cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Seyfert galaxy

Seyfert galaxies are named after Carl Seyfert who first described them in 1943.

These galaxies are one of the two main types of active galaxies. The other large group are quasars. Seyfert galaxies have quasar-like nuclei: they are very distant luminous  sources of electromagnetic radiation. Their very high surface brightness has spectra with strong, high-ionisation emission lines. However, unlike quasars, their host galaxies are clearly visible.

Seyfert galaxies are about 10% of all galaxies, and are some of the most intensely studied objects in astronomy. They are thought to be powered by the same phenomena as quasars, although they are closer and less luminous than quasars. These galaxies have supermassive black holes at their centers which are surrounded by accretion discs of in-falling material. The accretion discs are believed to be the source of the observed ultraviolet radiation. Ultraviolet emission lines and absorption lines are the best way to analyse the surrounding material.

Seen in visible light, most Seyfert galaxies look like normal spiral galaxies. However, when studied under other wavelengths, it becomes clear that the luminosity of their cores is as big as the luminosity of whole galaxies the size of the Milky Way.

Examples 

Here are some notable examples of Seyfert galaxies:
 Circinus galaxy has rings of gas ejected from its center
 Centaurus A, apparently the brightest Seyfert galaxy as seen from Earth. It is a giant elliptical galaxy: a radio galaxy notable for its relativistic jet spanning more than a million light years in length.
 Messier 51a (NGC 5194), the Whirlpool Galaxy, one of the best known galaxies in the sky.
 Messier 81 (NGC 3031), a popular target for amateur astronomy and the second brightest Seyfert galaxy in the sky after Centaurus A
 Messier 87 (NGC 4486), central galaxy of the Virgo Cluster and the biggest galaxy in the Local Supercluster. It is a radio galaxy notable for its 4,400 light-year long relativistic jet powered by an immense supermassive black hole with the mass of (3.5 ± 0.2)-6.3 billion solar masses
 NGC 1672 has a nucleus engulfed by intense starburst regions

References 

Galaxies
Relativistic jet

Relativistic jets are very powerful jets of plasma with speeds close to the speed of light. They are emitted by the central black holes of some active galaxies (notably radio galaxies and  quasars), and by the black holes of massive stars and neutron stars. Their lengths can reach several thousand or even hundreds of thousands of light years.

If the jet speed is close to the speed of light, the effects of the special theory of relativity are significant. The mechanics behind how jets are created, and what they are made of, are still a matter of debate. Jet composition might vary.

Massive galactic central black holes have the most powerful jets. Similar jets on a much smaller scale develop from neutron stars and black holes in other stars. Even weaker and less relativistic jets may be associated with many binary star systems.

The general hypothesis among astrophysicists is that the formation of relativistic jets is the key to explaining the production of gamma-ray bursts. These jets have Lorentz factors of ~100 or greater (that is, speeds over roughly 0.99995c), making them some of the fastest celestial objects known at present.

References 

Relativity
Black holes
Electromagnetic radiation
I Zw 36

I Zwicky 36 (often shortened to I Zw 36) is a blue compact dwarf galaxy, meaning that it is small for a galaxy, that its stars are close together and that it gives off blue light. The stars in I Zwicky 36 are young for stars, no older than three million years.

Recent observations 
Astronomers studied I Zw 36 (≈Z⊙/14) using the Hubble Space Telescope. Before that, they took pictures using ultraviolet light using the pre-COST Faint Object Camera (FOC) and Near Infrared Camera and Multi-Object Spectrometer (NICMOS). FOC seemed to show that I Zw 36 had large, hot stars but NICMOS said it had cold stars that were small or medium sized. Some evidence shows the stars were active and then the galaxy became compact and blue. The evidence of luminous and asymptotic branches of stars suggests they formed several million years ago. The giant red branches of the galaxy may have at least 1-2 billion years.

Related pages
 Dwarf galaxy

References

Other websites
 SIMBAD Astronomical Dabatase Results for Mrk 209

Dwarf galaxies
Cadmium nitrate

Cadmium nitrate is an inorganic compound. The general formula of the compound is Cd(NO3)2.

Uses
Cadmium nitrate is used for colouring glass and porcelain. It is also used as flash powder in photography.

Preparation
Cadmium nitrate is prepared by dissolving cadmium or its oxide or its hydroxide, or its carbonate, in nitric acid followed by crystallization method:
 CdO + 2HNO3 → Cd(NO3)2 + H2O
 CdCO3 + 2 HNO3 → Cd(NO3)2 + CO2 + H2O
 Cd + 4 HNO3 → 2 NO2 + 2 H2O + Cd(NO3)2

References

Cadmium compounds
Palladium(II) nitrate

Palladium(II) nitrate is the inorganic compound with the formula Pd(NO3)2. It is a red-brown solid with a tendency to absorb water.

Preparation
Palladium nitrate may be prepared by dissolving palladium oxide hydrate in dilute nitric acid, followed by crystallization. The nitrate crystallizes as yellow-brown deliquescent prisms. The compound also may be got by treating palladium metal with nitric acid.

Reference 

Chemical compounds
Yuriko Koike

Yuriko Koike (born 15 July 1952) is a Japanese politician and the current governor of Tokyo.

