cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Assassination of Julius Caesar

The assassination (murder) of Julius Caesar was the result of a conspiracy by forty Roman senators, the self-styled Liberatores. They were led by Cassius and Brutus.

The senators stabbed Caesar to death in the Theatre of Pompey on the Ides of March, 15 March 44 BC. Caesar was the dictator of the Roman Republic at the time. He had been declared dictator perpetuo (dictator for life) by the Senate. This declaration resulted in many senators fearing that Caesar wanted to overthrow the Senate in favour of a tyranny. 

The assassination led to civil war. The Second Triumvirate led to the ascendancy of Caesar's adopted heir Octavian to the position of emperor, and the end of the Republic leading to the Roman Empire. In the end, by murdering Caesar, the Liberators caused the end of the Republic they supported.

List of conspirators 
The known members of the plot were:
Gaius Cassius Longinus
Marcus Junius Brutus
Servius Sulpicius Galba
Quintus Ligarius
Lucius Minucius Basilus
Servilius Casca
Gaius Servilius Casca (Servilius Casca's brother)
Decimus Junius Brutus Albinus
Tillius Cimber
Caius Trebonius
Caecilius
Bucolianus (Caecilius' brother)
Rubrius Ruga
Marcus Spurius
Sextius Naso
Minucius Basilus
Pontius Aquila

44 BC
Ancient Rome
Julius Caesar
March events
Asclepias exaltata

Asclepias exaltata (also known as the poke milkweed or tall milkweed) is a species of milkweed plant. It is in the subfamily Asclepiadoideae.

The plant is found in eastern North America. It blooms from late spring to early summer. The flowers are green and white. Poke milkweed is found in moist woodland habitats. It grows well in moist soil and sunny or partly shaded places. It grows from 0.6 to 1.5 meters tall (2–5 feet).

References

Other websites

Asclepias exaltata at USDA PLANTS Database

e
Asclepias humistrata

Asclepias humistrata (also known as the sandhill milkweed or pinewoods milkweed) is a species of milkweed plant.  It belongs in the subfamily Asclepiadoideae.  It is native to the southeastern United States. It blooms in early summer. The flowers are pink. It is found in sandy woodlands and sandy hills. Sandhill Milkweed grows well dry soil and sunny places. It grows from 0.3 to 0.9 meters tall (1–3 feet).

References

Other websites

Asclepias humistrata at USDA PLANTS Database

h
Asclepias incarnata

Asclepias incarnata is a species of milkweed plant.  It is also known as the swamp milkweed, the rose milkweed, the pink milkweed, the swamp milkweed, and white Indian hemp.  It belongs in the subfamily Asclepiadoideae.  It is native to North America.  It blooms from June to August.  The flowers are pink. Swamp milkweed is found in wet meadows, prairies, swamps, and marshes.  It likes moist soil and sunny or partly shaded places.  It grows to a height of 0.3 to 1.5 meters (1–5 feet).<ref name=wc>William Cullina (2000). Wildflowers: A Guide to Growing and Propagating Native Flowers of North America. The New England Wildflower Society. </reb>

References

Other websites

Asclepias incarnata at USDA PLANTS Database
Asclepias incarnata at Evergreen Native Plant Database

i
Brand New Eyes

Brand New Eyes (written brand new eyes) is an album by the band Paramore. It was put out on September 29, 2009 in the United States and Canada. It has reached the top of the music charts in many countries, meaning many people bought the album.

References 

Paramore albums
2009 albums
Asclepias purpurascens

Asclepias purpurascens (also known as the purple milkweed) is a species of milkweed plant.  The species Asclepias cordifolia is also sometimes called purple milkweed.  It belongs in the subfamily Asclepiadoideae.  It is native to North America.  It blooms from June to July.  The flowers are a pink-purple color.  This species is found in savannas, prairies, and meadows.  Purple Milkweed likes to grow in clay or sandy soil and in sunny or partly shaded places.  It grows to a height of 0.6 to 1.2 meters (2–4 feet).

References

Other websites

Asclepias purpurascens at USDA PLANTS Database
Asclepias purpurascens at USDA PLANTS Database

p
Seizure response dog

A seizure response dog is a dog who is specially trained to help its owner during a seizure.  These dogs' jobs may include:
Getting help, by finding a human, hitting an alarm, or using a pre-programmed phone to call 911
Protecting their owner from getting hurt, either by pulling unsafe things away, or by blocking people who try to walk into obstacles and onto streets
Bracing the person having the seizure so they don't fall or hurt themselves, or turning the person on their side
Waking the unconscious owner during or after a seizure
Certain kinds of dogs are able to predict that a person is about to have an epileptic seizure.  This gives the person time to get to a safe place before the seizure starts.  Usually, people say that dogs develop this behavior spontaneously (on their own), or over some time. There have been some studies where dogs were trained to alert to seizures when they were given rewards for correctly predicting seizures - but these studies were only partly successful.  Some untrained dogs may help their owners during a seizure, but there are also reports of dogs that have reacted aggressively or even died as a result of witnessing or anticipating their owner's seizure.

References

Working dogs
Service animals
Asclepias syriaca

Asclepias syriaca (also known as the common milkweed, butterfly flower, silkweed, silky swallow-wort, and Virginia silkweed) is a species of milkweed plant. It belongs in the subfamily Asclepiadoideae.  It is native to North America.  It blooms from June to August.  The flowers are green and purple.  This species is found in prairies, meadows, and fields.  Common Milkweed likes damp to dry soil and sunny or partly shaded places.  It is about 0.5 to 1.5 meters in height (1½-5 feet).

