September 11

The terms "September 11" and "9/11" have been used by the media to refer to the September 11, 2001 attacks on the World Trade Center and The Pentagon in the United States of America.

Events

Up to 1900 
 9  The Battle of Teutoburg Forest finishes.
 1041  Fire destroys most of Bremen's Old Town.
 1297  Led by William Wallace, the Scots defeat the English at the Battle of Stirling Bridge.
 1390  The Teutonic Knights besiege Vilnius.
 1541  Santiago, Chile, is destroyed by indigenous warriors led by Michimalonko.
 1565  Ottoman Empire forces retreat from Malta, ending the Great Siege of Malta.
 1609  Henry Hudson arrives at the island of Manhattan.
 1649  Under orders from Oliver Cromwell, the Drogheda Massacre is committed in Ireland.
 1708  King Charles XII of Sweden stops his march to Moscow, by halting outside Smolensk, marking a turning point in the Great Northern War.
 1714  Siege of Barcelona: Barcelona, capital city of Catalonia, surrenders to French and Spanish Bourbon armies in the War of the Spanish Succession.
 1758  Seven Years' War: In the Battle of Saint Cast, France holds off a British invasion.
 1775  American Revolutionary War: Benedict Arnold's expedition leaves Cambridge, Massachusetts, as part of the invasion of Quebec.
 1776  A British-American peace conference on Staten Island fails to stop the already started American Revolutionary War.
 1789  Alexander Hamilton becomes the first United States Secretary of the Treasury.
 1802  France annexes the Kingdom of Piedmont.
 1813  War of 1812: British troops arrive in Mount Vernon and prepare to march and invade Washington, DC.
 1814  War of 1812: Climax of the Battle of Plattsburgh, a major US victory in the war.
 1852  The State of Buenos Aires separates from the Argentine federal government, before re-joining on September 17, 1861.
 1857  Mountain Meadows massacre: Mormon settlers and Paiutes massacre 120 pioneers at Mountain Meadows, Utah.
 1877  British three-mast sailing boat collides with another vessel off the Isle of Portland, sinking shortly after, killing 106 people.
 1897  After months of pursuit, generals of Menelik II of Ethiopia capture Gaki Sherocho, the last King of Kaffa, bringing the ancient kingdom of Kaffa to an end.

1901  2000 
 1906  Mahatma Gandhi coins the term Satyagraha for the non-violent rights movement in South Africa.
 1914  World War I: Australia invades the island of New Britain, defeating a German contingent at the Battle of Bita Paka.
 1914  World War I: A battle at what is now Lviv, results in a Russian victory over Austria-Hungary, a defeat that the Habsburg monarchy never fully recovers from.
 1916  The Quebec Bridge collapses, killing 11 people.
 1919  US Marines invade Honduras.
 1922  The Treaty of Kars is ratified in Yerevan, Armenia.
 1922  The British Mandate for Palestine begins.
 1930  The biggest-recorded eruption of the Stromboli volcano in Italy takes place.
 1931  Salvatore Maranzano is murdered by Lucky Luciano's hitmen.
 1941  Ground is broken for the construction of the Pentagon building.
 1943  Holocaust: Start of the liquidation of the Ghettos in Minsk and Lida by the Nazis.
 1944  An RAF bombing raid destroys the city of Darmstadt in Germany killing around 11,500 people.
 1954  Hurricane Edna strikes New England, killing 29 people.
 1961  Hurricane Carla hits Texas.
 1961  The World Wide Fund for Nature is founded.
 1962  The Beatles record their first single, Love Me Do.
 1968  An Air France plane crashes in Nice, France, killing 95 people.
 1971  The Egyptian Constitution becomes official.
 1972  The San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit system has its opening day of passenger service.
 1973  A military coup in Chile removes President Salvador Allende, who is subsequently killed in the event, from office. General Augusto Pinochet is installed in his place, and remains in power until March 11, 1990.
 1974  An Eastern Airlines plane crashes in Charlotte in North Carolina, killing 69 people.
 1974  Charles T. Kowal discovers Jupiter's moon Leda.
 1978  Janet Parker becomes the last person to die of smallpox.
 1978  Georgi Markov dies four days after being attacked in London.
 1985  Pete Rose breaks Ty Cobb's baseball record of most career hits when he hits his 4,192nd hit.
 1989  Hungary opens the Iron Curtain for refugees from East Germany to travel to the West.
 1990  US President George H. W. Bush proclaims a "New World Order".
 1992  Hurricane Iniki hits the Hawaiian islands of Oahu and Kauai.
 1997  In a referendum, the people of Scotland vote in favour of a new Scottish Parliament.
 1997  NASA's Mars Global Surveyor reaches Mars.
 1997  Fourteen Estonian soldiers die in the Kurkse Tragedy, drowning in the Baltic Sea.
 1998  Beginning of the 1998 Commonwealth Games in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, the first time these games are held in Asia.
 1999  Tennis player Serena Williams wins her first Grand Slam, at the US Open.

