Vilnius

Vilnius is the largest city and the capital of Lithuania, with a population of 553,904 (850,700 together with Vilnius County) as of December 2005. It is the seat of the Vilnius city municipality and of the Vilnius district municipality. It is also the capital of Vilnius County. Vilnius lies 312 kilometres (194 mi) from the Baltic Sea and Klaipėda, the chief Lithuanian seaport. Vilnius is connected by highways to other major Lithuanian cities, such as Kaunas (102 km/63 mi away), Šiauliai (214 km/133 mi away) and Panevėžys (135 km/84 mi away).

History 
See History of Vilnius

Population 
According to the 2001 census by the Vilnius Regional Statistical Office, there were 542,287 inhabitants in the Vilnius city municipality, of which 57.8% were Lithuanians, 18.7% Poles, 14% Russians, 4.0% Belarusians, 1.3% Ukrainians and 0.5% Jews.

Climate 
The climate of Vilnius is considered as Humid Continental or Hemiboreal by Köppen climate classification. Summers can be hot, with temperatures above thirty degrees Celsius throughout the day. Winters can be very cold, with temperatures rarely reaching above freezing

Tourism 

Vilnius is a cosmopolitan city with diverse architecture. There are more than 40 churches in Vilnius. Restaurants, hotels and museums have sprouted since Lithuania declared independence.  Like most medieval towns, Vilnius was developed around its Town Hall. The Old Town, the historical centre of Vilnius, is one of the largest in Europe (3.6 km²). The most valuable historic and cultural sites are concentrated here. The main sights of the city are Gediminas Castle and Cathedral Square, symbols of the capital. The Old Town of Vilnius was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1994. In 1995, the first bronzecast of Frank Zappa in the world was installed near the center of Vilnius with the permission of the government.

Economy 
Vilnius is the major economic centre of Lithuania and one of the largest financial centres of the Baltic states.

Education 
The city has many universities. The biggest are:
 Vilnius University
 Vilnius Gediminas Technical University
 Mykolas Romeris University
 Vilnius Pedagogical University

Specialized higher schools with the university status are:

 General Jonas Žemaitis Military Academy of Lithuania
 Lithuanian Academy of Music and Theatre
 Vilnius Academy of Fine Arts
 National M. K. Čiurlionis School of Art

Religion

Vilnius is the Roman Catholic center of the country, with the main church institutions and Archdiocesan Cathedral located here. There are many churches in the city as there are many monasteries and religion schools. The Church architecture in the city includes Gothic, Renaissance, Baroque and Neoclassical styles, these styles can be foundin the Old Town. Vilnius is considered one of the main centers of the Polish Baroque movement in architecture of churches. Vilnius has been home to an Eastern Orthodox Christian presence since the thirteenth century. A famous Russian Orthodox monastery, named for the Holy Spirit, is located near the Gate of Dawn.  St. Paraskeva's Orthodox Church in the Old Town is the site of the baptism of Hannibal, the great-grandfather of Pushkin, by Tsar Peter the Great in 1705. A  number of Protestant and other Christian groups are present in Vilnius, most notably the Lutheran Evangelicals and the Baptists.
 Once widely known as Yerushalayim De Lita (the "Jerusalem of Lithuania"), Vilnius once was comparable only to Jerusalem, Israel, as a world center for the study of the Torah, and for its large Jewish population. That is why one part of Vilnius was named Jeruzalė. At the end of the 19th century, the number of synagogues in Vilnius was more than hundred.
Islam came to Lithuania in the 14th century from Crimea and Kazan, through the Tatars. Tatars in Lithuania have maintained their religious practices: currently, about 3,000 Tatar Muslims live in Lithuania. There are same few groups of pre-Christian pagan in the city.

Subdivisions 

The city of Vilnius is made up of 21 elderates that are based on neighbourhoods:
 Verkiai — includes Baltupiai, Jeruzalė, Santariškės, Balsiai, Visoriai
 Antakalnis — includes Valakampiai, Turniškės, Dvarčionys
 Pašilaičiai — includes Tarandė
 Fabijoniškės — includes Bajorai
 Pilaitė
 Justiniškės
 Viršuliškės
 Šeškinė
 Šnipiškės
 Žirmūnai — includes Šiaurės miestelis
 Karoliniškės
 Žvėrynas
 Grigiškės — a separate town included in the Vilnius city municipality
 Lazdynai
 Vilkpėdė — includes Vingis park
 Naujamiestis — includes bus and train stations
 Senamiestis (Old Town) — includes Užupis
 Naujoji Vilnia — includes Pavilnys, Pūčkoriai
 Paneriai — includes Trakų Vokė, Gariūnai
 Naujininkai — includes Kirtimai, Salininkai, Vilnius International Airport
 Rasos — includes Belmontas, Markučiai

Transport

Motorways 
Vilnius is the starting point of the Vilnius-Kaunas-Klaipėda motorway that runs across Lithuania and connects the three major cities. The Vilnius-Panevėžys motorway is a branch of the Via-Baltica.

Airports 
Vilnius International Airport serves most Lithuanian international flights to many major European destinations.

Public Transport 
Vilnius has a  public transportation system. There are over 60 bus and 19 trolleybus routes, the trolleybus network is one of the biggest in Europe. Over 250 buses and 260 trolleybuses transport about 500,000 people every day. In the end of year 2007 a new electronic monthly ticket system was introduced.

Sister cities 
Vilnius has 14 sister cities.

References

Other websites

 
 Vilnius Public Transport System