cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Statler and Waldorf

Statler and Waldorf are a pair of Muppet characters. They are two grumpy old men who fight and laugh at mean things on their balcony. They both appeared in all The Muppet Show episodes except for one in which Statler did not appeared because he was sick, so Waldorf appaered with his wife who looks like Statler in a dress. Statler and Walldorf are named after two important hotels in New York City. They are mostly known for appearing as Marley and Marley in The Muppet Christmas Carol. 

Statler is an old man who wears a black and blue suit. Waldorf has a mustache and wears a brown suit. Statler was originally performed by Jerry Nelson and Richard Hunt, and now is performed by Steve Whitmire. Waldorf was originally performed by Jim Henson and is now performed by Dave Goelz.

References

Other websites

Muppets
Fictional characters

de:Die Muppet Show#Statler und Waldorf
The Muppet Christmas Carol

The Muppet Christmas Carol is a 1992 American musical-comedy movie based on Charles Dickens' A Christmas Carol. This was the first movie made after Jim Henson died.

The musical movie features the Muppets and Michael Caine as Ebenezer Scrooge. The songs were written by Paul Williams. Kermit the Frog starred as Bob Cratchit, Miss Piggy as Mrs. Cratchit, Gonzo the Great as Charles Dickens, Fozzie Bear as Fozziwig, Rizzo the Rat as himself, and Statler and Waldorf as Robert Marley and Jacob Marley.

References

Other websites
 

1992 movies
Movies based on TV series
Movies based on books
Movies about animals
Movies set in London
Muppets
American family movies
English-language movies
Nurzhol Boulevard

Nurzhol Boulevard (, formerly known as сулы-нулы бульвар Green Water Boulevard) is the national boulevard of Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan. The boulevard is a pedestrian area. It is in the new business and administrative centre of Nur-Sultan. It runs from the President's residence Ak Orda to the Khan Shatyr Entertainment Centre. The Bayterek is in Nurzhol boulevard.  It is one of Nur-Sultans best-known buildings.

Other websites 
  Water Green Boulevard in Flickr site.

Kazakhstan
Roads
National squares
Jerusalem City Hall

Jerusalem City Hall is a building complex housing the city hall of Jerusalem. It is in Safra Square. The complex was built beside the old city hall on a corner of Jaffa Street between the Old City and the Russian Compound. In 1950, The Israeli municipal government in Jerusalem decided to build a new building for the city hall. After many proposed architectural plans, the final plan was decided on in 1986. Construction began in 1988, and a ceremony for the establishment of the new municipality was done in the old city hall. In 1993, the new municipal complex was opened by mayor Teddy Kollek and heads of state.

Government buildings in Israel
Buildings and structures in Jerusalem
Local government in Israel
Clare College, Cambridge

Clare College is one of the colleges of the University of Cambridge, England. It opened in 1326, so it is the second oldest. Its first name was University Hall but it was changed to Clare Hall in 1338. This was because Elizabeth de Clare, granddaughter of Edward I, gave money to the college. In 1856 it changed name again to its current one.

The college building is next to King's College. It goes across the river Cam with a famous bridge which has fourteen spherical stones on it. One of the stones is missing a bit: there are many legends used to explain this fact. The bridge is the oldest on the river. Across the bridge there is a big and beautiful garden, which is usually only open to the Fellows (university teachers).

Very important people have studied here, like David Attenborough, Andrew Wiles, Charles Cornwallis and Thomas Pelham-Holles.

Other websites 
Official website

Colleges of the University of Cambridge
1326 establishments
1320s establishments in Europe
14th-century establishments in England
1972 United States presidential election

The 1972 United States presidential election happened on November 7, 1972. President Richard Nixon was reelected to a second term. He defeated the Democratic candidate, Senator George McGovern of South Dakota. Nixon won the election by a landslide (winning 49 of 50 states) and got 520 electoral votes. McGovern got 17 electoral votes. John Hospers got one electoral vote by a Virginia faithless elector.

This was the highest of any Republican nominee as a vote, as well as a highest electoral vote in a United States election until Ronald Reagan was re-elected in 1984 by a huge landslide.

George Wallace, governor of Alabama was shot by a what would be assassin during the election.

George McGovern's running mate changed from Thomas Eagleton to Sargent Shriver because Eagleton had problems about his psychiatric before.

This election occurred during the Watergate scandal, which ultimately caused Nixon to resign in 1974.

Candidates

Democratic Party
15 people declared their candidacy for the Democratic Party nomination. They were:
George McGovern, Senator from South Dakota
Hubert Humphrey, Senator from Minnesota and former Vice President
George Wallace, Governor of Alabama
Edmund Muskie, Senator from Maine
Eugene McCarthy, former Senator from Minnesota
Henry M. Jackson, Senator from Washington
Shirley Chisholm, Representative of New York's 12th congressional district
Terry Sanford, former Governor of North Carolina
John Lindsay, Mayor of New York City
Wilbur Mills, Representative of Arkansas's 2nd congressional district
Vance Hartke, Senator from Indiana
Fred Harris, Senator from Oklahoma
Sam Yorty, former Representative of California's 26th congressional district
Patsy Mink, Representative of Hawaii's 2nd congressional district
Walter Fauntroy, Delegate from Washington, D.C.

