cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Brunstad Conference Center

Brunstad Conference Center (BCC) is a conference centre in Stokke, Vestfold in Norway. The centre is owned and managed by the Christian fellowship called Den Kristelige menighet. They are often called Smith's Friends. The Smith's friends bought the farm at Brunstad near Stokke in Melsomvik in 1956.

The center was used for their own conferences. In 2000 Smith's Friends, decided to let others use the building. The old meeting hall which seated 4,700 was replaced by a new meeting hall, with space for 6,800 people, and a tent camp with over 600 caravan spots was fixed and replaced with just as many cabins, which were rented by the members of the church.

Maintenance and development of Brunstad is still done by volunteers. During the building project and during arrangements, members are used as voluntary workers, or paid expenses. Money for the expansion project came for the most from the effort from the "A-lag" (A-team), where the church's youth from all over the world participate and do voluntarily work.

BCC is now a modern location for events and conferences. Brunstad has several restaurants, a cafeteria style restaurant, a large coffee bar, and a grocery store.

BCC got a lot of stories in the media in 2004 when BCC bought Østre Bolærne island from the Norwegian Military. After a lot of media attention, BCC agreed to cancel the sale, and the town of Vestfold Fylkeskommune became the new owner. Instead, BCC was able to buy property on Syningen in Hallingdal.

Events 
Every year one of the biggest shows at Brunstad Conference Center is the Arctic Equestrian Games, Norway's biggest horse show. It was first held in February, 2006.

Other websites
 brunstad.org  The Christian Church on Brunstad, Stokke, Norway, Smith's Friends
 bcc.no Brunstad Conference Center AS

References

Buildings and structures in Norway
Stig Claesson

John Stig Claesson (June 2, 1928 – January 4, 2008) was a Swedish writer and illustrator. He also was known by his signature Slas.

Biography
Claesson was born on June 2, 1928 in Huddinge, south of Stockholm. He went to the Royal Swedish Academy of Arts between 1947 and 1952, when he began to illustrate Swedish classical books such as those written by Per Anders Fogelström.  

Claesson was the father of actor Leif Claesson. Stig died on January 4, 2008 in Stockholm.

Other websites
 Obituary in the Dagens Nyheter (Swedish)

1928 births
2008 deaths
Swedish writers
Swedish illustrators
Dagens Nyheter

Dagens Nyheter (DN) is a daily newspaper in Sweden. Based in the town of Stockholm, it was started on 23 December 1864.

Other websites

Official website

1864 establishments in Europe
Newspapers published in Sweden
Stockholm
19th-century establishments in Sweden
Chihuahua (state)

Chihuahua is a state in Mexico.

Other websites 
  Chihuahua state government

 
States of Mexico
Public administration

Public administration has two meanings. First it means putting into action government policy. Second, academics study this, and prepare civil servants for working in the public service (the non-political part of the government).

Public administration helps improve management and improve policies so that government can work better. Public administrators manage public programs, translate politics into the programs and services that citizens use every day. In universities, professors of public administration study government decision making, analyze policies, and think about how to improve policies and programs.

Other websites 

Canada
The Institute of Public Administration of Canada

Hong Kong SAR, China
Hong Kong Public Administration Association

Europe
National Institute of Public Administration - Europe/Portugal
EAPAA European Association for Public Administration Accreditation
EGPA European Group of Public Administration 
NISPAcee Network of Institutes and Schools of Public Administration in Central and Eastern Europe
EUPAN European Public Administration Network
EPSA European Public Service Award 

Holland
Dutch Association for Public Administration (In Dutch)
Public Administration starting page  (In Dutch)

India
Indian Institute of Public Administration 

Philippines
University of the Philippines - National College of Public Administration and Governance 

Poland
National School of Public Administration, Warsaw, Poland

Turkey
Faculty of Political Science - Public Administration (Turkey)

United Kingdom
How to be a civil servant under the British or Westminster system

United States
Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management
American Society for Public Administration 
National Academy of Public Administration
National Association of Schools of Public Affairs and Administration

Suggested reading
Smith,  Kevin B. and Licari, Michael J. Public Administration - Power and Politics in the Fourth Branch of Government, 

Government
European Space Agency

European Space Agency or ESA (ESA; , ASE) is an international organisation with 22 member countries. Its job is to explore space. 

Its headquarters are in Paris, France. ESA has a staff of more than 2,000 with an annual budget of about €4.43 billion / US$5.51 billion (2015).

The member countries of ESA are Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.

ESA's space flight programme includes 
human spaceflight,  
the launch and operations of unmanned exploration missions to other planets and the Moon, 
Earth observation.
running a major spaceport, the Guiana Space Centre at Kourou, French Guiana, 
designing launch vehicles. 

The main European launch vehicle Ariane 5 is operated through Arianespace with ESA sharing in the costs of launching and further developing this launch vehicle.

References

Other websites 

 ESA website
Space agencies
International organizations
Paris
Management

Management means directing and controlling a group of people or an organization to reach a goal. Management often means the deployment and manipulation of human resources, financial resources, technological resources, and natural resources. In other word Management can also mean the person or people who manage, the managers.  European Management is specifically defined by academic Andreas M. Kaplan as a cross-cultural, societal management approach based on interdisciplinary principles.

