cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Kashgar

Kashgar or Kashi is an oasis county-level city with about 350,000 residents in the far west of the People's Republic of China, near the border with Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan. Kashgar is the administrative centre of Kashgar Prefecture of the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region which has a population of approximately 4 million. The city's urban area covers , though its administrative area extends for .

Kashgar was the meeting point for the southern and northern ancient Silk Routes for 2000 years because of its situation. The Taklamakan Desert is to the east of the city while westwards are the high mountains of Pamir so camels must be exchanged for yaks (or vice versa). Kashgar remains very much a predominantly Uighur city; its market called Sunday Bazaar  is resorted to by merchants from nearby countries such as Kazakhstan, Tadjikistan, and Kirghizistan and is reputed the largest in Central Asia.

References

Other websites

Official website 
Kashgar Photos

Cities in China
Conrad Vernon

Conrad Vernon (born July 11, 1968) is an American movie director, screenwriter, producer, voice actor and comedian. He is best known for his work in DreamWorks animated movies. These include Shrek 2, Monsters vs. Aliens and especially Madagascar 3: Europe's Most Wanted.

Life and career
Vernon was born and raised in Lubbock, Texas. He studied at CalArts. Vernon worked as a storyboard artist in Ralph Bakshi's  Cool World, 2 Stupid Dogs, Rocko's Modern Life, Nightmare Ted and Morto the Magician. Vernon joined DreamWorks in 1996 and worked as a storyboard artist again in Antz. After the success of Antz, he became one of the writers for Shrek, where he also made the voice of Gingerbread Man. He also appeared in Shrek 4-D and Sinbad: Legend of the Seven Seas. Conrad also worked in Shrek 2, which was his first work as a director. The movie was nominated for an Academy Award. Later, he created the voice of Mason the chimpanzee in the popular DreamWorks movies Madagascar, Madagascar: Escape 2 Africa, Madagascar 3: Europe's Most Wanted and the TV show. He also co-directed the third Madagascar movie. Vernon also wrote the original story and directed Monsters vs. Aliens, where he also created the voice of Insectosaurus. He also produced The Annoying Orange TV series.

References

Other websites

1968 births
Living people
People from Lubbock, Texas
American movie directors
American voice actors
Comedians from Texas
Movie producers from Texas
Qadiri

The Qadiri  or Qadiriyya  tarika or tariqah (Way/Path) is one of the major Sufi orders or schools. It was founded by Hazrat Sheikh Abd al-Qadir al-Gillani a Sufi sage and holy man in Baghdad. 

 

Islam
Sufic orders
Suhrawardi

The Suhrawardi or Suhrawardiyya tarika (Way/Path) is one of the main Sufi orders or schools. It was founded by the Sufi sage Shahab-ud-din Suhrawardi.

Islam
Sufic orders
Naqshbandi

The Naqshbandi or Naqshbandiyya  tarika (Way/Path/School) of Sufism is a mystic order founded by the Sufi sage, Baha-ud-din Naqshband.

Schools of Islamic law
Sufic orders
Mevlevi

The Mevlevi or Mevleviyya order (whirling dervishes) is a  school (tarika) of Sufism was founded by Hazrat Sheikh Mevlana Jalal-ud-din Rumi. He was also sometimes known as Jalal-ud-din Balkhi as he came from Balkh, Afghanistan, and settled in Konya, (modern Turkey). This order is also called the 'Order of the Whirling Dervishes' because of the famous sema whirling/dancing ritual that they practice. 

Schools of Islamic law
Sufic orders
1870 United States Census

The United States Census of 1870 was the ninth United States Census. It was done by the Census Bureau in June 1870. The 1870 Census was the first census to give detailed information on the black population. The population was 38,555,983 individuals. This was a 22.62% increase since 1860.  

1870
1870s in the United States
United States Census
1880 United States Census

The United States Census of 1880 was the tenth United States Census.  It was done by the Census Bureau during June 1880. It was the first time that women were allowed to be enumerators. The Superintendent of the Census was Francis Amasa Walker.

The 1880 census found the population of the United States to be 50,189,209. This was an increase of 30.2 percent from the 1870 Census.

References

1880
1880s in the United States
United States Census
1890 United States Census

The Eleventh United States Census was taken June 2, 1890. The total population was found to be 62,947,714. Most of the 1890 census materials were destroyed in a 1921 fire.

The data was tabulated by machine for the first time. Herman Hollerith invented this way of tabulating data. This technology made the time to tabulate the census change from eight years for the 1880 census to one year for the 1890 census.

1890 showed a total of 248,253 Native Americans living in America.  This is down from 400,764 Native Americans in the 1850 census.

The 1890 census said that the frontier part of the United States no longer existed,

References

United States Census
1890
1900 United States Census

The Twelfth United States Census was done by the Census Office on  June 1, 1900. It found the population of the United States to be 76,212,168. This was an increase of 21.0 percent from the 1890 Census.

References

Other websites 

 Historic US Census data

1900 in the United States
United States Census
Chishti

The Chishtī Order  or Chishtiyya 'is a Sufi order or school within the mystic tradition of Islam. It began in Chisht, a small town near Herat, Afghanistan in  about 930 AD. The Order is known for its emphasis on love, tolerance, and openness.

The order was founded by Abu Ishaq Shami ("the Syrian") who taught Sufism in the town of Chisht, some 95 miles east of Herat in present-day western Afghanistan.

