cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Immigration to Canada

Immigration to Canada is a way that people from other countries can move to Canada. Some laws about this include the Immigration Act 1976, and the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act 2002.

Canada lets many people move to Canada. Because of this, there are some high percentages of non-Canadians in ethnicity results.

History 
Even after Canadian colonization by the United Kingdom and France, there have been many other people coming to Canada in large groups.

First large group: 1700s 
In the 1700s, the French were settling in Quebec and Acadia, followed by some American and European movement.

After the American Revolution ended many Americans loyal to Britain went to Canada as it was the last main territory in North America still loyal to the Crown.

Second large group: 1800s 
The War of 1812 promoted British and Irish immigration to Canada. Some British officers went to Canada, fearing that the Americans would invade Canada. While Irish immigration was still high, eventually some went to the United States.

Others went to Canada from America, especially during the Klondike Gold Rush.

Third and fourth groups: 1900s 
This time, many people went to Canada from Europe. A large spike in the third group was pre-World War I.

Fifth group: the present 
This group saw an increase in Asian immigrants.

References 

Canada
Glans

The glans (Latin for "acorn") is a vascular structure on the tip of the penis in men or a homologous genital structure of the clitoris in women.

Related pages 
Glans penis
Clitoris

References

Reproductive system
Lessepsian migration

Lessepsian migration is the name given for the migration of marine species through the Suez Canal, between the Red Sea and the Mediterranean. 

It is named after Ferdinand de Lesseps, who built the Suez Canal. The Suez Canal joined two biospheres that were separate before. Many species migrated from the Red Sea to the Eastern Mediterranean. Only a few species migrated in the other direction, from the Mediterranean to the Red Sea. The migration can be seen most clearly when looking at fish species, even though other animals also migrated.

When the Suez Canal was opened in 1869, it created the first salt-water passage between the Red Sea and the Mediterranean. The Bitter Lakes are two very salty (hypersaline) lakes about mid-way in the canal. At first, this blocked the migration of species from the Red Sea to the Mediterranean. Over the last decades, the salinity of the lakes changed, which made it easier for species to migrate. 

The Red Sea is higher than the Mediterranean, at high tide, water flows from the Red Sea to the Mediterranean. The Red Sea is also poor in nutrients, so species who migrate will find more nutrients. The waters of the Red Sea are saltier than that of the Mediterranean. For these reasons, most species migrate from the Red Sea to the Mediterranean, and only very few migrate in the other direction.

When the Aswan High Dam was built in the 1960s, this blocked the flow of freshwater from the Nile into the Mediterranean. As a result, the salinity levels in the Eastern Mediterranean increase, and make it much more like the Red Sea – this means that migration will become even easier, as conditions are very similar. 

Invasive species coming from the Red Sea and introduced into the Mediterranean by the construction of the canal have become a major component of the Mediterranean ecosystem. They have serious impacts on the Mediterranean ecology, endangering many local and endemic Mediterranean species. To this day, about 300 species native to the Red Sea have been identified in the Mediterranean Sea, and there are probably others still unidentified. 

The Egyptian government announced it plans to deepen and widen the canal. This announcement has raised concerns from marine biologists, who fear that this will worsen the invasion of Red Sea species into the Mediterranean, and make the crossing of the canal easier for additional species.

Today, the term Lessepsian migration is used more broadly for any migration of animals over man-made structures.

References

Ecology
Egypt
Stuyvesant Town–Peter Cooper Village

Stuyvesant Town–Peter Cooper Village is a large, private community where people live. It is on the east side of Manhattan, a borough in New York City. It is one of the most and successful post-World War II private housing communities. Stuyvesant Town is known to its residents as "Stuy Town". It was named after Peter Stuyvesant, the last Director-General of the Dutch colony of New Amsterdam, whose farm occupied the site in the seventeenth century. Peter Cooper Village is named after Peter Cooper, a 19th-century industrialist, inventor and philanthropist. Cooper also founded Cooper Union.

The complex was planned beginning in 1942. It opened its first building in 1947. It replaced several very big gas storage tanks.

The complex has many red brick apartment buildings. They stretch from First Avenue to Avenue C between 14th and 23rd Streets. It covers about  of land. Some of this land is also playground land or parkland. Between 14th and 20th Street is Stuyvesant Town. It has 8,757 apartments in 89 residential buildings. Peter Cooper Village is between 20th and 23rd Streets. The complex has a total of 110 residential buildings, 11,250 apartments, and over 25,000 people living in it.

The East River and Avenue C is on the east, the Gramercy Park neighborhood on the west, the East Village and Alphabet City to the south, and Kips Bay to the north. To the west is a historic two-block park. Around the park is Stuyvesant Square, Saint George's Church, and the Beth Israel Medical Center.

References

Manhattan
Keri Russell

Keri Lynn Russell (born March 23, 1976 in Fountain Valley, California) is an American actress. She has starred in many movies for both the cinema and television. She starred in the television series Felicity from 1998 to 2002. Russell won a Golden Globe for "Best Actress in a Drama Series" in 1999.

Russell has been in a relationship with Matthew Rhys since 2014. They had their first child together in 2016.

