cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Lander

Lander may refer to:

Places 
United States
 Lander County, Nevada, United States
 Lander Crossing, California, United States
 Lander, Pennsylvania, United States
 Lander, Wyoming, United States

Venezuela
 Lander, Venezuela
Atlantic City

Atlantic City may refer to:

Places
Atlantic City, New Jersey, a city in New Jersey, United States
Atlantic City, Wyoming, a census-designated place in Wyoming, United States

Entertainment
Atlantic City (1944 movie), a musical movie
Atlantic City (1980 movie), a drama movie
"Atlantic City" (song), a 1982 song by Bruce Springsteen
"Atlantic City" (How I Met Your Mother), a 2006 episode of the TV series How I Met Your Mother
Atlantic City, Wyoming

Atlantic City is a census-designated place in the U.S. state of Wyoming. 

Census-designated places in Wyoming
Freemont County, Wyoming
Lovell

Lovell may refer to:

Places 
 Lovell, Maine, United States
 Lovell, Ohio, an unincorporated community
 Lovell, Wyoming, United States
 Minster Lovell, Oxfordshire, UK

People 
 Jim Lovell, astronaut
Third Amendment to the United States Constitution

The Third Amendment (Amendment III) to the United States Constitution places restrictions on the quartering of soldiers in private homes without the owner's consent. It forbids the practice completely during peacetime. The amendment is a response to the Quartering Acts passed by the British parliament between the French and Indian War and the American Revolutionary War. They allowed the British Army to house soldiers in private homes in the American colonies.

The Third Amendment was introduced in Congress in 1789 by James Madison. It was a part of the United States Bill of Rights in response to Anti-Federalist objections to the new Constitution. Congress proposed the amendment to the states on September 28, 1789. By December 15, 1791, the necessary three-quarters of the states had ratified it. Secretary of State Thomas Jefferson announced the adoption of the amendment on March 1, 1792.

The amendment is one of the least controversial of the Constitution and is rarely litigated. The American Bar Association called it the "runt piglet" of the U.S. Constitution. There were times when the US government probably violated this amendment. These include the War of 1812, the American Civil War, and during World War II in the Aleutian Islands. But as of 2015 it has never been the primary basis of a Supreme Court decision.

References

Other websites 
 National Constitution Center: Amendment III
 CRS Annotated Constitution: Third Amendment
03
United States Bill of Rights
Boston King

Boston King from ( 1760–1802) was a former Afro-American slave and British loyalist. He was born a slave in South Carolina and was apprenticed as a carpenter.  He joined the British when they occupied Charleston, as they promised freedom to slaves. Later, he gained his freedom from the British and settled in Nova Scotia after the American Revolutionary War. He later emigrated to Sierra Leone, where he helped found Freetown. King became the first Methodist missionary in Africa. King published his autobiography in 1798. He died about 1802 in Sierra Leone.

References 

1760 births
1802 deaths
African American writers
American autobiographers
American Methodists
American revolutionaries
Carpenters
Missionaries
Sierra Leone
Writers from South Carolina
Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution

The Fourth Amendment (Amendment IV) to the United States Constitution prohibits unreasonable searches and seizures and requires any search warrant to be judicially sanctioned and supported by probable cause. It is part of the Bill of Rights. The Fourth amendment was adopted in response to the abuse of the writ of assistance, a type of general search warrant issued by the British government. It was a major source of tension in pre-Revolutionary America. The Fourth Amendment was introduced in Congress in 1789 by James Madison, along with the other amendments in the Bill of Rights. They were proposed in response to Anti-Federalist objections to the new Constitution. 

Congress sent 12 amendments to the states in August of 1789. Of these, 10 were approved by the states. The last state, Virginia ratified the amendments (including the fourth amendment) on December 15, 1791. On March 1, 1792, Secretary of State Thomas Jefferson announced the adoption of the amendment.

The Bill of Rights did initially apply to the states. Also, federal criminal investigations were less common in the first century of the nation's history. For these reasons there is little case law for the Fourth Amendment before the 20th century. The amendment was held to apply to the states in Mapp v. Ohio (1961).

Under the Fourth Amendment, search and seizure (including arrest) should be limited in scope to specific information supplied to the issuing court. This is usually by a law enforcement officer who has sworn by it. Fourth Amendment case law deals with three central questions. What government activities constitute "search" and "seizure"? What constitutes probable cause for these actions? How should violations of Fourth Amendment rights be addressed? Early court decisions limited the amendment's scope to a law enforcement officer's physical intrusion onto private property. But with Katz v. United States (1967), the Supreme Court held that its protections, such as the warrant requirement, extend to the privacy of individuals as well as physical locations. Law enforcement officers need a warrant for most search and seizure activities. But the Court has defined a series of exceptions for consent searches, motor vehicle searches, evidence in plain view, exigent circumstances, border searches, and other situations.

The exclusionary rule is one way the amendment is enforced. Established in Weeks v. United States (1914), this rule holds that evidence obtained through a Fourth Amendment violation is generally inadmissible at criminal trials. Evidence discovered as a later result of an illegal search may also be inadmissible as "fruit of the poisonous tree," unless it inevitably would have been discovered by legal means.

References 

United States Bill of Rights
04
Royalty (album)

Royalty is the seventh studio album by American recording artist Chris Brown. It was released on December 18, 2015, by RCA Records. The album serves as the follow-up to his sixth album X (2014).

The album was dedicated to the daughter of Chris Brown, Royalty Brown.