From 2001 

 2001  In the September 11 attacks, Islamic extremists destroy the World Trade Center in New York City and part of The Pentagon in Arlington, Virginia by crashing passenger planes into them. Another airliner crashed in a field in Pennsylvania. Almost 3,000 were killed. The term "9/11" is often used to refer to these attacks.
 2003  Swedish foreign minister Anna Lindh dies aged 46, following a knife attack the previous day. After Olof Palme in 1986, she is the second high-profile Swedish politician to be murdered.
 2004  A helicopter crashes in the Aegean Sea, killing 17 people, including Patriarch Peter VII of Alexandria.
 2006  George Tupou V becomes king of Tonga, after the death of his father Taufa'ahau Tupou IV.
 2007  Russia tests a thermobaric weapon.
 2012  The US Embassy in Cairo, Egypt and Consulate in Benghazi, Libya are targeted in terrorist attacks by Islamic extremists. 4 Americans are killed in the attacks, including US Ambassador to Libya Christopher Stevens.
 2012  A total of 315 people are killed in two garment factory fires in Pakistan.
 2015  A crane collapse at Mecca's Central Mosque kills over 100 people.
 2017  The United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights says that a security operation targeting Rohingya people in Myanmar is a "textbook example of ethnic cleansing".

Births

Up to 1900 
 1182  Minamoto na Yoriie, Japanese shogun (d. 1204).
 1470  Martin Waldseemüller, German cartographer (d. 1520).
 1476  Louise of Savoy (d. 1531).
 1522  Ulisse Aldrovandi, Italian physician and naturalist (d. 1605).
 1524  Pierre de Ronsard, French poet (d. 1585).
 1525  John George, Elector of Brandenburg (d. 1598).
 1611  Henri de la Tour d'Auvergne, Vicomte de Turenne, Marshal of France (d. 1675).
 1656  Ulrika Eleonora of Denmark, consort of Sweden (d. 1693).
 1700  James Thomson, Scottish poet (d. 1748).
 1711  William Boyce, English composer (d. 1779).
 1724  Johann Bernhard Basedow, German educational reformer (d. 1790).
 1743  Nicolai Abildgaard, Danish painter, sculptor and architect (d. 1809).
 1749  Justus Perthes, German publisher (d. 1816).
 1764  Valentino Fioravanti, Italian composer (d. 1837).
 1771  Mungo Park, Scottish explorer (d. 1806).
 1786  Friedrich Kuhlau, German composer (d. 1832).
 1798  Franz Ernst Neumann, German physicist (d. 1895).
 1816  Carl Zeiss, German lens maker (d. 1888).
 1825  Eduard Hanslick, Austrian composer (d. 1904).
 1838  John Ireland, American archbishop (d. 1918).
 1845  Emile Baudot, French engineer and inventor (d. 1903).
 1847  Mary Watson Whitney, American astronomer (d. 1921).
 1853  Katharina Schratt, Austrian actress (d. 1940).
 1860  James Allan, New Zealand rugby (d. 1934).
 1862  O. Henry, American writer (d. 1910).
 1862  Julian Byng, 1st Viscount Byng of Vimy, British field marshal and Governor-General of Canada (d. 1936).
 1862  Cecilia Bowes-Lyon, Countess of Strathmore and Kinghorne, British noblewoman (d. 1938)
 1862  Hawley Harvey Crippen, American physician and murder suspect (d. 1910)
 1865  Rainis, Latvian writer and politician (d. 1929).
 1871  Scipione Borghese, 1st Prince of Sulmona, Italian racing driver, mountaineer and politician (d. 1927)
 1877  Felix Dzerzhinsky, Polish-born Bolshevik revolutionary (d. 1926).
 1877  James Hopwood Jeans, English physicist, astronomer and mathematician (d. 1946).
 1881  Asta Nielsen, Danish actress (d. 1972)
 1885  D. H. Lawrence, English novelist (d. 1930).
 1892  Pinto Colvig, American actor and cartoonist (d. 1967).
 1892  Lucien Buysse, Belgian cyclist (d. 1980).
 1895  Vinobe Bhave, Indian activist (d. 1982).
 1895  Nur Ali Elahi, Iranian philosopher and musician (d. 1974).
 1896  Robert S. Kerr, 12th Governor of Oklahoma (d. 1963).
 1899  Jimmie Davis, American country music singer-songwriter and politician, Governor of Louisiana (d. 2000).
 1900  Semyon Lavochkin, Russian aircraft engineer (d. 1960).

