cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
2011 Sindh floods

The 2011 Sindh floods occurred in August and September 2011 because of a lot of rain in Sindh, Eastern Balochistan, and Southern Punjab, Pakistan. The floods caused a lot of damage. 270 people were killed, and 5.3 million people were affected. 1.2 million homes were flooded. At least 1.7 million acres of land were ruined by the flooding. It was the worst flooding in Pakistan since the 2010 floods.

Causes 
In July, Pakistan had low monsoon rains, however in August and September the country received "above normal" monsoon rains. A strong weather pattern entered the areas of Sindh from the Indian states of Rajasthan and Gujarat in August and gained strength with the passage of time and caused heavy downpours. The four-week long continuous rains have created floods in Sindh that have never been seen before.

2011 disasters in Asia
2010s floods
2010s disasters in Pakistan
August 2011 events
Floods in Pakistan
2011 floods
September events
Being (album)

Being is a mini-album by singer Ella Koon. The album was made by well known music producers Eric Kwok (Chinese) and Yanagiman (Japanese). 

Popular hits include: "Coral Island" (珊瑚島), "Incomplete Thoughts" (殘念), and "Silent Paper Kite" (響不了的紙鳶).

Track listing
1. 珊瑚島
2. 殘念
3. 響不了的紙鳶
4. 簡單美
5. 歐遊
6. Dare To Be
7. 砂之迷路 (珊瑚島 日本版)
8. 殘念 (Piano Version)

DVD Extras
1. 殘念 MV
2. 珊瑚島 MV
3. Dare To Be MV
4. Making of 殘念 MV

2010 albums
Take a Shine To...

Take a Shine To... is an album by Ella Koon, released in July 2011. It was released a year after her well-received 2010 mini-album Being. Hit songs include Ella’s first self-composed song “Reluctant to Part (依依)”, which is produced by hitmaker Chiu Tsang Hei with lyrics penned by Siu Hak. The album also contains RICOH camera CM song “A Moment of Interaction (一刻感應)” and the latest plug “Let Him Go (由他去)”.

Track listing
1. 由他去 (Let Him Go)
2. 依依 (Reluctant to Part)
3. 夜潛者 (Night Invader)
4. 一刻感應 (A Moment of Interaction - RICOH Camera 2011 CM Song)
5. 母忘你 (Unable to Forget)

2011 albums
Jungle green

Jungle green is a color that is a rich tone of medium green.

The specific tone of the color jungle green called "jungle green" by Crayola was formulated by Crayola in 1990.

The first recorded use of jungle green as a color name in English was in 1926.

Meaning of jungle green
 The colors jungle green or tropical rain forest are often used by cartographers to represent the tropical rain forest on a natural vegetation map.

 In the United States Army, jungle green is the color used for the uniforms and berets of the United States Army Special Forces or "Green Berets".  (The shade of jungle green used in the uniforms and berets of the U.S. Army Green Berets is closely equivalent to the color shown above as deep jungle green.)

Tones of jungle green color comparison chart

Related pages
List of colors

References
Rohypnol

Rohypnol is the common name for a drug or Benzodiazepine called flunitrazepam. A slang term for it is roofies. The drug is sold legally, and it has many medical uses. It is a strong hypnotic (a drug that causes sleep); a sedative (causing relaxation and sleepiness); an anticonvulsant (fighting seizures); an anxiolytic (relieving anxiety); amnestic (causing forgetfulness); and skeletal muscle relaxant.  Most often, it is used as a treatment for sleep disorders like insomnia. It is thought to be one of the most effective hypnotic medications.

Like other hypnotics, flunitrazepam should be used only on a short-term basis or in those with serious insomnia on an occasional basis.

Flunitrazepam is often called a date rape drug because it is very powerful, has strong effects, and can cause strong amnesia (causing a person to forget what happened after taking the drug).

History
Benzodiazepines were created in 1957 by Roche, a healthcare and pharmaceutical company. Roche started selling flunitrazepam (Rohypnol) in 1975. At first, hospitals used the drug when a patient needed a deep sleep.  It was sold commercially in 1975 in Europe, and in the 1990s in the United States.  The drug was given the brand name Rohypnol.

Effects
Rohypnol is usually taken by mouth.  It has a long active period  its effects can last 18 to 26 hours, and it can be found in urine and blood tests.  This means that the day after taking the drug, a person may keep feeling tired and having trouble with thinking and balance. Even after a full day, driving a car may still be dangerous. 

The drug is often involved in drug intoxication, including overdoses. Overdose of flunitrazepam may cause long-term sedation, poor balance, and poor speech. In serious overdoses, people may have breathing problems, coma, and possibly death. The overdose will be worse if flunitrazepam is taken with depressants, like alcohol or opiates. Flunitrazepam overdose can be treated with flumazebecome widely known in the USA for its use as a date rape drug. It is used by high school and college students, rave party members, and heroin and cocaine users (who call a tablet of flunitrazepam a "roofie").

Other names
Some of the street names for Rohypnol are:
beans (ZA)
 rophy
 ruffles
 roachies
 roofies
 ruffies
 ruff-up
 rib
 roach 2 (R2)
 roche
 rope
 ropies
 circles
 circes
 forget it
 forget-me-pill
 forget-me-now
 Mexican Valium.
 Magic date
 date-rape
 rumraketter

Sources 

Drugs
Drugs used in psychiatry
Sponge cake

Sponge cake is a cake made of flour (usually wheat flour), sugar, and eggs.

