cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Poverty

Poverty means not having enough money for basic needs such as food, drinking water, shelter, or toiletries. Many people in different countries live in poverty, especially in developing areas of West and Sub-Saharan Africa, Latin America, Caribbean and some parts of Asia. 

There are different ways to measure poverty. The World Bank says that extreme poverty is when someone has less than US$1 a day to live on (that dollar is an ideal one). It has been changed to rule out certain effects such as inflation, meaning that prices of things rise higher than what a person is paid, and other price level differences. Moderate poverty is when people have to live on less than $2 a day. In the year 2001, 1.1 billion people were seen as extremely poor, and 2.7 billion were seen as moderately poor. 

In the developed world this does not apply. There, many people are seen as the working poor. They have a job, but do not earn enough money for basic things such as food and a home. In most developed countries, people without jobs receive money from the government, but this is often less than what they need for a comfortable life. 

There are different ways to tell if a country is rich or poor. The Gross Domestic Product, or GDP, and Human Development Index, or HDI, are two of those measures. Gross Domestic Product is the money made from trade from inside the country. 

HDI, meaning the Human Development Index is a different matter. It is determined by life expectancy and adult literacy rates. Places in Africa like Guinea-Bissau,  Sierra Leone and Mali are the poorest, with Sierra Leone having the lowest HDI ranking in the world.

Poverty is a hurdle in the way of a country's progress. One way of helping lower poverty is by educating poor people so that they can start contributing to a nation's economic development. Education teaches the poor about their rights and may show them the path to become an important part of the growth and expansion of the country. Vienna Declaration also tells this fact. 

One of the most important things that is needed to make a country richer is for the Government to want to help poor people do better. Without this, it is hard for people to become better off.

“The poor are starving and their hunger keeps them in poverty.” a quote from Nathan Jones

Related pages
 Corruption
 Constitution 
 Constitutional economics
 Feminization of poverty
 Homelessness
 Overpopulation
 Poverty line
 Make Poverty History
 Right to an adequate standard of living
 Social issue
 World Poverty and Human Rights
Chimbote

Chimbote is the largest city in the Ancash Region of Peru.  The city has over 400,000 residents.

It is on the coast of the Pacific Ocean.  Most of the people of Chimbote catch fish, or work with seafood in some way.  The city catches more fish than any other place in Peru. 

Chimbote is known for its good version of the national dish of Peru, ceviche.  Chimbote is also the hometown of the former president of Peru, Alejandro Toledo.

Cities in Peru
Tram

A tram (tramcar, trolley, or streetcar) is a passenger vehicle that is like a light train. It carries people to places within a city. Because a single tram can carry many people at the same time, riding on a tram instead of driving a car is a good way to help prevent pollution and stop the roads getting too busy.

The word tram is used mainly outside North America, while within North America these vehicles are called streetcars or trolleys as they run mainly on streets.

More modern and larger trams manufactured since the 1970s, such as the one in the second picture from Warsaw, are called light rail vehicles.  These vehicles are bigger because they are very often made of two or more parts, with a bendy section in the middle which works like a human joint.  In railway jargon, these types of vehicles are called "articulated".  These may sometimes have their own right-of-way instead of traveling on the street and their stops are usually farther apart than the stops of trams so that they can travel faster.  

On Market Street in San Francisco, vintage streetcars from the 1910s through the 1940s, called "historic streetcars" (the F Market line), that travel on the street are a popular tourist attraction.  Another city whose trams are highly used by tourists is Hong Kong, because here the trams have two floors which is very rare in the world.

The largest tram networks in the world are in: Melbourne, St. Petersburg, Amsterdam, Berlin, Moscow and Vienna.

History

Trams first came into use in the 1890s, when they replaced horsecars--streetcars drawn by horses.

In the 1910s to 1930s, in many metropolitan areas in North America, there were special bigger and longer streetcars that traveled long distances to distant suburbs on what were called interurban lines.  These streetcar lines sometimes had "dedicated tracks" with their own right-of-way (land surrounding the tracks) and made fewer local stops.  

In the late 1940s and early 1950s, in the United States, there was a conspiracy by Standard Oil, General Motors, and Firestone Rubber. They formed a company called National City Lines to buy streetcar systems, tear up the tracks, and replace them with buses in almost all the cities in North America.  They did this so they could make bigger profits by selling more oil, buses, cars and rubber tires.  Because of this, it was necessary to spend  hundreds of millions of dollars of public funds in the 1980s and 1990s to reconstruct the streetcar systems as light rail systems using light rail vehicles.  This conspiracy is somewhat referred to in the 1988 film Who Framed Roger Rabbit.

