cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Edsger W. Dijkstra

Edsger Wybe Dijkstra (May 11, 1930 – August 6, 2002; ) was a Dutch computer scientist. He received the 1972  Turing Award  for fundamental contributions to developing programming languages, and was the Schlumberger Centennial Chair of Computer Sciences at The University of Texas at Austin from 1984 until 2000.

Shortly before his death in 2002, he received the ACM PODC Influential Paper Award in distributed computing for his work on self-stabilization of program computation. This annual award was renamed the Dijkstra Prize the following year, in his honor.

1930 births
2002 deaths
Dutch academics
Dutch computer scientists
People from Rotterdam
Turing Award winners
3 Doors Down

3 Doors Down is an American Alternative rock band. They formed in 1994 in Escatawpa, Mississippi. The members of the group are Brad Arnold, the singer, Matt Roberts, who plays the lead guitar and backing vocals, Chris Henderson, who plays the rhythm guitar, Todd Harrell who plays the bass guitar and Greg Upchurch, who plays the drums.

Discography

Studio albums
2000: The Better Life
2002: Away from the Sun
2005: Seventeen Days
2008: 3 Doors Down
2011: Time of My Life
2016: Us and the Night

References

Other websites
3 Doors Down's official website

American rock bands
Musical groups from Mississippi
Post-grunge bands
Third Treaty of San Ildefonso

The Third Treaty of San Ildefonso (short for the Preliminary and Secret Treaty between the French Republic and His Catholic Majesty the King of Spain, Concerning the Aggrandizement of His Royal Highness the Infant Duke of Parma in Italy and the Retrocession of Louisiana) was a treaty between France and Spain. In it, Spain gave the territory of Louisiana to France.

San Ildefonso, third
Viglen

Viglen is an IT company based in the United Kingdom. Viglen is operated by UK businessman Lord Sugar and most schools in the UK own Viglen computers. Some of the products that Viglen have made are the Incepta II and the Genrie Pro.

References

Companies of the United Kingdom
Technology companies of Europe
Susan Collins

Susan Margaret Collins is a Senator of the United States from Maine. She is a moderate in the Republican Party. Collins was elected to the Senate in 1996. The Senator was born December 7, 1952.

On February 13, 2021 Collins voted that no longer Republican President Donald Trump was guilty of starting the 2021 storming of the United States Capitol. She and six other Republican senators also voted that Trump was guilty. This was after the House of Representatives Second impeachment of Donald Trump.

References

1952 births
Living people
United States senators from Maine
US Republican Party politicians
People from Bangor, Maine
21st-century American politicians
20th-century American politicians
Frill-necked lizard

The Frill-necked lizard (Chlamydosaurus kingii) has a large reptile, thin frill around its head, which it displays in order to frighten enemies. To appear even more impressive, it also opens its mouth wide and often rears up on its hind legs. When frightened, this lizard will run away, using its back-legs only, earning it the nickname, the "bicycle lizard."

Description 
These lizards spend most of their life in trees (they are primarily arboreal). They live in the north of Australia and in New Guinea. They inhabit moist tropical and warm-temperate forests and in woodlands with shrubby understory. When displayed, the frill is 9.5-14 inches (24-34 cm) wide. When the lizard is at rest, the frill folds down on its shoulders. Adults are over 8 inches (20 cm) long.

Diet 
Frill-necked Lizards are carnivorous (meat-eaters). They eat bugs (like cicadas, ants, and spiders) and small lizards. They hunt in trees and on the ground. 

Reptiles of Australia
Lizards
Jodi Picoult

Jodi Lynn Picoult (born 19 May 1966 in Nesconsent, Long Island, New York) is an American author. Picoult comes from what she calls a "non-practicing Jewish family". She was raised in her hometown in Long Island, but moved to the U.S. State of New Hampshire when she was 13 years old. She went to Princeton, a university in the U.S. state of New Jersey, where she studied writing and graduated from in 1987. She also went to Harvard University, where she earned a master's degree in education. She had many jobs, as a guest writer for magazines like Seventeen, to editing textbooks and teaching eighth grade English. She published her first novel Songs of the Humpback Whale in 1992. Her first book to debut as a New York Times best-seller was her 2007 novel Nineteen Minutes; the following year her novel Change of Heart became her second novel to debut as #1 on the New York Times Best Seller's list. Her last novel to be featured on the list was Handle With Care (2009). Four of her novels, The Pact (1998), Plain Truth (2000), The Tenth Circle (2006) and most recently, My Sister's Keeper, which published as a book in 2004 but released as a movie in 2009. She was awarded the New England Bookseller Award for fiction in 2003. Picoult currently has some 14 million copies of her books in print worldwide. In addition to writing novels, Picoult had written for DC Comics' third volume of Wonder Woman in 2007; she only wrote 5 issues. She lives with her husband, Tim Van Leer, their three children and pets in Hanover, New Hampshire.

Books by Picoult

References

1966 births
Living people
Writers from New York
Shad Gaspard

Shad Gaspard (January 13, 1981 – May 17, 2020) was an American professional wrestler and actor. He was best known for wrestling for World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE). He teamed with JTG and they formed the tag team, Cryme Tyme. Gaspard later began an acting career which he stated in an interview for Right After Wrestling. He starred in Get Hard.

Gaspard was born in New York City.

Gaspard married his longtime girlfriend Siliana Gaspard in 2009, together the couple had a son, in April 2010.

On March 5, 2011, Gaspard was arrested by police in Columbus, Ohio for having allegedly refused the commands of a police officer and then resisting arrest for jaywalking. He was later cleared of all charges in July 2011.

