cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Planck epoch

The Planck epoch is the earliest period of time in the history of the universe, before the time passed was equal to the Planck time (tₚ) ; that is from zero to approximately 10⁻⁴³ seconds. The Planck scale is the physical scale beyond which current physical theories may not apply and cannot be used to calculate what happened. At this time scale, every physical quantities like temperature, energies etc were in the range of Planck units values. During the Planck epoch, the temperature and average energies within the universe were so high that even subatomic particles could not form and even the four fundamental forces that shape our universe were combined and formed one unified fundamental force.

Traditional Big Bang cosmology predicts a gravitational singularity before this time, but this theory relies on the theory of general relativity, which is thought to break down for this epoch due to quantum effects. Due to the extraordinarily small scale of the universe at that time, the quantum effects of gravity were the strongest and it is believed that cosmology and physics are assumed to have been dominated by the quantum effects of gravity. At this scale, the unified force is assumed to be unified with gravitation. Immeasurably hot and dense state of the Planck epoch is succeeded by the grand unification epoch, where gravitation force is separated from the unified fundamental force.

Related pages 
Big Bang

Cosmology
No Safe Spaces

No Safe Spaces is a 2019 documentary movie about political disagreements and the freedom of speech. It stars Dennis Prager and Adam Carolla.  This movie argues that conservative speakers should be allowed to speak at universities. It shows how left wing protestors in the United States and Canada have sometimes prevented this.  It criticizes safe spaces where university students might go to avoid views they disagree with.  It is now showing as a video on demand.

Ben Shapiro, Tim Allen, Van Jones, Alan Dershowitz, Ann Coulter, and Cornel West, are also in this movie. The movie shows Barack Obama saying that students should argue with people they disagree with, and not silence them.

Many people have gone to see this movie, even though many critics did not like it. Critics from the Denver Post and Los Angeles Times did not like the movie.  But reviewers from the Chicago Tribune and Variety did like it.

A small number of movie theaters began showing this movie on October 25, 2019.  Because it did well, many more theaters began showing this movie on December 6, 2019.
This movie ends with a post-credits scene.

References

Other websites

2019 movies
American documentary movies
Little Willie

Little Willie was a prototype in the development of the British Mark I tank. Constructed in the autumn of 1915 at the behest of the Landship Committee, it was the first completed tank prototype in history.

Tanks
SI derived unit

A SI derived unit is a unit of measurement that can be expressed as a combbination of one or more SI base units, or that has no dimension. There are special names for 22 of these units. One example of such a unit is the Hertz, which is defined as one per second, or s-1

Units of measurement
Brownell, Kansas

Brownell is a city in Ness County, Kansas,  United States. In 2010, 29 people lived there.

History
Brownell was a station on the Missouri Pacific Railroad. The community was named after a Mr. Brownell, a railroad official.

The first post office in Brownell was created in 1880, but the post office was called Vansburgh until 1888.

Geography
Brownell is at  (38.639630, -99.745801). According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , all land.

Weather
Brownell has hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. The Köppen Climate Classification system says that Brownell has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.

People

2010 census
The 2010 census says that there were 29 people, 16 households, and 8 families living in Brownell.

Education
Western Plains USD 106 serves Arnold, Bazine, Brownell, Ransom and Utica.

Famous people
 Chief Hogsett, Major League Baseball pitcher

References

Other websites
City
 Ness County Chamber of Commerce
 Brownell - Directory of Public Officials
Schools
 USD 106, local school district
Maps
 Brownell City Map, KDOT

Cities in Ness County, Kansas
Kechi, Kansas

Kechi  is a city in Sedgwick County, Kansas, United States. It is a suburb of Wichita. In 2010, 1,909 people lived there.

History

Kechi was named after the Kichai people.

In 1887, the Chicago, Kansas and Nebraska Railway built a railroad north-south from Herington through Kechi to Caldwell. It closed in 1891. The Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railway then owned it, but it closed in 1980. It reorganized as Oklahoma, Kansas and Texas Railroad. It merged in 1988 with Missouri Pacific Railroad. It merged again in 1997 with Union Pacific Railroad. Most people still call this railroad the "Rock Island".

The first post office in Kechi was created in 1888.

Geography
Kechi is at  (37.795228, -97.278660). The United States Census Bureau says that the city has a total area of >. Of that,  is land and  is water.

People

Kechi is part of the Wichita, KS Metropolitan Statistical Area.

2010 census
The 2010 census says that there were 1,909 people, 701 households, and 566 families living in Kechi.

References

Other websites

City
 City of Kechi
 Kechi - Directory of Public Officials
Schools
 USD 259, local school district
 USD 262, local school district
Maps
 Kechi City Map, KDOT

Cities in Sedgwick County, Kansas
Kismet, Kansas

Kismet is a city in Seward County, Kansas, United States. In 2010, 459 people lived there.

History
The first post office in Kismet was created in November 1888.

Geography
Kismet is at  (37.205043, -100.701081). The United States Census Bureau says that the city has a total area of . All of it is land.

People

2010 census
The 2010 census says that there were 459 people, 145 households, and 115 families living in Kismet.

Education
Kismet is a part of USD 483 Southwestern Heights. The district high school, Southwestern Heights, is between Kismet and Plains. The Southwestern Heights High School mascot is Southwestern Heights Mustangs.

Kismet High School was closed because of school unification. The Kismet High School mascot was Kismet Pirates.