The Chishti Order is mostly followed in Afghanistan and South Asia. It was the first of the four main Sufi orders (Chishti, Qadiriyya, Suhrawardiyya and Naqshbandi) to be established in this region. Moin-ud-din Chishti was a medieval saint who first introduced the Chishti Order in Lahore (Punjab) and Ajmer (Rajasthan),  in the early or middle of the 12th century AD. From these places it spread out throughout medieval India. There are now several branches of the order, which has been the most prominent South Asian Sufi brotherhood since that time. Chapters and branches are also found as far as Europe, North America and Australia, introduced there by immigrants from present India and Pakistan.

References 

Islam
Sufic orders
1910 United States Census

The Thirteenth United States Census was done by the Census Bureau on April 15, 1910.  It found the population of the United States to be 92,228,496.  This was an increase of 21.0 percent from the 1900 Census.

Other websites

Historic US Census data

1910 in the United States
United States Census
1920 United States Census

The Fourteenth United States Census was done by the Census Bureau in January 1920.  It found the population of the United States to be 106,021,537.  This was an increase of 15.0 percent from the 1910 Census.

Other websites

United States Census
1920 in the United States
1930 United States Census

The Fifteenth United States Census was done by the Census Bureau in April 1930. It found the population of the United States to be 122,775,046.  It was an increase of 13.7 from the 1920 Census.

Other websites

1930 in the United States
United States Census
1940 United States Census

The Sixteenth United States Census was done by the Census Bureau.  It found the  population of the United States to be 132,164,569.  This was an increase of 7.3 percent from the 1930 population.  The census date of record was April 1, 1940.

A number of new questions were asked.  These included where people were 5 years before, highest level of education, and information about wages.

1940
1940s in the United States
United States Census
Moin-ud-din Chishti

Sultan-ul-Hind, Hazrat Sheikh Khwaja Moin-ud-din Chishti Ajmeri, was born in 1141 and died in 1236 AD. He is also known as Gharīb Nawāz ( Benefactor of the Poor).  He is the most famous Sufi saint of the Chishti Order of South Asia. Moinuddin Chishti introduced and established this Order in India. His shrine is at Ajmer, Rajasthan, India. 

1141 births
1230 deaths
Asian Sufis
Muslims
David Lean

Sir David Lean (1908-1991) was a British movie director. He was born in Croydon, Surrey. He directed Dr Zhivago, Lawrence of Arabia and The Bridge on the River Kwai. He died in Limehouse, east London.

Other websites 

Academy Award winning directors
British movie editors
English movie directors
English movie producers
English screenwriters
Golden Globe Award winning directors
Writers from Surrey
1908 births
1991 deaths
Isaac Yamma

Isaac Yamma (1940 – January 1990) was a country singer from central Australia. He was one of the earliest musicians in Australia to become well known singing Western-style songs in an indigenous language. Isaac was a Pitjantjatjara man who was born by a waterhole near Docker River. He started his musical career as a member of a band called Areyonga Desert Tigers. He later formed his own band, the Pitjantjatjara Country Band. It was made up of his sons Hector, Frank, Peter and Paul and his cousin Russell Yamma. His song were mostly sung in Pitjantjatjara.

Discography
Albums
Isaac Yama and the Pitjantjatjara Country Band (1987) - CAAMA
Isaac Yama and the Pitjantjatjara Country Band No.2 (1987) - CAAMA
Compilations
Papal Concert, Alice Springs (1982) - CAAMA
Desert Songs 1 (1982) - CAAMA
Desert Songs 2 (1983) - CAAMA
From the Bush (1990) - CAAMA
AIDS: How Could I Know (1989) - CAAMA
25th Anniversary Compilation 2 (2006) - CAAMA

References

1940 births
1990 deaths
Australian guitarists
Australian singer-songwriters
Indigenous Australian musicians
Musicians from the Northern Territory
Pitjantjatjara
Australian country musicians
Bicentenaria

Bicentenaria is a genus of carnivorous coelurosaurian theropods which lived during the early Upper Cretaceous (about 90 million years ago) in what is now Argentina. It contains only the type species, Bicentenaria argentina. Estimates suggest that it was  in length. This name was first reported in June 2012.

The small carnivore is an early relative of the much later giant Tyrannosaurus.

References

Dinosaurs of South America
Cretaceous dinosaurs
Coelurosaurs
Elasticity of substitution

Elasticity of substitution is a measure of how easily something is able to be substituted with something else. It is often used in marketing and economics. A product has a low elasticity if it is unable to raise its price because similar products (substitutes) are available. A product that is unique is able to charge higher prices because there are not as many choices. For example, in a fish market, there are many fishermen selling many fish. The price is not elastic because there is competition between many suppliers of fish.

Economics
Suicide Silence

Suicide Silence is an American deathcore band from Riverside, California. Suicide Silence has four members in the band; the current band members are Chris Garza, Mark Heylmun, Alex Lopez and Dan Kenny. 

The band was formed in 2002. They released a self-title EP on September 30, 2005 and released their debut album "The Cleansing" on September 18, 2007. The band won the Revolver Golden God award for "Best New Talent" in 2009.

On November 1, 2012, the Orange County Coroners Office said that lead singer Mitch Lucker had died from injuries that were caused by a motorcycle accident. In 2013, the band said that Hernan "Eddie" Hermida would become the lead singer for the band. Hermida was the vocalist for All Shall Perish before he joined Suicide Silence.

