cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Curtis Gans

Curtis Bernard Gans (June 17, 1937 – March 15, 2015) was an American activist, writer, and expert on American voting patterns. He was born in Brooklyn, New York.

Gans served as a consultant to the Woodrow Wilson Center for International Scholars, the National Committee for an Effective Congress, and managed a number of political campaigns. Gans died in Frederick, Maryland from lung cancer, aged 77.

References

1937 births
2015 deaths
Deaths from lung cancer
American activists
Writers from New York City
Frederick, Maryland

Frederick is a city in the U.S. state of Maryland. It is the county seat of Frederick County. As of 2010, the population of the city was 66,382. 

Cities in Maryland
County seats in Maryland
Los Alamitos, California

Los Alamitos, California is a small city in Orange County, California. It became a city in March 1960. It had a population of 11,449 as of 2010.

Cities in California
Settlements in Orange County, California
1960 establishments in California
Gorgoderidae

The Gorgoderidae are a family of Flatworms  (Platyhelminthes). They belong to the ordo Plagiorchiida. The species are parasites of fish, amphibians and reptiles. They have distome, which means they got two suckers, one at the mouth (oral) and one at the waist (ventral).

Systematics 
There are five genera:
 Gorgorodera
 Gorgoderina
 Phyllodistomum
 Probolitrema
 Staphylorchis

References 

Flatworms
Parasites
Shawn Ashmore

Shawn Robert Ashmore (born October 7, 1979) is a Canadian movie and television actor. He is best known for his roles as Jake Berenson in the television series Animorphs, Agent Mike Weston in the television drama series The Following, and Bobby Drake / Iceman in the X-Men movie series. He is the identical twin brother of actor Aaron Ashmore.

Filmography

Movies

Television

Video games

References

Other websites

 

1979 births
Living people
Canadian movie actors
Canadian television actors
Actors from British Columbia
List of The Walking Dead episodes

The Walking Dead is an American television series based on the comic book of the same name by Robert Kirkman, Tony Moore and Charlie Adlard, and developed for television by Frank Darabont. It premiered on the cable network AMC on October 31, 2010. The series focuses on Rick Grimes, a sheriff's deputy who slips into a coma after being shot. He awakens to find himself in a dangerous new world that has been overrun by "walkers". He joins a group of survivors (including his wife and son) as they try to survive in a world among the undead.

As of October 5, 2018, 115 episodes of The Walking Dead had aired. The series was to enter its ninth season on October 7, 2018. It has been renewed for a tenth season.

Series overview 
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;"
|+Series overview
|-
! scope="col" style="padding: 0 8px;" colspan="2" rowspan="2"| Season
! scope="col" style="padding: 0 8px;" rowspan="2"| Episodes
! scope="col" colspan="2"| Originally aired
|-
! scope="col" style="padding: 0 8px;"| First aired
! scope="col" | Last aired
|-
| scope="row" style="background: #608341;"|
| [[List of The Walking Dead episodes#Season 1 (2010)|1]]
| 6
| style="padding: 0 8px;"| 
| style="padding: 0 8px;"| 
|-
| scope="row" style="background: #DAA520;"|
| [[List of The Walking Dead episodes#Season 2 (2011–12)|2]]
| 13
| 
| 
|-
| scope="row" style="background: #f54b13;"|
| [[List of The Walking Dead episodes#Season 3 (2012–13)|3]]
| 16
| 
| 
|-
| scope="row" style="background: #4a6c61;"|
| [[List of The Walking Dead episodes#Season 4 (2013–14)|4]]
| 16
| 
| 
|-
| scope="row" style="background: #62202c;"|
| [[List of The Walking Dead episodes#Season 5 (2014–15)|5]]
| 16
| 
| 
|}

Episodes

Season 1 (2010)

Season 2 (2011-12)

Season 3 (2012-13)

Season 4 (2013-14)

Season 5 (2014–15)

References 

Lists of television series episodes
Andrew Lincoln

Andrew James Clutterbuck (born 14 September 1973), better known by his stage name Andrew Lincoln, is an English actor. He is best known for his portrayal of Rick Grimes in the AMC drama series The Walking Dead. He first came to public attention as Egg in the BBC drama This Life, followed by roles such as Simon in the Channel 4 sitcom Teachers and Mark in the romantic comedy movie Love Actually.

Early life 
Lincoln was born in London. He is the son of a civil engineer father and a nurse mother. His family moved to Kingston upon Hull when he was 18 months old. Then they moved to Bath, Somerset when he was eight or nine. He attended Beechen Cliff School. He had his first acting role at the age of 14 as the Artful Dodger in a school production of Oliver!. He spent a summer at the National Youth Theatre in London. He became interested in acting as a career. After leaving school, he studied at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Arts (RADA). He began to use "Andrew Lincoln" as his stage name.

Filmography

Film

Television

Stage

References

Other websites 

1973 births
Living people
Actors from London
Actors from Somerset
English movie actors
English television actors 
People from Bath, Somerset
People from Kingston upon Hull
List of Austin & Ally episodes

The following is a list of episodes of the Disney Channel original series, Austin & Ally. Created by Kevin Kopelow and Heath Seifert, the show follows the partnership between polar opposites — Austin, an extroverted musician/singer, and Ally, an intelligent yet shy songwriter and their two best friends, Trish and Dez. Austin is played by Ross Lynch, Ally is played by Laura Marano, Trish is played by Raini Rodriguez, and Dez is played by Calum Worthy. The four of them eventually become best friends and the series is based on their friendship, team work and talents, as they encounter many difficulties along the way to success.

