cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Fire-stick farming

Fire-stick farming are words used by Australian archaeologist Rhys Jones in 1969. They describe the way that Indigenous Australians used fire regularly to burn the land. This helped hunting by herding the animals into particular areas, and also caused new grass to grow which attracted more animals. Over many years it changed the types of plants and animals that lived in an area.

Fire-stick farming had turned scrub into grassland, which increased the numbers of grass eating animals such as the kangaroo. Scientists say that the changes caused by fire-stick farming caused the extinction of the Australian megafauna.

In the forests, fire-stick farming opened up clear areas and let more plants grow at ground level. This increased the number of animals that could feed on these plants, such as the herbivore marsupials.

References
Jones, R. 1969. Fire-stick Farming. Australian Natural History, 16:224
Miller, G. H. 2005. Ecosystem Collapse in Pleistocene Australia and a Human Role in Megafaunal Extinction. Science, 309:287-290

Indigenous Australian culture
Agriculture in Australia
Derek and Clive

Derek and Clive were a comedy character duo made up by Dudley Moore and Peter Cook.  They can be seen as more offensive version of the earlier characters Pete and Dud.  They used many swear words and worked as lavatory attendants.

Albums
Derek and Clive (Live) (1976)
Derek and Clive Come Again (1977)
Derek and Clive Ad Nauseam (1978)

Film
Derek and Clive Get the Horn (1979)

Duos
Television characters
Peter Cook

Peter Cook (17 November 1937 – 9 January 1995) was a English satirist, writer, actor and comedian. He was born in Torquay, Devon and became famous when he appeared in a stage show called Beyond the Fringe in 1960.

He later continued working with another star of Beyond the Fringe, Dudley Moore. Two of the things they did together were Not Only... But Also and later Derek and Clive. They also appeared in films like the original Bedazzled.

Cook later helped start the magazine Private Eye. He also was involved with comedy performances for Amnesty International.  

He died of liver disease in Hampstead, London. He is still regarded as a major influence in British comedy.

Other websites
Private Eye

1937 births
1995 deaths
Deaths from liver disease
Actors from Devon
English comedians
English movie actors
English screenwriters
English television actors
English television writers
Writers from Devon
Disease-related deaths in England
Miocene

The Miocene is the first epoch of the Neogene period and the fourth of the Cainozoic. It started about 23 million years ago and ended about 5.33 million years ago. The rock beds that mark the start and end are well known, but the exact dates of the start and end of the period are uncertain. The biota becomes 'modern'.

The Miocene was named by Sir Charles Lyell. Its name comes from the Greek words  (, “less”) and  (, “new”) and means "less recent", because it has 18% fewer modern sea invertebrates than the Pliocene.

As the earth cooled, it went from the Oligocene epoch, through the Miocene, and into the Pliocene. The Miocene boundaries are not set at any particular world wide event. They are set at regional boundaries between the warmer Oligocene and the cooler Pliocene epochs.

The plants and animals of the Miocene were fairly modern, but familiar present-day species had not yet evolve. Modern families of mammals and birds existed. Whales, seals, and kelp spread. Modern sharks appeared, including the huge Megalodon. Grasslands became more common. Mammalian browsers became less common, and grazer species became more common. About 100 species of ape lived at that time, and cetaceans were very common in the seas. The giganic shark Carcharodon megalodon may have preyed on them.

Climate 
The climate was warm in the Miocene, especially in the first half. The diagram shows that throughout the Oligocene and the first half of the Miocene, climate remained warm.

This meant that Africa (and elsewhere) was much more forested than today, and that the herbivorous mammals were mainly browsers rather than grazers. In the second half of the Miocene temperatures dropped, and grasslands began to expand.

Mediterranean 
Another great event, which undoubtedly affected climate, was the refilling of the Mediterranean basin. The so-called Zanclean flood is thought to have refilled the Mediterranean Sea 5.33 million years ago.
This reconnected the Mediterranean Sea to the Atlantic Ocean. It is possible that even before the flood there were partial connections to the Atlantic Ocean.

According to this model, water from the Atlantic Ocean refilled the dried up basin through the modern-day Strait of Gibraltar. The process took up to two years.

The flood may have affected global climate, considering that the much smaller flood triggered when Lake Agassiz drained did result in a cold period.

Related pages 
 Human timeline

References 

Cainozoic
Asterales

The Asterales are an order of flowering plants which include the composite family Asteraceae (sunflowers, daisies, thistles, etc.) and its related families.

Families 
Alseuosmiaceae
Argophyllaceae
Asteraceae - Daisies
Calyceraceae
Campanulaceae (incl. Lobeliaceae) - Bellflowers
Goodeniaceae (incl. Brunoniaceae)
Menyanthaceae
Pentaphragmaceae
Phellinaceae
Rousseaceae (incl. Carpodetaceae)
Stylidiaceae (also Donatiaceae)
Asteraceae

The family Asteraceae or Compositae (the aster, daisy, or sunflower family) is the largest family of flowering plants. It has the most species. 

What looks like its flower is really made of  hundreds or thousands of tiny individual flowers. The technical term for it is a pseudanthium ("false flower"). 

The driving force for the evolution of the Asteraceae was that the composite flowers look attractive to pollinating insects. A large brightly coloured flower attracts insects. The other quality insects like is the scent of the pollen and the sugary nectar in the flowers. The asters are very successful (over 32,000 known species of flowering plants in over 1,900 genera in the order Asterales). Their success is due to what they offer to visiting insects. It is also due to their ability to grow almost anywhere, but especially on grass.

