cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Amanda Anka

Amanda Katherine Anka-Bateman (born December 10, 1968 in New York City, USA) is an American movie, television, and voice actress.

Biography 
Amanda Katherine Anka was born on December 10, 1968 in New York City. She was born to musician and actor Paul Anka and model Anne de Zogheb, who were married from 1963 until their divorce in 2000. Amanda is the second of five daughters. Her sisters are Alicia Anka (b.1970), Amelia Anka (b.1977), Anthea Anka (b.1971) and Alexandra Anka (b.1966). She also has a younger half-
brother, Ethan Anka (b.2004).

Amanda married her boyfriend of two years, actor Jason Bateman (b.1969), on July 3, 2001. They have two daughters together - Francesca Nora Bateman (b.October 28, 2006) and Maple Sylvie Bateman (b.February 10, 2012).

References

Other websites 
 

1968 births
Actors from New York City
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
National Party of South Africa

National Party of South Africa was an Afrikaner dominated white South African nationalist political party that controlled the South African government from 1948 to 1994. It was founded in 1914 by J.B.M. Hertzog as a result of disagreements between him and the leaders of the South African Party, which he then was a member of. In 1948 its leader Daniel Francois Malan became Prime Minister of South Africa, and the party began instituting apartheid in South Africa. However, apartheid was only one among a variety of issues that helped bring the National Party to power. Most people who voted for the National Party in 1948 were voting more against the previous United Party led by Jan Smuts than for Malan's National Party. This was because of Smuts's support of the United Kingdom in the Second World War, and other issues that irritated Afrikaner voters such as the poverty of Afrikaners, the competition from native Africans for jobs, the urbanization of Afrikaner towns, and the threat of communism, which the Afrikaner voters generally felt Smuts had wrongly handled and felt that the problems were partially his fault. South African President FW de Klerk, the last South African government leader to belong to the party, disbanded apartheid in the 1990s and allowed all adults of all races to vote for the first time in 1994, which resulted in the National Party being voted out of office.

References

Political parties in South Africa
Nationalist organizations in South Africa
Conservative parties
1915 establishments
1997 disestablishments
1910s establishments in Africa
Sophie B. Hawkins

Sophie Ballantine Hawkins (born November 1, 1964 near Manhattan, New York) is an American singer-songwriter and recording artist. She has had many hit records and songs. In particular, she is well known for the single "Damn I Wish I was Your Lover".

Singers from New York City
Singer-songwriters from New York
1964 births
Living people
American bloggers
Kristen Wiig

Kristen Wiig (; born August 22, 1973) is an American actress and comedian. She is best known for acting on the NBC television comedy Saturday Night Live. She also acted in many movies, including Bridesmaids, Adventureland, Paul, and in the Despicable Me franchise.

In 2018, Wiig was cast as the villain Cheetah in the 2019 DC Extended Universe movie Wonder Woman 1984.

References

Other websites

 
 
 
 
 
 
 

American movie actors
Actors from New York
American television actors
American voice actors
Comedians from New York
1973 births
Living people
Arena

An arena is a circular or oval shaped public space. It is similar to a theater, a concert or sporting events. It is made up of a large open space surrounded on all sides by seats or benches for people to sit. The main feature of an arena is that the event space is the lowest point. This allows everyone to see what's going on. Sometimes, an arena is created to have a very large number of people, such as New York City's Madison Square Garden or Pasadena's Rose Bowl. In the United States, the term 'arena', sometimes means an indoor stadium.

References

Music venues
Arena (disambiguation)

An arena is a type of stadium or venue.

Arena may also refer to:

Sports 
Arena Football League
Arena football
Arena da Baixada

Music 
Arena rock

Places 
Arena, Wisconsin

Other 
Arena (web browser)
Jeff Foxworthy

Jeffrey Marshall "Jeff" Foxworthy (born September 6, 1958) is an American stand-up comedian, actor, radio and television personality, author, voice artist and comedian. He is known for having "Southern humor" and unusual styles of entertainment. He acted in The Jeff Foxworthy Show during the mid 1990s. He has also hosted game shows, hosting Are You Smarter Than a 5th Grader? and The American Bible Challenge.

Early life
He was born in Hapeville, Georgia. He is the first child of Jimmy Abstance Foxworthy, an IBM executive, and Carole Linda (Camp) Foxworthy. His parents are of English ancestry. His grandfather, James Marvin Camp, was a fireman in Hapeville for more than 30 years.

References

Actors from Atlanta, Georgia
American game show hosts
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
Comedians from Atlanta, Georgia
Television personalities from Georgia (U.S. state)
1958 births
Living people
Gary Barlow

Gary William Barlow  (born 20 January 1971) is an English singer-songwriter, pianist and record producer. He is frontman, lead singer and main songwriter of the boy band Take That.

Career 
In 1990, Gary Barlow became a member of the new founded boy band Take That. He is the main songwriter of the band. After the band broke up in 1996, Barlow started a solo career. He released two solo albums, Open Road and Twelve Months, Eleven Days. He also wrote songs for other singers. Take That reformed in 2005.

Barlow was voted as the best British songwriter of all time in 2009. He was a judge at the TV show The X Factor from 2011 until 2013.

Barlow organized the concert for the Diamond Jubilee of Elizabeth II in 2012. In May 2012, he released the album Sing with the Commonwealth Band. The solo album Since I Saw You Last was released in November 2013.

Personal life 
Barlow and his wife Dawn Andrews have three children Daniel, Emily and Daisy. Their fourth child was stillborn in August 2012.