Series overview
{|class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;"
|-
!scope="col" style="padding:0 8px;" rowspan="2" colspan="2"|Season
!scope="col" style="padding:0 8px;" rowspan="2"|Episodes
!scope="col" style="padding:0 80px;" colspan="2"|Originally aired (U.S. dates)
|-
!scope="col"|First aired
!scope="col"|Last aired
|-
|scope="row" style="background:#f6d555; color:#99;"|
|[[List of Austin & Ally episodes#Season 1 (2011–12)|1]]
|19
| (preview) (premiere)
|
|-
|scope="row" style="background:#ff242f; color:#99;"|
|[[List of Austin & Ally episodes#Season 2 (2012–13)|2]]
|26
|
|
|-
|scope="row" style="background:#141414; color:#99;"|
|[[List of Austin & Ally episodes#Season 3 (2013–14)|3]]
|22
|
|
|-
|scope="row" style="background:#32f; color:#99;"|

|[[List of Austin & Ally episodes#Season 4 (2015)|4]]
|20
|
|
|-
|}

Episode list

Season 1 (2011–12)

Season 2 (2012–13)
On March 11, 2012, the series was renewed for a second season with production resuming that summer. Production began on June 4, 2012 and ended in February 2013.

Season 3 (2013–14)
The series was planned to be renewed for a third season on March 12, 2013 at the Disney upfront. It was officially confirmed on April 2, 2013. Production started on July 8, 2013 and ended on January 24, 2014.

Season 4 (2015-16)
On April 25, 2014, the series was renewed for a fourth season. Production began on October 13, 2014 for a January 18, 2015 premiere. On February 6, 2015, Laura Marano stated that Season 4 will be the last season of the show.

References 

Lists of television series episodes
Yo no creo en los hombres

Yo no creo en los hombres (English: I don't believe in men) is a Mexican telenovela produced by Giselle González for Televisa. It is based on Yo no creo en los hombres (1991), produced in México.

Alejandro Camacho, Adriana Louvier and Gabriel Soto star in the series. Flavio Medina, Azela Robinson and Rosa María Bianchi also star.

Cast

References

Other website 

Telenovelas
2010s television series
2014 Mexican television series debuts
2015 Mexican television series endings
Muchacha italiana viene a casarse

Muchacha italiana viene a casarse, is a Mexican telenovela. It is produced and directed by Pedro Damián for Televisa. It is a remake of the 1971 Mexican telenovela Muchacha italiana viene a casarse.

Livia Brito and José Ron star as the protagonists of the telenovela. Nailea Norvind and Mike Biaggio star as antagonists.

Cast

Mexico broadcast

References

Other website 

Telenovelas by Televisa
2014 Mexican television series debuts
I'm Your Baby Tonight (song)

"I'm Your Baby Tonight" was the lead single and title track from Whitney Houston's album of the same name. The song became a major hit for Houston. It reached the Top 10 in many countries. It hit #1 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100.

After her death in 2012, the song was ranked at number 18 by Entertainment Weekly.

References

1990 songs
Pop songs
R&B songs
Whitney Houston songs
Tierra de reyes

Tierra de reyes is an American telenovela. It is produced by Telemundo.

Cast 
 Aarón Díaz as Arturo "Rey" Gallardo
Ana Lorena Sánchez as Sofía del Junco
 Kimberly Dos Ramos as Irina del Junco
Gonzalo García Vivanco as Flavio "Rey" Gallardo
Scarlet Gruber as Andrea del Junco
Christian de la Campa as Samuel "Rey" Gallardo
Sonya Smith as Cayetana Belmonte del Junco
Fabián Ríos as Leonardo Montalvo
Daniela Navarro as Patricia Rubio

References

Other websites 
 

2014 American television series debuts
Telenovelas
American television series
Logogram

A logogram or logograph is a grapheme (or symbol) which represents a word or morpheme in a language. This is contrasted with a phonogram, which is a symbol that represents a sound.

Related pages 
 Ideogram
 Logo

Writing
Christ Illusion

Christ Illusion is the ninth studio album by American thrash metal band, Slayer. Christ Illusion was released on August 4, 2006 through American Recordings. It is Slayer's first album to feature original drummer Dave Lombardo since the release of Seasons in the Abyss on October 9, 1990.

The album peaked at #5 on the Billboard 200, #2 on the Top Rock Albums, and at #1 on the Top Tastemaker Albums charts. In 2007, the song "Eyes of the Insane" won a Grammy Award in the category of Best Metal Performance. The next year, the song "Final Six" won a Grammy Award in the same category.

The album art featured a mutilated Jesus painted by Larry Carroll which caused controversy. Lyrics from the album also caused controversy. The lyrics for the song "Jihad" describe the September 11 attacks from a terrorist perspective. An Indian Christian group based in Mumbai were angry and demanded that the albums be recalled. All of the Indian stocks of the album were recalled and destroyed by EMI India.

Songs

References

Other websites

2006 albums
Slayer albums
Ice-cream headache

An ice-cream headache, also known as brain freeze or cold-stimulus headache is a form of brief head pain or headache. The scientific name is sphenopalatine ganglioneuralgia. It is often due to quickly eating cold beverages or foods such as ice cream and ice pops. It is caused by having something cold touch the palate of the mouth. It is believed to result from a nerve response or a "referring" of pain from the roof of the mouth to the head. The rate of intake for cold foods has been studied as a contributing factor.

References 

Head (body part)
World Painted Blood

World Painted Blood is the tenth studio album by American thrash metal band, Slayer. World Painted Blood was released on November 3, 2009 through American Recordings and Sony Music Entertainment. It is Slayer's last album to feature drummer Dave Lombardo who was fired and guitarist Jeff Hanneman who died of liver failure, both in 2013.