She was born and raised in Ashiya, Hyōgo Prefecture. She dropped out of University in Japan, who moved to the Middle East and studied Arabic. She graduated from Cairo University in Egypt, and she began to work an interpreter and translator of Arabic. She worked as a journalist in the 1980s and entered politics in the 1990s.

References

1952 births
Living people
People from Hyōgo Prefecture
Governors of Tokyo
Japanese translators
Americium dioxide

Americium dioxide is a black compound of Americium. As a solid, AmO2 has the same structure as fluorite (CaF2).

Uses
Americium-Aluminium alloys are formed by the melting of americium dioxide with aluminium and a fluxing agent.  These alloys can be used to produce  atoms of elements having a higher atomic number than Uranium.

References

Chemical compounds
Phoenix Dwarf

The Phoenix Dwarf is a galaxy discovered as a mistaken globular cluster. It's correctly 1.14 Mly away the Earth

Characteristics-special features

It has got some young stars inside it in east-west direction and the oldest are in north south direction. It seems that it's one of the Milky Way's satellite galaxies.

Related pages
 Phoenix (constellation)
 Dwarf galaxy

References

Other websites
 
 Phoenix Dwarf Galaxy 
 Stellar populations in the Phoenix dwarf galaxy
 Phoenix Dwarf

Galaxies
Iggy Arbuckle

Iggy Arbuckle is an American/Canadian animated show created by Guy Vasilovich and produced by Blueprint Entertainment, National Geographic Kids' Entertainment, C.O.R.E. Toons and Cartoon Network and serviced by Cartoon Network. The show was debuted in July 21, 2007.                                                                                                                                                               2007 television series debuts
CJ the DJ

CJ the DJ is an Australian animated series that ran on ABC Me from December 4, 2009 to 2010. Its program creator  was Mark Gravas.

Multimedia

DVD releases 
On 1 July 2010, the Australian Broadcasting Company released the first DVD of CJ The DJ, featuring the first eight episodes.

Digital downloads 
CJ the DJ Series 1 Volumes 1 (Episodes 1 - 26) and 2 (Episodes 27 - 52) are available for download  at the ABC Online Store.

ABC iView
CJ the DJ was released on ABC iView for public viewing, though each episode was only available for viewing over a limited amount of time.

International broadcast
Brazil: Gloob

Israel: Arutz HaYeladim (סי ג'יי הדי ג'יי)

Portugal: RTP2

References

Australian television series
2009 television series debuts
2009 establishments in Australia
2010 television series endings
2010s disestablishments in Australia
English-language television programs
Parabolic trough

A parabolic trough is similar to a solar panel tower, because it has parabolic mirrors that collect large amounts of heat which is reflected on  water-filled pipes .
The water is heated until it turns into steam, rotating a turbine using a large steam piston.

The rotating turbine produces electricity, which is then transferred by transformer, before being converted DC to AC and transferred by current lines.

Related pages 
 Solar panel

Energy
I Zwicky 18

The I Zwicky 18 is an irregular dwarf galaxy. It is 45 million years light from Earth in the constellation of the Ursa Major. It was identified by first time in the 1930s by the astronomer Fritz Zwicky.

A young galaxy 
I Zwicky 18, only 500 million years of age, is a recently born galaxy compared with most. It is still making population III stars, almost entirely made of hydrogen and helium. The Milky Way is about 12,000 million years old.

Related pages 
 List of galaxies

Other websites 
 NASA/IPAC Extraglactic Database

References 

Dwarf galaxies
Ufhusen

Ufhusen is a municipality of the district of Willisau in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland.

References

Municipalities of Lucerne
Wauwil

Wauwil is a municipality of the district of Willisau in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

 Official website 

Municipalities of Lucerne
Wikon

Wikon is a municipality of the district of Willisau in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland.

References

Municipalities of Lucerne
Willisau

Willisau is a town of the district of Willisau in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland.

History
On 1 January 2006 the former municipalities of Willisau Land (W. Country) and Willisau Stadt (W. Town) merged into the new town of Willisau.

References

Other websites

 Official website of the city of Willisau 
 

2006 establishments in Switzerland
Municipalities of Lucerne
Cities in Switzerland
Zell, Lucerne

Zell is a municipality of the district of Willisau in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

 Official Website 

Municipalities of Lucerne
Wilihof

Wilihof is a village and former municipality of the district of Sursee in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland.

On 1 January 2005 the former municipalities of Wilihof and Kulmerau merged into the municipality of Triengen.

Villages in Lucerne
Former municipalities of Lucerne
Schinznach

Schinznach is a municipality of the district Brugg in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.

On 1 January 2014 the former municipalities of Oberflachs and Schinznach-Dorf merged into the new municipality of Schinznach.

Gallery

References

Other websites

 Official Website 

Municipalities of Aargau
2014 establishments in Switzerland
William Dampier

William Dampier (baptised 5 September 1651; died March 1715) was the first Englishman to explore parts of Australia. He was the first person to circumnavigate the world three times. On one voyage he rescued Alexander Selkirk, a sailor who may have inspired Daniel Defoe's Robinson Crusoe.

References

1651 births
1715 deaths
English explorers
People from Somerset
Alto Paraná Department

The Alto Paraná department () is a department of Paraguay. The capital is the city of Ciudad del Este.

Its ISO 3166-2 code  is PY-10.

Geography
The Alto Paraná department is in the central eastern part of the country, in the east of the Oriental region. It has an area of , with a population of 785,747 for a Population density of .