Band members 
Current
Chris Garza – rhythm guitar (2002–present)
Mark Heylmun – lead guitar (2006–present)
Alex Lopez – drums (2006–present)
Dan Kenny – bass guitar (2008–present)
Hernan "Eddie" Hermida – lead vocals (2013–present)

Former
Tanner Womack – co-lead vocals (2002)
Rick Ash – lead guitar (2002–2006)
Josh Goddard – drums (2002–2006)
Mike Bodkins – bass guitar, backing vocals (2002–2008)
Mitch Lucker – lead vocals (2002–2012; deceased)

Discography 
So far, Suicide Silence have released 5 albums:

Albums
The Cleansing (2007)
No Time to Bleed (2009)
The Black Crown (2011)
You Can't Stop Me (2014)
Suicide Silence (2017)

References

Other websites 
Official website

2000s American music groups
2010s American music groups
Deathcore bands
Musical groups from California
People from Riverside, California
2002 establishments in the United States
Musical groups established in 2002
2000s establishments in California
Kirklees

Kirklees is NOT a part of West Yorkshire, it never has been and never will be. In Northern England, Huddersfield is the largest Town and best place, ever. Sadly Kirklees Council are try to destroy the Great Town of Huddersfield.

West Yorkshire
Helen Hardacre

Helen Hardacre (born May 20, 1949) is an American academic and Japanologist.  At Harvard University, she is the Reischauer Professor of Japanese Religions and Society.

Early life
Hardacre is the daughter of British historian Paul H. Hardacre. 

Her research was supported by a Gugghenheim fellowship.

Career
Hardacre was Director of the Edwin O. Reischauer Institute of Japanese Studies from 1995 through 1998. 

Her research interests focused on religion in Japan and the history of Japan.Japanese Studies Association of Australia (JSAA),  2005 Conference, keynote speaker bio notes

Selected works
In a statistical overview derived from writings by and about Helen Hardacre, OCLC/WorldCat encompasses roughly 30+ works in 80+ publications in 3 languages and 5,000+ library holdings

 Lay Buddhism in Contemporary Japan : Reiyūkai Kyōdan, 1983
 The Religion of Japan's Korean Minority : the Preservation of Ethnic Identity, 1984
 Kurozumikyō and the New Religions of Japan, 1985
 Maitreya, the Future Buddha, 1988
 Marketing the Menacing Fetus in Japan, 1988
 Shintō and the State, 1868-1988, 1989
 Asian Visions of Authority Religion and the Modern States of East and Southeast Asia, 1994
 New Directions in the Study of Meiji Japan, 1997
 The Postwar Development of Japanese Studies in the United States, 1998
 Religion and Society in Nineteenth-Century Japan: a Study of the Southern Kantō Region, using late Edo and early Meiji Gazetteers, 2002

Notes

Other websites
  Hardacre, Helen, 1949-  at Virtual International Authority File (VIAF)

1949 births
Living people
Japanologists
American historians
Shandy

Shandy is a drink made of beer and something else, usually soda or lemonade. It is like a cocktail with beer instead of spirits.

Beer
Tjunkaya Tapaya

Tjunkaya Tapaya (born 1947) is an Aboriginal Australian artist. She is most recognised for her batik work, and is one of the most well-known batik artists in Australia. Her works also include acrylic paintings, weaving, ceramics, wood carving and printmaking. Most of Tapaya's paintings depict places and events from her family's dreaming stories. Her batik work is of the classic Ernabella style, which eschews the Indonesian use of repeated block printed designs in favour of hand-drawn freehand designs or "walka". These "walka" are pure design and do not refer to, or contain reference to, dreamings or "tjukurpa".

Tjunkaya is a member of the Pitjantjatjara people. She was born in the desert in the far northwest of South Australia. Her mother had walked from Walytjitjata, in the Northern Territory, and arrived at Ernabella Mission at Pukatja or Ernabella shortly after Tjunkaya's birth. Ernabella was run by missionaries at the time, and Tjunkaya grew up there. The craft room at Ernabella Mission was established in 1948 and nurtured the artistic talents of Tjunkaya and other children and adults living on the Mission. The craft room taught spinning and weaving originally but later added batik and painting to its activities, and later still became a professionally run Aboriginal-owned incorporated arts enterprise known as Ernabella Arts after the Mission was closed and the land returned to its traditional Pitjantjatjara owners. 

Like most early artists in her community, Tjunkaya's original style came from milpatjunanyi – an ancient Western Desert practice of drawing in the sand to tell stories to children. This is the basis of the classic Ernabella "walka".

Ernabella women began to be taught batik making in 1971. In 1974, Ernabella Arts sent Tjunkaya to Yogyakarta with several other Pitjantjatjara women to learn more about making batik from Indonesian artists.

Tjunkaya's work has been shown in several exhibitions in Australia, Europe, North America and Southeast Asia. Tapaya has work in the National Gallery of Victoria, the State Library of South Australia, the Queensland Gallery of Modern Art, the National Gallery of Australia, the National Museum of Australia, and the British Museum.

References

1947 births
Living people
Indigenous Australian artists
Australian painters
Artists from South Australia
Pitjantjatjara
Weavers
Textile artists
Australian printmakers
Ceramists
1968 Atlantic hurricane season

The 1968 Atlantic hurricane season officially began on June 1, 1968, and lasted until November 30, 1968. These dates are conventionally the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the Atlantic basin.

