cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Jefferson salamander

The Jefferson salamander (Ambystoma jeffersonianum) is a mole salamander. They live in northeastern United States, southern Ontario and southwestern Quebec. It was named after Jefferson College in Pennsylvania.

It is usually dark gray, brown or black. Others can have silver or blue spots on their sides. These salamanders are very skinny with a wide nose and long toes. They can reach up to 11 to 18 cm.

Like other mole salamanders, the Jefferson salamander burrows. They have lungs that helps them to dig. They are only active at night. They are only active in the day when its mating season. They will breed in early spring after snow has melted in their area.

References

Other websites 
 Environment Canada - Species at Risk: Jefferson Salamander 
 Amphibians of Canada: Jefferson salamander 
 US Geological Survey - Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center: Jefferson Salamander
 Ohio History Central: Jefferson Salamander
 Jefferson Salamander species account and conservation status

Salamanders
California giant salamander

The California giant salamander (Dicamptodon ensatus) is a species of salamanders. They are part of the family Dicamptodontidae. They live in California and western United States. They are related to the Idaho giant salamander, Pacific giant salamander and the Coastal giant salamander.

Other websites

Salamanders
Tatsuya Fuji

, also known as Tatsuya Itou, is a Japanese actor.

Early life  
He was born in Beijing, China and grew up in Yokohama, Kanagawa. When he was a student of Nihon University College of Art, he was spotted and recruited as a fresh actor by Nikkatsu.

Career
Fuji made his debut on films from Nikkatsu(Japanese film distributing agency) in 1962. His first movie is "Bokyo-no-Umi". He is the first actor who trains his body for acting in Japan. Early in his career, he was often assigned the role of a villain, but ever since then, he has acted various kind of role. In the Nagisa Oshima's film "In the Realm of the Senses", he acted in a passionate and violent love scene, and the movie caused a lot of fuss. 

Selected movies
In the Realm of the Senses (1976)KESHIN (1986)
Akarui mirai (2003)Umizaru (2004)
Rikidosan (2004)Midnight Eagle (2007)
Kansen Retto (2008)Soup Opera (2010)

References 

Japanese movie actors
Japanese voice actors
1941 births
Living people
Actors from Beijing
Bolitoglossa

Bolitoglossa is a genus of salamanders. They are also called tropical climbing salamanders and web-footed salamanders. They are part of the Plethodontidae family. They live in Central America and South America. They are terrestrial amphibians.

Species
117 species are currently assigned to this genus.

Other websites 
 . 2008. Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 5.2 (15 July, 2008). Bolitoglossa. Electronic Database accessible at http://research.amnh.org/herpetology/amphibia/index.php. American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA. (Accessed: July 29, 2008). 
  [web application]. 2008. Berkeley, California: Bolitoglossa. AmphibiaWeb, available at http://amphibiaweb.org/. (Accessed: July 29, 2008). 
 Tree of Life: Bolitoglossa

Salamanders
Green toad

Green toad  (Anaxyrus debilis) is a species of toads. They live in southwestern United States in states like Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado, Kansas and Texas. They can also be found in northern Mexico in states like Tamaulipas, San Luis Potosí, Durango and Zacatecas.

Green toads are green or yellow with black spots. They are not a large toad. They grow up to 2 inches. They are only active at night. They will breed in spring, summer and autumn. Males will call a female to lay her eggs in his territory.

Subspecies 
Eastern green toad, Bufo debilis debilis—Smith, 1950
Western green toad, Bufo debilis insidior—Smith, 1950

Other websites 
  (2004) The history of a Nearctic colonization: Molecular phylogenetics and biogeography of the Nearctic toads (Bufo). Evolution 58: 2517–2535.
  Database entry includes a range map and a brief justification of why this species is of least concern
Amphibian Species of the World: Bufo debilis

Toads
Smooth newt

The Smooth Newt is a species of newts. They are also known as the Common Newt. It is the most common newt species of the Lissotriton genus of amphibians. They live in Europe, southern France and the Iberian peninsula.

References

Other websites

 

Newts
Midwife toad

The Midwife toad (Alytes) is a genus of frogs. They part of the Discoglossidae family. They live in most of Europe and northwestern Africa. They look like toads because of their hard skin. They get their name because they take care of their young on their backs. They help them from not being eaten from hungry animals. When they hatch the frog will go back to the water and allow them to swim away.

Species

Books 
 Carl Vogt: Untersuchungen über die Entwicklungsgeschichte der Geburtshelferkröte. (Alytes obstetricians), Solothurn: Jent und Gassman, (1842), pp 130
 Arthur Koestler, The Case of the Midwife Toad, London:  Hutchinson, 1971.

Frogs
Van Dyke's salamander

Van Dyke's salamander (Plethodon vandykei) is a species of salamanders. They are part of the family Plethodontidae. These salamanders have been used in research studies.

Subspecies 
Washington Salamander, Plethodon vandykei vandykei
Coeur D'Alene Salamander, Plethodon vandykei idahoensis

References

Other websites 
 Pictures 
Distribution Map

Salamanders
Potamogeton

Potamogeton is a genus of aquatic plants. They live in freshwater such as ponds and lakes. They part of the family Potamogentonaceae. Their common name is pondweed. The genus name means "river neighbor". They are also a food source for many fish and algae eaters.

Alismatales
Aquatic plants
Filter feeder

Filter feeders are animals that feed on matter and food particles from water. Some animals that do this are clams, krill, sponges, baleen whales and many fish such as sharks. Some birds such as flamingos are also filter feeders. Filter feeders can help clear water.