On May 17, 2020, Gaspard was caught in a strong rip current at Marina del Rey beach in Venice Beach, California. On May 20, 2020, his body was found washed up in Venice Beach, California, three days after he had gone missing and identified by the Los Angeles County coroner's office. He was 39 years old.

References 

1981 births
2020 deaths
Accidental deaths by drowning in the United States
American movie actors
American television actors
Actors from New York City
American professional wrestlers
Sportspeople from New York City
Former WWE wrestlers
Professional wrestlers
Bukittinggi

Bukittinggi (Indonesian for "high hill", formerly called Fort de Kock) is a city in West Sumatra, Indonesia. The population of this city was estimated at 120,000 according to the 2010 census. Bukittinggi became the capital city of Indonesia from 1948 to 1949 when Indonesia was at war with the Netherlands.

References 

Cities in Indonesia
Yogyakarta

Yogyakarta is a city in the Yogyakarta Special Region, Indonesia. Yogyakarta was the capital city of Indonesia from 1947 to 1948. The city is near two UNESCO World Heritage Sites: Borobudur temple and Prambanan temple.

Education
Yogyakarta is a major center of education in Indonesia. Public universities in the city include:
 Gadjah Mada University one of Indonesia's best known state universities. 
 Yogyakarta State University
 Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University
 Indonesia Arts Institute

Private universities include:
 Muhammadiyah University of Yogyakarta
 Islamic University of Indonesia
 Atma Jaya University
 Sanata Dharma University

References 

Cities in Indonesia
Kenzo Suzuki

Kenzo Suzuki (born July 25, 1974) is a Japanese professional wrestler who is best known for wrestling for WWE and New Japan Pro Wrestling.  Suzuki is currently wrestling for All Japan Pro Wrestling and is part of the stable, Voodoo Murders. He is often managed to the ring by his real-life wife, Hiroko Suzuki.

Other websites
Kenzo Suzuki's OWOW profile

1974 births
Living people
Japanese professional wrestlers
Former WWE wrestlers
People from Aichi Prefecture
Gifu Prefecture

is a prefecture in the Chūbu region of Japan. It is on the island of Honshu. Its capital is the city of Gifu.

Gifu is part of the Tōkai region. Shirakawa in Gifu is a UNESCO's World Heritage Site.

History
In the Meiji period, Gifu Prefecture was created by merging several old provinces, including Hida Province and Mino Province.

"Gifu" may have been named by Oda Nobunaga.

Geography
Gifu shares borders with seven other prefectures: Aichi Prefecture, Fukui Prefecture, Ishikawa Prefecture, Mie Prefecture, Nagano Prefecture, Shiga Prefecture and Toyama Prefecture.

Landmarks
 Kinkazan and Gifu Castle
 Takayama
 Joining hands-structure of Shirakawa-go
 Gero hot springs

Special products
 Ayu-cuisine
 Eel
 Hida beef

Cities 
 Ena, Gifu
 Gero, Gifu 
 Gifu, Gifu, capital
 Gujō, Gifu
 Hashima, Gifu
 Hida, Gifu
 Kakamigahara, Gifu
 Kani, Gifu
 Kaizu, Gifu
 Mino, Gifu
 Minokama, Gifu
 Mizuho, Gifu
 Mizunami, Gifu
 Motosu, Gifu
 Nakatsugawa, Gifu
 Ōgaki, Gifu
 Seki, Gifu
 Tajimi, Gifu
 Takayama, Gifu
 Toki, Gifu
 Yamagata, Gifu

National parks
National parks cover about 18% of the total land area of the prefecture.

Otaki Limestone Cave
Otaki Limestone cave is one of the biggest limestone caves in Japan. There is no daylight inside, so you may feel that the air in there is very still. If you go there in summer, you may feel cool, and if you go there in winter, you may feel much warmer than outside of it. The walls are made of limestone and look milky white.

Shrines and temples
Hidaichinomiya-Minashi jinja is the main Shinto shrine (ichinomiya) in the prefecture.

Related pages
 Provinces of Japan
 Prefectures of Japan
 List of regions of Japan
 List of islands of Japan
 F.C. Gifu

References

Other websites 

Gifu Prefecture's Official website 
A prefectural office of Gifu
Xavier Woods

Austin Watson (born September 4, 1986) is an American professional wrestler. He is currently signed to WWE where he competes under the ring name Xavier Woods. He is a member of The New Day stable with Kofi Kingston and Big E. He holds the WWE Tag Team Championship with Kingston and Big E. He defends the championship under the Freebird Rule. He has also wrestled for Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA) from 2007 to 2010 where he won the TNA World Tag Team Championship one time with Jay Lethal. Woods also is famous for a leaked   sexual intercourse video of himself and fellow wwe wrestler paige

Other websites
Consequences Creed's official website 
WWE profile

1986 births
Living people
American professional wrestlers
Sportspeople from Georgia (U.S. state)
WWE wrestlers
People from Columbus, Georgia
Semih Erden

Semih Erden (born July 28, 1986 in Istanbul, Turkey) is an Turkish basketball player who currently plays for the Cleveland Cavaliers of the NBA. He was selected 60th overall in the 2nd round in the 2008 NBA Draft by the Boston Celtics, while he was playing for Fenerbahçe Ülker in his homeland. Erden arrived in Boston for the 2010–11 season, but was traded to Cleveland near the end of the season. During the 2011 NBA lockout, he returned to Turkey and played for Beşiktaş; after the lockout ended in December 2011, he returned to the Cavaliers.

Other websites
Semih Erden's NBA profile

1976 births
Living people
Boston Celtics players
Cleveland Cavaliers players
Turkish basketball players
Doug Williams (wrestler)

Douglas Clayton Durdle (born September 1, 1972) is an English professional wrestler that is currently signed to TNA Wrestling wrestling under the ring name, Douglas Williams.

