cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Ornithomimidae

Ornithomimidae ("bird-mimics") is a group of theropod dinosaurs which bore a superficial resemblance to modern ostriches. They were fast, omnivorous or herbivorous dinosaurs from the Upper Cretaceous of Laurasia (now Asia and North America). Members of the Ornithomimidae include Gallimimus, Archaeornithomimus, Anserimimus, Struthiomimus, and Ornithomimus.

Ornithomimids are a sister group to the troodontids. These groups had many bird-like features, including feathers, but they were not birds.

The skulls of ornithomimids were small, with large eyes, above relatively long and slender necks. All had toothless beaks.

The fore limbs ('arms') were long and slender and bore powerful claws. The hind limbs were long and powerful, with a long foot and short, strong toes terminating in hooflike claws. 

Ornithomimids probably acquired most of their calories from plants. Many ornithomimosaurs, including primitive species, have been found with numerous gastroliths in their stomachs, characteristic of herbivores. Henry Fairfield Osborn suggested that the long, sloth-like 'arms' of ornithomimids may have been used to pull down branches on which to feed, an idea supported by further study of their strange, hook-like hands.  Ornithomimids probably acquired most of their calories from plants. Many ornithomimosaurs, including primitive species, have been found with numerous gastroliths in their stomachs, characteristic of herbivores.

The sheer abundance of ornithomimids – they are the most common small dinosaurs in North America – is consistent with the idea that they were plant eaters, as herbivores usually outnumber carnivores in an ecosystem. However, they may have been omnivores that ate both plants and small animal prey.

References 

Coelurosaurs
Grace Gates

The Grace Gates (or the WG Grace Memorial Gates) are a pair of gates at Lord's Cricket Ground in London, England. They were built in 1923. They are a Grade II listed building.

References

Gates
Grade II listed buildings in London
1923 establishments in England
Rapper's Delight

"Rapper's Delight" is a song by The Sugarhill Gang. It was their first single. It is fourteen minutes and thirty-five seconds long. The single reached number one in the Netherlands and Canada. The song made hip hop popular around the world. Rolling Stone magazine put "Rapper's Delight" at number 248 in their 500 Greatest Songs of All Time list.

References

1979 songs
Disco songs
The Sugarhill Gang

The Sugarhill Gang is an American hip hop group. They are best known for their 1979 single "Rapper's Delight". It was the first hip hop song to enter the top 40 in the United States. The song was on their first album Sugarhill Gang.

History
The group formed in 1973. They broke up in 2007. They have released four studio albums.

Musical groups established in 1973
Musical groups disestablished in 2007
African-American musical groups
Bon Iver

Bon Iver is an American indie folk band. The band was started in Eau Claire in 2007 by Justin Vernon. The band has seven members. Their most well known song is "Skinny Love".

Career
In 2007 they self released their first album, For Emma, Forever Ago. In 2008 the independent record label Jagjaguwar released it in the United States. It sold over 30,000 copies in its first three months. 4AD later released the album in the UK and Europe. The first single from the album was "Skinny Love". In 2008 Bon Iver designed a T-shirt for the Yellow Bird Project.

In 2009 Bon Iver released their first EP Blood Bank. In 2011 they released their second album Bon Iver, Bon Iver. Pitchfork gave the album a score of 9.5 out of 10. They chose it as the best album of 2011. The album won the Grammy Award for Best Alternative Music Album in 2012. In 2012 Bon Iver also won the Grammy for Best New Artist. "Holocene" was nominated for Song of the Year and Record of the Year.

References

2007 establishments in the United States
Folk music groups
Grammy Award winners
Wilko Johnson

Wilko Johnson (born John Peter Wilkinson; 12 July 1947) is an English singer, guitarist and songwriter. He is best known for his time with the pub rock band Dr. Feelgood. He is said to be one of the founding influences of the English punk movement.

Johnson was featured in the first and second seasons of the HBO series Game of Thrones. He played a mute executioner named Ilyn Payne.

In January 2013, he was diagnosed with metastatic pancreatic cancer. He chose not to receive any chemotherapy. He said in an interview with John Wilson on the BBC Radio 4 programme Front Row that the doctors told him he only had nine or ten months to live. He also said during the interview that he was going to do a "farewell tour" of the UK set for March. When he finished his tour, he announced that he was going to spend his final days recording a farewell album with Roger Daltrey, lead singer of The Who.

In October 2014, Johnson announced he was cancer free.

References

Other websites
 
 

1947 births
Living people
Cancer survivors
English rock guitarists
English singer-songwriters
Musicians from Essex
Lolita fashion

Lolita fashion is a fashion subculture that started in Japan. It is based on Victorian era clothing. 

There are many types of lolita fashion. These include Gothic lolita, sweet lolita, and classic lolita. Lolita fashion brands include Baby, The Stars Shine Bright, Moi-même-Moitié, Angelic Pretty, and Manifesteange Metamorphose temps de fille. Gothic lolita began in the late 1990s in Harajuku. The visual kei musician Mana dresses in the gothic lolita style. He helped make the style popular. Some people outside of Japan wear lolita fashion. The 2002 novel Kamikaze Girls has a sweet lolita character called Momoko. 

Fashion
Palmyra, Pennsylvania

Palmyra is a borough of Lebanon County, in Pennsylvania, in the United States. It is near Harrisburg in the southeastern part of Pennsylvania. In 2000, the population of Palmyra was almost 7,100.

