cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Collage

[[File:Juan Gris 001.jpg|thumb|right|250px|'Juan Gris, The Sunblind, 1914, Tate Gallery]]Collage''' is an art term. It is a work of art like a painting but with pieces of paper and fabric ('found objects') stuck on a surface such as a piece of paper, wood or canvas. 

Collage is a popular technique in modern art. Types of collage are 'decoupage', photomontage and digital collage. When actual painting is included, or any other medium, the technique is called 'mixed media'. Work in three dimensions may be called 'assemblage'.

Works of art
Chevrolet Van

Chevrolet Van-simply called Chevy Van-refers to passenger or cargo vans which were full size. The vans went by the names of Sport Van, Beauville and Chevrolet G-Series. GMC's version of the vans were called Vandura and Rally Wagon. The vehicles were first made around 1964 under Chevrolet and GMC divisions of General Motors. They were discontinued after 1996. The post 1996 replacements were the Chevrolet Express and GMC Savana.

Vans
Pro-choice

Pro-choice is the view that a woman should have the right to decide whether or not to have an abortion and that there should not be laws that stop people from getting abortions. 

People who are pro-choice believe that people should be able to use abortion to end a pregnancy. The view that abortion should be against the law is called pro-life.

The pro-choice movement is sometimes called the abortion rights movement. It is largely based on the belief, that woman should be able to decide what they want to do with their bodies. Having a baby would be a huge invasion to the body and should be a choice. They believe that an unborn embryo should not be valued over the pregnant woman. Pro-choice believes in a woman's right to choose.

Related pages
Anti-abortion movement

Law
Ethics
Abortion
Clinical psychology

Clinical psychology is the study in psychology of mental disorders. It is about learning, understanding, diagnosing, treating or preventing these types of illnesses. Clinical psychologists examine the mental functioning of a person and use psychotherapy to treat the disorder. Psychotherapy uses talking instead of medical or physical treatments.

The first psychological clinic opened in 1896 at the University of Pennsylvania by Lightner Witmer.In the first half of the 20th century, clinical psychology mainly about psychological assessment, not treatment. After World War II, there was a big increase in the numbers of trained clinical psychologists. There are two main educational models - the Ph.D. scientist-practitioner model which looks at research, and the Psy.D. practitioner-scholar model which looks at treatment. Clinical psychologists are now regarded as experts in psychotherapy.

Four main schools 
Clinical psychologists generally train in one of four primary academic areas – psychodynamic, humanistic, behavior therapy/cognitive behavioral, and systems or family therapy.

Psychodynamic 
Sigmund Freud's ideas led to the development of psychodynamic psychotherapy. Its goal is to help the patient, or client, to understand the meaning of the unconscious desires and conflicts that have caused their problems.

Humanistic 
Humanistic psychology was developed in the 1950s in reaction to both behaviourism (the belief that conditioning is the main cause of human behavior) and psychoanalysis (the belief that the unconscious is the main cause of human behavior).
The major principles of humanistic psychology are:
 A person's present is more important than his past or future
 People must take responsibility for their actions to be mentally healthy
 Every person deserves basic human dignity
 Self-improvement and self-understanding is the key to happiness

References

Psychology
Lapu-Lapu City

Lapu-Lapu City is a first class highly-urbanized city in the Philippine province of Cebu. The city occupies most of Mactan Island, a few kilometers off the main island of Cebu and also covers the area of Olango Island further to the southeast region, plus a few other islands. According to the 2007 census, it has a population of about 292,530 people.

The city is linked to Mandaue on mainland Cebu by the Mactan-Mandaue Bridge and Marcelo Fernan Bridge. Mactan-Cebu International Airport, the second busiest airport in the Philippines, is in Lapu-Lapu City. The only aquarium attraction in the Visayas is also in Lapu-lapu City. It is known as "Opon'.

Location
Lapu-Lapu City borders Mandaue to the west, Cebu Strait to the east, Consolacion to the north, and Cordova to the south.

History
In the 16th century, Mactan Island was colonized by Spain. Augustinian friars founded the town of Opon in 1730. It became a city in 1961 and was renamed after Native Royalty the Datu Lapu-Lapu, the Island's chieftain who defeated Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan in 1521. This battle is commemorated at the Lapu-Lapu shrine in Punta Engaño.

Politician Manuel A. Zosa, the representative of the Sixth District of Cebu, sponsored the Bill converting the former municipality of Opon into the present day City of Lapu-Lapu. This was the Republic Act 3134, known as the City Charter of Lapu-Lapu which was signed on June 17, 1961 by former Philippine President Carlos P. Garcia.

Barangays
Lapu-Lapu City is politically subdivided into 30 barangays.

Gallery

References

Other websites
Official Lapu-Lapu City government website 

Cities in the Philippines
1730 establishments
Establishments in the Philippines
1730s establishments in Asia
Lee Hoi-chang

Lee Hoi-chang(Korean:이회창, hanja:李會昌, June 2 1935 - ) is South korean politicians and Judges. Chairman of Comptroller's, 26th prime minister of South Korea. nickname was 'Kyungsa'(경사), 'TaeZZeok'(대쪽).

After 1960, he was served to 30years as a judge, 1993 13th Chairman of Comptroller's of South Korea, prime minister of South Korea December 17 1993 to June 2 1994.

books 
 『Beautiful's Principles』(아름다운 원칙)

Related pages
 Park Chung-hee
 Kim Young-sam
 Roh Tae-u
 Roh Moo-hyun
 Chun Doo-hwan

Other websites 
 Republic of Korea National Assembly:Lee Hoi-chang 
 ChangSarang  - Lee Hoi-chang's Fan Club
 Lee Hoi-chang 

1935 births
Living people
Prime Ministers of South Korea
Anti-Communists
David Trimble

William David Trimble, Baron Trimble, PC (born 15 October 1944, in Belfast), is a politician from Northern Ireland.  He was Leader of the Ulster Unionist Party (UUP; 1995–2005), the first First Minister of Northern Ireland (1998–2002), and was a Member of the House of Commons (1990–2005).

