cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Educational psychology

Educational psychology is a branch of psychology. It has ancient roots, but was mostly developed in the 20th century. It has two "faces", the scientific and the humanistic.

Two concepts 
Education as an objective science was strongly promoted around 1900 by Alfred Binet and Edward Thorndike. Binet it was who invented the first intelligence tests, and they were extended and promoted in English by Louis Terman. Binet's ideas were sympathetic to Thorndike, who was above all interested in turning psychology into a real science by research, measurement and empirical evidence. The arrival of World War I caused a huge conscription of men into the fighting services. Sorting out men of all types was an urgent problem. The intelligence tests proved to be very useful at helping get the right men into the right jobs. Not surprisingly, the use of IQ tests continued in education, where a similar problem of sorting out occurs in unselected public school enrollments.

The other way to look at educational psychology is to notice that a child is a growing person. Unlike most adults, the child is open to influence. Education does change a child. The emphasis on the child as a growing person is typical of humanistic psychology. It has many supporters, especially at primary school level. Examples of educators whose interest was humanistic include Johann Pestalozzi, Maria Montessori, John Dewey, and Jean Piaget. This type of approach is called "child-centered" education.

Public certification 
How these two approaches are balanced varies in different countries. Many countries have arrangements for certified psychologists to inluence schools and help children.

These posts are now called 'educational and child psychology' in the United Kingdom. Since a training overhaul in 2006, there is a 3-year taught doctorate similar to that of clinical psychology. In the United States it is still called school psychology. Educational and child psychology is the practice of applied psychology with children and families in the context of education and is usually based within a government local authority.

References 

Branches of psychology
Kermit Gosnell

Kermit Gosnell (1941-) is a physician with a clinic in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He has been charged with murdering babies born alive. A patient also died in his care. He is facing 8 charges of murder and a possible death penalty. State officials, despite awareness of bad things going on, did nothing to stop him from 1993 until the FBI raided his clinic in 2010 on an unrelated matter.

References

1941 births
American physicians
People from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Living people
Gary Player

Gary Player (born 1 November 1935) is a South African golfer. He was born in Johannesburg. He won the Masters Tournament three times, and nine major championships altogether. He is one of only five men to win all four majors.

People from Johannesburg
South African golfers
White South African people
1935 births
Living people
National Trust of Australia

The Australian Council of National Trusts (ACNT) is a national organization for community-based, non-government organisations that promote and conserve Australia's natural and historic heritage.
Begun in 1965, it joined together the eight National Trusts in each Australian state and territory. It provides them with a national office and national and international presence.

Together, the National Trusts own or manage over 300 heritage places. About 7000 people work as volunteers with and there are 350 paid employees. Around 1,000,000 people visit the properties and their collections in Australia each year.

Member organisations 
The member organisations are:

History 
It was based on the National Trust for Places of Historic Interest or Natural Beauty in England. Local campaigns to conserve native bushland and save old buildings were the forces that led to the first Australian national trusts in New South Wales in 1947, South Australia in 1955 and Victoria in 1956. They were followed later by Western Australia, Tasmania and Queensland.

Annie Forsyth Wyatt (1885-1961) was the driving force behind the beginning of the National Trust in Australia. She lived for much of her life in a cottage in Gordon, New South Wales, which is still standing.

References

Further reading 
 Ian Wyatt, Ours in Trust (1987), covers the early years of the NSW National Trust
 Mary Rhyllis Clark, In Trust (1996), recollections of the Victorian Trust pioneers

 Carol Cosgrove and Susan Marsden, Challenging times: the National Trust of South Australia 1955–2005, National Trust of South Australia, Adelaide 2005 

Australian culture
Canberra
1965 establishments in Oceania
1960s establishments in Australia
Helena-West Helena, Arkansas

Helena-West Helena is the county seat of and the largest city within Phillips County in eastern Arkansas. The city is near the Mississippi State border line. Twelve to fifteen thousand people live in the area. The original Helena was established in 1833. In 2006, Helena and West Helena were consolidated into one city.

Cities in Arkansas
County seats in Arkansas
Talgai

Talgai is an archaeological site, near Allora on the Darling Downs, south east of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. In 1884 a Pleistocene era skull was found in Dalrymple Creek after a big flood. It was found by William Naish, a shearer, who was building a fence at the East Talgai station. The skull was that of a 14 year old boy who had lived about 11,000 years ago. Naish gave the skull to the owners of the station. It was purchased by the University of Sydney in 1914. It was the first fossil found which showed the early human occupation of Australia.

The skull was heavily encrusted with calcium carbonate and the shape had been distorted during long time buried in the ground. At first scientists thought it was a primitive skull with ape like teeth. Later study showed that the skull was a modern Homo sapien, the teeth were normal, but heavily worn. The boy had a massive injury to the side of his skull which was probably what had killed him.

In 1968 a Tom Haydon made a documentary movie, The Talgai Skull: An Investigation Into the Origin of the Australian Aborigines. It won the Australian Film Institute award for Best Documentary.

References

Archaeological sites in Australia
History of Australia
Queensland
Into Eternity

Into Eternity are a Canadian progressive metal band from Regina, Saskatchewan. 

Into Eternity was formed in 1997 by band members Tim Roth, Scott Krall and Jim Austin. They released their eponymous debut studio album Into Eternity in 1999. They re-released their debut album when they signed to Century Media Records a year later. Their second album Dead or Dreaming was released in 2001. The album saw the band move more into a progressive and death metal style. Their third studio album Buried in Oblivion was released on February 10, 2004 and their fourth studio album The Scattering of Ashes was released on October 3, 2006.

