cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Nemesi Marqués Oste

Nemesi Marquès Oste (born 17 May 1935) is the personal representative to Andorra of the Bishop of Urgell. He is a Roman Catholic priest.

References

1935 births
Living people
Andorran people
Christian clergy
Governors-general
Spanish Roman Catholics
Saltaire

Saltaire is a UNESCO World Heritage Site in the City of Bradford, West Yorkshire, England. The site is a complete and well-preserved industrial village of the second half of the 19th century. It has textile mills, public buildings and workers' housing.

History 
Construction of Saltaire was started in 1851 by Sir Titus Salt. The name of the village is a combination of the founder's last name and the name of the Aire River which runs through it.

Salt owned several textile mills Yorkshire. In 1853, he moved his businesses and his workers to Saltaire.

In time, the new village grew to over 800 dwellings.

In 1933, the village was sold the Bradford Property Trust. The mill closed down in 1986.

In 2001, Saltaire was named a World Heritage Site.

Gallery

Related pages 
 List of World Heritage Sites in the United Kingdom

References

Other websites

 Saltaire Village website

Buildings and structures in England
World Heritage Sites in the United Kingdom
Christian Frémont

Christian Frémont (23 April 1942 - 3 August 2014) was the chief of staff of Nicolas Sarkozy. He was the French Representative to Andorra from 24 September 2008 to 15 May 2012. 

Frémont died in Paris, France from cancer, aged 72.

References

1942 births
2014 deaths
Deaths from cancer
Andorran people
French politicians
Governors-general

People from Nouvelle-Aquitaine
Antoni Martí

Antoni Martí Petit (born November 10, 1963) is an Andorran architect and politician.Andorra: Tax, foreign investment in the heart of early parliamentary  Pisqa, 3 April 2011 He was the Prime Minister from 11 May 2011 to 16 May 2019.

References

1963 births
Living people
Prime Ministers of Andorra
Paréage

A Paréage is an agreement between two rulers who were equal.  It was used in Medieval France.  The most famous paréage was in 1278.  It created Andorra.

Middle Ages
Crown of Aragon

The Crown of Aragon was a joining of multiple titles and states in the hands of the King of the Crown of Aragon.  In the 14th and 15th the land of Aragon covered most of present-day France and Spain.  The political center was at Barcelona.

References

History of France
History of Spain
Former monarchies of Europe
List of countries by GDP (PPP)

This is a list of countries of the world sorted by their gross domestic product (GDP). GDP is the worth of all goods and services made in a country in a year. PPP is for purchasing power parity. Purchasing power parity means how much money would be needed to buy the same item in two different countries.

All figures are in current international dollars (Int$).

References

Notes

PPP
Canillo

Canillo is one of the seven parishes of Andorra. It is in the northeast of the country. Canillo is also the name of the main town of the parish.

The town of Canillo is the religious centre of Andorra because here is the Mare de Déu de Meritxell ("Our Lady of Meritxell") Basilica. Our Lady of Meritxell is the patron saint of Andorra.

Geography
The Canillo parish is in the northeastern part of the country and borders with the Ariège department to the north and east, with the Pyrénées-Orientales department (France) to the southeast, with the Encamp parish to the south and the Ordino parish to the west.

The highest mountain in the parish is Pic de l'Estanyó () with an elevation of  above sea level; it is on the border with the Ordino parish.

The main river in Canillo is the Valira d'Orient, also known as Valira d’Encamp.

The largest lake of Andorra, Estany de Juclà ("Juclar lake"), is in the Canillo parish; it has an area of .

Population
The parish had a population, in 2015,  of 4,124 inhabitants, for a population density of  persons/km².

Evolution of the population in Canillo

Villages
The urban areas in the parish are:

Economy
The main economic activity is tourism and the parish is a major tourism destination during winter.

Sites of interest
 The new Our Lady of Meritxell Basilica in Meritxell.
 Sant Joan de Caselles church. It is similar to the church in Mérens-les-Vals, Ariège, France.
 Valley of the Incles river with the Estany de Juclà ("Juclar lake"), the largest lake of Andorra.
 Soldeu-El Tarter ski resort, part of the Grandvalira ski resort.

Gallery

References

Parishes of Andorra
Encamp

Encamp is one of the seven parishes of Andorra. It is in the east central part of the country. Encamp is also the name of the main town of the parish.

Geography
The Encamp parish is in the east central part of the country and borders with the Canillo parish to the north, with the Pyrénées-Orientales department (France) to the east, with Spain to the southeast, with the Escaldes-Engordany parish to the south, with the La Massana parish to the west and the Ordino parish to the northwest.

The highest mountain in the parish is Pic del Pessons () with an elevation of  above sea level.

The main river in Encamp is the Valira d'Orient.

Population
The parish had a population, in 2015,  of 12,212 inhabitants, for a population density of  persons/km².

Evolution of the population in Encamp

Villages
The urban areas in the parish are:

Economy
The main economic activity is tourism and the parish is a major tourism destination.

Sites of interest
 Sant Romà de Vila church in Vila
 Sant Romà de les Bons church in Les Bons
 Museu Nacional de l’Automòbil d’Andorra, a automobile museum in Encamp
 Santa Eulàlia d'Encamp church in Encamp
 Grandvalira ski resort

Gallery

References

Parishes of Andorra
Escaldes-Engordany

Escaldes-Engordany is one of the seven parishes of Andorra. It is in the southeast of the country. Escaldes-Engordany is also the name of the main town of the parish.

History
The Escaldes-Engordany parish was created in 1978 with part of the territory of the Andorra la Vella parish with two urban areas: Escaldes and Engordany. With time, these two towns were combined to form the present capital of the parish.

