cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Extortion

In law, extortion is a criminal offense. It is obtaining money, property, or service from a person or institution, through coercion. This may be by threat to a victim, to their property or family. It may also be by false claim (such as claiming to be a public official). Another form of extortion is offering a business owner "protection"; for example, to keep the business free from vandalism or burglary. In all states of the United States extortion is a felony.

Extortion may be in person, by telephone, mail, e-mail, text message or any form of wireless communication. If the extortion involves any form of interstate commerce, it may be a federal crime. It may involve the threat of hacking.

Extortion, like robbery and blackmail, are crimes that involve obtaining property by illegal means. The most serious of the three is robbery because it usually involves violence against the victim. Blackmail is a form of extortion. The threat is usually making damaging or embarrassing information public if demands are not met. The legal definition of extortion varies from one jurisdiction to another. In some states, extortion is only charged against public officials while the same act committed by a private individual is charged as blackmail.

References 

Law
Legal terms
Sonja Henie

Sonja Henie (8 April 1912 – 12 October 1969) was a famous Norwegian ice skater and movie star who was born in Oslo. She was a three-time Olympic Champion (1928, 1932, 1936) in Ladies' Singles, a ten-time World Champion (1927–1936) and a six-time European Champion (1931–1936). In 1936 she became a professional skater. Later she decided to become a movie star. At the height of her acting career she was one of the highest paid stars in Hollywood. Henie's connections with Adolf Hitler and other high-ranking Nazi officials made her the subject of controversy before, during, and after World War II. Sonja Henie ruled the " queen of ice" in her life and she still was one of the most influential people in figure skating.

References 

 

1912 births
1969 deaths

Actors from Oslo
Figure skaters
Norwegian movie actors
Norwegian Olympians
Olympic gold medalists
Marie Thérèse of France

Marie Thérèse of France (Marie Thérèse Charlotte; 19 December 1778 – 19 October 1851), Madame Royale, was the eldest child of Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette. After her marriage to her cousin, Louis Antoine, Duke of Angoulême, the eldest son of the future Charles X, she was known as the Duchess of Angoulême. She became the Dauphine of France upon the accession of her father-in-law to the throne of France in 1824. Technically she was Queen of France for twenty minutes, on 2 August 1830. This was between the time her father-in-law signed the instrument of abdication and the time her husband, reluctantly, signed the same document.

References 

French people
Noisy miner

The noisy miner (Manorina melanocephala) is a small grey bird with a black head and yellow eyes. This bird is common in the gardens of eastern Australian homes, but is not seen in Western Australia or the Northern Territory. The genus puts it in a large group of honey-eating birds. The species is a Latin word meaning "black-headed."

The noisy miner is a native of Australia, and one of the few native birds that is thriving in cities and suburbs.  In  some parts of Australia the number of noisy miners has grown to the point that it is driving out smaller birds like the wrens.  It prefers gardens with open spaces and lawns. 
 
It usually eats the nectar from garden flowers, mostly on grevilleas, however it also walks around on grass picking up and eating small insects. 

It is highly aggressive when other birds enter its area of garden or bush, and it flocks together with other nearby noisy miners to make small defensive groups called 'coteries' of four or five which cooperate to drive off kookaburras or magpies.  Sometimes they join together into even larger 'colonies' with up to a hundred or so birds.

The female will lay between two and four eggs in her nest, and food will be bought to the mother and her chicks by quite a few males in the coterie.  Bringing up the chicks is often done by the whole group.  They breed at any time in the year so there are often young noisy miners in the group. The younger birds usually have feathers and face colouring very similar to the adult birds, so it is often difficult to tell the difference.

They are sometimes called native miners, native mynas or native mynahs (actually an Indian spelling), and, in older bird books they might have up to twelve different names.  At one time they were thought to be mainly bee-eaters, but they eat the nectar of Australian native flowers. They are also known to eat fruit and insects, and at times small reptiles and amphibians. While the name is often spelled myna, or mynah, they are not related to the introduced brown/black-feathered "Indian" or "Common mynah" which is usually slightly larger and often found in the same area.

Miner calls 

As the common name suggests, the noisy miner is a noisy species. It has a large variety of songs, calls, scoldings and alarms, most of which are harsh single notes. It has a special alarm call which is only used when the threat comes from a large bird flying overhead, and a different alarm call when intruders like humans and dogs enter their territory. A study of the bird found that those who lived in a noisy urban area were able to make their alarm call louder so it could be heard.

References

Other websites

Birds of Australia
Martin E. Brooks

Martin E. Brooks (born Martin Baum; November 30, 1925 – December 7, 2015) was an American character actor. He was known for playing scientist Dr. Rudy Wells in the television series The Six Million Dollar Man (1973–1978) and its spin-off, The Bionic Woman (1976–1978). He played Wells in three television movies: The Return of the Six-Million-Dollar Man and the Bionic Woman (1987), Bionic Showdown: The Six Million Dollar Man and the Bionic Woman (1989) and Bionic Ever After? (1994). He had roles in Knots Landing, General Hospital, and Dallas. He also appeared in many Broadway productions. Brooks also wrote two novels.

Brooks was born in The Bronx, New York. He grew up in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania. He served his country as a paratrooper during World War II.

Brooks died from natural causes on December 7, 2015 in Los Angeles, California. He was 90.