Candidates gallery

Republican Party
Republican candidates:
Richard Nixon, President of the United States
Pete McCloskey, Representative from California
John M. Ashbrook, Representative from Ohio

Candidates gallery

Related pages
Presidential Candidates:
 Richard Nixon
 George McGovern
 Patsy Mink
Vice Presidential Candidates:
 Sargent Shriver
 Spiro Agnew

References

Other websites
 1972 Presidential General Election Results

1972 in the United States
1972
The McGuire Sisters

The McGuire Sisters were a group of three American girls originally from Ohio: Christine, Dorothy and Phyllis McGuire. This trio began around 1952 and went on until 1968, during which time the group had many popular hit songs, Sincerely and Sugartime, the earlier of which was in 1954 and the latter during 1958. The group were sometimes compared to the Andrews Sisters due to their sometimes similar singing style and behavior.

The group was composed of three sisters: 

Ruby Christine McGuire (July 30, 1926 – December 28, 2018)
Dorothy "Dottie" McGuire (February 13, 1928 – September 7, 2012)
Phyllis McGuire (February 14, 1931 – December 30, 2020)

References

American girl groups
Musical groups established in the 1950s
1952 establishments in the United States
20th-century establishments in Ohio
1968 disestablishments
1960s disestablishments in the United States
Disestablishments in Ohio
Hasmonean dynasty

The Hasmonean dynasty was a family that led the Hasmoneans led the Maccabean Revolt and transformed Judah from a Seleucid possession that was becoming more Greek-like into an independent, Jewish nation-state. The Hasmoneans expanded Judah through conquest.

History 
After the Salome Alexandra's death in 67 B.C., Salome's sons Hyrcanus II, who was backed by Antipater (the father of Herod the Great), and Aristobulus II fought for control of the Judah. The Roman Pompey entered the conflict on Hyrcanus' side. Aristobulus surrendered to the Romans and was sent to Rome, where he was later murdered.

In 40 B.C., the Parthian Empire and Aristobulus' son Antigonus II invaded Judah and captured Hyrcanus. The Romans then proclaimed Antipater's son Herod king of Judea. The Romans defeated the Parthians and captured and killed Antigonus, the last ruler of the Hasmonean dynasty.

Royal dynasties
Ancient Israel and Judah
Kings of ancient Judah
1st-century BC disestablishments
Rizzo the Rat

Rizzo the Rat is a Muppet, who was voiced by Steve Whitmire. He was first in The Muppet Show. He is known for being in a double act with Gonzo the Great. Rizzo is a rat with a New Jersey accent.

References

Other websites

Muppets
Fictional characters

de:Die Muppet Show#Rizzo
1968 United States presidential election

The 1968 United States presidential election happened on November 5, 1968. Richard Nixon, the Republican candidate and former vice president of the United States, won the election. He defeated the incumbent vice president, Hubert Humphrey, who was a Democrat, and George Wallace, the Governor of Alabama, who ran as a member of the American Independent Party.

Incumbent United States President Lyndon B. Johnson was able to run, but decided against it. On March 31, 1968, Johnson withdrew his nomination and he said, "I shall not seek, and I will not accept, the nomination of my party for another term as your President". 

The incumbent Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy, brother of former United States President John F. Kennedy was a serious presidential candidate before his assassination on June 5, 1968 by Sirhan Sirhan in Los Angeles after winning the California and South Dakota primaries for the Democratic nomination for President of the United States.

Richard Nixon won the election by 301 electoral votes. Hubert Humphrey got 191 electoral votes. George Wallace received 46 electoral votes and a faithless elector in North Carolina voted Wallace and running mate Curtis LeMay.

Humphrey did not win the south because he was very liberal and favored civil rights. The only southern state he won was Texas (which he won narrowly).

Candidates

Democratic Party
Democratic candidates:
Hubert Humphrey, U.S. vice president from Minnesota
Robert F. Kennedy, U.S. senator from New York, brother of former President John F. Kennedy, and former Attorney General (assassinated)
Eugene McCarthy, U.S. senator from Minnesota
George McGovern, U.S. senator from South Dakota

Candidates gallery

Republican Party
Republican candidates:
Richard Nixon, former Vice President and 1960 presidential nominee from New York
 Nelson Rockefeller, Governor of New York and candidate for the 1960 and 1964 nominations
 Ronald Reagan, Governor of California
 George Romney, Governor of Michigan and candidate 1964 nomination:: Romney was also the father of Gov. Mitt Romney, who ran for president in 2012
 Harold Stassen, former Governor of Minnesota and candidate for the 1948, 1952 and 1964 nominations

Candidates gallery

References

Other websites
 1968 Presidential General Election Results

1968
Ronald Reagan
Richard Nixon
1968 in the United States
American Independent Party

American Independent Party is a right-wing political party of the United States founded in California in 1967 by Bill and Eileen Shearer. It is most notable for George Wallace running in the 1968 US Election. That year, it was made up of Democrats opposed to the ending of racial segregation and was most successful in Southern states (Wallace was governor of the Southern state of Alabama).

Over time, the party became closer to the conservative movement and it renounced its policy against racial equality. Today, the party still exists but many of its members have left: most of the earlier members returned to the Democratic Party after the 1969 election and its later members have moved to the Constitution Party. The AIP has endorsed the Constitution Party nominee for President in recent years.

Background information

In 1967, the AIP was founded by Bill Shearer and his wife, Eileen Knowland Shearer. It nominated George C. Wallace (Democrat) as its presidential candidate and retired U.S. Air Force General Curtis E. LeMay as the vice-presidential candidate. Wallace ran on every state ballot in the election, though he did not represent the American Independent Party in all fifty states: in Connecticut, for instance, he was listed on the ballot as the nominee of the "George Wallace Party." The Wallace/LeMay ticket received 13.5 percent of the popular vote and 46 electoral votes from the states of Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Georgia, and Alabama. No third-party candidate has won more than one electoral vote since the 1968 election.