References

1971 births
Living people
English pop musicians
English singer-songwriters
Musicians from Cheshire
Officers of the Order of the British Empire
Television personalities from Cheshire
English people
Príncipe

Príncipe is the northern and smaller of the two major islands of the country of São Tomé and Príncipe. It is in the sea to the west of Africa. It has an area of . Close to 5,000 people live there. The island is a heavily eroded volcano over three million years old. It is surrounded by other smaller islands including Ilheu Bom Bom, Ilhéu Caroço, Tinhosa Grande and Tinhosa Pequena. Príncipe rises in the south to  at Pico de Príncipe, in a part of the Obo National Park that is covered with trees. The north and centre of the island were formerly plantations, most of them formed by Portuguese colonialists using slave labor. These concentrated initially on producing sugar and later on cocoa, becoming the world's greatest cocoa producer. Since independence these plantations have since largely gone back to being forest. 

Príncipe was the site where Einstein's Theory of Relativity was experimentally proved successful by Arthur Stanley Eddington and his team during the total solar eclipse of May 29, 1919.

References

São Tomé and Príncipe
Russ Feingold

Russell Dana "Russ" Feingold (born March 2, 1953) is an American politician and lawyer from the state of Wisconsin. He was a member of the Democratic Party of the United States Senate (1993 to 2011) and a Wisconsin State Senator (1983-1993).

On May 14, 2015 he announced his candidacy for a 2016 U.S. Senate run against the incumbent Senator, Ron Johnson.

References

1953 births
Living people
Alumni of the University of Oxford
Lawyers from Wisconsin
Harvard University alumni
Jewish American politicians
Jewish lawyers
United States senators from Wisconsin
Chiriku Hachiman-gū

, also known as , is a Japanese Shinto shrine in Miyaki, Saga Prefecture.

History
Chiriku Hachiman-gū was the chief Shinto shrine (ichinomiya) of Hizen Province.  It is a chief shrine of Saga Prefecture and Nagasaki Prefecture.

In 1940, the shrine was recognized in the system of State Shinto.  It was ranked among the most significant shrines or  which included 50 sanctuaries.

References

Other websites

 千栗八幡宮 at Miyaki Sanpo website 

Shinto shrines
Saga Prefecture
Nagasaki Prefecture
Judith Light

Judith Ellen Light (February 9 1949 in Trenton, New Jersey) is an American stage and television actress who has been featured in multiple soap operas and sitcoms. She acted in sitcoms such as Who's the Boss?, Ugly Betty and Law & Order: Special Victims Unit.

American television actors
People from Trenton, New Jersey
1949 births
Living people
Actors from New Jersey
Soap opera actors
X Factor

The X Factor could mean:

The X Factor (UK), British TV show
The X Factor (U.S.), American TV show
The X Factor (album), album by Iron Maiden
Samantha Morton

Samantha Morton (born 13 May 1977) is an English actress. She was born in Nottingham. She has been nominated for many major awards for her acting. She began acting in 1991, although it was 2000 when she received recognition from worldwide. In particular she has been in movies, including Sweet and Lowdown (1999) and Minority Report (2002).

Other websites 

1977 births
Living people
Actors from Nottinghamshire
British child actors
English movie actors
English television actors
Entertainers from Nottingham
Golden Globe Award winning actors
Zootaxa

Zootaxa is a scientific journal that publishes papers of zoology. It is edited by Magnolia Press (Auckland, New Zealand). The magazine was created by Zhi-Qiang Zhang in 2001 and the magazine is issued every week. 

Zootaxa is indexed by BIOSIS, Zoological Record and the Current Contents Agriculture, Biology and Environmental Sciences.

References

Other websites

 
 BioStor: Zootaxa.

Science and technology magazines
Aso Kujū National Park

is a national park of Japan in Kumamoto Prefecture and Ōita Prefecture.

In part, the park's name comes from Mount Aso, which is the largest active volcano in Japan.  The park is also named for Mount Kujū and the Kujū mountains.

History
Aso National Park was established in 1934. When the area of the park was made larger in 1986, the park's name became Aso Kujū National Park.

References

Other websites
 http://www.env.go.jp/en/nature/nps/park/parks/aso.html ; 

National parks in Asia
Kumamoto Prefecture
Ōita Prefecture
1934 establishments
The Truman Show delusion

The Truman Show delusion is a delusion some people have. It is named after The Truman Show, a movie from 1998. In the movie, the main character discovers that he is living in a constructed reality that is shown on television. All people except the main character of the movie are paid actors. People with this disorder have delusions about being followed. The may also think that they are famous. As of 2012, there were over forty reported cases of this delusion, in the U.S and the United Kingdom. 

One of the patients, an upper-middle class Army veteran who wanted to climb the Statue of Liberty in the belief that doing so would release him from the "show", described his condition this way:

I realized that I was and am the center, the focus of attention by millions and millions of people ... My family and everyone I knew were and are actors in a script, a charade whose entire purpose is to make me the focus of the world's attention.

The choice of the name "Truman Show Delusion" by the Golds was influenced by the fact that three of the five patients Joel Gold initially treated for the syndrome explicitly linked their perceived experiences to the film.

Truman Syndrome
In the U.K., psychiatrists Paolo Fusar-Poli, Oliver Howes, Lucia Valmaggia and Philip McGuire of the Institute of Psychiatry in London described in the British Journal of Psychiatry what they referred to as the "Truman Syndrome":

[A] preoccupying belief that the world had changed in some way that other people were aware of, which he interpreted as indicating he was the subject of a film and living in a film set (a ‘fabricated world’). This cluster of symptoms ... is a common presenting complaint in individuals ... who may be in the prodromal phase of schizophrenia.

The authors suggest that the "Truman explanation" is a result of the patients' search for meaning in their perception that the ordinary world has changed in some significant but inexplicable way.

References

Psychology
MobyGames

MobyGames is an online gaming website for computer and video games. It is also a review site which allows their critics to give their opinion's on any video game. The site has a lot of video game information. Their goal is to be a huge game database.

As of July 17, 2012, the site includes 131 gaming platforms (video game consoles, computers and handheld devices including mobile phones.) They also have more than 67,000 game entries, in 40 years of gaming. GameFly bought the site in 2010.

