cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Adolescence

Adolescence is the time between being a child and a mature adult, that is the period of time during which a person grows into an adult, but are emotionally not mature. Adolescence in the English speaking world usually corresponds to the teenager years of 13-19 which are so named because of the end of the English words "thirteen" to "nineteen".  

The ages when one is no longer a child, and when one becomes an adult, vary by culture. In many cultures they are marked by rites of passage. The word comes from the  Latin verb adolescere meaning "to grow up." During this time, a person's body, emotions and academic standing change a lot. When adolescence starts, in America, children usually finish elementary school and enter secondary education, such as middle school or high school.

During this period of life, most children go through the physical stages of puberty, which can often begin before a person has reached the age of 13. Most cultures think of people as becoming adults at various ages of the teenage years. For example, Jewish tradition thinks that people are adults at age 13, and this change is celebrated in the Bar Mitzvah (for boys) and the Bat Mitzvah (for girls) ceremony. Usually, there is a formal age of majority when adolescents formally (under the law) become adults.

References

Other websites 
 Adolescence -Citizendium . 

Childhood
UK Independence Party

The United Kingdom Independence Party (often called UKIP, said "you-kipp") is a political party in the United Kingdom. Its policies promote conservatism, national conservatism, and Euroscepticism. Their main policy is for the UK to leave the European Union.

The party was founded in 1993, and they first won seats in the European Parliament in 1999. They won 3 seats in 1999, which was increased to 12 in 2004 and 13 in 2009. It is now 9. The party does not do well under Britain's 'First-past-the-post' system of elections and only has one seat in the British House of Commons, although they received 3.8 million votes (12.6% of the total vote) at the 2015 UK general election.

Supporters of UKIP mostly believe in the following things:
 - The United Kingdom should leave the European Union.
 - There should be more referendums on certain issues.
 - British people should not have to carry ID cards.

In 2008 UKIP banned people who used to be members of the British National Party (BNP) from joining.

On 9 October 2014 Douglas Carswell became UKIP's first elected MP. Carswell quit the party in March 2017.

May 2014 local elections
In the May 2014 local elections UKIP got 30% of the vote in Sunderland. The party gained 155 local council seats across the country.

2015 general election
UKIP came third in the May 2015 general election, after the Labour Party and the Conservative Party. The party got 12.9% of the vote and gained one seat.

2017 general election
In the 2017 general election, UKIP's share of the vote went down to 1.8 and they didn't win any seats. The next day UKIP's leader Paul Nuttall resigned.

Current members 
There are currently over 20,000 people who are members of the UKIP.

Gerard Batten becomes leader (2018)
In February 2018 Gerard Batten become leader of the party firstly on an interim basis before winning the UKIP leadership election in April 2018 unopposed.

2018 UK local elections
In the 2018 UK local elections UKIP lost 124 of the 126 seats it was defending, and gained a single seat in Derby.

Accusations of embracing the far-right
Since the election of Batten as leader of the party there have been accusations that UKIP is embracing the far-right. Those saying the party was moving to the right began early in Battern's leadership when he began to focus the party around rejecting Islamic ideology and when a quote arose of Battern calling Islam a "death cult". In September 2018 Battern was also criticised for attending an anti-Muslim rally in Sunderland. These accusations grew much stronger after the far-right activist Tommy Robinson was appointed an advisor to Battern in November 2018. This led to many of UKIP's MEPs and former party leaders Nigel Farage and Paul Nuttall to leave the party, as well as the party's leader in Scotland.

Sources

Other websites 
 UKIP homepage

1993 establishments in the United Kingdom
Political parties in the United Kingdom
Nationalist organisations in the United Kingdom
Eurosceptic parties
Brexit
Space Oddity

David Bowie's first big hit record was the single "Space Oddity" in 1969. This album though only really sold well when he became more famous in 1973. Many of the songs are very melodic, with good tunes, and are unusual.

The songs on this album are:
 Space Oddity
 Unwashed And Somewhat Slightly Dazed
 Letter To Hermione
 Cygnet Committee
 Janine
 An Occasional Dream
 Wild Eyed Boy From Freecloud
 God Knows I'm Good
 Memory Of A Free Festival

1969 albums
Rock albums
Folk albums
David Bowie
Saxophone

A saxophone is a family of musical instruments that are made of brass. These are often just called a "sax".  It has seven main keys, including the octave key.  Because it is made from brass it is often included in the brass section alongside true brass instruments like the trumpet or trombone.  However, it is not a true brass instrument but a member of the woodwind family of instruments because it has a reed. It was developed from the clarinet and shares many similarities to the clarinet. The player blows into a reed fitted into the mouthpiece of the instrument. Adolf Sax creates the instrument, but at first, it was heavily disliked because he boasted about it. Conductors  would not add it to their orchestras because of the horrible reputations it had because of Adolf Sax. It started to gain popularity and lose that bad review, in the early 20th century.   

The mouth piece is also a way to tune the saxophone. If you are sharp you can pull the mouthpiece out. If you are flat you can push the mouthpiece in. Another way to tune the saxophone is with your mouth. If you are sharp you 'drop your jaw', or loosen up. If you are flat you tighten your embouchure, (mouth).  

