cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Juan dela Cruz (TV series)

Juan dela Cruz is a Philippine television drama series. It is directed by Malu Sevilla. It stars Coco Martin as Juan dela Cruz, a half-tagabantay and half-aswang who falls in love with Rosario (Erich Gonzales). It is filmed and shown in high definition. The show was first shown on ABS-CBN and worldwide on TFC on 4 February 2013. It replaced the television show Princess and I.

Story 
The story is about Juan dela Cruz. Juan was an orphan. He was taken care by a Catholic priest named Father Cito. Father Cito taught Juan good values and faith on Jesus. Juan was so devoted to Jesus Christ that he called him "bossing" (Filipino word, for "boss"). On one day, Father Cito was killed by a thief. Juan went to Quaipo, Manila with Lola Belen after Father Cito's death. Juan does not know that he is a half-aswang, the son of the Haring Aswang (King of the Aswangs) and the Anak ng Dilim (Child of Darkness). According to a prophecy, the Anak ng Dilim is fated to lead the aswangs and take over the human race. However, Juan's mother, Amelia, is a human and a Tagabantay (Guardian). The Tagabantay's duty is to protect the humans from the aswangs. The Tagabantay also wields a weapon called the Bakal na Krus.

By the time he grows up as an adult, Juan later joins the Kapatiran (Brotherhood). The Kapatiran is a group that seek to destroy the aswangs. The group then trains Juan into becoming the next Tagabantay. Later in the story, the engkantos and diwatas comes to help Juan in his adventures. They have a bigger and important role in the continuing between the aswangs and the humans.

Cast and characters

Main cast 
 Coco Martin as Juan dela Cruz
 Erich Gonzales as Rosario Galang
 Albert Martinez as Samuel Alejandro

Supporting cast 
 Gina Pareño as Belen "Loley" Gonzales
 Eddie Garcia as Julian "Lolo Juls" dela Cruz
 Arron Villaflor as Mikael "Kael" G. Reyes
 Zsa Zsa Padilla as Laura Alejandro
 Joel Torre as Mang Pepe
 Shaina Magdayao as Prinsesa Mirathea "Mira"

My Little Juan 
Due to the success of Juan dela Cruz, the show was given a new series called My Little Juan. The new series which tells more about Juan's childhood before he was known as the new "Tagabantay". The series was first shown on 20 May 2013 and ended on 13 September 2013.

References

Other websites 
Official website 

2010s television series
Philippine television series
2013 television series debuts
2013 establishments in Asia
2010s establishments in the Philippines
2013 television series endings
21st-century disestablishments in Asia
Flag of the Philippines

The Flag of the Philippines has two horizontal bands colored royal blue and scarlet. It also has a triangle on its left side with an 8-rayed sun and three stars. The three stars symbolizes the archipelago's three principal islands, Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao. The 8 rays of the sun of the flag symbolizes the provinces of Manila, Cavite, Bulacan
, Pampanga, Nueva Ecija,Laguna, Bataan and Batangas. The latter group were the first to be placed under Martial Law by Spain when the Philippine Revolution began. The flag of the Philippines can be also hoisted upside-down to show that the country is at war. The flag was designed by Emilio Aguinaldo.

Philippines
Philippines
Bangsamoro Republik

The Bangsamoro Republik, officially the United Federated States of Bangsamoro Republik ()  was a former unrecognized breakaway territory in the Philippines. All countries consider the Bangsamoro Republik to be part of the Philippines. Nur Misuari, the chaiman of the Moro National Liberation Front declared the independence of the Bangsamoro Republik in Talipao, Sulu. Davao City is declared to be the capital of the state.

It was said to be a federal republic. The government was in exile. According to Misuari, the republic's territory covers the islands of Basilan, Mindanao, Palawan, Sulu and Tawi-Tawi. These are places where the Bangsamoro traditionally lived. But according to Emmanuel Fontanilla, Bangsamoro Republik also includes the Malaysian states of Sabah and Sarawak. Fontanilla is Misuari's legal counsel.

References

2013 establishments in Asia
Philippines
Moro National Liberation Front

The Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF) is a rebel group in the Philippines. It was started by Nur Misuari in 1969. The MNLF fights against the Philippine government for the independence of the Bangsamoro Land. Over the years there have been several attempts to achieve peace between the MNLF and the government. In 1976 a treaty was arranged by the Organization of Islamic Cooperation but this failed. In 1986 President Corazon Aquino met with Misuari, and in 1989 the area was given a level of autonomy. President Fidel Ramos arranged a peace deal in 1996 which allowed Misuari to be elected as regional governor. Misuari led an uprising against the federal government in 2001, but this failed and he was sent to prison. The MNLF says that the territory of Bangsamoro Land covers Sulu, Mindanao, Palawan and Sabah (in Malaysia). The MNLF is an observer member of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation.

References

Other websites
 The Long Struggle to Silence the Guns of Rebellion: A Review of the Long and Winding Trail to the Elusive Peace Agreements by The CenSEI Report
 Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF) (Facebook page)

Islamic organizations
1969 establishments in Asia
Nationalist organizations in Asia
Rebel militia groups in Asia
1960s establishments in the Philippines
Marlon Stöckinger

Marlon Alexander Stöckinger (born 4 April 1991 in Manila) is a Filipino-Swiss racing driver. He raced for Status Grand Prix in the 2012 GP3 Series. He is currently driving for Lotus F1 Team Juniors in the 2013 World Series by Renault. He is the first Filipino to win a formula race in Europe.