References

Other websites

Asclepias syriaca at USDA PLANTS Database
Asclepias syriaca at Evergreen Native Plant Database

s
Guitar chord

A guitar chord is made up of two or more notes, played on a guitar at one time. Chord voicings, that is the choice of individual notes in the chord, can be changed for many different purposes and playing styles. 

The guitar is very capable and useful for playing chords; but it does have some differences with other instruments. Most guitars only have six strings. This means that for the very largest of chord-voicings it is often necessary to not use one or more tones from the chord. The layout of notes on the fretboard sometimes means that the notes in a chord are not played in tonal order, or make possible a chord that is composed of more than one note of the same pitch. Many chords can be played with the same notes in more than one place on the fretboard.

Guitars can vary both in the number of strings they have. They can also be tuned differently. Most guitars used in popular music have six-strings and are tuned : E-A-D-G-B-e. Usually the string with the highest pitch (the thinnest) is called the first string, and the string having the lowest pitch (the thickest) is called the sixth.

Guitars
Asclepias tuberosa

Asclepias tuberosa (also known as the butterfly flower) is a species of milkweed plant.  It belongs in the subfamily Asclepiadoideae.  It is native to North America.  It blooms from June to September.  The flowers are orange, red-orange, or yellow.  This species is found in prairies, meadows, and fields.  It likes well-drained soil and sunny or partly shaded places.  Butterfly Weed grows from 0.3 to 0.9 meters tall (1–3 feet).

It has many other names, including the butterfly weed, the Canada root, the chigger flower (or chiggerflower), the fluxroot, the Indian paintbrush, the Indian posy, the orange milkweed, the orange swallow-wort, the Pleurisy Root, the silky swallow-wort, the tuber root, the yellow milkweed, the white-root, and the windroot.

Common names 
Butterfly Weed has many common names.  Here is a list of them:
<div float="left">

 Canada Root
 Chigger Flower
 Chiggerflower
 Fluxroot
 Indian Paintbrush
 Indian Posy
 Orange Milkweed

 Orange Swallow-wort
 Pleurisy Root
 Silky Swallow-wort
 Tuber Root
 Yellow Milkweed
 White-root
 Windroot

References

Other websites 

 Asclepias tuberosa at USDA PLANT Database
 Asclepias tuberosa at Evergreen Native Plant Database

t
Intel Core i7

Intel Core i7 is a name that the company Intel uses for the computer processors it makes for high-end desktop and laptop computers and tablets. Intel uses this name for the fastest processors that they think will be used to build the most powerful consumer devices. The 'Core' part of the name, which refers to the processor's core, has been used by Intel since 2006, but the first Core i7 processor was released 3 years later in 2009. 

There are different types of Core i7 processor. The name does not name a type. Instead, it is the name for all of the fast processors that Intel thinks should be sold to consumers. Intel uses two other "Core i-" names for its processors for consumers: "Core i5" and "Core i3." The "Core i5" processors are mostly as fast as i7 processors, but lack the Hyper Threading technology which allows each core to be used twice simultaneously giving the impression of doubling the cores. 

Intel uses a different name, Xeon, for processors that Intel makes for "server" computers for businesses (and some rare laptops). Some of the "Core i7" processors are almost the same as some of the "Xeon" processors, but each of the Xeon processors is a little bit different than the "Core i7" processor, because a "server" computer is not the same as a consumer computer. Intel also makes other "Xeon" processors that are not the same as any "Core i7" processor. Unlike the Core i7, Xeon processors support ECC (error corrected) memory, and multiple CPUs on the same motherboard.

References

Intel Core processors

en:Intel Core#Core i7
Asclepias verticillata

Asclepias verticillata (Whorled Milkweed or Horsetail Milkweed) is a particular kind of milkweed used as a medicinal plant. It is native to North America. It blooms in the summer. The flowers are white or pale green. It is found in fields, open woodlands, and prairies. Whorled Milkweed likes dry soil and sunny or partly shaded places. It grows from 0.3 to 0.9 meters tall (1–3 feet).

References 

v
Sacred dance

Sacred dance is a kind of dance that  all movements that are religious in nature.  An example of a sacred dance is the dance done by a whirling dervish.

Ritual dances
Population genetics

Population genetics is the branch of genetics which studies the genetic composition of populations. It brings together genetics, evolution, natural selection, breeding, statistics and mathematics. Mathematical and computer models are produced, and field research is done to test the models.

"Population geneticists spend most of their time doing one of two things: describing the genetic structure of populations, or theorizing on the evolutionary forces acting on populations.

A brief history 
Starting, perhaps, with G. Udny Yule's paper in 1902, population theorists tackled key issues in genetics and evolution. G.H. Hardy and Wilhelm Weinberg showed that if a population had random mating, no selection, migration or mutation, then the proportion of alleles would remain the same generation after generation. This was the Hardy–Weinberg law, the first great result of this new field of research.

Population genetics made great progress from 1918 to 1937. During this period, Ronald Fisher, J.B.S. Haldane and Sewall Wright worked on the connection between evolution and genetics, using new mathematical techniques, such as statistical probability. E.B. Ford and Theodosius Dobzhansky did field research on the genetics of natural populations of lepidoptera and Drosophila, respectively. Broadly speaking, this work proved that the newly rediscovered Mendelian genetics could be reconciled with Darwinian evolution. This laid the groundwork for the modern evolutionary synthesis, which took place in the following years, from about 1937 to 1953.

