cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Allen Toussaint

Allen Toussaint (; January 14, 1938 – November 10, 2015) was an American musician, songwriter-composer, record producer, and influential figure in New Orleans R&B.

Many of Toussaint's songs became familiar through cover versions by other musicians, including "Working in the Coal Mine", "Ride Your Pony", "Fortune Teller", "Play Something Sweet", "Southern Nights", "Everything I Do Gonna Be Funky", "I'll Take a Melody", "Get Out of My Life, Woman" and "Mother-in-Law".

Early life
Toussaint was born in Gert Town, New Orleans. He was raised in Gert Town and in New Orleans. His mother was Naomi Neville.

Career 
In 1960, Toussaint was hired as a record producer by a label in New Orleans.  He was also looking for new talent to sign to the label, named Minit Records. Toussaint played piano, wrote, and produced many hit records in the early and mid 1960s for New Orleans R&B artists.    Some examples are:
Jessie Hill's "Ooh Poo Pah Doo"
Ernie K-Doe's "Mother-in-Law", written by Toussaint
Chris Kenner's "I Like It Like That"
"Ruler of My Heart", recorded by Irma Thomas. This song was later recorded  again by Otis Redding (with the title "Pain in My Heart"), and by The Rolling Stones on their second album.
 In 1964, "A Certain Girl" (originally by Ernie K-Doe) was the B-side of the first single by The Yardbirds; the song was released again in 1980 by Warren Zevon.

Honors 

In 1998, Toussaint was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame  and in 2009 into the Louisiana Music Hall of Fame.  On May 9, 2011, he was inducted into the Blues Hall of Fame.

In 2013 he was awarded the National Medal of Arts by President Barack Obama.

Death 
Toussaint died while touring in Madrid, Spain after suffering a heart attack at his hotel, aged 77.

Toussaint’s two marriages ended in divorce. He is survived by his two children, son Clarence (better known as Reginald) and daughter Alison, and by several grandchildren. His children had managed his career in recent years.

References

Other websites 

 
Audio interview with Allen Toussaint on the Sodajerker On Songwriting podcast
Allen Toussaint profile, NPR.org; accessed October 5, 2014. 
Allen Toussaint profile, discogs.com; accessed October 5, 2014. 
[ Allen Toussaint profile], allmusic.com; accessed October 5, 2014. 
Allen Toussaint NYNO Records profile, nynorecords.com; accessed October 5, 2014. 
 List of chart records written by Toussaint, MusicVF.com, accessed November 11, 2015
Allen Toussaint profile , preshallben.tumblr.com, October 5, 2014.

1938 births
2015 deaths
African American musicians
American blues musicians
American composers
American jazz musicians
American pianists
American R&B musicians
American record producers
American songwriters
American soul musicians
Cardiovascular disease deaths in Madrid
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Musicians from New Orleans, Louisiana
Laurent Vidal

Laurent Vidal (18 February 1984 – 10 November 2015) was a French professional triathlete, three time French Champion (2009, 2011 and 2012) and two time Olympian. In Beijing 2008 he placed 36th while he took the 5th place in London 2012. He was born in Sete.

On 10 November 2015, Vidal died at the age of 31 after a heart attack in Gigean.

References

1984 births
2015 deaths
2008 Summer Olympics
2012 Summer Olympics
Cardiovascular disease deaths in France
Deaths from myocardial infarction
French Olympians

People from Occitanie
André Glucksmann

André Glucksmann (; 19 June 1937 – 10 November 2015) was a French philosopher, activist and writer. He was a member of the French new philosophers.

Early life
Glucksmann was born in Boulogne-Billancourt, France to a Jewish family. He studied at the École normale supérieure de Saint-Cloud in Lyon, France.

Career
Glucksmann became well-known during the 1970s for his support of the Vietnamese boat people. He was an outspoken critic of Nazism and communism.

Later in life, he was known for his views and beliefs of the September 11 attacks. He wrote a book about how god had nothing to do with the 9/11 attacks called Dostoyevsky in Manhattan. Glucksmann supported military action in Afghanistan and Iraq. He was highly critical of Russian foreign policy, supporting a call for Chechen independence.

In August 2008 he co-signed an open letter with Václav Havel, Desmond Tutu, and Wei Jingsheng calling upon the Chinese authorities to respect human rights both during and after the Beijing Olympic Games.

Death
Glucksmann died of cancer on 10 November 2015 in Paris, France, aged 78.

References

Other websites

 
 Philosopher André Glucksmann: A Dark Vision of the Future of Europe

1937 births
2015 deaths
20th-century French philosophers
21st-century philosophers
Anti-Communists
Cancer deaths in France
Holocaust survivors
Jewish activists
Jewish French scientists
Jewish French writers
Writers from Ile-de-France
Samantha Cristoforetti

Samantha Cristoforetti (born April 26, 1977) is an Italian European Space Agency astronaut, Italian Air Force pilot an engineer. She is the first Italian woman in space and until 2017, held the record for the woman with most time spent in space with 199 days and 16 hours. This record is now held by Christina Koch. Cristoforetti is also the first person in prepare an espresso in space.

Biography 
Cristoforetti was born in Milan in 1977. She spent her childhood in Malè, Val di Sole, Trentino, Italy. When she was 18, she took a US foreign exchange program and attended Space Camp.

On July 3, 2012, the European Space Agency assigned to Cristoforetti a long-duration mission to the ISS in 2014.

References

Other websites 

ESA biography

Samantha Cristoforetti at ESA website.

