cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Mi'kmaq

The Mi'kmaq (; (also spelled Míkmaq, Mi'gmaq, Mi'qmac, or formerly Micmac) are a First Nations or Native American in the United States people, indigenous to northeastern New England, Canada's Atlantic Provinces, and the Gaspé Peninsula of Quebec.  The word Míkmaw is an adjectival form of the plural noun for the people, Míkmaq.

The nation has a population of about 40,000 of whom approximately one-third still speak the Algonquian language L'nuí'simk which was once written in Míkmaq hieroglyphic writing and is now written using most letters of the standard Latin alphabet.

In the Canadian provinces of Nova Scotia and Newfoundland and Labrador, October is celebrated as Mi'kmaq History Month and the entire Nation celebrates Treaty Day annually on October 1.

Mi'kmaq First Nation subdivisions 

Mi'kmaq names in the table have all been spelled according to a several orthographies. The Mi'kmaq orthographies in use are Mí'kmaq hieroglyphs, the orthography of Silas Tertius Rand, the Pacifique orthography, and the most recent Smith-Francis orthography, which has been adopted by most of the Mi'kmaq First Nation.

Demographics

References 

 Rita Joe, Lesley Choyce. 2005. The Mi'kmaq Anthology, Nimbus Publishing (CN), 2005, ISBN

Documentary film 
 Our Lives in Our Hands (Mi'kmaq basketmakers and potato diggers in northern Maine, 1986)

Other websites 

 First Nations Profiles 
 Micmac History
 Mi'kmaq Portraits Collection 
 Mi'kmaq Dictionary Online
 The Micmac of Megumaagee
 Mi'kmaq Learning Resource

Native American
Canadian people
Wang Xiaobo

Wang Xiaobo (; pinyin: Wáng Xiǎobō; May 13, 1952 – April 11, 1997) was a famous writer in mainland China. His most famous and successful Literary works is Golden Time.

Xiaobo was born in Beijing, China. In 1972, he became a teacher in the Shandong province. In 1978, he started studying at the Renmin University of China. Xiaobo's most famous novel was published in 1994. It was named "Golden Time".

Related pages
List of Chinese writers

References

1952 births
1997 deaths
Chinese writers
Chengdu

Chengdu (also called The Hibiscus City), is the fourth largest city in the  People's Republic of China. It is the capital of Sichuan province and is on top of the Chengdu Plain. The city is home to the Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding. The city has a famous food culture, so much so that UNESCO awarded the city as a City of Gastronomy. Chengdu is known for hot pot and teahouses and for adding chili peppers in much of their food.

Cities in China
Hohenbrunn

Hohenbrunn (Central Bavarian: Hohabrunn) is a municipality in the Munich Rural District in Upper Bavaria, Germany.

References

Other websites

Munich (district)
Coweta, Oklahoma

Coweta is a city in Wagoner County, Oklahoma and is a suburb of Tulsa. The population was 8,352 at the 2005 census estimate.

History
Before statehood, when the Five Tribes or Five Civilized Tribes were moved to Oklahoma from the Eastern United States, the area that is now Coweta became part of the Creek Nation. Coweta was named after a Creek Indian war town on the Chattahoochee River in southwestern Georgia and was first settled by American Indians about 1840. In 1843 Robert Loughridge arrived in the area and established a mission, named "Koweta".
  
In 1867 after the Civil War, the Creek Indians adopted a constitution which divided there nation into six districts.  Everything northeast of the Arkansas River, including Tulsa, became the Coweta district.  The political center of this district was in a log courthouse on Coweta Creek, about a one-fourth of a mile west from the modern day center of the downtown Coweta. The Post Office was established on May 24, 1897, and was named after the Koweta Mission.

Many notable events occurred in 1903. Along with the arrival of the Missouri-Kansas-Texas Railroad, Coweta’s first newspaper, The Courier, was started, the first school was built, and a telephone line was put in.

Geography
Coweta is at  (35.963155, -95.661586).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 7.7 square miles (19.9 km²), of which, 7.6 square miles (19.6 km²) of it is land and 0.1 square miles (0.3 km²) of it (1.56%) is water.

Historical sites
Coweta is home to two sites on the National Register of Historic Places list. The first is the Koweta Mission Site. The mission was added to the NRHP in 1973, today only a cemetery remains. The second historical site in Coweta is the First Presbyterian Church of Coweta, commonly known as the Mission Bell Museum. The Mission Bell Museum was added to the NRHP in 2003 and is owned and operated by the city of Coweta.

References

Other websites
History of Coweta 
City of Coweta 
Coweta Public Schools 

Cities in Oklahoma
Neubiberg

Neubiberg (Central Bavarian: Neibiberg) is a municipality in the Munich Rural District in Upper Bavaria, Germany. The university of the Bundeswehr is there.

References

Other websites

Munich (district)
Brunnthal

Brunnthal (Central Bavarian: Brunntoi) is a municipality in the Munich Rural District in Upper Bavaria, Germany.

References

Other websites

Munich (district)
Putzbrunn

Putzbrunn (Central Bavarian: Butzbrunn) is a municipality in the Munich Rural District in Upper Bavaria, Germany.

References

Other websites

Munich (district)
Unterföhring

Unterföhring (Central Bavarian: Untafering) is a municipality in the Munich Rural District in Upper Bavaria, Germany. Many media companies are in Unterföhring, for example ProSiebenSat.1 Media AG and Sky Deutschland.

References 

Munich (district)
Fur trade

The fur trade is a worldwide industry dealing in the gain and sale of animal fur.

