cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
British Phonographic Industry

The British Phonographic Industry (BPI) is the British record industry's trade association. Its membership comprises hundreds of music companies including all four 'major' record companies (Warner Music Group, EMI, Sony BMG, and Universal Music Group), associate members such as manufacturers and distributors, and hundreds of independent music companies representing literally thousands of labels.
It has represented the interests of British record companies since being formally incorporated in 1973 when the principal aim was to fight copyright infringement.

It founded the annual BRIT Awards for the British music industry, as well as the Mercury Prize for the Album of the Year.

Sales certificates
The British Phonographic Industry awards certificates for music releases in Britain. The level of the award varies depending on the format of the release and the number sold. BPI certificates are not automatic; the record company must pay a fee to the BPI and they carry out an audit into the release in question. Certificates are usually awarded on the basis of the number of units the release has shipped, rather than the number it has sold.

Other websites
 British Phonographic Industry, The
 BPI Radar 

Music industry
1973 establishments in Europe
1970s establishments in the United Kingdom
Gramophone record

A gramophone record (or just record) is a type of analog storage medium. It stores recorded music (or other sounds). It was popular during most of the 20th century. Gramophone records are played on a phonograph ("record player").

A gramophone record is a flat disk that is usually made of plastic. The sound is recorded on a very fine line or groove which goes around and around in a spiral from the outside edge of the disk to the center. The phonograph plays the sound with a needle that touches the groove. A record usually has different music on each side. When made of vinyl they were also known as vinyl records. Most music made in the 20th century used this format.
 
Thomas Edison made early phonographs in the 1870s. He originally used tin foil to record the sound.  Soon wax cylinders were used in place of the tin foil. The cylinders could be taken off the machine and put back on without destroying the recording. Although discs were made as early as 1888, it was not until 1902 that discs became more popular than cylinder records. Discs were first made of a shellac mixture, and later of polyvinyl chloride, often abbreviated as "vinyl". Singles usually carried only one or two songs or recordings. EPs (extended play records) carried from three to five songs. Albums carried many more recordings; a dozen was normal, or from 30 to 45 minutes of playing time. These formats are still used today, with digital recordings, and playing time for singles and albums has grown considerably.

Vinyl records lost popularity but never went out of production. Now, in recent years vinyl is gaining popularity, while CD record shops have gone out of business, more and more vinyl only record shops are opening. CD and other digital formats have a much higher objective sound quality (closeness to the original) than vinyl, but many argue the higher subjective (heard by the ear) sound quality of vinyl compared to newer formats. This higher subjective quality comes from changes to the sound caused by the record cutting and pressing process.

Audio disc
Storage devices
Hot Mainstream Rock Tracks

Hot Mainstream Rock Tracks (originally called Mainstream Rock Tracks) is a ranking in Billboard of the most-played songs on mainstream rock radio stations, a category that includes stations that play primarily rock music but are not modern rock (that is, "alternative") stations, which are counted in the Hot Modern Rock Tracks chart.

Billboard charts
1959–60 NHL season

The 1959–60 NHL season was the 43rd season of the National Hockey League. The Montreal Canadiens were the Stanley Cup winners as they defeated the Toronto Maple Leafs four games to none for their fifth straight Stanley Cup.

Regular season

Final standings

Scoring leaders
Note: GP = Games played; G = Goals; A = Assists; Pts = Points

Leading goaltenders
Note: GP = Games played; MIN = Minutes played; GA = Goals against; SO = Shut outs; AVG = Goals against average

Stanley Cup playoffs 
All dates in 1960

Playoff bracket

Semifinals 
Chicago Black Hawks vs. Montreal Canadiens

Montreal wins best-of-seven series 4 games to 0

Detroit Red Wings vs. Toronto Maple Leafs

Toronto wins best-of-seven series 4 games to 2

Finals 
Toronto Maple Leafs vs. Montreal Canadiens

Montreal wins best-of-seven series 4 games to 0

Playoff leading scorers
Note: GP = Games played; G = Goals; A = Assists; Pts = Points

NHL awards

All-Star teams

References
Hockey Database
NHL.com

1959 in North America
1960 in North America
Tritheism

Tritheism is the belief that there are three distinct, powerful gods, who form a triad. Generally three gods are believed to have separate powers and separate supreme beings or spheres of influence but working together. In this respect tritheism differs from dualism, which typically envisages two opposed Divine powers in conflict with one another.

Ironically, there is no group that claims to believe in or teach tritheism; the term is solely used as an accusation against others, somewhat similar to the usage of the word cult, in accusing a group of holding an alternate or distorted view of the Christian doctrine of Trinity. The main branches consider tritheism heretical.

References

Theology
Book of Jeremiah

The Book of Jeremiah, or Jeremiah (, Yirməyāhū), is part of the Hebrew Bible, Judaism's Tanakh, and later became a part of Christianity's Old Testament.

 Jeremiah Chapter 1, verses 1 to 3 says that the book is "the words of Jeremiah son of Hilkiah". Jeremiah is seen clearly as a real person, talking to his scribe Baruch about his role as a servant of God who had bad news for the people. His book is a message to the Jews in exile in Babylon, saying that the disaster of exile is God's response to Israel's pagan worship.  The people, says Jeremiah, are like an untrue wife and children who act badly.  This made God punish them, but He will also welcome them back if they change their ways.

Jeremiah began began his work in the thirteenth year of king Josiah (about 627 BC) and finished in the eleventh year of king Zedekiah (586 BC), when Jerusalem went into exile. During this period, Josiah reformed their religion, Babylon destroyed Assyria and Egypt briefly made Judah their subject. Then Babylon defeated Egypt and made Judah their subject (605 BC). Judah revolted several times and after the final time, Babylon destroyed Jerusalem and its Temple and took away its king and many of the leading people in 586 BC.