Stöckinger is the 2006 Asian Karting Champion, 2007 Philippine Rotax Max Champion and the 2008 Formula BMW Pacific Scholarship Winner.

Early life
Stöckinger was born in Manila, Philippines. He is the son of a Swiss businessman and racing enthusiast, Tom Stöckinger, and a Filipina woman, Egin San Pedro. He grew up in the Philippines. When he became 17 he went to Europe to be a racing driver.

References

Other websites
Marlon Stöckinger's personal website 

Racecar drivers
1991 births
Living people
Filipino sportspeople
People from Manila
ClariS

ClariS is a Japanese pop music duo and idol unit. The members are high-school girls Clara and Alice from Hokkaido. ClariS was originally known as "Alice Clara". ClariS began singing covers of songs mostly featured in anime and songs originally sung by Vocaloids. They posted their cover song in Nico Nico Douga video sharing website between October 2009 and June 2010. In September 2010, ClariS was signed to SME Records. They released their first single "Irony" in October 2010. That song was used as the opening theme to the 2010 anime Oreimo. ClariS released six more singles between 2011 and 2013. Their debut album Birthday was released in April 2012.

Other websites
Official site 
Official website as Alice Clara 
 

Girl groups
J-pop bands
2009 establishments in Asia
Duos
People from Hokkaido
2000s establishments in Japan
Philippine eagle

The Philippine eagle (Pithecophaga jefferyi) is a bird of prey that can be found only in the Philippines. It is also called the monkey-eating eagle, as well as agila ("eagle"), haribon, haring ibon ("king bird") and banog ("kite") by the locals. This eagle is known to be the largest eagle in wing surface and length. It is the national bird of the Philippines. The Philippine eagle is protected by law in the Philippines. learning that the Philippine Eagle has been found in danger, it has been made to be the national bird of the Philippines.

Home and Protection 
Cutting down a large number of trees (Deforestation) is one of the important reasons why the Philippine Eagle is in danger. Scientists have learned that the eagle lives in the eastern Luzon, Samar, Leyte, and that many eagles live in Mindanao. The eagle is known to live a long time, but it is still unknown how long it can live in the wild. The Philippines made this eagle the national bird in 4 July 1995 for a reason - to give attention to this bird. Gaining a lot of attention, the Philippines held events such as "The Philippine Eagle Foundation" in order to save this eagle .

Preferred Food 
The people of the Philippines have learned that the Philippine Eagle likes eating flying lemurs and civets . The eagle's known food is only in Mindanao. It is unknown in the eastern Luzon on what the eagle eats, because flying lemurs live in the home of Mindanao and are not present in Luzon . The eagle's preferred food can change depending on the time of the season or where the eagle lives. With enough information on each animal that the eagle eats, the eagle's preferred animals are mostly animals that live in trees.

Related pages
Haast's Eagle

References

Other websites
Philippine Eagle Foundation. A foundation devoted to saving the Philippine Eagle.
Animal Diversity Web – Pithecophaga jefferyi
National Geographic Magazine – "The Lord of the Forest"
Bringing Back Ol' Blue Eyes – article on Philippine Eagle Foundation work on Mindanao

Birds of Asia
Philippines
Accipitriformes
Shifty Adventures in Nookie Wood

Shifty Adventures in Nookie Wood is the fifteenth studio album by multi-instrumentalist John Cale. It was released in October 2012. It was his first full-length album on Double Six Records label.

Track listing

Personnel 
 John Cale − vocals, keyboards, piano, organ, synthesizer, electric guitar, acoustic guitar, electric viola, bass guitar, percusions, programming
 Dustin Boyer − guitars, synthesizer, background vocals
 Michael Jerome Moore − drums, percusions, cajón
 Joey Maramba − bass guitar
 Danger Mouse − bass guitar, synthesizer and programming on "I Wanna Talk 2 U"
 Erik Sanko − bass guitar on "Scotland Yard"
 Eden Cale − background vocals on "Hemingway"

John Cale albums
2012 albums
Tlazolteotl

Tlazolteotl (or Tlaçolteotl) is an Aztec goddess. She is the goddess of purification, steam bath, midwives, sin and adulterers. In Nahuatl, the word tlazolli means vice and diseases. Thus, Tlazolteotl was a goddess of filth (sin), vice and sexual misdeeds. However, she was also a purification goddess. Her dual nature is seen in her epithets; Tlaelquani ('she who eats filth [sin]') and Tlazolmiquiztli ('the death caused by lust'), and Ixcuina or Ixcuinan ('she of two faces'). Her sisters include Tiacapan (the first born), Teicu (the younger sister), Tlaco (the middle sister) and Xocotzin (the youngest sister).

She is the mother of Centeotl and Yum-Kax, the Maya maize god.

Notes

Aztec gods and goddesses
Washington Navy Yard shooting

On September 16, 2013, Aaron Alexis, a lone man armed with a shotgun, killed twelve people and injured fourteen others in a mass shooting at the headquarters of the Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEA) inside the Washington Navy Yard in Southeast Washington, D.C. The attack happened at around 8:20 a.m. in Building 197. Alexis was shot dead by police after he shot at them.

It was the second-deadliest mass murder on a U.S. military base after the Fort Hood shooting in November 2009, and the deadliest mass murder in the Washington metropolitan area since the September 11 attacks in 2001.

