cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
1984 United States presidential election

The 1984 United States presidential election happened on November 6, 1984. Ronald Reagan, the incumbent president and Republican candidate, won the election. He defeated Walter Mondale, the Democratic candidate, who was the vice president of Jimmy Carter.

During the debates, Mondale criticized Ronald Reagan's idea (called Strategic Defense Initiative) to build a missile defense system and also criticized him for making the government borrow too much money.

The bad economy of 1982 ended, and the economy recovered very quickly.  During the election, the economy was the greatest it had been in many years.  Ronald Reagan called it "Morning In America".

Ronald Reagan won the election by a huge landslide (winning 49 out of 50 states).

This election received the highest electoral votes towards any presidential nominee in American history. It is the lowest electoral vote for a Democratic nominee and the highest for a Republican to date.

Candidates

Republican Party
 Ronald Reagan, President of the United States from California
 Harold Stassen, former governor of Minnesota
 Ben Fernandez, former Special Ambassador to Paraguay from California

Candidates gallery

Democratic Party
Walter Mondale, former U.S. vice president and former U.S. senator from Minnesota
Gary Hart, U.S. senator from Colorado
Jesse Jackson, reverend and civil rights activist from Illinois
John Glenn, U.S. senator from Ohio
George McGovern, former U.S. senator and 1972 Democratic nominee from South Dakota 
Reubin Askew, former Governor of Florida
Joe Biden, U.S. senator from Delaware
Alan Cranston, U.S. senator from California
Ernest Hollings, U.S. senator from South Carolina

Candidates gallery

References

1984 in the United States
1984 elections
Ronald Reagan
1984
Kofun period

The  is a time in the history of Japan from around 250 to about 538.   This grouping of years is named after the type of Imperial burial mounds called kofun which were raised in central Japan.

The Kofun period and the Asuka period are sometimes considered together as the Yamato period.

Timeline
The word kofun is Japanese for the type of burial mounds dating from this era.
 416: The earliest recorded earthquake in Japan destroyed the Imperial Palace in Kyoto.
 593: Prince Shotoku is regent
 607: First ambassadors from Japan are sent to China

References

Other websites

 Metropolitan Museum of Art, Kofun period
 British Museum,  Kofun period 
 Japan-guide.com,  Early Japan

Periods in Japanese history
250s establishments
3rd-century establishments in Asia
538 disestablishments
Establishments in Japan
Disestablishments in Japan
Pico de gallo

Pico de gallo (known in Mexico as Salsa fresca) is a Mexican  that is often placed on tacos or tostadas.  It is made with onions, serrano peppers, tomatoes, cilantro and lime juice. There are variations of this garnish such as ones with avocado, nopales (cactus), etc.

Mexican sauces
Lighter

A lighter is a tool that can produce a flame, on demand. It is made of a plastic or metal container, which contains a flammable liquid or gas. There is also a means of producing the flame, and extinguishing it, when it is no longer needed.

One of the first lighters was developed by the German chemist Johann Wolfgang Döbereiner in 1823. The lighter was produced until around 1880. The lighter was named Döbereiner's lamp.

There is often an electric cigarette lighter in cars. When the lighter button is pushed in, a metal heating element is connected to the car's 12 volt electricity supply, and it heats up to a high temperature. The lighter is then removed from the socket and the element is used to light the tip of a cigarette. The socket that the lighter goes in can also be used to power mobile phones and other electronics, and the term "cigarette lighter" is now commonly used to refer to this type of connector even when not being used to light a cigarette.

Related pages
 match

References 

Light
Bridgit Mendler

Bridgit Claire Mendler (born December 18, 1992) is an American actor and singer. She was born in Washington, D.C. and moved to Mill Valley, California at age eight. She acted in the movie Alvin and the Chipmunks 2. She played Pamela in Alice Upside Down in 2007, and Kristen Gregory in the movie version of The Clique. She also guest starred in Disney Channel Original Series' JONAS  and played Juliet Van Heusen on Wizards of Waverly Place. She plays Teddy Duncan in the Disney Channel Original Series Good Luck Charlie" and she also played Olivia White on Lemonade Mouth.''

References

Other websites

1992 births
Living people
Actors from Marin County, California
Actors from Washington, D.C.
American child actors
American child singers
American movie actors
American R&B singers
American pop singers
American television actors
Singers from California
Singers from Washington, D.C.
Shake-table

Shake-table in earthquake engineering is a very effective experimental equipment to verify seismic performance associated with the direct damage to individual buildings or their models under specified ground shaking. The best way to do it is to put a structure on a shake-table that simulates the earth shaking and to watch what may happen next (if you have no time to stand out in the field and wait for a real earthquake to strike). The earliest shake-table experiments were performed more than a century ago

Other websites
Earthquake vibration control videos

Notes

Earthquake engineering
Modeling
Research
Chiniot District

Chiniot District () is a city in the Punjab province of Pakistan. It is on left bank of the Chenab River on the Sargodha to Faisalabad road. About 1.5 milion people live there. Chiniot is at latitude 31.7200 and longitude 72.9789.

Chiniot is on the bank of River Chenab, and is famous for its furniture industry, and it sells furniture to other places. Its workers are very good at woodwork.

Districts of Punjab (Pakistan)
Faisalabad Division
Spyware removal software

As spyware has turned into a worse threat, a number of ways to get rid of spyware have been used to remove it. These include programs designed to remove or to block spyware, as well as various user practices which reduce the chance of getting spyware on a system.
Nonetheless, spyware remains a costly problem. When a large number of pieces of spyware have infected a Windows computer, the only way to get rid of them may involve backing up user data, and fully reinstalling the operating system. For instance, some versions of Vundo cannot be completely removed by Microsoft, PC Tools, Symantec and others because it infects Internet Explorer, and Windows' lsass.exe (Local Security Authority Subsystem Service) with a randomly-filenamed dynamic link library (or dll). These can be very helpful.