Besides his written warnings, Jeremiah did some strange things to call attention to his message:

    Jeremiah 13:1–11: He wore a linen waistband, buried it and later got it again.
    Jeremiah 16:1–9: He didn't get married or go to funerals or happy events. 
    Jeremiah 19:1–13: He bought a clay jug and the broke it in front of the religious leaders of Jerusalem.
    Jeremiah 27–28: He wore an ox yoke which was later broken.
    Jeremiah 32:6–15: He bought a field for seventeen silver coins.
    Jeremiah 35:1–19: He gave wine to the Rechabites, a tribe who lived in tents and didn't drink wine.

Jeremiah's name is found in the Chronicles and the Book of Ezra, both written after the exile. He said that the exile would last 70 years. This was mentioned in the Book of Daniel.  

Christians believe that Jesus was a suffering prophet and that this was like what happened to Jeremiah in chapters 37–44, as well as to the suffering servant described in the book of Isaiah Chapter 53. 

Books of the Hebrew Bible
Old Testament books
Book of Lamentations

The Book of Lamentations (Eikha, ʾēḫā(h)) is a book of the Bible Old Testament and Jewish Tanakh. It is traditionally read by the Jewish people on Tisha B'Av, the fast day that commemorates the destruction of the Temple in Jerusalem.

 In Western Christianity, readings and songs from the book are used in the Lenten religious service known as Tenebrae (Latin for darkness). In the Church of England, readings are used at Morning and Evening Prayer on the Monday and Tuesday of Holy Week, and at Evening Prayer on Good Friday.

In the Coptic Orthodox Church, the book's third chapter is chanted on the twelfth hour of the Good Friday service, that commemorates the burial of Jesus.

The book has been thought to be the work of Jeremiah by Jews from 200 B.C. and by Christians from 400 A.D.  The book itself does not tell who wrote it, so the author is uncertain.  It is a series of sad poems about the destruction of Jerusalem. 

Beginning with the reality of disaster, Lamentations ends with the thought that God may have finally rejected Israel (chapter 5:22). The poet says that this suffering is a just punishment, still God is held to have had choice over whether to act in this way and at this time. Hope arises from remembering God's past goodness. The poem says that the mercies of Yahweh (the God of Israel) never end, but are new every morning (3:22–33).

The book was written in Hebrew.  That language has 22 letters in its alphabet. Each of the verses in chapters 1, 2 and 4 start with the next letter of the alphabet.  In Chapter 3 groups of 3 verses also start with the same letters.  That is why chapters 1,2 and 4 have 22 verses and chapter 3 has 66 verses.  Chapter 5 also has 22 verses, but does not follow the method of using a different letter for each verse. This type of structure is called an acrostic and may have been used as an aid to memory. 

Books of the Hebrew Bible
Old Testament books
Book of Ezekiel

The Book of Ezekiel, Hebrew: ספר יחזקאל , is a book of the Hebrew Bible and of the Old Testament. It is named after the prophet Ezekiel.

 It belongs to the Nevi'im (Prophets) and consists of 48 chapters.

The book begins with a vision of beings with 4 heads surrounded by rings adorned with eyes. Then, God appears to Ezekiel and instructed him to warn the Israelites who at the time, were religiously rebellious.  Another well known dream that the prophet saw was a valley full of dry bones that came to life when the prophet spoke to them. This was to show that God would bring life back to the people who were being punished by being taken captive by Babylon These two stories have been made into songs.

The prophet did some strange things to warn the people that they were going to be punished for a time because they had not been faithful to God as he had told them to.

It deals among others with the revival of the Jewish people and the Land of Israel (chapters 36-37), with the war of Gog and Magog against Israel (chapters 38-39), the new Jewish temple (chapters 40-47), and the determination of the boundaries of the land and also the division of the land among the tribes of Israel (chapters 47-48).

References 

Books of the Hebrew Bible
Old Testament books
Book of Ezekiel
Book of Daniel

The Book of Daniel (דניאל), originally written in Hebrew and Aramaic, is a book in both the Hebrew Bible (Tanakh) and the Christian Old Testament.

Writer 

The book says that Daniel is its writer in several places, such as 9:2 and 10:2. Jesus warned his disciples about coming events when he talked about " 'the abomination that causes desolation', spoken of through the prophet Daniel". The book was probably completed shortly after Cyrus captured Babylon in 539.

Contents

The Book of Daniel has two main parts.  Chapters 1-6 tell stories about Daniel and his three friends who were taken from the land of Israel to Babylon.  They were told to stop worshiping their God and instead follow the gods of Babylon or the king.  When they would not obey, God saved them by doing miracles The two most well known of these stories are when three of Daniel's friends are put in a hot furnace, but are unharmed when a forth man appears to help them. Another story is about Daniel being put into a den of lions because he would not stop praying to his God, but the hungry lions did not eat him.  Daniel said that God had "shut the mouth of the lions". 

We get the English saying, "He saw the handwriting on the wall" from another story in Chapter 5 where the king was having a party and a hand appeared and wrote some strange words on the wall.  Daniel was able to tell the king that this meant that he was about to be killed and another king would take his place. We use this phrase "handwriting on the wall" to mean that someone sees that something bad is about to happen or something good is about to end.

The second part of the Book of Daniel (Chapters 7-12) tell about dreams and visions that Daniel had that told about world history and also about things that would happen in the future.  The main point of these visions was that God would win out over all of the kingdoms of the world. Many things that Daniel saw are later mentioned in the New Testament book of Revelation.