Palmyra was settled during 1717. Its local council was formed in 1913.

Boroughs in Pennsylvania
1717 establishments
1710s establishments in the Thirteen Colonies
18th-century establishments in Pennsylvania
Tea gown

Tea gowns are woman's at-home dresses for informal events. They became popular in mid-to-late 1800s. The earliest tea gowns were European developments influenced by Asian clothing and historical approach from 18th century.

Tea gowns usually have long sleeves.

Dresses
Polonaise (clothing)

A polonaise is a type of gown that has a bodice and an attached skirt. They started in the late 18th century. Polonaises have a cutaway, drapes and an overskirt, worn over a petticoat.

Dresses
Pantalettes

Pantalettes are female undergarments that cover the legs. They used to be worn by boys before they were old enough to wear trousers.

Pantalettes started in the 19th century in France.

Underwear
Basque (clothing)

A basque is a type of jackets, bodice or long corset worn by women. In Victorian fashion, basque means a closely fitted bodice or jacket extending past the waistline over the hips.

From 20th century or later, basque also refers to certain lingerie articles.

Underwear
Victorian fashion

Victorian fashion refers to the various fashions and trends of Europe during the Victorian Era, which lasted from 1837 to 1901, and is named after the reigning queen of England at the time, Queen Victoria. The period saw many changes in fashion, including changes in clothing, architecture, literature, and visual arts.

During this period, fashion changed a lot. In the 1800s, you had small silhouettes and pastel colors. In the 1830s, there was very exaggerated fashion. The 1860s are also famous for this along with the 1870s, the 1880s, and the 1890s. But during the early part of the 20th century, fashion was toned down in the sense of exaggeration and playfulness. 

The main woman who inspired was the Queen of England and Empress of India, Victoria. She was at the peak of royalty and ruled for many years, therefore influencing many trends during the century. 

By 1907, clothing was increasingly factory-made and often sold in large, fixed price department stores. Custom sewing and home sewing were still significant, but on the decline. New machinery and materials developed clothing in many ways.

The introduction of the lock-stitch sewing machine in mid-century simplified home and boutique dressmaking. It made it easy to add trimmings which would be costly if done by hand. Lace machinery made lace at a fraction of the cost of the old hand-made lace. Inventors developed new, cheap, bright dyes like mauveine which replaced the old animal or vegetable dyes.

Fashion
Eodromaeus

Eodromaeus (meaning "dawn runner") is an extinct genus of basal theropod dinosaur from the Upper Triassic of Argentina. An almost complete articulated skeleton (the bones were still mostly connected) was found in 1996.

Eodromaeus has been cited by Paul Sereno as "close to the root of the dinosaurs". It is the earliest known definite theropod.

Description
Eodromaeus was a relatively small dinosaur, with a total length of about  from nose to tail, and a weight of about . The trunk was long and slender. It is unknown how fast Eodromaeus could run: about  has been suggested. The animal was, like all early dinosaurs, bipedal. The forelimbs were much shorter than the hindlimbs, ending in hands with five digits. Digits IV and V were very reduced in size.

References 

Theropods
Gothic fashion

Gothic fashion (also goth fashion) is very dark, exotic or complex clothing worn in goth subculture. Both female and male goths use dark eyeliner or nail polish.

Fashion
Pope Clement II

Pope Clement II was the leader of the Catholic Church from 25 December 1046 until he died in 1047. 

He was born with the name Suidger von Morsleben in Hornburg, Lower Saxony, Germany. His parents were Count Konrad of Morsleben and Hornburg and his wife Amulrad. His date of birth is unknown.

In the year 1040, von Morsleben became the Bishop of Bamberg. In 1046 he went with King Henry III to Italy and in December, he took part in the Council of Sutri. This took Popes Benedict IX and Sylvester III out of power, and also convinced Pope Gregory VI to resign. King Henry nominated (suggested) Suidger to be the new pope and the council elected him. Suidger took the name Clement II. Shortly after he was elected, Pope Clement and Henry moved to Rome. There, Clement crowned Henry III as Holy Roman Emperor. 

Clement II's short pontificate (time as pope) began an improvement in the way the Roman Church worked, especially by making laws against simony. Simony is when people would pay to have sacraments given to them. 

The reform party criticized Clement's election because there was royal involvement and because the pope was already bishop of another place. 

Clement and the Emperor went on a journey through southern Italy to celebrate his election. Benevento was placed under an interdict (they were prevented from taking part in some Church rites) because they wouldn't allow Pope Clement to enter. Afterwards they went to Germany, where Clement made Wiborada a saint. Wiborada was a martyr who was killed praying for the people of her city.

On Henry III and Pope Clement's way back to Rome in October 1047, Pope Clement suddenly died. His body was taken to Bamberg, a place he had loved, and was buried near the Bamberg Cathedral. 

Scientists studied Clement's body in the mid-20th century. They confirmed that the pope had been poisoned with lead sugar. They do not know whether he was poisoned or whether he was using the chemical as medicine.

References

Year of birth unknown
1047 deaths
German popes
People from Lower Saxony
Division of Page

The Division of Page is an Australian electoral division in the state of New South Wales. It is in the far north-east of the state, next the border with Queensland and the Tasman Sea. It is named after the Right Honourable Sir Earle Page, the first leader of the Country Party of Australia and the caretaker Prime Minister of Australia after the death of Joseph Lyons in 1939. It was set up in 1984.

The division includes the towns of Ballina, Lismore, Casino, Grafton, Tyringham, Bonalbo, Nimbin and Iluka.