References

Books 
 Jean Swanson, Dean James, The Dick Francis Companion, Berkley Trade; Berkley Pr edition (July 29, 2003), 
 Sheri Graner Ray, Gender Inclusive Game Design: Expanding The Market (Advances in Computer Graphics and Game Development Series), Charles River Media; 1 edition (September 2003),

Other websites 
 

Video game websites
John Carter (movie)

John Carter is a 2012 science fiction and action drama movie. It stars Samantha Morton and Willem Dafoe. The director of John Carter is Andrew Stanton. This action drama received negative reviews and performed poorly at the US box office, though it did well on international terms.

2012 science fiction movies
2010s action movies
2012 drama movies
English-language movies
Disney movies
American science fiction movies
American action movies
American drama movies
Movies directed by Andrew Stanton
Amphiuma

Amphiuma is a genus of aquatic salamanders.  They are the only genus still living in the family Amphiumidae. They are sometimes called "conger eels" or "congo snakes", which is not correct. Amphiumas have one of the largest amounts of DNA in the living world, around 25 times more than a human.

Description 
Amphiumas have a long body.  They are generally grey-black in color. They do have legs but they are very small. Amphiumas can be up to  long, their legs are only up to about . It is because of this that they are often mistaken for eels or snakes. They also do not have eyelids or a tongue. 

Female amphiumas lay their eggs in wet mud.  They then stay coiled around them for about five months, until they hatch. The larvae have external gills. After about four months these external gills disappear and the lungs begin to work.

Distribution 
Amphiumas live in the southeastern part of the United States. 

In the past they have lived in more areas. Fossils from the Pleistocene time show that they once lived in Europe.

Behavior 
During the day amphiumas hide in plants.  At night they become active and go hunting. Their prey include frogs, snakes, fish, crustaceans, insects and even other amphiumas. Hunting and eating habits are similar to that of the Axolotl.  They suck food into their stomachs with vacuum force. They can become aggressive.

Species 
There are three amphiuma species.  They are different because of the number of toes:
Three-toed Amphiuma (Amphiuma tridactylum)
Two-toed Amphiuma (Amphiuma means)
One-toed Amphiuma (Amphiuma pholeter)

References

Other websites
 Tree of Life: Amphiumidae
 amphiumas.org

Salamanders
Leiopelmatidae


Leiopelmatidae, or New Zealand and North American primitive frogs, is a family belonging to the suborder Archaeobatrachia.  There are only four Leiopelma and two Ascaphus species alive now. Leiopelma are only found in New Zealand. Ascaphus are only found in North America.

Overview
Leiopelmatidae have an extra vertebrae.  They have the remains of the tail muscles.

When Leiopelmatid jump, they land in a "belly flop".  After landing, Ascaphus skids to a halt before recovering.

They are very small frogs, only  in length. Most species lay their eggs in moist ground, typically under rocks or plants. After hatching the tadpoles nest in the male's back.  They do not need standing or flowing water.  Life span may be long at more than 30 years.

Species
Family LEIOPELMATIDAE
 Genus Leiopelma
 Archey's Frog, Leiopelma archeyi Turbott, 1942
 Hamilton's Frog, Leiopelma hamiltoni McCulloch, 1919
 Hochstetter's Frog, Leiopelma hochstetteri Fitzinger, 1861
 Maud Island Frog, Leiopelma pakeka Bell, Daugherty & Hay, 1998
 Genus Ascaphus
 Tailed Frog, Ascaphus truei
 Rocky Mountain Tailed Frog, Ascaphus montanus

Extinct species
Three extinct species are known by subfossil remains, also from New Zealand. They became extinct during the past 1,000 years.
 †Leiopelma auroraensis
 †Leiopelma markhami
 †Leiopelma waitomoensis

Much older fossils, dating back to the Jurassic, have been found in Argentina, such as Notobatrachus.

References

Other websites

New Zealand Frog Conservation Biology - research on New Zealand frog biology

Frogs
Megophryidae

Megophryidae are a large family of frogs.  They live in the warm southeast of Asia, from the Himalaya foothills  eastwards, south to Indonesia and the Greater Sunda Islands in Maritime Southeast Asia, and going to the Philippines. There are 70-100 species of frog divided between 12 genera. They are commonly called megophryids.

The megophryids are known for their camouflage, especially those that live in forests.  They often look like dead leaves. They even have some skin folds that look like leaf veins.

Megophryids range in size from  to  in length. The adults' tongue is noticeably paddle-shaped. Their tadpoles can be found in a variety of waters, but especially ponds and streams. The tadpoles are very diverse in form because of the variety of habitats they live in.

Genera
Family Megophryinidae
 Atympanophrys
 Borneophrys - Rough horned frogs Delorme, Dubois, Grosjean & Ohler, 2006 (formerly in Megophrys)
 Brachytarsophrys – Karin Hills frogs
 Leptobrachella - Borneo frogs
 Leptobrachium – Eastern spadefoot toads
 Leptolalax - Asian toads
 Megophrys - Asian horned toads
 Ophryophryne - Mountain toads
 Oreolalax
 Scutiger - Cat-eyed toads
 Vibrissaphora  - Spiny toads (sometimes included in Leptobrachium)
 Xenophrys

References

  (2004): Encyclopedia of Reptiles & Amphibians (2nd ed.). Fog City Press. 
  (2003): Animal Diversity Web – Megophryidae. Retrieved 2006-MAY-08.

Frogs
Parsley frog

Parsley frogs or Pelodytidae, is a family of order Anura. The family has just one genus, Pelodytes. These frogs live in southwestern Europe and the Caucasus. 

Parsley frogs are typical looking frogs.  They are closely related to Spadefoot toads and Megophyrids. The parsley frogs are small, smooth skinned frogs.  They reach a length of . They are one of the few families of frogs which have more known extinct species and genera (two or three) than living species.