Three storms formed in June, making it one of the most active Junes on record. The early part of the season had the most activity, and the season ended quietly compared to the beginning. There were eight named storms, and no major hurricanes. This shows that early season activity has no indication on the entire season. Hurricane Gladys was the costliest storm of the season, causing more than $6 million (1968 USD) in damage as it moved northward through Florida, Cuba, and North Carolina.

Storm names
The following names were used for named storms (tropical storms and hurricanes) that formed in the North Atlantic in 1968.

The list is mostly the same as the 1964 season, save for Candy, Dolly, Edna, Frances, Hannah, and Ingrid, which replaced Cleo, Dora, Ethel, Florence, Hilda, and Isbell (although Ethel, Florence, and Isbell were not retired). A storm was named Candy for the first time in 1968. Names that were not assigned are marked in .

Retirement

No names were retired this season.  However, the name Edna was later retroactively retired because of the Hurricane Edna of the 1954 season, and has not been used since.

Related pages
 List of Atlantic hurricane seasons
 1968 Pacific hurricane season

Other websites
 Monthly Weather Review

1968
Atlantic hurricane season
Basil Hall Chamberlain

Basil Hall Chamberlain (18 October 1850 – 15 February 1935) was a British academic, editor, translator, and Japanologist.   

Chamberlain is best known as the author of Things Japanese, which was first published in 1890.

Career
Along with Ernest Mason Satow and William George Aston, Chamberlain was one of three major British Japanologists during the 19th century.

Chamberlain taught at the Imperial Japanese Naval Academy in Tokyo from 1874 to 1882. 

He was a professor of Japanese language at Tokyo Imperial University from 1886 to 1911.

Selected works
In an overview of writings by and about Chamberlain, OCLC/WorldCat lists roughly 320+ works in 860+ publications in 6 languages and 6,100+ library holdings . 
This list is not finished; you can help Wikipedia by adding to it.
The Classical Poetry of the Japanese, 1880 
A Translation of the 'Ko-Ji-Ki', 1883 
The Language, Mythology, and Geographical Nomenclature of Japan Viewed in the Light of Aino Studies, 1887 
Aino Folk-Tales, 1888 
A Handbook of Colloquial Japanese, 1887 
Things Japanese,1890
A Handbook for Travellers in Japan, 1891 
Essay in aid of a grammar and dictionary of the Luchuan language, 1895

Related pages
 Foreign advisors to the government in Meiji period Japan

References

Other websites 

 Chamberlain, Basil Hall, 1850-1935 at Visual International Authority File (VIAF)

 
 Chamberlain's translation of the Kojiki
 Chamberlain's collection of Ainu folk tales

1850 births
1935 deaths
Foreign advisors to the government in Meiji-period Japan
Japanologists
British historians
The Gherkin

30 St Mary Axe is a skyscraper in London's financial district, the City of London. It was formerly named the Swiss Re Building, after Swiss Reinsurance Company. The tower is also known as "The Gherkin". The building was finished in December 2003. It was opened at the end of May 2004. Swiss Re Tower has 41 floors. The tower is  tall. It is on the site of the former Baltic Exchange, which was badly damaged in 1992 by the explosion of a bomb by the Provisional IRA.

30 St Mary Axe was designed by Norman Foster and Arup engineers. It was built by Skanska in 2001–2003.

The building has become an iconic symbol of London. It is one of the city's most well known examples of modern architecture.

References

Architectural styles
Buildings and structures in London
Pancho Villa

José Doroteo Arango Arámbula (5 June 1878 – 20 July 1923), better known by his nickname Pancho Villa, was a Mexican revolutionary leader who advocated for the poor and wanted agrarian reform. Though he was a killer, a bandit, and a revolutionary leader, many remember him as a folk hero. Pancho Villa was also responsible for a raid on Columbus, New Mexico in 1916, which was the first attack on U.S. soil since 1812. "Pancho" was a revolutionary advocate for the less fortunate. 

1878 births
1923 deaths
Assassinated people
Generals
Mexican military people
Order of the Rising Sun

The  is a Japanese government honor established in 1875 by Emperor Meiji. The Order was the first national decoration awarded by the Japanese Government, It was created on April 10, 1875 by decree of the Council of State.

The modern version of this honor has been given to non-Japanese recipients beginning in 1981.

The awarding of the Order is administered by the Decoration Bureau of Office of the Prime Minister. It is awarded in the name of the Emperor.

Classes 
The Order was awarded in nine classes until 2003. Since then, it has been awarded in seven classes.

Selected recipients
These lists are not finished; you can help Wikipedia by adding to them.

1st Class, Order of the Rising Sun with Paulownia Flowers, Grand Cordon

 Konrad Adenauer (1876–1967)
 Douglas MacArthur (1880–1964)

1st Class, Grand Cordon 

 Edmund Barton, 1905
 Sepp Blatter, 2009
 Malcolm Fraser, 2006
 Daniel Inouye (1924-2012)
 Lee Kuan Yew, 1967
 Wangari Maathai, 2009
 John McEwen 1973
 Robert Menzies (1894–1978)
 Goh Chok Tong, 2011
 Gough Whitlam, 2006

2nd Class, Gold and Silver Star 

 Momofuku Ando (1910–2007), 2002
 Donald Keene, 1993

3rd Class, Gold Rays with Neck Ribbon 

Clint Eastwood, 2009
 Ian Nish, 1991
Raaj Sah, 2017

4th Class, Gold Rays with Rosette 

 Martha Argerich, 2005
 George Takei, 2004
 H. Paul Varley, 1966

5th Class, Gold and Silver Rays 

 Yoshizawa, Akira (1911–2005)

6th Class, Silver Rays 

 Henry Hajimu Fujii (1886–1976)
 Tsuyako Coveney (2017)

7th Class, Green Paulownia Leaves Medal 
In 2003, this grade of the Order was abolished.

