cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Slim

Slim may mean to:

 Field Marshal William Slim, 1st Viscount Slim (1891 – 1970), a British military commander and 13th Governor-General of Australia
 Slim (movie), a 1937 film of the William Wister Haines novel starring Henry Fonda
 Slim (band), a musical group from Oakland, California
 Carlos Slim Helú, Mexican billionaire
 Slim Gaillard, half of the "Slim & Slam" partnership
 Guitar Slim, a famous musician
 Slim Shady, rapper also known as Eminem
 Slim, a 1934 novel by William Wister Haines
 Slim Pickens (1919-1983), American actor and cowboy
 Slim Whitman, a country musician
 Slim Moon, record maker and musician
 SLiM, a desktop-independent graphical login manager
 slim, short linear motif
 SLIM is a slitless spectroscopy simulator programme
 Slim, Toronto  radio personality

Slim may also mean:
AIDS, often called "slim", especially in Africa, because of the wasting it produces in untreated victims.

SLIM may mean:
SLIM theory of language
Judas Iscariot

Judas Iscariot (last name means man of Kerioth) was one of the original disciples of Jesus. He is found in all four gospels of the New Testament. He is described as having betrayed Jesus for money, then killing himself. He is said to have been the treasurer for the apostles.

Even though he was one of Jesus' disciples, he helped the chief priests arrest Jesus. Then those priests told the Roman governor to kill Jesus. The priests paid Judas thirty pieces of silver for his help. Later; due to great sense of guilt for betraying Jesus, Judas tried to give back the silver. When he was unable to undo when he had done, he committed suicide.

At the Last Supper, Jesus told his disciples that one of them would betray him. Matthew and Luke wrote that Jesus implied that it was Judas.

While Jesus was praying on the Mount of Olives, Judas brought the priests and their men to him. Then he kissed Jesus, so that the priests could know who he was. Then the priests took Jesus away to be killed. The priests gave Judas money for helping them.

The Gospel of Matthew states that Judas felt guilty that he helped kill Jesus. He tried to give the money back to the priests, but they said it was illegal. So Judas threw the money into the temple, and then hanged himself. Then the priests used the money to buy a graveyard for strangers.

In the book of Acts, Judas used the money to buy a field for himself, but died there a while after. After Judas died, the other disciples chose a man named Matthias to take his place as a new disciple in the group of 12.

Related pages
The following people were the other apostles of Jesus: 
Andrew
Bartholomew
James of Zebedee
James of Alphaeus
John 
Jude Thaddeus
Matthew
Peter
Philip 
Simon the Zealot 
Thomas 
Matthias was chosen by the remaining eleven apostles to replace Judas  following his suicide (Acts 1:18-26)
Paul became an apostle after Jesus' death, resurrection, and ascension

References 

Twelve Apostles
Jews who committed suicide
Suicides by hanging
Pin stripes

Pin stripes are a pattern of very thin stripes running in parallel found in cloth. 

Although pin stripes are found in mostly in men's suits, any type of fabric can be pin striped. In baseball, the Chicago Cubs baseball uniforms have had pin stripes since 1907 and they are recognized as the first Major League Baseball team to have pin striping onto a baseball uniform. Many other Major League Baseball teams like the Montreal Expos and New York Yankees later put pin stripes on their own uniforms.

References

Clothing

de:Nadelstreifen
Baseball park

A baseball park, baseball stadium, or ball park / ballpark is a place where baseball is played. It refers to the field of play, seating areas (if any) and any other things added to it. 

The flexible rules about baseball fields (aside from the rigid rules of sizes of basepaths and pitcher's mound) allow ballparks to have their own character and quirks. This happens at all levels of baseball, amateur and especially professional. This makes each stadium interesting and unique.

Field 
The baseball field is a grassy field that is about  or more in diameter, and is separated into the infield (the area nearest to the batter) and the outfield.

The infield is a square (usually called a "diamond"), with each side being  long. In each corner of the square, there is a "base", which is a square with sides of . One of the bases is called home base or home plate, and the sides of the square that touch home plate are extended beyond the two nearest bases until the outfield fence (which is  or more away from home plate) to form the foul lines. Most of what happens in a baseball game happens in the area of the field in between the foul lines and the outfield fence, which is called fair territory. All other areas of the field (except the foul lines) are called foul territory.

Major League Ballparks
Below is a list of all current ballparks for teams of major league baseball.

References

Other websites 
Baseball Park facts, figures, photos, and more at Ballparks.com
Satellite and Aerial Photography of American League Stadiums 
Satellite and Aerial Photos of National League Stadiums
Venus Rising

Venus Rising was a 1995 movie starring Jessica Alba, Henry Bean and Morgan Fairchild.

Other websites

1995 movies
English-language movies
Child soldier

A child soldier is a child that takes part to actively fight in a war. There is no official definition. The Coalition to stop the use of Child Soldiers says that no one less than 18 years old should be recruited by regular or auxiliary troops. The age limit of 18 years is taken from the Convention on the Rights of the Child. 

UNICEF, terre des hommes and Amnesty International see all the combatants and their helpers that are below 18 years of age as child soldiers. 

There is a problem, however. If such children were classified as Combatants, this would permit to fight against children in wars. On the other hand, if such children were captured, they would then have to be treated according to the Geneva Conventions as prisoners of war.

The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court says that recruiting people below the age of 15 is a war crime, and must be prosecuted. Thomas Lubanga is currently being tried for this crime at the court in Den Haag. 

