cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Martin Cooper

Martin "Marty" Cooper (born December 26, 1928) is an American engineer. He was born in Chicago. Cooper is a pioneer in the wireless communications industry. He is known for creating the first mobile phone.

References

Other websites
 

1928 births
Living people
Engineers from Illinois
American inventors
Scientists from Chicago
Kenneth Cope

Kenneth Charles Cope (born 14 April 1931) is an English actor. He is best known for his roles as Marty Hopkirk in Randall and Hopkirk (Deceased), Jed Stone in Coronation Street and Ray Hilton in Brookside. Cope was born in Liverpool.

Cope was diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in 2013.

References

Other websites
  

1931 births
Living people
English movie actors
English television actors
Actors from Liverpool
Michael Craig

Michael Francis Gregson (born 27 January 1928), known professionally as Michael Craig, is a British actor and screenwriter. He was born in Pune, British India. He is known for his work in theatre, movie and television both in the United Kingdom and Australia.

In movies, he is known for his roles in Campbell's Kingdom (1957),  Sea of Sand (1958), The Silent Enemy (1958), Sapphire (1959), Doctor in Love (1960), Mysterious Island (1961), The Iron Maiden (1962), Modesty Blaise (1966), Turkey Shoot (1982), Ride a Wild Pony (1975) and Appointment with Death (1988).

References

Other websites
 Final stage review

1928 births
Living people
British movie actors
British television actors
British stage actors
British screenwriters
Jon Culshaw

Jonathan Peter Culshaw (born 2 June 1968) is an English actor and comedian. He is best known for his work on the radio comedy Dead Ringers since 2000.

Culshaw has voiced many characters for ITV shows including 2DTV (2001), Spitting Image (1994–96) and Newzoids (2015–2016), as well as appearing in The Impressions Show alongside Debra Stephenson from 2009 until 2011.

References

1968 births
Living people
English movie actors
English television actors
English voice actors
English television personalities
English radio personalities
English comedians
Actors from Lancashire
Clive Cussler

Clive Eric Cussler (July 15, 1931 – February 24, 2020) was an American adventure novelist and explorer. He was known for his novels which feature character Dirk Pitt. They have reached The New York Times fiction best-seller list more than 20 times. Cussler is the founder and chairman of the real-life National Underwater and Marine Agency (NUMA).

References

1931 births
2020 deaths
American novelists
Writers from Illinois
People from Aurora, Illinois
Paul Dewar

Paul W. Dewar (January 25, 1963 – February 6, 2019) was a Canadian educator and politician. He was born in Ottawa, Ontario. He was the New Democratic Party (NDP) Member of Parliament (MP) for the riding of Ottawa Centre from 2006 to 2015.

On February 14, 2018, Dewer had surgery for a brain tumour. He was later diagnosed with terminal glioblastoma, a rare form of brain cancer. Dewar died from the disease on February 6, 2019 in Ottawa, aged 56.

References

1963 births
2019 deaths
Deaths from glioblastoma
Canadian educators
Politicians from Ontario
People from Ottawa
Divide and conquer algorithm

The Divide and Conquer algorithm (also called the Divide and Conquer method) is a basis for many popular sorting algorithms. An algorithm is simply a series of steps to solve a problem. The general idea of divide and conquer is to take a problem and break it apart into smaller problems that are easier to solve. 

This idea can be seen in many popular algorithms. A helpful way to think of this idea, would be when a person looks through a dictionary. For example, if they are looking for the word “Dog”, and land on a page with the word “Firetruck”, the person knows that all the pages to the right of firetruck will not contain dog.  They know this because D comes before F in the alphabet. This logic allows a person to spend less time searching, because every time they arrive on a page with the wrong letter, they know that they can eliminate the pages to their right or their left. This is an example of diving a problem up into smaller pieces. If one were to apply this concept in programming, one might start with an ordered list. If they wanted to search through that list, they would start near the center of that list. Simple logic would determine if the desired element is to the right or the left of the middle element, or in some cases it may even be the middle element. From there, each time this algorithm searches, it decreases the size of the list by half. This makes searching through the list extremely efficient.

Algorithms
Terrance Dicks

Terrance Dicks (14 April 1935 – 29 August 2019) was an English author and former television screenwriter, script editor and producer. Dicks had a long association with the BBC science-fiction series Doctor Who, also working as a writer and script editor from 1968 to 1974. He was known as "the most prolific contributor to Doctor Who".

Terrance died at his home in Hampstead, London after he short-illness on 29 August 2019 at the age of 84.

References

Other websites

1935 births
2019 deaths
Disease-related deaths in London
English television writers
English television producers
English children's writers
English novelists
BBC people
Writers from Essex
Fred Dinenage

Frederick Edgar Dinenage MBE (born 8 June 1942) is an English television presenter, broadcaster and author. He was born in Birmingham, West Midlands. He is known for presenting How, How 2, and ITV News Meridian.

Early life and education
Dinenage was born in Birmingham. He was educated at Portsmouth Grammar School, an independent school in Portsmouth.

References

Other websites
 

1942 births
Living people
English television presenters
English writers
English journalists
While loop

In computer science, a while loop is a statement which is used to execute code repeatedly based on a condition. Simply, it can be thought of as a repeating if statement.