1901  1950 
 1903  Theodor W. Adorno, German philosopher and sociologist (d. 1969).
 1904  Ludwik Gross, Polish-American cancer researcher and virologist (d. 1999)
 1910  Gerhard Schröder, German politician (d. 1989).
 1913  Jacinto Convit, Venezuelan physician and scientist (d. 2014).
 1913  Bear Bryant, American football coach (d. 1983).
 1914  Pavle, Serbian Patriarch (d. 2009).
 1915  Raul Alberto Lastiri, Argentine politician and interim President (d. 1978).
 1917  Ferdinand Marcos, President of the Philippines (d. 1989).
 1917  Herbert Lom, Czech-born British actor (d. 2012).
 1917  Jessica Mitford, British writer (d. 1996).
 1921  Yidnekatchew Tessema, Ethiopian footballer (d. 1987).
 1924  Daniel Akaka, American politician. (d. 2018)
 1924  Tom Landry, American football coach (d. 2000).
 1928  Reubin Askew, 37th Governor of Florida (d. 2014).
 1928  Earl Holliman, American actor.
 1928  William X. Kienzle, American priest and author (d. 2001).
 1929  Patrick Mayhew, English lawyer and politician.
 1930  Saleh Salim, Egyptian footballer, manager and actor (d. 2002).
 1931  Hans-Ulrich Wehler, German historian and academic (d. 2014).
 1932  Gavril Dejeu, Romanian politician.
 1933  Rachid Sfar, former Prime Minister of Tunisia.
 1935  Arvo Part, Estonian composer.
 1935  Gherman Titov, Soviet cosmonaut (d. 2000).
 1937  Queen Paola of Belgium.
 1937  Robert Crippen, American astronaut.
 1937  Joseph Kobzon, Soviet-Ukrainian singer.
 1940  Theodore Olsen, American politician.
 1940  Nong Duc Manh, Vietnamese Communist politician.
 1940  Brian De Palma, American director.
 1943  Mickey Hart, American musician.
 1943  Jack Ely, American guitarist and singer (d. 2015).
 1944  Serge Haroche, French physicist.
 1944  Everaldo, Brazilian footballer (d. 1974).
 1944  Freddy Thielemans, Belgian politician.
 1945  Franz Beckenbauer, German footballer.
 1948  John Martyn, British musician (d. 2009).
 1950  Amy Madigan, American actress.
 1950  Eijun Kiyokumo, Japanese footballer.

1951  1975 
 1951  Miroslav Dvorak, Czech ice hockey player (d. 2008).
 1953  Tommy Shaw, American singer-songwriter and guitarist.
 1955  Enzo Ghinazzi, Italian singer, presenter, actor and writer.
 1956  Tony Gilroy, American screenwriter and director.
 1957  Brad Bird, American actor, animator, director and screenwriter.
 1957  Jon Moss, English drummer
 1960  Hiroshi Amano, Japanese physicist.
 1960  Predrag Nikolic, chess player from Bosnia and Herzegovina.
 1961  Virginia Madsen, American actress.
 1962  Julio Salinas, Spanish footballer.
 1962  Kristy McNichol, American actress.
 1963  Pietro Ferrero Jr., Italian businessman (d. 2011).
 1965  Bashar al-Assad, President of Syria.
 1965  Moby, American musician.
 1965  Graeme Obree, British cyclist.
 1965  Paul Heyman, American wrestling manager and promoter.
 1966  Princess Akishino of Japan.
 1967  Harry Connick, Jr., American singer.
 1967  Sung Jae-gi, South Korean activist (d. 2013).
 1968  Slaven Bilic, Croatian footballer.
 1969  Gidget Gein, American musician (d. 2008).
 1970  Taraji P. Henson, American actress and singer.
 1970  Aaron Dworkin, American violinist.
 1971  Richard Ashcroft, English musician.
 1971  Johnny Vegas, English comedian.
 1972  Sohrab Bakhtiarizadeh, Iranian footballer.