In Chapter 9 Daniel tells of 70 weeks that were about the future. Bible scholars believe that each week represents 7 years and so it refers to 490 years, (70 times 7 years).  Daniel says that after that time Messiah would be "cut off". Christians think this may refer to the time Jesus was killed. Understanding the detailed meaning of the 70 weeks prophesy has puzzled many Bible scholars and there are many opinions.

References 

Daniel
Daniel
Eschatology
Christian eschatology
Book of Amos

The Book of Amos is one of the books of the Nevi'im (Hebrew: "prophets") and of the Christian Old Testament. Amos is one of the minor prophets.

Amos lived during the time of two other prophets,Hosea and Isaiah, around 750 BC while Jeroboam was king of Israel and Uzziah was king of Judah. Amos lived in the kingdom of Judah but preached in the northern Kingdom of Israel. He wrote about social justice, God's power, judgement and eventual restoration. The message is harsh, but Amos wrote some of the most poetic parts of the Bible.

The book has 9 chapters. In the first chapter Amos says that God will punish many of the nations around Israel. Then in the second chapter he uses similar words to say the Judah and Israel will also be punished. The rest of the book tells the reasons for that punishment before ending with a promise that Israel would then be restored.

There are some well known verses in the book of Amos that religious leaders and people who work for justice have used in speeches about modern problems such as racism.

Chapter 5 verse 24, "But let judgment run down as waters, and righteousness as a mighty stream." This verse was often quoted by Dr. Martin Luther King Jr..

Chapter 6 verse 1, "Woe to you who are at ease in Zion,(Jerusalem)." This is a warning to those who think they are safe from God's judgement because things are going well at the present. 

Books of the Hebrew Bible
Old Testament books
Washington Mutual

Washington Mutual (abbreviated to WaMu) () was the United States' largest savings and loan association. Despite its name, it ceased being a mutual company in 1983 when it began to be publicly traded on the New York Stock Exchange.

On September 25, 2008, the 119th anniversary of WaMu's founding, the United States Office of Thrift Supervision (OTS) announced that it was seizing the bank and would sell most of its functional assets to JPMorgan Chase. WaMu's collapse is the largest U.S. bank failure in history.  At the time of the collapse, it was the sixth-largest bank in the United States. According to Washington Mutual's 2007 SEC filing, it held assets valued at $327.9/Billion Dollars.

References

1889 establishments in the United States
2008 disestablishments in the United States
Banks of the United States
Companies based in Seattle, Washington
Gray's Anatomy

Henry Gray's Anatomy of the Human Body (or Gray's Anatomy) is an English-language human anatomy textbook. It was first called Gray's Anatomy: Descriptive and Surgical in the United Kingdom in 1858, and in the United States in 1859. It was written for medical students by Henry Grey and illustrated by  Henry Vandyke Carter in 1855 and published in 1858.

Relating page 
Gray's Anatomy for Students

Other websites 

 Gray's Anatomy: The Anatomical Basis of Medicine and Surgery, 39th edition (2004), 1600 pages, Churchill-Livingstone,  – the U.K version.
 Gray's Anatomy: The Anatomical Basis of Clinical Practice, 39th edition (2004), 1627 pages, C.V. Mosby,  – the U.S. version.
 Online version of Gray's Anatomy from Yahoo 

Reference works
Anatomy
1850s books
Gray's Anatomy for Students

Gray's Anatomy for Students is an anatomy textbook following the same idea as the famous Gray's Anatomy for medical students. The book is famous for its detailed drawings and style.

The first edition was published in 2004.

2004 books
Anatomy
Killing Joke

Killing Joke are an industrial rock band from England. They have been called a key influence on the industrial rock genre.

Studio albums 
 Killing Joke (1980)
 What's THIS For...! (1981)
 Revelations (1982)
 Fire Dances (1983)
 Night Time (1985)
 Brighter than a Thousand Suns (1986)
 Outside the Gate (1988)
 Extremities, Dirt and Various Repressed Emotions (1990)
 Pandemonium (1994)
 Democracy (1996)
 Killing Joke (2003)
 Hosannas from the Basements of Hell (2006)
 Absolute Dissent (2010)
 MMXII (2012)
 Pylon (2015)

References

English rock bands
English punk bands
English heavy metal bands
Dave Finlay

David Finlay (born 20 October 1958) is a professional wrestler and road agent from Belfast, Northern Ireland. He is best known for his time in World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) under the ring name Finlay. He has held both the WCW World Television Championship and the WWE United States Championship.

References 

1958 births
Living people
Former WWE wrestlers
Northern Irish sportspeople
Sportspeople from Belfast
Charles Curtis

Charles Curtis (January 25, 1860 – February 8, 1936) was an American politician. He was the 31st vice president of the United States from 1929 to 1933 under President Herbert Hoover. Before becoming vice president, he was a senator and a representative from Kansas .

Curtis is the only Native American vice president in history. Curtis was a member of the Kaw Nation. Charles Curtis was the first vice president of color; the other being Vice President Kamala Harris.  Curtis called himself "one-eighth Kaw Indian and a one-hundred percent Republican." In 1900, Kaw Chief Washungah called Curtis "one of our own men."

Curtis grew up in Kansas and spoke the Kaw language.  When he was in government, Curtis did some good things for Native Americans and some bad things.  In 1898, he sponsored the Curtis Act of 1898, which took power away from tribal leaders.

References

1860 births
1936 deaths
American Methodists
Majority leaders of the United States Senate
People from Topeka, Kansas
Presidents pro tempore of the United States Senate
United States representatives from Kansas
United States senators from Kansas
US Republican Party politicians
20th-century American politicians
19th-century American politicians
Kansas Republicans
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Robert Guiscard

Robert Guiscard (Hauteville-la-Guichard, France, 1015 - Kefalonia, Greece, July 15, 1085), was a Norman adventurer.

