cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Beech

The Beech is a large tree in the genus Fagus in the plant family Fagaceae. There are about 10 species, all native to Europe, Asia, and North America.

The flowers are small and single-sex (monoecious), the female flowers are carried in pairs, the male flowers are wind-pollinating catkins, produced in spring shortly after the new leaves appear. The bark is smooth and light grey. The fruit is a small, sharply three–anglend nut 10–15 mm long. The nuts are edible, though bitter (though not nearly as bitter as acorns). They have a high tannin content, and are called beechnuts or beechmast.

Beech grows on a wide range of soil types, acid or basic, provided they are not wet for long periods. The tree canopy casts a heavy shade, and the leaves, when dropped, cover the ground thickly. Few plant grow under beech trees.

In North America, they often form Beech-Maple forests by growing together with the Sugar Maple.

Uses of Beechwood
The beech has been used for its wood by man for thousands of years. The wood is white, or reddish if grown on acid soil, but fine grained, smooth and heavy when first cut. It may split as it dries. It is a good wood for making ornaments, tool handles, kitchen utensils, furniture and parts of buildings. Beechwood burns well and is used, among other woods, to smoke herrings in Scotland. It can also be made into charcoal.

Southern Beech
The southern beeches Nothofagus previously thought closely related to beeches, are now treated as members of a separate family, Nothofagaceae. They are found in Australia, New Zealand, New Guinea, New Caledonia, Argentina and Chile (mostly on the southern tip in Patagonia and Tierra del Fuego).

Pests and Diseases
The beech blight aphid (Grylloprociphilus imbricator) is a common pest of beech trees. Beeches are also used as food plants by some species of butterflies and moths (see List of moths and butterflies that feed on beech trees).

References

World Heritage Sites
Fagales
Fagales

The Fagales are an order of flowering plants, including some of the best known trees. The order name is derived from genus Fagus, Beeches. They belong among the rosid group of dicotyledons. The families currently included are as follows:

 Betulaceae - Birch family
 Casuarinaceae - She-oak family
 Fagaceae - Beech family
 Juglandaceae - Walnut family
 Myricaceae - Bayberry family
 Nothofagaceae - Southern beech family
 Rhoipteleaceae - Rhoiptelea family
 Ticodendraceae - Ticodendron family
Bioethics

Bioethics is a field of ethics in philosophy that studies the ethical, legal and social issues in medicine and biology. It is often used to study how the new discoveries in science will affect humans, animals and nature.

Related pages 
Abortion
Biotechnology
Clone
Euthanasia
Medical ethics

Medicine
Ethics
Caricaceae

Caricaceae is a family of flowering plants in the order Brassicales, found in tropical regions of Central and South America and Africa. They are short-lived evergreen pachycaul shrubs or small trees growing to 5–10 m tall; many bear edible fruit.

The family comprises six genera and about 34-35 species:
 Carica – one species Carica papaya (Papaya), Americas
 Cylicomorpha – two species, Africa
 Horovitzia – one species, Mexico
 Jacaratia – eight species, Americas
 Jarilla – three species, Americas
 Vasconcellea – 20-21 species, Americas

Plant families
Brassicales
Pollen

Pollen is a powder made of pollen grains, which produce sperm cells (male cells used for reproduction) of seed plants. The pollen grains are actually haploid male gametophytes.

In flowering plants

Development of pollen grains 
The anther contains microsporangia. Each microsporangium contains pollen mother cells. These undergo meiosis, and produce pollen grains, which produce the male gametes (sperm).

The pollen is released by the opening of the anther. The pollen is carried by some agent (wind, or some animal) to the receptive surface of the carpel of the same or another flower. This process is known as pollination. After successful pollination, the pollen grain (immature microgametophyte) completes its development by growing a pollen tube and undergoing mitosis to produce two male gametes.

Pollination 

There are two main kinds of pollination. One kind happens when pollen from a stamen sticks to the pistil of the same plant. That is self-pollination.

The other kind of pollination takes place when pollen from one plant travels to the pistil of another plant. Most plants use this kind of pollination. Plants need help for this kind of pollination, because they cannot move. So, they need another way to move pollen from one plant to another plant.

The wind helps move pollen between plants. The pollen of some plants is very light. Wind blows it from the flowers on one plant to the flowers on another plant. The wind can move pollen a long way before the pollen hits the sticky top of a pistil.

Animals also help move pollen between plants. Many flowers are colourful and their scent attracts some animals. These flowers also make a sweet juice called nectar. Sometimes an animal, such as a bee, sees or smells a flower. Then, it lands on the flower to get nectar. As the bee drinks the nectar, the stamens brush pollen onto its body. Then, the bee flies to another flower that has a pistil. The pollen on the bee's body brushes onto the sticky top of the flower's pistil. The pollen is used as protein for the bee larvae.

The plants help feed the animal. In return, the animal helps the plants by moving pollen from flower to flower. The relationship has evolved together; it is a kind of co-evolution called mutualism or symbiosis.

References

Flowers
Plant anatomy

mzn:گرده (نمین)
We Ski

We Ski, also known as Family Ski in Japan and Europe is a video game for the Wii. It is the first third-party game (and second game behind Wii Fit) released that makes use of the Wii Balance Board.

A sequel, We Ski & Snowboard, which adds snowboarding to the game, was released in Japan November 13, 2008.

References

Other websites 
Official Website
We Ski  at IGN

Wii games
Wii-only games
2008 video games
Denison, Texas

Denison is a city in Grayson County, Texas, United States. The amount of people living there was 22,773 at the 2000 census, but had increased to an estimated amount of 24,103 in July 2007. It is one of two principal cities in the Sherman-Denison Metropolitan Statistical Area.