Books
 
 Some aspects of water filtering activity of filter-feeders // Hydrobiologia. 2005. Vol. 542, No. 1. P. 275 – 286

Other websites
Filter feeder of krill 

Animals
Ecology
Surinam horned toad

Ceratophrys is a genus of frogs. They are part of the family Leptodactylidae. They are also part of the subfamily Ceratophryinae. They are also known as South American horned frogs as well as Pacman frogs. This is because they look like the video game character Pac-Man.

Images 

Frogs
Woomera Test Range

The RAAF Woomera Test Range is a weapons testing facility in South Australia. It is run by the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF). It covers and area of , and is the world's largest weapons test facility on land. The range is a restricted area, called the Woomera Prohibited Area. The airspace above it is also restricted, and is called the Woomera Restricted Airspace.

The range was originally set up as a place for the British to test missiles during World War II. The British asked to do weapons testing here (in the centre of Australia), because not many people lived there. A Commonwealth weapons design and test project, called the Australian-Anglo Joint Project, was signed in 1946. The range originally had an area of .

Between 1955 and 1963, the British ran a series of seven nuclear-weapon tests at Maralinga, then inside the range. The Joint Project ran until 1980, when the British withdrew from the program. The range is still used as a testing site by the Australian Defence Force. Access is leased to foreign militaries and private companies for their own testing of weapons.

It is named after the Dharuk word for a spear-thrower.

References

Other websites
Official website 

Military of Australia
South Australia
Balgo, Western Australia

Balgo is a small community in Western Australia. It is surrounded by the Great Sandy Desert and the Tanami Desert. It is an Aboriginal community; the area is traditionally Kukatja country. There are also some Pintupi families living there, who were displaced in the 1950s and 1960s. Many of them came to live here from Papunya, including some of the original artists of the Papunya Tula movement. Many of them later left Balgo when Kintore and Kiwirrkurra were set up in the 1980s. In 2006, Balgo had about 460 people living there.

Other websites

 Warlayirti Artists and Cultural Centre
 Luurnpa School Website
 Balgo Adult Education Centre Website 
 Kutjungka Parish Website 

Towns in Western Australia
Indigenous Australian communities
Komatsu, Ishikawa

Komatsu is a city in Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan.
It is in the southern part of the prefecture, near the Sea of Japan.

Cities in Japan
Settlements in Ishikawa Prefecture
Charles Perkins

Charles Nelson Perkins, AO, (16 June 1936 – 19 October 2000) was an Australian activist and Aboriginal leader. He was also a professional football player.

Perkins grew up in Alice Springs. His mother was Arrernte, and his father was Kalkadoon. He later moved to Sydney, and graduated from the University of Sydney in 1965. He was the first indigenous Australian to graduate from a university.

Perkins campaigned for Aboriginal land rights. In 1965, he was an important person in the Freedom Ride campaign, which aimed to raise public awareness of the standards of living, literacy and health conditions among the Aboriginal population. The group was famous for publicising acts of discrimination.

Perkins was also important in the campaign for the referendum in 1967, which allowed Aboriginal people to be counted in censuses, and parliament to make special laws specifically for Aboriginal people. From 1969, Perkins worked as a public servant in the Ministry of Aboriginal Affairs. He was made permanent secretary of this department in 1981, which made him the first Aboriginal to become the permanent head of a federal government department. He served as secretary until 1988.

Perkins died in October 2000 of kidney failure.

References

Further reading

Other websites

1936 births
2000 deaths
Indigenous Australian politics
Indigenous Australian activists
Australian footballers
Order of Australia
Australian politicians
Arrernte
University of Sydney alumni
People from Alice Springs
Indigenous Australian sportspeople
Kottabos (Kleophrades Painter)

Kottabos Player is an Attic red-figure terracotta kylix said to have been painted by someone close to the Kleophrades Painter. It dates to the Greek Archaic period, about 500 BC. The kylix's height with handles is 3 3/16 in. (8.1 cm) and its width with handles is 10 1/16 in. (25.5 cm). 

The diameter of the bowl is 7 5/8 in. (19.3 cm).  The kylix is in the collections of the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City. The figure is a symposiast playing a party game called kottabos. He is about to fling the last of the wine in his cup at a lamp stand in an attempt to knock the lamp stand's finial off. The winner was he who did so.

References 
 

Ancient Greek pottery
Ancient Greek paintings
Kleophrades Painter

The Kleophrades Painter was a red-figure Athenian vase painter. His real name is unknown. His name is taken from a potter's signature on a vase. He was active from about 510470 BC. His work is considered some of the finest of the red figure style. He was probably the pupil of Euthymides, one of the red-figure Pioneers. His work is identified by its stylistic traits. He was very productive. More than 100 vases of his work have survived. He worked in both black- and red- figure styles and techniques. He was conservative, often using old-fashioned techniques. His subjects were traditional but with a emphasis on the Trojan War. He preferred painting large vessels such as amphores.

Related pages 
 Kottabos (Kleophrades Painter)

References

Other websites 
 

Ancient Greek painters
Clyde Holding

Allan Clyde Holding (27 April 1931 – 31 July 2011) was an Australian politician. He was Leader of the Opposition in Victoria for ten years, and was later a federal minister. He was a member of the Australian Labor Party.

Holding was elected to the Victorian Legislative Assembly for the seat of Richmond in 1962. He was a strong supporter of indigenous Australian rights (including land rights) and national aid for schools. In 1977, he was elected to the House of Representatives as member for Melbourne Ports. When Bob Hawke became Prime Minister in 1983, he put Holding in charge of Aboriginal Affairs. During his term, Holding tried to make federal laws for Aboriginal land rights. But Brian Burke, the Labor Premier of Western Australia, did not want this, because it would have upset the mining and agricultural industries, which were very important to his state. Holding was forced by Hawke to drop the proposal. In 1987, he was moved to the Ministry of Employment Services and Youth Affairs. The next year, he was made Minister for Transport, and then later Minister for Immigration.

