cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Shelby Foote

Shelby Dade Foote, Jr. (November 17, 1916 – June 27, 2005) was an American historian and writer. He was an important person for Civil War documentaries. He wrote many books about the war and Abraham Lincoln. His most famous book about the war was The Civil War: A Narrative.  Foote was born on in Greenville, Mississippi and died in Memphis, Tennessee.

Early life
Shelby Dade Foote, Jr. studied at University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Foote is of Jewish descent, but he was raised as an Episcopalian.

Career
Foote began writing a three volume, 3000-page history, together called The Civil War: A Narrative. The separate volumes are Fort Sumter to Perryville (1958), Fredericksburg to Meridian (1963), and Red River to Appomattox (1974).

When The Civil War by Ken Burns was first broadcast, his telephone number was publicly listed. and He received many phone calls from people who had seen him on television. Foote never unlisted his number, and the volume of calls increased each time the series re-aired.

Personal life
He was married to Tess Lavery from 1944 until they divorced in 1946. Then he was married to Marguerite "Peggy" Desommes from 1948 until they divorced in 1952. They had one child. Then he was married to Gwyn Rainer from 1956 until his death in 2005. They had one child.

Death
Foote died on June 27, 2005 at a hospital in Memphis, Tennessee from heart failure caused by a heart attack and pulmonary embolism. He was 88 years old. Foote is buried at Elmwood Cemetery in Memphis, Tennessee.

References

Other websites

 Shelby Foote Grave
 Shelby Foote Papers Inventory, in the Southern Historical Collection, UNC-Chapel Hill
 Write TV Public Television Interview with Shelby Foote 
 PBS Civil War
 American Enterprise interview with Bill Kauffman 
"Shelby Foote's War Story: How a Memphis novelist’s history of the Civil War made history itself" from Garden & Gun

1916 births
2005 deaths
Deaths from heart failure
Deaths from pulmonary embolism
American historians
Episcopalians
Writers from Mississippi
Ken Burns

Kenneth Lauren "Ken" Burns (born July 29, 1953) is an American director and producer of documentary movies. He is known for his style of using archival footage and photographs. Burns is also a historian and writer.

His most widely known documentaries are The Civil War (1990), Baseball (1994), Jazz (2001), The War (2007), The National Parks: America's Best Idea (2009), Prohibition (2011) and The Central Park Five (2012). His movies have been nominated for two Academy Awards, and have won Emmy Awards, among other honors.

Burns was born on July 29, 1953 in Brooklyn, New York City, New York  His ancestors owned slaves, and one was a Confederate soldier. He studied at Hampshire College. Burns was married to Amy Stechler from 1982 until they divorced in 1993. He married Julie Deborah Brown in 2003, and  in 2017 they were still marrie..

Burns said that he is influenced by Shelby Foote and Errol Morris.

References

Other websites

Florentine Films—Ken Burns's production company

Ken Burns on PBS
Ken Burns bibliography
Ken Burns at Library of Congress Authorities — with 54 catalog records

1953 births
Living people
American historians
Movie directors from New York
Movie producers from New York
Writers from New York City
Lightning strike

A lightning strike (or a lighting bolt) is a line of electric energy that is made during thunderstorms. It is very powerful and can kill anyone that it touches. It usually strikes tall objects such as skyscrapers, trees and mountains. A few people have survived lightning strikes.

Related pages

Lightning
Helicopter-triggered lightning strikes

References

Other websites
 http://science1.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/1999/essd18jun99_1/ 

Electricity
Weather
Bruce Hubbard

Bruce Hubbard (1952–1991) was an American operatic baritone singer. He is known for appearing in several productions of Show Boat and Porgy and Bess.

Hubbard was born in Indianapolis, Indiana in 1951.

Other websites 
 

1952 births
1991 deaths
African American musicians
Singers from Indiana
Baritones
Tadeusz Mazowiecki

Tadeusz Mazowiecki (18 April 1927 – 28 October 2013) was a Polish author, journalist, philanthropist and Christian-democratic politician. Mazowiecki was the first Prime Minister of Poland. His term began in 1989 and ended in 1991.

Early life
Mazowiecki was born on 18 April 1927 in Płock, Second Republic of Poland. He was married two times (became a widower twice). He had three children, Wojciech, Adam, and Michal.

Career
He was formerly one of the leaders of the Solidarity movement. Mazowiecki was the first non-communist prime minister in the Eastern Bloc after World War II. He became Prime Minister on 24 August 1989. His term lasted for nearly 2 years when he left office on 12 January 1991.

In 2003, he was elected to the board of directors of the International Criminal Court's Trust Fund for Victims.

Awards
Mazowiecki received numerous awards. An honorary degree from the universities in: Leuven, Genoa, Giessen, Poitiers, Exeter, Warsaw University and University of Economics in Katowice.

He also received the Order of White Eagle (1995), Golden Order of Bosnia (1996), Légion d'honneur (1997), Srebrnica Award (2005), the Giant award (1995) awarded by Gazeta Wyborcza (Election Gazette) in Poznań and Jan Nowak-Jezioranski Award (2004).

Death
Mazowiecki died on 28 October 2013 in Warsaw, Poland from complications from a fever caused by pneumonia. He was 86 years old.