He is a life peer for the Conservative Party.  Trimble was awarded the 1998 Nobel Peace Prize, along with John Hume because of effort toward Belfast Agreement.

References

1944 births
Living people
British lawyers
British Nobel Prize winners
British Protestants
Conservative Party (UK) people
Former members of the British House of Commons for Northern Irish constituencies
Leaders of political parties in the United Kingdom
Members of the House of Lords
Nobel Peace Prize winners
Northern Ireland Assembly, Former Members
Northern Irish Christians
Presbyterians
Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom
UK MPs 1987–1992
UK MPs 1992–1997
UK MPs 1997–2001
UK MPs 2001–2005
Stamen

The stamen is a male reproductive organ of a flower. It produces the pollen. The stamen has two parts: anther and stalk. The stalk is also called a filament.

The anther contains microsporangia. Each microsporangium contains pollen mother cells. These undergo meiosis, and produce pollen grains, which contain the male gametes (sperm).

The pollen grains are actually haploid male gametophytes.

The pollen is released by the opening of the anther. The pollen is carried by some agent (wind, or some animal) to the receptive surface of the stigma of the same or another flower. This process is known as pollination. After successful pollination, the pollen grain (immature microgametophyte) completes its development by growing a pollen tube and the two male gametes move through the pollen tube to the ovule.

References 

Flowers
Plant anatomy
The Saga Begins

"The Saga Begins" is a song by "Weird Al" Yankovic. It is a parody of "American Pie" by Don McLean

"Weird Al" Yankovic songs
Parodies
1999 songs
It's All About the Pentiums

"It's All About the Pentiums" is a song by "Weird Al" Yankovic. It is a parody of "It's All about the Benjamins (Rock Remix)" by Sean "Puff Daddy" Combs . It is about a man who is obsessed with computers.

"Weird Al" Yankovic songs
Parodies
1999 songs
Pretty Fly for a Rabbi

"Pretty Fly for a Rabbi" (also called "Pretty Fly (For a Rabbi)" in Australia) is a song by "Weird Al" Yankovic. It is a parody of "Pretty Fly (For a White Guy)" by The Offspring.

"Weird Al" Yankovic songs
Parodies
1999 songs
You're Pitiful

"You're Pitiful" is a parody of "You're Beautiful" by James Blunt by parody musician "Weird Al" Yankovic. It was released only online in June 2006. Blunt's record label did not want Yankovic to release the song, so he put it on his website for a free download.

"Weird Al" Yankovic songs
Parodies
2006 songs
Stage (geology)

A stage or age in geology is a period of time measured in millions of years. It is less than an epoch, and more than a chron or chronozone.

Technically, a stage is a succession of rock strata laid down in a single age on the geologic timescale, which usually represents millions of years of sedimentation or deposition.  An example of a stage in the Geologic time scale is the Kimmeridgian.

Geological periods
Red beds

The term red beds usually refers to strata of reddish-colored sedimentary rocks such as sandstone, siltstone or shale that were deposited in hot climates under oxidizing conditions. They are usually formed in terrestrial situations: on land, and in rivers and lakes.

The red color comes from iron oxide in their mineral structure. Although they have been deposited throughout the Phanerozoic, they are most commonly associated with rocks deposited during the Devonian, Permian and Triassic periods. The Old Red Sandstone is one of the most famous rock formations.

Red beds have economic significance since many of them contain reservoirs of petroleum and natural gas.

Secondary red beds are linked to the uplift, erosion and surface weathering of previously deposited sediments and require conditions similar to primary red beds for their formation.

Formation 
The formation of red beds has been much discussed. The basic chemical change which produces them is oxidation. At first it was thought they indicated desert conditions. Some do, and this can be proved if the strata show signs of dune formations. However:

"In modern times red beds are often found in low-latitude tropical climates, and they are always associated with oxidising conditions... the redbeds may be associated with rain forests or places where the rainfall is high but confined to monsoonal periods... A good model for red bed-producing conditions today is the Amazon basin.

Related pages 
Old Red Sandstone
New Red Sandstone
Torridonian sandstone

References 

Sedimentary rocks
Wesel

Wesel is a city in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia. Wesel is near to Duisburg and belongs to the Ruhr area.
It has about 60,000 inhabitants.

It has been a city since 1241.

References

Other websites

Wesel (district)
Titanosaurus

Titanosaurus  was a genus of sauropod dinosaur, first described by Lydekker in 1877 from fragments, but not confirmed by later research. 

Titanosaurus was 9-12 metres (30-40 ft) long and weighed about 13 tons. Titanosaurus has traditionally been treated as a "wastebasket taxon" for poorly preserved sauropod remains. The most well-known species of Titanosaurus, "Titanosaurus" colberti, has been renamed Isisaurus. The remains were from the Upper Cretaceous of India.

Notes 

Cretaceous dinosaurs
Titanosaurs
Outlook, Saskatchewan

Outlook is a town in west central Saskatchewan. It is about 80 kilometres south-southwest of Saskatoon. About 2,000 people live in Outlook. It has the longest pedestrian bridge in Canada, the Skytrail.