Victoria sponge 
The Victoria sponge cake was named after Queen Victoria, who ate a slice of sponge cake with her afternoon tea. It is usually called simply sponge cake. A traditional Victoria sponge cake has raspberry jam and whipped double cream or vanilla cream. If there is only jam, it is called 'jam sponge' and not a Victoria sponge. The jam and cream are between two sponge cakes; the top of the cake is not iced or decorated.

Other names for the Victoria sponge are Victoria Sandwich and Victorian Cake, although 'Victorian Cake' is not used often.

Bakers must be careful when it comes to cooking times and temperatures. Because of that, oven factories often use a Victoria sponge recipe to test their ovens.

Related pages
 Castella

References 

Cakes
Metabolic syndrome

Metabolic syndrome is a combination of several medical issues. They increase the risk for heart disease, stroke and type 2 diabetes. 25% of people of the United States have metabolic syndrome. 

The term "metabolic syndrome" dates back to at least the late 1950s, but came into common usage in the late 1970s to describe various associations of risk factors with diabetes mellitus that had been noted as early as the 1920s.

Associated health issues 
Related health matters include but aren't limited to:
 Raised cholesterol
 Raised blood sugar
 Insulin resistance
 Reduced HDL cholesterol
 Raised triglycerides
 Central obesity
 High blood pressure

Syndromes
Me Against the World

Me Against the World is the third studio album by American rapper, Tupac Shakur. Me Against the World was released on March 14, 1995. The album was released when 2Pac was imprisoned and it debuted at #1 on the Billboard 200. By having this happen, it made him the first artist to have an album debut at number one on Billboard 200 while serving time in prison. It was nominated for Best Rap Album at the 1996 Grammy Awards. The album's first single "Dear Mama" was nominated for Best Rap Solo Performance.

Songs

References

1995 albums
Tupac Shakur albums
Palatal consonant

A palatal consonant is a consonant that is pronounced with the body (the middle part) of the tongue against the hard palate (which is the middle part of the roof of the mouth). There is only one palatal consonant in English which is , which is the sound for "y" in the English word "yes". The most common palatal consonant used in the world is .

Palatal consonant in IPA
These are the palatal consonants in the International Phonetic Alphabet:

Consonants
Approximant consonant

An approximant consonant is a consonant that sounds in some ways like a vowel. For example, lateral approximants like the sound for "l" in the English word "like", the sound for "r" in the English word "right", and semivowels like the sound for "y" in "yes" and the sound for "w" in "wet" are all approximants. These sounds are pronounced by bringing two parts of the mouth, for example the tongue and the roof of the mouth, close to each other. However, it is not close enough to cause the air to be blocked, like in a fricative consonant. Also, the parts are not far apart enough to become a vowel.

Semivowels
Semivowels are a type of approximant consonant, which sound like vowels if you pronounced them alone. However, many languages use them as consonants. Here are the common semivowels in the International Phonetic Alphabet.

Central approximants

bilabial approximant  (usually transcribed )
labiodental approximant 
dental approximant  (usually transcribed )
alveolar approximant 
retroflex approximant  (a consonantal )
palatal approximant  (a consonantal )
velar approximant  (a consonantal )
uvular approximant  (usually transcribed )
pharyngeal approximant  (a consonantal ; usually transcribed )
epiglottal approximant  (usually transcribed )

Lateral approximants
In lateral approximants, only the centre of the tongue touches the roof of the mouth. So, air can only flow through the sides of the tongue, like the sound "l" in "like".

voiced alveolar lateral approximant 
retroflex lateral approximant 
palatal lateral approximant 
velar lateral approximant 
velarized alveolar lateral approximant

Coarticulated approximants with dedicated IPA symbols

voiced labialized velar approximant  (a consonantal )
voiceless labialized velar approximant (a consonantal )
labialized palatal approximant  (a consonantal )

Notes 

Consonants
All Eyez on Me

All Eyez on Me is the fourth studio album by American rapper, Tupac Shakur. All Eyez on Me was released on February 13, 1996. The album was certified 5× Platinum after just 2 months in April 1996 and 9× platinum in 1998. The album also featured the Billboard Hot 100 number one singles "How Do U Want It" and "California Love".

Songs

Book 1

Book 2

References

1996 albums
Tupac Shakur albums
Windows To Go

Windows To Go is a feature in Windows 8 and later that allows the entire system to run from a USB flash drive or external USB Hard Drive.

In September 2011 Microsoft officially announced Windows To Go at the Build Conference, and gave out bootable USB Flash drives. These could hold 32GB of information. They also had Windows To Go pre-installed.

Related pages 
 Live USB
 List of tools to create Live USB systems
 Live CD
 Portable applications

References

Other websites 
Running Windows from an external USB drive with Windows To Go - Official Microsoft Presentation at BUILD
Windows Developer Preview Guide (Windows To Go in page 36) 

Microsoft Windows software
Dardistan

Dardistan (Perso-Arabic: داردستان) is a name for the northern Pakistan, and Kashmir in the upper Indus valleys and parts of north-eastern Afghanistan. It is inhabited by the Dards speaking Dardic languages.

Regions of Pakistan
Geography of Afghanistan
Kashmir
Lahore Stock Exchange

Lahore Stock Exchange (Guarantee) Limited (LSE) is Pakistan's second-largest stock exchange after the Karachi Stock Exchange. It is in Lahore.

Stock exchanges in Asia
Economy of Pakistan
Lahore
Trịnh Công Sơn

Trịnh Công Sơn (February 28, 1939 – April 1, 2001) was a Vietnamese composer, musician, painter and songwriter. 