References

Other websites

Periodic Reports on the situation in Bosnia 

1927 births
2013 deaths
Deaths from pneumonia
Polish journalists
Polish philanthropists
Prime Ministers of Poland
Polish writers
Heat lightning

Heat lightning is the name for lightning from thunderstorms that are far away that is not followed by thunder. This happens because the lightning is far away and the sound of the thunder stops before it reaches the person watching the thunderstorm. Although it is named heat lightning, it does not have anything to do with the heat of the lightning itself. At night, lightning can be seen from up to 100 miles away, but the thunder doesn't go that far.

Heat lightning is often seen during the summer months. In Florida, heat lightning can often been seen over the water at night from thunderstorms that formed during the day.

References

Other websites
The Weather Doctor: Weather Whys
Heat Lightning Facts 

Weather
Electricity
Stansfield Turner

Stansfield M. Turner (December 1, 1923 – January 18, 2018) was a United States Navy admiral and former Director of Central Intelligence and President of the Naval War College. He was a senior research scholar at the University of Maryland, College Park School of Public Policy.

Turner was born on December 1, 1923 in Highland Park, Illinois. He studied at Amherst College, at the United States Naval Academy, and at Exeter College, Oxford. He was a Christian Scientist. Turner died in Seattle, Washington on January 18, 2018 at the age of 94.

References

Other websites
Prepared Statement before Congress on MKULTRA
Testimony before Congress on MKULTRA, Part 1
Testimony before Congress on MKULTRA, Part 2
Interview on the Iranian Arms Scandal from the Dean Peter Krogh Foreign Affairs Digital Archives

1923 births
2018 deaths
Directors of the Central Intelligence Agency
US Democratic Party politicians
Christian Scientists
Military people from Illinois
Politicians from Illinois
People from Highland Park, Illinois
Bronisław Geremek

Professor Bronisław Geremek (Benjamin Lewertow; March 6, 1932 - July 13, 2008) was a Polish social historian and politician. Geremek served as Poland's Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1997 through 2000.

Geremek was born on March 6, 1932 in Warsaw, Poland. He studied at Warsaw University. Geremek was married to Hanna Geremek until his death in 2008.

Geremek died on July 13, 2008 after a car crash in Lubień, Poland. The cause of the crash was because Geremek fell asleep behind the wheel. He was 76 years old. A state funeral was granted for Geremek.

References

Other websites

 On the Side of Geremek Adam Michnik eulogizes Geremek in The New York Review of Books
Bronislaw Geremek's opinion editorial commentaries for Project Syndicate

1932 births
2008 deaths
Politicians from Warsaw
Road accident deaths
Philip Baker Hall

Philip Baker Hall (born September 10, 1931) is an American actor. He starred in Paul Thomas Anderson's movies, Hard Eight, Boogie Nights and Magnolia. Other movies included Air Force One, The Truman Show, Bruce Almighty, Rush Hour and The Amityville Horror.

Hall was born in Toledo, Ohio. He studied at the University of Toledo. He was married twice, both ended in divorce. Hall had two children.

References

Other websites

 

1931 births
Living people
Actors from Toledo, Ohio
American movie actors
American stage actors
American television actors
Dry thunderstorm

A dry thunderstorm is a type of thunderstorm where there is lightning and thunder, but most or all of the precipitation does not reach the ground. They usually happen in deserts or areas with low water vapor. Because dry air usually absorbs liquid water, the rain is absorbed before it reaches the ground. They happen a lot during the summer months in western North America.

Dry thunderstorms are dangerous because they can cause dust storms and wildfires. Dust storms can happen because the dry soil and sand are picked up by strong winds. Wildfires can happen because the lightning can hit trees and there is no rain to put out the fires.

References

Severe weather

fr:Orage sec
Menu

A menu is a list of dishes to be served at a meal. Menus have been around in Europe since the 18th century. There is a special need for them in Chinese cuisine because of the wide range of dishes on offer. Menus have been discovered from the Song Dynasty in China. In the larger cities of the time, the variety of cuisine from different regions led caterers to create a list for their patrons.

In restaurants, the modern menu, with dishes in a set order of courses, was invented by the great French chef Escoffier. Usually there are two types of menu at a good restaurant:

table d'hôte: a set menu at a fixed price (prix fixée).
à la carte: a wider choice of items, each with its own price.

Lesser establishments might offer a chalkboard, with the advantage that items can be rubbed out or added on at short notice. Fish restaurants in particular depend on daily catches being supplied or bought in the early morning. They usually list fish freshly bought (as opposed to frozen).

In American restaurant management, "menu engineering" has become a branch of marketing.

References 

Restaurants
Written communication
Cinderella Castle

Cinderella Castle (or Cinderella Palace) is the fairy tale castle at the center of two Disney theme parks: the Magic Kingdom at the Walt Disney World Resort, and Tokyo Disneyland at the Tokyo Disney Resort. Both castles are recognized all over the world. They are the main attraction for each of the theme parks.

Disney - Orlando
Castles
1971 establishments in Florida
Clay Aiken

Clay Aiken (born November 30, 1978) is an American singer-songwriter, author and activist. 

Aiken was born and raised in Raleigh, North Carolina. He was a contestant on the second season of American Idol in 2003. He is openly gay.

In 2014, Aiken announced his intentions to run for congress in North Carolina's 2nd congressional district against Republican incumbent Renee Ellmers. He officially filed to run on February 27, 2014.

