cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Midway Atoll

Midway Atoll was the site of a famous battle in World War II, the Battle of Midway. The United States of America took control of the atoll in the 19th century when nobody lived there.

Wildlife 

Midway Atoll is now home to 67-70% of the world's Laysan Albatross population, and 34-39% of the global Black-footed Albatross.

While Midway supports nearly three million birds, each seabird species has carved out a specific site on the atoll in which to nest.  Seventeen different species of seabird can be found, the rarest of which is the Short-tailed Albatross, otherwise known as the “Golden Gooney.”  Fewer than 2,200 are believed to exist due to excessive feather hunting in the late nineteenth century.

Over 250 different species of looli marine life are found in the  of lagoon and surrounding waters. The critically endangered Hawaiian monk seals raise their pups on the beaches. Monk seals are benthic foragers and rely on the Midway Atoll’s reef fish, squid, octopus and crustaceans. Green sea turtles, another threatened species, occasionally nest on the island. The first was found in 2006 on Spitsy Rinaia Island and another in 2007 on Sand Island. A resident pod of 300 spinner dolphins live in the lagoons and nearshore waters.

Other websites 

 Satellite Map and NOAA Chart of Midway  on BlooSee
 AirNav - Henderson Field Airport : Airport facilities and navigational aids.
 Diary from the middle of nowhere BBC's environment correspondent David Shukman reports on the threat of plastic rubbish drifting in the North Pacific Gyre to Midway. Accessed 2008-03-26.
 Midway Atoll National Wildlife Refuge (this article incorporated some content from this public domain site)
 NOAA Midway Island Hawaiian Monk Seal Captive Care & Release Project
 The Battle of Midway: Turning the Tide in the Pacific, a National Park Service Teaching with Historic Places (TwHP) lesson plan
 Marines at Midway: by Lieutenant Colonel R.D. Heinl, Jr., USMC Historical Section, Division of Public Information Headquarters, U.S. Marine Corps 1948,
 Aviation: From Sand Dunes to Sonic Booms, a National Park Service Discover Our Shared Heritage Travel Itinerary
 Past residents of Midway Discussion of Midway related topics by former residents and those interested in Midway.
 U.S. Unincorporated Possessions. Accessed 2008-03-26.

Atolls
United States Minor Outlying Islands
Polynesia
Pacific islands
Islands of Oceania
Chino Hills, California

Chino Hills is a city in the U.S. state of California. It is in San Bernardino County. Almost 75,000 people live in Chino Hills. It is named for the hills that cover most of the city.

Cities in California
Settlements in San Bernardino County, California
Learning

Learning is getting new things into your brain. 

There are a number of different types of learning: 
Classical conditioning: where two stimuli come together, the organism learns they are related.
Operant conditioning: an organism changes its behaviour when behaviour has consequences.
Play: an inherited mechanism whereby mammals speed up learning in the young.
Gestalt learning: learning by insight
Imitation, emulation or observational learning: mimicking the behaviour of others
Implicit learning or unconscious learning: learning which is done without conscious awareness of the learning process.
Imprinting: a very rapid type of early learning.
Learning may occur as a result of habituation or classical conditioning, seen in many animal species, or as a result of more complex activities such as play, seen only in relatively intelligent animals. Learning may occur consciously or without conscious awareness. There is evidence for human behavioral learning prenatally, in which habituation has been observed as early as 32 weeks into gestation, indicating that the central nervous system is sufficiently developed and primed for learning and memory to occur very early in development. According to James Zull, Professor of Biology and Biochemistry at Case Western University, "Learn­ing is phys­i­cal. Learn­ing means the mod­i­fi­ca­tion, growth, and prun­ing of our neu­rons, connectionscalled synapsesand neu­ronal net­works, through expe­ri­ence".

References

Other websites 

 Explorations in Learning & Instruction: The Theory Into Practice Database 
 Articles about Natural Learning  from Natural Life magazine
 Interview with James Zull, Ph.D.
Acrocorinth

Acrocorinth is the acropolis of the Greek city Corinth.

Other websites 
 Hellenic Ministry of Culture: Fortress of Acrocorinth 

Buildings and structures in Greece
Post office

A post office is a place that is made available by the postal system to post, receive, sort, handle, and to move or deliver mail. postage stamps can be bought to mail things like packages  or letters and drop them off there, and the employees deliver it to the destination.

References

Other websites 

 
 GRC Database Information: worldwide post office website links
 Photos of post offices around the world
 Royal Mail Chat 
 The British Postal Museum & Archive
 United Kingdom Post Office site
 United States Postal Service
 Universal Postal Union

Postal service
MS-DOS

MS-DOS is a computer operating system by Microsoft Corporation. It stands for "Microsoft Disk Operating System", and came from an operating system Microsoft bought called 86-DOS, originally called QDOS, or "Quick and Dirty Operating System."  The operating system used a command-line interface for the user to input commands.  It was popularly used in PCs before a GUI operating system called Microsoft Windows came out, and still is used in some places today.

OS/2 was made to replace MS-DOS, but that replacement did not succeed.  MS-DOS was the framework behind Windows operating systems until an operating system known as Windows XP.

MS-DOS is a text-based operating system, meaning that a user works with a keyboard to input data and receives output in plain text.  Later, MS-DOS often had programs using a mouse and graphics to make work more simple and quick.  (Some people still believe that working without graphics is really more efficient.) It is called a disk operating system because it was originally made to be loaded into a computer's memory with a floppy disk each time the computer is started (booted) up.

MS-DOS was released as proprietary software, but decades later after most users had gone to other systems, it was released as free software.