References

Other websites
 

1925 births
2015 deaths
Actors from New York City
Actors from Pennsylvania
American military personnel of World War II
American movie actors
American stage actors
American television actors
Deaths from natural causes
People from the Bronx
People from Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania
Nancy Lopez

Nancy Marie Lopez (born January 6, 1957) is an American professional golfer. She was born in Torrance, California. She became a member of the LPGA Tour in 1977 and won 48 LPGA Tour events, including three major championships. 

During her first full season on the LPGA Tour in 1978, Lopez won nine tournaments, including five consecutive. She appeared on the cover of Sports Illustrated in July of that year. She also won the Vare Trophy for lowest scoring average, LPGA Rookie of the Year, LPGA Player of the Year and was named the Associated Press Female Athlete of the Year. She won another eight times in 1979. Lopez has won multiple times in each year from 1980 to 1984, although she played only half-seasons in 1983 and 1984 due to the birth of her first child.

Lopez was considered the best golfer of her time. She was also considered outstanding at putting. She was also known for her kindness.

References 

1957 births
Living people
American golfers
People from Torrance, California
Sportspeople from Los Angeles County, California
Meadowlark Lemon

Meadow "Meadowlark" Lemon III (April 25, 1932 – December 27, 2015) was an American basketball player, actor, and Christian minister. For 22 years, Lemon was known as the "Clown Prince" of the touring Harlem Globetrotters basketball team.

Lemon played in more than 16,000 games for the Globetrotters and is a 2003 inductee of the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame. He was born in Wilmington, North Carolina.

He studied at a historically black college, Florida A&M University in 1952, but was drafted into the US Army before he could finish. The Globetrotters first became aware of Lemon in 1954 while he was in Austria in the army and they were touring Europe.

Lemon died on December 27, 2015 in Scottsdale, Arizona, aged 83.

The White House 
Lemon visited the White House to meet President Gerald Ford and First Lady, Betty Ford in 1974.

Lemon says: "I was also a good friend of the Reagan's [sic] because I'm also an actor. I worked closely with Nancy Reagan on her 'Just say no to drugs' program." This was a program started by First Lady Reagan to discourage illegal drug use by young people.

Later life 
A born-again Christian, Lemon became an ordained minister in 1986. He received a Doctor of Divinity degree from Vision International University in San Diego, California, in 1988.

In 2009, Lemon became a part-owner of the Smoky Mountain Jam of the American Basketball Association. This was a semi-professional men's basketball league that was formed in 1999.

References

Other websites 

 Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Famers: Biography for Meadowlark Lemon 
 Meadowlark Lemon at IMDb

1932 births
2015 deaths
African-American basketball players
Sportspeople from North Carolina
People from Wilmington, North Carolina
American basketball players
Olga Korbut

Olga Valentinovna Korbut (born May 16, 1955 in Grodno, Belarus), also known as the "Sparrow from Minsk", is a retired Belarusian gymnast. She won four gold medals and two silver medals at the Summer Olympic Games, in which she competed in 1972 and 1976 for the Soviet team. She could do backwards flips from the balance beam and uneven parallel bars, when no one else could. 

After her retirement from gymnastics, she became a teacher.

References 

1955 births
Living people
Belarusian sportspeople
Gymnasts
Medalists at the 1972 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 1976 Summer Olympics
Soviet Olympic gold medalists
Soviet Olympic silver medalists
Teachers
Kayapo people

The Kayapo (Portuguese: Caiapó ) people are an indigenous people in Brazil. They are found along the plain islands of the Mato Grosso and Pará in Brazil, south of the Amazon Basin and along Rio Xingu and its tributaries. Kayapo call themselves "Mebengokre", which means "people of the wellspring". Kayapo people also call outsiders "Poanjos".

Location
The Kayapo tribe live alongside the Xingu River in the eastern part of the Amazon Rainforest, near the Amazon basin. They live in several scattered villages ranging in population from, one hundred to one thousand people in Brazil. Their land consists of tropical rainforest savannah (grassland). It is arguably the largest tropical protected area in the world covering 11,346,326 million hectares. They have small hills scattered around their land and the area is criss-crossed by river valleys. The larger rivers feed into numerous pools and creeks, most of which don’t have official names.

In 2010, there was an estimated 8,638 Kayapo people. which is an increase from 7,096 in 2003.  Subgroups of the Kayapo include the Xikrin, Gorotire, Mekranoti and Metyktire. Their villages typically consist of a dozen huts. A centrally located hut serves as a meeting place for village men to discuss community issues. One of the Kayapo tribes, all of the women shave a distinctive V shape into their scalp.

References 

South American people
Territorialism

Territorialism may refer to: 
Feudalism
Jewish territorialism
land tenure
Territorialist School in Italy
Tiberius Claudius Cogidubnus

Tiberius Claudius Cogidubnus was a 1st century king of the Regnenses in early Roman Britain. Cogidubnus ruled at Chichester.<ref name=Collingwood85.87>R G Collingwood; J N L Myres, Roman Britain and the English Settlements (New York, NY: Biblo and Tannen, 1998), pp. 85–87</ref> When the Roman Emperor Claudius conquered Britain he set himself up at Colchester and received the submission of the various tribes. Cogidubnus was one of those who submitted to him. Claudius confirmed Cogidubnus' kingdom and even expanded its borders. Cogidubnus was given the unusual title rex legatus Augusti in Britannia''. When Cogidubnus became a Roman citizen he took the name "Tiberius Claudius Cogidubnus". He was a loyal client-king to the Romans. He convinced his people to remain loyal to india

.