The band then went on tour from 2006 to 2008 and released their fifth studio album The Incurable Tragedy on August 25, 2008.

Drummer Bryan Newbury joined the band on March 9, 2011 and Stu Block joined Iced Earth in 2011. Amanda Kiernan joined the band in February 2012. In July 2021, Stu Block rejoined Into Eternity as a second vocalist (in a duet with Amanda).

Band members 
Current
Tim Roth − Guitar, backing vocals (1997−present)
Troy Bleich − Bass, backing vocals (2004−present)
Stu Block − lead vocals (2005−2012, 2021-present)
Justin Bender − Guitar (2006−present)
Bryan Newbury − Drums (2011−present)
Amanda Kiernan − live lead vocals (2012−present)

Former
Jim Austin − Drums (1997−2006)
Chris Eisler − Guitar (1999)
Christopher McDougall − Keyboards (1999−2001)
Scott Krall − Bass and backing vocals (1997−2005)
Daniel Nargang − Guitar, clean vocals (2001)
Chris Krall − Clean and death vocals (2003−2004)
Rob Doherty − Guitar and death vocals (2003−2005) (†)
Collin Craig − Guitar (2006)
Dean Sternburger − Vocals (2004)
Adam Sagan − Drums (2005)
Steve Bolognese − Drums (2006−2011)

Discography

Albums
Into Eternity (1999)
Dead or Dreaming (2000)
Buried in Oblivion (2001)
The Scattering of Ashes (2006)
The Incurable Tragedy (2008)
The Sirens (2018)

References

Other websites 
Official website

1990s music groups
1997 establishments in Canada
2000s music groups
2010s music groups
Canadian heavy metal bands
Canadian thrash metal bands
Melodic death metal bands
Power metal bands
Progressive metal bands
People from Regina, Saskatchewan
Isabelle Allen

Isabelle Lucy Allen (born 16 March 2002)  is an English stage and screen teen actress known for her role as the young Cosette in the 2012 film adaptation of Les Misérables.

Other websites
 Official website 

Living people
2002 births
English movie actors
British child actors
Stage actors
Television actors
Assumption College

Assumption College (), is a private Catholic school for boys in Thailand. It was founded in 1885 by Father Emile August Colombet, and is the third-oldest school in Thailand. Assumption College is in Bang Rak, Bangkok. The school is one of the four schools in Jaturamitr Samakkee, a traditional football match by four oldest boys' schools in Thailand including Suankularb Wittayalai School, Debsirin School and Bangkok Christian College.

The list of graduates includes four former Prime Ministers of Thailand, several businessmen, fifteens privy counselors, etc. A lot of students are Chinese Thais and the first student of school name Mr. Siew Meng Tek is also Chinese-Thai. Assumption College is the one of most famous schools in Thailand. As of today, more than 50,000 students have been educated at Assumption College.

Other websites
Assumption College official website

Schools
Buildings and structures in Bangkok
Scatter graph

A scatter graph (also known as a scatter-plot) is a type of graph used with 2 sets of data. It is a seeing between the data sets.

References

Mathematics
Diagrams
Hero of Alexandria

Hero (or Heron) of Alexandria () (c. 10–70 AD) was an ancient Greek mathematician and engineer. He lived and worked in Alexandria when Alexander the Great ruled. He is known for his inventions and experiments. One of his well known inventions was the Aeolipile (a simple steam turbine). He also discovered a way to calculate square roots, and Heron's formula for finding the area of a triangle.

Cajori says "Hero was a practical surveyor, so it is not surprising to find little resemblance between his writing and those of Euclid or Apollonius".

References

Other websites 

 
 
 Reconstruction of Heron’s Formulas for Calculating the Volume of Vessels
 The Pneumatics of Hero of Alexandria, from the Original Greek. Tr. and ed. by Bennet Woodcroft From the Collections at the Library of Congress

Ancient Greece
Ancient mathematicians
Engineers
10s births
70 deaths
People from Alexandria
OS X Mountain Lion

OS X 10.8 "Mountain Lion" is an operating system made by Apple Inc. for its Macintosh line of computers. It is a version of OS X, and carries the release number 10.8. It was released on July 25, 2012. According to Apple, "Mountain Lion" contains over 200 changes and improvements since OS X 10.7 "Lion".

History
"OS X 10.8" was announced February 16, 2012 along with the release of an unfinished (developer preview) version for people who are signed up to its "Developer Portal". The upgrade was released to the public on the Mac App Store on 25 July, 2012 after over 5 months in beta.

Notable New Features
Main features:
Notification Center - a place to see what has happened on your computer since you last checked.
Notes - an app to make notes on, similar to that on the iPad and iPhone.
Messages - send free "iMessages" to other Mac, iPhone and iPad users.
Reminders - make your Mac remind you about something, similar to the iPhone and iPad app.
Game Center - play games and compare scores with other Game Center users on Mac, iPhone and iPad.
AirPlay Mirroring - stream your Mac's screen to an Apple TV.
Power Nap - allows your Mac to download updates while asleep.
Safari 6 - includes a new search/address bar and a new way to see all your open tabs.
Dictation - allows you to dictate words to your Mac so you don't have to type.

Smaller features:
Updated dock - the dock has a more metallic look, rather than the glass look seen previously.
Facebook and Twitter integration - share files directly to Facebook and Twitter, and post/tweet from Notification Center.
Save to iCloud - save Pages, Keynote and Number's documents to iCloud.
Gatekeeper - stops apps from installing unless from the Mac App Store or approved by Apple.
Search Launchpad - search for an app in launchpad.

References 

MacOS
Sehnsa

Sehnsa () is a large town in Azad Kashmir. It is a sub-district of the Kotli District.