Members

Ian Causley had been in the New South Wales Legislative Assembly as the member for Clarence. He resigned in 1996 to stand for the Division of Page, and defeated Harry Woods. Woods then stood for Causely's vacant state seat of Clarence which he won. Causley  was the Deputy Speaker of the Australian House of Representatives

Election results
 2004 election results
 2007 election results
 2010 election results
 2013 election results

References

other websites
Division of Page - Australian Electoral Commission

Electoral divisions of Australia
New South Wales
1984 establishments in Australia
Division of Parkes

The Division of Parkes is an Australian electoral division in the state of New South Wales. It is the largest electorate in the state. It is located in the far north of the state, next to the border with Queensland. It is named after Sir Henry Parkes, seventh Premier of New South Wales and sometimes known as the 'Father of Federation'. It was set up in 1984.

It includes the towns of Dubbo. It also includes the towns of Mudgee, Dunedoo, Gunnedah, Coonabarabran, Coonamble, Walgett, Narrabri, Moree, Warren, Nyngan, Cobar and Bourke. The division does not include the town of Parkes.

This is the second Division of Parkes. The first Division of Parkes (1901-69) was in suburban Sydney.

Members

Michael Cobb was found guilty of fraud in 1998. He claimed money for staying in hotels, but he was actually seeping in his car. John Cobb was Minister for Citizenship and Multicultural Affairs and later Community Services in the Howard government. In the 2007 election Cobb moved to the Division of Calare.

Since the 2013 election, Parkes is the safest seat in Australia. It would need more votes than any other seat to change to another political party.

Election results
 2004 election results
 2007 election results
 2010 election results
 2013 election results

References

Other websites
 Division of Parkes - Australian Electoral Commission

Electoral divisions of Australia
New South Wales
1984 establishments in Australia
Juanita Moore

Juanita Moore (October 19, 1914 - January 1, 2014) was an American movie and television actress. She was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her role in Imitation of Life. She was the fifth African-American actor to be nominated for an Academy Award and the third in that category.

Moore died on January 1, 2014 from natural causes at her home in Los Angeles. She was aged 99.

References

Other websites

1914 births
2014 deaths
Actors from Mississippi
African American actors
American movie actors
American stage actors
American television actors
Deaths from natural causes
James Avery

James La Rue Avery, Sr. (November 27, 1945 – December 31, 2013) was an American actor. He was born in Virginia and raised in Atlantic City, New Jersey. He was best known for his role on the television show The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air. He played father and lawyer Philip Banks, Will Smith's character's uncle.

Avery died from problems after open-heart surgery in a hospital in Los Angeles. He was aged 68.

References

Other websites
 
 
 The HistoryMakers  Biography, photos and video clips

1945 births
2013 deaths
Actors from New Jersey
Actors from Virginia
African American actors
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
Deaths from surgical complications
The Linguini Incident

The Linguini Incident is a comedy movie. It was released in May 1991. Marlee Matlin and David Bowie are in this movie.

1990s comedy movies
1991 movies
Albert Newsam

Albert Newsam (May 20, 1809 – November 20, 1864) was an American artist. He was a painter and made lithographs of people and places.

Early life

Albert Newsam was born in the city of Steubenville in the state of Ohio in the United States. He was born deaf and mute. He was also an orphan. Newsam was making art when he was a little boy. When he was still a little boy, he met a man named William P. Davis. Davis acted like he was also deaf and mute, but he wasn't. He took Newsam to the city of Philadelphia in Pennsylvania and forced Newsam to make art and Davis would sell it and make money off of it. In 1820, Newsam was saved from being with Davis and went to school at the Pennsylvania School for the Deaf.

Job as an artist

In the year 1827, Newsam started to make art as an apprentice to a printmaker named Cephas G. Childs. Newsam had a lot of artists who taught him when he worked for Childs. One of the artists was George Catlin. Newsam started making art all the time as an artist in 1829. His pictures were published and sold for money. Childs retired and another man named Peter S. Duvall became owner of the company. Newsam worked for him and became the main artist at the company.

Newsam painted and drew pictures of politicians, preachers, and rich people. He also made pictures of landscapes, medical illustrations, and sheet music.

Later life and death

Newsam started to lose his eyesight in the year 1857. In 1859, he had a stroke, which made him stop making art. He had to move to a place called the Living Home for the Sick and Well in the state of Delaware. Since he could not sell art anymore, his friends paid for him to move to the home. He died there in the year 1864.

Legacy

His artwork is owned by the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts and The Library Company of Philadelphia.

Books about Albert Newsam
 
 Pyatt, Joseph O. Memoir of Albert Newsam. Philadelphia: Self-published (1868).
 Stauffer, DMN. Lithographic Portraits of Albert Newsam. Philadelphia: Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography (1901).

References

1809 births
1864 deaths
American painters
American printmakers
People from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
People from Steubenville, Ohio
Steubenville, Ohio

Steubenville is a city in Jefferson County in the state of Ohio in the United States. The city is next to the Ohio River. 18,659 people lived there in the year 2010.

A fort used to be located where the city is. The fort was called Fort Steuben. It was there in 1786. The fort was named after Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben.

Steubenville has a nickname. It is the "City of Murals". There are over 25 different murals around the city. Franciscan University of Steubenville and Eastern Gateway Community College are located in the city.

