cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Loyalist (American Revolution)

Loyalists were people in the Thirteen Colonies who opposed the American Revolutionary War. They were also called Tories. They fought with the British against the Continental Army and Continental Congress that they felt was oppressing them. In many areas, Loyalists were treated very roughly by revolutionaries (who often called themselves "Patriots").  Tory lands and other properties were taken away, and sometimes they were put into jail or even killed. Some formed militias, fighting along with the British Army against the rebels.

After the war, many Loyalists sought asylum in Canada to escape the new United States and to stay loyal to King George and the British Empire.

Loyalists came from all walks of life. The majority were small farmers, artisans and shopkeepers. Not surprisingly, most British officials remained loyal to the Crown. Wealthy merchants tended to remain loyal, as did Anglican ministers, especially in Puritan New England. Loyalists also included some blacks (to whom the British promised freedom), Indians, indentured servants and some German immigrants, who supported the Crown mainly because George III was of German origin.

The number of Loyalists in each colony varied. Recent estimates suggest that half the population of New York was Loyalist; it had an aristocratic culture and was occupied throughout the Revolution by the British. In the Carolinas, back-country farmers were Loyalist, whereas the Tidewater planters tended to support the Revolution.

During the Revolution, most Loyalists suffered little from their views. However, a minority, about 19,000 Loyalists, armed and supplied by the British, fought in the conflict.

The Paris Peace Treaty required Congress to restore property confiscated from Loyalists. The heirs of William Penn in Pennsylvania, for example, and those of George Calvert in Maryland received generous settlements. In the Carolinas, where enmity between rebels and Loyalists was especially strong, few of the latter regained their property. In New York and the Carolinas, the confiscations from Loyalists resulted in something of a social revolution as large estates were parceled out to yeoman farmers.

About 100,000 Loyalists left the country, including William Franklin, the son of Benjamin, and John Singleton Copley, the greatest American painter of the period. Most settled in Canada. Brantford, Ontario for example was started by Iroquois refugees. Some eventually returned, although several state governments excluded the Loyalists from holding public office. Most of the Black Loyalists left, as they faced re-enslavement if they remained in the USA. In the decades after the Revolution, Americans preferred to forget about the Loyalists. Apart from Copley, the Loyalists became nonpersons in American history.

Other websites 
 United Empire Loyalists -Citizendium

American Revolutionary War
LaMarcus Aldridge

LaMarcus Aldridge (born July 19, 1985) is an American basketball player for the San Antonio Spurs of the NBA. He plays both the forward and center positions. He played college basketball at the University of Texas at Austin. He is known or his smooth turn-around jump shot, which is hard to block since he is so tall and long. He has been chosen as an all-star for the past three years. In 2014, he helped the Portland Trail Blazers win a playoff series for the first time in many years.

References

Other websites

1985 births
Living people
Portland Trail Blazers players
African-American basketball players
Sportspeople from Dallas, Texas
American basketball players
Collatz conjecture

The Collatz conjecture is a conjecture (an idea which many people think is likely) in mathematics.  It is named after Lothar Collatz.  He first proposed it in 1937.  It is about what happens when something is done repeatedly (over and over) starting at some integer n:
 If n is even (divisible by two), n is halved (divide by two = take its half).
 If n is odd (not divisible by two), n is changed to .
The conjecture states that if n is positive, n will always reach one.
The problem is computationally verified for all numbers below .
Here is an example sequence:
 9
 28 (9 is odd, so we triple it and add one)
 14 (28 is even;  14 is half of 28)
 7 (14 is even, 7 is its half)
 22 ()
 11
 34
 17
 52
 26
 13
 40
 20
 10
 5
 16 (16 is a power of two, so it will lead to 1, halving each time)
 8
 4
 2
 1 (after 1 comes 4, 2, 1, 4, 2, 1, etc.)

Debate 
Many mathematicians argue over if it is really true. Numbers in the quadrillions have been tested but it has still remained true. However, this is still very less compared to another conjecture that had been proved false in 1978. There are two outcomes where it is false: a number keeps growing towards infinity, or an extremely large number forms its own loop.

(oeis:A033479)

References 

Number theory
Conjectures
Folketing

The Folketing () is the national parliament of Denmark. The name means "People's thing" (a thing in this case is a governing assembly). It is the highest legislative body in the Kingdom of Denmark and decides most of the laws for Denmark, Greenland and the Faroe Islands. The Folketing meets in Christiansborg Palace, in the Danish capital, Copenhagen. 179 members sit in the Folketing (175 from Denmark, 2 from Greenland and 2 from the Faroe Islands) and are democratically elected.

Greenland and the Faroe Islands also have their own, less powerful, parliaments and are allowed to make some laws on their own.

The Folketing is where many political parties in Denmark meet to discuss important issues affecting Danish people, and to pass laws they agree on. The Folketing is also where the Government of Denmark is formed, when several parties who are in agreement decide to join together and form a coalition government (the parties forming a government must have over half of the total members of the Folketing; a majority). The voting system used in Denmark is proportional, meaning the distribution of seats reflects the distribution of votes. This means that many parties and different political views are represented, including some extreme views.

The leader of the Folketing is the Speaker who sits at the front. The members sit in front of the speaker in the shape of a semicircle.