How-To Books 

Many books were written on how to use MS-DOS.  A popular introductory book was MS-DOS for Dummies, by Dan Gookin, the book in the For Dummies series of easy to follow instruction books.

References

Microsoft operating systems
Internet service provider

An Internet service provider, or ISP, maintains, installs and provides internet connection to residential or commercial areas. Some examples of ISP clients include - homes, coffee shops, hotels, libraries, offices. They usually charge a fee for installing the connection and a monthly fee for maintaining it.

The internet is basically a web of interconnected networks - which are maintained by a huge number of different ISPs. They keep connected around the world by giving their clients access to other ISP networks. This is called peering.

Many ISPs have other services such as e-mail and web hosting service. 

ISPs offer different types of connections such as dial-up, DSL, through optical fiber wires, through a cable television connection, or wireless. Communications satellite connections are used mainly in remote areas. Dial-up is the slowest connection, while a direct fiber-optic connection is usually the fastest.
National Women's Hockey League

The National Women's Hockey League (NWHL) was an ice hockey league in Canada that was formed in 1999 and ended in 2007.  The best female players in the world played in this league and in the Western Women's Hockey League.  The mayor of Brampton, Ontario, Susan Fennell, was the NWHL's commissioner (president).

Teams in the NWHL

Brampton Thunder
British Columbia Breakers
Calgary Oval X-Treme
Edmonton Chimos
Montreal Axion
Montreal Jofa Titan
Minnesota Whitecaps
Oakville Ice
Ottawa Raiders
Laval Le Mistral
Quebec Avalanche
Saskatchewan Prairie Ice
Scarborough Sting
Strathmore Rockies
TELUS Lightning
Toronto Aeros
Vancouver Griffins

NWHL Champions

1999–2000 - Beatrice Aeros
2000-01  - Beatrice Aeros
2001-02  - Beatrice Aeros
2002-03 - Calgary X-Treme
2003-04 - Calgary X-Treme
2004-05 - Toronto Aeros
2005-06 - Montreal Axion
2006-07 - Brampton Thunder

Other websites 
NWHL/COWHL website for 2000-01
NWHL website

Ice hockey leagues in Canada]
Western Women's Hockey League

The Western Women's Hockey League (WWHL) is an ice hockey league in North America.  It was formed in 2004.  The best female players in the world play in this league and in the National Women's Hockey League (NWHL).  Some WWHL teams began in the NWHL. The Minnesota Whitecaps and the Manitoba Maple Leafs continue to be active teams and are playing a number of exhibition games as the league expands to include several new teams.

Teams in the WWHL
 Manitoba Maple Leafs
 Minnesota Whitecaps

Champions
 2010-11 - Minnesota Whitecaps
 2009-10 - Minnesota Whitecaps 
 2008-09 - Minnesota Whitecaps 
 2007-08 - Calgary Oval X-Treme 
 2006-07 - Calgary Oval X-Treme 
 2005-06 - Calgary Oval X-Treme 
 2004-05 - Calgary Oval X-Treme

Other websites 
WWHL website
Manitoba Maple Leafs 
Minnesota Whitecaps

Ice hockey leagues in Canada
Yukon

The Yukon is a territory of Canada, north of British Columbia, west of the Northwest Territories, and east of the American state of Alaska. Its population is 31,000. Most of the territory's people live in the capital of Whitehorse. Many of the people are native Canadians (First Nations).

The Yukon became a territory in 1898. It was part of the Northwest Territories from 1870 to 1898. Many people came to live in the Yukon during the Yukon Gold Rush of the 1890s.

Mount Logan, at 5959 metres above sea level, is Canada's highest mountain.

The most important industry in the Yukon is mining.

References

 
1898 establishments
1890s establishments in Canada
Provinces and territories of Canada
Hatikvah

Hatikvah (also transliterated as Hatikva, ; meaning: The Hope) is the national anthem of Israel. The song tells about the 2000-year-old hope of the Jewish people to return to their homeland, Israel. The song lyrics (words) were originally a 9-stanza poem called תקותנו (Tikvatenu), or "Our Hope," written by Naphtali Imber. "Hatikvah" uses only the first stanza and the refrain of Imber's poem. The last line of the refrain was changed, and the words were put to music. The music is from a very old—and very popular—folk song that Samuel Cohen, a Jew born in Spain, found himself humming one day. It is in a minor key, which is usually not used for national anthems, because it sounds sad, but the words to the song are about the Jews' hope that one day their sadness will be turned into joy.

Lyrics

Literal English translation
As long as in the heart, within,
A Jewish soul still yearns,
And onward, towards the ends of the east,
An eye still looks toward Zion;
Our hope is not yet lost,
The hope of two thousand years,
To be a free nation in our land,
The land of Zion and Jerusalem.

References

Other websites
Hatikvah performed by Xander Greene
Hatikvah on guitar
Hatikva by Enrico Macias
MIDI versions

Israeli music
National anthems
Stanley Cup

The Stanley Cup is a trophy given to the champion of the National Hockey League (NHL) every year.

It was bought by Lord Stanley, the Governor General of Canada, in 1892, for $50.  The first team to win it was the Montreal A.A.A. in 1893.  Other teams could challenge for it. By 1915, it was awarded on a yearly basis.

The names of players and others such as coaches are put on the cup every year.  As a result, the NHL had to make the cup bigger, by adding layers to the bottom.  When the first cup was full of names, they made a copy of it, which is now what is awarded.

Today, there are 31 teams in the NHL.  They play 82 games per year, and then 16 teams make the playoffs.  These teams play best-of-seven series until there is only one champion.

