cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Stan Stephens

Stanley Graham Stephens (September 16, 1929 – April 3, 2021) was an American politician and broadcaster. He served as the 20th Governor of Montana from 1989 until 1993. He was born in Calgary, Alberta. Stephens is a member of the Republican Party.

Stephens died on April 3, 2021 in Kalispell, Montana at the age of 91.

References

Other websites
Montana Broadcasters Association 
National Governors Association 
Montana Historical Society 
The Political Graveyard

1929 births
2021 deaths
Governors of Montana
Politicians from Calgary
US Republican Party politicians
Murphy J. Foster Jr.

Murphy James Foster, Jr., known as Mike Foster (July 11, 1930 – October 4, 2020) was an American politician. He served as the 53rd Governor of Louisiana. He served from January 1996 until January 2004. Foster is a businessman, landowner, and sportsman in St. Mary Parish.

Foster died in Franklin, Louisiana on October 4, 2020 at the age of 90.

References

Other websites
State of Louisiana – Biography 
DuBos, Clancy.  “Foster on Fire.”  Gambit Weekly.  October 3, 1995.
Kurtz, David.  “Mike’s Millions:  He may be a working man, but Mike Foster certainly doesn’t have to.”  New Orleans Magazine, May 1996.
Reeves, Miriam.  The Governors of Louisiana.  Gretna: Pelican Publishing, 1998.
Warner, Chris.  “Mike Foster’s Legacy: What Will it Be?” State Business Louisiana. Winter 2002.
Governor Murphy J. "Mike" Foster, Jr. 

1930 births
2020 deaths
Businesspeople from Louisiana
American military personnel of the Korean War
Episcopalians
Governors of Louisiana
Ranchers
US Republican Party politicians
Ed Gillespie

Edward Walter "Ed" Gillespie (born August 1, 1961) is an American Republican politician. He served as the 61st Chairman of the Republican National Committee and Counselor to the President during George W. Bush's administration.

Gillespie, along with Democrat Jack Quinn, founded Quinn Gillespie & Associates, a bipartisan lobbying firm. In January 2014, Gillespie announced he was running for Virginia's U.S. Senate seat currently held by Mark Warner in the 2014 election, and on June 7, 2014, he received the Republican nomination.

In October 2015, Gillespie announced his plans to run for Governor of Virginia in 2017. In June 2017, he became the Republican Party's candidate for governor in Virginia's 2017 election, facing Democratic nominee Ralph Northam who later won the election.

References

Other websites
 Official Senate Campaign Website
 Quinn & Gillespie 
 
 Chris Oakes, "Selling America on Crypto," Wired, March 4, 1998.
 The United States Needs a Clear and Realistic Encryption Policy , Statement of Edward Gillespie, executive director, Americans for Computer Privacy, March 4, 1999.
 Jim VandeHei, "Bush Policies Ease Transition For Aides Into Lobbyist Jobs," Wall Street Journal, March 19, 2001.https://web.archive.org/web/20030226013426/http://www.counterpunch.org/pipermail/counterpunch-list/2001-March/007364.html
 Ryan Lizza, "The Insider," New Republic, June 19, 2001.https://web.archive.org/web/20021030041000/http://www.tnr.com/073001/lizza073001_print.html
 A look at the 2004 presidential field , CNN.com, January 1, 2003: Ed Gillespie joined "Crossfire" hosts James Carville and Tucker Carlson.
 Robert Novak, "Bush on the Hill," Creators Syndicate, May 24, 2003.
 Mike Allen, "Bush Picks Campaign Chief, RNC Chairman ," Washington Post, June 17, 2003.
 Elisabeth Bumiller, "Fierce Defender of President to Lead Campaign for Court", New York Times, July 6, 2005.
 Thomas B. Edsall, "Lobbyist to Campaign For Bush Court Nominee: Gillespie Choice Marks Bid to Use GOP Muscle", Washington Post, July 8, 2005.
 

1961 births
Living people
American lobbyists
American Roman Catholics
Politicians from New Jersey
Politicians from Virginia
US Republican Party politicians
Joe Marston

James Edward "Joe" Marston MBE (7 January 1926 – 29 November 2015) was an Australian association football player. He became the first Australian to appear in a FA Cup Final when he turned out for Preston North End in their 1954 defeat to West Bromwich Albion. He was born in Leichhardt, New South Wales, Australia.

Martson's death was announced on 29 November 2015. He was 89 years old.

References

1926 births
2015 deaths
Australian footballers
Sportspeople from New South Wales
Fernando de la Rúa

Fernando de la Rúa (15 September 1937 – 9 July 2019) was an Argentine politician. He was president of the country from December 10, 1999 to December 21, 2001. He resigned during the December 2001 riots.

He died of heart and kidney failure in Belén de Escobar, Argentina on 9 July 2019 at the age of 81.

References

Other websites

 Biography and tenure by CIDOB (in Spanish)

1937 births
2019 deaths
Deaths from heart failure
Deaths from renal failure
Presidents of Argentina
Loretta Lynch

Loretta Elizabeth Lynch (born May 21, 1959) is an American politician. She was the 83rd Attorney General of the United States from April 27, 2015 to January 20, 2017. Before, she served as United States Attorney for the Eastern District of New York from 1999 through 2001 and again from 2010 through 2015. 

Lynch was nominated by President Barack Obama on November 8, 2014. Her appointment was confirmed on April 23, 2015 by a 56 to 43 vote. Her nomination process was one of the longest in the history of the United States, taking 166 days after she was first nominated for the post.