According to an UN source, 300.000 children were actively participating in armed conflicts, in 1996.

References

Army
Childhood
Child labour
Paranoid (2000 movie)

Paranoid is a 2000 Indie film, directed by John Duigan, which was made for theatrical release but was later released directly to video. It stars Jessica Alba and Iain Glen.

2000 movies
English-language movies
The Sleeping Dictionary

The Sleeping Dictionary is a 2003 movie by Guy Jenkin.  It was filmed in Sarawak and is set during the British colonial rule in the 1930s.  Jessica Alba and Hugh Dancy were in the movie.

2003 movies
English-language movies
DVD Exclusive Awards

The DVD Exclusive Awards is an award that honors direct to video productions.  The awards were first held in 2001. They are awarded by online periodical Video Business and The Digital Entertainment Group.

Other websites
Official site 

Entertainment awards
Mekhi Phifer

Mekhi Thira Phifer (born December 29, 1974) is an American actor. He was born in Harlem, New York. He played Greg Pratt on NBC's television series ER. He won season four of Bravo's Celebrity Poker Showdown. He had a recurring role in Curb Your Enthusiasm.

Filmography

1974 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
Actors from New York City
Imagen Awards

The Imagen Awards are awards given to Latin Americans in the movie industry. They are held by the Imagen Foundation. This organization is dedicated to recognizing the role of Latin American people in the entertainment industry.

Awards have been made to movie stars like Jessica Alba.

Other websites 
Imagen Foundation website

References

Movie awards
1985 establishments in the United States
The Ten

The Ten is a comedy movie directed by David Wain and cowritten by Ken Marino through ThinkFilm. The movie was released on August 3, 2007. The DVD was released on January 15, 2008.  It stars Jessica Alba.

2007 comedy movies
2007 movies
English-language movies
Spanish-language movies
Multilingual movies
Meet Bill

Meet Bill (formerly known as Bill) is a 2008 comedy movie written and directed by Bernie Goldmann and Melisa Wallick and starring Aaron Eckhart and Jessica Alba.

2008 movies
2008 comedy movies
English-language movies
Chicago Hope

Chicago Hope is a CBS Medical drama series created by David E. Kelley that ran from September 18, 1994, to May 4, 2000. It took place in a fictional private charity hospital in Chicago.

Other websites 

1994 American television series debuts
2000 American television series endings
1990s American drama television series
1990s medical television series
2000s American drama television series
2000s medical television series
American medical television series
CBS network shows
Television series set in Chicago, Illinois
English-language television programs
After school special

An after school special is a type of American television program intended to be viewed by adolescents when they return home from school, usually at about 4:00 pm.  It was started by the American Broadcasting Company in 1972.  Its rival, CBS, also put out an after school special show titled Schoolbreak Specials in 1984.

Television programs
The Love Boat: The Next Wave

The Love Boat: The Next Wave is an American television series which was based on the ABC sitcom The Love Boat. The series aired on UPN from 1998 to 1999.

Cast 

1998 American television series debuts
1990s American television series
UPN network shows
Television spin-offs
1999 American television series endings
English-language television programs
ALMA Award

The American Latino Media Arts Award, or ALMA Award is an award given to Latino performers (actors, film and television directors, and musicians) who promote positive portrayals of Latinos in the entertainment field. In Spanish, alma means spirit or soul.

Other websites 
Official Site

Entertainment awards
Entourage (TV series)

Entourage is an Emmy Award-winning HBO original series created by Doug Ellin. It was shown from 2004-2011. It chronicles the rise of Vincent Chase and his childhood friends from Queens, New York City as they navigate the unfamiliar terrain of Hollywood, California. Doug Ellin, Mark Wahlberg, and Stephen Levinson serve as the show's executive producers, and the show's premise is loosely based on Wahlberg's experiences as an up-and-coming movie star.

References

Other websites 

2004 American television series debuts
2011 American television series endings
2000s American television series
2010s American television series
American comedy-drama television series
HBO television series
Emmy Award winning programs
Television series set in Los Angeles
English-language television programs
The Sydney Morning Herald

The Sydney Morning Herald is a newspaper made in Sydney, Australia. It is made by an Australian company called Fairfax, and started on 18 April 1831.

References

Other websites
The Sydney Morning Herald homepage

Newspapers published in Australia
Sandpit

A sandbox or sandpit is a small area filled with sand made for children to play in. Sandboxes are often rectangular with wooden sides. They can be found in many playgrounds, and can also be installed in the gardens of homes. Sandpits are also very popular for making sandcastles. However, some animals use them for litter trays. Sandboxes can be found in most elementary schools. They can also be made of plastic, and in different shapes. They are mostly made for the purpose of entertaining young children.

History 
German sand gardens were the first children's toys used by the public. They were brought to the United States at an unknown time, in Boston.

Toys
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.

Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. is an American company known for publishing the Encyclopædia Britannica, the world's oldest encyclopedia, and also the second largest.

Further reading 
“Encyclopædia Britannica May Refer to ‘For Sale’ to Raise Capital,” Portland Oregonian, April 7, 1995
 Richard A. Melcher, “Dusting Off the Britannica,” Business Week, October 20, 1997
 Robert McHenry, “The Building of Britannica Online”
 Steve Barth, “Britannica on the Virtual Bookshelf,” Knowledge Management Magazine
 Dorothy Auchter, “The Evolution of Encyclopædia Britannica,” Reference Services Review 27, no. 3: 297

References

Other websites 
Company website 
Encyclopædia Britannica Corporate, “Company History” 

Encyclopædia Britannica
Book publishing companies
1768 establishments
Publishing companies of the United States
1760s establishments in the Thirteen Colonies
Companies based in Chicago, Illinois
Batting order (baseball)

This article is about baseball. For other meanings, see batting order.