References

Other websites
City
 City of Kismet 
 Kismet - Directory of Public Officials
 Kismet history
Schools
 USD 483, local school district
Maps
 Kismet City Map, KDOT

Cities in Kansas
Seward County, Kansas
Kanorado, Kansas

Kanorado is a city in Sherman County, Kansas, United States.  The name is a portmanteau of Kansas and Colorado. In 2010, 153 people lived there.

History
The first post office in Kanorado was created in 1889, but the post office was called Lamborn until 1903.

Geography

Kanorado is at  (39.3330542, -102.0379596).  It is Exit 1 off of Interstate 70 in Kansas. On February 10, 2016 the Kansas House of Representatives passed a Resolution (Res.#6033) designating the City of Kanorado as the "Top City" of Kansas. This is because it is the highest city in Kansas. Its elevation is 3,907' (the state high point is 4,039-foot Mount Sunflower). The United States Census Bureau says that the city has a total area of . All of it is land. Kanorado is located in Sherman County.

In 1873, the book Cutler's History of the State of Kansas said the county was "very flat and had almost no trees. Beaver Creek, Little Beaver and both forks of the Sappa River, rise in this county, and the North Fork of the Smoky Hill, passes from Colorado into the south part of the county, and out of it into Wallace."   In the main, farming is by irrigation.

People

2010 census
The 2010 census says that there were 153 people, 73 households, and 44 families living in Kanorado.

Education
Kanorado is a part of USD 352 Goodland.

Kanorado schools were closed because of school unification. The Kanorado High School mascot was Kanorado Bears.

References

Other websites

City
 Kanorado - Directory of Public Officials
Schools
 USD 352, local school district
Photos
 Photos of Kanorado
Maps
 Kanorado City Map, KDOT

Cities in Kansas
Kirwin, Kansas

Kirwin is a city in Phillips County, Kansas, United States. In 2010, 171 people lived there.

History
Kirwin was created in 1869. It was named after Col. John Kirwin, who led a stockade at the town place. Kirwin was incorporated as a city in 1880.

Kirwin was on the Missouri Pacific Railroad.

Geography
Kirwin is at  (39.672052, −99.121931). The United States Census Bureau says that the city has a total area of . Of that,  is land and  is water.

People

2010 census
The 2010 census says that there were 171 people, 87 households, and 42 families living in Kirwin.

Education
Kirwin is a part of USD 110 Thunder Ridge schools in Kensington. The Thunder Ridge High School mascot is Thunder Ridge Longhorns.

Kirwin schools were closed because of school unification. The Kirwin High School mascot was Kirwin Wildcats.

References

Other websites

City
 City of Kirwin
 Kirwin - Directory of Public Officials
 Phillips County Kansas
Schools
 USD 110, local school district
Maps
 Kirwin City Map, KDOT

Cities in Phillips County, Kansas
1869 establishments in Kansas
Kincaid, Kansas

Kincaid is a city in Anderson County, Kansas, United States. In 2010, 122 people lived there.

History
Kincaid was created in 1885. It was named after Robert Kincaid, of Mound City.

Geography
Kincaid is at  (38.083502, -95.153612). The United States Census Bureau says that the city has a total area of . All of it is land.

People

2010 census
The 2010 census says that there were 122 people, 56 households, and 30 families living in Kincaid.

Government
The Kincaid has a mayor and five council members.  The council meets the 2nd Monday of each month at 7PM.
 City Hall, 500 5th Ave.

Education
Kincaid is part of Unified School District 479.

References

More reading
 The History Of Anderson County, Kansas, From Its First Settlement To The Fourth Of July, 1876; W.A. Johnson; Kauffman & Iler; 1877.
 Plat Book Of Anderson County, Kansas, Compiled From County Records And Actual Survey; Northwest Publishing Co; 1901.
 Kansas: A Cyclopedia Of State History, Embracing Events, Institutions, Industries, Counties, Cities, Towns, Prominent Persons, Etc; Frank W. Blackmar; Standard Publishing Co; 1912.
 History Of The State of Kansas; William G. Cutler; A.T. Andreas Publisher; 1883.

Other websites

City
 Kincaid - Directory of Public Officials
Schools
 USD 479, school district for Colony, Kincaid
Historical
 Numerous Anderson County documents and photos
Maps
 Kincaid City Map, KDOT

References

Cities in Anderson County, Kansas
1885 establishments in Kansas
Kensington, Kansas

Kensington is a city in Smith County, Kansas, United States. In 2010, 473 people lived there.

History
Kensington was created in 1887. It was incorporated as a city in 1900.

Kensington was on the Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad.

The first post office in Kensington was created in January 1888.

Geography
Kensington is at  (39.766110, -99.032308). The United States Census Bureau says that the city has a total area of . All of it is land.

People

2010 census
The 2010 census says that there were 473 people, 203 households, and 126 families living in Kensington.

Government
The Kensington government consists of a mayor and five council members.  The council meets the 2nd Monday of each month at 5:30PM.
 City Hall, 101 S Main.

Education
Kensington is a part of USD 110 Thunder Ridge Schools. The Thunder Ridge High School mascot is the Thunder Ridge Longhorns.

Before school unification, the Kensington High School mascot was Kensington Goldbugs.

References

Other websites

City
 Kensington - Directory of Public Officials
Schools
 USD 110, local school district
Maps
 Kensington City Map, KDOT

Cities in Smith County, Kansas
1887 establishments in Kansas
Kiowa, Kansas

Kiowa is a city in Barber County, Kansas, United States.  In 2010, 1,026 people lived there.

