cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Brian Schatz

Brian Emanuel Schatz (pronounced ; born October 20, 1972) is an American politician. He is the senior United States Senator for Hawaii. Schatz was appointed by Governor Neil Abercrombie to replace Senator Daniel Inouye after his death in 2012.

Schatz served in the Hawaii House of Representatives from 1998 to 2006, where he represented the 25th Legislative District and was chairman of the Democratic Party of Hawaii from 2008 to 2010. He also worked as chief executive officer of Helping Hands Hawaii, an Oahu nonprofit social service agency.

Schatz ran for Lieutenant Governor of Hawaii in the 2010 Hawaii gubernatorial election as the running mate of Neil Abercrombie. He served as lieutenant governor until December 26, 2012, when Abercrombie appointed Schatz to serve out Daniel Inouye's U.S. Senate term until the 2014 special election.

References

1972 births
Living people
United States senators from Hawaii
Politicians from Michigan
US Democratic Party politicians
People from Ann Arbor, Michigan
Lieutenant Governors of Hawaii
Joe Donnelly

Joseph Simon "Joe" Donnelly, Sr. (born September 29, 1955) is an American politician. Donnelly is the United States Ambassador-designate to the Holy See. He was the United States Senator from Indiana. He is a member of the Democratic Party, Donnelly was in the Senate from January 3, 2013 to January 3, 2019.

In November 2018, Donnelly was defeated by Republican businessman Mike Braun.

In October 2021, President Joe Biden announced he would nominate Donnelly to be the U.S. Ambassador to the Vatican (Holy See). The United States Senate approved his nomination by a voice vote on January 20, 2022.

References

Other websites

 Senator Joe Donnelly  official U.S. Senate site
 Joe Donnelly for Senate
 

1955 births
Living people
Politicians from New York
United States representatives from Indiana
United States senators from Indiana
US Democratic Party politicians
Ambassadors of the United States
Rasha Sharbaji (director)

Rasha Sharbaji (Arabic: رشا شربتجي )(born April 20 1975 in Cairo, Egypt) is a Syrian film director and producer.  She directed the Egyptian television series “Sharaf Fatah Al Bab” (Sharaf Opened the Door). She also directed the series "Longing". She is the daughter of Syrian director Hisham Sharbatji.  She spent her childhood with her mother in Cairo.  She worked as a kindergarten teacher in the UAE before returning to Syria to live with her father.  She married cameraman Nasser Rca.

Work 
Rasha was an assistant to her father before directing various television series.

Syrian drama:
Law, but...(قانون و لكن ) 2003

Television series:
Soft Thornes (أشواك ناعمة) 2005
Deers in the forest of the wolves (غزلان في غابة الذئاب) 2006
Another rainy day, (يوم ممطر أخر) 2008
Period of Shame (زمن العار) 2009
Asaad Al-Waraq, (أسعد الوراق) 2010
Takht-east,(تخت شرقي) 2010)
Loin born (الولاد من الخاصرة) 2011, 2012, 2013
The family's girls, (بنات العيلة) 2012
Ma fiyyeh 2019 
Egyptian television drama series:
Boys of the night, (أولاد الليل) 2007
Son of Arandilli (إبن الأرندلي) 2008
Sharaf opened the door, (شرف فتح الباب) 2009

References  

1975 births
Television directors
Living people
Syrian people
Ben Cardin

Benjamin Louis "Ben" Cardin (born October 5, 1943) is an American politician and member of the Democratic Party. He serves as the senior United States Senator from Maryland, in office since 2007. 

Before his election to the Senate, Cardin, who has never lost an election, was a member of the United States House of Representatives, representing  (1987-2007). He also served in the Maryland House of Delegates (1967–87), serving as Speaker (1979–87). He was the youngest Speaker in Maryland history.

Cardin was elected to succeed Paul Sarbanes in the 2006 U.S. Senate election, defeating Republican Michael Steele, the Lieutenant Governor of Maryland, by a margin of 54% to 44%. He was re-elected in 2012 with 55% of the vote. 

He became the senior Senator on January 3, 2017 upon Barbara Mikulski's retirement.

Other websites

 Senator Ben Cardin official U.S. Senate site
 Ben Cardin for Senate
 
 

1943 births
Living people
Politicians from Baltimore
United States representatives from Maryland
United States senators from Maryland
US Democratic Party politicians
Chris Van Hollen

Christopher "Chris" Van Hollen, Jr. (born January 10, 1959) is an American politician. He is the junior United States Senator from Maryland, serving since January 3, 2017.  From 2003-17, he served as the U.S. Representative for . He is a member of the Democratic Party.

Other websites
Official Senator Van Hollen Website
 Chris Van Hollen for Senate

1959 births
Living people
Harvard University alumni
United States representatives from Maryland
United States senators from Maryland
US Democratic Party politicians
Police state

Police state is a country where activities of its people are controlled by the government with the help of a strong police force. Many times these governments use a secret police unit to supervise and limit their citizens' activities. Judicial review in a police state either doesn't exist or is regularly manipulated by government officials.

Related pages
 Separation of powers

References

Law
Government
Politics
Gary Peters

Gary Charles Peters (born December 1, 1958) is an American politician who is the junior United States Senator from Michigan. A member of the Democratic Party, he was the U.S. Representative for  from 2013 until his election to the Senate. 

He previously represented  from 2009 to 2013. Following the redrawing of congressional district boundaries after the 2010 United States Census, Peters defeated fellow Congressman Hansen Clarke in the Democratic primary and won re-election in the newly redrawn 14th District.

