cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Ernst Stavro Blofeld

Ernst Stavro Blofeld is a fictional character and a supervillain from the James Bond series. He was created by Ian Fleming. His mission is world domination. He was born in Poland. He is known for having a scar on his eye, for wearing his grey suit and for having a pet cat. Blofeld is head of the global criminal organization SPECTRE and is commonly referred to as Number 1. 

Blofeld appears or is heard in three novels: Thunderball; On Her Majesty's Secret Service; and You Only Live Twice. He was famously played by Donald Pleasence in You Only Live Twice (1967) and by Christoph Waltz in Spectre (2015) and No Time to Die (2021).

Some of Blofeld's characteristics have become popular as a supervillain in fiction and media. It includes the parodies Dr. Claw (and his pet, M.A.D. Cat) from the Inspector Gadget animated series (1983–86), and Dr. Evil (and his cat Mr. Bigglesworth) from the Austin Powers movie series (1997–2002).

References

Characters in written fiction
Fictional characters introduced in the 1960s
Fictional criminals
Fictional European people
Bond villains
René Hausman

René Hausman (21 February 1936 – 28 April 2016) was a Belgian comic book writer and artist. He was best known for his dark fairy-tales and drawings. He was born in Verviers, Belgium. His best known work is Laïyna. In 1995, he was made an honorary citizen of the city of Durbuy. He created more than 500 drawings for the magazine. His drawings are about animals and local folklore. It earned him the nickname "Bard of the Ardennes".

Hausman died on 28 April 2016 in Antwerp, Belgium from heart failure, aged 80.

References

Other websites

Biography at Comiclopedia
Biography at Dupuis 

1936 births
2016 deaths
Belgian artists
Belgian writers
Deaths from heart failure
People from Verviers
Chen Zhongshi

Chen Zhongshi (; 3 August 1942 – 29 April 2016) was a Chinese author. He started writing in 1965. His best known work is White Deer Plain which was published in 1993. He won the Mao Dun Literature Prize in 1997. 

In 1966, Chen joined the Chinese Communist Party. He was interested in writing and soon began to work on a writing career. In 1979, he became a member of the Chinese Writers Association.

Chen died in Xi'an, Shaanxi from oral cancer on 29 April 2016, aged 73.

Related pages
List of Chinese writers

References

1942 births
2016 deaths
Deaths from oral cancer
Chinese writers
Renato Corona

Renato Tirso Antonio Coronado Corona (October 15, 1948 – April 29, 2016) was a Filipino jurist. He was the 23rd Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines. He served as chief from 2010 until his resignation in 2012.

Early life
Corona was born on October 15, 1948 in the Santa Ana area of Manila. He studied at Ateneo de Manila University, at Harvard University and at the University of Santo Tomas.

Career
He served as an Associate Justice after being appointed by President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo on April 9, 2002. He was appointed as Chief Justice on May 12, 2010 after the retirement of Chief Justice Reynato Puno.

Corona was a law professor and member of the Cabinet under two Presidents, Fidel V. Ramos and Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo, before being appointed to the court.

Impeachment
On December 12, 2011, he was impeached by the House of Representatives. On May 29, 2012, he was found guilty by the Senate of violating some laws of the Constitution of the Philippines. He resigned as a result.

Death
Corona died on April 29, 2016 at The Medical City in Pasig due to complications of a heart attack, aged 67. He suffered from kidney disease.

References

Other websites
 Was Corona Honest?: An Interactive Properties Map of Chief Justice Renato Corona's Asset Declarations  on Rappler.com
 Special Coverage of the Corona Trial on Rappler.com 
 Justice Renato C. Corona (Official Supreme Court Webpage) 
 Corona is next SC chief, www.mb.com.ph 12 May 2010
The Articles of Impeachment against Chief Justice Renato C. Corona

1948 births
2016 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Filipino lawyers
Chief Justices of the Supreme Court of the Philippines
People from Manila
Punggol LRT Line

The Punggol LRT Line is the third line of the LRT system in Singapore. Its first phase comprises a 10.3 km line with 15 stations.

The Punggol LRT Line serves the residents in the town and urban planning area of Punggol.

Punggol LRT station, the centerpiece of the line, is located directly above the Punggol MRT station, thus linking up the Punggol LRT Line to the MRT (Mass Rapid Transit) system that spans the entire island of Singapore.

History 
Plans for the Punggol LRT Line were drawn up and announced in January 1999 with the development of Punggol New Town.

Construction began in June 2000 by a consortium comprising SembCorp Industries, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries and Mitsubishi Corporation, at a cost of S$354 million. Construction of the first phase was completed in June 2004, and underwent testing by the Land Transport Authority. The system was handed over to SBS Transit on 1 December 2004, who conducted more trial runs and staff training before the opening of the East Loop on 29 January 2005. The West Loop opened on 29 June 2014.

Timeline
29 January 2005: Line opened on East Loop except Oasis and Damai
15 November 2007: Oasis (PE6) Opened.
20 June 2011: Damai (PE7) Opened. East Loop become bidirectional whole day.
29 June 2014: West Loop opened between Nibong (PW5) and Soo Teck (PW7), in unidirectional manner.
29 February 2016: Sam Kee (PW1) opened.

Stations
There are 15 Stations on this line, in the future we will have North Loop (PN) in the future. The 'PE' means Punggol LRT East Loop.