1977 births
Living people
Astronauts
People from Milan
Appellate court

An appellate court, commonly called an appeals court, court of appeals (American English), appeal court (British English), court of second instance or second instance court, is any court of law that hears an appeal of a trial court or other lower tribunal. In most jurisdictions, the court system is divided into at least three levels. The trial court, which initially hears cases and reviews evidence and testimony to determine the facts of the case. There is at least one intermediate appellate court. The top level is a supreme court (or court of last resort) which primarily reviews the decisions of the intermediate courts. A jurisdiction's supreme court is that jurisdiction's highest appellate court. Appellate courts nationwide can operate by varying rules.

The authority of appellate courts to review decisions of lower courts varies widely from one jurisdiction to another. In some places, the appellate court has limited powers of review.  "Generally speaking, an appellate court's judgment provides 'the final directive of the appeals courts as to the matter appealed, setting out with specificity the court's determination that the action appealed from should be affirmed, reversed, remanded or modified'".

References 

Law
Legal terms
Tim Valentine

Itimous Thaddeus "Tim" Valentine, Jr. (March 15, 1926 – November 10, 2015), generally known as Tim Valentine, was an American lawyer and politician. He was a Democratic member of the United States House of Representatives from North Carolina from 1983 to 1995.

He was in the United States Air Force from 1944 to 1946.

Valentine died at his home in Rocky Mount, North Carolina on November 10, 2015 from heart failure at the age of 89.

References

Other websites
U.S. Congress Biographical Directory entry
NC Spin profile 

1926 births
2015 deaths
American Baptists
Lawyers from North Carolina
American military personnel of World War II
Cardiovascular disease deaths in North Carolina
Deaths from heart failure
United States representatives from North Carolina
US Democratic Party politicians
People from Rocky Mount, North Carolina
Photograph (Ed Sheeran song)

"Photograph" is a song recorded by English singer-songwriter Ed Sheeran for his second studio album, x (2014). Sheeran co-wrote the song with Snow Patrol member Johnny McDaid.

"Photograph" served as the fifth and final single from the album. It reached the top five on the main singles charts in more than five countries. In the US, where it peaked at number ten, "Photograph" became the third single from the album to have reached within the top ten. In the UK, it reached number 15 and has since been certified platinum for sales of 600,000 units. The single has also been certified double platinum in Australia and Canada, and platinum in New Zealand. 

The single's release on 11 May 2015 followed the premiere of the music video on 9 May 2015.

Other websites
2015 songs
Ed Sheeran songs
Line of Actual Control

The Line of Actual Control (LAC) is the effective border between India and China. The LAC is 4,057-km long and traverses three areas of northern Indian states: western (Ladakh, Kashmir), middle (Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh) and eastern (Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh). Quote: "India is used to incursions by Chinese troops across the 4,057-km LAC in all the three sectors—western (Ladakh), middle (Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh) and eastern (Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh)— in a bid to strengthen China's claim over disputed areas and ensure New Delhi does not change its Tibet policy."

Chinese Prime Minister Zhou Enlai used the phrase in a letter addressed to Indian Prime Minister Nehru dated October 24, 1959. In a letter dated November 7, Zhou told Nehru that the LAC consisted of "the so-called McMahon Line in the east and the line up to which each side exercises actual control in the west". During the Sino-Indian War (1962), Nehru claimed not to know where the line was: "There is no sense or meaning in the Chinese offer to withdraw twenty kilometers from what they call 'line of actual control'. What is this 'line of control'? Is this the line they have created by aggression since the beginning of September? Advancing forty or sixty kilometers by blatant military aggression and offering to withdraw twenty kilometers provided both sides do this is a deceptive device which can fool nobody."  It should be noted that these incursions were in response to India's "forward policy" in which India began to contest areas controlled by China, including some that were not included in the McMahon Line.

References

Kashmir
Territorial disputes of China
Wrongful death claim

Wrongful death is a claim  against a person who may be held liable for another person's death. A wrongful death lawsuits may be based on claims of negligence, misconduct, or a criminal act such as murder.

If the person accused of causing a wrongful death is charged with a crime, the wrongful death lawsuit may be filed after a criminal trial. It is possible to win a wrongful death lawsuit even if the person is acquitted of a crime that caused the death, because even though both trials may use the same evidence a wrongful death case has a lower standard of proof.

The claim is brought in a civil action, usually by close relatives, based on tort laws. Common law did not allow for wrongful deatlh lawsuits, as the right to bring a wrongful death claim belonged to the deceased person and died along with that person. In the United States, state and federal laws now allow for wrongful death cases in all U.S.jurisdictions.

Damages 
In law, damages are an award of  compensation, usually of money, paid to a person who has suffered a loss or injury. Damages for wrongful death may include:

 Loss of future earnings
 Loss of Benefits
 Loss of companionship
 Pain, suffering and/or mental anguish
 medical bills, funeral costs

Some states also allow recovery of punitive damages, an additional award that is intended to reform or deter the defendant and others from doing the same thing again. When available, punitive damages are normally awarded only for the most extreme cases, involving gross negligence, recklessness or intentional acts that result in death.

Sources

Law
Legal terms
Up-Tight

Up Tight (also known as Up-Tight Everything's Alright) is the fifth studio album by American singer-songwriter Stevie Wonder. It was released on May 4, 1966 by Tamla. The album reached No.33 on the Billboard Pop Album charts and No.2 on the R&B Albums charts. The album has the popular hit "Uptight (Everything's Alright)".