Other websites 
 Association of Professionals in Business Management (APBM)
  Management Courses  at MIT Sloan, OpenCourseWare
 Research on Organizations: Bibliography Database and Maps 
 (United States) Academy of Management: dedicated to the scholarship and practice of management
 Institute of Certified Professional Managers

References
Republic of Texas

The Republic of Texas was a sovereign state in North America between the United States and Mexico that existed from 1836 to 1845. It was started on March 2 1836, when the people living in Texas declared themselves independent from Mexico. The Mexican army led by Santa Anna marched into Texas and attacked the new country. However the Mexican army was defeated and Santa Anna was captured at a battle near the site of Houston. The new republic did not have an easy time. It did not have a proper government, or any money. Its borders were often raided by Mexico, and there was fighting between the settlers and the Native Americans. The US government did not recognize the Republic of Texas.

In 1841, Santa Anna again became president of Mexico and the border attacks increased. By this time, thousands of new settlers had moved into Texas, and people in the US supported the people of Texas. The idea of annexation of Texas into the US became popular.

The Republic of Texas ended on December 29, 1845, when Texas became the 28th state of the United States of America.

Former countries in North America
1836 establishments in North America
1845 disestablishments
19th-century disestablishments in North America
History of Texas
Nuremberg Military Tribunals

The Nuremberg Military Tribunals are the follow up trials of war criminals held by the United States of America in Nuremberg.

The trial of the 24 Major War Criminals held by the International Military Tribunal (IMT) in Nuremberg is at Nuremberg Trials

The IMT only held one trial before disagreements between the four wartime allies stopped the series of trials that were planned. The four countries occupying Germany carried on with trials of many people in their own zone of occupation. Twelve that were held by the United States are the most famous of these rials. They involved the some of the most important people to be prosecuted after the 24 Major War Criminals.

Trials
The twelve US trials in front of the Nuremberg Military Tribunal took place from December 9, 1946 to April 13, 1949. The trials were:

Nazism
World War II
International law
1940s in Germany
Nestorianism

Nestorianism is a movement within Christianity. The idea behind the doctrine was that there were two different persons of Jesus. One of them was the man Jesus, the other was the aspect of son of God, or Logos. Perhaps the most prominent supporter of the idea was Nestorius, archbishop of Constantinople. Nestorius lived from about 380 to about 450 AD. The Council of Ephesus condemned this view in 431. This led to a split of the church, into the Assyrian Church of the East and the Byzantine Church. 

For this reason, the Assyrian Church of the East is sometimes called Nestorian. The church holds the view that Christ has two essences (qnome) that are united in one person (parsopa). 

The only two churches that teach Nestorianism today are the Assyrian Church of the East, and the Church of the East & Abroad.

Ancient Christianity
Daikokuten

In Japan, Daikokuten (大黒天), is one of the Seven Lucky Gods. Daikokuten came from the Indian god, Shiva. Daikoku wears Japanese robes and has a happy and smiling personality.

Location 
Daikoku's pictures are found in the temples of Tibet and China and the god enjoys a high position as a household god in Japan. Daikoku's connection with wealth and success started a strange ritual known as Fuku-nusubi. This ritual started with the belief that the person who stole figures of gods and goddesses was promised good luck, if they were not caught while stealing. Eventually, stealing divine figures became so common that the Toshi-no-ichi or the ‘year-end-market’ held in the Asakusa Kannon temple became the main place where the sale of these images was held.

Purpose 
Daikoku is considered to be the god of wealth or the household, mostly the kitchen. He is recognised from his wide face, smile, and a flat black hat. He is often shown holding a golden mallet and sitting on bales of rice.

References 
 Japan and Indian Asia by Hajime Nakamura. Publisher: Firma KLM, 1961. Publication Date: 1961
 India and Japan: A Study in interaction during 5th cent - 14th century - By Upendra Thakur . 

Japanese deities

zh:大黑天
Seesaw

A seesaw (also known as a teeter-totter) is a long, narrow board which is fixed in the middle, a little way above the ground. When one end of the seesaw goes up the other goes down.

Children often like to play on seesaws. Two children sit on the seesaw, one at each end. The child who is down pushes the ground with his feet so that he goes up and his friend goes down.  Then the friend pushes up so the first child goes down. They continue to go back and forth until they are ready to stop playing on the seesaw.

It works best with two children who are about the same size, or else the heavy person will make his end stay down.  On some seesaws there is room for two or three children on each end.  There is a handle for each child to hold on to so that they do not fall off.

In mechanics (a kind of physics) anything that is balanced in the middle and goes up and down like a seesaw might be described as something that "seesaws".  

Playground equipment
Playground slide

Playground slides are slides for children to play on in playgrounds.  The child climbs up a ladder or some stairs, then sits down at the top and slides all the way down.  Some children like to slide down on their backs or on their stomachs.  This can sometimes be dangerous on big slides.

Slides are made of metal, plastic or wood.  They must have a smooth surface so that the child does not hurt himself.  Sometimes, in amusement parks, there are giant slides called "helterskelters".

There are slides at swimming pools where people can slide down into the water with a splash.  These are called "water slides" or "shutes".

Playground equipment
Antipsychotic

Antipsychotic drugs or Neuroleptics are drugs that act on the central nervous system, and that usually have sedating properties. The name neuroleptic was introduced in 1955, from the 1990s, the term antipsychotic is used more frequently. Neuroleptics make the patient calm. Today, they are mostly used for the treatment of psychosis, as it occurs in schizophrenia and  bipolar disorder. They can also be used to treat depression and mood swings. Very strong antipsychotics can be combined with an opioid to produce a special analgesic; the patient will be conscious, but heavily sedated, and feel very little pain.

History 
The main inventor of this drug was Andrew J. Smith whom at the time was 16 when he made it. He created this drug that has saved hundreds of people with schizophrenia.