Punggol (PTC/NE17), Interchange with North East Line

East Loop (PE)
Cove (PE1)

Meridian (PE2)

Coral Edge (PE3)

Riviera (PE4)

Kadaloor (PE5)

Oasis (PE6)

Damai (PE7)

West Loop
Sam Kee (PW1)

Teck Lee (PW2), Station Not in Service

Punggol Point (PW3)

Samudera (PW4)

Nibong (PW5)

Sumang (PW6)

Soo Teck (PW7)

Improvements 
On 31 October 2012, LTA announced that by 2016, Sengkang and Punggol LRT systems will be upgraded to a two-car system for the 41 existing train cars, allowing double the number of passengers to board at any one time. Each train car can take up to 105 passengers. 16 more train-cars will also be procured. This will bring the total fleet size to 57 train-cars. Hence, there is also the need to modify the signalling and communication system.

Rolling stock 
Trains operating on the line are Mitsubishi Crystal Movers (C810) manufactured by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries. These trains operate from the Sengkang Depot which serves maintenance and train overhaul facilities for trains along the Sengkang and Punggol LRT lines.

Related pages
Light Rail Transit (Singapore)
Bukit Panjang LRT Line
Sengkang LRT Line

References 

Light Rail Transit (Singapore)
Doomsday (comics)

Doomsday is a fictional supervillain appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. He is a Superman villain. Doomsday was first shown in 1992. He made his first full appearance in Superman: The Man of Steel that same year.

The character was created by writer-artist Dan Jurgens, who wanted to create a villain who could be a physical challenge for Superman. IGN's list of the Top 100 Comic Book Villains of All Time ranked Doomsday as #46. He is best known as the character who "killed" Superman.

The character appears in the 2016 movie Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice, voiced and performed by Robin Atkin Downes through motion-capture.

References

Superman
DC Comics supervillains
Fictional mass murderers
Fictional characters introduced in 1992
Bras Basah MRT station

Bras Basah MRT Station (CC2) is an MRT Station in Singapore. It is along the Circle MRT Line. 

The station is located near Singapore Art Museum and a few minutes walk to National Museum of Singapore.

Prior to the opening of the station, it was supposed to be called Museum.

Following Stations
Previous: Dhoby Ghaut (CC1/NS24/NE6)Next: Esplanade (CC3)

Mass Rapid Transit (Singapore) stations
Pasir Ris MRT station

Pasir Ris MRT station (EW1/CR5) is an above-ground Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) station on the East West line in Pasir Ris, Singapore. The station serves as a terminus for the East West MRT Line. It was the first station to be fitted with platform screen doors.

History
This station opened on 16 December 1989, and it was one of the last to open along the East West MRT line. On 1 November 2009, platform screen doors were installed along with Jurong East as part of a trial programme.

Incidents
The Pasir Ris rail accident was a train accident that occurred on 22 March 2016, at the track switch on the East West MRT Line. A C151 train ran into two SMRT Trains trainee track workers at around 60 km/h, which resulted in their deaths. The two deceased workers were working on a track signalling issue at that time as part of a team of 15 track personnel. This incident was "the worst train accident" in Singapore MRT's history.

SMRT Trains and one SMRT management staff were charged for violating the Workplace Safety and Health Act that led to this accident, and were fined $400,000 and $55,000 respectively. The SMRT engineer who led the track team at the scene of the accident was dismissed from SMRT Trains and charged with negligence causing death under the Penal Code.

Related pages
Mass Rapid Transit (Singapore)

References

Other websites

 

Mass Rapid Transit (Singapore) stations
1989 establishments in Singapore
Punggol MRT/LRT station

Punggol MRT/LRT Station (NE17/PTC) is an MRT and LRT Station in Singapore. It is an interchange station between North East MRT Line and Punggol LRT Line. These are connected with MRT/LRT stations around the Punggol area. 

The station opened on 20 June 2003. It is the terminus station along the North East MRT Line. Waterway Point is located nearby.

Light Rail Transit (Singapore) stations
Mass Rapid Transit (Singapore) stations
Sengkang MRT/LRT station

Sengkang MRT/LRT Station  is a railway station in Sengkang, north-east Singapore. It is an interchange station between the North East MRT Line and Sengkang LRT Line. The station is integrated with Compass One.

Timeline
18 January 2003: Station opened along Sengkang LRT Line East Loop
20 June 2003: North East Line opened
29 January 2005: Sengkang LRT Line West Loop opened in 1 direction
1 January 2013: Sengkang LRT Line West Loop became full-day 2-directional

Light Rail Transit (Singapore) stations
Mass Rapid Transit (Singapore) stations
Sengkang
Summer school

Summer school (or summer university) is a school or a program usually sponsored by a school or a school district. It provides lessons and activities during the summer vacation.

United States
In the United States, high school, college or university students can enroll in summer school for credit. Generally, this credit is in one of two categories: remediation or advancement. For remediation, the summer school is used to make up credits lost through absence or failure. For advancement, the summer school is used to obtain credit for classes to accelerate progress toward a degree or to lessen the load of courses during the regular school year. Many universities offer short-term summer courses to attract both local and international students, and these programs are often surrounded by social activities.

United Kingdom
In the United Kingdom, Lite Regal summer school which is based in Cambridge provides teaching for 13 to 18 year olds for courses on medical preparation, law preparation etc. Currently last summer and this summer they have students from 50 + nationalities staying and learning courses in Cambridge University.

References

Education
Schools
Superb fairy-wren

The superb fairy-wren (Malurus cyaneus), also known as the blue wren, is a passerine bird of the family Maluridae. It is common and familiar across southeastern Australia. 

Each pair has a territory, also shows obvious sexual dimorphism. The male in breeding plumage has a striking bright blue forehead, ear coverts, mantle, and tail, with a black mask and black or dark blue throat. However, non-breeding males, females and juveniles are mostly grey-brown in colour. 