There are several different kinds of saxophone. In order from low to high pitch they are: tubax, contrabass, bass, baritone, tenor, alto, soprano, sopranino, and soprillo. However, only the baritone, tenor, alto, and soprano are commonly used.

It was invented in 1840 by Adolphe Sax and is used in classical, jazz, and occasionally in rock, pop, and other styles. The big bands of the 1940s and 1950s always used it too. Famous saxophone players were Marcel Mule (classical music), John Coltrane (jazz music), and Charlie Parker (jazz music).

Woodwind instruments
Jazz instruments
Formula

In mathematics and science, a formula is a rule or statement written in algebraic symbols. The plural of formula can be written in two ways: formulae or formulas - the choice is based on personal preference. 

Formulas use letters instead of words. A simple example of a formula is y = x. If x=1, the formula y=x would make the statement that x is the same thing as y, therefore, y=1. 

In mathematics, a formula can also be an identity which equates two mathematical expressions together. Some key formulas under this category include the Pythagorean theorem, binomial theorem, Euler's formula and De Moivre's formula. The expression "V=lwh", which relates the volume V to the length l, width w and height h of a rectangular box, is another example of a formula in geometry.

In science, one of the most well known formulas is the formula for energy, e = mc2, created by Albert Einstein. Here, e represents energy, m represents mass and c is the speed of light. Thus, energy = mass × speed of light 2.

The formula e = mc2 is also an equation. Every equation is a formula, but not every formula is an equation. For instance, the formula x≡y (x "is defined as" y) is not an equation, because no "=" sign is used.

Related pages 

 Inequality

References 

Mathematics
Musician

A musician is a person who plays a musical instrument like a guitar or a piano or a person that sings.

A musician is also someone who writes music, even if they write it for other people to play. People who write music are called composers.

Musicians can also make a group together to play songs.

Lists of musicians

Some famous composers and musicians

Johann Sebastian Bach (Composer)
Ludwig van Beethoven (Composer)
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (Composer)
Duke Ellington (Composer, plays the piano)
Bob Marley (Plays the electric guitar, also sings)
Paul McCartney (Singer, plays the bass and the guitar)
Michael Jackson (Singer)
Jimi Hendrix (Plays the electric guitar, also sings)
Cat Stevens (Singer)

Some famous bands

The Beatles
Jefferson Airplane
U2
Led Zeppelin

Some famous orchestras

The London Symphony Orchestra, The United Kingdom
The New York Philharmonic Orchestra, USA
The Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra, Germany
The Belgrade Philharmonic Orchestra, Serbia 
The Cleveland Orchestra, USA

References

 
Entertainment occupations
Carrot

The carrot (Say it: Car-IT) is a type of plant. Many different types exist. The Latin name of the plant is usually given as Daucus carota. The plant has an edible, orange root, and usually white flowers. Wild carrots grow naturally in Eurasia. Domesticated carrots are grown for food in many parts of the world.

Carrots are grown in the ground, and carrots roots are a common edible vegetable. After cleaning, the roots may be eaten raw or cooked. They are served as part of many dishes. In Portugal, carrot jam is a speciality.

Images

Nutrition
Carrots are a moderate source of beta carotene, biotin, vitamin K1, vitamin B6, and potassium. Along with beta-carotene carrots also have carotenoids another antioxidant helpful to enhance  immunity functions and decreased risk of cardiovascular diseases, degenerative diseases and different types of cancers

References

Root vegetables
Apiaceae
Conservatism

Conservatism is a type of political belief that supports emphasis on traditions and relies on the individual to maintain society.  The term was first used by François-René de Chateaubriand in 1818, during the Bourbon Restoration, which wanted to roll back the policies of the French Revolution. The term is associated with right-wing politics. It has been used to describe a wide range of views. There is no single set of policies that are regarded as conservative because the meaning of conservatism depends on a given place and time, although most Conservatives oppose Modernism in some way and want to go back to old values.
In Western culture for example, Conservatives try to maintain things like organized religion, property rights, parliamentary government and family values.

Beliefs 
Conservatism tends to support the notion of faith, particularly in Abrahamic traditions in countries where those are the dominant religions. In England, the publication of Edmund Burke’s book Reflections on the revolution in France suggested people should be satisfied and advocated a caring government. The two ideas go together.

Some conservatives seek to keep things as they are, while others want a return to the way things were at an earlier time. This is often called reactionary conservatism. A conservative party in England formed which wanted better co-operation between rich and poor, democracy, and some aspects of a welfare state. This was also favoured by conservatives in France and other parts of Europe.

Types 
 Gradualism: The process of change in a slow, gradual way.
 Liberal conservatism: Conservatism with the classical liberal view that the government should not control the economy.
 National conservatism: Conservatism that is focused more on culture and race without being a Nationalist or Far-right.
 Religious conservatism: Conservatism that applies a religion to politics.
 Social conservatism: Conservatism that focuses on social issues and traditions.

Conservatism in different countries

Brazil 
In Brazil, conservatism comes from its Portugese roots, often being Evangelical, such as President Jair Bolsonaro.

India 
Conservatives in India are pro-Hindu, anti-Pakistan, and are socially conservative. The Bharatiya Janata Party is the biggest conservative party in India, lead by Narendra Modi.