In the second half of the 20th century, population geneticists tackled a range of complex evolutionary problems, such as the evolution of sex, sexual selection, kin selection (altruism), mimicry and molecular evolution. The key figures included John Maynard Smith, Motoo Kimura and William Hamilton. Techniques developed for population genetics help to decide what contribution heredity and environment make in developmental biology.

Genetic hitch-hiking and selective sweep 
These concepts apply when a mutation is strongly favoured and "pulls along" nearby genes on its chromosome. The genes pulled along are genes which are previously under little selection. In a selective sweep, positive selection causes the new mutation to reach fixation (be the only allele present at that locus in all members of the population) so quickly that linked alleles can "hitchhike" and also become fixed. Evidence is growing that this effect does happen.

References 

Classical genetics
Evolutionary biology
Fields of mathematics
Statistics
Calotropis gigantea

Crown flower (Calotropis gigantea) is a species of plant.  It is also known as Giant Milkweed.  It belongs in the subfamily Asclepiadodeae.  It is native to southeast Asia.  It has been naturalized in Hawai'i.

Other websites

Calotropis gigantea at USDA PLANTS Database
Calotropis gigantea at Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk
Calotropis gigantea at Purdue University: New Crop Resource Online Program

Gentianales
Calotropis procera

Apple of Sodom (Calotropis procera) is a species of plant.  It is also known as Roostertree.  It belongs in the subfamily Asclepiadoideae.  

It is native to North Africa, Central Africa, Western Asia, South Asia, and Indochina. It has been naturalized in Puerto Rico, the United States Virgin Islands, Hawai'i, and southern California.

Other websites 

 Calotropis procera at USDA PLANTS Database

Gentianales
Plants of Asia
Cynanchum laeve

Sand Vine (Cynanchum laeve) is a species of plant.  It is also known as Honeyvine, Honeyvine Milkweed, Bluevine Milkweed, Climbing Milkweed, and Smooth Swallow-wort.  It belongs in the subfamily Asclepiadoideae.  It is native to North America.  It blooms from June to August.  This species is found in a variety of habitats such as edges of woodlands, near stream edges, gardens, and fields.  This vine can grow to be 6 or more feet long.

Other websites

Cynanchum laeve at USDA PLANTS Database
Cynanchum laeve at Kansas Wildflowers and Grasses 

Gentianales
Hardy–Weinberg law

The Hardy–Weinberg law was developed independently by an English mathematician, G.H. Hardy, and a German doctor, Wilhelm Weinberg. This concept is also known as the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium, Hardy–Weinberg theorem or Hardy–Weinberg principle. Sometimes Weinberg's name is placed first. 

The law is a foundation of population genetics, and it is still taught to students today. It states that the proportions of alleles of all genes in any population will remain the same unless perturbed (disturbed). That applies to all loci on all chromosomes in the population. Possible perturbations are:
♦ gene mutation
♦ natural selection
♦ small population size where random effects like genetic drift and inbreeding may occur. H/W populations are assumed to be infinite in size.
♦ assortative mating instead of random mating. In effect, this would split the population down into small groups, see item above.
♦ migration into or out of the population under study.

It follows that any systematic change in the frequency of alleles in a population must be due to the effect of one or more of these causes. Of course, like all aspects of Mendelian inheritance, the expected proportions of alleles are probabilities. It was for that reason that statistical tests of significance, such as standard errors, were developed.

Although all changes must be due to perturbations, not all perturbations lead to changes. The classic case is balancing selection, such as heterozygote advantage: "Heterosis: the heterozygote at a locus is fitter than either homozygote". Balancing selection leads to an equilibrium population with Hardy–Weinberg proportions

Generalisation 
The law permits the prediction of genotype frequencies from a knowledge of gene frequencies. 
If alleles A and a are in the proportions p and q, the three zygotic types AA, Aa, and aa are in the proportions p2: 2pq: q2. 
Thus, equations can be written in terms of allele frequencies, and hypotheses about how phenotypes are inherited can be tested from population data.

References 

Classical genetics
Evolutionary biology
G.H. Hardy

Geff Harold Hardy FRS (7 February 1877 Cranleigh, Surrey – 1 December 1947 Cambridge, Cambridgeshire) was a famous English mathematician. He investigated number theory and mathematical analysis.

Hardy's classic text A course of pure mathematics was first published in 1908 and has been in print ever since. He wrote A Mathematician's Apology in 1940.

In 1908, unable to explain how a dominant gene would not become ubiquitous in a population, Reginald Punnett introduced his problem to Hardy, with whom he played cricket. Hardy went on to formulate what became known as the Hardy–Weinberg law.

Hardy had a long collaboration with J.E. Littlewood, which resulted in a partial solution to a famous unsolved problem in number theory:
"There are infinitely many primes p such that p+2 is also prime".
Hardy discovered the Indian mathematician Srinivasa Ramanujan, who was a brilliant student. Hardy saw his extraordinary intelligence and they worked together on many mathematical subjects. In an interview given to Paul Erdős, Hardy said that the discovery of Ramanujan was his (Hardy's) greatest contribution to mathematics and that their collaboration was "the one romantic incident in my life".

Related pages
Taxicab number

References

English mathematicians
1877 births
1947 deaths
British number theorists
Sarcostemma clausum

White Vine (Sarcostemma clausum) is a species of plant.  It is also known as White Twinevine.  It belongs in the subfamily Asclepiadoideae.  It is native to southeastern United States and Texas.