Signature moves
Bombs Away (TNA) / Bomb Scare (Independent circuit) (Diving knee drop)
Chaos Theory (Williams pushes the opponent from behind into the turnbuckles, grabs hold of their waist, rolls backwards with them and follows up with a bridging German suplex)
Guillotine choke – 2010
Revolution DDT (Tornado DDT)
Signature moves
Anarchy Knee (Running high knee)
British Figure Four Leglock (Reverse figure four leglock)
Cravate, sometimes with repeated knee strikes to the opponent's head
European uppercut, sometimes from the top rope
Inverted Gory special
Bridging/Release double underhook suplex, sometimes from the top rope
Northern Lights suplex
Push up facebusters
Snap suplex transitioned into a gutwrench suplex and finished with an exploder suplex

Championships and accomplishments 

 Pro Wrestling Illustrated
 PWI ranked him #45 of the 500 best singles wrestlers in the PWI 500 in 2010

 Total Nonstop Action Wrestling
 IWGP Tag Team Championship (one time) with Brutus Magnus
 TNA Television Championship (two times)
 TNA World Tag Team Championship (one time) with Brutus Magnus
 TNA X Division Championship (one time)

Other websites 
 TNA.com Profile 
 

1972 births
Living people

English professional wrestlers
Total Nonstop Action Wrestling alumni
Philidor defence

Philidor's defence, usually called the Philodor, is one of the basic chess openings. It was used often by the 18th century master Philidor, and he published analysis about it in his textbook L'Analyse du jeu des échecs (1849).

Variations

Philidor's counter-gambit 
1.e4 e5 
2.Nf3 d6
3.d4 f5

Main line 
1.e4 e5
2.Nf3 d6
3.d4 exd4
4.Nxd4 Nf6
5.Nc3 Be7 or 5...g6 followed by 6...Bg7

Transposition 
Black can reach a line called the Hanham variation by transposing from the Pirc defence:
1.e4 d6
2.d4 Nf6
3.Nc3 Nbd7
4.Nf3 e5

Kosten, Tony 1992. Winning with the Philidor. Batsford, London.
List of chess openings

Chess openings
Robert Boyle

Robert Boyle FRS (25 January 1627 – 31 December 1691) was a 17th-century natural philosopher, chemist, physicist, inventor and founding member of the Royal Society.

Boyle was born in Ireland to a titled Anglo-Irish family. He was the fourteenth child of Richard Boyle, 1st Earl of Cork, who had arrived in Ireland in 1588.

Career
Robert Boyle is best known for Boyle's law.

When Robert Hooke was young, Boyle employed him as an instrument-maker and assistant. They continued to cooperate when Hooke took charge of experiments at the Royal Society.

Scientific research was the main focus of Boyle's life.  He joined other like-minded men in a group which called itself the "Invisible College".  He was part of the group which founded the Royal Society in 1660.
 
Boyle was an alchemist, but also the first modern chemist. His 1661 book, The Sceptical Chymist, is important in the history of chemistry.

Religious interests
As a director of the East India Company Boyle spent large sums in promoting the spread of Christianity in the East. He contributed liberally to missionary societies and to the expenses of translating the Bible or portions of it into various languages.

Boyle supported the policy that the Bible should be available in the language of the people, in contrast to the Latin-only policy of the Roman Catholic Church at the time.

References

Further reading
 Hunter, Michael. (2000). Robert Boyle, 1627-91: scrupulosity and science. Woodbridge: Boydell & Brewer. ;  OCLC 185478148
 __. 2009. Boyle: between God and science. New Haven: Yale University Press. ;  OCLC 698916661

1627 births
1691 deaths
English chemists
Fellows of the Royal Society
Irish physicists
English physicists
Myrtillocactus

Myrtillocactus is a genus of plants in the family Cactaceae.

All of these plants are succulents. The plants grows in Mexico and Guatemala. In total, there are 4 species:
 Myrtillocactus cochal
 Myrtillocactus eichlamii
 Myrtillocactus geometrizans
 Myrtillocactus schenckei

Flowers are white or yellowish, its length is appr. 2.5 cm.

Some species of Myrtillocactus are popular houseplants.

References

Other websites 

 Germplasm Resources Information Network: Myrtillocactus
 NCBI: Myrtillocactus

Cactaceae
USS Nimitz (CVN-68)

The USS Nimitz (CVN-68) is a supercarrier of the United States Navy. Starting in late 2011, The USS Nimitz will be stationed at Naval Station Everett in Everett, Washington. It is named after Admiral Chester W. Nimitz.

It is set to replace the USS Abraham Lincoln. Its length is an amazing 1063 feet or 333 meters. It has four steam catapults that can speed up a 100,000 pound plane to 160 mph in 100 meters. It can launch early warning planes, F/A-18 hornets and Super Hornet fighter-bomber aircraft. It is powered by two nuclear reactors and can stay at sea for 24 years without refueling although refueling needs to be done carefully and only in special naval bases. It weighs 100,000 tons. It carries a maximum of 130 McDonnell Douglas F/A-18 Hornets or 85-90 other planes.

Nimitz
Commelinoideae

Commelinoideae is a subfamily of monocotyledonous flowering plants in the dayflower family (Commelinaceae). The Commelinoideae is one of two subfamilies within the Commelinaceae and includes 39 genera (out of 41 in the family) and all but 12 of the family's several hundred known species.