Other websites 

Actors from Orange County, California
American movie actors
American television actors
Golden Globe Award winning actors
1976 births
Living people
Aleutian Islands

The Aleutian Islands (; possibly from Chukchi aliat, "island") are a chain of more than 300 small volcanic islands. They are in the Northern Pacific Ocean. They are spread out over an area of 6,821 sq mi (17,666 km²) and go out about  west from the Alaska Peninsula toward the Kamchatka Peninsula. They mark a line between the Bering Sea and the Pacific Gulf of Alaska. Crossing longitude 180°, they are the furthest West part of the United States  Nearly all the islands are part of Alaska but  at the extreme western end are the Commander Islands which are in Russia. The islands, with their 57 volcanoes, are in the northern part of the Pacific Ring of Fire. The Alaska Marine Highway passes through the islands.

About 8.200 people live in 11 towns or villages on seven islands, of the US part.  About 600 people live in the Russian part of the islands. 

Pacific islands
Islands of Alaska
Yarlung Zangbo River

Yarlung River is a watercourse that originates upstream from the South Tibet Valley and the Yarlung Zangbo Grand Canyon, in Southern Tibet. It then passes through the province of Assam, Republic of India, where it is known as the Dihang.

Rivers of China
Rivers of Assam
Yarlung Zangbo Grand Canyon

The Yarlung Zangbo Grand Canyon () or simply the Tsangpo Canyon or Tsangpo Gorge, along the Yarlung Tsangpo River in Tibet, China, is regarded by some as the deepest canyon in the world, and is slightly longer than the Grand Canyon, making it one of the world's largest.

References

Geography of China
Canyons
Clay Matthews III

William Clay Matthews III (born May 14, 1986 in Northridge, California) is an American football outside linebacker for the Los Angeles Rams of the National Football League (NFL). Matthews was drafted out of the University of Southern California by the Green Bay Packers with the 26th pick in the first round of the 2009 NFL Draft. Matthews is the son of former NFL player Clay Matthews, Jr. and his uncle is Bruce Matthews who also played in the NFL.

Other websites
Clay Matthews' Official website
Clay Matthews' profile at nfl.com 

1975 births
Living people
Green Bay Packers players
American football linebackers
Sportspeople from Los Angeles
Lea Thompson

Lea Katherine Thompson (born May 31, 1961) is an American actress. She acted in the 1983 movie All the Right Moves and the 1990s sitcom Caroline in the City. She also starred in many made for television movies.

Early life 
Thompson was born in Rochester, Minnesota. Both she and her older brother Andrew Thompson took ballet classes as children. Both became dancers with major dance companies--Andrew with the Colorado Ballet and Lea with the American Ballet Theatre. After Lea had many injuries, she left professional ballet to become an actress.

Other websites 

1961 births
Living people
Actors from Minnesota
American movie actors
American television actors
People from Rochester, Minnesota
Rallidae

The rails, or Rallidae, are a large family of small to medium-sized birds. The rails are related to cranes, and both are in the order Gruiformes.

The family is diverse, and includes the crakes, coots, and gallinules. Many species are associated with wetlands, although the family is found in every terrestrial habitat except dry deserts, polar regions and alpine areas above the snow line. The Rallidae are found on every continent except Antarctica. There are numerous island species. The most common habitats are marshland or dense forest. They like dense vegetation.

There are many rails on islands, and they are often flightless.

Flight and flightlessness
The wings of all rails are short and rounded. Their flight is not powerful, but can continue for long periods, and many species migrate annually. The weakness of their flight means they are easily blown off course, so they are common vagrants. This has led them to colonize many isolated oceanic islands. Furthermore, these birds often prefer to run rather than fly, especially in dense shrub or woodland habitats. Some are also flightless at some time during their moult period.

Many island rails are flightless because on a small island without threatening predators they do not need to fly or move long distances. Flight makes intense demands, with the keel and flight muscles taking up to a quarter of a bird's weight. Reducing the flight muscles lowers the metabolic demands, and reduces the flightless rail's energy needs. For this reason, flightlessness makes it easier to survive and colonize an island where resources may be limited. Flightlessness can evolve extremely rapidly in island rails; it took as little as 125,000 years for the Laysan Rail to lose the power of flight and evolve the reduced, stubby wings only useful to keep balance when running quickly.

References
Tim Masthay

Tim Masthay (born March 16, 1987 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania) is an American football punter for the Green Bay Packers of the National Football League (NFL). Masthay was not drafted but started his football career in 2009 with the Indianapolis Colts when he was part of their practice squad. Masthay's father, Dr. Mark Masthay is a chairman of the chemistry department at the University of Dayton and his mother is the Executive Director of TriState Habitat for Humanity in Cincinnati, Ohio.

Other websites
Tim Masthay's profile at nfl.com 

1975 births
Living people
Green Bay Packers players
American football punters
Sportspeople from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
All Pakistan Muslim League

The All-Pakistan Muslim League, is a political party in Pakistan founded by Pervez Musharraf in Karachi, Pakistan, in 2010, . The party was registered at the Election Commission.

References

Muslim League
2010 establishments in Asia
All Parties Hurriyat Conference

The All Parties Hurriyat Conference (APHC) (formed March 10, 1993) is a political front formed as an alliance of 26 political, social and religious organizations in Kashmir. It was formed achieving the right of self-determination according to United Nations Security Council Resolution 47. "Hurriyat" in Koshur (as well as in Arabic from which the word is loaned, Urdu and Persian)  means "liberty". Tabish Bhat was elected its leader in January 2010.