Spyware

en:Spyware#Remedies and prevention
Thul Taluka

Thul  is an administrative subdivision of Jacobabad District in the Sindh province of Pakistan. The subdivision is administratively divided into 19 Union Councils, two of which form the capital, Thul.

References 

Talukas of Sindh
Jacobabad District
Kamakura, Kanagawa

is a city in Kanagawa, Japan. It is about  south of Tokyo.  It was the functioning capital of Japan during the Kamakura period (1203-1333).

In 1250, Kamakura was the 4th largest city in the world with 200,000 people.  The other two large cities in Japan at this time were Kyoto and Nara.

Kamakura was made a municipality on November 3, 1939.  

Today, Kamakura is famous as an upper-class area for people to live. This is because of the history and because it is close to the mountains and the sea.

History
 1192 (Kenkyū 3, 12th day of the 7th month): Kamakura Shogunate founded by Minamoto no Yoritomo

 1252 (Kenchō 4): Large bronze statue of Buddha is completed.

 1293 (Einin 1, 4th month): A severe earthquake; fatalities in Kamakura were estimated to be 10,000 people.

 1923 (Taishō 12): Sagami Bay was the center of the Great Kantō earthquake. The disaster caused widespread damage in the region.  Fatalities in Kamakura were more than 2,000 victims.

Tourism
Kamakura has many Buddhist temples.  The huge outdoor bronze statue of Buddha at Kamakura is world famous. 

The city has many Shinto shrines, including 
 Tsurugaoka Hachiman-gū Shinto shrine

Tsurugaoka Hachimangu Shrine is one of the three major Hachimangu located in Kamakura. It is the most popular spot in Kamakura, especially, Yabusame in September is very famous. Tsurugaoka Hachimangu was built in 1063 and became the capital and center of Kamakura Government established by Minamoto no Yoritomo. Turugaoka Hachiman-gu has many beautiful maple and ginkgo trees. In autumn, the vew at this shrine is nice. In June, hydrangeas grow. Many temples have beautiful gardens of hydrangeas. The Hase temple is the most well-known of these temples.

Sister cities
Kamakura has international sister cities. 
 Nice in France
 Dunhuang in the People's Republic of China

References

Other websites 

 Rudyard Kipling poem, "The Buddha at Kamakura", 1892
 Official web site 
 Kamakura's Daibutsu 
 Kamakura's History - Chronological table 
 
 

Cities in Kanagawa Prefecture
1192 establishments
1190s establishments in Japan
Mass versus weight

In the physical sciences, mass and weight are different. The mass of an object is a measure of the amount of matter in the object. Weight is a measure of the force on the object caused by a gravitational field. In other words, weight is how hard gravity pulls on an object. This means the mass of an object will remain at wherever it is on the earth's surface, but if it is moved from the equator to the North Pole, its weight will grow by 0.5% because of the increase in the earth's gravitational field.

Mass is measured in kilograms or pounds. A one-liter volume of water has a mass of one kilogram. Weight is measured in newtons, the standard unit for force. A one-kilogram mass placed on  a bench presses down on the bench with almost ten newtons of force.

Overview
The weight of something is the value measured at the Earth's surface. Unfortunately the common terms used to describe the weight of an object are units of mass such as kilograms or pounds. For almost all of human history weight has been measured on the surface of the Earth. Here, the weight is proportional to the mass. Objects which have the same mass have the same weight. An object with the twice the mass of another will also have twice the weight. As a consequence it is common practice to use the two words, mass and weight, as if they mean the same thing, and to use kilograms or pounds as the units for both mass and weight. Using the same terms to describe and measure the two different properties has led to confusion between these two properties, mass and weight. Mass and weight are not the same thing.

Generally, mass refers to how "heavy" something is. However, mass is really an inertial property; that is, the tendency of an object to remain at constant velocity unless acted upon by an outside force. According to Newton's second law of motion, as expressed in the formula an object with a mass, m, of one kilogram will accelerate, a, at one meter per second per second (about one-tenth the acceleration due to Earth's gravity) when acted upon by a force, F, of one newton.

Feeling the difference
It is possible to feel the difference between weight and mass by suspending an object with a mass of over ten kilograms on a rope with a length of two or more meters. If a person pushes upwards against the underneath of the object with one finger they will feel the weight of the object. If they push momentarily against the side of the suspended object with one finger they will feel the mass of the object. (It is important that they do not push the object sideways far enough to begin to raise it.)

Matter
Physics
Microsoft Security Essentials

Microsoft Security Essentials (MSE) is a free antivirus software created by Microsoft that provides protection against computer viruses, rootkits, spywares, and trojans for Windows XP. MSE x86 (32-bit) replaces Windows Live OneCare, a commercial subscription-based antivirus service and the free Windows Defender, which only protected users from adware and spyware. It is geared for consumer use, unlike Microsoft's upcoming enterprise-oriented product Microsoft Forefront.

Related pages
 Microsoft

Other websites 
 

Microsoft software
Antivirus software
Down by Law (band)

Down By Law is a punk rock band made in or around 1990. Frontman Dave Smalley of "Dag Nasty" fame teamed up with the members of "Chemical People" for their first album and went through many changes all around over the years. Starting on Epitaph records with their first self called LP, DBL continued on Epitaph until "Last of the Sharpshooters" in 1997. A brief stint on Go Kart Records saw the release of "Fly the Flag", and now with their newest release of "Windward Tides and Wayward Sails" in 2003 finds them on Union Label Group.