References

2013 murders in the United States
Navy Yard shooting
2010s mass shootings in the United States
Navy Yard shooting
Massacres in the United States
Murders by firearm in the United States
Looper (movie)

Looper is a 2012 American science fiction action-thriller movie directed and written by Rian Johnson. It stars Bruce Willis, Joseph Gordon-Levitt, Emily Blunt, and Jeff Daniels. It was released to positive reviews on September 28, 2012. Critic Roger Ebert gave the movie 3.5/4 stars. It won nine awards and was nominated for twenty-six.

References

2012 crime movies
2012 thriller movies
2010s crime thriller movies
2010s action movies
2012 science fiction movies
American action movies
American crime thriller movies
American science fiction movies
English-language movies
Dystopian movies
American independent movies
Roman house

In Ancient Rome, several types of Roman houses existed. Those in Rome were of at least three different types.

Insulae 

Ordinary people lived in apartment blocks called Insulae, a kind of apartment building. It housed most people of lower- or middle-class status (the plebs). The wealthiest from the upper-middle class (the equites) had their own homes.

Insulae were of poor quality, but they did have running water and sanitation. Rooms could be owned or rented. They were built in timber, mud brick, and later primitive concrete. They were restricted in height to about 20 metres.

Fires and collapses happened. Among his many business interests, Marcus Licinius Crassus speculated in real estate and owned numerous insulae in the city. When one collapsed from poor construction, Cicero said that Crassus was happy that he could charge higher rents for a new building than the collapsed one.

Domus 

Houses of the rich and upper classes were lavish. The atrium was the most important part of the house. It was where guests were greeted. The atrium was open in the centre, surrounded at least in part by porticoes with high ceilings, that often contained only a little furniture to give the effect of a large space. In the centre was a square roof opening in which rainwater could come, draining inwards from the slanted tiled roof. There were kitchens, bedrooms, a dining room, and a number of open rooms.

The master's office was placed so that the master could see what others were doing. The domus was not just a house; it was a place of business as well.

Servants would use a servants' entrance, not the main entrance. Slaves could not leave the house without permission of the master.

Villas 

A Roman villa was a Roman country house built for the upper classes. There were two kinds of villas. The villa urbana, was a country seat in easy reach of Rome (or another city). The villa rustica was a farm-house estate, like the later English country house. It was occupied by servants who ran the estate.

In the Empire, there was a concentration of Imperial villas near the Gulf of Naples, on the Isle of Capri, at Monte Circeo on the coast and at Antium (Anzio). Wealthy Romans escaped the summer heat in the hills round Rome, especially around Frascati (such as Hadrian's Villa). Cicero had at least seven villas. The oldest of these was near Arpinum, which he inherited. Pliny the Younger had three or four, of which the example near Laurentium is the best known from his descriptions.

Large villas were important to the Roman economy. They dominated the Po valley, Campania, and Sicily, and were also found in Gaul.  Villas were centres of mining, pottery, or horse raising.  Villas specializing in shipping olive oil to Roman legions in Germany were a feature of the southern Iberian province of Hispania Baetica. Some luxurious villas have been excavated in North Africa in Africa Province and Numidia, or Fishbourne Palace in Britannia.

References 

Ancient Rome
Houses
Yomiuri Giants

The Yomiuri Giants is a Japanese baseball team based in Tokyo. They are owned by a major newspaper company, and are the most successful team in Japan. They play home games at the Toyko Dome.

Other websites
Japanball 

Baseball teams
Baseball in Japan
Dili Municipality

Dili is the name of one of the 13 municipalities of East Timor, which includes the national capital Dili. 

Dili is the smallest municipality in East Timor, but it has the highest population. It is the economic and political centre of East Timor.

Geography

The district of Dili, with , is the smallest district of the country; it lies on the north coast of the island of Timor on the Savu Sea. It borders the districts of Manatuto to the east, Aileu to the south, Liquiçá to the west and the Savu Sea to the north. Atauro Island,  to the north of the district opposite the capital, is one of its administrative posts.

The district is divided in six administrative posts: Atauro, Cristo Rei, Dom Aleixo, Metinaro, Nain Feto and Vera Cruz.

The capital of the district is Dili and the administrative headquarters of the district are located in Caicoli, in the administrative post of Vera Cruz. The city of Dili extends over several administrative posts. Other settlements in the district are Dar (administrative post Veracruz), Hera (Cristo Rei) and Metinaro (Metinaro).

Mountains are close to the coast so that most of the landscape is mountainous. Near the western border is the Lake Tibar, one of the few large lakes of East Timor. Three small lakes with salt water are near Tasitolu and they have been named as Important Bird Area and also the entire island of Atauro.

Climate
The climate of Dili is typical of the north coast of East Timor. In the dry season, the temperature could get up to about ; at night, the temperature is around . In the rainy season the temperature is around . The annual average is . Rain falls almost exclusively during the rainy season from late November to April. The average annual rainfall is .

Population
The district of Dili had a population of 245,873 in 2011, more than in any other district in the country. Its density is  inhabitants per km², the greatest in East Timor.

The administrative posts with more people living there are Nain Feto, Dom Aleixo and Cristo Rei Veracruz. Atauro and Metinaro have less people living there. The average age is 20.8 years (2010), well above the national average of 18.8 

Tetum, the official language, is the dominant language on the coast where the dialect Tetum Praça (a dialect with a great influence from Portuguese) is spoken; in the interior of the district and in Metinaro, the national language Mambai is often spoken.