From 1849 to 1953, the Folketing was one of the two houses in a parliament. It was known as the "Rigsdag". The other house was known as the "Landsting". The members of the Folketing included farmers, traders and merchants. The Landsting was made up of the rich members of society. It included the nobility. These members were chosen by the King to become members. In 1953 the Landsting was gotten rid of. This left the Folketing as the only house of parliament. The Rigsdag became the Folketing.

Latest election  
The most recent general election took place on 15 September 2011.
 
The centre-right coalition that was in power before the election, led by the Liberal Party, lost to a centre-left coalition led by the Social Democrats. The Social Liberal Party and the Socialist People's Party became part of the three-party government, which holds 89 seats in the Folketing.

References 
 Folketinget – The Danish Parliament ft.dk. PDF publication, published in September 2010.

Other websites  
 Official website in English.
 ft.dk - Official website in Danish 

Politics of Denmark
Denmark
Neutrophil

Neutrophils are the most common type of white blood cell, often called neutrophil granulocytes. They destroy bacteria (and other parasites like fungi) during an infection. They get to the site of an injury within minutes. They have tiny granules full of enzymes and peptides which chop up the bacteria after they have taken them in.

The process of taking in bacteria is called phagocytosis. The bacteria end up in a vacuole inside the neutrophil. The enzymes then get to work on destroying the bacteria. Neutrophils are an important part of the body's immune system. They are a kind of granulocyte, and have a short life-span of a couple of days.

Blood cells
Immunology
Adrenoleukodystrophy

Adrenoleukodystrophy is a disease that is linked on the X chromosome. It is a result of fatty acid digestive enzymes not breaking up the fats. These fats build up in the brain. They damage the myelin that surrounds nerves. This can cause seizures and hyperactivity. It can also cause problems with speaking, listening and understanding verbal instructions.

About 1 in 17,000 people are born with a genetic disease called adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD). This severe brain disorder mainly affects boys and men. There’s no cure yet for it, but a diagnosis early in life may keep it from getting worse.

ALD Symptoms 
Symptoms of ALD often begin between the ages of 4 and 10 but can also present much later in life. ALD symptoms include:
 loss of vision
 learning disabilities
 dysphagia (difficulty swallowing)
 seizures
 deafness
 lack of coordination and balance
 fatigue
 intermittent vomiting
 weight loss
 lack of appetite
 nausea
 darkening of the skin

References 

Genetic disorders
Marussia Motors

Marussia Motors ( [ma´rusja]) is a Russian sports car manufacturer which started making cars in 2007. They were the first sports cars to be made in Russia. It has designed, developed and built the B1 and the B2 sport cars. The Marussia B1 was launched on the 16 December, 2008 in the new Manege hall in Moscow. The company's first showroom opened in Moscow on 10 September, 2010.

Marussia is led by former racing driver Nikolay Fomenko. In 2010, it bought the Virgin Racing Formula One team.  This will be renamed the Marussia F1 Team for the 2012 Formula One racing season.

References

Sports cars
Companies of Russia
Automobile companies
2007 establishments in Russia
Transport in Russia
European windstorm

A European windstorm is an extratropical cyclone that affects Europe. They are normally caused by areas of low atmospheric pressure that move across the North Atlantic towards northwestern Europe. They are most common in the winter months. Low pressure areas are common over the North Atlantic. They sometimes start as nor'easters off the New England coast. They usually move past the north coasts of the British Isles to the Norwegian Sea. When they move south, they can affect almost any country in Europe. These most often affect Britain, Ireland, Norway, the Faroe Islands and Iceland. They can affect any country in central, northern and western Europe.

These storms cause economic damage of €1.9 billion each year. They cause insurance costs of €1.4 billion yearly (1990–1998). Only US hurricanes cause more insurance costs of all natural disasters.

References

Disasters in Europe
Severe weather
Euston Arch

The Euston Arch was an archway built at the front of Euston railway station in London. It was built in 1837 by the London and Birmingham Railway. The people in charge of the new and modern railway wanted passengers to have a good feeling about the station. They built the large arch as a gate in front of the station to attract attention. 

Four columns supported the arch. The outside two columns were plain and square. The inside two were circular and decorated in the Doric style. This Doric style gave the arch its common name of "The Doric Arch".

Originally, the words "London and Birmingham Railway" marked the top of the gate. In 1870, the letters EUSTON in gold were carved into the beam across the tops of the four columns. This railway company had joined other companies to form the London and North Western Railway. This new company did not want passengers to use the old name. It changed the name of the arch from the company name to the station name.

Demolition 
In 1960s, Britain was modernising the railways. Diesel locomotives were replacing of steam locomotives. Overhead electric wires were added to the important line from Euston Station in London to the North West of England. The old Euston station was also to replaced. The railway added more platforms and more space at the front of the station for cars. By 1961 the Arch had been removed.

Birmingham 
The Northern station of the railway was at Curzon Street in Birmingham. That station was decorated with large pillars too and it still stands today. The columns at Curzon Street are Ionic instead of Doric. This means that the columns are plain, not fluted.

Railway stations in London
Social Security Income

SSI or social security income is a type of government check that is given to those in the United States with some type of disability. Those who are above age 65 are automatically qualified to receive SSI benefits. However, children who have a disability can also qualify for SSI benefits. In all cases with children, they can receive SSI until the age of 18 (when they finish school). Some children continue to receive SSI if their disability worsens, or if they continue to develop more disabilities. When a child reaches the age of 18, they are evaluated by a professional physiatrist. The physiatrist asks several questions ranging from their moods to how they are doing in their life. The evaluation also consists of several mental work problems that are based on decision-making. At the end of the evaluation, the physiatrist will determine if the child is still disabled or has more disabilities. 

