cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Sin tax

A sin tax is when the government taxes things that are considered to be bad for society.

For example, if the government increases taxes on alcohol and cigarettes, this will make them more expensive. In economics, if a normal good becomes more expensive, its consumption will drop.

Arthur Pigou was a famous economist who supported the sin tax.

Sin taxes also have problems: 
 If there is a large price difference between countries this will encourage smuggling, and may create a black market.
 Sin taxes may provide a reliable income for the government. In such a case, some governments encourage "sinful" behavior to get more taxes.

Taxation
N. Gregory Mankiw

Nicholas Gregory "Greg" Mankiw (born February 3, 1958) is a famous economist.  He graduated from Princeton University and Massachusetts Institute of Technology.  He was an economic advisor for President George W. Bush from 2003-2005. In 2006, he became an economic adviser to Mitt Romney.

Publications
He wrote a widely used college textbook for economics called Principles of Economics, listing 10 principles that all economies run on:
 People Face Tradeoffs (sometimes people have to choose between two things)
 The Cost of Something is What You Give Up to Get It
 Rational People Think at the Margin (people think of the pros and cons before making a purchase)
 People Respond to Incentives (when there is a reward to do something, more people will do it)
 Trade Can Make Everyone Better Off
 Markets Are Usually a Good Way to Organize Economic Activity (the economy usually does well without government interference)
 Governments Can Sometimes Improve Market Outcomes (sometimes it is necessary for the government to help the economy)
 A Country's Standard of Living Depends on Its Ability to Produce Goods and Services
 Prices Go Up When the Government Prints Too Much Money (the more money there is, the less value it has)
 Society Faces a Short-Run Tradeoff Between Inflation and Unemployment

His economic beliefs were influenced by John Maynard Keynes and he believes in Keynesian economics.  He is sometimes labeled as a conservative because he supported George W. Bush's tax cuts and he has criticized the policies of the Obama Administration a few times.  He also was influenced by the economist Arthur Pigou who believed that a high tax on something bad for society (called a sin tax) will result in fewer people buying it.

References

1958 births
Living people
American economists
People from Trenton, New Jersey
Poznań Fortress

Poznań Fortress (in Polish: Twierdza Poznań, in German: Festung Posen) was a set of fortifications in the city of Poznań in western Poland, built under Prussian rule in the 19th and early 20th centuries. It was one of largest systems of its kind in Europe.

Buildings and structures in Poland
Poznań
Fortification
Vesoul

Vesoul is a commune. It is the prefecture of the Haute-Saône department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region.

Geography 

The Haute-Saône is a rural department and is based around five towns: Vesoul (the prefecture), Gray, Héricourt, Lure and Luxeuil-les-Bains. The Durgeon and Colombine rivers flow through the commune.

History
Vesoul is first mentioned in a document dated 899. That document speaks about an elevation with a fortified watchtower. The document speaks about "Castrum Vesulium". Castrum is a fortification, and "Vesulium" has the syllable ves which meant hill or mountain in a language that was spoken before the Celts. Today, there is a castle that forms the centre of the city. The first houses were built inside the walls of the castle. Newcomers who found no place settled outside the city walls, on the flanks of the hill. Growing wine was popular. 
In 1814, after the fall of the empire, a buffer state was created, with Vesoul as capital. The principality was that of Free County, of the Vosges and of Porrentruy.

Today, one of the main factories of PSA Peugeot Citroën is near Vesoul.

Culture

Monuments and tourist attractions
 Vieux Vesoul (English:Old Vesoul) (buildings from the 15th, 16th and 18th centuries and Garret Museum)
 Site of Vesoul's Motte
 Site of the Sabot de Frotey
 Vesoul-Vaivre lake
 Vesoul-Vaivre Vélo-rail
 Saint Georges church (18th century)
 Convent of the Ursulines (17th century)

Library
The first public library of Vesoul opened in 1771. The abbé (abbot) Bardenet, superior of the Saint-Esprit hospital in Besançon, gave his book collection to the town. There were 1772 books. The collections became a lot larger with the Revolution. At that time, the revolutionaries (people who led the French Revolution) took the books from the monasteries of the town (capucins) and even of the region (Luxeuil and Faverney monasteries). Around 20,000 books were added to the library this way, including some 11th century manuscripts. The Mayor's office was responsible for keeping the books.

In 1981, the municipality decided to build a new building to encourage the public to read. The library recently got computers. There are around 200 manuscripts and 150 incunables.

Twin towns
Vesoul is only twinned with one town:
 Gerlingen, Germany, since 1964.

Demography

References

Communes in Haute-Saône
Departmental capitals in France
Hungaroring

The Hungaroring is a Formula One racing circuit in Mogyoród, near Budapest, Hungary where the Hungarian Grand Prix is held. In 1986, it became the location of the first Formula One Grand Prix behind the Iron Curtain. Formula One leader Bernie Ecclestone wanted a race in the USSR, but was not able to make a deal with Moscow. A Hungarian friend of his recommended the city of Budapest. Formula One wanted a street circuit similar to the Circuit de Monaco to be built in the Népliget, Budapest's largest park. The Hungarian government decided to build a new circuit (track) just outside the city near a major highway. Construction work started on October 1, 1985. the circuit was built in eight months, less time than any other Formula One circuit. The first race was held on March 24, 1986 in memory of János Drapál. Drapál was the first Hungarian to win a Grand Prix motorcycle race. A survey by the Hungarian national tourism office ranks Mogyoród third in venues visited by tourists in Hungary.