Limits
 To the north: Canindeyú Department department
 To the south: Itapúa department
 To the east: Brazil and Argentina
 To the west: Caaguazú and Caazapá departments

Rivers
The main river in the department is the Paraná river. The Acaray is an important tributary of the Paraná.

Climate
Ciudad del Este, the capital of the department, has a humid subtropical climate that is mild with no dry season, constantly moist (year-round rainfall). (Köppen climate classification : Cfa).

The average amount of rainfall for the year in the city is . The month with the most precipitation on average is January with  of rainfall, followed by October with .

The month with the least rainfall on average is July with an average of  and the second is August with .

Ciudad del Este is in a warm region; the average temperature for the year is . The warmest month, on average, is January with an average temperature of . The coolest month on average is June, with an average temperature of .

Districts
The department is divided in 22 districts:

Related pages
 Departments of Paraguay
 ISO 3166-2:PY

References

Other websites

 Gobernación de Alto Paraná website  
 Statoids - Departments of Paraguay

Departments of Paraguay
Kherai Puja

Kherai Puja is the most important religious festival of the Bodo people. They perform this puja on some specific occasions.

Description
The Kherai Puja is of four kinds.

Darshan Kherai 
The Darshan Kherai (दोर्सोन खेराइ) is performed during the first week of the month of 'Kati' or 'Kartik'. It celebrates the goddess of wealth and welfare, so it is also called as the 'Lwkhi Kherai'.

Umrao Kherai 
The Umrao Kherai (उमराव खेराइ) is held during the month of 'Ashara' at the end of the 'Amthi Sua' (the unclean period) for the welfare of the villagers as well as of the crops. This Kherai is also known as the 'Ashu Kherai'.

Phalo Kherai 
The Phalo Kherai (फालो खेराइ) is also known as the "Danshrang Kherai" as it is performed during the full moon at the month.

Nowani Kherai 
The Nowani Kherai (न'नि खेराइ) is performed by the family when it deems necessary. The Bodo people who believe in the traditional practice rely on the Kherai Puja and the Garja Puja for their welfare at all times.

References
 Kherai Puja celebrated at Molandubi| Assam Times (20 Feb 2016)
 Bathow Festivals of Assam  Assam state  (26 Aug 2011)
 Bathow Puja in Assam| Art & Culture| Nelive (21 March 2016)

Religious festivals
Indian culture
Ausserferrera

Ausserferrera () is a village and former municipality in the district of Hinterrhein in the canton of Graubünden in Switzerland.

On 1 January 2008 the former municipalities of Ausserferrera and Innerferrera merged into the new municipality of Ferrera.

Villages in Graubünden
Former municipalities of Graubünden
Partial fraction decomposition

Partial fraction decomposition is taking a big algebra fraction and splitting it into a bunch of smaller fractions that are added together. Partial fractions are used to get the antiderivatives of algebra fractions.

In math writing, we're turning this:

Into this:

The denominators of all these fractions are factors of g(x).

Algebra
Pygmy slow loris

The pygmy slow loris  (Nycticebus pygmaeus) is one of a number of species of slow loris. It is a small nocturnal primate with large eyes. It lives in thick forest and bamboo groves. They are found in Vietnam, Laos, China, Thailand, and parts of Cambodia. Because their habitat is reduced, their status is "vulnerable".

Life style 
They have small hands and feet, but an extraordinarily strong grasp. They can hang from branches as they catch their food. Their large eyes help  them find their food.

Their diet consists of insects and soft fruit. They eat gum from trees and  this may help them survive food shortages.

With their small size they weigh between 0.8 to 1 pound in adulthood. Usually once a male has reached maturity, they become territorial and do not tolerate other males. This is why their social life is described as solitary, although they are known to be able to live among females of their species. In captivity the lifespan of the pygmy slow loris may be 20 years.
   
They produce offspring every 12 to 18 months. The females have gestational periods of about 188 days and have small litters of one or two babies. This species do not share parenting. The offspring stay with their mothers until they reach maturity.

Survival 
When the loris feels threatened it has a defense mechanism. It gives off a bad odor. If a predator is not scared away by the smell they produce some kind of toxic secretion from their elbows. If they bite the predator, the poison is passed on. 

Despite conservation efforts, they are captured and sold for pets in markets in Vietnam. They have a very cuddly appearance but in no way are suitable to be pets.

References

Other websites 
Lincoln Park Zoo  http://www.lpzoo.org/animal/pygmy-slow-loris
Duke Lemur Center http://lemur.duke.edu/discover/meet-thelemurs/pygmy-slow loris/

Lorisoidea
Mammals of Asia
Punta La Marmora

Punta La Marmora () is a mountain in the Gennargentu range, Sardinia (Italy).

Name
The mountain is named after Alberto della Marmora, an Italian geographer and naturalist who described the island in two works: Voyage en Sardaigne (1826) and Itinéraire de l'île de Sardaigne (1860).

The name of the mountain, in the Sardinian language, was Perdas Carpìas, which means "split stones" because of its rocks of schist which tend to break into pieces.

Geography
The Punta La Marmorea is in the communes of Desulo and Arzana (province of Nuoro), in the Barbagia mountain area of inner Sardinia. With its summit at an elevation of , it is the highest peak on the Sardinia island.