The Montreal Canadiens have won the Stanley Cup 24 times, the most of any team.  They also won the most in a row:  five between 1955-56 and 1959-60.

Henri Richard of the Montreal Canadiens appears the most on the Stanley Cup, 11 times.

The Stanley Cup was not awarded in 2005:  there was no NHL season because of a labour disagreement.  It was not awarded in 1919, either, because of the influenza epidemic.

Recent Stanley Cup winners 
 2021 Tampa Bay Lightning
 2020 Tampa Bay Lightning
2019 St. Louis Blues
 2018 Washington Capitals
 2017 Pittsburgh Penguins
 2016 Pittsburgh Penguins
 2015 Chicago Blackhawks
 2014  Los Angeles Kings
 2013  Chicago Blackhawks
 2012  Los Angeles Kings
 2011  Boston Bruins
 2010  Chicago Blackhawks
 2009  Pittsburgh Penguins
 2008  Detroit Red Wings
 2007  Anaheim Ducks
 2006  Carolina Hurricanes
 2005  Season cancelled
 2004  Tampa Bay Lightning
 2003  New Jersey Devils
 2002  Detroit Red Wings
 2001  Colorado Avalanche
 2000  New Jersey Devils
 1999  Dallas Stars
 1998  Detroit Red Wings
 1997  Detroit Red Wings
 1996  Colorado Avalanche
 1995  New Jersey Devils
 1994  New York Rangers
 1993  Montreal Canadiens
 1992  Pittsburgh Penguins
 1991  Pittsburgh Penguins
 1990  Edmonton Oilers
 1989  Calgary Flames
 1988  Edmonton Oilers
 1987  Edmonton Oilers
 1986  Montreal Canadiens
 1985  Edmonton Oilers
 1984  Edmonton Oilers
 1983  New York Islanders
 1982  New York Islanders
 1981  New York Islanders
 1980  New York Islanders
 1979  Montreal Canadiens
 1978  Montreal Canadiens
 1977  Montreal Canadiens
 1976  Montreal Canadiens
 1975  Philadelphia Flyers
 1974  Philadelphia Flyers
 1973  Montreal Canadiens
 1972  Boston Bruins
 1971  Montreal Canadiens
 1970  Boston Bruins
 1969  Montreal Canadiens
 1968  Montreal Canadiens
 1967  Toronto Maple Leafs

 
Ice hockey trophies and awards
National Hockey League trophies and awards
Militarization

Militarization is the general movement of a country to focus its production on war. This includes production of war machines such as tanks and aircraft as well as arms for infantry. There is a focus of the population to produce these goods. An example of this is seen when females during the Second World War would work in factories to produce planes and tanks. Militarism is simply a country that is focusing on increasing their military might through production and concentration of capital resources. 
This movement can be started in either a country at war already or in a country that is newly entering a conflict. Example of this include the one stated earlier, since the United States entered the Second World War they shifted from supplying Britain to producing their own weapons. When Germany was about to begin their invasion of Europe they started militarization. They broke the Treaty and began to produce weapons. Their focus changed from economic progress to fascism and militarism.

Military
Joseph Smith, Jr.

Joseph Smith, Jr. (December 23, 1805 – June 27, 1844) was an American religious leader. He started the Latter Day Saint movement (also called Mormonism). Latter Day Saints believe that Smith was a prophet.

Book of Mormon 
According to Joseph Smith's own story, when he was 17 years old, he was visited by an angel named Moroni. Moroni told him about a really old book written upon Golden Plates. It was buried in a hill. A few years later, Joseph said that he received those plates and translated them into the book that today is called The Book of Mormon. He instructed a man named Martin Harris to write down the words that he said was a translation of the plates. He said Moroni gave him seer stones which would help him translate the golden plates. Harris took home the pages and told his wife all about what had happened, but she did not believe him. Those pages were lost, and Joseph told Martin that God was very angry with them.  Eventually, Joseph was allowed to translate the rest of the book, with help from Oliver Cowdery instead of Martin Harris.

Mormon Church 
On April 6, 1830, he started The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. It is often called the Mormon Church. Joseph Smith said that God wanted him to be a prophet and teach other people the things that he learned from God. This church still exists today, with millions of members around the world.

Joseph Smith taught some things that some people did not like. He said that other churches were only partly true. He also said that men could have more than one wife if God commanded them, just like was taught in the Old Testament of the Bible. The Mormons also did not always get along with their neighbors.

Death
On June 7, 1844, some people who were upset with Smith created a newspaper in Nauvoo, Illinois called the Nauvoo Expositor This newspaper was filled with bad things about Smith, such as how Smith secretly had many wives. Some men even said that Smith tried to take their wives. Smith did nothing about it. Smith was arrested after being accused of trying to start a riot, and was put in jail in Carthage, Illinois as he waited for his trial to start. On June 27, a group of angry men entered the jail and killed Smith and his brother, Hyrum.

References

1805 births
1844 deaths
American Latter Day Saints
Religious leaders
Anastasia

Anastasia or Anastacia is a woman's name that comes from the Koine Greek. In English, it means "She who shall rise up again", but it is also used to mean "resurrection". The name, and its similar male name, Anastasius, were given to children born during Easter in the early years of Christianity.

The names "Stacey" (also spelled "Stacie", "Stacy" or "Stacee"),"Annie", "Tasia", and "Stasia" are short for Anastasia. The names "Ana" or “Nastya” are also common nicknames for those named Anastasia. 

It is also the name of several important women in history.