Before the colonization of the Americas, Russia was a major fur supplier of Western Europe and parts of Asia. 
The North American fur trade was a central part of the early history of contact in The New World (North America) between European-Americans and Native Americans in the United States and First Nations in Canada. 

The North American fur trade flourished for 250 years. This long time can be roughly divided into three sections:  
 the "French Era" from 1600 to 1760 (See Coureur de bois)
 the "British Era" from 1760 to 1816
 the "American Era" from 1816 to 1850 (See John Jacob Astor)

One of the earliest companies in the fur trade business was the Hudson's Bay Company, which was created by an English royal charter in 1670. The company still exists today, but now works in the retail business and operates a number of department stores in Canada, the United States and all around the world.

References 

 Barbara Huck (2000) Exploring the Fur Trade Routes of North America  (2nd Ed: May 2002)

Other websites 
 The Canadian Museum of Civilization - Great Fur Trade Canoes
 A Brief History of the Fur Trade 
 History of the Fur Trade in Wisconsin 
 Museum of the Fur Trade, Chadron, Nebraska USA

Commerce
Trade routes
Argyle, Wisconsin

Argyle is a village in Lafayette County, Wisconsin, United States. There were 823 people living in Argyle as of the year 2000. The village can be found inside the Town of Argyle.  The United States Census Bureau says that the village has an area of 0.6 square miles (1.6 km²).

References

Other websites
The Village of Argyle, Wisconsin website

Villages in Wisconsin
Lafayette County, Wisconsin
Miyuki Komatsu

is a Japanese actress.

She has acted in:
 Death Note and Death Note: The Last Name: Sanami
 Oh! Oku

References 

Japanese movie actors
1971 births
Living people
People from Fukushima Prefecture
Aschheim

Aschheim (Central Bavarian: Oscham, Aschhoam) is a municipality in the district of the Munich Rural District.

References

Other websites 

Munich (district)
NetSolve

NetSolve is an information technology company in the United States.  Cisco Systems took it over on September 9, 2004.

American technology companies
Third-person shooter

Third-person shooter is a genre of video games in which the players character is seen from a distance. A first-person shooter is where the player plays as if they are the character. In a third person shooter the player controls the character. Some examples of a third-person shooter are the Grand Theft Auto series and Mafia. 
For PSP can also have Socom Fireteam Bravo Also with the Syphon Filter series with first person scope aim.

 
Types of video games
Video game genres
Wagoner County, Oklahoma

Wagoner County is a county in the U.S. state of Oklahoma.  As of 2000, 57,491 people lived there.  Its county seat is Wagoner.

Bordering counties
Rogers County  (northwest)
Mayes County  (northeast)
Cherokee County  (east)
Muskogee County  (south)
Tulsa County  (west)

Cities and towns

National Register  of Historic Places sites 
The following sites in Wagoner County are listed on the National Register of Historic Places:

References

Oklahoma counties
1907 establishments in Oklahoma
Tulsa County, Oklahoma

Tulsa County is a county in the U.S. state of Oklahoma.  As of 2000, 563,299 people lived there. The county seat is Tulsa. It has more people than any other county in Oklahoma.

Geography 
The county has a total area of 587 square miles.

Bordering counties 
Washington County  (north)
Rogers County  (northeast)
Wagoner County  (southeast)
Okmulgee County  (south)
Creek County  (west)
Pawnee County & Osage County  (northwest)

Cities and towns

Unincorporated Communities 
Berryhill
Turley
Oakhurst

NRHP Sites 
The following sites in Tulsa County are listed on the National Register of Historic Places:

Other websites 
Tulsa County website

Oklahoma counties
1907 establishments in Oklahoma
National Register of Historic Places

The National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) is the United States government's official list of districts, sites, buildings, structures, and objects (all called "properties") worthy of preservation. The list is kept by the National Park Service.  The National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 (NHPA) created the National Register and the method for adding properties to it. There are more than one million properties on the National Register, 80,000 are listed by themselves.  The rest of the properties are smaller "contributing properties" that are part of historic districts. Each year around 30,000 properties are added to the National Register as part of districts or through individual listings. A few are National Historic Landmarks.

Other websites 

 National Register of Historic Places

 
1966 establishments in the United States
Wagoner, Oklahoma

Wagoner is a city in Wagoner County, Oklahoma, United States. The population was 7,669 at the 2000 census. It is the county seat of Wagoner County.

County seats in Oklahoma
Cities in Oklahoma
Muskogee County, Oklahoma

Muskogee County is a county in the U.S. state of Oklahoma.  As of 2000, 69,451 people lived there.  Its county seat is Muskogee.

Geography 
The county has a total area of 840 square miles.

Bordering counties
Wagoner County  (north)
Cherokee County  (northeast)
Sequoyah County  (east)
Haskell County  (southeast)
McIntosh County  (southwest)
Okmulgee County  (west)

Cities and towns

NRHP sites 
The following sites in Muskogee County are listed on the National Register of Historic Places:

Oklahoma counties
1907 establishments in Oklahoma
Polans

The Polans were a West Slavic tribe that lived in Greater Poland. Polans united other Polish tribes and created Poland. The first Catholic ruler of the Polans was Mieszko I. Here is an extract of Helmold's Chronica Slavorum:

"Slavorum igitur populi multi sunt habitantes in litore Balthici maris. Sinus huius maris ab occidentali occeano orientem versus porrigitur. Appellatur ideo Balthicus (...) idemque mare barbarum seu pelagus Schiticum vocatur a gentibus, quas alluit, barbaris. Hoc mare multae circumsedent naciones. Dani siquidem ac Sueones, quos Northmannos vocamus, septentrionale litus et omnes in eo continent insulas. At litus australe Slavorum incolunt nationes, quorum ab oriente primi sunt Ruci, deinde Polani, habentes a septentrione Pruzos, ab austro Boemos et eos qui dicuntur Marahi sive Karinthi atque Sorabi."