References

Other websites

 Ministry of State Administration 
 Dili District Development Plan 2002/2003 

Municipalities of East Timor
Turquoise-browed motmot

The turquoise-browed motmot (Eumomota superciliosa) is a bird of the motmot family. It lives in Central America, from south-east Mexico (mostly the Yucatán Peninsula) to Costa Rica. The turquoise-browed motmot is a colourful bird, mostly turquoise, green and orange. It is common and not in danger. It lives in fairly open habitats such as on the edges of forests and scrubland.

The motmots live in the tropical forests of Central America. They are brightly coloured with a strong beak. They have a signature tail with two bare feathers ending in tufts, just like this bird. This effect is got by the tail feathers having no barbs along the middle section.

This motmot has other local names. Itis called Torogoz in El Salvador and Guardabarranco in Nicaragua. It is the national bird of these two countries.

References

Other websites

 Motmot Research, Troy G. Murphy 

Coraciiformes
Birds of North America
Holyoke, Massachusetts

Holyoke is a city in southwestern Massachusetts. It is close to Springfield. The city was settled in 1745 and incorporated in 1850. Holyoke had almost 40,000 people at the 2010 census.

Cities in Massachusetts
1745 establishments
1740s establishments in the Thirteen Colonies
18th-century establishments in Massachusetts
Nymphomaniac (movie)

Nymphomaniac is a 2013 two-part erotic drama movie. It was directed by Lars von Trier. It is about a nymphomaniac who meets an asexual virgin and tells him about her sexual adventures. In the movie are Charlotte Gainsbourg, Stacy Martin, Stellan Skarsgard, Shia LaBeouf, Uma Thurman and Christian Slater. The movie was released on December 25, 2013 in Denmark. It was released in early 2014 in some other countries. It was filmed in Germany and Belgium in 2012. The Guardian gave the movie four out of five stars.

References

Other websites
Official website 

2013 drama movies
2010s LGBT movies
2010s erotic movies
Adultery in movies
Belgian drama movies
Belgian LGBT movies
Danish movies
English-language movies
French drama movies
French LGBT movies
German drama movies
German LGBT movies
Swedish drama movies
Swedish LGBT movies
LGBT drama movies
LGBT erotic movies
Movies about virginity
Rape in movies
Movies directed by Lars von Trier
Movies about pedophilia
Lauren Bush

Lauren Pierce Bush (born June 25, 1984) is a fashion model and designer. She is a niece of former President George W. Bush and granddaughter of former President George H. W. Bush. Bush was born in Denver, Colorado and raised in Houston, Texas.

References

People from Denver, Colorado
Models from Houston, Texas
1984 births
Living people
Greg Wilcock

Gregory "Greg" Anatole Wilcock is an Australian diplomat. He is a career officer with the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade.

On 14 June 2012, Wilcock was made the next High Commissioner of Australia to Bangladesh by Bob Carr. He gave his credentials to Bangladeshi President Zillur Rahman on 19 July 2012. 

His previous jobs overseas with the department were to Washington, D.C. and Jakarta. He also worked with the team that set up Australia's Embassy in East Timor.

Before arriving in Bangladesh, Wilcock worked in Canberra on Middle East policy. This was after he worked for almost three years as an adviser to Stephen Smith, when Smith was Australia's Foreign Minister and later Defence Minister.

Wilcock studied politics and international relations at the Australian National University and Monash University. He is married, and he and his wife have two young sons.

References

Other websites

Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Ambassadors of Australia
Louise Hand

Louise Hand is an Australian diplomat. She is a senior career officer with the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade. 

On 29 December 2011, Acting Minister of Foreign Affairs, Martin Ferguson, made Hand the new Australian High Commissioner to Canada. 

Before this appointment, Hand was worked for the Department of Climate Change as the Ambassador for Climate Change (2009–2011). Hand has served overseas as Minister and Deputy Head of Mission at the Australian Embassy, Jakarta (2005 to 2009), Ambassador to Cambodia (2000 to 2003), Counselor, Australian Permanent Mission on Disarmament, Geneva (1995 to 1998), and Third (later Second) Secretary at the Australian Embassy in Vienna (1986 to 1989).

In Canberra, Hand has held the jobs of Assistant Secretary in the Arms Control Branch (1999 to 2000), Director of the Ministerial and Executive Liaison Section (1999), Director of the Business Affairs Unit (1993 to 1994) and Executive Assistant to the Secretary (1992 to 1993).

Hand holds a Bachelor of Arts and Masters Qualifying degree from the University of Queensland and an MBA from Deakin University. She is married and has two daughters.

In January 2009, she was awarded a Public Service Medal for her work in Indonesia.

References

Other websites

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Ambassadors of Australia
The Saint of Bleecker Street

The Saint of Bleecker Street is a three-act opera with words and music by Gian Carlo Menotti.  It was first performed at The Broadway Theatre in New York City on December 27, 1954. The opera won the Pulitzer Prize for Music in 1955 and the New York Drama Critics Circle award for best musical. The opera is about a young woman in New York City's Little Italy who receives the stigmata. 

Compositions by Gian Carlo Menotti
Stigmata
1950s operas
1954
Assemblywomen

Assemblywomen is a satirical comedy by Aristophanes on the idea that women might be better than men at running the state.

The play is about a group of women, and their leader Praxagora. She has decided that the women must convince the men to give them control of Athens, because they could rule it better. The women, in the guise of men, sneak into the assembly and vote the measure, convincing some of the men to vote for it because it is the only thing they have not tried.