Geography
The Escaldes-Engordany parish is in the southeast of the country and borders with the Encamp parish to the north, with the Sant Julià de Lòria parish to the southwest, with the Andorra la Vella parish to the west and the La Massana parish to the northwest. Spain is to the east and south of the parish.

The highest mountain in the parish is Tossa Plana () with an elevation of  above sea level. It is in the southeast of the parish, on the border with Spain.

The main rivers in Escaldes-Engordany are the Valira del Nord and the Valira d'Orient; they form the Gran Valira after their confluence in Escaldes-Engordany. Other river is the Madriu.

The town of Escaldes-Engordany is the capital of the parish; it is in the northwest of the parish, close to the town of Andorra la Vella, forming the largest urban area of the country.

Population
The parish had a population, in 2015,  of 14,367 inhabitants, for a population density of  persons/km².

Evolution of the population in Escaldes-Engordany

Villages
The urban areas in the parish are:
 Escaldes-Engordany, the main urban area of the parish; it is formed by:
 Les Escaldes, or just Escaldes, at an altitude of . The name Les Escaldes comes from the presence of numerous hot springs, which produce highly sulphurous and nitrogenous waters at temperatures between . The hot springs were known by the Romans who used them for medical purposes, and now are used in "Caldea", a spa.
 Engordany, at an altitude of  on the right side of the Valira d'Orient river, on the foot of the Pic de Padern mountain ( high).
 Els Vilars d'Engordany, to the north of Engordany. Here is the Sant Romà dels Vilars chapel of the X century, at an altitude of  on the foot of the Pic de Padern mountain.
 Engolasters at about  to the east of Andorra la Vella, at an altitude of .

Economy
The main economic activity is tourism and the parish is a major tourism destination.

Sites of interest
 Sant Romà dels Vilars church in Els Vilars d'Engordany
 Sant Miquel d'Engolasters church in Engolasters
 Pont d'Engordany, a bridge built in 1785
 Pont dels Escalls, a bridge
 Caldea, a spa in Les Escaldes

Gallery

References

Parishes of Andorra
La Massana

La Massana (originally La Maçana) is one of the seven parishes of Andorra. It is in the northwest of the country. La Massana is also the name of the main town of the parish.

The name Massana derives from the Latin name mattianam for a variety of apple.

Geography
The La Massana parish is in the northwest of the country and borders with the Ordino parish to the north, with the Ordino and Encamp parishes to the east, with the Andorra la Vella and the Escaldes-Engordany parishes to the south, with France (Ariège department) and Spain to the west.

The town of La Massana has an average elevation of  above sea level.

In the La Massana parish are the highest mountains of Andorra, including:
 Coma Pedrosa (),  high, the highest mountain of the country; it is in the northwest of the parish near the borders with France and Spain.
 Roca Entravessada,  high
 Pic de Medacorba,  high
 Pic de Sanfonts,  high

The main river in the parish is the Valira del Nord (or Valira d'Ordino) river, one of the two branches that form the Valira river. There are several small lakes in the parish; the main lakes are Estanys Forcats, Estany de Les Truites and Estany Negre.

Population
The parish had a population, in 2015, of 10,359 inhabitants, for a population density of  persons/km².

Evolution of the population in La Massana

Villages
There are other villages and hamlets besides the main town of La Massana in the parish:

Economy

The main economic activity is tourism and the parish is a major tourism destination. In winter, the main activities are skiing, snowboarding, and ski ski biking. The main ski resort, Vallnord, includes the Arinsal and Pal sectors. In summer, the main activities are hiking, climbing, mountain biking and canyoning.

Farming is also an important economic activity in the parish; here tobacco, vegetables (mainly potatoes), and cereals are grown.

Sites of interest
 Sant Ermengol de l'Aldosa church in Aldosa
 Sant Climent de Pal church in Pal
 Pont de Sant Antoni de la Grella, a bridge also called Pont de Sispony
 Museu Casa Rull, a museum of Ethnology in Sispony
 Vallnord, a ski/snowboard resort in the Pyrenees mountains

Gallery

References

Parishes of Andorra
Ordino

Ordino is one of the parishes of Andorra.  It is the most northern parish of the country. Ordino is also the name of the main town of the parish. In the parish is the Parc Natural de Sorteny ("Sorteny Natural Park"), the largest nature area of Andorra.

History
Ordino is known for the several places where the iron ore was melted between the XVII and the XIX centuries. Besides being the industrial centre of Andorra, Ordino is considered the cultural centre of Andorra. Here Antoni Fiter i Rossell wrote the Manual Digest (1748), called the "Bible of Andorra," which tells the history, the government and the Andorran customs.

Geography
The town of Ordino, the capital of the parish, is at  above sea level. Most of the parish is in the valley of the Valira del Nord (or Valira d'Ordino) river, in the northwest of the country.

Ordino borders with France (Ariège department) to the north, with the Canillo parish to the east, the Encamp parish to the southeast and the La Massana parish to the south and the west.

Some of the highest mountains of Andorra are in the Ordino parish; some of them are:
 Pic de l'Estanyó,  high
 Pic de la Serrera,  high
 Pic de Font Blanca,  high

The town of Ordino is on the slopes of the Pic de Casamanya (or just Casamanya); it is  high.

The main river in the parish is the Valira del Nord (or Valira d'Ordino) river, one of the two branches that form the Valira river.

Population
The parish had a population, in 2015 of 4,687 inhabitants, for a population density of  persons/km².