Track listing

Sample credits
"Picture Me Rollin’" contains elements of "Regulate" performed by Nate Dogg featuring Warren G, and "Funk You Up" performed by The Sequence.
"Who's Gonna (Nobody)" contains elements of "Nobody" performed by Keith Sweat featuring Athena Cage, and "My, My, My" performed by Johnny Gill.
"Proof" contains elements of "My Heart Belongs to U" performed by Jodeci.
"Discover" contains elements of "Little City Slikers" performed by Auracle.

Charts

References

2015 albums
R&B albums
Funk albums
Resisting arrest

In some countries, resisting arrest is a criminal charge against a person who has ran away from a criminal offense.

What they did
A person resisting arrest has done, depending on the jurisdiction, at least one of the following acts:

 fleeing a police officer while being arrested
 threatening a police officer with physical violence while being arrested
 physically struggling to free oneself from being restrained (handcuffed or put into the police vehicle)
 attacking a police officer while being arrested
 providing an officer with false identification (either verbally or by presentation of a false official document, i.e. a fake ID)

Background
The website Resisting Arrest stated that not all arrests are lawful and based upon probable cause.  However, an attempt at resisting arrest can lead to additional charges.

References

Other websites
Example code  from New Jersey

Law enforcement in the United States
Front-runner

In American politics, a front-runner or frontrunner is a leader/most popular in an electoral race.

A political front-runner, mainly during the U.S. presidential primary process, is the most likely to be the nominee or the one who leads in the polls. The front-runner is most often declared by the media who are following the race, and is written about in a different style than his or her challengers.

References

Politics of the United States
Sick leave

Sick leave (or paid sick days or sick pay) is time off from work that workers can use to stay home because they are sick and they do not lose pay. Paid sick leave is a requirement in many nations around the world. Most European, many Latin American, a few African and a few Asian countries have legal requirements for paid sick leave. Already in 1500 BCE, at least some of the workers who built the tombs of Egyptian pharaohs received paid sick leave as well as state-supported health care.

References

Employment
Annual leave

Annual leave is paid time off work given by employers to employees to be used for whatever the employee wishes. Depending on the employer's policies, there are different number of days off given. It is thought to be a benefit for the employees. Some employees must tell their boss a few days before they go on leave. Most countries around the world have labor laws that mandate employers give a certain number of paid time-off days per year to workers.

References

Employment
Conservatoire national des arts et métiers

The Conservatoire national des arts et métiers (; CNAM) is a graduate engineering school in Paris, France. It was created in 1794.

Its different programs lead to the following French and European degrees:
 Ingénieur CNAM (CNAM Graduate engineer Masters level program)
 Master of Science & PhD doctorate studies
 Mastères Spécialisés (MS)
 Massive Online Open Courses

Classes and research are performed mainly in French and English languages. Students from a dozen nationalities participate in the different programs at CNAM.

References

Other websites 

Official website (in French)
Official website (in English)
Official website CNAM lebanon (in French)

Technical colleges and universities in Paris
1794 establishments
1790s establishments in France
Marasmus

Marasmus is a form of malnutrition.  It happens in people (especially children) who do not get enough food.  A healthy person gets energy from eating food, especially foods with protein and fat in them.  Because a person with marasmus is not getting enough food, they do not get the energy they need to survive. This is due to deficiency of both proteins and calories. Generally, this disease when there is an immediate second pregnancy or repeated child births. Lean and weak, swelling limbs, less developed muscles, dry skin, diarrhoea, etc.., are the symptoms of this disease.

Children with marasmus look emaciated (very skinny).  This is because their bodies have burned up all of their fat and muscles to make energy.  The child's body weight will be less than 60% of a normal child his or her age.

Marasmus can be treated.  However, about half of children with bad malnutrition die because they cannot get treatment where they live.

The word “marasmus” comes from the Greek word μαρασμός marasmos (meaning "decay '')

Signs and symptoms
Most children with marasmus look shrunken and have lost most of their muscles and body fat.  Their bodies try to save as much energy as possible by shutting down the immune system, not growing, and giving less energy to the liver, kidneys, heart, and gastrointestinal system.  This can cause problems like:
 Having too much fluid in the body, because the kidneys are not working well enough to get rid of it.  This can lead toedema (fluid under the skin) and even heart failure.
 Hypothermia (low body temperature), because staying warm takes energy, and because the child has almost no fat or muscles to keep them warm
 Hypoglycemia (low blood sugar), because the child is not getting sugar or carbohydrates from foods
 Infection, because the child's body has shut down the immune system, which usually fights infection, to save energy

Other symptoms of marasmus include:
 Anemia (not having enough red blood cells in the blood)
 Dehydration, not having enough water in the body
 Shock caused by dehydration (hypovolemic shock)
 Tachypnea (breathing too fast - for example, from pneumonia or heart failure)

 Eye problems
 Skin problems
 Problems with the ears, nose, and throat (like ear infections)

Causes
Marasmus is caused by a deficiency (not having enough) of nearly all nutrients, especially protein, carbohydrates, and lipids (fats).

Treatment
Marasmus can be treated by giving emergency nutrients and fluids.  However, treating the causes of marasmus is not enough.  Often, the disease has complications (it causes other problems), like infections, dehydration, and problems with the circulatory system.  These complications are very dangerous and often kill children if they are not treated correctly.

Related pages
 Malnutrition
 Starvation
 Kwashiorkor (a similar disease caused by not having enough protein)

References

Diseases
Brindisi

Brindisi is an Italian city in Apulia. Brindisi is the capital of the Province of Brindisi. It has about 85,000 people.