Heterocarpy, or amphicarpy, the ability of an annual species to produce different fruit morphs, is common in Asteraceae. It allows seeds to be dispersed over varying distances, each type adapted to different environment. This increases the chances of survival.

References
Australian Defence Force

The Australian Defence Force (ADF) is the military organisation responsible for the defence of Australia. It is made up of the Royal Australian Navy, the Australian Army, the Royal Australian Air Force and a number of joint groups.

At first the Australian Government set up three separate armed services. In 1976, the government decided to have a single military headquarters. Over time, the three services have combined headquarters, logistics and training camps.

The ADF is small, but uses a lot of technology. With 53,000 full-time active-duty service people and 20,000 part-time reserve forces, it is the largest military force in Oceania. It is much smaller than most Asian military forces. The ADF does not have enough people in some highly skilled areas, but it is still able to send forces in many regions outside Australia.

References

Other websites

 Australian Defence Organisation website

Military of Australia
Defence Force
1976 establishments
1970s establishments in Australia
COSHH

The Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations 2002 (COSHH) is a set of rules in the United Kingdom. Employers are to protect employees and other persons from the hazards of substances used at work. 

The tasks that employers have to make according to COSHH include: 
 Finding out what are the hazards to people's health in the workplace. 
 Deciding how to prevent the damage to people's health - this is called risk assessment. 
 Giving tools for reducing the damage to people's health. 
 Making sure these tools are used. 
 Keeping all these tools in order. 
 Giving important information and teaching people how to use the tools and reduce health risk.  
 Keeping track of health, when this is needed. 
 Planning for times of emergency - for example an accident, when a dangerous material is spilled. 
 

United Kingdom law
Manga Kenchogokuryu

Manga Kenchuugokuryu(Anti China-wave) is a manga written by Sharin Yamano, Japanese comic artist. Kenchuugokuryu, means "Anti-China" or "Anti-Chinese wave". As the title says, China is the target of criticism. Kenchogokuryu was published by Shinyusha. .

Contents 
No 1, Education of the anti Japanese
No 2, To China ODA
No 3, China attack of the other Asia and tibet
No 4, Bad Chinese food
No 5, Chinese students are spy in Japan
No 6, Blood and thunder in Beijing olympic Games
No 7, Broadcast of Anti Japan
No 8, The Truth about Nanjing(The truth of the Nanking Massacre)

Sharin Yamano's Comic Book 
《Anti Korean-wave1》 Sharin Yamano, 
《Anti Korean-wave2》 Sharin Yamano, 
《Anti Korean-wave3》 Sharin Yamano, 
《Anti China-wave》Sharin Yamano,

Other websites 
 - Manga Anti China's Website 
 - Buy a Comic in Amazon

Manga
Dyskobolia Grodzisk Wielkopolski

Dyskobolia Grodzisk Wielkopolski, is a Polish football club based in Grodzisk Wielkopolski, Poland.

Successes 
 Orange Ekstraklasa (First league):
 2nd place (2): 2003, 2005
 Polish Cup:
 Winner (2): 2005, 2007
 Polish League Cup:
 Winner (2): 2007, 2008

Other websites 
  official website 

Polish football clubs
1922 establishments in Europe
1920s establishments in Poland
Car navigation

Car navigation allows an automobile driver to see where he or she is on a map at any given time. Automobile navigation can rely on GPS (Global Positioning System), or it can be DVD- or data-based. GPS-bsed navigation uses radio signals from special satellites that send their position and the time of transmission. The GPS receiver catches the signal and calculates the time. The GPS can then calculate the distance from the satellite with the well-known radio signal speed.

Satellites
When driving a car with such a GPS receiver, the driver may receive information from a satellite which is above for instance Dover in the south and another one which is above Perth in the north. Then the GPS receiver knows precisely how far it is from Dover and how far it is from Perth. With that two possible positions of the car at the flat land are precisely determined.

To know which one of those positions is the right place, the GPS receiver needs a third satellite, for instance above Land's End in the west. With that information, the GPS receiver can also determine elevation. With three satellites in fact there is still a third possible point, but that is twice as high as the satellites above the earth's surface and does not need to be reckoned with in car travel.
 
But the GPS receiver still needs a fourth satellite, because the GPS receiver needs to know the time very precisely. In between it knows your car position, so that it can calculate the distance from that satellite. Then it knows the time of reception, because that is the time of transmission plus the travel time of the signal.

The GPS receiver 

At any moment the GPS receiver searches for the strongest satellites, calculates the position and the driving direction and then shows it all on a small screen as a three-dimensional map. With that it also shows the vehicle's driving speed and how far it is to the next junction.

The driver may add the address where he or she wants to go. The GPS receiver then directs the driver to their destination step-by-step, often using voice prompts. The driver can even be shown where there are traffic jams, speed cameras and traffic lights, and the route can be calculated in such a way that these can be avoided, reducing the time needed for the driver to reach his or her destination.

If the driver deviates from the indicated route, the GPS receiver can provide new directions to the same destination, by repeating the same calculations.

Maps 
To show where the car is with the calculated position, the GPS receiver contains digital maps. Many GPS receivers allow users to add more maps or newer maps to allow for better navigation.

Mobile phones 
Mobile phones are often equipped with GPS receivers, but most require a mobile Internet connection to function. Nokia's HERE Maps are able to store maps for offline use, and because of this, phones that have this app installed can be used as GPS navigation systems as mentioned above.

Other websites

Navigation
Road transport
WWE Extreme Rules

WWE Extreme Rules is a yearly pay-per-view event from WWE. The match during Extreme Rules pay-per-views usually center around hardcore wrestling.

