Lawrence Welk

Lawrence Welk (March 11, 1903 – May 17, 1992) was an American musician, accordionist, bandleader, and television impresario, who hosted The Lawrence Welk Show from 1955 to 1982. His style came to be known as "champagne music".

In 1996, Welk was ranked #43 on TV Guide's 50 Greatest TV Stars of All Time.

Early life
Welk was born in Strasburg, North Dakota. Most people there spoke German, but also knew English. His parents were Ludwig and Christiana (Schwahn) Welk, who were ethnic Germans from Russia. They emigrated to America in 1892 from Selz, Kutschurgan District, in the German-speaking area north of Odessa (now Odessa, Ukraine, but then in southwestern Russia). In North Dakota, the family lived on a homestead.

Welk decided on a career in music and got his father to buy him an accordion from a mail order for $400 (equivalent to $ in )  He promised his father that he would work on the farm until he was 21, to pay his father back for the accordion. Any other money he earned during that time, by doing farmwork or performing, would go to his family.

Early career
On his 21st birthday, Welk left the family's farm to start his career in music. During the 1920s, he performed with the Luke Witkowski, Lincoln Boulds, and George T. Kelly bands before he started his own orchestra. He led big bands in North Dakota and eastern South Dakota. These included the Hotsy Totsy Boys and later the Honolulu Fruit Gum Orchestra. His band also played for radio station WNAX in Yankton, South Dakota. In 1927, he graduated from the MacPhail School of Music in Minneapolis, Minnesota.

During the 1930s, Welk led a traveling big band that played dance tunes and "sweet" music. At first, the band traveled around the country by car. They were too poor to rent rooms, so they usually slept and changed clothes in their cars. At an engagement at the William Penn Hotel in Pittsburgh, a dancer said that Welk's band's sound was as "light and bubbly as champagne," which is where the term "Champagne Music" came from. Welk described his band's sound, saying "We still play music with the champagne style, which means light and rhythmic. We place the stress on melody; the chords are played pretty much the way the composer wrote them. We play with a steady beat so that dancers can follow it."

Welk's big band performed across the country but mostly at ballrooms and hotels in the Chicago and Milwaukee areas. In the early 1940s, the band started to play at the Trianon Ballroom in Chicago, where they played for 10 years. His orchestra also played at the Roosevelt Hotel in New York City during the late 1940s. Welk recorded a version of Spade Cooley's "Shame on You" with Western artist Red Foley in 1945. The record (Decca 18698) was #4 on Billboard's September 15 "Most Played Juke Box Folk Records" listing. From 1949 through 1951, the band had its own national radio program on ABC.

Recordings
Sometimes, Welk's band made recordings in Richmond, Indiana and in Grafton, Wisconsin for the Gennett and Paramount companies.  In November, 1928, he recorded for Gennett and in 1931, he recorded for Paramount. These records are very rare.

From 1938 to 1940, he recorded in New York and Chicago for the Vocalion label. He started with Decca in 1941, and recorded for Mercury and Coral before starting with Dot in the early 1950s.

In 1966, his orchestra recorded an album on the Ranwood Records label, with Jazz saxophonist Johnny Hodges, featuring a number of Jazz standards, including "Someone to Watch Over Me", "Misty" and "Fantastic, That's You".  The album has been out of print for many years.

The Lawrence Welk Show

In 1951, Welk moved to Los Angeles. The same year, he began hosting The Lawrence Welk Show. It was broadcast from the Aragon Ballroom in Venice Beach. The show became a local hit and was picked up by ABC in June 1955.

The show had a "bubble machine." Whenever the orchestra played a polka or waltz, Welk himself would dance with the band's female singer, called a "Champagne Lady" on the show.  His first Champagne Lady was Jayne Walton Rosen (her real name was Dorothy Jayne Flanagan). Rocky Rockwell would usually sing novelty songs. Welk would also have one song each show where he would play an accordion solo.

Welk's show would rarely play current music, except as a novelty. On the December 8, 1956 show, the show did play two current songs. They were "Nuttin' for Christmas," and Elvis Presley's "Don't Be Cruel."

The songs on the show were mostly popular music standards, polkas, and novelty songs. Welk often danced with women from the audience.

Welk had very high quality musicians, including accordionist Myron Floren, concert violinist Dick Kesner, guitarist Buddy Merrill, and New Orleans Dixieland clarinetist Pete Fountain. He paid his regular band members very well, and it was common for them to stay with the band a long time. For example, Floren was the band's assistant conductor throughout the whole time the show was broadcast.