United States 
In the United States, conservatives worry about centralism, do not trust the welfare state, and consider business people trustworthy on wages and prices. The Republican Party is a Conservative political party from the United States.

Related pages 
 Political economy
 Constitutional economics
 Liberalism
 Libertarianism

References
Machine

A machine is a thing that is created by people to make work easier. It is a tool or invention which multiplies the effect of human effort. The machine produces a mechanical advantage.

Some machines have many parts that move. Examples are bicycles and clocks.

Some machines do not have parts that move. Examples are computers and telephones.

People have used machines since before there was history.

Often a machine will change one form of energy to another form of energy. Simple machines increase or change the direction of a force.

Simple machine 
There are six 'simple machines'.  They are:
 the wedge, 
 the Inclined plane (ramp), 
 the screw, 
 the lever, 
 the pulley, 
 and the wheel and axle.

Compound machines are made up of two or more simple machines.

Other websites 
 APlusProject.com - Machine Design website with a forum
 MachineDesign.com

 
Basic English 850 words
Engineering
Wario Land 4

Wario Land 4 is a video game released for the Game Boy Advance in 2001 as a part of the Wario video game series. It was later released for the Virtual Console for the Nintendo 3DS as an ambassador game in 2011.

Plot
The main plot of this video game is to save a princess that has been turned into a cat and needs to be saved. Wario arrives and has to defeat a golden diva that has turned the princess in to a cat.

References

2001 video games
Game Boy Advance games
Game Boy Advance-only games
Wario
Mrs. Doubtfire

Mrs. Doubtfire is a 1993 American comedy-drama movie, based on the novel Madame Doubtfire. It stars Robin Williams as Daniel Hillard, a divorced actor who disguises himself as a nanny since he desperately wants to be with his children.

Release dates

Plot
Daniel Hillard (Robin Williams) is a voice actor who quits his job over a smoking issue in a cartoon. Then, he throws his son Chris a birthday party, which is against his wife Miranda (Sally Field)'s wishes because Chris received bad grades on his report card. After a long argument, Miranda asks Daniel for a divorce.

Daniel has 90 days to get a job and a place to live. He later discovers that his wife wants a nanny. So, he makes several calls to his wife, using fake names and different accents, to be hired. Eventually, he gets the job.

Daniel Hillard goes to his gay brother Frank (Harvey Fierstein) and his partner Jack (Scott Capurro) to get a makeover. The makeover makes him look like a woman, which is exactly what Daniel had hoped for.

Miranda is later seen dating Stu Dunmeyer (Pierce Brosnan). Disguised as Mrs. Doubtfire, Daniel babysits his three children. When he, his family, and Stu go to Bridges Restaurant to celebrate Miranda's birthday, Daniel must switch in and out of costume repeatedly since he is also eating dinner with Jonathan Lundy (Robert Prosky). While drunk, Daniel ends up mixing up the two outfits. Later, when he saves Stu from choking (disguised as Mrs. Doubtfire), Daniel's face mask comes off, exposing him. Horrified and angered, Miranda immediately leaves with the children while Stu is confused, but thanks Daniel for saving him.

Afterwards, Miranda is awarded full custody of the children while Daniel can only see them with supervision. After realizing how easier it was having Mrs. Doubtfire around, Miranda calls the court and allows Daniel to pick up his children after school and unsupervised.

Cancelled sequel
In 2001, Bonnie Hunt began development on Mrs. Doubtfire 2, but Williams disapproved and claimed that the script was scrapped multiple times. On April 17, 2014, production on Mrs. Doubtfire 2 began. Williams' death in 2014, production on the sequel was cancelled. However, it is possible that Williams could have filmed scenes for the sequel when he was alive.

Other websites
 

1993 comedy-drama movies
1990s family movies
20th Century Fox movies
Academy Award winning movies
American comedy-drama movies
American family movies
Cross-dressing in movies
English-language movies
Golden Globe Award winning movies
Movies about entertainers
Movies about families
Movies based on books
Movies set in California
Movies that won the Best Makeup Academy Award
Movies about divorce
Movies directed by Chris Columbus
Ford Focus

The Ford Focus is a small car made by Ford Motor Company from 1998 to the present day.

First generation (1998–2004) 
Ford created the first generation Focus in late 1998 with 3 and 5-door hatchbacks, saloon and estate versions. The older Escort was produced alongside it until 2000. In late 2001, the model was facelifted at the front and inside, It had new front lights, new bumper and different seats as well as new diesel engines. It was very popular thanks to its styling and fun handling.

Second generation (2004–2011) 
Ford created the second generation Focus in late 2004 with the same versions as the previous generation. In early 2008, the model was facelifted at the front and back, it had new front lights, new bumper and new grille. This was the only generation to include a hard-folding convertible model.

Third generation (2011–2018) 
Ford created the third generation Focus in early 2011 with 5-door hatchback, saloon and estate versions, a 3-door hatchback is no longer offered. In late 2014, the model was facelifted at the front and back, It had new front lights, new bumper and new grille. The third generation Ford Focus was also available in the RS Trim, a sport version of the normal Focus and sold for a higher price.