Taxonomy
Family Pelodytidae
Genus Pelodytes
Pelodytes caucasicus – Caucasian parsley frog
Pelodytes ibericus – Iberian parsley frog
Pelodytes punctatus – Common parsley frog

References

 
 

Frogs
American spadefoot toads

An American spadefood toad is one of a family of toads known as Scaphiopodidae. They live in North America, in southern Canada and USA south to southern Mexico. Scaphiopodidae is a small family with only seven species.

The American spadefoot toads are of typical shape to most digging frogs. They are round, with short legs and eyes that stick out. This frog has a hard growth on their feet which helps them to dig. They dig backwards into the ground.

The American spadefoot toads live on land when not under ground. They are dully coloured, usually a grey or dull green or brown. This is to help in camouflage.

References

Other websites

Scaphiopodidae at Tree of Life

Frogs
Notaden

Notaden is a genus of frogs.  They live in central and northern Australia. They are a digging frog.

Description 
Its body is very round in shape with a short neck.  Its pupils are horizontal slits.  It has long arms and short, stubby legs.  Its fingers do not have webbing and its toes may have little to no webbing.  The skin is slightly warty.  Because it looks like some species of toads it is often incorrectly called a toad.  It lets out a poisonous sticky fluid from its skin when picked up.  It lays eggs in chains like some toad species.

Species

Other websites

Frogs
Mexican Burrowing Toad

The Mexican burrowing toad (Rhinophrynus dorsalis) is a frog.  They are the only species in the genus Rhinophrynus and the family Rhinophrynidae. These frogs live from the southern Texas through Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador to Nicaragua and Costa Rica. They used to live in more places.  There were species going as far north as Canada, but these died out in the Oligocene.

Physical description
The Mexican Burrowing Toad grows to  in length.  They usually have red spots on its bloated body with a red stripe along the center of its back. It has short legs, and a small, pointed head. Its feet have horny, shovel-like growths that help it in digging. Its eyes are small. The Mexican Burrowing Toad's tongue comes directly out the front of the mouth.  In all other frogs it is flipped out.

Behavior
As the name suggests, the Mexican Burrowing Toad is a burrowing animal. It spends a large part of its life underground. After a large time of rain, it will come out from the soil and lay eggs in water. They will travel up to  to find a good water source. Because of the unpredictability of rain, the frog will call and mate during any time of the year. It will dig into soft soil with its short legs once the land has dried up. The egg and tadpole stages of the life cycle are short. The eggs take only a few days to hatch. The tadpoles develop over one to three months. 

The call is a loud, low pitched "wh-o-o-o-a". When it is calling or scared, the body becomes inflated. The Mexican Burrowing Toad eats insects, mostly ants and termites.

References

Frogs
Tukeit Hill Frog

The Tukeit Hill Frog (Allophryne ruthveni) is one of the two described species in the genus Allophryne.  The other one is Allophryne resplendens. It is the only member of the subfamily Allophryninae, a clade recently placed under the family Centrolenidae These frogs live in Guyana, Venezuela, Surinam, Brazil and Bolivia.  The holotype was discovered at Tukeit Hill, below Kaieteur Falls, Guyana.  This is the reason for the common English name.

Description 
The Tukeit Hill Frog is a small frog. It can have different colors.  They are either black, with stripes and spots which can be golden or dull yellow, or a dull yellow or golden stomach surface, with black strips and spots. It has a flat body, and small flat head. The toe pads are large, wider than the fingers.

Behaviour 
The Tukeit Hill Frog spends some time low in the trees, 1–3 metres, and some of the time on the ground. This frog lives in sparse forest, avoiding cleared land.

References

 Austin, J. D.; Lougheed, S. C.; Tanner, K; Chek, A. A.; Bogart, J. P. & Boag, P. T. (2002): A molecular perspective on the evolutionary affinities of an enigmatic neotropical frog, Allophryne ruthveni. Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 134(3): 335–346. PDF fulltext
 Cannatella, David (1996): The Tree of Life Web Project: Allophryne ruthveni. Version of 1 January 1996; retrieved 2007-JAN-06.
 Cogger, H. G.; Zweifel, R. G. & Kirschner, D. (2004): Encyclopedia of Reptiles & Amphibians (2nd edition). Fog City Press. 
 Frost, Darrel R.; Grant, Taran; Faivovich, Julián; Bain, Raoul H.; Haas, Alexander; Haddad, Celio F. B.; De Sa, Rafael O.; Channing, A.; Wilkinson, Mark; Donnellan, Stephen C.; Raxworthy, Christopher J.; Campbell, Jonathan A.; Blotto, Boris L.; Moler, Paul; Drewes, Robert C.; Nussbaum, Ronald A.; Lynch, John D.; Green, David M. & Wheeler, Ward C. (2006): The Amphibian Tree of Life]. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 297: 1-370. PDF fulltext
 InfoNatura (2005): Allophryne ruthveni  Version 4.1, 28 June 2005. Retrieved 2007-JAN-06.
  Database entry includes a range map and a brief justification of why this species is of least concern

Frogs

ceb:Allophryne
Aromobatidae

The Aromobatidae are a family of poison dart frogs.  They live in Central and South America. By late 2019, 126 species in three subfamilies and five genera had been described.

Frogs
Arthroleptidae

The Arthroleptidae is a family of frogs found in sub-Saharan Africa. They are known as squeakers because of their high-pitched call. They are small, less than  in length.  They live on land mostly in leaf litter on the forest floor. They do not have tadpoles. They lay their eggs on the ground. 

Some species hatch already completely metamorphosed into the adult form, others still have tails when they hatch.

Taxonomy 
Arthroleptidae is separated into two sub-families: Arthroleptinae and Leptopelinae. Some think these are separate families. 

The two sub-families have these genera:

References 

Frogs
Saddleback toad

The saddleback toads are the family Brachycephalidae in the order Anura. The family has just one genus, Brachycephalus.  It has 28 species. 