Evolution of the population in Ordino

Villages
There are other villages and hamlets besides the main town of Ordino in the parish:

Sites of interest
 Auditori Nacional d'Andorra ("National Auditorium of Andorra")
 Museu Postal d'Andorral ("Postal Museum of Andorra")
 Museu de la Miniatura ("Miniature Museum")
 Sant Martí de la Cortinada, a Romanesque church in La Cortinada, north of Ordino.
 Valle de Sorteny Natural Park, the largest natural park in Andorra.
 Vallnord, a ski/snowboard resort in the Pyrenees mountains; the Arcalís sector is in the Ordino parish.

Gallery

References

Parishes of Andorra
Sant Julià de Lòria

Sant Julià de Lòria is one of the parishes of Andorra.  It is the most southern parish of the country. Sant Julià de Lòria is also the name of the main town of the parish.  The University of Andorra is in the parish.

Geography
The parish has an altitude of ; the town of Sant Julià de Lòria is at  high, the lowest settlement in Andorra. The Valira river (or Gran Valira), the biggest river in the country, flows through the parish.

Sant Julià de Lòria borders with the Andorra la Vella parish to the north, with the Escaldes-Engordany parish to the northeast and with Spain to the east, south and west.

The highest mountain in the parish is Pic Negre Norte () with an elevation of  above sea level; it is on the border with the Escaldes-Engordany parish.

Population
The parish had a population, in 2015 of 9,379 inhabitants, for a population density of  persons/km².

Evolution of the population in Sant Julià de Lòria

Villages
There are other villages and hamlets besides the main town of Sant Julià de Lòria in the parish:

Sites of interest
 Església de Sant Serni de Nagol  is a church built in the 11th century.
 Església de Sant Miquel de Fontaneda is a church in Fontaneda, built in the 11-12th century.
 Santuari de la Mar de Déu de Canòlic ("Mother of God of Canòlic Sanctuary"); the Mother of God of Canòlic is the patron saint of the Sant Julià de Lòria parish.
 La Rabassa, a cross-country skiing station; here there is also a park, Naturlandia.
 Museu del Tabac ("Tobacco Museum"), an old tobacco factory that is now a museum.

Gallery

References

Parishes of Andorra
Coma Pedrosa

Coma Pedrosa is the highest mountain in Andorra. It is popular with mountain climbers. The nearest town is Arinsal, La Massana.

References

Pyrenees
Geography of Andorra
Our Lady of Meritxell

Our Lady of Meritxell  is the patron saint of Andorra. It is a Roman Catholic statue showing the Virgin Mary. The original statue is from the late 12th century. But the chapel it was in burned down on September 8 and 9, 1972. The statue was destroyed. A copy was made in 1976 by Ricardo Bofill.

Andorra
Statues
Marian shrines
Rheumatoid arthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a serious, painful, and chronic (long-lasting) disease.  It is an autoimmune disease - a disease where the body's immune system attacks healthy cells.  When a person has RA, their immune system attacks the joints and the tissues around the joints in the body.  This causes different problems, like:
 The capsules around the joints get swollen
 The body makes too much synovial fluid (the special fluid that is supposed to cushion the joints)
 Tough fibrous tissue builds up in the synovium area (which is also supposed to help cushion the joints)

Eventually, RA can destroy a person's articular cartilage.  Normally, articular (having to do with the joints) cartilage covers the end of bones where they come together to form joints.  This keeps the bones from rubbing against each other.  If the articular cartilage has been destroyed by RA, the bones will rub against each other, which is very painful.

No one knows what causes RA, but some theories are that it has to do with hormones, environment, infection and genes. There is no cure, but doctors have determined ways to help slow down and reduce the impact of the disease. Women are two to three times as likely as men to get rheumatoid arthritis. Most cases of RA occur in people between the ages of 25 and 55.

RA was first recognized around 1800 by Dr. Augustin Jacob Landré-Beauvais.

Symptoms
Symptoms may include:
Swelling, stiffness, and pain around affected joints
Fever
A feeling of discomfort and tiredness

Often, people with RA also develop anemia, a different disease that causes a person to have not enough blood cells in the blood. 

Less often, a person with RA could have:
inflamed blood vessels
neck pain

References

Inflammation
Diseases and disorders of joints
Rheumatology
World Heritage Committee

The World Heritage Committee is the group which decides on the places to be listed as UNESCO World Heritage Sites. It makes sure that the agreements in World Heritage Convention are followed. It also decides how the money in the World Heritage Fund is spent. The committee has 21 members who are elected from the 188 countries that have agreed to the World Heritage Convention.

According to the World Heritage Convention, committee members are elected for six years, however many of the representatives choose to be on the committee for only four years. This gives more countries a chance to take part. At the 15th General Assembly (2005) all the committee members agreed to serve for only four years.

Session
The World Heritage Committee meets many times a year to discuss the management of existing World Heritage Sites, and to look at possible new sites. A special meeting, known as the World Heritage Committee Session, takes place each year where sites are added (inscribed) to the World Heritage List.

The annual session takes place in cities all over the world. With the exception of meetings held in Paris, where the UNESCO headquarter office is located, only countries who are members of the World Heritage Committee have the right to hold a Session. The cities are decided by the Committee.

References

Other websites

 UNESCO World Heritage portal — Official website 
 The World Heritage List — Official searchable list of all Inscribed Properties

UNESCO Conventions
International organizations
Conservation
Willandra Lakes Region

The Willandra Lakes Region is a World Heritage Site that covers 2,400 square kilometres in south-western New South Wales, Australia. It includes important natural and cultural features. The lakes were formed about two million years ago, but are now dry. The Australian Aborigines camped around the lakes, especially in the sand dunes on the lake shores for at least 50,000 years. These dunes are crescent shaped, and are called lunettes. The world's oldest cremation, of an woman more than 40,000 years ago, was found in a lunette at Lake Mungo. A small section of the region is protected by the Mungo National Park. As well as Lake Mungo, there is also Lake Mulurulu which was the last lake to hold water, the Prungle lakes which have been dry for more than 20,000 years, and Lake Chibnalwood which has a 30 metre high lunette, one of the biggest in the world.