Presidential tickets

Since the fracture of the American Independent Party between the King and Noonan factions, control of the State Party, and thus the ballot line, has been in the hands of the Noonan faction. Attempts to nominate Chuck Baldwin (the 2008 Constitution nominee) or Virgil Goode (the 2012 Constitution nominee) were unsuccessful, as were their independent efforts to make it onto the California presidential ballot.

References 

1967 establishments in California
Political parties in the United States
Zen at War

Zen at War is a 1997 book by Brian Daizen Victoria. It reveals the close involvement of Zen Buddhist teachers with Japanese militarism from the Meiji period until WWII.

Related pages
State Shinto
Nanking Massacre

Buddhism
1997 books
Sunda clouded leopard

The Sunda clouded leopard (Neofelis diardi), or Bornean clouded leopard, is found on Sumatra and Borneo. It is a genetically distinct species, related to the Clouded leopard. It has now been filmed.

The Sunda clouded leopard is the largest cat in Borneo,  weighing around 12 to 25 kg (26 to 55 lb). The canine teeth are two inches long, which, in proportion, are longer than other living felines. Its tail, which may be as long as its body, helps it balance when running and jumping.

In Borneo, they occur in lowland rainforest. In Sumatra, they appear to live more in hilly, montane areas. It is not known if there are still Sunda clouded leopards on the small Batu islands close to Sumatra.

Its taxonomy 
In December 2006,  the genus Neofelis was reclassified into two distinct species:
 Neofelis nebulosa from mainland Asia and
 Neofelis diardi from Borneo and Sumatra
The Sunda clouded leopard in each island is different enough to be a separate subspecies.

References 

Felines
Dynamic programming

Dynamic programming  is a method of solving problems, which is used in computer science, mathematics and economics. Using this method, a complex problem is split into simpler problems, which are then solved. At the end, the solutions of the simpler problems are used to find the solution of the original complex problem. 

Dynamic programming can be used in cases where it is possible to split a problem into smaller problems, which are all quite similar. 

Richard Bellman, a US mathematician, first used the term in the 1940s when he wanted to solve problems in the field of Control theory. He also stated what is now known as Bellman's Principle of Optimality:

References
R.Bellman,On the Theory of Dynamic Programming,Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1952 August; 38(8): 716–719.  

Computer science
Combinatorial optimization
Karjala

Karjala is Finnish brand of beer. Sortavalan Panimo made the beer from 1932 to 1944. In 1948, it started to be made again. It is most popular in Finland.

Products 
 Karjala I (2,7%)
 Karjala III (4,6 %)
 Karjala IVA (Export) (5,2 %)
 Karjala IVB (8,0 %)
 Karjala Terva (4,6%)

Other websites 
 Hartwall's official webcite 

Beers of Finland
Infrasound

Infrasound is a type of sound with a frequency lower than humans can hear. This frequency is lower than 16 hertz. When the frequency is lower but the volume is loud enough, humans can feel the vibrations but cannot hear the infrasound. Younger people have the ability to hear lower and higher frequencies. Some animals including whales and elephants can communicate long distances by infrasound.

Related pages
Ultrasound

Sound
Gorgias (Plato)

Gorgias is a book of dialogue by Plato, written about the nature of  rhetoric, virtue and justice.

Persons 
The book is created by dialogues among persons as follow;
Socrates
Chaerephon, a friend of Socrates
Gorgias, a sophist
Polus, a student of Gorgias
Callicles, a sophist

Synopsis 
In the preliminary discussion, Socrates and Gorgias agree that "persuasion is the chief end (goal) of rhetoric".

Socrates gets Gorgias to agree that there is a difference between belief and knowledge. A belief can be true or false, but there is no such thing as false knowledge (the word implies its correctness). The critical point in the dialogue is now reached:

Socrates: Shall we then assume two sorts of persuasion, one which is the source of belief without knowledge, as the other is of knowledge?

Gorgias: By all means.

Socrates: And which sort of persuasion does rhetoric create in courts of law and other assemblies... the sort of persuasion which gives belief without knowledge, or that which gives knowledge?

Gorgias: Clearly, Socrates, that which only gives belief.

Socrates: Then rhetoric, as would appear, is the artificer of a persuasion which creates belief about the just and unjust, but gives no instruction about them?

A bit later, the dialogue changes direction:

Polus: I will ask; and do you answer me, Socrates, the same question which Gorgias, as you suppose, is unable to answer: What is rhetoric?

Socrates: I should say a sort of experience.

Socrates: An experience in producing a sort of delight and gratification, Polus.

Polus: Then are cookery and rhetoric the same?

Socrates: No, they are only different parts of the same profession.

The dialogue continues. Socrates drives it towards a contrast between true knowledge produced by the art of philosophy, and the practical tricks of rhetoric. Rhetoric is pleasing and effective, but not an art, and  is closer to flattery.   

Socrates says that virtue is more important than rhetoric. Rhetoric should depend on philosophy. Philosophy is an art, but rhetoric is just a skill.

So what started as an academic discussion ends as a very direct attack on the way law and politics were done in Athens.

Related pages

Gorgias
Sophist

Works of philosophy
Full-range speaker

Full-range speaker is a type of loudspeaker that can be used to play sound at all or almost all frequencies that human are able to hear. The frequency range can be anywhere from 55 to 17500 Hertz. The benefit is that all sound comes from the same point besides multi-way speakers. Also, audio crossover can be more simple. 