He, along with Pham Duy and Van Cao, is widely considered one of the three salient figures of modern (non-classical) Vietnamese music.

1939 births
2001 deaths
Constituent Assembly of Pakistan

The Constituent Assembly of Pakistan was Pakistan's first parliament and first met on 10 August, 1947. The next day Quaid-i-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah (1876-1948), was elected as the President of the assembly and the new national flag was approved. On 14 August, 1947, Jinnah gave a speech which outlined the important principles of the future government of an independent Pakistan. Jinnah was chosen as the first Governor-General of Pakistan. The assembly's main task was to write a new constitution for Pakistan.

This was a difficult task, however the assembly did agree on the "Objective Resolution" on 12 March, 1949. A special committee of 24 members of the Constituent Assembly worked on a constitution based on the ideas in the Objective Resolution. The Governor-General, Ghulam Muhammad, shut down the assembly on 24 October 1954, before the draft constitution could be presented. The President of the Assembly, took legal action as he believed that shutting down the assembly was illegal. He lost the case in the Federal Court.

A second Constituent Assembly of Pakistan was formed on 28 May 1955. They wrote the new constitution which came into force on 23 March 1956.

References

Government of Pakistan
Parliaments
Pakistan Movement
Piranha 3D

Piranha 3D is a 3-D movie directed by Alexandre Aja. It stars Elisabeth Shue, Steven R. McQueen, Jessica Szohr, Jerry O'Connell, Kelly Brook, Riley Steele, Gianna Michaels, Christopher Lloyd, Ving Rhames, Roberto Chavira, Dina Meyer, Sage Ryan, Brooklynn Proulx and special starring Richard Dreyfuss.

Plot
In Lake Victoria, an earthquake forms a underwater fault line. Hungry piranhas come out. In the city of Lake Victoria (named for the lake), spring break has just started and some guys go into the lake celebrate and swim.

Cast
 Elisabeth Shue: Julie Forester - The sheriff of Lake Victoria
 Steven R. Mcqueen: Jake Forester - The son of the sheriff
 Jessica Szohr: Kelly - The girlfriend of Jake
 Jerry O' Connell: Derrick Jones - Director of porno movies
 Riley Steele: Crystal - A pornostar
 Gianna Michaels: Girl on a parachute
 Christopher Lloyd: Carl Goodman - Proprietary of the animal shop
 Ving Rhames: Agent Fallon - An agent
 Roberto Chavira: Sam - A sub
 Dina Meyer: Paula Montellano - Another sub
 Sage Ryan: Zane Forester - The another son of the sheriff
 Brooklynn Proulx: Laura Forester - The another son of the sheriff.

Sequel
Dimension Films has announced that a sequel will be released in November 2011 due to the success of this and the sequel will be called Piranha 3DD.

Cameo
Richard Dreyfuss makes a cameo in the movie when he sings the song "Show Me The Way To Go Home".
Dreyfuss sang the same song in Steven Spielberg's Jaws.

2010 movies
2010 3D movies
Movies about animals
English-language movies
You Lost Me

"You Lost Me" is a song by American singer Christina Aguilera, from her 2010 album Bionic. The song was written by Aguilera, Samuel Dixon and Sia Furler. It's a slow melody pop-ballad song that talks about a cheating boyfriend, who has left the world in Aguilera's view as "infected". It was released on July 6, 2010 as the third single from Aguilera's Bionic album.

2010 songs
Christina Aguilera songs
Pop ballads
Songs about infidelity
Piranha 3DD

Piranha 3DD is a 2011 movie directed by John Gulager taken from the subject by Alexandre Aja.
The movie is the sequel to Piranha 3D. It stars Ving Rhames and Christopher Lloyd.

Plot
Is now one year after the attack of piranhas in Lake Victoria and everything now seems back to normal.
Instead, it turns out that not all piranhas are dead.
Lake Victoria has just opened a water park in the lake and the piranhas are hungry...

Fallon was seemingly dead in the first chapter.
Perhaps the movie is a reboot, or Fallon was not dead as it seemed.

Cast
 Ving Rhames: Deputy Fallon
 Christopher Lloyd: Carl Goodman
 Paul Scheer: Andrew 
 Danielle Panebaker: Owner of the park

2011 movies
Movies about animals
English-language movies
Matisyahu

Matthew Paul Miller (born June 30, 1979), better known by his name and stage name Matisyahu, is a Jewish-American singer. He combines elements of reggae, rap, beatbox, alternative rock and Hasidic themes in his music.

Early and personal life
Matisyahu was born in Pennsylvania, but grew up in White Plains, New York. He was raised in a reconstructionist Jewish home.  In his teenage years, he began to rebel and started to take drugs; later on he began a journey of self-exploration. 

Matisyahu married his first wife, Tahlia, in August 2004, and they have three sons. In 2014 the couple divorced. In 2019 he got married again. He has stated that he is vegan.

Career

Matisyahu's most famous songs are "King Without a Crown", "Jerusalem", and "One Day". He has collaborated with Akon, The Crystal Method, and Infected Mushroom.

Since 2004, he has released 5 studio albums, as well as 2 live albums, 2 remix albums, and 2 DVDs with live concerts.

References

Rap musicians from Pennsylvania
American rock musicians
Reggae musicians
Singers from Pennsylvania
1979 births
Living people
Tom Waits

Thomas Alan "Tom" Waits (born December 7, 1949) is an American singer, songwriter, actor, and composer. He is  known for his distinct voice, electric instrumentation, and occasionally surreal lyrics. His work often includes elements of the blues, jazz, and musical theatre.

