cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
7aum Arivu

7aum Arivu (pronunciation: Ēḻām aṟivu) (English: Seventh Sense) is a 2011 Indian science fiction-martial arts film written and directed by AR Murugadoss, featuring Suriya and Shruti Haasan in the lead roles and Johnny Tri Nguyen as the main antagonist. The film, produced by Udhayanidhi Stalin began production in May 2010 and was released on 25 October 2011 in Chennai and a day later, on Diwali, worldwide. The visual effects for the film were done by US based Legacy effects, making this their second Indian film after Enthiran.
7aum Arivu received mixed critical response upon release, and opened strongly at the box office. It was also dubbed into Telugu as 7th Sense which released simultaneously along with the Tamil original. The film was also dubbed in Hindi as Chennai v/s China in 2014 as well as in Malayalam with the original title. The film was also one out of several films selected by the South Indian Film Chamber of Commerce for being the Indian submission for Oscar under the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film.

Cast
 Suriya as Bodhidharma and Aravind
 Shruti Haasan as Subha Srinivasan (Sudha in Hindi dubbed version)
 Johnny Tri Nguyen as Dong Lee
 Guinness Pakru as Aravind's friend
 Ashwin Kakumanu as Ashwin
 Saahil Chitkara as Imran Saahil
 Dhanya Balakrishna as Malathi
 Misha Ghoshal as Nisha
 Ilavarasu as Aravind's uncle
 Abhinaya as Bodhidharma's wife
 Urmila Unni as Queen
 Mousumi Saha as Srinivasan's Mother
 Avinash
 Azhagam Perumal in a guest appearance

Box office
7aum Arivu had a strong opening on 25 October, a day prior to Diwali. The film had a huge six-day opening weekend worldwide. In Chennai alone, the film grossed 90 million in its lifetime. Indian film trades considered 7aum Arivu a commercial success, despite a high budget and distribution price.

References

2011 movies
Tamil-language movies
Indian movies
Action movies
Tuzla (Turchia)

Tuzla is a district and a municipality of Istanbul. The racing circuit, Istanbul Park, is in Tuzla.

Notes

Other projects 

Districts in Istanbul
Nomogram

A nomogram, alignment chart or abaque is a graph for calculation. It is a two-dimensional diagram which gives a computation of a mathematical function. 

The field of nomography was invented in 1884 by the French engineer Philbert Maurice d’Ocagne (18621938). It was used for many years to provide engineers with fast graphical calculations of complicated formulas. Nomograms use a parallel coordinate system invented by d'Ocagne rather than standard Cartesian coordinates.

A nomogram consists of a set of n scales, one for each variable in an equation. Knowing the values of n-1 variables, the value of the unknown variable can be found, or by fixing the values of some variables, the relationship between the unfixed ones can be studied. 

The result is got by laying a straightedge across the known values on the scales and reading the unknown value from where it crosses the scale for that variable. The virtual or drawn line created by the straightedge is called an index line or isopleth.

Use 
Nomograms were widely used for about 75 years. They allowed quick and accurate computations before the age of pocket calculators. Results from a nomogram are got quickly and reliably by drawing one or more lines. The user does not have to know how to solve algebraic equations, look up data in tables, use a slide rule, or substitute numbers into equations to obtain results. The user does not even need to know the underlying equation the nomogram represents. 

Nomograms have domain knowledge into their design. For example, to create larger nomograms for greater accuracy the nomographer usually includes only scale ranges that are reasonable and of interest to the problem. Many nomograms include other useful markings such as reference labels and colored regions. All of these provide useful guideposts to the user. 

Like a slide rule, a nomogram is a graphical analog computation device. Like the slide rule, its accuracy is limited by the precision with which physical markings can be drawn, reproduced, viewed, and aligned.A slide rule is a general-purpose calculator, but a nomogram is designed to perform a specific calculation. Nomograms can still be used to check an answer from another, more exact but possibly error-prone calculation.

References 

Engineering
Mathematical tools
Iðavöllr

In Norse mythology, Iðavöllr (Old Norse: Iðavǫllr — “splendour-plain”) is a location mentioned in the Völuspá (the first poem of the Poetic Edda); it is a field which lies somewhere in Asgard, home of the Æsir, and it is where the survivors of Ragnarök shall meet.

Norse mythology
Lancaster County, Nebraska

Lancaster County is a county in the U.S. state of Nebraska. As of the 2010 census, the population was 285,407, making it the second-most populous county in Nebraska. Its county seat is Lincoln, the state capital. The county was created in 1859.

Lancaster County is part of the Lincoln, NE Metropolitan Statistical Area.

References 

Nebraska counties
1850s establishments in Nebraska Territory
1859 establishments in the United States
Lincoln County, Nebraska

Lincoln County is a county in the U.S. state of Nebraska. As of the 2010 census, 36,288 people lived there. The county seat is North Platte.

References 

Nebraska counties
1860s establishments in Nebraska Territory
1866 establishments in the United States
Logan County, Nebraska

Logan County is a county in the U.S. state of Nebraska. As of the 2010 census, 763 people lived there. The county seat is Stapleton. It was founded in 1885.

1885 establishments in Nebraska
Nebraska counties
Loup County, Nebraska

Loup County is a county in the U.S. state of Nebraska. As of the 2010 census, 632 people lived there. The county seat is Taylor. It was founded in 1883.

1883 establishments in Nebraska
Nebraska counties
Madison County, Nebraska

Madison County is a county in the U.S. state of Nebraska. As of the 2010 census, 34,876 people lived there. The county seat is Madison. It was founded in 1867.

1867 establishments in Nebraska
Nebraska counties
McPherson County, Nebraska

McPherson County is a county in the U.S. state of Nebraska. As of the 2010 census, 539 people lived there. The county seat is Tryon. It was founded in 1890.