Fourth generation (2018–present) 
Ford created the fourth generation Focus in Summer 2018 with hatchback, saloon and estate versions. It appeared exactly 20 years after the original Focus launched. It was facelifted in late 2021. A fourth generation Focus RS was planned, but ultimately was scrapped due to the cost of developing a hybrid powertrain.

References

Other websites
2000s automobiles
Focus
Seinfeld

Seinfeld was an American television series. The series is thought by many people to be a great situation comedy. It was created by Jerry Seinfeld and Larry David and ran from 1989 to 1998. Jerry Seinfeld plays himself.

People 
 Jerry Seinfeld (himself) - He is a comedian. He lives in a rented apartment in New York City. Jerry always gets into strange situations and funny events with his friends.
 George Costanza (Jason Alexander) - A real estate agent, Jerry's best friend. He is very neurotic and always afraid that nobody likes him.
 Elaine Bennes (Julia Louis-Dreyfus) - Elaine is Jerry's ex-girlfriend. But they are still friends and always spend time together. Elaine always has trouble finding a good boyfriend.
 Cosmo Kramer (Kessier from the first episode) (Michael Richards) - He lives in the apartment next to Jerry's. Kramer is very tall and his hair always stands upwards. He is a strange sort of person and always has ideas nobody else has.
 Newman (Wayne Knight) - Jerry's main antagonist who's a very close friend of Kramer. Newman is a lazy mailman.
 Susan Ross (Heidi Swedberg) - George's girlfriend in season 4 and his fiancee in season 7. George hates being with her.
 Frank and Estelle Costanza (Jerry Stiller, Estelle Harris, and John Randoplh) - The parents of George. He hates them.
 Morty Seinfeld (Barney Martin) - Jerry's father.

DVDs 
 Seasons 1 & 2
 Season 3
 The Regift Edition Boxed Set

Other websites 
 
 

1989 American television series debuts
1998 American television series endings
1980s American comedy television series
1990s American comedy television series
American sitcoms
Emmy Award winning programs
Golden Globe Award winning programs
NBC network shows
Screen Actors Guild Award winners
 
Television series set in New York City
English-language television programs
Joey (TV series)

Joey was a 2004 American television series. It was a sitcom on the NBC network. The series was a spin-off of the series Friends. It starred Matt LeBlanc as Joey Tribbiani, his character from Friends. It consists of Joey, his sister, and his nephew.

Cast 
 Matt LeBlanc as Joey Tribbiani
 Drea de Matteo as Gina Tribbiani (Joey's sister)
 Paulo Costanzo as Michael Tribbiani (Joey's nephew; Gina's son)
 Jennifer Coolidge as Bobbie Morganstern
 Andrea Anders as Alex Garrett

Joey stopped broadcasting after the episode "Joey and the Snowball fight" because fewer than 4.1 million viewers tuned in, compared to 18 million who tuned into see the pilot episode. Joey Season 2 on DVD rocketed to over £35 in some cases because so few were made, and they were only released in Canada.

Related pages
 Friends

Other websites 
 

2004 American television series debuts
2006 American television series endings
2000s American comedy television series
American sitcoms
NBC network shows
Television series about families
Television series set in Los Angeles
Television spin-offs
English-language television programs
Lisgar Collegiate Institute

Lisgar Collegiate Institute is in Ottawa, Canada. It is the oldest secondary school in Ottawa and possibly Ontario. It was named after a former Governor General of Canada. It was established in 1874 and has been formerly known as the Ottawa Collegiate Institute and the Dalhousie District Grammar School. It celebrated its 160th anniversary in 2004. 
Lisgar houses about 1000 students. It has a gifted program.

Schools in Canada
1874 establishments
1870s establishments in Canada
Psoriasis

Psoriasis is a skin condition where cells grow at a faster rate than they can be shed, causing excess skin to build up and form scaly patches on the body. 

The condition: 
It appears to be a buildup of dry skin on your body.  You can have it at any age, but normally as you get older.  It starts with the skin cracking as a paper cut on your fingertips. This skin would begin to die, flake, peal and itch. As your itch the area, it begins to get red and then it begins to blister like, flake and peals to raw skin.  It appears most often on hands, toes, inside arch of your feet and on you heals.  It is also shows up in callus, by cracking.  When washing hands it has a burning effect.     

Living in moist humid climate appears to delay the condition for appearing.  Dry arid climates seem to aggravate the condition.  Washing your hands has a drying affect, which triggers the condition.  When washing, water removes oils from our body, and has a drying effect on our hands.  Washing with Psoriasis removes the dry skin, but then the skin underneath is raw.  Hard water appears to worsen the condition in dry climates, but not as much in humid areas.  Soft water appears better. 

Dermatology
Jurassic Park

Jurassic Park is a 1990 science fiction novel by Michael Crichton. It was made into a movie in 1993 directed by Steven Spielberg.

Plot 
The plot of this story is of a theme park that is filled with dinosaurs. The park seems like a great idea to the people building the park. John Hammond, the man who built the park, invites several people, including his grandchildren and the paleontologist Dr. Alan Grant, to visit the park. During the tour, Nedry (a computer worker for the park) shuts down the entire park to try to steal some dinosaur embryos, in order to earn a fortune from another company. Now the guests must try to restart power for the park. Complications arise since the dinosaurs have escaped because of the power failure.