1990s American music groups
2000s American music groups
2010s American music groups
American punk bands
Musical groups from Los Angeles
Wisdom teeth

Wisdom teeth are a set of four teeth, farthest back in a person's mouth. Most people get them late in their teenage years or in their early twenties.  Many people have to have surgery to get rid of them because they often grow in a crooked way.

References

Teeth

tr:Diş#Yirmi yaş dişleri
Sebastián Piñera

Miguel Juan Sebastián Piñera Echenique; born December 1, 1949) is the President of Chile since 2018. He previously served as President of Chile from 2010 to 2014. He was elected once again in the 2017 presidential election. 

He won the second round of the presidential election that took place on January 17, 2010, and subsequently took office on March 11, 2010. He is a well-known economist, investor, businessperson, politician, former Senator, and leader of the presidential and parliamentary electoral coalition Coalition for Change. He is a billionaire and one of the richest people in Chile.

Presidential Elections 2009–2010
Piñera ran for President of Chile in the 2009-2010 election. Since August 2009, he led in opinion polls, competing with Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle, Marco Enríquez-Ominami and Jorge Arrate; all of whom are left-of-center candidates. In the election of December 13, 2009, Piñera placed first in the results by obtaining 44.05 % of the votes, while Frei placed second by obtaining 29.6 % of the votes. Since neither candidate received more than half of the total votes, Chileans returned to the polls for a final run-off election on Sunday, January 17, 2010.

In popular culture 
Actor Bob Gunton portrays Piñera in the 2015 movie The 33, which is about the 2006 Copiapó mining accident.

References

Relating page
2019 Chilean protests

1949 births
Living people
Chilean politicians
Current national leaders
Presidents of Chile
Chilean businesspeople
Billionaires
People from Santiago
Kamakura period

The   is a time in the Japanese history from 1185 through 1333 in the history of Japan.  This grouping of years is named after city of Kamakura which was the center of power of the Kamakura shogunate.

The government of shoguns which was functionally established in 1192 by Minamoto no Yoritomo.

The Kamakura period ended in 1333 with the destruction of the shogunate. Imperial rule was re-established under Emperor Go-Daigo.

Mongol Invasions of Japan (1274, 1281) also happened in this period.

Flourishing of Buddhism
Buddhism expanded during this period. A number of monks founded separate Buddhist sects, including
• Hōnen, founder of the Jōdo shū sect
• Shinran, disciple of Hōnen; founder of Jōdo Shinshū
• Ippen, founder of the Ji sect
• Dōgen, founder of the Sōtō school of Zen
• Eisai, founder of the Rinzai school of Zen
• Nichiren, founder of the sect of Buddhism named after him

The older Buddhist sects such as Shingon and Tendai continued to thrive.

Timeline 
 1185 (Genryaku 2, 24th day of the 3rd month): Taira clan (Heike) defeated at sea by Minamoto Yoshitsune
 1191 (Kenkyū 2): Esai establishes Zen in Japan
 1192 (Kenkyū 3): Minamoto Yoritomo  appointed as shogun
 1207 (Ken'ei 1): Hōnen and his followers are exiled
 1221 (Jōkyū 3): In the , Emperor Go-Toba tried to take power from the Kamakura shogunate. The effort did not succeed.
 1252 (Kenchō 2): Great Buddha of Kamakura was put in place at Kōtoku-in.
 November 19, 1274 (Bun'ei 11, 20th day of the 10th month): Kublai Khan sent a fleet and an army to invade Japan;  or the "Bun'ei War".
 1281 (Kōan 4):  or the "Kōan War".
 1293 (Einin 1):  Disastrous  earthquake and tsunami hit Sagami Bay and Kamakura, killing 23,034 people.
 1333 (Genkō 3): Nitta Yoshisada destroys the Kamakura shogunate in the .

Gallery

Related pages 
 List of Japanese eras

References

Other websites 

 Metropolitan Museum of Art,  Kamakura and Nanbokucho Periods (1185–1392)
 British Museum, Kamakura period (AD 1185-1333) 
 Japan-guide.com,  Kamakura Period (1192 - 1333)

Periods in Japanese history
Samurai
12th-century establishments in Japan
1330s disestablishments in Japan
1333 disestablishments
1185 establishments
Modulation

Modulation can mean:

 Modulation (music), the changing of a piece of music from one key to another.
 Frequency Modulation (FM) or Amplitude Modulation (AM), ways to send analog radio signals.
 Phase-shift keying and frequency-shift keying, ways to send digital signals.
American Football Conference

The American Football Conference (AFC) is one of the two conferences of the National Football League (NFL), the other being the National Football Conference (NFC). Every year, the winner of the AFC Championship Game receives the Lamar Hunt Trophy and gets to play against the winner of the NFC Championship Game in the Super Bowl. As of 2010, the Pittsburgh Steelers, who have won the AFC Championship Game seven times, have won the most AFC Championship Games. The most recent champion is the Kansas City Chiefs. 

National Football League
Tuned mass damper

After seismic waves make a structure vibrate, a tuned mass damper (or seismic damper) can decrease their damaging effect and improve the building's seismic performance. Vehicles use small dampers and buildings use large ones. Some examples of dampers' design and implementation are presented in the images below:

Related pages
Seismic Dampers 
Seismic vibration control

References

Earthquake engineering
Nelsinho Baptista

Nelsinho Baptista (born 22 July 1950) is a Brazilian football manager. He manages for Kashiwa Reysol.