19th-century establishments in Nebraska
1890 establishments in the United States
Nebraska counties
Merrick County, Nebraska

Merrick County is a county in the U.S. state of Nebraska. As of the 2010 census, 7,845 people lived there. The county seat is Central City. It was founded in 1858.

1850s establishments in Nebraska Territory
1858 establishments in the United States
Nebraska counties
A Star Is Born (2018 movie)

A Star Is Born is a 2018 musical drama movie.  It was directed by Bradley Cooper, who co-wrote the screenplay. It stars Cooper as country star Jackson Maine. Lady Gaga plays upcoming singer-songwriter Ally.  The movie deals with themes of love, addiction, and suicide. It is the fourth version of the movie.  It grossed $433 million worldwide against a budget of $36 million.

Cooper and Gaga received cats and dogs for herself  for the movie.  It holds a "fresh" rating on the review site, Rotten Tomatoes, with a score of 90%.

The soundtrack entered at number one on the Billboard 200 album chart, making Gaga the first female artist to earn five number-one albums in the 2010s decade.

The movie received many awards, including a Best Original Song Golden Globe Award and Academy Award ("Oscar") in the same category for the single "Shallow".  At the 2019 MTV Movie & TV Awards, Gaga also won Best Performance in a Movie for her role.

References

2018 drama movies
2010s musical movies
2010s romantic drama movies
American musical movies
American romantic drama movies
Warner Bros. movies
Aristeia

Aristeia describes a hero's moment of greatest glory, the moment when a hero kills the most people. It is a Greek word and comes from aristos which means "the best". It is used many times in Homer's epic poem. the Iliad. Several heroes in the Illiad had moments of aristeia. These include Agamemnon, Diomedes, and Hector.

In Athens, Sparta,  and other city-states of Ancient Greece, the aristeia was a prize awarded to soldiers who had been very brave in battle.

Lucan, a Roman poet who lived from 39 to 65 AD, wrote about moments of aristeia in his epic poem called Bellum Civile. His poem was about the war between Julius Caesar and Pompey. Virgil also used aristeia in his epic poem, the Aeneid.

References

Further reading
Sammons, Benjamin (2017). Chapter 5 "Aristeia" in Device and Composition in the Greek Epic Cycle, pp. 157-176. Oxford University Press.  

Ancient Greece
Xenia (Greek)

Xenia is the Ancient Greek concept of hospitality. Xenia means "guest-friendship". It is a bond between the guest and the host. It is marked by gifts from the guest and shelter from the host. It plays an important part in Homer's epic poem the Odyssey.

References

Ancient Greece
Ekphrasis

Ekphrasis is figure of speech. It is a detailed description of a work of visual art. The  work can be real or imaginary. Sometimes the language used in the ekphrasis is considered as art in itself. Homer's detailed description of the shield carried by the hero Achilles in his  epic poem the Iliad is a very early example of the use of ekphrasis in literature. The Shield of Achilles, a poem written by W. H. Auden in 1952, describes Auden's reaction to Homer's of ekphrasis.

References

Figures of speech
Starr report

The Starr Report was a document which urged the impeachment of United States President Bill Clinton by Independent Counsel Kenneth Starr and released on September 11, 1998.

Bill Clinton
1998 works
Documents
Nostos

Nostos (Ancient Greek: ) is an epic whose subject matter is designated to be a story about the homecoming or return of a soldier is called a Nostos. The most famous example of one is Homer's The Odyssey which tells the story of Odysseus attempting to return back to his home in Ithaca.

References

Classical Greek literature
Greek mythology
Apologoi

An apologoi is a Greek term which means a story inside a story. It comes from the word apologos which means "story". A famous example of an apologoi is in books 9 to 12  of Homer's epic poem, the Odyssey. In that apologoi Odysseus tells the Phaeacians the story of his  travels from Troy to Calypso's island Ogygia.

References

Classical Greek literature
Homophrosyne

Homophrosyne is an Ancient Greek term which means two people feeling or thinking alike. It is used in Homer's epic poem, the Odyssey to describe the marriage of Odysseus and Penelope.

References

Classical Greek literature
Dinajpur Zilla School

Dinajpur Zilla School is a public high school in Dinajpur District, Bangladesh. Established in 1854, this school is consistently doing well in different public examinations and considered one of the best schools of the region.

History
Dinajpur Zila School was established in 1854 in the Pratap House by the Raja Tarakanath. It 1856 the government nationalised the school and converted it into the Zila (district) school. Despite the nationalisation, the school was still financially supported by the Raja and other local influentials in the 19th century. It has one of best graduation rates in Bangladesh. The current school building was built in the 20th century and upgraded in the 21st century. The main office and library is in a building that was a revenue office built in the 18th century by Raja Baiyanath. The student hostel was built in 1910.The hostel is still at Zilla School. The library building is now being painted again and the floors are being replaced

Admission 

The Admission for the school mainly starts from class three. The school gives one year for preparation of the examination. As an example, in 2017, those students who read in class two, take preparation for the admission exam which is held usually in the last week of December. After the exam 240 students are chosen from thousands of examinees. They read in class three in the next year.

Notable Alumni 
 General Shafiul Hauqe, Chief of Army Staff of Bangladesh Army
 Moinuddin Ahmed Chowdhury, a politician, social reformer and member of the Ghugudanga Zemindar family
 Narayan Gangopadhyay, the famous Bengali writer and Professor of University of Calcutta
 Rampran Gupta, Historian, Author and leader of Brahmo Samaj.