Other websites

Sarcostemma clausum at Atlas of Florida Vascular Plants
Sarcostemma clausum at USDA PLANTS Database

Gentianales
Centre Georges-Vézina

The Centre Georges-Vézina, called the Colisée de Chicoutimi at first, is an arena in Chicoutimi, Quebec, Canada that has space for 4,651 pepple (including 3,683 seats). It where the Chicoutimi Saguenéens ice hockey team play. It is named for Georges Vézina, who played for the Montreal Canadiens as the goaltender and was from Chicoutimi. The arena was built in 1949 and has an ice surface of 200 feet by 100 feet, which is what the Olympics use.

Indoor arenas
Sports buildings in Canada
1949 establishments in Canada
Apocynum cannabinum

Apocynum cannabinum (commonly known as Indian hemp) is a species of plant.  It is also known as Dogbane, Amy Root, Hemp Dogbane, Rheumatism Root, and Wild Cotton.  It is native to all of North America.  It blooms from June to August.  This species is found in moist lowlands, near stream edges, and near pond edges.  It likes to grow in sandy or gravelly soil.  Its height is 1–4 feet.

Other websites

Apocynum cannabinum at USDA PLANT Database
Apocynum cannabinum at Kansas Wildflowers and Grasses 
Apocynum cannabinum at Evergreen Native Plant Database

Gentianales
Outcrossing

Outcrossing is a term used in genetics for the mating of unrelated individuals in a population or species. It was originally used for the crossing of an inbred strain with the wild type. Hybrid vigour is the great improvement in fitness which usually occurs as a result of outcrossing a previously inbred line.

Outcrossing leads to random mating, whereas mating of relatives leads to inbreeding.

References 

Classical genetics
San Francisco Ballet

The San Francisco Ballet (SFB) is a ballet company. It was founded in 1933 as part of the San Francisco Opera Ballet. The company is based in the War Memorial Opera House in San Francisco, California under the direction of Helgi Tomasson who has been directing it since 1985. SFB is the first professional ballet company in the United States.

References

Other websites 
 San Francisco Ballet website

1933 establishments in the United States
Companies based in San Francisco
1930s establishments in California
Corner Gas

Corner Gas was a Canadian sitcom that was on television from 2004 to 2009. It was set in the fictional town of Dog River, Saskatchewan and was shot in Rouleau, Saskatchewan. It stared Canadian comic Brent Butt. On April 6, 2009, Saskatchewan premier Brad Wall declared that April 13 would be "Corner Gas Day" in Saskatchewan. The show has won numerous awards and nominations including: 9 Canadian Comedy Awards and 6 Gemini Awards, It has also been nominated for an International Emmy Award in 2004.

References

Other websites
 Corner Gas' Official website
 Corner Gas' Comedy Network profile

Sitcoms
Saskatchewan
2000s Canadian television series
2004 television series debuts
Spider monkey

Spider monkeys are New World monkeys, genus Ateles. They are small monkeys, well suited to living in trees. In fact, they rarely come down to the ground. These monkeys move quickly through trees by swinging and jumping from branch to branch.

Spider monkeys are found in rainforests in southern Mexico to the northern part of South America. Spider monkeys live in groups or bands of 10 to 40 monkeys. Every band lives in its own territory and one band of monkeys will not enter the territory of another band. Spider monkeys have one offspring per year. They live between 20 to 27 years, or more.

Diet
Spider monkeys eat fruit, nuts, leaves, and small eggs.
Usually the leader female of the whole group is responsible for finding and gathering all the food for the rest of the group. When there is not enough food, they sometimes eat bark, or honey, or insects.

Physical description 
Spider monkeys are extremely quick, and they have long, thin fingers with almost no hair at all. Unlike other monkeys, they use their tail much more than their fingers, and their tails are longer than their bodies. These tails can grasp and pick things up.

They have long, spindly limbs, which explains the spider monkey's common name. Their tails are fully prehensile, meaning they can pick things up with it, and they can swing from it. The tail, which may be up to  long, is very flexible, with hairless tips and skin grooves similar to fingerprints. This adaptation to their strictly arboreal lifestyle serves as a fifth hand. They are clumsy on the ground.

References 

New World monkeys
Asian Boyz

The Asian Boyz is a street gang in Los Angeles, California that formed after an attack by the Tiny Raskal Gang that killed four people. At first, the gang was made up of young Cambodian refugees. The gang wears navy blue colors. The age of the Asian Boyz is between age 10 – 40 years of age. Their enemies are the Tiny Raskal Gang, Latin gangs, and all of the blood gangs. The Urban Dictionary lists the Asian Boyz as being the second biggest gang of Asian people and the 12th biggest gang in the USA. 

In 1995 the Asian Boyz killed at least five people, including three teenagers who died in a car crash on the freeway after being shot at by the gang. In 1998, one of the gang members, Truong Dinh, gave evidence in court about several murders by the gang. To try and stop Dinh from talking in court, the gang shot dead his father on the day before the trial.

References

American criminals
People from Los Angeles
Peleus

Peleus (, Pēleus) was  one of the early Greek heroes. Peleus was the son of Aeacus, king of the island of Aegina, and Endeïs, the nymph of Mount Pelion. Alongside his brother Telamon, he joined the hero Jason as one of the Argonauts on the quest to find the Golden Fleece. He was the husband of the Nereid Thetis, by whom he is the father of Achilles. 