Audio technology
Masato Nakae

Masato Nakae (December 20, 1917-September 4, 1998) was a United States Army soldier. He received the Medal of Honor because of his actions in World War II.

Early life 
Nakae was born in Hawaii to Japanese immigrant parents. He is a Nisei, which means that he is a second generation Japanese-American.

Soldier
Two months after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, Nakae joined the US Army in February 1942.

Nakae volunteered to be part of the all-Nisei 100th Infantry Battalion.  This army unit was mostly made up of Japanese Americans from Hawaii and the mainland.

For his actions in August 1944, Nakae was awarded the Army's second-highest decoration, the Distinguished Service Cross (DSC).  In the 1990s, there was a review of service records of Asian Americans who received the DSC during World War II.  Nakae's award was upgraded to the Medal of Honor. In a ceremony at the White House on June 21, 2000, his family was presented with his medal by President Bill Clinton. Twenty-one other Asian Americans also received the medal during the ceremony, but only seven of them were still alive.

Medal of Honor citation
Nakae's Medal of Honor recognized his conduct in frontline fighting in northern Italy in 1944. He held off an enemy attack and continued to fight after being wounded.

The words of Nakae's citation explain:
Private Masato Nakae distinguished himself by extraordinary heroism in action on August 19, 1944, near Pisa, Italy. When his submachine gun was damaged by a shell fragment during a fierce attack by a superior enemy force, Private Nakae quickly picked up his wounded comrade’s M-1 rifle and fired rifle grenades at the steadily advancing enemy. As the hostile force continued to close in on his position, Private Nakae threw six grenades and forced them to withdraw. During a concentrated enemy mortar barrage that preceded the next assault by the enemy force, a mortar shell fragment seriously wounded Private Nakae. Despite his injury, he refused to surrender his position and continued firing at the advancing enemy. By inflicting heavy casualties on the enemy force, he finally succeeded in breaking up the attack and caused the enemy to withdraw. Private Nakae’s extraordinary heroism and devotion to duty are in keeping with the highest traditions of military service and reflect great credit on him, his unit, and the United States Army.

Related pages
 List of Medal of Honor recipients for World War II
 List of Asian American Medal of Honor recipients
 Posthumous recognition

References

Other websites
 "Army Secretary Lionizes 22 World War II Heroes" at Defense.gov 
 

1917 births
1998 deaths
Military people from Hawaii
United States Army Medal of Honor recipients
American people of World War II
Maeshowe

Maeshowe, also known as Orkhaugr, a burial mound in Orkney, Scotland, with underground passage graves. It was built during the Neolithic period, about 3000 years ago. It has been included in the World Heritage Site, Heart of Neolithic Orkney.

The mound used to be taller, with a depression in the top, looking like a small volcano. It measured 11 meters in height and had a diameter of 30 meters. This was changed in 1861 when the mound was dug into by archaeologist James Farrer.

It was built on a raised level area and surrounded by a ditch and a raised bank. It may have been built on top of an earlier structure. Research shows that the ditch used to be filled with water, and there was a large stone circle around the mound. The grave itself is a long narrow entrance opening into a large chamber. There are three smaller rooms which open into the main chamber. It has been built to line up with the sun at the Winter Solstice.

Maeshowe had been dug up in the 12th century by the Vikings. It has many Norse carvings on the rocks.

References

Prehistoric buildings and structures
Buildings and structures in Scotland
Archaeological sites in Scotland
World Heritage Sites in the United Kingdom
Orkney
Neolithic
Clare Hall, Cambridge

Clare Hall is one of the colleges of the University of Cambridge, England. It was built in 1966. It has about 145 postgraduate students (students that already have a degree). It allows both men and women but no undergraduate students. It is one of the smallest colleges but has 125 Fellows (teachers), making the ratio fellows/students very high. 

The college was built by Clare College to make it easier for people who are not students anymore to come back to university and do further education. This is why the college has many facilities for families and for sports.

References

Other websites 
Official website

Colleges of the University of Cambridge
1966 establishments in England
Corpus Christi College, Cambridge

Corpus Christi College (full name:The College of Corpus Christi and the Blessed Virgin Mary) is one of the colleges of the University of Cambridge, England. It was built in 1352 and is special because it was created by local people living in Cambridge, not by royals or nobles as most of the other colleges. It is one of the smallest colleges with about 450 students.

Corpus Christi College has the oldest court in Europe, Old Court, finished in 1356. The New Court, that also has the chapel (small church), was built in 1827. On the corner of the student's library there is the Corpus Clock, a clock made of gold which has a very complicated mechanism. The clock is visible on the main street of Cambridge, King's Parade. The college has another library, the Parker library, that has very old and precious books.

Some very famous people have studied here, like Thomas Cavendish.

References

Other websites 
Official website

Colleges of the University of Cambridge
1352 establishments
14th-century establishments in England
1350s establishments in Europe
Ipse dixit

Ipse dixit is a Latin phrase which means "He, himself, said it".

In logic, ipse dixit is known as the bare assertion fallacy. One form of the fallacy may be summarized as follows:
 Fact 1: X claims statement A.
 Fact 2: X claims that X is not lying.
 Conclusion: Therefore, A is true or false or whatever X claims it is.
A bare assertion denies that an issue is debatable. In other words, that's just the way it is. In Alice in Wonderland, the problem of ipse dixit is explained by example.
    "When I use a word," Humpty Dumpty said, in rather a scornful tone, "it means just what I choose it to mean—neither more nor less."
    "The question is," said Alice, "whether you can make words mean so many different things."
    "The question is," said Humpty Dumpty, "which is to be master      that's all."