References

1931 births
2011 deaths
Politicians from Melbourne
Australian Labor Party politicians
Government ministers of Australia
Kottabos

Kottabos () was a party game played at symposia in Ancient Greece. It was popular in the 5th and 4th centuries BC. It was also popular with the Etruscans. The game is played by flinging a bit of wine from one's cup at targets. The player would utter the name of his lover. The game was probably of Sicilian origin but spread throughout the Greek world. Many Greek poets mention the game in their works. By the time of the Roman Empire and the Age of Alexander the Great, the game had died out. It is not mentioned in Latin literature.

References 

Ancient Greece
Games
Charlie McMahon

Charlie McMahon (born in the Blue Mountains, New South Wales in 1951) is an Australian didgeridoo player. He was one of the first non-Aboriginal musicians to become a famous player of the instrument. He is probably one of the most famous players of the instrument around the world.

The band in which he became famous was called Gondwanaland. He has toured across Australia, often visiting remote communities in the outback, and also in Europe and the United States. He often played gigs with Midnight Oil. McMahon's style became an influence for many well-known didgeridoo players. He is also the inventor of the "didjeribone", a sliding didgeridoo made of plastic, played in a similar way to the trombone.

References

Other websites
Official site

1951 births
Living people
Musicians from New South Wales
Didgeridoo players
Symposium

A symposium (plural: symposia) was a drinking party in Ancient Greece. Guests were males. Well bred women did not attend. Boys or slave girls served the food and drink, danced, juggled, played music, or otherwise entertained the assembly. These servers were usually nude. The symposium was an aristocratic institution often held to celebrate a young man's entry into adult society, an athletic victory, or a poetic achievement. It was an occasion for male conversation and debate. Party-goers reclined on couches and pillows. Guests played a game called kottabos, wrestled, and held song contests. A symposium is described in Plato's The Symposium. The party is attended by Socrates and the young, drunken, and nearly nude Alcibiades.

Ancient Greece
Social events
Foster Brooks

Foster Brooks (May 11, 1912 – December 20, 2001) was an American movie, television, radio, stage actor, singer, entertainer, television personality and comedian. He was known for playing a lovable drunken man in nightclubs and television shows. Brooks is also known for appearing in The Dean Martin celebrity roasts. 

Brooks was born in Louisville, Kentucky. Brooks was married twice. First to Loretta Brooks from 1933 until they divorced in 1950. And to Teri Brooks from 1950 until his death in 2001. Brooks died on December 20, 2001 from heart failure in his Encino, Los Angeles, California home, aged 89.

References

Other websites

1912 births
2001 deaths
Deaths from heart failure
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American radio actors
Comedians from Kentucky
American television personalities
American radio personalities
Actors from Louisville, Kentucky
Singers from Kentucky
Bob Knight

Robert Montgomery "Bob" Knight (born October 25 1940) is a retired American basketball sports coach. He won over 900 NCAA Division I men's college basketball games. Knight is well known as the head coach of the Indiana Hoosiers from 1971–2000. He also coached for the Texas Tech from 2001–2008.

Knight was born in Massillon, Ohio. He studied at Ohio State University.

He has been praised for having a clean program. None of his teams was ever sanctioned by the NCAA for any recruitment violations. He has, however, attracted some controversy for throwing a chair across the courts during a game. He was once arrested for assault. He was fired from Indiana in mid September 2000.

In April 2015, it was announced that ESPN would not sign Knight's contract for another season.

References

Other websites

Sportspeople from Ohio
College basketball coaches
1940 births
Living people
Controversies
Basketball players
James Michael Tyler

James Michael Tyler (May 28, 1962 – October 24, 2021) was an American actor. He was best known for playing Gunther in the sitcom series Friends. Tyler was born in Greenwood, Mississippi and was raised in Winona, Mississippi.

Personal life
In June 2021, Tyler said he was diagnosed with stage-4 prostate cancer back in 2018. He died from the disease at his Los Angeles, California home on October 24, 2021 at the age of 59.

Filmography
 The Disturbance at Dinner (1998)
 Foreign Correspondents (1999)
 Motel Blue (1999)
 Live With It (2008)
 Jason's Big Problem (2010)

Television
 Friends (1994 – 2004)
 Just Shoot Me! (2000)
 Sabrina, the Teenage Witch (2001)
 Scrubs (2005)
 Iron Chef America 
 ICarly (2011) 
 Episodes

Music videos
 Come Tomorrow

References

Other websites
 

1962 births
2021 deaths
Actors from Mississippi
People from Winona, Mississippi
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American voice actors
Deaths from prostate cancer
Choi Chang-ik

Choi Chang-ik (hangul:최창익, hanja:崔昌益, 1896-1957), also known as Choe Chang Ik, was a North Korean soldier and politician.

Career
In the early North Korean government, Choi was Deputy Prime Minister from 1952 to 1956.

In a 1956-1957 purge, he was removed from government by forces led by Kim Il-sung.  He was expelled from the Korean Workers' Party.

Related pages 
 Kim Du-bong
 Kim Won-bong

References

Other websites 
 최창익 [崔昌益, 1896~1956] at Naver Encyclopedia 

1896 births
1957 deaths
North Korean politicians
List of record labels: R–Z



R

S

T

U

V

W

X

Y

Z

R-Z
Kim Tu-bong

Kim Tu-bong (March 16, 1886 – 1958) was a Korean linguist, politician, and the first North Korean head of state.

Career
In 1946, Kim became Chairman of the Workers Party of North Korea. 

From 1948 until 1958, he was Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Assembly.