References

Other websites

 

1959 births
Living people
United States Attorneys General
African American lawyers
Politicians from North Carolina
Politicians from New York City
People from Greensboro, North Carolina
US Democratic Party politicians
Lawyers from North Carolina
Lawyers from New York City
Michael Mukasey

Michael Bernard Mukasey
(;
born July 28, 1941)
is an American lawyer and former judge. He served as the 81st Attorney General of the United States. Mukasey was appointed following the resignation of Alberto Gonzales. Mukasey also served for 18 years as a judge of the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York, appointed by Ronald Reagan, six of those years as Chief Judge.

References

1941 births
Living people
United States Attorneys General
American judges
Lawyers from New York City
Politicians from New York City
US Republican Party politicians
William Barr

William Pelham "Bill" Barr (born May 23, 1950) is an American attorney. He was the 85th Attorney General of the United States from February 14, 2019 to December 23, 2020 under the Donald Trump presidency. Before, he was the 77th Attorney General under the George H. W. Bush presidency from 1991 to 1993.

On December 7, 2018, President Donald Trump announced that he would nominate Barr to again serve as Attorney General of the United States. He was confirmed, for a second time, as Attorney General on February 14, 2019, and assumed office later the same day.

On December 14, 2020, Trump announced that Barr would be resigning as attorney general, effective December 23.

References

1950 births
Living people
United States Attorneys General
Lawyers from New York City
Politicians from New York City
US Republican Party politicians
Nicholas Katzenbach

Nicholas deBelleville "Nick" Katzenbach (January 17, 1922 –  May 8, 2012) was an American lawyer. He was the United States Attorney General during the Lyndon B. Johnson administration. He was Attorney General from February 1965 through October 1966.

Other websites

Oral History Interviews with Nicholas Katzenbach, from the Lyndon Baines Johnson Library 
Artículo en español del diario "El País", 26 de mayo de 2012, "Nicholas Katzenbach, crucial político en la sombra"

1922 births
2012 deaths
Alumni of the University of Oxford
Lawyers from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
American military personnel of World War II
Episcopalians
Politicians from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Princeton University alumni
United States Attorneys General
US Democratic Party politicians
Yale University alumni
United States Deputy Attorneys General
Elliot Richardson

Elliot Lee Richardson (July 20, 1920 December 31, 1999) was an American lawyer and politician. He was a member of the cabinet of Presidents Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford. As U.S. Attorney General, he was a known figure in the Watergate Scandal, and resigned rather than obey President Nixon's order to fire special prosecutor Archibald Cox.

Richardson served as Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare from 1970 to 1973, Secretary of Defense from January to May 1973, Attorney General from May to October 1973, and Secretary of Commerce from 1976 to 1977. That makes him one of only two individuals to have held four Cabinet positions within the United States government (the other such individual being George Shultz).

On December 31, 1999, Richardson died of a cerebral hemorrhage in Boston, Massachusetts, at the age of 79.

References

Other websites
 Social Security Administration Biography - Elliot L. Richardson
 

1920 births
1999 deaths
Deaths from cerebral hemorrhage
United States Secretaries of Commerce
United States Secretaries of Defense
United States Attorneys General
Lieutenant Governors of Massachusetts
Politicians from Boston, Massachusetts
US Republican Party politicians
Lawyers from Boston
Frequency probability

Frequency probability or Frequentism is one of the interpretations of probability theory. Repeating a scientific experiment very often gives a number of results. It is then possible, to count the number of times that a given event happened and compare it to the total number of experiments.

This interpretation of probabiilty was very important for statistics. People who use this interpretation are often called Frequentists. Well-known frequentists include  Richard von Mises, Egon Pearson, Jerzy Neyman, R. A. Fisher and John Venn.

Other interpretations of probability are Bayesian probability and Axiomatic probability theory

Mathematics
Satellite navigation

A satellite navigation or satnav system is a way of pinpointing position very exactly.

Satnav uses a system of satellites. The system gives exact positioning. It allows small electronic receivers to find their position (longitude, latitude, and altitude/elevation). The position is given within a few metres using time signals transmitted along a straight line (line of sight) by radio from satellites. The signals also allow the receivers to calculate the current local time to high precision. A satellite navigation system with global coverage may be called a global navigation satellite system (GNSS). Global Positioning System is the biggest and most used GNSS. GLONASS, owned by Russia, is the second biggest. China, India, and the European Union are working on similar systems of their own.

Satellites
Navigation
Bad Santa

Bad Santa is a 2003 American Christmas criminal black comedy movie.

Cast
 Billy Bob Thornton
 Tony Cox
 Brett Kelly
 Lauren Graham

Soundtrack
 Nocturne No. 2 in E-Flat Minor Op 9
 Jingle Bell Rock by Bobby Sherman

References

2003 comedy-drama movies
2003 crime movies
2000s crime drama movies
2000s criminal comedy movies
American comedy-drama movies
American crime drama movies
American criminal comedy movies
American black comedy movies
Christmas movies
English-language movies
Movies set in Arizona
Phoenix, Arizona in fiction
Property law

Property law covers two types of property in the common law legal system, real property and personal property. In the civil law system, there is a division between movable and immovable property. Movable property is more or less the same as personal property. It includes money, stocks, notes, copyrights and patents.

History 
The idea behind all property law is property. In some jurisdictions, historically all property was owned by the monarch. Land ownership was through land tenure in feudal systems. The first legal right of absolute ownership was under Roman law and was called dominion.

The Napoleonic Code was among the first government acts of modern times to introduce the notion of absolute ownership into statute. But protection of personal property rights was present in medieval Islamic law.

References 

Law
Legal terms
Tyler Ritter

Tyler David Ritter (born January 31, 1985) is an American actor best known as the star of The McCarthys. Ritter is the son of the late John Ritter. He is also the brother of Jason Ritter. He grew up in Los Angeles. Ritter acted in high school plays and student movies, but did not immediately pursue acting professionally. After graduating from the University of Pennsylvania in 2007, he worked for three years as a teacher in Argentina. There he married director Lelia Parma. He returned to Los Angeles and began a career as an actor at age 25. Ritter has had guest roles on Hot in Cleveland, Modern Family, Grey's Anatomy and NCIS. He landed the starring role on the 2014 sitcom The McCarthys, playing Ronny McCarthy, the openly gay son in a family of six.