Like other fairy-wrens, it has several peculiar behavioural characteristics. The birds are socially monogamous but sexually promiscuous. They form pairs between one male and one female, but each partner will mate with other individuals and even assist in raising the young from such pairings. Male wrens pluck yellow petals and display them to females as part of a courtship display.

The superb fairy-wren can be found in almost any area that has at least a little dense undergrowth for shelter, including grasslands with scattered shrubs, moderately thick forest, woodland, heaths, and domestic gardens. It has adapted well to the urban environment and is common in suburban Sydney, Canberra and Melbourne. The superb fairy-wren eats mostly insects and supplements its diet with seeds.

References 

Passeri
Fernvale LRT Station

Fernvale LRT Station  is an LRT station in Singapore. It is a station along Sengkang LRT Line. It is on the West Loop. Fernvale is the only station along the Sengkang LRT Line which uses side platforms.

Timeline
29 January 2005: Station opened

Following Stations
Previous: Thanggam (SW4)Next: Layar (SW6)

References

Light Rail Transit (Singapore) stations
Sengkang
Damai LRT Station

Damai LRT Station is an LRT station in Singapore. It is along the Punggol LRT Line East Loop.

Timeline
20 June 2011: Station opened

Following Stations
Previous: Oasis (PE6)Next: Punggol (PTC/NE17)

Light Rail Transit (Singapore) stations
Merve Kavakçı

Merve Safa Kavakçı (born 19 August 1968, Ankara) is Turkish politician, who was elected as a Virtue Party deputy for Istanbul on April 18, 1999.

Works
Kavakci is the Director of Postcolonial Studies Research Center (PAMER) at Uskudar University. She is also an Associate Professor of Political Science and International Relations. Kavakçı is a Hafiz-al Qur'an. She received her master's degree from Harvard University and her PhD from Howard University. Kavakçı is currently a professor at George Washington University and Howard University in Washington D.C. She is the mother of two, Fatima Abushanab, 21 and Mariam Kavakci, 20.
Kavakçı is a consultant for U.S. Congress on the Muslim world and a columnist for Turkish conservative daily Yeni Akit newspaper.

She is the author of Headscarf Politics in Turkey: A Postcolonial Reading, and five other books some of which are translated to Arabic and Persian. She is the editor author of International Relations in the Global Village: Changing Interdependencies.
Her most recent book is The Unnamed Coup at Scarfless Democarcy (Basortusuz Demokrasi’de Adi Konmamis Darbe). A book on her political life The Day Turkey Stood Still: Merve Kavakci's Walk in to the Turkish Parliament authored by American author Richard Peres was recently released.

Awards
Kavakçı is recognized among the World's Most Influential 500 Muslims. She was recognized among "Women of Excellence" by NAACP and GWU in 2004. She was awarded the Public Service Award in Tribute and in Recognition of efforts for the advancement of human rights and Muslim Women's empowerment by International Association for Women and Children in 2000. She was awarded Service to Humanity Award by Haus Der Kulturellen Aktivität und Toleranz in Vienna, Austria in 1999. She was granted Mother of the Year Award by Capital Platform of Ankara and National Youth Organization in 1999.

Family
She is married and has two children.

References

Other websites
 Muslim Girl Style 

1968 births
Living people
Politicians from Ankara
Harvard University alumni
Mediacorp Channel 8

MediaCorp Channel 8 is a television channel in Singapore. It is owned by MediaCorp. 

The Chinese language channel was launched in 1963. It broadcasts news, dramas and variety shows. It operates 24 hours a day, every day. It used to be SBC 8. The channel shows programs from Singapore, Taiwan and China.

Television channels in Asia
Singaporean culture
Promiscuity

Promiscuity is the practice of having casual sex frequently with different partners. In cultures where sexual activity happens only in exclusive committed relationships, promiscuity is criticized as a bad activity. A common example of behavior viewed as promiscuous is a one-night stand.

What sexual behavior is considered promiscuous varies between cultures, as does the frequency of promiscuity. A study published in 2005 found that promiscuous men and women are judged equally harshly. A recent poll showed that both genders tend to express strong preference for sexually conservative partners. However, later studies show evidence for a double standard.

Promiscuity is common in many animal species. Some species have promiscuous mating systems, ranging from polyandry and polygyny to mating systems with no stable relationships. Many species form stable pair bonds, but still mate with other individuals outside the pair.

References 

Sexuality
List of Singapore LRT stations

Below is a list of all Light Rail Transit (LRT) systems in Singapore. 

The LRT systems are intra-town loops, shuttle services, or both. The routes may not run in sequence of the stations' alpha-numeric codes.

LRT stations

References

Other websites 
 Train System Map

Rail transport lists
Irena Sendler

Irena Stanisława Sendler (15 February 1910 – 12 May 2008) was a nurse and social worker in Warsaw, Poland. During World War II, when Poland was occupied by Nazis, she took about 2,500 Jewish children out of Poland with help from other members of the Żegota (pl) (The Polish Council to Aid Jews). She was caught, and the Nazis tortured her.

The Nazis were planning on killing her, but she avoided death.

References

Other websites

Victims of Nazism
Nurses
Polish people
Righteous Among the Nations
Carles Puigdemont

Carles Puigdemont i Casamajó (born 29 December 1962) was the President of Catalonia. His party, Democratic Convergence of Catalonia (Convergència Democràtica de Catalunya, CDC) won the elections in 2016.

Removal
His status as President is a matter of dispute following Catalonia's declaration of independence from Spain on 27 October 2017. From the perspective of the Government of Catalonia, he remains Catalan President. From the perspective of the Government of Spain, he was removed from office by Prime Minister Mariano Rajoy on 28 October 2017. Puigdemont did not recognize his removal from office, stating that he will "work to build a free country".