1949 births
Living people
Actors from Los Angeles County, California
American movie actors
Musicians from Los Angeles County, California
People from Pomona, California
Singers from Los Angeles County, California
Allama Iqbal International Airport

Allama Iqbal International Airport in Lahore is the second-largest civil airport in Pakistan, serving the capital of Punjab province. It has both international and domestic air traffic. It was first called the  Lahore International Airport, but it was renamed in 2003 for Allama Sir Muhammad Iqbal. He was the Islamic poet-philosopher who was a major supporter for the creation of the state of Pakistan. The airport has parking for 20 aircraft, and the airport terminal can handle up to five million passengers a year.

References

Other websites
 Allama Iqbal International Airport website

Airports in Pakistan
Woolly rhinoceros

The woolly rhinoceros (Coelodonta antiquitatis) was a large mammal species of rhinoceros, now extinct. It was widespread throughout the tundra of northern Eurasia during the Pleistocene epoch, about 1.8 million years ago until about 10,000 years ago (the end of the last ice age). 

Recently, the earliest known woolly rhino fossil was discovered from 3.6 million years in the Himalayas on the cold Tibetan plateau. It lived there during a period of general climate warmth around the earth. It is believed that they migrated from there to other parts when the ice age developed.

Description 
It was well adapted to the cold; it had thick, shaggy fur, small ears, short legs, and a massive body (all to lessen heat loss). Fossils of this early rhino have been found, in addition to well-preserved corpses, which were found in frozen gravel in Siberia. Stone Age humans hunted woolly rhinos; they drew pictures of the rhinos on cave walls 30,000 years ago, giving us even more information about these large mammals.

References 

Rhinoceroses
Woolly mammoth

The woolly mammoth also called mammoth (Mammuthus primigenius), is a species of mammoth. They were large elephants which lived during the ice ages. The animal is known from bones and frozen carcasses from northern North America and northern Eurasia. The best preserved carcasses were found in Siberia. They are perhaps the most well known species of mammoth.

This mammoth species was first recorded in deposits of a former glaciation in Eurasia, perhaps 150,000 years ago.

The woolly mammoth coexisted with early humans, who hunted them. Their bones and tusks were used as tools, and dwellings. Mammoths were also hunted for food. The species disappeared from most of its range at the end of the Pleistocene (10,000 years ago), with a dwarfed race still living on Wrangel Island until about 1700 BC.

Cave paintings of the woolly mammoth have been found in caves in France and Spain. Woolly mammoths are closely related to the Asian Elephant.

References 

Extinct elephants
Mammals of North America
Renewable energy in Pakistan

Renewable energy in Pakistan is mostly solar and wind power.  It is a relatively underdeveloped sector. In recent years, environmental groups and the authorities explored renewable energy resources for energy production. New renewable energy projects were designed to address the energy crises and power shortages affecting the country.

Pakistan
Renewable energy
Welfare

Welfare is an idea from economics and Social Security. The idea is that everyone should have a minimal living standard. People who cannot reach this standard will be supported, usually by the state. Using welfare, everyone has their basic needs covered. This idea is different from the idea of charity.

Welfare can take different forms:
Certain goods are subsidized by the state. In that way, in many countries the price of goods people need daily, such as bread or rice may be fixed by the state.
A voucher is similar to a subsidy, except that it may only be used in a certain way. An example of this might be the cafeteria at the university; certain students get their meals cheaper, because they have a voucher. The cafeteria then exchanges the voucher, and will be paid the difference.
It is also possible to pay money directly: people will then get a monthly amount of money. They can spend this money on anything, without restriction.
Some countries need to have proof you applied for a job to receive welfare.

Welfare money is given by the government, charities, and other groups of people to help homeless, old, illness, poor, and disabled people (people who cannot help themselves), and also helps children (child support).

Welfare can also be called the well-being of someone or a group of people: their happiness, health, safety, and fortune.

In countries like Germany, Japan, United States, Sweden, and France, government welfare also is used to help the needy.

Related pages
Social worker
Right to an adequate standard of living
Economic, social and cultural rights
Welfare economics
Welfare state

Human rights
Welfare economics
Independent politician

In politics, an Independent is someone who is not a member of any political party. Independents can have a centrist opinion on what they want to do when they are elected, or they may have extreme opinions that are very different from what other parties have. Also, there are some politicians who may choose to contest an election by themselves as an Independent candidate even if they used to be a member of a political party, because they do not want to follow their party's political ideology. Some Independents may create their own political party just to take part in an election.

Politics
RNE

RNE (Spanish: "Radio Nacional de España") (English: "Spain's National Radio") is a Spanish public radio broadcaster. Since 1973 it's integrated on the RTVE group. Now, RNE is made up of 6 radio channels:
 Radio Nacional (national radio) - a general radio channel.
 Radio clásica (classical radio) - plays classical music
 Radio 3 - alternative music and culture
 Ràdio 4 - generalist radio channel on Catalan
 Radio 5 - information radio channel
 Radio exterior (exterior radio): outside Spain's radio service

References 

Radio
Cleveland Barons (NHL)

The Cleveland Barons were a professional ice hockey team in the National Hockey League (NHL) from 1976–78. They had been the California Golden Seals, which had played in Oakland since 1967. The franchise was then moved to Cleveland. After only two seasons, the team joined with the Minnesota North Stars.