8th Class, White Paulownia Leaves Medal 
In 2003, this grade of the Order was abolished.

Class unknown 
 Aung San (1915–1947)

References

Further reading
 Peterson, James W., Barry C. Weaver and Michael A. Quigley. (2001). Orders and Medals of Japan and Associated States. San Ramon, California: Orders and Medals Society of America.

Other websites

 Japan, Cabinet Office: Decorations and Medals
 Decoration Bureau: Order of the Paulownia Flowers
 Decoration Bureau: Order of the Rising Sun
 Japan Mint: Production Process 

1875 establishments in Asia
Orders, decorations, and medals
1870s establishments in Japan
Marina City

The Marina City was designed in 1959 by architect Bertrand Goldberg and was finished in 1964 at a cost of $36 million to a large extent by the union of building janitors and elevator operators, who wanted to reverse the pattern of white flight from the city's downtown area.

When it was finished, the two towers were both the tallest residential buildings and the tallest reinforced concrete structures in the world. The complex was built as a city within a city, featuring numerous on-site facilities including a theatre, gym, swimming pool, ice rink, bowling alley, several stores, restaurants, and a marina.

References

Other websites
 
A compendium for the most photographed building in Chicago, Marina City - Photos, Floorplans, History, etc.
Great Buildings - Marina City

Skyscrapers in Chicago
1964 establishments in the United States
1960s establishments in Illinois
Raul Julia

Raúl Rafael Juliá y Arcelay (March 9, 1940 – October 24, 1994) was a Puerto Rican movie, television, stage, voice, and radio actor who is known for his role as Gomez Addams in The Addams Family and in Addams Family Values. He won an Golden Globe Award and an Screen Actors Guild Award in 1994 and an Emmy Award in 1995.

Juliá was born on March 9, 1940 in San Juan, Puerto Rico. He was raised in New York City, New York. He studied at Fordham University and at Colegio San Ignacio de Loyola. 

Juliá was married to Magda Vasallo from 1965 until they divorced in 1969. Then he was married to Merel Poloway from 1976 until his death in 1994. Juliá died on October 24, 1994 from stomach cancer and from a stroke in Manhasset, New York, aged 54.

References

Other websites
 
 
 
 

1940 births
1994 deaths
Deaths from stomach cancer
Deaths from stroke
Puerto Rican actors
Puerto Rican movie actors
Puerto Rican television actors
Voice actors
Stage actors
Radio actors
Actors from New York City
Golden Globe Award winning actors
Emmy Award winning actors
Screen Actors Guild Award winners
People from San Juan, Puerto Rico
Shelley Berman

Sheldon Leonard "Shelley" Berman (February 3, 1925 – September 1, 2017) was an American comedian, movie, television, stage, radio, voice actor, writer, teacher, screenwriter, educator, and poet who is known for his roles in The Steve Allen Show and in Divorce American Style. He won a Grammy Award.

Berman was of Jewish descent. He was born and raised in Chicago, Illinois on February 3, 1925. He studied at the Goodman Theatre in Chicago. He was married to Sarah Herman since 1947. They had two adopted children, one who died from a brian tumor. 

Berman won the first Grammy Award for a spoken comedy recording. The first standup comedian to perform at Carnegie Hall, Berman appeared on numerous television specials and all of the major variety shows of the day.

Berman died of complications from Alzheimer's disease on September 1, 2017 at his home in Bell Canyon, California at the age of 92.

References

Other websites

 Official website
 
 
 

1925 births
2017 deaths
Actors from Chicago
Educators from Chicago
American movie actors
American poets
American radio actors
American stage actors
American teachers
American television actors
American voice actors
Comedians from Chicago
Deaths from Alzheimer's disease
Disease-related deaths in California
Grammy Award winners
Jewish American actors
Jewish American comedians
Jewish American writers
Jewish screenwriters
Screenwriters from Chicago
Television personalities from Chicago
Writers from Chicago
Ole Kirk Christiansen

Ole Kirk Christiansen (April 7, 1891 – March 11, 1958) was the founder of Lego in 1949.

Christiansen was born on April 7, 1891 in Filskov, Denmark. He first worked as a carpenter and later started creating unsuccessful toys for kids in Denmark after his wife's death and had to raise four of his children on his own. He was working as a carpenter until creating Legos in 1949. Christiansen died on March 11, 1958 from a heart attack, aged 66.

References

Other websites
 The official Lego website

1891 births
1958 deaths
Carpenters
Danish businesspeople
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Inventors
Beau Bridges

Lloyd Vernet "Beau" Bridges III (born December 9, 1941) is an American movie, television, stage, voice actor and movie director who is known for his role as Frank Baker in The Fabulous Baker Boys. He has won two Emmy Awards and two Golden Globe Awards.