Towns in Canada
Skytrail

The Skytrail Bridge is a bridge in Outlook, Saskatchewan that crosses the South Saskatchewan River. Today, it is a pedestrian bridge, but it was a railway until 1987. It is now the longest pedestrian bridge in Canada.

References

Bridges in Canada
Steel bridges
Scrophulariaceae

Scrophulariaceae, the figwort family, is a family of flowering plants, with around 3000 species in around 200 genera, mainly found in the northern temperate regions of the world. The family name is based on the name of the included genus Scrophularia.

Scrophulariaceae
Cold seep

A cold seep (sometimes called a cold vent) is an area of the ocean floor where hydrogen sulfide, methane and other hydrocarbon-rich liquids leak out of the Earth's crust, often in the form of a brine pool. Cold seeps form a biome supporting several native species.

Cold seeps change the shape of the ocean floor over time, where reactions between methane and seawater create carbonate rock formations and reefs. These reactions may change when bacteria are present.

Types 

Cold seeps at different depths have different names. Other kinds of cold seeps are:
 oil/gas seeps
 gas seeps: methane seeps
 gas hydrate seeps
 brine seeps are forming brine pools
 pockmarks
 mud volcanos

Formation and ecological succession 
Cold seeps occur over cracks in the seafloor caused by the movement of the Earth's crust. Oil and methane "seep" out of those cracks, get dissolved by tiny bits of rock, and emerge over an area several hundred meters wide.

Methane () is the main part of what we commonly refer to as natural gas. But in addition to being an important energy source for humans, methane also forms the basis of a cold seep ecosystem.
Biological oceanography
Biomes
Laguna (province)

Laguna is a landlocked province in the Philippines. It is about 30 kilometres south of Manila. Laguna is named after "La Laguna" which means the lake, meaning Laguna de Bay. This is the largest lake in the Philippines, and is on the north edge of the province.  Laguna province has six cities: Biñan, Cabuyao, Calamba, San Pablo, San Pedro, and Santa Rosa.  There are two international schools, IB World Schools, to be specific, located in Biñan: Brent International School Manila, and The Beacon Academy.

References

Provinces of the Philippines
Deposed Queen Lady Yun

Deposed Queen Lady Yun or Waste Queen Lady Yun (, hanja:廢妃 尹氏, 1445? - August 16, 1482) was Queen of Joseon Dynasty, King of Joseon Dynasty Seongjong's Second Wife, Mother of King Yeonsan. first cousin once removed to Shin Suk-ju.

References 
 http://people.aks.ac.kr/front/tabCon/ppl/pplView.aks?pplId=PPL_6JOa_A1445_2_0019315 
 http://100.naver.com/100.nhn?docid=181894
 http://www.ohmynews.com/NWS_Web/view/at_pg.aspx?CNTN_CD=A0000839977

1440s births
1482 deaths
Korean politicians
Murder victims
Table Mountain

Table Mountain is a flat-topped mountain overlooking the city of Cape Town in South Africa. It is 1084.6 meters (3,563-feet) tall, of sandstone and granite. With nearby mountains and Table Bay, it surrounds the central part of Cape Town.

It is a significant tourist attraction, featured in the flag of Cape Town and other local government insignia. Many visitors use the Table Mountain Aerial Cableway or hike to the top. The mountain forms part of the Table Mountain National Park.

Geology 
The upper part of the mountain mesa (table) consists Silurian/Ordovician quartzitic sandstone, commonly referred to as Table Mountain Sandstone (TMS). It is highly resistant to weathering and forms steep grey crags. 

Below the sandstone is a layer of micaceous shale, which weathers quite readily. The basement of folded metamorphic shales intruded by the Cape Granite are of late Precambrian age.

References

Other websites

A drawing of Table Mountain from the 1600's. 

Mountains of Africa
Geography of South Africa
Cape Town
Fingal’s Cave

Fingal's Cave is a sea cave on the uninhabited island of Staffa, in the Inner Hebrides of Scotland, part of a National Nature Reserve owned by the National Trust for Scotland. It is formed entirely from hexagonally jointed basalt columns. These are part of the same ancient lava flow as the Giant's Causeway in Northern Ireland and those of nearby Ulva. 

In both cases, the cooling surface of the mass of hot lava cracked in a hexagonal pattern in a similar way to drying mud cracking as it shrinks. These cracks slowly extended down into the mass of lava as it cooled and shrank to form the columns, which were later exposed by erosion.

The breakup of Pangaea separated the two parts of the same rock formation.

The size of the cave, and its naturally arched roof, and the eerie sounds produced by the echoes of waves, give it the atmosphere of a natural cathedral. The cave's Gaelic name, Uamh-Binn, means "cave of melody."

In art and literature

Romantic composer Felix Mendelssohn visited in 1829 and wrote Die Hebriden (in English, Hebrides Overture Opus 26, commonly known as Fingal's Cave overture), inspired by the weird echoes in the cave. Mendelssohn's overture popularized the cave as a tourist destination. Other famous 19th-century visitors included author Jules Verne; poets William Wordsworth, John Keats, and Alfred, Lord Tennyson; and Romantic artist J.M.W. Turner, who painted "Staffa, Fingal's Cave" in 1832. Queen Victoria also made the trip.

References 

Geography of Scotland
Igneous rocks
Deadpool

Deadpool (Finn Anderson the ranga), better known as Flanders not Randerz, is a comic book character in the Marvel Universe published by Marvel Comics. The character was created by Rob Leifeld in 1991. Deadpool began as a villain but is currently being used as an anti-hero and in his own comic book series he ended as a good guy. He is currently one of the most popular Marvel characters. He has had many of his own book series as well as been in most of Marvel's other titles. He is often seen in several of the X-Men series of books and is a regular character in the series "Uncanny X-Force".  His clothing is colored red and black, and he has two guns and short katanas as well as many other weapons.