References

Other websites
U.S. Senator Gary Peters official U.S. Senate site
Gary Peters for U.S. Senate

Follow The Money - Gary Peters
2002 Attorney General campaign contributions
2000 Governor campaign contributions
1998 State Senate campaign contributions

1958 births
Living people
American military people
United States representatives from Michigan
United States senators from Michigan
US Democratic Party politicians
People from Pontiac, Michigan
20th-century American politicians
21st-century American politicians
Jon Tester

Jonathan "Jon" Tester (born August 21, 1956) is the senior United States Senator from Montana, serving since 2007. He is a member of the Democratic Party.

Tester was first elected to the Senate in 2006, beating Republican incumbent Conrad Burns in one of the closest Senate races of that year. He won re-election in 2012 against Rep. Denny Rehberg in another close race. 

Tester previously served as the president of the Montana Senate and worked as a music teacher and farmer. He became the senior Senator in 2014 when Max Baucus resigned to become U.S. ambassador to China. He is currently the dean of the Montana congressional delegation.

Other websites
Senator Jon Tester official U.S. Senate site
Jon Tester for Senate

1956 births
Living people
United States senators from Montana
Educators from Montana
People from Havre, Montana
US Democratic Party politicians
Heidi Heitkamp

Mary Kathryn "Heidi" Heitkamp  (born October 30, 1955) is an American attorney and politician. She was the junior United States Senator from North Dakota from 2013 to 2019. She lost re-election in November 2018 to Kevin Cramer.

A member of the North Dakota Democratic-Nonpartisan League Party, she is the first woman elected to the US Senate from North Dakota. She served as the 28th North Dakota Attorney General from 1993 to 2001 and as State Tax Commissioner from 1989 to 1993.

Heitkamp ran for governor of North Dakota in 2000 and lost to Republican John Hoeven. 

Heitkamp is North Dakota's second female senator, after Jocelyn Burdick, who was appointed to the office.

In December 2016, it was reported that Heitkamp was being considered for agriculture secretary by president-elect Donald Trump, but she was not officially chosen for any cabinet positions.

References

1955 births
Living people
United States senators from North Dakota
Politicians from Minnesota
US Democratic Party politicians
Ron Wyden

Ronald Lee "Ron" Wyden  (born May 3, 1949) is the senior United States Senator for Oregon, serving since 1996. He is a member of the Democratic Party. He previously served in the United States House of Representatives from 1981 to 1996.

Other websites

1949 births
Living people
Politicians from Wichita, Kansas
Stanford University alumni
United States representatives from Oregon
United States senators from Oregon
US Democratic Party politicians
Lawyers from Kansas
Lawyers from Portland, Oregon
Politicians from Portland, Oregon
Mike Lee

Michael Shumway "Mike" Lee (born June 4, 1971) is an American politician and lawyer who is the senior United States Senator from Utah. A member of the Republican Party, Lee has served in the U.S. Senate since January 3, 2011.

Lee tested positive for COVID-19 on October 1, 2020.

References

Other websites

 Senator Mike Lee official U.S. Senate website
 Mike Lee for Senate
 
 

1971 births
Living people
United States senators from Utah
People from Mesa, Arizona
Politicians from Arizona
US Republican Party politicians
Maria Cantwell

Maria Elaine Cantwell  (born October 13, 1958) is the junior United States Senator from Washington, serving since 2001. She is a member of the Democratic Party.

Cantwell first served in the Washington House of Representatives from 1987 to 1993 and then in the United States House of Representatives from  from 1993 to 1995, after which she worked as an executive for RealNetworks. She is Washington's second female senator, after Patty Murray. She serves as the Ranking Member on the United States Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources. 

While Democrats were in the majority, Cantwell served as Chairwoman of the  Committee on Small Business and Entrepreneurship from 2014 to 2015 and Chairwoman of the Committee on Indian Affairs from 2013 to 2014. 

Upon the February 2017 resignation of Jeff Sessions, Cantwell became the most senior junior Senator.

Other websites

Senator Maria Cantwell official U.S. Senate site
Maria Cantwell for Senate

1958 births
Living people
Politicians from Indianapolis, Indiana
United States representatives from Washington
United States senators from Washington
US Democratic Party politicians
Florence Pendleton

Florence H. Pendleton (January 28, 1926 – September 10, 2020) was an American politician and activist. She was the shadow senator from the District of Columbia. 

As the first shadow senator of the District of Columbia, her main goal was to promote the efforts of the District to gain full voting rights, alongside her counterpart in Seat 2. She was inaugurated as the first ever shadow senator on January 3, 1991.  She retired in 2007.

Pendleton died on September 10, 2020 in Columbus, Georgia at the age of 94.

References

1926 births
2020 deaths
United States Shadow senators from District of Columbia
US Democratic Party politicians
Michael Donald Brown

Michael Donald "Mike" Brown (born August 5, 1953) is a shadow senator from the District of Columbia. 

As a shadow senator, Brown receives no pay from the government, receives no budget from the government, and cannot vote on matters before the Senate. While he does not have an office in the United States Senate, the Government of the District provides the position with an office.

References

1953 births
Living people
United States Shadow senators from District of Columbia
Politicians from Newark, New Jersey
Independent politicians in the United States
Paul Strauss

Paul Eric Strauss (born April 11, 1964) is a shadow senator from the District of Columbia.

Political career
As one of the District of Columbia's two Shadow Senators, Strauss lobbies the U.S. Senate and the U.S. House of Representatives on behalf of the citizens of D.C. in their attempt to gain full federal representation, self-determination, and eventually admittance to the Union as the 51st state.

References

1964 births
Living people
United States Shadow senators from District of Columbia
Politicians from New York City
US Democratic Party politicians
Eddy Pauwels

Eddy Pauwels (2 May 1935 – 6 March 2017) was a former Belgian racing cyclist from 1958 to 1966. He won 4 stages in the Tour de France and wore the yellow jersey for 4 days in total. In 1962, Pauwels won the combativity award in the Tour de France.