The Willandra Lakes Region was added to the Australian National Heritage List in May 2007.

Movies
2003 - Journey of Man

Related pages 
 List of World Heritage Sites in Australia

References

Other websites 
World heritage listing for Willandra Lakes

World Heritage Sites in Australia
Geography of New South Wales
Australian National Heritage List
Sloth (deadly sin)

In Christianity, Sloth is about a person not wanting to work, because of lack of motivation. The person will be physically inactive and neglect what God has said. Very often, this will lead to resources being wasted. As an example, sloth is about a person not helping those in need, even though they would be able to. Sloth is one of the seven capital sins, which are also called seven deadly sins.

For Protestants, Diligence (or hard work) is one of the ways to please God. Max Weber (1864-1920) treats this in his work The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism. In his work "Anthropologie in pragmatischer Hinsicht", Immanuel Kant stated that of the capital sins sloth, cowardice and falsehood, the first one is the most despicable. However, he also sees this as a measure of self-protection of the individual, as long phases of hard work will lead a person to become tired, and to make short pauses between intervals of work. Without these pauses, the restles malice that is in the world would do a far greater amount of damage. In 1846, Louis Blanc wrote about the right to work. There was a financial crisis at the time, and many people were unemployed. The crisis led to the French Revolution of 1848.
In 1880, the Socialist Paul Lafargue  published an essay called The Right to be Lazy, where he explains that the worker should have a right to be lazy.

References

Seven deadly sins
Ponte Buggianese

Ponte Buggianese is an Italian town in the province of Pistoia, Tuscany. About 8,876 people lived there as of 2011.

References

Other websites

Towns in Tuscany
Stella McCartney

Stella Nina McCartney,  (born 13 September 1971 ) is an English fashion designer. She is the daughter of former Beatles member Sir Paul McCartney and American photographer and animal rights activist Linda McCartney.

Early life 
McCartney was born at King’s College Hospital in London, England, She is second child of American photographer Linda McCartney and former Beatle Paul McCartney. She is named after her maternal great-grandmothers both of Linda McCartney's grandmothers were named Stella.

References

Other websites

 

1971 births
Living people
British fashion designers
Paul McCartney
Chunseong

Chunseong (춘성 ; 春城, March 30, 1891 - August 22, 1977) was a philosopher, Buddhist monk, scholar, poet, and writer from South Korea.

Related pages 
 Han Yong-un
 Mangong

References 
 Doh Jin-Soon, "Great monk & Great learning" (큰 스님 큰 가르침) (Seoul: Moonwae, 2006) 
 Kim Kwang-sik, "Choonseong:Mooaedoin's Story" (춘성:무애도인 삶의 이야기) (Seoul: SaeSsak, 2009) 
 Samjoong, "The More story behind" (숨겨왔던 많은 이야기들) (Seoul: KukbooCarma, 2009)

Other websites 
 Chunseong 
 Chunseong
 Chunseong 

1891 births
1977 deaths
South Korean writers
Korean poets
Historic Monuments of Ancient Nara

Historic Monuments of Ancient Nara is the UNESCO World Heritage Site in Nara in Nara Prefecture, Japan. 

The site covers eight places in the old capital city of Nara. Five are Buddhist temples, one is a Shinto shrine, one is a Palace and one a primeval forest.

History
Nara was the capital of Japan from 710 to 784.  The city's historic structures show what life was like in the Japanese capital in the 8th century.

All of the shrine and temple compounds have been recognized as "Historic Sites". The Nara Palace has been named as a "Special Historic Site".  The Kasugayama forest is a Special "Natural Monument".

The several properties include 26 buildings which have been named by the Japanese Government as "National Treasures". Also, there are 53 buildings which have been named as "Important Cultural Properties". 

In 1998, UNESCO listed parts of Nara as a World Heritage Site.

Table

Related pages 
List of World Heritage Sites in Japan

References

Other websites

Nara
Nara
Nara
University of Valparaíso

University of Valparaíso () is a Chilean university. It is part of the Chilean Traditional Universities in Valparaíso.

Other websites 
Official website 

Colleges and universities in Chile
Valparaíso
1981 establishments in Chile
Historic Monuments of Ancient Kyoto (Kyoto, Uji and Otsu Cities)

Historic Monuments of Ancient Kyoto (Kyoto, Uji and Otsu Cities) is the UNESCO World Heritage Site in Kyoto in Kyoto Prefecture, Japan. 

The site covers 17 locations in three cities  in Kyoto, in Uji (Kyoto Prefecture) and in Ōtsu (Shiga Prefecture). Three of these places are Shinto shrines and 13 are Buddhist temples. A castle is also included in the group.

History
Kyoto was Japan's capital city from 794 until the late-19th century. Some of the city's historic structures show what life was like in the capital in those centuries.

The World Heritage Site has 17 properties which were established between the 10th century and the 19th century.  Each is representative of the period in which it was built.

The several properties include 38 buildings which have been identified by the Japanese Government as "National Treasures".  There are 160 properties which have been named as "Important Cultural Properties".  There are 8 gardens which have been recognized as "Special Places of Scenic Beauty".  There are 4 designated  as "Places of Scenic Beauty". 