People in Greek mythology
Banker horse

The Banker horse is a breed that used to be domesticated, but now roams wild on North Carolina's Outer Banks.

Footnotes

References 
 

Bibliography

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Horse breeds
E. B. Ford

Edmund Brisco Ford FRS (23 April 1901 – 2 January 1988) was a British ecological geneticist. He was a leader among those British biologists who investigated the role of natural selection in nature. As a schoolboy Ford became interested in lepidoptera, the group of insects which includes butterflies and moths. He went on to study the genetics of natural populations, and invented the field of ecological genetics. Ford was awarded the Royal Society's Darwin Medal in 1954. Later, in 1968, he was awarded UNESCO's Kalinga Prize for the popularisation of science.

Career 
Specialising in genetics, he was appointed Oxford University Reader in Genetics in 1939 and was the Director of the Genetics Laboratory, 1952–1969, and Professor of Ecological Genetics 1963–1969. Ford was one of the first scientists to be elected a Fellow of All Souls College since the seventeenth century.

Ford had a long working relationship with R.A. Fisher. By the time Ford had developed his formal definition of genetic polymorphism, Fisher had got accustomed to high selection values in nature. He was most impressed by the fact that polymorphism concealed powerful selective forces (Ford gave human blood types as an example). Like Fisher, he continued the natural selection versus genetic drift debate with Sewall Wright, whom Ford believed put too much emphasis on genetic drift. It was as a result of Ford's work, as well as his own, that Dobzhansky changed the emphasis in the third edition of his famous text from drift to selection.

Ford predicted that human blood group polymorphisms might be maintained in the population by providing some protection against disease. Six years after this prediction it was found to be so, and furthermore, heterozygous advantage was decisively established by a study of AB x AB crosses. His magnum opus was Ecological genetics, which ran to four editions and was widely influential. He laid much of the groundwork for subsequent studies in this field, and was invited as a consultant to help set up similar research groups in several other countries.

Amongst Ford's many publications, perhaps the most popularly successful was the first book in the New Naturalist series, Butterflies. Ford also went on in 1955 to write Moths  in the same series, one of only a few to have authored more than one book in the series.

Ecological genetics 
E.B. Ford worked for many years on genetic polymorphism.  Polymorphism in natural populations is frequent; the key feature is the occurrence together of two or more discontinuous forms of a species in some kind of balance. So long as the proportions of each form is above mutation rate, then selection must be the cause. As early as 1930 Fisher had discussed a situation where, with alleles at a single locus, the heterozygote is more viable than either homozygote. That is a typical genetic mechanism for causing this type of polymorphism. The work involves a synthesis of field research, taxonomy, and laboratory genetics.

References 

1901 births
1988 deaths
English evolutionary biologists
English geneticists
Ecology
English science writers
Aster (genus)

Aster is a genus of flowering plants.  It belongs in the family Asteraceae.  The genus once had nearly 600 species in Eurasia and North America.  After morphologic and molecular research on the genus during the 1990s, it was decided that the North American species are better treated in a series of other related genera.  After this split there are about 180 species within the genus.

Common species 
Here is a list of some common species:
 Aster alpinus - Alpine Aster
 Aster amellus - European Michaelmas Daisy or Italian Aster
 Aster linosyris - Goldilocks Aster
 Aster pringlei
 Aster scaber
 Aster sibiricus
 Aster subulatus - Hairless Fleabane
 Aster tataricus - Tatarian Aster
 Aster tongolensis
 Aster tripolium - Sea Aster

Common North American species 
Here is a list of some common North American species that are no longer in the genus Aster:
 Aster breweri (now Eucephalus breweri) - Brewer's Aster
 Aster cordifolius (now Symphyotrichum cordifolium) - Blue Wood Aster
 Aster divaricatus (now Eurybia divaricata) - White Wood Aster
 Aster ericoides (now Symphyotrichum ericoides) - Heath Aster
 Aster laevis (now Symphyotrichum laeve) - Smooth Aster
 Aster lateriflorus (now Symphyotrichum lateriflorum) - Lady in Black, Calico Aster
 Aster novae-angliae (now Symphyotrichum novae-angliae) - New England Aster
 Aster novi-belgii (now Symphyotrichum novi-belgii) - New York Aster
 Aster peirsonii (now Oreostemma peirsonii) - Peirson's Aster
 Aster pilosus (now Symphyotrichum pilosum) - Frost Aster
 Aster scopulorum (now Ionactis alpina) - Lava Aster

References

Other websites 
 Aster at Ontario Wildflowers

Asteraceae
Akihabara Station

Akihabara Station(秋葉原駅,あきはばらえき) is a railway station of JR East, Tokyo Metro, and Metropolitan Intercity Railway Company in Chiyoda, Tokyo, Japan.

Neighbor
JR East
Keihin-Tōhoku Line
 Rapid
Tokyo - Akihabara - Ueno
 Local
Kanda - Akihabara - Okachimachi
Yamanote Line
Kanda - Akihabara - Okachimachi
Chūō-Sōbu Line
Asakusabashi - Akihabara - Ochanomizu
Tokyo Metro
Hibiya Line
Kodenmachō (H-14) - Akihabara (H-15) - Naka-Okachimachi (H-16)
Metropolitan Intercity Railway Company
Tsukuba Express
Rapid, Semi Rapid, Local 
Akihabara (01) - Shin-Okachimachi (02)

Related pages

Railway stations in Tokyo
Borderline (song)

"Borderline" is a popular song by American singer Madonna. It was released in 1984.