Studio albums
 Measure of a Man (2003)
 Merry Christmas with Love (2004)
 A Thousand Different Ways (2006)
 On My Way Here  (2008)
 Tried and True (2010)
 Steadfast (2012)

Related pages
List of gay, lesbian or bisexual people

References

1978 births
Living people
American activists
American Idol contestants
American LGBT people
American singer-songwriters
American stage actors
US Democratic Party politicians
LGBT politicians
Politicians from Raleigh, North Carolina
Gay men
LGBT actors
LGBT singers
LGBT songwriters
Actors from Raleigh, North Carolina
Writers from Raleigh, North Carolina
Singers from North Carolina
Tokyo Disneyland

is a theme park at the Tokyo Disney Resort in Urayasu, Chiba, near Tokyo. It is  large.
Tokyo Disney Resort is one of five Disney Resorts in the world. It is one of the most famous theme parks in Japan. Maihama Station is the nearest station. There are many kinds of tickets for visitors to choose from. The "After 6 passport" for admission after 6 p.m. is popular with high-school students and couples.
Tokyo DisneySea is nearby.

Parks
Tokyo Disneyland is divided into seven theme parks.
World Bazaar
Adventureland
Westernland
Critter Country
Fantasyland
Toontown
Tomorrowland

Characters
Main characters
Mickey Mouse
Minnie Mouse
Donald Duck
Goofy
Pluto
They are called the "FAB 5". They always appear on stages and parades. They are mostly found at Toontown. Other characters at Toontown are Chip 'n Dale and Daisy Duck.

At Fantasyland, there are Winnie the Pooh, Peter Pan, Snow White, Cinderella, Pinocchio, Dumbo, Alice, and Jack Skellington from The Nightmare Before Christmas.

At Tomorrowland are Buzz Lightyear and the monsters from Monsters, Inc.. There is also the Aristocats and Lilo & Stitch.

Attractions
 Star Tours
 Haunted Mansion
 Big Thunder Mountain 
 Space Mountain
 Splash Mountain

References

1983 establishments in Asia
Chiba Prefecture
Disney theme parks
Theme parks in Japan
1980s establishments in Japan
Virga

In meteorology, virga is precipitation that falls from a cloud but evaporates or sublimes before reaching the ground. It is seen a lot in deserts and temperate climates. These areas have low humidity and high temperatures which cause the rain to evaporate before reaching the ground. In North America, it is seen a lot in the Western United States and the Canadian Prairies. It is also seen a lot in the Middle East and North Africa.

References

Other websites

  National Science Digital Library - Virga 
  "Viewing the Vagaries and Verities of Virga" Alistair B. Fraser and Craig F. Bohren, Department of Meteorology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, 2 November 1992 and 25 January 1993.

Precipitation
Snow angel

A snow angel is a design made in snow that looks like an angel. It is made by lying on one's back and moving one's arms up and down, and one's legs from side to side, to make the shape of an angel. Snow angels are often made by children.

Snow
Leisure
Menrva

Menrva is the Etruscan goddess of war, art, wisdom and health. She was often associated with the Greek goddess Athena. She was the precursor of the Roman Minerva.

References 

Etruscan gods and goddesses
Koreans in Japan

Koreans are one of the largest ethnic minority groups in Japan. Many Koreans immigrated from the 1920s to the 1950s.

Other websites

Han

Japanese culture
Korean people
Commission

Commission can refer to several things:

 Commission (remuneration), a form of payment to somebody for a job they have done
 Commission (art), when somebody orders the creation of a piece of art
 A type of contract for performance or creation of a specific work
 The document appointing someone as an officer
 A group of officials
 Statutory commission, a government authority created by acts of the legislature (for which, see Statutory authority)
 Constitutional Commission, a group of people who are ordered to review or write a constitution
 European Commission, the executive body of the European Union
 Royal Commission, a public inquiry
Winnie Madikizela-Mandela

Winnie Madikizela–Mandela (born Nomzamo Winfreda Zanyiwe Madikizela; 26 September 1936 – 2 April 2018) was a South African politician. She held several government positions and headed the African National Congress Women's League. She was a member of the ANC's National Executive Committee. Madikizela-Mandela was married to President of South Africa Nelson Mandela.

Madikizela-Mandela was born on 26 September 1936 in Bizana, Pondoland, Transkei, South Africa. She studied at the University of South Africa. She was married to Nelson Mandela from 1958 until they divorced in 1996. They had two children. Madikizela-Mandela died of complications from diabetes on 2 April 2018 in Johannesburg at the age of 81.

References

Other websites

 Winnie Mandela Trailer HD Video
 
 
"Fall of Winnie Mandela Began Nearly 2 Years Ago; Erratic Behavior Preceded Recent Violence" , Washington Post, 18 February 1989

1936 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from diabetes
Disease-related deaths in South Africa
Fraudsters
Kidnappers
Nelson Mandela
South African politicians
Thieves
First Ladies of South Africa
Harry Frederick Oppenheimer

Harry Frederick Oppenheimer (28 October 1908 – 19 August 2000) was a famous South African businessman of Jewish descent. Oppenheimer was the chairman of Anglo American Corporation for a quarter of a century. He was also the chairman of De Beers Consolidated Mines for 27 years until he retired from those positions in 1982 and 1984. He was close friends with President of South Africa Nelson Mandela.

Oppenheimer was born in Kimberley, Northern Cape, South Africa. He studied at Charterhouse School and at Christ Church, Oxford University. Oppenheimer was raised in Johannesburg.

The Harry Oppenheimer Fellowship Award Africa's premier research prize, is awarded every year by the Oppenheimer Memorial Trust, in memory of Harry Oppenheimer's commitment to an ideal of "unambiguous excellence."

Oppenheimer was married to Bridget Oppenheimer until his death in 2000. They had two children. Bridget died in October 2013.