Drugs used in psychiatry
Kintarō

Kintarō (金太郎, Kintarō? sometimes means "Golden Boy") is a folk (story) hero from Japanese folklore. A child born really strong. He was raised by a girl ogre in a mountain called Mount Ashigara. He became friendly with the animals and imaginary things of the mountain. Later, after catching the terror of the region around Mount Ooe, Shutendouji, he became a great follower of Minamoto no Yorimitsu under the new name Sakata no Kintoki (坂田公時, Sakata no Kintoki?).

Japanese folklore
490 Veritas

490 Veritas

490 Veritas is a big asteroid, which may have been involved in one of the more huge asteroid-asteroid collisions of the past 100 million years.

At 115 and 125 km in diameter, Veritas and 92 Undina are the biggest of the 300-strong Veritas family of asteroids. David Nesvorný of the Southwest Research Institute in Boulder traced the orbits of these bodies back in time, and calculated that they formed in a collision of a body at least 150 km in diameter with a smaller asteroid some 8 million years ago. Veritas and Undina would have been the biggest pieces of that collision.

The thought Veritas collision would have been too far from Jupiter for the pieces to have been slung into a collision course with Earth. However, solar radiation would have caused the resulting dust to drift inward to Earth orbit over a time span consistent with the record of dust in the ocean sediment.

Today continuing collisions among Veritas-family asteroids are estimated to send five thousand tons of cosmic dust to Earth each year, 15% of the total.

It was found by Max Wolf in 1902. Its provisional name was 1902 JP.

References 
 Kenneth A. Farley, David Vokrouhlický, William F. Bottke, David Nesvorný, "A late Miocene dust shower from the break-up of an asteroid in the main belt." Nature 439, 295-297 (19 January 2006) Nature article

Other websites 
 "Asteroid Smashup Yields Dust Shower on Earth"  from SkyandTelescope.com, Jan. 20, 2006.

Asteroids
Cart

A cart is a vehicle with two wheels and usually pulled by one horse.  Other animals such as ox, cattle or donkeys are sometimes used instead of a horse. A handcart is pulled or pushed by a person.

Carts have been used for over 4,000 years around the world. Today we use the shopping cart. Shopping carts first made their appearance in Oklahoma City in 1937.

Gallery

Other websites

Basic English 850 words
Animal-powered vehicles
Lanark Grammar School

Lanark Grammar School is a medium-sized secondary school in Lanark, South Lanarkshire which has over 1000 students.

Available subjects
Art and Design
Biology
Business Education
Chemistry
Classical Studies
Computing Studies
Craft and Design
English
French
German
Geography
Graphics Communications
History
Home Economics
Mathematics
Physics
Religious Education

Library
The school library has lots of books on all the subjects studied at the school. It also has a wide range of fiction books for juniors and seniors. There are 15 computers in the library which can be used by any of the students who need to do work.

Grammar schools in the United Kingdom
Schools in Scotland
Johannes Vermeer

Johannes Vermeer or Jan Vermeer (baptised 31 October 1632, died December 1675) was a Dutch Baroque painter. He spent his life in the town of Delft. Vermeer came from a Protestant family but he married a Catholic, named Catherina Bolnes, in April 1653. They had eleven children.

Vermeer mainly painted people in daily life. He painted people in detail and used rich colors. He kept the backgrounds simple. This contrast makes the viewer focus on the main point. 

He used perspective technique to draw lines from one dot on the canvas. He used this technique on his 17 paintings. Those paintings have a little dot which may be used for perspective. 

Vermeer’s painted women often wear blue clothes. This color blue is made from a natural mineral called lapis lazuli.

There is no self portrait of Jan Vermeer. His face may be in some other paintings, especially The Art of Painting (De Schilderkunst) and The Procuress (De Koppelaarste), but there is no proof that the man is Vermeer.

Sources  
Essential Vermeer, This site covers much of Vermeer's life, works, and environment
Virtual Vermeer , Familiar biography, interesting entries
Van Meegeren's Fake Vermeers at Arttube (Museum Boijmans) 
Vermeercentrum , Short biography of Vermeer and his life in Delft.
Entry in Britannica encyclopaedia

Further reading 

1632 births
1675 deaths
Dutch painters
People from Delft
Richard Adams

Richard George Adams (9 May 1920 – 24 December 2016) was an English author. His most famous book, Watership Down, began as a story to tell his daughters. Adams won both important British children's book awards, the Carnegie Medal and the Guardian Children's Fiction Prize.

Adams was in the British Army during World War II. Later he joined the British Civil Service. Two years after Watership Down was published, Adams became a full-time author. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature in 1975.

Adams died on 24 December 2016 at the age of 96 in Oxford, England from complications of a blood disorder.

Select books 
 Watership Down
 Shardik
 Nature Through the Seasons
 The Tyger Voyage
 The Plague Dogs
 Voyage Through the Antarctic (with Ronald Lockley)
 Daniel (2006)

References

1920 births
2016 deaths
English writers
English novelists
Literature since 1500
Mergoscia

Mergoscia is a municipality of the district Locarno in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland. The village is found above Lago di Vogorno in the Verzasca valley.

References 

Municipalities of Ticino
Meride

Meride is a former municipality of the district Mendrisio in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland. On 14 April 2013 the former municipalities of Besazio, Ligornetto and Meride merged into the municipality of Mendrisio.

References

Other websites 

 Official website 

Former municipalities of Ticino
Mezzovico-Vira

Mezzovico-Vira is a municipality of the district Lugano in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.

References 

Municipalities of Ticino
Miglieglia

Miglieglia is a municipality of the district Lugano in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.