Description 

The Hungaroring is a circuit in the Formula One Grands Prix calendar. The F1 race is normally held in the middle of a Central European summer. The circuit is generally dusty, which limits traction. This is because the track is not used very much throughout the season and it is built on sandy soil. The track is built in a natural valley. About 80 percent of the racetrack is visible from any viewing location.

The Hungaroring is a twisty style circuit, where passing difficult.

The Hungaroring is the home of Hungarian motorsport. Besides Formula One, there were also DTM, FIA GT Championship races in its history. A public drag race event takes place every month.

Fans 

Most of the foreign fans are from Germany and Austria. The Hungaroring has traditionally seen a large number of Finnish fans as well. With the loss of the Austrian Grand Prix, this is the closest Formula One event for fans from other Central European countries. The  race saw many spectators from Poland due to the debut of the first Polish Formula One driver, Robert Kubica.

The Hungarian Grand Prix has always been more of a promotional event than a profit raising event. The Formula One contract was extended until 2016. Tobacco advertising has been banned since 2007.

References

Other websites 

 Official Ticket Agency of the Hungarian F1 Grand Prix
 Hungaroring - the technical requirements
 A lap of the Hungaroring with Honda’s Alex Wurz
 Hungaroring Circuit History and Statistics 
 Statistics from official F1 site
 BBC's circuit guide
 Satellite picture by Google Maps
 Ciro Pabón's Racetracks 3D views and virtual laps of all F1 circuits, including this one, via Google Earth

Formula One circuits
Don Drysdale

Don Drysdale (July 23, 1936 – July 3, 1993) was an American baseball player. He was a right handed pitcher. He played for the Brooklyn/Los Angeles Dodgers from 1956 to 1969. He played in five World Series. In 1976, he was chosen to be in the Baseball Hall of Fame. His number was retired by the Dodgers.

1936 births
1993 deaths
Baseball players from California
Los Angeles Dodgers players
Brooklyn Dodgers players
National League All-Stars
Building model

A building model is either a physical (real) or virtual (computer) model of a building. Very often, the physical model is smaller than the original (scale model). 

There are three basic types of building models: architectural, structural and mathematical (virtual).

Architectural building model
An architectural model is a type of a physical model of a structure to study an architectural design or to share design ideas to clients, committees, and the general public.  Architectural models are a tool which may be used for show, presentation, fundraising, getting permits, and sale purposes. Such models are a good tool for three-dimensional understanding of a design, used by architects, interior designers and exhibit designers.

Structural building model
Engineers who need scale models to test the likely performance of a design at an early stage of development without paying for a full-sized prototype.

Virtual building model
Virtual model is a digital model of the object (typically greatly simplified) that can be used in a computer simulation or virtual reality.

The most common examples of virtual models are those created in 3D for the purpose of visualisation - seeing how the structure looks before it is built. The field of architecture has greatly popularized the use of virtual models to animate fly-throughs of yet-to-be-built buildings.

Related pages
Earthquake engineering
Structural Engineering

References

Other websites

 

Buildings and structures
Architecture
Earthquake engineering
Modeling
Chuck Mangione

Charles Frank "Chuck" Mangione (born November 29, 1940 in Rochester, New York) is an American flugelhorn player. His best known hit single is Feels So Good which was the Billboard Easy Listening Singles number-one single on May 13, 1978 and has been featured in many movies like Zombieland and Let's Go to Prison. Chuck Mangione has been mentioned on the animated television show King of the Hill and lends his voice to the show.

Websites
 Chuck Mangione's Official website

1940 births
Living people
American composers
Musicians from New York
People from Rochester, New York
The Jazz Singer (1927 movie)

The Jazz Singer is a 1927 movie was released to movie theaters by Warner Bros.. The movie stars Al Jolson and May MacAvoy. It also co-starred Warner Oland. It's considered to be the first talking picture, but was actually not; Dream Street (1921) was the first with a talking introduction by D.W. Griffith.

1927 movies
1920s musical movies
1920s drama movies
American drama movies
American musical movies
United States National Film Registry movies
English-language movies
Movies directed by Alan Crosland
Love Parade disaster

The Love Parade disaster occurred on 24 July 2010, when 21 people were killed during a human crush in Duisburg, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, at the Love Parade electronic music festival. At least another 511 people were injured.

The Love Parade was a popular and free access electronic dance music festival and parade that originated in 1989 in Berlin, Germany. The parade features stages, but is well known for its floats with music, DJs and dancers moving through the audience. This was the first edition of the festival that was organised in a closed-off festival area. Up to  people were reported to be attending the event and 1,200 police were on hand.

The event was one of the program elements of RUHR.2010, whereby cultural events in the Ruhr area were highlighted, because the Ruhr was 2010's European Capital of Culture.

The festival organizer said that there would be no more Love Parades after this. He said, "Out of respect for the victims, their families and friends, we are going to discontinue the event in the future, and that means the end of the Love Parade."

References

Other websites 
 Media collection from before and after the incident
 Full press conference (in German)

2010 disasters
2010 in Europe
2010s disasters in Europe
2010s in Germany
Disasters in Germany
Duisburg
History of North Rhine-Westphalia
July events

fr:Love Parade#Accident du 24 juillet 2010
Manhattan Melodrama

Manhattan Melodrama is a 1934 crime melodrama movie directed by W. S. Van Dyke and distributed by the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer company. The film won screenwriter Arthur Caesar an Academy Award for Best Story.