Overview 
The while loop consists of two parts: the condition and a block of code. The condition is evaluated and if it is true, the block of code is executed. This repeats until the condition evaluates to false. As a pre-test loop, the while loop checks the condition before the block is executed. In contrast, the do-while loop checks the condition after the loop has executed. A while loop would typically be used when you don't know the number of times you would like to loop over the block of code. Instead, code would continue looping until a particular condition is met. When the number of times a loop is to be executed is already known before the execution of the loop, a for loop would be a better choice. 

A template of a while loop is shown below:while (condition) 
{
   statements;
}

Example 
Example code in the C programming language is shown below.
int x = 0;
while (x < 5) 
{
    printf ("x = %d\n", x);
    x++;
}In this example, the loop first checks to see if the variable x is less than 5. Because it is, it will enter the  loop, printing the value of x and then increment x by 1. After completing the code block, it will continue to repeat the code block until x is equal to 5. When x is equal to five, the condition evaluates to false and the code exits the while loop.

A loop that continues repeating forever is possible if the condition is always true. When this happens, it is up to the developer to create a statement to exit the loop. An example of this is shown below:  while (true) 
{
    //do complicated stuff
    if (someCondition) break;
    //more stuff
}In the above example, the condition while always be true. To exit the loop, a break statement is used when a specific condition inside the loop evaluates to true.

Computer science
For loop

In computer science, a for-loop (or “for loop”) is used to run specified lines of code repeatedly. In different languages, there are different keywords to specify this statement—ways to identify a for loop—but they all do the same task. Most languages use either “for” or “do” as keywords.

A for-loop has two parts: a header, and a body of code. The body consists of a set of instructions (lines of code) that run for each repetition of the loop. The header often declares how many loops to compete, generally indicated by either a loop counter or a loop variable. For-loops are typically used when the number of repetitions are known. For-loops are similar to “while-loops”, but usually have a known number of repetitions.

Sample for-loop in Python:

for i in range(10):

print('Hello, world!')

This for loop prints outs "Hello, world!" ten times.

The name for-loop comes from the English word for, which is the direct translation of the earlier German für, used by Heinz Rutishauser, who also helped define ALGOL 58 and 60.

Loop Counter 
In computer science, a loop counter is a variable that controls how many repetitions the loop will do. Usually, the loop counter variable is an integer value that increments by 1 for each completed loop. However, loop counters can also decrement, and can have step sizes other than 1. 

Loop counters change each iteration. With each repeat, there is unique counter value. The loop counter is the deciding factor for when a loop should end and go onto the next section of code.

Common identifier names for loop counters are i, j, and k(and so on, if needed).

for loop 
A for-loop is available in most common programming languages. While for-loops in different languages will all fulfill the same task, there are differences on how each programming language deals with for loops.

Computer science
Daryl Dragon

Daryl Frank Dragon (August 27, 1942 – January 2, 2019) was an American musician and songwriter. He was known as Captain from the pop musical duo Captain & Tennille, with his former wife, Toni Tennille.

Biography 
In 1981, Dragon contributed to Carpenters' Made In America album, programming synthesizers on "(Want You) Back In My Life Again". In 1996, Dragon played keyboard on a number of tracks on the self-titled album by pop punk band Size 14.

In 2009, Dragon was diagnosed with a neurological disorder which causes him to have tremors.

Dragon died on January 2, 2019 in Prescott, Arizona from renal failure at the age of 76.

References

1942 births
2019 deaths
Deaths from renal failure
American pianists
American guitarists
American songwriters
Musicians from Los Angeles
Writers from Los Angeles
Toni Tennille

Cathryn Antoinette "Toni" Tennille (born May 8, 1940) is an American singer-songwriter and keyboardist. She is best known as one-half of the 1970s duo Captain & Tennille with her former husband Daryl Dragon. Her best known song is "Love Will Keep Us Together".

References

1940 births
Living people
American pianists
American singer-songwriters
Singers from Alabama
Writers from Alabama
Musicians from Alabama
People from Montgomery, Alabama
Howard Finkel

Howard Finkel (June 7, 1950 – April 16, 2020) was an American professional wrestling ring announcer. He worked with WWE since 1977. He began working for Vince McMahon Sr.'s World Wide Wrestling Federation (WWWF) in 1975 and was a ring announcer, beginning in  1977. Finkel was seen as one of the best ring announcers of all time.

Finkel died on April 16, 2020 in Madison, Connecticut from problems caused by a rare-form of brain disease at the age of 69.

Job titles
 WWF Superstars of Wrestling ring announcer
 Heat ring announcer
 Byte This host
 Raw ring announcer (January 1993 - 1997)
 SmackDown ring announcer
 House show ring announcer
 Madison Square Garden ring announcer
 Madison Square Garden color commentator
 WWE Hall of Fame announcer (WrestleMania)
 Florida Championship Wrestling (FCW) ring announcer

References

1950 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from brain disease
WWE people
Sportspeople from Newark, New Jersey
Bamber Gascoigne

Arthur Bamber Gascoigne  (24 January 1935 – 8 February 2022) was a British television presenter and author. He is best known for being the original quizmaster on University Challenge, which ran from 1962 to 1987. He was born in London.

Gascoigne died on 8 February 2022 in London at the age of 87.

References

Other websites
 HistoryWorld website
 Timesearch website 
 Gascoigne at the Magdalene College alumni website
 

1935 births
2022 deaths
English television presenters
Writers from London
English historians
Alasdair Gray

Alasdair Gray (28 December 1934 – 29 December 2019) was a Scottish writer and artist. His first novel, Lanark, published in 1981, was written over almost 30 years. It was described by The Guardian as "one of the landmarks of 20th-century fiction."