in English, it means:

"There are a lot of Slavic tribes, that live on the coast of the Baltic Sea. The bay of this sea is directed from the west ocean to east. It's called Baltic (...) This sea is also called barbarian or Scythian from the barbarian tribes, that is failing. There are a lot of tribes that live around this sea; namely Danes and Swedes, which we call Normans, they live on the northern coast and all of the isles. Southern coast inhabit Glavic tribes, the first of them are Rus'; there are also Polans, that border in the north with Prussians, on the south with Czechs, and these, that are calling themselves Moravians or Carynthians and Sorbians."

Slavic peoples
Cherokee County, Oklahoma

Cherokee County is a county in the U.S. state of Oklahoma.  As of 2000, the population was 42,521.  Its capital city is Tahlequah.

Geography 
The county has a total area of 776 square miles.

Bordering counties
Delaware County  (north)
Adair County  (east)
Sequoyah County  (south)
Muskogee County  (southwest)
Wagoner County  (west)
Mayes County  (northwest)

Cities and towns

NRHP sites 
The following sites in Cherokee County are listed on the National Register of Historic Places:

Oklahoma counties
1907 establishments in Oklahoma
Mayes County, Oklahoma

Mayes County is a county in the U.S. state of Oklahoma.  As of 2000, 38,369 people lived there.  Its county seat is Pryor, also known as Pryor Creek.

Bordering counties
Craig County  (north)
Delaware County  (east)
Cherokee County  (southeast)
Wagoner County  (south)
Rogers County  (west)

Cities and towns

NRHP Sites 
The following sites in Mayes County are listed on the National Register of Historic Places:
 Cabin Creek Battlefield, Pensacola
 Farmers and Merchants Bank, Chouteau
 Lewis Ross/Cherokee Orphan Asylum Springhouse, Salina
 Pensacola Dam, Langley
 Territorial Commercial District, Chouteau
 Union Mission Site, Mazie

Oklahoma counties
1907 establishments in Oklahoma
Rogers County, Oklahoma

Rogers County is a county in the U.S. state of Oklahoma.  As of 2000, 70,641 people lived there.  Its county seat is Claremore.

Geography 
The county has a total area of 711 square miles.

Bordering counties
Nowata County  (north)
Craig County  (northeast)
Mayes County  (east)
Wagoner County  (south)
Tulsa County  (southwest)
Washington County  (northwest)

Cities and towns

NRHP sites 
The followings sites in Rogers County are listed on the National Register of Historic Places:

Oklahoma counties
1907 establishments in Oklahoma
Koweta Mission Site

Koweta Mission Site is a NRHP site added in 1973.

The Koweta Mission was founded in 1843 when white missionaries arrived in Coweta to teach Native American children. Reverend  Robert Loughridge and his wife, Olivia, bought an empty cabin for ten dollars and began teaching. He named the mission "Koweta".

Citations 

Christian organizations
Sean Hannity

Sean Hannity (born December 30, 1961) is an American radio talk show host and best-selling author. He first was noticed as the co-host for the Fox News program Hannity & Colmes, a political television program co-hosted by Alan Colmes. He is the second highest rated talk-radio show in the United States,  for his work with his show called The Sean Hannity Show. He is also the host of Hannity's America, on the TV station Fox News Channel.

References

Other websites 
 Sean Hannity's official website
 Sean Hannity's biography (Fox News)

1961 births
Living people
Television talk show hosts
American conservatives
Writers from New York City
Headline

A headline is text at the top of a article, telling the reader the nature of the article below. Newspapers almost always have headlines in their papers.

Newspaper publishing
Transistor–transistor logic

Transistor–Transistor Logic (TTL) is a class of digital circuits built from transistors and resistors. It is called transistor–transistor logic because the logic function (e.g., AND) and amplification is performed by transistors. Many integrated circuits have TTL technology. They are used in applications such as computers, industrial controls, test equipment and instrumentation, synthesizers, etc.

TTL gates define a voltage below 0.5V as 0, and a voltage of 4–5V as 1.

Series Type 

 Bipolar
 74 - the "standard TTL" logic family (long obsolete) had no letters between the "74" and the specific part number.
 74L - Low power (compared to the original TTL logic family), very slow (rendered obsolete by the LS-series)
 H - High speed (rendered obsolete by the S-series, used in 1970s era computers)
 S - Schottky (obsolete)
 LS - Low Power Schottky
 AS - Advanced Schottky
 ALS - Advanced Low Power Schottky
 F - Fast (faster than normal Schottky, similar to AS)
 CMOS
 C - CMOS 4-15V operation similar to 4000 series
 HC - High speed CMOS, similar performance to LS, 12nS
 HCT - High speed, compatible logic levels to bipolar parts
 AC - Advanced CMOS, performance generally between S and F
 AHC - Advanced High-Speed CMOS, three times as fast as HC
 ALVC - Low voltage - 1.65 to 3.3V, tpd 2nS
 AUC - Low voltage - 0.8 to 2.7V, tpd<1.9nS@1.8V
 FC - Fast CMOS, performance similar to F
 LCX - CMOS with 3V supply and 5V tolerant inputs
 LVC - Low voltage - 1.65 to 3.3V and 5V tolerant inputs, tpd<5.5nS@3.3V, tpd<9nS@2.5V
 LVQ - Low voltage - 3.3V
 LVX - Low voltage - 3.3V with 5V tolerant inputs
 VHC - Very High Speed CMOS - 'S' performance in CMOS technology and power
 G - Super high speeds at more than 1 GHz, 1.65V to 3.3V and 5V tolerant inputs, tpd 1nS (Produced by Potato Semiconductor)
 BiCMOS
 BCT - BiCMOS, TTL compatible input thresholds, used for buffers
 ABT - Advanced BiCMOS, TTL compatible input thresholds, faster than ACT and BCT