Cities in Apulia
Capital cities in Italy
Zina

Zināʾ (زِنَاء) or zina (زِنًى or زِنًا) is an Islamic law concerning unlawful sexual relations between male and female who are not married to one another through a nikah.  It includes extramarital sex and premarital sex. It also includes adultery (consensual sexual relations outside marriage). Zina covers fornication (consensual sexual intercourse between two unmarried persons), and homosexuality (consensual sexual relations between same-sex partners).

In the four schools of Sunni fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence), and the two schools of Shi'a fiqh, the term zināʾ is a sin of sexual intercourse that is not allowed by Sharia (Islamic law) and classed as a hudud crime (class of Islamic punishments that are fixed for certain crimes that are considered to be "claims of God").  To prove an act of zina, a qadi (religious judge) in a sharia court relies on an unmarried woman's pregnancy, the confession in the name of Allah, or four witnesses to the actual act of penetration. The last two types of prosecutions are uncommon. Most cases of zina in the history of Islam have been pregnant unmarried women. In some schools of Islamic law, a pregnant woman accused of zina who denies sex was consensual must prove she was raped with four eyewitnesses testifying before the court.  This has led to many cases where rape victims have been punished for zina.  Pressing charges of zina without required eyewitnesses is considered slander (Qadhf, القذف) in Islam, itself a hudud crime.

The above sense of zina is not to be confused with the woman's name Zina or Zeina (زينة). The name has a different linguistic root (Greek xen-). It also has a different meaning ("guest, stranger"), is pronounced differently (either Zīnah or Zaynah), and is usually spelled differently.

References 

Islamic culture
Sexuality
École Polytechnique

École Polytechnique (EP or "l'X") is the best-kown engineering school in France. It is in a campus of Palaiseau (Northern France).

Its different curricula lead to the following French & European degrees :
 Ingénieur Polytechnicien (Polytechnique Graduate engineer Masters level program)
 Master of Science & PhD doctorate studies
 Mastères Spécialisés (MS)
 Massive Online Open Courses.

Academic activities and industrial applied research are performed  in French and English languages. Students from a lot of nationalities participate to the different curricula at École Polytechnique.

Notable Graduates 

 Caroline Aigle, French fighter jet pilot
 Paul-Louis Arslanian, Former head of Bureau d'Enquêtes et d'Analyses pour la Sécurité de l'Aviation Civile
 Michel Bernard, French public servant
 Augustin-Louis Cauchy, French mathematiker
 Yves Carcelle, French businessman
 Auguste Comte, French thinker
 Philippe Crébassa, French public servant
 Jacques Friedel, French physicist, educator and material scientist
 Carlos Ghosn, French-Lebanese businessman
 Patrick Ky, French Manager
 Joseph-Louis Lagrange, mathematician and astronomer
 Yves Lambert, French aerospace engineer
 Edmond Malinvaud, French economist
 Gérard Mestrallet, CEO of GDF Suez
 Guy du Merle, French aerospace engineer, pilot and writer
 Louis Pailhas, French politician and aerospace engineer
 Yves Poilane, French manager
 Siméon Denis Poisson,  French mathematician and physicist
 Jean Robieux, French Physicist
 Gérard Rozenknop, French aerospace engineer
 Jean-Paul Troadec, French aerospace engineer
 Jacques Villiers, French aerospace engineer and public servant
 Michel Wachenheim, French ambassador
 Farid Zizi, French aerospace engineer

References

Further reading 

 Official website

Technical colleges and universities in France
1794 establishments
Paris
1790s establishments in France
Ada County, Idaho

Ada County is a county in the U.S. state of Idaho.  As of the 2010 Census, 392,365 people lived in the county. That was more than any other county in Idaho. The county seat and largest city is Boise. Boise is also the state capital.

Communities

Cities
Boise
Eagle
Garden City
Kuna
Meridian 
Star

Census-designated place
Hidden Spring

References
Hidden Spring, Idaho

Hidden Spring is a census-designated place in Ada County, Idaho, United States. Its population was 2,280 in the 2010 census.

References

Ada County, Idaho
Census-designated places in Idaho
Buddy Cianci

Vincent Albert "Buddy" Cianci, Jr. (, ; , ; April 30, 1941 – January 28, 2016,) was an American lawyer, convicted felon, conservative radio talk show host, politician and political commentator.

He served as the mayor of Providence, Rhode Island from 1975 to 1984 and again from 1991 to 2002. Cianci was the longest-serving mayor of Providence, and one of the longest-serving "big city" mayors in United States history, having held office for over 21 years.

Cianci died of colon cancer in Providence, Rhode Island on January 28, 2016 at the age of 74.

References

Other websites
 WJAR's index of Plunder Dome–related articles 
 "Charges in 30-Count Indictment against Cianci and other Defendants" 
 Vice and Virtue—2002 special by Rhode Island's The Providence Journal.
 "ABC6 News names Buddy chief political analyst" 
 The Buddy Cianci Show on 630 WPRO 

1941 births
2016 deaths
Deaths from colorectal cancer
American mayors
American political commentators
American conservatives
Businesspeople from Rhode Island
Independent politicians in the United States
Writers from Rhode Island
Politicians from Rhode Island
People from Providence, Rhode Island
People from Cranston, Rhode Island
Carlos Loyzaga

Carlos Matute Loyzaga (August 29, 1930 – January 27, 2016) was a Filipino basketball player and coach. He was born in Manila, Philippine Islands.