Gray died at a hospital in Glasgow of pneumonia-related problems on 29 December 2019, a day after his 85th birthday.

References

Other websites

1934 births
2019 deaths
Deaths from pneumonia
British artists
Scottish poets
British playwrights
Scottish writers
People from Glasgow
Kurt Hamrin

Kurt Roland Hamrin (; born 19 November 1934) is a Swedish retired footballer. He is the eighth highest goalscorer of all-time in Italy's Serie A, with 190 goals. He was a member of the Swedish team that reached the 1958 FIFA World Cup Final.

Honours

Club
ACF Fiorentina 
 Italian Cup: 1960–61, 1965–66
 UEFA Cup Winners' Cup: 1960–61
 Mitropa Cup: 1966

A.C. Milan 
 Italian Serie A: 1967–68
 European Cup: 1968–69
 UEFA Cup Winners' Cup: 1967–68

International
Sweden 
 1958 FIFA World Cup: runner-up

References

1934 births
Living people
Swedish footballers
Sportspeople from Stockholm
Jerry Hardin

Jerry Hardin (born November 20, 1929) is an American actor. Hardin has appeared in movies and television roles, although he is perhaps best known as the character Deep Throat in the series The X-Files.

References

Other websites

1929 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
Actors from Dallas, Texas
David Hedison

Albert David Hedison Jr. (May 20, 1927 – July 18, 2019) was an American actor.

In 1959, he starred as Victor Sebastian in the short-lived espionage television series Five Fingers. He was known for his role as Captain Lee Crane in Irwin Allen's television series Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea and as CIA agent Felix Leiter in two James Bond movies, Live and Let Die and Licence to Kill.

Hedison had two daughters, Serena and Alexandra Hedison. Alexandra is married to actress Jodie Foster.

Hedison died on July 18, 2019 in Los Angeles, California at the age of 92.

References

Other websites
 
 

1927 births
2019 deaths
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American voice actors
Actors from Rhode Island
Actors who played Felix Leiter
People from Providence, Rhode Island
Nicky Henson

Nicholas Victor Leslie Henson (12 May 1945 – 15 December 2019) was an English actor. He joined the Royal Shakespeare Company in 1977. He was known for his roles in Witchfinder General (1968), There's a Girl in My Soup (1970), Mosquito Squadron (1970) and Psychomania (1971). 

Henson died on 15 December 2019 from lymphoma, aged 74.

References

Other websites
 

1945 births
2019 deaths
Deaths from lymphoma
English movie actors
English television actors
English voice actors
English stage actors
Actors from London
Frazer Hines

Frazer Hines (born 22 September 1944) is an English actor. He is best known for his roles as Jamie McCrimmon in Doctor Who and Joe Sugden in Emmerdale. Hines appeared in 117 episodes of the original series of Doctor Who; only the first four Doctors appeared in more episodes. He was born in Horsforth, West Riding of Yorkshire.

References

Other websites

1944 births
Living people
English movie actors
English television actors
English voice actors
English stage actors
Actors from Yorkshire
Michel Houellebecq

Michel Houellebecq (; born Michel Thomas; 26 February 1956) is a French author, filmmaker, and poet.

His first book was a biographical essay on the horror writer H. P. Lovecraft. Houellebecq published his first novel, Whatever, in 1994. His next novels Atomised, published in 1998, and Platform followed in 2001 were also his best known works.

References

1956 births
Living people
French novelists
French poets
Alan Igglesden

Alan Paul Igglesden (8 October 1964 – 1 November 2021) was an English Test cricketer. He played three Test Matches and four One Day Internationals (ODIs) for the England cricket team between 1989 and 1994 as a fast bowler. 

He played most of his first-class cricket career for Kent County Cricket Club. He was born in London.

In 1999, Igglesden was diagnosed with terminal brain cancer. He died from the disease in Apperley Bridge, West Yorkshire on 1 November 2021, aged 57.

References

1964 births
2021 deaths
Deaths from brain cancer
English cricketers
Sportspeople from London
Wanda Jackson

Wanda Lavonne Jackson (born October 20, 1937) is an American singer-songwriter, pianist and guitarist. She became popular in the mid-1950s and 1960s as one of the first popular female rockabilly singers. She is known to many as the "Queen of Rockabilly" or the "First Lady of Rockabilly". Her best known works were "Tears Will Be the Chaser for Your Wine", "A Woman Lives for Love" and "Fancy Satin Pillows".

In 2009, she was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in the category Early Influence.

References

1937 births
Living people
American singer-songwriters
American country guitarists
American pianists
Singers from Oklahoma
Musicians from Oklahoma
Conrad Janis

Conrad Janis (born February 11, 1928) is an American jazz trombonist and actor. He was born in New York City. He starred in Margie, The Brasher Doubloon, The Buddy Holly Story and in the Goldie Hawn comedy The Duchess and the Dirtwater Fox. He also starred as Mindy McConnell's father Frederick on Mork & Mindy.

References

Other websites
 

1928 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American trombonists
American jazz musicians
Actors from New York City
Musicians from New York City
Irving Kanarek

Irving A. Kanarek (May 12, 1920 – September 2, 2020) was an American criminal defense attorney. He was best known for representing Charles Manson and "Onion Field" killer Jimmy Lee Smith. During the course of the trial he was jailed twice by Judge Older for contempt of court. In his summation, Bugliosi dubbed Kanarek "the Toscanini of Tedium."