Biography 

Robert de Hauteville, dubbed "Guiscard", was born at Hauteville, near Coutances (Normandy). He was the sixth son of Tancred of Hauteville and eldest by his second wife Fressenda (or Fredesenda), daughter of Duke Richard I of Normandy. 

Like many other impoverished Norman knights (Rainulf Drengot, William Ironarm, and more), Robert de Hauteville went to Italy, arriving there about 1046. After serving in the forces of the prince lombard of Capua, Pandulf, he organized an army to secure possessions for himself in Calabria. In 1053, when the Pope Leo IX attempted to expel the Normans from the South Italy, Robert Guiscard played an important role in defeating the papal forces at Civitate, near the modern city of San Severo (Province of Foggia). 

After the death in 1057 of his older brother Humphrey, count of Apulia, Guiscard became leader of the Normans in Italy. The pope, seeking independence from the Holy Roman Empire, decided to enlist the Normans as allies. In 1059 the French Pope Nicholas II created Robert "by the Grace of God and Saint Peter, duke of Apulia and Calabria and, with their help, hereafter of Sicily" (Robertus Guiscardus, Normannus Dux Apuliae, Calabriae et Siciliae). In return, Robert acknowledged the pope as his feudal overlord. Sicily was in Muslim hands at the time and so Robert and his brother Roger Bosso embarked on a series of campaigns, capturing Messina in 1061 and Palermo in 1072. 

Turning his attention to the Balkans in 1081, Guiscard gained a great victory over the Byzantine emperor Alexius I Comnenus at Durazzo (Albania). In Greece, his campaigns at Macedonia and Thessalia were being carried on, meanwhile, by his son Bohamund. Robert was recalled from his victorious campaigns in 1084 to go to the aid of Pope Gregory VII, who was besieged in the castle of Sant'Angelo by Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV. Robert drove Henry from Rome, and reduced one-third of the city to ashes. Because of the unpopularity of Gregory VII in Rome, he took the pope to Monte Cassino. Robert then went to the support of Bohamund in the Greek campaign but died of fever at Kefalonia a few weeks later (July 1085). He was buried in the Hauteville family mausoleum of the Trinity Abbey (SS. Trinità) at Venosa. The town of Fiscardo on Kefalonia is named after him.

Sources 
 Geoffrey Malaterra, The Deeds of Count Roger of Calabria and Sicily and of Duke Robert Guiscard his brother, Books One, Two, Three, Four.
 William of Apulia, The Deeds of Robert Guiscard Books One, Two, Three, Four, Five (Word Documents).
 Ferdinand Chalandon, Histoire de la domination normande en Italie et en Sicile, Paris, 1907.
 John Julius Norwich, The Normans in the South (1016-1130), Longmans : London, 1967.

Other websites 
Foundation for Medieval Genealogy on Robert Guiscard, Duke of Apulia

Normans
1015 births
1085 deaths
William A. Wheeler

William Almon Wheeler (June 30, 1819 – June 4, 1887) was a U.S. representative from New York and the nineteenth vice president of the United States.

1819 births
1887 deaths
Vice Presidents of the United States
Politicians from New York
19th-century American politicians
Schuyler Colfax

Schuyler (pronounced "Sky-ler") Colfax, Jr. (March 23, 1823 – January 13, 1885) was a U.S. representative from Indiana, the 29th speaker of the House of Representatives, and the 17th vice president of the United States.

Legacy 
The towns of Colfax, California, Colfax, Washington, and Colfax, Louisiana, are named for Schuyler Colfax. The "Jewel of the Midwest," Schuyler, Nebraska, named after Colfax, is the county seat of Colfax County, Nebraska. The now ghost town of Colfax, Colorado was named after him. Colfax County, New Mexico is named after the Speaker as well. In addition, the "main street" traversing Aurora, Denver, and Lakewood, Colorado and abutting the Colorado State Capitol is named "Colfax Avenue" in the politician's honor. The middle school Schuyler Colfax in Wayne, New Jersey is also named after him.

1823 births
1885 deaths
American abolitionists
Vice Presidents of the United States
Speakers of the United States House of Representatives
Politicians from New York City
19th-century American politicians
Henry Wilson

Henry Wilson (February 16, 1812 – November 22, 1875) was a U.S. senator from Massachusetts and the eighteenth vice president of the United States.

1812 births
1875 deaths
American Calvinists
Congregationalists
Deaths from stroke
Politicians from New Hampshire
United States senators from Massachusetts
19th-century American politicians
Hubert Humphrey

Hubert Horatio Humphrey, Jr. (May 27, 1911 – January 13, 1978) was an American politician. He was the thirty-eighth vice president of the United States from 1965 to 1969, under Lyndon B. Johnson.

Early life
Humphrey was born in a room over his father's drugstore in Wallace, South Dakota. He was the son of Ragnild Kristine Sannes (1883–1973), a Norwegian immigrant, and Hubert Humphrey, Sr. (1882–1949). Humphrey spent most of his childhood in Doland, South Dakota, on the Dakota prairie; the town's population was about 600 people when he lived there. His father was a licensed pharmacist who was mayor and a town council member. In the late 1920s a severe economic decline hit Doland; both of the town's banks closed and Humphrey's father fought to keep his drugstore business open.

After his son graduated from Doland's high school, Hubert Humphrey, Sr. left Doland and opened a new drugstore in the larger town of Huron, South Dakota; a population of 11,000 people, where he hoped to improve his fortunes. Because of the family's financial struggles, Humphrey had to leave the University of Minnesota after just one year. He earned a pharmacist's license from the Capitol College of Pharmacy in Denver, Colorado (completing a two-year licensure program in just six months), and spent years from 1931 to 1937 helping his father run the family drugstore. Over time the Humphrey Drug Company became a financial gain business and the family again succeeded.