Commelinaceae
Emma Bunton

Emma Bunton, also known as Baby Spice, is a British singer-songwriter and television promoter. She was born on 21 January 1976. She was a member of girl group the Spice Girls. She gained her nickname from being the youngest member of the group and also because she looked young. She was a contestant in the 2006 series of Strictly Come Dancing. She is also the host of the Heart FM Saturday evening show from 4pm to 7pm.

On 12 August 2012, the Spice Girls performed a medley of "Wannabe" and "Spice Up Your Life" at the 2012 Summer Olympics closing ceremony. They got back together just for the event. Their performance was the most tweeted moment of the Olympics closing ceremony with over 116,000 tweets on Twitter per minute.

Personal life
Bunton's long-term partner since 1998 is singer Jade Jones. The couple have two sons: Beau Lee Jones and Tate Lee Jones. She is also a godmother to Geri Halliwell's daughter Bluebell Madonna Halliwell, alongside Victoria Beckham.

References

1976 births
Living people
English pop musicians
English singer-songwriters
Musicians from London
Spice Girls
Strictly Come Dancing participants
Steeplechase (athletics)

The steeplechase is an obstacle race in athletics, which derives its name from the word steeplechase in horse racing. its when you have to run around the track over hurdles an water to win

Related pages
 Sprint
 Middle distance race
 Walking race
 Hurdle race
 Relay
 Long distance race
 Cross-country race
 Marathon

Running
Ken Anderson (wrestler)

Kenneth Anderson (born March 6, 1976 in Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin) is an American professional wrestler who is currently wrestling for TNA Wrestling under the ring name, Mr. Anderson and is the current reigning TNA World Heavyweight Champion. Anderson also wrestled for WWE from 2005 to 2009 as Mr. Kennedy before being released by the company because it was reported that Kennedy had injured his wrist during his last match with the company, and a stiff back suplex almost injured Randy Orton.

References

Other websites
 Mr. Kennedy's Official website
 website  at tnawrestling.com

1976 births
American professional wrestlers
Living people
People from Green Bay, Wisconsin
Sportspeople from Wisconsin
South Sudan

South Sudan is a country in Africa. Its official name is the Republic of South Sudan. It used to be a part of Sudan. A civil war began in 2013.

The landlocked country is bordered by Ethiopia to the east; Kenya to the southeast; Uganda to the south; the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the southwest; the Central African Republic to the west; and the Republic of Sudan to the north. South Sudan includes the vast swamp region of the Sudd formed by the White Nile, locally called the Bahr al Jabal.

History
What is now South Sudan was once part of the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan. This part of the British Empire became the Republic of Sudan when independence was achieved in 1956. After the First Sudanese Civil War, the Southern Sudan Autonomous Region was formed in 1972 and lasted until 1983. A second Sudanese civil war soon developed and ended with the Comprehensive Peace Agreement of 2005. Later that year, the Autonomous Government of Southern Sudan was formed. South Sudan became an independent state on 9 July 2011 at midnight local time, after a referendum held in January 2011. In the referendum, nearly 99% of voters wanted to separate from the rest of Sudan.

The United Nations Security Council met on 13 July 2011 to formally discuss membership for the Republic of South Sudan. The next day, 14 July 2011, South Sudan became a United Nations member state. South Sudan has also applied to join the Commonwealth of Nations, the East African Community, the Intergovernmental Authority on Development, the International Monetary Fund, and the World Bank. The country was declared eligible to apply for membership in the Arab League as well.

At the 2012 Summer Olympics, one athlete from South Sudan competed under the flag of the International Olympic Committee. In 2013 a civil war broke out.

Geography
Its capital is Juba.  Between eight and twelve million people live there.  Over 200 languages are spoken, but the official language is English. Arabic is also spoken by many people.

The main religion is Christianity, practised by nearly 78% of the population. Another 20% practise African traditional religions, and just 3% are Muslim.

Much of South Sudan's economy is based on oil, but they also have a large lumber industry mainly consisting of teak.  It is a very poor and under-developed country. There is very little infrastructure, and the civil wars have caused a lot of damage.

References

Notes

Sudan
 
2011 establishments
Least developed countries
2010s establishments in Africa
English-speaking countries
S Club

S Club, formerly S Club 7 and currently touring under the name S Club 3 and a bit are a British pop group. They formed in 1998 in London and split up in 2003. The group reunited in 2008 with Jo O'Meara, Bradley McIntosh and Paul Cattermole and was renamed S Club.

Discography

Studio albums
1994: S Club
1997: '7'
1999: Sunshine
2000: Seeing Double

1998 establishments in England
1990s British music groups
2000s British music groups
2010s British music groups
English pop music groups
Musical groups established in 1998
Musical groups from London
The New York Times Best Seller list

The New York Times Best Seller list is a list of best-selling books in the United States that has been published weekly on Sundays by the New York Times, a New York City based newspaper since 9 April 1942. It is also released a stand-alone publication, meaning it is sometimes published separately outside of the newspaper, and can also be found online. The list is usually split into fiction and non-fiction sections; each contain ten to twenty titles.

Newspapers in New York City
Books
Muskmelon

Muskmelons (Cucumis melo) are a type of melon. Cantaloupes are a popular type of muskmelon, but there are other types like the Honeydew Melon.  They come from Persia  (Iran) and nearby countries.  They were transported west to Europe near the time of Christ's birth.  The name Cantaloupe comes from the italian town they were cultivated in: Cantalupo nel Sannio

The name of the muskmelon comes from the words "musk," which means "perfume" in Persian and "melon," which is French and comes from a Latin word melonem (melo in the accusative form - direct object function in a sentence) that means "fruit of a cucurbit."