References 

1985 births
Living people
Super Mario 128

Super Mario 128 refers to a series of development projects that were originally to be used only to create a sequel to Super Mario 64. As debuted at Nintendo's Space World trade show in 2000, the demonstrated graphics and physics concepts were gradually incorporated into various games across many years.  This includes the rapid object generation in Pikmin, the "sphere walking" technology used in The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess and Super Mario Galaxy, and the physics of Metroid Prime.

History

Super Mario 64 sequel
The name Super Mario 128 was first used as early as January 1997 by Shigeru Miyamoto, as a possible name for a Super Mario 64 sequel. This rumored expansion and sequel to Super Mario 64 called Super Mario 64-2 was said to be developed for the 64DD, but ended up being cancelled due to the 64DD's commercial failure. Shigeru Miyamoto mentioned at E3's 1997 convention that he was "just getting started" on the project.

In November 1999, Shigeru Miyamoto said, "Well, for over a year now at my desk, a prototype program of Mario and Luigi has been running on my monitor. We've been thinking about the game, and it may be something that could work on a completely new game system." The game had only a demo of one level made for it. Miyamoto claimed that multiplayer functionality was the first aspect of the game that he wanted to include.

References

Mario video games
Cancelled Nintendo GameCube games
Autonomic dysreflexia

Autonomic dysreflexia (AD), also called autonomic hyperreflexia, is a medical emergency.

Who Gets Autonomic Dysreflexia? 
AD usually happens in people with spinal cord injuries that have caused damage above the sixth thoracic vertebra (T6, which is about at the same level of the armpits).  However, AD sometimes happens in people with spinal damage as low as their tenth thoracic vertebra (T10, which is about a few inches above the level of the belly button).

AD can also happen in people with diseases like multiple sclerosis (MS).

Symptoms 
Acute AD causes many symptoms.  Some are very dangerous.  These symptoms include:
 Hypertensive emergency: the person's blood pressure gets very high all of a sudden.  The blood pressure can get so high that it can cause a stroke.  
 bradycardia, a slow heart rate.  If the heart beats too slowly, the rest of the body cannot get enough blood or oxygen.  This is dangerous, because every part of the body needs blood (which carries oxygen) to survive.  For example:
 If the brain does not get enough oxygen, a person can get brain damage or die.  
 If the heart does not get enough oxygen, it can stop beating normally or even stop beating completely.
 Bad headaches
 Very bad sweating
 Stuffy nose
 Skin flushing (redness) above the level of the spinal injury
 anxiety
 Thinking problems

What Causes Autonomic Dysreflexia? 
Acute AD happens when the involuntary nervous system gets overexcited.  The body's fight or flight response kicks in very strongly.  

Scientists think this happens because of afferent nerves.  Afferent nerves are supposed to sense things (like touch) and send messages back to the brain and spinal cord so the brain can decide how to react.  Scientists think that afferent nerves below the spinal cord injury cause blood pressure to get and stay high, by causing the blood vessels to get smaller.  This is part of the fight or flight response.

References

Medical emergencies
Nervous system
Anchor Bay Entertainment

Anchor Bay Entertainment was an American home entertainment and production company founded in 1985. It is a division of Starz Media which is a unit of and a joint venture with Starz Inc. which owns 75%. The Weinstein Company owns 25%. It was owned by IDT Entertainment until 2006 when IDT was purchased by Starz Media. Anchor Bay markets and sells feature movies, television series, television specials and short films to consumers worldwide. In 2004, Anchor Bay agreed to have its movies distributed by 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment and renewed their deal in 2011.

Anchor Bay also had a movie studio known as Anchor Bay Films which distributed independent theatrical films.

in 2017, Anchor Bay was shut down.

References 

Movie production companies

Companies based in California
Beverly Hills, California
1985 establishments in the United States
Tomasz Tomczykiewicz

Tomasz Kazimierz Tomczykiewicz (2 March 1961 – 28 November 2015) was a Polish politician. He was elected to the Sejm on September 25, 2005 and again in 2015 for the 8th Sejm. He was also a member of Sejm 2001-2005, Sejm 2005-2007, Sejm 2007-2011. 

Tomczykiewicz was admitted to a hospital on 25 November 2015 due to a kidney disease. He died three days later in Katowice, Poland at the age of 54.

References

1961 births
2015 deaths
Deaths from kidney disease
Disease-related deaths in Poland
Polish politicians
Hugh Hewitt

Hugh Hewitt (born February 22, 1956) is an American radio talk show host. He works with the Salem Radio Network. He is also a  lawyer, academic, and author. Hewitt is a conservative and a Catholic, he comments on society, politics, and media bias in the United States. Hewitt is also a law professor at Chapman University School of Law.

References

Other websites

 
 Hewitt's columns at Townhall.com
 
 

1956 births
Living people
American radio personalities
Lawyers from Ohio
Educators from California
American conservatives
Writers from Ohio
Writers from California
People from Orange County, California
American bloggers
Lawyers from California
Educators from Ohio
Warren, Ohio

Warren is a city in and the county seat of Trumbull County, Ohio, United States.  The city is located in northeastern Ohio, approximately  northwest of Youngstown and  west of the Pennsylvania state line.

The population was 41,557 at the 2010 census. Warren is part of the Youngstown-Warren-Boardman, OH-PA Metropolitan Statistical Area.