Deadpool's special power is regeneration. His body can repair itself from any injury. He has formed a relationship with the personification of Death but because his healing power is so strong, he cannot die. This is a common theme in his stories. Deadpool is well known for "breaking the fourth wall". He knows he is a comic book character. Deadpool will often talk to the readers or refer to a specific issue when talking about something that happened in the past. He also can transport to the other alternative universes. His fighting skills are also very known.

In the comic book universe, Deadpool was mostly considered neutral and sometimes even evil, but near the end of the series he was proved to be a good person. He tried really hard to fight his own psychotic mind behaviour and stop killing people. He got married with a person that cared for him and had a daughter. He made friends with an agent of S.H.I.E.L.D. and by himself destroyed a whole evil army that was trying to kill his family. In the end, on a vacation with his family and friends, Deadpool hugged his daughter as a second earth came crashing down from the sky, presumably killing him and his family and friends, along with many lives on earth, joining up the story with Secret Wars.

However, Deadpool is seen again in the preview of All-new All-different Marvel, confirming his return.

Portrayals
He has been portrayed by Ryan Reynolds in X-Men Origins: Wolverine before having a more faithful take starting with Deadpool.

References

Fictional Canadian people
Fictional characters introduced in 1991
Fictional characters with slowed ageing
Fictional pansexuals
Marvel Comics adapted into movies
Marvel Comics characters
Marvel Comics mutates
Villain

A villain is a bad person in fiction. The word comes from a Latin word meaning a feudal farm worker or peasant. Villains, or antagonists, are usually found in fiction, such as books and movies. The audience do not usually like the villain and they support the hero or heroine. However, in some cases the villain is more praised by the public than the hero, as the example of Joker in the Batman franchise. In some movies and books (such as the movie Ocean's Eleven), the villain is a good person and the hero/heroine is bad (such as a robber). When used in comic books, they are depicted as supervillains. Supervillains usually hold some kind of unnatural force.

Literature
Movie terminology
Giant's Causeway

The Giant's Causeway  is an area of about 40,000 interlocking basalt columns. The formation is a result of an ancient volcanic eruption. It is in County Antrim on the northeast coast of Northern Ireland. It is a World Heritage Site by UNESCO. It was named a National Nature Reserve in 1987 by the Department of the Environment for Northern Ireland. In a 2005 poll of Radio Times readers, the Giant's Causeway was named as the fourth greatest natural wonder in the United Kingdom.

The tops of the columns form stepping stones that lead from the cliff foot and disappear under the sea. Most of the columns are hexagonal, although there are also some with four, five, seven and eight sides. The tallest are about 12 metres (36 ft) high, and the solidified lava in the cliffs is 28 metres thick in places.

The Giant's Causeway is today owned and managed by the National Trust. It is the most popular tourist attraction in Northern Ireland.

Geological significance 
The Giant's Causeway and Fingal's Cave are part of the same volcanic eruption. They were separated by the plate tectonics movements which happened when the supercontinent Pangaea broke up.

During the Palaeogene period, some 50 to 60 million years ago, Antrim was subject to intense volcanic activity. Highly fluid molten basalt intruded through chalk beds to form a large scale lava plateau. As the lava cooled rapidly, contraction occurred. The size of the columns is mostly determined by the speed at which lava from a volcanic eruption cools. The extensive fracture network produced the distinctive columns seen today. The basalts were originally part of a great volcanic plateau called the Thulean Plateau which formed during the Paleogene period. Parts of this plateau can be found in the Faroe Islands, Iceland, and Norway, as well as at Fingal's Cave.

Related pages 
Causeway
List of World Heritage Sites of the United Kingdom

References

Other websites

County Antrim
World Heritage Sites in the United Kingdom
Igneous rocks
National Trust properties
Ornithopter

An ornithopter from the ancient Greek language is an aircraft that flies by flapping its wings. Designers try to make the flapping-wing flight of birds, bats, and insects seem real. Though machines may differ in form, they are usually built on the same scale as these flying creatures. Manned ornithopters have also been built, and some have worked. The machines are of two general types: those with engines, and those powered by the muscles of the pilot.

Aircraft
Calgary Stampede

The Calgary Stampede happens every year and has a rodeo, exhibits, and a festival held every July in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. The ten-day event, which calls itself "The Greatest Outdoor Show on Earth," brings over one million visitors every year and has the world's largest rodeo. It also has a parade, rides, stage shows, concerts, farming games,and racing. People from Calgary also begin wearing cowboy hats and other cowboy gear in spirit of the event. The stampede began as a farming fair in 1886 and turned into the Calgary Stampede in 1923.

Other websites 
 [calgarystampede.ca]

Calgary
Equestrian sports
1886 establishments in North America
1880s establishments in Canada
Juggling

Juggling is a skill where a person (the juggler) keeps objects (props) moving for a long time, using their hands or other parts of their body. The most common props are balls (or beanbags), clubs and rings. Some jugglers use more dangerous-looking objects such as knives, fire torches and chainsaws. There are other kinds of juggling prop such as diabolos, yo-yos, poi, devil sticks, cigar boxes, foot bags and hats. Some jugglers use bouncing objects. 

Juggling can be for entertainment, art or sport.

References

Other websites

Entertainment
Performing arts
Mirror's Edge

Mirror's Edge is a single-player first person action-adventure video game made by Electronic Arts for Microsoft Windows, Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3.