Famous people from Steubenville

Dean Martin (1917-1995) - singer and actor
Albert Newsam (1809-1864) - artist
Edwin M. Stanton (1814-1869) - United States Attorney General
Traci Lords (born 1968) - actress
Richard Timberlake (1922-2020) - economist
Big Bully Busick (1954-2018) - professional wrestler

References

Cities in Ohio
County seats in Ohio
Pennsylvania School for the Deaf

The Pennsylvania School for the Deaf is a school for deaf people. It is in the city of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in the United States. It is the third oldest deaf school in the United States. It was built in 1890 and is on the list of the National Register of Historic Places. It used to be called the Pennsylvania Institute for the Deaf and Dumb.

Famous students
Albert Newsam, artist

References

Other websites

Schools in Pennsylvania
Buildings and structures in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
National Register of Historic Places
Historic districts in the United States
1890 establishments in the United States
1890s establishments in Pennsylvania
George Catlin

George Catlin (July 26, 1796 – December 23, 1872) was an American painter and author. He traveled a lot, and painted a lot of pictures of Native American people in the Western United States. He was born in Wilkes-Barre in the state of Pennsylvania. He died in the city of Jersey City in the state of New Jersey.

1796 births
1872 deaths
American painters
People from Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania
People from Jersey City, New Jersey
Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts

The Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts is a museum and art school in the city of Philadelphia in the state of Pennsylvania in the United States. It was started in 1805. It is the oldest art museum and art school in the United States.

Famous students
 Katherine Milhous, American illustrator and author

References

Other websites
 

Schools in Pennsylvania
Buildings and structures in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
National Register of Historic Places
Art museums in the United States
1805 establishments in the United States
1800s establishments in Pennsylvania
Katherine Milhous

Katherine Milhous (November 27, 1894 – December 5, 1977) was an American artist, illustrator and author. She wrote and made the art for the book The Egg Tree. In 1951, the book won the Caldecott Medal for best illustrations. Milhous mainly wrote children's books.

Early life

Katherine Milhous was born November 27, 1894 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Her parents were named Osborn and Katherine Daly Milhous. They were Quakers and printmakers. The family moved to Pitman, New Jersey when Milhous was a little girl. A lot of Quakers lived in Pitman so the family wanted to move to be close to them. Milhous moved back to Philadelphia. She went to school at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts and the Pennsylvania Museum of Industrial Art. She made art for magazines to pay for school. She also traveled outside of the United States with a fellowship she was given.

Career

Milhous worked for the Federal Art Project in Philadelphia from the year 1935 until she stopped in 1940. She made a lot of posters to advertise the state of Pennsylvania. A lot of the art showed people and things from the Pennsylvania Dutch community. Milhous met Alice Dalgliesh and the two women would write books together. Milhous would make the art for the books. Milhous went to work for Charles Scribner's & Sons where Dalgliesh worked. Milhous started to write and make art for her own books, too.

Death and legacy

She died in Philadelphia in the year 1977. The University of Minnesota and the Free Library of Philadelphia own her archives.

References

Other websites

 
 Rural Pennsylvania from the World Digital Library

1894 births
1977 deaths
American artists
Writers from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Children's writers
Quakers
American illustrators
Argentavis magnificens

Argentavis magnificens is one of the two largest flying birds ever discovered. This bird, sometimes called the Giant Teratorn, is an extinct species known from three sites from the late Miocene of central and northwestern Argentina or Alaska, where a good sample of fossils have been obtained.

Currently accepted estimates:
 Wingspan:  approximately 8 m (23 ft)
 Wing area: 8.11 m² (87.3 ft²)
 Wing loading: 84.6 N/m²
 Body Length: 1.26 m (4.1 ft)
 Height: 1.7–2 m (5.6–6.6 ft)
 Mass: 70–72 kg (154–171.6 lb)

References 

Birds
Fossils
Curtis Axel

Joseph Curtis "Joe" Hennig (born October 1, 1979) is an American professional wrestler. He is better known by his ring name Curtis Axel and previous ring name Michael McGillicutty. He currently works for the WWE. He is a former Intercontinental Champion and former WWE Tag Team Champion with David Otunga. He was also a member of The New Nexus  which was led by CM Punk.

Axel was born in Champlin, Minnesota. His father was "Mr. Perfect" Curt Hennig and his grandfather is Larry "The Axe" Hennig. He chose his ring name Curtis Axel as a tribute to them.

Championships
Florida Championship Wrestling
FCW Florida Heavyweight Championship (one time)
FCW Florida Tag Team Championship (three times) (with Heath Miller (one), Brett DiBiase (one) and Kaval (one))
Pro Wrestling Illustrated
PWI Rookie of the Year (2008)
PWI Feud of the Year (2010) (The Nexus vs. WWE)
PWI Most Hated Wrestler of the Year (2010) (as part of The Nexus)
He was ranked #47 of the top 500 singles wrestlers in the PWI 500 in 2013.
World Wrestling Entertainment/WWE
WWE Intercontinental Championship (one time)
WWE Tag Team Championship (one time) (with David Otunga)
Slammy Award for Shocker of the Year (2010) (The debut of The Nexus)

References

Other websites

1979 births
Living people
American professional wrestlers
Sportspeople from Minnesota
WWE wrestlers
Insider trading

Insider trading means the trading of public companies' stocks and other assets on stock markets using secret information.  This is done by getting people who have confidential or non-public facts about how much a stock is really worth to tell traders so they can buy or sell to make profit and manipulate that particular  

stock. A stock could be worth more or less than the public knows, depending on how well a company is doing in making money, new innovations, sales and demand. 