References 

Municipalities of Ticino
Minusio

Minusio is a municipality of the district Locarno in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.

References

Other websites 
 Official website 

Municipalities of Ticino
Moleno

Moleno is a former municipality of the district Bellinzona in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.

On 2 April 2017 the former municipalities of Camorino, Claro, Giubiasco, Gnosca, Gorduno, Gudo, Moleno, Monte Carasso, Pianezzo, Preonzo, Sant'Antonio and Sementina merged into the municipality of Bellinzona.

References 

Former municipalities of Ticino
2017 disestablishments in Switzerland
Monte Carasso

Monte Carasso is a former municipality of the district Bellinzona in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.

On 2 April 2017 the former municipalities of Camorino, Claro, Giubiasco, Gnosca, Gorduno, Gudo, Moleno, Monte Carasso, Pianezzo, Preonzo, Sant'Antonio and Sementina merged to form the municipality of Bellinzona.

The Swiss Heritage Society chose Monte Carasso for the 1993 Wakker Prize.

References

Other websites 
 Official website 

Former municipalities of Ticino
2017 disestablishments in Switzerland
Mark Ronson

Mark Daniel Ronson (born 4 September 1975) is a music producer from London, England. Ronson has released two albums. His first, released in 2003, was mainly hip hop music. His second, in 2007, featured British singers and musicians performing many different genres and styles.

Early life
Ronson's mother, Ann Dexter-Jones, is a writer, and his father used to work in the music industry. He has two twin sisters, Charlotte and Samantha. Samantha is also a musical artist, and a well known LA DJ.
Charlotte is a well known clothing designer and owns several clothing stores.

Ronson's family are ethnically Jewish.

Ronson became interested in hip hop when he moved to New York City, aged 8. He went New York University, and became a popular DJ in New York during the 1990s.

Albums
Ronson's first album was called Here Comes the Fuzz, a hip hop album featuring artists such as Ghostface Killah. It was released in 2003. It reached #70 in the music charts.

His second album, Version, was more successful. It sold more, and was nominated for a number of awards. It featured lead vocals by the likes of Amy Winehouse, Lily Allen, Robbie Williams, and others famous British singers too. Jordan Galland, an American musican also contributed to it.  The artists performed cover songs, (which means the songs were new 'versions' of old songs - the word "version" was originally used in this context by the Reggae scene) but what made this second album stand out was the return to the use of professional arrangers and a full brass section.  At a time when other producers such as Timbaland had made a name for themselves by producing simple stripped down backing beats, the sound was a complete change of direction.  The brass section that Ronson used was the Dap-Kings who usually performed with Sharon Jones.  It reached #2 in the British charts.

Other websites
 MarkRonson.co.uk Official home page
 MySpace.com/MarkRonson Ronson's MySpace page

References

1977 births
Living people
Best Original Song Academy Award-winning songwriters
Brit Award winners
Grammy Award winners
Shardik

Shardik is a fantasy novel written by Richard Adams in 1974.

Plot
Shardik takes place in an imaginary region called the Beklan Empire.  A lonely hunter, Kelderek, pursues Shardik, a giant bear. Both of them become unwillingly drawn into the politics of the entire empire. The story's key themes include the personal struggles of sin and atonement, the strength and potential of children, and the responsibility of adults to protect and nurture children in hope of a better future.

1974 books
Books by Richard Adams
Fantasy books
English novels
Warsaw Uprising (1794)

The Warsaw Uprising of 1794 (also called the "Warsaw Insurrection") was started by a group of Polish people who lived in Warsaw. With help from the Polish Army, they tried to stop Russia from controlling the biggest city in Poland. It started on April 17, 1794, which was soon after Tadeusz Kościuszko's victory at an important battle.

Although the Russian army was larger, had better weapons, and killed many Polish people, Russian soldiers started to lose a lot of land and suffered from many deaths.

The Polish people had been preparing to fight in the uprising since the spring of 1793. They managed to become very popular: they formed a large army of volunteers who were led by a shoemaker, Jan Kiliński. Apart from this army, the most famous group to take part in giving the Polish people their freedom were the Poles who had been forced to join the Russian army. A person who watched the fighting was a French artist, Jan Piotr Norblin, who drew pictures of the uprising.

References 

History of Poland
History of Russia
1794
1790s in Europe
Fugazi

Fugazi were an American alternative rock band that became active in 1987.

History
Singer and songwriter Ian MacKaye had been in two bands before he joined Fugazi. These bands were Embrace, a band that existed from 1985 to 1986, and the more well-known Minor Threat. Guy Picciotto, who played guitar, was in famous punk/emo band Rites of Spring from 1984 to 1986. Brendan Canty, who played drums, was also in Rites of Spring. For Joe Lally, it was his first major band.

Style of music
Fugazi are known for their aggressive, "chunky" music. It is difficult to call them one genre of music, as they play many different musical styles. The band wanted to sound different to other bands they knew and had been in. MacKaye and Picciotto also have different styles of singing and songwriting. MacKaye prefers songs that people can sing along to, whereas Picciotto prefers more complex songs.

The members of Fugazi did not use illegal drugs, drink alcohol, or have casual sex. This was called being "straight edge". The term "straight edge" was invented by Minor Threat, MacKaye's previous band.

Today
Fugazi have not officially split up. However, they have not played since late 2002. This is because some of the band members have settled down with their families.