The city of Denison was founded in 1872 in conjunction with the MKT or "Katy" depot It was named after the rich Katy vice President George DenisonBecause the town was made at the intersection of the MKT and the Red River (both important conduits of transportation in the industrial era), it came to be an important commercial center in the 19th century American West.

History
The name of Denison was given by French people because during the 19th century a horticulturalist from this place saved the grapes of France. During the same century a famous president of the USA, Dwight David Eisenhower was born there. The next century has contributed to Denison history because there was a conflict about some artworks that showed up in Denison in the 1980s.

Demographics
Denison contains a population of around 24,000. For females we have 12,704 (52.9%) and for males 11,297 (47.1%). Median resident age is estimated at 38.5 years. In 2000, median house value was estimated at $52,100 and in 2008 median house hold income was estimated at $38,843.

Politics
Denison is a city of Texas. It has its own mayor named Robert Brady. Denison and all the state of Texas have two representative senators: John Coryn and Key Bailey Hutchison.

Culture

The diversity of religions and the government laws create the spread of different cultures and arts. Therefore, Denison was designated by the Texas Commission on the Arts as one of seven pilot cities for the Texas Arts and Cultural District in September 2009.

Cities in Texas
1872 establishments in the United States
1870s establishments in Texas
Mentha

Mentha (mint) is a genus of about 25 species (and many hundreds of varieties) of flowering plants in the family Lamiaceae (Mint Family). Mint leaves are used for flavoring, such as in mint chocolate chip ice cream, mint chutney, and mint tea.

Species 

Lamiaceae
Herbs
Lamiales

The order Lamiales is a taxon in the asterid group of dicotyledonous flowering plants. It includes about 11,000 species divided up into about 10 families. A few well-known members of this order are the lavender, the lilac, the olive, the jasmine, the ash tree, the teak, the snapdragon, and a number of table herbs such as mint, basil, and rosemary.

References

 

az:Lamiid
Lamiaceae

Lamiaceae or Labiatae, also known as the mint family, is a family of plants. It includes about 210 genera and about 3,500 species. It has been considered closely related to Verbenaceae but 1990s phylogenetic studies have shown that a lot of the genera classified in Verbenaceae belong instead in Lamiaceae, whereas the core genera of Verbenaceae are not closely related to Lamiaceae and are more closely related to other members of the Lamiales.

Genera

References

Lamiaceae
Nepeta

Nepeta is a genus of about 250 species of flowering plants in the family Lamiaceae. 

Some members of this group are known as catnip or catmint because of their effect on house cats. The oil in the leaves of some Nepeta species gives cats euphoria, that is, it makes them feel good. They get a "high", roll around, and may cry out, jump and behave in an unusual way.

REferences 

Lamiaceae
Garden angelica

Garden angelica (Angelica archangelica; syn. Archangelica officinalis Hoffm., Archangelica officinalis var. himalaica C.B.Clarke, Angelica sativa Mill.) is a biennial plant from the umbelliferous family Apiaceae. Other English names are Holy Ghost, Wild Celery, and Norwegian angelica.  

People can eat the stem and roots.  It looks very similar to some poisonous species (Conium, Heracleum, and others).  Because of this it is important to know for certain it is garden angelica before eating it.

During its first year it only grows leaves.  The flowers blossom in July.  There are many small flowers that are yellowish or greenish in colour.

It grows wild in Finland, Sweden, Norway, Denmark, Greenland, the Faroe Islands and Iceland, mostly in the northern parts of the countries.

From the 10th century on, angelica was grown as a vegetable and medicinal plant.  It is used to flavour liqueurs or aquavits, omelettes, trout and jam. The long bright green stems are also candied and used as decoration.

References

Other websites 
 GRIN: Angelica archangelica

Apiaceae
Rosemary

Rosemary () is a woody, perennial herb with fragrant evergreen needle-like leaves. It is native to the Mediterranean region. It is a member of the mint family Lamiaceae, which also includes many other herbs.

Cultivation
Numerous cultivars have been selected for garden use. The following are frequently sold:
Albus- white flowers
Arp- leaves light green, lemon-scented
Aureus- leaves speckled yellow
Benenden Blue - leaves narrow, dark green
Blue Boy - dwarf, small leaves
Golden Rain - leaves green, with yellow streaks
Irene - lax, trailing
Lockwood de Forest - procumbent selection from Tuscan Blue
Ken Taylor - shrubby
Majorica Pink - pink flowers
Miss Jessop's Upright - tall, erect
Pinkie - pink flowers
Prostratus
Pyramidalis (a.k.a Erectus) - pale blue flowers
Roseus - pink flowers
Salem - pale blue flowers, cold hardy similar to Arp
Severn Sea - spreading, low-growing, with arching branches; flowers deep violet
Tuscan Blue - upright

Images 

Herbs
Lamiaceae
Liquorice

Liquorice (UK) or licorice (US) (see spelling differences) (, or ) is the root of Glycyrrhiza glabra, from which a sweet flavour can be extracted. The liquorice plant is a legume (related to beans and peas) and native to southern Europe and parts of Asia. It is an herbaceous perennial, growing to 1 m in height, with pinnate leaves about 7–15 centimetres (3–6 inches) long, with 9–17 leaflets. The flowers are 0.8–1.2 cm (1/3 to 1/2 inch) long, purple to pale whitish blue, produced in a loose inflorescence. The fruit is an oblong pod, 2–3 centimetres (about 1 inch) long, containing several seeds.

Faboideae
Spices
Faboideae

Faboideae is a subfamily of the flowering plant family Fabaceae or Leguminosae. An acceptable alternative name for the subfamily is Papilionoideae, or Papilionaceae when this group of plants is treated as a family.