Humphrey did not enjoy working as a pharmacist, and his dream was to earn a doctorate in political science and become a college professor. In 1937 he returned to the University of Minnesota and earned a bachelor's degree in 1939. He was a member of Phi Delta Chi Fraternity. He also earned a master's degree from Louisiana State University in 1940, serving as an assistant instructor of political science. One of his classmates was Russell B. Long, who would become a U.S. Senator from Louisiana. He then became an instructor and doctoral student at the University of Minnesota from 1940 to 1941 (joining the American Federation of Teachers), and was a supervisor for the Works Progress Administration (WPA). Humphrey soon became active in Minneapolis politics, and as a result he never finished his PhD.

Political career
Humphrey was a United States Senator from Minnesota twice, and was Democratic Majority Whip. He was a founder of the Minnesota Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party and Americans for Democratic Action. He was also mayor of Minneapolis, Minnesota, 1945–1949.

1968 election
In 1968, Humphrey was the nominee of the Democratic Party in the United States presidential election but narrowly lost to the Republican nominee, Richard Nixon.

References

1960 United States presidential candidates
1968 United States presidential candidates
1972 United States presidential candidates
Vice Presidents of the United States
United States senators from Minnesota
US Democratic Party politicians
Deaths from bladder cancer
1978 deaths
1911 births
20th-century American politicians
Alben W. Barkley

Alben William Barkley (November 24, 1877 – April 30, 1956) was a Democratic member of the U.S. House of Representatives and the United States Senate from Paducah, Kentucky, majority leader of the Senate, and the thirty-fifth vice president of the United States. He was the oldest vice president of the United States at the age of . He ran for president in 1952, however the Democratic Party primaries had nominated Adlai Stevenson II instead and labor union leaders rejected him to run because of old age (74).

1877 births
1956 deaths
United States representatives from Kentucky
United States senators from Kentucky
US Democratic Party politicians
20th-century American politicians
Minority leaders of the United States Senate
Majority leaders of the United States Senate
John Nance Garner

John Nance Garner IV nicknamed "Cactus Jack" (November 22, 1868 – November 7, 1967) was the forty-fourth speaker of the United States House of Representatives (1931-33) and the thirty-second vice president of the United States (1933-41).  Garner once described the Vice-Presidency as being "not worth a bucket of warm spit." Also, he lived to be 98 years old. That made him the oldest former vice president of the United States. 

Garner was born near the village of Detroit in Red River County in eastern Texas. His parents were John Nance Garner III and his wife, the former Sarah Jane Guest. Garner studied at Vanderbilt University in Nashville, Tennessee, for one semester before dropping out and returning home. He was a member of the Pi Kappa Alpha fraternity. He eventually studied law, was admitted to the bar in 1890, and began practice in Uvalde, Uvalde County, Texas.

On the morning of Garner's 95th birthday on November 22, 1963, President John F. Kennedy called to wish the former vice president a happy birthday, just hours before his assassination in Dallas.

Death
Garner died on November 7, 1967, at the age of 98 years and 350 days, 15 days before his 99th birthday, making him the longest-living vice president in United States history, a record which was previously held by Benjamin Harrison's vice president, Levi P. Morton (who died in 1920, on his 96th birthday). He is interred in Uvalde Cemetery.

References

1868 births
1967 deaths
Deaths from natural causes
Vice Presidents of the United States
Speakers of the United States House of Representatives
Politicians from Texas
US Democratic Party politicians
20th-century American politicians
Minority leaders of the United States House of Representatives
Thomas A. Hendricks

Thomas Andrews Hendricks (September 7, 1819 – November 25, 1885) was a U.S. representative and a senator from Indiana, a governor of Indiana, and the twenty-first vice president of the United States (serving with Grover Cleveland).

Hendricks died in his sleep at home in Indianapolis on November 25, 1885. Following his death, Congress changed the order of succession for the presidency by removing the leaders of the Senate and House of Representatives.

References 

1819 births
1885 deaths
Governors of Indiana
Grover Cleveland
United States representatives from Indiana
US Democratic Party politicians
19th-century American politicians
Levi P. Morton

Levi Parsons Morton (May 16, 1824 – May 16, 1920) was a U.S. representative from New York and the twenty-second vice president of the United States. He also later served as Governor of New York.

1824 births
1920 deaths
Deaths from pneumonia
Vice Presidents of the United States
Governors of New York
United States representatives from Vermont
19th-century American politicians
Businesspeople from Vermont
Garret Hobart

Garret Augustus Hobart (June 3, 1844 – November 21, 1899) was the twenty-fourth vice president of the United States.

1844 births
1899 deaths
Vice Presidents of the United States
Politicians from New Jersey
US Republican Party politicians
Legislative speakers
19th-century American politicians
Charles W. Fairbanks

Charles Warren Fairbanks (May 11, 1852 – June 4, 1918) was a U.S. senator from Indiana and the twenty-sixth vice president of the United States.  

1852 births
1918 deaths
Vice Presidents of the United States
Politicians from Ohio
United States senators from Indiana
US Republican Party politicians
20th-century American politicians
19th-century American politicians
Thomas R. Marshall

Thomas Riley Marshall (March 14, 1854 – June 1, 1925) was an American politician. He was the twenty-eighth vice president of the United States. He served under Woodrow Wilson from 1913 to 1921.