Track listing 
"Love a Go Go" (Beth Beatty, Ernie Shelby) - 2:46
"Hold Me" (Morris Broadnax, Clarence Paul, Wonder) - 2:36
"Blowin' in the Wind" (Bob Dylan) - 3:46(additional vocals by Clarence Paul)
"Nothing's Too Good for My Baby" (Henry Cosby, Sylvia Moy, William Stevenson) - 2:39
"Teach Me Tonight" (Sammy Cahn, Gene De Paul) - 2:39(additional vocals by The Four Tops)
"Uptight (Everything's Alright)" (Wonder, Moy, Cosby) - 2:54
"Ain't That Asking for Trouble" (Moy, Paul, Wonder) - 2:49
"I Want My Baby Back" (Harvey Fuqua, Cornelius Grant, Eddie Kendricks, Norman Whitfield) - 2:49
"Pretty Little Angel" (Paul, Mike Valvano, Wonder) - 2:12
"Music Talk" (Ted Hull, Paul, Wonder) - 2:52
"Contract on Love" (Janie Bradford, Lamont Dozier, Brian Holland) - 2:06
"With a Child's Heart" (Vicky Basemore, Cosby, Moy) - 3:08

References 

1966 albums
R&B albums
Soul albums
Speed dating

Speed dating is a formal dating process for singles. It is a fun way to meet a large number of new people in a short period of time. Singles spend three-to-five minute periods of time with as many as 25 prospective partners. The conversations are about whatever the two chose. The events are held at places like coffee shops. There is usually a fee and the rules can vary. The short period of time between couples ranges by event. Each participant has a sheet of paper on which they note "interested" or "not interested". The organizer of the event gathers the comments at the end of the event. They look for possible matches and after two or three days contact each participant to see if they are interested in dating the other person. The price for the service ranges from $20 to $80.

References 

Human sexuality
Relationships
Penza Oblast

Penza Oblast (, Penzenskaya oblast) is a  administrative division of Russia.

Geography

Penza Oblast has over 3000 rivers; the overall length is 15,458 km. In the waters of the Oblast, there are about 50 species of fish.

History
The regional center of Penza was built in 1663 as a Russian fortress.

Economy
Penza Oblast is a part of the Volga economic region.

People 
Population of this oblast: 1,386,186 (2010).

Ethnic composition (2010):
 Russians - 86.8%
 Tatars - 6.4%
 others - 6.8%

Notable people 
 Aristarkh Lentulov, avant-garde artist
 Victor Skumin, philosopher, writer, psychologist, psychiatrist, psychotherapist, and medical doctor.

Related pages
 Russia

References

Other websites 
People born in Penza Oblast

Oblasts of Russia
Politics
Legal liability

Legal liability is the legal responsibility a person has for their actions. It includes the responsibility to compensate another person for any harm or damages caused to them. Legal liability includes lawful obligations required by civil actions or torts. It can also include terms set by a contract, taxes, or fines given by government agencies.

To win a civil lawsuit the plaintiff must prove the defendant's legal liability. This requires proving the defendant failed to act in some way that caused harm to the plaintiff. To succeed the plaintiff must also show the connection of how a failure to act caused him or her injury or harm.

References

Law
Legal terms
Alaska Purchase

Alaska was originally part of the Russian Empire. In 1867, the Russian Empire sold the territory to the United States. This is known as the Alaska Purchase.

1860s in the United States
1867
19th century in Russia
History of Alaska
Insular Celtic languages

Insular Celtic languages are the six Celtic languages that originated in the British Isles. All surviving Celtic languages are from the Insular Celtic group; the Continental Celtic languages (the other group) are now extinct. The six Insular Celtic languages of modern times can be divided into 2 groups:
 The Goidelic languages: Irish, Manx, and Scottish Gaelic They are also called "Q-Celtic" because of the use of a Q sound (spelled with a C or a K).
 The Brittonic languages: Breton, Cornish, and Welsh (another language, Cumbric, is extinct). Brittonic Celtic is also called "P-Celtic" because of the use of the letter P.
By the 4th century BC most people in the British Isles spoke a Celtic language. When the Irish abbot and missionary Columba met the Pictish king Bruide they needed a translator. Columba spoke Q-Celtic while the Picts spoke P-Celtic.

References 

Celtic languages
Idiophone

An idiophone is a type of musical instrument that makes sound from the material of the instrument itself. They do not use reeds, strings or resonators. Most percussion instruments that are not drums are idiophones. Idiophones make their sound by hitting, rubbing or shaking. Drums are not idiophones. Neither are stringed instruments. Examples of idiophones include the triangle, wood block, maracas, bell, and gong.

References 

Musical instruments
Underwater Observatory Marine Park Eilat

Underwater Observatory Marine Park Eilat () is a park, conservation centre and aquarium in Eilat, Israel. It also has an underwater observatory in the Red Sea. It is located at the south of Eilat's Coral Beach Nature Reserve.

Other websites 

 Coral World 

Theme parks in Israel
Museums in Israel
Eilat
Phil Taylor (musician)

Phil "Philthy Animal" Taylor (21 September 1954 – 11 November 2015) was a English rock drummer in the British heavy metal band Motörhead from 1975–1984 and 1987-1992 recording ten studio albums and the live album No Sleep 'til Hammersmith. The classic mark IV Motörhead line-up consisted of Lemmy, Philthy Animal Taylor and Fast Eddie Clarke.

Taylor died in London of liver failure on 11 November 2015 at the age of 61.