In many countries, insider trading with secret information is against the law.

Some economists think insider trading should be allowed.

References

Organized crime
Law
Arlene Francis

Arlene Francis (or Arline Francis Kazanjian; October 20, 1907 – May 31, 2001) was an American actress and radio talk show host. She hosted What's My Line? from 1950 to 1975. She was also a stage performer.

Francis was born in New York City. She died from Alzheimer's disease.

References

Deaths from Alzheimer's disease
Deaths from cancer
American television actors
American stage actors
Actors from New York City
1907 births
2001 deaths
Frances Bean Cobain

Frances Bean Cobain (born August 18, 1992) is an American visual artist and former model. She was born in Los Angeles. She is the only child of Kurt Cobain and Courtney Love.

References

American artists
Models from Los Angeles
1992 births
Living people
Isaac Vorsah

Isaac Vorsah (born 21 June 1988) is a Ghanaian football player. He plays for FC Red Bull Salzburg in the Austrian Bundesliga.

Career
He began his career at Oscar FC in Kpando, Ghana and FC Maamobi. He transferred to Gamba All Blacks F.C. in 2005. In January 2007 Asante Kotoko bought Vorsah. The German team TSG 1899 Hoffenheim offered him a trial. After the trial he was loaned until 30 June 2008. On 1 April 2008 TSG 1899 Hoffenheim bought him and he signed until 30 June 2011. For Hoffenheim he played 106 times and shot 4 goals. He moved to Red Bull Salzburg in August 2012. After he came back from the Africa Cup 2013 he was injured badly and missed the 2013/14 season.

International
Vorsah played his first match for Ghana in 2007 against Senegal. For Ghana he played the Africa Cup 2010 and 2013. He was also part of the team for the FIFA World Championship 2010. In total he played 16 matches for Ghana.

References

Other websites

1988 births
Living people
People from Accra
FC Red Bull Salzburg players
Ghanaian footballers
Leopard danio

The leopard danio (Brachydanio rerio or Brachydanio frankei) is a species of freshwater fish. They are native to India.

In the aquarium
The leopard danio is an active fish that likes to live in shoals (groups). They are peaceful fish. They are often kept in community fish tanks. They grow to about 40-50 mm. They like to live in a water temperature of about 18–25°C.

Diet
Leopard danios are omnivores. In the wild, they mostly eat invertebrates. In tanks, they can eat bloodworms, brine shrimp and flake foods.

References

Other websites
http://www.aquaticcommunity.com/fish/leoparddanio.php
http://www.aquaticstoyourdoor.co.uk/Leopard-Danio.html 

Teleosts
Freshwater fish
Aquarium fish
Elizabeth Jane Howard

Elizabeth Jane Howard, Lady Amis, CBE, FRSL (26 March 1923 – 2 January 2014) was an English novelist. Before being a writer, Howard was an actress and a model.

Howard died at the age of 90, at her home in Bungay, Suffolk.

Personal life 
She married Sir Peter Scott in 1942. They had a daughter, Nicola (born 1943). Howard left Scott in 1946 and they divorced in 1951. 

Her second marriage to Jim Douglas-Henry in 1958 was brief. Her third marriage to novelist Sir Kingsley Amis lasted from 1965 until their divorce in 1983. Her stepson, Martin Amis, has said that she encouraged him to become a more serious reader and writer.

References

Other websites 

1923 births
2014 deaths
Deaths from natural causes
English novelists
Writers from London
Malin Åkerman

Malin Maria Åkerman (born 12 May 1978) is a Swedish-Canadian actress. She acted in 27 Dresses in 2008 and in Watchmen in 2009. She also does singing and modeling. She played Kate Harrison in the ABC comedy Trophy Wife.

She will appear as Claire Wyden in the 2018 science fiction movie Rampage.

Åkerman was born in Stockholm. She moved to Canada at age two and was raised partly in Sweden and partly in Ontario.

References

Actors from Ontario
Canadian models
Canadian movie actors
Canadian television actors
Actors from Stockholm
Swedish voice actors
Swedish models
Swedish movie actors
Swedish television actors
1978 births
Living people
Joost van der Westhuizen

Joost van der Westhuizen (20 February 1971 – 6 February 2017) was a South African former rugby union player. He played as a scrum-half for the national team. He played in the 1995 and 1999 Rugby World Cups. 

On 12 May 2011, van der Westhuizen's publicist announced that he had a muscle-related neural disease. It was believed to be a form of motor neurone disease. Doctors at the Cleveland Clinic in the United States have since confirmed that he had motor neurone disease. They believed he had only a 20% chance of living for two to five years.

On 6 February 2017, van der Westhuizen died at a hospital in Johannesburg, South Africa from complications of motor neurone disease, aged 45.

References

Other websites

 J9 Foundation

1971 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from motor neurone disease
Disease-related deaths in South Africa
Pretoria
South African rugby union players
Seal of Missouri

The Great Seal of the State of Missouri is an emblem that represents the U.S. state of Missouri. It was officially adopted on January 11, 1822. The center of the seal has two bears with the motto: "United we stand, divided we fall". The outer circle has the words "The Great Seal of the State of Missouri".

The year 1820 is shown in Roman numerals. Missouri, however, did not become a state until August 1821.