From 1976 
 1977  Matthew Stevens, Welsh snooker player.
 1977  Ludacris, American rapper, producer and actor.
 1977  Jonny Buckland, English guitarist (Coldplay)
 1978  Dejan Stankovic, Serbian footballer.
 1978  Pablo Contreras, Chilean footballer.
 1979  Eric Abidal, French footballer.
 1979  David Pizarro, Chilean footballer.
 1979  Ariana Richards, American actress.
 1979  Cameron Richardson, American actress.
 1981  Andrea Dossena, Italian footballer.
 1981  Charles Kelley, American country music singer (Lady Antebellum).
 1981  Dylan Klebold, shooter in the Columbine massacre (d. 1999).
 1983  Lauryn Williams, American athlete.
 1985  Shaun Livingston, American basketball player.
 1987  Mai Oshima, Japanese singer (AKB48).
 1987  Susianna Kentikian, Armenian-German boxer.
 1987  Tyler Hoechlin, American actor.
 1988  Lee Yong Dae, South Korean badminton player.
 1989  Asuka Kuramochi, Japanese singer (AKB48).
 1990  Jo Inge Berget, Norwegian footballer.
 1991  Anastasia Rybachenko, Russian activist.
 1992  Jordan Ayew, Ghanaian footballer.
 1993  Lena Lotzen, German footballer.

Deaths

Up to 1900 
 1063  King Bela I of Hungary.
 1161  Queen Melisende of Jerusalem (b. 1105).
 1298  Philip of Artois (b. 1269).
 1349  Bonne of Bohemia (b. 1315).
 1380  King Haakon VI of Norway (b. 1040).
 1677  James Harrington, English political philosopher (b. 1611).
 1680  Emperor Go-Mizunoo of Japan (b. 1596).
 1721  Rudolf Jakob Camerarius, German botanist and physician (b. 1665).
 1733  Francois Couperin, French composer (b. 1868).
 1760  Louis Godin, French astronomer (b. 1704).
 1788  José, Prince of Brazil (b. 1761).
 1823  David Ricardo, English economist (b. 1772).
 1843  Joseph Nicollet, French mathematician and explorer (b. 1786).
 1865  Louis Juchault de Lamoriciere, French general and statesman (b. 1806).
 1876  Nathaniel B. Baker, 24th Governor of New Hampshire (b. 1818).
 1888  Domingo Faustino Sarmiento, President of Argentina (b. 1811).

1901  2000 
 1911  Louis Henri Boussenard, French explorer (b. 1847).
 1915  William Sprague, Governor of Rhode Island (b. 1830).
 1917  Georges Guynemer, French pilot (b. 1894).
 1931  Salvatore Maranzano, Italian-American crime figure (b. 1886).
 1932  Stanislaw Wigura, Polish pilot (b. 1901).
 1932  Franciszek Zwirko, Polish pilot (b. 1895).
 1939  Konstantin Korovin, Russian painter (b. 1861).
 1941  Christian Rakovsky, Bulgarian-born socialist revolutionary (b. 1873).
 1947  Alice Keppel, English socialite and mistress to Edward VII of the United Kingdom (b. 1868).
 1948  Muhammad Ali Jinnah, founder of Pakistan (b. 1876).
 1949  Henri Rabaud, French composer and conductor (b. 1873).
 1950  Jan Smuts, South African politician (b. 1870).
 1950  Alvaro Figueroa, 1st Count of Romanones, Prime Minister of Spain (b. 1863).
 1956  Herminio Masantonio, Argentine footballer (b. 1910).
 1958  Robert W. Service, Scottish-Canadian poet (b. 1874).
 1958  Camillien Houde, Canadian politician, 34th Mayor of Montreal (b. 1889).
 1971  Nikita Krushchev, Soviet political leader (b. 1894).
 1973  Salvador Allende, President of Chile (b. 1908).
 1973  E. E. Evans-Pritchard, British anthropologist (b. 1902).
 1978  Ronnie Peterson, Swedish racing driver (b. 1944).
 1978  Georgi Markov, Bulgarian dissident (b. 1929).
 1978  Janet Parker, British smallpox victim (b. 1938).
 1986  Panagiotis Kanellopoulos, Greek politician and academic (b. 1902).
 1987  Peter Tosh, Jamaican musician (b. 1944).
 1988  Roger Hargreaves, English writer (The Mr. Men) (b. 1934).
 1994  Jessica Tandy, English-American actress (b. 1909).
 1997  Camille Henry, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (b. 1933).