References 

History of England
Oxford University Press

Oxford University Press (OUP) is the largest university press in the world, and the second-oldest, after Cambridge University Press. It is a department of the University of Oxford. It is governed by the Delegates of the Press. This is a group of 15 members of the university. They are headed by the Secretary to the Delegates, who serves as OUP' s chief executive and as its major representative on other university bodies. Oxford University has been using this system of contol since the 17th century.

The university started printing books around 1480. It soon grew into a major printer of Bibles, prayer books, and scholarly works. It began what later became the Oxford English Dictionary in the late 19th century. Over the last hundred years, Oxford has grown and now publishes children's books, school text books, music, journals, the World's Classics series, a best-selling range of English Language Teaching texts, as well as its academic and religious titles. It opened its first international office in New York in 1896.  Changes caused by computer technology and the need to lower costs, led to the Press contracting out its printing and binding work. The Press's printing house at Oxford was closed in 1989. Its former paper mill at Wolvercote was demolished in 2004. 

The Press publishes about 6,000 new titles around the world every year. It is a charitable organization, its profits go to the University of Oxford. The university's aims of excellence in scholarship, research, and education are supported through its publishing activities.

References

University of Oxford
Publishing companies of the United Kingdom
University presses
Moeraki Boulders

The Moeraki Boulders are a rock formation in New Zealand. They are unusually large and spherical boulders on Koekohe Beach on the Otago coast, between Moeraki and Hampden. Some of the boulders are in groups, while others stand by themselves. The area has been protected in a scientific reserve.

The boulders sit in mudstone, which is eroded by the action of the waves along the beach. This leaves the boulders exposed on the sand.

Local Māori legends say the boulders as the remains of eel baskets, calabashes, and kumara washed ashore from the wreck of Arai-te-uru, a large sailing canoe. The rocks that extend seaward from Shag Point are the petrified hull of this shipwreck. A nearby rocky promontory is the body of the canoe's captain.

In 1848 a drawing of the beach and its boulders, shows there were more than now. This picture is now in the Alexander Turnbull Library in Wellington. The boulders were described in 1850 colonial reports and numerous popular articles since that time. In more recent times they have become a popular tourist attraction, often described and pictured in numerous web pages and tourist guides.

References

Geology
Landforms
New Zealand
Religious law

Religious law comes from the sacred texts of various religions. They cover most parts of personal and contract law. Most religious law systems are either based on Islamic law (Sharia) or Judaic law (Halakha). Religious laws generally are used in countries that also have other legal systems such as civil or common law.

Comparisons 
Religious laws are seen to be eternal and do not change over time. Secular laws (non-religious) can be changed by their lawmakers. Religious laws govern people's behaviors and their beliefs. Secular laws deal with people's actions and how they affect other people. In religious law, disputes are settled by officials of that religion combining the actions of a judge and a priest. In secular systems the judiciary is independent.

Religious legal systems

Sharia 
Sharia deals with many topics, including crime, politics, marriage contracts, trade regulations, religious instructions, and economics. It also covers personal matters such as sexual intercourse, hygiene, diet, prayer, everyday etiquette and fasting. Adherence to sharia is an important part of the Muslim faith. In the strictest sense, sharia is considered in Islam as the infallible law of God.

There are two primary sharia: the Quran, and the Hadiths (opinions and life example of Muhammad). For issues not directly covered in these primary sources, sharia is used. The sources differ between the various sects of Islam (Sunni and Shia are the majority). They also differ by the various jurisprudence schools such as Hanafi, Maliki and Shafi'i.

Haleakala 
Historically, in the diaspora, halakha served many Jewish communities as both civil and religious law. There was no difference in classical Judaism. Modern religious leaders have come to view the halakha as less binding in day-to-day life. This is because it relies on Rabbinic interpretation instead of the pure, written words written in the Hebrew Bible.

Under contemporary Israeli law certain areas of Israeli family and personal law are under the authority of the rabbinic courts. This means they are treated according to halakha. Some differences in halakha itself are found among Ashkenazi, Mizrahi, Sephardi, Yemenite and other Jews who historically lived in isolated communities.

Reference 

Law
Legal terms
Buckwheat Zydeco

Buckwheat Zydeco was the stage name of Stanley Dural, Jr. (November 14, 1947 – September 24, 2016) was an American accordionist and zydeco musician. 

He was one of the few zydeco artists to become popular. His music group was known as Buckwheat Zydeco and Ils Son Partis Band, but often they perform as merely Buckwheat Zydeco.

Dural died of lung cancer at age 68 on September 24, 2016 in a hospital in Lafayette, Louisiana.

References

Other websites
 Official website

1947 births
2016 deaths
Deaths from lung cancer
Musicians from Louisiana
People from Lafayette, Louisiana
Elsie Tu

Elsie Tu, GBM, CBE (née Hume; ; 2 June 1913 – 8 December 2015), was an English-born Hong Kong social activist. She was born in Newcastle upon Tyne. She was an elected member of the Urban Council of Hong Kong, and member of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong. She became known for her strong opposition of colonialism and corruption.

References

1913 births
2015 deaths
British centenarians
English activists
English politicians
Activists from Hong Kong
People from Newcastle upon Tyne
Matey Kaziyski

Matey Kaziyski (; born 23 September 1984) is a Bulgarian volleyball player. He was a member of Bulgaria men's national volleyball team in 2003-2012 and Japanese club Panasonic Panthers, a participant of the Olympic Games Beijing 2008, bronze medalist of the World Championship 2006, World Cup 2007 and European Championship 2009. He is a multiple winner of the CEV Champions League and FIVB Club World Championship with the Italian club Trentino Volley.