Tehsils of Azad Kashmir
Chi Cheng

Chi Ling Dai Cheng (July 15, 1970 – April 13, 2013) was an American musician and bassist for alternative metal band Deftones. He was of Chinese ancestry.

He was also the author of a collection of poetry which was titled The Bamboo Parachute and was released in June 2000 as a spoken word album. He joined Deftones in 1988 and a recorded a four track demo with them soon after joining. He was also a practicing Buddhist.

Car accident and death
On November 4, 2008, Cheng was involved in a car accident in Santa Clara, California. Cheng was in the passenger seat, was not wearing a seat belt and was ejected from the vehicle. Cheng slipped into a coma and was showing signs of improvement in May 2010 but never recovered fully recovered. He died on April 13, 2013.

References

1970 births
2013 deaths
American Buddhists
American guitarists
American heavy metal musicians
Bassists
Musicians from California
Road accident deaths
Laura Kaeppeler

Laura Marie Kaeppeler (b. March 2, 1988) is the former Miss America for 2012. She represented the State of Wisconsin during the Miss America Pageants in January 2012. She was the first Miss Wisconsin to win Miss America in almost forty years.

References

Beauty pageant winners
People from Wisconsin
1988 births
Living people
Toluca de Lerdo

Toluca de Lerdo, is the state capital of both the State of Mexico and its surrounding municipality.

References

Capital cities in Mexico
Settlements in Mexico (state)
1520s establishments in Mexico
1522 establishments
Angélica Rivera

Angélica Rivera Hurtado (born August 2, 1969) is a Mexican telenovela actress and the former First Lady of Mexico. She is the wife of the President of Mexico, Enrique Peña Nieto. She is known for her roles on La Dueña (Mexico) (1995), Ángela (1998), Sin Pecado Concebido (2001), Mariana de la Noche (2003), and in Destilando Amor (2007).

Rivera was born on August 2, 1969 in Mexico City, Mexico. She was married to José Alberto Castro from 1994 until they divorced in 2008. Then she was married to Enrique Peña Nieto since 2010. She has three children.

References

Other websites
Angélica Rivera on the Internet Movie Database
Biography and Galleries 
esmas biography and career source 
EnElBrasero (Fotos de Boda) wedding images 

1969 births
Living people
First Ladies of Mexico
Mexican movie actors
Mexican television actors
Mexican stage actors
Mexican voice actors
Actors from Mexico City
César Évora

César Évora (born 'César Évora y Díaz; November 4, 1953) is a Cuban-Mexican actor who is known for his roles on Mexican telenovelas. He is the cousin of Cuban writer Daína Chaviano.

Évora was born on November 4, 1953 in Havana, Cuba. He is divorced from his first wife. Évora is currently married to Vivian Domínguez and has three children. Évora acquired Mexican citizenship in 1999.

References

1959 births
Living people
Cuban actors
Mexican movie actors
Mexican television actors
Mexican stage actors
Mexican voice actors
People from Havana
Daína Chaviano

Daína Chaviano (born 1960 in Havana, Cuba) is a Cuban writer. She is thought to be one of the three most important female fantasy and science fiction writers in the Spanish language, along with Angélica Gorodischer (Argentina) and Elia Barceló (Spain), forming the so-called “feminine trinity of science fiction in Latin America.” She is the cousin of Cuban-Mexican actor César Évora.

References

Other websites
Daína Chaviano's Official Web Site. English and Spanish.
Amazon.com Official Author's Page
Daína Chaviano's Page at Penguin
GoodRead Author's Page

1960 births
Living people
Cuban writers
People from Havana
Angélica Gorodischer

Angélica Gorodischer (28 July 1928 – 5 February 2022) was an Argentine  writer. She was born in Buenos Aires, Argentina. She was known for her collection of short stories, which belong to a wide variety of genres, including science-fiction, fantasy, crime and stories with a feminist perspective.

Gorodischer died on 5 February 2022 at her home in Rosario, Argentina from cancer at the age of 93.

Some books
 Cuentos con soldados (Premio Club del Orden, Santa Fe, 1965. stories)
 Opus Dos (Ediciones Minotauro, Buenos Aires, 1967. novel)
 Las pelucas (Editorial Sudamericana, Buenos Aires, 1968. stories)
 Bajo las jubeas en flor (Ediciones De La Flor, Buenos Aires, 1973. stories)
 Casta luna electrónica (Ediciones Andrómeda, 1977. stories)
 Trafalgar (El Cid Editor, Buenos Aires, 1979. stories)
 Prodigios. Barcelona: Ed. Lumen, 1994. (novel)
 Tecnicas de supervivencia. Rosario: Ed. Municipal Rosario, 1994. (stories)
  Buenos Aires: Emecé, 1996. (novel)
 Cómo triunfar en la vida. Buenos Aires, Emecé, 1998. (stories)

References

1928 births
2022 deaths
Writers from Buenos Aires
Cancer deaths in Argentina
Tom Atkins

Thomas "Tom" Atkins (born November 13, 1935) is an American actor. He is known for playing a sheriff or police officer in horror movies. He starred as Dan Challis in Halloween III: Season of the Witch (1982).

Atkins was born on November 13, 1935 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. He studied at Duquesne University. Atkins was married to Garn Stephens until they divorced. Then he was married to Janice Atkins since 1986. He has one child, Taylor Atkins.