On 30 October 2017, Puigdemont fled to Belgium in a move to avoid action from the Spanish judiciary. A month later, he was re-elected to the Parliament.

Arrest
On 2 November, Spanish courts issued an European Arrest Warrant against Puigdemont and four other cabinet members to Belgian authorities. Two days later, they turned themselves in to the Belgian police. Hours later, he was released.

On 25 March 2018, while returning to Brussels from a trip to Finland, Puigdemont was stopped near the Danish border with Germany and arrested pursuant to the European warrant that had been reissued against him two days previously. On 5 April 2018, the Oberlandesgericht in the German state of Schleswig-Holstein ruled that Puigdemont would not be extradited on the charges of rebellion, and released him on bail.

Notes

References

1962 births
Living people
Journalists
Presidents of the Government of Catalonia
Hurricane Odile

Hurricane Odile was a hurricane (tropical cyclone) that happened in mid-September 2014. It made landfall in the Mexican state of Baja California Sur. On September 15, 2014, Odile damaged several luxury resorts in Cabo San Lucas. Parts of several hotels collapsed and about 135 people were injured. Fifteen people were killed in the storm. At the time of the damage it had wind speeds of 140 miles per hour. Damage from Odile was 16.6 billion Mexican pesos ($1.22 billion in 2014 US dollars).

The name Odile was later retired. It was replaced with Odalys for the 2020 Pacific hurricane season.

References

Hurricanes in Mexico
2014 in weather
Hurricanes in the United States
2014 in the United States
2010s in Texas
2010s in Mexico
House of Fortune

House of Fortune () is a Singaporean drama television series. It is produced and shown on Mediacorp Channel 8. It began its run from 19 January 2016. There are 20 episodes. It stars Zhu Houren, Thomas Ong, Kym Ng, Tong Bing Yu, Yao Wenlong, Xiang Yun, Shane Pow, Ya Hui, Bonnie Loo and Sora Ma as the main characters. The series revolves around a creative director and his wife, who are beset by financial trouble and move in with an elderly relative, with their eye on his bungalow. With the same goal in mind, his sister and her failed songwriter husband move in too and vie for control of the house.

Cast
Zhu Houren as Qian Laoshi
Thomas Ong as Qian Renjie
Kym Ng as Qian Meiling
Tong Bing Yu as Luo Shuping
Yao Wenlong as Wu Guolun
Xiang Yun as Chen Xiulian
Shane Pow as Bai Zhengyu
Ya Hui as Wu Xixi
Bonnie Loo as Qian Ningning
Aden Tan as Wu Jiaming
Sora Ma as Hu Simin
Daren Tan as Bobby
Bukoh Mary as May
Wendy Tseng as Mary
Nico Chua as Helen
Ong Ai Leng as Gao Lishen
Zen Chong as Henry
Anthony Png as Lawrence

References

Singaporean television programs
Chinese language
2010s television series
Drama television series
Peace & Prosperity

Peace & Prosperity (Chinese: 富贵平安) is a Singaporean drama television series. It is produced and shown on Mediacorp Channel 8. It began its run from 4 April 2016. There are 170 episodes. It stars Xiang Yun, Desmond Tan, Julie Tan, Zhang Wei, Belinda Lee, Tong Bing Yu, Dawn Yeoh, Tracy Lee, Michelle Wong, Terence Cao, Ben Yeo, Jeffrey Xu, Romeo Tan, Shane Pow, Marcus Chin, Lin Meijiao, Yao Wenlong, Ling Xiao, Jayley Woo, Zhu Houren, Priscelia Chan and Seraph Sun as the main characters. The story revolves around the lives of the Huang family who have been running a TCM (traditional Chinese medicine) clinic for three generations. The family-run business is searching for its next successor, as the young generation of Huangs are not interested in TCM and have yet to prove themselves capable of running the business.

Cast
Xiang Yun as Shen Ping An
Desmond Tan as Hong Yingxiong
Julie Tan as Huang Zihong
Zhang Wei as Huang Datong
Belinda Lee as Huang Ziting
Tong Bing Yu as Huang Zishan
Dawn Yeoh as Huang Zijun
Tracy Lee as Huang Ziyu
Michelle Wong as Huang Zixin
Terence Cao as He Sheng
Romeo Tan as Lan Baojie
Ben Yeo as Bryan Li
Jeffrey Xu as Lu Xiaoqiang
Shane Pow as Huang Zihao
Marcus Chin as Huang Yuanhao
Lin Meijiao as Lin Shuzhi
Yao Wenlong as Xiao Tiantian
Ling Xiao as Xiao Fangfang
Jayley Woo as Megan Yeo
Zhu Houren as Ouyang Yixiu
Priscelia Chan as Ouyang Fengying
Seraph Sun as Xu Cuihua

References

Singaporean television programs
Chinese language
2010s television series
Drama television series
Katur Dynasty

The Katur dynasty ruled the ancient kingdom of Chitral and parts of the Hindukush region Afghanistan. The name mehtar or mitar is used for the ruler in ancient Erina language.