Bridges was born on December 9, 1941 in Los Angeles, California to Lloyd Bridges and to Dorothy Simpson. He studied at the University of Hawaii and the University of California, Los Angeles. Bridges was married to Julie Landfield from 1964 until they divorced in 1984. Then he was married to Wendy Treece since 1984. He has 2 children with Landfield and 3 with Treece. His brother is actor Jeff Bridges.

References

Other websites

Official website

1941 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American voice actors
Actors from Los Angeles
Movie directors from California
Golden Globe Award winning actors
Emmy Award winning actors
Fred Haise

Fred Wallace Haise, Jr. (born November 14, 1933) is an American engineer and former NASA astronaut. He is one of only 24 humans to have flown to the Moon. Having flown on Apollo 13, Haise was to be the sixth human to walk on the Moon, but the mission did not land due to a failure aboard the spacecraft. He was born on November 14, 1933 in Biloxi, Mississippi.

References

Other websites
Spacefacts biography of Fred Haise
Short audio interview on Astrotalkuk.org during his visit to UK in 2009

1933 births
Living people
American astronauts
Apollo astronauts
Scientists from Massachusetts
Scientists from Mississippi
People from Biloxi, Mississippi
James Brady

James Scott "Jim" Brady (August 29, 1940 – August 4, 2014) was an American journalist, politician, and activist. He was an assistant to the President and White House Press Secretary under U.S. President Ronald Reagan.

Early life
Brady was born in Centralia, Illinois on August 29, 1940 to Harold J. Brady and to Dorothy (née Davidson). He studied at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.

Career
Brady became Ronald Reagan's White House Press Secretary in 1981.

Near death
Brady was nearly killed a few weeks after becoming Press Secretary. On March 30, 1981 John Hinckley tried to assassination President Reagan with a gun. Brady was shot in the head and became disabled.

Gun control
After Brady's near death, he and his wife, Sarah, became a supporter of gun control. He was also an activist for gun control.

Together with his wife, Sarah, who was Chair of the Brady Campaign to Prevent Gun Violence (formerly known as Handgun Control, Inc.), co-founded by N.T. Pete Shields, Brady quickly fought for handgun control and assault weapon restrictions. The Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act, also known simply as "the Brady Bill", was named in his honor.

James S. Brady Press Briefing Room
In 2000, the Press Briefing Room at the White House was renamed after Brady as the James S. Brady Press Briefing Room.

Personal life
Brady married Sue Beh in 1961. That marriage ended in divorce in 1968. Brady married Sarah, in 1973; the couple had two children, Scott and Melissa.

Death
Brady died on August 4, 2014 in Alexandria, Virginia, aged 73. His death has been said to be a homicide caused by the gunshot wound he received in 1981, about 33 years before.

References

Other websites

 

1940 births
2014 deaths
American murder victims
American activists
American journalists
American crime victims
Politicians from Illinois
Writers from Illinois
White House Press Secretaries
1950 United States Census

The Seventeenth United States Census was done by the Census Bureau.  It found the population of the United States to be 150,697,361. This was an increase of 14.5 percent from the 1940 Census.

References

1950 in the United States
United States Census
1960 United States Census

The Eighteenth United States Census was done by the Census Bureau.  It found the population of the United States to be 179,323,175.  This was an increase of 18.5 percent from the 1950 Census. 

1960 in the United States
United States Census
1970 United States Census

The Nineteenth United States Census done by the Census Bureau.  The population of the United States was 203,392,031.  This was an increase of 13.4 percent from the 1960 Census.

1970 in the United States
United States Census
1980 United States Census

The Twentieth United States Census was done by the Census Bureau. It found the population of the United States to be 226,545,805.  It was an increase of 11.4 percent from the 1970 Census.

It was the first census not to ask for the name of the "head of household." About 16 percent of households received a "long form" of the 1980 census.  It had over 100 questions.

References

1980 in the United States
United States Census
1990 United States Census

The Twenty-first United States Census was done by the Census Bureau.  The population of the United Stateswas 248,709,873.  This was an increase of 9.8 percent from the 1980 Census.

About 16 percent of households received a "long form" of the 1990 census.  It had over 100 questions. It was the first census to have "Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander" as a racial group separate from Asians.

References

1990 in the United States
United States Census
Ann B. Davis

Ann Bradford Davis (May 3, 1926 – June 1, 2014) was an American movie, stage, voice, and television actress. She was known for her role as Alice Nelson, the housekeeper in The Brady Bunch. Her career began in 1953. She retired in 1997. She won two Emmy Awards in 1957 and in 1959. 

Davis was born on May 3, 1926 in Schenectady, New York. She moved to Erie, Pennsylvania when she was three. She studied at Strong Vincent High School and at the University of Michigan. Davis died on June 1, 2014 in San Antonio, Texas from complications from a fall, aged 88.

References

Other websites

 
 
 

1926 births
2014 deaths
Accidental deaths from falls in the United States
Actors from New York
Actors from Pennsylvania
American movie actors
American stage actors
American television actors
American voice actors
Emmy Award winning actors
People from Erie, Pennsylvania
People from Schenectady, New York
Twin people from the United States
United States Census

The United States Census is a census done in the United States every ten years.  It is required by the United States Constitution which calls for a decennial census done in years ending in "0" since 1790. It is actually two census counts taken concurrently (at the same time). The first is the census of the population, taken from 1790 to the present. The second is the census of housing, which counts the number of residential housing units, and was taken from 1940 to the present. Among other uses, the count is used to determine how many places in the House of Representatives each state has.  It also determines how much government money is spent in different locations. 