Other websites
 FIVB profile

1984 births
Living people
2008 Summer Olympics
Bulgarian sportspeople
Olympians
Volleyball players
Alan Hodgkinson

Alan Hodgkinson MBE (16 August 1936 – 8 December 2015) was an English professional football goalkeeper and goalkeeping coach.

Football career
At just over , Hodgkinson was on the small side for a goalkeeper, but made up for the lack of height by his good positional play. He played for Sheffield United from 1954 through 1971 and for the England national football team from 1957 through 1960.

Death
Hodgkinson died on 8 December 2015 at the age of 79.

Sheffield United career

References

Other websites

1936 births
2015 deaths
1958 FIFA World Cup players
1962 FIFA World Cup players
English footballers

Sportspeople from Yorkshire
William B. Davis

William Bruce Davis (born January 13, 1938) is a Canadian actor, television director, and activist. He is best known for his role as The Smoking Man on The X-Files. Recently, he has been an activist to stop global warming.

Davis was born in Toronto, Ontario.

References

Other websites

williambdavis.com

1938 births
Living people
Canadian movie actors
Canadian television actors
Canadian voice actors
Canadian stage actors
Canadian radio actors
Canadian television directors
Canadian activists
Actors from Toronto
Isuzu Rodeo

The Isuzu Rodeo was a mid-size SUV sold from 1991-2004. From 1991-1997, the 2.6-liter 4-cylinder 120 horsepower engine was standard on the 2WD Rodeo S. The Rodeo had an optional V6 engine and four-wheel drive. The first series Rodeos had a number of safety issues. It had very poor crash test scores. Front airbags were installed for the first time in 1995. The second generation Rodeo came out in 1998. A new V6 engine gave it much more power. While the exterior design did not change very much, it became known as one of the best SUVs available at the time. But it could not keep up with the other SUVs in the market. Isuzu would later replace the Rodeo with the Ascender, a badge-engineered GMC Envoy in 2005

References 

Automobiles
Sport utility vehicles
GMC Envoy

The GMC Envoy was a midsize SUV sold by the GMC division of General Motors. It was introduced in 1998. In 2002 the Envoy was improved and rode on the same chassisas the new Chevrolet TrailBlazer. The Envoy was later given an extended wheelbase. In 2004 it was given a trim package called XUV. This was an Envoy XL with no third row seating and a retractable roof over the cargo bay. This was an attempt to make it both an SUV and a pickup truck. The resulting odd-looking Envoy XUV did not sell well. 2009 was the last model year for the Envoy. It had daytime running lights, electronic stability control, anti-lock brakes and a rollover sensor that automatically deployed the side curtain air bags. It was replaced by the GMC Terrain.

References 

General Motors vehicles
Sport utility vehicles
Isiah Thomas

Isiah Lord Thomas III (born April 30, 1961) is a retired American basketball player. He played professionally for the Detroit Pistons in the National Basketball Association (NBA). Thomas was just over 6 feet tall, making him a "small man" by basketball standards. He was one of the greatest point guards in basketball history. His only peer in the 1980s was Earvin "Magic" Johnson who played for the Los Angeles Lakers.

Early life 
He grew up poor on Chicago's South Side. As a boy he showed a talent for basketball. At this time Thomas realized his basketball skills might help his family get out of poverty and the unsafe neighborhood. Thomas attended the Indiana University. He was a member of the US men's basketball team at the 1980 Summer Olympics. Because of the US boycott, the team did not go to Moscow.

Professional career 
Thomas was a first round draft choice by the Detroit Pistons. He was signed to a 4-year contract. In 1984 Thomas was given an 11-year, $12 million contract. This was both the longest and highest paying player contract in Detroit Pistons history. A torn achilles tendon forced him to retire in 1994.

Accomplishments and honors 
Thomas was the 1982 NBA Rookie of the Year. He was named the Most Valuable Player in the 1984, 1986 and 1990. He played in twelve All-star games. In 1996 he was named one of the 50 greatest players in NBA history.

Thomas has one of the best records in NBA history. He scored a total of 18,822 points averaging 19.2 points per game. He was named to the NBA's 50th Anniversary All-Time Team. In 2000 he was named to the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame.

Reference 

African-American basketball players
1961 births
American basketball players
Living people
Audencia Nantes School of Management

Audencia Nantes School of Management is a business school in Nantes, France. It is accredited by the Association of MBAs (AMBA), European Quality Improvement System (EQUIS) and the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business (AACSB).  The school enrolls 3000 students from almost 50 countries. It offers bachelor's, international master's, specialised masters and MBAs degrees. It also offers executive education courses.

The school was started in 1900 as the École Supérieure de Commerce de Nantes. The school's name was changed in 2000 to its current name, Audencia Nantes School of Management. The name Audencia comes from two Latin words: audientia (meaning to hear or listen) and audacia (meaning boldness or daring).

The school has a partnership with the French Civil Aviation University for a dual degree engineering / management.

References

Other websites 
 Official website

1900 establishments in France
Education in France
Nantes
The Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim

The Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim is an action role-playing, open-world video game which was made by Bethesda Game Studios and published by Bethesda Softworks. Skyrim is the fifth game in The Elder Scrolls Series. Skyrim comes after The Elder Scrolls IV: Oblivion. Skyrim was released worldwide on November 11, 2011 for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 3, and Xbox 360. Three add-ons were later released for Skyrim; Dawnguard, Hearthfire and Dragonborn. The legendary edition of Skyrim was released on June 4, 2013, this included ‘’The Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim’’ Dawnguard, Hearthfire and Dragonborn.