1854 births
1925 deaths
20th-century American politicians
American people of World War I
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Governors of Indiana
US Democratic Party politicians
Charles G. Dawes

Charles Gates Dawes (August 27, 1865 – April 23, 1951) was an American banker and politician who was the thirtieth vice president of the United States. For his work on the Dawes Plan for World War I reparations he was a co-recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize. He served in the First World War, was U.S. Comptroller of the Currency and the first director of the Bureau of the Budget, and in later life the U.S. ambassador to the United Kingdom.

1865 births
1951 deaths
Burials at Rosehill Cemetery
Vice Presidents of the United States
Directors of the Office of Management and Budget
American Nobel Prize winners
Calvin Coolidge
20th-century American politicians
Deaths from coronary thrombosis
Ambassadors of the United States to the United Kingdom
Rainulf Drengot

Rainulf Drengot (dead in 1045) was a Norman adventurer. 

In 1016, Rainulf went in the South Italy where he was a mercenary. In 1030, Drengot was the first count of Aversa (near Naples) and was married to the duke of Naples’s daughter.

Sources 
 Amatus of Montecassino, History of the Normans 
 William of Apulia, The Deeds of Robert Guiscard Books One, Two, Three, Four, Five (Word Documents). 
 Ferdinand Chalandon, Histoire de la domination normande en Italie et en Sicile, Paris, 1907. 
 John Julius Norwich, The Normans in the South (1016-1130), Longmans : London, 1967.

Other websited 
 "Sicily/Naples, Nobility (Conti d'Aversa)" 
 Norman World : The first Norman rulers  

Normans
Gregg Gillis

Gregg Gillis, better known by his stage name Girl Talk, is an American musian who remixes music. Gillis, who lives in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, has released four LPs on Illegal Art and EPs on 333 and 12 Apostles record labels. He began making music while studying Biomedical Engineering at Case Western Reserve University.  He specializes in mash-up style remixes, in which he uses often a dozen or more unauthorized samples from different songs to create a new song; The New York Times Magazine has called his music "a lawsuit waiting to happen."

Awards
In 2007, Gillis was the winner of Wired Magazine's Rave Award.

Discography

Albums
 Secret Diary CD (2002, Illegal Art)
 Unstoppable CD (2004, Illegal Art)
 Night Ripper CD (2006, Illegal Art)
 Feed the Animals CD (2008, Illegal Art)

EPs
 Stop Cleveland Hate 12" (2004, 12 apostles)
 Bone Hard Zaggin' 7" (2006, 333 recordings)

References

1981 births
Musicians from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Electronic musicians
Living people
A∴A∴

The A∴A∴ (Latin: Argenteum Astrum or Greek: Άστρον Αργόν, "Astron Argon", both literally; "Silver star", alternately, Latin: Arcanum Arcanorum, is a magical order created by Aleister Crowley in 1907 after leaving the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn. It is a Thelemic magical fraternity in which the holy book of the order is The Book of the Law. Its motto is: "The method of science, the aim of religion." While the A∴A∴ was not part of Ordo Templi Orientis, the O.T.O. did consider the A∴A∴ to be a close ally.

Various lineages of the A∴A∴ survive today that can be traced back to the founders Aleister Crowley and George Cecil Jones.

References

Sources
 Crowley, Aleister (1990). "An Account of A∴A∴" in The Equinox (Vol. I, No. 1). York Beach, Maine: Samuel Weiser.
 Wasserman, James (2004). "Introduction" in Aleister Crowley and the Practice of the Magical Diary. York Beach, ME: Redwheel/Weiser

Lineage links
 Crowley via Grady McMurtry lineage: Clerk Houses of Grady Louis McMurtry's A.'.A.'. Lineage 
 Crowley via Jane Wolfe lineage: The Order A.'.A.'.
 Motta via Frater Adjuvo lineage: ASTRVM ARGENTVM
 Motta via David Bersson lineage: Castletower.org
 Motta via Ray Eales lineage: AATHELEMA
 A lineage noted by the OTO: outercol.org

Occult
1907 establishments in Europe
1900s establishments in the United Kingdom
The Book of the Law

The Book of the Law is the central sacred text of Thelema, written by Aleister Crowley in Cairo, Egypt in the year 1904. Its full title is Liber AL vel Legis, sub figura CCXX, as delivered by XCIII=418 to DCLXVI, and it is commonly referred to as Liber AL vel Legis or just Liber Al. It contains three chapters, each of which was written down in one hour, beginning at noon, on April 8, April 9, and April 10.

Notes

References

Other websites 
 OTO-USA scans of the Manuscript version of The Book of the Law
 The Old and New Commentaries to Liber AL

1904 works
Spiritual books
1900s books
Ordo Templi Orientis

Ordo Templi Orientis (O.T.O.) (Order of the Temple of the East, or the Order of Oriental Templars) is an international fraternal and religious organization founded at the beginning of the 20th century. Originally it was intended to be modelled after and associated with Freemasonry, but under the leadership of Aleister Crowley was reorganized based on the Law of Thelema as its central religious principle along with The Book of the Law. Similar to many secret societies, O.T.O. membership is based on an initiatory system with a series of degree ceremonies that use ritual drama to establish fraternal bonds and impart spiritual and philosophical teachings.

O.T.O. also includes the Ecclesia Gnostica Catholica (EGC) or Gnostic Catholic Church, which is the ecclesiastical arm of the Order. Its central rite, which is public, is the Gnostic Mass.

Notes

Other websites

O.T.O. 
 U.S. Grand Lodge, O.T.O.
 U.K. Grand Lodge, O.T.O.
 Australia Grand Lodge, O.T.O.
 The Canadian O.T.O. 
 The Norwegian O.T.O
 The German O.T.O
 The Swedish O.T.O

Other organizations 
 The Typhonian O.T.O.
 Societas O.T.O. 
 O.T.O Foundation 

New religious movements
Secret societies
20th-century establishments
Luther Bible

The Luther Bible is a German Bible translation by Martin Luther, first printed with both testaments in 1534. 