References

Establishments in Bangladesh
1850s establishments in Asia
1854 establishments
Schools in Bangladesh
Morrill County, Nebraska

Morrill County is a county in the U.S. state of Nebraska. As of the 2010 census, 5,042 people lived there. The county seat is Bridgeport. It was founded in 1908.

20th-century establishments in Nebraska
1908 establishments in the United States
Nebraska counties
Nance County, Nebraska

Nance County is a county in the U.S. state of Nebraska. As of the 2010 census, 3,735 people lived there. The county seat is Fullerton. It was founded in 1879.

1870s establishments in Nebraska
1879 establishments in the United States
Nebraska counties
Nemaha County, Nebraska

Nemaha County is a county in the U.S. state of Nebraska. As of the 2010 census, 7,248 people lived there. The county seat is Auburn. It was founded in 1855.

1855 establishments in Nebraska Territory
Nebraska counties
Nuckolls County, Nebraska

Nuckolls County is a county in the U.S. state of Nebraska. As of the 2010 census, 4,500 people lived there. The county seat is Nelson. It was founded in 1860.

1860 establishments in Nebraska Territory
Nebraska counties
Otoe County, Nebraska

Otoe County is a county in the U.S. state of Nebraska. As of the 2010 census, 15,740 people lived there. The county seat is Nebraska City. It was founded in 1854.

1854 establishments in Nebraska Territory
Nebraska counties
Pawnee County, Nebraska

Pawnee County is a county in the U.S. state of Nebraska. As of the 2010 census, 2,773 people lived there. The county seat is Pawnee City. It was founded in 1854.

1854 establishments in Nebraska Territory
Nebraska counties
Albion, Nebraska

Albion is a city in and the county seat of Boone County, Nebraska, United States. The population was 1,650 at the 2010 census.

References 

Cities in Nebraska
County seats in Nebraska
New Salem, Illinois

New Salem is a village of Illinois in the United States.

History 
New Salem started out as a tiny village in Illinois. In 1830, Abraham Lincoln, still 30 years short of becoming the President of America, accidentally caught his boss's boat on the Rutledge Mill in New Salem. 2 years later, he moved to New Salem, and it would be his home for some of his life. It was here that he would court young Ann Rutledge, who would later die in the same place. After Abe Lincoln moved to Springfield, people began leaving the village. They also used to take their homes with them. From 22 houses in 1836, to 2 houses in 1865, the year of Lincoln's assassination. The village was later rebuilt. Many biographers of Lincoln, like William Herndon and Jesse Weik, have gone there to search out the remaining "ghosts" of Lincoln.

References

Villages in Illinois
Pran Nevile

Pran Nevile (October 22, 1922 – October 11, 2018) was an Indian author. His works focused on Indian Art, Indian Culture and Indian History. He was best known for the 1992 book, Lahore - A Sentimental Journey. He was an authority on pre-1947 Lahore and Nautch. Nevile was born in Lahore.

Nevile died on October 11, 2018 in New Delhi at the age of 95.

References

Other websites
 Official website

1922 births
2018 deaths
Indian writers
Iberia Airlines Flight 610

Iberia Airlines Flight 610 was a flight from Madrid to Bilbao, Spain on 19 February 1985. The Boeing 727-200 crashed near Bilbao due to pilot error. All 148 people on board died.

References 
 

Coordinates on Wikidata
Aviation disasters in the 1980s
Aviation disasters in Europe
1985 in Europe
1980s in Spain
Fabien Eboussi Boulaga

Fabien Eboussi Boulaga (17 January 1934 – 13 October 2018) was a Cameroonian philosopher. He was born in Bafia, Cameroon. He was ordained as a priest in 1969, and became an official member of the Society of Jesus in 1973. He became known for his book Bantou problématique (1968). Boulaga was a professor at the University of Yaoundé.

Boulaga died on 13 October 2018 at the age of 84.

References

1934 births
2018 deaths
Cameroonian people
Educators
Philosophers
Patricia Hollis, Baroness Hollis of Heigham

Patricia Lesley Hollis, Baroness Hollis of Heigham PC, DL (née Wells; 24 May 1941 − 13 October 2018) was a Labour member of the House of Lords of the United Kingdom. She was born in Cambridge.

Hollis was active in the civil rights movement, picketing segregated restaurants and helping hold voter registration drives in Mississippi.

She was a lecturer in modern history, reader and Dean at the University of East Anglia in Norwich from 1967 until 1990. She served as a National Commissioner for English Heritage from 1988 until 1991.

Hollis was Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State at the Department for Work and Pensions (previously Department of Social Security) from 5 May 1997 to the 2005.

Hollis died in October 2018, aged 77, following a long illness.

References

1941 births
2018 deaths
People from Cambridge
Nikolai Pankin

Nikolai Ivanovich Pankin (; 2 January 1949 – 13 October 2018) was a Russian breaststroke swimmer and swimming coach. He competed at the 1968, 1972 and 1976 Summer Olympics in the 100m and 200m breaststroke and 4 × 100 m medley relay.

Career 
In 1968 he won a bronze medal in the 100 m. Pankin was less successful in 1972 and 1976, and finished close to the podium in the medley relay. He was born in Moscow.

Death 
Pankin died on 13 October 2018 in Murom, Russia at the age of 69.

References

1949 births
2018 deaths
Olympic bronze medalists
People from Moscow
Russian sportspeople
Swimmers
Milena Dravić

Milena Dravić (; ; 5 October 1940 – 14 October 2018) was a Serbian actress and dancer. She was born in Belgrade. At an early age, she was a ballerina. Dravić was known for her roles in Destination Death, Special Treatment, and St. George Shoots the Dragon.

Dravić died on 14 October 2018 from pancreatic cancer in Belgrade at the age of 78.