The player character is known as the Dragonborn in game, a mortal with a dragon's soul and blood.

Skyrims main story revolves around the player character and their quest to defeat Alduin the World-Eater, A dragon which is said to destroy Tamriel. Tamriel is the continent that Skyrim is placed. The game takes place two hundred years after The Elder Scrolls IV: Oblivion takes place. The game Skyrim is set in the fictional area of Skyrim. During the course of the game, oves their characters skills. In ‘’Skyrim’’ the user can travel anywhere in the game world due to it being open world.

The game was created using the Creation Engine, it was rebuilt for Skyrim. The Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim was released to critical acclaim, with reviewers. The game sold over 20 million copies across all three platforms.

Gameplay
The Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim is an action role-playing game, it uses first-person and third-person perspectives. The player can freely travel around Skyrim, it is an open-world game. It has wilderness, dungeons, cities, towns, fortresses, villages,and bandit bases. Players can travel the world using horses or by fast traveling which allows the player to travel to any discovered place. The game’s main quest can be completed or ignored, up to the players choice.  Some quests rely on the main story's progression.

References

2011 video games
Windows games
Xbox 360 games
PlayStation 3 games
The Elder Scrolls
2017 video games
Nintendo Switch games
PlayStation 4 games
Role-playing video games
Xbox One games
Bad Rats: The Rats' Revenge

Bad Rats: The Rats' Revenge is a puzzle video game from 2009. It was made by Invent4 Entertainment for Microsoft Windows. The mission of the game is to solve physics puzzles to take revenge on cats. The game is known for its popularity and terrible reputation among Steam users.

Gameplay 
The goal of each stage is to use rats to activate an object to kill a cat. The player must place objects within a time limit. The player's score is based on the objects used and time taken.

Reception 
The game did not receive professional reviews on Metecritic or GameRankings. According to Kotaku, it is a "nearly universally reviled" game.

References

Other websites 
 http://www.invent4.com/rats/

2009 video games
Windows games
Ramus Pomifer

Ramus Pomifer (Latin for apple branch) was a constellation found between Hercules and Lyra. It represented a branch held in Hercules' left hand. It later formed a new constellation: Cerberus et Ramus (along with Cerberus, that shared many of the same stars).

References

Former constellations
Natural Wonder

Natural Wonder is a live album by American musician Stevie Wonder. It was recorded in Osaka, Japan and released on November 21, 1995. It was both Wonder's second album to be released in 1995 and his fourth live album and first since 1970's Stevie Wonder Live.

Track listing

Disc one
 "Dancing to the Rhythm" *– 7:07
 "Love's in Need of Love Today" – 6:02
 "Master Blaster (Jammin')" – 3:36
 "Stevie Ray Blues" *– 2:27
 "Higher Ground" – 3:59
 "Rocket Love" – 4:47
 "Stay Gold" – 4:21
 "Ribbon in the Sky" – 8:37
 "Pastime Paradise" – 3:22
 "If It's Magic" – 3:34
 "Ms. & Mr. Little Ones" *– 4:17
 "Village Ghetto Land" – 3:26
 "Tomorrow Robins Will Sing" – 4:20

(*) Previously unreleased songs.
"Stevie Ray Blues" is a tribute to Stevie Ray Vaughan.
"Dancing to the Rhythm" & "Ms. & Mr. Little Ones" are new songs.

Disc two
 "Overjoyed" – 3:59
 "My Cherie Amour" – 3:20
 "Signed, Sealed, Delivered, I'm Yours" – 2:45
 "Living for the City" – 4:26
 "Sir Duke" – 2:46
 "I Wish" – 4:06
 "You Are the Sunshine of My Life" – 2:21
 "Superstition" – 5:37
 "I Just Called to Say I Love You" – 4:38
 "For Your Love" – 5:06
 "Another Star" – 5:55

References

1995 albums
Live CD
R&B albums
Soul albums
Song Review: A Greatest Hits Collection

Song Review: A Greatest Hits Collection is a 1996 double disc greatest hits album by Stevie Wonder. Wonder would release another greatest hits album called At the Close of a Century three years later.

Track listings
Disc 1
"Part-Time Lover" (7" single version)
"I Just Called to Say I Love You" (single version)
"Superstition" (single version)
"Sir Duke"
"My Cherie Amour"
"I Was Made to Love Her"
"Overjoyed"
"Hey Love"
"Signed, Sealed, Delivered (I'm Yours)"
"You Are the Sunshine of My Life" (single version)
"Ribbon in the Sky" (edit)
"Master Blaster (Jammin')" (7" single version)
"Living for the City" (single version)
"Uptight (Everything's Alright)"
"Lately"
"Do I Do"

Disc 2
"Send One Your Love"
"Ebony and Ivory"
"All I Do"
"That Girl"
"For Your Love" (7" single version)
"I Wish"
"You Will Know" (radio edit)
"Boogie On Reggae Woman" (single version)
"Higher Ground" (single version)
"These Three Words"
"Stay Gold"
"Love Light in Flight"
"Kiss Lonely Goodbye" (edit)
"Hold On to Your Dream"
"Redemption Song"

1998 edition
"Isn't She Lovely"
"I Just Called to Say I Love You"
"Superstition"
"Sir Duke"
"Master Blaster (Jammin')"
"Ebony and Ivory"
"Happy Birthday"
"Living for the City"
"He's Misstra Know It All"
"You Are the Sunshine of My Life"
"Lately"
"Part-Time Lover"
"My Cherie Amour"
"Yester-Me, Yester-You, Yesterday"
"Uptight (Everything's Alright)"
"I Was Made to Love Her"
"For Once in My Life"
"Signed, Sealed, Delivered (I'm Yours)"
"For Your Love"
"Kiss Lonely Goodbye"
"Redemption Song"

Notes 

1996 albums
1998 albums
Greatest hits albums
R&B albums
Soul albums
At the Close of a Century

At the Close of a Century is a box set album that has Stevie Wonder's greatest hits from 1962-1995 and was released on November 21, 1999.