References
sambafoot 
Kashiwa Reysol 

1950 births
Living people
Brazilian footballers
Cesare Prandelli

Cesare Prandelli (born 19 August 1957) is a former Italian football player. He has played for some Italian clubs (e.g. Atalanta, Juventus). He manages for Fiorentina.

1957 births
Living people
Italian footballers
Italian football managers
Gerhard Domagk

Gerhard Johannes Paul Domagk  (October 30 1895 — April 24 1964) was a German doctor. He won the 1939 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine,  for discovering the antibacterial effect of protonsil.

References

1895 births
1964 deaths

German doctors
German Nobel Prize winners
Tomoyoshi Ikeya

is a Japanese professional athlete.  He is best known as an association football player and coach.

References

Other websites
  Roasso Komamoto at J-League.or.jp 

1962 births
Living people
Footballers from Shizuoka Prefecture
Henrik Dam

Carl Peter Henrik Dam  (February 21 1895 — April 17 1976) was a Danish chemist. He won the 1943 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine,  along with Edward Doisy,  for the discovery of Vitamin K.

References 

1895 births
1976 deaths

Danish chemists
Biochemists
Danish Nobel Prize winners
Josip Kuže

Josip Kuže (13 November 1952 – 16 June 2013) was a Croatian football manager. He manages for Albania national team.

References

1952 births
2013 deaths
Croatian footballers
Park Kyung-Hwan

Park Kyung-Hwan (박경환 born 29 December 1976) is a South Korean professional athlete.  He is best known as an association football player.

Club career statistics 

|-
|1998||Bellmare Hiratsuka||J. League Division 1||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|}

References

Other websites
 http://people.nate.com/people/info/pa/rk/parkkyunghwan/ 

1976 births
Living people
South Korean footballers
Smoke grenade

A smoke bomb or smoke grenade is a bomb that produces a cloud of smoke. It can be used as a toy to make large clouds of colored smoke. It is normally used in the military though. Smoke bombs are used to hide positions and objects from sight behind a thick cloud of smoke. Armies also use smoke grenades to hide soldiers from the enemy. Smoke grenades can be used to mark a spot on the ground (for example, a spot where you want a helicopter to land). Smoke bombs can be thrown or shot. They normally contain a powdered chemical that is ignited. It produces a large cloud of smoke quickly. Then something else starts burning, keeping the smoke cloud thick.

Related pages
Grenade
Bomb

Toys
Weapons
Law enforcement equipment
Kōan (Kamakura period)

was a  after Kenji and before Shōō.  This period started in February 1278 and ended in April 1288. During this time, the emperor|emperors were  and .

Events of the Kōan era
 1281 (Kōan 4): Second invasion attempt by Mongol forces. This is called the Kōan War (Kōan no Eki).

 1297 (Kōan 10, 10th month): In the 14th year of Go-Uda's reign, the emperor abdicated; and his cousin became the new emperor.

Related pages 
 Kamakura period
 Kōan (Muromachi period), 1361-1362

References

Other websites
 National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar"

 

Japanese eras
1278 establishments
13th-century establishments in Japan
1288 disestablishments
13th-century disestablishments in Japan
Elevated building foundation

Elevated building foundation (EBF) is a kind of seismic base isolation technology which is made a major part of a building superstructure. It is made to protect the building's superstructure against damage from the shaking caused by an earthquake.

This goal can be met with the right building materials, size, and setup of elevated building foundation for the building site and local soil conditions.

As a result of multiple wave reflections and diffractions, as well as energy dissipation of the seismic waves as they move up through the elevated building foundation, any movement of seismic wave energy into the building superstructure will be decreased, which will lower seismic loads and improve seismic performance of the structure.

In other words, the building does not shake as much because it is sitting on the elevated building foundation, and will probably take less damage from the earthquake.

Notes

Earthquake engineering

en:Elevated building foundation
Kenji (era)

was a  which came after Bun'ei and before Kōan.  The period started April 1275 and ended February 1278. During this time, the emperor was .

Events of the Kenji era 
 1275 (Kenji 1): The Mongols sent an ambassador to Kamakura along with the delegation sent from the Goryeo.

Related pages 
 Kamakura period

References

Other websites 
 National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar"

Japanese eras
1270s in Japan
Seismic load

Seismic load is one of the basic concepts of earthquake engineering which means application of an earthquake-generated agitation to a building structure or its model. It happens at contact surfaces of a structure either with the ground, or with adjacent structures, or with gravity waves from tsunami.

Seismic loading depends, primarily, on:

 Anticipated earthquake’s parameters at the site
 Geotechnical parameters of the site
 Building structure’s parameters
 Characteristics of the anticipated gravity waves from tsunami (if applicable).

Sometimes, seismic load exceeds ability of a structure to resist it without being broken, partially or completely. Due to their mutual interaction, seismic loading and seismic performance of a structure are intimately related.

Other websites
Earthquake Performance Evaluation Tool Online

Notes

Earthquake engineering
Bun'ei

was a  after Kōchō and before Kenji.  This period started in February 1264 and ended in April 1275. During this time, the emperors were  and .

Events of the Bun'ei era 

 17 March 1272 (Bun'ei 9, 17th day of the 2nd month): Former Emperor Go-Saga died.

 1274 (Bun'ei 11, 1st month): In the 15th year of Kameyama's reign, the emperor resigned.  