There has been mixed to negative commentaries by the general public who believe that SSI is a mere waste and should not exist. While others argue that if SSI is taken away, the elderly and children with disabilities would struggle with medical expenses and other lifetime economic issues. SSI is founded by the government. The money given to those with SSI are taken from taxes from those who work in the United States. SSI benefits include: insurance, automatic qualification for low income housing, free transportation to and from appointments and a monthly check that arrives on the first of every month.

Websites 
Official United States website for SSI

Income
PROTECT IP Act

The Protect Intellectual Property Act (Preventing Real Online Threats to Economic Creativity and Theft of Intellectual Property Act), also called PIPA, was a proposed American law to stop copyright infringement on the Internet. The law would give copyright holders new ways to deal with websites infringing copyright.

Critics said the proposed law would have hidden risks and unintended consequences.

Protest

Some people and businesses support the law while others are alarmed by the law.  Supporters worry that the current copyright law is not effective in shutting down piracy websites. Opponents worry that the law is a kind of censorship. It is hard to tell which side is correct because the language in the law is still being written.

Related pages
 Stop Online Piracy Act (SOPA)

References

Other websites 
 Text of Protect Intellectual Property Act ; S. 968

United States law
Copyright
Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome

Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome, often simply called The Metrodome, was a domed sports stadium in downtown Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA. The field was renamed Mall of America Field at the Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome in October 2009. Opened in 1982, it replaced Metropolitan Stadium, which was on the current site of the Mall of America in Bloomington (which, beginning a three year deal on October 5, 2009, now holds naming rights for the Metrodome's field), and Memorial Stadium on the University of Minnesota campus. The Metrodome was home to the National Football League's Minnesota Vikings, and in its last years was also sometimes used by the Big Ten's Minnesota Golden Gophers baseball team. The stadium was also the home of the Minnesota Twins from 1982 to 2009 and the Golden Gophers football team from 1982 to 2008. The Twins now play at the nearby Target Field, while Golden Gophers football returned to campus at TCF Bank Stadium.

The Vikings played their last game at the stadium on  December 29, 2013. Demolition of the stadium began on January 18, 2014. A new stadium for the Vikings, U.S. Bank Stadium, was built on the site, and opened in 2016. During construction of the new stadium, the Vikings played at TCF Bank Stadium, located on the University of Minnesota campus.

References

Other websites

Metrodome Dreamscapes - digital ephemera archive
Ballpark Digest review of Metrodome
Blog with pictures of 2011 roof

Sports buildings in Minneapolis, Minnesota
Minnesota Twins
1982 establishments in the United States
20th-century establishments in Minnesota
2014 disestablishments in the United States
Marcus Trescothick

Marcus Edward Trescothick  (born 25 December 1975) is an English cricketer. He was born in Keynsham, Somerset. He is a batsman. He played 76 test matches and 123 one day internationals for the England cricket team. He has stopped playing cricket for the England cricket team now. He still plays cricket for Somerset County Cricket Club.

1975 births
Living people
English cricketers
People from Somerset
Chicago Whales

The Chicago Whales were a professional baseball team that played in Chicago, Illinois, during 1914 and 1915. They were members of the Federal League, a short-lived attempt at a third major league. The Whales were owned by a group led by Chicago restaurant owner Charles Weeghman. They played their home games at Weeghman Park, which is now Wrigley Field.

Baseball teams
Sports in Chicago, Illinois
20th century in Chicago
1914
1915
1910s in the United States
Federal League

The Federal League was a third major league baseball league. It was in competition with the National League and American League. The league played for two seasons, 1914 and 1915, and then went out of business.

Baseball leagues
Metropolitan Stadium

Metropolitan Stadium was a sports stadium in Bloomington, Minnesota. It opened in 1956 as the home of the local minor league baseball team, the Minneapolis Millers. It was made larger in 1961 so that it could be used for major league teams. In 1961, the Minnesota Twins moved from Washington, DC and the Minnesota Vikings began play at the stadium. It was replaced by the Metrodome in 1982, and was torn down in the mid-1980s.

The site of the stadium is now used by the Mall of America. When people talk about the ballpark nowadays, they often call it the "Old Met". The first floor of the Mall has a brass marker in the shape of a home plate, on the spot where the Old Met's home base once was.

Baseball stadiums
Sports buildings in the United States
Minnesota Twins
Buildings and structures in Minnesota
1956 establishments in the United States
20th-century establishments in Minnesota
1980s disestablishments in the United States
List of the busiest airports in the United States

These are lists of the busiest airports in the United States.

Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport is the busiest single airport in the United States. However, all of the New York City metropolitan area's airports combine to create the largest airport system in the United States. They are also second in the world in terms of passenger traffic, and first in the world in terms of total flight operations.

50 busiest US airports by total passenger boardings

30 busiest US airports by total passenger traffic (2010)
Listed according to data compiled by Airports Council International North America, and ranked according to total passengers during 2010.

10 busiest US airports by international passenger traffic (2010)
Listed according to data compiled by the Office of Aviation Analysis, part of the United States Department of Transportation, and ranked according to total international passengers during 2010.

10 busiest airports in the US by total cargo throughput (2010)
Listed according to data compiled by Airports Council International North America, and ranked according to total cargo throughput in metric tonnes during 2010.