References

Other websites

 Warren's official website

Cities in Ohio
County seats in Ohio
Eldar Ryazanov

Eldar Alexandrovich Ryazanov (; 18 November 1927 – 30 November 2015) was a Russian movie director and screenwriter. He was named a People's Artist of the USSR in 1984. He was born in present day Samara, Russia.

He was known for his movies; Carnival Night (1955), Hussar Ballad (1962), Beware of the Car (1966), The Irony of Fate (1975), Office Romance (1977), The Garage (1979), A Cruel Romance (1984), and Promised Heaven (1991).

Ryazanov suffered a stroke in 2014. He was rushed to a hospital in Moscow for breathing problems on 21 November, 2015. Ryazanov died there eight days later on the night of 30 November from respiratory and heart failure at the age of 88.

References

Other websites
 

Russian Fan Site

1927 births
2015 deaths
Cardiovascular disease deaths in Russia
Deaths from heart failure
Deaths from respiratory failure
Russian actors
Russian movie directors
Russian movie producers
Russian screenwriters
Soviet actors
 
Soviet writers
Anatoly Savin

Anatoly Ivanovich Savin (born 6 April 1920 in Ostashkov, Russia - 27 March 2016) was a Russian scientist. He is a specialist in the field of information and control automation systems. He is also a doctor in Technical Science. Savin is the chairman of the Council on the problems of image processing and the scientific director of OJSC.

References

Other websites
 Интервью с Савиным 
 На сайте Концерн ПВО «Алмаз-Антей»  
 На сайте Биографический центр  
 На сайте ЦНИИ «Комета» 

1920 births
2016 deaths
Russian scientists
Norman Jewison

Norman Frederick Jewison, CC, O.Ont (born July 21, 1926) is a Canadian movie director, producer, and actor. He is the founder of the Canadian Film Centre. 

He is known for his works; The Cincinnati Kid (1965), The Russians Are Coming, the Russians Are Coming (1966), In the Heat of the Night (1967), The Thomas Crown Affair (1968), Fiddler on the Roof (1971), Jesus Christ Superstar (1973), F.I.S.T (1978), ...And Justice for All (1979), A Soldier's Story (1984), Agnes of God (1985), Moonstruck (1987), Other People's Money (1991), The Hurricane (1999) and The Statement (2003). 

Jewison has addressed important social and political issues throughout his directing and producing career. This often made him a controversial or complicated figure.

Other websites

The Norman Jewison Collection at the Victoria University Library at the University of Toronto contains photographs and publicity materials, papers and correspondence, shooting scripts and schedules for films directed or produced by Jewison between 1975 and 2003.
Order of Canada Citation 
 
CBC Digital Archives: Master Storyteller Norman Jewison
movie clips: , compilation, 5 min.

1926 births
Living people
Canadian movie directors
Canadian movie producers
Canadian movie actors
Actors from Toronto
Mesoamerican pyramids

The Mesoamerican pyramids were pyramids built by native american indians in Central America. They were mostly step pyramids. The Mayan pyramids are an example.

American peoples who have built pyramids include:
Aztecs
Teotihuacan
Toltecs
Zapotecs
Purépechans
Mayans
Chalchihuite

There are a number of famous step pyramids whose builders are not known, including the largest of all: the Great Pyramid of Cholula.

Pyramids
Buildings and structures in North America
Central America
Conversation Peace

Conversation Peace is the 22nd album released by American musician Stevie Wonder. It was released on the Motown label in 1995. The album was Wonder's first studio album since 1987's Characters. The album was going to be released in 1993, which was the last year new jack swing was popular, but Wonder continued to work on the album through to 1995 and the album wasn't contemporary enough to get radio airplay. It had three singles, "For Your Love", "Tomorrow Robins Will Sing" and "Treat Myself".

Track listing 
All songs written and composed by Stevie Wonder, except where noted.
 "Rain Your Love Down" – 6:08
 "Edge of Eternity" – 6:01
 "Taboo to Love" – 4:25
 "Take the Time Out" – 5:05
 "I'm New" – 5:41
 "My Love Is with You" – 5:54
 "Treat Myself" (Wonder, Stephanie Andrews) – 4:55
 "Tomorrow Robins Will Sing" – 4:46
 "Sensuous Whisper" – 5:47
 "For Your Love" – 5:00
 "Cold Chill" – 6:53
 "Sorry" – 6:45
 "Conversation Peace" – 6:39

Personnel 
Personnel involved in the album include:

 Anita Baker – Background vocals
 Ollie Brown – Conductor
 Lenny Castro – Percussion
 Ernie Fields, Jr. – Tenor saxophone
 Ladysmith Black Mambazo – Background vocals
 Robert Margouleff – Mixing
 Branford Marsalis – Saxophone
 Greg Phillinganes – Keyboards
 Melvin "Wah Wah" Ragin – Guitar
 Nathan Watts – Bass, background vocals, associate producer
 Deniece Williams – Background vocals
 The Winans - Background vocals
 Stevie Wonder – Guitar, arranger, keyboards, vocals, background vocals, multi instruments, mixing
 Syreeta Wright – Background vocals
 Take 6 - Background vocals

Charts

Peak positions

Year-end charts

Certifications

References

1995 albums
R&B albums
Soul albums
Ridley (Metroid)

is a fictional character in the Metroid video game series. Ridley is a draconic extraterrestrial and an archenemy of Samus Aran. Ridley led an attack on Samus's home planet of K-2L which destroyed the world and killed her parents. Ridley appears in his metal form in Metroid Prime and Prime 3: Corruption.

Reception
Ridley has received a positive critical response from fans and video game publications. Nintendo Power ranked Ridley at #6 on their list of favorite Nintendo villains. Jesse Schedeen of IGN called Ridley the real villain of the Metroid series, saying that they would have to include him in a Metroid movie because he would be too important to leave out.