 1274 (Bun'ei 11, 3rd month):  Emperor Go-Uda became the monarch of Japan.  The retired Emperor Kameyama continued to be important and powerful.

 1274 (Bun'ei 11, 10th month): Former Emperor Go-Fukakusa's son Hirohito-shinnō was named Crown Prince and heir to Emperor Go-Uda.  Hirohito and Go-Uda were first cousins.

 19 November 1274 (Bun'ei 11, 20th day of the 10th month): Kublai Khan sent a fleet and an army to invade Japan. Some military forces are landed near Fukuoka in Kyūshū.  However, a storm sank many of the ships.  The major part of the invading army was drowned. The invaders retreated to Korea.  During the brief fighting, the Hakozaki Shrine was burned to the ground.  This 1274 event was called Bun'ei no eki.

Related pages 
 Kamakura period

References

Other websites 
 National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar"

Bun'ei
1260s in Japan
1270s in Japan
Boston Police Strike

The Boston Police Strike happened in Massachusetts during 1919. Over a thousand police officers went on strike. They wanted to  be paid more money. The Governor of Massachusetts, Calvin Coolidge, said it was wrong to "strike against the public safety". Coolidge fired the police officers who went on strike.  He hired veterans from World War I to replace them and gave them same bonuses that the striking policemen asked for to the veterans. This was the event which made Coolidge popular enough to become Vice President of the United States and then President of the United States of America after the death of Harding.

1919 in the United States
20th century in Boston, Massachusetts
Law enforcement in the United States
Protests in the 1910s
Panama City

Panama City is the capital of Panama.  813,097 people live there.  It is now a popular place for elderly people to retire.

National capitals in North America
Cities in Central America
Settlements in Panama
Nobuyuki Uenoyama

Nobuyuki Uenoyama (born 26 May 1957) is a former Japanese football player. He has played for Yanmar Diesel.

References

1957 births
Living people
Footballers from Osaka Prefecture
People from Osaka
Josep María Comadevall

Josep María Comadevall (born 24 November 1983) is a Spanish football player. He plays for Badalona.

References

1983 births
Living people
Spanish footballers
Henk ten Cate

Henk ten Cate (born 9 December 1954) is a former Dutch football player.

Club career statistics

|-
|1979/80||Go Ahead Eagles||Eredivisie||27||4

|-
|1980||Edmonton Drillers||NASL||21||5

|-
|1980/81||rowspan="2"|Go Ahead Eagles||rowspan="2"|Eredivisie||19||3
|-
|1981/82||1||0
|-
|1981/82||Telstar||Eerste Divisie||30||7
|-
|1982/83||rowspan="3"|Go Ahead Eagles||rowspan="3"|Eredivisie||31||10
|-
|1983/84||24||2
|-
|1984/85||30||2
|-
|1985/86||Heracles||Eredivisie||19||1
181||29
21||5
202||34
|}

References

1954 births
Living people
Dutch footballers
Dutch football managers
Sportspeople from Amsterdam
Eredivisie managers
KFC Uerdingen 05 managers
Edson Aparecido de Souza

Edson Aparecido de Souza (born November 29, 1962) is a former Brazilian football player.

Club career statistics

|-
|1986/87||rowspan="4"|Yomiuri||rowspan="4"|JSL Division 1||||||||||||||||
|-
|1987/88||||||||||||||||
|-
|1988/89||||||||||||||||
|-
|1989/90||18||0||||||2||1||20||1
|-
|1990/91||rowspan="4"|Fujita Industries||rowspan="2"|JSL Division 2||30||5||||||1||0||31||5
|-
|1991/92||30||10||||||3||0||33||10
|-
|1992||rowspan="2"|Football League||18||4||||||colspan="2"|-||18||4
|-
|1993||18||4||1||0||4||0||23||4
|-
|1994||rowspan="2"|Bellmare Hiratsuka||rowspan="2"|J. League 1||36||5||5||1||1||0||42||6
|-
|1995||37||4||2||0||colspan="2"|-||39||4
|-
|1997||rowspan="4"|Yokogawa Electric||rowspan="2"|Regional Leagues||||||||||||||||
|-
|1998||||||||||||||||
|-
|1999||rowspan="2"|Football League||23||3||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||23||3
|-
|2000||10||3||1||0||colspan="2"|-||11||3
220||38||9||1||11||1||240||40
220||38||9||1||11||1||240||40
|}

References

1962 births
Living people
Brazilian footballers
Edson Rodrigues

Edson Rodrigues (born March 13, 1967) is a former Brazilian football player.

Club career statistics

|-
|1992||rowspan="3"|Nagoya Grampus Eight||rowspan="3"|J. League 1||colspan="2"|-||||||9||0||9||0
|-
|1993||29||3||3||0||4||0||36||3
|-
|1994||23||1||2||0||0||0||25||1
52||4||5||0||13||0||70||0
52||4||5||0||13||0||70||0
|}

1967 births
Living people
Brazilian footballers
Dan Ito

Dan Ito (born 3 November 1975) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Churchill Brothers.

References
Official blog

1975 births
Living people
Footballers from Hokkaidō Prefecture
Noriyuki Kawamata

Noriyuki Kawamata (born 9 May 1967) is a former Japanese football player. He has played for Hitachi.

Club career statistics

|-
|1990/91||Hitachi||JSL Division 2||0||0||||||0||0||0||0
0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|}

References

1967 births
Living people
Footballers from Saitama Prefecture
Takeshi Satouchi

Takeshi Satouchi (born 11 January 1957) is a former Japanese football player. He has played for Sumitomo Metals.