The women set up a government in which the state feeds, houses, and generally takes care of every Athenian. They enforce an idea of equality by allowing every man to sleep with every woman, but that the man must sleep with an ugly woman before he may sleep with a beautiful one.

There is a scene in which two men are talking. One of them is going along with the new government, giving his property to the women, and obeying their orders. The other does not wish to give up his property, but he is more than willing to take advantage of the free food.

The following scene has a pair of young lovers unable to make their tryst, as a succession of ever older and more hideous women attempt to and eventually succeed in dragging the man off to make love to him first, as laid down by the new laws.

Background 
After the oligarchy put in place after the war fell, Athenians asserted their democracy and equality very strongly. The play makes its point that excessive democracy has its problems.

Longest word 
In the play is what appears to be an exceptionally long word:
Lopado­­temacho­­selacho­­galeo­­kranio­­leipsano­­drim­­hypo­­trimmato­­silphio­­parao­­melito­­katakechy­­meno­­kichl­­epi­­kossypho­­phatto­­perister­­alektryon­­opte­­kephallio­­kigklo­­peleio­­lagoio­­siraio­­baphe­­tragano­­pterygon

In reality it is a series of words stuck together, not a genuine word. It describes a fictional food dish. Liddell and Scott translate this as "name of a dish compounded of all kinds of dainties, fish, flesh, fowl, and sauces". The Greek word contains 171 letters, which far surpasses that of Shakespeare's 27-letter long word, "honorificabilitudinitatibus" in his Love's Labour's Lost V.I.

It is a transliteration of the Ancient Greek word λοπαδο­τεμαχο­σελαχο­γαλεο­κρανιο­λειψανο­δριμ­υπο­τριμματο­σιλφιο­καραβο­μελιτο­κατακεχυ­μενο­κιχλ­επι­κοσσυφο­φαττο­περιστερ­αλεκτρυον­οπτο­κεφαλλιο­κιγκλο­πελειο­λαγῳο­σιραιο­βαφη­τραγανο­πτερύγων. It is the longest word to appear in literature.

The dish has at least 16 ingredients, including:

fish slices
fish of the elasmobranchii subclass (a shark or ray)
rotted dogfish or small shark's head
a dish of several ingredients grated and pounded together
silphium (a type of plant used in classical antiquity as a seasoning and medicine, also called "laserwort"), a type of giant fennel plant
a kind of crab, shrimp, or crayfish
honey poured down
wrasse (or thrush)
a kind of sea fish or blackbird as a topping
wood pigeon
domestic pigeon
chicken
roasted head of dabchick
hare, which could be a type of bird or sea hare
new wine boiled down
wing and/or fin

References

Long words
Ancient Greece
Night on Bald Mountain

Night on Bald Mountain or Night on Bare Mountain is a piece of music (tone poem) for orchestra by Modest Mussorgsky. He completed it in 1867. It was first performed in 1886 in a version by Rimsky-Korsakov after Mussorgsky's 1881 death. The music depicts a witches' Sabbath on St. John's Night. The music was used in Walt Disney's animated movie, Fantasia in 1940. 

Compositions by Modest Mussorgsky
Orchestral works
Iron deficiency anemia

Iron-deficiency anemia (or iron-deficiency anaemia) is a common type of anemia. It is caused by not having enough iron in food, not absorbing the iron in food, and/or losing iron because of bleeding.

Iron deficiency causes approximately half of all anemia cases worldwide, and affects women more often than men. This is partly because most women have periods (menstruate). There are probably more than one billion people who have anemia.

Anemia is most common in areas like Brazil or Central Africa. Asia, Central America and Eastern Europe are affected too, with North America least affected.

Symptoms include pale skin, tiredness, and weakness.

Anemia can be diagnosed with a blood test by finding out if there is little enough hemoglobin in the blood.

References

Blood disorders
Romeo and Juliet (ballet)

Romeo and Juliet is a ballet. The music was written by Sergei Prokofiev. The ballet is based on Shakespeare's play, Romeo and Juliet. The ballet was first performed in Brno (now in the Czech Republic) in 1938. It has been re-choreographed many times, notably by Sir Frederick Ashton in 1955, John Cranko in 1962, Kenneth MacMillan in 1965, and Rudolph Nureyev in 1977. 

Ballets
Compositions by Sergei Prokofiev
Jenůfa

Jenůfa is a three-act opera of realism with words and music by Leoš Janáček. It is based on the play Její pastorkyňa by Gabriela Preissová. The opera was first performed in 21 January 1904 in Brno, (now in the Czech Republic). It was a great success when it was performed in Prague in 1916. The opera is about the murder of a baby (this is called infanticide).

1900s operas
Compositions by Leoš Janáček
1904 works
L'Orfeo

L'Orfeo is a three-act opera. The music was written by Claudio Monteverdi. The words were written by Alessandro Striggio. The opera is based on the myth of Orpheus, his descent to Hades and his attempt to bring his dead wife Eurydice back. It was first performed in February 1607. It is a transitional work between the music of the Renaissance and the music of the Baroque. It is one of the earliest operas that is still performed.

Compositions by Claudio Monteverdi
17th-century operas
Il ritorno d'Ulisse in patria

Il ritorno d'Ulisse in patria () is an opera in a prologue and five acts (later revised to three acts). The music was written by Claudio Monteverdi. The words were written in Italian by Giacomo Badoaro. It was first performed in Venice during the 1639–1640 carnival season. It was not performed very much until the 20th century. The opera is based on the story of Odysseus' return to Ithaca and his contest with the unwanted suitors of his loyal wife Penelope.