Albums
 13 Songs (1989) - A collection of songs from the band's first two EPs.
 Repeater (1990)
 Steady Diet of Nothing (1991)
 In on the Kill Taker (1993)
 Red Medicine (1995)
 End Hits (1998)
 The Argument (2001)

References

1980s establishments in Washington, D.C.
1987 establishments in the United States
American rock bands
Musical groups from Washington, D.C.
Musical groups established in 1987
Post-hardcore bands
1980s American music groups
1990s American music groups
2000s American music groups
Benzaiten

Benzaiten (弁才天, 弁財天) is the Japanese name of the goddess Saraswati. Worship of Benzaiten arrived in Japan in the 6th to 8th centuries, mainly through the Chinese translations of the Sutra of Golden Light .

Her Sanskrit name is "Sarasvatî Devî", which means "flowing water". This is why Benzaiten is the goddess of everything that flows: water, words, speech, and music. The characters used to write her name showed her as the goddess of eloquence. Because of the Sutra of Golden Light, in Japan she became a protector of the people. Lastly, she became one of the Seven Lucky Gods.

In the Rig-Veda (6.61.7) Sarasvati killed the three-headed snake, also known as Vritra. This is probably one of the sources of Sarasvati/Benzaiten's close link with snakes and dragons in Japan. She has a shrine on the Island of Enoshima in Sagami Bay, about 50 kilometers south of Tokyo; and a five-headed dragon and her are the main people in the Enoshima Engi, a history of the shrines on Enoshima written by the Japanese Buddhist monk Kokei (皇慶). According to Kokei, Benzaiten is the third daughter of the dragon-king of Munetsuchi (無熱池; literally "lake without heat"), the lake which is at the center of the world in an ancient Buddhist view.

Other websites
  A Study of the Enoshima Engi 
 Sacred Texts account of Benzaiten

Sources
Japan and Indian Asia by Hajime Nakamura. Publisher: Firma KLM, 1961. Publication date: 1961
India and Japan: A Study in interaction during 5th cent - 14th century – By Upendra Thakur.

Japanese deities
Purchasing power parity

There are two ways to measure GDP (total income of a country) of different countries and compare them. One way, called GDP at exchange rate, is when the currencies of all countries are converted into USD (United States Dollar). The second way is GDP (PPP) or GDP at purchasing power parity (PPP).

PPP

Uses 
Purchasing power parity (PPP) is measured by finding the values (in USD) of a basket of consumer goods that are present in each country (such as pineapple juice, pencils, etc.). If that basket costs $100 in the US and $200 in the United Kingdom, then the purchasing power parity exchange rate is 1:2.

Examples 
For example, suppose that Japan has a higher GDP per capita (US$18) than the US (US$16). This means that the average Japanese person makes $2 more than the average American. However, this does not necessarily imply that the Japanese are more affluent. Suppose that one gallon of orange juice costs $6 in Japan, and $2 in the US, i.e. $6 buys a good in Japan that can be purchased in the US for $2. 1 gallon of orange juice is taken as a reference good in this example. Simply, 1 gallon of orange juice can be bought in Japan, versus 3 gallons in America, with an equivalent amount of money. We can calculate a PPP index for Japan vs. the US equal to 1/3.  According to orange juice prices, Americans have stronger purchasing power, or are able to buy more value with their money. The US has a PPP-adjusted GDP of $16, which has not changed since it is the reference currency. Japan's GDP, however, is only $6 when adjusted for PPP. This is calculated by multiplying Japan's unadjusted GDP by the PPP index. In reality, a much wider range of goods that includes much more than just orange juice is taken to calculate the PPP index, so that it accurately reflects the average cost of living.

Daily life (application) 
Now apply this to daily life. The orange juice represents the previously mentioned "basket of goods" which represents the cost of living in a country. Therefore, even if a country has a higher GDP per capita (individual income), that country's people may still live poorer if the cost of living is higher.

There are some problems with how PPP is calculated using the market basket. Because people in different countries buy different goods, it can be very hard to create an accurate market basket. This means that PPP does not always represent the exact real value of money in different countries.

References

Economics
Warren (domestic)

A domestic warren is a man-made, enclosed establishment of animal husbandry that is used for the raising of domestic rabbits for meat and fur.  

There was a clear distinction between free warren and domestic warren. But today that is nearly gone. One even speaks of a prairie dog warren.

Other websites 
 Description of mounds, etc.

References 

Domesticated animals
Animal enclosures
Warren

Warren could mean:

Animal husbandry and related

Animal husbandry
 Warren (domestic), a rabbitry for the breeding and raising of domestic rabbits.  Warren is also used for rabbit or hare burrows in the wild.

Forest law
 Warren (free) ("Free warren"), a type of hunting franchise under the Anglo-Norman Forest law

Metaphor
 In metaphoric use, warren refers to a tight agglomeration of inferior accommodations, such as a slum.

People
 Warren G. Harding, 29th President of the United States
 Warren Beatty, American actor
 Warren Christopher, former Secretary of State of the United States
 Warren E. Burger, former Chief Justice of the Supreme Court
 Warren Buffett, American businessman and entrepreneur 
 Warren Hastings, first Governor-General of India
 Warren Zevon, American singer and musician
 Warren Truss, Australian politician

Other
 Warren abstract machine, a Prolog (software) engine
 Warren Commission, which investigated the assassination of John F. Kennedy
 Warren Cup, a Roman antiquity
 Warren's Gate, an archaeological site
 Warren's Skipper, a type of butterfly
 Warren Wagon Train Raid, historic incident in Texas
Burrow

A burrow is a hole or tunnel in the ground made by an animal. Animals dig burrows to live in. Sometimes animals only use burrows for a short time. Many animals dig burrows.