History of Afghanistan
History of Pakistan
Golden Temple

The Golden Temple, or Golden Gurudwara is the holiest shrine of Sikhs. It was built in late 16th century by Sri Guru Arjan Dev ji
, and a copy of the Sikh scripture was placed inside the Gurudwara in 1604. Its sanctum walls were covered in marble and the dome was decorated with gold foil by Maharaja Ranjit Singh in the 19th century. More than 100,000 people visit this monument every month

Sackhkhand Sri Harmandir Sahib is the official and original name of the Golden Temple.[1] It is in the city of Amritsar, Punjab, India. The Gurudwara is surrounded by a sacred pool called "sarover"and group of buildings important to the Sikh religion. The complex is the most important pilgrimage site in Sikhism and it is also called Sri Darbar Sahib. One of these buildings in the complex is the Sri Akal Takht, the highest religious authority for Khalsa Sikhs. Another building is the langar, where a free simple vegetarian meal is served to all without any discrimination. The Gurudwara is a place of worship for men and women from all walks of life and all religions to come and worship God. The four entrances (representing the four directions) to get into the Harmandir Sahib also symbolise the openness of the Sikhs towards all people and religions.

The present-day gurdwara was rebuilt in 1764 by Jassa Singh Ahluwalia with the help of other Sikh Misls. In the early nineteenth century, Maharaja Ranjit Singh founded the Sikh Empire and covered the upper floors of the gurdwara with gold, which gives it its distinctive appearance and its English name.[10] It contains the  Sri Guru Granth Sahib ji, the Sikh scripture. On 4th July 1955, Indian Army entered the complex wearing shoes and caused destruction in the complex. Also, in June 1984 the Golden Temple complex was blown apart by tanks, snipers, grenades and rocket launchers by the Indian military and government and Sri Akal Takht Sahib was destroyed and then rebuilt later. It was once again attacked at a smaller scale by the Punjab Police, National Security Guard and Border Security Force in 1986 as part of Operation Black Thunder 1 from April-July 1986 and Operation Black Thunder 2 in May 1988.

References 

Sikhism
Temples
Punjab, India
Dover MRT station

Dover MRT Station (EW22) is an MRT Station in Singapore. It is part of the East West MRT Line. The station was opened on 18 October 2001. It is the first MRT station to be built over an existing MRT line and hence it had 2 Side platforms instead of the normal Island platform.

The station is near Singapore Polytechnic.

The station code was W7A. In July 2001 it was changed to EW22.

References

Other websites
 

Mass Rapid Transit (Singapore) stations
Joo Koon MRT station

Joo Koon MRT Station (EW29) is a MRT Station in Singapore. It is along the East West MRT Line. It was the terminus station until the Tuas West extension is completed. The station code was originally W14 before the opening.

However every alternate trains will still terminate here despite the opening of the TWE. The other half of the westbound train will then proceed to Tuas after Joo Koon.

History
This station was announced in 2004. Construction began on May 2006 and was completed in 28 February 2009.

Joo Koon rail accident
The Joo Koon rail accident occurred on 15 November 2017, when two trains met into accident causing 36 injuries. The stationary train was in the process of being detrained due to a train fault. This incident is the second train collision in Singapore MRT's history, after the Clementi rail accident in 1993. Both trains were operating under the recently installed Thales SelTrac CBTC signalling system at time of incident, and the Minister of Transport Khaw Boon Wan expressed that he was "disturbed" by an initial finding that a "critical safety software" was inadvertently removed from the stationary train, possibly due to a malfunctioning signalling circuit, had led to the accident.

References

Mass Rapid Transit (Singapore) stations
Super Elastic Bubble Plastic

Super Elastic Bubble Plastic was the brand name for a children's toy. It was made from the 1970s through the 80s by Wham-O. The bubbles contained polyvinyl acetate dissolved in acetone. They also had ethyl acetate added. The acetone evaporated when the bubbles were inflated through a drinking straw. This left behind a solid plastic film. They were also highly flammable. The product was dangerous to children if spilled. It also gave off noxious fumes. The fumes could become concentrated inside the straw, making it dangerous to inhale through the straw while inflating a bubble. The toy was not recommended for children under 5. Because of these problems, Super Elastic Bubble Plastic was eventually discontinued.

References 

Toys
Expo MRT station

Expo MRT Station (CG1/DT35) is an MRT Station in Singapore. It  is an interchange station along the East West MRT Line and Downtown MRT Line. It is located near the Singapore Expo.

History
The station was opened 10 January 2001 for the East West Line and on 21 October 2017 for the Downtown line. It was originally named Somapah. This station was the last station to use the old MRT station coding, E13 before it eventually phased out on 31 July 2001.

The station has been connected from the East West Line to the Downtown Line through the former public underpass from 2001 to 2011. Exit A is a unpaid linkway from the East West Line to the Downtown Line.

Design
The station is designed with a titanium structure and a cantilevered roof with a modern, space-age look.

References

Mass Rapid Transit (Singapore) stations
2001 establishments in Asia
2000s establishments in Singapore
Papanasam, Tirunelveli

Papanasam is a town in Tirunelveli district. This town is where the Thamirabarani River rises. In one of Papanasam's temples, a ritual is held to wash away sins. People throw the clothes they wear into the Thamirabarani River. The movie acted by Kamalahaasan was shot in and named Papanasam.

Tirunelveli district
Chandragupta Maurya

Chandragupta Maurya was the founder of the Maurya Empire in ancient India. He was born in a humble family, was picked up, taught and counselled by Chanakya (also known as Kautilya) – a Hindu Brahmin who wrote the Arthashastra. Together, Chandragupta and Chanakya built one of the largest empires on the Indian subcontinent. 

Chandragupta Maurya defeated Seleucus I Nicator, one of the successful satrapies of Alexander the Great and married Seleucus I Nicator daughter Helena . He was the ruler until 297 BC. He became a Jain monk and died at Shravanabelagola of Karnataka in the same year. 

Emperors and empresses
Indian monarchs

Maurya Empire
Teesta River

The Teesta River (or Tista) is a river in the Indian state of Sikkim. It is  long.