References

Other websites

 Complete filmography at the Complete Index to World Film
 

1940 births
2018 deaths
Dancers
Deaths from pancreatic cancer
Movie actors
People from Belgrade
Serbian actors
Valeriy Shmarov

Valeriy Shmarov (; 14 August 1945 – 14 October 2018) was a Ukrainian politician. From 10 October 1994 to 8 July 1996 he was the third Minister of Defence of Ukraine.

In 1998–2002 he was a People's Deputy of Ukraine. A member of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine Committee on defense and security.

Shmarov died on 14 October 2018 at the age of 73.

References

1945 births
2018 deaths
Ukrainian politicians
Mel Ramos

Mel Ramos (July 24, 1935 – October 14, 2018) was an American figurative painter. He was born in Sacramento, California. He was known for his paintings of  female nudes, whose work had elements of realist and abstract art. 

Ramos was active in the Pop Art movement of the 1960s. Ramos was "best known for his paintings of superheroes and voluptuous female nudes emerging from cornstalks or Chiquita bananas, popping up from candy wrappers or lounging in martini glasses".

Ramos has been represented by the Louis K. Meisel Gallery since 1971. He has also been represented for many years by San Francisco's Modernism gallery and Galerie Ernst Hilger, Austria.

Ramos died of heart failure on October 14, 2018 in Oakland, California at the age of 83.

References

Other websites
Mel Ramos: The Official Website
Representation in Europe and publisher of Prints: Galerie Ernst Hilger

1935 births
2018 deaths
American painters
Pop artists
Deaths from heart failure
Cardiovascular disease deaths in California
People from Sacramento, California
Fernando Serena

Fernando Rodríguez Serena (28 January 1941 – 15 October 2018) was a Spanish footballer. He played as a midfielder. Serena was born in Madrid. He played for Real Madrid for five years, and was a part of their European Cup winning squad in 1966.

He earned one cap for the Spanish National Team. Serena also played for CA Osasuna, Elche CF, and UE Sant Andreu.

Serena died of complications from Parkinson's disease on 15 October 2018 in Madrid at the age of 77.

References

Other websites

 National team data at BDFutbol

1941 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from Parkinson's disease
Sportspeople from Madrid
Spanish footballers
Reggie and the Full Effect

Reggie and the Full Effect is an American rock band formed in 1998.

American musical groups
Missing Richard Simmons

Missing Richard Simmons is an investigative journalism podcast, created by Stitcher, First Look Media, and Pineapple Street Media and hosted by Dan Taberski. The first episode was released on February 15, 2017, with the following five episodes released weekly.

Synopsis
Missing Richard Simmons focuses on the sudden retirement from public life of Richard Simmons. After having an illustrious media career spanning over 30 years and known for interacting with fans on a personal level, Simmons retired from the public eye in February 2014. Not only did he no longer appear in the media, but he also stopped teaching his regular exercise classes at Slimmons and stopped corresponding with his friends and fans. Former producer on The Daily Show Dan Taberski sets out to find out why.

References

Other websites
 Missing Richard Simmons

Podcasting
Aaron Schroeder

Aaron Harold Schroeder (September 7, 1926 – December 2, 2009) was an American songwriter and music publisher. He was born in Brooklyn, New York. He wrote seventeen songs for Elvis Presley including five that reached number one: "A Big Hunk o' Love", "Good Luck Charm", "I Got Stung", "Stuck on You" and "It's Now or Never".

Schroeder was founder and president of Musicor Records (1960–1965). He also helped Gene Pitney become famous.

Schroeder died on December 2, 2009, in Englewood, New Jersey from primary progressive aphasia, a rare form of dementia, aged 83.

References

1926 births
2009 deaths
Deaths from primary progressive aphasia
Cardiovascular disease deaths in New Jersey
American record producers
American songwriters
Writers from New York City
Businesspeople from New York City
Marysville, Kansas

Marysville is a city in and the county seat of Marshall County, Kansas, United States.  As of the 2010 census, the city population was 3,294.

References

Cities in Marshall County, Kansas
County seats in Kansas
Sea Cliff, New York

The Incorporated Village of Sea Cliff is a village located within the Town of Oyster Bay in Nassau County, New York. According to the United States 2010 Census, the village population was 4,995.

Sea Cliff is located at .

References

Villages in New York
Shawnee County, Kansas

Shawnee County (county code SN) is a county in northeast Kansas, in the central United States. As of the 2010 census, the population was 177,934 making it the third-most populous county in Kansas.

Its most populous city, Topeka, is the state capital and county seat. The county was one of the original 33 counties created by the first territorial legislature in 1855.

It was named for the Shawnee tribe of Native Americans.

History 
On August 25, 1855, Shawnee County was created.

References

Further reading 
 
 
 Atlas and Plat Book of Shawnee County, Kansas; Kenyon Co; 107 pages; 1921.
 Plat Book, Directory, Survey of Shawnee County, Kansas; Kansas Farmer; 45 pages; 1913.
 Standard Atlas of Shawnee County, Kansas; Geo. A. Ogle & Co; 82 pages; 1898.
 Atlas of Shawnee County, Kansas; F.W. Beers; 41 pages; 1873.

Other websites 

County
 
 Shawnee County - Directory of Public Officials
Maps
 Shawnee County Maps: Current, Historic, KDOT
 Kansas Highway Maps: Current, Historic, KDOT
 Kansas Railroad Maps: Current, 1996, 1915, KDOT and Kansas Historical Society

1855 establishments in Kansas Territory
Kansas counties
Doctor of Science

Doctor of Science is often abbreviated as ScD, DSc, SD or DS. It is an academic research degree. Because most scientists qualify as a PhD the degree is not often awarded. Sometimes it is used as a higher doctorate, and sometimes as an honorary degree.