This subfamily is widely distributed and members are adapted to a wide variety of environments. Faboideae may be trees, shrubs or herbs. The flowers are usually papilionaceous and root nodulation is very common. Vetch, Laburnum, and Sweet pea are all members of Faboideae.
Galegeae

Galegeae is a tribe of the subfamily Faboideae.  The tribe is found mostly in the northern hemisphere, but can also be found in Australia, Africa, and South America.  The type genus is Galega.

Classification
 Subtribe Alhagiinae
 Alhagi Gagnebin
 Subtribe Astragalinae
 Astragalus L.
 Biserrula L.
 Calophaca Fisch. ex DC.
 Caragana  Fabr.
 Chesneya Lindl. ex Endl.
 Gueldenstaedtia Fisch.
 Halimodendron Fisch. ex DC.
 Oxytropis DC.
 Spongiocarpella Yakovlev & N. Ulziykh.
 Subtribe Coluteinae
 Clianthus Sol. ex Lindl.
 Colutea  L.
 Eremosparton Fisch. & C.A.Mey.
 Lessertia  DC.
 Oreophysa (Bunge ex Boiss.) Bornm.
 Smirnowia Bunge
 Sphaerophysa DC.
 Swainsona Salisb.
 Subtribe Galeginae
 Galega L.
 Subtribe Glycyrrhizinae
 Glycyrrhiza L.

Faboideae
Glycyrrhiza

Glycyrrhiza is a genus of about 18 species in the family Fabaceae (Leguminosae). It is found in Asia, Australia, Europe, and the Americas. It is best known for liquorice (British English; licorice in American English), which is the product of G. glabra, a species from the Mediterranean region. Very little G. glabra is grown in North America, but American Licorice G. lepidota is a common native species there.  Russian Liquorice (G. echinata) and  Chinese Liquorice (G. uralensis, Chinese: gāncǎo, 甘草 lit. "sweet grass" or "sweet herb") are also grown, the latter being important in traditional Chinese medicine.

Species include:
Glycyrrhiza acanthocarpa
Glycyrrhiza aspera
Glycyrrhiza astragalina
Glycyrrhiza bucharica
Glycyrrhiza echinata - Russian liquorice
Glycyrrhiza eglandulosa
Glycyrrhiza foetida
Glycyrrhiza foetidissima
Glycyrrhiza glabra - liquorice, licorice
Glycyrrhiza gontscharovii
Glycyrrhiza iconica
Glycyrrhiza korshinskyi
Glycyrrhiza lepidota - American licorice
Glycyrrhiza pallidiflora
Glycyrrhiza squamulosa
Glycyrrhiza triphylla
Glycyrrhiza uralensis - Chinese liquorice
Glycyrrhiza yunnanensis

Faboideae
Medicinal plants
Cumin

Cumin (Cuminum cyminum)  sometimes spelled cummin is a flowering plant, native from the east Mediterranean to East India. Its seeds are used in the cuisines of many different cultures. The use of cumin is very common in Indian and Pakistani foods.

Apiaceae
Spices
Savory (herb)

Satureja is a genus of aromatic plants of the family Lamiaceae, related to rosemary and thyme. There are about 30 species called savories, of which Summer Savory and Winter Savory are the most important in cultivation.

Selected species

 Satureja acinos
 Satureja alpina
 Satureja coerulea
 Satureja cuneifolia
 Satureja douglasii – Yerba Buena (syn. S. chamissonis)
 Satureja hortensis – Summer Savory
 Satureja mexicana
 Satureja montana – Winter Savory
 Satureja multiflora – Chilean Shrub Mint
 Satureja palmeri (believed extinct; rediscovered 2001)
 Satureja rumelica
 Satureja spicigera
 Satureja thymbra
 Satureja viminea – Serpentine Savory
 Satureja viminea
 Satureja vulgaris – Wild Basil

Lamiaceae
Herbs
Superchunk

Superchunk is an American indie rock band.  Superchunk first came together in 1989 in Chapel Hill, North Carolina with Mac McCaughan singing and playing guitar, Laura Balance playing bass, Jack McCook playing guitar and Chuck Garrison playing drums.  The members of the band are now Mac McCaughan, Laura Balance,  Jon Wurster playing drums and Jim Wilbur playing guitar.

Superchunk is well known for their style of loud and fairly simple songs that are about things that happen in ordinary life.

For their self-titled first album, Superchunk was signed to Matador Records.  Starting with their next album, No Pocky for Kitty, they have released all of their albums on a label they made themselves called Merge Records.

American rock bands
American punk bands
Indie rock bands
Musical groups from North Carolina
Semi-automatic firearm

A semi-automatic, or self-loading firearm is a gun that requires only a trigger pull for each round that is fired, unlike a single-action revolver, a pump-action firearm, a bolt-action firearm, or a lever-action firearm, which require the shooter to manually chamber each successive round.  Also, unlike a double-action revolver, power from one shot is used load the next, instead of using power from pulling the trigger.

Firearms
Semi-automatic rifle

A semi-automatic rifle is a type of rifle that fires a single bullet each time the trigger is pulled, without the need manually to operate a bolt, lever, pump or other firing or loading mechanism. Such a rifle can fire single rounds like this until the firearm's bullets in the cartridges is gone. On the other hand, a fully automatic weapon (a machine gun, for example) keeps firing until the trigger is released, and can fire hundreds of shots for every trigger press.

Rifles
Bolt action

A bolt action gun has a breech (back part of the barrel) that is opened and closed by hand with a small handle. They can only be fired once before the breech must be opened for a new round to enter the chamber, where it can then be fired from. Many older sniper rifles, as well as many hunting rifles today, work in this way.

When the bolt is opened, the first cartridge in the gun is loaded.  After firing the gun, opening the bolt takes out the empty cartridge, and closing the bolt puts in a new one. Bolt action rifles are usually the most accurate type of small arms, leading them to be used widely as marksman rifles.  The rifle won't cycle a round without the shooter doing it manually, causing less movement of parts and gases while the round is being fired.  This improves accuracy, but also increases recoil compared to automatic rifles of the same caliber.