Oppenheimer died in Johannesburg, South Africa from cancer, aged 92.

References

Other websites
 Hart, R. 2010. Mr H.F. Oppenheimer receives the Freedom of the City of Kimberley. Now and Then: Newsletter of the Historical Society of Kimberley and the Northern Cape 18(3):1-2

1908 births
2000 deaths
Deaths from cancer
Jewish businesspeople
People from Johannesburg
South African Jews
White South African people
Shock site

A shock site is a website that wants to be offensive and to shock people that see it. Shock sites usually show pictures that are meant to make people feel disgusted. These pictures are often violent, or pornographic. For example, in 2004 Goatse.cx showed a picture of a man stretching his anus. Often these sites are mentioned in emails, or online discussions, which tries  to trick users into following links to another website.

Common shock sites
 Goatse
 Meatspin
 Tubgirl
 Lemonparty
 2 Girls 1 Cup
 Mr. Hands
 Kids in a Sandbox
 Jar Squatter

 
Pranks
Armillaria gallica

Armillaria gallica (synonymous with A. bulbosa and A. lutea) is a species of "honey mushroom" in the Agaricales order.

The species is common and ecologically important: it decays wood. It can live as a saprophyte, or as an opportunistic parasite in weakened tree hosts to cause root or butt rot. It is found in temperate regions of Asia, North America, and Europe. The species forms fruit bodies singly or in groups in soil or rotting wood. The fungus has been accidentally introduced to South Africa.

Armillaria gallica is a largely subterranean fungus, and it produces fruit bodies that are up to about  in diameter, yellow-brown, and covered with small scales. On the underside of the caps are gills that are white to creamy or pale orange.

The fungus develops an extensive system of underground root-like structures, called rhizomorphs which help it to decompose dead wood in temperate broadleaf and mixed forests. It has been the subject of considerable scientific research. Its ability to bioluminesce and its ability to form large and long-lived colonies are especially interesting.

Humongous fungus
Researchers reported finding Armillaria gallica in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan in the early 1990s. In one forest stand, Armillaria-infected oak trees had been harvested, and their stumps were left to rot in the field. Later, when red pines were planted in the same location, the seedlings were killed by the fungus A. gallica (then known as A. bulbosa).

Using sequence analysis, they found that the underground mycelia of one individual fungal colony covered , weighing over , with an estimated age of 1,500 years. The analysis examined genetic samples collected in the forest from fruit bodies and rhizomorphs. Samples from the 15-hectare area had identical mating type alleles and mitochondrial DNA fragments. This showed the samples were all from a single genetic individual, or clone, which reached its size through vegetative growth. The authors noted: "This is the first report estimating the minimum size, mass, and age of an unambiguously defined fungal individual. Although the number of observations for plants and animals is much greater, members of the fungal kingdom should now be recognized as among the oldest and largest organisms on earth". After the Nature paper was published, media outlets from around the world visited the site where the specimens were found. As a result of this publicity, the individual acquired the common name "humongous fungus". There was afterward some scholarly debate as to whether the fungus qualified to be considered in the same category as other large organisms such as the blue whale or the giant redwood.

Gallery

References 

Fungi
Affirmative action

Affirmative action (known as positive discrimination in the United Kingdom) is a policy where members of minority groups are given preference over members of more common or bigger groups. This is usually done to try to obtain some equality or balance. Positive discrimination is illegal in many countries.

It is most often found in education, employment and welfare.

References 

Discrimination
Education
Robinson Crusoe

Robinson Crusoe is a novel written by Daniel Defoe. It was first published on 25 April 1719 by William Taylor.

The novel's full title is The Life and Strange Surprizing Adventures of Robinson Crusoe, Of York, Mariner: Who lived Eight and Twenty Years, all alone in an un-inhabited Island on the Coast of America, near the Mouth of the Great River of Oroonoque; Having been cast on Shore by Shipwreck, wherein all the Men perished but himself. With An Account how he was at last as strangely deliver'd by Pyrates.

The book is a fictional autobiography of the title character, Robinson Crusoe. Crusoe leaves the safety of his comfortable middle-class home in England and goes to sea. He is shipwrecked and becomes a castaway who spends years on a remote tropical island near Trinidad. He meets cannibals, captives and mutineers, and is eventually rescued.

For the first edition, Defoe pretended that the novel was a true story. He said the fictional protagonist Robinson Crusoe was the author and he pretended to be the editor of Crusoe's autobiography. This led many readers to believe that Crusoe was a real person and the book a true account of his life.

Many people think the story was influenced by the life of Alexander Selkirk. Selkirk was a Scottish castaway who lived for over four years on a Pacific island belonging to Chile called Más a Tierra. (In 1966, the island was renamed Robinson Crusoe Island.) However, there are other possible sources. For example, Ibn Tufail's earlier novel Hayy ibn Yaqdhan, also set on a desert island, may have inspired Defoe.

Critical response to Robinson Crusoe has been diverse and argumentative. There has been widespread disagreement about the novel's nature and origin, values, structure, and meaning. Literary historians have not agreed on Defoe's sincerity, exact intentions, and achievement in the book.

Robinson Crusoe was very popular as soon as it was published. Before the end of 1719, it had already run through four editions. The novel's popularity has continued and it has become one of the most widely published books in history. It has prompted many imitations and adaptations for stage, film, and television.