History
Muskmelons are native to Iran, as well as parts of India and Afghanistan.  The first known mention of the muskmelon was in Greece in the 3rd century BC. There is an old Egyptian painting that shows a fruit some people think was a muskmelon. In the first century AD, Romans knew about the muskmelon, and both the Greeks and Romans found that it could be used as medicine or to eat. At about this time, China also found out about the muskmelon.

During the Middle Ages the muskmelon spread across Europe to as far west as Spain and Christopher Columbus brought seeds of it to the Caribbean in 1494.  In the 1600s it was being grown across North America by the Spanish, the English and Native Americans.  By 1650 the muskmelon was being grown in Brazil.

Taste
Muskmelons can widely vary in taste, depending on each fruit: some are sweet and some more closely resemble their cucurbitaceae cousin, the cucumber, in taste.  In 1513, a Spanish writer said of the muskmelon that "the good [muskmelons] are like good women, and the bad like bad women."  Maybe expecting all melons to be sweet, which is not the case as mentioned earlier.

References

Melons
Cucurbitales
2006 Hengchun earthquakes

The 2006 Hengchun earthquake happened on Tuesday December 26, 2006 at 12:25 UTC (20:25 local time) near Taiwan. On the surface the center of the earthquake was about 22.8 km west southwest of Hengchun, Pingtung County, Taiwan.  The center of the earthquake underground was 21.9 km deep in the Luzon Strait ().

Reports of the strength of the quake do not all agree. Taiwan's Central Weather Bureau reported 7.0 ML  The United States Geological Survey estimated the quake to be 7.1 Mw  The Hong Kong Observatory   and the Japan Meteorological Agency  said 7.2 Mw. Taiwan's Central News Agency reported that it was the strongest earthquake to hit Hengchun in one hundred years. The earthquake hurt and killed many people and damaged many buildings. It also damaged several undersea cables. The broken cables were a problem for telecommunication services in parts of Asia.

The date of the earthquake was unusual. The earthquake happened exactly two years after the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake that caused terrible damage to the coastal communities across Southeast and South Asia. It was also exactly three years after the 2003 earthquake that almost destroyed the southern Iranian city of Bam.

Tsunami warning

Taiwan
This earthquake was the first time Taiwan detected a tsunami. The water level changed only 25 cm and did not damage anything.

Warning from agencies in other areas
An early tsunami warning came from the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA). They reported that the earthquake caused a 1-meter tsunami. It was moving towards the east coast of the Philippines. The Hong Kong Observatory also reported a tsunami that would probably not affect Hong Kong.

Related pages
 List of earthquakes
 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake

References

Other websites

 US Geological Survey (USGS) earthquake report 
 Taiwan's Central Weather Bureau earthquake report
 Central Weather Bureau of Taiwan The CWB maintains an up-to-date record of earthquakes and their aftershocks.
 Reuters article
 BBC NEWS article
 CNN article 
  International Herald Tribune article 
 Singapore's Channel NewsAsia report on 28 December 2006 

2006 in Asia
2000s in Taiwan
Earthquakes in Taiwan
Earthquakes in the 2000s
December events
Cuban solenodon

The Cuban solenodon or almiqui (Solenodon cubanus) is a species of soricomorph that is endemic to Cuba. It belongs to the family Solenodontidae along with a similar species, the Hispaniolan Solenodon (Solenodon paradoxus). The solenodon is unusual among mammals in that its saliva is venomous. Since its discovery in 1861 by the German naturalist Wilhelm Peters.

Soricomorphs
Chicago Tribune

Chicago Tribune is a major newspaper that serves Chicago, Illinois. It was founded on June 10, 1847 by James Kelly, John E. Wheeler and Joseph K. C. Forrest. The Tribune was also known for running the wrong result in its headline, "DEWEY DEFEATS TRUMAN" during the 1948 United States presidential election which it was expected Thomas E. Dewey would defeat Harry S. Truman.

References

Other websites
Official website

1847 establishments in the United States
Tribune
1840s establishments in Illinois
Snooki

Nicole Elizabeth "Snooki" LaValle (née Polizzi; born November 23, 1987) is an American reality television personality, television host, author, professional wrestler, and dancer. She is best known for being a cast member of the MTV reality show Jersey Shore and starring in Snooki & Jwoww and Jersey Shore: Family Vacation. She earned $150,000 per Jersey Shore episode by the last season. 

She also appeared as the guest hostess for WWE Raw in 2011 and competed at WrestleMania XXVII that same year.

References

1987 births
Living people
American professional wrestlers
Writers from New York City
Writers from New Jersey
Sportspeople from New Jersey
Sportspeople from New York City
American television presenters
American dancers
Television personalities from New Jersey
Television personalities from New York City
People from Santiago
Angelina Pivarnick

Angelina Pivarnick (born June 26, 1986) is an American television personality. She is best known for starring in the first two seasons of the MTV's reality show Jersey Shore and the VH1 show Couples Therapy. Pivarnick made her return to television in Jersey Shore: Family Vacation. She was born in Staten Island, New York.

References

Other websites
 

1986 births
Living people
Television personalities from New York City
Vinny Guadagnino

Vincent "Vinny" Guadagnino (born November 11, 1987) is an American reality television personality and actor. He is best known for his time on MTV's Jersey Shore.

In the November 8, 2011 episode of 90210, he played a small role that he reprised in the episode titled "O Holly Night". 

MTV has also produced Guadagnino's own talk show, The Show with Vinny, which debuted in May 2013.

References

Other websites

Speaking Profile Vinny Guadagnino's profile and lecture topics on the American Program Bureau website

1987 births
Living people
American television actors
Actors from New York City
Television personalities from New York City
Sammi Giancola

Sammi Giancola (born March 14, 1987)  is an American television personality and businesswoman. She is best known as one of the eight main cast members of the MTV reality series Jersey Shore.

