was born on January 1, 1954 in New York City, New York. He is of Cuban descent. Menendez was raised in Union City, New Jersey. He studied at St. Peter's College and at Rutgers School of Law in Newark. Menendez was married to Jane Jacobson from 1976 until they divorced in 2005. They had two children.

References

Other websites

 United States Senator Robert Menendez official U.S. Senate site
 New Jersey's New Senator, editorial, New York Times, December 9, 2005
 Menendez on the Move , Al Sullivan, Union City Reporter, December 11, 2005

1954 births
Living people
Lawyers from New Jersey
People from Union City, New Jersey
Politicians from New York City
United States representatives from New Jersey
United States senators from New Jersey
US Democratic Party politicians
21st-century American politicians
20th-century American politicians
Little Men

Little Men, or Life at Plumfield with Jo's Boys is a book by Louisa May Alcott. It was published in 1871. The story is about Jo Bhaer and the children at her Plumfield Estate School. It has been adapted for movies and television.

References

1871 books
Books by Louisa May Alcott
Children's books
Jo's Boys

Jo's Boys, and How They Turned Out: A Sequel to "Little Men" is a book by Louisa May Alcott. It was published in 1886. It tells of what happened to the children at Plumfield as they grew to adulthood.

Other websites
Jo's Boys on Project Gutenberg

1886 books
Books by Louisa May Alcott
Children's books
Dora Baltea

Dora Baltea or Doire Baltée ( or Duria Bautica; Valdôtain dialect: Djouire; Piemontes: Deura Bàotia), is a river in northern Italy. It is a left-hand tributary of the Po River, and is about  long.

Geography 
Dora Baltea is formed on the Mont Blanc massif by the confluence, near Entrèves, of two small rivers: Dora di Ferret, that comes from the Pré de Bar Glacier in Val Ferret; and Dora di Veny, that comes from the Miage Glacier in Val Veny.

As it crosses the Aosta Valley, the Dora Baltea flows through the city of Aosta (where the Buthier, a small river, runs into it) and near all the main cities of the lower Aosta Valley: Châtillon, Saint-Vincent, Verrès and Pont-Saint-Martin. After it enters the Piedmont region, it passes through the city of Ivrea and a good part of Canavese, gets from its right hand the waters of the Chiusella and reaches the Po at Crescentino.

The watershed has an area of , and its discharge (volume of water which passes through a section of the river per unit of time) is 96 cubic metres per second when it gets to the Po river.

Tributaries
The main tributaries of the Dora Baltea are (beginning at the source):

 In Valle d'Aosta
 Dora di Verney
 Dora di Valgrisenche
 Dora di Rhêmes
 Savara
 Grand Eyvia
 Buthier
 Saint-Barthélemy
 Marmore
 Evançon
 Ayasse
 Lys
 In the Piedmont
 Chiusella

Discharge
The mean monthly discharges (in m³) for the years 1951-1991 in the confluence with the Po river were:

Sports
Dora Baltea is a popular place for the practice of sports like canoeing, kayaking and similar water sports.

References

Rivers of Italy
Jaime Herrera Beutler

Jaime Herrera Beutler (born November 3, 1978) is an American politician. She is a member of the Republican Party. She is a representative for Washington in the United States House of Representatives.

Jaime Herrera Beutler with nine other members of the Republican party and all of the Democrats voted to impeach Donald Trump a second time.

References

1978 births
Living people
American Christians
United States representatives from Washington
Ryan Stanton

Ryan Stanton (born July 20, 1989, in St. Albert, Alberta) is a Canadian ice hockey defenceman. He played for the Vancouver Canucks of the National Hockey League (NHL). He also played for the Washington Capitals and Chicago Blackhawks.

Before he played in the AHL and NHL, Stanton played 4 seasons in the Western Hockey League with the Moose Jaw Warriors. On March 12, 2010, the Chicago Blackhawks signed Stanton as a free agent. He played his first game with the IceHogs on March 6, 2010. Stanton was called up to the Blackhawks roster on April 26, 2013.

On September 30, 2013, Stanton was claimed off of waiver by the Vancouver Canucks.