Cast
Clark Gable as Blackie Gallagher
William Powell as Jim Wade
Myrna Loy as Eleanor
Mickey Rooney as the Young Blackie Gallagher
Jimmy Butler as the Young Jim Wade

1934 movies
1930s drama movies
Academy Award winning movies
English-language movies
Movies directed by W. S. Van Dyke
Monocyte

Monocytes are a type of white blood cell, part of the human body's immune system. They are usually identified in stained smears by their large two-lobed nuclei. They are a kind of reserve cell which turn into macrophages and immune helper cells called dendritic cells.

Monocytes work at two speeds in the immune system: 
 To gradually replenish resident macrophages and dendritic cells under normal conditions, and 
 To move quickly (~ 8-12 hours) to infected tissue in response to inflammation signals. There they divide and differentiate into macrophages and dendritic cells to cause an immune response. 

Half of all monocytes are stored as a reserve in the spleen; the rest are circulating or in tissues.

Physiology
 
Monocytes are produced by the bone marrow from stem cell precursors called monoblasts. Monocytes circulate in the bloodstream for about one to three days and then typically move into tissues throughout the body. They make up three to eight percent of the leukocytes in the blood. 

Monocytes which migrate from the bloodstream to the tissues will then differentiate into macrophages or dendritic cells, which then stay in the tissue. Macrophages are responsible for protecting tissues from foreign substances. They are cells that possess a large smooth nucleus, a large area of cytoplasm and many internal vesicles for processing foreign material.

Monocytes and their macrophage and dendritic cell progeny serve three main functions in the immune system. These are phagocytosis, antigen presentation and cytokine production.
 Phagocytosis is the process of uptake of microbes and particles followed by digestion and destruction of this material. Monocytes are also capable of killing infected host cells using antibodies.
 Microbial fragments that remain after such digestion can serve as antigens. This process is called antigen presentation and it leads to activation of T lymphocytes. These mount a specific immune response against the antigen.
 Other microbial products can directly activate monocytes and this leads to the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines.

References 

Immunology
Blood cells
Brent Seabrook

Brent Seabrook (born April 20, 1985) is a Canadian professional ice hockey defenceman. He currently plays for the Chicago Blackhawks of the National Hockey League (NHL) and is an alternate captain. He was the Chicago Blackhawks first round draft pick in 2003. He played in the WHL for the Lethbridge Hurricanes where he played four seasons. On June 9, 2010, Seabrook won the Stanley Cup with the Chicago Blackhawks and also won a gold medal at the 2010 Winter Olympics. On June 24, 2013, He won his second Stanley Cup with the Blackhawks after they defeated the Boston Bruins 4 games to 2 in the 2013 Stanley Cup Finals. 

On September 17, 2015, Seabrook was named as an alternate captain for the Blackhawks. On September 26, 2015, Seabrook signed an 8-year contract extension with the Blackhawks.

His younger brother Keith plays for the Rockford IceHogs of the AHL.

Awards
He won the gold medal with Canada at the IIHF World U18 Championships gold medalist in 2003.
He won the silver medal with Canada ath the World Junior Ice Hockey Championships in 2004.
He was named to the WHL East Second All-Star Team in 2005.
He won the gold medal with Canada at the World Junior Ice Hockey Championships in 2005.
He participated in the NHL YoungStars Game in 2006.
He won the Stanley Cup with the Chicago Blackhawks in 2010.
He won the gold medal with Canada at the 2010 Winter Olympics.
He won the Stanley Cup with the Chicago Blackhawks in 2013.

References

Other websites

1985 births
American Hockey League players
Canadian ice hockey defencemen
Canadian Olympic gold medalists
Chicago Blackhawks players
Ice hockey people from British Columbia
Lethbridge Hurricanes players
Living people
Stanley Cup champions
Viktor Stålberg

Viktor Stålberg (born January 17, 1986 in Gothenburg, Sweden) is a professional Swedish ice hockey right winger that currently signed to the Nashville Predators of the National Hockey League (NHL).

Stålberg formerly played in the NHL with the Toronto Maple Leafs for 1 season and the Chicago Blackhawks for 3 seasons. During his time with the Blackhawks, he won the Stanley Cup with them after they defeated the Boston Bruins 4 games to 2 in the 2013 Stanley Cup Finals. On July 5, 2013, Stålberg signed a $12 million, 4 year deal with the Nashville Predators. He has also played for the J20 Superelit league team, Frölunda HC and played collegiately for the University of Vermont Catamounts.

References

Other websites
 

1986 births
American Hockey League players
Chicago Blackhawks players
Living people
Nashville Predators players
People from Gothenburg
Stanley Cup champions
Swedish Hockey League players
Swedish ice hockey players
Toronto Maple Leafs players
Brent Sopel

Brent Bernard Sopel (born January 7, 1977) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey defenceman. He played a parts of 15 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL). He played for the Vancouver Canucks, New York Islanders, Los Angeles Kings, Chicago Blackhawks, Atlanta Thrashers, and the Montreal Canadiens. He also played in the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL) for parts of 4 seasons with Metallurg Novokuznetsk and Salavat Yulaev Ufa.

He signed a 2-year contract with Metallurg Novokuznetsk of the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL) on July 29, 2011.

On February 27, 2015, Sopel retired from playing professional ice hockey.

References

Other websites

1977 births
American Hockey League players
Atlanta Thrashers players
Canadian ice hockey defencemen
Chicago Blackhawks players
Ice hockey people from Alberta
Living people
Los Angeles Kings players
Montreal Canadiens players
New York Islanders players
Sportspeople from Calgary
Stanley Cup champions
Saskatoon Blades players
Swift Current Broncos players
Vancouver Canucks players
International Hockey League (1945–2001) players
Ben Eager

Benjamin Eager  (born January 22, 1984) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey left winger. He currently plays for HC CSKA Moscow of the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL). He has also played 407 regular season games in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the Philadelphia Flyers, Chicago Blackhawks, Atlanta Thrashers, San Jose Sharks, and Edmonton Oilers.