Kanarek was born in Seattle. He attended the University of Washington as an undergraduate and Loyola Law School. He was admitted to the California Bar in 1957.

Kanarek died on September 2, 2020 in Garden Grove, California at the age of 100.

References

Other websites
The Charles Manson Trial: Other Key Figures 
American Bar Association The Compleat Lawyer article on Kanarek
Kaufman v. The Superior Court of Orange County, No. G020180 on the docket of the Fourth Appellate District, Division Three (Word DOC)

Lawyers from Seattle
2020 deaths
1920 births
Businesspeople from Seattle, Washington
Charles Kay

Charles Kay (born Charles Piff, 31 August 1930) is an English actor. He was known for his stage roles with the Royal Shakespeare Company. 

Kay is known for his roles in Jennie: Lady Randolph Churchill, Fall of Eagles, I, Claudius, The Devils Crown, To Serve Them All My Days, By the Sword Divided, Fortunes of War, Rumpole of the Bailey, The Citadel, Edge of Darkness, The Darling Buds of May, Jonathan Creek, Hetty Wainthropp Investigates, Holby City, Midsomer Murders and The Casebook of Sherlock Holmes story "The Creeping Man".

References

Other websites

1930 births
Living people
English stage actors
English movie actors
English television actors
People from Warwickshire
Yaphet Kotto

Yaphet Frederick Kotto (November 15, 1939 – March 15, 2021) was an American actor. He was known for his roles in NBC television series Homicide: Life on the Street (1993–99) as Lieutenant Al Giardello. His movie roles include the science-fiction/horror movie Alien (1979), The Running Man (1987). He played the main villain Dr. Kananga/Mr. Big in the James Bond movie Live and Let Die (1973). 

He appeared opposite Robert De Niro in the comedy thriller Midnight Run (1988) as FBI agent Alonzo Mosely.

Kotto died on March 15, 2021 in Manila, Philippines at the age of 81.

References

Other websites

1939 births
2021 deaths
Actors from New York City
Actors who played Bond villains
African-American movie actors
African-American stage actors
African-American television actors
African-American voice actors
Steffan Lewis

Steffan Lewis (1984 – 11 January 2019) was a Welsh politician. He was elected to the National Assembly for Wales in the 2016 election. He represented the electoral region of South Wales East as a member of Plaid Cymru.

In December 2017, Lewis was diagnosed with terminal bowel cancer. He died on 11 January 2019 from the disease, aged 34.

References

1984 births
2019 deaths
Welsh politicians
Deaths from colorectal cancer
Henry Lincoln

Henry Lincoln (born Henry Soskin; 12 February 1930 – February 2022) was a British author, television presenter, scriptwriter and actor. He was born in London. He co-wrote three Doctor Who multi-part serials in the 1960s and inspired three Chronicle BBC Two documentaries on the alleged "mysteries" surrounding the French village of Rennes-le-Château.

Lincoln was known for his book series The Holy Blood and the Holy Grail, which became the inspiration for Dan Brown's 2003 best-selling novel, The Da Vinci Code.

Lincoln died in February 2022, aged 92.

References

Other websites
 "The Code War", 24 February 2006, The Scotsman
 Rennes le Chateau FAQ – Interview with Lincoln
 Behind the Da Vinci Code, 2006 History Channel video documentary primarily about Lincoln's involvement. Produced and directed by Ian Bremner
 "The Priory of Sion", 30 April 2006 segment on 60 Minutes

1930 births
2022 deaths
British novelists
British television presenters
British television writers
British television actors
British movie actors
Screenwriters from London
Actors from London
Josep Lluís Núñez

José Luis Núñez Clemente (7 September 1931 – 3 December 2018) was a Spanish businessman and politician. He was president of FC Barcelona between 1978 and 2000. Núñez used to own the Núñez i Navarro construction company and Núñez i Navarro Hotels chain. He was elected club president on 1 July 1978. His main objectives were to establish Barça as a world class sports club and to give the club financial stability. He was born in Guriezo, Cantabria.

In July 2011, Núñez was sentenced to six years in jail following conviction on a series of fraud charges. The sentence was appealed and Núñez was allowed bail. In November 2014, he entered in jail.

Núñez died on 3 December 2018 in Barcelona at the age of 87.

References

1931 births
2018 deaths
Spanish businesspeople
Spanish politicians
People from Barcelona
Read my lips: no new taxes

"Read my lips: no new taxes" is a phrase spoken by then-American presidential candidate George H. W. Bush at the 1988 Republican National Convention as he accepted the nomination on August 18. It was written by speechwriter Peggy Noonan, and was in the statement 

The statement was a promise not to tax the American people further. The impact of the election promise was considerable, and many supporters of Bush believe it helped him win the 1988 presidential election. Though during his presidency, Bush raised taxes and many believed this phrase helped Bill Clinton defeat Bush in the 1992 presidential election.

References

George H. W. Bush
Michele Carey

Michele Carey (born Michele Lee Henson, February 26, 1943 – November 21, 2018) was an American actress. She was known for her role as Josephine "Joey" MacDonald in the 1966 movie El Dorado. She appeared in movies in the 1960s and 1970s. She was born in Annapolis, Maryland. He also starred in Live a Little, Love a Little (1968), The Sweet Ride (1968), and Dirty Dingus Magee (1970).