Pauwels died on 6 March 2017 in Brussels at the age of 81.

References

1935 births
2017 deaths
Belgian cyclists
People from Antwerp (province)
Ron Bass (wrestler)

Ronald Heard (December 21, 1948 – March 7, 2017) was a former American professional wrestler. He was  best known under the name "The Outlaw" Ron Bass. His gimmick was a Texan cowboy who entered World Wrestling Federation (WWF) rings to the sound of a bullwhip.

In March 2017, Bass was hospitalized in Tampa, Florida due to a burst appendix and underwent surgery. He died on March 7, 2017 from complications of appendicitis-related surgery at the age of 68.

References

1948 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from appendicitis
Deaths from surgical complications
American wrestlers
Sportspeople from Arkansas
Sportspeople from Texas
Syed Sajjad Ali Shah

Syed Sajjad Ali Shah (17 February 1933 – 7 March 2017) was a Pakistani politician and lawyer. He was the Chief Justice of Pakistan from 4 June 1994 to 2 December 1997.

When Dr. Nasim Hasan Shah retired as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court in 1994, Justice Saad Saud Jan should have taken his place based on seniority. Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto threw tradition overboard, when she by-passed two senior judges and appointed Sajjad Ali Shah as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court. 

Later, she was fired by President Farooq Leghari on charges of corruption and Sajjad Ali Shah along with 6 other members of the Supreme Court were fired as well.

Sajjad Ali Shah was born in Karachi. He studied at the University of Karachi. Sajjad Ali Shah died of pneumonia on 7 March 2017 in Karachi, aged 84.

References

1933 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from pneumonia
Pakistani politicians
Pakistani lawyers
People from Karachi
Helen Sommers

Helen Sommers (March 29, 1932 – March 7, 2017) was an American politician. She served in the Washington House of Representatives from 1972 to 2009. She represented the 36th district, as a member of the Democratic Party. At the time of her retirement she was the state's longest serving legislator. 

Sommers was born in Woodbury Heights, New Jersey. She studied at the University of Washington. Sommers died on March 7, 2017 in Palm Beach Gardens, Florida from natural causes, aged 84.

References

1932 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from natural causes
Politicians from New Jersey
Politicians from Washington
US Democratic Party politicians
Douglas Henry

Douglas Henry (May 18, 1926 – March 5, 2017) was an American politician and attorney. He was the longest-serving member of the Tennessee legislature. He was a member of the Tennessee Senate, representing the 21st district (part of Davidson County) from 1971 through his retirement in 2014.

Henry served as a state senator beginning with his election to the 87th General Assembly, prior to which he was a member of the Tennessee House of Representatives during the 79th General Assembly. 

Henry was a stronger supporter of education, children's welfare, and voting rights, and an opponent of abortion. He helped remove a portrait of anti-Confederate Governor William G. Brownlow and install a bust of Confederate Lieutenant General and early Ku Klux Klan member Nathan Bedford Forrest in the Tennessee State Capitol. 

Henry was born in Nashville, Tennessee. He studied at Vanderbilt University. Henry died on March 5, 2017 in Nashville from natural causes, aged 90.

References

1926 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from natural causes
Lawyers from Nashville, Tennessee
US Democratic Party politicians
Politicians from Nashville, Tennessee
Lynne Stewart

Lynne Irene Stewart (October 8, 1939 – March 7, 2017) was an American defense attorney and convicted criminal. She was known for representing controversial, poor, and often unpopular defendants. She was convicted of helping pass messages from her client, Sheikh Omar Abdel-Rahman, an Egyptian cleric convicted of planning terror attacks, in 2005.

Stewart was called a "radial leftist American lawyer" by The New York Times.

Early life
Stewart was born in Brooklyn, New York. She was raised in Queens, New York. She studied at Wagner College and at Rutgers University in Newark, New Jersey.

Prison years
Stewart was convicted on charges of conspiracy and providing material support to terrorists in 2005, and sentenced to 28 months in prison. Her felony conviction led to her being automatically disbarred. She was convicted of helping pass messages from her client, Sheikh Omar Abdel-Rahman, an Egyptian cleric convicted of planning terror attacks, to his followers in al-Gama'a al-Islamiyya, an organization designated as a Foreign Terrorist Organization by the United States Secretary of State.

She was re-sentenced on July 15, 2010, to 10 years in prison in light of her perjury at trial. She served her sentence at the Federal Medical Center, Carswell, a federal prison in Fort Worth, Texas.

Stewart was released from prison on December 31, 2013 on a compassionate release order because of her terminal breast cancer diagnosis.

Death
Stewart died at her home in Brooklyn, New York from a stroke and complications of breast cancer, aged 77.

References

1939 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from stroke
Deaths from breast cancer
American criminals
Lawyers from New York City
American activists
Democrats (United States)
People from Brooklyn
List of educational institutions in Karaikal, India

List of notable educational institutions in Karaikal:
 Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Karaikal.
 National Institute of Technology Puducherry ( NIT-PY ), Karaikal.
 Pondicherry University, Karaikal
 Vinayaga Mission Medical College, Karaikal.
 Aringar Anna Govt. Arts College, Karaikal.
 Avvaiyar Govt College for Women, Karaikal.
 RVS Arts and Science College, Kalikuppam, Karaikal.
 Jawahar Navodhaya Vidyalaya, Karaikal.
 Kendriya Vidyalaya, Karaikal.
 K.M.K.Kannaiya Pillai Memorial School Karaikal.
 Nirmala Rani higher secondary school, Karaikal.
 Thanthai Periyar Govt Higher Secondary School, Karaikal.
 Don Bosco higher secondary school, Nedungadu, Karaikal.
 St.Mary's Higher Secondary school, Karaikal.
 Servite high school, Kottucherry, Karaikal.
 ONGC public school, Karaikal.
 SRVS national school, Karaikal.
 Cauvery Public School, Karaikal.
 St.Joseph French Cluny, Karaikal.
 Good Shepherd English School, Melakasakudy, Karaikal.
 Iqra Nursery & Primary School, Karaikal.
 Aiyas CBSE School, Karaikal.
 Regional Perfect Higher Secondary School, Nedungadu, Karaikal

Other websites
  PAJANCOA & RI
  Karaikal Official Site 
  

Karaikal District
Thanjavur Taluk

Thanjavur Taluk is a tehsil or taluk or administrative division of the Thanjavur district, Tamil Nadu, India. The headquarters of the taluk is the town of Thanjavur, which is also the district headquarters. It itself has been further divided into two revenue blocks: Budalur block and Thanjavur block.