The batting order, or batting lineup, in baseball is an when nine members of the offense take their turns in batting against the pitcher in an order.  The batting order is decided by the manager before the game begins, although sometimes during games, a player substitutes with another player which makes the take the original player's spoy. If a team bats out of order, it is a violation of baseball's rules and subject to penalty.  When the whole batting order makes plate appearances (bats against the pitcher) in a single inning, it is called "batting around."

In modern American baseball, some batting positions have nicknames:  "leadoff" for first, "cleanup" for fourth, and "last" for ninth. Others are known only by the ordinal numbers.

Other websites 
"Elements of the Game: The Batting Order" 

Baseball
Sports words
Faline

Faline is a fictional female roe deer in Felix Salten's novel Bambi, A Life in the Woods and its sequel, Bambi's Children. She is Bambi's mate.

She also appeared in the Walt Disney movies Bambi and Bambi II based on the book. Her mother is Ena. First shown as a fawn and later as an adult doe, Faline's role is Bambi's friend and later mate. Faline was featured as a guest in House of Mouse.
She was voiced by Cammie King and Ann Gillis in the original film, and Andrea Bowen in Bambi II.

Bambi characters
Horní Rápotice

Horní Rápotice is a village in the Pelhřimov District, Vysočina Region of the Czech Republic. About 157 people live there and it has 3.98 km². It was first documented in 1352.

Villages in the Czech Republic
Krásná Hora

Krásná Hora is a village in the Havlíčkův Brod District, Vysočina Region of the Czech Republic. About 524 people live there. It covers 22.21 km². It was first documented in 1379.

Villages in the Czech Republic
Telegram

A telegram (Greek tele: distant and gramma: letter) is a written message transmitted by using an electric device. The message was carried along wires, and the text written or printed and delivered by hand or teleprinter. 

Telegrams were very widely used, because private telephones were not usual. Nowadays they are not useful because most people have private telephones and the use of e-mail. The idea was developed by the British Post Office as a service for urgent letters.

Related pages 
Telegraphy

Other websites 

Postal service
Mladé Bříště

Mladé Bříště is a village in the Pelhřimov District, Vysočina Region of the Czech Republic. About 245 people live there. It covers 5.33 km². It was first documented in 1226.

Villages in the Czech Republic
Beluga whale

The beluga whale (Delphinapterus leucas) is a small, toothed whale that is white as an adult. They are found in coastal areas of the Arctic Ocean, and travel south when the sea ice forms.

Description 
The beluga's body is stout and has a small, blunt head with a small beak, tiny eyes and thick layers of blubber. On their head they have a round shape called the melon. This melon holds oil, and the whale is able to change its shape. Scientists believe that it has something to do with the whale's echolocation system. They have one blowhole. Beluga means white one in Russian. Its genus Delphinapterus, means "whale without fins", and the species, leucas, means "white". The beluga is also called the white whale, the white porpoise, the sea canary (because of its songs), and the squid hound (due to its diet). Unlike most other cetaceans, the beluga's seven neck vertebrae are not fused, giving it a flexible, well-defined neck.

A baby beluga whale, called a calf, is a grey or even brown color when it is born. It will gradually become white over the next five years as it becomes an adult. They grow up to  in length and weigh up to . They live for between 35 and 50 years of age. A female beluga whale will have one calf every 3 or 4 years. These are born near the coast, often near the entrance to large rivers.  The calfs are fed on milk which is 30% fat.

The beluga whales live in groups, called pods of anywhere from only three whales to large groups of more than 200. they can dive down to depths of  and stay underwater for as long as 25 minutes. Polar bears and killer whales are known to hunt beluga whales.

Diet and teeth 
Belugas are toothed whales with 34 teeth. The teeth are not designed for chewing, but for grabbing and tearing prey. They swallow their prey whole. They are opportunistic feeders, eating a varied diet of fish, squid, crustaceans, octopi, and worms. They are both benthic (bottom) and pelagic (oceanic) feeders (in shallow water). Belugas sometimes hunt schools of fish cooperatively in small groups.

References 

Toothed whales
Beluga

Beluga may mean:

Beluga whale, a type of whale
Beluga sturgeon, the fish whose roe is sold as Beluga caviar
Airbus Beluga, an airplane
Beluga class submarine, Russian submarine class
Beluga, Alaska, a community in the United States
All-Star Cheer Squad

All-Star Cheer Squad is a rhythm video game by Gorilla Systems Corp. It is made for Wii and Nintendo DS. It is one of several Wii games to use the Wii Balance Board. It is about cheerleading.

The game is THQ's "first original property created specifically for girls".

Overview
The game follows a year in the life of a cheerleader.  The cheerleader learns new cheers, participates in practices and creates her own routines.  She joins the squad and eventually becomes captain.

The Wii Remote and Nunchuk, along with the Balance Board can be used to perform cheer and dance moves. Cheerleading choreographer Tony G of Bring It On fame acted as chief consultant to the game.

Sequel
All Star Cheer Squad 2 is a sequel to All Star Cheer Squad. It was released October 27, 2009.