Main characters 
 Dennis Nedry — Jurassic Park's main programmer
 Dr. Henry Wu — Chief Geneticist
 Dr. Alan Grant — Paleontologist
 Dr. Ellie Sattler — Paleobotanist
 John Hammond — Owner of InGen
 Ray Arnold — Engineer
 Robert Muldoon — Park Warden
Donald Gennaro — Financial Advisor

Related pages 
 Jurassic Park (movie)

Other websites 

 Jurassicpark.com

20th-century American novels
Jurassic Park
Science fiction books
1990 books
Dinosaurs in fiction
Fantasy books
Science fiction
H. G. Wells

Herbert George Wells (21 September 1866 – 13 August 1946) was an English author. He was born in Bromley, Kent. He wrote about 50 books. He was one of the inventors of science fiction, and also wrote novels and utopias. He wrote books such as The Invisible Man, The Time Machine, The Island of Dr. Moreau, and The War of the Worlds. He also explained how the things he wrote about could actually happen. Some of his books have been made into movies. He had diabetes. He died in London.

Works

Biology 
 The science of life. London: Cassell (1933). Co-authors: Julian Huxley and G.P, Wells.

Science fiction 
 The Time machine (1895)
 The Island of Doctor Moreau (1896)
 The Invisible Man (1897)
 The War of the Worlds (1898)
 The First Men in the Moon (1901)

Utopian books 
A Modern Utopia (1905)
New worlds for Old (1908)
The World Set Free (1914)
The Shape of Things to Come (1933)
Guide for the New World (1941)
Mind at the End of its Tether (1945)

Novels 
Love and Mr Lewisham (1900)
Kipps (1905)
Ann Veronica (1909)
The history of Mr Polly (1910)

References 

1866 births
1946 deaths
English novelists
Writers from Kent
Landseer (Continental-European type)

The Landseer (Continental-European type) is a dog breed.

Dog breeds
Grampian

Grampian was a government region in north east Scotland. It was named after the Grampian mountains which start in this region.

The capital city of the region was Aberdeen.

The region was created in 1974. It was removed in 1995 because local government in Scotland was  made simpler.

Scottish Council Areas
Scottish Borders

Scottish Borders is a council area (region) in south Scotland. Its name is because it is on the border with England.

The name is usually shortened to    " the Borders".

It is made up of the counties of :-

 Berwickshire
 Peeblesshire
 Selkirkshire

The main town of the region is Newtown St Boswells.

Scottish Council Areas
Central Region, Scotland

Central was a government region in central Scotland between 1974 and 1995. After local government in Scotland was made simpler, it was replaced with smaller areas.

Scottish Council Areas
Dumfries and Galloway

Dumfries and Galloway is a council area in south west Scotland. In takes in three counties:

 Dumfriesshire
 Kirkcudbrightshire
 Wigtownshire

The main and biggest town of the region is Dumfries. Dumfries is 60 miles south of Edinburgh, the capital of Scotland.

Scottish Council Areas
Highland (council area)

The Highland Council Area is a local government region in north Scotland.  It covers most of the area which people call the Scottish Highlands.
Lothian

Lothian was a region on the east coast of Scotland.

Scottish Council Areas
Tayside

Tayside was a government region on the east coast of Scotland. It was named after the River Tay. The capital city of the region was Dundee.

The region was created in 1974. It was removed in 1995 because local government in Scotland was made simpler.

References 
Scottish Council Areas
George VI

George VI (14 December 1895 – 6 February 1952) was born Albert Frederick Arthur George Windsor. He was the king (monarch) of the United Kingdom from 11 December 1936 until he died. He became king when his older brother, Edward VIII, abdicated (resigned) in 1936 to marry Wallis Simpson. George was married to Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon from 1923 until his death.

He was succeeded as monarch by his elder daughter, Elizabeth.

George had a speech problem, a stutter. This made it very difficult for him to carry out many of the public duties of a king which required him to make speeches. He was treated by an Australian speech and language therapist called Lionel Logue. The story of this part of George's life was made into a movie in 2010 called The King's Speech. Colin Firth played the role of George, and Geoffrey Rush played the role of Logue.

George became a very popular king throughout the British Empire. He won admiration during World War II (19391945), in which he stayed at Buckingham Palace during the most intense months of the Blitz. The Palace was bombed more than twice but he still remained, becoming a symbol of resistance and "fighting spirit". He  enjoyed a close working relationship with his wartime Prime Minister Winston Churchill, inviting him to join the Royal Family on Victory in Europe Day (1945) to celebrate the defeat of the Nazis.

A heavy smoker, George died of lung cancer and was given a state funeral. He was fifty-six years old.

British Prime Ministers
 Stanley Baldwin (1935–1937)
 Neville Chamberlain (1937–1940)
 Winston Churchill (first term, 1940–1945)
 Clement Attlee (1945–1951)
 Winston Churchill (second term, 1951–1952)

Family 
George VI was the son of King George V and Queen Mary. He was the younger brother of Edward VIII, who gave up the throne to marry an American, Wallis Simpson. In 1923, George married his beloved wife Elizabeth, who later became known as Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother. They had two children, Princesses Elizabeth (later Elizabeth II) and Margaret (19302002).