Electronics
Northwest Ordinance

The Northwest Ordinance of 1787 said that the land north of the Ohio River and east of the Mississippi River would eventually become part of the United States. It encouraged people to move to the west. The Ordinance established policies for governing the territory and included laws eventually adopted in the Constitution. Included in the Ordinance were laws protecting freedom of religion (Article I), rights of the accused (Article II), public education and Indian land rights (Article III), admission of new states (Article V), and prohibition of slavery in the territory (Article VI). The territory included the future states of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Wisconsin, Michigan, and part of Minnesota. This was a very important part in the American history.

United States federal legislation
1787 in the United States
Protactinium

Protactinium is a very radioactive chemical element with the symbol Pa and atomic number 91. The density of this element is 231.04

Notable characteristics 
Protactinium is a silver metallic element that is in the actinide group, with a bright metallic shine that it keeps for some time in the air. It is superconductive at temperatures below 1.4 K.

Applications 
Due to its scarcity, high radioactivity and toxicity, there are currently no uses for protactinium outside of basic research.

Protactinium-231 (which is made by the alpha decay of Uranium-235 followed by beta decay of Thorium-231) could possibly sustain a nuclear chain reaction and might be used to build a nuclear weapon. The critical mass, according to Walter Seifritz, is 750±180 kg. Other authors conclude that no chain reactions are possible in Protactinium-231.

History 
Protactinium was first discovered in 1913, when Kasimir Fajans and O. H. Göhring encountered short-lived isotope 234m-Pa, with a half-life of about 1.17 minutes, while they were studying the decay chain of 238-U. They gave the new element the name Brevium (Latin brevis, brief, short); the name was changed to Protoactinium in 1918 when two groups of scientists (Otto Hahn and Lise Meitner of Germany and Frederick Soddy and John Cranston of the UK) independently discovered 231-Pa. The name was shortened to Protactinium in 1949.

In 1961, the United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority was able to produce 125 g of 99.9% pure protactinium, processing 60 tons of waste material in a 12-stage process and spending 500,000 USD. For many years to come, this was the world's only way to get the element. It is said that the metal was sold to laboratories for a cost of 2,800 USD / g in the following years.

Precautions 
Protactinium is both toxic and highly radioactive. It requires precautions similar to those used when handling plutonium.

References

Other websites 

 ANL factsheet 
 WebElements.com – Protactinium
 It's Elemental – Protactinium
 InfoHaunter 

Actinides
Chemical elements
Troy Aikman

Troy Kenneth Aikman (born November 21, 1966 in West Covina, California) is a former American football quarterback for the Dallas Cowboys of the National Football League, and is now a television sportscaster for the Fox television network.  He is also a shared owner of the NASCAR Nextel Cup racing team, Hall of Fame Racing, along with fellow former Cowboys quarterback, Roger Staubach. He was chosen for the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 2006.

References

1966 births
Living people
Dallas Cowboys players
American football quarterbacks
Football players from California
Johnny Unitas

John Constantine "Johnny" Unitas (May 7, 1933 – September 11, 2002, often called "Johnny U."), was a professional American football player in the 1950s through the 1970s. He was a record-setting quarterback and the National Football League's most valuable player in 1959, 1964 and 1967. His record of throwing a touchdown pass in 47 consecutive games (between 1956-1960) is unrivaled. Unitas is commonly considered the greatest quarterback of all-time. He spent his first and last seasons each with the Pittsburgh Steelers and San Diego Chargers. He is most famous for his time with the Baltimore Colts. He was part of what some considered "The Greatest Game ever Played,"  in 1959. Unitas handed a ball to Alan Ameche, who scored against the New York Giants. The Colts eventually moved from Baltimore to Indianapolis in 1984. Unitas supported the Baltimore Ravens and is part of their Ring of Honor (Inducted 2002).

References

Other websites
 Official Johnny Unitas Information Site 
https://www.flickr.com/photos/15795636@N02/2103926819/

1933 births
2002 deaths
Pittsburgh Steelers players
San Diego Chargers players
Sportspeople from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
American football quarterbacks
Dick Butkus

Richard Marvin "Dick" Butkus (born December 9, 1942) is an American former football player. He is commonly considered as the greatest linebacker of his time. He was raised in Roseland, Chicago, Illinois.
 
In college, Butkus played for the University of Illinois. He played professional football in the National Football League for the Chicago Bears. He became a member of the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1979.

References 

1942 births
Living people
American football linebackers
Chicago Bears players
Sportspeople from Chicago
Mike Ditka

Michael Keller Ditka, Jr. (born October 18, 1939, in Carnegie, Pennsylvania), is a former NFL player, television commentator, and coach. Ditka coached the Chicago Bears for 11 years and New Orleans Saints for 3 years. Ditka and Tom Flores are the only two people to win Super Bowls as a player, an assistant coach and a head coach. Ditka was the only person to take part in the last two Chicago Bears' championships, as a player in 1963 and as head coach in 1985.

On November 23, 2018, Ditka was hospitalized in Naples, Florida after suffering a heart attack while playing golf.

