cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Vampire Lesbians of Sodom

Vampire Lesbians of Sodom is a satirical play by Charles Busch. It is about two immortal vampire lesbians.  They are locked in eternal antagonism after surviving the downfall of the Biblical city of Sodom. Both women arrive in Jazz Age Broadway and Hollywood. They pretend to be silent movie stars. They reach a truce in a final scene set in Las Vegas in the 1980s. The New York Times described the show as having "costumes flashier than pinball machines, outrageous lines, awful puns, sinister innocence, [and] harmless depravity". It was first performed at the Limbo Lounge in Manhattan's East Village in 1984. It moved Off Broadway in June 1985 to the Provincetown Playhouse. It had a five year run.

References 

Plays
Digital audio player

The digital audio player is a device that can play digital audio, such as CD and MP3 formatted music. Such devices include MP3 players and CD players. Some are portable and use battery power. 

Audio technology
Daniel Levy

Daniel Levy (born 8 February 1962 in Essex) is the current chairman of Premier League side Tottenham Hotspur F.C.. He has been the chairman since 2001.

Career

He is managing director of ENIC International Ltd., which is an investment company. He replaced Alan Sugar as chairman of Tottenham in February 2001. This happened after ENIC bought a controlling stake in the club. ENIC is controlled by Joseph Lewis. Levy was before this a director of the Scottish football club Rangers, in which ENIC held a significant stake.  Before this, ENIC has also controlled many other European football clubs including AEK Athens, Slavia Prague and Vicenza. ENIC has also had power in non-football companies such as Warner Bros. and Autonomy.

Tottenham Hotspur

He has changed many managers since becoming chairman, like (George Graham, Glenn Hoddle, David Pleat and Jacques Santini). When Martin Jol was manager, the team finished at 5th place in the Premier League and they qualified for the UEFA Cup also.

In summer of 2011, Chelsea tried to sign Tottenham's important player Luke Modric. But, Levy refused to sell Modric. After that, the club have started season 2011/12 very nicely and have won many matches in the Premier League.

Personal life

Daniel Levy is married. He has four children- Joshua, Oliver, Chloe and Gabriella. He has a degree from Cambridge University in Land Economy.

References

1962 births
People from Essex
English football managers
British businesspeople
Living people
Municipalities in Japan

are the local governments and sub-divisions of the island nation.
 
There are three main types of municipalities in Japan: 
cities, 
towns, 
villages 

There is a fourth type of municipality — the 23 special wards of Tokyo.

History
In 1878, the national government enacted the "Municipalities Formation Law", the "Prefectural Assemblies Act", and the "Local Tax Ordinance".  Japan was organized into three levels of government: 
 the national government of Japan
 the mid-level Prefectures of Japan
 the local municipality governments

In 1889, the ''shikuchōson was refined to create 39 cities and 15,820 towns and villages. The "Municipal Government Act" was a blend of Japanese customs and Prussia’s local government system.  

After 1898, local officials were elected in municipal elections.

Since the 19th century, Japan has been divided into 47 prefectures; and each prefecture has many districts and municipalities.

In 1947, the "Local Autonomy Law" (LAL) further refined Japan's municipalities.

Related pages

 Capital of Japan
 Provinces of Japan
 Districts of Japan

References

Other websites
 "Large City System of Japan"; graphic shows municipalities in context [PDF 7 of 40]

 
Japan
Sodom and Gomorrah

Sodom and Gomorrah are two ancient cities mentioned in the Book of Genesis. Both cities were destroyed by fire from God because of their sexual wickednesses including rape, child sexual abuse, homosexuality and indecent assault. Some scholars believe that the cities were in Moab, east of the southern edge of the Dead Sea. The word sodomy (anal sex) is derived from Sodom. The story of Sodom and Gomorrah was made into a movie in 1963.

In Genesis 18-19
God tells Abraham He plans to destroy Sodom because of its wickedness. Abraham gets God to promise to spare it if ten good men can be found.

Lot, Abraham's relative, lives in Sodom. He is visited by three men who are angels. An interpretation by some scholars is that the men of Sodom want to have anal sex with these visitors. Lot refuses to allow this. He offers the Sodomites his two virgin daughters instead. The men decline the offer. They storm Lot's door. The angels rescue Lot. They tell Lot that God has sent them to destroy Sodom for its wickness. They order Lot to gather his family, and leave the city. They forbid Lot or any of his family to look upon the city during its destruction. Lot and his family flee. Lot's wife looks back at the city. She is turned into a pillar of salt.

References

Cities in Asia
Old Testament
Tradeston Bridge

The Tradeston Bridge, also known as the Squiggly Bridge, is a pedestrian bridge that opened on May 14, 2009. It crosses the River Clyde in Glasgow to the districts of Anderston on the north bank with Tradeston on the south bank.

References

Other websites

 Dissing+Weitling, Tradeston Bridge 

Bridges in Scotland
Buildings and structures in Glasgow
Steel bridges
Windsor Railway Bridge

Windsor Railway Bridge is a wrought iron 'tied arch'  bridge in Windsor, Berkshire. It was designed by Isambard Kingdom Brunel, and carried Brunel's Great Western Railway (GWR) branch line from Slough to Windsor (Windsor and Eton Central station). It crosses the River Thames between Romney Lock and Boveney Lock.

The bridge is a single-span structure with three bowstring trusses which created two bays for the original two GWR tracks. The bridge is the world's oldest wrought iron bridge still in regular service. It is a forerunner for Brunel's last masterpiece, the Royal Albert Bridge, Saltash. The bridge was Grade II* listed in 1975.