Discography

Motörhead
On Parole (1975/1979)
Motörhead (1977)
Overkill (1979)
Bomber (1979)
Ace of Spades (1980)
No Sleep 'til Hammersmith (1981)
Iron Fist (1982)
Another Perfect Day (1983)
Rock 'n' Roll (1987)
1916 (1991)
March ör Die (1992)

Other recordings
The Muggers (album) The Muggers Tapes Live recording from a brief spell of about 4 gigs Phil drummed with Fast Eddie Clarke on guitar, John 'Speedy' Keen, also on guitar, and Billy Wrath on bass. The album was released as a 'bonus' to a 'Best of Motorhead' release.
Philthy Phil & Fast Eddie (album) Naughty Old Santa's Christmas Classics (1989)
GMT One By One 12" single (1989)
GMT War Games CD release of same tracks + one other (1991)
The Deviants Have Left The Planet (album) drummed with Ladbroke Grove pals Mick Farren on vocals, Larry Wallis on guitar, etc. (1999)
Sheep In Wolves' Clothing Motorheadbangers fan club tribute CD. The Deviants Mick Farren vocals, Andy Colquhoun, guitar, David Ito, bass and Philthy, drums; re-recorded the Motorhead / Farren song 'Lost Johnny' for the CD - released 7 April 2008.

Other appearances
Taylor appears, dressed in drag, part way through the Girlschool promotional video for their song "Yeah, Right".
Classic Albums - Ace Of Spades DVD. Taylor is in interview and playing drums on several of the Ace Of Spades albums classic tracks.

References

Other websites
 Phil Taylor at MySpace
 The Web of Spider at MySpace

1954 births
2015 deaths
Deaths from liver failure
Disease-related deaths in London
English rock drummers
People from Derbyshire
Down to Earth (Stevie Wonder album)

Down to Earth is the sixth studio album by American singer-songwriter Stevie Wonder, released on November 16, 1966 on the Tamla label. It was his second album to have been released in 1966, as Up-Tight had been released earlier on in the year.

Track listing

Side One
"A Place in the Sun" (Ron Miller, Bryan Wells) 2:52
"Bang Bang" (Sonny Bono) 2:42
"Down to Earth" (Ron Miller, Avery Vanderberg) 2:50
"Thank You Love" (Henry Cosby, Sylvia Moy, Wonder) 2:55
"Be Cool, Be Calm (And Keep Yourself Together)" (Cosby, Moy, Wonder) 2:43
"Sylvia" (Cosby, Moy, Wonder) 2:34

Side Two
"My World Is Empty Without You" (Holland-Dozier-Holland) 2:53
"The Lonesome Road" (Gene Austin, Nat Shilkret) 3:06
"Angel Baby (Don't You Ever Leave Me)" (Cosby, Moy) 2:45
"Mr. Tambourine Man" (Bob Dylan) 2:30
"Sixteen Tons" (Merle Travis) 2:42
"Hey Love" (Morris Broadnax, Clarence Paul, Wonder) 2:41

Personnel

Stevie Wonder – harmonica, keyboards, drums, percussion, vocals 
The Originals - backing vocals
The Andantes - backing vocals
Benny Benjamin – drums
James Jamerson – bass
The Funk Brothers – instrumentation
Clarence Paul and Henry Cosby – producers

References 

1966 albums
R&B albums
Soul albums
Klaus Roth

Klaus Friedrich Roth (29 October 1925 – 10 November 2015) was a German-British mathematician. He was known for his work on diophantine approximation, the large sieve, and irregularities of distribution.

Early life
He was born in Breslau, Prussia. He studied at St Paul's School in London from 1939 to 1943 and then attended Cambridge University, graduating from Peterhouse, Cambridge in 1945. In 1946 he began research at University College London, under the supervision of Theodor Estermann.

Career
He became a professor at University College London in 1961, and moved to a chair at Imperial College London in 1966, a position he held until official retirement in 1988. He then  remained at Imperial College as Visiting Professor until 1996.

Death
Roth died in Iverness, Scotland on 10 November 2015 at the age of 90.

References

1925 births
2015 deaths
Fields Medalists
Alumni of the University of Cambridge
British mathematicians
German mathematicians
David Atlas

David Atlas (May 25, 1924 – November 10, 2015) was an American meteorologist. He was one of the pioneers of radar meteorology. He worked for the US Air Force. He was professor at the University of Chicago and National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), researcher at NASA and private consultant.

Atlas was born May 25, 1924, in Brooklyn, New York City, from Jewish parents who immigrated from Poland and Russia. He studied at the City College of New York. He retired in 1994.

Atlas died on November 10, 2015 from complications following a stroke at a nursing home in Newark, New Jersey at the age of 91.

References

1924 births
2015 deaths
Deaths from stroke
American meteorologists
Scientists from Brooklyn
Márton Fülöp

Márton Fülöp (3 May 1983 – 12 November 2015) was a Hungarian professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper. He was born in Budapest.

After playing in Hungary for MTK Budapest FC, BKV Előre SC and BFC Siófok, he signed for English club Tottenham Hotspur, who loaned him to Chesterfield and Coventry, then to Sunderland with whom he permanently signed in 2007.  

Further loans to Leicester City, Stoke City and Manchester City ended with a transfer to Ipswich Town. He ended his career with spells at West Bromwich Albion and Greece's Asteras Tripoli. Fülöp also represented his country at under-21 and full international level, earning 24 senior caps from his debut in 2005. 

Fülöp died on 12 November 2015 in Budapest after a struggle with cancer, aged 32.

References

1983 births
2015 deaths
Cancer deaths in Hungary
Hungarian footballers
Manchester City F.C. players
Sportspeople from Budapest
Tottenham Hotspur F.C. players
Gene Amdahl

Gene Myron Amdahl (November 16, 1922 – November 10, 2015) was an American computer architect and high-tech entrepreneur. He was known for his work on mainframe computers at IBM alongside Fred Brooks and Gerrit Blaauw and later his own companies, especially Amdahl Corporation.  He formulated Amdahl's law, which states a fundamental limitation of parallel computing.

In 1998, he was made a Fellow  of the Computer History Museum "for his fundamental work in computer architecture and design, project management, and leadership."