Near Punta La Marmorea, there are other high mountains as Bruncu Spina that, with an elevation of , is the second highest point of Sardinia. They are part of the Gennargentu National Park.

The mountain is formed by metamorphic rocks, mainly shales, from Paleozoic era.

Punta La Marmora is just east of the approximate centre of Sardinia. On a clear day, it is possible to view from the top over a large part of Sardinia and the mountains of southern Corsica.

Climate
Snowfalls are frequent in winter, usually with an average depth over  of snow. Snowfalls are stronger in January and February.

The wind on the summit can reach up to .

Hiking
The summit is reached by hiking. The easiest route is from the Bruncu Spina mountain where there are ski lifts to get to the top; from there, it is easy to get to the five highest summits of Sardinia, including Punta La Marmora.

Related pages
List of Italian regions by highest point

References

Other websites

 Europe Ultra-Prominences

Mountains of Italy
Sardinia
Joanne (album)

Joanne is the fifth studio album by American singer-songwriter Lady Gaga.  It was released on October 21, 2016.  It was named for Gaga's aunt, her father's sister, who died before Gaga was born.  Joanne is also Gaga's middle name.

The album was produced by Gaga, Mark Ronson, Kevin Parker, and BloodPop, among other producers.  Gaga collaborated with RedOne on the song "Angel Down", which was written about Trayvon Martin, who was killed in 2012.  RedOne also helped produce Gaga's previous blockbuster hits, such as "Just Dance", "Poker Face", and "Bad Romance".  Country songwriter Hillary Lindsey also worked with Gaga on Joanne on songs like "Million Reasons". Singer-songwriter Beck worked with Gaga on the dance song "Dancin' in Circles".

Two singles were released for the album:  "Perfect Illusion" and "Million Reasons".  The first single reached the top 20 in several countries, like the US, Canada, Australia, and the UK. "Million Reasons" first peaked at number 52 on the Billboard Hot 100.  However, after her Super Bowl halftime performance on February 5, 2017, the song entered the Billboard Hot 100 again at number four.  This is Gaga's 14th top-ten song and her 10th song to reach the top five on the chart.

Gaga went on a Dive Bar Tour at three different dive bars in the United States to promote Joanne.

Critics have said that Joanne is different from Gaga's previous releases, such as The Fame, The Fame Monster, Born This Way, and Artpop.  The album sold 201,000 copies in its first week in the United States. The album entered the Billboard 200 albums chart at number one. It became Gaga's fourth number-one album in the U.S. After the album was released, Gaga became the female artist with the most number-one albums of the 2010s decade. Joanne ranked at number 108 on the Billboard 200 year-end chart of 2016 in the US.

In August 2017, Gaga began the Joanne World Tour, which was set to run through December.  However, in September 2017, Gaga canceled her performance at the Rock in Rio festival in Brazil, with Maroon 5 taking her place. The European leg of her tour was postponed to early 2018 due to severe chronic pain.  She is set to continue the remainder of the North American dates.

On October 22, 2017, Gaga announced that the album had been certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America for over one million certified units in the United States.

Track listing
The standard version of the album has 11 songs, while the deluxe version has 14.

Certifications

References

2016 albums
Pop albums
Dance albums
Rock albums
Lady Gaga albums
Milky Way–Andromeda collision

The collision between the Milky Way and Andromeda will happen about four billion years in the future.

The Andromeda galaxy is approaching the Milky Way at about  as shown by its blueshift. Until 2012, it was not known whether the possible collision was definitely going to happen or not, because its proper motion was too small to measure.

In 2012, researchers concluded that the collision is sure to happen. They used the Hubble Space Telescope to track the motion of stars in Andromeda between 2002 and 2010 with great accuracy. Andromeda's tangential or sideways velocity with respect to the Milky Way was much smaller than the speed of approach. Therefore, it is expected that it will collide with the Milky Way in around 4 billion years.

Such collisions are relatively common. Andromeda, for example, has collided with at least one other galaxy in the past. Several dwarf galaxies such as SagDEG are already colliding with the Milky Way and being merged into it. The Antennae galaxies are an example of two roughly equal spiral galaxies colliding.

References

Other websites
 The Merger of the Milky Way and Andromeda Galaxies
 Andromeda galaxy may steal our Solar System from Milky Way
 NASA's Hubble shows Milky Way is destined for head-on collision with Andromeda galaxy

Spiral galaxies
Local galaxies
Milky Way
Slow loris

Slow lorises are the genus Nycticebus, nocturnal species of strepsirrhine primates. They live in southeast Asia and nearby areas.

There are about eight species: the Sunda slow loris (N. coucang), Bengal slow loris (N. bengalensis), pygmy slow loris (N. pygmaeus), Javan slow loris (N. javanicus), Philippine slow loris (N. menagensis), Bangka slow loris (N. bancanus), Bornean slow loris (N. borneanus), and Kayan River slow loris (N. kayan).

The group's closest relatives are the slender lorises of southern India and Sri Lanka. Their next closest relatives are the African lorisids, the pottos, false pottos, and angwantibos. They are less closely related to the remaining lorisoids (the various types of galago), and more distantly to the lemurs of Madagascar. Their evolutionary history is uncertain: their fossil record is patchy and molecular clock studies have given various results.