References

Other websites
 
 

1935 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American voice actors
Actors from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Djurgårdsandan

Djurgårdsandan (literally translated as ‘the Djurgården spirit’) is a corporate social responsibility (CSR) commitment. It was founded in 2006 by the Djurgården football association with other organizations related to Djurgården. This programme actively works with adolescents through a variety of social projects that range from health issues, ethnic integration and to crime reduction. In addition, other highly notable aims of Djurgårdsandan are a promotion of the values of the association and a positive ‘supporter culture’. 

Djurgårdsandan’s deals primarily with:

An active engagement with society
Work surrounding core values
Work in favour of a positive supporter culture

During the 2013 season of the elite and professional Swedish league (Allsvenskan), Djurgården’s kit will feature the logo of Djurgårdsandan.

Other websites
Djurgårdsandan 
Djurgårdsandan sport center 

2006 establishments in Europe
Organizations based in Europe
Sweden
2000s establishments in Sweden
Tokyo Metropolis

This article is about metropolitan Tokyo. For more information, see Tokyo (disambiguation).
 is the official name for of the traditional  (1869-1943) and the associated municipalities of what was formerly  (1869-1943). It is the capital city and a prefecture of Japan on the island of Honshu.

Greater Tokyo includes land in the Kantō region and also the Izu Islands and Ogasawara Islands. Ten percent (10%) of the Japanese people live in Tokyo, and as many as twenty percent (20%) of the population live around it. As of 2007, the population was 12,790,000. Tokyo is in a part of Japan called the Kantō Plain. Two big rivers run through Tokyo. One is the Arakawa River which runs from the north to the south, and flows into Tokyo Bay. The other is the Tama River which runs from the west to the east. The Tama River is a border between Tokyo and its neighbor city, Kawasaki.

History
In 1943, Tokyo prefecture's municipalities and city of Tokyo were associated in a special way. The administration of Tokyo city merged with the administration of Tokyo Prefecture. Tokyo Metropolis is governed by the Tokyo Metropolitan Government.

Other cities

Other towns/villages

Izu & Ogasawara Islands
Tokyo has many outlying islands.

The Izu Islands include Izu Ōshima, Toshima, Niijima, Shikinejima, Kozushima, Miyakejima, Mikurajima, Hachijojima, and Aogashima.

The Ogasawara Islands include Chichi-jima, Nishinoshima, Haha-jima, Kita Iwo Jima, Iwo Jima, and Minami Iwo Jima. Minami Torishima, the  easternmost point in Japan, is also part of the Ogasawaras. Okinotorishima, the southernmost point in Japan, is also administered by Tokyo as part of this group.

Transportation 
Tokyo is the cultural, business, and political center of the country. It is also the center of many transport systems. There are many air, rail, sea, and road links in and out of the city. Local subway and bus systems serve every part of the city.

Two commercial airports serve Tokyo. Haneda Airport is in the city limits next to Tokyo Bay. This airport is mostly for domestic travel. Most international flights to and from Tokyo go through Narita International Airport in Chiba Prefecture, opened in 1978.

Tokyo has a busy international and domestic port, but more traffic goes through the nearby port of Yokohama. There are domestic ferries to the islands of Tokyo, but also to other parts of the country such as Hokkaido.

Sister cities
 Beijing, China
 Berlin, Germany
 Cairo, Egypt
 Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
 Jakarta, Indonesia
 London, England, United Kingdom
 Mumbai, India
 São Paulo, Brazil
 Algiers, Algeria
 Rome, Italy
 Venice, Italy

Related pages
 Tokyo
 Provinces of Japan
 Prefectures of Japan
 List of regions of Japan
 List of islands of Japan

References

Other websites 

Tokyo Metropolitan Government

Tokyo
1943 establishments
Ring of Brodgar

The Ring of Brodgar is a Neolithic henge and stone circle on Mainland, the largest island in Orkney, Scotland. It is part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site known as the Heart of Neolithic Orkney.

The stone circle is  in diameter, and the third largest in the British Isles. The ring originally comprised 60 stones, of which only 27 remained standing at the end of the 20th century. The tallest stones stand at the south and west of the ring.

The stones are set in a circular ditch up to  deep,  wide and  in circumference that was carved out of the solid sandstone bedrock by the ancient residents. Technically, this ditch does not constitute a true henge as there is no sign of an encircling bank of earth and rock. However, many archaeologists refer to this structure as a henge. Aubrey Burl classifies the ditch as a Class II henge; one that has two opposing entrances, in this case on the north-west and south-east.

The Ring is in a significant ritual landscape. Within  there are the two circle-henges, four chambered tombs, groups of standing stones, single stones, barrows, cairns, and mounds. A number of flint arrowheads and broken stone mace-heads were found nearby. They seem to date from the Bronze Age. The nearby Standing Stones of Stenness and its Maeshowe tomb help to make the Ring of Brodgar a site of major importance.

References 

Prehistoric buildings and structures
Archaeological sites in Scotland
Henges
Stone circles
Orkney
Neolithic
EPR paradox

The EPR paradox is an early and strong criticism of quantum mechanics. Albert Einstein and his co-workers, Boris Podolsky and Nathan Rosen, said that Niels Bohr, Werner Heisenberg, and the other scientists in Copenhagen were wrong about uncertainty. Heisenberg claimed that you could never know, for any one time, both the position and momentum (or velocity, or trajectory) of any atom-sized or smaller particle. The idea was that the two could not be measured at the same time, and that as soon as one was measured a change would occur and you would not get the same answer for the other one that you would have gotten if you had measured it first. Einstein and his group said that Heisenberg should think again. Suppose you had two very small particles. You measured the weight of each of them and then stuck them together. You gave them a little push. Then something broke them apart. They should have both positions and velocities that were related. So if you measured the position of one of them, then even if you assumed that Heisenberg was right and you could not involve messing up its velocity in the process of measuring it, surely that did not mean that it never had a definite velocity. For proof, Einstein said that you could next measure the velocity of the second particle and, since everything was mathematically related, you would then know the velocity of the first particle. 

