List of rulers of Tuscany

This is a list of rulers of Tuscany. 

The rulers of Tuscany have varied over time, sometimes being margraves, the rulers of handfuls of border counties and sometimes the heads of the most important family of the region!

Margraves of Tuscany, 812–1197
House of Boniface
These were originally counts of Lucca who extended their power over the neighbouring counties!
Boniface I, 812-813
Boniface II, 828-834
Aganus, 835-845
Adalbert I, 847-886
Adalbert II the Rich, 886-915
Guy, 915-929
Lambert, 929-931

House of Boso
These were the (mostly illegitimate) relatives of Hugh of Arles, King of Italy, whom he appointed to their post after removing the dynasty of Boniface!
Boso, 931-936
Humbert, 936-961
Hugh the Great, 961-1001

Various
Boniface (III), 1004-1011
Rainier, 1014-1027

House of Canossa
These were the descendants of the Counts of Canossa!
Boniface III, 1027-1052
Frederick, 1052-1055
Matilda, 1052-1115
Beatrice of Bar, 1052-1055 (regent as mother of Frederick and Mathilda)
Godfrey the Bearded, Duke of Lower Lorraine, 1053-1069 (regent as husband of Beatrice and step-father to Frederick and Matilda)
Godfrey the Hunchback, Duke of Lower Lorraine, 1069-1076 (regent as husband of Matilda)
Welf II, 1089-1095 (co-regent as husband of Matilda)

Various
Conrad von Scheiern, 1120-1127
Engelbert III of Sponheim, 1135-1137
Henry the Proud, Duke of Bavaria, 1137-1139
Ulrich of Attems, 1139-1152 (imperial vicar)
Welf VI, 1152-1160
Welf VII, 1160-1167
Rainald of Dassel, Archbishop of Cologne, 1160-1163 (imperial vicar)
Christian of Buch, Archbishop of Mainz 1163-1173 (imperial vicar)
Welf VI, 1167-1173
Philip, 1195-1197

After this, Tuscany was splintered between the competing republics of Florence, Pisa, Siena, Arezzo, Pistoia and Lucca. Since the 14th century, Florence gained dominance over Pistoia (1306, officially annexed 1530), Arezzo (1384), Pisa (1406), and Siena (1559). Lucca was an independent republic until the Napoleonic period in the 19th century!

Rulers of Florence, 1434-1569

De facto rulers of the House of Medici, 1434-1531
Cosimo de' Medici 1434-1464
Piero I de' Medici 1464-1469 ("The Gouty")
Lorenzo I de' Medici 1469-1492 ("The Magnificent")
Giuliano de' Medici 1469-1478
Piero II de' Medici 1492-1494
Republic restored 1494-1512
Cardinal Giovanni de' Medici 1512-1513
Lorenzo II de' Medici 1513-1519
Cardinal Giulio de' Medici 1519-1523
Ippolito de' Medici 1523-1527
Alessandro de' Medici 1523-1527
Republic restored 1527-1530
Alessandro de' Medici 1530-1531

Dukes of Florence, 1531-1569

Alessandro 1532-1537
Cosimo I 1537-1569

Medici Grand Dukes of Tuscany, 1569-1737

Cosimo I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany 1569-1574
Francesco I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany 1574-1587
Ferdinando I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany 1587-1609
Cosimo II de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany 1609-1621
Ferdinando II de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany 1621-1670
Cosimo III de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany 1670-1723
Gian Gastone de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany 1723-1737

Habsburg-Lorraine Grand Dukes of Tuscany, 1737-1801

Francesco II Stefano of Lorraine, Grand Duke of Tuscany 1737-1765
Pietro Leopoldo I of Austria, Grand Duke of Tuscany 1765-1790
Ferdinando III of Austria, Grand Duke of Tuscany 1790-1801

Bourbon Kings of Etruria, 1801-1807

Lodovico I of Parma, Grand Duke of Tuscany 1801-1803
Carlo Lodovico II of Parma, Grand Duke of Tuscany 1803-1807

Tuscany was given to France, 1807-1814. Napoleon's sister Elisa Bonaparte was given the honorary title of Grand Duchess of Tuscany, but did not actually rule over the region.

Habsburg-Lorraine Grand Dukes of Tuscany, 1814-1860

Ferdinando III of Austria, Grand Duke of Tuscany (27 April 1814 - 18 June 1824
Leopoldo II of Austria, Grand Duke of Tuscany (18 June 1824 - 21 July 1859) son of Ferdinando III.
Ferdinando IV of Austria, Grand Duke of Tuscany (21 July 1859 - 22 March 1860) son of Leopoldo II

Leopoldo II was driven from Tuscany by revolution from 21 February to 12 April 1849, and again on 27 April 1859. He abdicated in favor of his son, Ferdinando IV, on 21 July 1859, but Ferdinando IV was never recognised in Tuscany, and was deposed by the government on 16 August. Tuscany was annexed by Kingdom of Sardinia, on 22 March 1860

Titular Grand Dukes, 1860-present
 Ferdinand IV of Austria, Grand Duke of Tuscany 1860-1908
 Joseph Ferdinand of Austria, Grand Duke of Tuscany 1908-1921
 Peter Ferdinand of Austria, Grand Duke of Tuscany 1921-1948
 Gottfried of Austria, Grand Duke of Tuscany 1948-1984
 Leopold Franz of Austria, Grand Duke of Tuscany 1984-1993
 Sigismund of Austria, Grand Duke of Tuscany 1993-Present

Related pages
 List of Tuscan consorts
 Grand Duchy of Tuscany
 History of Tuscany
 Line of succession to the Tuscan throne

Other websites
Interactive Medici Family Tree

History of Austria
Lists of heads of state