Missouri
Missouri
1822 establishments in the United States
1820s establishments in Missouri
Seal of Iowa

The Great Seal of the State of Iowa is an emblem that represents the U.S. state of Iowa. It was created in 1847, one year after Iowa became a state. The seal shows a soldier over fields of wheat surrounded by symbols important to Iowa's history. They include transportation, farms and mining.

The seal has the words "The Great Seal of the State of Iowa" around the outside.

Iowa
Iowa
1847 establishments in Iowa
Seal of Louisiana

The Great Seal of the State of Louisiana is an emblem that represents the U.S. state of Louisiana. It was adopted in 1902.

It has four pelicans (one adult, the other three are little). Mother Pelican wounds her breast to feed her young. "Union, justice, confidence" are the words of the motto surrounding these four pelicans.

The wording "State of Louisiana" is on the outer edge of the seal.

Louisiana
Louisiana
1902 establishments in the United States
20th-century establishments in Louisiana
Seal of Arkansas

The state seal of Arkansas was adopted in 1864. It was changed to its present style on May 23, 1907. The inner seal contains an Angel of Mercy, Sword of Justice and Goddess of Liberty around a bald eagle.

The outer ring has the words "Great Seal of the State of Arkansas".

Arkansas
Arkansas
1864 establishments in the United States
1860s establishments in Arkansas
Luhman 16

Luhman 16 is a binary brown dwarf in the southern constellation Vela at 6.6 light-years from the Sun. It is also known as WISE 1049-5319.

These are the nearest known brown dwarfs to the Solar System, and the closest system discovered since Barnard's Star in 1916. 

The primary has a stellar classification of L8 ± 1, and the secondary is probably near the L/T transition. The pair orbit each other at a distance of about 3 AU with an orbital period of about 25 years.

References 

Binary stars
Springhill, Louisiana

Springhill is a city in the north of Louisiana. It is next to the border with Arkansas. The city was originally called "Barefoot".

Its local government was set up in 1902.

1902 establishments in the United States
Ark-La-Tex
Cities in Louisiana
Settlements in Webster Parish, Louisiana
Yolanda Denise King

Yolanda Denise King (November 17, 1955 – May 15, 2007) was the first daughter of Martin Luther King, Jr.. She was also the sister of Martin Luther King III, Dexter Scott King and Bernice Albertine King.

Yolanda's father was killed when she was only 12 years old. On April 4, 1968, the day that he was killed, her mother got a phone call from Jesse Jackson. Yolanda was the only one of her four brothers and sisters to realize that their father had been killed. She went to his funeral and tried to act like her mother after that. She graduated from her high school when she was 16 years old.

She got bullied when she went to Smith College because she was her father's daughter, and did not know how to deal with the issue. She got over the bullying by reading his books and started thinking he was correct on his views when he was alive. After finishing her first year at the college, she went back home and at that point her grandmother Alberta Williams King was shot and killed.

She died on May 15, 2007 after talking to her brother Dexter and falling in his home due to a heart disease.

References

1955 births
Cardiovascular disease deaths in the United States
2007 deaths
African-American people
People from Montgomery, Alabama
The Giver (movie)

The Giver is a science fiction movie that will be released August 2014. It is about the sacrifices of humanity. This movie was based on the book of the same name.

2010s action movies
2010s drama movies
2014 movies
Dystopian movies
Viva Bianca

Viva Bianca (or Viva Skubiszewski; 17 November 1983) is an Australian actress. She stars on the television show Spartacus. She was also on other shows.

Her maiden name is pronounced scooby-shev-ski. She is from Victoria.

References

1983 births
Living people
Australian television actors
Australian movie actors
Actors from Victoria (Australia)
Serena

Serena is a drama movie that will be released in April 2014. The story is about a wife that cannot have children. Jennifer Lawrence plays Serena, Bradley Cooper plays her husband George. The movie is based on the novel Serena (2008) by Ron Rash.

References 

2014 drama movies
American drama movies
French drama movies
Dirk Sager

Dirk Sager (August 13, 1940 – January 2, 2014) was a German journalist. He was a member of P.E.N.. He worked for German broadcaster ZDF from 1968.

Sager was born in Hamburg. He studied at Free University Berlin.

He died in Potsdam from a stroke. He was aged 73.

Awards
 1997: Deutscher Kritikerpreis (together with Friedhelm Brebeck and Friedrich Schreiber)
 2002: Hanns-Joachim-Friedrichs-Award

References

Other websites
 
 Dirk Sager - ZDF trauert um Reporter Dirk Sager  

1940 births
2014 deaths
Deaths from stroke
German journalists
People from Hamburg
Herman Pieter de Boer

Herman Pieter de Boer (9 February 1928 – 1 January 2014), also known as Johnny Austerlitz, was a Dutch writer, journalist and lyricist. He began his career during the late 1950s, and continued for more than 55 years. During this time, he wrote over 65 novels.

De Boer was born in Rotterdam, South Holland. He was married twice during his life. He also had a long relationship with Dutch singer-songwriter Lenny Kuhr from 1981 to 1993.

He died at the age of 85 after a long illness, in Eindhoven, North Brabant.

References

Other websites

1928 births
2014 deaths
Disease-related deaths in the Netherlands
Dutch journalists
Lyricists
Writers from Rotterdam
Lee Daniels

Lee Louis Daniels (born December 24, 1959) is an American actor, movie producer and director.  He produced Monster's Ball and directed the movie Precious: Based on the Novel "Push" by Sapphire. 

He has received six Academy Award nominations, including Best Director for Precious. The movie won two of the awards.