In 1994, UNESCO listed parts of Kyoto as a World Heritage Site.

Table

Related pages 
 List of World Heritage Sites in Japan

References

Other websites 

 Kyoto City, "World Heritage Historic Monuments of Ancient Kyoto"
 Kyoto Prefecture, World's Cultural Heritage 
       

World Heritage Sites in Japan
Buildings and structures in Kyoto Prefecture
Japanese culture
Vredefort crater

Vredefort crater is the largest verified impact crater on Earth. That means we know for certain it was caused by an asteroid or meteorite strike.  The crater is in the Free State Province of South Africa.  

In 2005, the Vredefort Dome was added to the list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites as a natural site of geologic interest.

Formation and structure
The asteroid that hit Vredefort was one of the largest ever to strike Earth since the Hadean eon. The Vredefort hit was some two billion years ago. The bolide is thought to have been about 5–10 km (3–6 miles) in diameter. 

The crater has a diameter of roughly , larger than the  Sudbury Basin and the  Chicxulub crater. This makes Vredefort the largest known impact structure on Earth. If the Wilkes Land crater in Antarctica is an impact crater then it is the largest known at  diameter.

The Vredefort crater's age is about two billion (109) years ago, which puts it in the Palaeoproterozoic era. It is the second-oldest known crater on Earth, a little less than 300 million years younger than the Suavjärvi crater in Russia. In comparison, it is about 10% older than the Sudbury Basin impact (at 1.849 billion years).

It was originally thought that the crater was formed by a volcanic explosion, but in the mid 1990s evidence showed that it was the site of a huge bolide impact. Telltale shatter cones were discovered in the bed of the nearby Vaal River. 

The Vredefort crater site is one of the few multi-ringed impact craters on Earth, although they are more common elsewhere in the Solar System. Perhaps the best-known example is Valhalla crater on Jupiter's moon Callisto, although Earth's Moon has a number as well. Geological processes, such as erosion and plate tectonics, have destroyed most multi-ring craters on Earth.

The nearby Bushveld Igneous Complex (BIC) and Witwatersrand Basin were created during this same period, leading to speculation that the bolide was big and fast enough to cause local volcanism. The BIC is where most of the world's known reserves of platinum group metals (PGMs) are found, while the Witwatersrand basin holds most of the known reserves of gold.

The Vredefort dome in the center of the crater is home to three towns: Parys, Vredefort and Koppies.

References 

World Heritage Sites in Africa
Impact craters
Geography of South Africa
Chinese Crested Dog

The Chinese crested dog is a hairless dog breed. The breed probably did not actually come from China. It is the most common hairless dog breed. However, some of them do have fur. Other hairless dog breeds are the American Hairless Terrier, Mexican Hairless Dog, Peruvian Hairless Dog, and Hairless Khala. Hairless Chinese cresteds often win the World's Ugliest Dog Contest, which takes place every year in Petaluma, California.

The Chinese crested is a friendly, intelligent animal.

References

Dog breeds
Universitat d'Andorra

The University of Andorra ( is a public school of higher education.  It was formed in 1997. It is the only university in Andorra. The university has a school of nursing, a school of management and computer science, and a center for online studies.

References

Andorra
Colleges and universities in Europe
1997 establishments in Europe
Telephone numbers in Andorra

Telephone numbers in Andorra are six digits, with fixed line numbers beginning with the digits 8 and 7 and mobile telephone numbers with the digits 3, 4 and 6.

Until 17 December 1994, Andorra was part of the French numbering plan, with the prefix 0628. Since 1994, Andorra has its own country code +376. 

Country Code: +376
International Call Prefix: 00
Trunk Prefix: none

Telephone numbers
Andorra
List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita

This is a list of countries of the world sorted by their gross domestic product (GDP) per capita. GDP per capita is a measurement used to determine economic growth and potential increases in productivity and is calculated by taking the GDP and dividing it by the total population in the country. It is used to describe the standard of living of a population, with a higher gross domestic product per capita country ranking a higher standard of living is possible for its population. Although GDP per capita is an important and widely used indicator of countries’ level of economic welfare, "consumption per capita" may be more useful for comparing the relative welfare of consumers across various countries. GDP is the worth of all goods and services made in a country in a year. PPP is for purchasing power parity and it means how much money would be needed to buy the same item in two different countries. Per capita consumption is the yearly use of goods and services by each person. Per capita means per person.

References

GDP (PPP) per capita
List of countries by GDP (nominal)

This is a list of countries of the world sorted by their gross domestic product (GDP). GDP is the worth of all goods and services made in a country in a year.

References

nominal
Varicose veins

Varicose veins are a condition in which the veins in the leg area have become enlarged. If veins have become varicose, the leaflets of the valves do not work properly, and in turn, the vein valves themselves won't work. The blood then flows backwards, at which point the veins then start to increase. This condition is most common in superficial veins which involve the legs. The condition not only causes cosmetic troubles, it also creates itching and painful problems.

References 

Diseases and disorders of the cardiovascular system
Blood vessels
Emblem of Angola

The Emblem of Angola is the national emblem. It shows the recent past of the new nation.  There are Marxist pictures.

In the center is a machete and hoe.  These show the revolution through which the nation gained independence, and the importance of agricultural workers.  Above both emblems is a red star.  The red star is often in many socialist images.  The rising sun is the normal symbol of a new beginning.  The half cog-wheel is for the industrial workers.  The half vine of coffee and cotton leaves is for the coffee and cotton industry.

At the bottom is an open book that is for education. A banner reads "Republic of Angola" at the bottom, in Portuguese.