Despite being significantly slower to fire than lever-action rifles, which were invented around the same time, militaries across the world chose to replace their muzzleloader muskets with bolt action guns rather than lever action ones, because bolt action rifles are loaded over the barrel.  This allows easier loading by a shooter lying on the ground, without affecting aim.  With lever action guns, on the other hand, the ground is in the way of loading downwards, and to load the gun would mean to throw off the shooter's aim since the gun must be turned sideways.

Famous bolt action rifles include the Springfield M1903, the G98, the Lee-Enfield, and the Mosin-Nagant.

Firearms
Trigger (firearms)

A trigger is a mechanism that you pull on a firearm to shoot. Triggers almost always have levers or buttons for the index finger.

Firearm components
Diatomic molecules

Diatomic molecules are molecules made only of two atoms, of either the same or different chemical elements.
Two atoms are bonded together to form a unit known as a diatomic molecule.

Examples are hydrogen (H2), nitrogen (N2) and oxygen (O2), and carbon monoxide (CO).

References 

Stereochemistry
Fragile Future

Fragile Future is the third album by Hawthorne Heights. It was released in 2008. It was their first album without Casey Calvert, because he died in late 2007. Casey was the backing vocalist who used death growls in the songs. This album has no death growls or harsh vocals at all because the band decided not to replace Casey with a new person who could do death growls.

Hawthorne Heights did not have a lot of success on the singles, but it was seen as a new start for the band.

While much of the album was inspired by things that had been happening to the band, it never says the words "Casey" or "Victory Records"

The album art includes a picture of Casey Calvert near a lamppost.

Track listing 
"The Business of Paper Stars" - 3:47
"Rescue Me" - 3:08
"Until the Judgement Day" - 3:45
"Somewhere in Between" - 3:22
"Sugar in the Engine" - 4:29
"Desperation" - 3:28
"Four Become One" - 3:55
"321" - 3:40
"Disaster" - 3:01
"Let Go of Everything You Know" - 3:25
"Corps of Corpses" - 3:12
"Come Back Home (Reprised)" - 4:11

2008 albums
Hawthorne Heights albums
Dundalk

Dundalk () is a town in County Louth, Republic of Ireland, near the border with Northern Ireland. It takes its name from , "Dalga's fort" and officially became a town in 1189. It is located at a ford on the Castletown River. The town's crest reads "Mé do rug Cú Chulainn Cróga"  (I gave birth to brave Cú Chulainn)
Dundalk is twinned with the town of Rezé in France.

Dundalk has a large population of 29,037 inhabitants.  In 2003, Dundalk was amongst nine cities and towns to be given "Gateway status" in the Irish Government's "National Spatial Strategy". "Gateway towns" will be the first to get funding for improving their towns.

References 

County towns in Ireland
County Louth
County Louth

County Louth () is a county on the east coast of Ireland, on the border with Northern Ireland.

The county town is Dundalk, which is also the largest town in Louth. Most people that live in Louth live in the two biggest towns, Dundalk and Drogheda. The 2006 Census showed that Dundalk and Drogheda as not only the largest towns in the Louth, but also the second and third largest towns in Ireland.

Louth is nicknamed "the Wee County" because it is the smallest county in Ireland ("wee" means small).

Where the name comes from
The old Irish name of the county Lughbhaidh comes from the place where people worshipped  the Celtic god  whose festival was celebrated at .

The name is now spelled as An Lú. This is just the modern way of spelling Lughbhaidh. 'Lú' means 'small' in Irish, but this is not where the name comes from.

History
The history of Louth goes back a long time. Before people wrote down histories and dates, a famous Irish story is supposed to have happened in Louth. It is called the Táin Bó Cúailge. In this story, a famous warrior called Cúchulainn fights a whole army by himself to protect a brown bull from being stolen.

There are some old monasteries in the county including Monasterboice and Mellifont Abbey

In the fourteenth century the Scottish army of Edward Bruce lost the Battle of Faughart near Dundalk. Edward was killed in the battle. Oliver Cromwell attacked Drogheda in 1649 killing the Royalist garrison (Siege of Drogheda).

Places in County Louth

Towns
Ardee
Drogheda
Dundalk
Dunleer
Greenore

References

Other websites
Omeath Online - Official Site of Omeath, Co. Louth
Carlingford Online - Carlingford Local and Tourist Site
Dunleer Parish
Louth Local Authorities
Drogheda Tourism - Official Site of the Drogheda Tourist Office

County Louth
Robot Chicken

Robot Chicken is an American adult animated stop-motion sketch comedy television series. It is shown on a part of Cartoon Network called Adult Swim. It was created by Seth Green and Matthew Senreich.

References 

2005 American television series debuts
2000s American comedy television series
2000s satirical television series
2010s American comedy television series
2010s satirical television series
Adult Swim
American animated television series
American satirical television series
English-language television programs
Victor Hammer (businessman)

Victor J. Hammer (November 1, 1901 – July 21, 1985) was a businessman, founder and owner of the Hammer Galleries in New York City. He was the younger brother of Armand Hammer.

Victor attended Princeton University, where he graduated in 1921 with a degree in Art History.

Victor was business partner to his brother Armand Hammer on several business ventures, including Hammer Galleries in New York City, founded in 1928 as a way to funnel profits made in Soviet Russia out of that country.  At one point, British Intelligence believed Hammer Galleries was a front for Soviet Intelligence.  The Hammer brothers had been in contact with Soviet authorities for a number of reasons, such as famine relief as well as when the Soviets sought a buyer for the treasures of the Hermitage as a way to earn hard currency.  Victor was responsible for acquisitions for Hammer Galleries, including the so-called Romanov Treasures and Fabergé eggs.  In 1937, Time Magazine described Victor and Armand as "Two of the most startling characters in the U. S. art world are the Brothers Armand and Victor Hammer, one with a medical degree, both friends of Soviet Russia.".