References

Airports, busiest

Busiest airports in the United States
Edward William Binney

Edward William Binney FRS (1812–1882) was an English geologist. 

Edward William Binney was born in Morton, Nottinghamshire in 1812. He was apprenticed to a solicitor in Chesterfield. In 1836, he went to Manchester. He soon retired from legal practice to study geology.

In 1838, he helped found the Manchester Geological Society. He was elected president in 1857 and again in 1865. He also was the secretary and later the president of the Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society. He studied the Carboniferous and Permian rocks in northern England and the Drift deposits of Lancashire. He and Joseph Dalton Hooker found the first coal balls. They also studied the geology of the country around Manchester. He became an expert on the Coal Measures, and his Observations on the Structure of Fossil Plants found in the Carboniferous Strata (1868–1875) was one of the studies of the Palaeontographical Society. His large collection of fossils was placed in Owens College.

Binney was close friends with James Prescott Joule, William Sturgeon, John Davies and John Leigh.

He was elected a fellow of the Royal Society in 1856 and died in Manchester.

References

Further reading 
 
 
 Secord, A. "Binney, Edward William (1812–1881)", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, accessed 10 August 2007
 [Anon.] (1911) "Edward William Binney", Encyclopaedia Britannica

1812 births
1881 deaths
English geologists
People from Nottinghamshire
Fellows of the Royal Society
Paleobotany

Paleobotany is part of paleontology.  Paleophytology is a synonym.

Paleobotanists study plant fossils from the past. Paleobotany is also about trying to understand past environments and the history of agriculture. Fossil pollen and spores are important for studying the history of plants. Micropaleontology and palynology both include studying fossil plant pollen and spores.

Related pages
Coal, a black rock, and a solid fossil fuel formed from fossil plants
Coal balls, plant remains form strange balls in coal deposits, but are not made of coal
Rhynie chert, a fossil deposit with extraordinary plant fossils

Subfields of paleontology
Moree, New South Wales

Moree is a large town in northern New South Wales, Australia. It is on the Mehi River and on the junction of the Newell Highway and Gwydir Highway. The next closest town to Moree is Narrabri which is 100 kilometers south of Moree.

Moree is a major agricultural centre. It is an important part of the Australian cotton growing industry. Like many towns and cities in Australia, Moree shares its name with a much smaller community in Northern Ireland, Moree, County Tyrone. At the 2001 census, 9,247 people lived in Moree. Later in 2006, only 8,083 people lived there.

References

Towns in New South Wales
West Side Park

West Side Park is the name of a former baseball park in Chicago, Illinois. It was the home field of the Chicago Cubs baseball team from 1893 through 1915.

It was the Cubs' home ballpark when they won their only World Series championships, in 1907 and 1908, until their win in 2016. The team moved to Wrigley Field in 1916.

The park got its name from being located on the west side of Chicago. Where the ballpark once stood there is now a building in the University of Illinois Medical School.

Baseball stadiums
Sports buildings in Chicago, Illinois
1893 establishments in the United States
1890s establishments in Illinois
1916 disestablishments
1910s disestablishments in the United States
20th-century disestablishments in Illinois
Yoshino Province

, also known as Washū, was an old province of Japan in the area of Nara Prefecture on the island of Honshū.  The history of the province started in 716 and ended in 738.

History

The province was established when Yoshino District was separated from Yamato Province. 

Yoshino Province was abolished sometime after 738. It was reformed as part of Yamato Province.

The Buddhist temple of Hisosan-ji was established in the province.
 
Yoshino was known for locally produced varnishes called lacquer. Cups and bowls and other lacquer ware (Yoshino nuri) were typically black and red.  Yoshino lacquer (Yoshino urushi) was evaluated as superior.

Related pages
 Provinces of Japan
 Prefectures of Japan
 List of regions of Japan
 List of islands of Japan

References

Other websites

  Murdoch's map of provinces, 1903
  Daimyo-issued banknote from Yamato-Washu Province, 1744-1748 

Former provinces of Japan
Nara Prefecture
710s establishments in Japan
8th-century disestablishments in Japan
738 disestablishments
716 establishments
Heathrow Airport Holdings

Heathrow Airport Holdings (formely BAA Ltd.) is a Spanish company who operates six British airports (including Heathrow Airport) and Naples Airport in Italy, making the company one of the largest transport companies in the world. BAA comes from British Airports Authority and is owned by a group led by Grupo Ferrovial, a Spanish firm specialising in infrastructure. The company's head office is in The Compass Centre on the grounds of London Heathrow Airport in the London Borough of Hillingdon.

Heathrow Airport Holdings makes money from charging landing fees to airlines and from areas such as retail and property. BAA does not operate all UK airports - most are in the ownership of local authorities or other corporations.

Heathrow Airport Holdings was once a listed on the FTSE 100 Index but is now owned by FGP TopCo Limited, an international group, which includes Caisse de dépôt et placement du Québec and GIC Special Investments, that is led by the Spanish Ferrovial Group.

References

Transport in the United Kingdom
Companies of Europe
Aberdeen Airport

Aberdeen Airport  is an international airport in Aberdeen, Scotland.

It is about 5 nautical miles (5.8 miles or 9.3 km) northwest of Aberdeen city centre. 2.76 million passengers used Aberdeen Airport in 2010, a reduction of 7.4% from 2009. It is the 15th busiest airport in the UK. The airport was the second busiest airport in Scotland, and sixth busiest in the United Kingdom by number of flights in 2010.