He was the most dominant basketball player of his era in the Philippines. He was called the greatest Filipino basketball player of all time. Loyzaga was a two-time Olympian (1952, 1956), as a member of the Philippines men's national basketball team.

Loyzaga died on January 27, 2016 in San Juan, Metro Manila from complications of a stroke at the age of 85.

References

Other websites
 Basketball-reference.com
 Blogs.inquirer.net 
 Interaksyon.com 
 Sports.enquirer.com
 Philstar.com
 Journal.com.ph 
 Gameface.ph

1930 births
2016 deaths
Deaths from stroke
Filipino sportspeople
Basketball players
PhinDeli Town Buford, Wyoming

PhinDeli Town Buford, originally known as Buford, is an unincorporated community in Albany County, Wyoming, United States. In 2013, it had only 1 resident.

References

Other websites
 Community of Buford
 2010 video interview from CNN

Unincorporated communities in Wyoming
Albany County, Wyoming
1866 establishments in the United States
1860s establishments in Wyoming Territory
Harmony, Wyoming

Harmony is an unincorporated community  in Albany County, Wyoming, United States. It is located about  southwest of Laramie. Harmony Elementary School is a part of Albany County School District #1. Older students attend school in Laramie.

References

Unincorporated communities in Wyoming
Albany County, Wyoming
Garrett, Wyoming

Garrett is an unincorporated community in Albany County, Wyoming, United States.

References

Albany County, Wyoming
Unincorporated communities in Wyoming
Wellesley, Massachusetts

Wellesley is a town in the U.S. state of Massachusetts.

Towns in Massachusetts
Paul Kantner

Paul Lorin Kantner (March 17, 1941 – January 28, 2016) was an American guitarist, vocalist, and political activist. He was known for co-founding Jefferson Airplane, a psychedelic rock band of the 1960s and its more commercial spin-off band Jefferson Starship. He was born in San Francisco, California.

Kantner died from multiple organ failure and septic shock caused by a heart attack in San Francisco, California on January 28, 2016. He was 74.

References

Other websites

Official website for Jefferson Starship 
Official website for Jefferson Airplane.
'Got A Revolution': Biography of Jefferson Airplane by Jeff Tamarkin
Jefferson Airplane biography  at Rolling Stone.
Jefferson Airplane profile, NNDB.

1941 births
2016 deaths
American political activists
American rock guitarists
American rock singers
Jefferson Airplane members
Deaths from multiple organ failure
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Disease-related deaths in San Francisco
Musicians from San Francisco
Singers from California
Dmitry Shirkov

Dmitry Vasil'evich Shirkov (; 3 March 1928 – 23 January 2016) was a Russian theoretical physicist. He was known for his works to quantum field theory and to the development of the renormalization group method. He used to work at Lund University in Sweden. He was born in Moscow, Russia.

Shirkov died at his home in Dubna, Russia from a heart attack on 23 January 2016 at the age of 87.

References

Other websites
 Biography at the department of Quantum Theory and High Energy Physics at MSU  

1928 births
2016 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
People from Moscow
Russian theoretical physicists
Jorma Kaukonen

Jorma Ludwik Kaukonen, Jr. (born December 23, 1940) is an American blues, folk and rock guitarist. He is best known for his work with Jefferson Airplane and Hot Tuna. Rolling Stone magazine ranked him #54 on its list of 100 Greatest Guitarists.

Kaukonen was born in Washington, D.C.. He moved to San Francisco, California in the 1960s and studied at Santa Clara University.

References

Other websites

Jorma Kaukonen website
Fur Peace Ranch website
Jorma searches for his Jewish Soul
List of Authorized links from Jormakaukonen.com 
Got a Revolution: Jefferson Airplane biography by Jeff Tamarkin

1940 births
Living people
American guitarists
American blues musicians
American folk musicians
American rock musicians
Jefferson Airplane members
Musicians from Washington, D.C.
Musicians from San Francisco
Jack Casady

John William "Jack" Casady (born April 13, 1944) is an American musician. He is called one of the popular bass guitarists of the rock music era. He is best known as a member of Jefferson Airplane and Hot Tuna. He was born in Washington, D.C.. He became the bass player for Jefferson Airplane with lead guitarist Jorma Kaukonen and Paul Kantner.

References

Other websites

 Official Jack Casady website  requires Flash
 Jack Cassady in SVT

1944 births
Living people
Jefferson Airplane members
American guitarists
American rock musicians
American blues musicians
Musicians from Washington, D.C.
Sciences Po

Sciences Po or Institut d'études politiques de Paris is a special university in France. The school is in Paris. It was created in 1872.

It is a specialist in the fields of economics, administration, social sciences and politics.

Notable graduates 

 Paul Biya, President of Cameroon
 Marc Drillech, French sociologist and President of universities
 Roland Dumas, French lawyer and Socialist politician
 François Hollande, President of France
 Adrienne Jablanczy, French economist, professor
 Pierre Mauroy, French Socialist Party politician who was Prime Minister of France from 1981 to 1984
 Jean Peyrelevade, French civil servant, politician and business leader
 Peter Scholl-Latour, French-German professor, journalist and publicis

Notable teachers 
 Dominique Strauss-Kahn, French politician, economist

References

More reading 
 Sciences Po Paris website
 Richard Descoings, Sciences Po. De la Courneuve à Shanghai, préface de René Rémond, Paris: Presses de Sciences Po, 2007 ()

Education in France
Paris
Work (Rihanna song)

"Work" is a song by Barbadian singer Rihanna. It is from her eighth studio album, Anti.  The song features Canadian rapper Drake.  It was released on January 27, 2016. It was the most heard song for its first day on the over 1,200 stations monitored by Nielsen music.  A few hours after its release, it was sent to digital outlets such as iTunes and Google Play Music.  Rihanna announced via Twitter that "Work" was the lead single for Anti.  In June 2017, the song was certified sextuple-Platinum in the US for sales and streams equal to six million copies.