 Anastasia, daughter of Constantius I (a Roman emperor) and Flavia Maximiana Theodora
 Anastacia of Russia (died 1560), married to Ivan the Terrible
 Grand Duchess Anastasia Nikolaevna of Russia (1901-1918), daughter of Nicholas II of Russia.
 Eugenia Smith said she was the Grand Duchess Anastasia of Russia
 Anna Anderson said she was the Grand Duchess Anastasia of Russia
 Anastasia is the title of a movie telling the story of a pretender to the identity of the Grand Duchess.
 An animated movie version of the story was made in 1997.
 Albert Anastasia (1902-1957) was a Mafia boss who headed Murder, Inc. with Louis Buchalter.

Anastasia is also the name of:
 
 a 1956 song by Alfred Newman and Paul Francis Webster
 an American pop singer (a.k.a. Anastacia Newkirk) from Chicago, Illinois
 a music band from Macedonia
 a play.

Given names
Band

In music, a band is a group of people (usually musicians) that get together to sing songs, or perform music. There are different kinds of bands that use different groups of instruments.

Types of bands
A rock band is usually a group of 4 people with 1 or 2 electric guitars, a bass guitar, a drum kit and a singer. Some rock bands have only 3 members, like Rush.
A brass band is a group of about 20 - 30 people with brass instruments and drums.
A concert band is a large group of 20 - 60 people with woodwind instruments, brass instruments, drums and percussion instruments.
A marching band has similar instruments to the concert band. Instead of sitting down to play, they march in parades or at American football matches.
A folk band uses traditional styles of music from around the world. It can include a guitar, violin, tin whistle, flute, accordion, lagerphone and tea chest bass, and many other makeshift instruments. A lagerphone is a percussion instrument which uses bottle tops to make a sound. A tea chest bass is a one string instrument that uses a large wooden tea box to make the sound louder.

References

Other websites 

 
Basic English 850 words
Barry Sadler

Barry Sadler (November 1, 1940 – November 5, 1989) was an American soldier, songwriter and author. In 1966, He recorded a song called "The Ballad of The Green Berets". It was the biggest selling song that year. He later helped write the "Casca" series of books. He died after being shot in the head by a robber.

American singer-songwriters
Writers from New Mexico
American military people
Singers from New Mexico
1940 births
1989 deaths
Nancy Sinatra

Nancy Sandra Sinatra (born June 8, 1940) is an American singer and actress. She was born in Jersey City, New Jersey. She is the elder daughter of Frank Sinatra. She is best known for the song "These Boots Are Made for Walkin'".

She had a younger brother, Frank Sinatra, Jr. and has a younger sister, Tina Sinatra.

Related pages
List of country musicians from New Jersey

References 

1940 births
Living people
Actors from New Jersey
American movie actors
People from Jersey City, New Jersey
Singers from New Jersey
Frank Sinatra
The Rascals

The Rascals (formerly known as The Young Rascals) were an American pop-soul group popular in the 1960s.

Other websites

Rascals, the
Soul bands
Musical groups from New Jersey
Tommy Roe

Tommy Roe (born May 9, 1942) is an American singer and guitarist. He was popular in the 1960s. His best known songs were "Sweet Pea" and "Dizzy".

Singers from Atlanta, Georgia
Musicians from Georgia (U.S. state)
American guitarists
1942 births
Living people
THX 1138

THX 1138 is a 1971 movie and was the first feature movie directed by George Lucas and executive produced by Francis Ford Coppola and Coppola's production company American Zoetrope.

It was based on a short film Lucas made in college in 1967 called Electric Labyrinth THX 1138 4EB.

Other websites 
 

1971 movies
American science fiction movies
English-language movies
Dystopian movies
Pope Paul VI

Pope Paul VI (; ), born Giovanni Battista Enrico Antonio Maria Montini, was an Italian priest of the Roman Catholic Church and the 263rd Pope from 1963 until his death in 1978. Paul was a spiritual leader and the head of the church bureaucracy.

Early life
Montini was born in Concesio. That is near Brescia in northern Italy.  His father was editor of a Roman Catholic newspaper.  He received degrees in civil and canon law, theology and philosophy.

Before the papacy
Montini was ordained and celebrated his first mass in 1920.  He worked in the Vatican diplomatic corps. During World War II, he was in charge of the Vatican's work for refugees and prisoners of war. He was made Archbishop of Milan in 1954. Pope John XXIII made Montini a cardinal in 1958.

Pope
Cardinal Montini was elected Pope in 1963. Pope Paul continued the Second Vatican Council which was begun by Pope John XXIII. His first encyclical is the only one in the Vatican archives which is in the handwriting of the pope who delivered it. Paul VI was known as the "pilgrim" pope for his numerous travels.  He was the first pope to fly in an airplane.  

In 1964, Paul was the first pope to travel from Rome to the Holy Land. He flew first to Amman in Jordan. Then he traveled by car to Jerusalem. In 1970, the pope visited Australia, the Phillipines, and Indonesia. In 1975, Paul declared 1975 to be a "jubilee" year with themes of renewal and reconciliation.

In 1978, Prime Minister Aldo Moro was kidnapped in Rome. Pope Paul VI made an offer to exchange his life for Moro's. The offer was not accepted. Moro was killed 55 days later.

Death
At the age of 80, Pope Paul VI died at Castel Gandolfo, Italy, from a heart attack.

Legacy
The Pope Paul VI Hall is the modern building in which mass papal audiences are held.

Related pages
 List of popes

References

More reading
Serafian, Michael. (1964). The Pilgrim. New York: Farrar, Straus. OCLC 386084?