The airport is owned and operated by BAA, which is a Spanish company. It operates six British airports, including Heathrow Airport.

Aberdeen Airport is a base for BMI Regional (part of BMI) and Eastern Airways.  The Airport is also the main heliport for the Scottish offshore oil industry.  

The airport has one main passenger terminal, serving scheduled and charter holiday flights.  There are three terminals for North Sea helicopter operations, used by Bristow Helicopters, CHC-Scotia, and Bond Offshore Helicopters.  There is also a small terminal next to the main passenger terminal, Broomfield House, used for oil company charter flights to Scatsta in Shetland, operated by Eastern Airways.

Heliport
Aberdeen Airport has the world's largest commercial heliport which has more than 400,000 passengers each year.

With the newer aircraft, helicopters can reach the northern most platforms on both the East and west of Shetland areas.  However, helicopters often use Wick, Kirkwall, Scatsa and Sumburgh for refuelling stops.

References

Airports in Scotland
Aberdeen
Grammatical person

In grammar, a person is the way of referring to someone taking part in an event, such as the person talking, the person being talked to, the person being talked about. Grammatical persons are accomplished by pronouns, words used to take the place of a noun, in order to make speech easier.

The first person is the speaker referring to himself or herself. The second person is the person whom someone is speaking to or writing to.

Persons

Effect on nouns
Very few nouns are second-person nouns because people do not usually talk directly to things like tables. In fact, in English, just about the only kind of nouns that are second-person is a small group of pronouns that can be seen in the table below.

Sometimes, a person's name is used in the second person, but that's usually just with a baby. For example, instead of saying "you sit here", one could say "Charlie sits here".

Effect on verbs
In English grammar, people do not usually have to do anything special to the verb if they use a second-person noun as a subject. In fact, the verb be is the only verb that has a special form for the second person: are. In other languages such as French though, verbs change in different ways to match the subject. In this table, tu and vous are the second-person pronouns. We can see how the verb parler (talk) changes when people use them.

Grammar
Ballarat Airport

Ballarat Airport  or Ballarat Aerodrome, is at Mitchell Park an outer suburb of Ballarat, Victoria, Australia.

History
Pilots were first trained on the Ballarat Common in 1914-15. In 1934 a tin hangar was built.

World War II
In 1940, in World War II, the site was taken over by the Australian government and a Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) airfield known as Empire Air Training Scheme No 1 Wireless Air Gunners School was begun (EATS 1 WAGS) at the Ballarat Showgrounds on 22 April 1940.

The hangar was moved to the Commonwealth Flax Mill, and four Bellman Hangars and numerous "P"-type hut buildings were erected. In mid-1940 the Wireless Air Gunners School moved to the aerodrome. At first the wireless operators were mainly trained in panel vans, but from mid 1941, they used CAC Wackett trainer aircraft.

No 1 WAGS was disbanded on 31 December 1945.

Post War
The RAAF continued to use the airfield as its Radio School until 1961. The Shire of Ballarat took over the airport as a civil airport and kept many of the hangars and other structures. Most of the P Huts were sold by the Australian government.

The site was listed on the Victorian Heritage Register in 2007 because of its history with the Empire Air Training Scheme in Victoria.

The airport still has an important role in emergency services operation, civil operation, and flight training. Many community groups and organisations use the old buildings.

Motorsport
The airfield was also used for motor sport, starting on Australia Day in 1947 when it held its first motor race meeting. In February there was an International Formula Libre race, which was attended by some European Formula 1 teams. BRM factory drivers Dan Gurney and Graham Hill finished first and second in the major race, the Victoria Trophy with Ron Flockhart third in a Cooper. On the night before the race Gurney's car was stolen from its hangar and driven into or hidden with, hay bales out on the track.

References

 Shire of Ballarat History

Other websites
Ballarat Aero Club 
Ballarat Aviation Museum 
Anson Museum
Heritage Victoria

Airports in Australia
Motor sports
Ballarat
Buildings and structures in Victoria, Australia
Mikawa Province

was an old province of Japan in the area of Aichi Prefecture on the island of Honshū.  It was also known as . 

Mikawa had borders with Owari, Mino, Shinano, and Tōtōmi Provinces.

History

In the Edo period, the Tōkaidō road was the main route between the Imperial capital at Kyoto and the main city of the Tokugawa Shogunate.  The road passed through Mikawa.

In the Meiji period, the provinces of Japan were converted into prefectures.  The maps of Japan and Mikawa Province were reformed in the 1870s.

Shrines and Temples
Toga jinja was the chief Shinto shrine (ichinomiya) of Mikawa.

Related pages
 Provinces of Japan
 Prefectures of Japan
 List of regions of Japan
 List of islands of Japan

References

Other websites 

  Murdoch's map of provinces, 1903

Former provinces of Japan
Aichi Prefecture]
Costa Concordia

MS Costa Concordia is a Concordia-class cruise ship. Costa Cruises, a subsidiary of British-American Carnival Corporation & Plc, owns and operates the ship.

Fincantieri's Sestri Ponente yards in Italy built the ship. The name Concordia was meant to express the wish for "continuing harmony, unity, and peace between European nations."

She is the first vessel of the Concordia ship class, with sisters Costa Serena, Costa Pacifica, Costa Favolosa, Costa Fascinosa and Carnival Splendor built for Carnival Cruise Lines. Costa Concordia entered service in July 2006 and was one of the largest ships to be built in Italy, at . The later Carnival Dream class weighed 130,000 GRT, and are also built in Fincantieri.