The song was nominated for Record of the Year and for Best Pop Duo/Group Performance at the 59th Annual Grammy Awards in 2017.

Chart performance 
The song reached number one on the iTunes charts of over 70 countries.  "Work" debuted at number 9 on the Billboard Hot 100, which made her one of the artists with the fifth-most top-ten singles in Billboard history (with 27 top-ten songs), along with singer-songwriters Mariah Carey, Janet Jackson, and Elton John.  In addition, the song also managed to enter the R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart at number one.  "Work" reached number two in the UK, number five in Australia, and topped the charts in Canada.  The song became Rihanna's 14th and Drake's second number-one single on the US Billboard Hot 100.  Rihanna became the artist with the third-most number-one songs in Hot 100 history and the second-most for a female artist.  She passed Michael Jackson's record of 13 number-ones and is behind Mariah Carey's 19 chart-toppers and The Beatles' 20 number-one songs.  "Work" was the third longest-running number-one song of 2016, with nine weeks at the top of the Billboard Hot 100 (The Chainsmokers' "Closer" featuring Halsey has spent 12 weeks at number one, and Drake's "One Dance" has spent ten weeks at the top).  The song was later replaced at number one by rapper Desiigner's first single, "Panda".

About the song 
"Work" is about a relationship that has turned bad and using work as a distraction from the relationship.  It is a reggae-pop and dancehall song.

Music video 
The music video was released on February 22, 2016, two days after Rihanna's 28th birthday.  It first appeared on the streaming service Tidal and was later uploaded to YouTube/Vevo.  The first half of the video contains scenes of a club and shows Rihanna performing Caribbean dance moves with short hair.  The second half is a different version of the video, which contains a couch and neon signs, while Rihanna, wearing much longer hair, sings to Drake, and is wearing a sheer shirt.  Drake is present in both versions of the video.

References

Rihanna songs
2016 songs
Drake songs
Dancehall songs
Reggae pop songs
R&B songs
Gooding County, Idaho

Gooding County is a county in the U.S. state of Idaho. In the 2010 census, the population was 15,464. Its county seat is Gooding. It is named for Frank R. Gooding, an early 20th Century governor and United States Senator from Idaho.

Communities
Bliss
Gooding
Hagerman
Wendell

References 

 

 
1913 establishments in Idaho
Lost River, Idaho

Lost River is a city in Custer County, Idaho, United States. It had 68 residents at the 2010 census.

Geography
Lost River is located at  (43.721785, -113.544931).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of .  of it is land and  is water.

Its named after the Big Lost River.

References

Cities in Idaho
Custer County, Idaho
Getúlio Vargas

Getúlio Dornelles Vargas (; 19 April 1882 – 24 August 1954) was President of Brazil. He was the dictator from 1930 to 1945. Then he was elected President in 1951 and served until 1954. Vargas led Brazil for 18 years, the longest of any President. He was second in Brazilian history only to Emperor Pedro II among heads of state. He favored nationalism, industrialization, centralization, social welfare and populism. Vargas won the nickname "The Father of the Poor". He was a supporter of workers rights and was very much an anti-communist. He shot himself dead after he was forced by the Brazilian military to resign from the Presidency.

References 

1882 births
1954 deaths
Brazilian lawyers
Politicians who committed suicide
Presidents of Brazil
Suicides by firearm

World War II political leaders
Custer County, Idaho

Custer County is a county in U.S. state of Idaho. In the 2010 census, the population was 4,368. The county seat is Challis.

Communities

Cities
Challis
Clayton
Lost River
Mackay
Stanley

Unincorporated communities
 Ellis 
 Goldburg

Ghost towns
 Bayhorse 
 Bonanza 
 Custer

References

Other websites

Challis School District #181 

 

 
1881 establishments in the United States
1880s establishments in Idaho Territory
Bosler, Wyoming

Bosler is an unincorporated community in Albany County, Wyoming, United States, along the Laramie River.  It lies along the concurrent U.S. Routes 30 and 287 north of Laramie.  Its elevation is 7,080 feet (2,158 m).  Although Bosler is unincorporated, it has a post office, with the ZIP code of 82051.

References

Albany County, Wyoming
Unincorporated communities in Wyoming
Gordon Goody

Gordon Goody (11 March 1929 – 29 January 2016) was a British criminal and small businessman. He was born in London, England. Goody was known for playing a role in the Great Train Robbery in 1963 that was lead by Bruce Reynolds.Goody was sentenced to 30 years in jail, but was released in 1975. A year after his release, he moved to Spain were he opened a small business as a bar owner.

Goody died at his home in Mojácar, Spain from a heart attack on 29 January 2016 at the age of 86.

References

Other websites
 
 Great Train Robber Gordon Goody Confesses 50 Years On
 Great Train Robbers, Who Were They?

1929 births
2016 deaths
British people convicted of assault
Cardiovascular disease deaths in Spain
Criminals from London
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Disease-related deaths in Andalusia
Great Train Robbers
List of municipalities in Wyoming

There are 99 incorporated municipalities in the state of Wyoming.