History

19th century
Kiowa was created in 1872. It was named after the Kiowa people.

20th century
On June 7, 1900, anti-saloon advocate Carrie Nation vandalized her first saloon in Kiowa.

In 1905, the Denver, Enid and Gulf Railroad was built from Enid, Oklahoma to Kiowa.  In 1907, it was sold to the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway.  In 1996, the railroad from Kiowa to Blanton, Oklahoma was abandoned.

Geography
Kiowa is at  (37.017520, -98.484721). Rhe United States Census Bureau says that the city has a total area of . All of it is land.

People

2010 census
The 2010 census says that there were 1,026 people, 466 households, and 273 families living in Kiowa.

Education
Kiowa is a part of USD 255 South Barber.

The Kiowa Chieftains won the Kansas State High School class B Track & Field championship in 1940.

Media
The Kiowa News is the local newspaper. It is published once per week.

Famous people
 Marcellus Boss, the 5th Civilian Governor of Guam; former Kiowa city attorney.
 Charles E. Brown, Jr., Chief of Chaplains of the U.S. Army.
 Bill Tidwell, Four-time NAIA middle distance champion at Kansas State Teachers College (ESU), later coached Oberlin University and Emporia State University where he was Athletic Director (1971-1979).

References

Other websites
City
 City website 
Schools
 USD 255, local school district
Historical
 Kiowa, Barber County, Kansas Barber County, Kansas: History and Genealogy
Maps
 Kiowa City Map, KDOT

Cities in Barber County, Kansas
1872 establishments in Kansas
Sun City, Kansas

Sun City is a city in Barber County, Kansas, United States, along the Medicine Lodge River. As of the 2010 census, 53 people lived there.

History 
Sun City was founded in 1872. The first post office in Sun City was founded in August 1873.

Geography 
Sun City is at  (37.379041, -98.917485).

According to the United States Census Bureau says that the city has a total area of . All of it is land.

Climate 
Sun City has hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system says that Sun City has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.

People

2010 census 
As of the 2010 census says that there were 53 people, 23 households, and 16 families living in the city.

References

Other websites 
City
 Sun City - Directory of Public Officials
Schools
 USD 254, local school district
Historical
 Sun City History from Barber County, Kansas: History and Genealogy.
 "Work Of The Storm Fiend: Sun City Swept by a Cyclone." "Medicine Lodge Cresset", April 26, 1883.
 "Shooting Affray At Sun City" "The Medicine Lodge Cresset", November 19, 1880.
Maps
 Sun City Map, KDOT

Cities in Barber County, Kansas
1872 establishments in Kansas
Caldwell, Kansas

Caldwell is a city in Sumner County, Kansas, United States. In 2010, 1,068 people lived there.

History

Near Caldwell is a precontact Plains Village period settlement called the Buresh site. It has clues about Native American ways of life European and African Americans came.

Caldwell was created in 1871. It is named after Senator Alexander Caldwell. Caldwell was incorporated as a city in 1879.  The first post office in Caldwell was created in May 1871.  The Chisholm Trail went along the east side of Caldwell from 1867 to 1871.

In 1887, the Chicago, Kansas and Nebraska Railway built a railroad north-south from Herington to Caldwell. This branch line connected Herington, Lost Springs, Lincolnville, Antelope, Marion, Aulne, Peabody, Elbing, Whitewater, Furley, Kechi, Wichita, Peck, Corbin, Wellington, Caldwell. This branch line was made longer to reach Pond Creek, Oklahoma in 1888, and connected Caldwell, Renfrow, Medford, Jefferson (the original Pond Creek).  By 1893, it was incrementally built to Fort Worth, Texas. This railroad closed in 1891. It was taken over by Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railway. That closed in 1980. It reorganized as Oklahoma, Kansas and Texas Railroad. Then it merged in 1988 with Missouri Pacific Railroad. It merged again in 1997 with Union Pacific Railroad. Most locals still call this railroad the "Rock Island.

Geography
Caldwell is at  (37.034077, -97.609022). The United States Census Bureau says that the city has a total area of . All of it is land.

Weather
Caldwell has hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. The Köppen Climate Classification system says that Caldwell has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.

People

2010 census
The 2010 census of 2010, there were 1,068 people, 495 households, and 277 families residing in the city.

Infrastructure
The Caldwell Municipal Airport is a city-owned public-use airport. It is one nautical mile (1.15 mi, 1.85 km) east of Caldwell's central business district.

Famous people
 Gladys Anderson Emerson, scientist, educator, and historian
 Byron Berline, famous fiddle player
 The Dinning Sisters, singers and recording artists
 Max Showalter, film, television actor, musician

References

Other websites
City
 City of Caldwell
 Caldwell - Directory of Public Officials
 Caldwell Chamber of Commerce
Schools 
 USD 360, local school district
Maps
 Caldwell City Map, KDOT

Cities in Sumner County, Kansas
1871 establishments in Kansas
Cherokee, Kansas

Cherokee is a city in Crawford County, Kansas, United States. In 2010, 714 people lived there.

History
Cherokee was created in 1870. This was when the a railroad was built through the area. It was named after Cherokee County, where it was incorrectly thought to be located.

The first post office in Cherokee was created in August 1870.

Geography
The United States Census Bureau says that the city has a total area of . All of it is land.