Players start out as the captain of the Tiger Squad.  The game has an all-new move set that includes real-world aerial stunts, tumbling, formation changes and advanced moves on the Wii Balance Board. Moves can be executed by using two Wii Remotes.

References

Music video games
2008 video games
2009 video games
Nintendo DS games
Wii games
THQ games
Crank That (Soulja Boy)

Crank That (Soulja Boy) is a song by Soulja Boy (also known as Soulja Boy Tell 'em ). The song has reached number one (meaning it is the most popular song in the country) in the United States  and has entered the top 10 (meaning it is popular, but not popular enough to get to number 1) in Australia, Canada, New Zealand and the United Kingdom.

References 

2007 songs
ARIA Charts

The ARIA Charts are the charts that measure how popular music is in Australia. The charts are created by the Australian Recording Industry Association.

Other websites 
 ARIA Charts

Record charts
Australian music
Golden Rooster Awards

The Golden Rooster Awards (; pinyin: Jīn Jī Jiăng) are movie awards given in mainland China.  They are similar to the Academy Awards.  It is called the Golden Rooster Awards because it was the Year of the Rooster in 1981. 

The people who get the award receive a statuette in the shape of a golden Rooster. They are picked by a group of movie makers, movie experts, and movie historians. The awards are given by the China Film Association.

At first the movie festival had two events - the Golden Rooster festival and the Hundred Flowers Awards. The two festivals were combined in 1992. Now the Golden Rooster is awarded on odd years and the Hundred Flowers is awarded on even years.

References

Other websites
 IMDB Summary for the Golden Rooster Awards 
 List of winners

Movie awards
Chinese movies
1981 establishments in Asia
1980s establishments in China
David (name)

There are many people with a name David:
David Alfaro Siqueiros
David Ben-Gurion
David Boreanaz	
David Bowie	
David C. Jewitt
David Cameron
David X. Cohen	
David Crosby	
David Davis
David Gallagher	
David Greenwalt
David Hilbert	
David Honeyboy Edwards
David Hume
David II of Scotland	
David I of Scotland	
David John Moore Cornwell
David Letterman
David Livingstone	
David Lloyd George	
David Miliband	
David Mundell	
David Niven
David Odonkor	
David Ogden Stiers	
David Ortiz
David Rawlings	
David Schwimmer	
David Selby
David Silverman	
David Souter	
David Tennant
David Willetts
David Woodard

Actors
David Duchovny
David Lynch

Sports

David Beckham		
David James (footballer)

Given names
Viva la Vida

"Viva la Vida" is a song by the English band Coldplay from their album, Viva la Vida or Death and All His Friends. The album was released on 7 May 2008.  It was the band's first number one single in both the United Kingdom and the United States.

Coldplay sung the song on The Simpsons episode, "Million Dollar Maybe".

References

2008 songs
Coldplay songs
The Curse of Curves

"The Curse of Curves" is a song by Cute Is What We Aim For. It is on their album The Same Old Blood Rush With a New Touch.

2007 songs
Klaxons

Klaxons are an English dance/punk band, based in London. Their name comes from the word klaxon which is a type of alarm.

Discography

Albums 
 Myths of the near future - 29 January 2007
 Surfing the Void - 31 August 2010

References

English rock bands
English punk bands
Musical groups from London
Musical groups established in 2005
2005 establishments in England
Ecumenical Patriarch

The Ecumenical Patriarch is the Patriarch of Constantinople. Today, Constantinople is called Istanbul. He is regarded to be the leader of the Eastern Orthodox Church. He has been generally known as the Greek Patriarch of Constantinople. There is also an Armenian Patriarch of Constantinople (which is different). The older of the office is the Archbishop of Constantinople. The office should also not be taken for the Latin Patriarch of Constantinople, which no longer exists.

The current Ecumenical Patriarch is Bartholomew I

Orthodox Churches are autocephalous. This means there is a Patriarch for each Church, and there is usually one Church per country. For this reason, the Ecumenical patriarch is primus inter pares (First among equals).

Other websites
 Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople
 OrthodoxWiki
 Orthodox Research Institute
 The Orthodox Tradition 
 Orthodox Tradition and the Liturgy 
 Eastern Orthodox Christianity 
 Directory of Orthodox Internet Resources
 Orthodox Library: History, Doctrine, Practices, Saints 
 Background information on the Orthodox Church 
 Orthodox Life Info Portal: catalog of resources 
 http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/byzantium/texts/byzpatcp.html
 http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2004/35489.htm
 Lowenstein International Human Rights Center (Yale Law School) on Rights problems at the Patriarchate
 Fuseaction=ContentRecords.ViewDetail&ContentRecord_id=98&Region_id=0&Issue_id=0&ContentType=G&CFID=3285732&CFTOKEN=56116027 United States Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe report on the Patriarchate 
 WorldStatesmen- Religious Organisations
 Catholic Encyclopedia on John Faster and Ecumenical Patriarch
 Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of Australia 
 PATRIARCHIA.RU

Eastern Orthodox Church
Assyrian Church of the East

The Assyrian Church of the East also called Holy Apostolic Catholic Assyrian Church of the East is a Christian church.  It is one of the earliest churches to separate from the larger Church. It traces its origins to the See of Seleucia-Ctesiphon, started by Saint Thomas the Apostle as well as Saint Mari and Addai as shown in the Doctrine of Addai. This church is sometimes known as the "Nestorian Church", the "Syrian Church" or the "Persian Church." The church is currently headed by Mar Dinkha IV. 