The album peaked at #12 on the Billboard 200, #18 on the Digital Albums, #2 on the Top Hard Rock Albums, #4 on the Top Rock Albums, and at #1 on the Top Tastemaker Albums charts. In 2010, the song "Hate Worldwide" was nominated for a Grammy Award in the category of Best Metal Performance. The next year, the song "World Painted Blood" was nominated for a Grammy Award in the same category.

Songs

References

Other websites

2009 albums
Slayer albums
Bartonella

Bartonella is a genus of bacteria. It is the only one in the family Bartonellaceae. The species can be  parasitic and cause diseases in animals and humans. They live mostly in the cells of the host, as intracellular parasites.

Bartonella species are pathogens.<ref name=Baron>{{cite book | author = Walker DH | title = Rickettsiae. In: Barron's Medical Microbiology (Barron S et al., eds.)| edition = 4th | publisher = Univ of Texas Medical Branch | year = 1996 | url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?rid=mmed.section.2138| isbn = 0-9631172-1-1 }}</ref> Bartonella species are transmitted by vectors such as ticks, fleas, sand flies, and mosquitoes. At least eight Bartonella species or subspecies are known to infect humans.Bartonella'' is named after Alberto Leonardo Barton (1870–1950), a medical  microbiologist.

References 

Gram-negative bacteria
Nitrosomonadaceae

The Nitrosomonadaceae are a family of bacteria. They oxidize ammonia (NH3) to nitrate (NO3−). They are lithoautotrophic meaning they do not need organic substance to live.

Systematics 
There are two genera:<ref>J.P. Euzéby: List of Prokaryotic Names with Standing in Nomenclature - [http://www.bacterio.net/-classifgenerafamilies.html#Nitrosomonadaceae Family Nitrosomonadaceae]</ref>
 Nitrosomonas Nitrosospira''

References

Gram-negative bacteria
Planomicrobium

Planomicrobium is a bacterium. The cells are coccoid or rod shaped. They can move with  one or two flagella. They are aerobic, they need oxygen.

Systematics 
There are ten species:
 Planomicrobium alkanoclasticum
 Planomicrobium chinense
 Planomicrobium flavidum 
 Planomicrobium glaciei 
 Planomicrobium koreense
 Planomicrobium mcmeekinii
 Planomicrobium okeanokoites
 Planomicrobium psychrophilum
 Planomicrobium soli
 Planomicrobium stackebrandtii

References 

Gram-positive bacteria
Sabrina Carpenter

Sabrina Ann Lynn Carpenter (born May 11, 1999) is an American singer, songwriter and actress, who stars as rebellious Maya Hart, the best friend of Riley Matthews (portrayed by Rowan Blanchard) in the Disney Channel series Girl Meets World which debuted on June 27, 2014. She is signed to Hollywood Records.

Discography

Studio albums

Extended plays

Singles

As lead artist

As featured artist

Promotional singles

Other appearances

Music videos

Tours
Headlining
 Evolution Tour (2016–2017)
 The De-Tour (2017)

Opening act
 Ariana Grande – Dangerous Woman Tour (2017)
 The Vamps – UK Arena Tour (2017)

Filmography

Notes

References

Other websites

 
 

1999 births
Living people
Actors from Pennsylvania
American YouTubers
American child actors
American child singers
American movie actors
American models
American pop singers
American television actors
American voice actors
Disney people
Musical theater actors
Musicians from Pennsylvania
Singers from Pennsylvania
Shane Harper

Shane Steven Harper (born February 14, 1993) is an American actor, singer-songwriter, and dancer. He is known for playing Spencer on Good Luck Charlie as well as Josh Wheaton in the independent Christian movie God's Not Dead. His self-titled debut album was released on February 14, 2012.

Filmography

Discography

Studio albums

Extended plays

Singles

Promotional singles

Music videos

Awards and nominations

Concert tours
Headlining
Shane Harper Tour (2012–13)

Opening act
 Dancing Crazy Tour (2011)
 Summer Tour (2013)

References

Other website
 
 
 
 

American television actors
Living people
1993 births
Photios I of Constantinople

Photios I was born c. 810 or 820 in Constantinople and died 891 in Bordi (Armenia). He was the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople from 858 to 867 and from 877 to 886. In the  Eastern Orthodox churches he is called St. Photios the Great. Photios a powerful and influential Patriarch of Constantinople. As a scholar, Photios possessed a tremendous knowledge of Greek literature. He was a leading intellectual of his time, "the leading light of the ninth-century renaissance". He was a central figure in both the religious conversion of the Slavs to Christianity and the Photian schism.

References 

9th-century births
Patriarchs
891 deaths
Filibacter limicola

Filibacter limicola is a bacterium. Filibacter limicola is the only species of the genus Filibacter. It is gram-positive. The species is aerob: It needs oxygen. It is filamentous and composed of more than one cells. The cells are curved or straight. It is a gliding bacterium.

References

Other websites 
 List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN)

Gram-positive bacteria
Planomicrobium chinense

Planomicrobium chinense is a species of bacteria. It was first found by Xin Dai. It is gram-positive. The cells are short rods or coccoid. They can move by using polar flagella. Planomicrobium chinense doesn't form spores.

References

Other websites
LPSN

Gram-positive bacteria
Norman Scribner

Norman Orville Scribner (February 25, 1936 – March 22, 2015) was an American conductor, composer, pianist, and organist.  He was most widely known as the founder of The Choral Arts Society of Washington, and as its artistic director for over 45 years. He was born in Washington, D. C..

Scribner died in Washington, D. C. on March 22, 2015 at the age of 79.