The line opened in 1849. The construction of the line was delayed and could not be included in the original Parliamentary Act because of objections from the Provost of Eton College.
The brick viaduct was constructed between 1861–65 to replace the original wooden trestle viaduct.

Although the bridge was built to take two tracks, the track on the upstream side was removed when the line was rationalised in the 1960s.  The trackbed on this side now carries a sewage or water main pipe.

References 

Bridges in England
Berkshire
Steel bridges
Concrete bridges
Grade II* listed buildings
Saint Sebastian

Sebastian (died c. 268) was a  Christian saint and martyr. He is said to have been killed during the Roman emperor Diocletian's persecution of Christians.  He is usually depicted in art and literature tied to a post or tree and shot with arrows. This is the most common artistic depiction of Sebastian. However, he was rescued and healed by Irene of Rome. He then criticized the emperor, and was clubbed to death. He is venerated in both the Roman Catholic and the Orthodox churches.

Gay icon 
Saint Sebastian is possibly the earliest gay icon. His strong and shirtless physique, symbolic arrow-pierced flesh, and rapturous look of pain combined have intrigued both gay and straight artists for centuries.  This interest launched the first explicitly gay cult in the 19th century. Journalist Richard A. Kaye wrote, "contemporary gay men have seen in Sebastian at once a stunning advertisement for homosexual desire (indeed, a homoerotic ideal), and a prototypical portrait of tortured closet case." Because Saint Sebastian is a gay icon, Tennessee Williams chose to use that name for the martyred character Sebastian in his play, Suddenly, Last Summer. The name was also used by Irish writer and poet Oscar Wilde (as Sebastian Melmoth) when in exile after his release from prison. Wilde was about as "out of the closet" as was possible for the late 19th century. He is himself considered a gay icon.

References 

Christian saints
LGBT
260s deaths
Menace II Society

Menace II Society, released May 26, 1993 by Warner Bros., is an American urban crime drama movie set in and around South Central Los Angeles. It is rated R by the MPAA for violence, intense language and drug use. Several different versions exist for this motion picture. The character Sharif was originally supposed to be played by Tupac Shakur, although Shakur was later fired due to a dispute in which he wanted to do play someone else, so Larenz Tate was his replacement. A prison riot scene was cut from this motion picture to avoid receiving an NC-17. Menace II Society received positive reviews by critics.

Other websites 

1993 crime movies
1993 drama movies
1990s crime drama movies
American crime drama movies
American gangster movies
English-language movies
Movies about drugs
Movies set in Los Angeles
Warner Bros. movies
Aurelius and Natalia

Aurelius and Natalia (died 852) were Christian martyrs who were put to death during the reign of Abd ar-Rahman II, Emir of Córdoba. They are counted among the Martyrs of Córdoba. Aurelius and his wife Natalia were both the offspring of Muslim fathers. They were secretly Christians.  Aurelius's cousin Felix and his wife Liliosa were also Christians. Under Sharia Law, all four of them were required to profess Islam. In time though all four began to openly profess the Christian faith. The two women would go about in public with their faces unveiled. They were all swiftly arrested as apostates from Islam. They were given four days to recant. They refused, and were beheaded. They were martyred with a local monk, George. He had openly spoken out against the Islamic prophet Mohammed. He had been offered a pardon as a foreigner. He chose instead to denounce Islam again and die with the others. They are considered saints in the Roman Catholic Church. Their feast day is July 27.

References 
 Attwater, Donald and Catherine Rachel John. The Penguin Dictionary of Saints. 3rd edition. New York: Penguin Books, 1993. .

Christian saints
852 deaths
Year of birth unknown
People executed by decapitation
Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex

Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex, KG (10 November 1565 – 25 February 1601) was an English nobleman and a favourite of Elizabeth I. He was politically ambitious, and a committed general. He was placed under house arrest following a poor campaign in Ireland during the Nine Years' War in 1599. In 1601 he led an abortive coup d'état against the government and was executed for treason. His story has been told in art and literature. Two well known examples are the opera Roberto Devereux by Gaetano Donizetti and the movie The Private Lives of Elizabeth and Essex starring Bette Davis and Errol Flynn. 

Robert Devereux was one of Elizabeth I’s suitors, meaning he wanted to marry her.

1565 births
1601 deaths
English Earls
Knights of the Garter
People executed by decapitation
Earls and countesses
Executed English people
The Private Lives of Elizabeth and Essex

The Private Lives of Elizabeth and Essex is a 1939 historical movie. It is about the relationship between Queen Elizabeth I and Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex. The movie stars Bette Davis and Errol Flynn. The movie was directed by Michael Curtiz. It was based on the Maxwell Anderson play, Elizabeth the Queen.

The play had been a Broadway success with Lynn Fontanne and Alfred Lunt in the lead roles. The supporting cast in the movie included Olivia de Havilland, Donald Crisp, Henry Daniell, Henry Stephenson, and Vincent Price. The score was composed by Erich Wolfgang Korngold. He later used a theme from the movie in his Symphony in F sharp major.

The Technicolor cinematography was by Sol Polito. The elaborate costumes were designed by Orry-Kelly. The movie was a Warner Brothers production. The movie was a hit.  It received five Academy Award nominations including Best Color Cinematography. Bette Davis was expected to receive a nomination. She was nominated instead for Dark Victory.