References

1987 births
Living people
Television personalities from New Jersey
Television personalities from New York City
Michael Sorrentino

Michael Sorrentino (born July 4, 1982), also known as The Situation, is an American television personality. He appeared on the MTV reality show Jersey Shore in all six seasons from December 2009 through its final episode in December 2012.

On January 19, 2018, Sorrentino pleaded guilty to one count of tax evasion, as part of a plea bargain with prosecutors. On October 5, 2018, Sorrentino was sentenced to 8 months in prison, 2 years of supervised probation, and 500 hours of community service.

References

1982 births
Living people
American prisoners
Criminals from New York City
Television personalities from New York City
JWoww

Jennifer Lynn "Jenni" Farley (born February 27, 1986), also known as JWoww, is an American television personality. She is known for being one of the eight main cast members in the MTV reality series Jersey Shore, and is a main cast member of its spin-off, Snooki & Jwoww.

References

1986 births
Living people
Television personalities from New York City
Television personalities from New Jersey
Models from New York
Ronnie Ortiz-Magro

Ronald Magro Jr. (born December 4, 1985) is an American television personality and actor. He is best known as one of the eight main cast members in the MTV reality series Jersey Shore. She was born in The Bronx, New York City.

In 2017, Ortiz-Magro appeared in the second season of the E! reality series Famously Single. 

In 2018, Ronnie Ortiz-Magro became part of the main cast in the MTV reality television series Jersey Shore: Family Vacation.

References

Other websites
 

1985 births
Living people
Actors from New York City
Television personalities from New York City
Deena Nicole Cortese

Deena Nicole Buckner (born Deena Nicole Cortese; January 12, 1987) is an American reality television personality. She appeared on the MTV reality show Jersey Shore from 2010 to 2012.

In November 2016, Cortese became engaged to Christopher Buckner. They were married on October 28, 2017.

References

Other websites
 

1987 births
Living people
Television personalities from New Jersey
Pauly D

Paul DelVecchio Jr. (born July 5, 1980), publicly known as DJ Pauly D, is an American television personality and disc jockey. He is best known for being a housemate on MTV's reality show Jersey Shore.

He is the first of the Jersey Shore cast to get his own spin-off show, The Pauly D Project.

References

1980 births
Living people
American DJs
People from Providence, Rhode Island
Television personalities from New Jersey
Stephen Baldwin

Stephen Andrew Baldwin (born May 12, 1966) is an American actor. He is known for his conservative religious and political beliefs. He is the youngest of the Baldwin brothers. He was a housemated in the 2010 series of Big Brother (UK).

References 

1966 births
Living people
Actors from New York
American movie actors
American movie directors
American movie producers
Celebrity Big Brother contestants
Pirc defence

The Pirc defence is one of the asymmetrical hypermodern defences, usually to 1.e4. It is similar to the Modern defence, but reserves the decision as to whether to fianchetto the g8 bishop.

Because it is so flexible it lends itself to transpositions. This is one of the main lines:

1.e4 d6
2.d4 Nf6
3.Nc3 g6
4.f4 Bg7
5.Nf3 0-0
6.Bd3 Na6
7.0-0 c5

A completely different idea is:
1.e4 d6
2.d4 Nf6
3.Nc3 Nbd7
4.Nf3 e5
which is a transposition into Philidor's defence. Another idea is:
1.d4 d6
2.Nf3 Bg4
which is called Wade's defence.

Chess openings
Cyclone Yasi

Tropical Cyclone Yasi was a tropical cyclone that caused a lot of damage when it reached the Australian coast at about midnight on Wednesday 2 February 2011. The storm which started in the Coral Sea, destroyed hundreds of homes in the northern Queensland towns of Tully, Mission Beach, Innisfail and Cardwell. Yasi was a Category Five storm, the highest level, with winds of about 300 km/h. It was the biggest storm in Queensland's history, with more than 10,000 people moved from their homes. The storm passed between the two big cities of Cairns and Townsville which only suffered minor damage. Early estimates of damage put the cost at about AU$100 million.

Cyclone Yasi did not cause the damage that government expected as it missed major cities. It did however destroy 30% of the houses in Tully. At least 75% of the banana crop was destroyed, and damage to the sugar cane farms is expected to cost about AU$500 million. One person died when they were poisoned by fumes from a portable generator. Damage to power lines left 150,000 homes without electricity.

The rainforest around Mission Beach was flattened by the cyclone. This meant that most of the food and shelter needed for the wildlife has been destroyed. The Southern Cassowary, a large endangered bird, will need help to survive in the forest. After Cyclone Larry in 2006 it is thought that about one third of the cassowaries at Mission Beach died from starvation. A group, called Rainforest Rescue, is going to set up feeding areas in the forest for the birds.

References

Other websites
 Photos of damage from Cyclone Yasi
 Rainforest Rescue

2011 in weather
2011 in Australia
February 2011 events
Queensland
Tropical cyclones in Oceania
Fianna Fáil

Fianna Fáil is an Irish political party. It was founded in 1926 by Éamon DeValera and Constance Markievicz,
. Its leader is Micheál Martin, who has also been Taoiseach since 2020. It was a faction of Sinn Fein - another Irish political party alongside Fine Gael - before splitting to become its own political party in 1926. Its name is translated from Irish as 'Soldiers of Destiny' but literally means 'Warriors of Fál' (Fál was the name of Ireland in legends). 

The party is part of a coalition government with Fine Gael and the Green Party, with Fianna Fáil being the largest party in the Dáil Éireann.