The United States Census Bureau is responsible for the United States Census.  The first census after the American Revolution was in 1790.  Secretary of State Thomas Jefferson was responsible for this first census.

References

Other websites 
 U.S. Census Bureau official website
Leonard Maltin

Leonard Maltin (born December 18, 1950) is an American movie critic and historian. He wrote several books on cinema and celebrity biographies. He is known for creating the Walt Disney Treasures collections which is made up of classic Disney cartoons. 

Maltin was born on December 18, 1950 in New York City. He was raised in Teaneck, New Jersey. He studied at Teaneck High School and at New York University. He was married to Alice Tlusty since 1975. They have one daughter.

In July 2018, Maltin announced that he had been diagnosed with Parkinson's disease in early 2015.

References

Other websites

Leonard Maltin's official site

1950 births
Living people
American historians
American journalists
American movie critics
People with Parkinson's disease
People from Teaneck, New Jersey
Writers from New Jersey
Writers from New York City
2020 United States Census

The 2020 United States Census, known as Census 2020, was the twenty-fourth United States Census. National Census Day was on April 1, 2020.

In 2020, the United States population was 331,449,281, a 7.71% increase from the 2010 Census.

The Department of Commerce announced in March 2018 that the 2020 Census will ask if individuals are United States citizens according to a request from the Trump administration. 11 states (Connecticut, Delaware, Illinois, Massachusetts, New Jersey, New Mexico, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Washington, California) have said they would sue to block the Trump administration's request.

References

Other websites

 2020 Census from the United States Census Bureau

Census
April 2020 events
2020
Jimmy Smits

Jimmy Smits (born July 9, 1955) is an American movie, television, stage, and voice actor who is known for his role as Victor Sifuentes in L.A. Law. He won an Golden Globe Award, an Emmy Award, an Saturn Award, and an Screen Actors Guild Award.

Smits was born on July 9, 1955 in Brooklyn, New York City, New York. He studied at Brooklyn College and at Cornell University. Smits was married to Barbara Smits from 1981 until they divorced in 1987. He was partners with Wanda De Jesus since 1986. With Barbara, he has two children.

References

Other websites

 

1955 births
Living people
Actors from New York City
American movie actors
American stage actors
American television actors
American voice actors
Emmy Award winning actors
Golden Globe Award winning actors
Puerto Rican actors
Screen Actors Guild Award winners
Saturn Award winners
List of United States senators from Connecticut

This is a list of the United States senators from Connecticut.

United States senators are elected for a six-year term.  The term begins on January 3. Elections are held the first Tuesday after November 1. Before 1914, senators were chosen by the Connecticut General Assembly.  Before 1935, their terms began March 4.

Senators are placed in different classes.  This is so both senators for a state are not elected during the same year.



Class 1 
Class 1 senators had elections in 1994, 2000, 2006, and 2012.

Class 3 
Class 3 senators were elected in 1998, 2004, 2010, and 2016.

Senators from Connecticut
Interair South Africa

Interair South Africa is an airline based in Johannesburg, South Africa. It operates scheduled passenger services from Johannesburg to regional destinations in Africa. Its main base is OR Tambo International Airport, Johannesburg.

Destinations 

Interair South Africa operates services to the following international scheduled destinations at January 2011:

 Cotonou

 Ougadougou

 N'djamena

 Réunion Island
 St Denis

 Libreville

 Antananarivo

 Bamako

 Brazzaville

 Ndola

Fleet
The Interair South Africa fleet includes the following aircraft as of 1 January 2011:

References

Other websites 

 Interair South Africa

Airlines of South Africa
Johannesburg
1993 establishments in Africa
20th-century establishments in South Africa
Aligarh Muslim University

The Aligarh Muslim University (AMU) is a major university in the town of Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India. It was originally founded by Sir Syed Ahmed Khan in 1875, as the Mohammedan Anglo-Oriental College (better known as MAO College). It became a full university in 1920.

Osman Ali Khan, Asaf Jah VII donated 5 Lakh Indian Rupees in the  1930's towards this University.

References

Colleges and universities in India
1875 establishments in Asia
1870s establishments in India
Steve Tom

Steve Tom (born September 20, 1953) is an American movie, and television actor. He has guest-starred in a number of television shows including Major Crimes, Modern Family, How I Met Your Mother, Drake & Josh, ER, NYPD Blue, Sleeper Cell, Two and a Half Men, Prison Break, The West Wing and other television series. For two seasons, he was in Funny or Die Presents. 

He also appeared in some movies The Campaign, The Guilt Trip, Seven Pounds, First Daughter, Disney's The Kid, Pulse, Rendition and Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen.

Tom was born on September 20, 1953 in Houston, Texas.

Other websites

1953 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
Actors from Houston, Texas
List of U.S. states by GDP

This is a list of U.S. states sorted by their gross state product (GSP). GSP is similar to a country's gross domestic product (GDP).  This is an overall measure of the states economy. The United States Bureau of Economic Analysis is responsible for finding this number each year.

List 
Map of U.S.states by Nominal GDP in billions USD

References

States by GDP
GDP
67th Punjabis

The 67th Punjabis were an infantry regiment of the old British Indian Army.

After World War I the Indian government reformed the army in 1922. The 67th Punjabis became the 1st and 10th (Training) Battalions, of the 2nd Punjab Regiment. After independence in 1947 they were one of the regiments allocated to the Indian Army.