References

Other websites

1989 births
Living people
Canadian ice hockey defencemen
Chicago Blackhawks players
Ice hockey people from Alberta
Vancouver Canucks players
American Hockey League players
Tristan

Tristan () is a legendary character from Cornish folklore. He was one of the main characters of the story of Tristan and Isolde. He was also one of the Knights of the Round Table in the Matter of Britain. He is son of Meliodas and Elizabeth the king and queen of lioness. He is sent to Ireland by his uncle the King of Cornwall, to bring back Isolde so that the king can marry her. However, Tristan and Isolde accidentally fall in love. As a Knight of the Round Table, Sir Tristan was a well-known archer and a close friend to King Arthur.

Arthurian legend
Fictional knights
Orange juice

Orange juice is juice of oranges which is made by squeezing the fruit. It comes in several varieties, such as blood orange. It has a lot of Vitamin C. Orange Juice also has folic acid in it, which can be harsh on a sensitive stomach. 

 

Fruit juices
Citrus
Tropicana Products

Tropicana Products is a multinational American company. It makes soft drinks. It was founded in 1947. The company was established in Florida, but the current headquarters are in Chicago. The company specializes in orange juice. It is owned by PepsiCo, which owns other food brands including Gatorade and Frito-Lay. 

Drink companies
1947 establishments in the United States
American food companies
Companies based in Chicago, Illinois
Blohm & Voss Bv 142

The Blohm & Voss Bv 142 was a German reconnaissance aircraft of World War II. Its maiden flight was in October 1938. It was built at the beginning like an airliner. But just one was used by Lufthansa. The others were used by Luftwaffe for far reconnaissance. Fragile and unwieldy, it was stopped in 1942, just two years after it commissioned. Only four examples were built.

Bibliography 
 

World War II German aircraft
Military of Germany
German military aircraft
Belousov–Zhabotinsky reaction

The Belousov–Zhabotinsky reaction (often shortened to BZR or BZ) is an example of a chemical oscillator. It is often used to illustrate a chaotic system. The BZR is made of several chemical reactions, that occur in sequence. It shows chemical oscillation, which is unusual for chemical reactions. At first it was thought to be a measurement error, or an artifact. It was thought that according to the Second law of thermodynamics, this should not occur. According to this law, a system that is in an unordered state will not assume an ordered state on its own, that is without the provision of energy. However, this is only applicable in a closed system, and does not apply to the BZ reaction.

The reactions are theoretically important because they show that chemical reactions do not have to be dominated by  equilibrium thermodynamic behavior. These reactions are far from equilibrium and remain so for a significant length of time. In this sense, they provide an interesting chemical model of nonequilibrium biological phenomena. The mathematical models of the BZ reactions themselves are of theoretical interest.

An essential aspect of the BZ reaction is called"excitability": under the influence of stimuli, patterns develop in what would otherwise be a perfectly calm medium. Some clock reactions such as Briggs–Rauscher and BZ using the tris(bipyridine)ruthenium(II) chloride as catalyst can be made to show self-organising activity through the influence of light.

Similar processes were already known in the 19th century. Wilhelm Ostwald gave a detailed account in 1899 and 1900, describing the oscillations of Chrome in Hydrochloric acid and of iron in Nitric acid. Boris Pavlovich Belousov accidentally discovered the Belousov–Zhabotinsky reaction in the 1950s. Ilya Prigogine was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1977. His research focused on systems which were far away from an equilibrium state, the Belousov–Zhabotinsky reaction was included. Beloussow was awarded the Lenin Prize in 1980, after his death. The Lenin prize was the highest distinction for scientific achievement in the Soviet Union.

Chemical reactions
Chemical kinetics
Siebel Si 204

The Siebel Si 204 was a World War II-era German light transport aircraft built by Siebel. After the war it was also built in Czechoslovakia as Aero C3 and in France as SNCAN NC-701 Martinet. Siebel Si 204 was a twin-engine monoplane that can carry about ten passengers. Major user were the Luftwaffe.

Bibliography 
 

World War II German aircraft
Military of Germany
German military aircraft
PZL TS-8

The PZL TS-8 is a Polish military training aircraft built between 1957 and 1959. It was used by the Polish air force until 1978. It was sold to just one other air force in the world, Indonesia, and only 250 models were built. It was a single engine monoplane that can carry a crew of two peoples, trainer and student.

Polish military aircraft
Cold War
Moomins

The Moomins () are the main characters in a series of books and a comic strip by Swedish-speaking Finnish illustrator and writer Tove Jansson, originally published in Swedish by Schildts in Finland. 