Academic degrees
Aleut

The Aleut are Native Americans from the Aleutian Islands. They live in Alaska and Russia. Their traditional clothes were made from the skins of sea lions, seals, sea otters, and birds.

Language 
The Aleut speak the Aleut language, which they call Unangam Tunuu. However, most of them don't speak it well nowadays. Many speak English and Russian.

History

Contact with Russians 
In the 18th century, Russians came to Alaska. The Russians taught the Aleut about their religion, the Russian Orthodox version of Christianity. They also traded furs with them.

California 
The Aleut killed many members of the Nicoleño Tribe in California during a conflict.

Culture

Housing 
The Aleut lived in special houses called barabara. It was partly underground to protect them from the elements.

Food 
The Aleut hunted many sea creatures for food and their furs. They also liked to eat berries.
Native American
Perkins County, Nebraska

Perkins County is a county in the U.S. state of Nebraska. As of the 2010 census, 2,970 people lived there. The county seat is Grant. It was founded in 1887.

1887 establishments in Nebraska
Nebraska counties
Phelps County, Nebraska

Phelps County is a county in the U.S. state of Nebraska. As of the 2010 census, 9,188 people lived there. The county seat is Holdrege. It was founded in 1873.

1873 establishments in Nebraska
Nebraska counties
Pottawatomie County

Pottawatomie County is the name of two counties in the United States:
 Pottawatomie County, Kansas
 Pottawatomie County, Oklahoma

Other 
 Pottawattamie County, Iowa
Patrick Baumann (basketball)

Patrick Baumann (5 August 1967 – 14 October 2018) was a Swiss basketball executive, player and coach. He was the President of the Global Association of International Sports Federations and Secretary General of the International Basketball Federation (FIBA).

Baumann was born in Basel on 5 August 1967 and died of a heart attack while attending the 2018 Youth Olympics in Buenos Aires, Argentina, on 14 October 2018.

References 

1967 births
2018 deaths
Basketball players
Coaches
Sportspeople from Basel
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Richland County

Richland County is the name of six counties in the United States:
 Richland County, Illinois
 Richland County, Montana
 Richland County, North Dakota
 Richland County, Ohio
 Richland County, South Carolina
 Richland County, Wisconsin

Other 
 Richland Parish, Louisiana
Pierce County, Nebraska

Pierce County is a county in the U.S. state of Nebraska. As of the 2010 census, 7,266 people lived there. The county seat is Pierce. The county was founded in 1859 and named after Franklin Pierce, 14th President of the United States (1853–1857).

1850s establishments in Nebraska Territory
1859 establishments in the United States
Nebraska counties
Iboga

Tabernanthe iboga or simply iboga is a perennial rainforest shrub, native to western Central Africa. Iboga can be used as a drug; it stimulates the central nervous system when taken in small doses and induces hallucinations in larger doses.  In parts of Africa where the plant grows, the bark of the root is chewed for various pharmacological or ritualistic purposes.  Ibogaine, the active alkaloid, is also used to treat substance abuse disorders and depression. A small amount of ibogaine, along with precursors of ibogaine, are found in Voacanga africana.

Normally, the plant grows to a height of about 2m. It may eventually grow into a small tree up to 10 m tall. It has small green leaves. Its flowers are white and pink, while the fruit can be either an elongated oval shape, or a round spherical shape. Fruits are orange in color. Its yellow-colored roots contain a number of indole alkaloids, most notably ibogaine, which is found in the highest concentration in the root-bark. The root material, bitter in taste, causes anesthetic sensation in the mouth as well as systemic numbness to the skin.

Apocynaceae
Shrubs
Arto Paasilinna

Arto Tapio Paasilinna (20 April 1942 – 15 October 2018) was a Finnish writer. He was a journalist turned comic novelist. He was one of the most successful novelists of Finland. He won a broad readership outside of Finland. He was born in Kittilä, Finland. 

Paasilinna was known for his 1975 novel The Year of the Hare (Jäniksen vuosi), a best-seller in France and Finland. His brother is former MEP Reino Paasilinna.

Paasilinna died on 15 October 2018 in Espoo from complications of a stroke, aged 76.

References

Other websites

 The Arto Paasilinna Society, in English and Swedish, the world's best infosite regarding Arto Paasilinna and his books.
 Arto Paasilinnan Seura ry (Arto Paasilinna Society)
 Arto Paasilinna at Fantastic Fiction (list of English translations: summary, covers, editions, ISBN)

1942 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from stroke
Finnish people
Novelists
Reino Paasilinna

Reino Paasilinna (born 5 December 1939) is a Finnish politician and former Member of the European Parliament (MEP). He is a member of the Social Democratic Party of Finland. He is a member of the Party of European Socialdemocrats. He was on the European Parliament's Committee on Industry, Research and Energy.

He was an MEP from 1996 to 2009.

Reino Paasilinna was born on Aunus, a ship on the Arctic Ocean, on the coast of Norway.

His brother was novelist Arto Paasilinna.

References

1939 births
Living people
MEPs for Finland
Former MEPs
Yoshito Sengoku

was a Japanese politician. He was in the House of Representatives in the Diet (national legislature) as a member of the Democratic Party of Japan. He was born in Tokushima, Tokushima prefecture.

He was elected for the first time in 1990 as a member of the Japan Socialist Party. He was an ally of Prime Minister Naoto Kan.

From November 2010 until his firing in January 2011, he was Minister of Justice. In March 2011, Prime Minister Naoto Kan appointed Yoshito Sengoku as Deputy Chief Cabinet Secretary.

He lost his seat in the December 16, 2012 general election.

Sengoku died on October 11, 2018 in Tokyo from lung cancer, aged 72.