Compositions by Claudio Monteverdi
17th-century operas
Dmitri Kulikov

Dmitri Vladimirovich Kulikov (; born October 29, 1990) is a Russian professional ice hockey defenseman currently playing for the Winnipeg Jets of the National Hockey League (NHL). He also played for the Florida Panthers and Buffalo Sabres.

Career
He started his hockey career with Lokomotiv-2 Yaroslavl in the Pervaya Liga and played a season with them. 

He then moved to North America to play for the Drummondville Voltigeurs of the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League. During his time in the QMJHL, he led all of the Quebec League blueliners with 62 points in 57 games and won a bunch of trophies which included the Emile Bouchard Trophy as the QMJHL Defenceman of the Year; the Raymond Lagacé Trophy as the Defensive Rookie of the Year; and the Mike Bossy Trophy as the league's best pro prospect.

He was drafted with the 14th overall pick in the 2009 NHL Entry Draft by the Florida Panthers. The Panthers signed Kulikov on September 29, 2009. He has shown high levels of skill and confidence after playing in 68 games with the Florida Panthers.

References

Other websites 

Buffalo Sabres players
Florida Panthers players
Living people
Russian ice hockey players
Winnipeg Jets players
1990 births
Archaeocyatha

Archaeocyatha is a taxon of extinct sponges.

Other websites
Archaeocyatha at Geology museum

Sponges
Fanfare for the Common Man

Fanfare for the Common Man is piece of music. It was written by Aaron Copland in 1942 for the Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra. The piece is scored for brass and percussion. It is often heard on television, at national events such as Fourth of July celebrations, sports events, etc. 

Compositions by Aaron Copland
Orchestral works
Rodeo (ballet)

Rodeo is a ballet. The story and dances were designed by Agnes de Mille. The music was written by Aaron Copland. The ballet was first performed on October 16, 1942 at the Metropolitan Opera House in New York City. It was a great success. The ballet consists of five sections: "Buckaroo Holiday", "Ranch House Party", "Corral Nocturne", "Saturday Night Waltz", and "Hoe-Down". The ballet tells the story of an awkward cowgirl's romance.

Ballets
Compositions by Aaron Copland
Land bridge

A land bridge is a term in biogeography. It is a narrow land connection between otherwise separate areas, sometimes called an isthmus. 

Its significance is that animals and plants may cross over it when the sea level is lower. They cannot easily cross when the sea level is higher, and water covers the land bridge. The separation of a once connected population often leads to speciation, the splitting of one species into two and the two species change over time to be different but have distant similarities.

Several kinds of change can cause a land bridge to rise above or sink below the water. Plate tectonics may cause the rise or lowering of land. The causes of general sea level changes are not fully understood, but often big polar ice caps lower sea level by locking up much of the water. When sea levels fall, shallow sections of continental shelf may get exposed. Sometimes the sea floor rises due to "post-glacial rebound" after an ice age.

Notable examples 
 The Bering land bridge, which connected Asia with North America when the sea level dropped in the ice age, but went under water when the ice melted.
 Doggerland, a former landmass in the southern North Sea which connected the island of Great Britain to mainland Europe during the last ice age
 The Isthmus of Panama whose appearance three million years ago allowed the Great American Interchange
Adam's Bridge (known as Rama Setu), connecting India and Sri Lanka.

Landforms
Biology
Nathan MacKinnon

Nathan MacKinnon (born September 1, 1995) is a Canadian professional ice hockey centre. He currently plays for the Colorado Avalanche of the National Hockey League (NL). He was drafted 1st overall by the Colorado Avalanche in the 2013 NHL Entry Draft.

Career
When he was playing an atom aged player, he recorded 200 points in 50 games. He started his hockey career with the Cole Harbour Red Wings in Bantam AAA and played 2 seasons with them. During that time, he recorded 145 points  in 110 seasons respectively. He also played for Shattuck-Saint Mary's in Bantam AAA and Midget AAA for 2 seasons. He scored 101 points in 58 games played that he played to finish second in team scoring in their Bantam Tier I program.

On June 4, 2011, He was drafted first overall by the Baie-Comeau Drakkar in the 2011 QMJHL Draft. On July 13, 2011, His rights were traded to the Halifax Mooseheads for Carl Gélinas, Francis Turbide, the Mooseheads' first round draft picks in 2012 and 2013, and the Quebec Remparts' first round draft pick in 2013 which was previously acquired by Halifax. On May 26, 2013, He led the Mooseheads to their first Memorial Cup championship win and scored a hat-trick in the final game against the Portland Winterhawks. He was named the Most Valuable Player and scored a tournament-best seven goals and six assists in four games as well earned a spot on the Tournament All-Star Team.

On June 30, 2013, he was drafted by the Colorado Avalanche with the 1st overall pick in the 2013 NHL Entry Draft. On July 9, 2013, the Avalanche signed MacKinnon to his first NHL contract, a three-year entry level deal.

References

Other websites 

1995 births
Calder Trophy winners
Canadian ice hockey centres
Colorado Avalanche players
Ice hockey people from Nova Scotia
Living people
People from Nova Scotia
Quebec Major Junior Hockey League players
Memorial Cup winners
Invitation to the Dance

"Invitation to the Dance" is a piece of music for solo piano written by Carl Maria von Weber in 1819. It is written in D-flat major in rondo form. It was the first concert waltz. This means it was meant to be listened to rather than danced to. 