Charts

References

1984 songs
Madonna songs
Takadanobaba Station

Takadanobaba Station (高田馬場駅,たかだのばばえき) is a railway station of JR East, Tokyo Metro, and Seibu Railway in Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan.

Adjacent stations
JR East
Yamanote Line
Shin-Ōkubo - Takadanobaba - Mejiro
Tokyo Metro
Tōzai Line
Ochiai (T-02) - Takadanobaba (T-03) - Waseda (T-04)
Seibu Railway
Seibu Shinjuku Line
Ltd Express "Koedo"
Seibu Shinjuku - Takadanobaba  - Tokorozawa
Ltd Express "Kawagoe"
Seibu Shinjuku - Takadanobaba  - Tanashi 
Commuter Express, Expless, Semi Expless
Seibu Shinjuku - Takadanobaba  - Saginomiya 
Local
Seibu Shinjuku - Takadanobaba  - Shimo-Ochiai

Other websites

Railway stations in Tokyo
Meet Me Halfway

Meet Me Halfway is a very popular song by music group The Black Eyed Peas. It was the third single released off of their album The E.N.D..

References

The Black Eyed Peas songs
2009 songs
Rockford IceHogs

The Rockford IceHogs are an American professional ice hockey team that was founded in 2007 they play in the American Hockey League and are the farm team of the Chicago Blackhawks. They play in Rockford, Illinois at the Rockford MetroCentre. They were a member of the United Hockey League from 1999 to 2007.

Other websites
Rockford IceHogs Official Site
The Internet Hockey Database - Rockford IceHogs (AHL)
The Internet Hockey Database - Rockford IceHogs (UHL)
Rockford IceHogs Official Twitter

American Hockey League teams
Chicago Blackhawks
Ice hockey teams in the United States
Rockford, Illinois
2007 establishments in Illinois
Belfast Agreement

The Belfast Agreement, also known as the Good Friday Agreement, was a political agreement in the Northern Ireland peace process during The Troubles. It was signed in Belfast on 10 April 1998 (Good Friday) by the British and Irish governments and it was supported by most of the political parties in Northern Ireland. On 23 May 1998 the Agreement got the support of the voters of Northern Ireland in a referendum. Also on the same day, voters in the Republic of Ireland voted separately to change their constitution in line with the Agreement. Northern Ireland's Democratic Unionist Party (DUP) was the only large party in the whole of Ireland that was against the Agreement.

1990s treaties
1998 in the United Kingdom
1990s in Northern Ireland
Politics of Northern Ireland
Politics of Ireland
Belfast
Democratic Unionist Party

The Democratic Unionist Party (DUP) is the biggest of the two main unionist political parties in Northern Ireland. It was founded by Ian Paisley and the current leader is Edwin Poots. It is the largest political party in Northern Ireland, with 10 of 18 Northern Irish seats in the UK Parliament as well as 28 of 90 seats in the Northern Ireland Assembly. They strongly support Northern Ireland staying in the United Kingdom, and are very conservative.

Political parties in Northern Ireland
Tokyo Metro Tōzai Line

The Tōzai Line (東京メトロ東西線,とうきょうメトロとうざいせん) is a metro line of Tokyo Metro in Tokyo, Japan.

Stations 
 ▲: Tōyō Rapid, Rapid and Commuter Rapid trains pass
 ■: Tōyō Rapid and Rapid trains pass

Rolling Stock
Tokyo Metro 05 series
Tokyo Metro 07 series
Tokyo Metro 15000 series

Former Trains 
Tokyo Metro 5000 series

Related pages
 Tokyo

Japanese railways
Tokyo
Andrew Ladd

Andrew Ladd (born December 12, 1985) is a Canadian professional ice hockey centre. He currently plays for the New York Islanders of the National Hockey League (NHL). He has also played for the Carolina Hurricanes, Atlanta Thrashers, Winnipeg Jets, and Chicago Blackhawks.

He played minor league hockey on the Pacific Vipers with his former teammates Troy Brouwer, Brent Seabrook and Colin Fraser. He won the Stanley Cup in 2006 with the Carolina Hurricanes and again in 2010 with the Chicago Blackhawks. He also played in the NHL for the now defunct Atlanta Thrashers.

On February 25, 2016, the Jets traded Ladd back to the Blackhawks, along with Jay Harrison and Matt Fraser, in exchange for Marko Daňo and a 1st-round draft pick in the 2016 NHL Entry Draft.

References

Other websites 

1985 births
American Hockey League players
Atlanta Thrashers players
Canadian ice hockey left wingers
Carolina Hurricanes players
Calgary Hitmen players
Chicago Blackhawks players
Ice hockey people from British Columbia
Living people
New York Islanders players
Stanley Cup champions
Vancouver Giants players
Winnipeg Jets players
Dipsacus fullonum

Fuller's Teasel (Dipsacus fullonum) is a species of plant.  It is also known as Wild Teasel.  It belongs in the teasel family (Dipsacaceae).  

It is native to Eurasia and Africa, and has been naturalized in the Americas, southern Africa, Australia, and New Zealand.  This species grows to a height of 2–10 feet. The flowers are small and lavender-colored. They are arranged in an oval flower-head, which also contains many small leaves. These are hard and have a hooked and pointed tip. 