1939 movies
Historical movies
Romance movies
Movies based on plays
English-language movies
Movies directed by Michael Curtiz
Batman Bridge

The Batman Bridge crosses the Tamar River in northern Tasmania, about 30 km north of Launceston. It was opened on 18 May 1968 by the Premier of Tasmania, Eric Reece. When it was built it was one of the first cable-stayed truss bridges in the world. It provides access between the north east and north west of Tasmania. It was named after John Batman, a Tasmanian pioneer and the founder of the city of Melbourne.

Details
The bridge is held up by cables connected to a  high A frame tower on the west bank.  This tower is not straight, but leans  out over the river.  The bridge is  in length.  The main span over the river is  and with a span on the western shore of . The eastern side is approached by four continuous viaduct spans. The bridge is  above the high water level.  The steel deck has room for two lanes of traffic and a walk way for people on both sides.

A frame
The bridge is built at the narrowest point on the Tamar River, at Whirlpool Reach. However, the east bank was found to be soft clay which would not support the bridge. The A frame tower on the west bank is built into the bedrock  below the surface and supported by steel cables concreted into tunnels in the bedrock. The tower supports the whole weight of the river span of the bridge.

References

Other websites

 Photos of Spidertech checking the cables 

Bridges in Australia
Buildings and structures in Tasmania
Steel bridges
1968 establishments in Australia
West Gate Bridge

The West Gate Bridge crosses the Yarra River, near Melbourne, Victoria. It is the third longest bridge in Australia. The bridge's length, including the approaches is . Work began on the bridge on 22 April 1968, and the bridge was opened on 15 November 1978 at a cost of AU$202 million. It was the scene of Australia's worst industrial accident when part of the bridge collapsed in October 1970, killing 35 men and injuring 18 others.

Details
The bridge is a box girder and cable stayed bridge. The bridge deck is  above the water level to allow ships to pass underneath. The supporting pylons are  high, and help support a span of . The bridge is  wide and carries eight lanes of traffic. About 160,000 vehicles travel over the bridge each day.

Collapse
Problems were first noticed on the West Gate Bridge in May 1970 when several steel girders did not fit into position by about . Engineers proposed putting ten concrete blocks, each weighing about 8 tons, onto the girders to bend them into the correct position. In September 1970 is was noticed that this had caused part of the girder to buckle. On 15 October the engineers began removing the bolts holding the buckled girders in place. This would allow the steel to unbuckle and new steel could be put up to support the damaged section. At 11.50am the damaged section collapsed. Workers both on and under the bridge were killed when the 2,000 ton section fell  to the ground. The final death toll was 35 men killed and 18 injured.

References

Bridges in Australia
Buildings and structures in Melbourne
Steel bridges
1978 establishments in Australia
The Helix Bridge

The Helix Bridge (before called the Double Helix Bridge) is a pedestrian bridge across the opening to Marina Bay in Singapore. It links the new Marina Centre with Marina South. It is located beside the Benjamin Sheares Bridge and the Bayfront Bridge, which are for vehicles (cars, etc.). It was first opened on 24 April 2010, but part of it stayed closed because of nearby construction. The whole bridge was opened on 18 July 2010. It was the last link in the pedestrian walkway that goes all the way around Marina Bay. The bridge is also used as an art gallery where children's paintings and drawings are shown to the public.

The bridge was built as part of a major development plan in the area. Other projects included the huge modern-style Marina Bay Sands hotel and casino, the Singapore Flyer, the Gardens by the Bay, and a  business and financial zone. All of it was to be finished by 2012.

Design and architecture
The team who designed the bridge included Australian and Singaporean architects. The main design idea is based on the double helix model of DNA. This can be seen best at night, when the bridge is lit up by a series of lights that show the double helix structure. Pairs of coloured letters (c and g, as well as a and t) on the bridge which are lit up in red and green. They represent cytosine, guanine, adenine and thymine, the four bases of DNA.

The bridge has four viewing platforms that give views over the Singapore skyline and events happening within Marina Bay.

The bridge is made of about 650 tonnes of stainless steel and 1000 tonnes of carbon steel. The construction of the bridge was done by two local engineering and construction companies.
Type of bridge 
The Helix Bridge is a temporary Truss bridge. As you probably already know the Helix Bridge can only support living beings. The support is by triangle beams. The Helix Bridge has triangle beams because the triangle is the strongest shape for building and so they made triangle beams to support the bridge. Now it is

References

Other websites

 360° Interactive VR image of the Helix Bridge 
 New Bridge at Marina Bay 
 New landmark bridge for Marina Bay 

Buildings and structures in Singapore
Steel bridges
2010 establishments in Asia
2010s establishments in Singapore
Ross Bridge

Ross Bridge is an historic bridge in the town of Ross in central Tasmania, Australia, completed in July 1836. It crosses the Macquarie River. It replaced an earlier bridge built in 1822 made of uncemented stone piers, with a road surface of logs and clay. This bridge was repaired after several piers fell down in 1828, and the bridge finally collapsed in 1831.

The sandstone bridge was built by convicts. It is the third oldest bridge still in use in Australia. The bridge was designed by architect John Lee Archer. Several attempts were made to build a new bridge. Corrupt officials sold materials the government had bought to make the bridge. Archer changed his designs, and a number of different overseers were put in charge. It was not until two convict stonemasons, James Colbeck and Daniel Herbert joined the building team that any progress was made. In 13 months they completed the bridge on which work had started seven years earlier. Herbert is responsible the detailed carvings along both sides of the bridge.
 The bridge was opened by the Governor of Tasmania, George Arthur, on 21 October, 1836. The bridge was registered on the Register of the National Estate in 1978.