According to the 2011 census, the taluk of Thanjavur had a population of 510,411 with 253,723  males and 256,688 females. There were 1012 women for every 1000 men. The taluk had a literacy rate of 78.51%. Of the children less than six years of age, 23,251 were male and 21,749 were female.

Reference

Taluks of Thanjavur district
Kumbakonam Taluk

Kumbakonam Taluk is a taluk of Thanjavur district of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. The headquarters of the taluk is the town of Kumbakonam. Big towns in this taluk are Kumbakonam, Dharasuram, Thirunageswaram, Ullur, Perumandi, Natchiyar Koil, Annalagraham, Swamimalai and Cholapuram.

Demographics 
According to the 2011 census, the taluk of Kumbakonam had a population of 435,962 with 216,186 males and 219,776 females. There were 1017 women for every 1000 men. The taluk had a literacy rate of 78.05. Child population in the age group below 6 was 20,558 Males and 19,889 Females.

References 

Taluks of Thanjavur district
Orathanadu Taluk

Orathanadu Taluk is a taluk of Thanjavur district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. The headquarters of the taluk are located at Orathanadu.

As of the Census of India 2011, the population of Orathanadu taluk of Thanjavur district is 1,60,367 with 40,383 households.The total population constitute, 77,719 males and 82,648 females —a sex ratio of 1063 females per 1000 males. 15,597 children are in the age group of 0–6 years, of which 8,004 are boys and 7,593 are girls. The average literacy rate stands at 75.16% with 1,08,813 literates.

Reference

Taluks of Thanjavur district
Arasalar River

Arasalar River is a branch river of Cauvery which split into 5 different rivers when it enters into Thanjavur district from Tiruchirapalli. At a village named Pullambadi the River Cauvery has been stopped by Lower Anaicut or the Grand Anaicut (Anaicut in Tamil means Dam in English) and from Thiruvaiyaru (the name of the town refers separation of 5 rivers) the Arasalar River separates from River Cauvery. This river enters into the Sea of Bay of Bengal at Karaikal.

References

Rivers of Puducherry
Shah Aqeeq Baba

Syed Asghar Ali Shah Bukhari (c. 1432 – c. 1451) (known as Shah Yaqeeq/Aqeeq Baba) was a Suhrawardi Sufi.He lived in Sindh, Pakistan.

Life 

Shah Aqeeq lived from about 1432 to 1451. He is celebrated as a Suhrawardi Sufi Saint. Shah Aqeeq lived in Uch, Punjab till the age of 7 but after his father Syed Muhammad Sharifuddin Ibn Abdullah Bhukari's death he and their brothers migrated to Sindh. In Sindh Shah Aqeeq met with Mian Usaman Shah. Severals years later he became the successor of Mian Usman Shah.

Urs (annual death anniversary) 
The urs () is celebrated every year in the month of the Jumada al-awwal. The Urs () or anniversary of his death is celebrated in the town of Shah Aqeeq, in Chuhar Jamali in Sujawal District, and there is a  shrine to Shah Aqeeq where he is venerated as a "spiritual surgeon" and many visitors believe they are cured of disease. (In 1986, a biography was written about him by Habibu Sindhi and published by the Anjuman-i-Ghulaman-i-Mustafa).

Spiritual surgeon 

Shah Aqeeq Baba is considered to be a spiritual surgeon in 'Sindh', Pakistan. People having diseases like cancer, heart / lungs / liver / brain diseases or any other diseases (even if doctors have denied) from all over the country even from outside the country come here for treatments. The treatment is followed by annunciations.Following the annunciations is considered as important and necessary.

References

Further reading 
Sindhi, Habibu, Sawanah hayat Shah Yaqiq Shaheed Bukhari (Biography of Saint Shah Yaqiq Bukhari), Soshal Vailfe'ar Anjuman-i-Ghulaman-i-Mustafa (Cuhar Jamali, 1986)

1432 births
1451 deaths
Saints
Asian Sufis
Muslims
Pir Baba

Hazrat Pir Baba (), was a Sufi saint. His real name was Syed Ali Shah Tirmizi, of the Kubrawiya(Kubrawi) Sufi Order.
He was probably born in AH 908 (1431 CE), in present-day Uzbekistan, was of Arabic descent, and died in AH 991 (1502 CE).

References

1431 births
1502 deaths
Saints
Asian Sufis
Muslims
Thiruvalangadu

Thiruvalangadu is a village in the Thiruvallur district, Tamil Nadu, India.This is a village located on the western suburbs of Chennai. It is famous as a sacred site for Hindus for two reasons. 

This is the village is where Lord Shiva asked Karaikal Ammaiyar, one of the 63 nayanmars, to witness his holy dance or oordhava thaandava. She visited Thiruvalangadu and sang the Thiruvalangadu Mootha Thirupathigam.
 The famous Shaivite temple- Sri Vadaranyeswarar Temple is located here.

The population of the village as per the 2011 census is 5913. The male population is 2969. The female population is 2944.