Track listing

Disc 1 
 Fingertips (Pts. 1 & 2) - (6:55)
 Uptight (Everything's Alright) - (2:53)
 Nothing's Too Good For My Baby -(2:38)
 Blowin' in the Wind - (3:43)
 A Place in the Sun - (2:45)
 Hey Love - (2:45)
 I Was Made to Love Her - (2:37)
 Until You Come Back to Me (That's What I'm Gonna Do) - (3:01)
 I'm Wondering - (2:55)
 Shoo-Be-Doo-Be-Doo-Da-Day - (2:46)
 You Met Your Match - (2:38)
 For Once in My Life - (2:50)
 I Don't Know Why - (2:45)
 My Cherie Amour - (2:50)
 Yester-Me, Yester-You, Yesterday - (3:04)
 Never Had a Dream Come True - (3:13)
 Signed, Sealed, Delivered I'm Yours - (2:40)
 Heaven Help Us All - (3:15)
 We Can Work It Out - (3:17)
 If You Really Love Me - (2:56)
 Never Dreamed You'd Leave in Summer - (2:56)
 Superwoman (Where Were You When I Needed You) - (8:07)
 I Love Every Little Thing About You - (3:55)

Disc 2 
 Superstition - (4:26)
 You Are The Sunshine Of My Life - (2:55)
 You And I - (4:34)
 I Believe (When I Fall In Love It Will Be Forever) - (4:52)
 Too High - (4:36)
 Visions - (5:23)
 Living For The City - (7:23)
 Golden Lady - (4:47)
 Higher Ground - (3:42)
 All In Love Is Fair - (3:43)
 Don't You Worry 'Bout A Thing - (4:45)
 He's Misstra Know-It-All - (5:36)
 You Haven't Done Nothin' - (3:29)
 Heaven Is 10 Zillion Light Years Away - (5:02)
 Too Shy To Say - (3:29)
 Boogie On Reggae Woman - (4:55) 
 Creepin' - (4:20)

Disc 3 
 Sir Duke - (3:51)
 I Wish - (4:12)
 Knocks Me Off My Feet - (3:36)
 Pastime Paradise - (3:27)
 Isn't She Lovely- (6:36)
 Ngiculela ~ Es Una Historia ~ I Am Singing - (3:48)
 If It's Magic - (3:12)
 As - (7:09)
 Another Star - (8:22)
 Send One Your Love - (4:01)
 All I Do - (5:16)
 Rocket Love - (4:39)
 I Ain't Gonna Stand for It - (4:39)
 Master Blaster (Jammin') - (5:11)
 Lately - (4:05)
 Happy Birthday - (5:58)

Disc 4 
 That Girl - (5:13)
 Ribbon in the Sky - (5:40)
 Do I Do - (10:30)
 Love Light in Flight - (6:54)
 I Just Called To Say I Love You - (4:22)
 Overjoyed - (3:42)
 Part-Time Lover - (4:12)
 Go Home - (5:19)
 You Will Know - (5:02)
 Skeletons - (5:24)
 Gotta Have You - (6:26)
 These Three Words - (4:54)
 For Your Love - (5:01)
 How Come, How Long (Babyface feat. Stevie Wonder) - (5:15)

References

1999 albums
Greatest hits albums
R&B albums
Soul albums
Jazz albums
Funk albums
Ordinary (liturgy)

The catholic mass is made of two parts: One that changes during the year, and the other one that does not. The one that does not change is usually called Ordinary. The part that canges is usually called Proper. The Latin names for these are Ordinarium and Proprium. When talkin about the music performed in Church, an ordinary usually consists of the following (which are either songs or prayers):
Kyrie eleison
Gloria 
Credo
Sanctus
Agnus dei
Protestant and Eastern Orthodox often use the same songs, but they have adapted the texts. Nowadays, the text is often translated to the local language.

Christian music
Shirley Stelfox

Shirley Stelfox (11 April 1941 – 7 December 2015) was an English actress. She was best known for her role as Edna Birch on the British soap opera Emmerdale.

Stelfox died in Yorkshire Dales, Yorkshire from cancer of unknown primary origin on 7 December 2015, aged 74.

References

Other websites

Profile , filmdope.com; accessed 21 November 2015.
Shirley Stelfox(Aveleyman)

1941 births
2015 deaths
Deaths from cancer of unknown primary origin
Actors from Cheshire
Cancer deaths in England
English movie actors
English stage actors
English television actors
Mattiwilda Dobbs

Mattiwilda Dobbs (July 11, 1925 – December 8, 2015) was an African-American coloratura soprano. She was one of the first black singers to enjoy a major international career in opera. After winning the International Music Competition in Geneva, Switzerland, in 1951, she made her professional operatic debut at the Holland Festival, as the Nightingale in Stravinsky's The Nightingale, in 1952.