Career
Before playing in the NHL, Eager played 4 seasons with the Oshawa Generals of the Ontario Hockey League (OHL). He was drafted with the 23rd overall pick by the Phoenix Coyotes in the 2002 NHL Entry Draft. On June 9th, 2010, Eager won the Stanley Cup with the Chicago Blackhawks.

On July 11, 2014, he signed a one-year contract with HC CSKA Moscow of the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL). He played one season for the Chicago Wolves before retiring.

References

Other websites

1984 births
American Hockey League players
Atlanta Thrashers players
Canadian ice hockey left wingers
Chicago Blackhawks players
Edmonton Oilers players
Ice hockey people from Ontario
Living people
People from Ottawa
Philadelphia Flyers players
San Jose Sharks players
Stanley Cup champions
Ontario Hockey League players
Bedtime Stories (movie)

Bedtime Stories is a 2008 movie directed by Adam Shankman starring Adam Sandler.

Other websites
 Official site
 
 
 

2008 comedy movies
2000s fantasy-comedy movies
American fantasy-comedy movies
San Francisco Chronicle

The San Francisco Chronicle is a newspaper in the San Francisco Bay Area of California. It was founded in 1865 as The Daily Dramatic Chronicle by teenage brothers Charles de Young and Michael H. de Young.

References

Other websites
Official website

Newspapers in California
Companies based in San Francisco
1865 establishments in the United States
1860s establishments in California
Brecqhou

Brecqhou is one of the Channel Islands. It is part of the Bailiwick of Guernsey. It is just west of Sark and has a surface area of about 200 acres (0.81 km2; 0.31 sq mi).

It is outside of the United Kingdom and not part of the  European union. Brecqhou has a castle that belongs to the Barclay brothers, owners of London's The Daily Telegraph. The castle is sometimes used for meetings and filing of papers outside of the United Kingdom.

References 

Islands of the Channel Islands
Guernsey
Hurricane Donna

Hurricane Donna was a Cape Verde-type hurricane. It happened in 1960. It moved across the Leeward Islands, Puerto Rico, Hispanola, Cuba, The Bahamas, and every state on the East Coast of the United States.  

Hurricane Donna holds the record for keeping major hurricane status in the Atlantic Basin for the longest period of time.  For nine days, September 2 to September 11, Donna had maximum sustained winds of at least . 

Hurricane Donna was a very destructive hurricane.  It made a lot of damage from the Lesser Antilles to New England. At least 364 people were killed by the hurricane. Over $900 million in damage was done (1960 USD).

Because of its damage and the high death amount associated with the hurricane, the name Donna was retired.  It will never again be used for an Atlantic hurricane. The name was replaced by Dora in 1964.

References

Hurricanes in the United States
20th century in Puerto Rico
20th centuy in Haiti
20th century in the Dominican Republic
1960s in Cuba
20th century in the Bahamas
1960 in the United States
1960s in Canada
Hurricanes in Virginia
Hurricanes in South Carolina
Category 5 Atlantic hurricanes
Deadly storms
John Madden (ice hockey)

John Madden (born May 4, 1973 in Barrie, Ontario) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey player that played a total of 13 seasons in the NHL. During his time in the NHL he played 10 seasons with the New Jersey Devils where he won the Stanley Cup 2 times, 1 season with the Chicago Blackhawks where he also won the Stanley Cup, 1 season with the Minnesota Wild and 1 season with the Florida Panthers.  

On September 4, 2012, Madden retired from the NHL. He currently works with the Montreal Canadiens as a scout and evaluating amateur free agent talent in United States college hockey.

Awards
Stanley Cup (with the New Jersey Devils) (2000)
Frank J. Selke Trophy (2001).
Stanley Cup (with the New Jersey Devils) (2003)
Stanley Cup (with the Chicago Blackhawks) (2010)

References

Other websites

1973 births
Canadian ice hockey centres
Chicago Blackhawks players
Florida Panthers players
Ice hockey people from Ontario
Living people
Minnesota Wild players
New Jersey Devils players
Stanley Cup champions
American Hockey League players
C14 Timberwolf

The C14 Timberwolf MRSWS is an bolt action sniper rifle that is manually operated and was originally developed by Canada. 

The C14 Timberwolf uses the  .338 Lapua Magnum cartridge, with a muzzle velocity (The velocity of bullet leaving the rifle) of over 823 meters per second and has a maximum effective range of 1,500 meters.

It is currently used in the Afghanistan war.

Rifles
The Exterminators (TV series)

The Exterminators (renamed Billy the Exterminator in 2010) is an American television program. The program follows Vexcon employees, Billy and Ricky Breatherton as they try to rid pests and unwanted animals from clients homes and businesses in Louisiana.

Other websites 
 Vexcon's Offcial website
 Official The Exterminators TV Series website at A&E

2009 television series debuts
American reality television series
English-language television programs
Bethesda Game Studios

Bethesda Game Studios is a studio that makes video games. This studio belongs to Bethesda Softworks, which opened it in 1986. The studio headquarters is located in Rockville, Maryland, United States. Todd Howard has served as game director on most of their games since Fallout 3.

Games

American video game companies
Accessibility

Accessibility is  equal access for people with disabilities to any environment, movement, information or communication. It means that a person with a disability should be able to use a product or service to access society at the same level as a person without a disability. 