Amdahl died of pneumonia after suffering from Alzheimer's disease during the last years of his life in Palo Alto, California, aged 92.

References

Other websites

 Oral history interview with Gene M. Amdahl Charles Babbage Institute, University of Minnesota.  Amdahl discusses his graduate work at the University of Wisconsin and his design of WISC. Discusses his role in the designing of several computers for IBM including the STRETCH, IBM 701, and IBM 704. He discusses his work with Nathaniel Rochester and IBM's management of the design process. Mentions work with Ramo-Wooldridge, Aeronutronic, and Computer Sciences Corporation

1922 births
2015 deaths
American computer scientists
Deaths from pneumonia
Infectious disease deaths in California
Scientists from South Dakota
People with Alzheimer's disease
Individual retirement account

An individual retirement account or IRA is a form of "individual retirement plan". It is simply a savings account with large tax advantages. An IRA is not itself an investment. It is where an investor keeps assets such as stocks, bonds and mutual funds. A 401(k) is set up by an employer, but an IRA may be started by an individual. Other IRAs may be opened by small business owners and those who are self-employed.

Types of IRAs 
There are different types of IRAs: Traditional IRAs, Roth IRAs, SEP-IRAs and SIMPLE IRAs. They vary as to tax filing status. Also they have different rules and conditions. 
Traditional IRA - Contributions to a traditional IRA are, depending on income, tax status and whether the taxpayer has a retirement plan sponsored by his or her employer. In both 2015 and 2016, a taxpayer can contribute to a traditional or Roth IRA up to $ 5,500. If over age 50, the contribution can be up to $ 6,500. Either amount can be reduced if the taxable compensation (wages for example) are less than limit set for the IRA contribution.
Roth IRA - contributions to Roth IRAs are not tax deductible. The amount that can be contributed is usually the same as a Traditional IRA.
SEP-IRA - Businesses of any size who want to set up an IRA for employees can use the SEP (Simplified Employee Pension Plan) IRA .
SIMPLE IRA - A SIMPLE (Savings Incentive Match PLan for Employees) IRA is for employees and employers to set up an IRA. This is for small businesses that do not have a retirement plan.

Prohibited asset types
Internal Revenue Code Section 408 prohibits IRA investments in life insurance and in collectibles  such as artwork, rugs, antiques, metals (there are exceptions for certain kinds of bullion), gems, stamps, coins, alcoholic beverages, and certain other tangible personal property.

Participant-directed accounts 
A participant-directed account (also called a self-directed IRA) is an IRA which is provided by some financial institutions in the United States. It allows alternative investments for retirement savings. Some examples of such alternative investments are: real estate, private mortgages, private company stock, oil and gas limited partnerships, precious metals, horses, and intellectual property. There is a risk of fraud when investing in Self-Directed retirement accounts.

References

Other websites 
 What Is an IRA? Fidelity
 IRA vs. 401(k) - What's the Difference? DailyWorth

Finance
Savings account

Saving accounts are a type of deposit account kept by banks that pay interest. They let a person keep some of their money in the bank for immediate use. They also earn money through interest. Having a savings account in a bank allows a person to have money available for an emergency. Savings accounts may be opened at most banks, credit unions and trust companies.

The other major types of deposit account are the transactional account (usually known as a "checking" or "current" account), money market account and time deposit.

References 

Banks
Wakeland High School

Justin Wakeland High School is a public high school that is in the city of Frisco, Texas, United States.  It is a part of the Frisco Independent School District in the west center area of Collin County.  It opened for the first time to students on August 14, 2006. 

Most sophomores and juniors came from Frisco High School because of the city and district's growth. Freshmen come from Griffin Middle School most of the time, and others come from Staley Middle School.  In 2013, the school was rated "Met Standard" by the Texas Education Agency.

The school is named for Justin Wakeland, who was the superintendent of the Frisco ISD for 19 years from 1978 to 1997.

The school has a television show called Win-TV. It comes on every two weeks. It has many segments and interviews about events happening at Wakeland High School. Wakeland Access, the school newspaper, has articles about events happening at the school.

A lot of sports are offered at Wakeland.

References 

Schools in Texas
2006 establishments in the United States
2000s establishments in Texas
Defense in depth (computing)

Defense in Depth (also known as layered security and layered defense) is an information assurance (IA) concept. It uses multiple layers of security controls (defenses) placed throughout an information technology (IT) system. The multiple layers are not of the same security tool. It uses several different kinds of security with each protecting against a different security attack.

Background
Defense in depth is originally a military strategy. It seeks to delay rather than prevent the advance of an attacker by yielding space to buy time.  The National Security Agency (NSA) changed the concept to be a comprehensive approach to information and electronic security.

The placement of protection mechanisms, procedures and policies is intended to increase the dependability of an IT system. Multiple layers of defense can prevent espionage. They also prevent direct attacks against critical systems. In terms of computer network defense, defense in depth measures should not only prevent security breaches but also buy an organization time to detect and respond to an attack.

Onion model 
Defense in depth has long been explained by using the onion as an example of the various layers of security. The outer layer contains the firewall. Middle layers contain various controls. The data is in the center protected by the other defenses.

A newer concept is the kill chain. Borrowed from the military it is a method of detecting and breaking an opponent's kill chain. Lockheed Martin adapted this concept to information security, using it as a method for modeling intrusions on a computer network.

Related pages 
Using more than one of the following layers constitutes defense in depth.