References

Other websites 
www.mikeditka.com

1939 births
Living people
American football tight ends
Chicago Bears players
Dallas Cowboys players
New Orleans Saints players
Philadelphia Eagles players
Sportspeople from Pennsylvania
Sportspeople from Chicago
National Football League coaches
The Sean Hannity Show

The Sean Hannity Show is an American radio show with conservative talk show host Sean Hannity. It is a political talk show, but many times will cover things other than the mainstream media. The Hannity program is the second highest rated program, behind only The Rush Limbaugh Show. On the show, Sean and the people who call in often say to each other "you're a great American!"

Other websites 
 Hannity's radio website

Radio programs
John Elway

John Albert Elway, Jr. (born June 28, 1960 in Port Angeles, Washington) is a retired Hall of Fame American football quarterback. He played his college football at Stanford and his whole professional career for the Denver Broncos football team of the National Football League (NFL). He was the NFL Most Valuable Player (MVP) in 1987. Elway won Super Bowls with the Broncos in 1998 and 1999, and was the MVP of Super Bowl XXXIII in 1999, throwing for one touchdown and rushing for another as the Broncos beat the Atlanta Falcons, 34-19. That ended up being his final game (other than the 1999 Pro Bowl), as he retired after that season.

1960 births
Living people
American football quarterbacks
Denver Broncos players
Sportspeople from Washington
Detroit Lions

The Detroit Lions are an American football team in Detroit. The Lions play in the National Football League (NFL) as a member of the National Football Conference (NFC) North division. The team plays its home games at Ford Field.

The Lions won four NFL Championship Games between 1935 and 1957, all prior to the Super Bowl era. Since the 1957 championship, the franchise has won only a single playoff game during the 1991 season and holds the league's longest postseason win drought. They are the only franchise that has existed for the entire Super Bowl era to not appear in the Super Bowl.

References
Michael Irvin

Michael Jerome Irvin (born March 5, 1966) is a former American football player for the Dallas Cowboys. He is also a former broadcaster for ESPN's NFL Countdown. He is commonly known as one of the most successful wide receivers in the history of the National Football League.

Other websites
Michael Irvin's Official Website and Merchandise .

American football wide receivers
Dallas Cowboys players
Sportspeople from Florida
People from Fort Lauderdale, Florida
1966 births
Living people
Howie Long

Howard Michael Moses Long (born January 6, 1960 in Somerville, Massachusetts) is a former American football player who played as a defensive end, and was chosen for the Hall of Fame in 2000. He won the Super Bowl XVIII with the Los Angeles Raiders on January 22, 1984. Long currently works as a studio analyst for the Fox Network's NFL coverage.

American football defensive ends
Oakland Raiders players
Sportspeople from Massachusetts
1960 births
Living people
Hoang Hoa Tham

Hoàng Hoa Thám () or Đề Thám (); (born Trương Văn Thám () 1858 – February 10, 1913) was leader of the famous Yen The Uprising against the French during Western conquest of Vietnam.

References 
 

Vietnamese people
1858 births
1913 deaths
Pro Football Hall of Fame

The Pro Football Hall of Fame is the hall of fame of the National Football League (NFL). It opened in Canton, Ohio, United States, on September 7 1963 with 17 original inductees. Through 2008, all but one of the Hall of Fame members have played some part of their professional career in the NFL (the only player who did not is Buffalo Bills guard Billy Shaw, who played his whole career in the American Football League (AFL) before the 1970 AFL-NFL merger). The Chicago Bears have the most Hall of Famers in the league at 26.

Citations

 
Canton, Ohio
1963 establishments in the United States
1960s establishments in Ohio
Cypress

Cypress is a name used for many trees in the conifer family Cupressaceae (cypress family).
Míkmaq language

The Mi'kmaq language (also spelled Míkmaq, Mi'gmaq, Mi'qmac, or priorly Micmac) is an Eastern Algonquian language spoken by nearly 9,000 Míkmaq in Canada, and another 1,200 in United States, out of a total ethnic Míkmaq population of roughly 40,000. The word Míkmaq is a plural word meaning 'my friends' (singular Míkm); the adjectival form is Míkmaw. The language's native name is Míkmawísimk  or Míkmwei (in some dialects).

Writing system 
Míkmaq is written with letters of the Roman alphabet. This writing system was created by missionaries in the 19th century. Before, the language was written in Míkmaq hieroglyphic writing, a script of partially-native origin.

Orthographies

Notes

References 

 Rand, Silas Tertius. 1888. Dictionary of the language of the Micmac Indians, who reside in Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island, Cape Breton and Newfoundland. Halifax: Nova Scotia Printing Company. Reprinted 1994: New Delhi & Madras: Asian Educational Services,

Other websites 
 Mi'kmaq Online Talking Dictionary
 Internet Archive of "Míkmaq Language"
 Native Languages page on Míkmaq
 Ethnologue report
 Chris Harvey's page on Míkmawísimk

Languages of North America
Los Angeles Chargers

The Los Angeles Chargers are a professional American football team from the Los Angeles metropolitan area. They are currently part of the Western Division of the American Football Conference (AFC) in the National Football League (NFL). The team first played in 1960 as a charter member of the American Football League. The club spent its first season in Los Angeles before moving to San Diego in 1961, becoming the San Diego Chargers and spending 56 seasons in that city before moving back to the Los Angeles area from 2017 to 2019. The team played at Dignity Health Sports Park, a soccer stadium in suburban Carson that serves as home to the LA Galaxy of Major League Soccer. In 2020, the Chargers joined the Los Angeles Rams at that team's new SoFi Stadium in another Los Angeles suburb, Inglewood.