Death and funeral 
George VI died in 1952. Crowds began to gather in London in the early hours of the morning of the funeral. Thousands saw the event on television. Shortly after 9:00 am, the funeral procession arrived at Westminster Hall. More than 300,000 people paid their respects to his body, which lay in state for three days.

Notes

References

Other websites 
 
 
 

1895 births
1952 deaths
Cancer deaths in England
Deaths from lung cancer
English Anglicans
English royalty
House of Windsor
Kings and Queens of the United Kingdom
People from Norfolk
Elizabeth II
Asia Minor

Asia Minor, a peninsula also called Anatolia (from the Ancient Greek: 'Άνατολή),  (Turkish: Anadolu), comprises the Asian part of modern Turkey.

Asia Minor is 750,000 square kilometers (290,000 square miles). Most of Asia Minor is a plateau averaging 1,000 meters (3,000 feet) above sea level. The climate is continental and semi-arid in the interior, temperate along the north coast, and subtropical along the south and west coasts. Most people there today speak Turkish. The seas surrounding Asia Minor are the Black Sea, the Aegean Sea and the Mediterranean Sea. Because Asia Minor is between Christian Europe and Asia, many different cultures have lived there. Remnants (small parts) of these cultures are there today.

Many great historical peoples, like the Hittites, Lydians, Greeks, Persians, Armenians, Romans, Goths, Minoans, Byzantines and Turks, have lived in or occupied Asia Minor. The Roman Empire had a province called Asia, also called Phrygia. Later people started to call the entire continent Asia, so the peninsula Asia was called Asia Minor (little Asia). 

Troy is one of many famous cities that were in Asia Minor long ago. 

Middle East
Peninsulas
Science Olympiad

The Science Olympiad is a nationwide event in the United States that tests students' knowledge in science and technology. It started in 1982, and takes place every year.

Science Olympiad consists of twenty three events testing students in middle and high school on different science topics, such as astronomy and chemistry.

Science
Competitions
Events in the United States
1982 establishments in the United States
Bookstore

A bookstore is a store that sells books, and where people can buy them. A used bookstore or second-hand bookshop sells and often buys used books.

Books
Shops
Lemonade

Lemonade is a drink made with water, lemons or lemon juice, and sugar. 

There are two main types: cloudy, and clear, each known simply as "lemonade" in their home countries. Cloudy lemonade, generally found in North America and India, is a traditionally homemade drink made with lemon juice, water, and sweetened with cane sugar or honey. Clear lemonade is a lemon, or lemon-lime flavored, carbonated soft drink. This type is common in the United Kingdom, Ireland, Australia, and New Zealand.

To make 8 cups of lemonade, mix the juice of 8 freshly squeezed lemons with 1/2 a cup of sugar and 5 cups of water and serve over ice cubes. A diced (cut up) lemon or lime can also be added to mixture. The sugar is sometimes replaced by maple syrup.

Pink lemonade can be made by adding some grenadine or another red juice, or using pink lemons. Some pink lemonades are lightly carbonated, including French brand Lorina lemonade.

In the United Kingdom, Australia, Switzerland, and New Zealand, the term 'lemonade' refers to a clear, carbonated, sweet lemon-flavored soft drink. In India it is commonly referred to as 'Nimbu paani' meaning "lemon water" or 'Shikanji'. It is sold by street vendors, especially in North India.

Lemonade stands are a small shops made by kids especially in the U.S. Children sell it to adults to learn the basics of business and to earn some money.

References 

Drinks
Southend-on-Sea

Southend-on-Sea is town and unitary authority borough in the East of England. It is a seaside resort in the south-eastern corner of the county of Essex. It has a pier which is one of the longest in the world. The pier is 2,158 meters (1.34 miles) long. A railway line runs along the pier. The pier has been badly damaged by fires four times in fifty years, in 1959, 1976, 1993 and 2005. Near the pier there are arcades, casinos and a theme park called Adventure Island.

Other websites 
 Southend Pier

Essex boroughs
Towns in Essex
Diana Ross

Diana Ross is a famous American soul and pop singer. She was born in 1944 in Detroit, Michigan. Ross worked as a secretary for Motown Records in Detroit. She first became successful with a Motown group as The Supremes. The Supremes were the most successful act on Motown in the 1960s. They sold millions of albums and made it possible for other African American musical acts to become famous with international audiences.

Diana Ross had a successful solo career from the 1970s on. She is a high-paid concert performer. She also starred in three movies: Lady Sings The Blues, the story of the blues singer Billie Holiday; Mahogany, a story about a fashion designer; and The Wiz, an African-American version of the book The Wonderful Wizard of Oz.

Personal life
Ross has five children and two grandchildren.

Other websites

1944 births
African American actors
African-American singers
 
Living people
People from Bessemer, Alabama
Singers from Alabama
Actors from Alabama
Actors from Detroit, Michigan
Singers from Detroit, Michigan
Enid Blyton

Enid Blyton (11 August 1897 – 28 November 1968) was an English author. She was born in Dulwich, South London, England. She was one of the world's most famous children's writers. She is also one of the most prolific authors of all time. (This means that she wrote a great number of books.) Her most famous stories are the Famous Five stories, about a group of four children (Dick, Julian, Anne, and Georgina, who wanted to be called George) and their dog (Timmy) who have many adventures, and her Noddy books for small children.