Course 
The Teesta river starts at Pahunri glacier, and flows south through rapids in the Sikkim Himalaya. The river goes by the town of Rangpo. It changes course southwards flowing into West Bengal, before joining the Brahmaputra River.

Sikkim
Rivers of West Bengal
LACSA

LACSA was/is the flag carrier of Costa Rica. Pan Am founded the airline on October 17, 1945. The first flight was on June 1, 1946. In 1992, TACA Airlines bought 86% of LACSA. Most of LACSA's planes were repainted in the TACA Airlines paint-job. The original LACSA stopped flying in 2014. However, the new LACSA is now a subsidiary of Avianca.

Gallery

References

1945 establishments in North America
Airlines of North America
San José, Costa Rica
Rangpo

Rangpo is a town in East Sikkim in the Indian state of Sikkim. The town borders West Bengal. It is on the Teesta river. All vehicles entering Sikkim have to stop here.

Industrialization 
 
Rangpo is now the center for almost all the pharmaceutical companies. The town is one of the fastest growing towns in the state.

Settlements in Sikkim
Towns in India
Tampines MRT station

Tampines MRT station (EW2/DT32) is a Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) interchange station on the Downtown line and East West line in Tampines, Singapore. The station is close to Tampines Bus Interchange and the new Tampines Concourse Bus Interchange. It is also one of the few interchange stations where the MRT lines are not connected.

In Tampines, the other two stations are Tampines West and Tampines East.

At Tampines MRT Station (DTL), the passenger service centre (control station) is only available at the exit to Tampines Bus Interchange. While preparing for the closure of the station at overnight, passengers are not allowed to use Tampines Concourse faregates, and the shutters at the Tampines Concourse will be closed first, following by shuttering the bus interchange entrance.

History
The station was opened on 16 December 1989. The Downtown Line Stage 3 station started construction in September 2011 and completed on 21 October 2017.

Incidents
On August 8, 2003, a train travelling towards Boon Lay lost traction current at 10.13 pm and could not move along the track between Pasir Ris and Tampines. An empty train was used to push the train towards Tampines and service resumed at 10.35 pm. The same issue occured 21 minutes later and it was only fixed shortly before the end of the train service.

On 7 May 2007, a man in his 50s hit his head against a train that was entering the station and got his foot was stuck in the platform gap. Train services towards Boon Lay were disrupted for about 8 minutes.

On 21 January 2008, a maintenance works train which was carrying out repairs between Tampines and Simei broke down. It caused a service disruption from the start of service until 12.45pm and affected 57,000 passengers.

Exits
There are several exits in Tampines MRT Station. However, some will not be linked together when Downtown Line opens in 2017. Station name with respective exits signs have been put up for Tampines station for the Downtown Line in August 2017 therefore there are 7 exits for the entire station with letters ranging from A to G.

East West Line:

A: Eastlink Mall , Tampines Bus Interchange, Transfer to Downtown Line
B: Tampines 1
C: Tampines Mall, Century Square

Downtown Line:

D: Eastlink Mall, Tampines Bus Interchange, Transfer to East West Line Concourse
E: Tampines Concourse Bus Interchange, Tampines Concourse
F: Tampines Bus Interchange, Tampines Central 1, Our Tampines Hub
G: Lift access for Exit F

Services and Connections
The East West Line provides connection from Tampines to Simei and Pasir Ris as feeder services besides a major throughfare to Tuas Link, Joo Koon, city, Expo and Changi Airport. The Downtown Line provides connection from Tampines to Tampines West and Tampines East stations as feeder services besides a major thoroughfare to the city and Bukit Panjang.

Tampines station is connected to Tampines Bus Interchange and there are a lot of bus services that provides connection to other parts of Singapore.

Former codes
Formerly the code was: E11

Related pages
Mass Rapid Transit (Singapore)

References

Other websites

 

Mass Rapid Transit (Singapore) stations
1989 establishments in Singapore
Karaikal district

Karaikal district is one of the 4 districts of the Puducherry union territory. It is the 2nd biggest district of the union territory after the Puducherry district. The capital is Karaikal port city. The district is made of communes Kottucherry, Nedungadu, Thirunallar, Neravy and Thirumalairajanpattinam.

The Karaikal district formed an integral part of the Pallava kingdom in the 8th century. Thirunallar Saniswaran Temple and Karaikal Ammaiyar Temple can be found in the district.

The rivers Arasalar, Veerasolan River, Kodamurutti River, Kaveri River's other tributaries reach the sea here. The Karaikal Port is one of the biggest in South India. The Karaikal Airport is being constructed. It will be the first airport built entirely with private capital.

Districts of India
Puducherry
Karaikal District
Palm-leaf manuscript

In Southeast Asia, Palm leaves were used as a material to write on. Their use is known in the 5th century BC, but may have started earlier. To prepare them for writing, palm leaves are cooked, dried, and polished. Due to the nature of palm leaves, the manuscripts use "landscape format". These leaves are between  and  wide, but only  to  high. 

Old manuscripts are prone to putrefaction, and they are commonly consumed by silverfish.

Writing media
Putrefaction

Putrefaction is a natural process of decay. Microorganisms break down organic materials. Usually it occurs after the death of a plant or an animal. The process consists of many steps. The total time it takes is dependent on various factors, such as the availability of oxygen.

Putrefaction involves fermentation. Putrefaction is important, because elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur which are bound in the dead matter are converted into a form that is usable by plants.

Death
Biology
Teck Whye LRT Station

Teck Whye LRT Station (BP4) is an LRT station in Singapore. It is along the Bukit Panjang LRT Line. It was opened on 6 November 1999. The station is near ITE College West.