References

Further reading about the Bridge

 R Smith, Early Tasmanian bridges, Launceston, 1969; 
 L Newitt, Convicts & carriageways, Hobart, 1988.

Other websites

 Tasmanian Times stories focusing on the likenesses of Jorgen Jorgenson
 Sydney Morning Herald Travel article about Ross
 Tasmanian visitors' guide tourism article about Ross 
 Ross Bridge on the Australian Heritage Database

Bridges in Australia
Stone bridges
Buildings and structures in Tasmania
1836 establishments
1830s establishments in Australia
Spean Praptos

Spean Praptos (Khmer: ស្ពានប្រាប់ទិស) is an ancient stone bridge in Cambodia. It is on the road from Angkor to Phnom Chisor, near the village of Kampong Kdei. It used to be the longest stone-arch bridge in the world. It has more than 20 arches spanning 285 ft (87m). The bridge was built in the 12th century during the reign of the Khmer emperor Jayavarman VII.

References

Archaeological sites in Asia
Stone bridges
Buildings and structures in Asia
12th-century establishments in Asia
Establishments in Cambodia
Carly Rae Jepsen

Carly Rae Jepsen (born November 21, 1985) is a Canadian singer-songwriter and actress.  She was born in Mission, British Columbia to Alexandra Lanzarotta and Larry Jepsen. She first came to public attention in 2007 by being a contestant on the fifth season of Canadian Idol, she came third. Her debut album Tug of War was released on 30 September 2008. In 2011 her single "Call Me Maybe" was released. It is the best selling single by a female artist of the 21st century. Her first EP Curiosity and her second album Kiss were both released in 2012. In 2015, she released Emotion, a pop album inspired by the music of the 1980s, which gained a cult following as well as very positive critical reviews. The album's first single "I Really Like You" charted in several countries such as the United Kingdom, where it reached number 3. She released her second EP Emotion: Side B in 2016 featuring eight tracks that were cut from Emotion.

Discography

Studio albums
Tug of War (2008)
Kiss (2012)
Emotion (2015)

Extended plays
Curiosity (2012)
Emotion: Side B (2016)

References

Other websites 

1985 births
Living people
Canadian pop singers
Canadian singer-songwriters
Musicians from British Columbia
Reality television participants
Richmond Bridge (Tasmania)

The Richmond Bridge is a historic bridge in Richmond,  north of Hobart in Tasmania, Australia. It is the oldest bridge still in use in Australia.

History
The foundation stone for the Richmond Bridge was laid on 11 December 1823 and the bridge was built by convicts. It was  completed in 1825. The bridge was originally named Bigge's Bridge after Royal Commissioner, John Thomas Bigge, who recognised the need for the bridge in 1820.

In 2005, the bridge was recognised as an outstanding historic place and added to the Australian National Heritage List.

Murder of George Grover
In 1832 a guard from the Richmond Gaol was murdered at Richmond bridge.  George Grover work including flogging (whipping) the prisoners. He was hated by the convicts. He died after being pushed off the edge of Richmond Bridge while drunk. No one was convicted of his murder.

Construction
The Richmond Bridge is made from sandstone dug at Butchers Hill, and carried by convicts using hand carts. It has four main arches, with spans of , , , ,  and . These arches rise from sloping fins with angular leading edges pointed to the flow of the river.

References

Other websites

 Discover Tasmania Website , Accessed May 2006.
 Tasmanian Communities Online , Accessed May 2006.
 Australian National Heritage listing for Richmond Bridge, last accessed 9 July 2008.
 Historic Richmond Bridge a National Heritage jewel , Australian Government Department of the Environment and Heritage, press release, 2005

Bridges in Australia
Buildings and structures in Tasmania
Stone bridges
1825 establishments
1820s establishments in Australia
Red Bridge (Tasmania)

The Red Bridge in Tasmania crosses the Elizabeth River at Campbell Town. It was built between 1836 and 1838 by convicts using red clay bricks made on site. It has a solid stone base with sandstone piers and cappings. It is the oldest brick arch bridge in Australia, as well as the oldest bridge anywhere on an Australian National Highway. The bridge has three arches with spans of  each. It is wide enough for two lanes of traffic as well as pedestrian walkways. It is on the Midland Highway, about halfway between Hobart and Launceston, and carries over two million vehicles per year.

It is said to have been designed by James Blackburn, an architect and a convict who had been sent to Tasmania for the crime of forgery. It was made from 1,250,000 hand-made bricks on dry land. After it was finished the course of the river was changed to flow under the bridge.

The Red Bridge is registered on the Register of the National Estate since 1978.

References

Other websites
 Bridge on the Australian Heritage Database

Bridges in Australia
Stone bridges
Buildings and structures in Tasmania
1838 establishments
1830s establishments in Australia
Cable-stayed bridge

A cable-stayed bridge is a bridge that has one or more columns (called towers or pylons), with cables directly supporting the bridge deck.

There are two main types of cable-stayed bridges. In the harp design, the cables are nearly parallel. This is done by attaching them to various points on the tower(s). The height of attachment of each cable on the tower is similar to the distance from the tower along the roadway to its lower attachment. In a fan design, the cables all connect to or pass over the top of the tower(s).

Compared to other bridge types, the cable-stayed is best for longer spans than used for cantilever bridges, and shorter than those needing a suspension bridge. Cantilever spans become too heavy if they were made longer. A cable-stay bridge is cheaper to build than a suspension bridge over a short distance.