In ancient times, this plant was grown in gardens because its dry flower-heads were used to prepare wool for spinning. This was done by combing the raw wool with the flower-heads, so that the fibres were arranged neatly. The people who prepared wool were called "fullers", which is the origin of the plant's English and scientific names. Fuller's Teasel was also used in folk medicine, for example against skin infections.

Other websites

Dipsacus fullonum at USDA PLANTS Database 
Dipsacus fullonum at Kansas Wildflowers and Grasses 

Dipsacales
Medical illustrator

A medical illustrator or medical artist is an artist that professionally works to use art to help to explain and record knowledge related to biology and medicine.  They don't only make these things, but they can also work as consultants or administrators in the field of biocommunication.  They make medical pictures using original and modern ways of doing things.  These pictures appear in textbooks and advertisements about medicine, as well as professional journals and videos made to help instruct people in various medical procedures.

History
Medical pictures or diagrams have been made for hundreds of years or longer.  Many of these pictures or diagrams look different than the ones that we see today because they were based on the studies of the scholars of that period in time rather than observing the thing that they wanted to draw directly.

As a job, medical illustration has a more recent history. In the late 1890s, Max Brödel, who was an artist from Leizpig, was brought to the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine to draw pictures for several notable clinicians, including Harvey Cushing, William Halstead, and Howard Kelly.

Max Brödel also made several new techniques for drawing medical pictures, such as carbon dust.  He also looked over the making of first academic department of medical illustration, which is still active today.

Other websites
 Article about Medical Illustrators on mshealthcenteers 

Scientists
1916 Stanley Cup Finals

The 1916 Stanley Cup Final was played between the National Hockey Association (NHA) winners Montreal Canadiens and the Pacific Coast Hockey Association (PCHA) winners Portland Rosebuds. This was the first time that a best-of-five Cup series had all five games played. The Rosebuds were the first team from the United States to play for the Cup. The Canadiens defeated the Rosebuds three games to two and won the Cup for the first time.

Montreal Canadiens
Stanley Cup Finals
1910s in Canada
1916 in the United States
History of Portland, Oregon
20th century in Oregon
Conyza canadensis

Canadian Horseweed (Conyza canadensis) is species of plant.  It is also known as Canadian Fleabane, Coltstail, and Marestail.  It belongs in the family Asteraceae.  It is native to North America and Central America.  It has been naturalized in Alaska and Hawai'i.  It blooms from June to September.  This species is found in prairies, fields, along roadsides, gardens, and stream edges.  It has a height of 3 inches to 10 feet.

Other websites 

 Conyza canadensis at USDA PLANTS Database
 Conyza canadensis at Kansas Wildflowers and Grasses 

Asteraceae
The Twilight Saga: New Moon

The Twilight Saga: New Moon is a movie based on the book, New Moon, one of the Twilight saga books by Stephenie Meyer. It is the second movie to be made about the teenage vampires, the first being Twilight. The movie, directed by Chris Weitz, stars Kristen Stewart as Bella, and Robert Pattinson as Edward. Filming for the third movie in the series, Eclipse, started before New Moon was finished.

In the USA the movie made $140.7 million on its opening weekend. In Australia, the movie set the record for the most money on an opening weekend with AU$16.01 million, or more than one million tickets.
Twilight is about a girl (Bella) who falls in love with two guys (Edward a vampire & Jake a ware wolf) Bella sacrafises her life when she gets married to Edward.She then gets pregnant with Edwards child which sucks the life of her . As she gives birth to her baby she dies that's when Edward has to bring her back to life by bitting her and adding his venom on her in order for her live

References 

2009 movies
Movies based on books
Treaty of Maastricht

The Treaty of Maastricht was a treaty signed between European countries, in the Dutch city of Maastricht, on 7 February 1992. This treaty made possible further integration between European states, and made possible the existence of the European Union, doing better than previous treaties such as the Treaty of Rome. European integration went even further with the Treaty of Lisbon, which was signed in 2007 and became effective in December 2009.

Maastricht
1992 in Europe
Maastricht
20th century in the Netherlands
1992 works
Treaty of Lisbon

The Treaty of Lisbon was signed on 13 December 2007 between 27 European states that are members of the European Union (EU). It became effective on December 1, 2009. It is now the document that defines the Union, but it is not a constitution. It gives a common set of rules that the member states have agreed to use on subjects where they have decided to work together. It does better than previous treaties such as the Treaty of Rome and the Treaty of Maastricht. It gives the European Union new things, such as:

 a President of the European Council (who is not the President of the European Union – there is no such job).
 a High Representative for Common Foreign and Security Policy, who is a member of the European Commission and who represents the Union around the world.
 stronger role for the European Parliament, which is directly elected by citizens of the EU,
 the ability to make more decisions by "qualified majority". Although some decisions require that all member states agree, there are more that can be decided if there is a large majority. 
 better police and justice across the continent.

Sources 
Booklet by the European Commission available on europa.net

References

European Union
Lisbon
2007 in Europe
President of the European Council

The President of the European Council is a position that was created by the Treaty of Lisbon. The President is the chairman of the European Council, which is the meeting of the leaders of all the member states.

Background
It's a very diplomatic figure, and it's not like a head of state: the President does not have any power to make decisions about the European Union. The Union has several other presidents, such as the president of the European Parliament and the president of the European Commission.
But the President of the European Council, casually but wrongly known as The President of Europe, is the face by which the European Union is known to the rest of the world. The more practical aspects of this task are the responsibility of the High Representative for Common Foreign and Security Policy, the Commissioner responsible for external affairs.