 Antivirus software
 Authentication and password security
 Biometrics
 Encryption
 Firewall (networking)
 Hashing passwords
 Intrusion detection systems (IDS)
 Logging and auditing
 Multi-factor authentication
 Vulnerability scanners
 Physical security (e.g. deadbolt locks)
 Internet Security Awareness Training
 Virtual private network (VPN)
 Sandboxing
 Intrusion Protection System (IPS)

References

Other websites 
Defense in Depth has Always Been a Valid Concept

Networks
Computer security
Talleres de Córdoba

Club Atlético Talleres is a sports club club that plays in Argentina's second division. Talleres' main rival is Belgrano de Córdoba.

Talleres is the only team in Córdoba that has won an international competition. It was the Copa Conmebol in 1999.

Honours

National
Copa Hermandad (1): 1977
Primera B Nacional (3): 1996, 1997-98, 2016
Torneo Federal A (2): 2012–13, 2015

International
Copa Conmebol (1): 1999

Regional
 Liga Cordobesa de Fútbol (27): 1915, 1916, 1918, 1921, 1922, 1923, 1924, 1934, 1938, 1939, 1941, 1944, 1945, 1948, 1949, 1951, 1953, 1958, 1960, 1963, 1969, 1974, 1975, 1976, 1977, 1978, 1979

Other websites

 Official website  

Argentine football clubs
Córdoba, Argentina
1913 establishments in South America
1910s establishments in Argentina
La Jura

La Jura is an Italian opera in five acts, with music and libretto by Gavino Gabriel. It was first performed in Cagliari, in 1928. On April 8, 1958 it was performed in Naples.

Principal characters

 Jaconi  - tenor
 Pasca - soprano
 Anghilesa - mezzo-soprano
 Burédda - baritone
 Filianu - bass
 Matalena - mezzo-soprano

References 

1920s operas
1928 works
Frankee

Nicole Francine Aiello (born June 9, 1983) is an American  R&B singer-songwriter and model known by her stage name, Frankee. She grew up with her parents, Matthew and Francine, and her two siblings, elder brother Matthew Jr. and younger sister Monique. Nicole was given the nickname "Frankee," which came from her middle name (and is also her grandfather's nickname). She is best known for her debut single "F.U.R.B. (Fuck You Right Back)" which is a answer back to fellow American R&B singer-songwriter Eamons debut single "Fuck It (I Don't Want You Back)".

Career
"F.U.R.B. (Fuck You Right Back)" reached number one in the United Kingdom in May 2004, and Australia in June 2004. She then released her debut studio album later on that year.
She then left her label in 2006 and signed with Big Management She has also modelled for FHM and Maxim magazines.

Discography

Albums
2004: The Good, The Bad, The Ugly
2006: Watch Me (shelved)

Singles

References

1983 births
Living people
American hip hop musicians
American R&B singers
American songwriters
American soul musicians
Models from New York City
Musicians from Staten Island
Singers from New York City
Window envelope

The window envelope is an envelope with transparent plastic window in it so you can see what it is and who it's from. It was invented and patented by Americus Callahan in 1901. It was first called an "outlook envelope." Callahan planned to use very thin rice paper as the window, but now clear plastic is used.

References

Postal history
The Good, the Bad, the Ugly (Frankee album)

{{Infobox Album
| name = The Good, the Bad, the Ugly
| type = studio
| cover = 
| artist = Frankee
| released = 2004
| recorded = 2004
| length =
| label = Marro
| genre = R&B, hip hop
, the Bad, the Ugly(2004)
| next_title =
|misc=
}}The Good, the Bad, the Ugly''''' is the debut studio album by American recording artist Frankee, released in 2004. Her debut single "F.U.R.B." is an answer song to Eamon's "Fuck It (I Don't Want You Back)". To date it is the only album released by Frankee.

Track listing
"I Do Me"
"How You Do"
"In Love with Me"
"I'm Leaving"
"Gotta Man"
"Who the Hell Are You"
"Him"
"I Told You So"
"Hell No"
"Don't Be Mad"
"F.U.R.B. (Fuck You Right Back)"

References

2004 albums
Debut albums
R&B albums
Hip hop albums
Soul albums
Zurab Tsereteli

Zurab Konstantines dze Tsereteli (, ;  born January 4, 1934) is a Georgian-Russian painter, sculptor and architect. He holds the office of President of the Russian Academy of Arts.

Other websites

 http://www.tsereteli.ru/ - the artist's official site
 http://www.911monument.com/ - the official site of "To the Struggle Against World Terrorism" monument by Zurab Tsereteli
 Artwork by Zurab Tsereteli at The Cold War Museum 
 Good Defeats Evil at the New York Public Art Curriculum
 Monument to Peter the First from Inside and Above. Pictures

1934 births
Living people
People from Tbilisi
Architects
Russian painters
Soviet people
Jihadi John

Mohammed Emwazi (born Muhammad Jassim Abdulkarim Olayan al-Dhafiri, 17 August 1988 – 12 November 2015) was a Kuwaiti-born British Arab terrorist. He moved to London in 1994. He was thought to be the person seen in several videos produced by the Islamic extremist group ISIL. The videos showed the beheadings of captives in 2014 and 2015. A group of his hostages nicknamed him  "Jihadi John" since he was part of a four-person terrorist cell with British accents whom they called "The Beatles".

On the night of 12 November 2015, US officials reported that Emwazi had been hit by a drone strike in Al-Raqqah, Syria. The following day, UK officials stated a “high degree of certainty” that Emwazi was killed. He was declared dead later that day.

References

1988 births
2015 deaths
Deaths by airstrike
British Muslims
Criminals from London
Islamic State people
Kuwaiti people
Naturalised citizens of the United Kingdom
Sheridan, Indiana

Sheridan is a town in the state of Indiana, in the United States. As of the 2010 census, the population was 2,665.