Bridge types
Pontoon bridge

A pontoon bridge is a bridge that floats on water. It is a floating bridge with barges or boats ('pontoons') to support the bridge deck. 

Pontoon bridges are usually temporary structures, but some are used for long periods. Permanent floating bridges are useful for sheltered (quiet)  water-crossings. It may be too expensive to suspend a bridge from anchored piers. Pontoon bridges may need a section that is elevated, or can be raised or removed, to allow ships to pass.

Pontoon bridges are often used in wartime as river crossings. They are usually temporary, and are sometimes destroyed after crossing (to keep the enemy from using them), or collapsed and carried (if on a long march). They were used to great advantage in many battles. Pontoon bridges have been in use since ancient times. It is thought that the first London Bridge was a Roman pontoon bridge. Roman legions had men and equipment to build pontoon bridges, and often made them. The first pontoon bridge was made by the Zhou Dynasty.

References

Bridge types
Dallas Clark

Dallas Dean Clark (born June 12, 1979) is an American football tight end in the National Football League who is currently a free agent.  He played college football for the University of Iowa. He was drafted 24th overall in the 2003 NFL Draft, and played his entire nine-year professional career for the Colts.  He has been called a "hybrid" tight end due to his rare ability to play both the wide receiver and tight end positions well. However, injuries have made his career more difficult.

College Career
Clark played college football for the University of Iowa. Clark played for the Hawkeyes from 1999 through 2002. Clark was a first-team All-Big Ten selection, a first-team All-American, a John Mackey Award winner (2002, is given to the best tight end in college football. He won the Kenny Yana Award at the end of the 2002 season as well, as he helped lead Iowa to the Big Ten title and 11-2 record.

Professional Career

Indianapolis Colts
Clark was drafted by the Indianapolis Colts of the NFL in the 1st round (24th overall) of the 2003 NFL Draft. In Indianapolis, Clark wore #44. As a rookie, Clark started 10 games and had 340 receiving yards before his season ended with an injury. Clark continued his solid production over the next couple years, and in 2004 had an 80 yard touchdown, which is extremely rare for a tight end.

In 2006, Clark earned a Super Bowl ring when the Colts beat the Chicago Bears in Super Bowl XLI. That season, Clark had 30 catches for 367 yards and four touchdowns.

Clark had his best statistical season yet in 2007, with 58 catches, 616 yards, and 11 scores. Clark followed that up with 848 yards and six scores in the 2008 season.

2009 was Clark's best year. He had another 80 yard score, 100 catches, 1,106 yards, and 10 touchdowns and helped the Colts to another Super Bowl appearance.

Clark mist all but 6 games in 2010 because of anothe injury. This one was suffered against the Washington Redskins. Clark had 37 catches, 347 yards, and 3 scores in 2010 before the injury. Clark also suffered from injuries in 2011, with 34 catches, 352 yards, and two touchdowns before injury.

After a horrible 2011 season, the Colts were in a rebuilding mode. As well as releasing the legendary Peyton Manning, the team also released Clark on March 10, 2012.

Personal
Clark and his wife, Karen, live with their son, Dane, in Livermore, Iowa, USA and Zionsville, Indiana.
 Clark is a fan of the New York Mets.

References

Other websites
  Hawkeyes bio 
 Colts bio 
 Dallas Clark cut by Colts 

American football tight ends
Indianapolis Colts players
1979 births
Living people
People from Sioux Falls, South Dakota
Sportspeople from South Dakota
Marion Barber III

Marion Sylvester Barber III (born June 10, 1983) is a former American football running back in the National Football League. After playing college football for the Minnesota Golden Gophers, he was drafted by the Dallas Cowboys in the fourth round of the 2005 NFL Draft. He was selected to the Pro Bowl in 2007 during his six-year tenure with the Cowboys. He played for the Chicago Bears in 2011.

College
Barber played college football for Minnesota Golden Gophers. He had 35 rushing touchdowns, one more than his father, Marion Barber Jr. He and Laurence Maroney helped make the Golphers backfield one of the best in the NCAA.

Professional career

Dallas Cowboys
Barber was drafted by the Dallas Cowboys in the 4th round (109 overall) of the 2005 NFL Draft. Despite his talent, Barber's career has been harmed by injuries. he never rushed for 1,000 yards or over. He was voted to the Pro Bowl in 2007 after 204 rushing yards, 975 yards, and 10 touchdowns. He added 44 catches, 282 yards, and two receiving touchdowns in 2007.

Barber was released by Dallas after the 2010 season.

Chicago Bears
Barber was signed by the Chicago Bears as a backup to Matt Forte. His fumble against the Denver Broncos lost the game. In his only season in Chicago, Barber rushed for 442 yards and 6 touchdowns on 114 carries.

Retirement
On March 23, 2012, Barber announced his retirement. “I want to thank everyone who gave me the opportunity to play, and I’m very thankful to have had the chance to suit up for two of the NFL’s most storied organizations,” Barber said on the Bears' team website.

Personal
Barber is the older brother of Houston Texans safety Dominique Barber and the son of former New York Jets running back Marion Barber, Jr..

References
 Marion Barber among Dallas Cowboys to be released-ESPN
 Barber announces retirement-MSN

1983 births
Living people
American football running backs
Dallas Cowboys players
Chicago Bears players
Sportspeople from Minnesota
The Sixth Sense

The Sixth Sense is a 1999 American psychological horror thriller mystery movie. It is set in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and was directed by M. Night Shyamalan. It stars Haley Joel Osment and Bruce Willis.