On 2 July 2019, the European Council elected Belgian Prime Minister Charles Michel as the successor to Donald Tusk as President of the European Council for the period from 1 December 2019 to 31 May 2022.

List of president

Rotating presidents (1975–2009)

Permanent presidents (since 2009)

References

2009 establishments in Europe
European Union
High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy

The High Representative for Common Foreign and Security Policy is a position created by the Treaty of Lisbon, starting December 1, 2009 (it was actually already created in 1999). The position is part of the European Commission. 

Her duty is to be the face of European Union to the rest of the world, along with the President of Europe

The job is sometimes known casually a "the European Foreign Minister" but this is not correct because she is not a member of any government.

High Representatives:
 Jürgen Trumpf (acting, from Germany): 1999
 Javier Solana (from Spain): 1999-2009
 Catherine Ashton (from the United Kingdom): 2009-2014
 Federica Mogherini (from Italy): 2014-present

European Union
Catherine Ashton

Catherine Margaret Ashton, Baroness Ashton of Upholland,  (born 20 March 1956 at Upholland, Lancashire) is a British Labour politician. She was born in Upholland, Lancashire, England. In November 2009, she was appointed to be the first European Foreign Minister.

References

Other websites 

Ashton's profile on the European Commission web site

1956 births
Living people
European Union politicians
Politicians from Lancashire
Herman Van Rompuy

Herman Van Rompuy (born 31 October 1947) is a Belgian politician. In November 2009 he was appointed the first permanent President of the European Council, which is the meeting of the heads of government of all of the member states of the European Union.

He was previously Prime Minister of Belgium.

References 

1947 births
Living people
Belgian economists
Belgian educators
Belgian nobility
Belgian Roman Catholics
Christelijke Volkspartij politicians
Christen-Democratisch en Vlaams politicians
Flemish politicians
Government ministers of Belgium
Legislative speakers
People from Brussels-Capital Region
Presidents of the European Council
Prime Ministers of Belgium
Treaty of Rome

The Treaty of Rome was signed on 25 March 1957 between six European coutries (Belgium, France, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands and Germany. After centuries of wars, those countries started to act together for more peace and prosperity. This treaty was the basis of the European Economic Community. It was one of two treaties (the other being Treaty of Maastricht) that created the European Union. It created a common market for goods and people. Other countries later joined it.

References 

Rome
1957 in Europe
Shinhwa

Shinhwa, first started in the year 1998, is a Korean band.  It is made up of six male members. In the earlier years of the band, they were under SM Entertainment, later switching to Good Entertainment.

South Korean boy bands
K-pop music groups
1990s music groups
1998 establishments in Asia
1990s establishments in South Korea
Dave Davies

David Russell Gordon "Dave" Davies (born 3 February 1947 in Fortis Green, London) is an English rock musician who is best known as the lead guitar player in English rock group The Kinks. His brother Ray Davies was the band's lead singer.

In 1990 Davies, along with the other three original members of The Kinks, was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.

In 2003, Davies was listed at 88 in Rolling Stone's list of the "100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time."

Davies is openly bisexual.

References

Other websites
 Official website

1947 births
Living people
Bisexual people
English LGBT people
English rock guitarists
English singer-songwriters
LGBT songwriters
Musicians from London
Coffee cake

A coffee cake can be either.
 a cake made with, or flavoured with, coffee;
 a cake intended to be served with coffee or for similar breaks and snacks.  This type of cake may or may not contain coffee.

Coffee cakes are typically single layer cakes that may be square or rectangular like a Stollen. Coffee cakes are typically flavored with cinnamon, nuts, and fruits. These cakes sometimes have a crumbly or crumb topping called Streusel and a light glaze drizzle.  In American, they are frequently eaten at festive breakfasts.

Coffee cakes can be similar to teacakes, but teacakes are often smaller individual items served with tea.

Cakes
Mi Plan

Mi plan (My Plan) is the fourth studio album by singer Nelly Furtado It is also her first ever all Spanish album. It was released in September, 2009. Seven of the songs were written together by Furtado and Cuban musician, Alex Cuba.

Singles 
 "Manos al Aire" was the first single released from the album. It was on the radio on June 30, 2009, with digital versions on sale the next day.

Track listing

References 

2009 albums
Latin Grammy Award-winning albums
Andrei Kirilenko

Andrei Kirilenko (born February 18, 1981 in Izhevsk, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union) is a Small forward that currently plays for the Minnesota Timberwolves of the National Basketball Association (NBA). 

He played in the NBA with the Utah Jazz for 10 seasons and then played in Russia with his original team, CSKA Moscow. After playing a season with them, he returned to the NBA and signed with the Minnesota Timberwolves on July 27, 2012.

He is of Russian origin. His jersey number is 47. He is nicknamed AK-47 because of his jersey number and because the AK-47 came from Russia.

Kirilenko was named as Russia's flag bearer for the Opening Ceremony of the 2008 Summer Olympics games.

Other websites
Official website 
Andrei Kirilenko at NBA.com

1981 births
Living people
Basketball players
Minnesota Timberwolves players
Russian sportspeople
Utah Jazz players
Bjarne Stroustrup

Bjarne Stroustrup born 30th December 1950 in Århus, Denmark) is an American-Danish computer scientist, most famous for creating the C++ programming language.

References

1950 births
Living people
American computer scientists
Danish scientists
Aarhus