People

2010 census
The 2010 census says that there were 714 people, 289 households, and 187 families living in Cherokee.

Government
The Cherokee government consists of a mayor and five council members.  The council meets the 2nd Thursday of each month at 6:30PM.

Education
Cherokee is a part of USD 247 Southeast. The Southeast High School mascot is Lancers.

Crawford County Community High School in Cherokee was closed because school unification.

Famous people
 Page Cavanaugh, jazz and pop musician, was born in Cherokee.
 W. Darrell Overdyke, American historian, was born in Cherokee and was a long-time professor at Centenary College of Louisiana.
 Samuel S. Triplett, Spanish–American War Medal of Honor recipient.

References

Other websites
City
 Cherokee - Directory of Public Officials
Schools
 USD 247, local school district
Maps
 Cherokee City Map, KDOT

Cities in Crawford County, Kansas
1870 establishments in Kansas
Jackie Moore (singer)

Jackie Moore (1946 – November 8, 2019) was an American R&B singer. She was best known for her gold single 1970 song "Precious, Precious," which reached No. 30 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart. She was also known for her 1979 disco hit "This Time Baby".

References

American soul singers
American R&B singers
Singers from Jacksonville, Florida
1946 births
2019 deaths
Herb Dickenson

John Herbert Dickenson (June 11, 1931 – November 12, 2019) was a Canadian ice hockey left winger. He played in the NHL for the New York Rangers.

Dickenson died on November 12, 2019 in Brantford, Ontario at the age of 88.

References

1931 births
2019 deaths
Canadian ice hockey left wingers
Ice hockey people from Ontario
New York Rangers players
Purita Campos

Purificación "Purita" Campos Sánchez (August 18, 1937 – November 19, 2019) was a Spanish cartoonist, illustrator and painter. She was born in Barcelona. She worked for the Bruguera publishing house with the character of Lily. 

Campos began working in 1971 for English magazines. Beginning in 1970, her long-running comics, including  (Esther y su mundo in Spanish) and in 1974 she was the creator of Tina's character in Princess Tina magazine.

Campos died in Madrid on November 19, 2019 at the age of 82.

References

Other websites
 

1937 births
2019 deaths
Spanish writers
Cartoonists
Illustrators
People from Barcelona
Fred Cox

Fred William Cox (December 11, 1938 – November 20, 2019) was an American kicker for the Minnesota Vikings. He played college football at Pitt. He was also the inventor of the Nerf football.

Cox died on November 20, 2019 in Monticello, Minnesota of kidney disease at the age of 80.

References

1938 births
2019 deaths
Deaths from kidney disease
Sportspeople from Pennsylvania
American football placekickers
American inventors
Minnesota Vikings players
John Martin (American racing driver)

John Martin (March 30, 1939 – November 20, 2019) was an American racing driver in the USAC and CART Championship Car series. He raced in the 1970-1977 and 1979-1980 seasons, with 52 career starts, including the 1972-1976 Indianapolis 500 races.  

He finished in the top ten 17 times, with his best finish in 5th position at Ontario Motor Speedway in both 1973 and 1975. His best points result was 11th in the 1975 USAC National Championship.

Martin was born in Long Beach, California. He died on November 20, 2019 at the age of 80.

References

1939 births
2019 deaths
American racecar drivers
Sportspeople from California
People from Long Beach, California
Michael Bloomberg 2020 presidential campaign

The Michael Bloomberg 2020 presidential campaign was a presidential campaign of former Mayor of New York City Michael Bloomberg for the 2020 presidential election. It was suspended in 4 March 2020. It was filed a statement of candidacy with the Federal Election Commission for the office of President of the United States as a member of the Democratic Party on November 21, 2019. His principal campaign committee was called "Mike Bloomberg 2020, Inc." The campaign officially launched on November 24, 2019.

On March 5, 2019, Bloomberg announced that he would not run for president in 2020. As late as October 14, 2019, a day before the Democratic Party's fourth presidential debate, it was reported that Bloomberg was “still looking at” a bid due to the fall of Joe Biden's polling numbers.

On November 7, 2019, Bloomberg announced that he was taking steps to enter the 2020 United States presidential election, and on November 8 he officially filed for the Alabama Democratic presidential primary.

Bloomberg said that he would skip the early primary states in Iowa, New Hampshire, Nevada and South Carolina and focus on primaries on and after Super Tuesday. Bloomberg's total spending in the primary passed $500 million, making it the most money spent on a presidential primary campaign in American history.

On Super Tuesday, Bloomberg won the American Samoa caucus which brought his first and only victory in his campaign. He ended his campaign the next day on March 4, 2020 and announced his support of Joe Biden.

References

Bloomberg
Michael Bloomberg
Poison ivy

Poison ivy (Toxicodendron radicans) is a vine.  It is well-known for causing a rash. The rash is urushiol-induced contact dermatitis. This is itchy, irritating, and sometimes painful. This is an example of a defence against herbivores.

The vine's leaves come in threes, with a shiny appearance caused by the oil on the leaves. It is a common weed in the eastern North America and parts of China.

Anacardiaceae
Wataru Misaka

Wataru "Wat" Misaka (December 21, 1923 – November 20, 2019) was an American professional basketball player. He was the first non-white player and the first player of Asian descent to play in the National Basketball Association (NBA).

Misaka played college basketball for the Utah Utes. He played three games for the New York Knicks in 1947. He was born in Ogden, Utah.