Objectives 
The primary objective of Hurriyat Conference is to have Islamic governance in Jammu & Kashmir and liberating the regions from India to Pakistan.

References 

Political parties in Kashmir
Matt Turk

Matthew Edward Turk (born June 16, 1968 in Greenfield, Wisconsin) is a former American football punter that played 18 seasons in the National Football League (NFL). Turk was not drafted but started his football career in 1995 with the Washington Redskins.

He played for the Washington Redskins from 1995 to 1999, the Miami Dolphins from 2000 to 2001, the New York Jets in 2002, the Miami Dolphins again from 2003 to 2005, the St. Louis Rams in 2006, the Houston Texans from 2007 to 2010, the Jacksonville Jaguars in 2011 and the Houston Texans again in 2011.

Websites
Matt Turk at nfl.com

1968 births
American football punters
Green Bay Packers players
Houston Texans players
Jacksonville Jaguars players
Living people
Los Angeles Rams players
Miami Dolphins players
New York Jets players
Sportspeople from Wisconsin
St. Louis Rams players
Washington Redskins players
Anthurium

Anthurium is a large plant genus of about one thousand species, belonging to the arum family (Araceae). Anthurium can also be called "Flamingo Flower" or "Boy Flower", both referring to the structure of the spathe and spadix.

The species has neotropical distribution; mostly in wet tropical mountain forest of Central America and South America, but some in semi-arid environments. 

Araceae
Wynonna Judd

Christina Claire Ciminella (born May 30, 1964), aka Wynonna Judd, is an American singer and songwriter. In 1992 she had her first number one album on Billboard's Top Country Albums.

She first rose to fame during the 1980s as part of the duo The Judds with her mother Naomi Judd, who is also a singer. The duo had seven albums via Curb Records. Wynonna has had many solo albums.

Singles

As lead artist

Related pages
List of country musicians from Kentucky

Sources

Country musicians from Kentucky
1964 births
Living people
Blades of Glory

Blades of Glory is a 2007 American sports comedy movie that was produced by Ben Stiller, Stuart Cornfeld and John Jacobs and was directed by Josh Gordon and Will Speck. Blades of Glory was given a 69% Fresh rating on Rotten Tomatoes and a 64 out of 100 rating on Metacritic. Blades of Glory grossed $33,014,202 on its opening weekend with 3,372 theaters, beating Disney's Meet the Robinsons to be the number 1 film. Voice clips from the movie are featured in the 2011 song, "Niggas in Paris" by Jay-Z and Kanye West.

Cast 
Will Ferrell as Charles "Chazz" Michael Michaels
Jon Heder as James "Jimmy" MacElroy
Will Arnett as Stranz Van Waldenberg
Amy Poehler as Fairchild Van Waldenberg
Jenna Fischer as Katie Van Waldenberg
Craig T. Nelson as Coach Robert
Nick Swardson as Hector
Romany Malco as Jesse
Rob Corddry as Bryce
William Daniels as Commissioner Ebbers
William Fichtner as Darren MacElroy

References

Other websites
Blades of Glory's official website
 
 

2007 comedy movies
2000s buddy movies
2000s sports comedy movies
American buddy movies
American sports comedy movies
Buddy comedy movies
English-language movies
Kathleen Turner

Mary Kathleen Turner (born June 19, 1954) is an American actress. She became famous during the 1980s with Hollywood movies including: Body Heat, Romancing the Stone and Peggy Sue Got Married. Turner has starred in many television programs and theatrical movies. She was born in Springfield, Missouri. She is a Democrat.

References

Other websites 

1954 births
Living people
Actors from Missouri
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
American stage actors
Democrats (United States)
People from Springfield, Missouri
Jewel (singer)

Jewel Kilcher (born May 23, 1974), known simply as Jewel, is an American singer-songwriter. She has had four Grammy Award nominations. Jewel was born in Payson, Utah, but raised in Anchorage, Alaska.

References 

1974 births
Living people
American guitarists
Musicians from Utah
Singers from Utah
Singers from Alaska
Musicians from Alaska
American singer-songwriters
People from Anchorage, Alaska
Woody Bay railway station

Woody Bay was a station on the old Lynton and Barnstaple Railway, a narrow gauge railway line that ran through Exmoor from Barnstaple to Lynton and Lynmouth in North Devon. The station was inland, about 2 km from Woody Bay itself. It opened with the line (as Wooda Bay until the name was changed in 1901) on 7 March 1898, and closed when the line was closed on 29 September 1935. From 1923 until closure, the line was part of the Southern Railway.

Woody Bay station was built in part to serve the expected development of a resort at Woody Bay, a mile or so to the north.  A pier was built in the bay, although not much more building took place, and the pier was destroyed by storms before it properly opened.
The development was stopped when the promotor went bankrupt in 1900, and although a route was surveyed for a branch line to the bay, it was never built.

After being bought by the Lynton and Barnstaple Railway Company in 1995, restoration of the station began, and it opened as a Visitors' Centre in 2003.  An "out and back" service over a few hundred yards of track began in 2004, and with the opening of a temporary station at Killington Lane, about one mile towards Parracombe Halt, a regular "point to point" service started in 2006.

A carriage shed has been built into a cutting beyond the station.  It is a temporary structure erected in 2003, and can be moved when the line expands.