These tiny, often yellow frogs live in  the cool cloud Atlantic forests of south-eastern Brazil. These mountainous areas have even more species (per square km) than the Amazon basin. Each small mountain has its own species.
"For animals like the Bracycephalus frogs that are particularly sensitive to their environment, even the temperature change from mountain to valley forms a barrier. That leaves the population on each mountain top to slowly develop into a separate species".

The saddleback toads are very small frogs.  They are mostly about  in length.  They include the smallest frog in the southern hemisphere, the Brazilian golden frog (Brachycephalus didactylus). They have only three toes on each foot, and two fingers on each hand. This is different than the usual five toes and four fingers of most frogs. 

The saddleback toads are active during the day.  They live in the leaf litter on forest floors. The eggs hatch into miniature frogs.  There is no tadpole stage. The eggs are laid on the ground.  They are covered in soil to protect from the heat and predators.

References

Frogs
Rhonda Fleming

Rhonda Fleming (August 10, 1923 – October 14, 2020) was an American television and movie actress. She starred in many television programs and lots of movies in the 1940s and 1950s. She was known as one of the most beautiful actors of her time. Fleming was born in Hollywood, California. 

Fleming died on October 14, 2020 in Santa Monica, California from pneumonia at the age of 97.

References

Actors from Hollywood
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
Deaths from pneumonia
1923 births
2020 deaths
Supervised learning

In machine learning, supervised learning is the task of inferring a function from labelled training data. The results of the training are known beforehand, the system simply learns how to get to these results correctly. Usually, such systems work with vectors. They get the training data and the result of the training as two vectors and produce a classifier. Usually, the system uses inductive reasoning to generalize the training data.

Artificial intelligence
Hasan ibn Zayd

Hasan ibn Zayd, known as Great Dai, (born early 8th century, died 6 January 884) was king of the Tabaristan's Alids. He rebelled in Tabaristan (in 864) and fought with Abbasides, Taherian and the Saffarids dynasty. He created an Alavids dynasty.

Hassan ibn Zayd died in Amol.

Other websites

 ʿALIDS: Ecyclopedia Iranica

Mazandaran
History of Islam
Caliphates
8th-century births
884 deaths
Don Johnson

Don Johnson (born December 15, 1949) is an American movie and television actor. He has been featured in many television programs and movies. In particular, he starred in the police shows Miami Vice and Nash Bridges. He was born in Flat Creek, Missouri.

Johnson was married to Melanie Griffith in 1976 and from 1989 until 1996. His five children include actor Jesse Johnson and actress Dakota Johnson.

References

Other websites 

Actors from Missouri
American movie actors
American television actors
1949 births
Living people
Corps de ballet

The corps de ballet are a group of dancers in a ballet company who are not soloists. They perform as a group (the Flowers in the "Waltz of the Flowers" from The Nutcracker, for example) and at other times as a backdrop for the soloists (the peasants in the mad scene from Giselle).

Ballet terminology

it:Glossario della danza classica#Corps de ballet
Tokyo Prefecture

This article is about Tokyo Prefecture. For other uses, see Tokyo (disambiguation).
 is a former Japanese government entity starting in 1869 and ending in 1943

In 1943, the prefecture's municipalities, including the traditional city of Tokyo, became part of the newly formed  or "greater Tokyo metropolian area".

References

 
1869 establishments in Japan
1943 disestablishments
1940s disestablishments in Japan
Soul Asylum

Soul Asylum is an American alternative rock band from Minneapolis, Minnesota. Soul Asylum has four members in the band; the current band members are David Pirner, Dan Murphy, Michael Bland and Tommy Stinson.

The band was formed in 1981 and were originally known as Loud Fast Rules. The band was renamed Soul Asylum in 1983. They released their debut album Say What You Will, Clarence...Karl Sold the Truck on August 24, 1984. The song "Runaway Train" from their sixth studio album, "Grave Dancers Union" won a Grammy Award for Best Rock Song in 1994. The bands original bassist Karl Mueller died on June 17, 2005 from a long battle with throat cancer. They released their tenth studio album "Delayed Reaction" on July 17, 2012.

Band members 

Current
David Pirner - lead vocals, guitar (1983–present)
Michael Bland - drums, backing vocals (1983-1985, 2005-present)
Tommy Stinson - bass guitar, backing vocals (2005–present)

Former
Dan Murphy - guitar (1983-2012)
Pat Morley – drums (1983)
Grant Young – drums (1985–1995)
Sterling Campbell – drums (1995-2000)
Chuck Biscuits – drums (2000-2005)
Karl Mueller - bass guitar (1983–2005)
Joey Huffman - keyboards (1993–1997, 2003–2006)

Discography 
So far as of 2012, Soul Asylum have released 10 studio albums and 1 live album:

Albums
Say What You Will, Clarence... Karl Sold the Truck (1984)
Made to Be Broken (1986)
While You Were Out (1986)
Hang Time (1988)
And the Horse They Rode In On (1990)
Grave Dancers Union (1992)
Let Your Dim Light Shine (1995)
Candy from a Stranger (1998)
The Silver Lining (2006)
Delayed Reaction (2012)

Live albums
After the Flood: Live from the Grand Forks Prom, June 28, 1997 (2004)

References

Other websites 
Official website

1980s American music groups
1990s American music groups
2000s American music groups
2010s American music groups
American punk bands
Grammy Award winners
Musical groups from Minnesota
Alexandre Benois

Alexandre Nikolayevich Benois (3 May 18709 February 1960) was an artist, art critic, and historian. He was born in St. Petersburg and died in Paris. He designed several productions for Diaghilev's Ballets Russes including Petrushka.

Designers
1870 births
1960 deaths
Tokyo, Tokyo

This article is about Tokyo City in Tokyo Prefecture. For other uses, see Tokyo (disambiguation).

 was a Japanese city in Tokyo Prefecture in 1889 through 1943.