References 

English novels
18th-century books
Cloaking device

A cloaking device or invisibility cloak has long been featured in science fiction. Attempts have been made to devise a way to do it with objects, but results were disappointing until now. A paper in Nature Communications for September 2013 announces a new approach.

"Invisibility cloaking was almost inconceivable until the ingenious theory of macroscopic invisibility cloaking was proposed based on transformation optics principles. ... We successfully demonstrate the cloaking of living creatures, a cat and a fish, from the eye. 

From reference 1, the two "supplementary movies" show the successful cloaking of a goldfish and a cat so far as they are within the experimental space.

Overview 
A recent review said these methods were possible: 
Optical camouflage: A modified background image is projected onto a cloak of reflective material (the kind used to make projector screens). The wearer becomes invisible to anyone standing at the projection source.
The "mirage effect": Electric current is passed through submerged carbon nanotubes to create very high local temperatures. This causes light to bounce off them, hiding objects behind.
Adaptive heat cloaking: A camera records background temperatures, these are displayed by sheets of hexagonal pixels which change temperature very quickly, camouflaging even moving vehicles from heat-sensitive cameras.
Calcite crystal prism: Calcite crystals send the two polarizations of light in different directions. By fixing prism-shaped crystals together in a particular way, polarised light can be directed around small objects. This effectively cloaks them.

References 

Optics
Science fiction
Mehit

Mehit is a goddess of lions and war in Egyptian mythology. She is the wife of the god Anhur, also a god of war.
She represented the full moon. Also called The Completed one (Eye of Horus)

Egyptian gods and goddesses
Mandela and de Klerk

Mandela and de Klerk is a 1997 British television movie about the relationship between President of South Africa Nelson Mandela and former State-Governor F. W. de Klerk. Sidney Poitier played Mandela and Michael Caine played de Klerk. It was released on February 16, 1997. 

British drama movies
1990s biographical movies
Nelson Mandela
Dennis Haysbert

Dennis Dexter Haysbert (born 2 June 1954 in San Mateo, California) is an American movie and television actor. He is known for appearing in the Allstate commercials. He also starred in many movies such as Major League. He also starred in the television show 24.

References

Other websites

Dennis Haysbert's Official Website & DH6 Gear Store

Haysbert Bio at The Unit
BostonHerald 
Race on Broadway

1954 births
Living people
African American actors
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American voice actors
People from San Mateo, California
Saturn Award winners
Nelson Mandela Bridge

The Nelson Mandela Bridge is a bridge in Johannesburg, South Africa. It was completed in 2003. The bridge was built to connect two important business areas of Braamfontein and Newton. It was named after President of South Africa Nelson Mandela.

2003 establishments
Concrete bridges
Steel bridges
Nelson Mandela
Buildings and structures in South Africa
Transport in South Africa
Johannesburg
2000s establishments in South Africa
Night of Champions (2013)

Night of Champions (2013) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view show made by World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE). It was held on September 15, 2013 at the Joe Louis Arena in Detroit, Michigan. It was the seventh yearly event with the "Night of Champions" name. Similar to the last five events, the concept of the show was that every championship in the company was defended at the event.

Results

Tag Team Turmoil match

References

Other websites
Official Night of Champions 2013 website

2013 in professional wrestling
WWE Night of Champions
Sports in Detroit, Michigan
2013 in the United States
2010s in Michigan
21st century in Detroit, Michigan
David Harewood

David Harewood, MBE (born 8 December 1965 in Small Heath, Birmingham, England), is an English actor.  He is known for playing David Estes in the Showtime series Homeland.

References

Other websites
 

1965 births
Living people
Actors from Birmingham
Black British actors
English movie actors
English stage actors
English television actors
English voice actors
Idris Elba

Idrissa Akuna "Idris" Elba  (born 6 September 1972) is a British actor, musician, producer, rapper, singer and writer. He is known for his roles in American Gangster, Takers, The Losers, Thor, Prometheus, Pacific Rim and Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom. He won a Golden Globe Award in 2011 and a Screen Actors Guild Award in 2016.

On 16 March 2020, Elba announced that he had been diagnosed with COVID-19 during the 2019–2020 coronavirus pandemic.

References

Other websites

 (hmu)

The Films of Idris Elba
Sometimes in April Interview

1972 births
Living people
Actors from London
British DJs
British rap musicians
English movie actors
English stage actors
English television actors
English television producers
English voice actors
Golden Globe Award winning actors
Movie producers from London
Musicians from London
People from the London Borough of Newham
Screen Actors Guild Award winners
Marrakesh

Marrakesh, or Marrakech (Berber: ; ) is an important city in the African country of Morocco. It is the fourth largest city in the country. Marrakesh is the capital of the economic region of Marrakesh-Tensift-El Haouz.

History 
Marrakesh is the most important city out of all of Morocco's cities that used to be imperial cities. Berber farmers lived in Marrakesh during Neolithic times. Abu Bakr ibn Umar, the chieftain and cousin of the king of the Almoravids Yusuf ibn Tashfin, founded Marrakesh in the year 1062. The Almoravids built many schools and mosques in Marrakesh. Marrakesh has the name "Red City" because a lot of it is made out of red sandstone.

Marrakesh got bigger very quickly and became a cultural, religious, and trading center for sub-Saharan Africa.  The mayor of Marrakesh Fatima Zahra Mansouri is the second woman mayor in Morocco.

Tourism is important to Marrakesh, and the city has about 400 hotels. 

One of the things that most attract travellers to Morocco and, specifically, to the city of Marrakech, is the endless activities available and especially its variety. 