References

1886 births
1958 deaths
North Korean politicians
Echis

Echis is a genus of venomous vipers found in dry regions of Africa, Middle East, Pakistan, India, and Sri Lanka. The name "Echis" is a Greek word which means "viper". Echis is also known as the "Saw-scaled Vipers", or the "Carpet Vipers". They are responsible for most of the snakebites and deaths in the world. There is currently eight species found.

Description
The Saw-scaled Vipers are a small group of snakes, with adults growing up to the length of 90 cm (36 in). Its head is short, wide and pear-shaped, its snout is short and round, and it has large eyes.

Where it lives
The Saw-scaled Viper is found in dry regions (like deserts) in Africa, the Middle East, Pakistan, India, and Sri Lanka.

Diet
Not much is known about what the Saw-scaled Vipers eat, but some say they eats beetles, spiders, scorpions, centipedes, other snakes, small mammals and birds.

Reproduction
Most species of the Saw-scaled Viper, like the ones found in Africa, are oviparous meaning they lay eggs, while other species, like the ones found in India, are viviparous meaning they give live birth.

Species
 Indian Saw-scaled Viper, E. carinatus
 Palestine Saw-scaled Viper, E. coloratus
 Hughes' Saw-scaled Viper, E. hughesi
 Jogers' Saw-scaled Viper, E. jogeri
 White-bellied Carpet Viper, E. leucogaster
 Cherlin's Saw-scaled Viper, E. megalocephalus
 African Saw-scaled Viper, E. ocellatus
 Egyptian Saw-scaled Viper, E. pyramidum

Vipers
Atheris

Atheris is a genus of venomous vipers found only in rain forest areas of Sub-Saharan Africa. There are currently eight species found. Atheris are commonly known as "Bush Vipers". They are all arboreal (meaning they live in trees), but they can sometimes be seen on the ground.

Description
Bush Vipers are small snakes, with adults growing to the size of around 40 to 78 cm. They all have broad, triangular heads with large eyes and a slender body.

Where they live
The Bush Viper lives in rain forest areas of Sub-Saharan Africa, far from humans, but some Bush Vipers are threatened because of habitat loss. 

 thumb | right | 250px | The head of a Variable Bush Viper

Feeding
Bush Vipers eat small amphibians like frogs, and toads, reptiles like lizards and other snakes, rodents and birds. They ambush their prey by hanging on to a branch of a tree, waiting for a prey to come close, then jump on the prey and inject venom, and then swallow it. Some Bush Vipers in zoos only eat mice and small birds, but there have been reports on some eating each other.

Reproduction
All Bush Vipers are viviparous, meaning they give live birth. They mate between September and November, and females give to their young in March or April.

Venom
The venom of Bush Vipers is hemotoxic, it causes pain, swelling, and stop blood clotting. There is no antivenom, but there has been reports on Echis antivenom working on some Bush Viper's bites.

Species
 Atheris anisolepis
 Horned Bush Viper, A. ceratophora
 Western Bush Viper, A. chlorechis
 Mount Kenya Bush Viper, A. desaixi
 Spiny Bush Viper, A. hispida
 Upemba Bush Viper, A. katangensis
 Mount Mabu Bush Viper, A. mabuensis
 Matilda's Bush Viper, A. matildae
 Great Lakes Bush Viper, A. nitschei
 Variable Bush Viper, A. squamigera

Vipers
Maristes Valldemia

The Maristes Valldemia school (aka: Col·legi Maristes Valldemia, Col·legi Valldemia or Valldemia), is in Mataró, Province of Barcelona - Catalonia (Spain). It is a Catholic school run by Marist Brothers. It is dedicated to Our Lady the Virgin of the Candle. Fundació Champagnat, Fundació Privada owns the school.

The school was founded in 1855 by three Piarists related persons: the priest Ermengol Coll de Valldemia, Pelegrí Ferrer and Ramon Cuspinera. Its first name was  «Colegio de Cataluña», and it was on the land of a traditional Catalan manor named Can Miralpeix. The school's aim was to provide a modern and Christian education. After 1858, the school was known as «» (in Catalan) or «» (in Spanish). In 1888 the school was given to the Marist Brothers to run. 

 From 2012 the official name is Maristes Valldemia.

The main building was designed by the architect Jeroni Boada, and later improved in 1911 by Josep Goday i Casals (who used to be an student at the school, and founder member of the Alumni Association).

The school received its first international recognition at the Paris Exposition of 1900, a Gold Medal in recognition of quality education. During the convulsive years that marked the Spanish Civil War, Valldemia was converted into a hospital and blood bank.

Today, the school has 1200 students from ages 3 to 18, who are taught by a staff of 90 teachers.

Alumni
 Josep Goday i Casals - Architect linked to Noucentisme
 Joan Pujol Garcia - WW2 British double agent aka “Garbo”

References

Other websites
  

Schools
Catalonia
Phil Harris

Phil Harris (June 24, 1904 – August 11, 1995) was an American actor. He was known for being the voice of Thomas O'Malley the Alley Cat in The Aristocats in 1970 and Cri-Kee in Mulan (1998). He died in 1995 from a heart attack in Rancho Mirage, California, aged 91.

1904 births
1995 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American voice actors
Actors from Indiana
Comedians from Indiana
Actors from Nashville, Tennessee
Comedians from Tennessee
Pierce the Veil

Pierce the Veil is an post hardcore group formed in San Diego, California in 2007. The band consists of frontman Vic Fuentes, percussionist Mike Fuentes, bassist Jaime Preciado, and guitarist Tony Perry. They released their debut studio album A Flair for the Dramatic on June 26, 2007 and released the singles "Yeah Boy and Doll Face" and "Chemical Kids and Mechanical Brides." They released their second full-length album Selfish Machines on June 21, 2010 and released the single "Caraphernelia." The band started joining Vans Warped Tour and playing on side stages to promote their music alongside other post-hardcore bands. In 2012, the band prepped their third album Collide with the Sky, which was released on July 17, 2012, and released the singles "King for a Day" and "Bulls in the Bronx." They started performing live on the main stage at Warped Tour throughout the summer of 2012. 