On 22 November 2008, Costa Concordia suffered damage to her bow when high winds over the Sicilian city of Palermo pushed the ship against its dock. There were no injuries and repairs started soon after.

On 13 January 2012, the Costa Concordia ran aground and partially sank on the western coast of Italy just off the shore of Isola del Giglio. Of the 4,200 passengers and crew, at least eleven people were killed, including ten passengers and one crew member and 23 still missing. The situation is still ongoing. People were angry with the ship's captain because he left the ship. He was supposed to stay on the ship and help the other passengers get off safely. The captain's "error" took the ship off of its programmed route.

References

Other websites 

2010s in Italy
2012 in Europe
2012 disasters
Cruise ships
Maritime disasters
Transport disasters in Europe
Owari Province

was an old province of Japan in the area of Aichi Prefecture on the island of Honshū. including much of modern Nagoya. It is also known as Bishū (尾州).

The ancient capital of Owari was near Inazawa

History

The province was created in 646.

In the Sengoku Period, Oda Nobunaga held Kiyosu Castle.

In the Edo period, the Tōkaidō road was the main route between the Imperial capital at Kyoto and the main city of the Tokugawa Shogunate. The road passed through Owari.

In the Meiji period, the provinces of Japan were converted into prefectures. The maps of Japan and Owari Province were reformed in the 1870s.

Geography
Owari and Mino provinces were separated by the Sakai River.

Shrines and Temples
Masumida jinja was the chief Shinto shrine (ichinomiya) of Owari.

Related pages
 Provinces of Japan
 Prefectures of Japan
 List of regions of Japan
 List of islands of Japan

References

Other websites 

 Murdoch's map of provinces, 1903

Former provinces of Japan
Aichi Prefecture
Barwon Heads Airport

Barwon Heads Airport  is a small airfield used only for light aircraft on the Bellarine Peninsula near the township of Barwon Heads, Victoria, Australia. It is mainly used for scenic tourist flights, private aircraft and flight training.

The airport is small and undeveloped. In 2008 five new hangars and new carparking was built.

The airport has a flight training school with two classrooms, fuel facilities and a seafood shop. There are showers and toilets in the terminal building. other facilities include a kitchen, snack and drink machines, and a lounge area.

The airport has two runways, the main one is a gravel north/south runway. There is a smaller east/west grass runway, mainly used by ultralight aircraft, and light aircraft in stronger wind conditions.

History
The owners of Barwon Heads Airport have tried to stop skydiving near the airport. They think the airport runway is too close to the proposed drop zones. In 2005, a ban was placed on skydiving near the airport. In 2008, airport owners said the company Skydive City was using an illegal runway 200 metres from the airport. Skydive City had been forced out of an airport hangar for not paying rent. Airport owners said the illegal runway was dangerous for airport users.

Other websites
 Runway layout and parking map

References

Airports in Australia
Buildings and structures in Victoria, Australia
Inna

Elena Alexandra Apostoleanu (born October 16, 1986) known as Inna is a singer from Romania. She became famous after the first single "Hot" in 2008. The song was a hit in 2009 and in 2010 in the United Kingdom, France and other countries from Europe. The first single to be #1 in Romania was "Amazing" (2009) and another hit is "Sun Is Up" (2010). In 2011 Inna and Flo Rida had a song "Club Rocker", it was not a success. She is famous in Mexico too. She has over 4,000,000 fans on Facebook and over 500,000,000 views on YouTube.

Life 
Inna was born as Elena Alexandra Apostoleanu on 16 October, 1986 in Neptun a town in Romania. The town is next to the Black Sea and Inna knows to swim very well. She was not the best student in highschool. She loved music and Christina Aguilera or Rihanna. In 2007/2008 she met Play & Win, three boys who write music. They recorded some songs that are not successful. She was in Eurovision Song Contest in 2008, but nobody knew her. The name Inna comes from her grandfather. He called her Inna but he died before she got famous. She lives with her bichon Bobo. She says she doesn't have a boyfriend.

Music 
Inna has two albums. In 2009 the first album "Hot" was out. The album had four singles: "Hot", "Love", "Amazing" and "10 Minutes". The second album is "I Am the Club Rocker" and it is from 2011 and it has 14 songs and singles: "Sun Is Up", "Club Rocker", "Un Momento" and "Endless".

Inna had tours. She went to: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, France, Greece, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Poland, Russia, Spain, Switzerland, Slovakia, Netherlands and the UK and to Mexico before her birthday in 2011. She had the biggest concert in Romania for a Romanian person since 2005, in May 2011. She planned to go to US in 2012.

She has over 10 music videos filmed in: Romania, Portugal, UK, France, Spain or Bulgaria.

Awards 
She won a lot of prizes including: 12 Romanian Music Awards, 2 MTV Europe Music Awards and 1 nomination at the NRJ Music Awards in France, 2011.

Charts 
In Romania: 5 TOP 10, 10 TOP 100 (1 #1)

In France: 5 TOP 10, 7 TOP 100

In Switzerland: 2 TOP 10, 5 TOP 75 (1 #1)

In UK: 1 TOP 10, 5 TOP 75 (1 #1, IN UK DANCE CHART)

In US: #1 – Dance Chart – "Hot", 2010

In Bulgaria: 4 TOP 10, 10 TOP 40 (1 #1)

In Spain: 1 TOP 10, 5 TOP 50 (1 #1)

In Belgium: 3 TOP 10, 7 TOP 50

In Holland: 3 TOP 19, 8 TOP 100

In Europe: 2 TOP 10, 4 TOP 100

The albums: "Hot" - #1 in: UK DANCE, Romania. "I Am the club rocker" only top 10 in Mexico.