There are many different kinds of burrows. Different kinds of animals make different kinds of burrows. Lots of mammals make burrows. Some mammals that make burrows are moles, gophers, groundhogs, rabbits, meerkats, and kangaroo mice. The biggest mammal that makes a burrow is the polar bear.

Other kinds of animals that make burrows are: mammals, amphibians, fish (lungfish), crustaceans, reptiles, birds, small dinosaurs, insects, spiders, sea urchins, crustaceans, clams, and worms.

Burrows can be made in different materials. Kangaroo mice make burrows in sand. Termites make burrows in wood. Some sea urchins and clams make burrows in rock. Burrows can also be make in different shapes and sizes. Some burrows are simple tubes a few centimeters long. Others are many tunnels and rooms that connect to each other.

Sometimes a burrow has a special name when it is made by a certain kind of animal. For example, a rabbit's burrow is called a warren.

References 

Animals
Soma (drink)

Soma is a drink used in ancient India, in the (Vedic) culture. It is written of in the Vedas, in which there are many hymns praising it. 

It was probably a juice made from a mountain plant or the haoma plant. In the Vedas, Soma is both the sacred drink and also a god (deva). It is not known for sure what Soma actually was.

Soma is similar to the Greek drink, ambrosia. According to their beliefs it is what the gods drink, and what made them gods. Indra and Agni are known for drinking a lot of Soma. Mortals also drink it, giving them visions that are thought to be divine. The Rig-Veda (8.48) states, "We have drunk the Soma; we have become immortal; we have gone to the light; we have found the gods." The Ninth Mandala of the Rig Veda is known as the Soma Mandala. It is mostly hymns to Soma.

Hindu mythology
Tokyo Juliet

Tokyo Juliet (or 東方茱麗葉 in Chinese) is a 2006 Taiwanese dramatic television series. It stars Ariel Lin and Wu Zun of the band Fahrenheit. The series is based on the manga of the same name by Miyuki Kitagawa.

Cast
Ariel Lin 林瀨穗 Lin Lai Sui
Wu Chun as 紀風亮 Ji Feng Liang
Simon Yam as 褚形 Chu Xing
Tang Zhi Ping as Ai Li Ou
Huang Hong Sheng as 陸一彌 Lu Yi Mi
Kagami Tomohisa as 克行 Ke Xing
Lu Jia Xin as Gan Li Sha
Cai Shu Zhen as Gao Gang Quan
Cai Yi Zhen as 裴美子 Pei Mei Zi (Pei Mitsu)
Wu Jun Qiang as Guang Xi

2006 television series debuts
2006 establishments in Asia
2000s establishments in Taiwan
Left Hand Path

Left Hand Path is a term used in occultism for one kind of spiritual path. It is the opposite of the Right Hand Path, which is what most people think of when they think of religion or spirituality.

The use of this term in occultism came from a term used in Hindu Tantra, Vama marga in Sanskrit. This ancient form of tantra used the breaking of rules (taboos) as part of the practice. Rules about diet and sex were broken on purpose. For example, rules against eating meat and drinking alcohol might be broken. Such a practice might require eating meat and drinking alcohol while having sex in a graveyard or cremation ground.

People who follow the Left Hand Path in the West are not interested in giving up pleasure or the world in order to be spiritual. They are not interested in worshiping God or following rules made up by others. They seek to gain power and freedom by breaking through taboos, fears and restrictions.

Many people link this term with Satanism and black magic, but they are not the same. The Left Hand Path is sometimes described as amoral.

Related pages
 Thelema
 The Satanic Bible

References 
 Evans, Dave. The History of British Magic After Crowley. Hidden Publishing, 2007. 
 Grant, Kenneth. Cults of the Shadow. London: Muller, 1975.
 Hine, Phil. Black magic and the left-hand path .

Spirituality
Wu Zun

This is a Chinese name. The surname is Wu (吳)

Wu Zun (traditional Chinese: 吳尊; simplified Chinese: 吴尊; pinyin: Wú Zūn) is a Brunei-born actor and singer. He is the only non-Taiwanese member of the boy band Fahrenheit. He is also known for his roles in the Taiwanese TV shows Hanazakarino Kimitachihe and Tokyo Juliet.

Biography
Born Goh Kiat Chun (traditional Chinese: 吳吉俊; Pinyin: Wú Jí Jùn) in Brunei on 10 October 1979, Wu studied at the Chung Hwa Middle School in Bandar Seri Begawan. He later graduated from the RMIT University in Melbourne with a Bachelor's degree in Business Administration. Wu also played basketball for Brunei's national team . Before joining Fahrenheit (band), he was a model for 伊林 Yi Lin in Taiwan and for Diva Models in Singapore. He manages a gym club called Fitness Zone in Brunei.

Television roles

Fahrenheit
Wu was the last and oldest member to join Fahrenheit (band). He is the bass vocalist of the group. He also plays the drums. His personality is represented by a cool Autumn at 59 degrees on the Fahrenheit scale. He also represented by the word "Mysterious" (traditional Chinese: 神; Pinyin: shén).

References

Other websites 
 Chinese H.I.M International Music
 Japanese Fahrenheit: Official Japan Site
 Wu Zun's Blog

1979 births
Living people
C-pop singers
Actors
Singers
Bruneian people
Vamachara

Vamachara or Vama marga (Left-Hand Path) are technical terms used for practices in tantra that are considered to be outside the usual Hindu social norms.  The term Dakshinachara (Right-Hand Path) is used to refer to Tantric sects that stay within these social norms.