Related pages

Defunct National Hockey League teams
Sports in Cleveland, Ohio
1976 establishments in the United States
1978 disestablishments in the United States
1970s establishments in Ohio
Colorado Rockies (NHL)

The Colorado Rockies were an American professional ice hockey team in the National Hockey League (NHL). They played in Denver, Colorado, from 1976 to 1982. They had been the Kansas City Scouts, a 1974 expansion team, until the franchise was moved to Denver. In 1982 the franchise again moved to East Rutherford, New Jersey, in 1982 and was renamed the New Jersey Devils. The NHL did not return to Denver until 1995, when the Quebec Nordiques moved to become the Colorado Avalanche.

Other websites
Results on hockeydb.com

Defunct National Hockey League teams
Sports in Denver, Colorado
1976 establishments in the United States
1970s establishments in Colorado
1982 disestablishments in the United States
Hamilton Tigers

The Hamilton Tigers were a professional ice hockey team, and a member of the National Hockey League (NHL). They were based in Hamilton, Ontario, and played from 1920–1925. The Tigers were formed from the sale of the Quebec Bulldogs NHL franchise. After years of struggling, the team finished first in the league in the 1924-25 NHL season. However, after a players' strike at the end of the season the team broke up.

Other websites
Results on hockeydb.com

Defunct National Hockey League teams
Sport in Hamilton
1920 establishments
1925 disestablishments
1920s establishments in Canada
20th-century disestablishments in Canada
Montreal Maroons

The Montreal Maroons (officially the Montreal Professional Hockey Club) was a professional ice hockey team in the National Hockey League (NHL). They played in the NHL from 1924 to 1938, winning the Stanley Cup in 1926 and 1935.

Other websites
Results on hockeydb.com

Defunct National Hockey League teams
1924 establishments in North America
1920s establishments in Canada
1938 disestablishments
20th-century disestablishments in Canada
Ottawa Senators (original)

The Ottawa Senators were an amateur, and later, professional, ice hockey team based in Ottawa, Canada which existed from 1883 to 1954. The club was the first hockey club in Ontario, a founding member of the National Hockey League (NHL) and played in the NHL from 1917 until 1934. The club, which was officially the Ottawa Hockey Club (Ottawa HC), was known by several nicknames, including the Generals in the 1890s, the Silver Seven from 1903 to 1907 and the Senators dating from 1908.

Other websites
Results on hockeydb.com

Defunct National Hockey League teams
1883 establishments
1880s establishments in Canada
1954 disestablishments
20th-century disestablishments in Canada
Pittsburgh Pirates (NHL)

The Pittsburgh Pirates were an American professional ice hockey team in the National Hockey League (NHL), based in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania from 1925–26 to 1929–30. The nickname comes from the baseball team also based in the city. For the 1930–31 season the team moved to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and played one season as the Philadelphia Quakers.

Other websites
Results on hockeydb.com

Defunct National Hockey League teams
1925 establishments in the United States
20th-century establishments in Pennsylvania
St. Louis Eagles

The St. Louis Eagles were a professional ice hockey team and a former member of the National Hockey League (NHL) based in St. Louis, Missouri. The Eagles lasted for only one year, playing in the 1934–35 NHL season.

Other websites
Results on hockeydb.com

Defunct National Hockey League teams
1934 establishments in the United States
1935 disestablishments
20th-century establishments in Missouri
1930s disestablishments in the United States
20th-century disestablishments in Missouri
Reconciliation

In Christian theology, reconciliation is the process of repairing one's relationship with God. This comes after atonement. It is a part of salvation. Reconciliation is the end of the estrangement, caused by original sin, between God and his people. John Calvin describes reconciliation as the peace between humanity and God that results from atoning for religious sin.

References

Christian theology
Safi Airways

Safi Airways Co. () is an Afghan airline. The airline Safi Airways - IATA-Code 4Q - was started in 2006 by Rahim Safi, an Afghan Businessman. This private airline has its head office in the Safi Airline Center in Shahr-e-Naw, Kabul and an administrative office in Dubai, United Arab Emirates.

References

Other websites 
Safi Airways Official Website 

Airlines of Asia
Kabul
Slovak Extraliga

The Slovak Extraliga is the top level ice hockey league in Slovakia. It was founded in 1993, the same year that Slovakia became and independent country.

Champions
1994 HC Dukla Trenčín
1995 HC Košice
1996 HC Košice
1997 HC Dukla Trenčín
1998 HC Slovan Bratislava
1999 HC Košice
2000 HC Slovan Bratislava
2001 HKm Zvolen
2002 HC Slovan Bratislava
2003 HC Slovan Bratislava
2004 HC Dukla Trenčín
2005 HC Slovan Bratislava
2006 MsHK Žilina
2007 HC Slovan Bratislava
2008 HC Slovan Bratislava
2009 HC Košice
2010 HC Košice
2011 HC Košice

Other websites
History of Slovak ice hockey 

Ice hockey leagues
Swedish Hockey League

The Swedish Hockey League (SHL),  is a professional ice hockey league in the country of Sweden. It was founded in 1975 as the Swedish Elite League , and is the top level of ice hockey in Sweden. The name was changed in June 2013.