References

Other websites 

Inna  Information at Ultra Records

1986 births
Living people
Romanian people
Singers
All's Well That Ends Well (album)

All's Well That Ends Well is the first album by American post-hardcore band Chiodos. It was released through Equal Vision Records in July 2005. Four music videos for the songs "One Day All Women Will Become Monsters", "The Words 'Best Friend' Become Redefined", "Baby, You Wouldn't Last a Minute on the Creek", and "All Nereids Beware" have been produced for the promotion of the album. The album has sold more than 200,000 copies as of 2008.

Track listing

Re-release Bonus Tracks
 "Baby, You Wouldn’t Last a Minute on the Creek" (Acoustic) – 4:39
 "Queen of Diamonds" (Live/Acoustic/Demo) – 2:17
 "Lindsay Quit Lollygagging" (Acoustic) – 3:57

Trivia
The song "One Day Women Will All Become Monsters" is a reference to Shakespeare's play King Lear. Many of the lyrics from the song as well as the title of the song are taken almost word for word from the play.
The song "To Trixie And Reptile, Thanks For Everything" is a reference to old girlfriends of band members Craig Owens and Bradley Bell
Craig Owens said that the song "Baby, You Wouldn't Last a Minute on the Creek" is about Craig wanting to quit the band, not about the end of a relationship like many people thought.
The song title "There's No Penguins in Alaska" was a fact from inside the cap of Snapple.
The end of the song "Baby, You Wouldn't Last A Minute On The Creek" is actually the first track, "Prelude", in reverse

Personnel
Chiodos
 Derrick Frost - drums
 Craig Owens - lead vocals
 Bradley Bell - keyboard, backing vocals
 Jason Hale - lead guitar
 Pat McManaman - rhythm guitar
 Matt Goddard - bass guitar

Production
Produced, Engineered and mixed by Marc Hudson
Mastered by Alan Douches, at West West Side Music, West New York / Tenafly, New Jersey
Art direction and design by Paul A. Romano (workhardened.com)

Charts
Album

References

Debut albums
2005 albums
Punk albums
Liz Bonnin

Liz Bonnin is a French television presenter. She was born on 16 September 1976 in France. She works for the BBC.

References 

1976 births
Living people
French television presenters
Rafael Cortez

Rafael de Faria Cortez (born October 25, 1976 in São Paulo, Brazil) is a Brazilian journalist, actor and comedian. He graduated in journalism from PUC-SP and since 2008 is a reporter the TV Show Custe o Que Custar.

References

Other websites

 
 
 

Brazilian actors
Comedians
Brazilian journalists
Living people
1976 births
São Paulo (state)
Custe o Que Custar

Custe o Que Custar (in English, Whatever it Takes, represented by the acronym CQC) is a Brazilian television comedy weekly frequency, produced by Eyeworks and aired by Rede Bandeirantes from March 17, 2008. It is presented by Marcelo Tas, you have in your bankroll Marco Luque and Rafinha Bastos. The reports are in charge of Rafael Cortez, Felipe Andreoli, Oscar Filho, Monica Iozzi and Mauricio Meirelles.

The format is a native of Argentina under the name Caiga Quien Caiga and appears that way since 1995 in the country by Telefe.

References

Other websites

 Official Site  
 

Brazilian television series
2008 television series debuts
2000s establishments in Brazil
Vibe (magazine)

Vibe is a music magazine that is published in the United States. Vibe was founded by Quincy Jones and focuses on rhythm and blues and hip-hop music singers. Vibe is published bi-monthly from New York City. As of 2007, Vibe has a circulation of 800,000. The Vibe Awards is aired annually, which began in 2003, on the UPN channel.

Sources

Other websites 
 
 Quincy Jones's oral history video excerpts at The National Visionary Leadership Project
 VX: Ten Years of Vibe Photography at Amazon.com.
 The Vibe History of Hip-Hop at Amazon.com.
 An interview with editor-in-chief Danyel Smith

Music magazines
Magazines published in New York City
Oscar Robertson

Oscar Palmer Robertson (born November 24, 1938) is a retired NBA basketball player.  His nickname is the Big "O". He played at the guard position for the Cincinnati Royals from 1960 to 1970 and for the Milwaukee Bucks from 1970 to 1974. He is in the NBA basketball's Hall of Fame.

Career highlights
Robertson won an NBA championship with the Bucks in 1971, and won the NBA's Most Valuable Player award in 1964. He was also named to the All-NBA First Team nine times, and was an NBA All-Star twelve times.

References

1938 births
Living people
Milwaukee Bucks players
National Basketball Association players with retired numbers
NBA 2K12

NBA 2K12 is an NBA basketball video game developed by Visual Concepts and made by 2KSports. It was released in October 2011 for Xbox 360, PlayStation 2, PlayStation 3, PlayStation Portable, Wii, Microsoft Windows, and for the first time, iOS. The thirteenth installment in the NBA 2K series, it is the successor to NBA 2K11 and the predecessor to NBA 2K13. For the first time in the series, three different covers are available. The three retired athletes are: Michael Jordan of the Chicago Bulls, Magic Johnson of the Los Angeles Lakers, and Larry Bird of the Boston Celtics. Jordan was also the cover athlete of the previous game. This was the last installment in the series to be released for the PlayStation 2.