Related pages
 Light rail
 Rapid transit
 Subway

References
 

Rolling stock
Fast food

Fast food is the term for a kind of food that people eat from a restaurant, cafe or take-out where food is prepared and served quickly. 

It is mass-produced food. It is often pre-prepared and delivered to the shop ready for frying or boiling. There is a strong priority on "speed of service". 

The restaurants that sell fast food are called "fast food shops" or "fast-food restaurants". Some of the more common fast food restaurants are McDonald's, Wendy's, Burger King, Culver's, Taco Bell, and KFC. All these chains have a limited short menu and serve the same kind of food in all their outlets. The shops are subcontracted by the supplying company and tied absolutely by contract to that single supplier. However, the same kind of criticism could be (and is) directed at some other kinds of restaurants. The problem is seen by many critics as being one of over-eating, rather than one of the specific food types.

Criticism
Fast food is often considered unhealthy due to it being loaded with calories, sodium, and unhealthy fat—often enough in one meal for an entire day. It also tends to be low in nutrients and almost totally lacking in fruit, vegetables, and fiber. Eating too much fast food can cause a human to have poor quality health which is linked to a higher risk of obesity, depression, digestive issues, heart disease, and stroke, type 2 diabetes, cancer, and early death.

References
Ford (disambiguation)

Ford can mean more than one thing:
Henry Ford, U.S. inventor; or other members of his family
Ford Motor Company, car company started by Henry Ford; and the cars and trucks it makes
Gerald Ford, former U.S. President
Harrison Ford, U.S. actor
ford, a safe, shallow place to get to the other side of a river
Scott Joplin

Scott Joplin was an American ragtime musician and composer.  He is widely considered the greatest ragtime composer of all time.

Early life 
Joplin was African-American and born in the U.S. state of Texas sometime between June 1867 and January 1868 and grew up in Texarkana, Texas. His relatives were railroad workers. His father wanted him to find work that would pay. His mother said he should learn music. Even though he was from Texas, most of his pieces were written when he was in Missouri and New York City.

Musical career 
Joplin is most well known for writing piano pieces called rags. His music became popular again in the 1970s, with the album Scott Joplin: Piano Rags, performed by Joshua Rifkin, from Nonesuch Records. He may be most commonly known now by the Marvin Hamlisch adaptation of his composition The Entertainer (1902) which was used in the 1973 movie The Sting starring Paul Newman and Robert Redford. His best-known song while he was alive was Maple Leaf Rag (1899). Other rags he wrote were The Ragtime Dance (1906) and Magnetic Rag (1914). Scott Joplin wrote more than 40 piano rags, but he also wrote two operas; A Guest of Honor and Treemonisha. A Guest of Honor was performed in Joplin's lifetime, but since then the music has been lost. Treemonisha was never performed while Joplin was alive, but it has been performed since then. Joplin also wrote a symphony, but the music has been lost.

Death 
Joplin died of syphilis in New York City on April 1, 1917.

References

Bibliography
Gildo De Stefano, Ragtime, jazz & dintorni. Preface by Amiri Baraka. SUGARCO Editions, Milano 2007 

1867 births
1917 deaths
20th-century American composers
African American musicians
American pianists
Deaths from infectious disease
Musicians from Texas
Flag of Japan

The flag of Japan shows a red sun (rising sun) in the middle of a white field. It is called "Nisshoki" (日章旗) formally in Japan. But Japanese people usually call it "Hinomaru" (日の丸) which means "circle of the sun".
The Japanese navy uses the other flag; the sun has rays.
This flag represents the heat of the sun. Its colours are red and white. 

Japanese culture
Japan, Flag of
Deafness

Deafness is when someone cannot hear at all, or cannot hear well. Deafness is also known as 'hearing loss'. There were many famous people who were deaf, such as Ludwig van Beethoven and Helen Keller.

Definition

A person is considered to be deaf if they cannot hear the same range of sounds as a person with normal hearing ability. People that cannot hear any sounds are also deaf. People who are partially deaf may hear some sounds and may hear words.

People who cannot hear and understand words well are 'hard of hearing'. And people who cannot hear and speak are called "deaf-mute".