Victor Hammer was a prolific philanthropist.  He, along with his brothers Harry and Armand, purchased Campobello Island and donated it to the US and Canada as the countries' first joint park, known as Roosevelt Campobello International Park

References

Other websites
 Hammer Galleries, New York City

1901 births
1985 deaths
People from New York City
American philanthropists
MySims

MySims is a video game for the Wii and Nintendo DS.

2007 video games
Nintendo DS games
Windows games
The Sims
Wii games

de:Die Sims#MySims
The Sun (United Kingdom)

The Sun is a tabloid daily newspaper published in the United Kingdom and Ireland. By circulation it is the eighth largest newspaper in any language in the world. It is published by News Group Newspapers of News International, itself a subsidiary of Rupert Murdoch's News Corporation. The Sun has many different categories, for example Sport.

There is also a Scottish (The Scottish Sun), Irish (The Irish Sun) and Polish (the Polski Sun) edition. 

1964 establishments in the United Kingdom
Newspapers published in the United Kingdom
English-language newspapers
M2 Browning

The M2 Machine Gun, or Browning .50 Caliber Machine Gun is a heavy machine gun. It was nicknamed Ma Deuce by US troops or simply called "fifty-cal." due to its caliber.

John Moses Browning (1855–1926) of Ogden, Utah, was the inventor. His military arms were considered to be outstanding. German Field Marshal Hermann Göring said, "If the Luftwaffe (German Air Force) had the Browning .50-caliber, the Battle of Britain would have turned out differently". 

Browning began work on the .50-caliber machine gun in July 1917 and it was introduced in 1918. It was a belt-fed, automatic weapon that came in both air-cooled and water-cooled versions. The gun was capable of single-shot or fully automatic fire. The U.S. Army, Army Air Forces, and Navy all adopted it immediately. 

The Browning .50 caliber machine gun has been used as a vehicle weapon and for aircraft by the United States from the 1920s to the present day. It was used during World War II, the Korean War, the Vietnam War, as well as during operations in Iraq in the 1990s and 2000s. It is the primary heavy machine gun of NATO countries, and has been used by many other countries. It is still in use today, with only a few modern improvements. Right now, it is the longest serving machine gun in the US military.

References 

Heavy machine guns
Machine guns of the United States
Stealth technology

Stealth technology also known as LOT (Low Observability Technology) is a sub-discipline of military (like Army, Navy, Air Force, Marine, Coast Guard and National Guard in the North American United States) electronic countermeasures which covers a range of techniques used with aircraft, ships and missiles, in order to make them less visible. 

For example, stealth technology was developed to make aircraft difficult to detect with radar. 

Aircraft
Pakistan Peoples Party Parliamentarians

The Pakistan People's Party Parliamentarians (PPPP) is a political party created by Makhdoom Amin Fahim. The party is an electoral extension of the Pakistan Peoples Party.

Political parties in Pakistan
Bangladesh Nationalist Party

Bangladesh Nationalist Party (Bengali: বাংলাদেশ জাতীয়তাবাদী দল Bangladesh Jatiotabadi Dôl, BNP) is the immediate past ruling political party of Bangladesh.

Political parties in Bangladesh
Nationalist organizations in Bangladesh
Rosmarinus

Rosmarinus is a small genus of woody, perennial herb with fragrant evergreen needle-like leaves in the family Lamiaceae, native to the Mediterranean region.

Lamiaceae
Apiales

The Apiales are an order of flowering plants. The families given at right are typical of newer classifications, though there is some slight variation, and in particular the Torriceliaceae may be divided. These families are placed within the asterid group of dicotyledons.

Asterids
Apiaceae

Umbellifers (Umbelliferae/Apiaceae) are angiosperms including cumin, parsley, carrot, coriander/cilantro, dill, caraway, fennel, parsnip, celery, anise, and other relatives. It is a large family with about 300 genera and more than 3,000 species. It is the 16th-largest family of flowering plants, with more than 3,700 species in 434 genera. There are a small number of poisonous plants.  Hemlock has a paralysing effect. There are a lot of phototoxic species. Light causes changes which produce toxic chemicals. Phototoxicity causes a chemically induced skin irritation. It needs light, and does not involve the immune system. It is a type of photosensitivity.

Flower format 
The defining characteristic of the family is the inflorescence. The flowers usually grouped in terminal umbels, as shown in the photograph. They are usually compound, and called umbelliform cymes. They are groups of groups.

References
Angelica

Angelica is a genus of about 50 species of tall biennial and perennial herbs in the family Apiaceae, native to temperate and subarctic regions of the Northern Hemisphere, reaching as far North as Iceland and Lapland. They grow to 1-3 m tall, with large bipinnate leaves and large compound umbels of white or greenish-white flowers.

Species 
Some species can be found in Purple Moor and Rush Pastures.