Other websites

  Vatican webpage,  Paul VI biography
  Catholic Hierarchy, Pope Paul VI
  Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church,  Cardinal Montini

1897 births
1978 deaths

Paul 06
Servants of God
Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
People from Lombardy
Macau

The Macao Special Administrative Region (Macau or Macao, ) is one of China's two Special Administrative Regions. (The other one is Hong Kong).  Macau is a small city in the southern coast in China. Like Hong Kong, Macau has a large amount of autonomy, with its own passport, currency, economic rules, and constitution.

It consists of Macau Peninsula (Aomen Bandao), Taipa Island (Dangzai Dao), Coloane Island (Luhuan Dao) and Cotai (Ludangcheng), the new reclaimed land between Taipa and Coloane. It is very densely populated, with over half a million people living in just over 12 square miles.

Macao used to be a colony of Portugal. Although Portuguese is an official language alongside Chinese (as a result of it being a Portuguese colony in the past), very few Macanese actually speak Portuguese; only about 0.7% speak it at home. As a matter of fact, English is more commonly spoken, despite it not being an official language (about 2.3% speak it at home). Cantonese is the main dialect of Chinese spoken in Macau. However, Mandarin has also become more common since Portugal returned it to China in 1999.

Today, Macao mostly lives off of offshore gambling. In fact, Macau generated 7 times greater gambling revenue than Las Vegas in 2013.  People in Macau also make some money from exporting clothing.

As Macau was previously a Portuguese colony, you can easily find traces of how the Portuguese culture is presented in the city. One of them is itinerary for couples, who are intending to spend a day exploring Macau.

Economy of Macau
Macau’s economy relies on gambling. Eighty percent of the government’s revenue  is derived from gambling. The revenue generated by gambling  in 2019 was $36.5 billion, which is about 6 times larger than Las Vegas. Macau has 41 casinos including several  that belong to Wynn resorts and Sands.

Macau is the only part of China where gambling is legal. Many of the customers of casinos are wealthy Chinese.

Around 2020 Chinese new year  authorities closed down travel from China to Macau. Visits fell eighty percent. It is estimated by some observers that the 2019–20 coronavirus outbreak will cost Macau between 5-15 percent of its gambling revenue.

References
Taipei

Taipei City () is the capital city of the Republic of China, known by most people simply as Taiwan. It is the largest city in Taiwan. It has a humid subtropical climate (Cfa in the Köppen climate classification). Its population in 2014 was about 2.7 million people. Its mayor is Ko Wen-je.

Taipei is the political, economic, educational, and cultural center of Taiwan island, and one of the major hubs of Greater China. Considered to be a global city, Taipei is part of a major high-tech industrial area. Railways, Taipei Metro, high-speed rail, highways, airports, and bus lines connect Taipei with all parts of the island. The city is served by two airports – Taipei Songshan and Taiwan Taoyuan. Taipei is home to various world-famous architectural or cultural landmarks which include Taipei 101, Chiang Kai-shek Memorial Hall, Dalongdong Baoan Temple, Taipei Zoo, National Taiwan University, Hsing Tian Kong, Lungshan Temple of Manka, National Palace Museum, Presidential Office Building, Taipei Guest House, Ximending, and several night markets dispersing over the city. Its natural features such as Maokong, Yangmingshan, and hot springs are also well known to international visitors.

History

In 1626, Spanish people took over and started to spread their religion. The Dutch moved out Spanish and took over their fortresses than the Dutch started their trading business. In 1661 Koxinga came to Taiwan and expel the Dutch. And he started to reclaim Taiwan, used a system called Tuntian (a state-promoted method of agriculture), it successfully help Taipei to grow more food. Taipei officially became part of the Tianxing county of China.

In 1683 Taiwan got marked as part of the Qing Dynasty. Therefore, a lot of Chinese moved into Taipei, so there were many villages and streets formed, like the Mengjia, Shilin Street, Xikou Street and Dadaocheng. Dadaocheng is a place that produces tea, it has an important impact on how Taipei became prosperous. It was the biggest external trade port that . Foreign countries started to set their business stores in Taipei.

Divisions
Taipei City is divided into 12 districts. Among the notable one is Tamsui.

Air quality 
When compared to other Asian cities, Taipei has "excellent" capabilities for managing air quality in the city. Its rainy climate, location near the coast, and strong environmental regulations have prevented air pollution from becoming a substantial health issue, at least compared to cities in southeast Asia and industrial China. However, smog is extremely common and there is poor visibility throughout the city after rain-less days.

Motor vehicle engine exhaust, particularly from motor scooters, is a source of air pollution in Taipei. There are higher levels of fine particulate matter and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the mornings because of less air movement; sunlight reduces some pollution.

Related pages
 List of counties of the Republic of China
 Kaohsiung (Second largest city in Taiwan)

References

Other websites 

 

 
1709 establishments
Establishments in Taiwan
1700s establishments in Asia
Antarctic Treaty System

The Antarctic Treaty System is a set of agreements about the continent of Antarctica. It was signed in 1959 and took effect in 1961. So far, it has been signed by 46-48 countries.

The ATS is used for governing the continent. The main idea of the Antarctic Treaty System (ATS) is to make sure that Antarctica is:
 is used peacefully and taken care of.
 is not exploited or used for animal hunting.
 is not involved with military use unless for peaceful purposes.
 is not owned by one group.
 is not ruled by any country and/or continent.
 is not used for violence e.g. testing nuclear missiles.

References

1950s treaties
Antarctica
Antarctic region
1959
1961
Kansas City, Missouri

Kansas City is the biggest city in the U.S. state of Missouri. The Kansas River and Missouri River meet one another in Kansas City. The city has about 448,000 people, and the entire metropolitan area has about 2,000,000 people, some of whom live in the state of Kansas. Its mayor is Sly James. Some sports teams there are the Royals (baseball), the Chiefs (American football), and the Wizards (soccer). Kansas City is well known for some of its barbecue restaurants, and is also an important place for business.