Former Codes
Formerly the code was: A4 (1999 - 2001)

Following Stations
Previous: Keat Hong (BP3)Next: Phoenix (BP5)

Light Rail Transit (Singapore) stations
Oasis LRT Station

Oasis LRT Station (PE6) is an LRT station in Singapore. It is along the Punggol LRT Line.

Timeline
15 June 2007: Station opened

Following Stations
Previous: Kadaloor (PE5)Next: Damai (PE7)

Light Rail Transit (Singapore) stations
EDHEC Business School

EDHEC Business School is a European higher studies establishment. The school is in 5 places, in Paris, Lille and Nice, France, in the United Kingdom (London) and in Singapore. It was created in 1906.

EDHEC specializes in the fields of economics, finance and management.

References

Other websites 
 EDHEC website

Education in France
Lille
1906 establishments
Johann Ambrosius Bach

Johann Ambrosius Bach (22 February 1645 – ) was a German musician and the father of Johann Sebastian Bach.

Ambrosius was born in Erfurt, Germany. His father, Christoph Bach (1613–1661) was also a musician, as was his twin brother Johann Christoph Bach (1645–1693). Ambrosius was employed as a violinist in Erfurt.

In 1671, Ambrosius moved his family to Eisenach, where he was employed as a court trumpeter and director of the town musicians. He married his first wife Maria Elisabeth Lämmerhirt on 1 April 1668, and they had eight children. Four of these children became musicians, including Johann Sebastian. Marie died and was buried on 3 May 1694. On 27 November 1694 Ambrosius married Barbara Margaretha. This was her third marriage; both her former husbands, including Johann Günther Bach, had died. She had two young daughters. Ambrosius became very sick, and died in Eisenach less than three months later. Barbara was unable to look after all the children, so Johann Jacob Bach and Johann Sebastian Bach, moved in with the eldest son, Johann Christoph Bach.

References

Other websites
Johann Ambrosius Bach on the Sojurn Web site
Johann Ambrosius Bach on the Bach Cantatas Web site

1645 births
1695 deaths
Johann Ambrosius
Baroque composers
German composers
People from Erfurt
Chinatown MRT station

Chinatown MRT Station (NE4/DT19) is an MRT Station in Singapore. It is an interchange station along the North East MRT Line and Downtown MRT Line.  It was the first MRT station with both lines operated by SBS Transit.

On the North East Line, it lies between the Outram Park and Clarke Quay MRT stations and between Telok Ayer and Fort Canning MRT stations on the Downtown Line. It is directly below and serves the ethnic district of Chinatown. The construction of the station was considered an engineering achievement, due to the busy traffic on the roads above and a number of nearby historical buildings that had to be preserved during the construction. The section of track between Telok Ayer and this station is the shortest between any two stations on the MRT network; it takes around 35 to 40 seconds for a train to travel between the stations. The distance between Chinatown and the next station, Clarke Quay, is the shortest distance between two MRT stations in Singapore, a mere 360 metres.

History
This station is said to be the most challenging station to build on the North-East line, due to the large number of buildings above ground, most with reinforced concrete or timber piles and all in marine clay. Another feat was that they had to preserve Garden Bridge, a large overhead bridge on bore piles, while building the station below. The tidal Eu Tong Sen Canal was also diverted into four two-meter diameter steel pipes slung under the temporary traffic decks (two on each side). Part of the New Bridge Road was often closed between 12 January 1998 and 20 October 2001 for the construction of Chinatown MRT Station. This station was named People's Park before it was renamed in 1999. It was originally H3 / C3 before opening.

References

Mass Rapid Transit (Singapore) stations
Woodleigh MRT station

Woodleigh MRT Station (NE11) is an MRT Station in Singapore. It is along the North East MRT Line. The station is built on part of the former Bidadari Cemetery.

The station was built in 2003. It remained closed for 8 years, with the train passing through without stopping, until it opened in 2011 to facilitate for recent developments around the area

Timeline
20 June 2003: Station built
20 June 2011: Station opened along with Damai (PE7)

Former Codes
Formerly the code was: P5 (before opening)

Mass Rapid Transit (Singapore) stations
Clarke Quay MRT station

Clarke Quay MRT Station (NE5) is an MRT Station in Singapore. It is along the North East MRT Line.

History
The station was opened on 20 June 2003. The station has one of the lowest riderships along the North East Line, probably because it is on the wrong side of the Singapore River, and also partly due to the lack of developments surrounding the station and its proximity with Chinatown. It was formerly H4 / C4, before the opening.

The station is located on the opposite side of the Singapore River where Clarke Quay is actually situated. The distance between Clarke Quay and the previous station, Chinatown, is the shortest distance between two MRT stations in Singapore, a mere 360 metres. The reverse bungee ride, the Ministry of Sound nightclub and Club MoMo are located near to the station.

Mass Rapid Transit (Singapore) stations
Peter Thomas

Peter Thomas (June 28, 1924 – April 30, 2016) was an American announcer and narrator of television programs, including Nova, Forensic Files and Medical Detectives.

Early life
Thomas was born in Pensacola, Florida, to Dr. John D. Thomas and Sibyl Addenbrooke. He had two younger brothers, John and David.

Thomas began his career at fourteen as an announcer on a local radio show. The station could not pay him due to his age, so they arranged for the sponsor, Piper Aircraft, to give him flying lessons in a Piper Cub.

After World War II started, Thomas left The Stony Brook School and volunteered for the United States Army in 1943. He served with the First Infantry Division in five major campaigns. This included the Battle of Normandy and the Battle of the Bulge. He was issued a Battle star for each of the five campaigns. He was also awarded the Bronze Star, the Purple Heart and the French Croix de guerre.