Swedish national champions

1976 - Brynäs IF
1977 - Brynäs IF
1978 - Skellefteå AIK
1979 - Modo AIK
1980 - Brynäs IF
1981 - Färjestads BK
1982 - AIK
1983 - Djurgårdens IF
1984 - AIK
1985 - Södertälje SK
1986 - Färjestads BK
1987 - IF Björklöven
1988 - Färjestads BK
1989 - Djurgårdens IF
1990 - Djurgårdens IF
1991 - Djurgårdens IF
1992 - Malmö IF
1993 - Brynäs IF
1994 - Malmö IF
1995 - HV71
1996 - Luleå HF
1997 - Färjestads BK
1998 - Färjestads BK

1999 - Brynäs IF
2000 - Djurgårdens IF
2001 - Djurgårdens IF
2002 - Färjestads BK
2003 - Västra Frölunda HC
2004 - HV71
2005 - Frölunda HC
2006 - Färjestads BK
2007 - Modo Hockey
2008 - HV71
2009 - Färjestads BK
2010 - HV71
2011 - Färjestads BK
2012 - Brynäs IF
2013 - Skellefteå AIK
2014 - Skellefteå AIK
2015 - Växjö Lakers HC
2016 - Frölunda HC
2017 - HV71
2018 - Växjö Lakers HC
2019 - Frölunda HC
2020 - Cancelled because of the Corona pandemic
2021 - Växjö Lakers HC

Other websites

Official Swedish Hockey League website 

1975 establishments in Europe
Ice hockey in Sweden
Ice hockey leagues
1970s establishments in Sweden
Samanid dynasty

The Samani dynasty ( Sāmāniyān), also called the Samanid Empire, or simply Samanids (819–999) was a Tajik state and empire in Central Asia and Greater Iran. It is named after its founder Saman Khuda, who converted to Sunni Islam. He had been born a member of the Zoroastrian nobility. It was the first Persian empire in Greater Iran and Central Asia after the Sassanid Persian empire collapsed because of the Arab conquest.

References 

History of Afghanistan
History of Pakistan
Royal dynasties
Prime Minister of Singapore

The Prime Minister of the Republic of Singapore is the head of the government of the Republic of Singapore. The President of Singapore chooses as Prime Minister a Member of Parliament (MP) who, he thinks, will have the highest chance of being supported by a majority of MPs.

The first time there was a Prime Minister was in 1959 and it was chosen by the Governor of Singapore and later the Yang di-Pertuan Negara (head of state), when Singapore could have the power to govern as the State of Singapore inside the British Empire. The title of Prime Minister did not change after Singapore merged with the Federation of Malaya, Sarawak and British North Borneo, while Singapore was a state in the Federation of Malaysia from 1963 to 1965, and after independence in 1965.

Lee Kuan Yew was the first prime minister of Singapore from 1959 to 1990 and retired on 26 November 1990. Goh Chok Tong took over Lee Kuan Yew, while Lee Kuan Yew  was given the job of Senior Minister in the Prime Minister's Office. Goh Chok Tong retired on 12 August 2004 and was replaced by Lee Kuan Yew's son Lee Hsien Loong. Goh was given the job of Senior Minister, and the older Lee the job of Minister Mentor.

List of prime ministers of Singapore

List of deputy prime ministers 
The Deputy Prime Minister (DPM) is the second highest position and the second most senior Cabinet Minister in Singapore. The DPM will sometimes become the Acting Prime Minister when the Prime Minister is temporarily not in Singapore. Since the mid-1980s, Singapore has usually had two Deputy Prime Ministers at one time.

(1) Ong Teng Cheong and Tony Tan served under more than one Prime Minister during their time as Deputy Prime Minister.

Related pages
Cabinet of Singapore

References

Other websites 
 Prime Minister's Office

 
Political office-holders in Singapore
Singapore
Rhipidistia

The Rhipidistia are lobe-finned fish, and include the ancestors of the tetrapods. The Rhipidistia are a subgroup of Sarcopterygii which includes the lungfish (Dipnoi) and the tetrapodomorphs.

As cladistic understanding of the vertebrates has improved over the last few decades a monophyletic Rhipidistia is now understood to include the ancestor of the whole Tetrapoda.

Taxonomy
Rhipidistia
Dipnomorpha
†Porolepiformes
†Powichthys
Dipnoi
Tetrapodomorpha
†Rhizodontiformes
Osteolepidida
Osteolepiformes
†Tristichopteridae
Elpistostegalia
†Panderichthys
Tetrapoda

References
palaeos.com page 
Taxonomicon page 

Lobe-finned fish
Elisheva

Elisheva or Elisheba was a wife of the priest Aaron. They are mentioned in the Bible. Aaron was a brother of the prophet Moses.

She is known as Alishahda in Islam.

Her father was Amminadab and her brother was Nahshon.

Her sons were Nadab and Abihu, Ithamar and Eleazar.

She was buried in the Tomb of the Matriarchs.

Old Testament people
Ancient Israeli people
Amminadab

Amminadab was a man mentioned in the Bible as an ancestor of Jesus.

He was a son of Ram and father of Nahshon and Elisheva, who married priest Aaron.

Laurence Gardner proposed Amminadab to be pharaoh Akhenaten.

Old Testament people
Ancient Israeli people
Moose Jaw Warriors

The Moose Jaw Warriors is a Canadian professional ice hockey team that began playing in 1984. They currently play in the Western Hockey League. They play their home games in Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan at the Mosaic Place. They have reached the WHL finals once in 2006 but were swept in 4 games by the Vancouver Giants. They were originally known as the Winnipeg Warriors until relocating to Moose Jaw in 1984.

Other websites
Official website

1980 establishments
Canadian Hockey League teams
Ice hockey teams in Saskatchewan
Western Hockey League
Ice hockey at the Olympic Games

Ice hockey tournaments have been played at the Olympic Games since 1920. The men's tournament was first played at the 1920 Summer Olympics, but was moved to the Winter Olympics in 1924. The women's tournament was first held at the 1998 Winter Olympics. Canada holds the record for the most Gold medals, with 11.