Reference

Tiruvallur district
Anna Nagar

Anna Nagar is a neighbourhood in the metropolitan city of Chennai, India. This area is named after the Tamil leader C. N. Annadurai. This area is in the north-western part of Chennai and forms a part of the Aminjikarai taluk. It is one of the prime residential areas in Chennai.One of the primary landmarks in Anna Nagar is the Anna Nagar Tower, built in 1968 as part of the World Trade Fair.

Anna Nagar originated as a suburban village called Naduvakkarai. It was called Mullam Village and is still referred to like that by the Land and revenue department for all official purposes.The Anna Nagar Tower is a  tall tower built for the 1968 World Trade Fair, by B. S. Abdur Rahman.

The Anna Nagar railway station was inaugurated in the year 2003. It is on the Thirumangalam road, a road that connects Anna Nagar West with Villivakkam area of Chennai.

Neighbourhoods of Chennai
Amir Ohana

Amir Ohana, Hebrew: אמיר אוחנה‎‎ , (born March 15, 1976 in Beer Sheba Israel) is an Israeli politician and lawyer. Previously he worked at Shin Bet (internal intelligence agency of Israel).

Ohana has been a Member of Knesset for Likud since 2015. He is the first openly gay MK for his party.

Since 2019 he had been justice minister in the Fourth Netanyahu Government, and since May 17, 2020 he has been minister of internal security in the Fifth Netanyahu Government.

References

Other websites 

Knesset Website

1976 births
Living people
Gay Jews
Government ministers of Israel
Israeli lawyers
Israeli LGBT people
Jewish Israeli politicians
Jewish lawyers
LGBT lawyers
LGBT politicians
Likud politicians
Members of Knesset
People from Beer Sheba
Paper towel

Paper towels (or kitchen paper) is an absorbent tissue made from paper instead of cloth. Unlike cloth towels, paper towels are disposable and thrown away after use. They soak up water because they are loosely woven. This lets water travel into the paper by capillary action. The water sticks to the fibers by adhesion.

In 2020, scientists from the University of Leeds performed an experiment that showed that people who dried their hands with paper towels removed more viruses than people who dried their hands with jet air dryers.  The study was performed in a hospital bathroom.

References

Paper
Cleaning tools
Perryville, Missouri

Perryville is a city in southeast Missouri. It is near the Mississippi River and the Illinois state border. Perryville is the county seat of Perry County.

At the 2010 census, 8,225 people were living there.

Cities in Missouri
County seats in Missouri
Ronald Drever

Ronald William Prest Drever (October 1931 – 7 March 2017) was a Scottish experimental physicist. He was a Professor Emeritus at the California Institute of Technology. He co-founded the LIGO project, and was a co-inventor of the Pound–Drever–Hall technique for laser stabilization. This work was important in the first detection of gravitational waves in September 2015.

Drever died on 7 March 2017 in Edinburgh, Scotland from complications of dementia, aged 85.

References

1931 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from dementia
Scottish scientists
British physicists
Juan Carlos Touriño

Juan Carlos Touriño (14 July 1944 – 7 March 2017) was a Spanish football defender. He won two Spanish league titles and two Spanish Cup with Real Madrid. He made one appearance for the Spanish national team.

Death
Touriño died at a hospital in Buenos Aires on the night of 7 March 2017 from pancreatic disease, aged 72.

Titles
Real Madrid
La Liga (3): 1971-72, 1973-74, 1974-75
Copa del Rey (2): 1973-74, 1974–75

References

Other websites
 Spain statistics 
 World Football profile

1944 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from pancreatic disease
Argentine footballers
People from Buenos Aires
Horst Seehofer

Horst Lorenz Seehofer (born 4 July 1949 in Ingolstadt) is a German conservative politician (CSU).  He was the Federal Minister for Health and Social Security from 1992 to 1998 and the Federal Minister of Food, Agriculture and Consumer Protection from 2005 to 2008. In October 2008 he became chairman of the CSU and Minister-President of Bavaria. In 2011/12 he served as President of the Bundesrat.

References

1949 births
Living people
Former members of the German Bundestag
Government ministers of Germany
Ministers-President of Bavaria
Politicians from Bavaria
Politicians of the Christian Social Union of Bavaria
Fairfield, Vermont

Fairfield is a small town in the state of Vermont in the United States of America.

Towns in Vermont
Samma dynasty

The Samma dynasty (,) was a Rajput power on the Indian Subcontinent, that ruled in Sindh, Kutch, Saurashtra (region) and parts of Punjab and Balochistan from  1351 to  1524 AD, with their capital at Thatta in modern Pakistan; before being replaced by the Arghun dynasty.

The Samma dynasty has left its mark in Sindh with magnificent structures including the necropolis of  and royalties in Thatta.

References

Former monarchies of Asia
1350s establishments
1520s disestablishments in Asia
Former countries in Asia
Former countries in South Asia
Sindh
Per-Bast

Per-Bast was an ancient Egyptian city. It is the place where the center of the cult of Bast is. Bast is a cat-goddess who is the protectress of Ra. The name Per-Bast means "house of Bast". Per Bast was in the Nile Delta and served as the capital of the nome Am-Khent, the 18th nome in Lower Egypt.

Ancient Egypt
Cities in Egypt
Robert D. Orr

Robert Dunkerson Orr (November 17, 1917 – March 10, 2004) was an American politician. He was the 45th Governor of Indiana from 1981 to 1989. He was a member of the Republican Party. He was served as United States Ambassador to Singapore from July 14, 1989 through September 12, 1992.

Orr was born in Ann Arbor, Michigan. He was raised in Evansville, Indiana. He studied at Yale University and at Harvard University. Orr was married to Josie Wallace from 1946 until they divorce in 2000. In 2001, he married Mary Davis. Their marriage lasted until his death in 2004.