Misaka died at the age of 95 on November 20, 2019 in Salt Lake City.

References

1923 births
2019 deaths
New York Yankees players
People from Ogden, Utah
Sportspeople from Salt Lake City, Utah
Yaşar Büyükanıt

General Mehmet Yaşar Büyükanıt (1 September 1940 – 21 November 2019) was a Turkish military official. He was the 25th Chief of the Turkish General Staff of the Turkish Armed Forces, from 28 August 2006 to 28 August 2008.

Büyükanıt died on 21 November 2019 at a hospital in Istanbul of heart and respiratory failure at the age of 79.

References

1940 births
2019 deaths
Deaths from heart failure
Deaths from respiratory failure
Turkish politicians
Turkish military people
People from Istanbul
Harley D. Nygren

Rear Admiral Harley Dean Nygren (December 12, 1924 – November 17, 2019) was an American military officer and photographer. He was in the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey Corps and in the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Commissioned Officer Corps (NOAA Corps). He was the first Director of the NOAA Corps from 1970 through 1981.

Nygren was born in Seattle, Washington. He died on November 17, 2019 at the age of 94.

References

1924 births
2019 deaths
American photographers
American military personnel of World War II
People from Seattle, Washington
Bengt-Erik Grahn

Bengt-Erik Grahn (30 April 1941 – 21 November 2019) was a Swedish alpine skier. He competed in the slalom and giant slalom at the 1964 and 1968 Winter Olympics. His best result was a 31st place in the downhill event in 1964 (February 2, 1964). He was born in Dikanäs, Vilhelmina, Sweden.

Grahn died on 21 November 2019 at the age of 78.

References

1941 births
2019 deaths
Swedish Olympians
Skiers
Golden algae

The Chrysophyceae (golden-brown algae or golden algae) are a large group of algae found mostly in freshwater. 

Golden algae is also a common term. It refers to a  species, Prymnesium parvum, which kills fish in large numbers (causes 'fish kills').

The main type of chrysophyte cell has two specialized flagella. The active, "feathered"  flagellum points toward the moving direction. The smooth passive flagellum, points in the opposite direction.

An important characteristic used to identify members of the  Chrysophyceae is the presence of a siliceous cyst that is formed internally.

However, some members of the group are amoeboid (move like amoeba), and some are sessile. Unfortunately, every expert who has studied this group has come up with a different classification. It seems that their ancestor did not do photosynthesis, but later on groups separately evolved their own methods of using sunlight.

References 

Algae
Arcadia, Kansas

Arcadia is a city in Crawford County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2010 census, 310 people lived there.

History 
Arcadia was founded in 1862. It was named for the ancient region of Arcadia, in Greece.

The first post office in Arcadia was founded in June 1867.

Arcadia was a station on the St. Louis–San Francisco Railway.

Geography 
Arcadia is at  (37.641217, -94.623352).

According to the United States Census Bureau says that the city has a total area of . All of it is land.

People

2010 census 
As of the 2010 census says that there were 310 people, 136 households, and 79 families living in the city.

References

Other websites 
City
 Arcadia - Directory of Public Officials
Schools
 USD 246, local school district
Maps
 Arcadia City Map, KDOT

1862 establishments in Kansas
Cities in Crawford County, Kansas
Burden, Kansas

Burden is a city in Cowley County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2010 census, 535 people lived there.

References

Other websites 
 Burden - Directory of Public Officials
 Burden City Map, KDOT

Cities in Cowley County, Kansas
Palmer, Kansas

Palmer is a city in Washington County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2010 census, 111 people lived there.

History 
Palmer was founded in 1878. It was named for J. Palmer, a teacher.

The first post office in Palmer was founded in June 1878.

Geography 
Palmer is at  (39.632737, -97.140028).

According to the United States Census Bureau says that the city has a total area of . All of it is land.

Climate 
Palmer has warm to hot (and often humid) summers and cold (sometimes severely cold) winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification says that Palmer has a humid continental climate, abbreviated "Dfa" on climate maps.

People

2010 census 
As of the 2010 census says that there were 111 people, 50 households, and 34 families living in the city.

References

Other websites 
City
 Palmer - Directory of Public Officials
Schools
 USD 223, local school district
Maps
 Palmer City Map, KDOT

Cities in Washington County, Kansas
1878 establishments in Kansas
Colony, Kansas

Colony is a city in Anderson County, Kansas, United States. In 2010, 408 people lived there.

History
Colony was created in 1872. This was when a railroad was built through the area. It was named after a colony from Ohio and Indiana, which settled in the neighborhood.

The railroad tracks in Colony have since been changed to a rail trail. The trail is part of the Prairie Spirit Trail State Park.

Geography
Colony is at  (38.070803, -95.366109). The United States Census Bureau says that the city has a total area of . All of it is land.

Weather
Colony has hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. The Köppen Climate Classification system says that Colony has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.

People

2010 census
The 2010 census says that there were 408 people, 177 households, and 112 families living in Colony.

Education
Colony is part of USD 479 Crest.

Famous people
 Dean Brooks, psychiatrist and actor

References

Other websites

City
 Colony - Directory of Public Officials
School
 USD 479, school district for Colony, Kincaid
Historical
 Colony History , Anderson County Historical Society
 Numerous Anderson County documents and photos
Maps
 Colony City Map, KDOT

Cities in Anderson County, Kansas
1872 establishments in Kansas
Villars-sous-Yens

Villars-sous-Yens is a municipality in Morges in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.