There was one way that Heisenberg could be right, a reason that Einstein thought was nonsense: What if measuring the position of the first particle would mess up the velocity of the second particle. That would be like magic. How could anybody explain such an influence? Suppose that the two particles were moving away very fast and a long time had gone by. If something that happened to the first particle somehow influenced the second particle, its influence would have to travel faster than the speed of light, which is impossible. Physicists like Erwin Schrödinger suggested that maybe the relationship in position and velocity would just gradually go away somehow. Schrödinger called the connection between the two particles (and anything like it that happened to other things) "entanglement." 

"Spooky action at a distance," as Einstein called it, is one way of understanding this paradox. Einstein had no way of knowing that future experiments would show that entanglement exists. In the end, John Stewart Bell showed mathematically that there is no way that hidden variables could account for experimental results that show entanglement.

References 

Quantum mechanics
Soakage

A soakage, or soak, is a source of water in the deserts of Australia. It is called a soak because the water generally soaks into the sandy ground, and is stored below. They sometimes form part of an ephemeral river or drainage system. Soakages were traditionally important sources of water for Aboriginal people in the desert, because they are the most reliable sources in times of drought. Knowing the exact location of each soakage was very valuable knowledge. In the 19th century, the explorers Peter Warburton and David Carnegie wrote that they had chased down Aboriginal people with camels and captured and chained them to force them to reveal their secret sources of water.

References

Geography of Australia
Indigenous Australian history
Water
Aquifers
Agriculture in Australia
America's Next Top Model, Cycle 17

America's Next Top Model: All-Stars is the seventeenth cycle of America's Next Top Model. This cycle features contestants from previous cycles who didn't win. They compete for a grand prize. The winner was 30-year-old Lisa D'Amato.

The prizes for this cycle were:
A spread in Vogue
A $100,000 contract with CoverGirl
A correspondent for Extra
A campaign with Express
A chance to be the face of America's Next Top Model fragrance "Dreams Come True"

Contestants
This cycle had 14 previous contestants:
 Shannon Ratliff (runner-up) | (6th)
 Camille McDonald (5th) | (11th)
 Brittany Brower (4th) | (14th)
 Lisa D'Amato (6th) | (Winner)
 Brittany "Bre" Scullark (3rd) | (10th)
 Bianca Golden (4th) | (8/9th)
 Dominique Reighard (4th) | (5th)
 Isis King (10th) | (12th)
 Sheena Satana (6th) | (13th)
 Allison Harvard (runner-up) | (Runner-up)
 Laura Kirkpatrick (runner-up) | (4th)
 Angelea Preston (3rd/4th) | (3rd)
 Kayla Ferrel (3rd/4th) | (8/9th)
 Alexandria Everett (4th) | (7th)

Episodes
Episode 1
Best: Isis King
Worst: Alexandria Everett & Brittany Brower
Eliminated: Brittany Brower

Episode 2
Best: Lisa D'Amato 
Worst: Kayla Ferrel & Sheena Satana
Eliminated: Sheena Satana

Episode 3
Best/Immune: Allison Harvard
Worst: Isis King & Angelea Preston
Eliminated: Isis King

Episode 4
Best: Angelea Preston
Worst: Lisa D'Amato & Camille McDonald
Eliminated: Camille McDonald

Episode 5
Best: Laura Kirkpatrick
Worst: Lisa D'Amato & Angelea Preston
Eliminated: None

Episode 6
Best: Dominique Reighard
Worst: Alexandria Everett & Bre Scullark
Eliminated: Bre Scullark

Episode 7
Best/Immune: Lisa D'Amato
Worst: Bianca Golden, Kayla Ferrel & Shannon Ratliff
Eliminated: Bianca Golden & Kayla Ferrel

Episode 8
Best: Allison Harvard
Worst: Alexandria Everett & Angelea Preston
Eliminated: Alexandria Everett

Episode 9
Best: Dominique Reighard
Worst: Laura Kirkpatrick & Shannon Ratliff
Eliminated: Shannon Ratliff

Episode 10
Best: Laura Kirkpatrick
Worst: Dominique Reighard & Angelea Preston
Eliminated: Dominique Reighard

Episode 11
Best: Lisa D'Amato
Worst: Laura Kirkpatrick & Allison Harvard
Eliminated: Laura Kirkpatrick

Episode 12
Disqualified: Angelea Preston

Final Two: Lisa D'Amato & Allison Harvard
America's Next Top Model: Lisa D'Amato

America's Next Top Model
Wuhan

Wuhan () is the capital of Hubei province, People's Republic of China, and is the city with most people in Central China. It is at the east of the Jianghan Plain, where the Yangtze and Han rivers meet. Joining three nearby cities, Wuchang, Hankou, and Hanyang, Wuhan is a center of transportation, with many railways, roads and expressways passing through. Because of its important role in transportation, Wuhan was sometimes called the "Chicago of China." It is also recognized as the political, economic, financial, cultural, and educational center of central China. 

The city of Wuhan, first called so in 1927, has 10,020,000 people (as at 2011). In the 1920s, Wuhan was the national capital of a Kuomintang (KMT) government led by Wang Jingwei when he was against Chiang Kai-shek, and it was also the capital in 1937.

In December 2019, the COVID-19 pandemic started in Wuhan.

References

Cities in China
1927 establishments in Asia
20th-century establishments in China
Wuhan University

Wuhan University () is a university in Wuhan, China. It started teaching in 1893. The buildings and the cherry blossom in the university are very beautiful and well known.  People think it is one of the most beautiful universities in China.