References

 
County seats in Missouri
Cascading Style Sheets

Cascading Style Sheets, or CSS, is a way to change the look of HTML and XHTML web pages. CSS was designed by the W3C, and is supported well by most modern web browsers. The current version of CSS is CSS3. CSS4 is available, but is split into parts.

One advantage to using CSS is a web page can still be displayed, even if the CSS is not working or removed.

CSS code is saved in files with the .css file extension.

CSS Examples 

Paragraphs

To make all paragraphs on a page blue and sized 20% bigger than normal text, we would apply this CSS rule to a page:

p {
color: blue;
font-size: 120%;
Background -color :white
}The p refers to all HTML elements with the <p> tag. The CSS is being used to change this element. The color and font-size are both properties and the blue and 120% are values. Each property has a set of possible values. These values can be words or numbers.

Main Title

To give the main Title on a page a solid red border underneath, we would apply this CSS rule to the page. 5px otherwise known as pixels, represents the thickness of the line:

h1 {
border-bottom: 5px solid red;
}The h1 refers to all HTML elements with the <h1> tag. The CSS is being used to change this element. The border-bottom is the property and the 5px and solid red are values. Each property has a set of possible values. These values can be words or numbers.

Other websites 
 W3C
 Website about CSS3

Programming languages
Proton decay

Proton decay is a theory where some physicists believe that radioactive decay could also be that a proton decays into two particles smaller than an atom, a pion and a positron. So far, this has not been observed though. Most current theories say that protons do not decay.

Nuclear physics

ja:陽子#陽子の崩壊
Names of God in Islam

The 99 Names of Allah (, translit: ) also known as the 99 attributes of Allah, according to Islamic tradition, are the names of Allah  revealed by the Creator (الله) (Allah) in the Qur'an. These are considered to be the attributes of Allah.
The 99 Names of Allah are very important to Muslims and in Islamic tradition which are taken from different verses of the Holy Qur'an.
 
According to Islamic tradition, whoever memorizes and acts upon the 99 names of Allah, will enter Paradise. 

They are: 

‘Allah’ is a title for All-Mighty Allah. The word Allah means One and only Allah in Arabic. It is a combination of ‘Ilah’ in Arabic which means Allah, and ‘al’ the alif and laam letters of the Arabic alphabet which denote the definite article, meaning the,Allah the only one.

References

 https://www.britannica.com/topic/Allah

Islam
Fallopian tube

The fallopian tubes (also known as oviducts and uterine tubes) connect the ovaries to the uterus, and let the ovum pass into the uterus where they are able to be fertilized by sperm during sexual intercourse.There are two Fallopian tubes attached to either side of the uterus.

Origin 
They are named after the 16th century Italian anatomist, Gabriele Falloppio. The Greek word salpinx (σαλπιγξ) means "trumpet".

Anatomy 
There are two Fallopian tubes attached to either side of the end of the uterus. Each tube will end near one ovary. This place is called the fimbria. The Fallopian tubes are not attached to the ovaries, but open into the peritoneal cavity.

In humans, the Fallopian tubes are about 7 - 14 cm long.

Parts 
There are four parts of the fallopian tube from the ovary to the uterus:
 The fimbria
 Infundibulum
Ampulla - where the ovum is fertilized
 Isthmus

Layers 

The fallopian tube is made of three layers:

 Mucosa - these are folded walls with ciliated cells along them.
 Muscularis externa
 Serosa

Movement 
The Fallopian tubes can move around the pelvis.

Fertilization 

When an ovum is ready to be released from the ovary, the ovary wall breaks open and the ovum goes into the fallopian tube. There, it starts moving towards to uterus with the help of liquids and cilia on the inside walls. This can take hours or days.

If the ovum is fertilized while in the fallopian tube, then it sticks to the endometrium, which is the beginning of pregnancy.

Treating blocked fallopian tubes 
If a patient's fallopian tubes are blocked by a small amount of scar tissue or adhesions, your Doctors use laparoscopic surgery (keyhole surgery) for removing the blockage and opening the tubes.

If your fallopian tubes are blocked by a large amount of scar tissue or adhesions, treatment may not be possible to clear the blockages.

Surgery may be an option to repair tubes damaged by an ectopic pregnancy or infection. If the blockage occurs because part of the fallopian tube is damaged, a doctor can remove the damaged part and connect the two healthy parts.

Related pages
 Menstrual cycle

References

Other websites 
 Causes of Blocked Fallopian Tubes
 Blocked fallopian tubes symptoms

Anatomy of the female reproductive system
Carmen Miranda

Carmen Miranda (February 9, 1909 – August 5, 1955) was a Portuguese-Brazilian singer and actress. She was best known for her exotic costumes and hats made of fruit.

Brazilian actors
Brazilian singers
Cardiovascular disease deaths in the United States
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Portuguese singers
1909 births
1955 deaths
Magnum, P.I.

Magnum, P.I. is an American crime drama television series. It stars Tom Selleck and John Hillerman. It was on TV from 1980 to 1988. It is about Thomas Magnum III, a smooth private detective working in Hawaii.