Orr died in Indianapolis, Indiana from complications of kidney surgery on March 10, 2004, aged 86.

References

Other websites
Biography from the Indiana Historical Bureau 

Biography from the Indianapolis Star 
The New York Times: Robert D. Orr, 86, Governor Who Revamped Indiana Schools
National Governors Association 

1917 births
2004 deaths
Deaths from surgical complications
Governors of Indiana
Ambassadors of the United States
Politicians from Michigan
People from Ann Arbor, Michigan
US Republican Party politicians
Ambergris

Ambergris is lumps of fatty compounds, secreted and expelled by the sperm whale. Because the harvesting of ambergris causes no harm to the whales, collecting it is not controversial.

Toothed whales
Koyambedu

Koyambedu is a locality in the South Indian city of Chennai. The Koyambedu area has become a major centre of Chennai City after the inauguration of the Koyambedu market and the CMBT. Koyambedu is surrounded by localities like Vadapalani, Anna Nagar, Arumbakkam, Aminjikarai, Virugambakkam and Nerkundram.

Koyambedu is famous for its wholesale fruit and vegetable market, popularly called Koyambedu Market. This was established in 1996, when the city's principal wholesale fruit and vegetable market in Kothawal Chavadi had to be closed. The market is one of the largest wholesale market in Asia.

Neighbourhoods of Chennai
Keren Neubach

Keren Neubach (Hebrew: קרן נויבך‎‎, born March 28, 1970) is an Israeli journalist, and television and radio presenter.

Neubach studied history at Tel Aviv University. She is bisexual.

References 
 www.nrg.co.il

1970 births
Living people
Bisexual Jews
Israeli journalists
Israeli LGBT people
Jewish Israeli writers
LGBT journalists
Radio personalities
Tel Aviv University alumni
Television presenters
Samayapuram

Samayapuram is a suburb of the city of Tiruchirappalli in Tamil Nadu, India. Formerly a separate village of its own, Samayapuram was included in the Tiruchirappalli Municipal Corporation limits in 1994. Samayapuram is located 12 kilometres north from the heart of the city on the Trichy-Chennai road. The Samayapuram Mariamman Temple, a most important place of Hindu worship is located here.

Tiruchirapalli district
Thiruvallur district

Tiruvallur district is an administrative district in the South Indian state of Tamil Nadu. The town of Tiruvallur is the district headquarters. The district has a mixture of urban and rural characteristics. The Eastern part of Tiruvallur district is dominated by urban characteristics while the Southern and Northern part of the district has influence of Andhra culture due to its position.

Tiruvallur is well known, one of the reason being the Veeraragava Temple. The new moon day is very auspicious day for the lord and so for the people of the town.ccording to 2011 census of India, Thiruvallur district had a population of 3,728,104 with a sex-ratio of 987 females for every 1,000 males, much above the national average of 929.

References 

Tiruvallur district
Kanyakumari district

Kanyakumari district is the southernmost district in Tamil Nadu state and mainland India. It is the second largest district in the state in terms of population density and the second most urbanized, next only to Chennai district.  The district stands first in terms of literacy rate in the state. The district headquarters is Nagercoil.

Reference

Kanyakumari district
Havel

The Havel is a river in Germany. It flows through Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Brandenburg, Berlin and Saxony-Anhalt.

Geography of Berlin
Geography of Brandenburg
Geography of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
Geography of Saxony-Anhalt
Rivers of Germany
Duenos inscription

The duenos inscription  is a Latin text found on a piece of pottery in Rome. The pottery was dated to the sixth century BC. The text is among the oldest known texts of old Latin. It is difficult to read because the words are not separated by spaces.

Text and translations
Since the pottery, or kernos, was found in 1880, many translations have been proposed. By 1983, more than fifty different explanations of the meaning had been put forward. Due to the lack of a large body of archaic Latin, and the method by which Romans abbreviated their inscriptions, scholars have not been able to produce a singular translation that has been accepted by historians as accurate. However thanks to Arthur E. Gordon's work the reading of the text can be now considered certain.

Below is the transcription and one of many possible interpretations:
a. The direct unicase transcription
b. Direct transcription, in lowercase, with possible macrons and word breaks
c. A speculative interpretation and translation into Classical Latin
d. An English gloss (approximate translation/interpretation) of the Classical Latin rendering

Line 1:
a. IOVESATDEIVOSQOIMEDMITATNEITEDENDOCOSMISVIRCOSIED
b. iouesāt deivos qoi mēd mitāt, nei tēd endō cosmis vircō siēd
c. Iurat deos qui me mittit, ni in te [= erga te] comis virgo sit
d. 'The person who sends me prays to the gods, lest the girl be not kind towards thee'

Line 2:
a. ASTEDNOISIOPETOITESIAIPAKARIVOIS
b. as(t) tēd noisi o(p)petoit esiāi pākā riuois
c. at te [... uncertain ...] paca rivis
d. 'without thee [...] calm with [these] rivers'

Line 3:
a. DVENOSMEDFECEDENMANOMEINOMDVENOINEMEDMALOSTATOD
b. duenos mēd fēced en mānōm einom duenōi nē mēd malo(s) statōd
c. Bonus me fecit in manum einom bono, ne me malus [tollito, clepito]
d. 'A good man made me in his own[?] hands for a good man, in case an evil man take me.'

An interpretation set out by Warmington and Eichner, renders the complete translation as follows, though not with certainty:
It is sworn with the gods, whence I'm issued:If a maiden does not smile at you,
nor is strongly attracted to you,then soothe her with this fragrance!
Someone good has filled me for someone good and well-mannered,and not shall I be obtained by someone bad.

References

Latin language
Syria Direct

Syria Direct is a not-for-profit news organization based in Jordan.  It was started in 2013 by television news producer Amjad Tadros and the Global Peace and Development Charitable Trust. Syria Direct reports on the conflict in neighboring Syria, because reporting from Syria is either restricted or too dangerous.

