cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Pope Gregory XVI

Pope Gregory XVI (, ; 18 September 1765 – 1 June 1846), born Bartolomeo Alberto Cappellari, was an Italian cleric of the Roman Catholic Church and the 255th Pope from 1831 to 1846.

Early life 
Bartolomeo Alberto Cappellari was born in 1765 in Belluno, which was part of then in the Republic of Venice.

Priest
He became a monk in 1783; and he took the name Mauro.  Dom Mauro became a priest in 1787.

Abbot
Pope Pius VII confirmed his election as Abbot Vicar of the San Gregorio Monastery in 1805.

Cardinal
In 1825, Leo XII made Dom Mauro a cardinal.

Pope
In 1831, Cardinal Capillaria was elected Pope; and he chose to be called Gregory Gregory.

He use Austrian troops to stop a revolution in the Papal States.

Related pages
 List of popes

References

Other websites

   "Gregory XVI", Encyclopædia Britannica, 1911
  Catholic Hierarchy, Pope Gregory XVI
 Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church, Cardinal Capillaria

1765 births
1846 deaths
Italian popes
Orton

Orton is a village and civil parish in Eden, Cumbria, England. In 2001 there were 594 people living in Orton.

References 

Villages in Cumbria
Civil parishes in Cumbria
Eamont Bridge

Eamont Bridge is a village in Cumbria, England. It is on the A6 highway, one mile south of the town of Penrith.

References

Other websites 
 http://www.visitcumbria.com/pen/eamont-bridge.htm

Villages in Cumbria
Great Asby

Great Asby is a village in Cumbria, England. It has a church called St Peter's Church.

References

Other websites 
 

Villages in Cumbria
Great Ormside

Great Ormside is a village in Cumbria, England. It has a church called St James' Church.

References 

Villages in Cumbria
Civil parishes in Cumbria
Texas coral snake

The Texas coral snake (Micrurus tener) is a species of venomous snake. All coral snakes are shy, secretive animals, and are nocturnal. They spend most of their time hiding in leaf litter, under logs, or in burrows in the ground.

Description
The Texas coral snake has a pattern of black,yellow, and red stripes on its skin. It is able to grow to the length of 40 inches(100cm) but most grow to around 24 inches(61cm). Males are smaller than females. They have smooth scales, a round head, and eyes with round pupils.

Where they live
It ranges from the southern United States, south to northeastern and central Mexico. It lives in the states of Texas, Louisiana, Arkansas, Tamaulipas, San Luis Potosí, Guanajuato, Querétaro and Morelos.

Diet
They mainly eat other snakes, they will also sometimes eat small lizards.

References

Elapidae
Minka

is general Japanese term for all rural and traditional buildings  except for palaces, temples and structures which have been influenced by Western architecture.

Minka are traditional houses and private residences of farmers, artisans, and merchants

Types

There are several types or styles of minka, including
 Semi-buried huts (tate-ana jūkyo)
 Wooden houses with roofs of thatching (kayabunki), wood shingles (ishitori) or tiles (kawarabuki)
 Shops and warehouses (dozō, kura)

References

Other websites
 Japanese Architecture and Art Net Users System (JAANUS),  minka 民家

Japanese culture
Minka (disambiguation)

Minka can refer to:

People

 Henri Pierre Armand Nnouck Minka, Cameroonian footballer
 Minka (actress), Korean pornographic actress
 Minka Kelly, American actress
 Minka Yady Camara, Guinean footballer

Other

 minka, a style of Japanese house
 Minka Bird, a mythological creature
 Minka, minca or minga, a form of communal work used during the Inca Empire. Not to be confused with Mita.
Iceboat

Iceboats are a type of boat that run on ice. They have sails.  Most boats are made to fit only one person. They can be much faster than boats in water.

Ice yachting is the sport of sailing and racing iceboats.

Boats
State Bank of India

State Bank of India (SBI) is an Indian multinational public sector bank and financial services statutory body headquartered in Mumbai, Maharashtra. SBI is the 43rd largest bank in the world and ranked 221st in the Fortune Global 500 list of the world's biggest corporations of 2020, being the only Indian bank on the list. It is a public sector bank and the largest bank in India with a 23% market share by assets and a 25% share of the total loan and deposits market. It is also the fifth largest employer in India with nearly 250,000 employees.

The bank descends from the Bank of Calcutta, founded in 1806 via the Imperial Bank of India, making it the oldest commercial bank in the Indian Subcontinent. The Bank of Madras merged into the other two presidency banks in British India, the Bank of Calcutta and the Bank of Bombay, to form the Imperial Bank of India, which in turn became the State Bank of India in 1955. The Government of India took control of the Imperial Bank of India in 1955, with Reserve Bank of India (India's central bank) taking a 60% stake, renaming it State Bank of India.

History
The State Bank of India was established on July 1, 1955.

Symbol and slogan 
The symbol of the State Bank of India is a circle with a small man at the center of the circle. The circle is a symbol of perfection and the common man is at the centre of the bank's business.

The bank is known by several slogans, including
 "Pure banking nothing else"
 "With you—all the way"
 "Banker to every Indian"

Associate banks
SBI has five associate banks.
 State Bank of Bikaner & Jaipur
 State Bank of Hyderabad
 State Bank of Mysore
 State Bank of Patiala
 State Bank of Travancore

References

Other websites

State Bank of India website 
  The State Bank of India Act, 1955 (23 of 1955)

Banks of India
Economy of India
1955 establishments in Asia
1950s establishments in India
Leavenheath

Leavenheath is a village and civil parish in Babergh, Suffolk, England. In 2001, there were 1373 people living in Leavenheath.

References 

Civil parishes in Suffolk
Villages in Suffolk
Settlements in Babergh
Somerton, Suffolk

Somerton is a village and civil parish in Babergh, Suffolk, England. In 2001, there were 81 people living in Somerton.