They are a family of white, roundish fairy tale characters with large snouts that make them look like hippopotamuses. The carefree and adventurous family live in their house in Moominvalley, though in the past, their part-time residences have included a lighthouse and a theatre. They have had many adventures along with their various friends.

In all, nine books were released in the series, together with five picture books and a comic strip being released between 1945 and 1993.

The Moomins have since been the subject for many television series, movies and even a theme park called Moomin World in Naantali, Finland.

References

Finnish culture
Fictional characters
Anggun

Anggun Cipta Sasmi (Indonesian pronunciation: [aŋˈɡun ˈt͡ʃipta ˈsasmi]; born 29 April 1974) is an Indonesian and French-naturalised singer-songwriter. Born in Jakarta, she began performing at the age of seven and recorded a children's album two years later. With the help of famed Indonesian producer Ian Antono, in 1986 Anggun released her first rock-influenced studio album, Dunia Aku Punya. She became further well known with the single "Mimpi" (1989), which was listed as one of the 150 Greatest Indonesian Songs of All Time by Rolling Stone. She followed it with a series of singles and three more studio albums, which established her as one of the most prominent Indonesian rock stars of the early 1990s.

Anggun left Indonesia in 1994 to pursue an international career. After two years struggling in London and Paris, Anggun met French producer Erick Benzi and signed to Sony Music Entertainment. Her first international album, Snow on the Sahara (1997), was released in 33 countries and became the best-selling album by an Asian artist outside Asia. The album spawned her signature hit "Snow on the Sahara", which reached number one in several countries. Since her international breakthrough, Anggun has released five English-language studio albums and six French-language studio albums, as well as a soundtrack album to the Danish film Open Hearts (2002). She represented France in the Eurovision Song Contest 2012 in Baku, Azerbaijan, with the song "Echo (You and I)". She joined the judging panel of talent shows X Factor Indonesia (2013) and Asia's Got Talent (2015); the former made her the highest-paid judge in Indonesian television history.

Anggun is the Asian artist with the highest album sales outside Asia, with her releases being certified gold and platinum in some European countries. She is the first Indonesian artist to have success in European and American record charts. She has received a number of accolades for her achievements, including the Chevalier des Arts et Lettres from the Government of France and the World Music Award for World's Best-Selling Indonesian Artist. Aside from her musical career, Anggun has been involved in numerous environmental and humanitarian works. She has been appointed as the global ambassador of the United Nations twice, first for the International Year of Microcredit in 2005 and then for the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) in 2009 onwards.

Album 
 Dunia Aku Punya
 Elevation

References

Other websites
 Anggun official website 

Indonesian singers
French singers
1974 births
Living people
People from Jakarta
Henschel Hs 123

The Henschel Hs 123 is a biplane built in Nazi Germany as a dive bomber. Known like a Sturzkampfflugzeug this single-engine was used for the Spanish Civil War and after for the World War II against Polish, Belgian, and French troops. Spanish air force used some Hs 123.

Bibliography 
 

World War II German aircraft
Military of Germany
German military aircraft
Eurocopter EC665 Tiger

The Eurocopter EC665 Tiger is a new generation of attack helicopter built in France and Germany by Eurocopter. At the beginning of 2013, countries using this were Australia, France, Germany, and Spain. The Tiger () is a twin-turbine helicopter built in metal. Weapons are rockets, 30mm cannon, and missiles.

France used this helicopter in the Afghanistan war and in 2013 war in Mali against al-Qaeda.

Bibliography 
 Jackson, Robert, Helicopters: Military, Civilian, and Rescue Rotorcraft (The Aviation Factfile).  London: Grange Books Ltd, 2005. .
 Gaillard, Pierre, Avions et hélicoptères militaires d'aujourd'hui Paris, France : Larivière éditions, 1999.  .

Helicopters
French military aircraft
German military aircraft
EC665 Tiger
Paul Ireland

Paul Ireland (born 1970) is a Scottish actor from Ardrossan, North Ayrshire, Scotland. He is best known for his role as Duncan Hayes in Neighbours.

References

1970 births
Living people
Scottish television actors
North Ayrshire
Australian television actors
George Washington Parke Custis

George Washington Parke Custis (April 30, 1781 - October 10, 1857) was an American writer, orator, and agricultural reformer. He was the grandson of Martha Washington through her first husband, John Parke Custis. When his father died in 1781, George Washington Park Custis was raised at Mount Vernon by George and Martha Washington as their own son.