References

Other websites
 Official website  

1946 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from lung cancer
Japanese politicians
Dennis Hof

Dennis Hof (born October 14, 1946 – October 16, 2018) was an American brothel owner, entrepreneur, restaurateur and star of the HBO series Cathouse. He was best known as the owner of seven legal brothels in Nevada known as Moonlite BunnyRanch. 

Hof's autobiography, The Art Of The Pimp, was a best-seller, and he lectured at Oxford University in England, Trinity College Dublin and the Sorbonne in France. He was in a domestic partnership with Heidi Fleiss.

Hof endorsed Ron Paul in the 2008 and 2012 presidential elections and Donald Trump in 2016. He joined the Libertarian Party in 2015. In 2016 and 2018, he ran for the Nevada state legislator, but lost in the Republican primary. 

From 2016 to 2018, Hof was accused by many women of rape, sexual assault and unwanted unprotected sex.

Hof was found dead in his sleep by Ron Jeremy at his Love Ranch near Pahrump, Nevada, on October 16, 2018, following a party for his 72nd birthday. 

At the time of his death, Hof was running for the Nevada Assembly's 36th District. His name remained on the ballot and he won the election. Another Republican was appointed to replace him.

References

Other websites
 

1946 births
2018 deaths
American autobiographers
American sex industry businesspeople
Brothel owners and madams
Businesspeople from Nevada
Businesspeople from Phoenix, Arizona
Deaths from cardiac arrest
Politicians from Nevada
Politicians from Phoenix, Arizona
US Libertarian Party politicians
US Republican Party politicians
Writers from Nevada
Writers from Phoenix, Arizona
Pahrump, Nevada

Pahrump () is an unincorporated town in Nye County, Nevada, United States. As of 2010 the population was 36,441, making it the largest settlement in the county.

References

Unincorporated communities in Nevada
Sid Michaels Kavulich

Michael G. "Sid Michaels" Kavulich (August 22, 1956 – October 16, 2018) was an American politician, radio, and television broadcaster. He was born in Taylor, Pennsylvania. He was a member of the Democratic Party. He was a sportscaster for WBRE-TV. Kavulich was a member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives from 2011 until his death in 2018.

Kavulich died from complications of heart surgery at a Philadelphia hospital on October 16, 2018, aged 62.

References

Other websites
Pennsylvania House of Representatives - Sid Michaels Kavulich (Democrat)
Pennsylvania House Democratic Caucus - Sid Michaels Kavulich
Sid Michaels Kavulich for State Representative

1956 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from surgical complications
Politicians from Pennsylvania
People from Scranton, Pennsylvania
American radio personalities
American television personalities
US Democratic Party politicians
Taylor, Pennsylvania

Taylor is a borough in Lackawanna County, Pennsylvania, United States, four miles (six km) southwest of Scranton on the Lackawanna River. 

The population at the 2010 census was 6,263.

References

Boroughs in Pennsylvania
Lackawanna River

The Lackawanna River is a  tributary of the Susquehanna River in northeastern Pennsylvania in the United States. It flows through a region of the northern Pocono Mountains. It starts in north Wayne County, Pennsylvania and ends in east Luzerne County, Pennsylvania in Duryea, Pennsylvania. 

The lower reaches of the river flow through the urban areas of Scranton, which grew around its banks in the 19th century as an industrial center. Its name comes from a Lenni Lenape word meaning "stream that forks".

References

Rivers of Pennsylvania
Susquehanna River

The Susquehanna River (; Lenape: Siskëwahane) is a major river located in the northeastern and mid-Atlantic United States. At  long, it is the longest river on the East Coast of the United States that drains  into the Atlantic Ocean.

With its watershed, it is the 16th-largest river in the United States, and the longest river in the early 21st-century continental United States without commercial boat traffic.

The river spans in three states: Pennsylvania, New York and Maryland.

References

Rivers of Pennsylvania
Rivers of New York
Rivers of Maryland
Duryea, Pennsylvania

Duryea is a borough in Luzerne County, Pennsylvania, United States,  south of Scranton. It is situated along the eastern bank of the Susquehanna. The population was 4,917 at the 2010 census.

References

Boroughs in Pennsylvania
Byron Mallott

Byron Ivar Mallott (April 6, 1943 – May 8, 2020) was an American politician, elder, tribal activist, and business executive.

Mallott was an Alaska Native leader of Tlingit heritage, and the leader of the Kwaash Ké Kwaan clan. He was the 12th Lieutenant Governor of Alaska from 2014 until his resignation on October 16, 2018. He resigned after saying inappropriate things to a woman.

He was the Mayor of Yakutat, the Mayor of Juneau, the President of the Alaska Federation of Natives and the executive director of the Alaska Permanent Fund.

Mallott was the Democratic nominee for Governor of Alaska in 2014, until he agreed to merge his campaign with that of Independent candidate Bill Walker and become Walker's running mate.

Walker and Mallott won the election and were sworn in on December 1, 2014.

Mallott died of a heart attack at a hospital in Anchorage on May 8, 2020 at the age of 77.

References

Other websites
  of the Office of the Lieutenant Governor

1943 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
American mayors
People from Juneau, Alaska
Lieutenant Governors of Alaska
Businesspeople from Alaska
American political activists
US Democratic Party politicians
Ian Kiernan

Ian Bruce Carrick Kiernan (4 October 1940 – 16 October 2018) was an Australian yachtsman and environmental campaigner. He was born in Sydney. Kiernan was known for organising the Clean Up Australia campaign, and in 1993 a similar Clean Up the World operation. It had 30 million volunteers partake from 80 countries.

Kiernan's environmental work was awarded in 1991 when the Australian Government gave him the Medal of the Order of Australia (OAM). He was named Australian of the Year in 1994.