Hinduism
Magick

Magick is an old way to spell the word "magic". This spelling was used by Aleister Crowley for occult magic of Thelema. He wanted to make it clear that he did not mean stage magic.

Crowley defined magick as "the science and art of causing change to occur in conformity with the will."  By this, he included ordinary acts of will as well as acts of ritual magic.

Spirituality
Dolmen

A dolmen is a type of single-chamber megalithic tomb. It usually consists of three or more upright stones (megaliths) supporting a large flat horizontal capstone (table). 

Most date from the early Neolithic period (4000 BC to 3000 BC). Dolmens were usually covered with earth or smaller stones to form a barrow, though in many cases that covering has weathered away, leaving only the stone "skeleton" of the burial mound intact.

Notes 

Prehistoric buildings and structures
Burial monuments and structures
Twice-cooked pork

Twice-cooked pork (, literally: meat that has been returned to the wok) is probably the best-known Sichuan-style Chinese dish. Twice-cooked pork is cooked by boiling pork rib steak chunks in hot water with slices of ginger and salt first, then after being cut into thin slices, the pork is put back into a wok and shallow-fried in hot oil.

Legend 
Twice-cooked pork is said to have started in the Qing Dynasty, while the Qianlong Emperor toured Sichuan. Qianlong wanted a feast at every stop that he made, and, when he arrived at one particular village, the villagers were very worried. The crops had not been harvesting well that year and there may not have been enough to host the emperor. They were worried that the emperor would do bad things to them if they did not give him a feast, so they quickly put the food they had not yet eaten back into the pot, cooked it again (thus "twice-cooking" them) and served the food to the emperor. To their surprise, the emperor enjoyed it, and so the "Twice Cooked Pork" became a famous Sichuan dish.

Types
Common vegetables to add to twice-cooked pork are cabbage, peppers and garlic shoots. Pixian, a thick broad-bean sauce, is also a common ingredient. 

Chinese food
Pork
Sichuan
Meat dishes
Joseph (name)

Joseph is a name from Hebrew language, written as . This is pronounced in standard Hebrew as Yosef, and in Tiberian Hebrew and Aramaic as . In Arabic the name is spelled  or Yūsuf. The name can be translated from Hebrew as "the lord will increase." The name Joseph is used mostly in English and French-speaking countries. Some shortened versions and nicknames of Joseph include Joe, Joey and Jo. From 1925 to 1972 it was one of the top ten boys' names in the United States.

People known as Joseph

Royalty
 Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor
 Joseph II of Austria
 Franz Joseph I of Austria
 Joseph I of Portugal, King of Portugal
 Joseph, Prince of Brazil
 Joseph, General Inquisitor (1720–1801) – a natural son of King John V of Portugal, one of the Children of Palhavã.
 Joseph Bonaparte, King of Spain, King of Naples
 Maximilian III Joseph, Elector of Bavaria
 Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria, King of Bavaria

Biblical figures
 Saint Joseph, husband of Mary the mother of Jesus (according to Christian doctrine)
 Joseph, Old Testament Biblical figure in the book of Genesis
 Joseph of Arimathea, secretive disciple of Jesus

Other
 Joe Biden, Vice President of the United States of America
 Chief Joseph, Nez Perce tribal leader
 Joseph Cook, Prime Minister of Australia

Given names
Burrow (Shropshire)

Burrow is a hill in Shropshire with an Iron Age hill fort at the top that is known as Burrow Camp. The nearest villages are Hopesay and Aston-on-Clun.  It was possibly very important during the Iron Age as it has two natural springs.

Geography of England
Shropshire
Roy Keane

Roy Maurice Keane (born 10 August 1971 in Mayfield, Cork, Republic of Ireland) is a former Irish football player. He was the manager of English Championship club Ipswich Town. He played for Republic of Ireland national team. The best part of his career was twelve-years with Manchester United, in which between 1997 and 2005 he was captain.

Club career statistics 

|-
|1989/90||Cobh Ramblers||First Division||12||1||||||||||||||12||1

|-
|1990/91||rowspan="3"|Nottingham Forest||rowspan="2"|First Division||35||8||||||||||||||35||8
|-
|1991/92||39||8||||||||||||||39||8
|-
|1992/93||Premier League||40||6||9||0||||||||||49||6
|-
|1993/94||rowspan="13"|Manchester United||rowspan="13"|Premier League||37||5||6||1||7||0||3||2||53||8
|-
|1994/95||25||2||7||0||1||0||4||1||37||3
|-
|1995/96||29||6||7||0||1||0||2||0||39||6
|-
|1996/97||21||2||3||0||2||0||6||0||32||2
|-
|1997/98||9||2||0||0||0||0||1||0||10||2
|-
|1998/99||35||2||7||0||0||0||12||3||54||5
|-
|1999/00||29||5||colspan="2"|-||0||0||12||6||41||11
|-
|2000/01||28||2||2||0||0||0||13||1||43||3
|-
|2001/02||28||3||2||0||0||0||12||1||42||4
|-
|2002/03||21||0||3||0||2||0||6||0||32||0
|-
|2003/04||28||3||5||0||0||0||4||0||37||3
|-
|2004/05||31||1||4||1||1||0||6||0||42||2
|-
|2005/06||5||0||0||0||0||0||1||0||6||0

|-
|2005/06||Celtic||Premier League||10||1||||||||||||||10||1
12||1||||||||||||||12||1
440||55||55||2||14||0||82||14||591||71
10||1||||||||||||||10||1
462||57||55||2||14||0||82||14||613||73
|}

International career statistics 

|-
|1991||3||0
|-
|1992||7||0
|-
|1993||9||0
|-
|1994||8||1
|-
|1995||2||0
|-
|1996||2||0
|-
|1997||7||2
|-
|1998||3||2
|-
|1999||4||0
|-
|2000||4||0
|-
|2001||7||4
|-
|2002||2||0
|-
|2003||0||0
|-
|2004||5||0
|-
|2005||4||0
|-
!Total||67||9
|}

References 

1971 births
Living people
Irish footballers
Irish football managers
Manchester United F.C. players
People from Cork (city)
Marilyn (hill)

A Marilyn is a mountain or hill in the British Isles (including Ireland) with a relative height of at least 150 metres (492 ft). The name was coined as an ironic contrast to the designation Munro, that is used of a Scottish mountain with a height of more than 3,000 feet, which is homophonous with (Marilyn) Monroe.