Plot 
The plot of Mirror's Edge follows Faith, a member of a group called the Runners. The Runners deliver things from person to person as an underground system, as the city spies on the citizens a lot. Faith's sister is accused of killing a candidate for mayor of the city, and Faith finds out it's part of a plan to kill the Runners. The true killer ends up being an ex-Runner gone rogue working for the government, and Faith saves her sister from being arrested.

Other websites
Mirror's Edge Official website

PlayStation 3 games
Xbox 360 games
Windows games
2008 video games
2009 video games
Shooter video games
WWE Fatal 4-Way

Fatal 4-Way was a professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event made by World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE), which took place on June 20, 2010.

Results

References

World Wrestling Entertainment pay-per-view events
2010 in professional wrestling
2010 in New York (state)
June events
Okaloosa County, Florida

Okaloosa County is a county in the U.S. state of Florida, and was formed on June 13, 1915. As of 2000, 170,498 people lived there. Okaloosa County's seat is Crestview.

Other websites
 Official county website

Florida counties
1915 establishments in the United States
1910s establishments in Florida
Martin County, Florida

Martin County is a county in the U.S. state of Florida, and was formed on June 13, 1915. As of 2000, 170,498 people lived there. Martin County's seat is Stuart. The county is named after John W. Martin. The state park Jonathan Dickinson State Park is in this county.

Other websites
 Official county website

Florida counties
1925 establishments in Florida
Wuerhosaurus

Wuerhosaurus was a stegosaurid dinosaur (related to Stegosaurus) from the Lower Cretaceous of China.

Many details of the skeleton are lacking. It had bony, rounded plates along its back and probably 4 bony spikes at the tip of its tail. It had a shorter body and wider hip bones than other stegosaurids. It was one of the last genera of stegosaur known to survive, since most others died out by the end of the Jurassic.

References

Dinosaurs of Asia
Cretaceous dinosaurs
Stegosaurs
Franklin County, Florida

Franklin County is a county in the U.S. state of Florida, and was formed on June 13, 1915. As of 2000, 11,057 people lived there. Franklin County's seat is Apalachicola.

Other websites
 Official county website

Florida counties
1832 establishments in Florida Territory
Hillsborough County, Florida

Hillsborough County is a county in the U.S. state of Florida, and was formed on June 13, 1915. As of 2000, 11,057 people lived there. Hillsborough County's seat is Tampa.

References

Other websites
Official county website

Florida counties
1834 establishments in the United States
1830s establishments in Florida Territory
Inner Hebrides

The Inner Hebrides is an archipelago off the west coast of Scotland, to the south east of the Outer Hebrides.  

Together these two island chains form the Hebrides, which enjoy a mild oceanic climate because the Gulf Stream runs past them. 

There are 36 inhabited islands and a further 43 uninhabited Inner Hebrides with an area greater than . The main commercial activities are tourism, crofting, fishing, and whisky distilling. 

Combined, the islands have an area of approximately , and had a population of 18,257 people in 2001. The population density is therefore a little over 4 persons per km2 (11 persons per square mile).

There are various important prehistoric structures, many of which pre-date the first written references to the islands by Roman and Greek authors. 

In the historic period the earliest known settlers were Picts to the north and Gaels in the south. The islands became part of the Kingdom of Mann and the Isles, the Suðreyjar kingdom of the Norse. The Norsemen ruled for over 400 years until sovereignty was transferred to Scotland by the Treaty of Perth in 1266. 

Control of the islands was then held by various clan chiefs, principal of which were the Clan MacLeod and Clan MacDonald. The Highland Clearances of the 19th century had a devastating effect on many communities and it is only in recent years that population levels have ceased to decline.

Sea transport is crucial and ferry services operate between the islands and the mainland Britain. The Gaelic language and the Wee Free Church of Scotland remains strong in some areas. The landscapes have inspired a variety of artists, and there is a diversity of wildlife.

Islands 
Coll
Colonsay
Eigg
Islay
Jura
Mull
Muck
Raasay
Rùm
Skye
Staffa
Tiree
Skye, Mull and Islay are the largest islands.

There are also many small, uninhabited islands. One of the uninhabited isles, Staffa, is home to Fingal's Cave and basalt columns.

References
Hebrides

The Hebrides are two archipelagos off the west coast of Scotland. They are:
The Outer Hebrides
The Inner Hebrides

Hebrides or Hebridean may also be:
Hebridean (sheep), a breed of sheep
Hebrides Overture, music by Felix Mendelssohn
Scion xB

The Scion xB was a car made by Toyota for the United States and is sold under the Scion brand. It is a box-shaped, 5-door small car and is sometimes called the box car. There are two types of Scion xB cars on the road today. The first type was made from 2004 until 2006. This type was known for its boxy shape and high fuel economy. 
The second type started being made in 2008 and is still being made today. This type looks much rounder and it is more powerful than the first type of car. This type is also not as popular because it is a more generic type of car. There has been a lot of criticism about the second type of Scion xB because of this reason. Also, many original xB owners despise the xB2 even being called an xB. The xB2 has its own name in other markets. Scion used the xB name in an attempt to help sell it in America.

Toyota automobiles

it:Scion xB
Earthquake protector

An earthquake protector is a type of base isolation made to protect building and non-building structures against damage from strong earthquakes.

A building's seismic performance may be improved by reducing vibrations. This may be done with damping mechanisms in vibration control technologies and especially in base isolation.

However, for the very pliant systems such as base isolated structures, with a relatively low bearing stiffness but with a high damping, the so-called "damping force" may turn out the main pushing force at a strong earthquake. This finding created a theoretical ground in earthquake engineering for a damping-disengaged base isolation technology called Earthquake protector.