Things that help deaf people

 Hearing aid, which helps a deaf person to hear sounds.
 Teletypewriter (TTY), a machine that allows a deaf person to communicate with people.
 Sign language, a language which allows a deaf person to have a conversation with someone else.
 Hearing dog, a dog that has been trained to hear sounds and help a deaf person.

Causes

There are different causes of deafness:
Age: Many people hear less well as they get older. Few lose all hearing, and when they do, there is a specific reason.
Exposure to noise: Being in a noisy environment for a long time may damage ears and cause hearing loss.
Genetic conditions: There may be a history of deafness in the family. If the mother and/or father are deaf, their child will have a strong chance of being deaf.
Diseases: Certain diseases may cause deafness.
Drugs: Certain drugs may cause changes to hearing, including deafness.
Chemicals: Certain chemicals can damage the ear.
Natural: People are occasionally born deaf. Sometimes there is no explanation why they are deaf.

Categories of deafness 
Generally, there are two views of deafness:
 Medical view: the effects of deafness and measuring type and how much of loss (as seen in categories below).
 Sign language in deaf culture: includes people who use sign language to communicate and are part of group of people who share life experiences. Referring to people of the cultural group the phrase "Deaf people" is used and deaf is capitalized (as shown previously). A person using the medical view would write "people who are deaf".
These categories may overlap.
 Unilateral hearing loss – loss of hearing in one ear only
 Pre-lingual deafness – deafness at birth or deafness that started before language is learned
 Peri-lingual deafness – deafness that started while learning a first language
 Post-lingual deafness – deafness that started after a language has been learned
 Partial loss of hearing – limited hearing loss
 Progressive hearing loss – hearing loss that becomes worse as time passes
 Profound hearing loss – complete or near-complete hearing loss
 Tone deaf – not able to hear differences in relative pitch (in music)
 Tinnitus – hearing damage that causes high pitched ringing.  This makes it so that the person cannot hear other sounds
 Conductive – hearing loss caused by sound being blocked from going into ears
 Sensorineural – hearing loss caused by hair cells in ears being damaged

Other websites 

Disability
Hearing
Health problems

sl:Slušna prizadetost#Okvara sluha
Liver bird

The Liver birds are two large and famous bronze metal birds on top of a building - the Liver Building - in the city of Liverpool, England. The building has the offices of an insurance organization. The birds are symbol of the city, although no birds really look like this. 

The sound of the end of the word "liver" in the name of the bird is like "driver" not "river". The start of the word Liverpool ("liver") sounds like the word "river". This is a funny play on words. 

There is also a British television sitcom with the same name that is about two young women who share a flat in Liverpool. The play on words is increased by a second British slang meaning of the word "bird" to mean young woman.

Many people in Liverpool (known as Liverpudlians) are proud of their city and of the Liver birds. There is a story that the birds will come alive if a truly pure woman walks between them. This will never happen! This is an example of the humor of the local people.

Liverpool, Merseyside
Sculptures
Demonstration

A demonstration can mean an event where people do something to let others know what they think and to try to change their point of view. It is one kind of protest. Examples of demonstrations include marches, where people walk together, and rallies, where people gather in one place. During a demonstration, the people who are part of it, called demonstrators, may display placards or other symbols that are easy to see, especially when the protests are being shown on mass media such as news, television, or social networks.

Demonstrations are often made against a government if they do something the people do not want. Because they are meant for many people to be a part of, they are usually considered more successful if more people take part. Demonstration is permitted by international human rights law as the freedom of assembly if done peacefully (meaning there is no violence). However, demonstrations can get out of control and even turn into a riot.

Another meaning 
A demonstration can also mean when someone shows how to do something, or in what ways a thing can be used. Salespeople often demonstrate things like computers, cars, and televisions to customers so they can make sure the customer sees all the features of the item. "Demo" is short for demonstration, and people often use it to describe this meaning of the word.

References 

Social sciences
Chartist

The Chartists were people who wanted to get more rights for working class people in the mid-19th century. They were called Chartists because they wrote their main aims down in the People's Charter of 1838.

Other websites 
 The-six-points from CHARTIST ANCESTORS
 Punch Series on "Great Chartest Demonstrations"
 Illustrated London News, April 15th, 1848 
 Spartacus index on Chartism 

19th century in the United Kingdom
Movie theater

A movie theater or movie theatre, is a place where movies are shown on a big screen. People or "patrons" (the audience) watch movies, usually in chairs inside an auditorium. The movie is projected with a movie projector onto a large projection screen at the front of the auditorium while the dialogue, sounds and music are played through a number of wall-mounted speakers. A movie theatre is sometimes called a cinema. A theatre with multiple screens commonly is called a "multi-plex" or "mega-plex" (if more than 10 screens). Movie theatres have comfortable chairs. There are different types of formats of a movie theatre.