Slow lorises eat insects, small birds and reptiles, eggs, fruits, gums, nectar and some vegetation. A 1984 study of the Sunda slow loris found its diet was 71% fruit and gums, and 29% insects and other animal prey. A more detailed study of another Sunda slow loris population in 2002 and 2003 showed different dietary proportions: 43.3% gum, 31.7% nectar, 22.5% fruit, and just 2.5% arthropods and other animal prey.

References 

Lorisoidea
Scrapie

Scrapie is a  fatal disease that affects the nervous system of sheep and goats. It is similar to Mad cow disease which affects cattle. Scrapie was first described in 1732. Much like with mad cow disease, prions seem to be involved in transmitting it.

Animal diseases
Stone slab

A stone slab is a big stone, flat and of little thickness, that are generally used  for paving floors, for covering walls or as headstones.

Other definitions refine the meaning a bit more:
 Flat big stone  and of little thickness.     
 Flat stone, relatively thin, of rectangular form or almost rectangular...

Slabs used in dolmens 
Most dolmen constructions they were build using stone slabs of big dimensions. Their architecture often includes a corridor of access that can be constructed usins stone slabs or dry stones. The burial chamber, with variable shapes (rectangular, polygonal, oval, circular ...) can also be preceded by an anteroom. In some dolmens, the entrance has a door cut into one or more vertical stone slabs.

Slabs in the construction 

The main applications of the slabs as material of construction are for pavings and in the construction of roofs. But they can be employed for other uses, among them:

 Balconies formed from a slab
 Dry stone constructions of : walls, caves, rooms.
 The base of some some fireplaces are build with stone slabs (a big one or some smaller together).
 In religious altars, the altar stone can be a stone slab, more or less elaborated or in its natural state.
 In rustic tables.
 Slate slabs used for roofs.

Slabs in the gastronomy 
A system to cook the foods is “to the slab”. In like manner to the systems of “to the iron” or “grilled”, in the procedure to bake to the slab the foods course (meat, fish, vegetables,...) They put  on a slab hot on of the fire. With oil, butter or lard and all the aditaments with that want to dress  the teak.
 This system was rather popular in zones of the Pyrenees and often practised by farmers and shepherds. At present it can  consider incorporated to the gastronomy of all the levels.     
 The same slab to cook can employ, sometimes, to serve . Taking it out of the fire and carrying it to the table. Or using it directly like dish. When conserving the slab the heat more than other utensils can enjoy  of foods to a higher temperature and during more time.

Grave slabs 

From prehistoric times there are examples of graves covered with a stone slab, in its natural state or carved. This use as tombstone  has extended the concept of natural slab to the tombstone variant: flat, thin and polished. Example: the tomb of King Peter the Great,

The tombstones use to have some inscriptions. The information on the stone slab traditionally  includes the name of the deceased and his date of birth and death. The inscriptions are generally in the frontal side of the stone slab but also in some cases in the verso and around the edges of the slab, some families request to write an inscription in the unseen part of the stone slab (oriented to the ground). Apart from the name, some slabs also have epitaphs in praise of the deceased or citations of religious texts, as "Requiescat in pace".

Related pages 
 Sandstone
 Slate
 Gravestone

References

Other websites

Stone slab believed to have held jesus body uncovered

Architecture
Marecchia

The Marecchia () is a river of the Emilia-Romagna region. The city of Rimini gets its name from the Latin name of the river.

Its low course marks the end of the Padan Plain ().

Geography
The Marecchia river has a length of , and a drainage basin with an area of approximately .

Its discharge (volume of water which passes through a section of the river per unit of time) depends of the season: in the autumn could be as high as  but is very low during summer. Most of the time, the discharge is about .

Course
The Marecchia river flows through a valley named after it, Valmarecchia. The river starts at about  west of Viamaggio (comune of Pieve Santo Stefano) and about  southwest of the comune of Badia Tedalda, in the province of Arezzo (Tuscany), in the Alpe della Luna at an elevation of  above sea level.

At about  to the northeast of Badia Tedalda, the river gets into the Emilia-Romagna region, in the Casteldelci comune, province of Rimini. Then it flows through Ca 'Raffaello, an exclave of Badia Tedalda; to the north of here, the Senatello river flows into the Marecchia as a left tributary. Later, in Ponte Masa, the Masa river flows from the right into the Marecchia.

Shortly after Torello, the San Marino river flows as a right tributary and, after the Verucchio comune, the Ausa flows also from the right.

Between the frazioni (Italian subdivisions of a municipality) of Rivabella and San Giuliano, in Rimini, the Marecchia river ends in the Adriatic Sea.

The Bridge of Tiberius () or Bridge of Augustus () is a Roman bridge in Rimini. Its construction began in times of Augustus but was finished in 20 AD in times of Tiberius.

Main tributaries 
The tributaries of the Marecchia river are:

Gallery

Related pages
 List of rivers of Italy

References

Other websites
 
 Fiume italiani: Fiume Malrecchia 

Rivers of Italy
Emilia-Romagna
Tuscany
Shijiazhuang

Shijiazhuang (石家庄) is a city in China. It is the capital of Hebei province.

The city is at the edge of the North China Plain. It is about  southwest of Beijing.

Cities in China
Manchu queue

The Manchu queue or the Manchu braid was a hairstyle that all men in China during the Qing Dynasty (1644-1912) had to wear. After the overthrow of the Qing dynasty, Chinese men no longer had to wear the Manchu queue.