Cities and towns

Related pages
List of census-designated places in Wyoming

References

Wyoming
Powell, Wyoming

Powell is a city in Park County, Wyoming, United States. The population was 6,314 at the 2010 census.

Cities in Wyoming
Park County, Wyoming
Albany, Wyoming

Albany is a census-designated place (CDP) in Albany County, Wyoming, United States. Its population was 55 at the 2010 census.

References

Albany County, Wyoming
Census-designated places in Wyoming
Centennial, Wyoming

Centennial is a census-designated place (CDP) in Albany County, Wyoming, United States. The population was 270 at the 2010 census.

References

Albany County, Wyoming
Census-designated places in Wyoming
Ellis, Idaho

Ellis is an unincorporated community in Custer County, Idaho, United States. It is located on U.S. Route 93  northeast of Challis. Ellis has a post office with ZIP code 83235.

References

Custer County, Idaho
Unincorporated communities in Idaho
Lander, Pennsylvania

Lander is a unincorporated community in Farmington Township in Warren County, Pennsylvania. 

Unincorporated communities in Pennsylvania
Farmington, Ohio

Farmington is an unincorporated community in Belmont County, Ohio, United States.

History
Farmington was laid out in 1818. A former variant name of Farmington was Cope. A post office called Cope was established in 1874, and operated until 1895.

References

Unincorporated communities in Ohio
Hershey, Pennsylvania

Hershey is a census-designated place (CDP) in Derry Township, Dauphin County, Pennsylvania, United States. Hershey's chocolates are made in Hershey, which was founded by candy magnate Milton S. Hershey.

The community is located  east of Harrisburg and is part of the Harrisburg−Carlisle Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 14,257 at the 2010 census.

References

Census-designated places in Pennsylvania
Lovell, Ohio

Lovell is an unincorporated community in Wyandot County, Ohio.

History
Lovell was founded in the 1870s soon when the railroad was extended to that point. A post office was established at Lovell in 1877, and operated until 1909. The community was named for its founder, Lovell B. Harris.

References

Unincorporated communities in Ohio
Agnès Varda

Agnès Varda (30 May 1928 – 29 March 2019) was a French movie director and producer, screenwriter, editor, actress, artist, photographer. She was also a professor at the European Graduate School.

Her movies, photographs, and artworks focused on realism, feminist issues, and social commentary with a distinct experimental style. Movie historians have cited Varda's work as central to the development of the French New Wave movie movement. She was known for her works Cleo de 5 a 7, La Pointe Courte, and Vagabond.

Varda was born in Ixelles, Brussels, Belgium to French parents. She studied at École des Beaux-Arts. Varda was married to Jacques Demy from 1962 until his death in 1990. They had one daughter, Rosalie.

Varda died of cancer on 29 March 2019 in Paris, at the age of 90.

Awards and honours
Golden Lion of the Venice Film Festival for Vagabond/Without Roof or Rule
2002 - René Clair Award.
2009 - The Beaches of Agnès won the César Award for best documentary film
12 April 2009 - made Commandeur de la Légion d'honneur
May 2010 - Directors' Fortnight's 8th Carosse d'Or award for lifetime achievement at the Cannes Film Festival
14 May 2013 - promoted to Grand Cross of the National Order of Merit of France
10 August 2014 -Leopard of Honour award at the 67th Locarno Film Festival
13 December 2014 - Lifetime Achievement Award from the European Film Academy
24 May 2015 - honorary Palme d'or

References

Other websites

  
 Agnès Varda  Faculty Page @ European Graduate School Biography, bibliography, films and quotes.
 Watch 17 films of Agnes Varda at www.dafilms.com
 Biography on newwavefilm.com
 Ciné-Tamaris
 Jonathan Romney, The Beaches of Agnès (Sight & Sound 'Film of the Month') 
 "A Talk: Agnès Varda ," 2009, (Frieze Foundation Talks) 
 Agnès Varda  talks about cinema and her work

1928 births
2019 deaths
Cancer deaths in France
Cinematographers
French artists
French educators
French feminists
French movie actors
French movie directors
French movie producers
French photographers
French screenwriters
Movie editors
People from Brussels-Capital Region
U.S. News & World Report

U.S. News & World Report is an American media company that publishes news, opinions, consumer advice, rankings, and analysis. It was founded as a weekly news magazine in 1933. Since 2010, it mainly publishes its content on the internet. U.S. News is best known today for its influential rankings of colleges and hospitals. It has expanded its content on education, health, money, careers, travel, and cars.

The editorial staff of U.S. News & World Report is based in Washington, D.C. Brian Kelly has been the chief content editor since April 2007. The company is owned by Mortimer Zuckerman.

References

Other websites
 , which includes:
 U.S.News & World Rankings – Rankings main website
 America's Best High Schools
 Reviews and Rankings for the Best Cars and Trucks

Newspapers in the United States
Richard Sugarman

Richard Sugarman (born July 12, 1944) is an American academic and political advisor. He is a Professor of Religion and Philosophy at the University of Vermont. He has been called a "world-renowned expert on the Lithuanian-born philosopher Emmanuel Levinas." He is a political advisor to presidential candidate Bernie Sanders on his 2016 presidential campaign.

He studied philosophy at Yale and Boston University.

Sugarman is of Jewish descent. He is an Orthodox Jew and also a Zionist.