In 1804, Custis married Mary Lee Fitzhugh. They had four children.  Only one, Mary Anna Randolph Custis, survived.  In 1818, Custis completed Arlington House in Alexandria, Virginia. He displayed a large number of Mount Vernon relics there.

In 1831, his daughter married Lt. Robert E. Lee. The two remained in Arlington House. They had 7 children. Lee helped Custis manage his business affairs. Custis died in his bedroom at Arlington House in 1857.

References
 NPA:George Washington Parke Custis

People from Virginia
1781 births
1857 deaths
José Carlos Ruiz González

Jose Carlos Ruiz Gonzalez (born November 4, 1971 in Los Realejos, Tenerife, Canary Islands) is a judo athlete from Spain. He has a disability: He is blind and is a B2 type athlete. He competed in judo at the 2000 Summer Paralympics and he won third place in the men's Up to 60 kg group.

References 

Spanish judoka
Living people
1971 births
Spanish Paralympic bronze medalists
2000 Summer Paralympics
People from the Canary Islands
Sportspeople with disabilities, type B2
María Monica Merenciano

María Monica Merenciano Herrero (born August 1, 1984 in Lliria, Valencia) is a judo athlete from Spain. She has a disability: She is blind and a B2 type athlete. She competed in judo at the 2004 Summer Paralympics and was the number three person to finish in the Up to 63 kg women's group.  She competed in the 2008 Summer Paralympics and 2012 Summer Paralympics and finished number three in the Up to 57 kg women at both Games.

References 

Spanish judoka
Living people
1984 births
Spanish Paralympic bronze medalists
2004 Summer Paralympics
2008 Summer Paralympics
2012 Summer Paralympics
People from Valencia
Sportspeople with disabilities, type B3
María Del Mar Olmedo Justicia

María Del Mar Olmedo Justicia (born August 10, 1983 in  Almería) is a judo athlete from Spain. She has a disability: She is blind and a B3 type athlete. She competed in judo at the 2004 Summer Paralympics.  She was the number two judo athlete in the women's + 70 Kilogram group.

References 

Spanish judoka
Living people
1983 births
Spanish Paralympic silver medalists
2004 Summer Paralympics
People from Andalusia
Sportspeople with disabilities, type B3
Electroencephalography

Electroencephalography is a way to record certain patterns of brain activity, on the skin of the head. Nerve cells use electricity to transmit information. It is one of the methods of diagnosis which can be used for conditions that affect the nerves. An electroencephalogram is a recorded electroencephalography. Both are abbreviated EEG. Electroencephalography is used to detect epilepsy, coma, sleep and brain death. Special adaptations exists to research sleep, for example the length of sleep rhythms. Sleep occurs in different phases, the specially adapted EEG can show the length of these phases.

EEG waves
One way that scientists study EEG recordings is by looking at different waves in the EEG. These waves do not move across the body, but occur as changes in the signal at one place over time. They are studied using mathematical techniques for separating a signal into different frequencies. The slowest waves are called delta, and they occur at 1 to 4 cycles per second. Delta occurs in sleep and during anesthesia. The next frequency is called theta, and it occurs at 4 to 8 cycles per second. Theta is seen when a person is trying to keep many different things, such as numbers or words, in memory. It is also seen when a person is drowsy. After theta comes alpha, a wave occurring at 8 to 12 cycles per second. Alpha is seen over the back of the head when a person has his or her eyes shut. It is also seen when a person is resting or meditating. Faster than alpha is beta, a wave that occurs at 12 to 30 cycles per second. It is seen when a person is getting ready to move or no longer resting. It is also seen when a person takes benzodiazepine drugs. Finally, gamma is the fastest wave seen in EEG, occurring at 30 to 100 cycles per second. It is seen when a person is thinking or paying attention to something. 

Neurology
Medical imaging
Book of Shadows

The Book of Shadows is a mix of religious text and personal diary content caried by many Wiccans. Gerald Gardner started the idea and said Wiccans should write down rituals and magical instructions inside.

Related pages 
 Grimoire

Religious texts
Magic (paranormal)
Regional language

A regional language is a language spoken in an area that is part of a larger nation state.

Internationally, the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages, "regional or minority languages" means languages that are:
traditionally used within a given territory of a State by nationals of that State who form a group numerically smaller than the rest of the State's population; and 
different from the official language(s) of that State

A regional language is, in terms of political status, different from the official language of the country where it is spoken. The regional languages are sometimes recognized and protected by the regional government or the state: many states across the world recognize regional languages, and give them a status, as is the case, for example, of Wallonia, Spain, Italy or Switzerland. In other cases the state does not grant official status as an official language of the country; it is the case with the regional languages of France, which can be studied but cannot be used in the government or any public service, where only French is official.