Presidents/Leaders
There have been eight leaders of the Fianna Fáil since its creation in 1926. They are:
 Éamon de Valera, (1926 – 1959)
 Seán Lemass, (1959 – 1966)
 Jack Lynch, (1966 – 1979)
 Charles Haughey, (1979 – 1992)
 Albert Reynolds, (1992 – 1994) 
 Bertie Ahern, (1994 – 2008)
 Brian Cowen, (2008 – 2011)
 Micháel Martin (2011 onwards)

Youth Wing
The Youth Wing of Fianna Fáil is the Ógra Fianna Fáil, which was created in 1975 to get younger people to vote and support the party.

Notes

References

Other websites
 Official party website
 The Official Youth Wing 'Ógra Fianna Fáil's' website 

Political parties in Europe
Conservative parties
Politics of Ireland
Jim Agnew

Jim Agnew (born March 21, 1966) is a Canadian retired professional hockey defenceman. Agnew was drafted by the Vancouver Canucks in the 8th round (157th overall) in the 1984 NHL Entry Draft. After a stellar career in the Western Hockey League with the Brandon Wheat Kings and Portland Winter Hawks, Agnew began his professional career with the Canucks in 1986.

Playing career
Agnew spent most of the 1986–87 in the American Hockey League, although he did receive a four-game stretch with the Canucks. He would spend four full seasons in Vancouver's minor-league system while seeing occasional action in Vancouver. Playing ten games for the team in the 1987–88 during which time he recorded his only career point, and was called up again for seven games in 1989–90.

While playing for the Canucks in March 1990, Agnew seriously injured his left knee and required surgery. This would be the start of a chronic knee problem. Injuries to his left knee caused him to miss significant action six times over the next four seasons, and required three separate surgeries.

His knee problems struck just as he made the NHL on a full-time basis. He spent virtually the entire 1990–91 and 1991–92 seasons on the Canuck roster as a utility player seeing action at both forward and defence, but was limited to just 44 games over that stretch due to injury and failed to record a point.

He was released by the Canucks in 1992 and signed as a free agent with the Hartford Whalers. Again, however, he was limited to only 16 games by an injury to his left knee. After injuring his knee again during the Whalers' 1993 training camp, he decided to retire.

Agnew appeared in 81 NHL games over parts of six seasons, recording 1 assist and 257 penalty minutes.

Career statistics

References 

 Profile at hockeydraftcentral.com

1966 births
American Hockey League players
Brandon Wheat Kings players
Canadian ice hockey defencemen
Hartford Whalers players
Ice hockey people from Manitoba
Living people
Portland Winterhawks players
Vancouver Canucks players
International Hockey League (1945–2001) players
Deloraine, Manitoba

Deloraine is a farming town in the Canadian province of Manitoba.  It is near the Turtle Mountains in the southwest corner of the province.

Other websites
Town of Deloraine 
Town of Deloraine Community Profile 
Map of Deloraine at Statcan 

Towns in Manitoba
Western Hockey League

The Western Hockey League (WHL) is a major junior ice hockey league based in Western Canada and the Pacific Northwest of the United States.

References 
General

Specific

Other websites 
 Official website of the Western Hockey League 
 Official website of the Canadian Hockey League
 Maps to WHL arenas

1966 establishments in North America
  
Lethbridge
Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

The Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa is an insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, northwest Pakistan. It involves the United States, United Kingdom, Pakistani military and Pakistani tribes against the Taliban, al-Qaeda and Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant. The main reason for the conflict was tensions breaking out between Pakistan Armed Forces and al-Qaeda in 2004. 3117 Pakistani armed forces members have been killed, as well as 235+ tribe members and 15 United States soldiers. 17742 insurgents have been killed or captured.

During 2004, S.A.S. soldiers were ordered to take out a renegade police officer. Two men were caught by the police and taken back to the station. Tempers had already been running high because of an arrest by soldiers who had turned out to be agents working in the Taliban.

Related pages
List of ongoing armed conflicts

References

2000s in Pakistan
2010s in Pakistan
2020s in Pakistan
Al-Qaeda
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Islamic State
Taliban
Wars involving Pakistan
Wars involving the United Kingdom
Wars involving the United States
Area code 869

Area code 869 is the local telephone area code of Saint Kitts and Nevis. The 869 area code was created during a split from the original (809) area code which was done in October, 1996. Like many Caribbean countries St Kitts uses +1 followed by the area code as the international direct dial phone code.

When in Saint Kitts and Nevis, use the seven digits alone. When calling to Saint Kitts and Nevis from anywhere in the United States or Canada simply dial 1(869) + seven digit phone number.

Other websites 
 North American Numbering Plan Administrator
 List of exchanges from AreaCodeDownload.com, 869 Area Code 

1
Metropolitan Police

The Metropolitan Police is the name of the police service for the Metropolitan police district of Greater London.

It covers all of London boroughs, except the City of London.  It is the largest of the 52 police forces in the United Kingdom. In 2009, it had about 30000 police officers, more than three times the size of the next largest force.

References

Local government in London
Law enforcement agencies of the United Kingdom
1829 establishments in Europe
1820s establishments in England
Network port

A network port is a 16-bit number that identifies one side of a connection between two computers. Computers use port numbers to determine to which process or application a message should be delivered. As network addresses are like street address, port numbers are like suite or room numbers. Any program may use any port, though some port numbers have a standard use and some programs may be limited in which ports they can use for security reasons. Firewalls often block access to ports based on the network address and port of the source or destination computer, or the program using the port (if the firewall is running on the same computer).