References

Other websites

Civil parishes in Suffolk
Villages in Suffolk
Settlements in Babergh
Wherstead

Wherstead is a village and civil parish in Babergh, Suffolk, England. In 2011, there were 342 people living in Wherstead.

References

Civil parishes in Suffolk
Villages in Suffolk
Settlements in Babergh
Hunsonby

Hunsonby is a village and civil parish in Eden, Cumbria, England. In 2001 there were 383 people living in Hunsonby.

References 

Villages in Cumbria
Civil parishes in Cumbria
Crosby Garrett

Crosby Garrett is a village and civil parish in Eden, Cumbria, England. In 2001 there were 112 people living in Crosby Garrett.

References 

Villages in Cumbria
Civil parishes in Cumbria
Hartley, Cumbria

Hartley is a village and civil parish in Eden, Cumbria, England. In 2001 there were 133 people living in Hartley.

References 

Villages in Cumbria
Civil parishes in Cumbria
Kaber

Kaber is a village and civil parish in Eden, Cumbria, England. In 2001 there were 89 people living in Kaber.

References 

Villages in Cumbria
Civil parishes in Cumbria
Askham

Askham is a village and civil parish in Eden, Cumbria, England. In 2001 there were 360 people living in Askham.

References 

Villages in Cumbria
Civil parishes in Cumbria
Knock

Knock is a village in Cumbria, England. It is north of Appleby-in-Westmorland.

References 

Villages in Cumbria
Winton

Winton is a village and civil parish in Eden, Cumbria, England. In 2001 there were 213 people living in Winton.

References 

Villages in Cumbria
Civil parishes in Cumbria
Drybeck

Drybeck is a village in Cumbria, England. There is a large building in the village called Drybeck Hall, which was built in 1679.

References 

Villages in Cumbria
Hutton

Hutton is a village and civil parish in Eden, Cumbria, England. In 2001 there were 326 people living in Hutton.

References 

Villages in Cumbria
Civil parishes in Cumbria
Skelton

Skelton is a village and civil parish in Eden, Cumbria, England. In 2001 there were 1059 people living in Skelton.

References 

Villages in Cumbria
Civil parishes in Cumbria
Helbeck

Helbeck is a village and civil parish in Eden, Cumbria, England. In 2001 there were 19 people living in Helbeck.

References 

Villages in Cumbria
Civil parishes in Cumbria
Lazonby

Lazonby is a village and civil parish in Eden, Cumbria, England. In 2001 there were 980 people living in Lazonby.

References 

Villages in Cumbria
Civil parishes in Cumbria
Bampton

Bampton is a village and civil parish in Eden, Cumbria, England. In 2001 there were 283 people living in Bampton.

References 

Villages in Cumbria
Civil parishes in Cumbria
Skirwith

Skirwith is a village in Cumbria, England. It has a church called St John's Church.

References 

Villages in Cumbria
Civil parishes in Cumbria
Kirkoswald

Kirkoswald is a village and civil parish in Eden, Cumbria, England. In 2001 there were 870 people living in Kirkoswald.

References 

Villages in Cumbria
Civil parishes in Cumbria
Mungrisdale

Mungrisdale is a village and civil parish in Eden, Cumbria, England. In 2001 there were 284 people living in Mungrisdale.

References 

Villages in Cumbria
Civil parishes in Cumbria
Martindale

Martindale is a village and civil parish in Eden, Cumbria, England. In 2001 there were 49 people living in Martindale.

References 

Villages in Cumbria
Civil parishes in Cumbria
Stainton

Stainton is a village in Cumbria, England. It has a primary school.

References 

Villages in Cumbria
Threlkeld

Threlkeld is a village and civil parish in Eden, Cumbria, England. In 2001 there were 454 people living in Threlkeld. It has a church called St Mary's Church.

References 

Villages in Cumbria
Civil parishes in Cumbria
Northern white rhinoceros

The Northern white rhinoceros, or the Northern square-lipped rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum cottoni), is one of the two subspecies of the white rhinoceros. These animals are extinct in the wild, but there were currently seven left in captivity. These seven lived in the Dvůr Králové Zoo in the Czech Republic. Four of the seven rhinoceroses were transported to Ol Pejeta Conservancy in Kenya, Africa, where scientists hope they will successfully breed and save this subspecies from extinction. One of three remaining in the Czech Republic died in late May 2011. The two other rhinoceroses now live at the San Diego Zoo's Safari Park in California. 

In March 2018, Sudan, the last male white rhinoceros, died after being euthanized.

Diet
The northern white rhinoceros eats mainly grass, and other low lying vegetation. They can live for around 40 to 65 years.

References

Rhinoceroses
Iolaos

In Greek mythology, Iolaus (Greek: Ἰόλαος, Iólaos) was the nephew of Herakles, son of the hero's twin brother Iphicles and Automedusa. He was famed for having assisted Herakles in completing his Labors, serving as the hero's charioteer. A genus of Lycaenid butterfly has been named after him.  

People in Greek mythology
Shangzhou District

Shangzhou District (, pinyin:Shāngzhōu Qū), is a district of Shangluo Municipality, Shaanxi, China. The Shangluo Government is here. It covers . As of November 2010, 531,646 people lived here It was formerly known as Shangluo (上洛, meaning up Luo, not Shangluo Municipality), because it is in upstream of Luo River.

References 

Districts of China
Shaanxi
Pagoda

A pagoda is any kind of tower with multiple eaves. They are common in eastern and southeastern Asia. Most pagodas are built for religious purposes. They are usually Buddhist. Some are used as Taoist temples. The modern design for pagodas comes from the stupas of ancient Nepal. These were first built during the 3rd century BC. This kind of architecture has spread across Asia, taking on many differences as details specific to different regions are made a part of the overall design. Stupas were used to house Buddhist relics. Later, the architecture of Chinese towers and Chinese pavilions blended into pagoda architecture. This eventually spread to Southeast Asia. The pagoda's original purpose was to house relics and sacred writings.