The two leading members of the band were known to be in a band called Before Today before Pierce the Veil was formed with the addition of Tony Perry and Jaime Preciado. Side projects included Mike and Vic Fuentes being in the alternative rock group Isles & Glaciers, which split up in 2010. They released one EP album titled The Hearts of Lonely People on March 9, 2010. 

The band will be going on a headlining tour with Crown the Empire this fall in the United Kingdom.

Band members

 Vic Fuentes (vocals, guitar)
 Mike Fuentes (drums)
 Jaime Preciado (bass, scream vocals)
 Tony Perry (guitar)

Discography
 A Flair for the Dramatic (2007)
 Selfish Machines (2010)
 Collide with the Sky (2012)

2007 establishments in the United States
American rock bands
Progressive rock bands
Post-hardcore bands
Musical groups from San Diego, California
Alternative rock bands
Pop rock bands
Collide with the Sky

Collide with the Sky is the third album by San Diego experimental rock group Pierce the Veil. It was released on July 27, 2012 under Fearless Records in the United States. The album's lead single "King for A Day" was released on June 5, 2012 for digital download and contemporary radio. The single features Sleeping With Sirens singer Kellin Quinn. The second single titled "Bulls in the Bronx" was released on June 25, 2012 for digital download. The band supported the album throughout the 2012 Van's Warped Tour in the summer.

Track listing

 "May These Noises Startle You In Your Sleep"
 "Hell Above"
 "A Match Into Water"
 "King For A Day" (featuring Kellin Quinn of Sleeping with Sirens)
 "Bulls In The Bronx"
 "Props & Mayhem"
 "Tangled In The Great Escape" (featuring Jason Butler of Letlive.)
 "I'm Low On Gas and You Need A Jacket"
 "The First Punch"
 "One Hundred Sleepless Nights"
 "Stained Glass Eyes and Colorful Tears"
 "Hold On Till May" (featuring Oh No, Fiasco)

Album artwork

According to Vic Fuentes, "the theme to the album artwork is 'jumping off of the ground that is breaking beneath you'. The idea is to inspire hope amongst the chaos that may be happening around you. If the ground was breaking beneath your feet, your first reaction may be to run and jump to safety, and it's that moment where you are suspended in the air that I am focusing on. A still frame where you're not sure if the person is falling or flying. It's about freeing yourself from the things that are breaking or falling apart in your life, and inspiring a sense of hope from the desperation".

Reception

The album has been received rather well by critics. Alternative Press rated the album 4/5 stars saying "Collide with the Sky is PTV's best work to date". They praised the album for the power pop hooks on "Props & Mayhem", saying that you should download "Tangled in the Great Escape". AbsolutePunk commented that the album is "sure to continue Pierce the Veil's steady ascent to the top of their league", concluding that "[it] proves Pierce the Veil are seemingly still one step ahead of everyone else when it comes to concocting energetic slices of post-hardcore and that they won’t be dropping the ball any time soon."

Personnel

Pierce the Veil
 Vic Fuentes - lead vocals, rhythm guitar, keyboards, piano
 Mike Fuentes - drums, percussion, backing vocals
 Jaime Preciado - bass guitar, unclean vocals
 Tony Perry - lead guitar

Release history
The album was released in the United Kingdom on July 16, 2012. It was released in the United States on July 17, 2012 with the release of the bonus track "Hold On Till May", the acoustic version.

2012 albums
Pedro Armendáriz Jr.

Pedro Armendáriz, Jr. (April 6, 1940 – December 26, 2011) was a Mexican actor and television actor.

Early life
Armendáriz, Jr. was born on April 6, 1940 in Mexico City, Mexico, the son of actors Carmela (née Pardo) and to Pedro Armendáriz, Sr, both Mexican. His grandmother was from the United States. Armendáriz, Jr. was married to Mexican actress Ofelia Medina.

Career
His career began in 1965 and is known for playing a small role with his father Armendáriz, Sr. in Licence to Kill (1989). His final role was in the 2012 movie Casa de Mi Padre.

Death
In November 2011 Armendáriz, Jr. was diagnosed with lung cancer. On December 26, 2011 Armendáriz, Jr. died in a Memorial Hospital in New York City, New York from eye cancer, aged 71. He was later buried in Panteón Jardín, Mexico City.

References

Other websites

 

1940 births
2011 deaths
Deaths from eye neoplasm
Deaths from lung cancer
Actors from Mexico City
Cancer deaths in the United States
Mexican movie actors
Mexican stage actors
Mexican television actors
Mexican voice actors
Phyllis Diller

Phyllis Ada Driver (July 17, 1917 – August 20, 2012) was an American voice, movie and stage actress and comedian who makes self deprecating jokes about her age and her terrible cooking. She has performed in many movies and television programs.

Early life
Diller was born on July 17, 1917 in Lima, Ohio. She was of German and Irish descent. She was educated at Bluffton College, she was the classmate of Hugh Downs.

Career
Diller's career would begin in 1952 and would later appear in almost 100 of movies and television programs, her movie include; The Fat Spy, The Boneyard, Happily Ever After, Silence of the Hams, and in A Bug's Life. Her television programs appearances also include; Alice Through the Looking Glass, The Pruitts of Southampton aka The Phyllis Diller Show, The Muppet Show, Hey Arnold!, The Powerpuff Girls and as Peter Griffin's mother in Family Guy.