Other names have been given as well, but they are not accurate. One of these names is Assyrian Orthodox Church, which has led some people to believe that it is part of the Oriental Orthodox community. The church itself does not use the word "Orthodox" in any of its service books or in any of its official correspondence, nor does it use any word which can be translated as "correct faith" or "correct doctrine", the rough translation of the word Orthodox. In India, it is known as the Chaldean Syrian Church. In the West it is often known as the Nestorian Church. The Church itself believes that the term 'Nestorian Church' is chosen badly. 

The Assyrian Church is the original Christian church in what was once Parthia; eastern Iraq and Iran. Geographically its influence stretched to China and India in the Middle Ages: a monument found in Xi'an (Hsi-an), the Tang-period capital of China (originally Chang'an), in Chinese and Syriac described the activities of the church in the 7th and 8th century, while half a millennium later a Chinese monk went from Beijing to Paris and Rome to call for an alliance with the Mongols against the Mamelukes.  Before the Portuguese arrival in India in 1498, it provided "East Syrian" bishops to the Saint Thomas Christians.  Patriarch Timothy I (727–823) wrote of the large Christian community in Tibet.

The creators of Assyrian theology are Diodorus of Tarsus and Theodore of Mopsuestia. Both taught at Antioch. The normative Christology of the Assyrian church was written by Babai the Great (551–628) and is clearly different from the accusations of dualism directed toward Nestorius: his main christological work is called the 'Book of the Union', and in it Babai teaches that the two qnome (essences) are unmingled but everlastingly united in the one parsopa (personality) of Christ.

References

Other websites 

Assyrian Church of the East - St. Paul's Parish (Orange County, CA)

Eastern Christian denominations
Main Page/Introduction

<center>
{| style="border:1px black solid;"
|This page is a part of the Main Page and should stay protected at all times
|}Main PageThis is the front page of the Simple English Wikipedia. Wikipedias are places where people work together to write encyclopedias in different languages. We use Simple English words and grammar here. The Simple English Wikipedia is for everyone! That includes children and adults who are learning English.

There are  articles on the Simple English Wikipedia. All of the pages are free to use. They have all been published under both the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License 3.0 and the GNU Free Documentation License. You can help here! You may change these pages and make new pages. Read the help pages and other good pages to learn how to write pages here. If you need help, you may ask questions at Simple talk.
Chaldean Catholic Church

The Chaldean Catholic Church or the Chaldean Church of Babylon (, ) is an Eastern particular church of the Catholic Church, maintaining full communion with the Bishop of Rome and the rest of the Catholic Church. The Chaldean Catholic Church presently has an estimated 600,000 - 700,000 Chaldean Christians.

References

Other websites

Official website for Chaldean Patriarchate of Babylon in Iraq 
Official website of Chaldean Diocese in Canada 
Official website of Chaldean in United States of America - Detroit
Chaldean Catholic Church  - from the website of the Catholic Near East Welfare Association.
 Chaldean Catholic Diocese of Saint Peter 
 Catholic Churches  (In German)
East Syrian Rite (Catholic Encyclopedia)
History of the Chaldean Church 

Eastern Catholicism
Chaldean Christians

Chaldean Christians (, Keldayee; ) are adherents of the Chaldean Catholic Church. Chaldeans are the largest Christian community in Iraq, estimated at between 400,000–600,000. Chaldeans have generally been well integrated into Iraqi society. They have not actively sought establishment of a separate state. Many of their members are businessmen and technocrats, and a few have held high government positions. Chaldeans have always been an important part of Iraqi society. In addition to Iraq, migrant Chaldean communities are found in the United States, Turkey, Syria, Iran, and Lebanon.

References

ar:حضارة كلدانية
Status asthmaticus

Status astmathicus is a severe form of asthma bronchiale that does not respond to the usual treatments.

Related pages
 Asthma

Autoimmune diseases
Pulmonology
Milwaukee Bucks

The Milwaukee Bucks are an American professional basketball team in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. They play in the National Basketball Association. The current franchise owner is a group led by hedge fund managers Wesley Edens and Marc Lasry. They play their home games at the Fiserv Forum, which replaces their home of the last 30 seasons, BMO Harris Bradley Center, for 2018–19 and beyond. They won two NBA championships in 1971 and 2021.

References

Other websites

Milwaukee Bucks Statistics 
Milwaukee Bucks History

National Basketball Association teams
Sports in Milwaukee, Wisconsin
1968 establishments in the United States
1960s establishments in Wisconsin
Pidgin (software)

Pidgin (also known as Gaim) is a instant messaging client that can work on Linux, Mac OS X and Windows. The software can use most instant messaging protocols, which will let the user log into different instant messaging services from one program.

The number of Pidgin users is thought to be more than 3 million in 2007.
Released under the terms of the GNU General Public License, Pidgin is free software.

Supported protocols 

.NET Messenger Service
OSCAR (AIM/ICQ/.Mac)
XMPP (Jabber, Google Talk)
Gadu-Gadu
Internet Relay Chat
MySpaceIM
Novell GroupWise
SILC
Yahoo! Instant Messenger
Zephyr
Lotus Sametime
Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) (only chat at present)
Bonjour (Apple's implementation of Zeroconf)

History 

The program was made in or before 1999 by Mark Spencer, an Auburn University sophomore. It was made to give the features of AOL Instant Messenger for Linux.

Naming dispute 
The original name was GAIM, which stood for GTK+ AOL Instant Messenger. After pressure from AOL, the program was renamed to gaim.