In 1841, Hector Berlioz made an arrangement for orchestra. In 1911, the Berlioz version was used for a short ballet called Le Spectre de la rose. This ballet starred Nijinsky and Karsavina. It became very well known.

Compositions by Carl Maria von Weber
Solo piano pieces
Konzertstück in F minor

Concert Piece (Konzertstück) in F minor for Piano and Orchestra, Op. 79, J. 282 is a piece of music for piano and orchestra. It was written by Carl Maria von Weber, and first performed on June 25, 1821 in Berlin, Germany. 

It is one unbroken piece of music with four sections in different tempos. Weber wrote a program for the piece. It tells of a lady and her knight. They are separated by war, but are happily reunited by the end of the music. Mendelssohn played the piece in a concert when he was 18 years old. Liszt and Stravinsky were both influenced by the piece when writing similar works of their own.

Compositions by Carl Maria von Weber
Piano concertos
Chaperone (protein)

A molecular chaperone is a protein which does things to other proteins. They are mostly concerned with protein folding.  

Some help assemble or take apart other macromolecular structures. They do not occur in these structures when the structures go about their normal functions. 
What they do is:
Fold over half of all mammalian proteins.
Unfold proteins.
Assemble proteins.
Disassemble proteins.

The first protein to be called a chaperone assists the assembly of nucleosomes from folded histones and DNA. Those assembly chaperones, especially in the nucleus, assemble folded subunits into larger structures such as cell organelles.

One major function of chaperones is to prevent polypeptide chains and subunits sticking together in clumps which do not function. Some chaperones are "holdases" which act to stop aggregation. Others, called "foldases", do help fold proteins which cannot do it themselves. Such proteins violate Anfinsen's dogma, which said protein folding was automatic.

References 

Molecular biology
Proteins
Ribonuclease

Ribonuclease (commonly abbreviated RNase) is a type of enzyme that chops RNA into smaller parts. There are many different versions of the enzyme.

All organisms studied contain many RNases of many different sorts. This shows that RNA degradation is a very ancient and important process. 
It cleans up cell RNA which is no longer needed.
It is a first-line defence against RNA viruses.
It acts in RNA interference (RNAi), or post transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS). This is a biological process in which RNA molecules inhibit gene expression. In 2006, Andrew Fire and Craig Mello shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their work on RNA interference.

References 

Enzymes
RNA
Immunology
Baucau Municipality

Baucau (Tetum: Baukau), is the name of one of the 13 municipalities of East Timor, on the northern coast in the eastern part of the country. The municipality was the same during colonial times.

The capital is the city of Baucau (formerly Vila Salazar), the second city of East Timor after Dili that is at about  to the west; it lies at about 512 meters above sea level.

Geography
Its north edge is to the Wetar Strait, opposite the island of Wetar; it also borders the municipalities of Lautém to the east, Viqueque to the south, and Manatuto to the west.

The municipality has an area of . The largest part of the municipality is at an altitude between . Just right on the coast, the country is falling fast at sea level.

The highest mountain of Baucau, and the third highest in East Timor, is Matebian, with  high; it is in the Quelicai subdistrict.

The rivers Laleia and Manuleiden, in the west of the district, flow to the north into the Wetar Strait. The rivers Seiçal, Borauai, Lequinamo, Binagua and other small rivers are to the east of the city of Baucau; only the Seiçal has water all year round.

Baucau also has a wide shoreline with sandy beaches that are ideal for swimming and other water sports.

Population
In 2015, about 123,000 people lived in Baucau. The average age is 18.5 years.

Besides the national official languages of Tetum and Portuguese, most of the inhabitants speak the Papuan language Makasae. While most of the inhabitants are Roman Catholics, a few Muslims also live there.

Subdivisions administratives 
It is divided in six administrative posts:Baucau, Laga, and Vemasse with a coastal plain, while Venilale, Quelicai, and Baguia are located inland.

Economy
Baucau has the most highly developed agriculture in East Timor. Besides the staples rice and corn, Baucau produces beans, peanuts, sweet potatoes, coconuts, candlenut and manioc. It also raises buffalo and goats.

References

Other websites

 Ministry of State Administration 
 Bacau District Development Plan 2002/2003 

Municipalities of East Timor
Illinois Secretary of State

The Secretary of State of Illinois is one of the six elected executive state offices of the government of Illinois, and one of the 47 secretaries of states in the United States.  The Illinois Secretary of State keeps the state records, laws, library, and archives, and is the state's vehicle registration and driver licensing authority.  The current Secretary of State is Jesse White, a Democrat who took office in 1999.

Other websites

Government of Illinois
Illinois Attorney General

The Illinois Attorney General is the highest legal officer of the state of Illinois in the United States.  Originally an appointed office, it is now an office filled by election through universal suffrage.  Based in Chicago and Springfield, Illinois, the Attorney General is responsible for providing legal counsel for the various state agencies including the Governor of Illinois and Illinois General Assembly, and conducting all legal affairs pertaining to the state. The current Attorney General is Kwame Raoul.

Other websites
Illinois Attorney General website

Government of Illinois
Illinois Comptroller

The Comptroller of Illinois is an elected official of the U.S. state of Illinois.

Duties
He or she is responsible for keeping the State's accounts, and for ordering payments into and out of them. The office was created by the Illinois Constitution of 1970, replacing the office of Auditor of Public Accounts. The current Comptroller is Leslie Munger.