In 2013, Daniels directed The Butler, a historical drama about the White House and its presidents during the 20th century. The movie had an ensemble cast. It received positive reviews and became a box office success.

Daniels lives in New York City. He is openly gay and adopted his biological niece and nephew.

References

Other websites

 Lee Daniels Entertainment website
 
 NPR interview
 Blackfilm.com interview
 IndependentFilm.com interview
 Gay Life biography  

1959 births
Living people
Actors from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
American movie actors
American television producers
Gay men
LGBT actors
LGBT African Americans
LGBT people from Pennsylvania
LGBT producers
LGBT writers
Movie directors from Pennsylvania
Movie producers from Pennsylvania
Eugene Allen

Eugene Allen (July 14, 1919 – March 31, 2010) was an American waiter and butler. He worked for the White House for 34 years until he retired in 1986. He served eight presidents of the United States. He began working at the White House in 1952. Allen's life was the inspiration for the movie The Butler, released in 2013.

Allen earned the highest rank of butlers serving in the White House. At the Maître d'hôtel in 1981, President Ronald Reagan invited Allen and his wife Helene to a state dinner at the White House. The dinner was in honor of Helmut Kohl.

Allen was born in Scottsville, Virginia on July 14, 1919. He received no formal schooling. He began working as a waiter at a pool club. Allen met his wife Helene in 1942. They had a son, Charles Allen. Helene wanted to vote for Barack Obama in 2008, but she died the day before the election, on November 3, 2008. 

Allen died at a hospital in Takoma Park, Maryland, from kidney failure. He was aged 90.

References

Other websites
The Independent: Eugene Allen: White House butler who worked for eight US presidents

1919 births
2010 deaths
Deaths from renal failure
African-American people
People from Alexandria, Virginia
People from Takoma Park, Maryland
P. D. James

Phyllis Dorothy James, Baroness James of Holland Park, OBE, FRSA, FRSL (3 August 1920 – 27 November 2014) was an English writer of crime fiction. She was commonly known as P. D. James, which was the name her books are published under. She was most famous for a series of detective novels starring policeman and poet Adam Dalgliesh.

James was a life peer in the House of Lords. James died peacefully at her home in Oxford on 27 November 2014, aged 94.

References

Other websites

The British Council's Contemporary Writers. Accessed 2010-09-15
Faber and Faber (U.K.), publisher. Accessed 2010-09-15
Random House (U.S.), publisher. Accessed 2010-09-15
Penguin Books (U.K.), publisher . Accessed 2010-09-15

1920 births
2014 deaths
English novelists
Members of the House of Lords
People from Oxford
Writers from Oxfordshire
Bob Keeshan

Robert James "Bob" Keeshan (June 27, 1927 – January 23, 2004) was an American television producer and actor. He is known for his role as the title character of the children's television program Captain Kangaroo. It became an icon for millions of people during its 30-year run from 1955 to 1984.

Keeshan also played the original "Clarabell the Clown" on the Howdy Doody television program.

Keeshan died in Windsor, Vermont from a heart attack. He was aged 76.

References

Other websites

Biography of Bob Keeshan
 

1927 births
2004 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
American television presenters
American television personalities
American entertainers
American television actors
Actors from New York
John Spencer (actor)

John Spencer (December 20, 1946 – December 16, 2005) was an American actor. He was best known for playing White House Chief of Staff Leo McGarry on the successful television series The West Wing. He won an Emmy Award for this role in 2002.

Spencer died of a heart attack in a hospital in Los Angeles. He was aged 58.

References

Other websites

October 16, 2004 Interview with John Spencer , Tavis Smiley Show

1946 births
2005 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
Actors from New York City
Actors from New Jersey
Emmy Award winning actors
Barnard Hughes

Bernard Aloysius Kiernan "Barnard" Hughes (July 16, 1915 – July 11, 2006) was an American movie, television, and stage actor. Hughes became famous for having many random roles. He was known for being cast as a grandfather or elderly figure on television.

Hughes died in New York City, from natural causes. He was aged 90.

References

Other websites

 
 
 

Emmy Award winning actors
Tony Award winning actors
Drama Desk Award winners
1915 births
2006 deaths
Deaths from natural causes
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
Actors from New York
Mackenzie Foy

Mackenzie Christine Foy (born November 10, 2000) is an American model and actress. She is best known for her role as Renesmee Cullen, the daughter of Bella Swan and Edward Cullen, in The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn – Part 2. Her role as Renesmee earned her a Young Artist Award for Best Supporting Young Actress in a Feature Film.

Mackenzie Foy was born in Los Angeles.

References

Other websites

 

2000 births
Living people
American child actors
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
Models from Los Angeles
Actors from Los Angeles
Jake T. Austin

Jake T. Austin (born Jake Austin Szymanski; December 3, 1994) is an American movie, television and voice actor. He is known for his roles as Max Russo on Wizards of Waverly Place and as Diego on Go, Diego, Go!. He also appeared in Hotel for Dogs and Rio.   

Austin was born Jake Austin Szymanski in New York City. He is of Puerto Rican, Argentine, Spanish, Polish, Irish, and English descent.

References

Other websites

 
 
 
 

1994 births
Living people
American child actors
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
Actors from New York City
Communist Party of India

The Communist Party of India, abbreviated as CPI, is a political party in India. It was founded in the British era in 1925 at Kanpur. The Communist Party of India has officially stated that it was formed on 26 December 1925 at the first Party Conference in Kanpur, then Cawnpore. S.V.Ghate was the first General Secretary of CPI. D. Raja is the current General Secretary of CPI.