Woody Bay station is at: 

Railway stations in England
Endgame (chess)

The endgame in chess (or end game or ending) is the part of the game when there are few pieces left on the board. Alternatively, endgames begin when the middlegame is over, and kings are relatively safe.

Features of endgame play 
There are three main strategic differences between earlier parts of the game and endgame:
the 
Pawns: during the endgame, pawns become more special. In the endgame, one thing players try to do is to promote a pawn by advancing it to the eighth rank.

 Kings: may become strong pieces in the endgame. The king may be brought towards the center of the board. There it can support its own pawns, attack the opponent's pawns, and oppose the opponent's king.

 Draws: in the endgame, a game may be drawn because there are too few pieces on the board to allow a player to win. This is one of the main reasons for games to be drawn.

All endgame positions can be put into two camps. On the one hand are positions which may be won by force. On the other hand are positions which are drawn, or which should be drawn. The ones that are drawn for certain may be legally drawn (mate could not happen) or drawn by chess experience (no sane defence could lose). All endgames in master chess revolve around the borderline between winning and drawing. Generally, once a 'textbook' drawn position is reached the players will agree a draw; otherwise they play on.

Endgames can be studied according to the type of pieces that remain on board. For example, king and pawn endgames have only kings and pawns on one or both sides and the task of the stronger side is to promote one of the pawns. Other endings are studied according to the pieces on board other than kings, e.g. rook and pawn versus rook endgame.

Basic checkmates 
Basic checkmates are positions in which one side has only a king and the other side has one or two pieces, enough to checkmate the opponent's king. They are usually learned at the beginner stage. Examples are mate with K+Q v K; K+R v K; K+2B v K; K+B&N v K (this one is quite difficult).

Technical endgames 

Positions for which the result is certain, given best play, are technical positions. The best example is the analysis by computer chess engine of all possible positions with six pieces or fewer. This is called proof by exhaustion or exhaustive proof. It is logically the same as proving a mathematical theorem by proving the complete set of individual cases covered by the theorem.

Endgame tablebases 
After the chess engine has analysed the positions, the results are put into an endgame tablebase for easy retrieval by users. Working with a database to discover previously unknown facts is called 'data mining'.

A number of interesting and surprising facts have indeed emerged. For example, For all three- to five-piece endgames and pawnless six-piece endgames, a complete list of mutual zugzwangs has been tabulated and published.

Another case is the longest sequence of moves to reach a definite result, called 'Depth to conversion'. In May 2006, Bourzutschky and Konoval discovered a KQN vs KRBN position with an astonishing DTC of 517 moves.

References 

Chess
Jimmy Roy

Jimmy Roy (born September 22, 1975 in Sioux Lookout, Ontario) is a Canadian ice hockey player currently playing for the Iserlohn Roosters of the Deutsche Eishockey Liga.

Playing career
Roy was drafted 254th overall by the Dallas Stars in the 1994 NHL Entry Draft but never played in the National Hockey League. After spending two years at Michigan Technological University he signed with the Manitoba Moose in 1997. Roy spent nine seasons with the Manitoba Moose, the first four in the International Hockey League and the rest in the American Hockey League after the Moose became members of the league when the IHL folded. He holds different team records like games played and most goals. For the 2006–07 season Roy signed with the Iserlohn Roosters of the Deutsche Eishockey Liga. In Iserlohn he developed to a key player, known for his leading quality on and off the ice. He also helped the club to sign some former Moose players like Ryan Ready and Pat Kavanagh. Roy extended his contract after his first season in Germany for two years. On Christmas Day 2008 the Roosters announced again that Roy has signed for two more years. As a Rooster he usually plays on a line with Ryan Ready. In the 2007–08 season their center was Pat Kavanagh, the next season Bob Wren was their linemate.

Awards
 2002–03 Yanick Dupre Memorial Award
 2006 AHL All-Star Game

Career statistics

Other websites

1975 births
American Hockey League players
Canadian ice hockey left wingers
Ice hockey people from Ontario
Living people
United States Hockey League players
International Hockey League (1945–2001) players
Jean-François Labbé

Jean-François "J.F." Labbé, nicknamed Ti-Mine, (born June 15, 1972) is a retired Canadian professional ice hockey goaltender.

Playing career
After playing four seasons in the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League, Labbé began a very successful American Hockey League career.  He played for the Prince Edward Island Senators, Cornwall Aces, Hershey Bears, Hamilton Bulldogs, Hartford Wolf Pack and Syracuse Crunch in his AHL tenure.  His best season came in 1996–1997 with the Hershey Bears, when he won both the Hap Holmes Memorial Award for lowest goals against average and the Les Cunningham Award for league MVP. Labbé won the Calder Cup with the Hartford Wolf Pack in 2000.

Labbé appeared in 15 NHL games: one with the New York Rangers at the end of the 1999–2000 season and 14 with the Columbus Blue Jackets during the 2001–02 and 2002–03 seasons.

He played for the Saint-Georges Garaga in the Ligue Nord-Américaine de Hockey in 2003–2004 after a short stint with the Tolyatti Lada in the Russian Hockey Super League.

Labbé has played in the DEL for three seasons, with Augsburger Panther in 2004–05 and with the Sinupret Ice Tigers in 2005–06 and 2006–07.