Examples of accessibility include:

 Buildings that have access ramps for people in wheelchairs or motorised scooters
 Close captioning on television and subtitles on DVDs for people who cannot hear
 Sign language that allows deaf people to communicate other people
 Braille for people with a vision impairment to help them read books
 Modified computer software and hardware that allows people with a disability or disabilities to access the Internet and use a personal computer

The word accessibility is used in the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, mostly in article 9.

Related pages
Digital rights
Disability
Web accessibility
Right to housing
Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities

Disability
Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot

Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot (26 February 1725 – 2 October 1804) was a French inventor. He is believed to have built the first self-propelled mechanical vehicle.

1725 births
1804 deaths
French inventors
Casey Stengel

Charles Dillon (Casey) Stengel was a famous baseball player and manager. He managed 3 teams in the MLB the Los Angeles Dodgers, New York Mets and the New York Yankees. He also played for the Dodgers, San Francisco Giants and the Boston Braves. His grandmother was the brother of the famous judge, John Forrest Dillon.

Retired Numbers 
Casey's number 37 was retired by the Yankees in 1970. Also by the Mets in 1967
 World Series won
1922, 1949, 1950, 1951, 1952, 1953, 1956, 1958

Teams

Player
Brooklyn Dodgers/Robins (1912-1917)
Pittsburgh Pirates (1918-1919)
Philadelphia Phillies (1920-1921)
New York Giants (1921-1923)
Boston Braves (1924-1925)

Manager
Brooklyn Dodgers (1934-1936)
Boston Braves (1938-1943)
New York Yankees (1949-1960)
New York Mets (1962-1965)

1890 births
1975 deaths
American baseball players
Sportspeople from Missouri
Dora the Explorer

Dora the Explorer is an American animated television series created by Chris Gifford, Valerie Walsh, and Eric Weiner. The first episode aired in 1999, and Dora the Explorer became a regular series in 2000.

The series earned $2.5 billion in sales in 2010 alone.

Plot
The series Dora the Explorer focuses on a seven-year-old Latino girl named "Dora" accompanied by her talking backpack and anthropomorphic monkey named "Boots". Dora has a passion for exploring places or completing quests, and she would often go on an adventure with her friends.

Characters
Dora

Boots

Backpack

Map

Swiper the Fox

Tico

Benny

Isa

The Fiesta Trio

Episodes

References

Related pages
Dora The Explorer on Nick Jr. Australia 
Unofficial British fansite

American children's television series
Animated television series
1990s television series debuts
2000 television series debuts
Nickelodeon television series
Dalby Forest

Dalby Forest is a forest on the southern slopes of the North York Moors National Park in North Yorkshire, England. It is maintained by the UK Forestry Commission.

Wildlife 
Dalby Forest is home to many species of wildlife such as badgers, and roe deer.  There are also many species of trees including oak, beech, ash, alder, hazel and Scots pine (Aldus sylvestris).

References

Forests of England
North Yorkshire
Avant Browser

Avant Browser is a free web browser created by a Chinese programmer called Anderson Che.

The Avant browser follows a set of commands that are similar to those of Internet Explorer (known as the Trident layout engine), but has more features and is more customisable. 

Avant can only work on Windows computers that have Internet Explorer (6, 7 or 8) installed on them.

The browser is available in 41 languages. As of November 2008, there were over 22 million downloads.

Other websites
 

Web browsers
Kris Versteeg

Kristopher Royce Versteeg (born May 13, 1986) is a former Canadian professional ice hockey right winger. He played for the Carolina Hurricanes of the National Hockey League (NHL). He has also played for the Chicago Blackhawks, Toronto Maple Leafs, Philadelphia Flyers, Calgary Flames, Los Angeles Kings and Florida Panthers.

Career
Before playing in the NHL, Versteeg played 5 seasons in the Western Hockey League (WHL). 3 seasons with the Lethbridge Hurricanes, 1 seasons with the Kamloops Blazers and 1 season with the Red Deer Rebels.

He was drafted with the 134th overall pick by the Boston Bruins in the 2004 NHL Entry Draft. He played 2 seasons with their American Hockey League (AHL) affiliate, Providence Bruins and was traded along with a conditional draft pick to the Chicago Blackhawks in exchange for Brandon Bochenski.

He played 3 seasons with the Blackhawks and won the Stanley Cup with them during the 2009–10 NHL season. His name was originally misspelled "Kris Vertseeg" when it was engraved on the Stanley Cup but it was quickly corrected afterwards. Versteeg was traded to the Toronto Maple Leafs along with the rights to prospect Bill Sweatt for Viktor Stalberg, Chris DiDomenico, and Philippe Paradis because of salary cap restraints.

He played 1 season with the Maple Leafs and was traded to the Philadelphia Flyers for first-round and third-round draft picks. He only played 20 games for the Flyers and was again traded, this time to the Florida Panthers for a second-round and a third-round pick.

Versteeg would play 1 season and 28 games with the Panthers before being traded back to the Chicago Blackhawks on November 14, 2013 in exchange for Jimmy Hayes and Dylan Olsen. On June 15, 2015, he won his second Stanley Cup with the Blackhawks after they defeated the Tampa Bay Lightning in six games.

On September 11, 2015, Versteeg was traded along with Joakim Nordström to the Carolina Hurricanes in exchange for a 3rd round draft pick in the 2017 NHL Entry Draft. Versteeg and Nordström were traded because the Blackhawks had to make cap space for Marcus Kruger.