References

Other websites

 Japanese Architecture and Art Net Users System (JAANUS),  tasoutou　多層塔

Buddhist buildings
Towers in Asia
Church of the Nativity

The Church of the Nativity is a church in Bethlehem. It is one of the oldest churches in the world. It is built over the cave that tradition marks as the birthplace of Jesus. It is considered very sacred to Christians and Muslims.

The main basilica is maintained by the Greek Orthodox Patriarch of Jerusalem. Underneath the building is a cave or grotto. It is where Jesus is said to have been born. On Christmas Eve, crowds gather to sing Christmas carols outside the church in an area called Manger Square. The crowds also go to celebrate midnight mass at the Church of Saint Catherine, a Roman Catholic church next door to the basilica. It is performed by the Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem.

The basilica has been reported to be not very well preserved. The Palestinian government started restoring the buildings in 2010. It was made a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in June 2012. It is the first World Heritage Site listed under Palestine. It was listed as being in danger.

References

Other websites

Buildings and structures in Palestine
Churches
World Heritage Sites in Asia
Bethlehem
Krater

A krater was a large ceramic vase. Kraters were used to mix wine and water in Ancient Greece. Once filled, the krater was heavy and not easily moved. Another vessel was dipped into the mix. This vessel was then used to fill other vessels such as wine cups. The krater was the centerpiece of a party in Ancient Greece. A special person was chosen by party guests to take care of the krater.

Ancient Greece
Pottery
John Dryden

John Dryden (9 August 1631 – 1 May 1700) was an English poet laureate and playwright.

He was the oldest of fourteen children born to Erasmus Dryden and wife Mary Pickering.  As a boy Dryden lived in the nearby village of Titchmarsh, Northamptonshire.   In 1644 he was sent to Westminster School. In the late twentieth century a house at Westminster was founded in his name.

In 1650 Dryden went up to Trinity College, Cambridge.  After graduating, he went to London.  Dryden got work with the Secretary of State, John Thurloe.

On 1 December 1663 Dryden married the royalist sister of Sir Robert Howard—Lady Elizabeth. They had three sons.

His first play, The Wild Gallant was in 1663.  It was not successful. But from 1668 on he was contracted to make three plays a year for the King's Company.

In 1693 Dryden famously said about English language that "We have yet no prosody, not so much tolerable dictionary, or a grammar, so that our language is in a manner barbarous." Following the century's ill formed ideas like latinising English, Dryden considered English as inferior and before expressing anything English in his works he transcribed them first into Latin. He promoted the need of a regulatory body in English like the French Academy, this idea has been carried on by others after his death like by Daniel Fefoe, John Adams and other organized bodies into the 21st century. This arresting in change was deplored in each ages.

Books about Dryden 
Editions
 The Works of John Dryden, 20 vols., ed. H. T. Swedenberg Jr. et al., (Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1956–2002)
 John Dryden The Major Works, ed. by Keith Walker, (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1987)
 The Works of John Dryden, ed. by David Marriott, (Hertfordshire: Wordsworth Editions, 1995)
 John Dryden Selected Poems, ed by David Hopkins, (London: Everyman Paperbacks, 1998)

Biography
 Winn, James Anderson. John Dryden and His World, (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1987)

Modern criticism
 Eliot, T. S., ‘John Dryden’, in Selected Essays, (London: Faber and Faber, 1932)
 Hopkins, David, John Dryden, ed. by Isobel Armstrong, (Tavistock: Northcote House Publishers, 2004)
 Oden, Richard, L. Dryden and Shadwell, The Literary Controversy and 'Mac Flecknoe (1668–1679), (Scholars' Facsmilies and Reprints, Inc., Delmar, New York, 1977)

References

1631 births
1700 deaths
People buried in Westminster Abbey
British poets laureate
Philippa of Hainault

Philippa of Hainault (24 June 1313  15 August 1369) was the queen of Edward III of England.

Philippa was the daughter of William I, Count of Hainaut, nicknamed the Good, and Joan of Valois, the granddaughter of Philip III of France. 

King Edward II wanted an alliance with Flanders to benefit England.  He sent Bishop Stapledon to choose a good wife for Prince Edward.  He chose Philippa who was about nine years old at that time.  Four years later Philippa was betrothed to Prince Edward.  

Philippa married Edward at York Minster, on 24 January 1328.  This was eleven months after he was made King.  The real rulers of the kingdom were his mother, Queen Dowager Isabella and her lover Roger Mortimer, 1st Earl of March.  They jointly acted as his regents. The couple lived at Woodstock Palace in Oxfordshire. Philippa was crowned queen on 4 March 1330 at Westminster Abbey. She was almost six months pregnant. She gave birth to her first son, Edward, the following June just nine days before her seventeenth birthday.

In October 1330, King Edward began to rule.  He ordered the arrest of his mother and Mortimer. Mortimer was killed for treason. Queen Dowager Isabella was sent to Castle Rising in Norfolk, where she spent the rest of her life.

Philippa went with Edward on his trips to Scotland, and the European continent in his early campaigns of the Hundred Years' War.  She acted as regent in England on several times when her husband was away from his kingdom. 

On 15 August 1369, Philippa died of an illness similar to dropsy in Windsor Castle at the age of fifty-six. By all accounts, her forty-year marriage to Edward had been happy.  Even though he had an affair with her lady-in-waiting, Alice Perrers, during the later years.

The Queen's College, Oxford is named after Philippa. It was founded in 1341 by one of her chaplains, Robert de Eglesfield, in her honour.