Status and trends
In some cases, a regional language may be the main or official language of another country; that is the case, in Europe, of French in the Valle d'Aosta, or Slovene in Austria.

Status changes may take place either by laws within a state or is by political and territorial changes.

An example of the first case is Belgium, where only the French was the official language since the independence in 1831. In 1878, it was allowed that the provinces and districts where Flemish was spoken to use either French or Flemish; then, in 1938, Flemish became the official language of the northern part of Belgium.

For the second case, an example is the fragmentation of the Soviet Union where some regional languages, such as Latvian, Romanian or Georgian, became official languages in the new states formed after the fragmentation: Latvia, Moldova and Georgia.

In a federal state, an official language in a province, region or state, can be a regional language in other parts. That is the case, for example, in Canada, where the French is the official language in the province of Quebec but is a regional one in other provinces.

Related pages
Minority language
Provincial language
National language
Official language

References

Languages
Nationality
Linguistics
The Longest Yard

The Longest Yard (1974) is a comedy-drama movie starring Burt Reynolds, Eddie Albert, Enrique Peña Nieto, and Bernadette Peters. It is about a football team of prison inmates which plays against a team of prison guards.

References

1974 drama movies
1970s comedy movies
English-language movies
Movies directed by Robert Aldrich
The Best Little Whorehouse in Texas

The Best Little Whorehouse in Texas is a 1982 American musical comedy movie starring Burt Reynolds, Jim Nabors, and Dolly Parton. It is based on a Broadway musical written by Peter Masterson.

Other websites
 
 

1982 comedy movies
1980s musical movies
1980s sex comedy movies
American musical movies
American sex comedy movies
English-language movies
Movies about prostitution
Movies based on plays
Movies set in Texas
Universal Pictures movies
Tupolev Tu-22

The Tupolev Tu-22 is a former Soviet bomber of the Cold War. It is a twin-turbojets built entirely of metal with a swept-wing. It can carry about 6,000 kg of bombs in internal bay. It was used only by the USSR, Libya, and Iraq. The bomber could carry 3 crew members. NATO called the Tu 22 as Blinder. Tupolev Tu-22M is a modernized variant.

Operational uses 
Soviets forces used some Tu-22 as high-speed reconnaissance planes.

Iraq used there bombers in Iran-Iraq War.

Libyan air force used the Tupolev Tu-22 in September 1987 for bombing N'Djamena and the French infantry. The bomber was shoot down by a MIM-23 Hawk's missile of the Armée de l'Air.

Bibliography 
 Frawley, Gerard, The international directory of military aircraft 2002/2003 .  London: Aerospace Publication, 2002. .
 Gaillard, Pierre, Avions et hélicoptères militaires d'aujourd'hui Paris, France : Larivière éditions, 1999.  .

References 

Tupolev aircraft
Soviet military aircraft
Inference

Inference is a process of deriving new knowledge, given existing knowledge, and a number of rules. In logic, there are three different forms:
Deduction. Given some facts, and some rules, derive new knowledge. The best known case of this are syllogisms: All men are mortal, Socrates is a man, therefore Socrates is mortal. This is usually called deduction.
Induction. In a car, the brake is used; the car slows down; therefore: using the brake will slow down the car. This is called induction.
Abduction. Using the brake in a car will slow down the car; the car slows down; probably, the brake was used. This is called abduction.

In other fields 
Inference in language, the opposite of implication (grammar)
Inference (statistics) means to draw conclusions from data

Logic
Wollemia

Wollemia is a genus of coniferous tree in the family Araucariaceae. It is a "living fossil", recently found in 1994. Its fossil record dates back 200 million years, and it was thought to be long extinct.

Wollemia nobilis was discovered in 1994 in a temperate rainforest wilderness area of the Wollemi National Park in New South Wales. in a remote series of narrow, steep-sided sandstone gorges near Lithgow,  150 kilometres north-west of Sydney.

In both botanical and popular literature the tree has been called the Wollemi Pine. It is not a true pine (genus Pinus) nor a member of the pine family (Pinaceae), but is related to Agathis and Araucaria in the family Araucariaceae.