Dobbs died on December 8, 2015 at her home in Atlanta, Georgia of cancer of unknown primary origin at the age of 90.

References

Other websites
 Interview with Mattiwilda Dobbs by Bruce Duffie, March 28, 1994

1925 births
2015 deaths
Deaths from cancer of unknown primary origin
African-American singers
Singers from Atlanta, Georgia
Bonnie Lou

Mary Joan Okum (née Kath; October 27, 1924 – December 8, 2015), known by her performing name Bonnie Lou, was an American musical pioneer. She was one of first female rock and roll singers. She was also one of the first artists to gain crossover success from country music to rock and roll. She was the "top name" on the first country music program regularly broadcast on a national TV network. 

Lou was one of the first female co-hosts of a successful television talk show, and a regular musical performer on popular shows in the 1960s and 1970s. She "was a prime mover in the first days of rockabilly," and is a member of the Rockabilly Hall of Fame.

Lou died from complications of dementia under hospice care in Cincinnati, Ohio, aged 91.

References

1924 births
2015 deaths
Deaths from dementia
Disease-related deaths in Ohio
Country musicians from Illinois
American rock singers
American television personalities
Actors from Illinois
Singers from Illinois
Musicians from Illinois
Abduction

Abduction is the criminal act of taking a person away by means of fraud, persuasion, by threat of violence or by force. Kidnapping, by comparison, is limited to a threat of violence or forcefully taking adults or the by the taking of children. It often involves some form of false imprisonment. In some states, kidnapping and abduction are treated as the same thing. But in most jurisdictions they are separate crimes. Unlawful interference with family members such as removing a child from its parents is abduction. It does not matter if the minor consents or not. Kidnapping is the unlawful taking of a person against their will. Abduction can also mean the taking of any female person for the purposes of prostitution, concubinage or (forced) marriage.

Child abduction 
During wars, children are often abducted. They may be treated brutally or killed. They may be victims of sexual violence or may be used as soldiers. Children are abducted both by armed parties or governments. They may be taken as an act of retaliation against a population.

International child abduction 
When a marriage breaks down, it is not uncommon for one parent to wish to return, with his or her children, to their state of origin. This is usually without the permission of the other parent. This becomes an international child abduction. The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child requires "State Parties shall take measures to combat the illicit transfer and non-return of children abroad". Also that they "promote the conclusion of bilateral or multilateral agreements or accession to existing agreements". International child abductions are a matter treated by civil law and in some cases criminal law.

References

Other websites 
 Abduction vs Kidnapping, Kids Live Safe
 Family Abduction, National Center for Missing & Exploited Children

Law
Legal terms
International law
Embezzlement

Embezzlement is the theft or misappropriating of funds or assets belonging to a company or government. It is the misusing of property lawfully entrusted to a person who then converts it for his or her own use. Accounting embezzlement is hiding the theft of funds by the manipulation of accounting records. Embezzlement is most commonly a corporate crime.

There are many different ways to embezzle funds. "Skimming off the top" is when a person continually takes a small amount over a period of time. Someone may disappear after taking a large amount of funds. Managers may steal money by under-reporting income and keeping the unreported funds.

The US Internal Revenue Service requires the reporting of all income when a person files their income tax forms. Failure to include embezzled funds in their gross income can bring charges of tax evasion by the IRS. This is in addition to any other jurisdictions criminal charges of embezzlement.

References 

Crime
Legal terms
Action role-playing game

Action role-playing games (or action RPG) is a sub-genre of role-playing video games. It includes action or action-adventure games.

Role-playing video games
Video game genres
Eskender Mustafaiev

Eskender Mustafaiev (Ukrainian: Ескендер Аметович Мустафаєв; born July 17, 1981) is a swimmer from Aqyar/Sevastopil. Ukraine.  He won a gol medal at the 2012 Summer Paralympics in the 50 metre freestyle S4 race.

Swimming 

Mustafaiev was a member of the swimming team from Ukraine at the the 2011 IPC European Swimming Championships in Berlin, Germany.  He competed in the  Men’s 50m Freestyle S4.

When he was 31-years-old, Mustafaiev won a gold medal at the 2012 Summer Paralympics in the 50 metre freestyle S4 with a time of 38.26 seconds.  He also competed in the 100m freestyle, 50m backstroke and 200m freestyle races in London.  He was one of three people from the Ukraine who was from Crimea who competed in London. The other two sportspeople were swimmer Dmytro Kryzhanivskyi and shooter Olha Mustafaieva. He finished last in the 50m backstroke final. After the 2012 Games, they gave him the Order of Merit for his sport work.

At the 2013 IPC Swimming World Championships in Montreal, Mustafaiev won a gold in the men’s 50 freestyle S4 with a time of 37.96 seconds. He won a silver medal in the men’s 100 freestyle S4.  He lost the race to Slovenia's Darko Duric, who defeated him by a third of a second.

Mustafaiev did not compete at the 2014 IPC Swimming European Championships and did not defend his world championship title.

In October 2014, Mustafaiev, two other Crimean Paralympic and Deaflympic swimmers and a Crimean Paralympic or Deaflympic coach lost their Ukrainian sports scholarship.  This was decided after reports they moved to Russia.

References

1981 births
Ukrainian sportspeople
Paralympic gold medalists
Swimmers
Living people
Deimatic defence

Deimatic defence is when prey startle predators and so get time to escape. The predator gets a shock, and often jumps back when startled. Many prey use this tactic when a predator gets close. It is an anti-predator defence.