References

Colleges and universities in the People's Republic of China
1893 establishments
Mantarur

Mantarur is a hilly area in the southwest of the Northern Territory, Australia. It forms the southeastern end of the Olia Chain of mountains. This outcrop includes Butler's Dome (; 1102 metres above sea level). The granite escarpment called Foster's Cliff is nearby to the east. Mantarur is located about  southwest of Kata Tjuṯa. It is on Pitjantjatjara land, part of the Petermann Aboriginal Land Trust. A family outstation was established here in the 1980s, at a rockhole in the western slopes. It has since been abandoned.

Frank Rees George led a prospecting expedition through the area between 1905 and 1906. George gave names to several of the landforms, including Butler's Dome, which is believed to have been named after Richard Butler, who was a minister of South Australia. He named Foster's Cliff after R. W. Foster, the South Australian Commissioner of Public Works. The expedition found traces of gold at Foster's Cliff, but not enough of it to warrant mining. It was the only place in the Petermann Ranges found to contain any gold.

References

Geography of the Northern Territory
Maria Tallchief

Elizabeth Marie Tall Chief (stage name Maria Tallchief; January 24, 1925 - April 11, 2013) was the first person of Native American descent to become prima ballerina for a major company. She is especially well known for her time with the New York City Ballet, where she performed between 1948 and 1965. 

Maria Tallchief grew up on an Indian reservation in Oklahoma. Her father was Osage. Her mother was Scottish-Irish. She started doing ballet at age four. By the time she was eight, she had already gone through all teachers at her level in Oklahoma, so her family moved to Beverly Hills. She was trained by Bronislava Nijinska, David Lichine, and George Balanchine. Balanchine became her husband in 1942. She starred in many of her husband's ballets including The Firebird. After she starred in The Firebird, she got international recognition. She was an artistic director of the Chicago City Ballet from 1980 to 1987. She was recognized in the National Women's Hall of Fame. 

Maria Tallchief died due to complications from surgery to fix a broken hip at the Northwestern Memorial Hospital in Chicago at age 88.

References

Anderson, Jack. "Maria Tallchief, a Dazzling Ballerina and Muse for Balanchine, Dies at 88." New York Times Apr 13 2013, Late Edition (East Coast) ed. ProQuest. 29 May 2015.
Matheson, Katy. "Tallchief, Maria."  World Book Advanced. World Book, 2015. Web.  29 May 2015.

Other websites
Archive footage of Maria Tallchief and Michael Maule performing Firebird in 1951 at Jacob's Pillow 
Biography for Maria Tallchief at the Internet Movie Database
Maria Tallchief from Upstream Video Productions
Maria Tallchief interview by Bruce Duffie
 Maria Tallchief Dances  TV appearance, Christmas 1952

Entertainers from Oklahoma
1925 births
2013 deaths
Deaths from surgical complications
Deaths from fractured hip
Accidental deaths in Chicago
Accidental deaths from falls
American dancers
Native American people
Olia chain

The Olia Chain (or The Olias) is a mountain range in the southwest of the Northern Territory, Australia. It forms the southeastern end of the Petermann Ranges, and connects these ranges with the Musgrave Ranges further south. The Olia Chain consists of scattered outcrops of rocky hills, separated and surrounded by sandy plains. It extends from Katamala Cone (828 m) at its northern end to Mantarur (including Butler's Dome, 1102 m) in the south. The centre of the chain is dominated by Stevenson Peak (1025 m). A few kilometres northeast of this peak is a Pitjantjatjara outstation, called Pirrulpakalarintja.

The Olia Chain mostly consist of flat-topped ridges composed of sandstone, slate, quartzite, and limestone rock beds.

Mountain ranges of Australia
Mountains of the Northern Territory
Star Fox Adventures

Star Fox Adventures is an action-adventure video game for the Nintendo GameCube game console. It was developed by Rare and published by Nintendo. It was released in North America on September 23, 2002, in Japan on September 27, 2002, and in Europe on November 22, 2002. It was Rare's last game for a Nintendo console before they were bought by Microsoft as a developer for their Xbox console. The plot centers around Fox McCloud restoring the remote Dinosaur Planet by finding pieces that have broken off of it.

Unlike the other Star Fox games, Star Fox Adventures plays as an action-adventure game similar to The Legend of Zelda: Ocarina of Time. Instead of a blaster, Fox uses a staff as his weapon. Fox can find power-ups for his staff that allow it to fire projectiles, freeze enemies, and reach areas that he cannot reach on his own. Fox cannot jump unless he runs off of something, in the same way that Link jumps in The Legend of Zelda: Ocarina of Time.

2002 video games
Nintendo GameCube games
Star Fox
Orthonormality

Two vectors in an inner product space are orthonormal if and only if they are orthogonal (perpendicular) and unit vectors.

Algebra
Functions and mappings
Frank Bank

Frank Bank (April 12, 1942 – April 13, 2013) was an American actor. He was best known for his role as Clarence "Lumpy" Rutherford on the situation comedy television series Leave It to Beaver.

Bank was born on April 12, 1942 in Los Angeles, California. He died on April 13, 2013 from unknown causes, aged 71.

References

Other websites

1942 births
2013 deaths
Actors from Los Angeles
American movie actors
American stage actors
American television actors
American voice actors
Harvey Fierstein

Harvey Forbes Fierstein (born June 6, 1954) is an American actor and playwright. He is known for playing his voice roles as Yao in the 1998 animated movie Mulan and Koosalagoopagoop in Dexter's Laboratory. He won two Tony Awards and two Drama Desk Awards.