Deaths in the September 11 attacks 
 2001  People killed in the September 11 attacks, including:
David Angell, American sitcom creator (b. 1946).
Berry Berenson, widow of the actor Anthony Perkins (b. 1948).
Daniel M. Lewin, American technician (b. 1970).
Mychal Judge, American priest (b. 1933).
Garnet Bailey, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1948).
Carolyn Beug, American movie maker (b. 1953).
Charles Burlingame, American pilot (b. 1949).
William M. Feeham, American firefighter (b. 1929).
Peter J. Ganci, American firefighter (b. 1946).
Timothy Maude, American military officer (b. 1947).
Barbara Olson, American political commentator (b. 1955).
Mohamed Atta, Egyptian terrorist (b. 1968).
Wail al-Shehri, Saudi terrorist (b. 1973).
Nawaf al-Hazmi, Saudi terrorist (b. 1973).
Majed Moqed, Saudi terrorist (b. 1977).
Abdulaziz al-Omari, Saudi terrorist (b. 1979).

After 2001 
 2002  Kim Hunter, American actress (b. 1922).
 2002  Johnny Unitas, American football player (b. 1933).
 2003  Anna Lindh, Swedish foreign minister (b. 1957).
 2003  John Ritter, American actor (b. 1948).
 2004  Patriarch Peter VII of Alexandria, Greek Orthodox Patriarch of Alexandria and all Africa (b. 1949).
 2006  Joachim Fest, German historian (b. 1926).
 2007  Ian Porterfield, British footballer (b. 1945).
 2009  Yoshito Usui, Japanese manga artist (b. 1958).
 2009  Juan Almeida Bosque, Cuban revolutionary (b. 1927).
 2009  Gertrude Baines, American supercentenarian and oldest person in the world at the time of her death (b. 1894).
 2010  Kevin McCarthy, American actor (b. 1914).
 2011  Andy Whitfield, Welsh actor (b. 1972).
 2012  Sergio Livingstone, Chilean footballer (b. 1920).
 2012  Sean Smith, American diplomat.
 2012  J. Christopher Stevens, American diplomat (b. 1960).
 2014  Joachim Fuchsberger, German actor and entertainer (b. 1927).
 2014  Donald Sinden, English actor (b. 1923).
 2014  Antoine Duhamel, French composer (b. 1925).
 2014  Bob Crewe, American songwriter and record producer (b. 1931).
 2014  Rudolf Kortokraks, German-Austrian painter (b. 1928).
 2014  Kendall Francois, American serial killer (b. 1971).
 2014  Hamish McHamish, Scottish celebrity cat (b. 1999).
 2015  Alan Purwin, American helicopter pilot and aerial film operator (b. 1961).
 2016  Alexis Arquette, American actress (b. 1969).
 2016  Ben Idrissa Dermé, Burkinabe footballer (b. 1982).
 2017  Abdul Halim of Kedah, former King of Malaysia (b. 1927).
 2017  J. P. Donleavy, Irish-American writer (b. 1926).
 2017  Alfred Gadenne, Belgian politician (b. 1946).
 2017  Peter Hall, English theatre and film director (b. 1930).

Observances 
 National Day of Catalonia.
 Patriot Day in the US.
 Ethiopian New Year.

Days of the year