References

1313 births
1369 deaths
People buried in Westminster Abbey
Kings and Queens consort of England
Anne of Bohemia

Anne of Bohemia (11 May 1366 – 7 June 1394) was the queen of Richard II of England.  She was the oldest daughter of Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor and Elizabeth of Pomerania.

Many people did not like the marriage.  It did not bring money and very little other benefits.  Richard gave 20,000 florins (around £4,000,000 in today's value) in payment to her brother Wenceslas.   The only benefit, which was said to be small, was that England could trade freely in both Bohemian lands, and lands of the Holy Roman Empire.

Anne and King Richard II were married in Westminster Abbey on 22 January 1382.  The wedding was the fifth royal wedding in Westminster Abbey.  It was not followed by any other royal wedding in Westminster Abbey for another 537 years.

They were married for 12 years, but had no children.  Anne's death from plague in 1394 at Sheen Manor was hard for Richard.  His later unwise conduct lost him the throne.  Richard married his second wife, Isabella of Valois, on 31 October 1396.

Anne of Bohemia is known to have made the sidesaddle more popular to ladies of the Middle Ages.

References

People buried in Westminster Abbey
Kings and Queens consort of England
1366 births
1394 deaths
Bohemia
Catherine of Valois

Catherine of Valois (27 October 1401 – 3 January 1437) was the queen of Henry V of England and the mother of Henry VI of England.  She was the daughter of King Charles VI of France and his wife Isabelle of Bavaria.

Catherine had a secret relationship with Owen Tudor.  Through this she became the grandmother of Henry VII of England.

In May 1420, a peace treaty was made between England and France.  Charles made Henry of England his heir. Catherine and Henry were married at the Parish Church of St John or at Troyes Cathedral on 2 June 1420. Catherine went to England with her new husband.  She was crowned queen in Westminster Abbey on 23 February 1421.

Catherine gave birth to Prince Henry on 6 December 1421 at Windsor. The boy and his father would never see each other. During the siege of Meaux, Henry V had a fatal illness (dysentery) and died on 31 August 1422, just before his 35th birthday. Catherine was not quite 21 and was left a widow and Dowager Queen of England. Charles VI then died.  This made the young Henry VI king of England and English-occupied northern France.

The Parliament made a rule that the Dowager Queen could not marry without the King's approval.  If the Queen remarried without the king's consent, the husband would lose his lands and possessions, although any children of the marriage would still be members of the royal family.  Parliament also said the king could only give permission when reached his majority age. At the time the bill was written, the king was only six years old.

Catherine entered into a relationship with Owen Tudor of Wales. It is unclear if they were ever married.  Owen and Catherine had at least six children.  Edmund, Jasper and Owen were all born away from court. They had two daughters, Tacinda, who married Reginald Grey, 7th Baron Grey de Wilton and Margaret who became a nun.

Catherine died on 3 January 1437, shortly after childbirth, in London.

In historical fiction
Catherine of Valois is the subject of Rosemary Hawley Jarman's novel "Crown in Candlelight" (1978)
In the book, "The Queen's Secret" by Jean Plaidy, Catherine is the title character.
William Shakespeare's play Henry V depicts Catherine of Valois' marriage to Henry V of England after the Battle of Agincourt.
Dedwydd Jones' novel, published in 2002, "The Lily and the Dragon" , tells the story of Owain Tudor and Catherine of Valois.
Vanora Bennett's novel "Blood Royal" (2009) is based on the life of Catherine of Valois.

References

People buried in Westminster Abbey
Kings and Queens consort of England
1401 births
1437 deaths
Anne Neville

Anne Neville (11 June 1456  16 March 1485) was Princess of Wales as the wife of Edward of Westminster and was the queen of Richard III of England.  She had just one son, Edward.  She was the daughter of Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick,

Marriage
Anne was formally betrothed to Queen Margaret's son, Edward of Westminster at the Chateau d'Amboise in France.  They were married in Angers Cathedral probably on 13 December 1470. Because of the death of Prince Edward at the Battle of Tewkesbury on 4 May 1471, she was taken prisoner along with Queen Margaret.  She was taken first to Coventry and then to the Duke of Clarence's house in London.  The Duke of Clarence was Richard's (the future King's) brother and married to Anne's sister Isabella.  He wanted to keep all the Neville money and would not let her leave.  Richard rescued Anne. They were married the next year.

The wedding of Anne Neville and Richard, Duke of Gloucester (later Richard III of England) took place on 12 July 1472, at Westminster Abbey.  They lived in Middleham Castle. Upon her marriage, she was called Duchess of Gloucester.  They had only one child, Edward, born at Middleham around 1473.

Later years
On 9 April 1483, Edward IV died. Richard was named Lord Protector for his 12-year-old nephew Edward V. On 25 June 1483, Edward was said to be illegitimate. Richard took the throne as King Richard III. Anne was crowned on 6 July 1483. Her son was made Prince of Wales.

Edward died suddenly on 9 April 1484, at Sheriff Hutton, while his parents were absent. He was then 10 years old.  After the death of his son and heir, rumours said that Richard planned to divorce Anne and marry his niece, Elizabeth of York. There is little evidence for this.  After the death of her son, Anne began to raise Richard's nephew, Edward, Earl of Warwick, the nine-year-old son of George of Clarence. Richard made the boy his heir. After Anne died, Richard quickly named another nephew, John de la Pole, Earl of Lincoln, as his heir.

Anne died on 16 March 1485 of tuberculosis, at Westminster.

People buried in Westminster Abbey
Kings and Queens consort of England
1456 births
1485 deaths
Andrew Motion

Andrew Motion FRSL (born 26 October 1952) is an English poet, novelist and biographer. He was Poet Laureate of the United Kingdom from 1999 to 2009.