References
Kawasaki Frontale

1957 births
Living people
Footballers from Shiga Prefecture
Toru Yoshida

is a former Japanese football player.

Club career statistics

|-
|1984||rowspan="8"|Furukawa Electric||rowspan="8"|JSL Division 1||||||||||||||||
|-
|1985/86||||||||||||||||
|-
|1986/87||||||||||||||||
|-
|1987/88||||||||||||||||
|-
|1988/89||||||||||||||||
|-
|1989/90||22||0||||||2||0||24||0
|-
|1990/91||12||0||||||5||0||17||0
|-
|1991/92||3||0||||||1||0||4||0
|-
|1992||rowspan="3"|JEF United Ichihara||rowspan="3"|J. League 1||colspan="2"|-||||||7||0||7||0
|-
|1993||26||0||2||0||5||0||33||0
|-
|1994||17||0||0||0||2||0||19||0
|-
|1995||rowspan="3"|Brummell Sendai||rowspan="3"|Football League||12||0||2||0||colspan="2"|-||14||0
|-
|1996||25||1||2||1||colspan="2"|-||27||2
|-
|1997||9||0||0||0||6||0||15||0
126||1||6||1||28||0||160||2
126||1||6||1||28||0||160||2
|}

References

1965 births
Living people
Footballers from Iwate Prefecture
Matsuichi Yamada

Matsuichi Yamada (born 21 February 1961) is a former Japanese football player. He has played for Honda.

References

1961 births
Living people
Footballers from Shizuoka Prefecture
Motoaki Inukai

Motoaki Inukai (born 5 July 1942) is a former Japanese football player. He has played for Mitsubishi Motors. He is currently the President of Japan Football Association.

References
Japan Football Association

1942 births
Living people
Footballers from Saitama Prefecture
Kōan (Muromachi period)

was a Japanese era name (年号, nengō, lit. year name) of the Northern Court during the Nanboku-chō period after Enbun and before Jōji. The period started in March 1361 and ended in September  1362.  During this time, the pretender in Kyoto was .  Go-Kōgon's Southern Court rival in Yoshino during this time was .

Events of the Kōan era 
 1361 (Kōan 1, 6th month): Snowfall was unusually heavy; and there was also a disastrous fire in Kyoto as well as a violent earthquake.
 1361 (Kōan 1): Eigen-ji was founded. It is a Zen Buddhist temple in what is now Shiga Prefecture.
 1362 (Kōan 2): Hosokawa Kiyouji and Kusunoki Masanori attack Kyoto. Ashikaga Yoshiakira fled.

Southern Court nengō
 Shōhei, 1346–1370

Related pages
 Muromachi period
 Kōan (Kamakura period)

References

Other websites
 National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar"

Japanese eras
1361 establishments
1360s establishments in Japan
1362 disestablishments
1360s disestablishments in Japan
Samarkand

Samarkand  It is the second-largest city in Uzbekistan and the capital of Samarqand Province.

The city is on the old Silk Road between China and the West, and is an Islamic centre for scholarly study. In the 14th century, it became the capital of the empire of Timur (Tamerlane), and is the site of his mausoleum, the Gur-e Amir. The Bibi-Khanym Mosque remains one of the city's most famous landmarks. The Registan was the ancient centre of the city.

Most of the inhabitants of this city are Persian-speaking and speak the Tajik Persian dialect. This city is one of the historical centers of the Tajik people in Central Asia, which in the past was one of the important cities of the great empires of Iran.

In 2001, UNESCO added the 2,750-year-old city to its World Heritage Site list as Samarkand – Crossroads of Cultures.

History 
Samarkand is one of the oldest inhabited cities in the world, prospering from its location on the trade route between China and the Mediterranean (Silk Road). At times Samarkand has been one of the greatest cities of Central Asia.

Started about 700 BC by the Persians, Samarkand has been one of the main centres of Persian civilization from its early days. Maracanda was the ancient Greek name for it Alexander the Great conquered the city in 329 BC.

Medieval history 
At the start of the 8th century, Samarkand came under Arab control. Under Abbasid rule, the legend goes, the secret of papermaking was learned from two Chinese prisoners in 751. This led to the first paper mill in the Islamic world being founded in Samarkand. The invention then spread to the rest of the Islamic world, and from there to Europe.

Samarkand was sacked by the Mongols under Genghis Khan in 1220. Some of the people survived, but later, Samarkand suffered at least one other Mongol attack. The town took many decades to recover from these disasters. In The Travels of Marco Polo, where Polo records his journey along the Silk Road, Samarkand is described as "a very large and splendid city..." He also writes about a Christian church in Samarkand, which miraculously remained standing after a portion of its central supporting column was removed.

In 1370, Timur the Lame, or Tamerlane, decided to make Samarkand the capital of his empire, stretching from India to Turkey. During the next 35 years, he built a new city and populated it with artisans and craftsmen from all of the places he had conquered. Timur gained a reputation as a patron of the arts, and Samarkand grew to have a population of about 150,000.

Modern history
In 1499, the Uzbek Turks took control of Samarkand. They moved the capital to Bukhara and Samarkand went into decline. The city came under Russian rule in 1868. The Russian section of the city was built after this point, largely to the west of the old city.

The city later became the capital of the Samarkand Oblast of Russian Turkestan and grew in importance still further when the Trans-Caspian railway reached the city in 1888. It became the capital of the Uzbek SSR in 1925 before being replaced by Tashkent in 1930.

References 

World Heritage Sites in Asia
Cities in Uzbekistan
Kōchō

was a  after Bun'ō and before Bun'ei.  This  period started in February 1261 and ended in February 1264. During this time, the emperor was .