For the 2007–08 season he joined the Vienna Capitals in Austria's Erste Bank Hockey League.

Labbé was selected for induction as part of the American Hockey League Hall of Fame's 2016 class.

Awards
1996-97 AHL Hap Holmes Memorial Award (lowest GAA)
1996-97 AHL Les Cunningham Award (MVP)
1999-00 AHL Hap Holmes Memorial Award (lowest GAA)

Records
Labbé currently holds records with the Syracuse Crunch for:
Lowest GAA in a single season - 2.18 (2001–02)
Highest single season save percentage - .928 (2001–02)
Career shutouts - 11

References

Other websites

1972 births
American Hockey League players
Canadian ice hockey goaltenders
Colonial Hockey League players
Columbus Blue Jackets players
Hull Olympiques players
Ice hockey people from Quebec
Living people
New York Rangers players
Sherbrooke Faucons players
Trois-Rivières Draveurs players
Tatyana Ali

Tatyana Ali (born January 24, 1979) is an American R&B singer and actress. She is best known for playing Ashley Banks in The Fresh Prince of Bel Air. She later played Roxanne in The Young and the Restless.

Ali was born in North Bellmore, New York, a suburb of New York City.

Awards

Caribbean Heritage Organization
 2011: Recipient, Living Legacy Award

NAACP Image Awards
 1996: Won, Outstanding Youth Actor/Actress – The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air
 1997: Nominated, Outstanding Youth Actor/Actress – The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air
 2010: Nominated, Outstanding Actress in a Daytime Drama – The Young and the Restless
 2011: Nominated, Outstanding Actress in a Comedy Series – Love That Girl!
 2011: Won, Outstanding Actress in a Daytime Drama – The Young and the Restless
 2012: Won, Outstanding Actress in a Daytime Drama – The Young and the Restless
 2012: Nominated, Outstanding Actress in a Comedy Series – Love That Girl!
 2013: Nominated, Outstanding Actress in a Comedy Series – Love That Girl!

Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards
 1996: Nominated, Favorite Television Actress – The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air

Young Artist Awards
 1991: Won, Outstanding Young Comedienne in a Television Series – The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air
 1992: Nominated, Outstanding Young Comedienne in a Television Series – The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air
 1993: Nominated, Outstanding Young Comedienne in a Television Series – The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air
 1994: Nominated, Outstanding Young Comedienne in a Television Series – The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air
 1995: Nominated, Outstanding Young Comedienne in a Television Series – Name Your Adventure

References

1979 births
Living people
American television actors
Actors from New York City
Singers from New York City
Damian Marley

Damian "Jr. Gong" Marley (born July 21, 1978 in Kingston, Jamaica) is a Jamaican singer.  Marley has won four Grammy Awards. He is the son of Bob Marley.

Personal life 
Marley has released four studio albums. Marley has ten siblings: Ky-Mani, Julian, Stephanie, Karen, Rohan, Robbie, Stephen, Ziggy, Cedella and Sharon. Marley has a football team named after him in England called FC Zion.

Discography
Damian Marley has released 4 studio albums:

References

Other websites 

 Damian Marley official website

1978 births
Living people
Jamaican singers
Rastafari
Reggae musicians
Marley, Bob
Grammy Award winners
Upstate New York

Upstate New York is the part of the state of New York that is north or west of the New York metropolitan area.

Geography
Upstate cities include Buffalo, Rochester, Syracuse, Ithaca and Utica.  Rural areas of New York are also upstate.  These include the Adirondack Mountains and the Mohawk Valley.  Culturally, upstate New York is quite different than New York City.

Politics
The people who live in upstate New York came from different places than the people who live in New York City.  Also, upstate New York is more moderate politically, with rural counties voting more conservative and urban counties more liberal, contrasted with the mostly liberal New York City.

Attractions
Attractions in Upstate New York include:
Corning Museum of Glass, Corning
Culinary Institute of America, Hyde Park
International Boxing Hall of Fame, Canastota
National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum, Cooperstown
Niagara Falls, Niagara Falls
Women's Rights National Historic Park, National Women's Hall of Fame, Seneca Falls

New York
Precision Approach Path Indicator

The Precision Approach Path Indicator (PAPI) is a visual system next to the touch-point on a runway. The purpose of the system is to lead a plane in correct approach. The PAPI creates ray of light which gives pilot information about his actual height. 

Principle:

If plane is over correct approach line, pilot will see 3 white lights and 1 red. If he is higher, he will see all lights in white.
If plane keeps correct approach, pilot will see 2 white lights and 2 red. The right line is in the angle 3 degrees from axis of airport.
If plane is under correct approach line, pilot will see 3 red lights and 1 white. If he is lower, he will see all lights in red.

The rules about the parameters are written in standard ANNEX 14 ICAO. The brochure contains more specific information about intensity of ray, location where we can get device etc.

Aviation
Social Futebol Clube

Social Futebol Clube is a football club which plays in Brazil.

Honours

Campeonato Mineiro da Primeira Divisão Módulo II: 2
1996, 2007

Campeonato Mineiro da Segunda Divisão: 1
1995

Brazilian football clubs
Vale do Aço metropolitan area
1944 establishments
1940s establishments in Brazil
Twiztid

Twiztid are an American hip-hop/Horrorcore group from Detroit, Michigan. The group consists of two members: Jamie Madrox and Monoxide.