Personal life
Diller married Sherwood Anderson Diller from 1939 to 1965. Second and thirdly, she married Warde Donovan from 1965 to 1966, and again they married until they divorced again in 1974. She had a partner Robert P. Hastings from 1985 until his death in 1996. She had six children with her first husband.

Death
Diller died of natural causes in Los Angeles, California on August 20, 2012.

References

Other websites

Actors from Ohio
American movie actors
American radio actors
American radio personalities
American stage actors
American stand-up comedians
American television actors
American television personalities
American voice actors
Comedians from Ohio
1917 births
2012 deaths
People from Lima, Ohio
Sherman Hemsley

Sherman Alexander Hemsley (February 1, 1938 – July 24, 2012) was an American actor.

Early life
Hemsley was born on February 1, 1938 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to and was raised in South Philadelphia by his mother, who was a factory worker. He left school to join the Air Force, where he served in for four years. Later he returned to Philadelphia where he worked in a post office during the day and at night he went to acting classes. Later he moved to New York still working for the post office during the day and at night he went to acting classes.

Career
Hemsley's career began when he starred in a 1970 Broadway play in Purlie as Gitlow. Hemsley's television career began in 1970 in the television series All in the Family. And his first movie was in the 1979 movie Love at First Bite. Hemsley is mostly known as for his role as George Jefferson on the CBS in television series The Jeffersons, and as Deacon Ernest Frye on the NBC series Amen. He also played Earl Sinclair's horrifying boss, and a Triceratops in Jim Henson's sitcom Dinosaurs.

Personal life and death
Hemsley was a smoker and never married. Hemsley lived in El Paso, Texas and died there after he was found in his home on July 24, 2012. The cause of his death was a lung tumor caused by Superior Vena Cava Syndrome, aged 74. Hemsley was cremated.

Filmography
 Love at First Bite (1979)
 Stewardess School (1986)
 Ghost Fever (1987)
 Club Fed (1990)
 Mr. Nanny (1993)
 Home of Angels (1994)
 The Misery Brothers (1995)
 Sprung (1997)
 Senseless (1998)
 Jane Austen's Mafia! (1998)
 Up, Up, and Away (2000)
 Screwed (2000)
 For the Love of a Dog (2007)
 Hanging in Hedo (2008)
 American Pie Presents: The Book of Love (2009)

References

Other websites

 
 
 

1938 births
2012 deaths
Deaths from lung cancer
Actors from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
African American actors
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
American stage actors
Musicians from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Comedians from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Gangster Squad

Gangster Squad is a 2013 movie about the Mafia. It stars Emma Stone and Nick Nolte. This crime picture was to have been released in September, 2012.  After the 2012 Aurora shooting certain scenes had to be removed and this caused a delay. The movie has been released January 11, 2013 by Warner Bros.

Other websites
Roger Ebert Website review in Chicago Sun-Times 

American thriller movies
2013 movies
English-language movies
Warner Bros. movies
Frontiers of the Roman Empire

Frontiers of the Roman Empire is a World Heritage Site. The site includes three walls in different parts of Europe. They were part of the frontiers of the Roman Empire.
Hadrian's Wall
Antonine Wall
Limes Germanicus

Limes 
Limes (plural: 'Limites') is the Latin name of walls at the border of the Roman empire. There were many such fortifications.

The Latin word has a number of meanings, but the most common one is border.

The term limes was used by Roman writers to describe paths, walls, boundary stones, rivers marking a boundary, but its meaning was not the same as the modern boundary.

Some notable examples of Roman limites are:
 Limes Arabicus  the frontier of the Roman province of Arabia Petraea facing the desert
 Limites Britannicus  Hadrian's Wall; Antonine Wall
 Limes Germanicus  Upper Germanic & Rhaetian Limes 
 Limes Saxoniae   a medieval limes in Holstein
 Limes Tripolitanus  the frontier in modern Libya facing the Sahara

Gallery

References

Other websites

 
 
 Verein Deutsche Limes-Straße 
 Römische Militärbauten und -anlagen 
 Frontiers of the Roman Empire : UNESCO Official Website

Buildings and structures in Ancient Rome
World Heritage Sites in Europe
Walls
Frank Ocean

Frank Ocean (born October 28, 1987) is an American singer-songwriter, record producer and photographer. He was born in Long Beach, California and moved to New Orleans, Louisiana when he was five. Ocean made an early career as a ghostwriter for artists such as Brandy, Justin Bieber, and John Legend. In 2010, he became a member of OFWGKTA.  His first mixtape, Nostalgia, Ultra, was released in 2011.  Critics liked the album.

In 2012, BBC said that Ocean finished second place in its Sound of 2012 poll. Ocean appeared at Coachella.  He was scheduled for Lollapalooza at the end of his 2012 summer tour. His first studio album, channel ORANGE, was a digital download only on iTunes for one week.  Then it was a full release on July 17, 2012. It was nominated for six Grammy Awards.

Ocean won the 2013 Brit Award for International Male Solo Artist.

In October 2013 Ocean said on his Tumblr that he would release new music in summer 2014.

He is also considered to be a global gay icon.

Personal life 
Ocean was one of the first major hip-hop/R&B artists to say that he had a same-sex relationship.