References

Works

1944 births
Living people
20th-century American philosophers
21st-century American philosophers
Boston University alumni
Jewish American academics
Jewish American scientists
Scientists from New York
Writers from Buffalo, New York
Yale University alumni
Zionists
Educators from New York
Huck Gutman

Huck Gutman (born about 1944) is an American academic and political advisor. He is a Professor of English at the University of Vermont. He was the Chief of Staff to U.S. presidential candidate Bernie Sanders. He co-wrote Sanders' political memoir, Outsider in the White House.

References

Works

1944 births
Living people
Educators from Vermont
Writers from Vermont
People from Burlington, Vermont
Outsider in the White House

Outsider in the White House is a political memoir written by Huck Gutman and Bernie Sanders. It was first published as Outsider in the House in 1997. It was republished in 2015, when Sanders ran for President of the United States. The book contains an afterword by journalist John Nichols. 

The book talks about Sanders's support for the Second Amendment to the United States Constitution. This law gives United States citizens the right to own guns.

References

1997 books
2015 books
Bernie Sanders
Autobiographies
John Roper, Baron Roper

John Francis Hodgess Roper, Baron Roper (10 September 1935 – 29 January 2016) was a British politician.

Roper was elected Member of Parliament for Farnworth in 1970. He sat as a Labour Co-operative MP from 1970 to 1981, and for the Social Democratic Party (SDP) from 1981 to 1983, when he was also the party's Chief Whip. His Farnworth seat was then abolished, and he contested the seat of Worsley at the 1983 general election. He finished third in a three-way marginal election.

On 12 May 2000, he was created a life peer as Baron Roper, of Thorney Island in the City of Westminster. He was the Liberal Democrat Chief Whip in the House of Lords until 2005. He was then appointed to the Privy Council of the United Kingdom. In 2008, he was elected Principal Deputy Chairman of Committees. He retired from the House of Lords on 23 May 2015.

Roper died on 29 January 2016 after a long illness. He was aged 80.

References

Other websites
Lord Roper  profile at the site of Liberal Democrats
Who's Who 2002 entry

1935 births
2016 deaths
British politicians
Aleš Debeljak

Aleš Debeljak (25 December 1961 – 28 January 2016) was a Slovenian cultural critic, poet, and essayist. He was born in Ljubljana, Slovenia, Yugoslavia. From the mid-1980s onwards, Debeljak took an active part in civil society movements. He was one of the co-editors of popular journal Nova revija.

Debeljak was killed in a car crash on 28 January 2016. He was aged 54.

References

Other websites
Personal Page (Faculty for Social Sciences, Ljubljana) 
Biography and bibliography
Aleš Debeljak's "Without Anesthesia" in Blackbird: an online journal of literature and the arts

1961 births
2016 deaths
Road accident deaths
Slovenian poets
Cultural critics
People from Ljubljana
Augusto Giomo

Augusto Giomo (3 February 1940 – 27 January 2016) was an Italian basketball player. He competed at the 1960 and 1964 Summer Olympics. He finished in fourth and fifth place. His younger brother Giorgio played for Italy at the 1972 Summer Olympics. He was born in Treviso.

Giomo died in Treviso, from cancer, on 27 January 2016. He was aged 75.

References

1940 births
2016 deaths
1960 Summer Olympics
1964 Summer Olympics
Basketball players
Cancer deaths in Italy
Italian Olympians
Sportspeople from Veneto
Paul Terasaki

Paul Ichiro Terasaki (September 10, 1929 – January 25, 2016) was an American scientist. He worked in the field of human organ transplant technology. He was the Professor Emeritus of Surgery at UCLA School of Medicine. Terasaki was born in Los Angeles, California. 

In 1964, Terasaki developed the microcytotoxicity test. This is a tissue-typing test for organ transplant donors and recipients. It required only 1 microliter of antisera used to identify human leukocyte antigens (HLA).

Terasaki died on January 25, 2016 after a long illness in Beverly Hills, California. He was aged 86.

References

Other websites
  See also its links to oral history video clips.

1929 births
2016 deaths
Educators from Los Angeles
American philanthropists
Scientists from Los Angeles
Słopnice

Słopnice  is a village in southern Poland. It is located in Limanowa County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Słopnice. It is located about  west of Limanowa and  south-east of the regional capital Kraków.

References

Villages in Poland
Michel Legrand

Michel Legrand (24 February 1932 – 26 January 2019) was a French musical composer, arranger, conductor, and pianist. He was born Courbevoie, in present-day France.

Legrand was a well-known composer. He has written over 200 movie and television scores, as well as many memorable songs. 

He was best known for his movie music, such as The Umbrellas of Cherbourg (1964) and The Thomas Crown Affair (1968). The Thomas Crown Affair featured the song "The Windmills of Your Mind". Legrand won his first Academy Award for this song. He would win another Academy Award in 1971 for Summer of '42.

Legrand died suddenly from sepsis after suffering from a lung infection in Paris on 26 January 2019 at the age of 86.

References

Other websites

 
Biography of Michel Legrand , from Radio France Internationale

non official website of Michel Legrand

1932 births
2019 deaths
Academy Award winning composers
BAFTA Award winners
Deaths from sepsis
Deaths from respiratory tract infection
French composers
French conductors
French pianists
Golden Globe Award winning composers
Musicians from Paris
Pressurized heavy-water reactor

A pressurized heavy-water reactor (PHWR) is a nuclear reactor developed by Canada. It commonly uses uranium as its fuel. It uses heavy water (deuterium oxide D2O) as its coolant and neutron moderator. The heavy water coolant is kept under pressure. This allows it to be heated to higher temperatures without boiling. While heavy water is a lot more expensive than ordinary water, it creates greatly enhanced neutron economy. This allows the reactor to operate without fuel-enrichment facilities (offsetting the additional expense of the heavy water).