The event was originally known as WWE One Night Stand from 2005 - 2008. The 2005 and 2006 editions served as reunion events for Extreme Championship Wrestling (ECW).

Events

References

Other websites 
 Official website of Extreme Rules

Extreme Championship Wrestling
WWE Extreme Rules
WWE Night of Champions

Night of Champions is a yearly professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event run by World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE).

The event started as a pay-per-view under the name Vengeance in 2001, replacing Armageddon for that year due to the possible insensitivity of the latter's name with respect to the September 11 attacks. In 2002, Vengeance took over Fully Loaded's pay-per-view spot. The 2003 event was belonged to the SmackDown! brand, while from 2004 to 2006, the events were Raw only. In 2005, Vengeance was moved again, this time changing positions with The Great American Bash.

The 2007 event was named Vengeance: Night of Champions, as all nine WWE championships were defended that night. In 2008, the event was renamed to Night of Champions, keeping the format of the 2007 event, but dropping the Vengeance name. In 2009, the event was moved back to July.

Dates and venues

Related pages
 List of WWE pay-per-view events

Notes

Other websites 
 Night of Champions official website
WWE Cyber Sunday

Cyber Sunday is a former yearly WWE pay-per-view. It took place at the end of October and takes the lineage of WWE's former Pay-per-view event Taboo Tuesday. In 2009 it was replaced by WWE Bragging Rights.

Cyber Sunday dates and venues

World Wrestling Entertainment pay-per-view events
2009 disestablishments
2004 establishments
Survivor Series

Survivor Series is a yearly WWE pay-per-view. It usually takes place in November around the American Thanksgiving

Survivor Series dates and venues

References 

World Wrestling Entertainment pay-per-view events
Royal Rumble (2008)

Royal Rumble (2008) was a wrestling PPV that took place in New York City, New York at Madison Square Garden. It was the 21nd Royal Rumble event. The event had the twenty-first yearly Royal Rumble match as the main event, which John Cena won. One of the matches was Randy Orton defending his WWE Championship against Jeff Hardy. Another was, Edge defending his World Heavyweight Championship against Rey Mysterio.  Another match was, John "Bradshaw" Layfield wrestling against Chris Jericho. The last match was Ric Flair wrestling against M.V.P.

Results

Royal Rumble entrances and eliminations

References 

Royal Rumble
2008 in professional wrestling
Sports in New York City
Rob Van Dam

Robert "Rob" Alexander Szatkowski (born December 18, 1971 in Battle Creek, Michigan), better known by his ring name, Rob Van Dam, is an American professional wrestler who currently works with WWE. He has also wrestled with Extreme Championship Wrestling (ECW) from 1996 to 2001 and Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA) from 2010 to 2013. His finishing move is the Five-Star Frog Splash.

Championships
Van Dam held many championships during his professional wrestling career:

All Star Wrestling
ASW North American Heavyweight Championship (one time)

American Wrestling Rampage
AWR World Heavyweight Championship (one time)
NLW Heavyweight Championship (one time)

Extreme Championship Wrestling
ECW World Tag Team Championship (two times) (with Sabu)
ECW World Television Championship (one time)
Fifth ECW Triple Crown Champion

International Wrestling Federation
IWF Television Championship (one time)

National Wrestling Council
NWC Tag Team Championship (one time) (with Bobby Bradley)

Peach State Wrestling
PSW Cordele City Heavyweight Championship (two times, first)

Pro Wrestling Illustrated
PWI Comeback of the Year (2001, 2010)
PWI Most Popular Wrestler of the Year (2001, 2002)
He was ranked #1 of the top 500 singles wrestlers in the PWI 500 in 2002.

Pro Wrestling Report
Match of the Year (2006) (vs. John Cena at ECW One Night Stand II)

South Atlantic Pro Wrestling
SAPW Tag Team Championship (one time) (with Chaz Rocco)

Total Nonstop Action Wrestling
TNA World Heavyweight Championship (one time)

World Stars of Wrestling
WSW World Heavyweight Championship (one time, current)

World Wrestling Federation / World Wrestling Entertainment
ECW World Heavyweight Championship (one time)
World Tag Team Championship (two times) (with Kane (one) and Booker T (one))
WWE Championship (one time)
WWE Tag Team Championship (one time) (with Rey Mysterio)
WWF/E Hardcore Championship (four times)
WWE European Championship (one time)
WWF/E Intercontinental Championship (six times)
Money in the Bank (2006)
Fifteenth Triple Crown Champion
Seventh Grand Slam Champion

References

Other websites

Living people
People from Battle Creek, Michigan
Sportspeople from Michigan
Total Nonstop Action Wrestling alumni
WWE wrestlers
1970 births
Ron Killings

Ron Killings (born January 19, 1972 in Atlanta, Georgia) is an American professional wrestler and rapper.

He has also worked for TNA wrestling from 2002-2007.

He is a former WWE United States champion and former two time WWF Hardcore Champion.

References

Other websites
R-Truth's WWE profile

Rap musicians from Georgia
American professional wrestlers
1972 births
Sportspeople from Atlanta, Georgia
WWE wrestlers
Total Nonstop Action Wrestling alumni
Living people
Dolph Ziggler

Nicholas Theodore "Nick" Nemeth (born July 27, 1980) is an American professional wrestler. He is signed to the WWE where he performs under the ring name Dolph Ziggler. 

Nemeth signed a contract with the WWE in 2004 and competed in their developmental territory, Ohio Valley Wrestling (OVW). He debuted on the main roster in 2005 and played the role of Kerwin White's caddy. HE was sent back down to OVW and later called back up where he was a member of The Spirit Squad, performing under the ring name Nicky. 