From 2007 to 2019, Phillip Rivers was their starting quarterback.  The current quarterback is Justin Herbert. The original team logo was a charging horse. Over time, the logo evolved into a lightning bolt, a play on a different meaning of "charge".  The team wears navy blue jerseys and white pants for most home games, white jerseys and navy pants for road games, and powder blue jerseys with white pants for designated home games.  There is a gold bolt on the jersey that is outlined in both powder blue and navy.

Pro Football Hall of Famers
Junior Seau
Rodney Harrison
LaDainian Tomlinson
Dan Fouts

Citations 

National Football League teams
Sports in Los Angeles
Metal leaf

Metal leaf is a type of metallic foil used mostly for decoration. Gold leaf, a thin layering of gold foil, is the most common form of metal leaf, and the two words are often mixed up. Only very malleable metals can be made into leaf.  Those metals are easily shaped, but at the same time very hard to break. Metal leaf is seen in various fields other than in decoration, sometimes used in art and gilding, its purposes in some cultures varies. Vark is a type of silver leaf used to decorate Indian cuisine.

References 
Patricia E. Nimocks, Decoupage. 1968, Scribner.

Metals
Foo Fighters

Foo Fighters is an American rock band started by musician and former Nirvana drummer Dave Grohl. The band was formed in 1994 after the breakup of Nirvana. The band's name comes from a term used in World War II about strange sky objects (UFOs).

The band, who have achieved a world-wide following, have won many awards for their music, and have released seven studio albums and twenty-eight singles. Foo Fighters have won eleven Grammy Awards. The current members of the band are Dave Grohl (singer), Nate Mendel (bass guitar), Taylor Hawkins (drums) and Pat Smear (guitar).

Before Grohl was a member of Foo Fighters, he was the drummer for the popular grunge band, Nirvana. Nirvana's singer, Kurt Cobain, died the year Foo Fighters were formed.

Albums

Studio albums
 Foo Fighters (1995)
 The Colour and the Shape (1997)
 There Is Nothing Left to Lose (1999)
 One by One (2002)
 In Your Honor (2005)
 Echoes, Silence, Patience & Grace (2007)
 Wasting Light (2011)
 Sonic Highways (2014)
 Concrete and Gold (2017)
 Medicine at Midnight (2021)

1994 establishments in Washington (state)
1990s American music groups
2000s American music groups
2010s American music groups
American rock bands
Brit Award winners
Grammy Award winners
Grunge bands
Musical groups established in 1994
Musical groups from Seattle, Washington
Post-grunge bands
Ronnie O'Sullivan

Ronnie O'Sullivan (born 5 December 1975) is an English professional snooker player. He was born in Wordsley, West Midlands. He grew up in Chigwell, Essex and still lives there. He was World Champion in 2001, 2004, 2008, 2012, 2013 and 2020.

O'Sullivan made his first century break at age 10.

He has won the UK Championship six times. This was in 1993, 1997, 2001, 2007, 2014 and 2017. He has won the Masters seven times, in 1995, 2005, 2007, 2009, 2014, 2016 and 2017.

Other websites 
Official website 

1975 births
Living people
Snooker players
Sportspeople from Essex
Sportspeople from West Midlands (county)
Rain (entertainer)

Jung Ji-Hoon (born June 25, 1982), better known by his stage name Rain, is a South Korean singer, recording artist, dancer, actor, model and designer.

In Rain's music career, he produced seven albums (six Korean, one Japanese), 19 singles and many concert tours around the world. His acting career began in 2003. This was when he won the KBS Best New Actor Award for his role in the drama Sang Doo! Let's Go To School. In 2004, Rain won the KBS Excellence in Acting award for his role in the drama Full House. After starring in A Love To Kill, he acted in his first Korean film, I'm a Cyborg, But That's OK (2006), which won the Alfred Bauer Prize at the Berlin International Film Festival. Rain has acted in the American films Speed Racer (2008) and Ninja Assassin (2009). He was the first Korean to win an MTV award.

In 2007, Rain left the management of JYP Entertainment and started his own company, J. Tune Entertainment. However, he still keeps contact with Park Jin-young.

Early life
Rain spent most of his childhood living with his parents and younger sister near Yonsei University. Rain was a quiet and shy child. He discovered his passion for dance when he performed in a talent show for High School. Rain decided to follow his passion and attended High School of Arts.

Rain lost his mother when she died with diabetes in 2000. In the same year, Rain was picked up to train for JYP Entertainment, led by Park Jin-Young. However, in a CNN interview and also in a Discovery Channel documentary called Discovering Hip Korea, he said he was repeatedly rejected because of his looks. During the early years of training, Rain was a backup dancer.

References 

South Korean singers
1982 births
Living people
K-pop singers
Algonquian languages

The Algonquian  or ;
also Algonkian) (also Algonquin, Algonkian) languages are a subfamily of Native American languages that includes most of the languages in the Algic language family. The term "Algonquin" comes from the Maliseet word elakómkwik (), "they are our relatives/allies". Many Algonquian languages are extremely endangered today, while a number of others have already died out completely.

Speakers of Algonquian languages stretch from the east coast of North America all the way to the Rocky Mountains. The language from which all of the languages of the family come was spoken at least 3,000 years ago.

The Algonquian languages are 'poly-synthetic', which means that you can make entire sentences in one word.

References

Bibliography 
 Campbell, Lyle (1997). American Indian languages: The historical linguistics of Native America. New York: Oxford University Press. .
 Goddard, Ives (1994). "The West-to-East Cline in Algonquian Dialectology." In William Cowan, ed., Papers of the 25th Algonquian Conference, pp. 187–211. Ottawa: Carleton University.
 Mithun, Marianne (1999). The languages of Native North America. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.  (hbk); .