References

1936 births
2015 deaths
American conductors
American composers
American pianists
Musicians from Washington, D.C.
Yehuda Avner

Yehuda Avner (;  December 30, 1928 – March 24, 2015) was an Israeli prime ministerial advisor, diplomat, and writer. He served as advisor to Israeli Prime Ministers Menachem Begin, Yitzhak Rabin and Shimon Peres. He served as speechwriter to Israeli Prime Ministers Golda Meir and Levi Eshkol. Avner was the Israeli Ambassador to Australia, United Kingdom, and the United States

Avner was born in Manchester, England to Israeli Jewish parents. He died of cancer in Jerusalem, Israel, aged 86.

Other websites
www.tobypress.com  The Toby Press website
theprimeministers-thefilm.com The Prime Ministers documentary website
www.jpost.com The Jerusalem Post interview
www.bloomberg.com Bloomberg News article
www.tabletmag.com  Tablet interview
www.thejewishweek.com The Jewish Week interview

1928 births
2015 deaths
British Jews
Cancer deaths in Israel
Ambassadors of Israel
Jewish Israeli writers
Naturalized citizens of Israel
People from Manchester
Mark Dean (computer scientist)

Mark E. Dean (born March 2, 1957) is an American inventor and a computer engineer.

Early life
Dean went to Jefferson City High School. He liked to build things. He once built a tractor from scratch with the help of his father. He graduated from the University of Tennessee in 1979. He got straight A's. Dean received a master's degree in electrical engineering from Florida Atlantic university in 1982. Dean received a doctorate from Stanford University in 1992.

Public life
Dean's first job was at IBM as an engineer.  He invented three important technology's at IBM, including the color PC monitor and the first gigahertz chip. A gigahertz chip is a revolutionary piece of technology that is able to do a billion calculations per second. Dean holds 3 of IBM's patents. Dean became the black engineer of the year in 1987.

References

American inventors
Benjamin Banneker

Benjamin Banneker (November 9, 1731 – October 9, 1806) was a free African American almanac author, surveyor, naturalist and farmer.

Early life 

Benjamin Banneker was born on November 9, 1731 in Baltimore County, Maryland. His parents are Mary Banneky, a free black, and Robert, a freed slave from Guinea.

References

1731 births
1806 deaths
Writers from Maryland
Scientists from Maryland
Sporosarcina ureae

Sporosarcina ureae is a species of bacteria. It is the type species of its genus and is closely related to Bacillus species. It lives in the soil. It is able to break down urea. Therefore, the name (Latin: urea). The cells are coccoid. It has some flagella. Sporosarcina ureae is heterotrophic. It is aerobic, it needs oxygen.

Ecology 
Sporosarcina ureae is one of the bacteria which can make use of urea, it has the enzyme urease. It is often found  in soils where are large amounts of urine like meadows where cows are kept. It is also found in manure.

References 

Gram-positive bacteria
Jackie Joyner-Kersee

Jacqueline "Jackie" Joyner-Kersee (born March 3, 1962) is a retired American athlete. She is one of the greatest athletes in the women's heptathlon as well as in the women's long jump. Joyner-Kersee represented the United States at four Olympic games (1984-96). She won a total of three gold, one silver, and two bronze Olympic medals. Joyner-Kersee was voted "the greatest female athlete of the 20th century" by Sports Illustrated magazine.</ref>

References 

1962 births
Living people
African-American track and field athletes
American Olympic bronze medalists
American Olympic gold medalists
American Olympic silver medalists
Medalists at the 1984 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 1988 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 1992 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Planomicrobium alkanoclasticum

Planomicrobium chinense is a species of bacteria.
It is gram-positive. The cells are shaped like rods. Planomicrobium alkanoclasticum doesn't form spores.

References

Other websites
Euzéby: List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN)

Gram-positive bacteria
Cryptic Writings

Cryptic Writings is the seventh studio album by American thrash metal band, Megadeth. Cryptic Writings was released on June 17, 1997 through Capitol Records. It is Megadeth's last album to feature drummer Nick Menza.

The album peaked at #10 on the Billboard 200 and at #17 on the Canadian Albums Chart. In 1998, the song "Trust" was nominated for a Grammy Award in the category of Best Metal Performance.

Songs

References

Other websites

1997 albums
Megadeth albums
Daniel Hale Williams

Daniel Hale Williams (January 18, 1856 – August 4, 1931) was an African-American general surgeon. In 1893 he was the second surgeon to successfully repair a heart wound.

Early life 
Daniel Hale Williams III was born on January 18, 1856, in Hollidaysburg, Pennsylvania, to Sarah Price Williams and Daniel Hale Williams II, who was a barber. The couple had several children. Williams III started as a shoemaker apprentice. Later he worked with the Equal Rights League, which was a black civil rights organization active during the Reconstruction era. He went to Chicago Medical college.

Public life
In 1891, Williams opened Provident Hospital and Training School for Nurses. It was the first hospital with an interracial staff. In 1893, Williams was the second surgeon to perform open-heart surgery in the United States.  The following year, he became chief surgeon at Freedmen's Hospital.

References

1856 births
1931 deaths
Surgeons
American physicians
People from Pennsylvania
John Lee Love

John Lee Love was an African-American inventor who patented a portable pencil sharpener.

Born:  1889

Died: December 26, 1931

Public life
Love's original occupation was a carpenter. His first invention was an improvement to plasterer's hawk. His design for the plasterer's hawk included a detachable handle and a folding aluminum board, making it portable and lightweight. Love later invented and patented a portable pencil sharpener called the Love Sharpener. In the patent application, it says the Love Sharpener could double as a paperweight or ornament. The Love Sharpener used the pencil itself as a hand crank and a place to collect pencil shavings attached to the standard blade housing.