Other websites
List of Olympic medalists  on IIHF.com

Ice hockey competitions
Winter Olympic sports
Ice Hockey World Championships

The Ice Hockey World Championships are a yearly ice hockey tournament organized by the International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF). The World Championships were first officially held at the 1920 Summer Olympics. The IIHF was created in 1908 while the European Championships, the predecessor to the World Championships, were first held in 1910. The tournament held at the 1920 Summer Olympics is recognized as the first Ice Hockey World Championship. Between 1920 and 1968, the Olympic hockey tournament was also considered the World Championship for that year. The first World Championship that was held as an individual event was in 1930.

Other websites
List of World Championship medalists on IIHF.com

Ice hockey competitions
Tangier

Tangier, also Tangiers (Tifinagh: ⵜⴰⵏⵊⴰ Tanja, archaic Berber name: Tingi, Arabic: طنجة Ṭanja) is a city in northern Morocco with a population of about 700,000 (2008 census). It lies on the North African coast at the western entrance to the Strait of Gibraltar where the Mediterranean meets the Atlantic Ocean off Cape Spartel. It is the capital of the Tangier-Tetouan Region and of the Tangier-Asilah prefecture of Morocco near the Spanish border. 

The history of Tangier is very rich due to the historical presence of many civilizations and cultures starting from the 5th century BC. Between the period of being a Phoenician town to the independence era around the 1950s, Tangier was a place—and, sometimes a refuge—for many cultures. However, it was not until 1923 that Tangier was attributed an international status by foreign colonial powers, thus becoming a destination for many Europeans, Americans and Indians alike.

The city is currently undergoing rapid development and modernization. Projects include new 5-star hotels along the bay, a modern business district called Tangier City Centre, a new airport terminal and a new soccer stadium. Tangier's economy is also set to benefit greatly from the new Tanger-Med port.

Other websites 
Official site of The Tangier American Legation Institute for Moroccan Studies
Travel article with photos
Tangier photo gallery
 Navigating Tangier’s Labyrinth – slideshow by The New York Times

1945 establishments
Phoenician colonies
Cities in Morocco
Tunisair

Société Tunisienne de l'Air, or Tunisair () is the flag carrier airline of Tunisia.  Formed in 1948, it operates scheduled international services to European, African and Middle Eastern destinations.  Its main base is Tunis-Carthage International Airport. The airline's head office is in Tunis, near Tunis Airport.

References

Other websites 

Tunisair quotes on the Tunis Stock Exchange 

20th-century establishments in  Tunisia
1948 establishments
Airlines of Africa
Tunis
Senior Minister

Senior Minister (, used to be called 内阁资政／內閣資政 before 12 August 2004, ) is a political office in the Prime Minister's Office. The job of Senior Minister in the political system of Singapore is taken by a prime minister or senior cabinet minister when he or she retires from that office, but still can help the government with their long experience. However, some opposition critics say that the job of senior minister shows no respect for the political opposition in Singapore and the reliance of Singapore on a dominant-party system.

The last Senior Ministers of Singapore were Goh Chok Tong, the second Prime Minister of Singapore and S Jayakumar, former Deputy Prime Minister of Singapore. This job has been held by Goh since August 12, 2004, and used to be held by Lee Kuan Yew, the first Prime Minister of Singapore, from November 28, 1990, until August 12, 2004, and S. Rajaratnam, former Deputy Prime Minister of Singapore, from 1985 to 1988. After Goh Chok Tong became Senior Minister, a new ministerial job, the Minister Mentor, was created and given to Lee Kuan Yew. On 26 March 2009, Prime Minister of Singapore Lee Hsien Loong announced that the Deputy Prime Minister of Singapore (DPM) S. Jayakumar would let go of his job as the DPM and become Senior Minister in the Prime Minister's Office.

In the the 2011 general elections, S. Jayakumar did not contest in the election and retired from politics.

After the elections, the Senior Minister position was renamed to Emeritus Senior Minister and is still headed by former prime minister Goh Chok Tong.

List of Senior Ministers of Singapore

References

Related pages
 Prime Minister of Singapore
Edifício Altino Arantes

Edifício Altino Arantes  is a skyscraper in São Paulo, Brazil. It is 161 meters (528 feet) tall and has 36 floors. It was built in 1947.

Related pages
 Downtown São Paulo
 Mirante do Vale
 Edifício Itália

References

São Paulo
Skyscrapers in Brazil
1947 establishments in South America
1940s establishments in Brazil
Decagon

A decagon is a shape with 10 sides and 10 corners.

Regular decagon
All sides of a regular decagon are the same length. Each corner is 144°. All corners added together equal 1440°.

Area

The amount of space a regular decagon takes up is

a is the length of one of its sides.

An alternative formula is  where d is the distance between parallel sides, or the height when the decagon stands on one side as base.	 
By simple trigonometry .

Sides
The side of a regular decagon inscribed in a unit circle is , where ϕ is the golden ratio, .

Dissection of regular decagon
Coxeter states that every parallel-sided 2m-gon can be divided into m(m-1)/2 rhombs. For the regular decagon, m=5, and it can be divided into 10 rhombs, with examples shown below. This decomposition can be seen as 10 of 80 faces in a Petrie polygon projection plane of the 5-cube. A dissection is based on 10 of 30 faces of the rhombic triacontahedron. The list A006245 defines the number of solutions as 62, with 2 orientations for the first symmetric form, and 10 orientations for the other 6.