Carey died in Newport Beach, California on November 21, 2018 at the age of 75.

References

Other websites

1943 births
2018 deaths
American movie actors
American television actors
Actors from Maryland
People from Annapolis, Maryland
Cecil County, Maryland

Cecil County is a county in the U.S. state of Maryland. As of the 2010 census, the population was 101,108. The county seat is Elkton.
Cecil is named after Cecil Calvert, the first Proprietary Governor of the Province (colony) of Maryland.

References 

Maryland counties
Kaal Bhairav Rahasya 2

Kaal Bhairav Rahasya (season 2) is an Indian television soap opera thriller series.
The series will be produced by Ravi Garahni and directed by Dharmesh Shah. It premiered in 2018, broadcast on Star Bharat.
It stars Gautam Rode and Additi Gupta in the lead roles.

Cast
 Gautam Rode
 Additi Gupta

References

2017 Indian television series debuts
Indian television series
Mystery television series
Hindi-language television series
Common wood pigeon

The common wood pigeon (Columba palumbus) is a large species of pigeon. It is found mostly in Europe but also in western Asia.

The wood pigeon is mostly grey, with large white patches on both sides of the neck.

Related pages 
Pigeon

References 

Doves
Birds of Asia
Birds of Europe
Searcy County, Arkansas

Searcy County is a county of the U.S. state of Arkansas. As of the 2010 census, the population was 8,195. The county seat is Marshall. It was founded on December 13, 1838.

References 

1830s establishments in Arkansas
1838 establishments in the United States
Sevier County, Arkansas

Sevier County is a county of the U.S. state of Arkansas. As of the 2010 census, the population was 17,058. The county seat is De Queen. It was founded on October 17, 1828.

References 

1820s establishments in Arkansas Territory
1828 establishments in the United States
Arkansas counties
Sharp County, Arkansas

Sharp County is a county in the U.S. state of Arkansas. As of the 2010 census, the population was 17,264. The county seat is Ash Flat. The county was created on July 18, 1868, and named for Ephraim Sharp, a state legislator from the area.

References 

1860s establishments in Arkansas
1868 establishments in the United States
Arkansas counties
St. Francis County, Arkansas

St. Francis County is a county of the U.S. state of Arkansas. As of the 2010 census, the population was 28,258. The county seat is Forrest City. The county was founded on October 13, 1827, and named for the St. Francis River.

References 

1820s establishments in Arkansas Territory
1827 establishments in the United States
Arkansas counties
Stone County, Arkansas

Stone County is a county of the U.S. state of Arkansas. As of the 2010 census, the population was 12,394. The county seat is Mountain View. It was founded on April 21, 1873.

References 

1873 establishments in Arkansas
Arkansas counties
Van Buren County, Arkansas

Van Buren County is a county of the U.S. state of Arkansas. As of the 2010 census, the population was 17,295. The county seat is Clinton. The county was formed on November 11, 1833, and named for Martin Van Buren, 8th President of the United States (1837–1841).

References 

1833 establishments in Arkansas Territory
White County, Arkansas

White County is a county located in the U.S. state of Arkansas. As of the 2010 census, the population was 77,076. The county seat is Searcy. It was founded on October 23, 1835.

References 

Arkansas counties
1835 establishments in Arkansas Territory
Woodruff County, Arkansas

Woodruff County is a county in the Arkansas Delta of the U.S. state of Arkansas. As of the 2010 census, the population was 7,260. The county seat is Augusta.  It was founded on November 26, 1862.

References 

1860s establishments in Arkansas
1862 establishments in the United States
Arkansas counties
Northwest Arctic Borough, Alaska

Northwest Arctic Borough is a borough in the U.S. state of Alaska. As of the 2010 census, the population was 7,523. The borough seat is Kotzebue. The borough was created on June 2, 1986.

References 

20th-century establishments in Alaska
1986 establishments in the United States
Alaska boroughs
Lauwil

Lauwil is a municipality of the district of Waldenburg in the canton of Basel-Landschaft in Switzerland.

References 

Municipalities of Basel-Landschaft
Bandama River

The Bandama River is the longest river in the Ivory Coast, with a length of about .

Rivers of Africa
Ivory Coast
Liedertswil

Liedertswil (Swiss German: Tschoppehof) is a municipality in the district Waldenburg in the canton of Basel-Landschaft in Switzerland.

References 

Municipalities of Basel-Landschaft
Münchenstein

Münchenstein (Swiss German: Minggestai) is a municipality of the district of Arlesheim in the canton of Basel-Landschaft in Switzerland.

References

Other websites 

 Official website 
 Clubs named in the website IGOM  

Municipalities of Basel-Landschaft
Cities in Switzerland
Alicia, Arkansas

Alicia is a town in the US state of Arkansas.

Towns in Arkansas
Ugo De Censi

Ugo De Censi Scarafoni (January 26, 1924 – December 2, 2018) was an Italian-Peruvian priest. He was born in Polaggia, Italy. He was the founder of Operazione Mato Grosso (Operation Mato Grosso). He was the parish priest of San Martin Pope Chacas, Ancash, Asunción, Peru from 1976 until his death in 2018.

De Censi died on December 2, 2018 in Lima, Peru at the age of 94.

References

1924 births
2018 deaths
Italian Roman Catholics
Peruvian people
Roman Catholic priests
Markus Beyer

Markus Beyer (28 April 1971 – 3 December 2018) was a German professional boxer. He was born in Erlabrunn, East Germany. Beyer won the WBC super middleweight title. 