Ridley has also appeared in the Super Smash Bros. series as a boss in Brawl'''s Subspace Emissary mode and as a boss on the Pyrosphere stage in Super Smash Bros. for Wii U''. He can help the player who damages him enough on the Pyrosphere stage.

References

Fictional characters introduced in 1986
Metroid
Nintendo video game characters
Video game characters
Overcome

Overcome is the debut studio album by English singer Alexandra Burke. It was released 19 October 2009 on Syco Music. It was released a year after Burke won the British talent show, The X Factor. It was also re-released in 2010 with a new artwork and three extra songs.

Reviews

Overcome has received mainly positive reviews.

Track listing
Information taken from Overcome liner notes.

(*) signifies co-producer

Deluxe edition
The deluxe edition track list.

References

2009 albums
2010 albums
Alexandra Burke albums
Debut albums
Dance-pop albums
Soul albums
R&B albums
Sulfur cycle

The sulfur cycle is the way sulfur moves between rocks, waterways and living systems.

Sulfur (S) is an element important to ecosystems and the climate. The majority of sulfur is stored underground, for example under the ocean or in rocks. It also occurs naturally in places like swamps (where organisms have decomposed) and volcanoes. Humans add excess sulfur into this cycle, usually through atmospheric pollution caused by fossil fuel combustion.

Steps of the sulfur cycle 
As rocks are worn down by erosion they release sulfur that was once stored, becoming SO4 once it touches the air
Plants absorb this sulfur through photosynthesis and make this sulfur organic
Animals, specifically herbivores and omnivores consume the sulfur when they eat the plants
Sulfur moves through the food chain as secondary consumers and tertiary consumers eat the primary consumers
When animals and plants die, the sulfur dissipates into the atmosphere as sulfate and also through the body of the decomposers
The sulfur in the atmosphere is returned to the soil and water cycle when it rains
Sulfur can also be naturally released when volcanoes explode. The hydrological cycle plays a critical role in moving sulfur around.

Human Impact on the sulfur cycle 
Humans are responsible for 1/3 of the sulfur in the atmosphere. Sulfur is released by the combustion of fossil fuels, as mentioned above, and is most prevalent as sulfur dioxide. Sulfur is one of the root causes of acid rain along with nitrogen and carbon which negatively affects the environment. Acid rain is created when the H2O falls and combines with the Sulfur trioxide to create Sulfuric acid. Sulfuric acid is also used in most fertilizers and so can be introduced into the water cycle from runoff off of nearby farms into rivers and lakes. This causes eutrophication and algal blooms, and so reduced the Dissolved oxygen and biodiversity in that water system. Sulfur in the atmosphere as sulfur dioxide also absorbs radiation, however which keeps the earth's surface cooler and combats some of the effects of global warming.

Biochemistry
Flag of Azad Kashmir

The State flag of Azad Jammu and Kashmir traditionally displays the Pakistani national colours, white and dark Green, with a Crescent and star to represent the Muslim-majority all of which shows its Islamic heritage and strong ties with the Federation of Pakistan. It also has a saffron square to represent the Buddhist, Hindu, Sikh and other minorities of the disputed region, the colours are clearly influenced by the Mughal Empire. The four white stripes symbolizes the main rivers of  the Kashmir region; Indus (National River of Pakistan), Jhelum, Chenab and Ravi. It also represents the five geographic divisions of the Disputed territory, namely, Baltistan, Gilgit, Jammu, the Kashmir Valley and Ladakh.

Related pages
 Flag of Pakistan (Federal)
 AJK emblem
 List of Pakistani flags

References 

Azad Kashmir
Azad Kashmir
Azad Kashmir
Oʻtkir Sultonov

Oʻtkir Toʻxtamurodovich Sultonov (Russian: Уткир Тухтамурадович Султанов, Utkir Tukhtamuradovich Sultanov)  (14 July 1939 – 29 November 2015) was an Uzbek politician. He was the Prime Minister of Uzbekistan from 21 December 1995 until 12 December 2003.

Sultonov died in Tashkent, Uzbekistan at the age of 76.

References

1939 births
2015 deaths
Prime Ministers of Uzbekistan
Claire Aho

Claire Anita Aho (2 November 1925 – 29 November 2015) was a pioneering Finnish-born Swedish photographer. She started her career in the 1940s at the Aho & Soldan company. Aho moved to Sweden in 1974 where she worked as an photographer for several newspapers including Hufvudstadsbladet and with Nordic Museum.

Aho died in Stockholm on 29 November 2015 in a fire in her home. She was 90 years old.

References

1925 births
2015 deaths
Finnish people
Swedish photographers
Anemone coronaria

Anemone coronaria (Palestinian poppy or Spanish marigold)  is a flowering plant in the genus Anemone. It is native to the Mediterranean region. It is the national flower of Palestine.

Anemone coronaria is widely grown for its decorative flowers. Numerous cultivars have been selected and named.

Note 

Plants of Asia
Ranunculales
Shigeru Mizuki

was a Japanese manga artist. He was born in Sakaiminato, Tottori. Mizuki was mostly known for his Japanese horror manga GeGeGe no Kitarō.

Mizuki died from a heart attack in Tokyo, Japan, aged 93.

References

Other websites 
"Drawing from Experience", Japan Times, February 6, 2005, last accessed in March 22, 2012.
Mizuki Production website
Sakaiminato: The town where you can meet Kitaro 
Shigeru Mizuki Road, Shigeru Mizuki Museum , photos
Japan Focus: War and Japan: The Non-Fiction Manga of Mizuki Shigeru

1922 births
2015 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Disease-related deaths in Japan
Japanese artists
Japanese military people
Military personnel of World War II
Tottori Prefecture
Gerrit Holdijk

Gerrit Holdijk (17 November 1944 –  30 November 2015) was a Dutch jurist and politician. He was born in Uddel. He was a member of the Reformed Political Party (SGP). He was a member of the States-Provincial of Gelderland from 1987 to 2011. He was also a member of the Senate from 1986 to 1987 and again from 1991 to 2015.