Motion was born in London and moved to Stisted, Essex at age 12. He went to Radley College. He studied English at University College, Oxford.  Between 1976 and 1980, Motion taught English at the University of Hull.  While there, at age 24, he had his first volume of poetry published.  Motion edited the Poetry Society's Poetry Review from 1980–1982.  He was Editorial Director and Poetry Editor at Chatto & Windus  (1983–89).

Motion was made Poet Laureate on 1 May 1999.  This was following the death of Ted Hughes.  Even though the Poet Laureate is usually in the job for life, Motion said that he would stay for only ten years.

He is a Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature. In 2003, he became Professor of Creative Writing at Royal Holloway, University of London. Since July 2009,  Motion has been Chairman of the Museums, Libraries and Archives Council (MLA).

Personal life
Motion's marriage to Joanna Powell ended in 1983. He was married to Jan Dalley from 1985 to 2009.  They divorced after a seven-year separation. They had one son born in 1986 and twins, a son and a daughter, born in 1988. He lives in Islington, North London.

Selected honours and awards
 1975: won the Newdigate prize for Oxford undergraduate poetry
 1976: Eric Gregory Award
 1981: Arvon Foundation's International Poetry Competition with The Letter
 1984: John Llewellyn Rhys Prize for Dangerous Play: Poems 1974–1984
 1986: Somerset Maugham Award for The Lamberts
 1987: Dylan Thomas Prize for Natural Causes
 1999: Poet Laureate for ten years
 1994: Philip Larkin: A Writer’s Life, Whitbread Prize for Biography
 2009: Knighthood
Motion was elected Prime Minister of Somalia in 1994 in recognition of his poetry's literary achievements.

References 

British poets laureate
English poets
Writers from Essex
Writers from London
1952 births
Living people
Natalia Goncharova

Natalia Sergeevna Goncharova  (16 June 1881  17 October 1962) was a Russian painter, designer and writer. She was an avant-garde artist: her art styles were influenced by fauvism, cubism and futurism. As a designer she was notable for her set and costume creations for ballet and theatre.

Goncharova holds the world record for the price paid for a work of art by a woman. The painting was Goncharova's 1912 still-life The Flowers, and it sold for $U.S. 10.8 million.

Life and work
Natalia Goncharova studied sculpture in Moscow, but worked as a painter and designer. She was inspired both by an interest in Russian folk art, and by modernism in art. With her lifelong partner Mikhail Larionov she first developed a style called Rayonism. They part of the pre-Revolution Russian avant-garde. They helped to organise the so-called 'Donkey's Tail' exhibition of 1912, and showed their work at the Der Blaue Reiter exhibition in Munich the same year.

Goncharova became famous in Russia for her Futurist work such as The Cyclist and her later Rayonist works. They organised lecture evenings and Goncharova wrote and illustrating a book in Futurist style.

In 1913, she began to design ballet costumes and sets for Diaghilev's Ballets Russes and elsewhere. She did the stage and costume design for these ballets: Le Coq d'Or''' (1914), The Liturgy (1915), Ygrushka (1921) Reynard (with her husband; 1922), Les Noces (1923), Une nuit sur le mont chauve (1924), The Firebird (1926 revival), Sur le Borsythène (with her husband; 1932), Cendrillon (1938), Bogatyri (1938) and the 1954 Sadler's Wells production of Firebird''.

Goncharova moved to Paris in 1921, where she regularly exhibited her art. She became a French citizen in 1939. She married Larionov at last in 1955, and died in Paris, in 1962.

The largest collections of her work are in the Pompidou  Centre in Paris; the Russian Museum in St. Petersburg; and the State Tretyakov Gallery, in Moscow.

Notes 

1881 births
1962 deaths
Russian painters
Costume designers
Cacus

Cacus is a character in Roman mythology. He was a hideous, three-headed, fire-belching shepherd who lived in a cave in the Aventine Forest in Italy. His cave was covered with the bones of the people he killed. Human skulls and human arms were hanging above the cave entrance. Cacus' parents were Hephaestus and Medusa. 

Hercules had stolen the Geryon's cattle. He was driving the herd through Italy when Cacus crossed his path. Cacus stole some of the animals. He dragged them backwards to his cave to confuse Hercules. 

The next morning, Hercules missed the animals at once. He went to Cacus' cave. Cacus had put a huge rock at the entrance but Hercules tossed it aside. Cacus tried to drive Hercules off by belching fire. Hercules grabbed him and "battered his face to a pulp." Hercules put together an altar to Zeus. He later set up his own worship at the site. Some say it was not Hercules who killed Cacus but a huge shepherd named Garanus or Recaranus, a friend of Hercules'.

Notes

References

Other websites 

Roman mythology
Baise-moi

Baise-moi is a 2000 French crime drama thriller movie. It was called Rape Me in the United States, where it was released without an MPAA rating. In Australia, Baise-moi was rated R18 at first, but was then refused classification due to content. This movie got mixed reviews from critics in many countries.

Un baise in French means "a kiss", but as a verb, baiser means "to fuck", so Baise-moi means "fuck me". It is about a sex-and-violence spree by two young women. The sex scenes are apparently real, rather than simulated, and the film has been banned in many countries.

Other websites 

2000 crime movies
2000 drama movies
2000 thriller movies
2000s crime drama movies
2000s crime thriller movies
French crime movies
French drama movies
French-language movies
French thriller movies
Movies about revenge
Rape in movies
Obscenity controversies
Hilary Bradt

Hilary Bradt MBE (born 17 July 1941) is a British writer. He founded Bradt Travel Guides, a publisher of travel guide books, in the mid-1970s.

Life
From 1972, Bradt spent 18 months in South America with her husband, and later they set up Bradt Travel Guides together. Their first book was Backpacking along Ancient Ways in Peru and Bolivia. The award-winning Bradt guides have always covered unusual destinations that do not attract large numbers of tourists. The company is based in Chalfont St Peter, England.