Events of the  Kōchō era
 1261 (Kōchō 1, 12th day of the 5th month): Nichiren was exiled to Izu Province.
1262 (Kōchō 2, 28th day of the 11th month): Shinran Shonin died at age 90.
 1263 (Kōchō 3, 22nd day of the 2nd month): Nichiren was pardoned.

Related pages 
 Kamakura period

References

Other websites
 National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" 

Japanese eras
1261
1262
1263
1264
1260s in Japan
Arovell Verlag

Arovell Verlag is an Austrian publishing house for modern literature. It was founded in 1991 by the Austrian writer, artist and musician, Paul Jaeg. Today, Jaeg is still the director.

Each year, Arovell prints between ten and twenty new books. Some authors, such as Peter Paul Wiplinger, have already published several books with Arovell, but others use Arovell to publish their first book(s).

Arovell publishes modern literature in the German language. They include short prose, stories and poetry. The covers of all books show a painting by Paul Jaeg.

Arovell also publishes a magazine about literature, music and art, which gives information about new books and public events. The magazine prints sometimes short texts from the books by Arovell.

The publisher organizes literary, musical and artistic events, especially in Upper Austria and Salzburg, but also in Vienna.

Arovell's headquarter is in Gosau in Upper Austria and has branch offices in Vienna and Salzburg.

Published authors (examples)
Hans Dieter Aigner
Peter Assmann
Reinhold Aumaier
Klaus Ebner
Karin Gayer
Constantin Göttfert
de:Fritz Huber
Paul Jaeg
Christoph Janacs
Günther Kaip
Wolfgang Kauer
de:Hermann Knapp
Dorothea Macheiner
Dirk Ofner
Wolfgang Pollanz
Fritz Popp
Herbert Reiter
Christine Roiter
Leopold Spoliti
Nikolai Vogel
Wolfgang Wenger
Christine Werner
Peter Paul Wiplinger

Other websites
Website of Arovell publishing house
Information at the center for German Philology Germanistik im Netz 

Book publishing companies
1991 establishments in Europe
1990s establishments in Austria
Powder monkey

Powder monkeys were boys or young teenagers who used to work on board the old sailing ships when they went to war.  When there was a battle it was the powder monkeys'  job to carry bags of gunpowder from the place where it was stored to the people who were operating the guns.  This had to be done quickly, so young boys were ideal because they could run fast and they were small.  It was not unknown for girls to disguise themselves as boys and get a job as a powder monkey.

Other websites
 HMS Victory: The Crew 

Childhood
War
Occupations
Sailing
Seismic analysis

Seismic performance analysis or seismic analysis is an intellectual tool of earthquake engineering which breaks the complex topic into smaller parts to gain a better understanding of seismic performance of building and non-building structures or their models.

In general, seismic analysis is based on the methods of structural dynamics. For decades, the most prominent instrument of seismic analysis has been the earthquake response spectrum method  which, also, contributed to the proposed building code's concept of today.

However, those response spectra are good, mostly, for single-degree-of-freedom systems. Numerical step-by-step integration, applied with the charts of seismic performance, seems to be a more effective method of analysis for multi-degree-of-freedom structural systems at severe process of earthquake excitation.

The design of structures rests on authorized engineering procedures, principles and criteria meant to design or retrofit structures subject to earthquake exposure. Those criteria are consistent just with the contemporary state of the knowledge about building structures. Therefore, the building design which blindly follows some seismic code regulations does not guarantee safety against collapse or serious damage.

The price of poor seismic analysis may be enormous. Nevertheless, seismic analysis has always been a trial and error process no matter it was based upon physical laws or empirical knowledge.

References

Earthquake engineering
Modeling
Research
Wiener Werkstattpreis

The international Wiener Werkstattpreis is a literary prize in Austria and has been founded in 1992. Since the year 2000, the prize is given every year. The organizers want to promote writers who are not well-known yet.

The prize is 1,100 EUR. In 2007, the authors could send in their texts in three categories: short story, poetry and essay.

Supported and partly paid by the Austrian government and the city administration of Vienna, the prize is organized by the publishing house FZA.

Winners 
2009 Wolfgang Ellmauer and Markus Thiele
2008 Axel Görlach
2007 Klaus Ebner (main price and winner in the categories short story and essay)Winner in the category poetry: Norbert Sternmut
2006 Constantin Göttfert
2005 Felician Siebrecht
2004 Ingeborg Woitsch and Daniel Mylow
2003 Uljana Wolf
2002 Susanne Wagner
2001 Olaf Kurtz
2000 Christine Thiemt
1994 Franzobel

Other websites 
Information Wiener Werkstattpreis 

Literary awards
Petting, Germany

Petting is a village near Traunstein, in Bavaria. It is next to the Waginger See, Lake Waging. The village was built on what was once an island, during the last Ice Age. The island was known as safe, and secure, and was inhabited even at that time. According to the records, the place name means place where there is water, at times. There used to be a church in the village, around 800 AD. Unfortunately, this church was destroyed by the Hungarians around the year 900. There had been a castle in what was then the churchyard; the owners of the castle can be traced back to the 6th century. It is believed that Petting had already existed during the time of the Romans, with the same name. 

The part of the village called Ringham can be traced to 788 AD, when it's mentioned by a chronicle of the bishop of Salzburg. In 1970, about 1,700 people lived in Petting; in 2000 they were about 2,200.