References

People of British India
British India
Military of India
1922 establishments in the United Kingdom
1920s establishments in India
1947 disestablishments in India
1947 disestablishments in the United Kingdom
Johnny Hardwick

Jonathon David Hardwick Jr. (born September 21, 1963) is an American voice actor, comedian, writer and  producer, who is known for the voice of Dale Gribble in King of the Hill.

Hardwick was born on September 21, 1963 in Austin, Texas. He studied at Texas Tech University.

References

Other websites

Short film featuring Johnny Hardwick

1963 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
Comedians from Austin, Texas
American television producers
American movie producers
Actors from Austin, Texas
Writers from Austin, Texas
Darien, Connecticut

Darien is a rich town in Fairfield County, Connecticut, United States. It is a small community on Connecticut's "Gold Coast".  There were 20,732 people at the 2010 census. Darien was #9 on CNN Money's list of "top-earning towns" in the United States as of 2011.

References

Towns in Connecticut
1820 establishments in the United States
19th-century establishments in Connecticut
2 Punjab Regiment

The 2nd Punjab Regiment was a British Indian Army regiment from 1922 to the partition of India in 1947.

The regiment was formed by the amalgamation of the following regiments:

1st Battalion, from the 67th Punjabis, formerly the 7th Regiment of Madras Native Infantry
2nd Battalion, from the 69th Punjabis
3rd Battalion, from the 72nd Punjabis
4th Battalion, from the 74th Punjabis
5th Battalion, from the 87th Punjabis
10th (Training) Battalion, formed by redesignation of 2nd Bn, 67th Punjabis

After the independence and partition of India in August 1947,  this regiment became the Punjab Regiment (India).

British India
Military of India
1922 establishments in the United Kingdom
1920s establishments in India
1947 disestablishments in India
1947 disestablishments in the United Kingdom
Weston, Connecticut

Weston is a town in Fairfield County, Connecticut. The population was 10,179 at the 2010 census. About 19% of the town's workforce travels to New York City for work.

Like many towns in southwestern Connecticut, Weston is one of the richest communities in the United States. In 2010 the median household income was US$180,321.

Most of Devil's Den Preserve is in the town.  It is a  nature reserve which gets 40,000 visits a year.

References

Towns in Connecticut
1787 establishments in the United States
1780s establishments in Connecticut
Pakistan Television

Pakistan Television or the Pakistan Television Corporation (commonly known as PTV) is the official, state-owned television channel of the Government of Pakistan. It was established in 1964. 

Pakistani culture
Government of Pakistan
1964 establishments in Asia
20th-century establishments in Pakistan
Wawiriya Burton

Wawiriya Burton is an Australian Aboriginal artist. She is known for her acrylic paintings. Her paintings are representations of sacred stories from the Dreamtime. Like other Aboriginal artists, the representations are blurred (or encrypted) for cultural reasons. The full meaning of her artworks can only be understood or deciphered by people who have been initiated. Burton is a ngangkaṟi (traditional healer), so she has more knowledge about sacred traditions than most in her community.

Wawiriya belongs to the Pitjantjatjara. She was born in outback central Australia some time during the 1920s.. She grew up living a traditional, nomadic way of life. Her family lived in her father's homeland, around what is now Pipalyatjara.

Wawiriya lives in Amaṯa, where she began working at the Tjala Arts centre in 2008. Tjala (originally Minymaku Arts) had been set up by the women of the community in 1999. She made wood carvings and baskets from spinifex originally, but later learned to paint from the other women.

Wawiriya's artworks have been displayed in exhibitions in Sydney, Canberra, Melbourne, Adelaide, Perth and Alice Springs. Her work is held in the National Gallery of Victoria, the Art Gallery of New South Wales, and the Art Gallery of South Australia.

References

1920s births
Living people
Australian painters
Indigenous Australian artists
Pitjantjatjara
Artists from South Australia
Gene therapy

Gene therapy means putting in a working gene to a person who has a damaged gene. The European Commission has approved this method for one particular treatment. The treatment by the product Glybera uses a virus to infect muscle cells with a working copy of the gene. The European Commission has given Glybera marketing authorisation, which means it can be sold throughout the EU.

One in a million people have damaged copies of the lipase gene needed to break down fats. Fat builds up in their blood; this leads to pain and  inflammation of the pancreas (pancreatitis). It is life-threatening. Up to now, the only way to manage the condition is to have a very low-fat diet.

When used in this way, a virus is a vector. That means it is a carrier; the gene has been inserted into the viral genome, and the virus sticks it into the human cells. The technique is called transfection. This technique is different from the gene knockout technique, which does not use a viral vector.

China 
China was the first country to approve the commercial production of a gene therapy, in 2003. That gene therapy is for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC)—a cancer that occurs in 10% of new cancers in China. There are  2.5 million new cancer patients every year in China.

Sold under the brand name Gendicine, the world's first commercial gene therapy also uses a virus to insert the gene into the human genome.

Past 
The possibility of gene therapy was talked about as soon as the roles of DNA and RNA were known about. The first specific publication was in 1972.

Future 
Many more types of gene therapy are in the trial stage. It is clear that a cycle of events will be part of future clinical medicine: DNA sequence analysis > identify defective genes > fix genes with gene therapy or gene knockout. There are sometimes problems of side-effects; these may be discovered at the trial stage. There is now a database which lists all known clinical trials.

References 

Genetic engineering