However, on April 6 2007, the project development team announced the results of their talks with AOL. This included some name changes: gaim became Pidgin, libgaim became libpurple, and gaim-text became finch.

Due to the legal problems, version 2.0 of the software was stuck in beta stages. Following the talks, it was said that the first official release of Pidgin 2.0.0 was hoped to happen during the two weeks from April 8, 2007.  However, Pidgin 2.0 did not release on time, but on April 22, 2007.

Pidgin 2.0.0 was released on May 3, 2007. This was the first version to be called Pidgin. It also contained a completely new graphics design.

References

Other websites 

Pidgin website, with "Planet Pidgin"  (developer blog)
Pidgin project on SourceForge
#pidgin on freenode

Linux
Software
Instant messaging software
San Diego Padres

The San Diego Padres are a Major League Baseball team in San Diego, California. The Padres play their home games in a stadium called Petco Park. They have won the National League Pennant twice, in 1984 and 1998. They lost the World Series both times.

Team name
The word "padre" means "father" in Spanish, and is also something that Roman Catholics often call priests. The Padres baseball team is named after the "priest" meaning. There had once been a minor league baseball team called the San Diego Padres. The major league team was named for the old team.

References
Drew Carey

Drew Allison Carey (born May 23, 1958) is an American actor, comedian and game show host. He gained fame when staring at his own sitcom, The Drew Carey Show. He is the current host of the game show The Price is Right. He is an owner of Seattle Sounders FC, a professional soccer team.

References

Other websites

 
 Drew Carey's blog
 

1958 births
Actors from Cleveland, Ohio
American game show hosts
American television actors
Comedians from Cleveland, Ohio
Living people
WWE Hall of Fame
Genesis (disambiguation)

Genesis could mean:

Gaming
 Sega Genesis, a gaming console
 X-COM: Genesis, a computer game

Transportation

Vehicles
 Bertone Genesis, a concept car
 GE Genesis, a locomotive
 Genesis class, a class of Royal Caribbean cruise ships
 Hyundai Genesis and Hyundai Genesis Coupe

Spacecraft
 Genesis (spacecraft), a NASA probe that collected solar wind samples
 Genesis I, a private spacecraft produced by Bigelow Aerospace
 Genesis II, the twin spacecraft to Genesis I

Music
 Genesis (band), an English band
 Genesis (album)
 Genesis (Busta Rhymes album)
 Genesis (Colombian rock band)
 Genesis (Job for a Cowboy album)
 Genesis (Rotting Christ album)
 Genesis (Talisman album)
 Genesis (The Gods album)
 The Genesis, a 2002 album by Yngwie J. Malmsteen
 Genesis, a 2000 album by Coprofago

Literature
 Book of Genesis, the first book of Jewish and Christian Bibles
 Genesis (DC Comics), a major 1997 crossover of DC Comics
 Genesis (comics), a Marvel Comics villain
 Genesis (Final Fantasy), a character in Final Fantasy VII
 GENESIS (science fiction), a fictional laser in the Gundam metaseries
 Genesis Planet, a fictional planet in the Star Trek universe
 Genesis, a fictional comics character who possesses Jesse Custer
 Genesis, a novel by Paul Chafe
 "Genesis" (story), a 1951 story by H. Beam Piper
 "Genesis", a 1995 story by Poul Anderson
 Genesis (novel), a 2000 expansion by Anderson of the 1995 story

Television
 "Genesis" (Heroes), the pilot episode of Heroes
 "Genesis" (Quantum Leap episode)
 "Genesis" (Sliders), an episode of Sliders
 "Gensis" (Survivors), an episode of Survivors
 "Genesis" (TNG episode), an episode of Star Trek: The Next Generation
 Genesis Awards, some television awards
 Genesis Entertainment, a News Corporation subsidiary
 Genesis Television Network, an American religious network
 TNA Genesis, a professional wrestling pay-per-view program
 Zoids: Genesis, the fifth anime installment of the Zoids franchise
 Genesis (Air Gear), a fictional Air Trek team in Air Gear

Film
 Genesis (film), a 2004 documentary film
 Genesis (1986 film) a Hindi film by Mrinal Sen

Software
 GENESIS (software), GEneral NEural SImulation System
 Genesis3D, a software library
 Genesis LPMud, the original LPMud
 !Genesis multimedia application creator by Oak Solutions.

Other
 -genesis, a suffix that denotes creation
 Genesis (magazine), a pornographic magazine
 Genesis (Panavision), a high-definition camera by Panavision
 Genesis Rock, a sample of lunar crust retrieved by Apollo 15 astronauts
 Genesis Energy, a solar company

Related pages
 Project Genesis (disambiguation)
 Genesis II (film), a 1973 science fiction TV movie created and produced by Gene Roddenberry
 "Yenesis", a song performed by Michalis Hadjiyiannis (Cyprus) in the Eurovision Song Contest 1998
 "genesis of next", a 2001 song by globe
Sacrilege

Sacrilege involves doing or saying something that goes against something sacred. This does not just apply to religious things, but any person, place, or thing which is considered too important to be criticised.

Related pages
Heresy
Profanity
Blasphemy
Taboo

Theology
Psychotherapy

Psychotherapy describes the way specially skilled people called psychotherapists help people who have problems and unhappiness in their lives or who want to improve the quality of their lives and relationships with others.