Hairstyles
War bride

During war, or when a country is occupied, many people who serve in the military are present in that country. Some of these people are soldiers, other people are part of military personnel. Women who marry those people are known as war brides. The effect is well-documented for the period of the First and Second World War, but it also applies to other wars, such as the Philippine–American War, the Vietnam War, the Korean War or the Occupation of Japan. 

Marriage
Neravy

Neravy is a town as well as in the Karaikal district of Puducherry Union territory, India. This town is located 145km away from Pondicherry, the capital of this union territory.

Population
The population of Neravy is 10890 according to 2001 Census of India. The male population is 5392 and female population is 5494. The literacy rate of the town is 81.19%.

Commune
Neravy commune is one of the 5 communes in Karaikal district.

Reference

Towns in India
Settlements in Puducherry
Karaikal District
Catenary

A catenary is a type of curve. An ideal chain hanging between two supports and acted on by a uniform gravitational force makes the shape of a catenary. (An ideal chain is one that can bend perfectly, cannot be stretched and has the same density throughout.) The supports can be at different heights and the shape will still be a catenary. A catenary looks a bit like a parabola, but they are different.

The equation for a catenary in Cartesian coordinates is
 
where  is a parameter that determines the shape of the catenary and  is the hyperbolic cosine function, which is defined as
 .
Hence, we can also write the catenary equation as
 .

The word "catenary" comes from the Latin word catena, which means "chain". A catenary is also called called an alysoid and a chainette.

References 

Geometry
Perfect information

Perfect information has different definitions depending on the field.

In economics, the term perfect information refers to an element of competition in a market which is perfect and idealized. This is commonly known as perfect competition.

In the mathematical branch of game theory, a perfect information game uses perfect information if all the actions taken in the game are known, and the state of the game's materials is available to all players. Perfect information is a type of common knowledge. Perfect information relates to the materials of the game, and to the rules of the game.

It follows that imperfect information is when elements of the game (materials or rules) are not equally available to all participants. 

Perfect information games do not require that each player has a working memory of past positions but that merely they have had the opportunity to view such past actions.

Examples 

In a game of chess or go, the pieces and the rules are known, but the implications of the position are not. This identifies chess as a perfect information game. In competitive card games like bridge and poker, the cards held by opponents are not known, or only partly known. They are not perfect information games.

Mathematics
Holon Children's Museum

Holon Children's Museum () is the first museum dedicated for children in Israel. It was opened in 2001. The museum is located in Shimon Peres Park in Holon.

Other websites 

  Holon Children's Museum

Museums in Israel
2001 establishments
2000s establishments in Israel
Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War

A timeline of events leading up to the American Civil War describes the events which historians recognize as contributing to the American Civil War. Many of these events lead back to the founding of the country. The United States Constitution makes only a few mentions of slavery leaving it largely up to the individual states to govern it. As the Northern and Southern United States developed along separate lines, slavery eventually disappeared from the North. It became an institution in the South. As new parts of the country opened up to settlement the issues over slavery started a long-standing controversy between North and South. It became a burning issue and led to secession of several Southern states. This in general led to the Civil War.

Timeline

1600s

1700s

1800s

Key events that triggered the war

References

Other websites 
 Causes of the Civil War Part 1; YouTube
 Causes of the Civil War Part 2; YouTube
 The Dred Scott Decision; YouTube
 Lincoln vs Douglas debate; YouTube
West London Synagogue

West London Synagogue is the oldest Reform synagogue located in London, England, United Kingdom. The synagogue was established on 15 April 1840.

Building 
The current building, built in 1870, is located near Marble Arch in London. The main sanctuary is built in the Byzantine architectural style. The premises also contain offices, a library and community facilities.

Other websites 
The West London Synagogue
The Movement for Reform Judaism

Synagogues
Buildings and structures in London
Julio César Turbay Ayala

Julio César Turbay Ayala (18 June 1916 – 13 September 2005) was the 25th President of Colombia from 1978 to 1982.

Biographic data 
Turbay was born in a poor neighborhood on June 18, 1916. His father, Antonio Amín Turbay, was a businessman who emigrated from Tannourine, Lebanon.
His mother, Rosaura Ayala, was a peasant from the province of Cundinamarca. Turbay’s father was a hard working merchant who had built a fortune, which he completely lost during the civil war of the Thousand Days War.

Presidency

1978 Security Statute

In response to an increase in guerrilla activity, a 1978 decree known as the Security Statute was implemented by Turbay's administration.

The Security Statute gave the military an increased degree of freedom of action, especially in urban areas, to detain, interrogate and eventually judge suspected guerrillas or their collaborators before military tribunals. Human rights organizations, newspaper columnists, political  personalities and opposition groups complained about an increase in the number of arbitrary detentions and acts of torture as a result.

1980 Dominican embassy crisis
In late 1980, sixteen ambassadors were held hostage for 61 days as part of a takeover of the Dominican Republic's embassy. The incident soon spread throughout worldwide headlines, as ambassadors from the United States of America, Costa Rica, Mexico, Peru, Israel and Venezuela had been taken hostage, as well as Colombia's top representative to the Holy See.

Turbay, despite pressure from military and political sectors, avoided deciding to solve the crisis through the use of direct military force, and instead eventually agreed to let the M-19 rebels travel to Cuba. Allegedly, the rebels also received USD 1 million as payment, instead of the initial $50 million that they had originally demanded from the government.