Angelica ampla - Giant Angelica
Angelica archangelica - Garden Angelica, Archangel, Angelique
Angelica arguta - Lyall's Angelica
Angelica atropurpurea - Purplestem Angelica, Alexanders
Angelica breweri - Brewer's Angelica
Angelica californica - California Angelica
Angelica callii - Call's Angelica
Angelica canbyi - Canby's Angelica
Angelica cartilaginomarginata
Angelica dahurica - bai zhi in Chinese
Angelica dawsonii - Dawson's Angelica
Angelica dentata - Coastalplain Angelica
Angelica genuflexa - Kneeling Angelica
Angelica gigas - Cham dangwi in Korean
Angelica glabra - synonym for Angelica dahurica
Angelica grayi - Gray's Angelica
Angelica hendersonii - Henderson's Angelica
Angelica keiskei -- Ashitaba in Japanese
Angelica kingii - King's Angelica
Angelica lineariloba - Poison Angelica
Angelica lucida - Seacoast Angelica
Angelica pachyacarpa
Angelica palustris
Angelica pinnata - Small-leaf Angelica
Angelica pubescens
Angelica roseana - Rose Angelica
Angelica sinensis -  Dong quai
Angelica scabrida - Charleston Mountain Angelica
Angelica sylvestris - Wild Angelica
Angelica tomentosa - Woolly Angelica
Angelica triquinata - Filmy Angelica
Angelica venenosa - Hairy Angelica
Angelica wheeleri - Utah Angelica

References 

Apiaceae
Herbs
Blephilia

Blephilia (Downy Pagoda Plant or Wood Mint) is a genus of three species of flowering plants in the family Lamiaceae. They are all herbaceous plants native to eastern North America. The species are most often found in thin woods and in granite and limestone soils. Blephilia hirsuta and Blephilia ciliata are considered threatened or endangered in some states.

Species
Blephilia ciliata (Downy pagoda-plant)
Blephilia hirsuta (Hairy pagoda-plant)
Blephilia subnuda (Cumberland pagoda-plant)

References

Lamiaceae
Ballota

Ballota (horehound) is a genus of about 35 species of flowering plants in the family Lamiaceae, native to temperate regions of Europe, north Africa and western Asia, with the highest diversity in the Mediterranean region. They are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera including Coleophora case-bearers: C. ballotella, C. lineolea (which has been recorded on B. nigra) and C. ochripennella.

Species
Ballota acetabulosa
Ballota frutescens
Ballota hirsuta
Ballota nigra - Black Horehound
Ballota pseudodictamnus

The genus is closely related to Marrubium, with some species having been included in that genus in the past.

Lamiaceae
Agastache

Agastache, is a genus of 9–12 species of perennial herbs in the family Lamiaceae, native to eastern Asia (one species) and North America (the rest).

Lamiaceae
Herbs
Medicinal plants
Acrocephalus (plant)

Acrocephalus is a genus of plants in the family Lamiaceae, containing about 130 species.

Lamiaceae
Acinos

Acinos is a genus of ten species of annual and short-lived evergreen perennial woody plants native to southern Europe and western Asia. Its name comes from the Greek word akinos, the name of a small aromatic plant. They are small, tufted, bushy or spreading plants growing to 10–45 cm tall. The 2-lipped, tubular flowers are borne on erect sprikes in mid-summer.

Species
Acinos alpinus
Acinos arvensis
Acinos corsicus
Acinos rotundifolius
Acinos suaveolens

Lamiaceae
Acanthomintha

Acanthomintha is a genus of the Lamiaceae, or mint family.  The Acanthomintha genus is commonly referred to as Thornmint.  There are a number of species within this genus, including the endangered species Acanthomintha duttonii. All four thornmints are native to the California Floristic Province.  The origin of the genus name is from the identical Greek word meaning thornmint.

There are four species of Acanthomintha:

Acanthomintha duttonii (Abrams) Jokerst: San Mateo thorn-mint
Acanthomintha ilicifolia (Gray): San Diego thorn-mint, San Diego thornmint
Acanthomintha lanceolata (Curran): Santa Clara thorn-mint
Acanthomintha obovata (Jepson): San Benito thorn-mint

Lamiaceae
Franz von Papen

Franz Joseph Hermann Michael Maria von Papen zu Köningen (29 October 1879 - 2 May 1969) was a German nobleman, Catholic monarchist politician, General Staff officer, and diplomat. He was Chancellor of Germany in 1932 and as Vice Chancellor of Germany in 1933-1934. He was a member of the Catholic Centre Party of Germany until 1932. 

Papen was one the people who believed and said that they (the conservative elite and the military) could control Adolf Hitler when he becomes Chancellor of Germany; and was responsible for his rise to power along with Reich President Paul von Hindenburg, when he persuaded Hindenburg, that the other alternative to Hitler was Communist rule, which they saw as more dangerous. 

As a result, Hindenburg appointed Hitler as Chancellor on 30 January 1933. But von Papen's belief in controlling Hitler and his assurances to Hindenburg did not happen, because Hitler started to control them and gain more power. In March Hindenburg signed the Enabling Act of 1933 which gave special powers to Hitler and his government, and he became a dictator. Von Papen and the conservatives lost all influence, though most of them stayed as members in Hitler's cabinet with no powers, until the fall of the Third Reich.

Before and during World War II he was an ambassador, from 1934 to 1938 in Austria, and from 1939 to 1944 in Turkey.

Von Papen was one of the 24 people charged at the Nuremberg Trials. The court decided he was not guilty.

1879 births
1969 deaths
Chancellors of the Weimar Republic
Ambassadors of Germany
German military personnel of World War I
German Roman Catholics
Government ministers of Nazi Germany
Majors
Members of the Reichstag (Nazi Germany)
Members of the Reichstag (Weimar Republic)
Prime Ministers of Prussia
Politicians from North Rhine-Westphalia
Politicians of the Nazi Party
Vice Chancellors of Germany
Lemon balm

Lemon balm (Melissa officinalis) is a perennial herb in the mint family Lamiaceae, native to southern Europe and the Mediterranean region. It grows to 70–150 cm tall. The leaves have a gentle lemon scent, related to mint. At the end of the summer, little white flowers full of nectar appear and attract bees.  Its flavour comes from the terpenes citronellal, citronellol, citral, and geraniol.