Other websites 
 Algonquian Family
 

Languages of North America
Ismaning

Ismaning (Ancient: Yserrain) is a municipality in the Munich Rural District in Upper Bavaria, Germany. As of December 31, 2008, it had a population of 15,181.

References

Other websites

Munich (district)
Grünwald, Bavaria

Grünwald (Central Bavarian: Greawoid) is a municipality in the Munich Rural District in Upper Bavaria, Germany. The Bavaria Film Studios and a castle are in Grünwald. It is one of the wealthiest municipalities in Germany.

References

Other websites

Munich (district)
Kirchheim bei München

Kirchheim (Central Bavarian: Kirchheim ba Minga) is a municipality in the Munich Rural District in Upper Bavaria, Germany.

References

Other websites

Munich (district)
Haar, Bavaria

Haar is a municipality in the Munich Rural District in Upper Bavaria, Germany.

References

Other websites

Munich (district)
Garching bei München

Garching (Central Bavarian: Garching bei Minga) is a town in the Munich Rural District in Upper Bavaria, Germany. There are  other towns in Germany, which are called Garching so this one is often called Garching bei München. This is German for Garching near Munich.

References

Other websites

Munich (district)
Mureş (disambiguation)

The name Mureş can mean:
Mureş County in Romania
Mureş River in Romania and Hungary (Maros)
Taufkirchen (bei München)

Taufkirchen (Central Bavarian: Taufkira ba Minga) is a municipality in the Munich Rural District in Upper Bavaria, Germany.

References

Other websites

Munich (district)
Arena Football League

The Arena Football League (or AFL) is a defunct American football league in the United States that ran from 1987 to 2008, and 2010 to 2019. After it ended the first time, another league like it started in 2010, called Arena Football 1. Some, but not all, of the AFL teams joined Arena Football 1. The league later changed its name to the Arena Football League. There were 6 teams in 2019 when the league folded due to bankruptcy.

Unlike what people in this league call the outdoor league (the NFL), Arena football is played in an smaller arena. Arena Football is played with only 8 players on a team, not 11 like the NFL.

Teams

Timeline
The Arena Football League has had many teams join and leave the league. Every year, there has been at least one team which did not play with the same name as the year before.

References

Other websites 
Official website of the Arena Football League 
Official website of Arena Football 1
Elmo

Elmo is a fictional character from the TV show Sesame Street. He is a red monster, and has his own part of the show called Elmo's World. His age is 3 years old. He is very famous for his laugh. His best friend is an orange monster named Zoe.

Elmo was originally a nameless extra performed by various puppeteers with no established identity. After that, he became a recurring character on the show. Brian Muehl was the first main performer and gave him a whispery voice. Richard Hunt performed him next and gave him a gruff voice. However, Kevin Clash was given the muppet in 1984 and used a new voice for him. This voice was made using falsetto. The muppet then became very popular. Elmo always talks in third person: for example, Elmo says "Elmo knows where you live!" rather than "I know where you live!" Elmo has a pet fish named Dorothy. He plays the toy piano and likes to ride his tricycle. Elmo is very popular with younger children.

In the 1990s, an Elmo toy called "Tickle Me Elmo" was sold. In a short time, it became one of the most popular Sesame Street toys in stores.

References

Sesame Street characters
Muppets
San Francisco 49ers

The San Francisco 49ers are a professional American football team. The team plays its home games in Santa Clara, California at Levi's Stadium, as the teams head office and practice areas are located there. The 49ers are at this moment part of the Western Division of the National Football Conference (NFC) in the National Football League (NFL).

The team is called the 49ers because of San Francisco's history in the Gold Rush of 1849. The team colors are red, gold, and silver. The color Gold is used because of the gold from the gold rush.

The team has won a total of five Super Bowls, with their last victory being in Super Bowl XXIX. They lost to the Baltimore Ravens in the 2013 Super Bowl, 34-31 after nearly coming back after the power outage. The 49ers also appeared in Super Bowl LIV, but lost 20-31 against the Kansas City Chiefs.

Head coaches 
 Lawrence (Buck) Shaw (1946-1954)
 Red Strader (1955)
 Frankie Albert (1956-1958)
 Red Hickey (1959-1963)
 Jack Christiansen (1963-1967)
 Dick Nolan (1968-1975)
 Monte Clark (1976)
 Ken Meyer (1977)
 Pete McCulley (1978)
 Fred O'Connor (1978)
 Bill Walsh (1979-1988)
 George Seifert (1989-1996)
 Steve Mariucci (1997-2002)
 Dennis Erickson (2003-2004)
 Mike Nolan (2005)
 Mike Singletary (2005-2010)
 Jim Harbaugh (2011-2014)
 Jim Tomsula (2015)
 Chip Kelly (2016)
Kyle Shanahan (2017-present)

References

Other websites 
 San Francisco 49ers official web site

 
1946 establishments in the United States
1940s establishments in California
Tennessee Titans

The Tennessee Titans are a professional American football team in Nashville, Tennessee. They are currently part of the South Division of the American Football Conference (AFC) in the National Football League (NFL). They used to be known as the Houston Oilers, and played in Houston, Texas. The  team was started in 1960 as a charter member of the American Football League (AFL). The Oilers won two AFL championships before joining the NFL as part of the AFL-NFL Merger.

The team moved to the state of Tennessee in 1997. They played in Memphis for one season before moving to Nashville. For two seasons, the team was known as the Tennessee Oilers. They changed their name to the Titans in 1999.