The most interesting and well-known are desert excursions from Marrakech, but in reality, you have many options: we are talking about excursions to the beach. There in the city itself, you do not have them, but there are many beaches near Marrakech that you can visit without much complication.

References

1062 establishments
 
Establishments in Morocco
11th-century establishments in Africa
Goodbye Bafana

Goodbye Bafana is a 2007 drama movie. It is about the life of Nelson Mandela when he was in prison. It stars Dennis Haysbert and Joseph Fiennes. It was released on February 11, 2007.

Other websites 

2007 drama movies
2000s biographical movies
2000s prison movies
Movies set in the 1960s
Movies set in the 1970s
Movies set in the 1980s
Movies about Apartheid
Nelson Mandela
Prison drama movies
German drama movies
French drama movies
Belgian movies
South African movies
Italian drama movies
Luxembourgian movies
Movies directed by Bille August
Winnie Mandela (movie)

Winnie Mandela is a 2011 British-American drama-biographical movie. It is based on Anne Marie du Preez Bezrob's biography Winnie Mandela: A Life. The movie is directed by Darrell Roodt. It stars Jennifer Hudson, Terrence Howard, Wendy Crewson, and Elias Koteas. Image Entertainment released the movie in theaters on September 6, 2013.

References

2010s biographical movies
2011 drama movies
American biographical movies
American drama movies
British biographical movies
British drama movies
South African movies
Movies about Apartheid
Movies directed by Darrell Roodt
Nelson Mandela
Long Walk to Freedom

Long Walk to Freedom is an autobiography written by President of South Africa Nelson Mandela. It was published in 1995.

Plot
The book is about his early life, his education and serving 27 years in prison. Under the apartheid government, Mandela was thought as a terrorist and jailed on the infamous Robben Island for his role as a leader of the then-outlawed ANC. He also say that democracy meant all men to be heard and far from majority rule, a minority was not crushed by a majority.

He has since gained international recognition for his leadership as president in rebuilding the country's once segregated society. The last chapters of the book describe his political ascension, and his belief that the struggle continues against apartheid in South Africa.

A movie based on this book was released in 2013 called Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom. Idris Elba played Mandela.

More reading
 Anthony Sampson Mandela: The Authorised Biography; HarperCollins; ISBN 0-00-638845-0(1999)
 Nelson Mandela; Long Walk to Freedom: The Autobiography of Nelson Mandela; Little Brown & Co; ISBN 0-316-54818-9 (paperback, 1995)

References

Other websites
Excerpts from Long Walk To Freedom
Quotes from Long Walk To Freedom
poly-lingual audio excerpts from Long Walk To Freedom (abridged edition) 

1995 books
Autobiographies
Nelson Mandela
Mandela: The Authorised Biography

Mandela: The Authorized Biography is a biography of Nelson Mandela, first President of South Africa. It was written by journalist Anthony Sampson.  It was published in 1999, five years after Mandela's autobiography, Long Walk to Freedom. Sampson's book was one of the first to talk about such issues such as Winnie Mandela's crimes, and State President Frederik Willem de Klerk's suspected attempts to use the security forces to derail peace talks.

References

1999 books
Nelson Mandela
Andrés Pastrana Arango

Andrés Pastrana Arango (born 17 August 1954) was the 30th President of Colombia from 1998 to 2002, following in the footsteps of his father, Misael Pastrana Borrero, who was president from 1970 to 1974.

In 1982, he began his political career, gaining a seat on the local Bogotá council. He also specialized in press articles on the production and trafficking of cocaine, for which he gained many journalistic awards. In 1991 he was elected Senator.

Arango was born on 17 August 1954 in Bogotá, Colombia. He studied at Our Lady of the Rosary University and at Harvard University. Arango married Nohra Puyana Bickenbach in 1981. They have three children.

His father, Misael Pastrana Borrero (1923 – 1997), was the 23rd President of Colombia serving from 1970 through 1974. His mother was consort María Cristina Arango Vega (1928 – 2017).

References

Other websites

Biography by CIDOB 
El Colombiano - President Pastrana's job performance 
El Tiempo - President Uribe and ambassador Pastrana meet 
El Tiempo - Ex president Pastrana accuses Constitutional Court 

1954 births
Living people
Presidents of Colombia
Ambassadors of Colombia
Roman Catholics
People from Bogotá
Jiangsu

Jiangsu is a province on the east coast of mainland China. Jiangsu borders Shandong in the north, Anhui to the west, and Zhejiang and Shanghai to the south. The capital of the province is Nanjing. Nanjing is the old capital of China.

Other websites

Provinces of China
Hell in a Cell (2013)

Hell in a Cell (2013) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view show made by World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE). It was held on October 27, 2013 at the American Airlines Arena in Miami, Florida. It was the fifth yearly event with the "Hell in a Cell" name.

Matches

References

Other websites
Official Hell in a Cell 2013 website

2013 in professional wrestling
World Wrestling Entertainment pay-per-view events
Sports in Miami, Florida
2013 in the United States
2010s in Miami, Florida
WWE Battleground

Battleground was a professional wrestling pay-per-view show made by World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE). It was held on October 6, 2013 at the First Niagara Center in Buffalo, New York. It was announced on the July 29 episode of WWE Raw as the new October WWE pay-per-view which would replace Over the Limit.

Matches

References

Other websites
Official Battleground website

2013 in professional wrestling
World Wrestling Entertainment pay-per-view events
Sports in Buffalo, New York
2010s in New York (state)
2013 in the United States
21st century in Buffalo, New York
Attack on Titan

is a manga series written and illustrated by Hajime Isayama. It was adapted into an anime series and was produced by Wit Studio and Production I.G.  A 2015 film of the same name was released.