Psychotherapy means treatment of the mind. It aims to help the person feel better, be braver, happier and more in control of their lives. The main way they do this is by talking to the person who has the problems in a way that they begin to be able to understand themselves better. Some psychotherapists may work with a group of people such as a family who have problems and are unhappy.

Training 
Psychotherapists usually complete their training at the doctoral level through doctor of philosophy programs or medical school, although, some are trained at the master's level. Psychotherapists do not use surgery, or give drugs or electric shocks to the people they help. These methods are used by special medical doctors called psychiatrists, who may also sometimes give psychotherapy.

How it started 
Psychotherapy was started in the west in 1886 by Sigmund Freud, the first modern psychotherapist. Freud was a medical doctor who was trained in neurology. He became certain that hidden thoughts in the brain (which he called the Unconscious) could cause physical symptoms and strange behavior in some people. He believed that human behavior was not all caused by the brain, but by things that happened to people when they were babies and young children. His research of this theory -the idea he had- led him to create "talking therapy" , where he tried to figure out what could cause the mind to do things like this. Freud thought that his figuring things out and telling the patients what had caused the behavior would cure the patient. Unfortunately, it usually made no lasting changes. 

This is why modern psychologists have gradually figured out many other ways of helping their patients and modified their techniques through methods other than psychotherapy. Hans Eysenck has suggested psychotherapy is discredited.
Trousers

Trousers (or pants in Canada, South Africa and the United States), are a kind of clothing. They are worn on the lower part of the body, to cover both legs apart (instead of cloth stretching across both as in skirts and dresses).  

Historically, in the West, trousers have been the lower-body clothing item for men since the 16th century; by the late 20th century, they were used sometimes by women as well. Trousers are worn at the hips or waist, and may be held up by their own by a belt, or braces (suspenders).

Related pages 
 Breeches
 Jeans

Notes
Bibliography

Bibliography (Greek βίβλος = book γραφή = write) is the arrangement of printed books and articles according to author or subject, and the publication of lists of titles. Bibliographies are of many different kinds and may be annotated with information about their contents. Bibliographies may be organized in various ways, such as by authors, subjects or date of publication. Bibliographies without annotations are sometimes given the modest title of checklists.

Another meaning of Bibliography is the academic study of books as physical and cultural objects; in this sense, it is also known as bibliology. This kind of bibliography is not concerned with the written content of books, but rather the "bookness" of books-–how they were designed, edited, printed, circulated, reprinted and collected.

Other websites 
 Modern Language Association Citation style 

Book terminology
Literature
Epistle to the Philippians

The Epistle (or letter) to the Philippians is a short book in the New Testament. It is a letter to the church at Philippi in Macedonia from Saint Paul. It was written while Paul was in jail for telling people about Jesus.

Author

Most everyone thinks that Paul wrote what is in the book.  Some think it was a single lettter, but others think that it puts together three letters into one. The letter or letters were written in Greek in about 50 to 60 A.D.

Contents

In Chapters 1 and 2 of Philippians, Paul tells the Philippians that he is about to be tried in Rome. He says he is not afraid of death,. He tells the readers to be happy no matter what happens. He says that being in jail is helping to spread the Christian message, rather than stopping it.  He says that Epaphroditus is a hard worker and is a hero. The Philippian church had sent Epaphroditus to visit Paul and bring him gifts. Some time during his visit with Paul, Epaphroditus got sick. But he got better before being sent back to the Philippians.

In Chapter 3, Paul warns the Philippians about those Christians who insist that circumcision is necessary for salvation. Circumcision is the removal of skin from the male sex organ for religious reasons. It is practiced by Jews and Muslims.  He testifies that he once was a strong follower of this and other Jewish laws, but he now considers these things to be like trash compared to the gospel of Jesus. He says that being right with God comes from faith in Jesus and not by keeping religious laws.

In Chapter 4, Paul tells the Philippians to get along with each other. In the last part of the chapter, Paul thanks the Philippians for gifts they had sent him, and tells them that God will reward them for being kind to him.

Paul seems to feel happy in the letter and he is hopeful that he will get out of jail, and so he says he will send Timothy to the Philippians to help them, and thinks he will also pay them a visit.

Christ poem

Chapter 2 of the epistle contains a famous poem telling who Christ is and what he did to save us. Paul says we should follow this example of humble service.

Because of its style, scholars agree that this is an early Christian poem that was written by someone before Paul's writings, as early as the 40s AD. The Christ poem is important because it strongly suggests that there were very early Christians who understood Jesus to be a God like being who who chose to take on human form, rather than a human who was later raised to a divine status.

References 

New Testament books
Tom and Jerry: The Magic Ring

Tom and Jerry: The Magic Ring is a 2001/2002 comedy-fantasy animated direct-to-video movie that stars Tom and Jerry. It is the first direct-to-video and the second animated film of Tom and Jerry animated movie to only be released only on video and never in a movie theater. Also, it was the final cartoon and the last Tom and Jerry cartoon to be co-executive produced by both, William Hanna and Joseph Barbera, as Hanna died on March 22, 2001, a few days before the movie's release.

Other websites 

2002 animated movies
American animated movies
Warner Bros. movies
English-language movies
Tom and Jerry
Tom and Jerry movies
Julio Lugo

Julio Cesar Lugo (November 16, 1975 – November 15, 2021) was a Major League Baseball shortstop. He played for the Houston Astros, Tampa Bay Devil Rays, Los Angeles Dodgers, Boston Red Sox, St. Louis Cardinals, Baltimore Orioles, and Atlanta Braves. He batted and threw right-handed.  