Lamiaceae
Herbs
Bronchitis

Bronchitis is inflammation of the bronchi caused by irritation. It may also refer to acute bronchitis or chronic bronchitis. It can be caused by infection or other causes such as smoking, or being exposed to cigarettes.

Other websites
 NIH entry on Bronchitis
 MedlinePlus entries on Acute bronchitis and Chronic bronchitis
 Mayo Clinic factsheet on bronchitis

Health problems
Respiratory system
Kashmiri people

The Kashmiri people are a Dardic ethnic group living in the central valley of Kashmir in the disputed state of Jammu and Kashmir. They speak the Kashmiri language. Kashmiri is an Indo-Aryan language. The Kashmiris are also known as Koshur.

There are about 7.1 million people speaking the Kashmiri language. About 6.7 million of them live in Jammu and Kashmir, and about 350,000 in Azad Kashmir and the Federally Administered Northern Areas (FANA) in Pakistan.  Although all residents of Azad Kashmir call themselves 'Kashmiri', most residents of Azad Kashmir are not ethnic Kashmiris.

Notes

Bibliography 
Scholarly books

References

Ethnic groups in India
Hastings

Hastings is a town on the coast of East Sussex in England. It is the administrative centre for the borough of the same name.

Hastings gave its name to the Battle of Hastings in 1066.

Towns in East Sussex
Malvern College

Malvern College is a coeducational British public School, founded in 1865. It is in Malvern, Worcestershire.

Notable Old Malvernians 
This is a short list:
 Francis William Aston, Physicist, 1922 winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry
 Humphry Berkeley, politician, humourist
 Aleister Crowley, occultist
 J.F.C. Fuller, soldier, military historian, strategist, occultist
 Prince Christian of Hanover, and Prince Ernst August of Hanover
 Godfrey Martin Huggins, 1st Viscount Malvern, Prime Minister of Southern Rhodesia
 Arnold Jackson, 1912 Olympic 1500 m gold medallist, youngest ever British Army Brigadier-General, DSO with Three Bars.
 C. S. Lewis, novelist, scholar, Christian apologist
 James Meade, economist, 1977 winner of the Nobel Prize in Economics
 Dominic Sandbrook, historian and author
 Oliver Selfridge, computer scientist
 Alfred Stratford (1853 – 1914), England footballer and three times FA Cup winner with Wanderers F.C.
 John Wheeler-Bennett, historian

Other websites 
 Malvern College official web site 

Schools in England
1865 establishments in England
UN peacekeeping missions involving Pakistan

UN peacekeeping missions involving Pakistan covers a long and cherished history of Pakistani involvement with the United Nations. Pakistan joined the United Nations on 30th September, 1947. Since 1960, Pakistan has been actively involved in most of the UN Peacekeeping missions and today stands at the top with 10,175 troops and observers serving in current missions. Some of the major contributions were in Somalia, Sierra Leone, Bosnia, Congo and Liberia.

Pakistan
Pakistan Army

The Pakistan Army () is the largest branch of the Pakistani military set up, and is mainly responsible for protection of the state borders, the security of administered territories and for defending the national interests of Pakistan within the framework of its international obligations.

The main fighting regiments of the Pakistan Army comprise the Infantry and the Armoured Corps. The main Infantry regiments of the army are:
 The Punjab Regiment (Pakistan)
 The Frontier Force Regiment
 The Baloch Regiment
 The Azad Kashmir Regiment
 The Sindh Regiment

Armoured Corps units include:
 5th Cavalry
 6th Lancers
 11th Cavalry
 12th Cavalry
 13th Cavalry
 15th Cavalry
 19th Lancers
 Guides Cavalry

The Pakistan Army, along with the Pakistan Navy and the Pakistan Air Force, combine to make the world's sixth largest military force.

Every year in Pakistan, 6 September is celebrated as 'Defence of Pakistan Day', or 'Pakistan Army Day'.

References

Military of Pakistan
Armies
Web of the City

Web of the City (first called Rumble) is the first book that was written by Harlan Ellison.  The book follows the story of Rusty Santoro, a teenage member of the Cougars street gang in the 1950s Brooklyn, New York.  In order to create the book, Ellison spent time in a real street gang in Brooklyn.

1958 books
Brooklyn in fiction
Pakistani military

The Pakistan Armed Forces () are the overall unified military forces of Pakistan. The Pakistani military was first formed when the nation achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1947.

Its component branches are:

 Pakistan Army
 Pakistan Navy
 Pakistan Air Force
 Paramilitary forces of Pakistan
 Pakistan Coast Guard
 Pakistan Strategic Nuclear Command

 
Approximately 620,000 people are on active duty in the military which is the world's 7th largest armed force as of 2007. Combined with the 302,000 strong Paramilitary forces and the Coast Guard, the Military of Pakistan has a total size of nearly 1,000,000 people.

Military of Pakistan
Pakistan Navy

Pakistan Navy () is the naval branch of the military of Pakistan. It is responsible for the defense Pakistan's  coastline along the Arabian Sea and the defense of important harbors. It operates a wide range of ships ranging from cruisers to destroyers as well as submarines. Navy day is celebrated on September 8 in commemoration of the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965.

Navies
Military of Pakistan
Spider Kiss

Spider Kiss (first called Rockabilly) is a 1961 book that was written by Harlan Ellison.  The story follows the fast rise and fall of an early rock 'n' roll singer named Stag Preston.

1961 books
English-language novels
Pakistan Air Force

Pakistan Air Force (, Pak Faza'ya) (PAF) is the Aviation branch of the Pakistan armed forces and is responsible for defending Pakistani air-space from intrusions. It also provides air support for ground troops. Every year on the 7th of September, the day after the annual celebration of the Pakistan Defense Day, the day is celebrated as the Air Force day in Pakistan. That day air shows and other programs mark the PAF's role in defending the nation.