Notes

Earthquake engineering
Research
Storegga Slide

The three Storegga Slides were large landslides. They occurred under water, at the edge of Norway's continental shelf, in the Norwegian Sea. This is between Norway and Greenland, just north of Great Britain.

They caused a very large tsunami in the North Atlantic Ocean. About 290 km length of coastal shelf, 3,500 km3 of debris fell. This is an area the size of Iceland covered to a depth of 34 m (112 ft).

Based on carbon dating of plant material, the latest incident occurred around 6100 BC. 

In Scotland, traces of this tsunami have been found in the Montrose Basin (estuary of the South Esk river), and the Firth of Forth, up to 80 km inland and 4 metres above today's normal tide levels.

For the Ormen Lange natural gas field, the incident has been thoroughly investigated. One conclusion is that the slide was caused by material built up during the previous ice age, and that it would only happen again after a new ice age. This conclusion is supported by scientific studies. Facts and arguments supporting this conclusion were made public in 2004.

It was decided that the development of the Ormen Lange gas field would not significantly increase the risk of triggering a new slide. A new slide would trigger a very large tsunami which would be devastating for the coast areas around the North Sea and the Norwegian Sea.

References 

Geology
Geography of Europe
Tsunamis
Seas
Brett Skinner

Brett Skinner (born June 28, 1983 in Brandon, Manitoba) is a Canadian professional ice hockey defenceman currently playing in the Russian Kontinental Hockey League with Amur Khabarovsk.

Playing career
Skinner was drafted by the Vancouver Canucks 68th overall in the 3rd round of the 2002 NHL Entry Draft. Brett was a member of the Trail Smoke Eaters in the BCHL in 2000–01, the Des Moines Buccaneers in the USHL in 2001–02, and then the University of Denver from 2002–2005.  As a Denver Pioneer, he was a member of two NCAA national championship winning teams, was named an All-American in 2004–05. He was named team captain for what would have been his senior year at Denver (2005–06) but  signed his first professional contract with the Canucks on August 30, 2005, and made his pro debut with affiliate, the Manitoba Moose of the AHL, in the 2005–06 season. At the trade deadline, Skinner was traded by the Canucks, along with a 2nd round pick to the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim for Keith Carney and Juha Alen on March 9, 2006. Despite being dealt, Skinner remained on loan with the Moose until the end of the season.

Brett spent the 2006–07 season, playing with the Augusta Lynx, Portland Pirates and the Omaha Ak-Sar-Ben Knights. He was traded by the Ducks, along with Nathan Saunders, to the Boston Bruins for Mark Mowers just prior to the 2007–08 season on September 24, 2007. Skinner enjoyed a break out year with the Providence Bruins recording 47 points in 68 games and playing in the AHL All-Star game.

On July 3, 2008, Skinner was signed to a one-year contract by the New York Islanders. Brett was assigned to affiliate, the Bridgeport Sound Tigers of the AHL, to start the 2008–09 season. When a rash of injuries hit the Islanders, Skinner was recalled and made his NHL debut in a 4-2 defeat against the New York Rangers on October 27, 2008. Skinner played 11 games with the Isles before he was returned to the Sound Tigers. On January 13, 2009, Brett was traded by the Islanders to the Atlanta Thrashers for Junior Lessard. He was then assigned to affiliate, the Chicago Wolves, where he remained for the rest of the season.

On July 8, 2009, Skinner signed a one-year contract with the Colorado Avalanche. He was assigned to the Avalanche's AHL affiliate, the Lake Erie Monsters, for 2009–10. Skinner scored 28 points in 73 games for the Monsters. During the season on January 22, 2010, Skinner was re-called but did not debut with the Avalanche.

Skinner left North America as a free agent and signed a one-year contract with Russian team, Amur Khabarovsk, of the KHL on August 12, 2010.

Awards and achievements
2004–05 - WCHA  First All-Star Team
2004–05 - NCAA  Frozen Four All-American Team
2004–05 - NCAA  West Second All-American Team

Career statistics

References

Other websites 
 

1983 births
American Hockey League players
Canadian ice hockey defencemen
ECHL players
Ice hockey people from Manitoba
Living people
New York Islanders players
Swedish Hockey League players
United States Hockey League players
Alex Smart

Alexander Smart (May 29, 1918 – April 18, 2005) was a Canadian ice hockey forward.  He played one season for the Montreal Canadiens of the National Hockey League and spent the majority of his career in the Quebec Senior Hockey League.

Playing career
Born in Brandon, Manitoba, Smart played junior hockey in the Manitoba Junior Hockey League with the Portage Terriers for two seasons.  In 1937–38, joined the senior ranks with the Toronto Marlboros of the Ontario Hockey Association and scored 23 points in 12 games at a goal-per-game pace.  The following season, he began a three-year stint in the Montreal City Hockey League (MCHL) with the Verdun Maple Leafs and Montreal Sr. Canadiens.

In 1941–42, Smart moved with the Sr. Canadiens to the Quebec Senior Hockey League (QSHL).  Affiliated with the Montreal Canadiens of the National Hockey League, Smart was called up to the NHL in 1943 and, on January 14, became the first player in league history to score a hat trick in his NHL debut (this feat was later matched by Réal Cloutier of the Quebec Nordiques in 1979, Fabian Brunnström of the Dallas Stars in 2008, and Derek Stepan of the New York Rangers in 2010).  He completed the season with 5 goals and 2 assists in 8 games – the lone NHL stint of his career.  