Her parents wanted her to become a concert pianist (someone who plays the piano), but Enid wanted to be a teacher. Her parents agreed to let her train as a teacher. She began teaching in 1919 in Kent, not far from where she grew up in Beckenham.

As a child and teenager her main interest had been writing poems, stories and other items. She had sent many of them to magazines but had never had any published. As she worked as a teacher she began to have her articles, about children and education printed in a magazine called  Teachers' World. Her first book, called Child Whispers came out in 1922. It was a book of her poems with illustrations (drawings).

She was married soon after. She left teaching and began to have more success with her books. She wrote in and was the editor of magazine for children called Sunny Stories.  The stories she wrote for this magazine were so popular that the magazine was then called Enid Blyton's Sunny Stories. The magazine came out every two weeks. Many of Enid's most famous books were first printed in this magazine in parts.

Enid Blyton has been in The Guinness Book of Records as one of the world's biggest selling writers. She is also included because she wrote more books than almost any other writer (about 700). Her books were published in many different languages. She said that she found writing them easy. In the last few years of her life she had a disease which damaged her mind, called presenile dementia. Her books still sell in large numbers, and used to be owned by her family. A few years ago her family sold them, and now her works belong to a private company.

Enid Blyton did a lot of work for charity and had a club for children which helped them to give money to charity. She was married twice and had two daughters. She died of Alzheimer's disease in Hampstead, London.

Books: Enid Blyton: a biography (1974). The official biography, telling the story of Enid Blyton's life

Other websites 

The Enid Blyton Society
EnidBlyton.net
Heather's Blyton Pages 
Enid Blyton Collectors' and Enthusiasts' Guide to First Editions

1897 births
1968 deaths
British children's writers
Deaths from Alzheimer's disease
Disease-related deaths in London
Writers from London
Dragon

A dragon is a snake-like legendary creature, belonging to mythology and fantasy. There are stories about dragons in Chinese culture, European culture, South American culture, and many others.

There are many kinds of dragons in the different cultures. In general:
 A dragon has none to four legs, claws, scales, spikes or optional wings.
 A dragon can look like a reptile.
 Some dragons can be heard about in stories, (e.g) George and the Dragon.
 Some dragons prefer to nest.
 The Chinese dragon is associated with the emperor of China so it can use the symbol of the imperial power.
 Some dragons live in Western European and Eastern Asia.
 Some dragons prefer to be in caves.

Dragons feature in many stories such as; The Hobbit, Beowulf, How To Train Your Dragon and Harry Potter. In The Hobbit and Beowulf, dragons are dangerous and attack humans. Other stories, such as those by Anne McCaffrey, have dragons who are looking for help, or giving help. A dragon also appears in the Book of Revelation chapters 12-13, where he is seen as the Devil.

Other websites
Dragons Across Cultures at Draconika

Legendary creatures
Inertia

Inertia is the resistance of the object to any change in its motion, including a change in direction. An object will stay still or keep moving at the same speed and in a straight line, unless it is acted upon by an external unbalanced force.

For example, a rubber ball will not start bouncing around unless someone picks it up and throws it. Basically, if an object is not moving, it will not start moving unless something else acts upon it. The same idea can be applied to motion: an object in motion will stay in motion unless some outside, opposing force acts upon it. Inertia is also called Sir Isaac Newton's First Law of Motion. The First Law of Motion says that:
	
Every body perseveres in its state of being at rest or of moving uniformly straight ahead, except insofar as it is compelled to change its state by forces impressed. [Cohen & Whitman 1999 translation]
	
This basically means:
Every object stays at rest or stays moving at the same speed unless something makes it change.Johannes Kepler gave inertia its name in Epitome Astronomiae Copernicanae (published in three parts from 1617–1621)

Albert Einstein developed the idea of Special Relativity based on Galileo's statement that it is impossible to tell the difference between a moving object and a stationary one without some outside reference to compare it against.

Related pages	
Moment of inertia
Newton's laws of motion
	

	
Mechanics	
Basic physics ideas
York

York is a historic walled city in North Yorkshire, England. The Romans called it Eboracum, and the Vikings called it Jorvik.

History
The city has been important in many political events in its two millennia of existence. The city offers many historical attractions, of which York Minster is the most well-known. There are many cultural and sporting activities making it a popular tourist destination for millions.  

The city was founded by the Romans as in 71 AD. It was later the capital of the kingdoms of Northumbria and Jorvik. In the Middle Ages, York grew as a major wool trading centre and became the capital of the northern province of the Church of England, a role it still has. About 130,000 people live in York. It was the traditional county town of Yorkshire but it is no longer. It is now a unitary authority.

The centre of York is medieval. It has famous old streets and a cathedral called York Minster. To the west of York is Leeds, Wetherby and Harrogate.  To the south of York is Selby to the north of York is Easingwold and to the east of York is Scarborough.

Archbishop of York
York is home to the Archbishop of York, a high-ranking cleric in the Church of England who is second only to the Archbishop of Canterbury. The current Archbishop of York is Stephen Cottrell, who has held the post since July 2020.