Beyer was an amateur he represented Germany at the 1992 and 1996 Olympics in the light middleweight division. He also won a bronze medal at the 1995 World Amateur Boxing Championships and silver at the 1996 European Amateur Boxing Championships.

Beyer died on 3 December 2018 in Berlin at the age of 47.

References

1971 births
2018 deaths
German Olympians
Boxers
Selma Engel-Wijnberg

Selma Engel-Wijnberg (born Saartje (Selme) Wijnberg; 15 May 1922 – 4 December 2018) was a Dutch Jewish Holocaust survivor. She successfully escaped from Sobibor extermination camp and survived the war. Engel-Wijnberg came to the United States from Israel with her family in 1957. She returned to Europe only to testify against the war criminals of Sobibor.

Engel-Wijnberg died in Branford, Connecticut on 4 December 2018 at the age of 96.

References

1922 births
2018 deaths
Dutch Jews
Holocaust survivors
Israeli Jews
Jewish American writers
Naturalized citizens of Israel
Naturalized citizens of the United States
People from Groningen (city)
Boolean data type

A Boolean data type is a data type that can be either one of these two values: true or false. The boolean data type was originally added to the C++ language by the ISO/ANSI(International Standards Organization/American National Standards Organization) committee in 1998. Type bool expressions are named after the English mathematician George Boole, who formulated rules for mathematical logic. Boolean expressions also end up with a value of either true or false. Boolean expressions are used in branching and looping statements. In programming, a boolean can be used with conditional statements (statements that only happen when the right condition is met).

Examples
An example of a boolean in pseudocode:
if (Boolean_Expression)

{

Yes_Statement_1

...

Yes_Statement_Last

}

else

{

No_Statement_1

...

No_Statement_Last

}

Boolean data types can also be used with other booleans inside of conditional statements using a conjunction operator. For example: 

if (Boolean_Expression1 and Boolean_Expression2)

{

Yes_Statement_First

...

Yes_Statement_Last

}

else

{ 

No_Statement_First

...

No_Statement_Last

}

It can also be used with a disjunction operator:

if (Boolean_Expression1 or Boolean_Expression2)

{

Yes_Statement_First

...

Yes_Statement_Last

}

Computer science
Boolean algebra
Nika Rurua

Nikoloz Rurua (, 17 March 1968 – 4 December 2018) was a Georgian politician. He was a member of the Cabinet of Georgia as Minister of Culture and Monument Protection of Georgia from 10 December 2008 until 25 October 2012 during the Mikheil Saakashvili presidency. He was born in Tbilisi, Georgia.

Rurua died of a heart attack at his Tbilisi apartment on 4 December 2018, aged 50.

References

1968 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Politicians from Georgia (country)
Civil servants
Philip Bosco

Philip Michael Bosco (September 26, 1930 – December 3, 2018) was an American actor. He was born in Jersey City, New Jersey. He was known for his Tony Award-winning role as Saunders in the 1989 production of Lend Me a Tenor. He was a regular actor in the Law & Order television series and in the FX series Damages. His last movie role was as Mr. O'Brien in the 2005 comedy movie Hitch.

Bosco died at his home in Haworth, New Jersey of complications from dementia on December 3, 2018 at the age of 88.

References

Other websites

1930 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from dementia
Disease-related deaths in New Jersey
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
Actors from New Jersey
People from Jersey City, New Jersey
Bennington County, Vermont

Bennington County is a county of Vermont in the United States. At the 2010 census, 37,125 people lived there. The shire towns (county seats) are Bennington and Manchester.

Vermont counties
Prince of Wales–Hyder Census Area, Alaska

Prince of Wales–Hyder Census Area is a census area located in the U.S. state of Alaska. As of the 2010 census, the population was 5,559. It is part of the Unorganized Borough and therefore has no borough seat. Its largest communities are Craig and Metlakatla.

References 

Alaska census areas
Southeast Fairbanks Census Area, Alaska

Southeast Fairbanks Census Area is a census area in the U.S. state of Alaska. As of the 2010 census, the population was 7,029. It is part of the Unorganized Borough and therefore has no borough seat. Its largest communities are Deltana and Tok, both unincorporated CDPs.

References 

Alaska census areas
Valdez–Cordova Census Area, Alaska

The Valdez–Cordova Census Area was a census area in the U.S. state of Alaska. As of the 2010 census, the population was 9,636. It was part of the Unorganized Borough and therefore has no borough seat. Its largest communities were Valdez and Cordova.

In January 2019, the United States Census Bureau, in cooperation with the state of Alaska, divided the area into two new census areas.
 Chugach, covering coastal regions
 Copper River, covering inland regions

References 

Alaska census areas
Kusilvak Census Area, Alaska

Kusilvak Census Area, formerly known as Wade Hampton Census Area, is a census area in the U.S. state of Alaska. As of the 2010 census, the population was 7,459. It is part of the Unorganized Borough and therefore has no borough seat. Its largest community is the city of Hooper Bay, on the Bering Sea coast.

References 

Alaska census areas
Petersburg Census Area, Alaska

Petersburg Census Area was a census area in the U.S. state of Alaska. It was part of the Unorganized Borough and therefore has no borough seat. Its largest community was Petersburg. The population was 3,815 at the 2010 census. It was previously known as the Wrangell-Petersburg Census Area until June 1, 2008, when Wrangell, formerly a part of the census area, was incorporated as a city-and-borough.