Discography

Albums
 channel ORANGE (2012)
 ENDLESS (2016)
 Blonde (2016)

Collaborative albums
 The OF Tape Vol. 2 (2012)

Mixtapes
 nostalgia, ULTRA (2011)

Awards and nominations

References

1987 births
Living people
African American musicians
American R&B singers
Brit Award winners
LGBT African Americans
LGBT people from California
LGBT people from Louisiana
LGBT singers
LGBT songwriters
Singers from New Orleans, Louisiana
Musicians from New Orleans, Louisiana
People from Long Beach, California
Singers from Los Angeles County, California
American bloggers
Dabry's sturgeon

Dabry's sturgeon, also known as the Yangtze sturgeon (Acipenser dabryanus), is a member of the family Acipenseridae and the order Acipenseriformes.

The fish is thought to have lived at the same time as dinosaurs.  It may have lived as long as 140 million years ago. Because of that, it is sometimes called a living fossil. It is an animal carefully protected by the Chinese government.  It is named a "national treasure" much like the Giant Panda.

The fish can be between  in body length.  It can weigh  on average. A grown-up sturgeon measures up to  long, and weighs over .  This makes it the third biggest only to the White sturgeon and Atlantic sturgeon. 

Sturgeon are anadromous.  This means they spawn in fresh water and migrate to salt water to mature. 

It lives on the main streams of the Yangtze River and coastal regions of Qiantang River, Minjiang River and Pearl River.

References

Other websites
 Fishbase

Ray-finned fish
Chad Everett

Raymon Lee Cramton or Chad Everett (June 11, 1937 – July 24, 2012) was an American actor. He was known for his role as Dr. Joe Gannon in the television drama Medical Center.

Early life
Everett was born Raymon Lee Cramton on June 11, 1937 in South Bend, Indiana, to Virdeen (née Hopper) and Harry Clyde "Ted" Everett. He was raised in Dearborn, Michigan. Everett was educated at Fordson High School and at Wayne State University.

Career
Everett has appeared in shows including Cold Case, Medical Center, Supernatural, Malibu, and movies including: Aiplane II: The Sequel, The Firechasers, Made in Paris, and The Impossible Years.

Personal life and death
Everett was married to actress Shelby Grant from 1966 until her death in 2011. Everett had 2 children. Everett died of lung cancer on July 24, 2012 in Los Angeles, California, aged 75.

References

Other websites

1937 births
2012 deaths
Actors from South Bend, Indiana
Actors from Michigan
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American voice actors
Deaths from lung cancer
People from Dearborn, Michigan
Luca Signorelli

Luca Signorelli (probably born in 1441 or 1445, died 16 October 1523 in Corona, Italy) was an Italian painter. He was also called Luca d'Egidio di Ventura and Luca da Cortona. He is one of the most important painters of the Renaissance in Italy. He was good at painting perspective. One of the techniques he used is called foreshortening - with it a distance appears shorter than it actually is, because the object painted is shown at an angle. From 1499 to 1503, he painted a series of frescoes in Orvieto Cathedral, called the Last Judgement. This is what he is remembered for most. 

15th-century Italian painters
1440s births
1523 deaths
16th-century Italian painters
CGI

CGI is an abbreciation, that can stand for:
Computer-generated imagery - using computer graphics in movies 
Common Gateway Interface - a technology used on web servers
Bitis

Bitis is a genus of venomous vipers found in Africa and the southern Arabian Peninsula. This group contains the largest and smallest vipers in the world. There are currently 14 species found. Bitis are commonly known as the "African Adders", or the "African Viper".

Description
Both the largest viper, and the smallest viper in the world belong in this group. The largest viper, the Gaboon Viper, grows up to the length of 2 meters, while the smallest viper, the Namaqua Dwarf Adder, grows up to the length of only 28 cm. All African Adders have wide, triangular heads, a large, rounded snout, and small eyes.

Where they live
The African Adders are found in Africa, and the southern Arabian Peninsula.

Behavior
African Adders are terrestrial (meaning they live and are found on the ground), and ambush their prey. They are slow, and sluggish, but they can bite their prey or enemy with amazing speed. African Adders are known for when being disturbed inflating their body, and hissing loudly. All African Adders are viviparous, meaning they give live birth. They eat small rodents like mice and rats, birds, amphibians like frogs and toads, other snakes

Species
 Puff Adder, B. arietans
 Berg Adder, B. atropos
 Horned Adder, B. caudalis
 Many-horned Adder, B. cornuta
 Gaboon Viper, B. gabonica
 Angolan Adder, B. heraldica
 Plain Mountain Adder, B. inornata
 Rhinoceros Viper, B. nasicornis
 Ethiopian Mountain Adder, B. parviocula
 Peringuey's Desert Adder, B. peringueyi
 Red Adder, B. rubida
 Namaqua Dwarf Adder, B. schneideri
 Kenya Horned Viper, B. worthingtoni
 Desert Mountain Adder, B. xeropaga

Vipers
Computer-generated imagery

Computer-generated imagery (CGI) is using computer graphics, especially in movies. These images are used for special effects, simulation, and commercials, amongst others. Sometimes the technology is used to produce a static background, which is then merged into the image; at other times it is used to produce animations in 2D or 3D. In its broadest sense, a computer- generated image (CGI) can be defined as any image that is created with the use of a computer- based processor or program. Because computers are widely used, both in image generating and in image processing, these images are pervasive- from billboard advertisements to film productions and photography. 

Computer graphics
Movie industry
Benjamin Morrell

Benjamin Morrell, (July 5, 1795 – 1839) was an American sea captain, navigator and explorer.

Between 1821 and 1823, he made four important trips, especially in the Southern Ocean, the Pacific Islands and the eastern shores of the Americas.

He wrote a memoir about his travels titled "A Narrative of Four Voyages" and, following the information provided, earned a bad reputation as a liar, because it contained inaccuracies and also contained a somewhat fanciful way of exposing their experiences.