Awards 
2x Stanley Cup champion with the Chicago Blackhawks (2010, 2015)

References

Other websites 

 

1986 births
American Hockey League players
Calgary Flames players
Canadian ice hockey right wingers
Carolina Hurricanes players
Chicago Blackhawks players
Florida Panthers players
Ice hockey people from Alberta
Kamloops Blazers players
Lethbridge Hurricanes players
Living people
Los Angeles Kings players
People from Lethbridge
Philadelphia Flyers players
Red Deer Rebels players
Stanley Cup champions
Toronto Maple Leafs players
Swedish Hockey League players
Kerry King

Kerry Ray King (born June 3, 1964) is an  American guitarist, best known as the rhythm and lead guitarist and one of the first members of American thrash metal band Slayer.

Biography
King was born in Los Angeles, California. His father worked as an aircraft part inspector, and his mother worked for a telephone company. When he was a teenager, Kerry moved to Phoenix, Arizona, where he learned how to play guitar from a local man, Dana Dawley.  He divorced once; his current wife is Ayesha King, he also has a daughter named Shyanne Kymberlee King from his first marriage. In 1981, King was trying out for the position as a guitarist in a band. After the session was over Jeff Hanneman talked with him and the two began playing Iron Maiden and Judas Priest songs with the session drummer. Hanneman said "Why don’t we start our OWN band?” [Laughs] I was like, “…Fuck yeah!"
King once had long hair, but then shaved his head when he started balding. His bald head, spiked wristband, long beard and his tattoo work (which covers his hands, arms and head) are his trademarks, to such a degree that Blender included a tour of his body ink.

King's acronym, KFK, was revealed to mean "Kerry Fuckin' King" in the January 2007 Issue of Guitar World.

Other websites

1964 births
Living people
Musicians from Los Angeles
Reign in Blood

Reign in Blood is the third album and major label debut by the American thrash metal band Slayer. Released on October 7, 1986, Reign in Blood was very well received by both critics and fans, and was responsible for bringing Slayer to the attention of a mainstream metal audience. Kerrang! magazine said the record was "the heaviest album of all time," and a breakthrough in thrash metal and speed metal. Alongside Metallica's Master of Puppets, Reign in Blood is considered one of the most influential thrash metal albums of all time.

Track listing

 "Aggressive Perfector" was shorter and had clearer production than the previous version featured on the reissue of the EP Haunting the Chapel. The reissue also fixed a problem with some CD pressings which incorrectly set the beginning of "Raining Blood" into the blank pause in "Postmortem".

Sources

1986 albums
Slayer albums
Joe Satriani

Joseph Satriani (born July 15, 1956 in Westbury, New York) is an American musician. He can play different instruments. He is most well known for his work as a rock guitarist. 

Early in his career, Satriani worked as a guitar teacher. Some of his former students have become famous with their guitar skills. These include Steve Vai, Larry LaLonde, Kirk Hammett, Charlie Hunter, Kevin Cadogan and Alex Skolnick. 

Satriani has been important in the music made by other musicians.  He was a founder of the ever-changing touring trio, G3, as well as performing in various positions with other musicians.

Awards and nominations
Satriani has the second most Grammy Award nominations of any artist without winning.

{| class="wikitable"
|+Nominations
! Year !! Album !! Category
|-
| rowspan=2| 1989 || "Always With Me, Always With You" ||Best Pop Instrumental Performance
|-
| Surfing with the Alien ||Best Rock Instrumental Performance
|-
| 1990 || "The Crush of Love" || Best Rock Instrumental Performance
|-
|1991 || Flying in a Blue Dream || Best Rock Instrumental Performance
|-
|1993 || The Extremist || Best Rock Instrumental Performance
|-
| 1994 || "Speed of Light || Best Rock Instrumental Performance
|-
| 1995 || "All Alone" || Best Rock Instrumental Performance
|-
|1997 || "(You're) My World" || Best Rock Instrumental Performance
|-
| 1998 || "Summer Song" (Live) || Best Rock Instrumental Performance
|-
| 1999 || "A Train of Angels" || Best Rock Instrumental Performance
|-
| 2001 || "Until We Say Goodbye" || Best Rock Instrumental Performance
|-
| 2002 || "Always With Me, Always With You" (Live) || Best Rock Instrumental Performance from Live in San Francisco|-
| 2003 || "Starry Night" || Best Rock Instrumental Performance
|-
|2006 || Super Colossal || Best Rock Instrumental Performance
|-
|2008 || "Always With Me, Always With You" (Live) || Best Rock Instrumental Performance from Satriani Live!|}

DiscographyNot of This Earth (1986)Surfing with the Alien (1987)Flying in a Blue Dream (1989)The Extremist (1992)Time Machine (1993)Joe Satriani (1995)Crystal Planet (1998)Engines of Creation (2000)Strange Beautiful Music (2002)Is There Love in Space? (2004)Super Colossal (2006)Professor Satchafunkilus and the Musterion of Rock (2008)Black Swans and Wormhole Wizards'' (2010)

References

1956 births
Living people
American rock guitarists
Musicians from New York
American heavy metal musicians
Surfing with the Alien

Surfing with the Alien is the second album by instrumental rock solo artist Joe Satriani, released in 1987. Surfing with the Alien contributed greatly to establishing Satriani's reputation as a respected rock guitarist.

The album contains fast and complex songs such as "Surfing with the Alien" and "Satch Boogie", stranger-sounding "Crushing Day" and "Lords of Karma", and slower, melodic songs like "Always with Me, Always with You" and "Echo" which provide a change of pace. Also, "Midnight", uses the technique of two-hand tapping at great speed, making a Latin-American effect. There are also Nashville tuned guitars (on "Echo") and key changes (on "Always with Me, Always with You" and "Echo") to vary the album.