References

Towns in Indiana
Maithili language

Maithili (; ; Maithilī) is an Indo-Aryan language. It is spoken in Nepal and northern India. It is spoken by 34.7 million people. Of those, 2.8 million are Nepalese people. It is the second largest national language of Nepal. In ancient times, Maithili language was written in Mithilakshar. Now it is written in Devanagari script.

References

Indo-Aryan languages
Languages of India
Languages of Nepal
Raute language

Raute is a minor Tibeto-Burman language. It is spoken in Dadeldhura District, Mahakali Zone, Nepal. Half of its speakers are nomadic.

References

Languages of Nepal
Sino-Tibetan languages
Roland Dumas

Roland Dumas (born 23 August 1922 in Limoges, Haute-Vienne) is a French lawyer and Socialist politician. He served as the Foreign Minister under President François Mitterrand from 1984 to 1986 and from 1988 to 1993. He was also President of the Constitutional Council from 1995 to 1999.

References

Other websites

1922 births
Living people
French politicians
French lawyers
Civil servants
Alumni of the Institut d'études politiques de Paris
Warren Mitchell

Warren Mitchell (born Warren Misell; 14 January 1926 – 14 November 2015) was a British actor. He was a BAFTA TV Award winner and twice an Olivier Award winner. He was known for his role as Alf Garnett in the BBC television sitcom Till Death Us Do Part (1965–75).

Mitchell died, in the early hours of 14 November 2015, after long period of illness, aged 89.  
He is survived by his wife Connie and their three children: Rebecca, Daniel (also an actor) and Anna (also known as Georgia Mitchell).

References

Other websites

Screenonline: Warren Mitchell
TimeOut: Warren Mitchell 

1926 births
2015 deaths
Actors from London
Alumni of the University of Oxford
BAFTA Award winning actors
Naturalised citizens of Australia
English movie actors
English stage actors
English television actors
Eagles of Death Metal

Eagles of Death Metal is an American rock band from Palm Desert, California.

Career
The band released their debut studio album, Peace, Love, Death Metal on March 23, 2004 through AntAcidAudio. The song "I Only Want You" was featured in the 2004 racing game Gran Turismo 4, the television series Queer as Folk, an advertisement for Windows 8, and was a downloadable song for the Rock Band series.

Their second studio album Death by Sexy was released on April 11, 2006 in the United States and on July 3, 2006 in Europe through Downtown Records and Columbia Records. In the fall of 2006, they shared an opening support slot with Guns N' Roses, but it only lasted one show. Axl Rose of Guns N' Roses called the band "Pigeons of Shit Metal" from the stage that night and Eagles of Death Metal used the phrase on a T-shirt. 

The band performed a live concert for the launch of the 2008 video game Midnight Club: Los Angeles at the Hollywood & Highland Virgin Megastore in Los Angeles. The band's third studio album Heart On was released on October 28, 2008.

Their fourth studio album Zipper Down was released on October 2, 2015. The album's first single "Complexity" was made available to stream on Pitchfork Media's website.

On November 13, 2015, the band performed a concert for a sell-out crowd of 1,500 people at Le Bataclan theatre in Paris. During the concert, four gunmen with AK-47 assault rifles entered the theatre. They opened fire and threw explosives into the crowd. The attack lasted about 20 minutes. They killed 87 people in the theatre. Four of the attackers died, three of them by blowing up their suicide vests. The fourth killed by police gunfire, and his vest blew up when he fell. Lead singer Jesse Hughes was able to escape the attack through the backstage and the rest of the band survived.

Discography

Studio albums
Peace, Love, Death Metal (2004)
Death by Sexy (2006)
Heart On (2008)
Zipper Down (2015)

References

Other websites

1998 establishments in California
1990s American music groups
2000s American music groups
2010s American music groups
American rock bands
Musical duos
Musical groups established in 1998
Musical groups from California
Wildflower

A Wildflower is a flower that grows in the wild. Wildflowers aren't naturally planted by nature or by humans, but grow in the wild. Wildflowers are native and exotic species. Some species of wildflowers are endangered.

Other websites 

Flowers
Schnauzer

A schnauzer is a type of dog breed that originated in Germany in about the 14th century. The Standard Schnauzer is the oldest of the three Schnauzer varieties: Miniature, Standard, and Giant. All three varieties have the distinctive whiskers, mustache and eyebrows, which is where they take their name from as in German schnauzer means moustache.

History 
The Standard Schnauzer is the prototype from which the other two were bred. From the middle ages on they guarded the livestock and family members. They are descended from European herding and guard dogs. As a distinctive breed, they appear in pictures of the 14th and 15th centuries. As far as can be determined they were bred from the Gray Wolf Spitz, the German poodle (pudel) and the Wirehaired Pinscher. About the middle of the 19th century German dog enthusiasts took an interest in the Schnauzer. Dog breeders experimented by crossing them with other breeds. First the Miniature Schnauzer was developed, then the Giant Schnauzer.

Three varieties 
 A Miniature Schnauzer is an energetic and sturdy little dog. Miniature Schnauzers are also very intelligent dogs. They stand between  tall at the shoulder. They normally weigh between . The normal colors are salt and pepper (a mix of off-white, gray and black), all black, and black and silver. They resemble the Standard Schnauzer from which they were bred. They were first shown as early as 1889.

 The Standard Schnauzer is the original breed of Schnauzer. German farmers in  kept them as hunting dogs, rat catchers and watchdogs. They are a medium-sized dog with a hard, wire-like coat. It is a strong and very quick dog for its size. It is able to cover distances easily. Like all Schnauzers they have the same whiskers, eyebrows and mustache. They stand between  tall at the shoulder. Standard Schnauzers normally weigh between . The colors are usually salt and pepper or solid black. 