Ziggler is a two-time World Heavyweight Champion, one-time World Tag Team Champion with The Spirit Squad, two-time Intercontinental Champion, one-time United States Champion, Mr. Money in the Bank in 2012, and the 22nd Triple Crown Champion. In 2015 he is with Lana  who was with Rusev (another WWE superstar).

Championships
Florida Championship Wrestling
FCW Florida Tag Team Championship (2 times) (with Brad Allen (1) and Gavin Spears (1))

Pro Wrestling Illustrated
He was ranked #9 of the top 500 singles wrestlers in the "PWI 500" in 2013

World Wrestling Entertainment / WWE
World Heavyweight Championship (2 times)
World Tag Team Championship (3 time) 
WWE Intercontinental Championship (7 time)
WWE United States Championship (1 time)
Money in the Bank (2012 — World Heavyweight Championship contract)
Twenty Second Triple Crown Champion
Grandslam Champion

Wrestling Observer Newsletter
Most Improved(2011)
Most Underrated(2011)

Lucha de Apuesta record

References

Other websites
Official website

1980 births
American professional wrestlers
Living people
Sportspeople from Cleveland, Ohio
WWE wrestlers
Brian Kendrick

Brian David Kendrick (born March 29, 1979) is an American professional wrestler best known for his time with the WWE as Brian Kendrick and The Brian Kendrick. currently working for Total Nonstop action wrestling

References 

1979 births
American professional wrestlers
Former WWE wrestlers
Living people
Sportspeople from Virginia
Total Nonstop Action Wrestling alumni
People from Fairfax, Virginia
Mike Knox

Michael Shawn Hettinga (born on July 17, 1978) is an American professional wrestler that is currently working for Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA). He is best known for working with WWE on all three brands (Raw, SmackDown and ECW) from 2006 to 2010. He was released from his WWE contract on April 23, 2010. He had a dark match in Total Nonstop Action Wrestling in May, 2012.

References

American professional wrestlers
1978 births
Living people
Sportspeople from California
Former WWE wrestlers
San Bernardino, California
Goldust

Dustin Patrick Runnels (born April 11, 1969) is an American professional wrestler and author. He currently works  for AEW. Runnels was worked with the WWE under the ring names Goldust and Dustin Rhodes.  Rhodes is the son of former professional wrestler "The American Dream" Dusty Rhodes and half-brother of  Cody Rhodes  During his time with the WWE he won multiple titles. These include the World Tag Team Championship with Booker T and with his half brother, the WWE Hardcore Championship seven times and the WWE Intercontinental Championship three times.

Rhodes has also wrestled for World Championship Wrestling, Total Nonstop Action Wrestling and All Japan Pro Wrestling.

References

Other websites

1969 births
Living people
American professional wrestlers
Sportspeople from Austin, Texas
AEW wrestlers
Total Nonstop Action Wrestling alumni
Former WWE wrestlers
Royal Rumble (2007)

Royal Rumble (2007) was the twentieth yearly Royal Rumble professional wrestling pay-per-view event made by World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE). It took place on January 28, 2007 at the AT&T Center in San Antonio, Texas.

Results

Royal Rumble entrances and eliminations

 King Booker returned to the ring after being eliminated and eliminated Kane.
 Kane made his eleventh appearance in a Royal Rumble match, breaking his own and Rikishi's record for most Royal Rumble appearances. It was also his ninth-consecutive appearance, also billed as a record for Kane.
 This Royal Rumble set a new record for the most wrestlers involved in an elimination, taking 8 men to throw Viscera over the top rope. This beat the previous record set in the 1994 Royal Rumble when it took 7 men to eliminate Viscera (then known as Mabel).
 The Undertaker was the first wrestler to win the Royal Rumble match at number 30.

References

Royal Rumble
Sports in San Antonio, Texas
2007 in professional wrestling
2007 in Texas
21st century in San Antonio, Texas

pl:Royal Rumble (2007)
Don DeLillo

Don DeLillo (born November 20, 1936) is an American author. He lives in New York City. His works are about American life in the 20th century and 21st century.

Works

Novels 
 Americana (1971)
 End Zone (1972)
 Great Jones Street (1973)
 Ratner's Star (1976)
 Players (1977)
 Running Dog (1978)
 Amazons (1980) (DeLillo used the pseudonym "Cleo Birdwell" for the author name)
 The Names (1982)
 White Noise (1985)
 Libra (1988)
 Mao II (1991)
 Underworld (1997)
 The Body Artist (2001)
 Cosmopolis (2003)
 Falling Man (2007)
 Point Omega (2010)

Plays 
 The Day Room (1986)
 Valparaiso (1999)
 Love-Lies-Bleeding (2005)
 The Word for Snow (2007)

Screenplays 
 Game 6 (2005)

References

1936 births
Living people
Writers from New York City
Libra (novel)

Libra is a novel (book) by Don DeLillo. It was written in 1988. The book is about the life of Lee Harvey Oswald and the assassination of President John F. Kennedy.

References

1988 books
20th-century American novels
English-language novels
Tardienta

Tardienta is a municipality in the province of Huesca in Aragon, Spain.

Municipalities in Aragon
Settlements in Huesca
Carmine (color)

Carmine is the general term for a particularly deep red color. Some rubies are colored the color shown in the color chart below as rich carmine. The deep red color shown at right as carmine is the color of the raw unprocessed pigment, but lighter, richer, or brighter colors are produced when the raw pigment is processed, some of which are shown below.