Historical coats of arms

Angola
Angola
1990 establishments
1990s establishments in Africa
20th-century establishments in Angola
Angola Avante

Angola Avante! is the national anthem of Angola. It means "Forward Angola!".  Manuel Rui Alves Monteiro wrote the words. Rui Alberto Vieira Dias Mingas wrote the music.

It was started in 1975 after independence from Portugal.

Angola
National anthems
1975 establishments in Africa
1970s establishments in Angola
Chokwe language

Chokwe is the Bantu language spoken by the Chokwe people.  It is used in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Angola and Zambia. It is a national language of Angola.

Bantu languages
South Mbundu language

South Mbundu, or Umbundu is a language used by the Southern Mbundu people.  They live in the central highlands of Angola. Umbundu is the most widespread Bantu language in Angola. About one third of Angola is the Ovimbundu people.

References
Schadeberg, Thilo C. (1982) 'Nasalization in Umbundu', Journal of African Languages and Linguistics, 4, 2, 109-132.
Gladwyn M. Childs 'Umbundu Kinship and Character: Being a Description of Social Structure and Individual Development of the Ovimbundu', London: Oxford University Press, 1949.  .

Bantu languages
Languages of Africa
Kimbundu

North Mbundu, or Kimbundu, is one of two Bantu languages called Mbundu (see Umbundu).  It is one of the most widely spoken Bantu languages in Angola.  It is mostly in the north-west of the country, notably in the Luanda Province, the Bengo Province, the Malanje Province and the Cuanza Norte Province. It is spoken by the Ambundu.

References

Bantu languages
Languages of Africa
Ganguela

Ganguela (pronunciation: gang'ela) or Nganguela is the name of a small ethnic group living in Angola.

All of these people live on agriculture, on the upbreeding of small animals, and from gathering wild fruit, honey and other eatable items. Each group has their own language.

Ethnic groups in Africa
Kwanyama

Kwanyama or Oshikwanyama is a national language of Angola and Namibia. It is a dialect of the Ovambo language.

References

 

Languages of Africa
Bantu languages
Bengo Province

Bengo is a province of Angola. Its capital is Caxito. There are about 450,000 people.

The province is bordered by the provinces of Zaire to the North, Uige to the Northeast, Cuanza Norte to the East, and Cuanza Sul to the South. The Kissama National Park and the Kibinda Forest Reserve are here. 

Provinces of Angola
Benguela Province

Benguela is a province of Angola. Its capital is Benguela.  There are about 600,000 people.

Provinces of Angola
Bié Province

Bié is a province of Angola. It is on the Bié Plateau in central part of country. The capital is Kuito. There are about 800,000 people. 

The climate of Bié is fresh.  The large amount of rainfall makes possible the culture of corn, sugar cane, rice, coffee and peanuts. The ground is one of the most fertile of Angola.

The Cuanza River flows through the province.

Civil War

Bié was greatly affected by the Civil War. Agriculture stopped in several areas.  Some of the rural population fled to the cities. The province capital Kuito was partly destroyed by bombing.

Provinces of Angola
Cabinda Province

Cabinda (also spelled Kabinda, formerly Portuguese Congo) is a province of Angola. The capital city is also called Cabinda. The province is divided into four municipalities - Belize, Buco Zau, Cabinda and Landana.

There are about 357,576 people.

Cabinda is separated from the rest of Angola by a narrow strip of land of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Cabinda is bordered on the north by the Republic of the Congo, and on the west by the Atlantic Ocean.

While the civil war in Angola ended in 2002, there is still fighting in Cabinda.

Provinces of Angola
Australian Fossil Mammal Sites (Riversleigh)

Riversleigh in north west Queensland, Australia, is one of the Australian Fossil Mammal Sites listed by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site. The other is the Naracoorte Caves National Park in South Australia. The Riversleigh site is part of the Boodjamulla National Park. The fossil site covers an area of about 100 km².

The fossils that have been found are the remains of ancient mammals, birds and reptiles of Oligocene and Miocene epochs. The site was listed as a World Heritage site in 1994. The fossils at Riversleigh are rare because they are found in soft freshwater limestone which has not been compressed. This means the animal remains retain their three dimensional shape.

Fossils
Fossils at Riversleigh are found in limestone by lime-rich freshwater pools, and in caves. They are from when the ecosystem was evolving from rich rainforest to semi-arid grassland. Thirty-five fossil bat species have been found at the site, which is the richest in the world. A skull, complete with all its teeth, of a 15 million-year-old monotreme, Obdurodon dicksoni, shows how this Australia group of animals evolved. Fossil ancestors of the extinct thylacine, Thylacinus cynocephalus, have also been found at Riversleigh. In 1993, Nimbadon skulls were found in newly discovered cave.  Scientists think this prehistoric marsupial first appeared about 15 million years ago and died out about 12 million years ago, perhaps from the effects of climate change. Other fossils have shown how the koala has changed in response to Australia's change from rainforest to drier eucalypt forests.

Fossils found at Riversleigh
Mammals
Ekaltadeta, a carnivorous rat-kangaroo
Burramys, the Mountain Pygmy Possum
Nimbacinus, an ancestor of the Thylacine
Obdurodon, a giant platypus
Yarala, a tube-nosed bandicoot
Yalkaparidon, a strange marsupial
Wakaleo, a marsupial lion
Priscileo, a marsupial lion
Nimiokoala, an ancient koala
Nimbadon, a sheep-like marsupial

Birds
Pengana, a flexible-footed bird of prey
Menura tyawanoides, a prehistoric lyrebird
The first fossil record of the Orthonychidae (logrunner) family

Reptiles
Trilophosuchus, a tree-dwelling crocodile
Baru, the cleaver-headed crocodile
Yurlunggur, and Wonambi, extinct snakes (Madtsoiidae)

References
Archer, M. et al. 1991. Riversleigh: the Story of Australia's Inland Rainforests, (Sydney: Reed Books).