He was born on November 16, 1975 in  Barahona, Dominican Republic. Lugo was also the older brother of baseball pitcher Ruddy Lugo. 

Lugo died of a heart attack in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic on November 15, 2021 one day before his 46th birthday.

References

Other websites 

1975 births
Atlanta Braves players
Baltimore Orioles players
Boston Red Sox players
Dominican Republic sportspeople
Houston Astros players
2021 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Los Angeles Dodgers players
Major League Baseball shortstops
St. Louis Cardinals players
Tampa Bay Devil Rays players
Requiem (Mozart)

The Requiem Mass in D minor K626 is a famous piece of music by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart which he composed in 1791.  This requiem (a 'requiem' is a mass (church service) to remember people who have died), was Mozart's last composition. He wrote it as he lay dying himself.  It seems that he did not manage to finish it before he died, and that it was finished by another musician called Franz Xaver Süssmayr.  We do not know exactly how much of the music is by Mozart, and how much Süssmayr had to add.  There have been lots of stories and ideas about how the Requiem was composed, and it is still a problem that is often discussed by musicians.

Compositions by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
Masses (music)
Maria Theresia

Maria Theresia may mean:

 Archduchess Maria Theresia of Austria (1684-1696), daughter of Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor and Eleonore-Magdalena of Pfalz-Neuburg
 Empress Maria Theresia of Austria (1717-1780), Holy Roman Empress
 Archduchess Maria Theresia of Austria (1762-1770), daughter of Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor and Isabella Maria of Parma
Archduchess Maria Theresia of Austria-Este (1773-1832), Queen of Piedmont-Sardinia
 Maria Theresia of Austria-Este (1849-1919), last Queen of Bavaria
 Maria Theresia of Tuscany (1767-1827), German queen consort
Indre River

The Indre is a river in central France, left tributary to the Loire River. The Indre and Indre-et-Loire departments are named after this river.

Geography
The Indre river has a length of  and a drainage basin with an area of  of which 18.29% are forests and 77.86% are used for farming.

Its average yearly discharge (volume of water which passes through a section of the river per unit of time) is  at Lignières-de-Touraine, Indre-et-Loire.

Average monthly discharge (m3/s) at Lignières-de-Touraine

Course
The Indre starts in the Monts de Saint-Marien, southwestern Massif Central, in the commune of Saint-Priest-la-Marche, in the south of the Cher department near the border with the Creuse department, at an altitude of about .

The Indre flows to the northwest, and passes through the Indre and Indre-et-Loire departments, in the Centre-Val de Loire region, and a total of 58 communes, most of them in the Indre department; the main communes are:

 Centre-Val de Loire region
 Cher: Saint-Priest-la-Marche
 Indre: Sainte-Sévère-sur-Indre, La Châtre, Ardentes, Châteauroux, Villedieu-sur-Indre, Buzançais, Saint-Genou, Châtillon-sur-Indre
 Indre-et-Loire: Loches, Montbazon, Azay-le-Rideau

Finally, it flows into the Loire River in Avoine, in the Indre-et-Loire department.

Main tributaries
The main tributaries of the Indre river are:

Left tributaries:
 Vauvre - 38.8 km

Right tributaries:
 Igneraie - 37.4 km
 Indrois - 59.5 km

Gallery

Related pages
 List of rivers of France

References 

Rivers of France
Centre-Val de Loire
Pontus (mythology)

In Greek mythology, Pontus or Pontos (, Póntos - "Sea") was one of the primordial deities, the personification of the sea. He was a son of Gaia (the Earth), by whom he is the father of Nereus and Phorcys. He was also the consort of the goddess Thalassa. 

Greek gods and goddesses
Greek mythology
Pontus (region)

Pontus () is a historical region on the southern coast of the Black Sea. Today it is part of Turkey.

Related pages
Pontic Greeks
Amazons (mythological women warriors)

Ancient Greece
Places of Ancient Rome
Goran Ivanišević

Goran Ivanišević is a retired professional tennis player from Croatia. He is most famous for winning Wimbledon in 2001.

1971 births
Croatian sportspeople
Living people
Male tennis players
Medalists at the 1992 Summer Olympics
Wimbledon champions
Pete Sampras

Pete Sampras (born August 12, 1971) is an American retired professional tennis player. He has won the Wimbledon Championships seven times and has won 14 Grand Slams overall, which was a record until Roger Federer broke it in 2009. He is said to be one of the greatest tennis players of all time.

Personal and family life
Sampras' mother is an immigrant from Greece; his father is an American whose father was Greek and mother was Jewish. Sampras' older sister, Stella, is the women's tennis head coach at UCLA. His younger sister, Marion, is a teacher in Los Angeles. His older brother, Gus, has been tournament director at the Scottsdale ATP event, but from 2007 he became president of the firm managing Pete's business activities.

In the late 1990s, he dated actress Kimberly Williams-Paisley.

On September 30, 2000, Sampras married American actress and former Miss Teen USA, Bridgette Wilson. On November 21, 2002, their son, Christian Charles, was born. On July 29, 2005, the couple welcomed their second son, Ryan Nikolaos. They live in Lake Sherwood, California.

Professional Awards
 ATP Player of the Year: 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998.
 ITF World Champion: 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998.

References

1971 births
American Jews
American male tennis players
Australian Open champions
Living people
Sportspeople from Washington, D.C.
US Open (tennis) champions
Wimbledon champions
World No. 1 tennis players