History
In 1869, the city of Edo was renamed Tokyo, which means "Eastern Capital". The offices of Tokyo Prefecture were also opened.

In 1943, the city was abolished. All of the 23 Special wards of Tokyo merged with Tokyo Prefecture to form the Tokyo Metropolis.

References

Cities in Japan
Settlements in Tokyo Prefecture
1869 establishments in Japan

et:Tōkyō
Glass frog

The glass frog (or glassfrog) is the common name for the frogs of the amphibian family Centrolenidae. Most glass frogs are a lime green color.  For some glass frogs the skin on the stomach area is transparent. The insides, including the heart, liver, and gastrointestinal tract can be seen through the skin.  This is the reason for the common name.

Characteristics
Glass frogs are generally small, ranging from  in length. The frog is known to eat its own young. They are green in color over most of their bodies. The skin along the lower surface of the body is translucent.

Glass frogs are similar in appearance to some green frogs of the genus Eleutherodactylus and to some tree frogs of the family Hylidae. Hylid tree frogs have eyes that face to the side, whilst those of glass frogs face forward.

Distribution
These frogs live from southern Mexico to Panama.  They are through the Andes from Venezuela and the island of Tobago to Bolivia. Some species are in the Amazon and Orinoco River basins, the Guiana Shield region, southeastern Brazil, and northern Argentina.

Biology
Glass frogs are mostly arboreal. They live along rivers and streams during the breeding season.  Many live in montane cloud forests of Central and South America. Some species also live in Amazon and Chocóan rainforest and semi-deciduous forests.

The eggs are usually put on the leaves of trees or shrubs.  The leaves hang over the running water of mountain streams, creeks, and small rivers. One species leaves its eggs over stones close to waterfalls. After they hatch, the tadpoles fall into the waters below. The tadpoles are long, with powerful tails and low fins, suited for fast flowing water. Outside of the breeding season some species live in the canopy.

Genera

Family CENTROLENIDAE
 Subfamily Centroleninae
 Genus Centrolene Jiménez de la Espada, 1872
 Genus Chimerella Guayasamin, Castroviejo, Trueb, Ayarzagüena, Rada, Vilá, 2009
 Genus Cochranella Taylor, 1951
 Genus Espadarana Guayasamin, Castroviejo, Trueb, Ayarzagüena, Rada, Vilá, 2009
 Genus Nymphargus Cisneros-Heredia & McDiarmid, 2007
 Genus Rulyrana Guayasamin, Castroviejo, Trueb, Ayarzagüena, Rada, Vilá, 2009
 Genus Sachatamia Guayasamin, Castroviejo, Trueb, Ayarzagüena, Rada, Vilá, 2009
 Genus Teratohyla Taylor, 1951
 Genus Vitreorana Guayasamin, Castroviejo, Trueb, Ayarzagüena, Rada, Vilá, 2009
 Subfamily Hyalinobatrachinae
 Genus Celsiella Guayasamin, Castroviejo, Trueb, Ayarzagüena, Rada, Vilá, 2009
 Genus Hyalinobatrachium Ruiz-Carranza & Lynch, 1991 - "True" Glass Frogs
 Subfamily Allophryninae
Incertae sedis Ikakogi Guayasamin, Castroviejo, Trueb, Ayarzagüena, Rada, Vilá, 2009

References

 Guayasamin, J. M., S. Castroviejo-Fisher, L. Trueb, J. Ayarzagüena, M. Rada, C. Vilá. 2009. Phylogenetic systematics of Glassfrogs (Amphibia: Centrolenidae) and their sister taxon Allophryne ruthveni. Zootaxa 2100:1-97.
 Kubicki, Brian. Ranas De Vidrio - Costa Rica - Glass Frogs (2007). In Spanish and English. .

Frogs
Ceratophryinae

The Ceratophryinae, known as common horned frogs, are a subfamily of the leptodactylid frogs. All species live in South America.  

Fossils of the giant Beelzebufo from Cretaceous Madagascar suggest that the subfamily may have once ranged throughout the prehistoric supercontinent of Gondwana. Not all species in the subfamily have the horn-like growth at the eyes. All are carnivorous, terrestrial or semi-aquatic.  They have large heads and mouths. 

Some people enjoy keeping these frogs as pets.

Genera
 †Beelzebufo, Evans, Jones, & Krause, 2008.
 Ceratophrys, Wied-Neuwied, 1824.
 Chacophrys, Reig & Limeses, 1963.
 Lepidobatrachus, Budgett, 1899.
 Macrogenioglottus, Carvalho, 1946.
 Odontophrynus, Reinhardt & Lütken, 1862.
 Proceratophrys, Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920.

References

http://research.amnh.org/herpetology/amphibia/names.php?taxon=&family=&subfamily=Ceratophryinae&genus=&commname=&authority=&year=&geo=0&dist=&comment=

Frogs
Craugastoridae

Craugastoridae is a family of frogs.  There are 2 genera: Craugastor and Haddadus. 

The genus Craugastor has 112 species.  They can be found in the southwestern United States, Mexico, Central America up to northwestern South America. The genus Haddadus has 2 species.  They are only found in south-eastern Brazil.

References 

Frogs
Cycloramphinae

Cycloramphinae is a subfamily of leptodactylid frogs.  They are found in South America.

Genera
 Crossodactylodes Cochran, 1938.
 Crossodactylus Duméril & Bibron, 1841.
 Cycloramphus Tschudi, 1838.
 Hylodes Fitzinger, 1826.
 Megaelosia Miranda-Ribeiro, 1923.
 Paratelmatobius Lutz & Carvalho, 1958.
 Rupirana Heyer, 1999.
 Scythrophrys Lynch, 1971.
 Thoropa Cope, 1865.
 Zachaenus Cope, 1866.

Frogs
Eleutherodactylidae

Eleutherodactylidae is a family of frogs. They used to be a subfamily of Leptodactylidae.  There are 801 frogs in the family.