The color carmine comes from the pigment carmine, which is a deep red color obtained from the carminic acid produced by some scale insects, such as the cochineal and the Polish cochineal, and is used as a general term for a particularly deep red color. The pigment carmine is used in the manufacture of artificial flowers, paints, rouge, yogurt, cosmetics, food additives, and crimson ink.

The first recorded use of carmine as a color name in English was in 1523.

Meaning of carmine

 Since carmine is the color of dried blood, the color is sometimes used to represent crime.
 In the Star Trek TV show, the person who the script dictated was to be killed was usually chosen from the engineering part of the crew of the starship Enterprise, who wore carmine red shirts. As a result, the redshirt is the actor playing the character in a TV Show or movie who the script dictates is to be killed.

Tones of carmine color comparison chart

Related pages
List of colors

References
Taupe

Taupe refers to a dark grayish-brown color.  The word "taupe" derives from the Latin name for the European Mole, Talpa europaea. 

Originally, this referred only to the average color of the French mole, but like the colors pink and lavender, the name expanded (in the case of taupe beginning in the 1940s) to encompass a wide range of varying shades.  It seems that this occurred because the color of the fur of the mole can itself be a wide range of shades, from gray through yellowish, brownish, and even purplish.

The first use of taupe as a color name in English was in the early 1800s (exact year is not known).

Meaning of taupe
 The various shades of the color taupe are widely used in fashion, interior design, industrial design, and in graphic design where Pantone ink and RGB hexadecimal specifiers both describe the color as a warm gray.

 Taupe is the most popular  color for leather sofas.

Tones of taupe color comparison chart

Related pages
List of colors

References
Chavo Guerrero, Jr.

Salvador Guerrero IV (born March 20, 1970 in El Paso, Texas) also known as Chavo Guerrero and Chavo Guerrero, Jr., is a third generation American professional wrestler and member of the famous Guerrero wrestling family. He currently wrestle for Total Nonstop Action Wrestling. He has also wrestled for World Wrestling Entertainment and World Championship Wrestling.

References

Other websites
Chavo Guerrero's TNA profile 

1970 births
American professional wrestlers
Living people
Sportspeople from El Paso, Texas
Violaceae

Violaceae (alternatively Alsodeiaceae, Leoniaceae and Retrosepalaceae) is a family of flowering plants consisting of about 800 species in 21 genera. It takes its name from the genus Viola, the violets and pansies.

Malpighiales
Euphorbiaceae

The spurge family (Euphorbiaceae) is a large family of flowering plants with 300 genera and around 7,500 species. Most are herbs. Some, especially in the tropics, are shrubs or trees. 

The name spurge comes from the Latin word espurge meaning to purge: this refers to its use as a laxative.

Malpighiales
Prince Adolphus, Duke of Cambridge

Prince Adolphus, Duke of Cambridge was the eighth son of King George III. He married Princess Augusta of Hesse-Cassel in 1818. They had three children. One of them was Princess Mary Adelaide, the mother of Mary of Teck, who became the consort of George V of the United Kingdom.

Ancestors 

1774 births
1850 deaths

British royalty
Cambridge
Knights of the Garter
Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath
Joan of Kent

Joan of Kent (29 September 1328 – 7 August 1385) was the wife of Edward, the Black Prince, who was the son and heir of Edward III of England. She was the mother of King Richard II of England.

House of Plantagenet
1328 births
1385 deaths
Ernest Augustus, King of Hanover

Ernest Augustus (5 June 1771 – 18 November 1851) was the fifth son and eighth child of George III of the United Kingdom. 

Ernest Augustus was made Duke of Cumberland by his father and became King of Hanover on 28 June 1837, on the death of his brother William IV of the United Kingdom.

His successor in Hanover was his only son, George V of Hanover.

Ancestors

Other websites 

1771 births
1851 deaths
German nobility
Kings and Queens of Hanover
Champagne (color)

The color champagne is a name given for various very pale tints of yellowish-orange that are close to beige.  The color's name came from the average color of the drink champagne.

The first written use of champagne as a color name in English was in 1915.

Meaning of champagne

 The color champagne represents luxury.

Tones of champagne color comparison chart

Related pages
 List of colors

References
Passifloraceae

Passifloraceae is a family of flowering plants, containing about 530 species classified in around 18 genera. They include trees, shrubs, lianas and climbing plants, and are mostly found in tropical regions.

Malpighiales
Laurel

The Lauraceae or laurel family is a group of flowering plants in the order Laurales. It includes the bay laurel and its closest relatives. 

The family has over 3000 species of flowering plants in over 50 genera worldwide. They mostly live in warm temperate and tropical regions, especially southeast Asia and South America. Most are aromatic evergreen trees or shrubs, but one or two genera such as Sassafras are deciduous, and Cassytha is a genus of parasitic vines.

References
Serviciul Român de Informaţii

Serviciul Român de Informaţii (SRI) is the Romanian intelligence service for home defense.

Other websites 
 Official site 

Bucharest
Christian-Democratic National Peasants' Party (Romania)

The Christian-Democratic National Peasants' Party is a Romanian Christian-Democratic party, or group of politicians.

Other websites 
 Official site

Christian democratic parties
Political parties in Romania
1989 establishments in Europe
20th-century establishments in Romania
National Liberal Party (Romania)

The Partidul Naţional Liberal (National Liberal Party) is a conservative liberal political party in Romania.  It is  a "historical" renewed liberal party in Romania, founded in 1875, in 2009 the third biggest party in Romania..In  the National Liberal Party has joined a coalition with the Social Democrat Party called "Social Liberal Union"  which fell in 2014. On 26 July 2014, The Democratic Liberal Party formed a alliance with the National Liberal Party , the alliance was named ACL.