Bible versions
Protestantism in Germany
History of Germany
Martin Luther
Wycliffe's Bible

Wycliffe's Bible is the name now given to a group of Bible translations into Middle English, that were made under the guidance of John Wycliffe.  They appeared over a period from about 1382 to 1395. Although unauthorized, the work was popular.  Wycliffite Bible texts are the most common manuscript literature in Middle English.  More than 250 manuscripts of the Wycliffite Bible survive.

These Bible translations were the chief inspiration and chief cause of the Lollard movement, a pre-Reformation movement that rejected many of the distinctive teachings of the Roman Catholic Church.

The Catholic Church started a campaign to suppress it. In the early 15th century, Henry IV, Archbishop Thomas Arundel, and Henry Knighton put into law some of the severest religious censorship laws in Europe at that time. Manuscripts of the Wycliffe Bible, if inscribed with a date before 1409 (the date of the ban) circulated freely and were widely used by clergy and laity.

Wycliffe's Bible was edited later in stages to bring it closer to spoken English of the day. His translation followed the Latin word order very closely, which is different from English word order:

Latin Vulgate: Dixitque Deus fiat lux et facta est lux
Early Wycliffe: And God seide, Be maad liȝt; and maad is liȝt
Later Wycliffe: And God seide, Liȝt be maad; and liȝt was maad
Douay-Reims (1609): And God said: Be light made. And light was made

Wyclif's Bible was followed later by William Tyndale, who translated the Bible into a more modern form of English, and used Greek manuscript sources for the first time. He was pursued for many years by Thomas More, whose agents finally caught him near Brussels in 1535. He was arrested, tried, convicted and executed by garrotte. His body was burnt at the stake.

Related pages 
John Wycliffe
Tyndale Bible

References

Other websites 

Studylight version of The Wycliffe Bible (1395) Searchable by phrase or chapter/verse reference.

Bible versions
Jens Jeremies

Jens Jeremies (born 5 March, 1974) is a former German football player. He has played for Germany national team.

Club career statistics 

|-
|1994-95||Dynamo Dresden||Bundesliga||10||1
|-
|1995-96||rowspan="3"|1860 München||rowspan="3"|Bundesliga||29||0
|-
|1996-97||27||2
|-
|1997-98||22||0
|-
|1998-99||rowspan="8"|Bayern Munich||rowspan="8"|Bundesliga||30||1
|-
|1999-00||30||3
|-
|2000-01||21||1
|-
|2001-02||10||0
|-
|2002-03||29||0
|-
|2003-04||23||1
|-
|2004-05||7||0
|-
|2005-06||13||0
251||9
251||9
|}

International career statistics 

|-
|1997||1||0
|-
|1998||10||0
|-
|1999||10||1
|-
|2000||4||0
|-
|2001||3||0
|-
|2002||17||0
|-
|2003||5||0
|-
|2004||5||0
|-
!Total||55||1
|}

References 

1974 births
1998 FIFA World Cup players
2002 FIFA World Cup players
German footballers
Living people
Sportspeople from Saxony
UEFA Euro 2000 players
UEFA Euro 2004 players
Ferenc Puskás

Ferenc Puskás (2 April 1927 - 17 November 2006) was a Hungarian football striker, regarded as one of the greatest footballers of all time. He played for Hungary national team and Spain national team. He died of pneumonia at the age of 79.

There is an award named after him. The award is called the FIFA Puskás Award. It is awarded to the player who scored the best goal in each year. In 2018, the award was won by Mohamed Salah.

Club career statistics 

|-
|1943/44||rowspan="7"|Kispest||rowspan="7"|National Championship I||18||7
|-
|1944||14||7
|-
|1945||20||10
|-
|1945/46||33||35
|-
|1946/47||30||32
|-
|1947/48||32||50
|-
|1948/49||30||46
|-
|1949/50||rowspan="7"|Budapest Honvéd||rowspan="7"|National Championship I||30||31
|-
|1950||15||25
|-
|1951||21||21
|-
|1952||26||22
|-
|1953||26||27
|-
|1954||20||21
|-
|1955||26||18

|-
|1958/59||rowspan="8"|Real Madrid||rowspan="8"|La Liga||24||21
|-
|1959/60||25||28
|-
|1960/61||28||27
|-
|1961/62||23||20
|-
|1962/63||30||26
|-
|1963/64||25||20
|-
|1964/65||19||11
|-
|1965/66||8||4
341||352
182||157
523||509
|}

International career statistics 

|-
|1945||2||3
|-
|1946||3||3
|-
|1947||5||5
|-
|1948||6||7
|-
|1949||8||11
|-
|1950||6||12
|-
|1951||3||4
|-
|1952||12||10
|-
|1953||7||6
|-
|1954||11||8
|-
|1955||12||10
|-
|1956||10||5
|-
!Total||85||84
|}

|-
|1961||1||0
|-
|1962||3||0
|-
!Total||4||0
|}

References 

1927 births
2006 deaths
1954 FIFA World Cup players
1962 FIFA World Cup players
Deaths from pneumonia
Disease-related deaths in Hungary
Hungarian footballers
Hungarian football managers
Medalists at the 1952 Summer Olympics
Olympic gold medalists
People with Alzheimer's disease
Spanish footballers
Sportspeople from Budapest
Michel Platini

Michel Platini (born June 21, 1955) is a retired French footballer. He was the president of UEFA between 2007 and 2015. In 2015, he was banned from football due to ethics violations. He is regarded as one of the greatest footballers of all time. He was the all-time top scorer for France between June 19, 1984 (when he overtook Just Fontaine's record) and October 17, 2007 (when Thierry Henry became France's top scorer). 