Genera
 Adelophryne Hoogmoed et Lescure, 1984.
 Atopophrynus Lynch and Ruiz-Carranza, 1982.
 Barycholos Heyer, 1969.
 Diasporus Hedges, Duellman & Heinicke, 2008
 Dischidodactylus Lynch, 1979.
 Eleutherodactylus Duméril and Bibron, 1841.
 Euparkerella Griffiths, 1959.
 Geobatrachus Ruthven, 1915.
 Holoaden Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920.
 Ischnocnema Reinhardt and Lütken, 1862
 Oreobates Jiménez de la Espada, 1872.
 Phrynopus Peters, 1873.
 Phyllonastes Heyer, 1977.
 Phyzelaphryne Heyer, 1977.

References

Frogs
Ghost frog

The ghost frog is the common name for a family of frogs of the family Heleophrynidae. The family has two genera, Heleophryne and Hadromophryne.  There are seven species. Ghost frogs live in swift-moving mountain streams in South Africa. The common name of "ghost frogs" may be because they live in Skeleton Gorge.

Biology
Ghost frogs are medium sized frogs, reaching a length of .  They have flat bodies. This lets them climb inside rocky crevices. They have very large toe discs in comparison to their size.  This helps to hold onto rocks. The mouthparts of the tadpoles are a sucking disc.  This lets them hold onto the surface they live on and remain still while they are feeding.

Taxonomy
The ghost frogs are closely related to the Sooglossidae family, which inhabit the Seychelles. They may also be closely related to the Australian Myobatrachids.

Family Heleophrynidae
 Genus Hadromophryne Van Dijk, 2008
 Natal Ghost Frog, Hadromophryne natalensis Hewitt, 1913
 Genus Heleophryne Sclater, 1898
 Cederberg Ghost Frog, Heleophryne depressa FitzSimons, 1946
 Hewitt's Ghost Frog, Heleophryne hewitti Boycott, 1988
 Eastern Ghost Frog, Heleophryne orientalis FitzSimons, 1946
 Purcell's Ghost Frog, Heleophryne purcelli Sclater, 1898
 Royal Ghost Frog, Heleophryne regis Hewitt, 1910
 Table Mountain Ghost Frog, Heleophryne rosei Hewitt, 1925

References

 

Frogs

vi:Heleophryne
Hemiphractidae

Hemiphractidae is a family of frogs.  They live in South and Central America.  Previously, this group was classified as a subfamily under family Hylidae.

Breeding behavior

This frog is different in that the eggs grow into froglets on the back of the female.  In most there is no free-swimming tadpole stage. In some of the frogs the eggs are in a pouch until they hatch.

Taxonomy 
The Hemiphractidae family is divided into the following genera:
 Cryptobatrachus - Backpack Frogs
 Flectonotus
 Gastrotheca - Marsupial Frogs
 Hemiphractus - Horned Treefrogs
 Stefania - Carrying Frogs

Frogs

hu:Erszényes békák
Ettore Bassi

Ettore Francesco Maria Bassi (born April 16, 1970) is an Italian actor and television presenter. In 2010, it was announced that he is the successor of Kaspar Capparoni in the German-Austrian-Italian thriller series Inspector Rex.

Other websites
 Sito ufficiale di Ettore Bassi
 

1970 births
Italian actors
Italian television presenters
People from Bari
Living people
Shovelnose frog

The shovelnose frogs are nine species of frog in the genus, Hemisus.  The is the only genus in the Family Hemisotidae. They are found in tropical and subtropical sub-Saharan Africa. 

The shovelnose frogs are medium sized frogs, reaching a length of . They are round-bodied, with short legs. Their head is small and narrow, with a hard, upturned nose. 

The shovelnose frogs are digging frogs.  They live most of their life underground. The female will dig underground while it is in amplexus.  It then will lay the eggs in an underground hole. The male will leave through the tunnel, and the female will stay with the eggs. Once enough rain has fallen, the female will dig, with her nose, towards a water source. The tadpoles will stay there until metamorphosis. The tadpoles may stay out of water for up to a few days. 

Unlike most digging frogs, the shovelnose frogs dig head first.  Other frogs dig rear first. 

Some species are kept as pets.

Species
Family HEMISOTIDAE
 Genus Hemisus
 Hemisus barotseensis - Mongu Shovelnose Frog (Channing & Broadley, 2002)
 Hemisus brachydactylus - Masiliwa Shovelnose Frog (Laurent, 1963)
 Hemisus guineensis - Guinea Shovelnose Frog (Cope, 1865)
 Hemisus guttatus - Spotted Shovelnose Frog (Rapp, 1842)
 Hemisus marmoratus - Marbled Shovelnose Frog (Steindachner, 1863)
 Hemisus microscaphus - Lake Zwei Shovelnose Frog (Laurent, 1972)
 Hemisus olivaceus - Olive Shovelnose Frog (Laurent, 1963)
 Hemisus perreti - Perret's Shovelnose Frog (Laurent, 1972)
 Hemisus wittei - Witte's Shovelnose Frog (Laurent, 1963)

References

 
 Amphibian Species of the World: Hemisus

Frogs
Hyperoliidae

Hyperoliidae is a family of small to medium sized, brightly colored, frogs.  It has more than 250 species in 19 genera. Seventeen genera live in sub-Saharan Africa. 

Hyperoliids range from  to  in body length. Many species have smooth, brightly patterned, skin that almost looks enameled.

Most hyperoliids live in trees.  Some live on land, including several Kassina species that move by walking or running rather than hopping. Diet varies widely, with examples including Tornierella, who eats snails, and Afrixalus fornasinii, the only land frog known to eat eggs of other species of anurans.

Breeding in this family begins at the start of the rainy season.  Hyperoliids come together at breeding sites. Most hyperoliids lay their eggs in water. Tadpoles are pond type larvae with large dorsal fins on the tail.