Personal life 

Turbay married his niece, Nydia Quintero Turbay, on July 1, 1948. They had four children together: Julio César, Diana, Claudia, and María Victoria. However, their marriage was annulled by the Roman Catholic Church, and in 1986 he married his longtime companion Amparo Canal, to whom he remained married until his death.

In January 1991, Turbay's daughter Diana was kidnapped by orders of the Medellín Cartel and died during a failed police rescue operation not sanctioned by her family. Her kidnapping is chronicled in News of a Kidnapping by the Nobel Prize-winning author Gabriel García Márquez (1996) and depicted in multiple onscreen productions.

Death 
Turbay died on September 13, 2005. He was honored by a state funeral personally led by President Álvaro Uribe and was buried at the Sacromonte Caves at Canton Norte, an army base in Bogotá.

References

Other websites
 Find-A-Grave biography

1916 births
2005 deaths
Presidents of Colombia
Aisne (river)

The Aisne is a river in northeastern France. It is a left tributary of the Oise river. It gave its name to the French department of Aisne. It was known in Roman times with its Celtic name of Axona.

Geography
The Aisne river has a length of , and a drainage basin with an area of .

Course
The source of the Aisne is in the "Forest of Argonne", in the Rembercourt-Sommaisne commune (Meuse), near the border with the Marne department, at an altitude of about . From here, the Aisne flows to the west.

The Aisne river flows through 2 regions and 5 departments. It flows through the following communes, among others:
 Grand Est region
 Meuse:  Vaubecourt, Triaucourt-en-Argonne
 Marne: Sainte-Menehould
 Ardennes: Vouziers, Attigny, Rethel, Château-Porcien, Asfeld
 Hauts-de-France region
 Aisne: Neufchâtel-sur-Aisne, Vailly-sur-Aisne, Soissons, Vic-sur-Aisne
 Oise: Attichy, Trosly-Breuil, Compiègne

Finally, it flows into the Oise river in the city of Compiègne.

Main tributaries
The main tributaries of the Aisne river are:

Left tributaries:
 Ante - 26 km
 Auve - 20.2 km
 Bionne - 15.5 km
 Retourne - 45.4 km
 Suippe - 81.7 km
 Tourbe - 21.1 km
 Vesle - 139.5 km
 Crise - 23.5 km

Right tributaries:
 Biesme - 28.1 km
 Aire - 125.6 km
 Vaux - 37.7 km

Hydrology 
Its average yearly discharge (volume of water which passes through a section of the river per unit of time) is  at Trosly-Breuil in the Oise department.

Average monthly discharge (m3/s) at Trosly-Breuil (1961 - 2002)

The Aisne shows typical seasonal fluctuations. The highest levels of the river are in winter and spring, from December to May inclusive, with the highest level in February. They are followed by a rapid fall in the flow during the low water period that goes from July to October.

Gallery

Related pages
 List of rivers of France

References

Rivers of France
Grand Est
Hauts-de-France
Damodar River

The Damodar River is a river in India. It flows through the states of West Bengal and Jharkhand. The river is nicknamed "the Sorrow of Bengal" because of the floods in the plains of West Bengal.

Tributaries
The Damodar River has many tributaries. They are:
 Barakar River
 Konar River
 Bokaro River
 Haharo River
 Jamunia River
 Ghari River
 Guaia River
 Khadia River
 Bhera River

Sorrow of Bengal
Chota Nagpur Plateau receives an annual rainfall of around . The volume of this monsoon rain produces the floods of the Damodar River. Many of the floods of the Damodar River is recorded in the years of 1700, 1855, 1866, 1926, 1935 and 1943.

References

Rivers of West Bengal
Rivers of Jharkhand
Domain name registrar

A domain name registrar is a company designed to provide domain registration service to other companies or individuals that would like to own a particular web address. The party seeking to register the site will usually pay the domain name registrar a flat or monthly fee to keep the name registered, so that no other person is able to acquire the web address. The systems setup by the domain name registrar translates IP addresses into easily identifiable domain names. this is called the domain name registrar.

References

Internet standards
Computing
Electronics
Magnetic storage

Magnetic storage is a way of storing data that uses magnets to store binary data. It uses patterns of positive and negative magnetisation to store data using read/write heads, which can view and change the magnetisation. A few examples include hard disk drives, floppy disks, and magnetic stripes.

Computers
Magnetism
Arrondissements of the Aisne department

There are 5 arrondissements in the Aisne department. The French departments, and in other countries, are divided into arrondissements, which may be translated into English as districts (in some cases, as boroughs). The capital of an arrondissement is called a subprefecture.

If the prefecture (capital) of the department is in an arrondissement, that prefecture is the capital of the arrondissement, acting both as a prefecture and as a subprefecture.

Arrondissements are further divided into communes.

The arrondissements of the Aisne are:

History
Since its creation, the Aisne department has had few changes:
 1790 : creation of the department with six districts: Saint-Quentin, Vervins, Laon, Chauny, Soissons and Château-Thierry; the capital was Laon.
 1800 : creation of five arrondissements: Laon, Château-Thierry, Saint-Quentin, Soissons and Vervins.
 1926 : the arrondissement of Château-Thierry was eliminated.
 1942 : Château-Thierry was made again an arrondissement.