It is the second highest-grossing horror movie of all time (behind It).

References

Other websites

1999 drama movies
1999 horror movies
1999 thriller movies
1990s drama thriller movies
1990s horror thriller movies
1999 mystery movies
1990s ghost movies
1990s psychological movies
1990s supernatural movies
American drama thriller movies
American ghost movies
American mystery movies
American psychological movies
English-language movies
Movies composed by James Newton Howard
Movies directed by M. Night Shyamalan
Movies set in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Murder-suicide in movies
Screenplays by M. Night Shyamalan
Supernatural horror movies
Orc

An Orc is a mythical creature. 

In the 20th century, orcs most often refer to the creatures in J. R. R. Tolkien's Middle-earth books. Tolkien's orcs are human-shaped creatures, and servitors of evil. 

The word can probably be traced to Orcus. This is a different name for Pluto or Hades. Pliny the Elder writes about orcs in his Naturalis historia. They are long-toothed sea monsters. Ludovico Ariosto (1474-1533)wrote an epic Orlando Furioso: There, the virgin Angelica is captured by a sea monster called orc. The hero, Rogero, is able to free her as he rode a Hippogriff. The Latin name of the Killer Whale, Orcinus orca is }likely to come from that story. There is another creature called orc in Orlando Furioso: a blind man-eating giant who abducts King Norandin of Damascus and his lover Lucina. This orc cannot be vanquished; only fooled by trickery.

There is another Orc that lives in the Alps. It is a demon living on mountain tops. It sometimes is described as protector of the forest. At other times it is said to be an evil spirit who brings doom to cattle and wild beasts.

From the early Middle Ages, the orc was seen as an evil creature, much like other creatures of Celtic origin.

Fictional races
Middle-earth
Hideo Shinojima

was a Japanese football player. He played for the Japan national team.

Biography
Shinojima was born in Nikko on January 21, 1910. In May 1930, when he was a Tokyo Imperial University student, he was selected the Japan national team for Far Eastern Championship Games in Tokyo and Japan won the championship. At this competition, on May 25, he debuted against Philippines. On May 29, he also played and scored a goal against Republic of China. He played 2 games and scored 1 goal for Japan in 1930.

After retirement, Shinojima joined Japan Football Association (JFA). In 1965, he became vice-present of JFA. In 1975, he resigned for health reasons.

On February 11, 1975, Shinojima died of heart failure in Minato, Tokyo at the age of 65. In 2006, he was selected Japan Football Hall of Fame.

Statistics

|-
|1930||2||1
|-
!Total||2||1
|}

References

Other websites

Japan Football Hall of Fame at Japan Football Association

1910 births
1975 deaths
Footballers from Tochigi Prefecture
Japan international footballers
Azimuntium

Azimuntium (Azimus, or Esimontou) was a fortified town in Thracian region near the Illyrian border of the Eastern Roman Empire (present day Greece). The town is described by the Greek historian Priscus of Panium as the being the only one of the 182 forts and castles of Thrace to resist during the Attilan War of 443-446 AD and separately negotiating an exchange of captives with Attila after the peace was declared in 446 AD.

The town is thought by Priscus to have still been in existence up the reign of the Emperor Justinian after which it "extirpated by the jealousy of the Roman princes". In Chapter 34 of his book "The history of the decline and fall of the Roman empire", Gibbons describes the town as follows:

Ancient Greece
Towns in Greece
Districts of Japan

were areas of  traditional local government in Japan before the Meiji period.  The function of districts has changed over time, but they continue to exist in contemporary Japan.  

Districts are not all the same size.  They are roughly equivalent to a county in the United Kingdom or the United States.  They are smaller than prefectures and larger than towns and villages.

History
Districts were established in the 8th century.  

Until the 10th century, the chief government official of a district (gun) was called the gunji.  During the Edo period, the head of a district (gun) was called the gundai.

Between 1878 and 1921, the Meiji period and Taishō period, districts were given specific powers and responsibilities which are now diffused.

Related pages

 List of regions of Japan
 List of islands of Japan
 Municipalities in Japan

References

 

ja:郡#日本の郡
Tokizo Ichihashi

was a Japanese football player. He played for the Japan national team.

Biography
Ichihashi was born in Hyogo Prefecture on June 9, 1909. He played for Keio BRB which was consisted of his alma mater Keio University players and graduates.

In May 1930, when Ichihashi was a Keio University student, he was selected the Japan national team for Far Eastern Championship Games in Tokyo and Japan won the championship. At this competition, on May 25, he debuted and scored a goal against Philippines. On May 29, he also played against Republic of China. He played 2 games and scored 1 goals for Japan in 1930.

Statistics

|-
|1930||2||1
|-
!Total||2||1
|}

References

Other websites

1909 births
Year of death missing
Footballers from Hyōgo Prefecture
Japan international footballers
Saizo Saito

was a Japanese football player. He played for the Japan national team.

Biography
Saito was born in Osaka Prefecture on September 24, 1908. He played for Kwangaku Club which was consisted of his alma mater Kwansei Gakuin University players and graduates. At the club, he won 1929 Emperor's Cup with Yukio Goto, Hideo Sakai and so on.

In May 1930, when Saito was a Kwansei Gakuin University student, he was selected the Japan national team for Far Eastern Championship Games in Tokyo and Japan won the championship. At this competition, on May 25, he debuted against Philippines. On May 29, he also played against Republic of China. He played 2 games for Japan in 1930.