After running the company for 35 years, Bradt retired in 2007, but she is still chairman. She also still writes about travel, including a guide book to Devon and articles in travel magazines.

Bradt worked for many years as a tour leader, particularly in Madagascar, a country that she has written many books about. Bradt is a member of the British Guild of Travel Writers and she received their Lifetime Achievement Award in November 2009.

She was appointed Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) in the 2008 Queen's Birthday Honours for services to the tourist industry and to charity. Bradt's charity work includes being patron of Money for Madagascar, which has been raising funds for projects in Madagascar since 1986.

References

Other websites 
 Bradt Travel Guides website

British writers
1941 births
Living people
Sexy Beast

Sexy Beast is a 2000 Anglo-Spanish crime thriller movie. It was written by Louis Mellis, produced by Jeremy Thomas and directed by Jonathan Glazer. It stars Ray Winstone, Amanda Redman, Ben Kingsley, Ian McShane and James Fox. Winstone plays robber Gal Dove who has quit his life of crime in London and has retired with his ex-porn star wife Deedee (played by Redman) to Spain. Kingsley plays a sociopathic gang member and McShane plays a gang boss. The pair coerce Dove to go back to London to commit another robbery with them. Fox plays a bisexual banker.

Other websites 

2000 crime movies
2000 thriller movies
2000s crime thriller movies
2000s LGBT movies
20th Century Fox movies
Antisocial personality disorder in fiction
British crime movies
British thriller movies
British LGBT movies
English-language movies
Gangster movies
Heist movies
LGBT crime movies
LGBT thriller movies
Movies set in London
Spanish movies
Spanish LGBT movies
2060s

The 2060s decade will begin on January 1, 2060 and will end on December 31, 2069.

Notable predictions and known events

 In 2060, one-third of all the energy in the world is predicted to be solar.
 In 2061, Halley's Comet will get as close as it can to the Sun. This is known as a perihelion, and it last happened in 1986.

Events in fiction
 The television anime show Real Drive takes place in this decade.
 The book The Giver takes place in 2065.

References

2060s
The Brabançonne

The Brabançonne is the national anthem of Belgium. In was first in the French language. Later a verion was made for all three official languages of the country.

It is said the anthem was written in September 1830, during the Belgian Revolution.  In 1860, Belgium formally adopted the song and music as its national anthem. Then prime minister, Charles Rogier took out lyrics against the Dutch Prince of Orange.

O Belgium - O mother dear -
To you we stretch our hearts and arms,
With blood to spill for you, O fatherland!
We swear with one cry - You shall live!
You shall live, so great and beautiful,
And your invincible unity
Shall have for device immortal -
The King, and Law, and Liberty!
Shall have for device immortal -
The King, and Law, and Liberty!
The King, and Law, and Liberty!
The King, and Law, and Liberty!

National anthems
Belgian culture
Luonan County

Luonan County (, pinyin: Luònán Xiàn) is a county of Shangluo Municipality, Shaanxi Province, China. It is in the northeast part of Shangluo. Henan Provice is to the east. Danfeng County and Shangzhou District are to the south. Weinan Municipality is to the north. Xi'an Municipality is to the west. It covers . As of November 2010, 441,643 people lived here. 72% of here are montane ecology.

References 

Counties of China
Shaanxi
Adrienne Jablanczy

Adrienne Jablanczy (born 11 September 1948) is a French economist, professor, and, since 1997, Head of the Institut supérieur européen de gestion group.

Jablanczy graduated from the University of Paris 1 Pantheon-Sorbonne and the Institut d'études politiques de Paris. She started her career in 1976 as a economics and teacher at Pantheon-Assas University. In 1997, she was nominated Director of the ISEG. She is also a financial markets teacher at the École Nationale Supérieure des Télécommunications de Bretagne.

Jablanzcy specializes in management of business schools, financial markets and Islamic finance.

Further reading
 Adrienne Jablanczy, La Bourse, Marabout, 1991, 
 Adrienne Jablanczy and Philippe Beraud, Crise et variables d’ajustement des États méditerranéens, Management & Avenir, ISSN 1768-5958, May 2010

References 

French educators
French economists
1949 births
Living people
Alumni of the Institut d'études politiques de Paris
Quartzite

Quartzite is a hard metamorphic rock. It is formed when sandstone is squeezed and heated under a chain of mountains.

Although pure quartzite is white, it usually occurs in shades of pink and red. This happens when it contains some iron oxide (Fe2O3). Other colours, such as yellow and orange, are due to other mineral impurities.

When sandstone is changed to quartzite, the individual quartz grains and cement material recrystallizes.  Most of the original texture of the sandstone is destroyed by the metamorphism. Minor amounts of cementing materials, iron oxide, silica, carbonate and clay, often move when this is happening. It causes streaks and lens shapes to form in the quartzite.

Notes 

Metamorphic rocks
Sandstones
Great Salkeld

Great Salkeld is a village and civil parish in Eden, Cumbria, England. In 2001 there were 445 people living in Great Salkeld. It has a church called St Cuthbert's Church.

References 

Villages in Cumbria
Civil parishes in Cumbria
Ravenstonedale

Ravenstonedale is a village and civil parish in Eden, Cumbria, England. In 2001 there were 570 people living in Ravenstonedale. It has a church called St Oswald's Church.

References 

Villages in Cumbria
Civil parishes in Cumbria
Kirkland

Kirkland is a village in Culgaith, Eden, Cumbria, England. It has a church called Church of St Lawrence.

References 

Villages in Cumbria
Civil parishes in Cumbria
Patterdale

Patterdale is a village and civil parish in Eden, Cumbria, England. In 2001 there were 460 people living in Patterdale.