Related pages
List of arrondissements of France

References

Aisne
Union Defence Force (UAE)

The Union Defence Force is the armed forces of the United Arab Emirates. It defends all seven emirates. It consists of 65,000 personnel, and its headquarters are in Abu Dhabi, UAE. It has been used twice in Sharjah. 

United Arab Emirates
Military
Tecumseh

Tecumseh ( ; March 1768  – October 5, 1813) was a Native American leader of the Shawnee and a large tribal confederacy (known as  Tecumseh's Confederacy) which opposed the United States during Tecumseh's War and became an ally of Britain in the War of 1812. He is also the earliest known ruler of the Shawnee Tribe.

Family
Tecumseh had a brother named Tenskwatawa. Tenskwatawa was known as the town drunkard in the town until he changed and became religious. When Tecumseh left for a business trip and left Tenskwatawa in charge, he didn't do a good job. He started a war with his leadership, and a while after Tecumseh returned, Tecumseh was killed. Tecumseh also has a son named Cheeseekau.

References

Notes

1768 births
1813 deaths
Croquet

Croquet is a sport. It was officially registered by Isaac Spratt in November 1856. It involves hitting plastic or wooden balls with a mallet through hoops (often called "wickets" in the United States) embedded in a grass playing court.

Sports
Computational linguistics

Computational Linguistics is a field of linguistics that deals with making computers understand human language.  Some of the biggest sub-fields of computational linguistics are:

Speech Recognition, which is a computer program that listens to people talk and writes down what they said

Speech Synthesis, which is a computer program that takes writing and reads it out loud

Machine Translation, which is a computer program that turns one language into a different one

Dialog Systems, which is a computer program that talks back-and-forth with a human to help them do something

Computing
Dhuys-et-Morin-en-Brie

Dhuys-et-Morin-en-Brie is a commune in the Aisne department of northern France. The municipality was established on 1 January 2016 and consists of the former communes of Artonges, La Celle-sous-Montmirail, Fontenelle-en-Brie and Marchais-en-Brie.

The town hall is in Marchais-en-Brie.

Name
The commune of Dhuys-et-Morin-en-Brie gets is name from:
 Dhuys (or Dhuis), a small river, , that flows through the commune.
 Petit Morin, , a left tributary of the Marne river that also flows through the commune.
 Brie, the natural region where is the commune, a small plateau.

Geography
Dhuys-et-Morin-en-Brie is in the southern part of the Aisne department at  to the south of Laon, the prefecture of the department, and at  to the southeast of Château-Thierry, the subprefecture of the arrondissement.

It has an area of  with an altitude of .

Composition
The commune is formed by:

Related pages
 Communes of the Aisne department
 Arrondissement of Château-Thierry

References

2016 establishments in France
Communes in Aisne
Gennifer Flowers

Gennifer Flowers (born January 24, 1950) is an American model and actress. She became known after she revealed a sexual affair with President Bill Clinton. Before Clinton's presidency, she posed nude in Penthouse magazine. She also acted in two movies and one television show.

Flowers was born in Oklahoma City.

References

American television actors
American movie actors
Models from Oklahoma
Actors from Oklahoma City
1950 births
Living people
IOS 10

iOS 10 is a version of iOS released on September 13, 2016, preceded by iOS 9. iOS 10 includes new features such as 3D touch improvements, the lock screen, Emojis in Messages, Siri's compatibility to third-party apps, and many others. This is the first time Apple has dropped support for devices since iOS 8. Apple since then have a limited support for the iPhone 5, iPhone 5C, and the fourth-generation iPad.

Changes 
iOS 10 supports Xserve.

Messages 
The user now has the option of downloading applications from a app store in Messages.

References 

Operating systems
IOS
Ivory-billed woodpecker

The ivory-billed woodpecker (Campephilus principalis) is a possibly extinct species of woodpecker. It would be about  in length. Its wingspan would be . It is one of 23 species which the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has declared extinct.However, the UCN have not changed its assesment of the species, and the USFWS statement might be revoged in 2022, acording to Matt Courtman from Mission Ivorybill.

The last sighting was in Arkansas in 2004. They were often mistaken for pileated woodpeckers. The males had red crests, and the females had black crests.

References

Piciformes
McCollough effect

The McCollough effect is a phenomenon of human vision:  Colorless gratings appear colored contingent on the orientation of the gratings. People need time to see the effect. For example, if someone looks at a red horizontal grating and then at a green vertical grating for a few minutes, a black-and-white horizontal grating will look greenish and a black-and-white vertical grating will then look pinkish. The effect is remarkable for often lasting up to three months or more.

The effect was discovered by American psychologist Celeste McCollough in 1965.

References

Vision
Vallées-en-Champagne

Vallées-en-Champagne is a commune in the Aisne department of northern France. The municipality was established on 1 January 2016 and consists of the former communes of Baulne-en-Brie, La Chapelle-Monthodon and Saint-Agnan.

The town hall is in Baulne-en-Brie.

Geography
Vallées-en-Champagne is in the southeastern part of the Aisne department, on the border with the Marne department, at  to the south of Laon, the prefecture of the department, and at  to the southeast of Château-Thierry, the subprefecture of the arrondissement.

It has an area of  with an altitude of .

Composition
The commune is formed by:

Related pages
 Communes of the Aisne department
 Arrondissement of Château-Thierry

References

Communes in Aisne