The most basic way to distort an issue is to deny that it exists.

Ipse dixit is used to identify and describe a dogmatic statement which the speaker expects the listener to accept as valid. Ipse dixit is a sort of arbitrary dogmatism. The only proof we have of the fact is that this person said it.<ref>[http://dictionary.law.com/Default.aspx?selected=1027 "Ipse dixit at Law.com]; retrieved 2012-12-10.</ref>

The theory of ipse dixit involves that an unproven statement that the speaker claims is true because it was uttered by "an authority" on the subject. The opinion may carry some weight based solely on the authority or standing of the person said it.

 History 
In the De natura deorum (On the Nature of the Gods), the Roman writer Cicero (106–43 BC) coined the term ipse dixit as an error in law. Cicero was describing the students of Pythagoras.

Jeremy Bentham changed the term ipse-dixit into the word ipse-dixitism. He created this term to apply to political arguments.Ipse dixit is made specific in American law. For example, in a 1997 case, the US Supreme Court recognized the problem of "opinion evidence which is connected to existing data only by the ipse dixit'' of an expert".

Related pages
 False dilemma
 Truthiness
 Intensity of preference

References 

Logical fallacies
Latin words and phrases
Darwin College, Cambridge

Darwin College is one of the colleges of the University of Cambridge, England. It was built in 1964, and it was the first college to have both men and women as students. The college has about 650 students: they are all postgraduate since Darwin does not allow undergraduates. The name comes from the famous scientist Charles Darwin and his family.

Some very famous people have studied here, like Elizabeth Blackburn. She won the 2009 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in medicine.

It is on the bank of River Cam opposite to Queens' College.

Other websites 
Official website

Colleges of the University of Cambridge
1964 establishments in the United Kingdom
1960s establishments in England
Downing College, Cambridge

Downing College is one of the colleges of the University of Cambridge, England. It was built in 1800 and has around 650 students.

The name comes from Sir George Downing, who left money and land in his will to build a college when he died in 1749. However, not everyone in the family agreed with this. So, for many years until 1800 there were fights in courts until the judges decided that the will should be followed.

Some very famous people have studied at Downing College, like Quentin Blake, John Cleese and Thandie Newton.

Further reading 
Rawle, Tim, A Classical Adventure: The Architectural History of Downing College, Cambridge, Cantabrigia, Oxbridge Portfolio, 2015,

Other websites 
Official website

Colleges of the University of Cambridge
Höðr

Höðr (also written Hodhr, Hothr, Hothur, Hoder, Hodur, Hodor, Hodr) is the blind twin brother of Baldr and son of Odin and Frigg in Norse mythology.

He is shown as having his eyes closed or covering them completely. Höðr is associated as the god of winter and the cold as well as being the god of darkness, unlike his brother Baldr, who is god of light. The only source of information of him thus far is when he is seen as being manipulated and tricked by Loki, and therefore accidentally killing his brother Baldr by throwing a shaft of mistletoe and piercing him in the heart. Höðr's sworn enemy is Váli, who is born to avenge his brother's death by killing Höðr. It was said that after Ragnarök, Höðr and Baldr shall survive to rule alongside each other. 

 

Norse gods and goddesses
The Power Within

The Power Within is the fifth studio album by DragonForce. It was released on April 11, 2012 in Japan and on April 15, 2012 worldwide. It is the first album to have Mark Hudson on vocals.

Track listing

Personnel

Band members 
Marc Hudson – Vocals
Herman Li – Guitars, backing vocals, producing, mixing, engineering
Sam Totman – Guitars, backing vocals, producing, mixing
Vadim Pruzhanov – Keyboards, piano, theremin, Kaoss Pad, backing vocals
Dave Mackintosh – Drums, backing vocals
Frédéric Leclercq – Bass, backing vocals, additional guitars

References 

Power metal
DragonForce
2008 albums
John Hancock Tower

The John Hancock Tower, also called Hancock Place, The Hancock Tower, or The Hancock, is a 60-story, 790-foot (241 m) skyscraper in Boston. It was named for the John Hancock Insurance company. The tower was designed by Henry N. Cobb and was completed in 1976. It has been the tallest building in Boston for more than 30 years. It is also the tallest building in New England.

Its street address is 200 Clarendon Street. At first, John Hancock Insurance primarily used the building, but after 2004, some offices moved to a new building.

Architecture
The John Hancock Tower was designed in 1972. It is a glass monolith. It was made in the minimalist and the modernist skyscraper design.

The largest panes of glass possible were used. There are no spandrel panels, and very few mullions. The floor plan has a parallelogram shape. The window glass is tinted slightly blue.

History
The tower has an observation deck that was a famous attraction. However, the observation deck was closed after the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks.

In 2006, Broadway Partners bought Hancock Place for $1.3 billion.  By 2009, they had defaulted on the loans they used to buy the building, and it was forclosed. On March 30, 2009, Hancock Place was sold at auction for $660 million to a consortium of "Normandy Real Estate Partners" and "Five Mile Capital Partners". In October 2010, Boston Properties bought the John Hancock Tower for $930 million.

The Hancock Tower was built by "John Hancock Insurance".