Death 
He died in a car and train collision in North Carolina

References

American inventors
African-American people
1889 births
1931 deaths
Frederick McKinley Jones

Frederick McKinley Jones was an African-American inventor who is known for the development of refrigeration equipment used during World War II.

Early life
Jones was born in Cincinnati, Ohio on May 17, 1893. When he was 9 years old, both of his parents died. After his parent's death, he went to live with a priest in Kentucky. He stayed there for two years. At the age of 11, Jones returned to Cincinnati. There he found a small job working as a janitor. He served in World War I. Jones had talent for and interest in mechanical work. He read extensively on the subject. In addition to his daily work, he educated himself in his spare time. When the town decided to fund a new radio station, Jones built the transmitter needed to broadcast its programming.

Public life 
Jones designed a portable air cooling unit for trucks carrying food. He started a company called Thermo Control Company in the 1930's. He received more than 60 patents.

Death 
Unfortunately, Jones died of lung cancer in Minneapolis, Minnesota on February 21,1961. However, he won a National Medal of Technology after he died. Not to mention that he was inducted into the Minnesota a Inventors Hall of Fame in 1977.

References
James Edward Maceo West

James Edward Maceo West is an African-American inventor and professor who developed a microphone component that is used in ninety percent of the microphones used today.

Early life
West was born on February 10, 1931. From an early age, West liked to take things apart. After an accident with a radio he had tinkered with, he became very interested in the concept of electricity. West attended Temple University.

Public life
In 1960, West teamed up with a fellow scientist Gerard M. Sessler. They developed an inexpensive, compact microphone. It relied on their invention of electric transducers and became the industry standard.

West was appointed president-elect of the Acoustical Society of America in 1997. He joined the National Academy of Engineering in 1998. West retired in 2001

References
Edward Bouchet

Edward Alexander Bouchet became the first African American to earn a doctoral degree.

Early life
Bouchet was born in New Haven, Connecticut in 1852. He graduated from Hopkins School.  Bouchet earned his bachelor degree from Yale University in 1874. At the time, there were few opportunities for African Americans seeking higher education.

Public life
Bouchet is best known for becoming the first African American to earn a doctoral degree in the United States in 1876.  After getting his Ph.D. bouchet could not land a college professorship due to his race. With this accomplishment, Bouchet joined a selected group of academics.  He taught at the school for Colored Youth in Philadelphia for more than 25 years.

Death 
Bouchet died in 1918. In 1998 Yale University honored Edward Bouchet by establishing the Edward Alexander Bouchet  Graduate Honor Society in his name, including the Bouchet Leadership Award to academics who helped advance diversity in higher education.

References

1852 births
1918 deaths
African-American people
Yale University alumni
American academics
Educators from New Haven, Connecticut
Scientists from New Haven, Connecticut
Jerry Lawson (engineer)

| caption     =
| birth_date  = 
| birth_place = Brooklyn, New York
| death_date  = 
| death_place = Mountain View, California
| occupation  = Computer engineer
| alma_mater  = Queens College 
| salary      =
| networth    =
| spouse      = 
| children    = 2
| website     =
}}

Gerald Anderson "Jerry" Lawson (December 1, 1940 – April 9, 2011) was an American electronic engineer. He was known for his work in designing the Fairchild Channel F video game console.

Early life
Lawson was born on December 1, 1940. His father was a longshoreman. His mother worked for New York City and as a member of a PTA. He had one brother, Michael. To earn money, Lawson dabbled in electronics. He repaired televisions. Lawson attended Queen College, which is part of City University of New York.

Public life
Lawson was a member of the Silicon Valley Homebrew Computer Club in the 1970s. He met many of the pioneers of personal computing, like Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak, the founders of Apple Computer. In 1976. Lawson was the director of engineering and marketing at Fairchild Semiconductor. At that time, he developed a video game console called Fairchild Channel F.

Death 
Lawson died from complications of diabetes. He was 70 when he died.

Source

1940 births
2011 deaths
Engineers from New York
Lewis Howard Latimer

Lewis Howard Latimer (September 4, 1848 – December 11, 1928) was an African-American inventor and draftsman.

Early life
Latimer's family were slaves when a local minister led them to freedom. When he was 16 Latimer lied about his age to join the U.S Navy.

Public life
Latimer started working at Crosby and Gould, a patent law firm. He learned to draw diagrams. While at the law firm, Latimer invented an improved railroad car bathroom and an early air conditioning unit. Later, Latimer helped Alexander Graham Bell by drawing diagrams for his patent for the first telephone. Latimer also helped Thomas Edison with his patent for the light bulb, and invented a better way to make carbon filaments for light bulbs.

Death 
Latimer died on December 11, 1928 in Flushing Queens, New York at the age 80.

References
Elijah McCoy

Elijah J. McCoy (May 2, 1844 - October 10, 1929) was an African American inventor who is best known for inventing lubrication devices to make trains run better.

He was born in Colchester, Ontario and died in Detroit, Michigan. He was born may 2, 1844.Engineer, inventor, initially employed as a railroad fireman and oiler and fudger.

References

1844 births
1929 deaths
African-American people
Engineers from Michigan
American inventors
Canadian inventors
Firefighters
People from Ontario
Octavia E. Butler

Octavia E. Butler was an American science fiction writer. She won many awards. She won the Hugo and Nebula awards more than once. She won the MacArthur Fellowship in 1995.

Early life
Butler was born in Pasadena, California on June 22, 1947. She lost her father at a young age. Butler was raised by her mother, who worked as a maid. Butler started creating her own stories early on. Butler was dyslexic but she didn't let it challenge her from developing a love of books. She decided to make writing her life's work at the age of ten. As a child Butler was known for her shyness and her impressive height. She attended many colleges. She earned her associates degree at Pasadena City College. She also went to California State University, and University of California at Los Angeles.