Kiernan died of cancer on 16 October 2018 in Sydney. He was 78.

References

1940 births
2018 deaths
Australian activists
Cancer deaths in Sydney
Environmentalists
People from Sydney
Nasim Pedrad

Nasim Pedrad (; born November 18, 1981) is an Iranian-born American actress and comedian. She was born in Tehran, Iran and emigrated to Irvine, California in 1984. She is best known for her five seasons as a cast member on Saturday Night Live from 2009 to 2014. 

After SNL, she went on to co-star in sitcoms such as Mulaney, Scream Queens, People of Earth, and New Girl.

References

1981 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
Naturalized citizens of the United States
Iranian actors
People from Tehran
Actors from Orange County, California
Comedians from California
People from Irvine, California
Vanessa Bayer

Vanessa Bayer (born November 14, 1981) is an American actress and comedian. She is best known as a cast member on Saturday Night Live from 2010 to 2017. She earned a Primetime Emmy nomination.

When Bayer was a teenager, she suffered from leukemia.

References

Other websites
 

1981 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
Cancer survivors
Actors from Ohio
Comedians from Ohio
Melissa Villaseñor

Melissa Villaseñor (born October 9, 1987) is an American actress, stand-up comedian, and impressionist. She is currently a cast member on Saturday Night Live since 2016, making her the first Latina on SNL.

References

Other websites

1987 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
Actors from Los Angeles County, California
Comedians from Los Angeles County, California
Chagatai language

Chagatai language is one of the extinct Turkic languages spoken in Central Asia. Chagatai was a member of the eastern Turkic branch of the Altaic languages family and was a literary language from the Timur period and the Timurids until the early twentieth century.

Related pages 
 Turkic languages

References 

Turkic languages
Extinct languages
Karluk languages

Karluk languages or Qarluq languages are one of the subcategories of the Turkic language family, spoken and developed by the Karluk people in Central Asia.

Related pages 
 Turkic languages

Turkic languages
Chagatai Khanate

Chagatai Khanate was a Turco-Mongol government that included the lands under the rule of Chagatai Khan, the second son of Genghis Khan.

Related pages 
 Chagatai Khan
 Turco-Mongol

Former countries in Central Asia
Platte County, Nebraska

Platte County is a county in the U.S. state of Nebraska. As of the 2010 census, 32,237 people lived there. The county seat is Columbus. It was created in 1855.

1855 establishments in Nebraska Territory
Nebraska counties
Polk County, Nebraska

Polk County is a county in the U.S. state of Nebraska. As of the 2010 census, 5,406 people lived there. The county seat is Osceola. The county was founded in 1856 and named after James K. Polk, 11th President of the United States (1845–1849).

1856 establishments in Nebraska Territory
Nebraska counties
Mía Maestro

Mía Maestro (born June 19, 1978) is an Argentine actress and singer-songwriter. She was born in Buenos Aires.

Maestro is known for her role as Nora Martinez in The Strain, Nadia Santos in the television drama Alias, as Christina Kahlo in Frida, and as Carmen in The Twilight Saga.

References

Other websites

 
Mia Maestro official website

1978 births
Living people
Argentine movie actors
Argentine television actors
Argentine singers
Argentine writers
Actors from Buenos Aires
Josh Lucas

Joshua Lucas Easy Dent Maurer (born June 20, 1971), is an American actor. He is known for his roles in Glory Road, Sweet Home Alabama, A Beautiful Mind, Hulk, Stealth, Poseidon, J. Edgar, and Red Dog.

Lucas was born in Fayetteville, Arkansas, but raised in South Carolina.

References

Other websites

 
 Aboutfilm.com interview  (October, 2004)

1971 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
American stage actors
American political activists
People from Fayetteville, Arkansas
Actors from Arkansas
Actors from South Carolina
Columbia, New Jersey

Columbia is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Knowlton Township in Warren County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 Census, the CDP's population was 229. The area is served as United States Postal Service ZIP Code 07832.

References 

Unincorporated communities in New Jersey
Census-designated places in New Jersey
Red Willow County, Nebraska

Red Willow County is a county in the U.S. state of Nebraska. As of the 2010 census, 11,055 people lived there. The county seat is McCook. It was founded in 1873.

Geography 
The county has a total area of .

Bordering counties 
 Furnas County, Nebraska (east)
 Decatur County, Kansas (south)
 Rawlins County, Kansas (southwest)
 Hitchcock County, Nebraska (west)
 Frontier County, Nebraska (north)

Communities 

 Bartley
 Danbury
 Indianola
 Lebanon
 Marion
 McCook (county seat)
 Perry
 Shippee

References

Other websites 

 

1873 establishments in Nebraska
Nebraska counties
Richardson County, Nebraska

Richardson County is a county in the U.S. state of Nebraska. As of the 2010 census, 8,363 people lived there. The county seat is Falls City. It was founded in 1855.

1855 establishments in Nebraska Territory
Nebraska counties
Harry Johnston (politician)

Harry Allison Johnston II (December 2, 1931 – June 28, 2021) was a member of the United States House of Representatives from Florida. He was a member of the Democratic Party. He was born in West Palm Beach, Florida. Johnston represented Florida's 14th congressional district and 19th congressional district from 1989 to 1997.

Johnston died on June 28, 2021 in West Palm Beach at the age of 89.

References

Other websites
 
 

1931 births
2021 deaths
United States representatives from Florida
US Democratic Party politicians
Jolene Unsoeld

Jolene Unsoeld (December 3, 1931 – November 28, 2021) was an American politician, who served as a member of the United States House of Representatives from 1989 to 1995. She represented the third congressional district of Washington as a Democrat. 