Holdijk died in Uddel from lung cancer, aged 71.

References

Other websites
  Senate biography
  Parlement.com biography

1944 births
2015 deaths
Deaths from lung cancer
Dutch Calvinists
Dutch provincial politicians
Members of the Senate of the Netherlands
Politicians from Gelderland
Reformed Political Party politicians
Jean Joubert

Jean Joubert (27 February 1928 – 28 November 2015) was a French novelist, short story writer, and poet.
He won the 1978 Prix Mallarmé for Poems: 1955–1975. He won the 1975 Prix Renaudot for L'Homme de sable. Joubert was born in Châlette-sur-Loing, Loiret.

Joubert died on 28 November 2015 in Paris from a heart attack, aged 87.

References

Other websites
Jean Joubert biography 

1928 births
2015 deaths
Centre-Val de Loire
Children's writers
Deaths from myocardial infarction
French novelists
French poets
Trophic levels

Trophic levels categorize organisms into different levels of the food chain. The first trophic level are producers, or autotrophs.

Biology
Phosphorus cycle

The phosphorus cycle includes the following steps:

 Phosphorus in fertilizer, rocks, and mountains is distributed by rain to nearby land and bodies of water
 Animals eat the plants grown by fertilizer. They expel the phosphorus as waste. It eventually reaches the water as runoff.
 Phosphorus is cycled through animals that live in water. It is eventually deposited into the ocean floor.
 Phosphates contribute to the sediment at the bottom of the water. That sediment becomes rock
 The ocean bed eventually becomes a mountain range over several millions of years because of normal geological functions
 The phosphorus in those mountain ranges is washed off into bodies of water and the cycle begins again and again.

Diagram

References 
Friedland, Andrew J., Rick Relyea, and David Courard-Hauri. "The Phosphorus Cycle." Environmental Science for AP*. New York: W.H. Freeman, 2012. N. pag. Print.

Biochemistry
Kirthar Mountains

The Kirthar Mountains  are in Balochistan and the Sindh provinces of Pakistan.  The range extends south for about 190 miles (300 km) from the Mula River in east-central Balochistan to Cape Monze (Muari), near Mubarak Village, Karachi on the Arabian Sea.

Kirthar National Park is one of the major wildlife reserves in Sindh, Pakistan.  The Kirthar Range forms the boundary between the Lower Indus Plain (east) and southern Balochistan (west).  It is a series of parallel rock hill ridges rising from 4,000 feet (1,200 m) in the south to nearly 8,000 feet (2,500 m) in the north.

Notes 

Mountains of Pakistan
Eddie Steeples

Eddie Steeples (born November 25, 1973) is an American actor. He is known for his roles as the Rubberband Man in an advertising campaign for OfficeMax, and as Darnell Turner in the NBC comedy My Name Is Earl.

References

American television actors
1973 births
Living people
Uskudar University

Üsküdar University is a university in Istanbul, Turkey. It was founded by the Human Values and Mental Health Foundation. It is the first university of Turkey for the study of Behavioral Health and Sciences.

The university consist of four undergraduate faculties, one Vocational School Of Health Services, and one institute.

Faculty & Institute
Communication Faculty 
Faculty of Health Sciences 
Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences 
Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences 
VOCATIONAL SCHOOL OF HEALTH SERVICES 
Institutes

References

Colleges and universities in Turkey
2011 establishments in Asia
Istanbul
2010s establishments in Turkey
Nevzat Tarhan

Kaşif Nevzat Tarhan (born on July 7, 1952 in Merzifon, Amasya, Turkey ) is a Turkish medical scientist, psychiatrist and neuropsychology expert.

Life
He was born in Merzifon in 1952. He finished Kuleli Military High School in 1969 and graduated from Cerrahpaşa Medical School Istanbul University in 1975. Following his internship at GATA (Gülhane Military Medical Academy) he worked in Cyprus and Bursa garrisons at different military medical institutions. 

In 1982 he became a specialist psychiatrist at GATA. After his clinical services as a specialist at Erzincan and Çorlu Hospitals, he became an assistant professor(1988), an associate professor (1990) at GATA Haydarpaşa. He was promoted to colonel in 1993 and became a professor in 1996. 

Between 1996 – 1999 he worked at  Yüzüncü Yıl University as faculty member and as an expert at Forensic Institution. He got retired on his own will. He took the representation of  "Memory Center of America" in Turkey in 1998.

He has been the chairman of the board of NPİSTANBUL, the first neuropsychiatry hospital of Turkey, and also the founding rector of Üsküdar University.

He has more than a hundred publications 31 of which are international. He speaks English and German. He is married and has two children.

References

Living people
1952 births
Neuroscientists
Turkish writers
Psychiatrists
Romantic orientation

Romantic orientation, also called affectional orientation, indicates the sex or gender that a person is most likely to have a romantic relationship with. It is compared to the term sexual orientation. Romantic orientation is based on the idea that sexual attraction is one component of a larger picture. For example, although a pansexual person may feel sexually attracted to multiple genders, they may be predisposed to romantic intimacy with females. For asexual people, romantic orientation is often considered a more useful measure of attraction than sexual orientation.

References 

Human sexuality
LGBT
Carbon sequestration

Carbon sequestration is the process of capturing carbon dioxide (CO2) gas in the atmosphere.  One method of sequestration is by capturing CO2 produced by power plants and factories before they release it into the atmosphere.  When the CO2 gas is in long-term storage, that means it has been sequestered. 

Carbon sequestration aims to assist in elimination of human introduced carbon from Earth's atmosphere by disrupting the carbon cycle. It is also used to prevent future human caused climate change.