Albums 
Twiztid has released five studio albums:

Websites 
Twiztid's Official website

hip hop bands
Musical groups from Michigan
University of California, San Diego

The University of California, San Diego (UCSD or UC San Diego) is a public research university. It is in the La Jolla neighborhood of San Diego, California, United States. UCSD is part of the University of California system. It was founded in 1960 near the Scripps Institution of Oceanography. 

There were 22,048 undergraduate and 5,073 graduate students in Fall 2007. The university awarded 6,802 degrees in 2005/06. The university is organized into six undergraduate colleges and six graduate divisions. It offers 125 undergraduate majors, 52 masters degrees, 51 doctoral programs, and four professional degrees.

In 2012, UCSD was ranked the 15th best university in the world by the Academic Ranking of World Universities.  The 2010 edition of U.S. News & World Report ranked UC San Diego as the 35th best university in the nation. UCSD is consistently ranked high in other college and university rankings. In 2010, the university ranked 1st nationally in The Washington Monthly.

Other websites

Official website of the University of California, San Diego
Historical Overview of UCSD
NEES @ UC San Diego Large High Performance Outdoor Shake Table website

References

1960 establishments in California
Association of American Universities
San Diego, California
San Diego
University of California

The University of California (UC) is a public university system in the state of California. The University of California is a part of the state's three-tier public higher education system, which also includes the California State University system and the California Community Colleges system.

The University of California has a combined student body of more than 220,000 students and over 170,000 faculty and staff. Its first campus, UC Berkeley, was founded in 1868, while its tenth and newest campus, University of California, Merced, opened for classes in fall 2005. 

The University of California's campuses boast large numbers of distinguished faculty in almost every field and is widely regarded as one of the top public university systems in the world. Eight of its undergraduate campuses are ranked among the top 100, six among the top 50, and two among the top 25 U.S. universities by the U.S. News and World Report. Six of its campuses are members of the Association of American Universities, a group of over 60 top U.S. and Canadian research universities. The current president of the University of California is Janet Napolitano.

Campuses
 University of California, Berkeley
 University of California, Davis
 University of California, Irvine
 University of California, Los Angeles
 University of California, Merced
 University of California, Riverside
 University of California, San Diego
 University of California, San Francisco
 University of California, Santa Barbara
 University of California, Santa Cruz
 The University of California, Hastings College of the Law is affiliated with UC, but governed separately from the rest of the UC system.

Other websites

Official website of the University of California

Notes
Luther Vandross

Luther Vandross (April 20, 1951-July 1, 2005) was an American R&B/soul singer-songwriter. He had over 25 million albums and won eight Grammy Awards during his singing career.

Vandross died of a heart attack on July 1, 2005.

References

Other websites

1951 births
2005 deaths
African American musicians
American R&B singers
American soul musicians
Cardiovascular disease deaths in the United States
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Singers from New York City
University of California, Santa Barbara

The University of California, Santa Barbara (also referred to as UCSB and UC Santa Barbara) is a research university in Santa Barbara, California, United States. The third-oldest of the ten major campuses affiliated with the University of California, Santa Barbara offeres 87 undergraduate and 55 graduate degree programs in a wide range of disciplines. The main campus is located on a 1,022-acre (4.1 km2) site in Santa Barbara, California, 100 miles (160 km) northwest of Los Angeles. The University was founded in 1909 and joined the University of California-system in 1944.

UC Santa Barbara is a "very high activity" research university. UCSB houses twelve national research centers.  UCSB faculty includes five Nobel Prize laureates, one  Fields Medalist, 29 members of the United States National Academy of Sciences, 27 members of the National Academy of Engineering, and 23 members of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.

Other websites

Official website of the University of California, Santa Barbara

Notes

Association of American Universities
Uc Santa Barbara
Santa Barbara
Brown pelican

The brown pelican (Pelecanus occidentalis) is a large bird that lives along the coasts of the Atlantic, Pacific Ocean, and Gulf of Mexico in North and South America.

Brown pelicans are carnivores (meat-eaters) and hunt during the day (they are diurnal). They eat mostly fish and some amphibians and crustaceans.

Birds of North America
Birds of South America
Pelecaniformes
Lincoln Continental

The Lincoln Continental was an American luxury car first produced around in 1939. The production ended around 1948, but resumed during 1956. This car was a fully sized vehicle during most of its years. Its production ended around 2002. The replacement vehicle was Lincoln LS V8.

1930s automobiles
1940s automobiles
1950s automobiles
1960s automobiles
1970s automobiles
1980s automobiles
1990s automobiles
2000s automobiles
Continental
Julia Stiles

Julia Stiles (b. March 28, 1981, New York City) is an American actress. She played Nicky Parsons in the Bourne movie series. She is also a stage and television actress. On March 17, 2001, Stiles hosted Saturday Night Live. She is a feminist.

References

1981 births
Living people
American feminists
American movie actors
American stage actors
American television actors
Actors from New York City
Ryu Gwan-sun

Ryu Gwan-sun or Yu Gwan-sun (Hangul: 유관순, Hanja: 柳寬順) (December 16, 1902 – September 28, 1920) was a Christian Korean freedom fighter who protested against the Japanese occupation of Korea.