The first movie theatre was opened to the public on April 23, 1896, in Koster and Bial's Music Hall on 34th Street in New York City. The oldest movie theatre in the world, which is still in action today is the Kino Pionier (opened 1907) in Szczecin, Poland. Movie theatres make money from not only movie tickets but from concessions which sell food and drinks (popcorn, candy, soft drinks, etc.). In recent years with the increase of movie rental costs, theatres have become more and more creative about how they make money. New theatres being built include restaurants, party rooms, conference rooms, arcades and more.

Movie industry
1654



Events 
 April 5 – Signing of the Treaty of Westminster, ending the First Anglo-Dutch War.
 June 3 – Louis XIV of France crowned at Rheims
 June 6 – Charles X succeeds his cousin Christina to the Swedish throne. After her abdication on June 5, Christina now the former reigning queen of a Protestant nation, secretly converts to Catholicism.
 September 3 – In the Rump Parliament, the republican party questions Cromwell's pre-eminence
 September 12 – Oliver Cromwell orders the exclusion of the members of Parliament who are hostile to him.
 October 12 – Carel Fabritius, the most promising student of Rembrandt, dies aged 32 in an explosion at the arsenal at Delft. The Delft Explosion devastates the city in the Netherlands, killing more than 100.
 October 31 – Ferdinand Maria, elector of Bavaria is crowned. His absolutistic style of leadership becomes a benchmark for the rest of Germany
 November 23 – French mathematician, scientist, and religious philosopher Blaise Pascal experiences an intense mystical vision that marks him for life.
 Death of An Calbhach mac Aodha O Conchobhair Donn, last inaugurated King of Connacht (inaugurated 1643
 Twenty-three Jewish refugees from Brazil settle in New Amsterdam, forming the nucleus of what would be the largest urban Jewish community in history, the Jewish community of New York City.
The Ukrainian Bogdan Chmielnicki renounces Ukrainian independence and swears allegiance to Tsar Alexis of Russia
The Russian Army seizes Smolensk, and war starts between Russia and Poland over Ukraine
 Otto von Guericke proves the existence of atmospheric pressure
The North Avenue Irregulars

The North Avenue Irregulars is a 1979 movie starring Edward Hermann, Ruth Buzzi, Steven Franken, and Cliff Osmond.

Plot 

The movie is about a newly installed minister, who entrusts, despite objections by the founding pastors daughter, the churches "sinking fund" money into the hands of a congregate whom he does not even know, with instructions to increase the amount in the fund.

The money is bet on a horse race, and upon hearing this, the Pastor gives the shortest sermon in history and begins a pursuit of the money and the organized crime syndicate, amid the hijinx of assorted feminine members of the congregation in a pursuit of the "money trail".

1979 comedy movies
English-language movies
Scramble for Africa

The Scramble for Africa, also called the Race for Africa was a time in History when there was a large amount of colonial expansion in Africa. It lasted from the 1880s until the start of World War I. Many European countries started colonies in Africa during this time.  This is an example of New Imperialism.  The last half of the 19th century saw a change in the way countries controlled their colonies.  They changed from economic control through mass settlement, to political and military control of the colony's resources This was seen in the fight for the areas that were controlled by European nations. 

Many people became famous for helping European countries find more land in Africa, These people included the explorers David Livingston, Henry Morton Stanley, and Pierre Savorgnan de Brazza as well as the French politician Jules Ferry.

The Berlin Conference (1884 - 1885) tried to end disputes between the United Kingdom, the French Third Republic, the German Empire, and other European countries. They agreed that "effective occupation" would be the rule for colonial claims. Laws were made for using direct rule on a colony, backed up by military power.

Other reading 
 Maria Petringa, Brazza, A Life for Africa  (2006)  

19th century in Africa
20th century in Africa
Colonialism
History of Africa
1160s



Events 
 Leipzig becomes a city.
 England starts to take over Ireland.