After graduating from Kwansei Gakuin University, Saito retired playing career and want to England and studied football at University of Bristol. In 1933, he joined Osaka Mainichi Shimbun and he was engaged in the management and reporting of All Japan High School Soccer Tournament until 1940. After that, he worked at Hino Motors and some affiliates until 1989. He also served as the president at some Hino Motors affiliates.

Saito died in 2004.

Statistics

|-
|1930||2||0
|-
!Total||2||0
|}

References

Other websites

1908 births
2004 deaths
Footballers from Osaka Prefecture
Japan international footballers
Masao Nozawa

was a Japanese football player. He played for the Japan national team. His brother Akira Nozawa also played for Japan national team.

Biography
Nozawa was born in Hiroshima Prefecture. In May 1930, when he was a Tokyo Imperial University student, he was selected the Japan national team for Far Eastern Championship Games in Tokyo and Japan won the championship. At this competition, on May 25, he debuted against Philippines. On May 29, he also played against Republic of China. He played 2 games for Japan in 1930.

Statistics

|-
|1930||2||0
|-
!Total||2||0
|}

References

Other websites

Year of birth missing
Year of death missing
Footballers from Hiroshima Prefecture
Japan international footballers
Hiroshi Kanazawa

was a Japanese football player. He played for the Japan national team.

Biography
In May 1934, when Kanazawa was a Kyoto Imperial University student, he was selected the Japan national team for Far Eastern Championship Games in Manila. At this competition, on May 13, he debuted against Dutch East Indies. On May 15, he also played against Philippines. He played 2 games for Japan in 1934.

Statistics

|-
|1934||2||0
|-
!Total||2||0
|}

References

Other websites

Year of birth missing
Year of death missing
Japanese footballers
Japan international footballers
Yukio Goto

was a Japanese football player. He played for the Japan national team.

Biography
Goto was born in Kobe. He played for Kwangaku Club which was consisted of his alma mater Kwansei Gakuin University players and graduates. He won 1929 and 1930 Emperor's Cup at the club.

In May 1930, when Goto was a Kwansei Gakuin University student, he was selected the Japan national team for Far Eastern Championship Games in Tokyo and Japan won the championship. At this competition, on May 25, he debuted against Philippines. In 1934, he was also selected Japan for Far Eastern Championship Games in Manila. At this competition, he played 2 games as Japan team captain. He played 4 games for Japan until 1934.

Goto died in 1976.

Statistics

|-
|1930||2||0
|-
|1931||0||0
|-
|1932||0||0
|-
|1933||0||0
|-
|1934||2||0
|-
!Total||4||0
|}

References

Other websites

Year of birth missing
1976 deaths
Footballers from Hyōgo Prefecture
Japan international footballers
Akira Nozawa

was a Japanese football player. He played for the Japan national team. His brother Masao Nozawa also played for Japan national team.

Biography
Nozawa was born in Hiroshima Prefecture. In May 1934, when he was a Waseda University student, he was selected the Japan national team for Far Eastern Championship Games in Manila. At this competition, on May 13, he debuted against Dutch East Indies. He also played against Philippines and Republic of China. He played 3 games and scored 3 goals for Japan in 1934.

Statistics

|-
|1934||3||3
|-
!Total||3||3
|}

References

Other websites

Year of birth missing
Year of death missing
Footballers from Hiroshima Prefecture
Japan international footballers
Teiichi Matsumaru

was a Japanese football player. He played for the Japan national team.

Biography
Matsumaru was born in Bunkyo, Tokyo on February 28, 1909. He played for Keio BRB which was consisted of his alma mater Keio University players and graduates. At Keio BRB, he won 1932 and 1936 Emperor's Cup. He also played for Tokyo OB Club and won 1933 Emperor's Cup with Shigemaru Takenokoshi and Shiro Teshima.

In May 1934, Matsumaru was selected the Japan national team for Far Eastern Championship Games in Manila. At this competition, on May 13, he debuted against Dutch East Indies. He also played against Philippines and Republic of China. He played 3 games for Japan in 1934.

Matsumaru died on January 6, 1997 at the age of 87. In 2015, he was selected Japan Football Hall of Fame.

Statistics

|-
|1934||3||0
|-
!Total||3||0
|}

References

Other websites

Japan Football Hall of Fame at Japan Football Association

1909 births
1997 deaths
Footballers from Tokyo Prefecture
Japan international footballers
Convex function

In mathematics, a convex function is any function with value of the weighted average of 2 points is less than or equal to the weighted average of the function at those points.  Also, a function is convex if and only if its epigraph is a convex set.

Examples 
Three examples are:
 A line: 
 A parabola: 
 Absolute value: 

Functions and mappings
Koichi Oita

was a Japanese football player. He played for the Japan national team.

Biography
Oita was born in Tokyo Metropolis on April 9, 1914. In 1936, when he was a Tokyo Imperial University student, he was selected the Japan national team for 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin. At this competition, on August 4, he debuted against Sweden. Although he was a midfielder, he played as a defender. Japan completed a come-from-behind victory against Sweden. The first victory in Olympics for the Japan and the historic victory over one of the powerhouses became later known as "Miracle of Berlin" (ベルリンの奇跡) in Japan. In 2016, this team was selected Japan Football Hall of Fame. On August 7, he also played against Italy. He played 2 games for Japan in 1936.

After retirement, in 1947, Oita became a manager for new club Sumitomo Metal and managed until 1956.