Methods 
There are two long-term ways to remove CO2 from the atmosphere:
 Terrestrial Sequestration- plants and trees store CO2 in their bodies and in their roots. 
 geologic sequestration- bury the CO2 thousands of feet underground.

References 

Environmental issues
Atmosphere
Arsenal Stadium

Arsenal Stadium was a football stadium. It was commonly known as Highbury Stadium, or simply Highbury. It was the home stadium of Arsenal Football Club from 1913 until 2006.

References

Other websites

 Highbury Square Official website of the redevelopment project

Arsenal F.C.
St Denys' Church, Sleaford

St Denys' Church, Sleaford is a medieval church located in Sleaford, Lincolnshire, England. The oldest parts of the present building are the tower and spire. The spire stands 144 feet (44 metres) tall. A window tracery is dated to about the late 13th century. The Gothic nave, aisles and north transept were built in the 14th century. The church is a Grade I listed building, a term given to "buildings of exceptional interest".

References 

Churches in England
Gothic architecture
Lincolnshire
Palestine sunbird

The Palestine sunbird (Cinnyris osea) is a bird native to the Middle East and Africa.

Passeriformes
Birds of Africa
Birds of Asia
Thrush nightingale

The thrush nightingale (Luscinia luscinia) is a bird from Europe and Asia. It used to be considered a thrush, but is now considered to be an Old World flycatcher.

References

Passeriformes
Birds of Europe
Birds of Asia
Currawong

The currawong is a type of bird from Australasia. They form the genus Strepera, which belongs to the Artamidae family of birds. There are three species of currawong.

Related pages 
 Magpie
 Raven

Passeriformes
Birds of Australia
Karpathos

Karpathos is a Greek island in the Aegean Sea. It is one of the Greek Dodecanese islands, in the southeastern Aegean. Together with the neighboring smaller Saria Island it forms the municipality of Karpathos. This in turn is part of the Karpathos regional unit. Because of its remote location, Karpathos has preserved many peculiarities of clothing, customs and dialect. The dialect is very similar to that of Crete and Cyprus. The island has also been called  Carpathus in Latin, Scarpanto in Italian and Kerpe in Turkish.

References 

Islands of Greece
Syros

Syros is a Greek island. It is in the Aegean Sea. Sometimes the name of the island is spelled Siros or Syra.

Syros is located  south-east of Athens. Ermoupoli is the capital of the island.

Islands of Greece
2015 Tunis bombing

On 24 November 2015, a bus carrying Tunisian presidential guards exploded, killing 12, on a principal road in Tunis. After the attack, President Beji Caid Essebsi issued a state of emergency in Tunisia. ISIL claimed responsibility for the attack. The bomber, who killed himself in the attack, was identified as Houssem Abdelli.

References

2010s explosions in Africa
21st century in Tunisia
Attacks on buses

Explosions in 2015 
Islamic State
Islamic terrorist incidents in Africa
Islamic terrorist incidents in 2015
Mass murder in 2015
Mass murder in Africa
November 2015 events
Suicide bombings in Africa
Suicide bombings in the 2010s
Terrorist incidents in Africa in the 2010s
2015 bombing
Tedim language

Tedim language is a language of India and Burma. It is a Kukish language.

References

Sino-Tibetan languages
Yoka Berretty

Yoka Berretty (8 May 1928 – 28 November 2015) was a Dutch actress. Berretty was born in Rotterdam, Netherlands. She appeared in 35 movie and television shows between 1954 and 2000. She was known for her roles in Makkers Staakt uw Wild Geraas (1960), The Silent Raid (1962), Charlotte (1981), and in Punk Lawyer (1996)

Berretty died in Amsterdam after having fallen down the stairs of her home a week earlier.

References

Other websites

1928 births
2015 deaths
Cardiovascular disease deaths in the Netherlands
Deaths from stroke
Dutch movie actors
Dutch television actors
People from Rotterdam
LGBT rights in Mali

Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) persons in  Mali may face legal challenges not experienced by non-LGBT residents. According to the 2007 Pew Global Attitudes Project, 98% of Malian adults do not believe that homosexuality is acceptable by society. This was one of the highest rate of non-acceptance in the 45 countries surveyed. Same-sex sexual activity is not a crime in Mali. But according to a 2013 report on Human Rights in Mali "the law prohibits association 'for an immoral purpose'". About 90% of Mali's population is Muslim.

Mali has long been attacked by Islamic rebels and militants. This has put gays at risk. In 2013 Islamist extremists took over the northern part of Mali. France sent 3,500 troops to help Mali. The extremists took over the town of Gao and enforced strict Sharia law. This religious law of Islam punishes  gay men by execution. French troops were able to rescue two Malian men who were about to be executed for homosexuality.

Summary table

References

Mali
Mali
Jari Kurri

Jari Kurri (born 18 May 1960 Helsinki, Finland) is a retired five-time Stanley Cup champion in NHL hockey.

Kurri started his ice hockey career in the junior team of Jokerit. Already in age of 17, he played in Jokerit team adults. He also played for Finnish Junior National Team in 1978, 1979, and 1980. He played on the Olympic Finland team in 1980.

In 1980 he was invited to play for Edmonton Oilers in Canada. There he played with Wayne Gretzky for 8 seasons until Gretzky moved to Los Angeles. They became famous. Oilers won Stanley Cup 1984, 1985, 1987, 1988, and 1990. Later Kurri played for Los Angeles Kings, New York Rangers, Mighty Ducks of Anaheim and Colorado Avalanche.

During his career Kurri made 600 goals in NHL.

Because Kurri was most years continuing his NHL term in North America in Stanley Cup playoffs, he could not play for Finland National tesm very often. However he was in Olympic Games in Nagano 1998, and got a bronze medal.