Births 
 Pope Innocent III
 Emperor Takakura of Japan
 Genghis Khan, leader and founder of the Mongol Empire

Deaths 
 Eric IX of Sweden
 Emperor Qinzong of China
 Theobald of Bec, Archbishop of Canterbury

Leaders 
 Theobald of Bec, Archbishop of Canterbury (1138–1161)
 Thomas Becket, Archbishop of Canterbury (1162–1170)

1160s
Game show

A game show is a reality television program where people play a game for points, with the goal of winning money or prizes.  Different game shows use different games.  Most test the players' knowledge, skill, or cleverness.  Many game shows incorporate some element of chance; for example, in Wheel of Fortune, contestants spin a wheel to determine how much prize money they will get for a correct letter.   

Some game shows have the contestants compete against other individual contestants; other game shows group contestants into teams.  Some game shows have regular people as the contestants.  Other game shows have celebrities such as movie actors or musicians as the contestants.   

Many game shows air on the Game Show Network. 

The first game shows were on radio.

Prizes 
Game shows often reward people with money, holidays, or cars. These prizes are often given by the people or group of people that give the game show money to run. The people who give the game show money to run are called sponsors.

Examples 
Examples of game shows include:  

 Press Your Luck (1983-1986)
 Jeopardy! (1964)
 Wheel of Fortune (1973)
 Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (1999)
 Match Game (1962-1982)
 Family Feud (1976)
 Blockbusters
 The Price is Right (1972)
 The Weakest Link (2000)
 Card Sharks
 Deal or No Deal (2005)
 Are You Smarter Than a 5th Grader? (2007) 

Games

Television genres
São Paulo (state)

São Paulo (Portuguese: Saint Paul) is a state in the Southeast Region of Brazil. Its capital city is called São Paulo too.

Geography and economy 
São Paulo is located in the south-east region of Brazil, with close to 248,000 square kilometers of area. (For comparison, Oregon State in the United States of America has 251,000 square miles).

It borders the state of Minas Gerais to the north, the state of Rio de Janeiro and the Atlantic Ocean to the east, the state of Paraná to the south and state of Mato Grosso do Sul to the west.

The capital of São Paulo is the city of São Paulo.

São Paulo is the state in Brazil with the highest economical output.

It has the second highest per capita income of Brazil, second only to the Federal District, where Brasília is located.

With the states of Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul it shares the highest standard of living in Brazil, despite of pockets of blight poverty in its largest cities.

The robust economy of São Paulo is based in industrial production, to include automobile and aviation, agriculture, services and tourism.

Demographics 
São Paulo is the Brazilian state with the largest population and also is the most ethnically diverse.

Portuguese, Italian, Spanish, Arab, Asian and other descents chose São Paulo as their home, due to its thriving economy.

Also migrants from other Brazilian states (especially from the Northeast Region) come to São Paulo in search of a better life. Because there are not enough jobs, these people usually want to back to their states.

Transportation 
São Paulo is the state in Brazil with the largest and most efficient  transportation system.

The city of São Paulo relies on underground train and also suburban at-grade rail systems. City buses complement the public transportation system.

Air traffic is the busiest of all Brazil.

Harbors along the state's ocean front receive and ship a great share of Brazil's export and import goods.

Sports 
São Paulo is a vibrant place when it comes to sports. Football (soccer) is king but the state has human resources and facilities to produce some of the best athletes in the world in many other fields.

The state has many professional soccer clubs but also volleyball has found a niche here.

Auto racing is a staple of the paulista's way of life. The state has produced several racing drivers that have attained international fame.

Main cities 
São Paulo, Campinas, Guarulhos, Osasco, Ribeirão Preto, Santo André, Santos, São Bernardo do Campo, São Carlos, São José dos Campos and Sorocaba.

References

Other websites 
 
 Official site (Portuguese)

 
States of Brazil
Urethra

The urethra is a tube that connects the bladder to the outside of the body. It allows people and animals to remove urine from the body. People and animals control urination using the urethral sphincter.

The urethra is part of the urinary system in mammals. Because humans are mammals, they have urethras. In male mammals, the urethra is also a part of the reproductive system, because males use it as a tube for sperm during sex.

Human anatomy 
In human anatomy, men have longer urethras than women. This means that women have bladder infections more often, because their bladders are closer to the outside. Because the male urethra is longer and is not straight, inserting a catheter (tube to help urination) is more difficult in men.

In women, the urethra is 3-4 cm (1.5 in) long. Its opening to the outside of the body is part of the vulva (the area between a woman's legs). The female urethra is between the clitoris and the opening to the vagina. Men's urethra goes through their penis, but in women it is not in the clitoris.