Public life
Butler studied fiction with Harlan Ellison and became an author of books for both children and adults. She was a very good science fiction writer. Important books she wrote were Pattermaster and Mind of My Mind. She won the 1984 Best Short Story for "Speech of Sounds," and she won the Nebula Award. Octavia was known for African American Spiritrualism.

Death 
Butler died at her home of a stroke in Seattle, Washington on February 24, 2006.

References

1947 births
2006 deaths
Writers from Pasadena, California
Deaths from stroke
American science fiction writers
Granville Woods

Granville Tailer Woods  (Columbus, Ohio, April 23, 1856 – January 30, 1910)  was an African-American inventor who was awarded more than 50 patents. One of his best know inventions was the Multiplex Telegraph, a device that sent messages between train stations and moving trains.

Granville Woods worked for Springfield, Jackson and Pomeroy Railroad Company in 1878.

Woods' first patent was for an improved steam boiler furnace. He later developed the telephone transmitter. Woods developed what would become trolley's. Woods registered nearly 60 patents in his lifetime.

Woods died in 1910 from a cerebral hemorrhage.

References
The World Needs a Hero

The World Needs a Hero is the ninth studio album by American thrash metal band, Megadeth. The World Needs a Hero was released on May 12, 2001 through Sanctuary Records. It is Megadeth's last album to feature original bassist David Ellefson until he returned in 2010. It is also the only Megadeth album to feature Al Pitrelli on lead guitar and the last of two studio albums to feature drummer Jimmy DeGrasso.

The album peaked at #16 on the Billboard 200 and at #20 on the Canadian Albums Chart.

Songs

References

Other websites

2001 albums
Megadeth albums
Benvenuto Cellini

Benvenuto Cellini (; 3 November 1500 – 13 February 1571) was an Italian goldsmith, sculptor, draftsman, soldier and musician, who also wrote a famous autobiography. He was one of the most important artists of Mannerism.

He was born in Florence, and died there.

References

1500 births
1571 deaths
Italian artists
People from Florence
Sonoran Desert

The Sonoran Desert is a North American desert. It covers large parts of the Southwestern United States in Arizona and California. It also covers parts of Northwestern Mexico. This includes Sonora, Baja California and Baja California Sur. It is the hottest desert in North America. The Sonoran Desert has an area of . The western portion of the United States–Mexico border goes through the Sonoran Desert. It is the hottest desert in North America. It is known for its giant Saguaro cactuses.

References 

Deserts
Geography of Arizona
Häagen-Dazs

Häagen-Dazs is a brand of ice cream shops and ice cream franchises. They specialize in ice cream cones, ice cream cups, and ice cream shakes. They have franchises in the United States and many other countries around the world. Häagen-Dazs was created in 1961 by Reuben and Rose Mattus in The Bronx, New York. They opened their first store on November 15, 1976 in Brooklyn.

The "Häagen-Dazs" name was invented by Mattus since it was "Danish-sounding". He used it as a tribute to Denmark's good treatment of Jews during World War II. An outline of Denmark was also used on their early labels. The name is not Danish.

In 1983, Häagen-Dazs was bought by Pillsbury. Pillsbury was then bought by General Mills in 2001.

References

Other websites
Official website

1961 establishments in New York (state)
American food companies
Companies based in California
Oakland, California
The Bronx
I'm Alive

I'm Alive is the tenth studio album by Jackson Browne. The album was released on October 11, 1993. It did not have any major hits but the album managed a gold record.

References 

1993 albums
Fistula

The word fistula comes from a Latin word that means tube or pipe. In medicine, a fistula is an abnormal connection between two hollow spaces. This can be blood vessels, intestines, or other hollow organs. Fistulas are usually caused by injury or surgery. But they can also result from an infection or inflammation. Fistulas are generally a disease condition, but doctors may create fistulas by surgery for medical reasons.

Treatment 

Treatment for fistula depends on the reason for the fistula and on how serious it is.  Doctors often treat fistula with surgery and antibiotics. The first step in treating a fistula is usually an examination by a doctor.  The doctor determines the size and "path" that the fistula takes in the body.

Types of fistula 

Rectovaginal fistula between the rectum and vagina.
Obstetric fistula between either the rectum and vagina or the rectum and bladder after severe or failed childbirth, when adequate medical care is not available.
Vesicovaginal fistula - a type of urogenital fistula (between the vagina and bladder)

References 

Symptoms
Nissan Titan

The Nissan Titan is a mid-size pickup truck that is built by Nissan. The Nissan Titan is in its second generation. The Titan started being created on September 21, 2003. It was designed by Diane Allen. The Titan was nominated for the North American Truck of the Year award in 1981.

References

Other websites

Nissan Titan on Nissan.com
Nissan Titan on Nissan.ca

Nissan automobiles
Pickup trucks
2000s automobiles
2010s automobiles
Raphe nuclei

The Raphe nuclei (singular = Raphe nucleus) are a cluster of nuclei in the hindbrain which release a neurotransmitter called serotonin (5-HT). The serotonin molecules get sent all over the brain, where they're needed for all sorts of roles. 'Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor' (SSRI) antidepressants are believed to act in these nuclei, as well as at their targets. Many opioids (drugs that calm people down) can act on the Raphe nuclei to secrete too much 5-HT.

References 

Anatomy of the brain
Tha Dogg Pound

Tha Dogg Pound is an American gangsta rap duo. The group was founded in 1992. They were originally signed to the record label Death Row. They made their first appearance on the Dr. Dre album The Chronic. They were also on Snoop Dogg's album Doggystyle.