Related pages
 Pressurized water reactor

References 

Nuclear power plants
Nuclear energy
Myth Makers: Trixie in Toyland

Myth Makers: Trixie in Toyland is a platforming video game for the computer, PlayStation 2, and most recently the Nintendo Wii. The game was created by Data Design Interactive, a British company. It is one of three parts of their Myth Makers series of video games.

References 

2005 video games
3D platform games
PlayStation 2 games
Wii games
List of presidents of the Marshall Islands

The following is a list of presidents of the Marshall Islands, since the creation of that office in 1979.

List of presidents of the Marshall Islands
Whirlpool galaxy

The Whirlpool galaxy, is also known as Messier 51a, M51a, or NGC 5194. It is a large galaxy with well-defined spiral arms, with a smaller companion galaxy. They have been through a collision, and are still interacting.

The Whirlpool was the first galaxy to be classified as a spiral galaxy. Different methods put its distance as between 15 to 35 million light-years. Recently it was estimated to be 23 ± 4 million light-years from the Milky Way. Messier 51 is one of the best known galaxies in the sky.

Its spiral arms are so impressive and well-defined that it is called a "grand design" spiral galaxy. It has an active galactic nucleus, no doubt fuelled by a massive black hole.

The galaxy and its companion, NGC 5195, are easily seen by amateur astronomers, in the constellation Canes Venatici. The two galaxies can be seen with binoculars. The Whirlpool galaxy is also a popular target for professional astronomers. They study its galaxy structure (particularly the spiral arms) and galaxy interactions.

References 

Spiral galaxies
Museo del Prado

The Museo del Prado is a museum established on 19 November 1819, located in Madrid. It is one of the biggest and most important museums in the world. Its collection includes works of European artists, from the 12th to the 19th century. It was founded as a museum for paintings and sculptures, but also contains other types of works of art. The collections include many works of Francisco de Goya, Diego Velázquez, El Greco, Titian and Peter Paul Rubens and Hieronymus Bosch. In 2012, about 2.8 million people visited the museum. Some of the most famous paintings in the museum include: Las Meninas, The Garden of Earthly Delights, The Third of May 1808, and La Maja Desnuda. The architects that constructed the museum are Rafael Moneo and Juan de Villanueva.

References

19th-century establishments in Spain
1810s establishments in Europe
1819 establishments
Art museums in Spain
Madrid
Arab slave trade

Arab slave trade refers to the practice of slavery in the Arab world. It took place mainly in Western Asia, North Africa, Southeast Africa, the Horn of Africa. It also included parts of Europe (such as Iberia and Sicily), beginning during the era of the Muslim conquests and continuing into the 20th century. 

The Arab slave trade was conducted through slave markets in the Middle East, North Africa and the Horn of Africa. Most of the slaves were from Africa's interior.

Historians estimate that between 650 AD and the 1960s, 10 million to 18 million people were enslaved by Arab slave traders. They were taken from Europe, Asia and Africa across the Red Sea, Indian Ocean, and Sahara desert.

History 

One of the oldest slave trades in history was the Arab trade of Zanj (Bantu) slaves in Southeast Africa. This trade began 700 years before the European Atlantic slave trade. Men taken as slaves were often used as servants, soldiers, or workers. Women and children were mainly used as servants and concubines. 

Most male slaves were castrated. It is estimated that as many as 6 out of every 10 boys bled to death during this process. Even so, castrating slaves was worthwhile because eunuchs sold for high prices. Over time, the Arab slave trade shifted to concentrate more on women and young girls for sexual purposes. This was different than the later Atlantic slave trade, which concentrated on enslaving men for labor.

Modern slavery in Africa 

In Mauritania slavery was abolished legally in 1980. But Muslim Berbers still own an estimated 90,000 African slaves. This is despite the fact that African Mauritanians converted to Islam over a hundred years ago and the Qur’an does not allow Muslims to enslave other Muslims. Slaves are used for farm labor, concubines and domestic servants. The children remain the property of their masters. They can be bought, sold, or exchanged for trucks, camels or guns. 

Slavery in Sudan is active again with the Muslim north waging war against Animists and Christians in the south. In these raids almost all slaves are taken from the tribes in the Nuba Mountains. Government sponsored Arab militias often kill the men and enslave women and children. Those taken slaves are forced to convert to Islam. Those that refuse are put to death. The trafficking in women and children in Western and Southern Africa violates the 1948 UN Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

References

Other websites 
 Two Views of The History of Islamic Slavery in Africa
 The East African Slave Trade
 Slavery still haunts Africa, where millions remain captive

Historic slave trade
Arabia
John King Jr.

John B. King Jr. (born January 5, 1975) is an American politician. He was the  Secretary of Education at the  U.S. Department of Education from 2016 to 2017. Before, he served as its Acting Deputy Secretary, and from 2011 to 2014 he was the  New York State Education Commissioner. 

The former Secretary of Education, Arne Duncan, was given the job of putting into effect the No Child Left Behind Act. However, King is required to put into effect the law that replaces that law, the Every Student Succeeds Act.

In April 2021, King announced that he would be running for the Democratic nomination for Governor of Maryland in the 2022 election.

References

1975 births
Living people
African American politicians
Columbia University alumni
Harvard University alumni
Politicians from Brooklyn
United States Secretaries of Education
US Democratic Party politicians
Yale University alumni
Politicians from Maryland
People from Silver Spring, Maryland