The show didn't only play big-band era music. During the 1960s and 1970s, for example, the show played music that was originally by The Beatles, Burt Bacharach and Hal David, The Everly Brothers and Paul Williams and others, but in a style his older viewers would like. The show was originally in black and white. It changed to color in fall 1965.

While it was on network television, The Lawrence Welk Show aired on ABC on Saturday nights at 9 p.m. (Eastern Time), but changed to 8:30 p.m. in fall 1963. From 1956 to 1959, it was also known as The Dodge Dancing Party, because Welk was also hosting another show called Top Tunes and New Talent on Mondays. ABC canceled the show in 1971, but it continued on 250 stations across the country until 1982.

Personal life
Welk was married for 61 years, until he died, to Fern Renner (b. August 26, 1903, d. February 13, 2002). They had three children.

Welk was an excellent businessman. He had investments in real estate and music publishing, and was a general partner in a commercial real estate development.

Welk had four US design patents:
 A musically-themed restaurant menu
 An accordion-themed tray for serving food at a restaurant
 An accordion-themed tray for serving food at a restaurant
 An accordion-themed ash tray

Welk was a Roman Catholic and a daily communicant.

Later years

After he retired in 1982, Welk continued to air reruns of his shows. He was also in two Christmas specials in 1984 and 1985.

Welk died from bronchopneumonia in Santa Monica, California, in 1992 at age 89. He was buried in Culver City's Holy Cross Cemetery.

Singles
"Moritat (A Theme from 'The Three Penny Opera')" (US #17, March 1956)
"The Poor People of Paris" (US #17, April 1956)
"On the Street Where You Live" (US #96, June 1956)
"Weary Blues" (US #32, August 1956)
"In the Alps" (US #63, August 1956)
"Tonight You Belong to Me" featuring The Lennon Sisters (US #15, November 1956)
"When the White Lilacs Bloom Again" (US #70, November 1956)
"Liechtenstein Polka" (US #48, December 1957)
"Last Date" (US #21, December 1960)
"Calcutta" (US #1, February 1961)
"Theme From My Three Sons" (US #55, April 1961)
"Yellow Bird" (US #71, July 1961)
"Riders in the Sky" (US #87, October 1961)
"One A-Two A-Cha Cha Cha" (US #117, December 1961)
"Runaway" (US #56, May 1962)
"Baby Elephant Walk" (US #48, September 1962, AC #10, 1962)
"Zero-Zero" (US #98, December 1962)
"Scarlett O'Hara" (US #89, June 1963)
"Breakwater" (US #100, June 1963)
"Blue Velvet" (US #103, October 1963)
"Fiesta" (US #106, October 1963)
"Stockholm" (US #91, March 1964)
"Apples and Bananas" (US #75, April 1965, AC #17, 1965)
"The Beat Goes On" (US #104, April 1967)
"Green Tambourine" (AC #27, March 1968)
"Southtown U.S.A." (AC #37, February 1970)
Sources: Billboard Top Pop Singles 1955–2006, Billboard Top Adult Songs 1961–2006, Billboard Bubbling Under the Hot 100 1959–2004

Honors
In 1994, Welk was inducted into the International Polka Music Hall Of Fame.

Welk has a star for Recording on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, located at 6613½ Hollywood Blvd. He has a second star at 1601 Vine Street for Television.

In 2007, Welk became a charter member of the Gennett Records Walk of Fame in Richmond, Indiana.

Books
All books written with Bernice McGeehan and published by Prentice Hall (Englewood Cliffs, N.J.), except where indicated:
 Wunnerful, Wunnerful: The Autobiography of Lawrence Welk, 1971, 
 Ah-One, Ah-Two! Life with My Musical Family, 1974, 
 My America, Your America, 1976, 
 Lawrence Welk's Musical Family Album, 1977, 
 Welk with McGeehan, illustrated by Carol Bryan, Lawrence Welk's Bunny Rabbit Concert, Indianapolis: Youth Publications/Saturday Evening Post Co., 1977,  (children's book)
 This I Believe, 1979, 
 You're Never Too Young, 1981,

References

Other websites

Stars of the Lawrence Welk Show

Lawrence Welk's recordings in the 1920s and 1930s, along with other info 
Welk Musical Family website
Welk Musical Family blog

Lawrence Welk Collection at North Dakota State University 
The Lawrence Welk Show: Video of "Calcutta" 1961

1903 births
1992 deaths
American Roman Catholics
Musicians from Los Angeles
Deaths from bronchopneumonia
Singers from North Dakota
Actors from North Dakota
Musicians from North Dakota
Comedians from North Dakota
Singers from Los Angeles
Actors from Los Angeles
Comedians from Los Angeles