List of Illinois Comptrollers
George W. Lindberg (1973-1977)
Michael J. Bakalis (1977-1979)
Roland W. Burris (1979-1991)
Dawn Clark Netsch (1991-1995)
Loleta A. Didrickson (1995-1999)
Daniel W. Hynes (1999-2011)
Judy Baar Topinka (2011-2014)
Jerry Stermer (2014-2015; acting)
Leslie Munger (2015-2016)
Susana Mendoza (since 2016)

References

Government of Illinois
Illinois Treasurer

The Treasurer of Illinois is an elected official of the U.S. state of Illinois. The office was created by the Constitution of Illinois. The current Treasurer is Mike Frerichs.

Duties
Treasurer of the state of Illinois holds responsibility for the safekeeping and investment of the monies and securities deposited in the public funds of Illinois. The Treasurer is not the state's chief financial officer, that is the Illinois Comptrollers job.

List of office holders

References

Other websites 
 Illinois State Treasurer's Office

Government of Illinois
Jesse White (politician)

Jesse Clark White (born June 23, 1934) is a Democratic American politician.  He is currently the 37th and the longest serving Secretary of State of Illinois and the first African American to hold this position.

Early life
White was born in Alton, Illinois on June 23, 1934. He attended Alabama State University.

As Secretary of State
First elected to Secretary of State of Illinois in 1998, White was re-elected in 2002 by winning all 102 counties and garnering more than 2.3 million votes, the largest vote total by any candidate for Illinois statewide office in a quarter of a century.  In 2006, White was re-elected to a third term, having received 63 percent of the vote statewide. White was elected to a fourth term in 2010, the leading vote-getter in the entire state.

Electoral history
2010 Race for Secretary of State of Illinois
Jesse White (D) (inc.), 70%
Robert Enriquez (R), 27%
2006 Race for Secretary of State of Illinois
Jesse White (D) (inc.), 62%
Dan Rutherford (R), 34%
2002 Race for Secretary of State of Illinois
Jesse White (D) (inc.), 69%
Kristine O'Rourke Cohn (R), 29%
1998 Race for Secretary of State of Illinois
Jesse White (D), 57%
Al Salvi (R), 43%

References

Other websites
Illinois Secretary of State – official site
biography 
Follow the Money – Jesse White: 2006 campaign cycle, 2008 "campaign" cycle contributions
Project Vote Smart – Jesse White (IL) profile
Jesse White Tumbling Team official site
Jesse White 2010 official 2010 campaign site

1934 births
Living people
Politicians from Illinois
US Democratic Party politicians
Lieutenant Governor of Illinois

The Lieutenant Governor of Illinois is the second highest office of the State of Illinois. As of January 14, 2019, the lieutenant governor is Juliana Stratton.

Voting
In Illinois, the lieutenant governor and governor run on a joint ticket, and are directly elected by popular vote. Candidates for lieutenant governor run separately in the primary from candidates for governor.

Duties
When the Governor of Illinois becomes unable to discharge the duties of that office, the lieutenant governor becomes acting governor. If the Governor dies, resigns or is removed from office, the lieutenant governor becomes governor. Under the Illinois Constitution, the Attorney General, currently Lisa Madigan, is next in line of succession to the Governor's office after the lieutenant governor, but does not succeed to the Lieutenant Governor's office. Historically, the lieutenant governor has been from either the Democratic Party or Republican Party.

List

References

Other websites
Official website
Illinois House of Representatives

The Illinois House of Representatives is the lower house of the Illinois General Assembly, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Illinois. The body was created by the first Illinois Constitution created in 1818. The state House of Representatives is made of 118 representatives elected from different legislative districts for a two-year term with no limits. The leader of the body is the Speaker of the Illinois House of Representatives.

Government of Illinois

State lower houses in the United States
Animal hoarding

Animal hoarding is keeping a higher-than-usual number of animals as pets without ability to look after them. Hoarders believe that they take care for their pets usually.

Reference 

Pets
Jesse White (actor)

Jesse Marc Weidenfeld (January 4, 1917 – January 9, 1997) was an American television, movie, and stage character actor. He is best remembered for playing the Maytag repairman in television commercials, a role that he starred from 1967 to 1988.

Early life
White was born Jesse Marc Weidenfeld on January 4, 1917 in Buffalo, New York. He was raised in Akron, Ohio and in Cleveland, Ohio.

Career
In 1947, White starred in his first movie called Kiss of Death. White appeared in The Bad Seed (1956); Designing Woman (1957), with Lauren Bacall; and Marjorie Morningstar (1958), with Natalie Wood and Gene Kelly. He also appeared in the epic comedy It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World.

On October 2, 1958, White played the fast-talking, dishonest, used-car salesman San Fernando Harry in the segment "The New Car" of the ABC sitcom, The Real McCoys, starring Walter Brennan, Richard Crenna, and Kathleen Nolan.

His last movie was in the 1993 comedy Matinee. His last television appearance was on Seinfeld.

Personal life
White was married to Celia Cohn from 1942 until his death in 1997. They had two children. One of his daughters is actress Carole Ita White. He lived in Beverley Hills, California.

Death
White died on January 9, 1997 from complications of a heart attack following a surgical operation. He was 80 years old. He died 5 days after his birthday. He was buried at Mount Sinai Memorial Park in Los Angeles, California.

References

Other websites

 
 
 Jesse White at Find a Grave
 A writeup about the Maytag Repairman, with photo 

1917 births
1997 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Deaths from surgical complications
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American television personalities
Actors from Buffalo, New York
Actors from Akron, Ohio
Actors from Cleveland, Ohio