September 11, 1996, Oita died of heart failure in Bunkyo, Tokyo at the age of 82.

Statistics

|-
|1936||2||0
|-
!Total||2||0
|}

References

Other websites

Japan Football Hall of Fame (Japan team at 1936 Olympics) at Japan Football Association

1914 births
1996 deaths
Footballers from Tokyo Prefecture
Japan international footballers
Footballers at the 1936 Summer Olympics
Weighted average

A weighted average is the average of values which are scaled by importance.  The weighted average equals the sum of weights times values divided by the sum of the weights.

Simple case
This collection of four integers is called a multiset because the integer  appears more than once:

The straight average (or arithmetic mean) of these four variables is the sum divided by :

In the above equation, we used the overline to express the fact that this is the average over four variables.  These variables can also be expressed using subscripts:

You get the same answer by calculating this as weighted average of three variables.  But you need to include a weight-value of  for the integer :

Here the hat  is used to mark weight values, which represent how many times each of the three values  appear.  While it is not common to put hats over numbers in calculations, this  representation allows us to see how the weights influence the calculation. We can also write the weighted average as:

In conclusion, we have shown how an arithmetic mean over four variables (1,3,3,5) can be understood as a weighted average over only three variables (1,3,5). This is accomplished by multiplying the repeated variable  by the number of times it is repeated (two).

Summation notation
To understand how to express this using summation notation, we shall place a tilde  over variables that involve the weighted average. First we define:

Note that the sum of the three weights equals : 

The ordinary average (with four terms) equals the weighted average (with three terms):

Simplify this by replacing  with the sum over all the weights:

Application to exam scores

Given two school classes, one with 20 students, and one with 30 students, the grades in each class on a test were:

Morning class = 62, 67, 71, 74, 76, 77, 78, 79, 79, 80, 80, 81, 81, 82, 83, 84, 86, 89, 93, 98

Afternoon class = 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 87, 88, 88, 89, 89, 89, 90, 90, 90, 90, 91, 91, 91, 92, 92, 93, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99

The straight average for the morning class is 80 and the straight average of the afternoon class is 90. The straight average of 80 and 90 is 85, the mean of the two class means. But this does not account for the difference in number of students in each class, so the value of 85 does not reflect the average student grade (independent of class). The average student grade can be calculated by averaging all the grades, without regard to classes (add all the grades up and divide by the total number of students):

Or, this can be accomplished by weighting the class means by the number of students in each class (using a weighted mean of the class means):

Thus, the weighted mean makes it possible to find the average student grade in the case where only the class means and the number of students in each class are available.

Related pages
Expected value

Mathematics
Epigraph (mathematics)

In mathematics, the epigraph of a function is the set of paired values so the output of the function at the first value is less than or equal to the second value.  In math terms this means  if and only if .

Mathematics
Kunitaka Sueoka

was a Japanese football player. He played for the Japan national team.

Biography
Sueoka was born in Hiroshima Prefecture on February 1, 1917. He played for Waseda University. He won 1938 Emperor's Cup with Sei Fuwa, Sekiji Sasano, Shogo Kamo, Hidetoki Takahashi and so on. He also won the 2nd place at 1939 Emperor's Cup. He also played for Waseda WMW which was consisted of his alma mater Waseda University players and graduates. At the club, he won the 2nd place at 1940 Emperor's Cup. This tournament was the last Emperor's Cup before the war because Emperor's Cup was suspended for World War II from 1941 to 1945.

On June 16, 1940, when Sueoka was a Waseda University student, he debuted for the Japan national team against Philippines and Japan won the match. This match was the first match since 1936 Summer Olympics and the only match in the 1940s in Japan's "International A Match" due to World War II.

Sueoka died in November 1998 at the age of 81.

Statistics

|-
|1940||1||0
|-
!Total||1||0
|}

References

Other websites

1917 births
1998 deaths
Footballers from Hiroshima Prefecture
Japan international footballers
Kim Sung-gan

Kim Sung-Gan (Hangul:김성간, November 17, 1912 – May 19, 1984)  was a South Korean athlete.  He is best known as an association football player. He was a member of the Japanese national team in 1940.

International career statistics

|-
|1940||1||0
|-
!Total||1||0
|}

References

Other websites

 Japan Football Association
 Japan National Football Team Database

1912 births
1984 deaths
People from Pyongyang
Japanese footballers
South Korean footballers
Japan international footballers
Taro Kagawa

was a Japanese football player. He played for the Japan national team. His brother Hiroshi Kagawa is a former footballer and football journalist.

Biography
Kagawa was born in Kobe on August 9, 1922. After graduating from Kobe University of Economics, he joined Tanabe Pharmaceutical in 1948. He also played for Osaka SC. At Osaka SC, he won the 2nd place at Emperor's Cup 3 times (1951, 1952 and 1953).

In March 1951, Kagawa was selected to the Japan national team for Japan's first game after World War II, at the 1951 Asian Games. At this competition, on March 7, he debuted against Iran. He also played at the 1954 Asian Games. He played 5 games for Japan until 1954.

Kagawa died on March 6, 1990 at the age of 67. In 2006, he was selected to the Japan Football Hall of Fame.

Statistics

|-
|1951||2||0
|-
|1952||0||0
|-
|1953||0||0
|-
|1954||3||0
|-
!Total||5||0
|}

References

Other websites

Japan Football Hall of Fame at Japan Football Association

1922 births
1990 deaths
Footballers from Hyōgo Prefecture
Japan international footballers
Tanabe Mitsubishi Pharma SC players