Smart spent the remainder of his career in the QSHL with the Montreal Royals and Ottawa Senators with the exception of one more season in the MCHL with the Montreal Vickers and the final season of his career in the OVHL with Eastview St. Charles.  He recorded a career-high 66 points in 47 games with the Senators in 1947–48, then helped the club to an Allan Cup in 1949 as Canada's senior amateur champions. Smart retired after the 1950–51 season spent with Eastview.

Post-playing career
After retiring from the QSHL, Smart became a scout for the Los Angeles Kings and worked with Goodyear Tire for forty years.

References

Other websites

http://ourhistory.canadiens.com/player/Alex-Smart

1918 births
2005 deaths
Ice hockey people from Manitoba
Montreal Canadiens players
Canadian ice hockey left wingers
Brock Trotter

Brock Trotter (born January 16, 1987) is a Canadian professional ice hockey Centre who is currently an unrestricted free agent. He played two games in the NHL with the Montreal Canadiens during the 2009-10 NHL season.

Playing career
On April 15, 2008, he was recalled from the Hamilton Bulldogs of the American Hockey League. He was expected to play his first NHL game on April 19, 2008, against the Boston Bruins but was a late scratch. In the 2009–10 season on February 5, 2010 Brock was again recalled from Hamilton Bulldogs to Montreal. He finally made his NHL debut on February 6, 2010 against the Pittsbugh Penguins in a 5-3 victory. Playing with familiar Bulldogs teammates with Ryan White and David Desharnais, Trotter went scoreless in two games before returning to the Bulldogs to lead the team with 36 goals and place second to Desharnais with 77 points.

On July 28, 2010, Trotter left the Canadiens organization and North America to sign a two-year contract as a free agent with Latvian team Dinamo Riga of the KHL.

Career statistics

Regular season and playoffs

References

Other websites

1987 births
American Hockey League players
Canadian ice hockey centres
Ice hockey people from Manitoba
Living people
Montreal Canadiens players
Swedish Hockey League players
United States Hockey League players
Firth of Forth

The Firth of Forth is the estuary or firth of Scotland's River Forth. It flows into the North Sea, between Fife to the north, and West Lothian, the City of Edinburgh and East Lothian to the south. 

Geologically, the Firth of Forth is a fjord, formed by the Forth Glacier in the last glacial period. The river is tidal as far inland as Stirling. 

Traffic is carried across the Firth on the Kincardine Bridge, the Forth Road Bridge and the Forth Rail Bridge. In the 21st century, the Clackmannanshire Bridge has been built close to the Kincardine Bridge and the Queensferry Crossing has been built close to the Forth Road Bridge to handle increased road traffic.

In July 2007, a hovercraft passenger service completed a two week trial between Portobello, Edinburgh and Kirkcaldy, Fife. The trial of the service (marketed as "Forthfast") was hailed as a major operational success, with an average passenger load of 85%. It was predicted to cut congestion for commuters on the Forth road and rail bridges by carrying about 870,000 passengers a year. The service was canceled in 2011.

References 

Geography of Scotland
Don't Download This Song

"Don't Download This Song" is a song by "Weird Al" Yankovic. It is a style parody of charity songs like "We Are the World".

"Weird Al" Yankovic songs
2006 songs
White & Nerdy

"White & Nerdy" is a song by "Weird Al" Yankovic. It is a parody of "Ridin' Dirty'" by Chamillionaire and Krayzie Bone. It is about him who is a nerd who wants to join a gang, but cannot because he is too "white and nerdy".

"Weird Al" Yankovic songs
Parodies
2006 songs
Canadian Idiot

"Canadian Idiot" is a song by "Weird Al" Yankovic. It is a parody of "American Idiot" by Green Day.

"Weird Al" Yankovic songs
Parodies
2006 songs
EBay (song)

"eBay" is a song by "Weird Al" Yankovic.  It is a parody of "I Want It That Way" by Backstreet Boys. It is about a man who buys strange and unnecessary things on eBay.

References

"Weird Al" Yankovic songs
Parodies
2007 songs
Northern Isles

The Northern Isles  are a chain of islands off the north coast of mainland Scotland.

The group includes Shetland, Fair Isle and Orkney.  Sometimes Stroma is included, which is part of Caithness.

Culture and politics
The Northern Isles are usually separated for political purposes, but they come under the Orkney and Shetland parliamentary constituency in Westminster.

Due to their history, the islands have a Norse, rather than a Gaelic flavour, and have historic links with the Faroes, Iceland, and Norway.

Orkney and Shetland were given to Scotland as a deposit on the dowry of Margaret of Denmark when she married James III of Scotland in 1469.

References 

Islands of Scotland
Michele Bachmann

Michele Marie (née Amble) Bachmann (born April 6, 1956) is a Republican politician and activist. Since 2007 she has been a United States Congresswoman from Minnesota.

Early life and career 
She was born in Waterloo, Iowa but grew up in Anoka, Minnesota.  At age 16 she became a born again Christian. In 1974 she spent a summer on a Kibbutz near Beer Sheva, Israel. She went to college at Winona State University. In the 1980s and 90s, she was a tax attorney. She was also a pro-life advocate.  She served in the Minnesota State Senate from 2001 to 2007.  Since 2007, she has been a U.S. Congresswoman from Minnesota's 6th district.  Bachmann is one of the leaders of the Tea Party movement in Congress.  She started the Congressional Tea Party Caucus.  She has often been critical of President Obama, who she considers anti-American.  Bachmann has been critical of the American education system, in part because it teaches evolution.  Bachmann also does not believe in global warming.  In June 2012, she said that she was running for President of the United States.