References 

Alaska census areas
Petersburg Borough, Alaska

Petersburg Borough is a borough in the U.S. state of Alaska.  According to Census Bureau estimates, the population was 3,196 in 2016. The borough seat is Petersburg.  Petersburg is the most recently created county equivalent in the United States.

The borough was incorporated in 2013, it took area from the Hoonah–Angoon Census Area and the former Petersburg Census Area. The remaining part of Petersburg Census Area (including Kake) was added to Prince of Wales–Hyder Census Area. It was created in 2008 from the remaining part of Wrangell–Petersburg Census Area upon the incorporation of the City and Borough of Wrangell.

References 

Alaska boroughs
Canadian Eskimo Dog

The Canadian Eskimo Dog is an Arctic breed of working dog. Another name for it is qimmiq, and it was brought to North America from Siberia by the Thule people.

References 

Dog breeds
Refresh rate

A refresh rate is simply the amount of images shown on a screen per second. The general specs one will see for it will be 60 Hz, or 120 Hz. It is measured in Hz which is a measurement of frequency. In this case, 60 Hz will denote that the frequency at which pictures are shown for that screen is 60 images per second. It is a common property of monitors or televisions and it will dictate the maximum frames per second (fps) that the system is able to put out. For example, having a game running at 128 fps will show no improvements if the screen it's being played on has a refresh rate of 60 Hz. In that case, the screen can't keep up with how fast the game wants to show images, so it will default at 60 fps as it's fastest speed.

As the refresh rate of a screen is increased, the amount of images shown is doubled and there are more noticeable changes in terms of picture quality. Depending on what's being displayed on the screen, the jump from 60 Hz to 120 Hz is the line between whether or not you're going to be able to see motion blur when pictures are moving too fast for the screen to handle. But commonly, most streaming services and television shows will run at a maximum of 60 Hz, so unless one plans to do extensive gaming and wants optimal visuals, having a screen with a 60 Hz refresh rate will do the trick for most cases.

Display technology
Ketchikan Gateway Borough, Alaska

Ketchikan Gateway Borough is a borough in the U.S. state of Alaska. As of the 2010 census, the population was 13,477. The borough seat is Ketchikan.

References 

Alaska boroughs
Kodiak Island Borough, Alaska

Kodiak Island Borough is a borough in the U.S. state of Alaska. As of the 2010 census, the population was 13,592. The borough seat is Kodiak.

References 

Alaska boroughs
Lake and Peninsula Borough, Alaska

Lake and Peninsula Borough is a borough in the U.S. state of Alaska. As of the 2010 census, the population was 1,631. The borough seat of King Salmon is located in neighboring Bristol Bay Borough, although is not the seat of that borough. The most populous community in the borough is the city of Newhalen.

References 

Alaska boroughs
Matanuska-Susitna Borough, Alaska

Matanuska-Susitna Borough (often referred to as the Mat-Su Borough) is a borough in the U.S. state of Alaska. As of the 2010 census, the population was 88,995. The borough seat is Palmer, and largest city is Wasilla.

References 

Alaska boroughs
Imboden, Arkansas

Imboden is a city in the US state of Arkansas.

Cities in Arkansas
StarPlus

StarPlus is an Indian pay television channel owned by Star India. The network's programming includes family dramas, comedies, youth-oriented reality shows, shows on crime and television films. It is also distributed internationally by Fox Networks Group, subsidiary of 21st Century Fox.

History
It was first launched on 21 February 1992. It was an English-language television channel showing international TV shows from the U.S., the UK and Australia, with Zee TV being the Hindi-language counterpart. After Star ended its relationship with Zee TV, Star Plus was turned into a Hindi-language channel. Star World became the network's English-language counterpart channel.

In 2000, the company's CEO Sameer Nair and programming chief Tarun Katial introduced a number of new shows. It helped to solidify the channel's position as the leader in the Hindi-language television broadcasting area.

Programming

References

Television channels in India
1990s establishments in India
1992 establishments in Asia
Bogosort

The Bogosort is considered one of the worst sorting algorithms. It works by creating random arrangements of given values and randomly moving them until they are sorted. It is not effective for any form of sorting.

Algorithm 
The Bogosort first takes in a set of values from a user. Next it randomly arranges these values.
If the values are now in a sorted order, then the function is finished, else the function repeats itself.

A working analogy for the Bogosort is to sort a deck of cards by throwing them into the air, picking them up at random, and repeating the process until they are sorted.

Implementation 
 Have a set of values to test.
Sort using Bogo (Randomly arrange values).
Check if the new arrangement of values is sorted.
If sorted, then end the function.
If not sorted, then repeat step 2.

Simple Example 

Array = (3,1 ,5 ,7 ,8 ,9)

1st shuffling = (1,3,7,8,9,5)

2nd shuffling = (3,7,8,6,9,1)

3rd shuffling = (7,6,3,8,9,1)

4th shuffling = (6,7,8,9,3,1)

5th shuffling = (3,6,7,8,9,1)

(continued shuffling) ...