1980 establishments in the United States
1980 television series debuts
1988 disestablishments in the United States
1988 television series endings
1980s American drama television series
1980s American workplace television series
1980s crime television series
American workplace drama television series
Detective television series
Hawaii
CBS network shows
English-language television programs
Twin Peaks

Twin Peaks was an American television series that ran from 1990 to 1991. It told the story of an FBI agent who comes to the strange small town of Twin Peaks, Washington, to investigate the murder of a teenage girl. It was made by David Lynch. The show was successful around the world. In 1992, a Twin Peaks movie 'Twin Peaks: Fire Walk with Me' was released.

Cast
Dana Ashbrook
Kyle MacLachlan
Peggy Lipton
Joan Chen
Sam Stanley

Other websites 

1990s American television series
1990 American television series debuts
1991 television series endings
American crime drama television series
FBI in fiction
Mystery television series
Washington (U.S. state)
English-language television programs
English people

English people sometimes live in England, which is one of the nations of the island of Great Britain, which they share with Scottish people and the Welsh.  Originally they were descended from Anglo-Saxons and Celts.  Nowadays most of them have forebears from another European countries and from the rest of the world, after England and the rest of UK received large waves of Immigrants.  Many people leave England to emigrate to former British colonies, such as USA, Australia, New Zealand, Canada, Belize and South Africa, for example.

References

Germanic peoples
 
Ethnic groups in the United Kingdom
Cape Town

Cape Town is the second biggest city of South Africa.  It is also home to the South African Parliament where the country's representatives assemble.

It is at the Cape of Good Hope on the south-west coast.  It has a warm-summer Mediterranean climate. 

The city's dominant natural feature is Table Mountain, a mountain with a flat top.

History
It was originally called the "Cape of Storms" by Bartolomeu Dias in 1486, a Portuguese explorer but was changed by King John II of Portugal to "Cape of Good Hope". The town was started as the center of the Dutch Cape Colony in 1652.

References
The Clash

The Clash were an English punk band. The band was formed in London in 1976. Their lead singer was Joe Strummer (1952-2002). The group was one of the most popular punk bands in England in the mid-1970s.

Music style 
Although The Clash are known as an early punk rock band, they were willing to experiment with different styles, which they added to their music. Some of these styles were ska, reggae, and funk. Lyrics in their songs often dealt with political issues or stories in the news.

Awards
In 2003, the band entered the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. In 2004, Rolling Stone made a list of the Top 500 Rock Songs of All Time, and London Calling, a song by The Clash, was listed as song No. 15 on the list. No song by a punk rock band was higher on the list.

Members 
 Joe Strummer - Vocals and rhythm guitar
 Mick Jones - Lead guitar and vocals
 Paul Simonon - Bass guitar
 Topper Headon - Drums

Discography 
 The Clash - (8 April 1977) #12 UK, #126 U.S.[1] [2]
 Give 'Em Enough Rope - (10 November 1978) #2 UK, #128 U.S.
 London Calling (2LP) - (14 December 1979) #9 UK, #27 U.S.
 Sandinista! (3LP) - (12 December 1980) #19 UK, #24 U.S.
 Combat Rock - (14 May 1982) #2 UK, #7 U.S.
 Cut The Crap - (4 November 1985)

References

1976 establishments in the United Kingdom
1970s British music groups
1980s British music groups
English punk bands
Grammy Award winners
Musical groups disestablished in 1986
Musical groups established in 1976
Musical groups from London
 
1980s disestablishments in the United Kingdom

mzn:کلش (نمین)
Oasis (band)

The place where there is vegetation in the desert is an oasis

Oasis were an English rock band started in Manchester in 1991. The band came from an earlier group, the Rain, and its first members were Liam Gallagher (lead vocals, tambourine), Paul Arthurs (guitar), Paul McGuigan (bass guitar), and Tony McCarroll (drums). Noel Gallagher (lead guitar, vocals) later joined as a fifth member. While the band were active, they had many different members, though the Gallagher brothers stayed as a part of the band up until their break-up in 2009, which was minutes before they were about to play a concert.

Albums 
 1994 - Definitely Maybe
 1995 - (What's the Story) Morning Glory?
 1997 - Be Here Now
 1998 - The Masterplan
 2000 - Standing on the Shoulder of Giants
 2000 - Familiar to Millions
 2001 - Familiar to Millions - (dvd)
 2002 - Heathen Chemistry 
 2005 - Don't Believe the Truth 
 2006 - Stop the Clocks
 2008 - Dig Out Your Soul

Singles & E.P. 
1994 - Supersonic
1994 - Shakermaker
1994 - Live Forever
1994 - Cigarettes & Alcohol
1994 - Whatever
1995 - Some Might Say1995 - Roll with It
1995 - Morning Glory (only in Australia)
1995 - Wonderwall
1996 - Don't Look Back in Anger 
1996 - Champagne Supernova
1997 - D'You Know What I Mean?
1997 - Stand by Me 
1998 - All Around the World
1998 - Don't Go Away
2000 - Go Let It Out
2000 - Who Feels Love?
2000 - Sunday Morning Call
2002 - The Hindu Times
2002 - Stop Crying Your Heart Out
2002 - Little by Little / She Is Love
2003 - Songbird
2005 - Lyla
2005 - The Importance of Being Idle
2005 - Let There Be Love
2006 - Stop the Clocks E.P. - Acquiesce/The Masterplan
2007 - Lord Don’t Slow Me Down
2008 - The Shock of the Lightning
2008 - I'm Outta Time
2009 - Falling Down
2020 -  Don't  Stop... (Released by Noel Gallagher)

1991 establishments in England
1990s British music groups
2000s British music groups
2009 disestablishments in England
English rock bands
Musical groups disestablished in 2009
Musical groups established in 1991
Musical groups from Greater Manchester
Roy Hodgson

Roy Hodgson  CBE  (born 9 August 1947) is an English former football player and manager who is the current head coach of Watford. He was the recent manager of Crystal Palace from September 2017 to May 2021. He, along with Larry Barilli, are amongst the oldest active managers in football history.