Fierstein was born on June 6, 1954 in Brooklyn, New York. He was raised Jewish, but he is an atheist. Fierstein is openly gay. He now lives in Ridgefield, Connecticut. Fierstein is an activist for Gay Rights as supporter for the Democratic Party.

Filmography

Film

Television

Video games

References

Other websites

Review of Torch Song Trilogy, with information about Fierstein 
TonyAwards.com Interview with Harvey Fierstein 
 Donald L. Brooks' memoir of early casting of Fierstein and commissioning and directing Fierstein's first play. 

1954 births
Living people
Actors from New York City
American atheists
American LGBT rights activists
American movie actors
American playwrights
American stage actors
American television actors
American voice actors
Democrats (United States)
Drama Desk Award winners
Gay Jews
Jewish activists
Jewish American actors
Jewish American LGBT people
Jewish American writers
Jewish atheists
LGBT actors
LGBT playwrights
Tony Award winning actors
James Whistler

James Abbott McNeill Whistler  (; July 11, 1834July 17, 1903) was an American painter, most famous for a portrait of his mother.

References 

1834 births
1903 deaths
American painters
Railgun

A railgun is a gun that fires metal projectiles (bullets) using a magnetic field produced by electricity. Unlike conventional guns, it does not use brass casings or gunpowder, and rarely needs to be cleaned or unjammed. Currently most railguns are experimental and are not used in war yet, but the U.S. Army is expecting to create one for war within the next few decades. In theory, a railgun could fire a bowling-ball-sized projectile fast enough to destroy a small building, even over long distances. Railguns are usually very large and not portable because of the need for a large power supply. There have been proposals to use the same technology for non-weapon purposes, such as aircraft and spacecraft launchers and specialized tools.

Firearms
Artillery
Beneficiary

A beneficiary is someone who gets money or other things from somebody else. For example, in a life insurance policy the beneficiary gets the money after the insured person dies. A beneficiary can also be the person chosen in someone's will. The person or group who gives the money is called the benefactor. In Trust law the beneficiary is the person who receives property from a trustee.

References 

Legal terms
Katiti Aboriginal Land Trust

The Katiti Aboriginal Land Trust is a land trust for a block of land in the southwest of the Northern Territory, Australia. It was created through the Katiti Land Claim in 1980. The trust's owners include Pitjantjatjara, Yankunytjatjara and Luritja people. The block of land is officially referred to as Northern Territory Portion 1818. It borders the larger Petermann Land Trust area and Uluṟu–Kata Tjuṯa National Park to the north and west, and two pastoral stations to the east and south: Curtin Springs and Mulga Park. The town of Yulara is excluded from the Land Trusts, and sits between the Katiti block and Uluṟu–Kata Tjuṯa National Park.

The trust is named after Katiti (), a natural spring located about  south of Lake Amadeus. This spring was first written about by Baldwin Spencer and Francis James Gillen. They visited it in 1894 on their way to Uluṟu, and recorded the name "Kurtitina" (more accurately, ). The prospecting expedition led by Lawrence Wells visited the spring in 1903, and Herbert Basedow marked it on his maps as "Curtyteena".

History
Before the 1970s, the area of land now held by the Katiti ALT was considered crown land by the government. The region to the southwest had been declared an Aboriginal reservation in 1920. An area of land around Uluṟu and Kata Tjuṯa had been made into the Ayers Rock–Mt Olga National Park in 1958. The Katiti block, however, was considered unused. In 1976, the Australian Federal Government passed the Aboriginal Land Rights Act. This law allowed Aboriginal communities to claim ownership of unused land, and to be granted freehold title to that land if they could show that they had a historical association with it. Section 4 of the act gave the Minister for Aboriginal Affairs the power to establish Land Trusts to look after the title.

The Katiti Land Claim was formally submitted in 1979. The claim was for a larger area than what is held by the Trust today, and included the Ayers Rock–Mt Olga National Park. It was sumbitted by the Central Land Council on the behalf of several hundred people, most of whom lived at Muṯitjulu. The people were granted legal ownership to the block of land now held by the Katiti ALT on 30 September 1980. They were not granted the title to Ayers Rock–Mt Olga because it was already being used as a national park. They were, however, recognised as the park's traditional owners (). Also excluded from the property granted were a  area surrounding the resort town of Yulara, and a  area covering the Petermann Road, which provided tourist access to Uluṟu.

Petermann Road was later replaced by the Lasseter Highway, and the government transferred the title to the old road to the Katiti ALT on 23 February 1990. Legal ownership over the national park's land was eventually granted to its traditional owners in 1985, and the title to this area is held by the Uluṟu–Kata Tjuṯa Aboriginal Land Trust. Ownership of the Yulara area was the subject of a court case, which ended in 2006.

References

Aboriginal Land Trusts
Northern Territory
1980 establishments in Australia
Palestinian political violence

Palestinian political violence is the violence of the Arabs in Palestine. Its history begins from 1851 during the Ottoman Empire, and continued after the declaration of Israel in 1948 until today. The violence has included stabbing, shootings, and bombings. Palestinian political violence has targeted Israelis, Palestinians, Lebanese, Jordanians, Egyptians, Americans, and citizens of other countries.

Other websites 
 Palestinian terror groups in the Jewish Virtual Library website

Arab–Israeli conflict
Palestine
Nationalism
Violence
Fred Durst

William Frederick "Fred" Durst (born August 20, 1970 in Gastonia, North Carolina) is an American singer and movie director known for being the lead singer of the nu metal band, Limp Bizkit.