There are currently 1554 Marilyns identified in Great Britain and surrounding islands: 1214 in Scotland, 179 in England 156 in Wales and 5 on the Isle of Man. 

Many of the largest hills are Marilyns, including Ben Nevis, Scafell Pike and Snowdon. On the other hand, many large hills, including some Munros, and other well-known hills are not Marilyns because they do not meet the relative height criterion.

Other websites
 Marilyn News Centre
 Lakes24 24 Marilyns in 24 hours in the English Lake District

Hills
+
Ireland
Munro

A Munro is a Scottish mountain with a height over 3,000 feet (914.4 metres). They are named after Sir Hugh Munro (1856–1919), who produced the first attempt at a catalogue of such hills, known as Munro's Tables, in 1891.

Munro did not set any measure of relative height by which a peak qualified as a separate mountain, and much debate has since taken place over how distinct two hills must be if they are to be considered as two separate Munros.

Despite their modest height, walking and climbing in the Scottish mountains may be made dangerous by their latitude and exposure to Atlantic weather systems. Even in summer, conditions can be very bad; thick fog, strong winds, driving rain and freezing summit temperatures are not unusual.

Winter ascents of certain Munros are widely accepted to provide among the most challenging ice climbs in Europe. Some walkers are unprepared for the often extreme weather conditions on the exposed tops and many fatalities are recorded every year, often resulting from slips on wet rock or ice.

Other websites
Scottish Mountaineering Club official Munros page , including completionists.
MunroMagic – details and route descriptions for all Munros. (Some content requires registration.)
The Munros and Tops 1891-1997  - Spreadsheet showing changes in successive versions of Munro's Tables.

Geography of Scotland
Topographic prominence

Topographic prominence is a way to measure the independence of a summit. It is often known simply as prominence. Some also call it autonomous height, relative height, shoulder drop (in the United States), or prime factor (in Europe). It is "the elevation difference between the summit and the lowest contour line encircling it and no higher summit".

Two related concepts in topography are col and parent peak. These are used to calculate the prominence. The parent peak is a higher mountain that is often (but not always) nearby. It is chosen using a variety of criteria. The col is the lowest point between two peaks. There may be several cols between a peak and its parent peak, since other peaks may be between the two. The highest of these cols is known as the key col. Prominence is measured as the difference in height between the summit and the key col.

Related pages 
List of mountain peaks by prominence
Topography
Topographic isolation

Lists 
List of mountain peaks by prominence
List of Ultras of Canada
List of Ultras of Mexico

References

Other websites 
peaklist.org, a website about mountain prominence, with lists and maps
Edward Earl’s article on Topographic Prominence
Mountain Hierarchy using Prominence Islands

Physical geography
Jamaica coalition

A Jamaica coalition was the name given to a possible coalition government of Germany.

The government would have been formed by the CDU/CSU, the FDP and The Greens.

Their party colours are black, yellow and green, the same colours as the flag of Jamaica.

A Jamaica coalition was most talked about after the 1995 election in Germany when the CDU/CSU only had a few more seats that the SPD, and needed more seats the its usual partner the FDP had in order to have a majority.

Politics of Germany
Rainbow body

The rainbow body in Buddhism is a body that is made of light, not flesh. The term is mostly used in the part of Tibetan Buddhism called Dzogchen.

According to Dzogchen, the rainbow body is a sign of complete mastery of the Dzogchen view. Tenzin Wangyal Rinpoche states: “The realized Dzogchen practitioner, no longer deluded by apparent substantiality or dualism such as mind and matter, releases the energy of the elements that compose the physical body at the time of death”.

Padmasambhava, who was the founder of Buddhism in Tibet, is often shown with the rainbow body on paintings known as thangkas.

Notes

References 
 Blackman, Sushila (Compiled and edited) (1997). Graceful Exits:  How Great Beings Die:  Death Stories Of Tibetan, Hindu & Zen Masters. New York, USA:  Weatherhill, Inc.  
 Namkhai Norbu Rinpoche (Edited by John Shane) (1988).  The Crystal and the Way of Light.. Routledge & Kegan Paul. 
 Namkhai Norbu Rinpoche (1999). The Crystal and The Way of Light: Sutra, Tantra and Dzogchen. Snow Lion Publications. 
 Reynolds, John Myrdhin (1996). The Golden Letters. (1st ed edition). Snow Lion Publications. 
 Sogyal Rinpoche; Harvey, Andrew (Editor) & Gaffney, Patrick (Editor)(1993). Tibetan Book of Living and Dying. (Rev and Updated ed.). HarperSanFrancisco. 
 Tenzin Wangyal Rinpoche (2002). Healing with Form, Energy, and Light. Ithaca, New York: Snow Lion Publications.

Other websites 
 Images of Rainbow Body 

Buddhism