Unsoeld died on November 28, 2021, five days before her 90th birthday in Olympia, Washington.

References

Other websites

1931 births
2021 deaths
United States representatives from Washington
Politicians from Oregon
US Democratic Party politicians
Rock County, Nebraska

Rock County is a county in the U.S. state of Nebraska. As of the 2010 census, 1,526 people lived there. The county seat is Bassett. It was founded in 1888.

1888 establishments in Nebraska
Nebraska counties
Bud Shuster

Elmer Greinert "Bud" Shuster (; born January 23, 1932) is an American politician. He represented Pennsylvania in the United States House of Representatives as a Republican from 1973 to 2001.

References

Other websites
 Ethics Committee complaint (1996)

 

1932 births
Living people
United States representatives from Pennsylvania
US Republican Party politicians
20th-century American politicians
21st-century American politicians
Glassport, Pennsylvania

Glassport is a borough in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, United States. There were 4,483 people living in Glassport as of the 2010 census.

References

Boroughs in Pennsylvania
Saline County, Nebraska

Saline County is a county in the U.S. state of Nebraska. As of the 2010 census, 14,200 people lived there. The county seat is Wilber. It was founded in 1855.

1855 establishments in Nebraska Territory
Nebraska counties
Thomas J. Bliley Jr.

Thomas Jerome "Tom" Bliley Jr. (born January 28, 1932) is an American Republican politician. He was a U.S. Representative from the state of Virginia from 1981 to 2001.

References

Other websites

 

1932 births
Living people
American mayors
United States representatives from Virginia
People from Richmond, Virginia
US Republican Party politicians
Chesterfield, Virginia

Chesterfield Court House is an unincorporated community that is the county seat of Chesterfield County, Virginia, United States. It was a census-designated place (CDP) at the 2000 census, at which time its population was 3,558.

References

Census-designated places in Virginia
Unincorporated communities in Virginia
County seats in Virginia
James V. Stanton

James Vincent Stanton (born February 27, 1932) is an American politician. He was a U.S. Representative from Ohio.

Stanton was a member of the Cleveland city council from 1959 to 1970, serving as president from 1964 to 1970. He was then elected as a Democrat to the 92nd and to the two succeeding Congresses (January 3, 1971 – January 3, 1977). 

Stanton was not a candidate for reelection to the House of Representatives in 1976, but was an unsuccessful candidate for nomination to the United States Senate.  He supported the man who beat him in the primary, Howard Metzenbaum.

In the 2012 election, he endorsed Republican nominee Mitt Romney over his party's nominee President Barack Obama.

References

Other websites
 Retrieved on 2010-01-02

1932 births
Living people
United States representatives from Ohio
Politicians from Cleveland, Ohio
US Democratic Party politicians
Noble County

Noble County is the name of three counties in the United States:
 Noble County, Indiana
 Noble County, Ohio
 Noble County, Oklahoma

Other 
 Nobles County, Minnesota
Howard Metzenbaum

Howard Morton Metzenbaum (June 4, 1917 – March 12, 2008) was an American politician and businessman. For almost 20 years, he was a Democratic member of the U.S. Senate from Ohio in 1974 an from 1976 to 1995. He also served in the Ohio House of Representatives and Senate from 1943 to 1951.

Metzenbaum died at his home in Aventura, Florida on March 12, 2008, aged 90.

References

Other websites

1917 births
2008 deaths
United States senators from Ohio
Politicians from Cleveland, Ohio
US Democratic Party politicians
Rice County, Minnesota

Rice County is a county in the U.S. state of Minnesota. As of 2010, 64,142 people lived there. The county seat is Faribault.

Minnesota counties
Alex McMillan

John Alexander 'Alex' McMillan III (born May 9, 1932) is an American Republican politician . McMillan was born in Charlotte, North Carolina. He was a five term member in the U.S. House of Representatives, representing North Carolina's 9th congressional district from 1985 to 1995.

Other websites

J. Alex McMillan Papers, Southern Historical Collection, UNC-Chapel Hill

1932 births
Living people
United States representatives from North Carolina
Politicians from Charlotte, North Carolina
US Republican Party politicians
Harold V. Froehlich

Harold Vernon Froehlich (born May 12, 1932) is an American politician. He was born in Appleton, Wisconsin. He is a U.S. Representative from Wisconsin's 8th congressional district. He is a Republican.

Froehlich was appointed a circuit court judge in Outagamie County, Wisconsin, in 1981, and served until he retired from the bench on April 8, 2011.

References

Other websites

1932 births
Living people
United States representatives from Wisconsin
American judges
People from Appleton, Wisconsin
US Republican Party politicians
Jack H. McDonald

Jack H. McDonald (born June 28, 1932) is an American politician. He was born in Detroit, Michigan. 

In 1966, he was the Republican Party candidate in Michigan's 19th congressional district. He was in the House from January 3, 1967 to January 3, 1973. In 1972, after redistricting, he ran in the same district as veteran Republican Representative William S. Broomfield. McDonald lost to Broomfield in the Republican primary elections.

Other websites

The Political Graveyard
Profile at NNDB
Profile at the Revolving Door  at OpenSecrets.org

1932 births
Living people
United States representatives from Michigan
Politicians from Detroit, Michigan
US Republican Party politicians
Thayer County, Nebraska

Thayer County is a county in the U.S. state of Nebraska. As of the 2010 census, 5,228 people lived there. The county seat is Hebron.

1870s establishments in Nebraska
1872 establishments in the United States
Nebraska counties
Washington County, Nebraska

Washington County is a county in the U.S. state of Nebraska. As of the 2010 census, 20,234 people lived there. The county seat is Blair. It was created in 1854.

1854 establishments in Nebraska Territory
Nebraska counties