He is also known for his work in independent movies and made his directorial debut in with the 2007 movie The Education of Charlie Banks. The second movie he directed was the 2008 movie The Longshots. He was ranked at #71 in the Top 100 Heavy Metal Vocalists by Hit Parader.

References

Other websites

 

1970 births
Living people
American heavy metal musicians
American movie directors
Rap musicians from North Carolina
American singer-songwriters
Musicians from North Carolina
Singers from Florida
Dave Lombardo

David Lombardo (born February 16, 1965 in Havana, Cuba) is a Cuban American musician, best known as the co-founder and drummer of the American thrash metal band Slayer. 

Lombardo has also been a part of his side project Grip Inc., Fantômas, Philm, and Testament. He was born in Havana and moved to South Gate, California with his family when he was two years old. He was given his first drum set at the age of ten. He was given the title "the godfather of double bass" from Drummer World. He is known as an inspiration to many modern metal drummers, mainly within both the thrash and death metal genres. 

He left Slayer in 2013 and was replaced by Paul Bostaph. After he left Slayer, he decided to reform his side project Grip Inc.

Lombardo now plays for Suicidal Tendencies, Dead Cross, and The Misfits.

References

American drummers
American heavy metal musicians
Cuban musicians
Drummers
People from Havana
1965 births
Living people
Mount Currie

Mount Currie is a mountain in the southwest of the Northern Territory, Australia. It is about  above sea level. It is part of the same line of conglomerate hills that includes Uluṟu and Kata Tjuṯa. These three formations have very similar compositions. The sheet of conglomerate that is shared by all three is called Mount Currie Conglomerate.

The peak was named Mount Currie by the explorer William H. Tietkens, who led an expedition through the area in 1889. He named the peak from a distance, and did not actually approach it. The first White explorers to reach Mount Currie were the Mackay Expedition in June 1926, which was led by Donald Mackay and Herbert Basedow.

References

Mountains of the Northern Territory
Plastic Brit

"Plastic Brit" is a rude insult that is used towards sportspeople who were not born in the United Kingdom but were chosen to compete for Great Britain. It was mainly used by the Daily Mail in the build up to the 2012 Summer Olympics. It was argued against by some of the sportspeople who were called "Plastic Brits", including Yamilé Aldama who wrote a page against it in The Guardian.

Sources

Phrases
Pejoratives
Subculture
British culture
Aurora (disambiguation)

An aurora is a natural light display usually seen near the Earth's poles.

Aurora might also mean:

Places
Cities in the United States
Aurora, Colorado
Aurora, Illinois
Aurora, Indiana
Aurora, Iowa

Other
Aurora (aircraft), an alleged surveillance aircraft
Aurora (mythology), Roman goddess of the dawn
Aurora Pro Patria 1919, an Italian football club
Worm charming

Worm charming, worm grunting, and worm fiddling are methods of attracting earthworms out from the ground. It is usually done to collect bait for fishing, but it can also be a sport. Most worm charming methods involve vibrating the soil, which encourages the worms to the surface. One method involves twirling a steel pole in the ground, which moves the dirt, making the worms in the area go to the top of the ground.
The worm grunting capital of the world is Albuquerque, New Mexico. Every year on June 21, thousands of fishermen show up for the annual worm grunting festival.
The activity is usually performed to collect bait for fishing.

References

Sports involving animals
Fishing
Leisure
Yoruba religion

Yoruba religion is a traditional West African religion, mainly from Nigeria. It is the religion of the Yoruba people. It has influenced some off-shoot religious groups. It is nowadays a minority religion. A central idea behind the Yoruba religion is that natural objects, like trees, rivers, stones, and iron have a spiritual existence.

The Yoruba religion has had great influence among black people in Cuba, many of whom are Yoruba descendants. It has some usage in other Caribbean islands, and in the United States.<ref>Canizares, Raul 1993. Walking with the night: the afro-Cuban world of santeria. Rochester, VT: Destiny.</ref>Gonzalez-Whippler, Migene 1982. The santeria experience. N.Y. Original Publications. ISBN 0-942272-15-3Mason, Michael Atwood 2002. Living santeria: rituals and experiences in an Afro-Cuban religion. Washington: Smithsonian. ISBN 1-58834-077-5Thompson, Robert Farris 1983. Flash of the spirit: African and Afro-American art & philosophy. N.Y. Vintage. ISBN 0-394-72369-4  In Cuba the religion is known locally as regla d'ocha, (meaning 'the way of the spirits'). Santería'' is a slightly wider term referring to the merging ("syncretism") of African spirits and Catholic saints. Adherents in countries like Cuba may be received into the Catholic church and initiated into the Yoruban religion, sometimes on successive days.

References

African traditional religions
Nigerian culture
Benin
Cuban culture
Intracranial aneurysm

Cerebral aneurysms, also called brain aneurysms, are a cerebrovascular issue in which weakness in the walls of a cerebral artery causes localized dilation or ballooning in the blood vessel. Small, unchanging aneurysms may produce very few symptoms. However, before a larger aneurysm ruptures, individuals may experience sudden or severe headaches, nausea, vomiting and vision problems. The rupture may also directly cause serious damage directly to the brain, usually from the bleeding itself-this is a hemorrhagic stroke that can lead to and may cause arm or leg weakness or paralysis and speech troubles. Cerebral aneurysms may result due to congenital defect, high blood pressure or head trauma. Onsets are sometimes sudden and without warning, and such ruptures are extremely dangerous and usually result in bleeding into the brain itself, leading to a subarachnoid hemorrhage, which then constitutes a stroke. This condition may lead to death or permanent disability for some individuals.

Health problems
Stroke