Childhood 
Ryu Gwansun was born on December 16, 1902, in a small farming village. Her brother said that she taught herself how to read Hangul. She was a playful, lively child who enjoyed running "like a boy" and was able to memorize Bible verses quickly. Her nephew, who grew up in the same village as her, said that she had very large, bright black eyes. Her brother described her as tall, with a plump, fair face.

When she was 12, she entered the Ewha Girls' School in Seoul, where she learned more about Christianity.

Demonstrations 

Ryu Gwansun joined in the March 1st Movement with some friends from her school, though her teacher strongly told them not to. She was taken to prison for a short time, and her school was closed. With the help of her family and friends, Ryu planned a peaceful demonstration in her province for 1 March. The day before the demonstration, Ryu lit a bonfire on a mountain as a signal to begin the demonstration. The next day, over 2000 people came together in a marketplace for the demonstration. The Japanese police shot at the people, and about 19 people died, including Ryu's parents. Ryu Gwansun was taken to prison. She died on September 28, 1920 from injuries sustained from torture and beatings in prison.

References 

1902 births
1920 deaths
Dorothy Hamill

Dorothy Hamill (born July 26, 1956) is an American athlete. She won a gold medal in the 1976 Winter Olympics in figure skating.
Hamill was born in Chicago but grew up in Greenwich, Connecticut. She was married to Dean Paul Martin from 1982 until they divorced in 1984. She was married to Kenneth Forsythe from 1987 until 1995. Hamill has been married to John MacColl since 2009. She has a daughter by Forsythe.

References 

1956 births
Living people

American autobiographers
American figure skaters
American Olympic gold medalists
Dancing with the Stars participants
Sportspeople from Chicago
Sportspeople from Connecticut
Peggy Fleming

Peggy Fleming is an American figure skater and ABC Sports television commentator. She was the champion at 1968 Winter Olympics. She was born July 27, 1948 in San Jose, California.

References

Other websites

1948 births
Living people
Figure skaters from California
People from San Jose, California
American Olympic gold medalists
Display (zoology)

Display is a form of animal behaviour, linked to survival of the species in various ways. 

One function of display is in courtship. In most species the male has a striking feature that is distinguished by colour, shape or size, used to attract a female. In many species the male has another, more cryptic, form out of the mating season.

A related function is armament (horns, teeth) exhibited and used by 'tournament' species. In these species, males fight to gain the 'right' to breed. The display part of the process is a mechanism for younger males to avoid being damaged by prime males. Instinctive behaviour prompts lesser males to leave the field. Peafowl, deer, antelope and elephant seals are good examples.

The other main function is in species which have territorial display behaviour. This may preserve a foraging or hunting territory for its family or group. 

Zoology
Ethology
Mary Lou Retton

Mary Lou Retton (born January 24, 1968) is an American gymnast. She was born in Fairmont, Virginia. Retton won gold, silver and bronze medals in the 1984 Summer Olympics. She was the first female outside Eastern Europe to win an Olympic all around title.

References

1968 births
American gymnasts
American Olympic bronze medalists
American Olympic gold medalists
American Olympic silver medalists
Living people
Medalists at the 1984 Summer Olympics
Sportspeople from Virginia
Air mass

An air mass is a volume of air defined by its  temperature and water vapor content. Air masses cover many hundreds or thousands of square miles. Colder air masses are called polar or arctic, while warmer air masses are called tropical.

Meteorology
Antelope

Antelope is a term for many even-toed ungulate species. Antelope is not a strict taxonomic term because they are not a clade. Antelope is a 'wastebasket taxon' in the family Bovidae. It includes the old-world species which are not cattle, sheep, buffalo, bison, or goats. 

Antelopes occupy the ecological niche which deer occupy north of the Sahara. Both deer and antelopes are grass-eating mammals which have replaced browsers as the dominant vegetarian animals as forests gave way to grasslands.

Antelope are found mostly in Africa below the Sahara, and parts of Asia. No antelope are native to North America: the pronghorn is a member of the family Antilocapridae, another family. True antelope have horns which are unbranched and never shed, while pronghorns have branching horns, and shed annually. 

There are 91 species of antelope, most of which are native to Africa, in about 30 genera. A group of antelope is called a herd.

Species of forest, woodland, or bush tend to be sedentary, but many of the plains species undertake huge migrations. These migrations enable grass-eating species to follow the rains and therefore their food supply. The gnus and gazelles of East Africa perform some of the most impressive mass migratory circuits of all mammals. 

All bovids have even-toed hooves, horizontal pupils, ruminating guts, and (in at least the males) bony horns.
Many antelope are sexually dimorphic. In most species, both sexes have horns, but those of males tend to be larger. There is a tendency for males to be larger than the females

Horns are not shed and are not made of bone, which distinguishes them from antlers.
Gazelles and springbok are known for their speed and leaping abilities. Even larger antelope, such as elands, and kudus, are capable of jumping 8 feet (2.4 m) or greater, although their running speed is restricted by their greater mass.

References 

Bovids
Bredevoort Castle

The Castle of Bredevoort was a castle in the city of Bredevoort, Guelders in the Netherlands.

History
The name of the castle was for the first time written in the year 1188 as "castrum Breidervort".

In 1646 lightning hit the gunpowder tower of the castle, causing an explosion that destroyed the castle and the town, killing Lord Haersolte of Bredevoort and his family, as well as others. Only one son, Anthonie, who was not home that day, survived.