Conservative parties
Liberal parties
Political parties in Romania
1875 establishments in Europe
19th-century establishments in Romania
Gravitational constant

The gravitational constant, called  in physics equations, is an  empirical physical constant. It is used to show the force between two objects caused by gravity. The gravitational constant appears in Isaac Newton's universal law of gravitation.

 is about  N⋅m2/kg2, and is denoted by letter .

It usually appears in Sir Isaac Newton's law of universal gravitation, and in Albert Einstein's general theory of relativity. It is also known as the universal gravitational constant, Newton's constant, and colloquially as Big G. It should not be confused with "small g" (g), which is the local gravitational field of the Earth (equivalent to the free-fall acceleration).

References 

Relativity
Gravitation
Chepstow

Chepstow () is a town in Monmouthshire, Wales. It is next to the border with England. It is built beside the River Wye, close to where it joins with the River Severn. It is near the western end of the Severn Bridge on the M48 motorway. It is  east of Newport and  west of London. Named Striguil in Norman times (from a Welsh word meaning bend in the river), by the 14th century it had its current name - from the Old English ceap/chepe meaning market, and stowe meaning place. In Welsh it's called Cas-Gwent, meaning castle of Gwent.

Chepstow is famous for its castle, the oldest stone castle still standing in Britain, and for Chepstow Racecourse which is home to the Welsh Grand National. The course was officially opened in 1926. Chepstow Racecourse is just 16 miles from Bristol, making it easy to access from England via the Severn Bridge.

Chepstow's past includes shipbuilding and salmon fishing, the export of timber and oak bark and the import of wine. And in the 18th century the town became popular with visitors following the Wye Tour. Chepstow Museum tells the story of the Wye Tour, and is a short walk from the beautiful Regency iron bridge known as the Old Wye Bridge.

References 

Towns in Monmouthshire
Victoria Cross

The Victoria Cross (VC) is the highest military medal given for bravery "in the face of the enemy" to members of the defence forces of Commonwealth  countries, and former British Empire territories. It is the most important medal, more important than all other orders, decorations and medals. 

It may be given to a person of any rank in any  service (army, navy or air force) or anyone working for the military. It is usually presented to the person, or a family member if they were killed, by the British monarch during a ceremony at Buckingham Palace. It can be presented by the Governor-General for awards made by other Commonwealth countries. 

It is the joint highest medal for bravery in the United Kingdom with the George Cross, which is for bravery not in the face of the enemy. However, the VC is higher in the order of importance and would be worn first by a person who had been given both medals (which has not happened).

The VC was begun on 29 January 1856 by Queen Victoria for acts    of bravery during the Crimean War. Since then, the medal has been given 1,356 times to 1,353 people. Only 13 medals, nine to members of the British Army, and four to the Australian Army have been presented since the Second World War.

Since 1990, Australia, New Zealand and Canada, have started their own versions of the VC.

Living holders of the Victoria Cross
The list of living holders of the Victoria Cross is small.
 This list is not finished; you can help Wikipedia by adding to it.
 Bill Apiata, VC  1944
 Johnson Beharry, VC  1951
 John Cruickshank, VC 1966
 Mark Donaldson, VC  1969
 Rambahadur Limbu, VC, MVO  2005
 Keith Payne, VC, OAM, DSC (US)  2007
 Ben Roberts-Smith, VC MG  2009
 William Speakman-Pitts, VC 2011
 Daniel Kieghran   2012

Related pages 
 Victoria Cross for Australia
George Cross
George Medal
Elizabeth Cross

References 

Military honors
Pit (Kid Icarus)

is a fictional main character in the Kid Icarus game series. He is the angel bodyguard of Palutena. He also appeared in the Super Smash Bros. series.

Games
Kid Icarus (1986)
Kid Icarus: Of Myths and Monsters (1991)
 Kid Icarus: Uprising (2012)

Other appearances
Captain N: The Game Master
Super Smash Bros. Brawl

Small appearances
 Tetris (NES) - 1989 - Pit is playing a violin when the player wins Game B on Speed 9, Height 0.
 F-1 Race (Game Boy) - 1990 - Before Course 8, Pit cheers for the player. He also appears in the end of the race.
 Super Smash Bros. Melee (GameCube) - 2001 - He appears as a trophy.
 WarioWare: Twisted! (Game Boy Advance) - 2005 - In one of 9-volt's games, the player directs Pit left or right to dodge snakes and eggplants thrown at the player. Pit is also seen on the cover of the Kid Icarus record box. The theme for Kid Icarus is an unlockable record in the game. When the cursor is placed on it, the text describing it says, "This is the closest thing to a sequel you're gonna get! Har har!"
WarioWare: Smooth Moves (Wii) - 2007 - In the conducting game, Pit is playing a cello. The theme is one of the songs which is conducted.

Character design
Pit is based on Icarus and Eros (also known as Cupid), figures from Greek mythology. The clothes that he wears and the fact that he is an angel resembles Perseus, Bellerophon, and Hercules, the last also being an archer. His looks have changed very little over the years, having always included things that have to do with classical antiquity (such as the chiton and sandals). His weapon is the bow and arrow. In Of Myths and Monsters, Pit first received a crown of laurel, as well as revealing his eye color, blue. In Super Smash Bros. Brawl, Pit is seen wearing an exomis. On the official Super Smash Bros. Brawl website, it is said that Pit is an angel that cannot normally fly. Much like Samus Aran from the Metroid series and Link from The Legend of Zelda (series) series, Pit did not talk much in Super Smash Bros. Brawl, either.