References

Other websites

1960 births
Finnish ice hockey players
Lady Byng Memorial Trophy winners
Sportspeople from Helsinki
Living people
Boris II of Bulgaria

Boris II of Bulgaria was an emperor (Tsar) of Bulgaria. He was emperor from 969 to 971. His father was Peter I of Bulgaria. When Peter died in 969, his son Boris was being held in Constantinople by the Byzantine Emperor Nicephorus II. The Byzantines apparently allowed Boris to return to Bulgaria. When he arrived he was immediately proclaimed Tzar Boris II. Sviatoslav I of Kiev, who had earlier subdued parts of Bulgaria, returned in August 969 and subdued the remaining parts of Bulgaria. He allied himself to Boris II in order to get his Bulgarian soldiers to fight against the Byzantines. The new Byzantine Emperor, John I Tzimisces invaded Bulgaria. By the end of 971 all of Bulgaria was in Byzantine hands. By that time Boris II had abdicated.

References 

Emperors and empresses
Bulgarian people
10th-century births
977 deaths
Year of birth unknown
Year of death unknown
Olaf I of Norway

Olaf I Tryggvason (–1000) was the King of Norway from 995 - 1000. He began his career as a Viking in exile. He was a brutal king who forced Christianity on his people.

Biography 
Olaf was the son of king Tryggve Olafsson of Norway and grandson of Harald Fairhair, the first king of all Norway. According to tradition, Gunhild, wife of Eric Bloodaxe, wanted him killed. Instead he and his mother were sold as slaves. When they were freed, he ended up in Russia where he grew up. He commanded the mercenary troops  of Vladimir the Great in Kiev. In 985 he led his Vikings through the Baltic Sea in a raid on the British Isles. He won the Battle of Maldon in 991. He and Sweyn Forkbeard, the two leaders, received a payment from the English of  of money (in gold and silver). According to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, he accepted the Christian faith just after a failed attack on London in 994. Rich, newly converted and with many followers, he decided to return to Norway to spread Christianity.

In the autumn of 995 he arrived in Norway. He was accepted as King and began the process of converting the people to the new Christian faith. Olaf did this by force. He looted and burned pagan temples. He forced entire communities to become Christian or die. However, many of his pagan subjects chose death over giving up their beliefs. Finally, in the year 1000, his enemies joined forces, attacked and killed him at a place named "Svolder".

References 

960s births
1000s deaths
Converts to Christianity
History of Norway
Kings and Queens of Norway
Greg Fisk

Stephen Gregory "Greg" Fisk (September 26, 1945 – November 30, 2015) was an American politician. He was the 13th mayor of Juneau, Alaska, the state capital of Alaska. Before being elected, Fisk had worked as a fisheries consultant. He was elected over incumbent Merrill Sanford by a wide margin in October 2015.

Fisk died at his home in Juneau on November 30, 2015 from complications of a fall, aged 70.

References

1945 births
2015 deaths
Accidental deaths from falls in the United States
American mayors
People from Juneau, Alaska
Politicians from Alaska
Kaye Revil

Jo Kristine "Kaye" Celera-Revil (born April 6, 1982) is a Filipino politician. She is the current Vice Governor of Masbate Province in the Philippines. Prior to that, she was elected as a board member of the Second district of Masbate in the 2013 elections. She was the regional chairperson of Provincial Board Members' League of the Philippines. Revil is a graduate of the University of the Philippines (UP) Diliman. She received her Juris Doctor at the Ateneo de Manila University School of Law.

References 

Filipino politicians
1982 births
Living people
Congo peafowl

The Congo peafowl (Afropavo congensis), known locally as the mbulu, is a species of peafowl. It is native to the Congo Basin.  It is one of three living species of peafowl, the other two being the Indian peafowl (originally of India and Sri Lanka) and the green peafowl (native to Burma and Indochina).

The Congo peacock has physical characteristics of both the peafowl and the guineafowl, which may indicate that the Congo peacock is a link between the two families.

References 

Phasianidae
Birds of Africa
Robertlandy Simón

Robertlandy Simón Aties (born 11 June 1987) is a Cuban volleyball player. He was a member of the Cuban men's national team in 2005–2010. He is a member of the South Korean club OK Savings Bank. He competed in the World Championship in 2010, and the South Korean Championship in 2015.

Other websites
 FIVB profile 

1987 births
Living people
Cuban volleyball players
Murilo Endres

Murilo Endres (born 3 May 1981) is a Brazilian volleyball player. He is a member of Brazilian men's national team and Brazilian club SESI São Paulo. He has won two silver medals at the Olympic Games, in Beijing 2008 and London 2012. He also competed in the World Championships in 2006 and 2010, and won a silver medal in 2014. He has also competed in the World League, South American Championship, World Cup and the Grand Champions Cup.

Other websites
 FIVB Profile

1981 births
Living people
Brazilian Olympians
Medalists at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 2012 Summer Olympics
Olympic silver medalists
Brazilian volleyball players
Clayton Stanley

Clayton Stanley (born 20 January 1978) is an American volleyball player. He is a member of the United States men's national volleyball team. He has competed in the Olympic Games (Athens 2004, Beijing 2008, London 2012). He won a gold medal in 2008.

Other websites
 FIVB Profile 
 Team USA player profile

American volleyball players
1978 births
Living people
Ivan Miljković

Ivan Miljković (; pronounced ; born September 13, 1979) is a Serbian volleyball player. He was a member of Serbia men's national volleyball team in 1998–2012. He is a member of Italian club Cucine Lube Civitanova. He competed in the Olympic Games (Sydney 2000, Athens 2004, Beijing 2008), the European Championships (2001, 2011).

Other websites
 Volleyball Star - Fivb 2003

Serbian volleyball players
1979 births
Living people