Plot
The series follows the story of Eren Jäger (a teenager boy), his adopted sister,  Mikasa Ackerman, and their friend Armin Arlert (Emotional blond baby). They live in a world after the apocalypse caused by man-eating human-like giants called Titans, and they're members of what is likely the last surviving bit of civilization. Their civilization is surrounded by three protective walls called Wall Maria, Wall Rose, and Wall Sina. Eventually, Wall Maria, the outermost wall, is destroyed by the skinless Colossal Titan and the powerful big Armored Titan, leading other titans to infiltrate the outermost areas of civilization and begin their slaughter. The destruction that was caused by the titans kills Eren's mother and he vows revenge against the Titans. Eren enlists in the military and is also accompanied by Mikasa and Armin. Years after his first battle against the Titans, Eren finds out that he has the ability to transform into a Titan at will. After others found this out, Eren was seen as a threat to mankind by some but was also seen as a chance of hope by others. He later joins his companions to fight and protect what remains of their society while he also looks for answers to the mysteries surrounding the Titans, the Walls, as well as his own existence.

Anime
The anime was directed by Tetsurō Araki. It started broadcasting in Japan on July 8, 2013. It aired on MBS and ran from April 6, 2013 to September 28, 2013. Funimation began releasing the series in North America on home video in 2014. 
The second season of the anime series aired between April 1, 2017 and June 17, 2017. A trailer for the third season was released on April 27, 2018. The series started broadcasting in Japan in July 23, 2018.

Reception
The series has been highly praised and has won multiple awards including the Kodansha Manga Award in the shōnen category in 2011 and best director, best script, best soundtrack, runner-up for commercial, best theme song, top female character, and title of the year in the 3rd Newtype Anime Awards.

The series was nominated for both the 4th annual Manga Taishō award and the 16th annual Tezuka Osamu Cultural Prize.

The 2012 edition of Kono Manga ga Sugoi! named the series the 8th best manga series for male readers. Six of the seven English volumes that were published in North America have charted on The New York Times Manga Best Seller list for the week of October 13, 2013, with volume one having been on the list for 19 weeks. Volume one was #2 on Nielsen BookScan's list of top 20 graphic novels in American bookstores for August 2013, and for the month of September, the series had more volumes on the list than any other series. The series was also named one of the Young Adult Library Services Association's "Great Graphic Novels for Teens"

References

Other websites
Official website (manga) 
Official website (anime) 

2013 television series debuts
2015 anime movies
2018 anime television series
Anime series based on manga
Manga
Logorrhea

Logorrhea is a disorder of  speech. It is a psychological disorder where a person speaks continuously in gibberish or makes no real sense. It is a sign of an underlying mental disorder, and needs psychiatric attention.

Logorrhea happens in many different psychiatric and neurological conditions. Some of these are glossolalia, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and schizoaffective disorder.

The term is sometimes used of someone who is just very talkative. This is meant to be a humorous reference.

In popular culture 
The dramatic monologue Not I by Samuel Beckett is an example of logorrhea. So is Lucky's speech in the play Waiting for Godot.

In the 1999 E.W. Scripps National Spelling Bee, the spelling bee champion Nupur Lala won with the word logorrhea. Then a documentary, Spellbound was made about the spelling bee.

Related pages 
Word salad

Mental illnesses
Disorders
Human communication
SummerSlam (2013)

SummerSlam (2013) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view show made by WWE. It was held on August 18, 2013 at the Staples Center in Los Angeles, California. It was the twenty-sixth yearly SummerSlam event that the WWE held.

Matches

References

Other websites
Official SummerSlam 2013 website

2013 in professional wrestling
SummerSlam
Sports in Los Angeles
2013 in California
2010s in Los Angeles, California
Spiritual warfare

Spiritual warfare is a Christian belief of fighting against bad supernatural forces (demons). The existence of bad spirits which can affect humans is the main idea for this belief system. Many Christian groups have used ideas of this movement to hold back these bad forces. These ideas mainly come from Christian demonology. A way to fight these forces is by using prayer. Exorcisms (removing demons), laying-on of hands, fasting, or anointing with oil are also used.

Famous believers in spiritual warfare

Billy Graham
Pope John Paul II
Gabriele Amorth
D. L. Moody
Billy Sunday
John Livingstone Nevius
Don Basham
Derek Prince
C. Peter Wagner
Merrill Unger

Criticism
Some well known people, such as Bill Ellis, Elliot Miller (Christian Research Institute),  and Gretchen Passantino have claimed that ideas in spiritual warfare are based on Christian stories that are not from the Bible. These stories are not considered true by Christians who believe that only the Bible is fact.

More reading
 James K. Beilby and Paul Rhodes Eddy, eds., Understanding Spiritual Warfare: Four Views (Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2012).

Christian theology
Procellariidae

The family Procellariidae is a group of seabirds. It is made up of the fulmarine petrels, the gadfly petrels, the prions, and the shearwaters. This family is part of the bird order Procellariiformes (or tubenoses), which also includes the albatrosses, the storm-petrels, and the diving petrels.