Notes

References
Oct. 15, 1973. "Those Window Pains" , TIME.
Harl P. Aldrich, James R. Lambrechts (Fall 1986). "Back Bay Boston, Part II: Groundwater Levels ", Civil Engineering Practice, Volume 1, Number 2.

Related pages

John Hancock, for whom John Hancock Insurance was named
Prudential Tower for an image of the Boston skyline from Cambridge in 1963, with the old 26-story Hancock building a conspicuous landmark.

Other websites
 
library-towers John Hancock Tower
Architecture Week  When Bad Things Happen to Good Buildings
The Perfect Skyscraper The Perfect Skyscraper
Special Report on the Boston Globe; "The Hancock at 30" includes 4 audio slideshows
Globe Critic, Robert Campbell, on the problems of the John Hancock Tower
So, what should we call the John Hancock Tower now? (photos of construction)

Buildings and structures in Boston, Massachusetts
Skyscrapers in the United States
I. M. Pei buildings
1969 establishments in the United States
1960s establishments in Massachusetts
4th century BC

The 4th century BC started the first day of 400 BC and ended the last day of 301 BC.

People
 Praxiteles
 Alexander the Great
Theophrastus

Theophrastus (; c. 371 – c. 287 BC), a Greek native of Eresos in Lesbos, was the successor to Aristotle in the Peripatetic school.

He came to Athens at a young age and studied in Plato's school. After Plato's death, he attached himself to Aristotle. Aristotle bequeathed to Theophrastus his writings and designated him as his successor at the Lyceum.

Theophrastus led the Peripatetic school for thirty-six years, during which time the school flourished greatly. He is often considered the "father of botany" for his works on plants. After his death, the Athenians honoured him with a public funeral. His successor as head of the school was Strato of Lampsacus.

4th-century BC births
3rd-century BC deaths
Ancient Greek philosophers
Commodores

The Commodores are an American funk and soul music group. They were most popular in the 1970s and 1980s. The band was formed in 1968 in Tuskegee, Alabama. They are signed with Motown. Their hit songs include Three Times a Lady, Easy and Brick House. During the early times, Lionel Richie sang with the Commodores.

1960s American music groups
1970s American music groups
1980s American music groups
1990s American music groups
2000s American music groups
2010s American music groups
American R&B bands
Funk bands
Musical groups from Alabama
Soul bands
Cops (TV series)

Cops is an American documentary-styled television reality show which follows police officers, constables and deputies during patrols and other activities which began in March 1989 and has been aired in many countries. The show is broadcasted through Fox and has been shown in over 100 cities in the United States. Every episode is about twenty two minutes long. The show was cancelled due to the George Floyd protests.

Other websites

Channel Links 

1989 American television series debuts
1980s American television series
1990s American television series
2000s American television series
2010s American television series
American crime television series
Police television series
English-language television programs
Hydrophone

Hydrophone is a microphone which is used to measure sound under water. It uses an echolocation system. You would use a hydrophone if you wanted to examine the sound of  fish or maybe if you wanted to listen to find out if there is any sea creature in this part of the ocean. Using several hydrophones make the sound better by making it louder and making it able to reach further distances it is even possible to listen in a specific direction.  

The first hydrophone was used by Reginald Fessenden, a Canadian inventor in 1914. 

 

Audio technology
Narva

Narva is the third biggest city in Estonia. Around 64,000 people were living in Narva as of January 2011. Danish people established Narva in 1223.

Other webcites

 Narvan kaupunki

Cities in Estonia
Rochester, Kent

Rochester is a town in Medway, North Kent. It is famous for Rochester Cathedral.

It also has a railway station, Rochester railway station.

Medway
Towns in Kent
8th century BC

The 8th century BC started the first day of 800 BC and ended the last day of 701 BC.

Important people
 Homer
Medway

Medway (commonly called the Medway Towns) is a large urban area in North Kent, near South East London. It has around a quarter of a million people. The Medway Towns are made up of 5 towns: Strood, Rochester, Chatham, Gillingham and Rainham. It is named after the River Medway.

Medway
Karhu

Karhu (in english "The Bear") is Finnish brand of beer. It is the most popular beer in Finland. Its history begins in 1920, in Pori. Production of Karhu stopped in the early 1930s, but continued again from 1958.

Products 
Karhu III (4,6 %), launched 1961
Karhu A (5,4 %)
Tosi Vahva Karhu (Very Strong Bear) (8%), launched 1999
Karhu III, 1 litran tölkki (4,6 %)
Karhu Tumma (Dark Bear) I ( 2.8%)
Karhu Ruis ( 4.6% / 6,0%)

Other websites 
website 

Beers of Finland
Kruskal's algorithm

Kruskal's algorithm is a greedy algorithm to find a minimum spanning tree in a weighted, undirected graph. Joseph Kruskal first described it in 1956:

In this case, the shortest edge is the one with the lowest weight.

Example 

Download the example data.

References

Greedy algorithms
Graph theory
Combinatorial optimization
Koff

Koff is Finnish brand of beer. Koff is one of the most popular beers in Finland. It is made by Sinebrychoffs, a Finnish company that advertices lager beers.

Products 
 Koff I (2,5 %)
 Koff III (4,5 %)
 Koff IVA (5,2 %)
 Koff Extra Brew III (4,5 %)
 Koff Extra Brew IV (5,2 %)
 Koff Lite (4,2 %)

Other websites 
 Koff.fi  

Beers of Finland
Olvi

Olvi is Finnish brand of beer. Olvi is mostly made from Finnish ingredients, besides Humulus lupulus, which is from Bavaria.