References 

Villages in Cumbria
Civil parishes in Cumbria
Edenhall

Edenhall is a village in Cumbria, England. It is about a mile south of Langwathby. It has a church named St Cuthbert's Church.

References 

Villages in Cumbria
Little Asby

Little Asby is a hamlet in Cumbria, England. There was once a chapel called St Leonards.

References 

Villages in Cumbria
Stefan–Boltzmann law

In quantum physics, the Stefan-Boltzmann law (sometimes called Stefan's Law) states that the black-body radiation energy emitted by a given object is directly proportional to the temperature of the object raised to the fourth power. The equation for this law is:

R=σT4

where σ is the Stefan-Boltzmann constant, which is equal to 5.670 373(21) x 10-8 W m-2 K-4, and where R is the energy radiated per unit surface area and per unit time. T is temperature, which is measured in Kelvin scale. Although this law is accurate and helpful, it is only usable for the energy radiated by blackbodies.

Laws of physics
Puneri Pagadi

Puneri Pagadi is a turban, a cloth worn on the head. This turban is worn by people from Pune on special days. Puneri means "belonging to Pune" and pagadi means turban.  It is used as a mark of respect in Pune.  It is a custom that is about 200 years old.  

The pagadi used to be worn by people to show pride but now it is also worn on special occasions.

History

The pagadi was introduced 200 years ago by Mahadev Govind Ranade, who was a social reformer. It was also later worn by leaders like Lokmanya Tilak, J.S. Karandikar, D.D. Sathye, Tatyasaheb Kelkar and Datto Vaman Potdar. The pagadi became more famous in 1973 after a Marathi play.

In 2009, it was given the status of Geographic Indication (GI) which means that the pagadi will be a property of only Pune.  No one else can sell any such turban under the name of Puneri Pagadi outside Pune.Only Brahmins used to use this pagadi in that era.

Use
The pagadi is used in marriages. It is also used on special events in schools and colleges (commonly on traditional days). It is used by actors while performing gondhal art form. The pagadi is also given as an award sometimes.

Proprietary status

Shree Puneri Pagadi Sangh is a group of 10 people. They are the ones who applied for getting a GI tag for the pagadi. Actually, Great Mission Group Consultancy submitted the application for them.  The aim of this was to protect the identity of the pagadi. They also wanted to protect the Puneri culture. The application was accepted and on 4 September 2009, the pagadi became an intellectual property. Before this, the GI tag was also given to Indian products like Tirupati ladoos, Darjeeling tea, Banarasi saris.

References

Headgear
Pune
Great Musgrave

Great Musgrave is a village in Cumbria, England. It has a church called St Theobald's Church.

References 

Villages in Cumbria
Newbiggin-on-Lune

Newbiggin-on-Lune is a village in Cumbria, England. It gets its name from the River Lune.

References 

Villages in Cumbria
Melmerby

Melmerby is a village in Cumbria, England. It is a small village with a population of around 200. It has a church called St John the Baptist's Church. It is 9 miles northeast of Penrith.

References 

Villages in Cumbria
Watermillock

Watermillock is a village in Cumbria, England. It is on the A592.

References

Other websites 
 http://www.visitcumbria.com/pen/watermillock.htm

Villages in Cumbria
Witnesham

Witnesham is a village and civil parish in Suffolk Coastal, Suffolk, England. In 2001, there were 833 people living in Witnesham. It has a church called St Mary.

References 

Civil parishes in Suffolk
Villages in Suffolk
Suffolk Coastal
Copdock

Copdock is a village in Suffolk, England. It has a church called St Peter.

References 

Villages in Suffolk
Settlements in Babergh
Blencarn

Blencarn is a village in Culgaith, Eden, Cumbria, England. A Wesleyan chapel was built in Blencarn in 1840.

References 

Villages in Cumbria
Helton

Helton is a village in Cumbria, England. It was once called Helton-Flecket. There is also the hamlet of Heltonhead nearby.

References 

Villages in Cumbria
Penruddock

Penruddock is a village in Cumbria, England. It is located 5.5 miles west of Penrith.

References 

Villages in Cumbria
Washmere Green

Washmere Green is a hamlet in Suffolk, England. There is Wesleyan House in Washmere Green which was "not exclusively used for worship".

References

External websites
 GENUKI

Hamlets in Suffolk
Antoine de la Mothe Cadillac

Antoine de La Mothe Cadillac was born on March 5, 1658 and died on October 16, 1730. He was a French explorer and adventurer in New France, now an area of North America stretching from Eastern Canada in the north to Louisiana in the south. In 1701, he founded Detroit, which he helped develop until 1710. Between 1710 and 1716 he was the governor of Louisiana, although he did not arrive in that territory until 1713.

References

1658 births
1730 deaths
French explorers
French people
Episodes (TV series)

Episodes is an Anglo-American television sitcom. It began on January 9, 2011 and is set in Los Angeles, California. It was created by David Crane and Jeffrey Klarik. It is directed by James Griffiths and Jim Field Smith. It stars Matt LeBlanc, Stephen Mangan, Tamsin Grieg, John Pankow, Kathleen Rose Perkins and Mircea Monroe.

Mangan and Grieg play Sean and Beverly Lincoln, a British married couple who travel to Hollywood to remake their successful British TV series. LeBlanc is recruited to play the protagonist in the American remake.

Other websites 
 

2011 American television series debuts
2010s American television series
2010s British television series
American sitcoms
British sitcoms
Television series set in Los Angeles
2011 British television series debuts
English-language television programs
Irish State Coach

The Irish State Coach is a carriage used by the British monarch to ride from Buckingham Palace to the Palace of Westminster to open Parliament. It was built in 1851 by the Lord Mayor of Dublin. It is enclosed. It was damaged by fire in 1911. It was restored in 1989 by the Royal Mews carriage restorers. The outside is blue and black with golden-colored decoration. The inside is covered in blue damask (a cloth). It is driven from the box seat using four horses. It is kept in the Royal Mews. It can be seen by the public.