Municipalities of Vaud
Cambridge, Kansas

Cambridge is a city in Cowley County, Kansas, United States. In 2010, 82 people lived there.

History
When the Kansas City, Lawrence & Southern Railroad was built a mile south of Lazette, a new place was created by Benjamin H. Clover on May 3, 1880. Cambridge was named after Cambridge University, in England.   The first post office in Cambridge was created on January 30, 1880.

On December 15, 1880 the Atchison Topeka & Santa Fe Railway got nearly all the stock of the Kansas City, Lawrence & Southern Railroad. They operated the railroad as the Southern Kansas Railroad. Cambridge was a station and shipping point on the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway.

Cambridge Public Emergency Radio Tower is one of two former emergency transmission facilities built during the Cold War.

Geography
Cambridge is at  (37.317323, -96.667085). The United States Census Bureau says that the city has a total area of . All of it is land. Cambridge is on US Route 160 at State Highway 7.  Cambridge is 45 miles southeast of Wichita.

Weather
Cambridge has hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. The Köppen Climate Classification system says that Cambridge has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.

People

2010 census
The 2010 census says that there were 82 people, 39 households, and 28 families living in Cambridge.

Education
Cambridge is a part of USD 462 Central of Burden. The Burden High School mascot is Burden Raiders.

References

Other websites

City
 Cambridge - Directory of Public Officials
Schools
 USD 462, local school district
Maps
 Cambridge City Map, KDOT

Cities in Cowley County, Kansas
Cherryvale, Kansas

Cherryvale is a city in Montgomery County, Kansas, United States. In 2010, 2,367 people lived there.

History
Cherryvale was created on the land of the Osage Indians. The Osage had to leave because veterans of the American Civil War were looking for land. The first white man to buy land and settle in Cherryvale was Mr. Abe Eaton. He later sold his land to the Kansas City, Lawrence & Southern Kansas Railroad. That railroad became the Leavenworth, Lawrence & Galveston Railway. It then became the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway, which used the line for much of the 20th century. The town site was platted by the railroad in 1871. It was named Cherryvale because of its place in the valley of Cherry Creek.

Between 1871 and 1873, at least eleven people disappeared in an inn and general store operated by the Bender family. It was about eight miles () northeast of Cherryvale. After the Benders disappeared in 1873, it was found that they had killed many travelers.  Between eight and eleven bodies were found buried in the area.  Governor Thomas A. Osborn offered a reward of $2,000 for anyone who could find and catch the Benders, but they were never found.

The main part of the town was destroyed by fire in 1873, but was soon rebuilt. In 1880, Cherryvale became was incorporated. Natural gas was found here in 1889. Oil was found several years later.

Geography
Cherryvale is at  (37.268010, -95.550778). The United States Census Bureau says that the city has a total area of . Of that,  is land and  is water. Is self-described as the "Gateway to Big Hill Lake."

Climate
Cherryvale has hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. The Köppen Climate Classification system says that Cherryvale has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.

People

2010 census
The 2010 census says that there were 2,367 people, 930 households, and 615 families living in Cherryvale.

Famous people

 Sam Avey, wrestling promoter
 Frank Bellamy (1876–1915), contested author of the Pledge of Allegiance
 Louise Brooks, dancer, silent film star, and author
 Claude Wendell Horton, Sr., geophysicist, acoustic researcher
 Billy Sandow, manager for World Champion Ed "Strangler" Lewis
 Vivian Vance, actress who played Ethel Mertz on I Love Lucy

References

Other websites

City
 City of Cherryvale
 Cherryvale - Directory of Public Officials
Schools
 USD 447, local school district
Historical
 Cherryvale Museum
 Cherryvale History
 Historic Images of Cherryvale, Special Photo Collections at Wichita State University Library
Maps
 Cherryvale City Map, KDOT

Cities in Montgomery County, Kansas
1871 establishments in Kansas
Buchillon

Buchillon is a municipality in Morges in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.

References 

Municipalities of Vaud
Hatchet (novel)

Hatchet is about a boy named Brian who is in a plane crash. The author is named Gary James. He has to survive out in the wild. There are also four more books in the complete saga, which means series, and they continue with Brian's story. 

The series is called Brian's Saga. They are:

 Hatchet
 The River
 Brian's Winter
 Brian's Return 
 Brian's Hunt

Plot 
Hatchet begins with the crash. The man flying the plane is called a pilot, and he has a heart attack. Brian tries to fly the plane, but it crashes into a lake. Brian survives, but the pilot does not. He is very tired and weak, so he rests by a tree. Mosquitoes, biting bugs who suck blood and leave itchy bumps, bite him during dawn, when the sun rises, and dusk, when the sun falls. Brian wakes up and eats some berries that make him sick, so he is careful the next day. Then he finds some sweet raspberries and meets a bear. Brian escapes without getting hurt. He keeps living in the wild for fifty-four days.

References 

Young adult novels
Linn, Kansas

Linn is a city in Washington County, Kansas, United States.  As of the 2010 census, 410 people lived there.

History 
Linn was founded in 1877. It was named after Lewis F. Linn, a U.S. Senator from Missouri.

The first post office in Linn was founded in January 1878.

Geography 
Linn is at  (39.680240, -97.085422).

According to the United States Census Bureau says that the city has a total area of . All of it is land.