 The Giant Schnauzer resembles the Standard Schnauzer, only they are bigger and stronger. They are very muscular dogs. They stand as much as  tall at the shoulder. They can weigh about . The double coat is either solid black or “pepper and salt.” Much the same as their two smaller cousins they have the distinctive whiskers, eyebrows and mustache. The breed was developed in the areas around Württemberg and Bavaria as a farm dog. They were used to drive livestock to market. During World War I they were used as military guard dogs and as police dogs. They still work with police today and also as Search and rescue dogs. They are also popular as guard dogs.

References

Other websites 

The Three Varieties of the Schnauzer Dog Breed
The Behavioral Differences Between a Miniature, Standard & Giant Schnauzer

Dog breeds
Chelsea, London

Chelsea is a well-known area in London. It was a borough, but now it is in the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea.

It is an area where the property values are very high, and the shops and facilities cater to wealthy people. It is the home of Sloane Square, the King's Road and Chelsea F.C. It was the centre of Swinging London in the 1960s, and is still a centre of the fashion trade. Sloane Street is one of London's premier shopping destinations, with high-end fashion or jewellery boutiques such as Cartier, Tiffany & Co., Dolce & Gabbana, Prada, Gucci, Harrods, Dior, Louis Vuitton, Jimmy Choo, Giorgio Armani, Yves Saint Laurent, Chanel, Valentino, Bvlgari, Gianni Versace and Graff.

References 

Chelsea, London
Harrods

Harrods is an upmarket department store on Brompton Road in Knightsbridge in the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea, London. The Harrods brand also applies to Harrods enterprises, including Harrods Bank, Harrods Estates, Harrods Aviation and Air Harrods.

The store has a  site. It has 330 departments covering one million square feet () of retail space. It is said to be the biggest department store in Europe.

Harrods was founded by Charles Henry Harrod in 1834. In the 20th century they bought other stores in the UK. In 1959, the British department store holding company, House of Fraser, bought Harrods. Later, in 1985, the Egyptian Mohamed Al-Fayed bought Harrods. In 2010, the store was sold to Qatar Investment Authority (QIA). This company invests the wealth of the Qatar royal family. Harrods is also known for their annual Christmas bears which are very popular. 

1834 establishments in Europe
Department stores
Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea
1830s establishments in England
Odo, Earl of Kent

Odo, Earl of Kent (ca 1030 – 1097) and Bishop of Bayeux, was the half-brother of William the Conqueror. For a time he was second in power after William became King of England.

Career

Early life 
Odo was born about 1030. He was the son of William the Conqueror's mother Herleva and Herluin de Conteville. Count Robert of Mortain was his younger brother.

Norman Conquest and after 
Although he was an ordained Christian cleric, he is best known as a warrior and greedy nobleman. He provided 100 ships for his brother's invasion of England. Odo is one of the very few proven companions of William the Conqueror, known to have fought at the Battle of Hastings in 1066. He probably commissioned the Bayeux Tapestry. In 1067, Odo became the Earl of Kent. For several years he was a trusted royal minister. On some occasions when William was absent (back in Normandy), he served as the de facto regent of England. At times he led the royal forces against rebellions. There are also other occasions when he accompanied William back to Normandy. During this time Odo acquired vast estates in England. He held land in twenty-three counties, mainly in the southeast and in East Anglia.

Character 
As the Earl of Kent he became infamous for being greedy, ruthless and a tyrant. Odo obtained a large fortune in land and gold by plundering the landowners of Kent. One chronicler, Thomas of Marlborough, called him a "ravening wolf". Orderic Vitalis, writing nearly a century after Odo's death, he showed him to be a very complex man. On the one hand Odo had great ambition. He was the perfect example of Norman oppression on a conquered England. Yet he was deeply religious and contributed to the ecclesiastical growth of England. Orderic wrote of him:

Fall from grace 
In 1076 Odo was placed on trial. He was accused of defrauding the Crown and the Diocese of Canterbury. At the conclusion of the trial he was forced to return a number of properties he had taken. Most of his wealth was redistributed.

In 1082, he was suddenly disgraced and put in prison. This time it was for having planned a military expedition to Italy. He wanted to crown himself the Pope. His brother, the king, disapproved of the plan and put a stop to it. Odo spent the next five years in prison in Rouen. His English estates were taken back by the king, as was his office as Earl of Kent. He was allowed to remain the Bishop of Bayeux, however. Odo was released from prison after William died. In 1096 Odo set off on the First Crusade with his nephew, Robert Curthose. He died in Palermo while wintering there in early 1097. He was buried in the Cathedral there.

References 

1030s births
1097 deaths
Crusaders
Earls and countesses
Normans
Roman Catholic bishops
Cortisone

Cortisone is a 21-carbon steroid hormone. Its chemical name is 17-hydroxy-11-dehydrocorticosterone. It is one of the main hormones released by the adrenal gland in response to stress. 

In chemical structure, it is closely related to cortisol. It is used to treat a variety of ailments and can be administered in various ways. Cortisone suppresses the immune system. This reduces inflammation, pain and swelling at the site of the injury. Long-term use of cortisone has risks.

Tadeus Reichstein, E.C. Kendall and P.S. Hench were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1950 for their discovery of cortisone.

References 

Steroid hormones
Seux

Seux is a French commune in Picardy. In 2012, 167 people lived there. The commune is stuated on a plateau, about  from Amiens. It is known for its church, Saint Fiacre, which was built in the 18th century. Robert de Louvencourt (1880-1952), which was in the French legion d'honneur, was born in Seux.

Communes in Somme