This method is a fake, where a real aposematic warning signal is genuine. Many species of frog put on warning displays; but only some of these species do have poison glands. 

Displays are classified as deimatic or aposematic by the responses of the animals that see them. 
Where predators are initially startled but learn to eat the displaying prey, the display is classed as deimatic, and the prey is bluffing; 
Where they continue to avoid the prey after tasting it, the display is taken as aposematic, meaning the prey is genuinely distasteful. 
In the second case, the behaviour is both deimatic and aposematic. It startles the predator, and the display truly indicates the prey is bad to eat.

References 

Ethology
Tax advantage

Tax advantage refers to the financial gain which applies to certain accounts or investments. These include accounts that are, by statute, tax-reduced, tax-deferred, or tax-free. Governments establish tax advantages to encourage private individuals to contribute money when it is considered to be in the public interest. An example is retirement plans, which often offer tax advantages to incentivize savings for retirement. In the United States municipal bonds may also be exempt from certain taxes.  

In countries in which the average age of the population is increasing, tax advantages may put pressure on pension plans. For example, where benefits are funded on a pay-as-you-go basis, the benefits paid to those receiving a pension come directly from the contributions (money paid) of those of working age. If the proportion of pensioners to working-age people rises, the contributions needed from working people will also rise proportionately. In the United States, the rapid onset of Baby Boomer retirement is currently causing such a problem.

References 

Taxation
Eye-spot (mimicry)

An eye-spot (or ocellus) is an eye-like marking on the body of an animal. They are found on butterflies, reptiles, felids, birds and fish.

Eye-spots may be a form of mimicry: the spot looks like the eye of a larger animal. Its function may be to draw a predator's attention away from the most vulnerable body parts; or to look like an unpleasant or dangerous animal. 

In larger animals, eyespots may play a role in intraspecies communication or courtship – the best-known example is probably the eyespots on a peacock's display feathers.

There is evidence that eyespots in butterflies are anti-predator defences. Some are deimatic displays to distract, startle or scare off predators, or at least to deflect attacks away from vital body parts. Butterfly eyespots may also play a role in mate recognition and sexual selection, like the eyespots on larger organisms.

References 

Ethology
Mimicry
Tax deduction

A tax deduction is a way to reduce the amount of income that is subject to a tax. Tax deductions and tax credits both lower the amount of money a person has to pay in taxes. But they do it differently. A tax deduction is subtracted from the gross income of a taxpayer. For example, if a couple had an income of $60,000 for the year, and they had paid $10,000 in interest on their mortgage, their taxable income would be reduced to $50,000. The value of a tax deduction depends on a person's tax rate, which rises with income. A tax credit, by comparison, has the same value for all taxpayers. In the USA, there are hundreds of different tax deductions. Some are only available to taxpayers in certain income brackets. Some are available to businesses in particular industries.

References 

Finance
Taxation
Saimaa ringed seal

The Saimaa ringed seal (Pusa hispida saimensis) is a subspecies of ringed seal (Pusa hispida). Usually seals live in the sea, but Saimaa ringed seals live in Lake Saimaa in Finland. There are only 320 Saimaa ringed seals in the world. They are among the most endangered seals in the world. 

After the last ice age was over, dry land was rising slowly. This isolated Lake Saimaa from the sea. Some seals were also isolated in Saimaa. Their successors become Saimaa ringed seals.

Appearance

An adult Saimaa ringed seal is between  long and weighs between . Usually male seals are larger than females. Their colour is dark gray, with circular white ring patterns.

Reproduction 
Saimaa ringed seals give birth towards the end of February. They dig a nest in snow on top of lake ice. Snow nest gives shelter for young seal pups. If there is not enough snow, young seals do not survive. In 2010s, volunteers help seals by building artificial piles of snow on lake ice. Studies by the University of Eastern Finland showed the ringed seals would nest in man-made snowdrifts the same as natural snowdrifts.

References

Other websites

Pinnipeds
LGBT rights in Alaska

Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) persons living in the U.S. state of Alaska are able to marry. A U.S. district court declared Alaska's denial of same-sex marriages unconstitutional on October 12, 2014.

Hate crime/sexual orientation laws
State law does not address hate crimes based on gender identity or sexual orientations. Anchorage, however, does have an ordinance "to outlaw discrimination in Anchorage based on sexual orientation or gender identity". Anchorage makes up 41% of the total population of Alaska.

References

LGBT in the United States
Alaska
Regnenses

The Regnenses, Regni or Regini were a British Celtic people. They were ruled by a king. Their their territory or kingdom was later a civitas of Roman Britain. Their capital was Noviomagus Reginorum, known today as Chichester in modern West Sussex.

Before the Romans conquered Britain their land and capital appear to have been part of the territory of the Atrebates. Possibly they were part of a confederation of tribes. The tribe made use of hill forts more than other tribes around them. Their location in southern England would have made them a more civilized people. They would have had contact with Europe through trading exposing them to new ideas. 'Regninses', means "people of the kingdom". It is not known how they came by that name. It was recorded by the Romans but it could be a translation or a name the Romans gave them.

Their ruler was Tiberius Claudius Cogidubnus. Tacitus said of him: 
The theory that Cogidubnus was created legatus, a rank only ever given to senators, is based on reconstructing the damaged Chichester inscription. It would read as Cogidubni regis legati Augusti in Britannia ("king and imperial legate in Britain"). It could also be Cogidubni regis magni Britanniae ("great king of Britain").

References

History of England