(After final shuffling): Sorted Array = (1,3,6,7,8,9)

Coding Example 
The following code is done in Python 3:import random 

def is_sorted(data): 
    for i in range(len(data) - 1): 
        if data[i] > data[i + 1]:
            return False
        return True

def bogosort(data):
    while not is_sorted(data): 
        random.shuffle(data)
    return data
 
Searching and sorting algorithms
Coat of arms of Peru

The Coat of arms of Peru is the national symbolic emblem of Peru. Four types are used: the Coat of Arms (); the National Coat of Arms, or National Shield (); the Great Seal of the State (); and the Naval Coat of Arms ().

Peru
Peru
Heraldry
Anwil

Anwil is a municipality of the district of Sissach in the canton of Basel-Landschaft in Switzerland.

References 

Municipalities of Basel-Landschaft
Rothenfluh

Rothenfluh is a municipality of the district of Sissach in the canton of Basel-Landschaft in Switzerland.

References 

Municipalities of Basel-Landschaft
Nusshof

Nusshof is a municipality of the district of Sissach in the canton of Basel-Landschaft in Switzerland.

References 

Municipalities of Basel-Landschaft
The Rachel Maddow Show

The Rachel Maddow Show (also abbreviated TRMS) is a daily news and opinion television program that airs on MSNBC, running in the 9:00 pm ET timeslot Monday through Friday. It is hosted by Rachel Maddow, who gained popularity with her frequent appearances as a liberal pundit on various MSNBC programs. It is based on her former radio show of the same name. The show debuted on September 8, 2008.

Other websites
 Send it to Rachel!
 
 
 

2000s American television series
2010s American television series
2008 American television series debuts
American television news programs
American television talk shows
English-language television programs
Procedural animation

Procedural animation refers to rule-based or algorithmic method of creating computer graphics animation.

Procedural animation vs. traditional animation 
With traditional animation method, every principal animation poses are specified by an animator at a specific point in the animation timeline. By setting these poses, an animator can artistically direct how the geometry will be framed in some key events. These poses are in the same sense as how a person may pose for photography session. Note that every shapes and objects in computer graphics are considered as geometry. With key events specified, the animation software will then automatically fill the intermediary motions between key points, thereby creating continuous motion throughout the timeline without requiring additional works by an animator.

Procedural animation is a rule-base approach to creating animations. These rules are typically some form of mathematical or statistical functions which tell the animation software how an object is to be animated. In order for the geometry to be animated, these functions typically require some form of time-based variable as its input. Therefore, one can apply a chain of logical rules and algorithms to create animations without manually specify any key poses.

Procedural modeling 
In computer graphics, modeling refers to an act of digitally sculpting a model. As one creates rule-based animation, procedural modeling then refers to same rule-based, algorithmic approach to creating geometry. Procedural modeling differs from procedural animation in that time-based variable is not required.

Proceduralism 
Amongst some group of animators within computer graphics industry, procedural modeling and animation method is also known as proceduralism.

Advantages and disadvantages of proceduralism 
In order to maximize artistic impact of their craft, animators employ traditional animation techniques to set pose manually at a specific point in time. When the objects to be animated become significantly more complex, traditional animation techniques may not be feasible. Therefore, proceduralism offers significant advantage as complexities increase significantly. While proceduralism enables its practitioners to create infinite variation of models and animations, specific key pose is often left as random chance. Therefore, computer graphics animator must decide between the combinations of both techniques in order to achieve the desired outcome.

Applications of procedural animation 
Procedural animation is used extensively in visual effects for movie and gaming industry where animation data and geometry must be generated with certain random probability in order to simulate physical world.

Animation
Pygame

Pygame is a programming library for Python to make video games. It can do computer graphics and sound.

Other websites 
 

Libraries
Computer programming
Donald Bren School of Information and Computer Sciences

The Donald Bren School of Information and Computer Sciences is an academic unit of University of California, Irvine (UCI). The school of ICS consists of three departments: Computer Science, Informatics, and Statistics. It is also the only computer science dedicated school within the UC system.

University of California, Irvine's School of ICS has three departments: Computer Science, Informatics, and Statistics. It's the only computer science school in UC system. In 2004, Donald Bren donated $20 million and in his honor, the school was renamed after his name, Donald Bren School of Information and Computer Sciences.

History 
The Department of ICS was first established as an independent department back in 1968, and in 2002 it was officially declared as a school. 

During 2004, the school received an anonymous donation of $20 million, and the donor was later revealed to be Donald Bren. Because of his generous act, the school was then renamed after him “Donald Bren School of Information and Computer Sciences”.

Academics

Undergraduate 
Donald Bren offers 8 undergraduate majors-

 Biomedical Computing
 Business Information Management
 Computer Game Science
 Computer Science & Engineering
 Computer Science
 Informatics
 Information and Computer Science
 Software Engineering

ICS school also offers certifies specialization within the major-

 Artificial Intelligence
 Computer System
 Implementation and Analysis of Algorithms
 Information Systems
 Networks and Distributed Systems
 Software Systems

Graduate 

The ICS school offers 11 master's and 7 doctorate level graduate programs.

People 
Currently, the Dean of the Donald Bren School is Marios Papaefthymiou.

Notable people graduated from the school include: Roy Fielding, Patrick Hanratty, Paul Mockapetris, Steven Joe.

Facilities 
The school has three buildings associated with it. The three buildings encompass over 100,000 square feet of space. The three buildings are the Information and Computer Science building, Information and Computer Science 2, and Donald Bren Hall.

References 
 https://www.ics.uci.edu/
 http://catalogue.uci.edu/donaldbrenschoolofinformationandcomputersciences/

Colleges and universities in California