People

2010 census 
As of the 2010 census says that there were 410 people, 152 households, and 97 families living in the city.

References

Other websites 
City
 Linn - Directory of Public Officials
Schools
 USD 223, local school district
Maps
 Linn City Map, KDOT

Cities in Washington County, Kansas
1877 establishments in Kansas
Warner, Oklahoma

Warner is a town in the state of Oklahoma in the United States.

Towns in Oklahoma
Haddam, Kansas

Haddam is a city in Washington County, Kansas, United States.  As of the 2010 census, 104 people lived there.

History 
Haddam was founded in 1869. It was named after Haddam, Connecticut. In 1874, the rival town of West Haddam merged with Haddam.

Geography 
Haddam is at  (39.856335, -97.302865).

According to the United States Census Bureau says that the city has a total area of . All of it is land.

People

2010 census 
As of the 2010 census says that there were 104 people, 52 households, and 29 families living in the city.

Education 
Haddam is served by USD 108 Washington County Schools. The Washington County High School mascot is Tigers.

School unification consolidated Morrowville and Haddam schools into Morrowville-Haddam schools in 1967. The high school was in Morrowville. The grade school in Haddam.

The Haddam High School mascot was Haddam Hounds.

References

Other websites 
City
 City of Haddam
 Haddam - Directory of Public Officials
Schools
 USD 108, local school district
Maps
 Haddam City Map, KDOT

1869 establishments in Kansas
Cities in Washington County, Kansas
Haddam, Connecticut

Haddam is a town in Middlesex County, Connecticut, United States. The population was 8,346 at the 2010 census. The town was also home to the now decommissioned Connecticut Yankee nuclear reactor.

References

Other websites 
 Town government website
  Central Regional Tourism District

Towns in Connecticut
Edna, Kansas

Edna is a city in Labette County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2010 census, 442 people lived there.

History 
The first store in Edna was opened in 1876. The first post office in Edna was founded in April 1878. The town of Edna was platted in the summer of 1886 when the railroad was extended to that point.

Edna was named in 1876 for a child, Edna Gragory.

Geography 
Edna is at  (37.059524, -95.358583).

According to the United States Census Bureau says that the city has a total area of . All of it is land.

Climate 
Edna has hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system says that Edna has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.

People

2010 census 
As of the 2010 census says that there were 442 people, 183 households, and 122 families living in the city.

Education 
Edna is served by USD 506 Labette County.

Edna High School was closed through school unification. The Edna High School mascot was Pirates.

References

Other websites 
City
 City of Edna - Official website
 Edna - Directory of Public Officials
Schools
 USD 506, local school district
Maps
 Edna City Map, KDOT

Cities in Labette County, Kansas
Bima

Bima (Indonesia: Kota Bima) is a city on the eastern coast of the island Sumbawa. It is  in the central Indonesian province called West Nusa Tenggara. It is the largest city on the island. The population was 142,443 at the 2010 Census. It is not part of the Regency of Bima which had a population of 407,636 at the 2010 Census.

History

From 1620 to 1958 it was the capital of the Bima Sultanate, one of the four sultanates on Sumbawa. Today, Bima is the largest regional and economic center of Eastern Sumbawa. People from other parts of Indonesia, especially Java, Bali, and Lombok came to live in the city.

People
The majority of the people in Bima are Muslims (97.38%). The rest are Protestant (0.89%), Catholic Christians (0.62%), and Hindus and Buddhists around (1.11%). The people of Bima and all of east Sumbawa speak Bima language.

Place
The city is on the eastern shore of Bima Bay. Bima is on the Sumbawa road. Sape harbor is to the east and Dompu to the southwest. Historically, Bima was a port city that connected to other port cities in Eastern Indonesia such as Makassar and Ternate, and to ports in Lombok, Bali, and East Java.  Bus services from Bima go to neighboring cities in Sumbawa and as far as Mataram in Lombok.

Airport
Sultan Muhammad Salahudin Airport (Bima Airport), is about  south of the city.

Administration

Bima has 5 districts (kecamatan):
Raba
West Rasanae
East Rasanae
Mpunda
Asakota

Tourism

Bima has several popular tourist destinations, such as Mount Tambora, Wawo traditional Village, Snake Island, Ana Fari Lake, and Satonda Island. There are many white sandy beaches in north and sout Bima. The main attractions are the Sultan Salahuddin Mosque and Sultan Salahuddin Museum. The museum used to be the Bima Sultanate palace. Bima airport serves domestic and international visitors

Sister cities
 Alor Setar, Malaysia

References

Other websites
 
 RoyalArk- Indonesia- Bima
 Bima Wordlist at the Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database
 Hägerdal, Hans (2017), Held's History of Sumbawa. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press.

Cities in Indonesia
West Nusa Tenggara
Yishun MRT station

Yishun MRT station (NS13) is an above-ground Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) station on the North South Line in Yishun, Singapore.

Yishun station used to be the terminus of the line between 1988 and 1996, until the Woodlands Extension was completed and opened on 10 February 1996. Currently, certain trains would still terminate at this station for the truncated service between Yishun station and Marina South Pier MRT station which only operates during morning peak hours on weekdays. Prior to 2 October 2019, short-working trips exist from Yishun to Marina South Pier in early evening periods and late night periods.

Yishun station is currently one of the two MRT stations that serve Yishun New Town; the other being Khatib MRT station. Together with Yishun Bus Interchange and Northpoint City, it also forms as an integrated transport hub - Yishun Integrated Transport Hub.