Other websites 
 The Olvi web site 

Beers of Finland

en:Olvi
Lapin Kulta

Lapin Kulta is Finnish, Hartwalls brand of beer. Traditionally it's been made in Tornio but 2010 production moved to Lahti.

Products
 Lapin Kulta I
 Lapin Kulta III
 Lapin Kulta IVA (5,2 %)
 Lapin Kulta Long Neck 
 Lapin Kulta Tuisku

Other websites 
 Lapin Kulta 

Beers of Finland
A Werewolf Boy

'A Werewolf Boy' is a South Korean fantasy romance movie. It did well at the box office in 2012. The movie has been a huge box-office success by drawing audiences totaling 6,600,000 people in less than two months. The movie's lyrical atmosphere and the performance of the stars caught audiences’ eyes.

Plot 
The movie starts with a flashback told by a grandmother, Suni. When a girl, Suni, lived in an isolated mountain village for her recuperation in 1965. A boy who looks like a beggar suddenly appeared. Nobody knows his origin, his family and how old he is. He cannot speak. He only growls like an aniimal. At first, Suni and can't get used to his strange behavior such as eating food with his hands ravenously. They grow fond of him gradually, so they named the boy Chulsu.

Jitae, who is a landlord of the house Suni is living, loves her. He begrudges Chulsu being close to Suni. With experts and old documents, Jitae found out that Chulsu was one of the abandoned children in the Korean war. Now he is a kind of werewolf boy. He is genetically modified by a scientist to make a more powerful soldier. Jitae slandered Chulsu because Chulsu has extreme strength unlike a normal human being. His body temperature is 46 degrees Celsius. Because of Jitae’s lies, people try to kill Chul-su to protect themselves. Suni decides to leave the village to keep him from being injured.

After 47 years, when Suni visits the village to sell the house, she sees Chulsu again. She is moved by his long waiting. Chulsu reads a fairy tale book to Suni which they promised to read together 47 years ago. However, she has to leave him again and return to America. She leaves a message "Wait for me." again as she did when she was young. Chulsu waits for her believing that she will come back again someday.

Cast 

The main actor, Song Joong-ki is a famous Korean actor. He achieves popularity through various kinds of movies and dramas. For example, SungKyunKwan Scandle, Deep-rooted tree, The innocent Man and Hearty Paws 2. The main actress, Park Bo-young, is also a widely loved actress who made a big name through the movie Speedy Scandle. Both of them rose to more fame with the movie A Werewolf Boy.

Music 
"My prince", song by Park Bo-young

This is the song Suni sings to the accompaniment of a guitar for Chulsu in the movie. By seeing her singing mellifluously, Chulsu fell in love with her.

Other websites 
Official site of the movie A Werewolf Boy 
Official site in English 

South Korean movies
2012 movies
Monster movies
Harnai District

Harnai District () is a district in the Balochistan Province of Pakistan.

Districts of Balochistan (Pakistan)
Mega (Chile)

Mega, whose letters stand for Red Televisiva Megavisión, is a Chilean television network.

Programs

Previous programs

Other websites

Official site

Mega
1990 establishments in Chile
Chilevisión

Chilevisión, whose letters stand for Red de Televisión Chilevisión, is a Chilean television network.

Programs

Previous programs

Other websites

Official site

Chilean television networks
Coloratura

Coloratura is a term meaning florid singing in which singers demonstrate great agility with their voices. Although often associated with light sopranos, it can apply to any voice type such as tenor, mezzo-soprano, baritone, bass, especially in the bel canto repertoire.

Singing
High intensity training

High Intensity Training (HIT) is a form of strength training popularized in the 1970s by Arthur Jones. HIT focuses on performing quality weight training repetitions to the point of momentary muscular failure. The training takes into account the number of repetitions, the amount of weight, and the amount of time the muscle is exposed to muscle tension in order to maximize the amount of muscle fiber recruitment.

References

Other websites
 Arthur Jones's Nautilus Bulletin #1
 Arthur Jones's Nautilus Bulletin #2
 What is High Intensity Training?

Training
Fitness
Beth Hatefutsoth

The Nahum Goldmann Museum of the Jewish Diaspora (or "Beth Hatefutsoth") is an history and anthropology museum in Tel Aviv, Israel. It is dedicated to the Jewish communities around the world. The museum was established in 1978 after 10 years of building. The museum is a part of the Tel Aviv University campus and also has an educational center to study Jewish folklore. The museum is also a center to documenting and preserving the memory of Jews and Jewish families who have been killed or destroyed in anti-Semitic incidents.

Other websites 

 
 Museum of Jewish Diaspora - Beit Hatefusoth  at ilMuseums.com
 Tracing History in Israel - slideshow by The New York Times

Museums in Tel Aviv
International Institute for Terrorism Research

International Institute for Terrorism Research or International Institute for Counter-Terrorism (ICT) is an international non-profit research center located in Herzliya Interdisciplinary Center (IDC), Israel. The center explores terrorism in Israel and around the world and organizes international meetings with politicians from around the world.

Other websites 
International Institute for Terrorism Research

Think tanks
Terrorism
Israel
1923 Great Kantō earthquake

The  was a Japanese natural disaster in the Kantō region of the island of Honshū.  The earthquake struck at 11:58:44 am JST (2:58:44 UTC) on Saturday, September 1, 1923.  It lasted between 4 and 10 minutes.

This earthquake destroyed Tokyo, the port city of Yokohama, surrounding prefectures of Chiba, Kanagawa, and Shizuoka. It caused widespread damage. About 140,000 people died.