Air forces
Military of Pakistan
The Vines

The Vines are an Australian garage rock band from Sydney, Australia, notable for creating a musical combination of '60s rock and '90s alternative music. They have won an ARIA in 2002 for Breakthrough Artist and received nominations for six other awards in the same amount of years.

They also appeared on the cover of Rolling Stone in October 2002 (the first Australian band to do so since Men At Work in 1983) with the words "Rock is Back: meet the Vines" boldly emblazed underneath.

Discography

Studio albums
 2002: Highly Evolved
 2004: Winning Days
 2006: Vision Valley
 2008: Melodia
 2011: Future Primitive
 2014: Wicked Nature
 2018: In Miracle Land

Singles
 2001: Hot Leather/Sunchild
 2001: Factory
 2002: Highly Evolved
 2002: Get Free
 2002: Outtathaway!
 2003: Homesick
 2003: Fuck the World
 2004: Ride
 2004: Winning Days
 2006: Gross Out (Radio Promo Only)
 2006: Don't Listen to the Radio
 2006: Anysound
 2007: Dope Train (Video Promo Only)
 2008: He's a Rocker
 2008: MerryGoRound (Australian Radio-promo only)
 2008: Get Out
 2011: Gimme Love
 2011: Future Primitive
 2014: Metal Zone
 2016: In Miracle Land

Live recordings, compilations and demos
 2001: Five Track Demo / Six Track Demo
 2001: Mixes
 2002: This is Not the Vines Album
 2002: College EP
 2008: The Best of the Vines

References

Australian alternative rock bands
Post-grunge bands
Musical groups from Sydney
The Libertines

The Libertines were an indie rock band from London, England.  They were formed in 1997 and broke up in 2004. The Libertines released two albums. Their second album The Libertines went straight to number one in the UK. It is in the book 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die. The first single from the album, "Can't Stand Me Now", reached number two in the UK Singles Chart.

1997 establishments in England
2004 disestablishments in the United Kingdom
1990s British music groups
2000s British music groups
English rock bands
Musical groups established in 1997
Musical groups from London
The Hives

The Hives are a Swedish rock band that started in 1993 but rose to fame in the early 2000s as a leading group of the garage rock revival, playing garage punk. Their breakthrough came with the release of the "best-of" compilation Your New Favourite Band, featuring their most commercially successful song "Hate to Say I Told You So".

Members 
Howlin' Pelle Almqvist (Per Almqvist) – lead vocals
Nicholaus Arson (Niklas Almqvist) – guitar, keyboard
Vigilante Carlstroem (Mikael Karlsson) – guitar
Dr. Matt Destruction (Mattias Bernvall) – bass guitar
Chris Dangerous (Christian Grahn) – drums, percussion

Other websites 

 Official website 
 Interscope Records Official Site
 
 Live Footage of The Hives 

Swedish rock music groups
Punk bands
Interpol (band)

Interpol is an alternative rock band from New York City. Popular songs include Evil, PDA and NYC. The band's current members are Paul Banks, Daniel Kessler, and Sam Fogarino. Bassist Carlos Dengler departed the band in 2010.

Members 
Paul Banks is the artist name used by the lead vocalist and one of the guitarists in the band Interpol. He is American but was born in Clacton-on-Sea, Essex, England.  The family moved back to the USA, where his parents were from, when he was five. The family lived in Chicago, Illinois and Virginia Beach, Virginia. They also spent time in Europe and Tampico, Tamaulipas, Mexico before he attended college. 

He uses an alias in Interpol and in his solo work to separate life from work. In addition to Interpol, he has released one album, Julian Plenti Is... Skyscraper  in 2009 and one EP, Julian Plenti Lives... in 2012, using the name "Julian Plenti". He also released one album, Banks, in 2012, as "Paul Banks". A mixtape entitled Everybody on My Dick Like They Supposed to Be was made available to download on Datpiff in 2012. The tape has contributions from El-P, High Prizm, Talib Kweli and Mike G. 

Daniel Kessler - lead guitar.

Sam Fogarino - drums.

History 

Interpol formed in the 1997 at NYU and signed to Matador Records in 2002. Their first album, Turn On The Bright Lights was released on August 20, 2002, through Matador Records.  Well known singles and music videos from this album this include "Obstacle 1", "PDA" and "NYC". 

The band's second album, Antics  was released September 28, 2004, also through Matador Records. Well known singles and music videos from this album include "Slow Hands", "Evil" and "C'mere". The "Evil" music video, directed by Charlie White is perhaps Interpol's best known. It shows a lifelike puppet surviving a car wreck. The meaning behind the song is much discussed, though Interpol have denied that it is about serial killers.

The band's third album, Our Love To Admire was released July 10, 2007 through Capitol Records. Well known singles and videos from this album include "The Heinrich Maneuver", "No I Threesome" and "Rest My Chemistry".

In July 2010, Interpol announced the departure of bassist Carlos Dengler. The fourth album, Interpol, was released on September 7, 2010. Well known singles and videos from this album include "Barricade" and "Lights". The video for "Lights" was again directed by Charlie White.

The fifth album and most recent album, El Pintor, was released on September 8, 2014. Well known singles and videos from this album include "All The Rage Back Home", "My Desire" and "Everything Is Wrong".

Discography 
 Precipitate EP 
 Interpol EP (2002)
 Turn On The Bright Lights (2002)
 The Black EP (2003)
 Antics (2004)
 Our Love To Admire (2007)
 Interpol (2010)
 El Pintor (2014)
Marauder (2018)

References

Other websites

 Band website
 Interpol at Allmusic

1997 establishments in the United States
1990s American music groups
2000s American music groups
2010s American music groups
American rock bands
Musical groups established in 1997
Musical groups from New York City