The album cover shows the Marvel Comics character, the Silver Surfer on the front and the hand of Galactus on the back.  The image is from Silver Surfer #1 (1982).  The artist, John Byrne, has said that the image was used without his permission and that he never got paid for its use. The art is from panel 1 of page 6 of SILVER SURFER #1 published in 1982. However, the album liner notes mention a Marvel Characters, Inc. copyright and say the Silver Surfer likeness is used with permission.

Track listing
All songs written by Joe Satriani.
 "Surfing with the Alien" – 4:20
 "Ice 9" – 4:08
 "Crushing Day" – 5:16
 "Always with Me, Always with You" – 3:20
 "Satch Boogie" – 3:10
 "Hill of the Skull" – 1:46
 "Circles" – 3:27
 "Lords of Karma" – 4:46
 "Midnight" – 1:42
 "Echo" – 5:38

Other websites

1987 albums
For Whom the Bell Tolls (Metallica song)

For Whom the Bell Tolls is a 1985 Thrash metal song by rock band Metallica from their second album Ride the Lightning. The song's name comes from Ernest Hemingway's 1940 novel of the same name.

In pop culture
The song was featured in the opening credits of the movie Zombieland. 
It is played when the NFL's Chicago Bears score a touchdown.
The song is used in the trailer for the video game Gaia: Honor and Vengeance.

References

1985 songs
Metallica
Surfing with the Alien (song)

"Surfing with the Alien" is the first song in Joe Satriani's second album Surfing with the Alien. The song refers to the comic book character Silver Surfer. The song was named the 30th greatest guitar solo ever by Guitar World Magazine readers and is one of his faster shred guitar style songs. The song was also the theme song for the Nintendo 64 game NASCAR 99.

Chart positions

1987 songs
Eddie Colón

Edwin "Eddie" Carlos Colón (born December 21, 1982) is a Puerto Rican pro wrestler. He is currently working in the WWE where competes under the ring name Primo Colon. He is the son of Carlos Colón, Sr. and the younger brother of pro wrestlers Stacy and Carly Colón, who used to wrestle as Carlito in WWE. The brothers, known as The Colóns, were the first team to win the WWE Tag Team Championship and the World Tag Team Championship at the same time, making them the first Unified WWE Tag Team Champions.

References

Other websites
WWE profile 

1982 births
Living people
Puerto Rican professional wrestlers
People from San Juan, Puerto Rico
Frank White (baseball)

Frank White (born September 4, 1950 in Greenville, Mississippi) is a retired American baseball player and is a former coach of the Kansas City Royals. He was a second baseman. He now is part of the television broadcast team for the Royals.

White won the World Series with the Kansas City Royals in 1985.

His number (#20) is retired by the Royals. He is one of only two Royals players to have his number retired by the team (the other is George Brett).

Awards 
 Selected for the All-Star game x5 in 1978, 1979, 1981, 1982 and 1986
 8× Gold Glove Award winner  in 1977, 1978, 1979, 1980, 1981, 1982, 1986 and 1987
 Silver Slugger Award winner in 1986
 ALCS MVP in 1980

References

1950 births
Living people
American baseball players
Sportspeople from Mississippi
Kansas City Royals players
Imagine (John Lennon album)

Imagine is John Lennon's second solo album. It was recorded and released in 1971 and has remained popular.  In 2012, Imagine was voted 80th on Rolling Stone magazine's list of the "500 Greatest Albums of All Time".

This album had songs that were gentler, more commercial and less avant-garde than the ones he released on his previous album, John Lennon/Plastic Ono Band. In 2003 Rolling Stone magazine named Imagine #76 on its list of The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time.

Track listing

Other websites

1971 albums
John Lennon
Imagine (John Lennon song)

"Imagine" is a song written and performed by English rock musician John Lennon. It is the first track on his album Imagine, released in 1971. "Imagine" was released as a single in the United States where it reached number three on the Billboard Hot 100. When asked about the song in one of his last interviews, Lennon said that "Imagine" was as good as anything he had written with the Beatles. The song is one of three Lennon solo songs, along with "Instant Karma!" and "Give Peace a Chance", in the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame's 500 Songs that Shaped Rock and Roll. Rolling Stone ranked "Imagine" the 3rd greatest song of all time in their The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time issue.
David Archuleta sang the song in Season 7 of American Idol.
The song was written to encourage people to believe/imagine a world where everyone was equal and peaceful, without the separation of different religions, beliefs, races etc.

References

Other websites 
 Text  Eng.

1971 songs
John Lennon
John Lennon/Plastic Ono Band

John Lennon/Plastic Ono Band is the first solo album by English rock musician John Lennon. It was released in 1970 after Lennon released three experimental albums with Yoko Ono and Live Peace in Toronto 1969, a live show in Toronto credited to The Plastic Ono Band. The album was recorded at the same time with Yoko Ono's debut avant garde solo album Yoko Ono/Plastic Ono Band at Ascot Sound Studios and Abbey Road Studios using the same musicians and production team, and had nearly the same cover artwork. John Lennon/Plastic Ono Band is generally considered one of Lennon's best solo albums. Rolling Stone named it the twenty-second greatest album of all time.

Track listing
All songs written by John Lennon.

Side one
"Mother" – 5:34
"Hold On" – 1:52
"I Found Out" – 3:37
"Working Class Hero" – 3:48
"Isolation" – 2:51

Side two
"Remember" – 4:33
"Love" – 3:21
"Well Well Well" – 5:59
"Look at Me" – 2:53
"God" – 4:09
"My Mummy's Dead" – 0:49

2000 reissue bonus tracks
"Power to the People" – 3:22
"Do the Oz" – 3:07 (Lennon/Ono)

Other websites

1970 albums
Rock albums
Folk albums
John Lennon
God (John Lennon song)

"God" is a song from John Lennon's first solo album, John Lennon/Plastic Ono Band.  The album was released on December 11, 1970 in the U.S. and the UK.  