Gallery

Related pages
 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami

Notes

Other websites

Great Kanto Earthquake photos
 Great Kanto earthquake at British Pathé
Great Kanto Earthquake of 1923 at Brown University
USGS Earthquake Lists 

Earthquakes in Japan
1923
1920s in Japan
September events
Tom Daley

Tom Daley (born 21 May 1994) is an English diver. He was born in Plymouth, Devon. He mainly dives from the 10 metre platform, both on his own and in synchro (diving at the same time with another person). He became the World Champion at the age of 15 in 2009.

Daley went to the 2008 Summer Olympics where he was the youngest athlete for Britain. He also went to the 2012 Summer Olympics where he came third in the 10 metre platform event. He has won many other medals. For example, at the 2010 Commonwealth Games he won two golds in the 10 metre platform: one for the individual event, the other for the synchro event with Peter Waterfield.

He has won the BBC Award for Young Personality of the Year three times.

Personal life 
He grew up in Eggbuckland, Plymouth with his mother Debbie, father Rob and two younger brothers, Ben and Will. He went to school at the Thruston Primary School in Plymouth and later went to Plymouth College. He started swimming when he was 3, and diving when he was 7. He did his first international competition when he was 11. In 2013, he stated that he is in a relationship with a man. In 2014, he stated that he is gay.

References

1994 births
Living people
British Olympic bronze medalists
Divers
English LGBT people
English sportspeople
Gay men
LGBT Olympians
People from Plymouth
Emmanuel College, Cambridge

Emmanuel College is one of the colleges of the University of Cambridge, England. It was built in 1584 and has around 650 students. Emmanuel has the tradition of doing very well in the exams.

Some very famous people have studied at this College, like Graham Chapman.

In 2006, the Dean of Emmanuel College said that same-sex couples can have civil partnerships at Emmanuel's Chapel. This made it the first in the Church of England to allow this.

References

Other websites 
Official website

Colleges of the University of Cambridge
Fitzwilliam College, Cambridge

Fitzwilliam College is one of the colleges of the University of Cambridge, England. It is often called Fitz from the students. It was created in 1966, but it is based on earlier student groups and associations. These began in 1869 with the idea of helping poor people to study at Cambridge. Today the college has around 750 students and is one of the largest. Fitzwilliam has the tradition of doing quite well in the sports.

Some very famous people have studied at this College, like Charles Scott Sherrington and Albert Szent-Györgyi who both won Nobel Prizes.

The name of the college comes from the Fitzwilliam family.

References

Other websites 
Official website

Colleges of the University of Cambridge
Girton College, Cambridge

Girton College is one of the colleges of the University of Cambridge, England. It was built in 1869 and it was the first college for women. It was given official status only in 1948, when women were allowed in the university. In 1976, it started allowing men too. The college has about 700 students.

The college is about 2.5 miles (4 km) away from the university town. It takes the name from the village where it is found, Girton.

Some very famous people have studied at this Girton, like Queen Margrethe II of Denmark.

It has one of the biggest libraries in Cambridge.

Other websites 
Official website

Colleges of the University of Cambridge
Federation of Genealogical Societies

The Federation of Genealogical Societies is a non-profit organization and consortium of Genealogy Societies. Its headquarters are located in Austin, Texas in the United States. It works with genealogy organizations around the world.

Other websites 
 Federation of Genealogical Societies
 FGS Blog 
 FGS 2011 Conference, September 7-10, 2011 
 FGS Society Hall 

Austin, Texas
Non-profit organizations of the United States
Genealogy
Pendulum (band)

Pendulum are an Australian/British drum and bass duo from Perth, Western Australia. The duo consists of Paul Harding and Ben Mount.

The band was created in 2002 by Rob Swire, Gareth McGrillen, and Paul Harding. The live members of the band left in 2012 to focus on other projects with Swire and McGrillen leaving to create the band Knife Party. The DJ set for the band is still active though.

They released their debut album Hold Your Colour on 25 July 2005. Their second album In Silico was released on May 12, 2008 in Europe and on May 13, 2008 in North America. They released their final studio album Immersion with the live band on 21 May 2010.

Discography

Studio albums
Hold Your Colour (2005)
In Silico (2008)
Immersion (2010)

References

Other websites 
Official website

2000s music groups
Musical groups established in 2002
2010s music groups
Australian rock bands
Electronic music bands
Musical duos
Musical groups from Western Australia
Ryan Longwell

Ryan Longwell (born August 16, 1974) was an NFL kicker from 1997-2012. He went to college in California. He played for the Green Bay Packers and the Minnesota Vikings. His jersey number was 8.

References

Other websites 
Pro Football Reference

1974 births
Green Bay Packers players
Living people
Minnesota Vikings players
Jovan Belcher

Jovan Belcher (July 24, 1987 – December 1, 2012) was an American football player. He was a line backer in the NFL for the Kansas City Chiefs. He was a student at the University of Maine. He played in the NFL from 2009 until his death.

Belcher was born in West Babylon, New York.

On the evening of December 1, 2012 in Kansas City, Missouri, he shot his partner dead and committed suicide by shooting himself.

References

Other websites 
Pro-Football Reference

1987 births
2012 deaths
African American players of American football
American murderers
Criminals from New York
Kansas City Chiefs players
Murderers who committed suicide
Murder-suicides in the United States
Sportspeople from New York
Sportspeople who committed suicide
Suicides by firearm in the United States