Their first album, Dogg Food came out in 1995.

During 1993–94, the group assisted MC Hammer on his The Funky Headhunter album along with Suge Knight.

References

Rap music groups
1992 establishments in the United States
Hennessy

Jas Hennessy & Co. is a company that makes cognac. Its headquarters are in Cognac, France. The company sells more than 50 million bottles a year worldwide. It is the world's largest Cognac maker. It is owned by Moët Hennessy, which is co-owned by LVMH (66%) and Diageo (34%).

History 
Hennessy was established in 1765 by Irishman Richard Hennessy. His son James created the brand Hennessy and named the company Jas Hennessy & Co. He greatly expanded his father's business. While an Irishman, he served in the French Navy. He set up the distillery on the Charent River in Cognac.

The company has been run by eight generations of Hennessys. Their master distillers have been seven generations of the Fillioux family. In 1971 in a merger with champagne  maker Moet et Chandon, Kilian Hennessy changed the company name to Moet Hennessy.

International sales 
In 1795 they sold theory cognac in North America. In 1840 Hennessy set up an agency in London for their products. In 1868 they exported to Japan followed by China in 1872. In 1992 Hennessy celebrated their 200th anniversary. They chartered a sailing ship and named it the “Spirit of Hennessy”.
In 2009 Hennessy produced a limited edition of Hennessy VS in honor of US President Barack Obama. In gold lettering the bottles are marked “In Honour of the 44th President”. Currently their biggest market is China.

References

Other websites 
 Hennessy
 About Hennessy Cognac

Drink companies
Companies of France
1765 establishments
18th-century establishments in Europe
Perpetuum mobile

Perpetuum mobile means, two different things in music. One is a kind of piece of music, which is usually played in a fast tempo, and which consists of many short notes. The other is a piece of music that is played over and over.

Composers who used this name include Niccolò Paganini, Carl Maria von Weber and Felix Mendelssohn.

Classical music
Flags of Africa

These are the various flags of Africa.

Supernational and international flags

African Great Lakes

Central Africa

Horn of Africa

Indian Ocean islands

North Africa

Southern Africa

West Africa

Former states

Bantustans (quasi-states recognized primarily by apartheid South Africa)

Lists of flags
Flags
Flags of South America

This is a gallery of flags of South American countries and affiliated international organizations.

International

Countries

Territories

Related pages
Flags of North America

South America
South America
Sexting

Sexting is the act of sending sexually suggestive electronic messages, mainly between mobile phones. The term became popular during the early 21st century. The term is a portmanteau of sex and texting.

The term was first used in print in 2005 in Australia. A naked picture that you make of yourself is sometimes called a nelfie, a mix of the words naked and selfie.

If adults exchange such pictures, this is not a problem. The problem starts when children do this: The image of a teenager or child with little clothes may be child pornography. Many countries have laws against child pornography. This usually includes penalties for owning or spreading such images.

References

Communication
Human sexuality
Philadelphia Orchestra

The Philadelphia Orchestra is an American orchestra. It is based in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It does over 130 subscription concerts a year from September to May. In the summer the Orchestra performs an outdoor session for a month. It originally gave concerts at the Academy of Music. The orchestra was founded in 1900. It has performed at the Kimmel Center for the Performing Arts since 2001.

References

American orchestras
Music in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

1900 establishments in the United States
Antoine Valois-Fortier

Antoine Valois-Fortier (born March 13, 1990) is a Canadian athlete.  He is best known as a judoka.

History
He was the winner of the Canadian National Judo Championship in the -81 kg category in 2010.

Valois-Fortier won a bronze medal at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, defeating Travis Stevens of the United States in the men's 81 kg half-middleweight judo. It was the Canada's first medal in Olympic Judo since 2000 when his coach Nicolas Gill won a silver medal at the 2000 Summer Olympics.

References

Other websites
 Antoine Valois-Fortier at the Judoinside.com
Canadian Olympic team profile

1990 births
Canadian Olympic bronze medalists
Judoka
Living people
Sportspeople from Quebec City
Germanwings Flight 9525

Germanwings Flight 9525 (4U9525/GWI9525) was a scheduled international passenger flight flying from Barcelona, Spain to Düsseldorf, Germany, operated by the Lufthansa-owned low-cost airline Germanwings. 

On 24 March 2015, the Airbus A320-200 jetliner crashed around  northwest of Nice, in the French Alps. All 144 passengers and six crew members were killed.

The crash was a murder-suicide planned and acted out by 27-year old co-pilot Andreas Lubitz.

Opera singers Oleg Bryjak and Maria Radner were passengers on the plane.

Notes

References

Other websites

 "Accident to the Airbus A320-211 registered D-AIPX, flight GWI18G, on 24 March 2015" (Archive) - Bureau d'Enquêtes et d'Analyses pour la Sécurité de l'Aviation Civile
 Statement by Germanwings

2015 aviation disasters
2015 in France
2015 murders in Europe
2010s crimes in France
Aviation disasters in Europe
March 2015 events
Mass murder in 2015
Mass murder in France
Massacres in Europe
Murder-suicides in Europe
Suicides in France
Walter Burkert

Walter Burkert (; born 2 February 1931, Neuendettelsau, Bavaria; died 11 March 2015, Zurich) was a German scholar of Greek mythology and cult.

A professor of classics at the University of Zurich, Switzerland, he taught in the UK and the US.  He has influenced generations of students of religion since the 1960s. During his career he taught poets, historians, and philosophers.