Other websites
World heritage listing for Riversleigh
UNESCO site with information on Riversleigh, Australia
Australian site about Riversleigh 
Information about fossils from Riversleigh, Australian Museum
The Riversleigh Society supports scientific research at Riversleigh

World Heritage Sites in Australia
Protected areas of Queensland
Australian National Heritage List
Lagerstätten
Kwikset

Kwikset is an American lock and door hardware manufacturer. Kwikset makes low to medium security residential and light commercial door locks. The Kwikset KW1 keyway is used by many other lock manufacturers. Kwikset recently introduced the SmartKey lock, which allows instant rekeying without removing the lock from the door, and without removing or replacing the core. The SmartKey lock uses the same KW1 key used in other Kwikset locks. The SmartKey lock is more difficult to pick than the standard Kwikset lock, although it is easier to force open.

Locks
Companies based in California
1946 establishments
Hiroshima Peace Memorial (Genbaku Dome)

Hiroshima Peace Memorial, also called the Atomic Bomb Dome or , is in central Hiroshima, Japan. It is part of the Hiroshima Peace Memorial Park. UNESCO named the dome a World Heritage Site in 1996. The dome is the ruined Hiroshima Prefectural Products Exhibition Hall. It was kept as a memorial to the people who were killed in the atomic bombing of Hiroshima on August 6, 1945. The bombing killed 70,000 people instantly, and another 70,000 died later from the radiation.

History 
Czech architect Jan Letzel designed the building. It was completed in April 1915 and was named the Hiroshima Prefectural Commercial Exhibition. It was opened to the public in August that year. In 1921 the name was changed to the Hiroshima Prefectural Products Exhibition Hall. Finally in 1933, the name changed to the Hiroshima Prefectural Industrial Promotion Hall.

Atomic bombing 

At 8:15 on August 6, 1945, the first atomic bomb to be used in war exploded almost directly above the dome. Everyone inside the building was killed instantly,but the building was not totally destroyed. There was more downward force on the building, but less side-to-side force right under the center of the explosion.

After the war
At first, the city planned to tear down the building, but did not because it was not as badly damaged. Some people wanted to remove the building, but others wanted to keep it. The city of Hiroshima was rebuilt around the ruined dome. In 1966 the city said that it planned to keep the building. As of July 2011, two construction projects kept the Dome from falling.

In December 1996, UNESCO added the A-Bomb Dome to the World Heritage List. Not everyone supported this decision. The United States did not join the decision. China said that the monument could take attention away from the countries that were victims of Japan during the war. Many more people died because of Japanese attacks in those countries. The United States said that having a memorial to a war site would not tell the whole history of the bombing.

Gallery

Related pages 
 List of World Heritage Sites in Japan

References

Other websites 

 Hiroshima Atomic Bomb Dome
 Entry on UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) website
 Official page
 Trade Promotion Hall

World Heritage Sites in Japan
Buildings and structures in Japan
Hiroshima
1915 establishments
1910s establishments in Japan
Elisha Cuthbert

Elisha Ann Cuthbert Phaneuf (born 30 November 1982) is a Canadian actress. She was born in Calgary, Alberta. She grew up in Greenfield Park, Quebec.

Cuthbert played Kim Bauer in 24. She starred as the title character in The Girl Next Door. She played one of the main characters in the sitcom Happy Endings. She was on the 2013 TV series 24/7.  Cuthbert played Lizzy on the 2015 tv sitcom One Big Happy.

Other websites 

1982 births
Living people
Actors from Calgary
Actors from Quebec
Canadian child actors
Canadian movie actors
Canadian television actors
The Italian Job

The Italian Job is a 1969 British comedy-drama crime movie. It is about a gang of British criminals who rob an armoured van of its gold cargo in Turin, Italy. It stars Michael Caine, Noel Coward and Benny Hill. It was written by Troy Kennedy Martin and directed by Peter Collinson.

Other websites 

1969 comedy movies
1969 drama movies
1960s comedy-drama movies
1969 crime movies
British comedy-drama movies
British crime drama movies
British criminal comedy movies
Chase movies
English-language movies
Heist movies
Movies set in Italy
Movies directed by Peter Collinson
Cuando Cubango Province

Cuando Cubango is a province of Angola.  There are about 140,000 people. Menongue is the capital of the province. 

The name of the province is from the Cuando and Cubango rivers.  They both flow through the province.

This area had the endangered Painted Hunting Dog.  The land was destroyed during the Cuban intervention years. The Painted Hunting Dog is no longer there.

In the 1980s and 1990s, Cuando Cubango was the main base camp of Angola's UNITA rebel movement.

References 
 , 9780415350150 354 pages
 C. Michael Hogan. 2009. Painted Hunting Dog: Lycaon pictus, GlobalTwitcher.com, ed. N. Stromberg

Line notes 

Provinces of Angola
Cuanza Norte Province

Cuanza Norte or Kwanza Norte is a province of Angola. N'Dalantando is the capital. There are about 400,000 people. The Capanda Dam is in this province. Cuanza Norte is on the northern bank of the Cuanza River.

Provinces of Angola
Cuanza Sul Province

Cuanza Sul is a province of Angola. There are 1 881 873 people (2014). Sumbe is the capital. Cuanza Sul is on the south bank of the Cuanza River.