Syria Direct publishes news reports, interviews, photographs, and videos from inside Syria.  They also publish a  newsletter.  They do not accept advertising.  Their operations are funded by the Global Peace & Development Charitable Trust.

Syria Direct is published in English and Arabic. The articles are for readers who are already 
knowledgeable about Syria but want more detailed information.  Syria Direct employs about 24 Syrians and Americans who talk to Syrian activists and civilians on both sides of the conflict every day by Skype. Syrian journalists write the stories in Arabic.  The stories are translated to English, fact-checked and edited, then translated back to Arabic. Their website receives about 50,000 page views every month.  Their Facebook page has 77,000 followers. Thousands of people follow their Twitter account. 

Syria Direct also has a training program for journalists from Syria. In the past, the training program has received funding from the US Embassy Amman's Public Affairs Section, the Syria office of the Konrad Adenauer Stiftung organization, and the Canadian Embassy in Amman. Every six months they train twelve new Syrian journalists.  The trainees' stories have been published in USA Today, CNN.com, Radio Free Europe, and international new organizations like Le Monde and The Toronto Globe and Mail. As of September 2016, they had trained 70 new journalists.

References

Other websites 
 Syria Direct on Facebook
 Syria Direct on Twitter
 Syria Direct official website

Establishments in Syria
Journalism
Media in Asia
2013 establishments in Asia
Dunn index

The Dunn Index (DI) is a metric for judging a clustering algorithm. A higher DI implies better clustering. It assumes that better clustering means that clusters are compact and well-separated from other clusters.

There are many ways to define the size of a cluster and distance between clusters.

The DI is equal to the minimum inter-cluster distance divided by the maximum cluster size. Note that larger inter-cluster distances (better separation) and smaller cluster sizes (more compact clusters) lead to a higher DI value.

In mathematical terms:

Let the size of cluster C be denoted by: 

Let the distance between clusters i and j be denoted by: 

Algorithms
Statistics
Alejandra Soler

Alejandra Soler Gilabert (July 8, 1913 – March 1, 2017) was a Spanish politician and teacher. She also worked for the Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation. She was born in Valencia, Spain. She took part in the revolts against Miguel Primo de Rivera's dictature and in 1934, she became a member of the communist party. 

Soler died on March 1, 2017 in Valencia, Spain from suspected heart failure, aged 103.

Works 
 2009, La vida es un río caudaloso con peligrosos rápidos

References

1913 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Communists
Spanish politicians
Centenarians
Dave Valentin

David Joseph Valentin (April 29, 1952 – March 8, 2017) was an American Latin jazz flautist. In the 1970s Valentin combined Latin music with jazz in bands with Bill O'Connell, Lincoln Goines, Richie Morales, Robby Ameen, Sammy Figueroa, and Giovanni Hidalgo. For seven years in a row he was chosen best jazz flautist by readers of Jazziz magazine. In 1985 he received a Grammy Award nomination. In 2003 he won a Grammy for Caribbean Jazz Project, an album he did with Dave Samuels.

Valentin died from complications of a stroke and Parkinson's disease in the Bronx, at the age of 64.

References

Grammy Award winners
1952 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from stroke
Deaths from Parkinson's disease
American jazz musicians
Musicians from New York City
Anthony Delhalle

Anthony Delhalle (11 January 1982 – 9 March 2017) was a French Grand Prix motorcycle racer. He rode a Suzuki GSX-R1000 in the FIM CEV Superbike European Championship and the Endurance FIM World Championship. 

Delhalle died, aged 35, on 9 March 2017, after falling from his bike during a test on the Circuit Paul Armagnac near Nogaro and breaking his neck.

References

1982 births
2017 deaths
Deaths in sport
French sportspeople
People from Centre-Val de Loire
Nagapattinam district

Nagapattinam district is the only district in India to be discontinuous or separated  into two parts. This district is located on Tamil Nadu, India. Nagapattinam district was carved out by dividing the Thanjavur district on 1991, October 19.In 2006 the Ministry of Panchayati Raj named Nagapattinam district one of the country's 250 most backward districts (out of a total 640 Indian districts). 

Nagapattinam district is one of the six districts of 32 districts in Tamil Nadu currently receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme (BRGF).According to 2011 census of India, Nagapattinam district had a population of 1,616,450 with a sex-ratio of 1,025 females for every 1,000 males, much above the national average of 929.

Reference
Bill Leak

Bill Leak (born Desmond Robert Leak; 9 January 1956 – 10 March 2017) was an Australian editorial cartoonist, caricaturist and portraitist.

Leak was raised in Condobolin and Beacon Hill, Sydney. Leak studied at the Julian Ashton Art School in the 1970s. 

Leak's cartoons were first published in 1983 in The Bulletin and after he drew for The Sydney Morning Herald until 1994, when he was recruited by News Limited to contribute to The Daily-Telegraph-Mirror and later to The Australian.

On 10 March 2017, Leak died in a hospital in Gosford, New South Wales following a suspected heart attack. He was 61 years old.

References

Other websites
 
 Drawing and quartering our pollies – Article includes comments by Bill Leak on his cartooning and the reactions he gets
 Portrait of Bill Leak, editorial cartoonist, 1984, by Terry Mulligan

1956 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Australian artists
Cartoonists
People from Adelaide
Thoothukudi district

Thoothukudi District, also known as Tuticorin District is a district in Tamil Nadu state in southern India. The district was formed by dividing Tirunelveli district in 1986 and Thoothukudi is the district headquarters. The district is known for pearl cultivation. There are many pearls  in the seas offshore. It was formerly ruled by one of the oldest kingdoms in India, the Pandyan Dynasty with the port of Korkai through which trade with Rome happened. The archaeological site at Adichanallur holds the remains of the ancient Tamil civilisation. As of 2011, the district had a population of 1,750,176 with a sex-ratio of 1,023 females for every 1,000 males.