Skew decagon

A skew decagon is a skew polygon with 10 vertices and edges but not existing on the same plane. The interior of such an decagon is not generally defined. A skew zig-zag decagon has vertices alternating between two parallel planes.

A regular skew decagon is vertex-transitive with equal edge lengths. In 3-dimensions it will be a zig-zag skew decagon and can be seen in the vertices and side edges of a pentagonal antiprism, pentagrammic antiprism, and pentagrammic crossed-antiprism with the same D5d, [2+,10] symmetry, order 20.

These can also be seen in these 4 convex polyhedra with icosahedral symmetry. The polygons on the perimeter of these projections are regular skew decagons.

Related pages
Decagonal number and centered decagonal number, figurate numbers modeled on the decagon
Decagram, a star polygon with the same vertex positions as the regular decagon

References

Other websites

Definition and properties of a decagon With interactive animation

10
To a Mouse

"To a Mouse, on Turning Her Up in Her Nest with the Plough" (also known as just "To a Mouse") is a poem written by Robert Burns. The poem was written in Scots in 1785. "To a Mouse" is about a young man who accidentally overturns the soil of a mouse’s nest.

John Steinbeck named his novella Of Mice and Men after a line in the seventh stanza of the poem. This line is: "The best laid schemes o' mice an' men / Gang aft agley" ("The best laid schemes of mice and men / Go often askew").

The poem

References 

18th-century British poems
1785
1780s works
Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers

Tom Petty And The Heartbreakers is an American rock band from Gainesville, Florida. Tom Petty And The Heartbreakers have six members in the band; the current band members are Tom Petty, Mike Campbell, Benmont Tench, Ron Blair, Scott Thurston and Steve Ferrone. The band received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 1999. The band have won many Grammy Awards and were also the recipients of 2006's Billboard Century Award.

Band members 

Current
Tom Petty – lead vocals, rhythm guitar, harmonica 
Mike Campbell – lead guitar, mandolin
Scott Thurston – rhythm guitar, harmonica, synthesizers, backing vocals  
Ron Blair – bass, backing vocals
Benmont Tench - piano, organ, synthesizers, backing vocals 
Steve Ferrone - drums

Former
Stan Lynch - drums, backing vocals (1976–1994)
Howie Epstein - bass, backing vocals, mandolin (1982–2002)

Discography 
So far as of 2011, Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers have released 12 Studio albums:

Albums
Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers (1976)
You're Gonna Get It! (1978)
Damn the Torpedoes (1979)
Hard Promises (1981)
Long After Dark (1982)
Southern Accents (1985)
Let Me Up (I've Had Enough) (1987)
Into the Great Wide Open (1991)
Wildflowers (1994)
Songs and Music from "She's the One" (1996)
Echo (1999)
The Last DJ (2002)
Mojo (2010)

Other websites 
Official website

Tom Petty
American rock bands
Blues bands
Musical groups from Florida
Warner Bros. Records artists
Echiura

The Echiura, or spoon worms, are a small group of marine animals. They are often considered to be a group of annelids, although they lack the segmented structure found in other members of that group, and so may also be treated as a separate phylum.

However, phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequences place echiurans and Sipuncula within the Annelida.

References 

Annelids
Acoelomorpha

The Acoelomorpha are a group of animals with features that were once put in the phylum Platyhelminthes (flatworms).

In 2004 molecular studies showed that this was wrong. 

Now it is clear that their closest relatives are the Xenoturbellida, and the two groups make up the proposed new phylum, the Xenacoelomorpha.

Most researchers believe them to be basal among the bilateria, slightly more derived than the Cnidaria. Recent results suggest that they (along with Xenoturbella) may lie near the base of the deuterostomes. An ongoing collaborative research project has "the researchers ... confident that they can reach an agreement about where acoels fit in evolutionary history".

"The results show that the two groups constitute a newly classified phylum... which the authors name the ’Xenacoelomorpha’. The xenacoelomorph phylum joins the three known phyla of deuterostomes: vertebrates (including humans), echinoderms (e.g. starfish) and hemichordates (acorn worms)".

Acoels are almost entirely marine, living between grains of sediment, swimming as plankton, or crawling on algae. Acoels have a statocyst, which presumably helps them orient to gravity. Their soft bodies make them difficult to classify.

References 

Invertebrates
Minor phyla
Atlantic 10 Conference

The Atlantic 10 Conference (A-10) is a NCAA conference that plays in NCAA Division I. The conference is headquartered in Newport News, Virginia and features universities and colleges from the Eastern and Midwestern United States.

History
The A-10 was founded by eight Eastern schools in 1975 as the Eastern Collegiate Basketball League, and began play in 1976. It first played only men's basketball, but added other sports in 1977 and became the Eastern Athletic Association. Despite its official names, the conference was more often called the Eastern 8. By 1982, the conference had 10 schools, and it became the Atlantic 10.

Although the conference has had "10" in its name since 1982, it has not had 10 members since Penn State left for the second and final time in 1991. Since then, the A-10 has had anywhere from 8 to 16 full members (schools that play most of their sports in the conference). From 1997 to 2006, the A-10 ran a football league, but it dropped the sport when the Colonial Athletic Association began a football league.

Members
Fourteen schools are full members. Most of the members are private schools; seven are run by the Catholic Church.

Future members 
The A-10 will add one member in July 2022.

Associate members 
Two schools are "associate members" that play only one sport in the A10.

Former members 
Ten schools were once full members of the A-10, but are no longer in the conference.

References

 
NCAA Division I athletics conferences
1976 establishments in the United States