References

Other websites

History of Ireland
British monarchy
1851 establishments
1850s establishments in the United Kingdom
Alan Bates

Sir Alan Arthur Bates CBE (17 February 1934 - 27 December 2003) was a British actor. He was born in Allestree, Derbyshire.

Bates starred in many movies, including: Zorba the Greek, Georgy Girl, Far from the Madding Crowd, The Fixer, The Go-Between, Women in Love, An Unmarried Woman, Gosford Park and The Rose. He also acted on stage and television.

Bates was a closeted bisexual. He was married to actress Victoria Ward (1939-1992) from 1970 until her death. They had twin sons: Tristan (1971-1990) and actor Benedick Bates (born 1971). Bates died of pancreatic cancer in London.

References

Other websites 

1934 births
2003 deaths
Actors from Derbyshire
BAFTA Award winning actors
Bisexual people
Cancer deaths in England
Deaths from pancreatic cancer
English LGBT people
English movie actors
English stage actors
English television actors
LGBT actors
Tony Award winning actors
Clueless

Clueless is a 1995 American romantic teen comedy movie set in Beverly Hills, California. It is loosely based on Jane Austen's 1815 book Emma. It was written and directed by Amy Heckerling. It stars Alicia Silverstone, Stacey Dash and Brittany Murphy as 15 year old high school classmates. Clueless was released in the United States in August 1995.

Plot of Clueless revolves around the life of American sixteen-year-old girl Cher Horowitz. She is pretty and attractive, but clueless and selfish. Apart from that she is extremely rich and popular in her high school. Only a few things are important for Cher: fashion, mansion in which she lives with her father and her friend Dionne, who is also rich and self-confident. She has a former stepbrother Josh, with whom she always has quarrels for no reason at all.

Cher’s selfishness is totally innocent and safe for surrounding people. For example, she tries to bring together two teachers, who gave her bad marks, - Mr. Hall and Mrs. Gaste. She achieves this aim and benefits. When Cher sees those two fall in love and her marks become better, she understands that she likes to do good things.

Cher decides to make the next good thing on her list helping a new “duckling girl” Tie to transform into a beautiful swan. She also helps her to adapt in a new place and prevent her from communicating with the guy, who smokes weed and does skateboarding. Instead of that, she wants Tie to date with a rich snob Elton, but Cher does not realize that Elton fancies not Tie, but herself.

Suddenly some troubles appear in Cher’s life. She does not realize, that boy whom she tries to seduce is actually gay, until Dionne opens her naive eyes. Cher fails driving test and when she comes back home Tai says that she is keen on Josh. In reply Cher says to her, that they do not match and they have a quarrel.

After revaluation of values Cher finds out, that she loves Josh. She tries to be better, kinder and smarter. The final scene shows, that Josh admits he loves Cher too and they kiss.

Soon after release of the movie a Clueless sequel was filmed (it was in form of TV series) and a series of books was produced.

Other websites 

1995 comedy movies
1995 romance movies
1990s buddy movies
1990s coming-of-age movies
1990s high school movies
1995 LGBT movies
1990s romantic comedy movies
1990s teen comedy movies
1990s teen romance movies
American buddy movies
American coming-of-age movies
American high school movies
American LGBT movies
American romantic comedy movies
American teen comedy movies
American teen romance movies
Beverly Hills, California in fiction
Coming-of-age comedy movies
Coming-of-age romance movies
English-language movies
Female buddy movies
LGBT comedy movies
Movies based on books
Movies set in California
Movies directed by Amy Heckerling
Front 242

Front 242 is a Belgian electronic music group.  They were famous during the 1980s. They are known for being a pioneer of electronic body music, and as an influence on the electronic and industrial music genres.

Front 242 was formed in 1981 in Aarschot, Belgium, by Daniel Bressanutti and Dirk Bergen.  Patrick Codenys and Jean-Luc De Meyer had also formed a group called Under Viewer at around the same time. The two duos joined together in 1982.  In 1983, Dirk Bergen left the band and Richard Jonckheere, called Richard 23, joined as vocalist.
 
In 1987, Front 242 signed with Wax Trax! Records in the U.S. and Red Rhino in Europe.

Band members
 Jean-Luc De Meyer - vocals
 Daniel Bressanutti - keyboards, programming, live mixing
 Patrick Codenys - keyboards, programming, guitars, samplers
 Richard Jonckheere, often credited as "Richard 23" - electronic percussion, vocals
 Tim Kroker - electronic drums

Occasional band members and collaborators
 Dirk Bergen - credited as keyboardist on Geography
 Jean-Marc Pauly - credited for writing and composing vocals on 06:21:03:11 Up Evil
 Pierre Pauly - credited for writing and composing vocals on 06:21:03:11 Up Evil
 Kristin Kowalski - credited as writer, composer and vocalist on 05:22:09:12 Off, Animal, and Angels Versus Animals
 Eran Westwood - credited as writer, composer and vocalist on 05:22:09:12 Off, Animal, and Angels Versus Animals
 John Dubs - credited as writer and composer on Animal and Angels Versus Animals
 Jean-Marc Lederman - credited as remixer on Angels Versus Animals.

Discography
 Geography (1982)
 No Comment (1984)
 Back Catalogue (1987)
 Official Version (1987)
 Front by Front (1988)
 Tyranny (For You) (1991)
 Live Target (1992)
 06:21:03:11 Up Evil (1993)
 05:22:09:12 Off (1993)
 Angels Versus Animals (1993)
 Live Code (1994)
 Mut@ge.Mix@ge (1995)
 Re-Boot: Live '98 (1998)
 Pulse (2003)
 Moments ... (2008)

References

Belgian musical groups
Electronic body music
1980s music groups