References
Thoothukudi

Thoothukudi is a port city, a Municipal Corporation and an industrial city in Thoothukudi district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. The city lies in the Coromandel Coast off Bay of Bengal. Thoothukudi is the headquarters of Thoothukudi district.According to Confederation of Indian Industry, Thoothukudi has the second highest Human Development Index in Tamil Nadu next to Chennai. Tuticorin City serves as the headquarters of Tamilnad Mercantile Bank Limited. Major educational establishments in the city include Thoothukudi Government Medical College, Fisheries College and Research Institute, Marine Training Academy, V.O.C. Arts & Science College, Government Polytechnic College, and Anna University Tuticorin Campus.Tuticorin Port is one of the Fastest growing Major Ports in India. Tuticorin is an "Emerging Energy and Industrial hub of South India".

Reference

Thoothukudi district
Tiruvallur

Tiruvallur is a suburb city of Chennai and Grade I municipality in Chennai in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is located on the banks of Cooum River about  northwest of Chennai (Madras), the capital city of Tamil Nadu and located near  Tiruvallur district.It is well known because of the Veera Raghavar temple  which is one of the 108 sacred shrines of Vaishnavites. There is a pond nearby this temple, where the tank festival is held.The neighborhood is served by Tiruvallur railway station of the Chennai Suburban Railway Network. As of 2011, the town had a population of 56,074.It is one of the fast developing suburban areas in Chennai.

reference

Tiruvallur district
Namakkal district

Namakkal District is an administrative district in the state of Tamil Nadu, India. The district was divided from Salem district with Namakkal town as Headquarters on  25-07-1996 and started to function independently from 01-01-1997. The district has seven taluks (subdivisions): Tiruchengode, Namakkal, Rasipuram, Velur, Sendamangalam, Komarapalayam, and Kolli Hills. It has two Revenue Divisions: Namakkal and Tiruchengode. As of 2011, Namakkal district had a population of 1,726,601 with a sex-ratio of 986 females for every 1,000 males.

Reference
Olfactory bulb

The olfactory bulb is a part of the vertebrate forebrain. It works in olfaction, or the sense of smell.

The olfactory bulb has one source of sensory input (axons from olfactory receptor neurons, and one output (mitral cell axons). It is thought that it functions as a filter. However, the olfactory bulb also gets "top-down" information from brain areas like the amygdala, neocortex, hippocampus, locus coeruleus, and substantia nigra.

Its range of functions probably include:

discriminating between odors
enhancing sensitivity of odor detection
filtering out background odors 
permitting higher brain areas involved in arousal and attention to modify the detection or discrimination of odors.

References 

Anatomy of the brain
Sensory system
Sephardi Jews

Sephardi Jews, also known as Sephardic Jews or Sephardim (, Modern Hebrew: Sfaraddim, also  Y'hudey Spharad, meaning "The Jews of Spain"), are a Jewish ethnic division. They emerged as a distinct community around 1000 AD on the Iberian Peninsula. Jews established communities throughout Spain and Portugal. Then in the late 15th century, when all Jews were expelled from Spain, they migrated and set up new communities in the countries of England, the Netherlands, North Africa, Anatolia, the Levant (Eastern Mediterranean), and the Balkan countries, as well as the Americas, where they kept their traditions and religious practices. For hundreds of years and through the 20th century, Sephardi Jews have continued to speak their Judeo-Spanish language commonly called Ladino, besides the language of their place of residence.

Related pages 
 Ashkenazi Jews
 Maghrebi Jews
 Mizrahi Jews

Jewish ethnic groups
Shas

Shas, Hebrew: ש״ס , full name: Shomrei Sfarad, Hebrew: שומרי ספרד , meaning (Religious) guardians of the Sephardim, is an Israeli political party.

Its ideology is left-wing conservative, Sephardic-Mizrahic Ultra-Orthodox, and Religious Zionist.

Political leader is Aryeh Deri.

Shas was founded in 1984.

Number of seats in the 24th Knesset: 9 (/).

Participating in the Fourth Netanyahu Government and the Netanyahu-Gantz Government.

Other websites 
 

1984 establishments
20th-century establishments in Israel
Judaism in Israel
Political parties in Israel
Zionist parties
Mizrahi Jews

Mizrahi Jews / Oriental Jews / Mizrahim are Jews who originally lived in the Middle East.

Related pages 
 Ashkenazi Jews
 Maghrebi Jews
 Sephardi Jews

Jewish ethnic groups
Ethnic groups in the Middle East
Chermignon

Chermignon is a former municipality in the district Sierre in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.

On 1 January 2017 the former municipalities of Chermignon, Mollens, Montana and Randogne merged into the new municipality of Crans-Montana.

Former municipalities of Valais
Bilawal Shah Noorani

Syed Bilawal Shah Noorani () was a mystic saint from Balochistan. Shah Noorani was the descendants of Ali Ibn Abi Talib. Noorani is considered to be a patron saint of Balochistan.

Shrine
Noorani's shrine is popular in Balochistan, Pakistan after Hinglaj Mata Mandir.
His  shrine is located in a narrow valley between the mountains of Khuzdar District, Balochistan

Mela / Urs (Annual Fair) 
Shah Noorani's annual Urs (death anniversary celebration), held on the 10th Ramadan – the ninth month of the Muslim lunar calendar, brings more than half a million pilgrims from all over Pakistan.

Explosion
An explosion at a Noorani's shrine in the Pakistani region of Balochistan has killed 52 people and injured more than 100 on 13 November 2016.

References

Saints
Asian Sufis
Muslims