Provinces of Angola
Cunene Province

Cunene is a province of Angola. There are about 200,000 to 300,000 people.  Ondjiva is the capital. It is the only city in this province. Cunene is north of the Cunene River.

Provinces of Angola
Salmacis

In Greek mythology, Salmacis was a naiad nymph of a spring at Caria in Asia Minor. She didn't follow the other nymphs of the goddess Diana and united bodies with Hermaphroditus becoming a single being, both male and female.

"There dwelt a Nymph, not up for hunting or archery:
unfit for footraces. She the only Naiad not in Diana’s band.
Often her sisters would say: “Pick up a javelin, or
bristling quiver, and interrupt your leisure for the chase!
But she would not pick up a javelin or arrows,
nor trade leisure for the chase.
Instead she would bathe her beautiful limbs and tend to her hair,
with her waters as a mirror."

Ovid, Metamorphoses. Book IV, 306-312.

According to Ovid's myth, she fell in love with Hermaphroditus, the son of Hermes and Aphrodite. When he bathed in her spring, she embraced him and prayed to the gods to be united with him forever, the gods heard her prayer and merged their bodies together, transforming Hermaphroditus into an androgynous being. Hermaphroditus then cursed the spring of Salmacis, so that any man who drank or bathed in its water would also become androgynous.

Other websites

 hermaphroditus and salmacis art
The Wish of Salmacis
The Pool of Salmacis
Salmacis and hermaphroditus 

Nymphs
Huambo Province

Huambo is a province of Angola. There are about 1.9 million people in the province.  The capital is also called Huambo.  Huambo is the richest agricultural province in Angola.

Provinces of Angola
Huíla Province

Huíla is a province of Angola. There are about 700,000 people. Lubango is the capital. The Bicuari National Park is in Huíla Province.

Provinces of Angola
Luanda Province

Luanda is a province of Angola. There were 1,823,282 people in 2006. Luanda is the capital of the province and the country.  

Provinces of Angola
Historic Monuments and Sites of Hiraizumi

Historic Monuments and Sites of Hiraizumi is the UNESCO World Heritage Site in Hiraizumi in Iwate Prefecture, Japan.

The site covers 5 locations. Four of these places are  Buddhist temples. The sacred Mount Kinkeisan is also included in the group The properties and their buffer zones are covered by a range of Japanese government protections as historic sites and places of scenic beauty.

History
Hiraizumi was an important political, military, commercial, and cultural centre from the late-11th century until the late 12th-century.  This time was marked by the building and endowment of Buddhist temples, art and gardens.

Pure Land Buddhism developed a concept of planning and garden design that was unique to Japan.

The four Pure Land gardens of Hiraizumi show the ideals of Pure Land Buddhism.  The gardens also show Japanese concepts about the relationship between gardens, water and the surrounding landscape.

The four gardens were developed by the Ōshū Fujiwara clan.  The poet Matsuo Bashō was inspired by this Fujiwara legacy.  In 1689, Bashō wrote: "Three generations of glory vanished in the space of a dream ...."

In 2011, UNESCO listed parts of Hiraizumi as a World Heritage Site.

Locations

Related pages
 List of World Heritage Sites in Japan

References

Other websites

 Hiraizumi City, Hiraizumi - World Heritage 
 Iwate Prefecture, http://www.pref.iwate.jp/~hp0907/sekaiisan/index.html 
 http://www.chusonji.or.jp/en/index.html 
 http://www.motsuji.or.jp/english/index.php 

Hiraizumi
Hiraizumi
Hiraizumi
Lunda Norte Province

Lunda Norte is a province of Angola. There are about 850,000 people. Angola's first President, Agostino Neto, made Lucapa the capital after independence.  It was later moved to Dundo.  The province is rich in diamonds, but is underdeveloped and poor.

Provinces of Angola
Lunda Sul Province

Lunda Sul is a province of Angola. There are about 125,000 people. Saurimo is the capital. This region has many diamonds.

Provinces of Angola
Malanje Province

Malanje is a province of Angola. There are about 900,000 people. Malanje is the capital of the province. The Milando Reserve Park is also here.

Provinces of Angola
Moxico

Moxico is the largest province of Angola. There are about 230,000 people. Luena is the capital of the province. The Cameia National Park is located in Moxico.

References

Provinces of Angola
Namibe Province

Namibe is a province of Angola.  It was called Moçâmedes when under Portuguese rule. There were 313,667people in 2006. The port and city of Namibe is the capital. Iona National Park is also located there.

Late Cretaceous fossils of sharks, turtles, mosasaurs, plesiosaurs and sauropods were found near the Bentiaba desert.

References

Provinces of Angola
Uíge Province

Uíge (pronounced: "Weej"),  is one of the eighteen provinces of Angola. It is in the northwestern part of the country. The capital city is Uíge. There are 500,000 people.  The Beu Forest Reserve is in the province.

The province was badly damaged during the long civil war.  Many buildings were destroyed.  Many people had to move.

References

Provinces of Angola
Zaire Province

Zaire is one of the 18 provinces of Angola.  It is in the north west of the country.  There are about 600,000 people.  M'Banza Kongo is the capital of the province.

Provinces of Angola
Caxito

Caxito  is a town and commune in Angola.  It is the capital of Bengo Province.

The northern line of Angolan Railways passes through.

References

Cities in Angola
Benguela

Benguela (São Felipe de Benguela, formerly spelled Benguella)  is a city in western Angola.  It is the capital of Benguela Province. Benguela is one of Angola's largest cities.

Cities in Angola
Kuito

Kuito (also spelled Cuito) is a city in central Angola. It is the capital of Bié Province.

Cities in Angola