On 23 February 2019, Roy Hodgson became the oldest man to manage a Premier League match, at the age of 71 years and 198 days.

References

1947 births
Living people
English footballers
English football managers
England national football team managers
Sportspeople from London
Crystal Palace F.C. players
Device driver

A device driver is a program that lets the operating system communicate with specific computer hardware. 

Computer parts need a driver because they do not use standard commands.  For example, video cards from Advanced Micro Devices (or AMD) and Nvidia do the same job, but each requires its own driver as different hardware requires different commands.  Different operating systems also need different drivers, a driver written for macOS can not be used by Microsoft Windows.

Many parts of a computer need drivers, and common examples are:
Computer printers
Graphic cards
Modems
Network cards
Sound cards

Some other computer parts do not need drivers (or the driver is built-in to the operating system) because they use a kind of standard; the operating system recognizes those parts and knows how to use those parts.

Such parts include items on the following list:
Processors
RAMs
Compact disc (called CD) and digital versatile disc (called DVD) drives (including player and burner).
Mouse and keyboard
Integrated video cards
PC speaker (the speaker inside the computer case that beeps)
Floppy drives
Hard drives
USB flash drives (or thumb drive)
USB webcams
USB sound cards
USB hubs (devices that turn one USB port into two or more)

computer science
software
Computer hardware
Running of the Bulls

The Running of the Bulls (in Spanish el encierro, meaning "the enclosing") is an activity that involves running in front of bulls on a course of a sectioned-off area of a town's streets. It is done all around Spain, but the most famous running of the bulls is in Pamplona. In most bull runs the bulls are not killed, and they live for a whole season. This is a dangerous activity but very exciting. Safety varies in some places like Xabia the area is surrounded by cages that people can slip in and out of but the bulls can not.

Spanish culture
Pamplona
Red shift

Red shift is a way astronomers use to tell the distance of any object that is very far away in the Universe. The red shift is one example of the Doppler effect. 

The easiest way to experience the Doppler effect is to listen to a moving train. As the train moves towards a person, the sound it makes as it comes towards them sounds like it has a higher tone, since the frequency of the sound is squeezed together a little bit. As the train speeds away, the sound gets stretched out, and sounds lower in tone. The same happens with light when an object that emits light moves very fast. An object, like a star or a galaxy that is far away and moving toward us, will look more blue than it normally does.  This is called blue shift.  A star or galaxy moving away from us will look more red than it would if the source were not moving in our frame of reference. This is where red shift got its name, since the colors are shifted towards the red end of the spectrum.

The reason astronomers can tell how far the light gets shifted is because chemical elements, like hydrogen and oxygen, have unique fingerprints of light that no other element has. Astronomers use spectroscopy to analyse the light from an object (galaxy or star}. Once they know that, they check to see the difference between where the spectral lines are compared to where they normally are. From that, they can tell whether it is moving toward us or away from us, and also how fast it is going. The faster it goes, the farther the spectral lines are from their normal position in the spectrum.

Other websites

Ned Wright's Cosmology tutorial
Article on redshift from SPACE.com
Cosmic reference guide entry on redshift 
Mike Luciuk's Astronomical Redshift tutorial 
Animated GIF of Cosmological Redshift by Wayne Hu

Astronomical phenomena
Cosmology
1101



Events 
 A second wave of crusaders arrives in the newly established Kingdom of Jerusalem, after being heavily defeated by Kilij Arslan I at Heraclia. See Crusade of 1101.
 Raymond IV of Toulouse, count of Tripoli, takes Ankara from the Seljuk Turks.
 Robert Curthose signs the Treaty of Alton, giving up his claim to the Anglo-Norman throne and establishing Henry I as King of England.
 The County of Berg, Germany is established.
 Canute II of Denmark is canonized.
1137



Events 
 Louis VII becomes King of France and marries Eleanor of Aquitaine
 Rochester Cathedral is hurt by a fire, but is soon rebuilt.
1207

1207 is a year in the 13th century.

Events 
 Stephen Langton consecrated Archbishop of Canterbury June 17 by Pope Innocent III.
 Pope Innocent III declares for Philip of Swabia as Holy Roman Emperor, a reversal of his previous support for Otto IV.
 King John issued letters patent creating the new Borough of Liverpool

Births 
 September 8 – King Sancho II of Portugal
 September 30 – Jalal al-Din Muhammad Rumi, Persian poet and Sufi mystic (died 1273)
 October 1 – King Henry III of England (died 1272)
 Henry II, Duke of Brabant (died 1248)
 Elisabeth of Hungary, daughter of Andrew II of Hungary and saint (died 1231)
 Philip I of Savoy (died 1285)

Deaths 
 January 4 – Simon II, Duke of Lorraine
 June 17 – Daoji, Chinese buddhist monk (born 1130)
 Amaury of Bene, heretic
 Kaloyan, Tsar of Bulgaria
 Xin Qiji, Chinese poet (born 1140)

Monarchs/Presidents 
 France – Philippe II, Auguste King of France (reigned from 1180 to 1223)
 Mongol Empire – Genghis Khan, Mongol Khan (from 1206 to 1227)
 Venice – Pietro Ziani Doge of Venice (ruled from 1205 to 1229)
 England – John King of England (reigned from 1199 to 1216)
 Latin Empire of Constantinople – Henry of Flanders (reigned from 1205 to 1216)
 Pope – Innocent III (pope from 1198 to 1216)