No fossil hyperoliids are known.

Classification
Family HYPEROLIIDAE
 Subfamily Hyperoliinae
 Genus Acanthixalus - African wart frogs
 Genus Alexteroon - Midwife frogs
 Genus Arlequinus - Mebebque frogs
 Genus Callixalus - African painted frogs
 Genus Chlorolius - Koehler's green frogs
 Genus Chrysobatrachus - Itombwe golden frogs
 Genus Cryptothylax - Wax frogs
 Genus Heterixalus - Madagascan reed frogs
 Genus Hyperolius - African reed frogs
 Genus Nesionixalus
 Subfamily Kassininae
 Genus Afrixalus - Banana frogs
 Genus Kassina - Running frogs
 Genus Kassinula - Clicking frogs
 Genus Opisthothylax - Grey-eyed frogs
 Genus Paracassina - Common striped frogs
 Genus Phlyctimantis - African striped frogs
 Genus Semnodactylus - Weal's frogs
 Genus Tornierella
 Subfamily Tachycneminae
 Genus Tachycnemis - Seychelles Islands frogs

References

Frogs
Mantellidae

Mantellidae is a family of the order Anura. These frogs are found only in Madagascar and Mayotte.

These frogs are very different from each other. Most species live on land, though some live in trees. Body size ranges from 3 to 10 centimetres in length. The genus Mantella has many similarities with the South American poison dart frogs. 
They are small, aposematically coloured, and secrete alkaloid toxins.

Some members of this group are kept as pets due to their bright colors.

References

Frogs
Microhylidae

Microhylidae is a family of frogs. There are 495 species in 68 genera and nine subfamilies.  This is the largest number of genera of any frog family.

Description
As suggested by their name, microhylids are mostly small frogs. Many species are below  in length. Though some species are as large as . They can live in trees or on land. Some will even live close to water. The ground dwellers are often found under leaf litter within forests.  The sometimes go out at night to hunt. There are two main shapes for the microhylids.  One shape is with wide bodies and narrow mouths.  The other shape is with normal frog proportions. Those with narrow mouths generally eat termites and ants, and the others have diets typical of most frogs.

Reproduction
The microhylids of New Guinea and Australia do not have a tadpole stage. Those who live in trees can lay the eggs in trees, and never go to the ground. Where species do have tadpoles, these almost always do not have the teeth or horny beak typical of the tadpoles of other families.

Range
Frogs from Microhylidae live throughout the tropical and warm temperate regions of North America, South America, Africa, eastern India, Sri Lanka, south-east Asia, through New Guinea and Australia. Although most are found in tropical or sub-tropical regions, a few species can be found in arid or non-tropical areas. They are the majority frog species in New Guinea and Madagascar.

References

 

Frogs
Myobatrachidae

Myobatrachidae is a family of frogs found in Australia and New Guinea. Members of this family vary greatly in size.  There are species less than  long.  This family also has the second-largest frog in Australia, the Giant Barred Frog at  in length. The entire family either live in land or water.  None of them live in trees.

These frogs do not have the adhesive toe disc cups found in the tree frogs. The family is broken up into three sub-families: Limnodynastinae, Myobatrachinae and Rheobatrachinae. This separation is based mainly on their egg-laying habits. Those of the sub-family Limnodynastinae lay foam nests. The female makes foam with a chemical on her skin. The foam may float on top of water, or be on land. The sub-family Rheobatrachinae has the two species of gastric-brooding frog, and the rest are in the sub-family Myobatrachinae.

Taxonomy

References

 

Frogs
Julianna Margulies

Julianna Margulies (born June 8, 1966) is an Emmy and Golden Globe award winning actress. She has received more Screen Actors Guild Awards than any other actress or actor. She played Carol in the long-running series ER and Alicia in the CBS legal drama The Good Wife. She also performed in sitcoms and theatrical movies. She was raised in New York.

Other websites

American television actors
American movie actors
Actors from New York
Emmy Award winning actors
Golden Globe Award winning actors
1966 births
Living people
Maya Rudolph

Maya Rudolph (born July 27, 1972) is an American actress and comedian. She is the daughter of singer Minnie Riperton and music composer Richard Rudolph. She has acted in numerous sitcoms, in particular NBC's Up all Night. She was a cast member on the NBC television show Saturday Night Live from 2000-2007. 

She was raised in Santa Monica, California. She attended University of California, Santa Cruz.

Early life
Rudolph was born in Gainesville, Florida. She is the daughter of soul singer Minnie Riperton and composer/songwriter/producer Richard Rudolph. Her father is an Ashkenazi Jew, and her mother was African-American. Her paternal grandfather was Sidney Rudolph, a philanthropist who once owned all of the Wendy's and Rudy's restaurants in Dade County, Florida. Her parents moved to Los Angeles when she and her brother Marc were very young, and they grew up primarily in the Westwood section.

References

Comedians from Florida
American movie actors
American television actors
Actors from Florida
Musicians from Florida
Singers from Los Angeles
1972 births
Living people
Minnie Riperton

Minnie Julia Riperton Rudolph (November 8, 1947 - July 12, 1979), known professionally as Minnie Riperton, was an American singer-songwriter best known for her 1975 single "Lovin' You". She was well known for her R&B singing. She was married to songwriter and music producer Richard Rudolph from 1972 until her death in 1979. They had two children: music engineer Marc Rudolph and actress/comedienne Maya Rudolph. She was born in Chicago, Illinois. She died of breast cancer at the age of 31 on July 12, 1979.

Early life
Riperton was born in Chicago to Thelma and Daniel Riperton, a Pullman porter. She was the youngest of eight children. She was raised in a musical family. She embraced the arts early. Although she began with ballet and modern dance, her parents recognized her vocal and musical abilities and encouraged her to pursue music and voice.

References

African American musicians
Cancer deaths in the United States
Deaths from breast cancer
Singers from Chicago
1947 births
1979 deaths