References 

Villages in Bavaria
Feldkircher Lyrikpreis

The Feldkirch Poetry Prize, in German Feldkircher Lyrikpreis, started by Erika Kronabitter, an Austrian artist and writer, is given every year by the theater Theater am Saumarkt in Feldkirch, Vorarlberg/Austria. Among the sponsors, there are the Austrian government, the local administration of Vorarlberg and private banks. In 2003, the poetry prize was organized for the first time.

Poets from all countries may send in their poems. German philologists and poets are the jury. The winners are presented to the public during Fall. The winning poems are archived in the Library of Vorarlberg.

Winners

2012 
 Elisabeth Steinkellner
 Sascha Kokot und Andra Schwarz

2011 
 Tobias Falberg
 C. H. Huber
 Claudia Scherer

2010 
 Kenah Cusanit
 Regina Hilber
 Udo Kawasser

2009 
 Marcus Pöttler
 Silke Peters and Thilo Krause (ex aequo)

2008 
 Andreas Neeser
 Martin Strauß
 Lina Hofstädter

2007
 Klaus Händl
 Bernhard Saupe
 Alexandra Lavizzari
 Thomas Steiner

2006
 Adelheid Dahimène
 Christine Haidegger
 Ludwig Laher
 Hans Eichhorn

2005
 Knut Schaflinger
 Julia Rhomberg
 Udo Kawasser
 Klaus Ebner

2004
 Elsbeth Maag
 Knut Schaflinger
 Lisa Mayer
 Gertrude Pieber-Prem
 Sabine Eschgfäller
 Udo Kawasser und Walter Pucher

2003
 Elfriede Kehrer
 Norbert Mayer
 Walter Pucher
 Mechthild Podzeit-Lütjen
 Ulrike Ulrich

Other websites
Theater am Saumarkt
Article of the Austrian television on the 5th Poetry Prize

Sources
Austrian newspaper Vorarlberger Nachrichten

Literary awards
Austrian culture
Vorarlberg
Inferno Metal Festival

Inferno Metal Festival is an annual extreme metal festival in Oslo, Norway. The festival take place at Rockefeller Music Hall.

Other websites
 Official site

Oslo
Music festivals
Festivals in Europe
Sailing ship

A sailing ship is a big boat with sails which catch the wind.  The wind pushes the boat along.  A sailing ship had a rig of at least three masts, square rigged on all of them.  The great days of sailing ships was from around the 15th century to the middle of the 19th century.  They were very important for trade as well as for war.  All large boats became known as "ships", so when steam power was invented people talked about "steam ships" to distinguish them from "sailing ships".

Small boats with sails are called "yachts" or sailboats.  They are used today for leisure activities.

Ships
Weather radar

A weather radar is a type of radar used to show where precipitation is. Weather radar can tell the movement of precipitation, what type it is (rain, snow, hail, etc.), and forecast its future.

Modern weather radars are mostly Doppler radars, which can find the movement of rain drops and the intensity of the precipitation. Both types of information can be used to find the structure of storms and tell if they will cause any severe weather.

Other websites

 Radar tutorial
 Weather Underground
 Canadian weather radar FAQ 

Meteorology
Impressment

Impressment  (the Press) was the act of forcing men to serve in the navy.  The people who were "pressed" to join the navy were usually young men.  A naval officer would lead a press gang and force men onto warships where they were made to serve as sailors.  Their families (if they had families) seldom knew where they had been taken.

This was a normal practice in the Royal Navy during the 17th, 18th and early 19th centuries.  Many people said that it should be stopped, but the Navy said it was a good way to get sailors who were needed to defend their country.  After the Napoleonic Wars the need for sailors was less and the Navy stopped impressing them.

Other websites
 The Impress Service, basic article on "press gangs" in British ports, charged with impressing sailors into the Navy.

Navy
Naïve

Naïve (pronounce: "na-EEV") is a French word which is used in English to mean that someone is very simple and does not understand about the dangers around them.  Someone who is naïve does not have enough experience of life to know about things he or she ought to know; for example, they may be very trusting, not realizing that some people in the world are evil and that some situations are perilous.

The word is sometimes spelt in English without the French double dot on the letter i, "naive", due to the default settings for typing in English lacking it.   It is an adjective.  The noun is naïveté, but is sometimes spelt naïvety in English.  It is similar in meaning to the word "innocent" and is not always a negative quality in that being naïve implies a lack of acquired prejudice.

The word naïve is used in other special ways in the arts and sciences.  It often means "lack of experience", but it does not necessarily mean it in a critical way.

 Naïve art is art which is created by people who have not been trained as artists.
 Naïve realism is the way that most people see and understand the world.
 In ecology it can mean animals that have not learned to be afraid of other animals that might attack and eat them.

Related pages
Innocent

Human behavior
Bun'ō

was a  after Shōgen and before Kōchō.  This  period started in April 1260 and ended in February 1261. During this time, the emperor was .

Events of the Bun'ō era
 1260 (Bun'o 1): Nichiren wrote Rissho Ankoku Ron ("On Securing the Peace of the Land through the Propagation of True Buddhism").

Related pages 
 Kamakura period

References

Other websites
 National Diet Library, The Japanese Calendar"

Bun'ō
1260
1261
1260s in Japan
Miodrag Božović

Miodrag Božović (born 22 July 1968) is a former Montenegrin football player.

References

1968 births
Living people
Montenegrin footballers
Kenichi Sugano

Kenichi Sugano (born 8 August 1971) is a former Japanese football player.

References

1971 births
Living people
Footballers from Kanagawa Prefecture
Lawar

Lawar is a traditional food in Bali, Thailand. It contains young jackfruit, pork and pig's blood.

References

Thai food