1795 births
1839 deaths
People from New York
American explorers
Donna Lewis

Donna Lewis (born August 6th 1973) is a singer and songwriter who is best known for her hit single I Love You Always Forever. She released her first two albums under Atlantic Records although she now has an independent label. Lewis was born in Wales.

References

Welsh singers
1973 births
Living people
Brain Stew/Jaded

Brain Stew, A.K.A. Jaded is a song by the punk rock band Green Day. The song was on their fourth studio album Insomniac in the year 1995.

Green Day songs
1995 songs
Paula Cole

Paula Cole (born April 5, 1968) is an American singer and songwriter. Her songs include Where Have all the Cowboys Gone?. Cole was born in the Boston area. She received a Grammy Award for "Best New Artist" in 1998 and released more albums over the years.

References

American singer-songwriters
American rock singers
Grammy Award winners
American pianists
American keyboard players
Singers from Massachusetts
Musicians from Massachusetts

1968 births
Living people
Eristicophis

Eristicophis is a monotypic genus made for the venomous viper species "E. macmahonii". It is found in the desert areas near the borders of Iran, Pakistan, and Afghanistan. There are currently no subspecies recognized. The E. macmahonii is also known as the "McMahon's Viper", the "Asian Sand Viper", the "Leaf-nosed Viper", and the "Whiskered Viper".

Description
The McMahon's Viper is a small species of snake, growing up to less than one meter. Males are smaller than females; males can grow up to the length of 22-40 cm, and females can grow up to the length of 28-72 cm. They are reddish-brown or yellowish brown in color.

Where they live
The McMahon's Viper is found in the desert regions of Balochistan, near the borders of Iran, Pakistan, and Afghanistan.

Behavior
The McMahon's Viper is said to be nocturnal, but some say it is crepuscular, meaning it is active during the early morning or late evening. It is able to sidewind on loose sand, and sometimes climbs into bushes. It is a aggressive snake, hissing very loudly when disturbed or annoyed, and sometimes it raising its head of the ground and starts striking aggressively. It is able to sink into the sand by moving in a rocking motion. When it sinks into the sand it leaves its eyes and snout sticking out of the sand.

Feeding
The McMahon's Viper eats small lizards, small rodents like mice, and sometimes birds.

Reproduction
The McMahon's Viper is oviparous, meaning it lays eggs. It lays around a dozen eggs at a time, and these eggs take around 6-8 weeks to hatch. When the eggs hatch the young are about 6 inches (15 cm) long.

Venom
Not much is known about the McMahon's Viper venom, but some say it is similar to the venom of the Echis.

Vipers
Macrovipera

Macrovipera is a genus of venomous vipers, found in semi-deserts of North Africa, Middle East, and Milos Archipelago in the Aegean Sea. Macrovipera are commonly known as the "Large Palearctic Vipers". The Large Palearctic Viper is responsible for many bites in Africa and western Asia each year. There are four species currently found.

Description
Besides the Milos Viper, all the vipers in this group grow up to the length 1.5 meters.

Where they live
The Large Palearctic Viper lives in dry regions of Morocco, Algeria, and Tunis in North Africa, east to Pakistan, Kashmir, and India, north to Milos Archipelago in the Aegean Sea, and Armenia and Dagestan in Russia.

Species
 Desert Viper, M. deserti
 Blunt-nosed Viper, M. lebetina
 Moorish Viper, M. mauritanica
 Milos Viper, M. schweizeri

Vipers
LGBT rights in the United States

Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender rights in the United States have changed over time, and different states have different rules about them. Sexual acts between adults (depending on the age of consent in each state. This varies from age 16 to 21), and adolescents of an age close to an adult, of the same sex have been legal in the U.S. since 2003. 

Family, marriage, and anti-discrimination laws are different in every state. On June 26, 2015, the Supreme Court said that states could not have laws against same-sex marriage. This decision is called Obergefell v. Hodges. Before Obergefell v. Hodges, same-sex marriage was legal in 36 states and in Washington, D.C.

Twenty-one states plus Washington, D.C. have made discrimination because of sexual orientation illegal. Sixteen states plus Washington, D.C. have made discrimination because of gender identity or expression illegal. Hate crimes because of sexual orientation or gender identity can also be punished under Matthew Shepard and James Byrd, Jr. Hate Crimes Prevention Act of 2009. 

Human Rights Campaign is the biggest LGBT-rights group in the U.S.

References 

United States
LGBT in the United States
Politics of the United States
Atropoides

Atropoides is a genus of venomous Pit vipers found in Mexico and Central America. There is currently three species found. Atropoides are also known as the "Jumping Pit vipers" or the "Jumping Vipers".

Description
Jumping Vipers grow up to the length of around 90 centimeters (36 inches), while the longest ever found was 120.2 centimeters (47 in). All of them are thick-bodied, with the Mexican Jumping Pit viper being the thickest, and the Picado's Jumping Pit viper being the slimmest. It has a large head, with small eyes, and a rounded snout, it also has a short tail. They are gray-brown, reddish brown or black in color with brown blotches on them.

Where they live
The Jumping Vipers are found on the mountains of east Mexico, the lowlands of Central America, and Panama.

Behavior
Even though this snake is known as the "Jumping Viper" they do not really jump, but some say when they attack an enemy or prey they strike at such a force they actually leave the ground. They are slow moving and are not very aggressive snakes. They are active during both night and day, but those which are found on high altitudes are usually active at day time.

Feeding
Adult Jumping Vipers eat mainly small mammals and lizards, while young Jumping Vipers eat orthopterans, and skinks.

Species
 Mexican Jumping Pit Viper, A. nummifer
 Tuxtlan Jumping Pit Viper, A. olmec
 Picado's Jumping Pit Viper, A. picadoi

Vipers