In April 2009 big walls were discovered  underground in the heart of the town. On the square they found remain of the gate building which was a part of the ring wall surrounding the castle. That foundation is visible on the square today.

Castles
Buildings and structures in the Netherlands
Aalten
Tim Leveque

Tim Leveque (born June 13, 1968) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey player. He is most famous for being the Laval Chiefs enforcer that is called up later in the season in the hockey documentary "Les Chiefs".

Playing career
Leveque started his career with the Thunder Bay Senators of the Colonial Hockey League during the 1993-94 season. In two games, Leveque accumulated 23 PIMs.

After an eight year layoff, Leveque would resurface with the Laval Chiefs of the Quebec Semi-Pro Hockey League (currently the LNAH). Leveque would engage in several fights with Dominic "The Giant" Forcier of the Sorel Royaux during the season. Forcier who stood 6' 7" and 320 lbs, was taken down by Leveque during each of their three fights. After Leveque's final fight with Forcier on February 10, 2002, he would fight Chad Nicholson in the closing minutes of the same game. This would be Leveque's final game with the Chiefs. After the game, Leveque would tell the team that he had "connections in Norfolk" and that he was leaving the team.

In 2004, Leveque received a tryout with the Sherbrooke Saint-Francois. He would play one game with Sherbrooke, and was briefly involved in a fight with David Lessard. Leveque would be released after the game.

In 2005, Leveque played a preseason game with the Sorel-Tracy Mission and fought Corey Dean. After one game with the Mission, Leveque was released.

References

Other websites

1968 births
Canadian ice hockey left wingers
Colonial Hockey League players
Ice hockey people from Ontario
Living people
People from Ottawa
Pirate Party Germany

The Pirate Party Germany (German: Piratenpartei Deutschland; short: PIRATEN, "Pirates") is a political party in Germany based on the model of the Swedish Piratpartiet.

Party Platform 
The party opposes the loss of civil rights in telephony and on the Internet, in particular the rules for keeping information about telephone calls and Germany's new Internet censorship law called Zugangserschwerungsgesetz.

The party favours the civil right to information privacy and reforms of copyright, education, computer science and genetic patents.

It wants more open and transparent government, and the electronic inspection and control of government operations by the citizen.

History 

The party was founded on 10 September 2006. Party leader has been Patrick Schiffer since August 2016. Previous leaders were among others Sebastian Nerz, Dirk Hillbrecht, Jens Seipenbusch and Christof Leng.

In February 2009, the village spokesperson of Hohenstein, a city councillor in Strausberg, Jens Knoblich joined the Pirate Party Germany. In June 2009, Bundestag member Jörg Tauss, who has been charged with the crime of child pornography possession and distribution, left the SPD and joined the Pirate Party after the Zugangserschwerungsgesetz was passed. He said that while he supports the fight against child pornography, the means are unacceptable. In late August 2009, Herbert Rusche, one of the founding members of the German Green Party and, in the 1980s, the first openly homosexual member of parliament in Germany, joined the Pirate Party.

Election results

2009 German Federal election
On 27 September 2009, the PIRATEN received 2.0% (845,904 votes) in the 2009 German federal election. This result means that the party failed to secure any seat in the Bundestag, however this was also the best result among the parties who did not achieve the required 5% threshold. Among the first-time male voters the party received 13%.

The election results in 2009 means the party still qualifies for some government funding of campaign finance.

2009 European Parliament election

It received 229,117 votes in the 2009 European Parliament election, which was 0.9%, but not enough (at least 5%) for a seat. The number of party members has increased since then. As of March 2010, the party had over 12,000 members.

German State and Regional elections
On 30 August 2009, the PIRATEN received 1.9% in the 2009 Saxony state election. On the same day, the party also received one seat in each council in the local elections of Münster and Aachen, although candidates of the party ran for office only in some constituencies of both cities.

Support for The PIRATEN differs between States. The party received 1.8% in the 2009 Schleswig-Holstein state election and 1,5% in the 2010 North Rhine-Westphalia state election (though without securing seats), but only 0.5% in the 2009 Hesse state election and did not participate in the 2009 Brandenburg and Saarland state elections

References

Other websites

 Piratenpartei Deutschland
 Junge Piraten - Youth organisation

2006 establishments in Europe
Political parties in Germany
2000s establishments in Germany
Opossum

Opossums are the largest order of marsupials  in the Western Hemisphere, the Didelphimorphia. 

They are often called possums, though that term is more properly applied to Australian fauna of the suborder Phalangeriformes. 

The Virginia opossum was the first animal to be called an opossum: the word comes from the Algonquian language, and means "white beast." It was one of the few South American marsupials to establish itself permanently in North America after the Great American Interchange, and the only one to survive there today.

Opossums can help slow the spread of Lyme disease and Rocky Mountain spotted fever because they eat deer ticks and other ticks that carry the germs for these diseases.  One opossum can eat 5000 ticks each year.  They also eat garden pests, for example slugs, and animals that can carry disease, for example mice and rats.

Marsupials like opossums are born before their jaw bones have grown enough for them to drink their mothers' milk the way other baby mammals do.  Scientists from King's College London found that opossums and other marsupials use tissue from their inner ear to make a temporary jaw so they can feed and grow.

References

Marsupials