Computer networking
False pregnancy

A false pregnancy, hysterical pregnancy or pseudopregnancy is when a mammal shows some of the symptoms associated with a pregnancy, but without being pregnant. False pregnancies commonly occur in dogs and mice. False pregnancy in humans is less common, and usually has psychological causes. False pregnancy is probably caused by changes in the endocrine system of the body, which leads to the secretion of hormones. These hormones are the reason physical changes happen, similar to those during pregnancy. The underlying cause is often mental.

References

Female reproductive system

pl:Ciąża rzekoma#Ciąża urojona
Naomi Campbell

Naomi Eliane Campbell (born 22 May 1970) is a British supermodel and actress who was born in Streatham, a district in Lambeth, London and started her modelling career in the 1980s. She has appeared on over 500 magazine covers.

Naomi was one of six models of her generation declared "supermodels" by the fashion world. As the most famous black model of her time, Campbell has been outspoken throughout her career against the racial bias that exists in the fashion industry. Her personal life is widely reported, particularly her affairs with famous men—including boxer Mike Tyson and actor Robert De Niro—and several high-profile assault convictions.

Early life 
Campbell is the daughter of Jamaican-born dancer Valerie Morris. In accordance with her mother's wishes, Campbell has never met her father, who abandoned her mother when she was four months pregnant and who went unnamed on her birth certificate. She took the surname Campbell from her mother's second marriage.

During her early years, Campbell lived in Rome, where her mother worked as a modern dancer. Following their return to London, she was left in the care of her maternal grandmother, Ruby, while her mother travelled across Europe with the dance troupe Fantastica. At five years old, Campbell was enrolled at the Barbara Speake Stage School and at the age of ten, she was accepted into the Italia Conti Academy of Theatre Arts, where she studied ballet.

Career
In 1978 Campbell was in the video for "Is This Love" by Bob Marley. When she was 12 she tap-danced in Culture Club's video for "I'll Tumble 4 Ya". In April 1991 Campbell was in the video for "In the Closet" by Michael Jackson. In 1993 Campbell fell over while she walked down the runway for Vivienne Westwood in a pair of foot-high platform shoes. That year she was on the cover of Vogue twice.

In September 1994 Campbell released an album called babywoman. It has sold over a million copies. A novel that she wrote called Swan was also published.

Campbell was on the cover of Playboy in 2000. In 2011 she was in the music video for "Girl Panic!" by Duran Duran. In 2013 she was a judge on the reality show The Face.

References 

1970 births
Living people
Actors from London
Black British actors
British people convicted of assault
English movie actors
English television actors
Models from London
English R&B singers
Black British musicians
Blue-ringed octopus

The blue-ringed octopus (genus Hapalochlaena) is the most venomous octopus. This small cephalopod mollusc lives in warm, shallow reefs off the coast of Australia, New Guinea, Indonesia, and the Philippines. It has a life span of about two years. As of 2020, four different species have been described and named. Other species  likely exist.

Description 
The blue-ringed octopus has distinctive blue rings on its body and on its eight arms. This is its warning colouration, which it shows when attacked. The full warning display is bright yellow with blue rings or lines. It is only about 8 in (20 cm) with the tentacles spread wide.

Diet 
It eats crabs, shrimp, and small fish. It hides in the reef, then catches prey with its arms, bites it with its tough beak, and kills it by delivering a poison in the saliva. The poison is a neurotoxin (maculotoxin) that is strong enough to kill a human being.

References 

Venomous animals
Cephalopods
.
Plasmodium falciparum

Plasmodium falciparum is a protozoan parasite, one of the species of Plasmodium which cause malaria in humans. It is transmitted by the female Anopheles mosquito. P. falciparum is the most dangerous of these infections as P. falciparum (or malignant) malaria has the highest rates of complications and mortality.

There are about 200 species in the genus Plasmodium, divided into 15 sub-genera. The parasites are partners in a complex co-evolution with mosquitos and land vertebrate species.

References 

Parasites
Apicomplexa
Alexander Kazarsky

Aleksandr Ivanovich Kazarsky () (June 16, 1797 – June 16, 1833) was a Russian Navy officer. He was the hero of the Russo-Turkish War (1828–1829). Kazarsky was the captain of brig Mercury. He became famous after the victory in the battle against two Turkish ships of the line.

Career 

 Kazarsky joined the fleet in 1811.
 In 1814 he became an officer.
 14 May 1829 Kazarsky won the battle against two Turkish ships.
 From 26 May to 17 July 1829 Kazarsky was the Captain of frigate Pospeshny.
 From 1831 to 1833 Kazarsky was a member of the retinue of Nicholas I of Russia.
 In 1833 he was poisoned.

A brig and a torpedo boat were named after Alexander Kazarsky.

1797 births
1833 deaths
Russian military people
Chrissie Hynde

Christine Ellen "Chrissie" Hynde (born 7 September 1951 Akron, Ohio) is an American singer, songwriter and guitarist. She is a member of the rock band The Pretenders. She has been singing since about 1975.

References

Other websites

American rock guitarists
American rock singers
American singer-songwriters
Musicians from Akron, Ohio
New wave musicians
Singers from Ohio
Writers from Akron, Ohio
1951 births
Living people
Sandhill crane

The sandhill crane (Grus canadensis) is a bird that lives in Canada and the northern U.S. It migrates to Mexico and the southern U.S. in winter.

References 

Cranes
Behind the Paint

Behind the Paint is an autobiography of Joseph Bruce better known as Violent J, one half of the hip-hop group, Insane Clown Posse. The book was published by Psychopathic Records in July of 2003 and had a revised second edition that was released in August 2004. The book is about Bruce's childhood, professional wrestling career, and musical career. Brian Raftery, a writer for Wired magazine commented on the book saying: it was a "soul-baring memoir filled with unpleasant details."

References

2003 books
Autobiographies