Career
Thomas received many awards for his work. He said that one of his best was the Oscar won by a documentary he narrated, One Survivor Remembers. That documentary, produced by HBO, talks about the personal experience of Gerda Weissman Klein, who was imprisoned at the Nordhausen Concentration Camp when she was a teenager. Thomas' unit helped free the prisoners at Nordhausen. Klein and Thomas met during the making of the documentary, and again at its premiere. Thomas also participated in an HBO movie on the Battle of Hürtgen Forest, in which he fought with the 1st Infantry Division (United States). Thomas was also the narrator for a show that ran on The Discovery Channel in 1993 that was called How the West was Lost. Thomas was the narrator for the two-hour Nova episode entitled D-Day's Sunken Secrets, broadcast May 28, 2014, just before the 70th anniversary of the D-Day landings; he participated in the original D-Day landing on Omaha Beach.

Personal life
Thomas was married to Stella (Barrineau) Thomas until her 2014 death, and lived in Naples, Florida. He was involved in work with veterans, having served on the board of the National D-Day Memorial Foundation and in other similar roles.

He worked out of his home for recording studios all across the country. Also he continued narrating at recording studios in New York City, where he worked for most of his career. Prior to pursuing narration full-time, he was a New York anchor for CBS News.

Death
Thomas died on April 30, 2016 of natural causes at the age of 91.

References

Other websites
 
 Peter Thomas Tribute - from truTV's Forensic Files.
 We owe our freedom to GIs who fought  by Peter Thomas, veteran of Hurtgen Forest and Battle of the bulge

1924 births
2016 deaths
American military personnel of World War II
American voice actors
People from Pensacola, Florida
People from Naples, Florida
Simei MRT station

Simei MRT station (EW3) is a Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) station on the East West line in Tampines, Singapore. This station mainly serves Simei, a residential estate which is part of the larger Tampines New Town.

History
Before the construction of the station, the station was known as Tampines South. The name was changed to Simei in 1985, before the station's opening in 1989.

As like other above-ground stations built during the initial construction of the East West line, the station did not have platform screen doors. Following successful trials at Jurong East, Yishun and Pasir Ris stations, half height platform screen doors were installed and started operation on 3 July 2011. High-volume low-speed fans were also installed at the platform in 2011.

References

Other websites
 

Mass Rapid Transit (Singapore) stations
1989 establishments in Singapore
Sean Burke

Sean Burke (born January 29, 1967) is a Canadian retired NHL goalie. He played 18 seasons in the NHL. He is a 3-time All-Star in the NHL. He announced his retirement on September 18, 2007.

He was born in Windsor, Ontario, and grew up in Toronto, Ontario.

Other websites
 

1967 births
Canadian ice hockey goaltenders
Carolina Hurricanes players
Florida Panthers players
Hartford Whalers players
Ice hockey people from Ontario
Living people
Los Angeles Kings players
New Jersey Devils players
Olympic silver medalists
Philadelphia Flyers players
Phoenix Coyotes players
Sportspeople from Ontario
Tampa Bay Lightning players
Vancouver Canucks players
American Hockey League players
International Hockey League (1945–2001) players
Ontario Hockey League players
Gerard Gallant

Gerard Gallant (born September 2, 1963) is a Canadian NHL coach. He used to be the coach for the ice hockey team Vegas Golden Knights. He was fired in 2020 after just two and a half seasons. He used to be an NHL player. He was born in Prince Edward Island. He received the NHL All Star Game Coach for the 2015-16 season (Florida Panthers - Atlantic Division). He has two children.

References

1963 births
Canadian ice hockey coaches
Canadian ice hockey left wingers
Detroit Red Wings players
Florida Panthers players
Ice hockey coaches
Ice hockey people from Prince Edward Island
International Hockey League (1945–2001) players
Living people
Saint-Jean Castors players
Sherbrooke Castors players
Tampa Bay Lightning players
Verdun Juniors players
Basseri

The Basseri  are a Persian nomadic and pastoral tribe of the Fars Province in Iran.Their migratory area is around Shiraz.The Basseri are a tribe of Khamseh confederation.

Basseries are Persian.They are the survivors of Pasargadean tribe, the biggest tribe of Persia in Achaemenid Empire period.They speak Persian with a different accent.They are Shia Muslims.

Sources

Ehsan Yousefi,nomads of Persia:The Basseri tribe;2014;Shiraz 

Iran
Ethnic groups in the Middle East
Tanganyika laughter epidemic

The Tanganyika laughter epidemic is when an outbreak of laughter occurred in Tanganyika (which is modern day Tanzania), in 1962. It spread throughout nearby villages, infecting mostly young girls.

1962
1960s in Africa
Tanzania
Shiraz (grape)

Shiraz or Syrah is a variety of grape that is used to produce red wine. Originally, these grapes grew in the Rhone valley, but they are now cultivated all over the world to produce red wine.

Fruits
Harry Kroto

Sir Harold Walter Kroto, FRS (born Harold Walter Krotoschiner, 7 October 1939 – 30 April 2016), known as Harry Kroto, was an English chemist.

Kroto shared the 1996 Nobel Prize in Chemistry with Robert Curl and Richard Smalley for their discovery of fullerenes. He spent a large part of his career at the University of Sussex, where he was an emeritus professor. Kroto was an early supporter of Asteroid Day.

Kroto died on 30 April 2016 in Lewes, East Sussex from complications of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis at the age of 76.

References

Other websites

Harry Kroto personal website
Florida State University page 
University of Sheffield page

1939 births
2016 deaths
Deaths from motor neurone disease
British Nobel Prize winners
English chemists
People from Cambridgeshire

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