2011 video games
Sports video games
Xbox 360 games
PlayStation 2 games
PlayStation 3 games
Wii games
PlayStation Portable games
Windows games
Sacramento River

The Sacramento River is a river in California in the United States. It flows through the Sacramento Valley in northern California, and is about  long. The Sacramento has many tributaries, including the Pit, Feather and American Rivers. Cities along the river include Redding and Sacramento.

Native people have inhabited the region for about 12,000 years. The Sacramento River's tributaries were the focus of the California Gold Rush, which brought many settlers to the area in the 1800s. Today, the river is used as a source of irrigation water and to produce hydroelectricity.

Tributaries
Cache Creek
Putah Creek
American River
Feather River
Bear River (Feather River)
Yuba River
Pit River
McCloud River

Related pages
Shasta Dam

Rivers of California
San Francisco Bay Area
Sacramento County, California
Contra Costa County, California
Solano County, California
Siskiyou County, California
Shasta County, California
Tehama County, California
Butte County, California
Glenn County, California
Colusa County, California
Sutter County, California
Yolo County, California
Central Valley of California
Sacramento, California
Mackenzie River

The Mackenzie River is a major river in northern Canada. It is named after famous explorer, Alexander Mackenzie. The river's watershed drains parts of Alberta, British Columbia, the Northwest Territories, Saskatchewan, and the Yukon. It flows north, for , from Great Slave Lake to the Arctic Ocean. There are only a few small towns on the river, including Fort Providence and Norman Wells. The river is used as a boat transport route during the ice-free summer.

Tributaries of the river include the Liard, Keele, Great Bear, Arctic Red and Peel Rivers. The Slave River, Peace River and Athabasca River provide most of the water in Great Slave Lake.

Rivers of Canada
Slave River

The Slave River is a river of Canada. It begins near Lake Athabasca, where the Peace River and Athabasca River join. Then it flows north into Great Slave Lake. The river's water drains into the Arctic Ocean via the Mackenzie River.

Rivers of Canada
Peace River (Canada)

The Peace River is a river of Canada. It starts in the mountains of British Columbia, flowing southeast and east into Alberta. There it turns northeast through the Canadian prairies. After a journey of  it joins with the Athabasca River, forming the Slave River.

Rivers of Canada
Mehi River

The Mehi River is in northern New South Wales, Australia. It begins at the manmade Tareelaroi Weir and runs into the Barwon River. The Mehi is  long. The Mehi River also runs runs through the major town of Moree.

The cotton growing industry gets a lot of its water from the Mehi River. The river is also used for leisure purposes. Water-sking and fishing are popular along the Mehi River.

References

Rivers of New South Wales
Broccoflower

Broccoflower is a vegetable. It is either of two plants of the species Brassica oleracea with light green heads.  The part that can be eaten is the young flower head (inflorescence) of the plant.

There are two forms of Brassica oleracea that can be called broccoflower. One is shaped like regular cauliflower. The other has a spiky appearance. They have a color like that of broccoli.

Vegetables
Brassicaceae
Michael Foot

Michael Foot (23 July 1913 – 3 March 2010) was a British Labour Party politician, journalist and author. 

Foot was born in Plymouth, Devon. He studied Philosophy, Politics and Economics at University of Oxford. He was a journalist from the late 1930s until the early 1960s.

He was a Member of Parliament from 1945–1955 and from 1960–1992. He was deputy leader of the Labour Party from 1976–1980 and Leader of the Opposition from 1980–1983. 

Foot was married to writer Jill Craigie (1911–1999) from 1949 until her death. He was an atheist. 

Foot died at home in Hampstead, north London, on 3 March 2010, aged 96.

References

Other websites 

1913 births
2010 deaths
Alumni of the University of Oxford
Democratic socialists
English atheists
English journalists
English politicians
Former Labour Party (UK) MPs
Former members of the British House of Commons for English constituencies
Former members of the British House of Commons for Welsh constituencies
Leaders of the Labour Party (UK)
Leaders of the Opposition (United Kingdom)
People from Plymouth
Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom
Secretaries of State of the United Kingdom
UK MPs 1945–1950
UK MPs 1950–1951
UK MPs 1951–1955
UK MPs 1959–1964
UK MPs 1964–1966
UK MPs 1966–1970
UK MPs 1970–1974
UK MPs 1974
UK MPs 1974–1979
UK MPs 1979–1983
UK MPs 1983–1987
UK MPs 1987–1992
Pícara Sonhadora

Pícara Sonhadora is a Brazilian historical telenovela. It was first shown in 2001. The series starred Bianca Rinaldi, Petrônio Gontijo, Karina Bacchi, Vanessa Vholker, Serafim Gonzalez, Mariana du Bois and Luis Carlos de Moraes.

Cast

References

Other websites
 

2001 television series debuts
Telenovelas
Brazilian television series
2000s establishments in Brazil
Final Doom

Final Doom is a 1996 first-person shooter video game. It has two 32-level episodes: TNT: Evilution by Team TNT, and The Plutonia Experiment by Dario and Milo Casali. The game is also available on the PlayStation, including the Doom 2 expansion pack Master Levels of Doom II.

Doom series
1996 video games

de:Doom#Final Doom