History
In December 2001, the Singapore embassies attack plot was discovered, and had included plans to bomb this station at several points, including the sewers near the station. This was brought up in a debate during a session of the parliament, during which new security measures were proposed, especially on the MRT system itself.

On 16 April 2003, power supply to trackside equipment between Yio Chu Kang and Sembawang stations was disrupted at 8.02 am due to a lightning strike which affected eight point machines along the track. 

On the early morning of 5 December 2006, a foreign worker in his early twenties, was hit by a train that was travelling towards Marina Bay. Train service was disrupted for more than an hour. He was later declared dead.

On 19 January 2008 at about 1530 hours, a call was made from a public telephone at the MRT station stating that there was a bomb at the station. Police arrested a 31-year old Chinese man that was believed to be linked to the crime on 23 February 2008. He was later charged for transmitting a false message that makes reference to a bomb.

At 11.45 am on 11 October 2008, a man was found on the tracks of the station and was sent to hospital. Train service was disrupted in between Sembawang and Yio Chu Kang stations, affecting 2900 people.

Related pages
Mass Rapid Transit (Singapore)

References

Other websites

 

Mass Rapid Transit (Singapore) stations
1988 establishments
Toa Payoh MRT station

Toa Payoh MRT station (NS19) is an underground Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) station on the North South Line in Toa Payoh, Singapore. Located within the town centre of Toa Payoh, this station is connected to Toa Payoh Bus Interchange and the HDB Hub.

Toa Payoh was the first MRT station in Singapore to be completed, topping out on 5 August 1985.

The station was the first underground station in the world to be fitted with platform screen doors. This station was among the first phase of MRT stations, from Toa Payoh to Yio Chu Kang, to be opened in Singapore on 7 November 1987. Today, the concourse area bears the inauguration plate of Singapore's MRT system.

References

Related pages
Mass Rapid Transit (Singapore)

Other websites

 

1987 establishments in Singapore
Mass Rapid Transit (Singapore) stations
Buru Quartet

The Buru Quartet is a series of four books written by Indonesian author Pramoedya Ananta Toer. The novels are:
 This Earth of Mankind
 Child of All Nations
 Footsteps
 House of Glass.

The books were published between 1980 and 1988. Indonesian president Suharto banned the books. The next president B.J. Habibie also banned them. In 2000, the Indonesian government stopped banning the books so people in Indonesia could read them legally.

Story
The novels tell the story of the Indonesian National Awakening Movement between 1898-1918. The main character is Minke. He is born in 1900, the son of a regent. Minke is educated by the Dutch. He is based on an early Indonesian journalist named Raden Tirto Adhi Soerjo.

References

Other websites
Buru Quartet review by the Asian Review of Books

Indonesia
Novels
Formoso, Kansas

Formoso is a city in Jewell County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2010 census, 93 people lived there.

History 
The first post office at Formoso was founded in December 1887.

Formoso was founded about 1889.

Geography 
Formoso is at  (39.779355, -97.992458).

According to the United States Census Bureau says that the city has a total area of . All of it is land.

People

2010 census 
As of the 2010 census says that there were 93 people, 48 households, and 26 families living in the city.

Education 
Formoso is a part of USD 107 Rock Hills Schools. The Rock Hills High School mascot is Rock Hills Grizzlies.

Formoso schools closed through school unification. The Formoso High School mascot was Formoso Falcons.

References

Other websites 
City
 Formoso - Directory of Public Officials
Schools
 USD 107, local school district
Maps
 Formoso City Map, KDOT

Cities in Jewell County, Kansas
Esbon, Kansas

Esbon is a city in Jewell County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2010 census, 99 people lived there.

History 
Esbon was planned out in 1873. It was incorporated as a city in 1904.

The first post office in Esbon was created in January 1874.

Esbon was a shipping point on the Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad.

Geography 
Esbon is at  (39.822656, -98.433762).

According to the United States Census Bureau says that the city has a total area of . All of it is land.

People

2010 census 
As of the 2010 census says that there were 99 people, 52 households, and 24 families living in the city.

References

Other websites 
City
 Esbon - Directory of Public Officials
Schools
 USD 107, local school district
Pictures
 Historic Images of Esbon, Wichita State University Library
Maps
 Esbon City Map, KDOT

Cities in Jewell County, Kansas
Dresden, Kansas

Dresden is a city in Decatur County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2010 census, 41 people lived there.

History 
Dresden was created in 1888. It was named by German settlers after the city of Dresden, in Germany.

The first post office in Dresden was created in October 1888.

Dresden was a station on the Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad.

Geography 
Dresden is at  (39.622221, -100.421403).

According to the United States Census Bureau says that the city has a total area of . All of it is land.

People

2010 census 
As of the 2010 census says that there were 41 people, 19 households, and 12 families living in the city.

References

Other websites 
City
 Dresden - Directory of Public Officials
Schools
 USD 294, local school district
Maps
 Dresden City Map, KDOT

1888 establishments in Kansas
Cities in Kansas
Summit, Oklahoma

Summit is a city in Oklahoma in the United States.

Cities in Oklahoma
Cuba, Missouri

Cuba is a city in Crawford County in the state of Missouri in the United States.

References 

Cities in Missouri
Widnau

Widnau is a municipality in Rheintal in the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland.

References

Other websites 

 Widnau Online Official website 

Municipalities of St. Gallen