As part of changing the character, the designers of Super Smash Bros. Brawl saw it fit to change his character design (looks) by combining parts of his looks from the promotional artworks of both Kid Icarus titles with new ideas. Pit now appears older than the child-age designs from older games and now has a more anime/manga-like appearance, although he still seems to have a childish voice in the Japanese version. In The English version of Super Smash Bros. Brawl, he has a deeper-sounding teenaged voice. Nintendo has described the redesign as "a giant leap forward in his evolution". It is also said on the Smash Bros. Dojo that one of Pit's color changes is black, a "Fallen Angel color" choice. This new look had became popular among most nintendo fans. It will be used for the upcoming Kid Icarus Uprising.

Other websites
Pit's character biography  at the official Super Smash Bros. Brawl website.
The first Super Smash Bros. Brawl trailer , as seen at E3 2006, at the game's official website.
Pit's descent from Angel Land  on Super Smash Bros. Brawl official website

Nintendo video game characters

fr:Kid Icarus#Scénario
Solomonovo

Solomonovo (; ) is a village in the Uzhhorodskyi Raion (district) in the Zakarpattia Oblast (province) in western Ukraine.

According to the 2001 census, 1342 people were living there.

Other websites
 Solomonovo – karpataljaturizmus.net 
 Solomonovo (Соломоновo) of Ukraine 1:100,000 topographic maps 

Villages in Ukraine
Zakarpattia Oblast
Uzhhorodskyi Raion

Uzhhorodskyi Raion (, ) is one of the raions (districts) of Zakarpattia Oblast in western Ukraine. It's administrative center is the city of Uzhhorod, also the center of the surrounding oblast.

Administrative division

Cities

Towns

Villages

Related pages
 Administrative divisions of Ukraine
 Zakarpattia Oblast

Zakarpattia Oblast
Districts
Tysaashvan

Tisaashvan (; ) is a Ukrainian village. It is in the Uzhhorodskyi Raion (district) in the Zakarpattia Oblast (province) in western Ukraine.

It had 852 people according to the 2001 census.

Other websites
 Tisaashvan (Tiszaásvány) – karpataljaturizmus.net 
 Tisaashvan (Тисаашвань) of Ukraine 1:100,000 topographic maps 

Villages in Ukraine
Zakarpattia Oblast
List of Impact Wrestling personnel

This is a list of the current Total Nonstop Action Wrestling roster.

Roster

Male wrestlers

Female wrestlers

Other on-air personnel

Unassigned employees

Broadcast team

Referees

Backstage personnel

Corporate staff

Related pages
 List of professional wrestlers

References

Other websites
 Total Nonstop Action Wrestling's roster at TNAWrestling.com 

Impact Wrestling
Lists of professional wrestlers
Judgment Day (2009)

Judgment Day (2009) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view event produced by World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE), which took place on May 17, 2009 at the Allstate Arena in Rosemont, Illinois, a suburb of Chicago.

Results

Related pages
List of WWE pay-per-view events

References

Other websites
The official Judgment Day website

WWE Judgment Day
Sports in Chicago, Illinois
2009 in professional wrestling
2009 in Illinois
May events
Night of Champions (2009)

Night of Champions (2009) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view event produced by World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE), which took place on July 26, 2009 at the Wachovia Center in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It was the third annual event under the Night of Champions name and the ninth annual event under the Vengeance/Night of Champions chronology. Similar to the previous two events, the concept of the show was that every championship in the company would be defended. It featured talent from the Raw, SmackDown, and ECW brands. Eight matches were contested on the card.

Background 

Night of Champions will have professional wrestling matches with different wrestlers from the Raw, Friday Night SmackDown, and ECW on Sci Fi brands. Wrestlers will play a villain or a hero. All wrestlers will be from WWE's Raw, SmackDown, and ECW brands—a storyline division in which WWE employees are assigned to a television program of the same name.

The main rivalry from SmackDown for Night of Champions is between CM Punk and Jeff Hardy in their battle over the World Heavyweight Championship. One month before the show, at Extreme Rules, Punk used his guaranteed title match he earned by winning the Money in the Bank ladder match against Hardy; he beat him, and won the World Heavyweight title. The two had many confrontations about it which lead to The Bash and a match that saw Punk get disqualified for kicking the referee. Then, Hardy attacked Punk because Hardy thought Punk kicked the referee on purpose. On the July 2 episode of Superstars fans were told that Punk had suffered a storyline eye injury. Punk's reasoning to Hardy's accusation was that he kicked the referee on accident due to his inability to clearly see Jeff, who he was really trying to kick. To settle the dispute on to who the rightful champion was, SmackDown general manager, Theodore Long, announced another match between the two at Night of Champions, which was accepted by both competitors.

Raw will be represented by Randy Orton defending the WWE Championship. After beating Triple H at The Bash, Orton did not have a contender for the championship, so on the June 29 episode of Raw, special guest host of the week, as well as onscreen matchmaker, Batista, said that the title would be defended at Night of Champions against the winner of a single-elimination tournament. The first two matches of the four-person tournament were that night with Triple H beating Montel Vontavious Porter (MVP) and John Cena beating The Miz (Mike Mizanin). Triple H and Cena wrestled each other the next week on Raw, but Orton's allies, Cody Rhodes and Ted DiBiase, interfered in the match, attacking both Cena and Triple H. Because of that, it was announced Orton would defend the title against both Triple H and Cena in a triple threat match.