Other websites
Tennessee Titans official web site

Nashville, Tennessee
National Football League teams
1960 establishments in the United States
1960s establishments in Tennessee
Mumps

Mumps is a viral disease. Only humans get it. Some of the most commons symptoms are fever, headaches, swelling of the parotoid glands, sore throat, and orchitis (which means swelling of the testicles). 

Mumps can be diagnosed by the increase in alpha amylase isoenzymes in blood plasma.

The MMR vaccine stops measles, mumps and rubella.

Diseases caused by viruses
hence we can say that mumps can be prevented by MMR vaccination
Civilian Conservation Corps

The Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) was started by Franklin D. Roosevelt during the Great Depression. The CCC gave young men jobs such as fighting forest fires, digging ditches, and planting trees. The CCC paid these men about thirty dollars a month. At first, it was planned to get men out of the cities, but more men came from small towns and rural areas.

Other websites 
 TripleCCC Museum in St. Louis, Missouri 

20th century in the United States
Franklin D. Roosevelt
New Deal
Great Depression
Killer app

A killer app is a term used for a video game which makes people want to buy the console it is played on. People will get the console just so they can play that game.

Video games
Super Mario Bros.: The Lost Levels

Super Mario Bros.: The Lost Levels is a Mario video game made by Nintendo.  It was released as Super Mario Bros. 2 in Japan in 1986 for the Famicom Disk System.  Nintendo of America took another game, called Doki Doki Panic, and released that instead under the Super Mario Bros. 2 name.

The Lost Levels was not released in the United States since Nintendo of America felt that Americans would not be happy with the game because they felt it was too hard and it was too similar to Super Mario Bros.

Changes
The Lost Levels feature updated graphics from the original, new items, and new functions.  

One item is the Poison Mushroom.  Normally a mushroom will make Mario bigger (Super Mushroom) or give him an extra life (1up Mushroom), but this one will make Mario smaller or kill him. They are easily distinguishable by their skull cap designs and "angry" eyes. They are also purple in the All-Stars release.
Red piranha plants.  The original green ones will not come up if Mario is near them or over them.  The red ones will come up even if Mario is on top of them.

Mario and Luigi now act differently.  Luigi has a higher jump and skids more when coming to a stop.

Release
The game was first released around the world in 1993 in Super Mario All-Stars for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System game console.  That game had the other three Super Mario Bros. games with better graphics and a save function.

Since then, it has been re-released three more times.  
In 1999, it was packaged in Super Mario Bros. Deluxe for the Game Boy Color.  After the player earned 300,000 points, it was unlocked and subtitled For Super Players.  This version uses the original Super Mario Bros. graphics, does not have wind, and does not have the differences between Mario and Luigi.
In 2004, it was released in Japan as Volume 21 in the Famicom Mini series for the Game Boy Advance.  It was not released anywhere else.
In 2007, it was released on the Wii's Virtual Console service.

1986 video games
Famicom Disk System games
Mario platform games
Virtual Console games
Chiang Mai

Chiang Mai () is the biggest city in northern Thailand. The city's name is Thai for "new city" because it replaced Chiang Rai, meaning "old city", as the capital of the Lan Na Kingdom. It is the capital of Chiang Mai Province, the second-biggest province of Thailand. Neighboring provinces are (from northeast to northwest) Chiang Rai, Lampang, Lamphun, Tak, and Mae Hong Son. In the north it is next to Shan State of Myanmar.

Cities in Thailand
Hyōgo Prefecture

Hyōgo Prefecture is a prefecture in the Kansai region of Japan on the island of Honshu. The capital city is Kobe.

History 
In the Meiji period, Hyōgo Prefecture was formed by merging the provinces of Harima, Tajima, Awaji, and parts of Tamba and Settsu.

In 1993, Himeji Castle was named a UNESCO World Heritage Site.  It is in the city of Himeji.

In 1995, the Great Hanshin earthquake damaged Kobe and neighboring Osaka Prefecture. It caused the deaths of 5,000+ people.

Geography 
Hyōgo has coastlines on two seas. The Sea of Japan is north of the prefecture and the Seto Inland Sea is on the south.  Awaji Island in the Inland Sea is part of Hyōgo.

Hyōgo shares land borders with Osaka Prefecture, Kyoto Prefecture, Tottori Prefecture and Okayama Prefecture.

Cities
There are twenty-nine cities in Hyōgo Prefecture, including

National Parks
National Parks are established in about 20% of the total land area of the prefecture.

Shrines and Temples
Izumo daijinju is the chief Shinto shrines (ichinomiya) in the prefecture.

Related pages
 Provinces of Japan
 Prefectures of Japan
 List of regions of Japan
 List of islands of Japan
 Hanshin Tigers

References

Other websites

Official Hyōgo Prefecture website
  Himeji-jo, World Heritage Site
Adelaide Zoo

Adelaide Zoo is Australia's second oldest zoo. It is in Adelaide, South Australia. The zoo has over 1800 animals from 300 different species. 

In 2009, the zoo will be get two Giant Pandas, from China.

Other websites
Web site of the Adelaide Zoo

References

Buildings and structures in Australia
Adelaide
Zoos in Australia
Ruth Harkness

Ruth Elizabeth Harkness (21 September 1900 – 20 July 1947) was an American fashion designer and socialite. She traveled to China in 1936 and brought back the first live giant panda to the United States. Her story was told in a book by Vicki Constantine Croke, The Lady and the Panda, published by Random House in 2005. Ruth was found dead in a hotel on July 20th 1947.

References

1900 births
1947 deaths
American fashion designers
American socialites