Personal information 
She is married to Marcus Bachmann. They live in Stillwater, Minnesota where they run a mental health care practice with 42 employees. They have five children and 23 foster children.

References

Other websites 
 Michele Bachmann on Families & Children
 Did Michele Bachmann "raise" 23 foster kids? CBS News

1956 births
Living people
American Evangelicals
Politicians from Iowa
2012 United States presidential candidates
United States representatives from Minnesota
People from Waterloo, Iowa
Winona, Minnesota

Winona is a city in southeast Minnesota just west of the Mississippi River. Winona State University serves the region.

Cities in Minnesota
County seats in Minnesota
For Your Entertainment

For Your Entertainment is the debut studio album by American singer and American Idol season 8 runner-up Adam Lambert. The album was recorded during the summer and fall of 2009 and was released on November 23, 2010 in the United States. The album was released under RCA Records. The album was produced by Dr Luke, Max Martin, Linda Perry, and Ryan Tedder. It his #1 on the U.S. Billboard 200 chart and #29 on the 2010 Year-End U.S. Billboard 200 chart.

Release
The album was first released in the United Kingdom, on November 20, 2009, to generally positive reception. The album was released internationally with "Time for Miracles", "Master Plan", "No Boundaries", "Down the Rabbit Hole" and "Voodoo" as bonus tracks. The CD was also released in a Tour Edition, featuring the bonus tracks, live performances, music videos, and the making of "If I Had You"'s music video.

The album was released with a different cover, the same image of the title track artwork. The only difference it's that "Adam Lambert" and "For Your Entertainment" are above, instead of being down.

Track listing
 Music Again (Justin Hawkins) - 3:16
 For Your Entertainment (Lukasz Gottwald, Claude Kelly) - 3:35
 Whataya Want from Me (P!nk, Max Martin) - 3:47
 Strut (Kara DioGuardi, Greg Wells, Adam Lambert) - 3:30
 Soaked (Matt Bellamy) - 4:33
 Sure Fire Winners (David Gamson) - 3:33
 A Loaded Smile (Linda Perry, A. Lambert) - 4:04
 If I Had U (Max Martin) - 3:48
 Pick U Up (Rivers Cuomo, Max Martin, Wells, A. Lambert) - 4:00
 Fever (Lady GaGa) - 3:26
 Sleepwalker (Ryan Tedder) - 4:25
 Aftermath (Lambert, Alisan Porter, Ferras, Ely Rise Howard Benson) - 4:26
 Broken Open (Wells, A. Lambert) - 5:11

2010 albums
Debut albums
Dance-pop albums
Adam Lambert
Ingredient

An ingredient is a part that forms part of a mixture (in a general sense). For example, in cooking, recipes specify which ingredients are used to prepare a specific dish. Many commercial products contain a secret ingredient that is purported to make them better than competing products. In the health industry, an active ingredient is that part of a recipe that yields the effect required by the buyer.

National laws usually require prepared food products to show a list of ingredients, and require that certain "bad things" be listed.

In most developed countries, the law requires that ingredients be listed according to their weight in the product. If an ingredient itself consists of more than one ingredient (such as the cookie pieces which are a part of "cookies and cream" flavor ice cream), then that ingredient is listed by what percentage of the total product it occupies, with its own ingredients showed next to it in brackets.
Chainsaw

A chainsaw (or chain saw) is a portable mechanical saw, typically powered by a two-stroke engine. It is used for cutting trees, to fell snags, to cut firebreaks in wild land fires, and to harvest firewood. Special chainsaws are used for cutting concrete.

Parts
A chainsaw has several parts, including:

Engine — usually a two-stroke gasoline (petrol) internal combustion engine, usually with a cylinder volume of  or electric motor. 
Drive mechanism — typically a clutch and sprocket. 
Guide bar — a long bar with a round end of wear-resistant alloy steel usually  in length. An edge slot guides the cutting chain. 
Cutting chain — Usually each segment in this chain (which is constructed from riveted metal sections similar to a bicycle chain, but without rollers) features small sharp blades called teeth. The bottom of each link features a small metal finger called a "drive link" which locates the chain on the bar, helps to carry lubrication oil around the bar, and engages with the engine's drive sprocket inside the body of the saw. 

As chainsaw carving has become more popular, the makers of chainsaws are making special short, narrow-tipped bars for carving. These are called "quarter tipped," "nickel tipped" or "dime tipped" bars, based on the size of the round tip. After sometime the chainsaw chain gets dull.

References

Gardening tools
Orion (spacecraft)

Orion is a spacecraft built by Lockheed Martin for NASA. Each Orion spacecraft will be able to carry up to six astronauts. The Orion vehicle will be launched on the Space Launch System. The first launch (Exploration Flight Test-1) was on the Delta IV Heavy.

Orion will launch from Launch Complex 39B at Kennedy Space Center, the same launch site used by the Space Shuttle and the Saturn V. Orion is meant to take humans to the Moon and Mars.

History

Orion was first made for the Constellation program in 2004, as the Orion CEV (Orion Crew Exploration Vehicle). It was meant to be launched on the Ares I rocket. Then it would be able to go to the International Space Station. It was also planned to go to a spacecraft launched in pieces on different Ares V rockets, and the spacecraft with the Orion would go to the Moon, Mars, or another place.

On October 11, 2010, Constellation was cancelled. They created a new program and a new rocket called the Space Launch System, and changed the name of Orion to the Orion Multi-Purpose Crew Vehicle. This rocket will launch Orion for going to the Moon in 2022 and Mars in 2033.

Related pages
 NASA
 Space Launch System

References

Other websites 
Orion NASA webpage

NASA spacecraft
Orion program