Results

Related pages

 WWE Night of Champions
 List of WWE pay-per-view events

References 

WWE Night of Champions
Sports in Philadelphia
2009 in Pennsylvania
2000s in Philadelphia

es:WWE Night of Champions#2009
SummerSlam (2009)

SummerSlam (2009) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view event produced by World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE), which took place on August 23, 2009 at Staples Center in Los Angeles, California. It was the 22nd annual SummerSlam event and featured wrestlers from the Raw, SmackDown, and ECW brands. Eight matches were contested on the event's card.

Results

Other websites

Sports in Los Angeles
SummerSlam
2009 in professional wrestling
2009 in American television
2000s in Los Angeles, California
2009 in California
Survivor Series (2009)

Survivor Series (2009) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event produced by World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE), that took place on November 22, 2009 at the Verizon Center in Washington, D.C.. It was the twenty-third and last Survivor Series and featured WWE Employees.

Results

Survivor Series Elimination Matches

Related pages
List of WWE pay-per-view events

References

Other websites
Official Survivor Series website
WWE Survivor Series 2009 Matches 

2009 in American television
2009 in professional wrestling
Survivor Series
2009 in Washington, D.C.
November events
Let It Rock (Kevin Rudolf song)

"Let It Rock" is the first single of Kevin Rudolf from his first album In the City. Rapper Lil Wayne is featured in the song. The track was written by Rudolf. It was used as the theme song for WWE's 2009 Royal Rumble.

References

2008 songs
Kevin Rudolf

Kevin Winston Rudolf (born February 17, 1983) is an American musician, director, actor, and record producer from New York City, New York.

1983 births
American singer-songwriters
American rock guitarists
Singers from New York City
Living people
Legacy (2008 movie)

Legacy is a movie starring Haylie Duff and Madeline Zima, due in theaters in 2008. It was filmed in Los Angeles and concerns a sorority house where one of the rushees is found dead and the primary suspects are three of the most popular girls of the house. The movie was released Straight to DVD on the 12 August 2008 in the United States and has had mixed reviews from critics. In some countries like Australia, the movie is also called Pretty Little Devils and was also released straight to video.

Cast 
Haylie Duff as Lana Stevens
Madeline Zima as Zoey Martin
Jillian Murray as Megen Woods
Tom Green as Detective Strasburg
Margo Harshman as Nina
Monica Lo as Mai
Brett Claywell as Jeff Cook
Kate Albrecht as Katarina "Katie" Whittington
Jane Sibbett as Catherine Whittington
Laura Ashley Innes as Emily Barton
Donnell Rawlings as Det. Sams
Marisa Guterman as Fanny
Taylor Hoover as Taylor
Brian Tarbox as Partier
Rachel Melvin as Julie
Joseph Ferrante as Officer Santocki

Other websites

2008 movies
American independent movies
Ezekiel Hart

Ezekiel Hart (; May 15, 1770 - September 16, 1843) was a Jewish Canadian businessman and politician, and the first Jew to be elected to public office in the British Empire.

He was born May 15, 1770 at Trois-Rivières, Quebec to Aaron Hart and Dorothea Judah.

Ezekiel Hart created a brewery with his brothers in Trois-Rivières and, on April 11, 1807 was elected to the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada. Because he was Jewish, he swore his oath on a Hebrew Bible, instead of a Christian Bible, and while wearing a kippah. At the time, British laws did not let Jews have important positions like these, and Hart was expelled from the assembly. He was elected again in 1808 and expelled again.
    
He did not run for public office again. He continued to live in Trois-Rivières where he was a successful businessman and well-respected member of the community. He served in the militia during the War of 1812 and became colonel in 1830.

He came from a very important and rich family. His father, Aaron Hart, was member of the British forces, and a well-known businessman in Canada. His brothers, Moses and Benjamin, were important businessmen at Trois-Rivières and Montreal. His cousin, Henry Judah, later became a member of the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada.

Ezekiel Hart died on September 16, 1843 at Trois-Rivières, at the age of 76.

1770 births
1843 deaths
Canadian Jews
Canadian politicians
People from Quebec
Trois-Rivières, Quebec
Blabbermouth.net

Blabbermouth.net is a website that is dedicated to heavy metal and hard rock news, as well as album and music DVD reviews.

Official website
Blabbermouth.net

websites
Craig Jones

Craig '133' Jones also known as 133 (or 133 mHz), The Silent One, or by his number #5, (born on February 11, 1973), is an American musician. He is best known as the sampler and keyboard player of the metal band, Slipknot.

American keyboard players
Heavy metal musicians
Grammy Award winners
1972 births
Living people
Musicians from Des Moines, Iowa
Mick Thomson

Mickael Gordon Thomson (born on November 3, 1973), or known simply as Mick, is an American musician best known as being the lead guitarist of Slipknot since 1997.

1973 births
American guitarists
American heavy metal musicians
Grammy Award winners
Living people
musicians from Iowa

en:Slipknot (band)#Band members
Shawn Crahan

Michael Shawn Crahan (born on September 24, 1969), is an American musician, music producer, and artist. He is better known by his stage name "Clown". He is best known as one of the two custom percussionists of Slipknot. He looks like a clown when he is wearing his mask.

References 

1969 births
American drummers
Grammy Award winners
Heavy metal musicians
Living people
Musicians from Des Moines, Iowa
Roadrunner Records
Colin Richardson

Colin Richardson (born 31 December 1936 in London) is a British record producer, mixer and recording engineer. He has worked on about 80 different albums, and is most frequently associated with hard rock and heavy metal music.

References

Other websites 
 Colin Richardson myspace page
 Colin Richardson production discography

1936 births
Living people
People from London
British record producers