Other websites
Walter Burkert, Emeritus Professor for Classical Philology (includes complete bibliography) 

1931 births
2015 deaths
German educators
Writers from Bavaria
Maria Radner

Maria Friderike Radner (7 May 1981 – 24 March 2015) was a German contralto and internationally renowned opera singer. After studying at the Robert Schumann Hochschule in Düsseldorf, she appeared internationally in opera and concert. In January 2013, she played the Schwertleite in Die Walküre at the Teatro Comunale Florence, Italy under Zubin Mehta, and in March the Erda at the Grand Théâtre de Genève, conducted by Ingo Metzmacher. Her debut at the Metropolitan Opera in 2012 in Götterdämmerung was part of the documentation of the production in the film Wagner's Dream.

Radner died on 24 March 2015 along with her husband Sascha Schenk and their infant son Felix, and colleague Oleg Bryjak, in the Germanwings Flight 9525 crash, which occurred near Prads-Haute-Bléone, Alpes-de-Haute-Provence, France. She and Bryjak were returning from performances of Richard Wagner's Siegfried at the Gran Teatre del Liceu in Barcelona.

References

1981 births
2015 deaths
Aviation deaths
German singers
Musicians from North Rhine-Westphalia
German opera singers
People from Düsseldorf
Batman: The Ride

Batman: The Ride is a steel inverted roller coaster found in Six Flags theme parks. It was built by Bolliger & Mabillard. The rides rise to heights of  and reaches top speeds of . The original roller coaster at Six Flags Great America was partially designed by the park's manager Jim Wintrode. Batman: The Ride was the world's first inverted roller coaster when it opened in 1992. It has since been awarded Coaster Landmark status by the American Coaster Enthusiasts. Its theme is based on the first Batman film. Clones of the ride exist at amusement parks around the world.

References 

Six Flags Great Adventure
Steel roller coasters
Buildings and structures in Illinois
Roller coasters in New Jersey
Buildings and structures in California
Buildings and structures in Missouri
Buildings and structures in Georgia (U.S. state)
Roller coasters in Texas
Roller coasters by name
Roller coasters in California
1993 establishments in the United States
1990s establishments in Texas
Moncef Ben Salem

Moncef Ben Salem (; February 1, 1953 – March 24, 2015) was a Tunisian politician and university professor. He served as the Minister of Higher Education and Scientific Research under Prime Minister Hamadi Jebali.

References

1953 births
2015 deaths
Tunisian politicians
Civil servants
Herberto Hélder

Herberto Helder (November 23, 1930 – March 23, 2015) was a Portuguese poet. He was born in Funchal, Madeira. He was thought to be one of the most important Portuguese poets. His poetry is not yet enough studied by academics because he does not like the attention and refused several literary awards.

Published works

Poetry 
 O Amor em visita (Love in visit), Lisbon, 1958
 A Colher na Boca (The spoon in the mouth), Lisbon, 1961
Poemacto (Poemact), Lisbon, 1967
Lugar (Place), Lisbon, 1962
Electronicolirica (Electronicalyrics), Lisbon, 1964
Húmus (Humus), Lisbon, 1967
Retrato em movimento (Portrait in movement), Lisbon, 1967
O bebedor nocturno (The nocturnal drinker), Lisbon, 1968
O ofício cantante (The singing craft), Lisbon, 1968
Cobra (Snake/Cobra), Lisbon, 1977
Photomaton e Vox (Photomaton and Vox), Lisbon, 1979
Poesia Toda (All Poetry), Lisbon, 1981
A Cabeça entre as mãos (The head between the hands), Lisbon, 1982
 As Magias (1987)
 Última Ciência (1988)
 Do Mundo (1994)
 Poesia Toda (1º vol. de 1953 a 1966; 2º vol. de 1963 a 1971) (1973)
 Poesia Toda (1ª ed. em 1981)
 A Faca Não Corta o Fogo – Súmula & Inédita (2008)
 Ofício Cantante (2009)
 Servidões (2013)
 A Morte sem Mestre (2014)

Fiction 
Os passos em volta (The steps around), Lisbon, 1963
Apresentação do rosto (Presentation of the face), Lisbon, 1968

References

Other websites

1930 births
2015 deaths
Portuguese writers
Poets
Abdul Halim of Kedah

Almu'tasimu Billahi Muhibbuddin Tuanku Alhaj Abdul Halim Mu'adzam Shah Ibni Almarhum Sultan Badlishah, GCB KStJ (28 November 1927 – 11 September 2017) was the 14th Yang di-Pertuan Agong (supreme head of state) of Malaysia. He was the 27th Sultan of Kedah. He retired as Yang di-Pertuan Agong in 12 December 2016.

He previously served as the fifth Yang di-Pertuan Agong from 1970 to 1975. He is the first person to hold the position twice, as well as the oldest elected to the office. He is a week older than the world's longest reigning monarch, King Bhumibol Adulyadej of Thailand.

Halim died on 11 September 2017 at the age of 89 at his palace on Istana Anak Bukit around 2.30 p.m. (MST).

Titles and styles
28 November 19276 August 1949: Yang Mulia Tunku Abdul Halim ibni Tunku Badlishah
6 August 194915 July 1958: Duli Yang Teramat Mulia Raja Muda Kedah Tunku Abdul Halim ibni Sultan Badlishah
From 15 July 1958: Duli Yang Maha Mulia Sultan Abdul Halim Mu'adzam Shah ibni Sultan Badlishah
21 September 197020 September 1975: Seri Paduka Baginda Yang di-Pertuan Agong Tuanku Abdul Halim Mu'adzam Shah ibni Sultan Badlishah
From 13 December 2011: Seri Paduka Baginda Yang di-Pertuan Agong Tuanku Abdul Halim Mu'adzam Shah ibni Sultan Badlishah

References

Other websites

 List of Sultans of Kedah 

1927 births
2017 deaths
Malaysian politicians
Prime ministers