The Wollemi pine is classified as Critically Endangered (CR – D) on the International Union for Conservation of Nature's Red List 2002. It is legally protected in Australia. A Recovery Plan has been drawn up, outlining strategies for the management of this fragile population; the overall objective is to ensure that this species remains viable in the long-term.

References 

Conifers
Trees of Australia
Restless legs syndrome

Restless legs syndrome is a serious neurological disorder. It involves an irresistible urge to move certain regions of the human body to stop odd or uncomfortable sensation. This condition often involves the legs, torso, the head or the arms. Moving an affected part of the body modulates sensations, which may provide temporary relief. Around 75% of people who have RLS have problems involving iron. Other possible issues include varicose veins, sleep troubles, conditions involving blood sugar, ADHD or fibromyalgia. 

Syndromes
Neurology
Premenstrual syndrome

Premenstrual syndrome is a collection of emotional symptoms and conditions, with or without conditions that are physical. To actually declare PMS, certain emotional symptoms are present, the most common of which include stress, anxiety, problems falling asleep (insomnia) and mood issues. The condition affects many females.

Female reproductive system
Neurology
Little Chesterford

Little Chesterford is a village and civil parish in Uttlesford, Essex, England. In 2001 there were 205 people living in Little Chesterford. Little Chesterford is on the River Cam.

References 

Uttlesford
Villages in Essex
Civil parishes in Essex
Little Hallingbury

Little Hallingbury is a village and civil parish in Uttlesford, Essex, England. In 2001 there were 1403 people living in Little Hallingbury.

References 

Uttlesford
Villages in Essex
Civil parishes in Essex
Little Sampford

Little Sampford is a village and civil parish in Uttlesford, Essex, England. In 2001 there were 256 people living in Little Sampford.

References 

Uttlesford
Villages in Essex
Civil parishes in Essex
Manuden

Manuden is a village and civil parish in Uttlesford, Essex, England. In 2001 there were 636 people living in Manuden.

References 

Uttlesford
Villages in Essex
Civil parishes in Essex
Strethall

Strethall is a village and civil parish in Uttlesford, Essex, England. In 2001 there were 22 people living in Strethall. The name "Strethall" comes from 'Nook of land by a Roman Road'.

References 

Uttlesford
Villages in Essex
Civil parishes in Essex
Takeley

Takeley is a village and civil parish in Uttlesford, Essex, England. In 2001 there were 2308 people living in Takeley.

References 

Uttlesford
Villages in Essex
Civil parishes in Essex
Ugley

Ugley is a village and civil parish in Uttlesford, Essex, England. In 2001 there were 402 people living in Ugley. Ugley has a church called St Peter.

References 

Uttlesford
Villages in Essex
Civil parishes in Essex
Wicken Bonhunt

Wicken Bonhunt is a village and civil parish in Uttlesford, Essex, England. In 2001 there were 233 people living in Wicken Bonhunt. Wicken Bonhunt is in between Newport and Clavering.

References 

Uttlesford
Villages in Essex
Civil parishes in Essex
Lambourne

Lambourne is a village and civil parish in Epping Forest, Essex, England. In 2011 there were 2013 people living in Lambourne.

References 

Epping Forest
Villages in Essex
Civil parishes in Essex
Eight Cousins

Eight Cousins, or The Aunt-Hill is a book by Louisa May Alcott. It was published in 1875. It tells the story of orphan Rose Campbell and her eight aunts. 

Books by Louisa May Alcott
1870s books
English-language novels
Children's books
American novels
Frating

Frating is a village and civil parish in Tendring, Essex, England. In 2011 there were 537 people living in Frating. Frating church is now a private home.

References 

Villages in Essex
Civil parishes in Essex
Rose in Bloom

Rose in Bloom is a book by Louisa May Alcott. It was published in Boston by Roberts Brothers in 1876. The book is a sequel to Eight Cousins. It is about Rose Campbell's entry into society. 

Books by Louisa May Alcott
1876 books
Children's books
American novels
Acun Ilıcalı

Acun Ilıcalı (born 29 May 1969, Edirne) is a Turkish producer and presenter. He is also the founder and owner of Acun Medya.

Early life 
Acun Ilıcalı was born in May 29, 1969 in Edirne. He completed his basic education in Edirne. He went to high school in İstanbul at Kadıköy Maarif College and Anatolian High School. He enrolled in ELT department at Istanbul University but he dropped out and decided to work on television.