Gallery

Unitary authorities
North Yorkshire

North Yorkshire is a large county in the region called Yorkshire and the Humber in the north of England.

North Yorkshire was part of one bigger county called Yorkshire. The three parts of Yorkshire used to be called the West Riding, the East Riding, and the North Riding. in 1974, the boundaries and names changed. The "North Riding" changed to "North Yorkshire". The other main parts of Yorkshire are now South Yorkshire, West Yorkshire, and the East Riding of Yorkshire.

The largest city in North Yorkshire is York. York is now (since 1996) a unitary authority, it is not officially part of North Yorkshire.

North Yorkshire is the largest county in England. It has several towns. It also has many open green areas and hills, so two of the 11 UK national parks (the North York Moors and most of the Yorkshire Dales) are in North Yorkshire.

Ceremonial counties of England
 
1974 establishments in England
Paper Mario: The Thousand-Year Door

Paper Mario: The Thousand-Year Door (or, as it is nicknamed, Paper Mario 2) is a Nintendo GameCube role-playing game released in 2004. It won the IGN.com award for best RPG game of the year. It uses the setting of Nintendo's Mario games.

Plot 
Princess Peach finds a map in an old town filled with crime. Mario sets off to the town of Rogueport, where he finds the Crystal Stars. There is a door deep in the sewers of Rogueport (the Thousand-Year Door) which will open if all the crystal stars are collected. It is said that a demonic spirit rests behind the door. The X-Nauts (a group of robot-like people) try to steal all of the crystal stars in order to awaken a evil demon to wipe out the planet so that they can become dictators of the world.
 The last boss of the game is the Shadow Queen who possesses (takes over) Princess Peach.
 Three shadows (The Shadow Sirens) are somehow related to the demon.

Reviews

The game had good reviews.

References

Nintendo GameCube games
Nintendo DS games
2004 video games
Mario roleplaying games
Nintendo GameCube-only games
Virtual Console games
Nickname

A nickname is a special name that a person may be called that is different from their real name or from their birth name.  It is not a legal thing; it is a social thing.  The name may be given to them by their friends or family.  It may be like the person's real name or completely different.  Nicknames often come from how a person looks, or from something they are especially known for doing.  They can also be a shortened version of the given name.

Nicknames can also be unkind and rude, and used by people who dislike the person given the nickname.  Often famous people are given nicknames by the writers of newspapers or other people in the media, such as TV. In Thailand, people are often given nicknames based on how they look. For example, someone can be called ผู้ชายสูง (phuchay sung) meaning being tall. Nicknames can also be given to people in countries. For example, people from the United States are sometimes called Yankees. Nicknames can also be given to tribes. For example, the Dhulbahante tribe are often called reer Darawiish. That's because the former anti-colonial Dervish state was a Dhulbahante state.

References

Names
Jumanji

Jumanji is a 1995 movie starring Robin Williams, which was based loosely on a 1982 children's book of the same name by Chris Van Allsburg. It is about a boy who gets trapped in a game for 30 years, and must finish playing the game when he gets out. Other stars include Kirsten Dunst, David Alan Grier, Bonnie Hunt, Bradley Pierce, Jonathan Hyde, and Bebe Neuwirth. In the "Flying Hunter Van Pelt" scene, Roland D-50's PN-D50-02 patch "Fast Forward" was heard.

The game in the movie (titled Jumanji) has been made into a real game.

Release Dates

3-D Version

1995 movies
Jumanji
Movies based on books
English-language movies
Neopets

Neopets is a website that lets its users create virtual pets, and take care of them. The site was created on November 15 1999, and has hundreds of millions of users.  The website is owned by Jumpstart.  Most of the pets that the user can create are not real animals, but are based upon real animals.  Neopets has story plots, chat boards, and different things that users can do with their neopets. Many people of many different ages join Neopets. The site has many games that the user can play.  Neopets has a help section to find answers to many of the questions that users may have. The games length varies from a minute or less to saveable games like neoquest that take more than 10 hours total to complete.

Pets

A person can make a pet and then feed it by playing games and getting money, or by visiting places to get free food once they have less than 3000 np (Neopoints). They can get items and clothes for their pets. They can get special items called paint brushes which change the color of the pet to a different special color

once you turn thirteen, you may Customize your web page... and get new stuff

Default avatars
Default avatars are the easiest type of avatar to get. Once a person creates an account on Neopets, they get to use the default avatars without having to do anything. Default avatars are mainly the different pets that can be used on the site and certain faeries.

Clickable avatars
Clickable avatars are the second easiest avatar to get. To earn a Clickable, the user must go to a certain place on the site. Once the user has gone to that page, they get a message that says they can use that avatar.

Avatars that are earned
Many avatars have to be earned. These are the avatars that people want most. These avatars are the hardest to get. These avatars may be gotten in many different ways. For example, getting a certain score in a game, buying a specific item, looking up a pet, refreshing, or getting a set amount of "Neopoints (money) used on the site).

Fan sites
There are many websites created by Neopet users to help other players. These sites help with information about how to play games and how to get avatars. There are also many sites for users to find ways to change the look of the pages that tell about themselves and their pets.

References

Other websites 
 Neopets home page

Online games
Entertainment websites