Political parties in India
Communist parties in Asia
20th-century establishments in India
Tomáš Plekanec

Tomáš Plekanec (born October 31, 1982) is a Czech professional ice hockey centre. He currently plays for the Montreal Canadiens of the National Hockey League (NHL). He also played for HC Kladno of the Czech Extraliga and Toronto Maple Leafs (NHL).

Plekanec was born in Kladno, Czechoslovakia.

Career
Before playing the NHL, Plekanec played two seasons with HC Kladno of the Czech Extraliga. He was drafted by the Montreal Canadiens with the 71st overall pick in the 2001 NHL Entry Draft. He played two seasons with their affiliate in the American Hockey League (AHL), Hamilton Bulldogs. He played two games and then stayed in Hamilton for a third AHL season because of the 2004–05 NHL lockout. Since the 2005-06 NHL season, he has been part of the Canadiens.

On June 22, 2010, he signed a contract to play with the Canadiens for six years. He will be paid CA$30 million. During the 2012–13 NHL lockout, he played for his former team HC Kladno.

References

Other websites

1982 births
American Hockey League players
Czech ice hockey players
Living people
Montreal Canadiens players
Toronto Maple Leafs players
Ice hockey centres
Ray Frederick

Roman Raymond Frederick (July 31, 1929 - August 23, 2001) was a Canadian professional ice hockey goaltender. Frederick played a total of 5 games in the NHL with the Chicago Black Hawks during the 1954-55 NHL season.

Career
He started his ice hockey career with the Fort Frances Canadians of the Northern Hockey League. He then played 2 seasons in the Manitoba Junior Hockey League where he played for the Brandon Wheat Kings. After his time with the Wheat Kings was done, he moved on to play in the Western Canada Senior Hockey League with the Edmonton Flyers for 2 seasons.

He then played 1 season with the Chicoutimi Sagueneens of the Quebec Senior Hockey League, 1 season with the Charlottetown Islanders of the Maritime Major Hockey League and 3 seasons with the Ottawa Senators of the Quebec Senior Hockey League. He played a seasons in the American Hockey League with the Buffalo Bisons and 5 games with the Chicago Blackhawks of the National Hockey League. He retired from professional ice hockey in 1958.

Other websites

1929 births
2001 deaths
American Hockey League players
Brandon Wheat Kings players
Canadian ice hockey goaltenders
Chicago Blackhawks players
Ice hockey people from Ontario
North Indian Plain

The Gangetic Plains is the large space of level land that is made by the Ganges River in the northern parts of India and the border surrounding areas of the Himalayas. It is an important part of the countries of India, Nepal, and Bangladesh. Its space of about  is the home of about 1 billion persons (about one in every seven persons alive today).

Its western edge is the Thar Desert; its northern edge is the Himalaya Mountains, the highest mountains on Earth; its eastern edge is the Ganges Delta of Bangladesh, the largest River delta in the world; and its southern edge is made by the Vindhya Mountains and Satpura Range and Chota Nagpur Plateau of middle India.

Geography of India
Geography of Nepal
Geography of Bangladesh
Plains
Road safety

Road safety is safety in using roads. Most years, traffic collisions kill about a million people worldwide. There are ways to make this less common, so roads will be safer for motor traffic, cyclists and pedestrians. It involves rules such as speed limits and those about drinking and driving, and control systems such as traffic lights and crossings. These are used to increase safety and reduce the chance of accidents.

Other websites
Important Road Safety Rules/Tips
 

Road transport
Safety
Tata Steel

Tata Steel Limited (formerly Tata Iron and Steel Company Limited or TISCO) is an Indian multinational steel-making company. Their headquarters are in Mumbai. Tata is a subsidiary of the Tata Group. It was the 12th-largest steel-making company in the world in 2012. It can make about 23.8 million tonnes of crude steel each year. They are the largest private sector steel company in India measured by domestic production.

References 

Companies of India
Prince du sang

A prince du sang (prince of the blood) was a member of the extended French Royal Family. This meant that all people except females that were princes of the blood would be entitled to inherit the throne only if every male member of the immediate royal family had died. The main princes of the blood were known as the Prince of Conti and the Prince of Condé as well as the more significant Duke of Orléans. The prince of the blood was entitled to be styled Serene Highness () but it was used in writing only. A majority of the princes of the blood had their own apartments at the Palace of Versailles as well as their own townhouses in Paris

Famous princes of the blood
Louis Philippe I. One time Duke of Orléans and late King of the French.
Philippe Égalité.
Le Grand Condé. Famous military man during the reign of Louis XIV.
Le Grand Conti. Famous military man during the reign of Louis XIV.
Louis Henri, Duke of Bourbon, Prince of Condé Prime Minister to Louis XV.

Order of precedence at court

 The King.
 The Queen.
 The Dauphin of France (title of the heir to the throne) 
 The wife of the Dauphin. (called the Dauphine.) 
 The children of the reigning monarch.
 The children of the previous monarch
 The Princes of the blood. (The Duke of Orléans followed by the Prince of Condé then the Prince of Conti. 
 The nobility. For example, Dukes (duc), then Counts (comte), other titles such as baron & Chevalier.

Related pages
Prince of Conti
Prince of Condé
Duke of Orléans
Count of Soissons
Condé
Premier Prince du Sang

Ranks in the old Kingdom of France