Seabirds
Puffinus

Puffinus is a genus of seabirds in the order Procellariiformes. It is made up of about 20 small to medium-sized shearwaters. Two other shearwater genera are named: Calonectris, which comprises three large shearwaters, and Procellaria with another four large species. The latter are usually called 'petrels', although they are thought to be more closely related to the shearwaters than to the other petrels. Even though their name looks like puffin, the puffins are auks, and not related to the shearwaters in the genus Puffinus; the genus name Puffinus is actually a New Latin loanword based on the English "puffin".

Taxonomy 
Genus Puffinus

 (Sub)Genus Puffinus ("Puffinus" group) – smaller species, closely related to Calonectris
 Christmas Shearwater, Puffinus nativitatis 
 Galápagos Shearwater, Puffinus subalaris
 Fluttering Shearwater, Puffinus gavia 
 Hutton's Shearwater, Puffinus huttoni 
 Scarlett's Shearwater, Puffinus spelaeus (prehistoric)
 Yelkouan Shearwater, Puffinus yelkouan  
 Balearic Shearwater, Puffinus mauretanicus 
 Menorcan Shearwater, Puffinus sp. (prehistoric) – possibly extirpated population of extant species; tentatively placed in this group
 Dune Shearwater or Hole's Shearwater, Puffinus holeae (prehistoric)
 Lava Shearwater or Olson's Shearwater, Puffinus olsoni (prehistoric) –  tentatively placed in this group
 Little Shearwater, Puffinus assimilis 
 Bryan's Shearwater, Puffinus bryani
 Heinroth's Shearwater, Puffinus heinrothi 
 Audubon's Shearwater, Puffinus lherminieri 
 Persian Shearwater, Puffinus (lherminieri) persicus
 Tropical Shearwater or Baillon's Shearwater, Puffinus (lherminieri) bailloni
 Bannerman's Shearwater, Puffinus (lherminieri) bannermani
 Barolo Shearwater, Puffinus baroli
 Boyd's Shearwater, Puffinus boydi
 Manx Shearwater, Puffinus puffinus 
 Black-vented Shearwater, Puffinus opisthomelas 
 Townsend's Shearwater, Puffinus auricularis 
 Newell's Shearwater, Puffinus  newelli
 Rapa Shearwater, Puffinus (newelli) myrtae
 Bermuda Shearwater, Puffinus parvus (extinct) –  tentatively placed in this group
 (Sub)Genus Ardenna ("Neonectris" group) – larger species, a distinct lineage
 Pink-footed shearwater, Puffinus creatopus
 Flesh-footed Shearwater, Puffinus carneipes
 Great Shearwater, Puffinus gravis 
 Sooty Shearwater or "muttonbird" (New Zealand), Puffinus griseus 
 Short-tailed Shearwater or "muttonbird" (Southern Australia), Puffinus tenuirostris 
 Wedge-tailed Shearwater or "muttonbird" (Northern and western Australia), Puffinus pacificus 
 Buller's Shearwater, Puffinus bulleri 

Seabirds
No Mercy (2008)

No Mercy (2008) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view show made by World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE). It was held on October 5, 2008 at the Rose Garden in Portland, Oregon. It was the eleventh and final No Mercy event held by the WWE.

Matches

References

Other websites
Official No Mercy 2008 website

2008 in American television
2008 in professional wrestling
History of Portland, Oregon
WWE No Mercy
21st century in Oregon
No Mercy (2006)

No Mercy (2006) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view show made by World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE). It was held on October 8, 2006 at the RBC Center in Raleigh, North Carolina. It was the ninth No Mercy event held by the WWE and was a SmackDown! brand-exclusive event.

Matches

References

Other websites
Official No Mercy 2006 website

2006 in American television
2006 in professional wrestling
Raleigh, North Carolina
Sports in North Carolina
WWE No Mercy
2000s in North Carolina
October events
No Mercy (2005)

No Mercy (2005) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view show made by World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE). It was held on October 9, 2005 at the Toyota Center in Houston, Texas. It was the eighth No Mercy event held by the WWE.

Matches

References

Other websites
Official No Mercy 2005 website

2005 in American television
2005 in professional wrestling
Sports in Houston, Texas
WWE No Mercy
2005 in Texas
2000s in Houston, Texas
Léon Foucault

Jean-Bernard-Léon Foucault (born September 18, 1819, Paris, France—died February 11, 1868, Paris), was a French physicist. He introduced and helped develop a way of measuring the absolute velocity of light with extreme accuracy. He provided experimental proof that the Earth rotates on its axis.

Foucault was educated for the medical profession, but his interests turned to experimental physics. With Armand Fizeau, he began a series of investigations of light and heat.

French physicists
1819 births
1868 deaths
Scientists from Paris
Burials at Montmartre Cemetery, Paris
Schistosoma mansoni

Schistosoma mansoni is a parasite found in the intestines of humans. It is a trematode that is one of the major agents of the disease schistosomiasis. The type of schistosomiasis caused by Schistosoma mansoni is intestinal schistosomiasis.

Parasites
Flatworms
No Mercy (2004)

No Mercy (2004) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view show made by World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE). It was held on October 3, 2004 at the Continental Airlines Arena in East Rutherford, New Jersey. It was the seventh No Mercy event held by the WWE.

Matches

References

Other websites
Official No Mercy 2004 website

2004 in professional wrestling
Sports in New Jersey
WWE No Mercy
2004 in the United States
2000s in New Jersey
Pristichampsus

Pristichampsus (also known as the saw crocodile) is an extinct crocodylian that grew to 3 metres in length. There are many different species: P. rollinatii, the type species from France, P. vorax from Wyoming and Texas, and P. geiseltalensis from Germany. 

Crocodilia