Programs  
 Fear Factor 
 Survivor 
 Var mısın Yok musun 
 Yetenek Sizsiniz  
 Yok Böyle Dans 
 O Ses Türkiye

Other websites 

1969 births
Living people
Turkish people
Television producers
Fingringhoe

Fingringhoe is a village and civil parish in Colchester borough, Essex, England. In 2001 there were 783 people living in Fingringhoe.

References 

Villages in Essex
Civil parishes in Essex
Under the Lilacs

Under the Lilacs is a book by Louisa May Alcott. It was published in 1878.

Other websites
Project Gutenburg
Full text version of Under the Lilacs

Books by Louisa May Alcott
1878 books
Children's books
American novels
An Old-Fashioned Girl

An Old-Fashioned Girl is a book by Louisa May Alcott. It was published in 1869.

 
Books by Louisa May Alcott
1869 books
Children's books
American novels
Fordham

Fordham is a village and civil parish in Colchester borough, Essex, England. In 2001 there were 818 people living in Fordham. Fordham has a church called All Saints, 2 pubs, one called Shoulder of Mutton and the other called Three Horse Shoes. Fordham also has a village store, which includes the post office.

References 

Villages in Essex
Civil parishes in Essex
A Long Fatal Love Chase

A Long Fatal Love Chase is a book by Louisa May Alcott. It was written in 1866, but first published in 1995.

Books by Louisa May Alcott
1866 books
American novels
Great Horkesley

Great Horkesley is a village and civil parish in Colchester borough, Essex, England. In 2001 there were 2259 people living in Great Horkesley.

References 

Villages in Essex
Civil parishes in Essex
Great Tey

Great Tey is a village and civil parish in Colchester borough, Essex, England. In 2001 there were 937 people living in Great Tey.

References 

Villages in Essex
Civil parishes in Essex
Little Horkesley

Little Horkesley is a village and civil parish in Colchester borough, Essex, England. In 2001 there were 216 people living in Little Horkesley.

References 

Villages in Essex
Civil parishes in Essex
Peldon

Peldon is a village and civil parish in Colchester borough, Essex, England. In 2001 there were 501 people living in Peldon. Peldon has a church called St Mary the Virgin.

References 

Villages in Essex
Civil parishes in Essex
Toby Tyler

Toby Tyler; or, Ten Weeks with a Circus is a children's novel. It was written by 'James Otis' (James Otis Kaler). It was first published in parts (serialization) in the magazine Harper's Young People in 1877. It was then published as a book by Harper & Brothers in 1881. A sequel called Mr. Stubb's Brother was published in 1883.

The story is about a boy who runs away from a foster home to join the circus. It was one of many "bad boy" books of the 19th century that were meant to show boys the consequences of being "bad". Toby Tyler was made into a Walt Disney movie in 1960.

1880s books
Children's books
Books with circus settings
American novels
James Otis Kaler

James Otis Kaler  (March 19, 1848 — December 11, 1912) was an American writer. Kaler was born and died in Maine. He wrote many, many books for children (mostly boys) using the pen name James Otis. His first book Toby Tyler is his best known book. It was made into the Walt Disney movie Toby Tyler in 1960.

Other websites

Works by James Otis at Internet Archive (original edition scanned books illustrated color)
Original edition scanned books with illustrations at Google Books
 (plain text and HTML)
James Otis (Kaler), a site devoted to Kaler and his work

1848 births
1912 deaths
Writers from Maine
Pilatus PC-12

The Pilatus PC-12 is a lightweight transport aircraft. It is built in Switzerland. It is a single-turboprop. It is made of metal and composite material. It can carry between six and nine passengers.

Users

Military 
Some Pilatus PC-12 are used by the military, includng Afghanistan, Bulgaria, Finland, Republic of South Africa, Switzerland, and USA. In this last country the Pilatus PC-12 is called U-28A and is used for special forces support.

Civil 
Most Pilatus PC-12 aircraft are used by civilian owners, including business aircraft.

Bibliography 
 Frawley, Gerard, The international directory of military aircraft 2002/2003 .  London: Aerospace Publication, 2002. .
 Gaillard, Pierre, Avions et hélicoptères militaires d'aujourd'hui Paris, France : Larivière éditions, 1999.  .
 Wilson, Stuart, Airliners of the world,  London: Aerospace Publication, 1999.

References 

Civil aircraft
Military aircraft
Transport in Switzerland