As a player, he played for Nancy-Lorraine, A.S. Saint-Étienne, and . He won 3 Ballon d'Ors as a player (1983, 1984, 1985).

Club career statistics 

|-
|1972/73||rowspan="7"|Nancy-Lorraine||rowspan="2"|Division 1||4||2||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||4||2
|-
|1973/74||21||2||3||0||colspan="2"|-||24||2
|-
|1974/75||Division 2||32||17||6||13||colspan="2"|-||38||30
|-
|1975/76||rowspan="4"|Division 1||31||22||7||6||colspan="2"|-||38||28
|-
|1976/77||38||25||1||0||colspan="2"|-||39||25
|-
|1977/78||36||18||10||7||colspan="2"|-||46||25
|-
|1978/79||19||12||5||3||colspan="2"|-||24||15
|-
|1979/80||rowspan="3"|Saint-Étienne||rowspan="3"|Division 1||33||16||7||5||7||5||47||26
|-
|1980/81||35||20||10||5||7||4||52||29
|-
|1981/82||36||22||8||5||2||0||46||27

|-
|1982/83||rowspan="5"|Juventus||rowspan="5"|Serie A||30||16||9||7||9||5||48||28
|-
|1983/84||28||20||7||3||8||2||43||25
|-
|1984/85||30||18||9||4||9||7||48||29
|-
|1985/86||30||12||6||1||6||3||42||16
|-
|1986/87||29||2||8||1||4||2||41||5
285||156||57||44||16||9||358||209
147||68||39||16||36||19||222||103
432||224||96||60||52||28||580||312
|}

International career statistics 

|-
|1976||5||4
|-
|1977||7||2
|-
|1978||6||4
|-
|1979||4||2
|-
|1980||6||5
|-
|1981||4||2
|-
|1982||10||4
|-
|1983||4||1
|-
|1984||10||13
|-
|1985||6||2
|-
|1986||9||2
|-
|1987||1||0
|-
!Total||72||41
|}

References 

1955 births
Living people
French footballers
French football managers
Presidents of UEFA
Hidetoshi Nakata

is a former Japanese football player. He played for the Japan national team.

Biography
Nakata was born in Kofu on January 22, 1977. After graduating from Nirasaki High School, he joined J1 League club Bellmare Hiratsuka in 1995. He moved to Italian Serie A club Perugia. In January 2000, he moved to Roma. The club won the champions in the 2000/01 Serie A season. In summer 2001, he moved to Parma. From 2004, he played for Bologna, Fiorentina and English Premier League club Bolton Wanderers. He retired end of the 2005/06 season.

Nakata was selected the Japan U-23 national team for 1996 Summer Olympics. In first match against Brazil and Japan won Brazil (1-0). It was known as "Miracle of Miami" (マイアミの奇跡) in Japan. On May 21, 1997, he debuted for the Japan national team against South Korea. After the debut, he became a regular player soon. In 1998, he was selected the Japan at 1998 World Cup and played all 3 matches. In 2000, he was selected U-23 Japan for 2000 Summer Olympics. He also played at 2002 and 2006 World Cup. He played 77 games and scored 11 goals for Japan until 2006.

Statistics

|-
|1995||rowspan="4"|Bellmare Hiratsuka||rowspan="4"|J1 League||26||8||2||1||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||28||9
|-
|1996||26||2||3||0||12||2||colspan="2"|-||41||4
|-
|1997||21||3||3||0||6||1||colspan="2"|-||30||4
|-
|1998||12||3||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||12||3

|-
|1998/99||rowspan="2"|Perugia||rowspan="2"|Serie A||33||10||0||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||33||10
|-
|1999/00||15||2||4||1||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||19||3
|-
|1999/00||rowspan="2"|Roma||rowspan="2"|Serie A||15||3||1||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||16||3
|-
|2000/01||15||2||0||0||colspan="2"|-||7||1||22||3
|-
|2001/02||rowspan="3"|Parma||rowspan="3"|Serie A||24||1||6||2||colspan="2"|-||8||1||38||4
|-
|2002/03||31||4||2||0||colspan="2"|-||4||0||37||4
|-
|2003/04||12||0||2||0||colspan="2"|-||4||1||18||1
|-
|2003/04||Bologna||Serie A||17||2||0||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||17||2
|-
|2004/05||Fiorentina||Serie A||20||0||3||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||23||0

|-
|2005/06||Bolton Wanderers||Premier League||21||1||3||0||2||0||6||0||32||1
85||16||8||1||18||3||colspan="2"|-||111||20
182||24||18||3||colspan="2"|-||23||3||223||30
21||1||3||0||2||0||6||0||26||1
288||41||29||4||20||3||29||3||366||51
|}

|-
|1997||16||5
|-
|1998||10||1
|-
|1999||3||0
|-
|2000||4||0
|-
|2001||7||1
|-
|2002||8||2
|-
|2003||11||1
|-
|2004||2||0
|-
|2005||10||0
|-
|2006||6||1
|-
!Total||77||11
|}

References

Other websites

1977 births
Living people
Footballers from Yamanashi Prefecture
Japan international footballers
J1 League players
Shonan Bellmare players
1998 FIFA World Cup players
2002 FIFA World Cup players
2006 FIFA World Cup players
2001 FIFA Confederations Cup players
2003 FIFA Confederations Cup players
2005 FIFA Confederations Cup players
Footballers at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Footballers at the 2000 Summer Olympics