The song was considered controversial upon release, because it was about religion.

1970 songs
Tom Seaver

George Thomas "Tom" Seaver (November 17, 1944 – August 31, 2020) was an American baseball player for the New York Mets, Cincinnati Reds, Chicago White Sox and Boston Red Sox. He was a pitcher.  In his career he won more than 300 games.  He won a World Series in 1969. His number was retired by the Mets.  He was a member of the Baseball Hall of Fame.

On the Mets Seaver won a World Series in 1969 and a National League pennant in 1973. He won the Cy Young Award three times while he was with the Mets, in 1969, 1973 and 1975.  The Cy Young Award is given to the best pitcher of the year in each league.  He also won the Rookie of the Year award as the best first year player in the league in 1967.

Seaver led the National League in wins three times, in 1969 and 1975 with the Mets and in 1981 with the Reds.  He led the National League in earned run average three times, in 1970, 1971 and 1973.  He led the National League in strikeouts five times, in 1970, 1971, 1973, 1975 and 1976.

His final year was played with the Red Sox. He was induced in the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1992. He was born in Fresno, California.

In March 2019, Seaver was diagnosed with Lewy body dementia. He died on August 31, 2020 from the disease and COVID-19 in Calistoga, California at the age of 75.

References

1944 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from dementia with Lewy bodies
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States
Baseball players from California
Cincinnati Reds players
New York Mets players
Chicago White Sox players
Boston Red Sox players
National League All-Stars
People from Fresno, California
Kim Johnsson

Kim Johnsson (born March 16, 1976 in Malmö, Sweden) is a retired professional Swedish ice hockey player that played a combined 11 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL) as well as 6 seasons in the Swedish Elite League and 1 season in the National League A (NLA).

He played two seasons with the New York Rangers in 1999–00 and 2000–01 and was traded along with Jan Hlaváč, Pavel Brendl, and a 3rd-round pick to the Philadelphia Flyers for Eric Lindros on August 20, 2001. Johnsson played four seasons with the Flyers. He then signed a four-year contract with the Minnesota Wild and after four years in Minnesota he was traded to the Chicago Blackhawks along with Nick Leddy for Cam Barker.

1976 births
Chicago Blackhawks players
Living people
Minnesota Wild players
New York Rangers players
Philadelphia Flyers players
Swedish ice hockey players
People from Malmo
Swedish Hockey League players
Ice hockey defencemen
Craig Stansberry

Craig-Chad Leo Stansberry (born March 8, 1982 in Dammam, Saudi Arabia) is an American baseball player. He is a third baseman for the San Diego Padres of Major League Baseball (MLB).

Stansberry is the first baseball player born in Saudi Arabia to play for a Major League Baseball team.

Other websites 
 Player profile at MLB.com

1982 births
Living people
American baseball players
Kelly Slater

Kelly Slater (born February 11 1972) is a professional American surfer and actor. He is considered one of the best in surfing and he has a video game named after him called, Kelly Slater's Pro Surfer. He also voiced himself in the 2007 film, Surf's Up and has acted in many other movies and acted in ten episodes of Baywatch as the character Jimmy Slade.  Slater also formed a band with surfers Rob Machado and Peter King, called The Surfers and released an album. Slater has won many awards and has also been an ASP World Champion a record 11 times.

Other websites
Kelly Slater's Official website

1972 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Florida
Surfers
Government of Canada

The Government of Canada is a constitutional monarchy. It has a monarch, who currently is Queen Elizabeth II. She appoints a Governor General to Canada to represent herself. The country is run by a democratically elected government, led by a Prime Minister. A Parliament is elected, usually every five years. From the parliament, a cabinet is organized with the prime minister as leader.
List of Formula One circuits

This is a list of circuits (race tracks) used by FIA World Championship race. This list includes circuits which have hosted a Grand Prix from the  season to the  season. Also included are circuits scheduled to hold a Grand Prix in .

In total, 68 different circuits have hosted (or will host) a World Championship races. The first to do so was Silverstone. The first World Championship race, the  British Grand Prix, was held there. The longest was Pescara Circuit (25 km) which normally held the Coppa Acerbo race. It hosted one World Championship race, the  Pescara Grand Prix. One of the most famous is the old Nürburgring (22 km) which hosted the German Grand Prix from  to .

Several different forms of race tracks have been used in the history of Formula One. These include purpose-built race tracks such as Suzuka, road tracks such as Spa and city street tracks such as Monaco.

The circuits that will host a race in the  season are shown in bold.

Other websites 
Satellite Images of Formula One Circuits - browse satellite images of all Formula One circuits on Google maps.
All Formula 1 circuits of current season on Google Maps - track locations, satellite images and official weblinks to all Formula 1 circuits of the current season.
Ciro Pabón's Racetracks; 3D views, websites, official ticket sites and virtual laps of all the circuits in this list, via Google Earth.

Circuits
Circuits
Omniverse

The Omniverse is a set or number of supposedly co-existing parallel universes or contains archverses that forms all of existence.

By definition, there is no way for anything in one universe to affect something in another. The multiverse/omniverse theory is not yet a scientific idea because there is no way to test it. An idea that cannot be tested or is not based on logic is not science. So it is not known if multiverse/omniverse is a scientific idea, just as antiverse.

References 

Universe

Cosmology