In men, the urethra is about 20 cm (8 in) long and its opening to the outside of the body is at the end of the penis.
The male urethra has three sections:
The prostatic urethra crosses the prostate gland. The vas deferens also opens into the urethra in this section.
The membranous urethra is a short section that goes through the urethral sphincter. It is 1 or 2 cm long, and is the narrowest (least wide) part of the urethra.
The spongy or penile urethra goes through the penis on its lower side. This section is 15-16 cm (6 in) long and goes through the corpus spongiosum.

Medical problems 
 Urethritis is infection of the urethra. It often pain when urinating.
 Urethral syndrome is related to urethritis.
 Kidney stones that go through the urethra can be painful.

Medical procedures 
To send a tube up the urethra to help drain urine is a common type of catheterization.
To send a tube up the urethra to see the inside of the bladder is called cystoscopy.

Anatomy of the urinary system
Anatomy of the male reproductive system
Intel

Intel Corporation (Integrated Electronics Corporation) is a microprocessor company that was set up in the 1960s. Different types of processors made by Intel are used in many computers. Their most famous older products are the i386, i486, and Pentium models. Intel makes many different products, with their first dedicated consumer GPU scheduled to be released in late 2021. The first Pentium chips were released on March 22, 1993.

Intel Corporation is traded on the NASDAQ under the ticker INTC and has been a component of the Dow Jones Industrial Average since 1999.

Processors

The 4-bit processors 
 Intel 4004
 Intel 4040

The 8-bit processors 
 Intel 8080
 Intel 8085

The 16-bit processors 
 Intel 8086
 Intel 8088
 Intel 80286

The 16-bit processors: the 80386 range 
 Intel 80386

From 1993 to today 
 Pentium
 Atom
 Celeron
 Intel Core
 Intel Core 2
 Intel Core i3
 Intel Core i5
 Intel Core i7
 Intel Core i9

References

Other websites 
 Official homepage of Intel

American technology companies
1968 establishments in the United States
1960s establishments in California
Nintendo Entertainment System

The Nintendo Entertainment System (NES) is the first video game console made by Nintendo in Japan, Europe, the United States. It came out in 1985 in the United States and was very popular.

The controller for the e joysticks that older consoles had. It had a D-pad button, that could go up, down, left, or right. It also had A, B, Select, and Start buttons. The NES could use up to two controllers for multiplayer games. There were also other types of controllers that could be used with the NES.

Some famous games for the NES are Super Mario Bros., The Legend of Zelda, Metroid, Mega Man, Castlevania, Donkey Kong, and Final Fantasy. There have been many sequels made to these games and they are still enjoyed today. Nintendo discontinued (stopped making and selling) the NES in 1995.

Technical details 
The CPU (Central Processing Unit) in the NES is called MOS 6502 and is an 8-bit CPU. The chip that contains the CPU also contains other electronics that generate sound for games and help with some other things. There are two different versions of the chip called 2A03 and 2A07 that are used in different regions of the world (2A03 works with NTSC TVs, 2A07 with PAL TVs). It was made by a company called Ricoh.

The NES uses a chip called the PPU (Picture Processing Unit) to draw graphics on the TV. It has two different versions called 2C02 (for NTSC TVs) and 2C07 (for PAL TVs). It was also made by Ricoh.

Related pages
 10NES
 Nintendo

References

Nintendo video game consoles
Belarusian language

The Belarusian language (, biełaruskaja mova) is an Eastern Slavic language and an Indo-European language.

It is spoken in Belarus and eastern Poland (in the area of Białystok). It is also spoken by Belarusians who live in other countries of Europe, Australia, and North America.

Belarusian is written by the either the Cyrillic alphabet or the Latin alphabet.

References

Slavic languages
Languages of Europe
Kevin Bacon

Kevin Norwood Bacon (born July 8, 1958 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania) is an American movie actor who has starred in Stir of Echoes, Wild Things, JFK, Footloose and Apollo 13, among others. He has been married to actress Kyra Sedgwick since September 4, 1988. They have two children, Travis and Sosie Ruth.  Bacon is known for the Bacon Number.

References

Other websites 
 Bacon's official website
 

Actors from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
American movie actors
American movie producers
American television actors
Golden Globe Award winning actors
Saturn Award winners
Screen Actors Guild Award winners
1958 births
Living people
Saint Pierre and Miquelon

Saint Pierre and Miquelon (French Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon) is a French overseas collectivity.  It is made up of several small islands.  They are close to Newfoundland on the eastern coast of Canada.  It is the only remaining bit of the former French colonial empire territory of New France.

Communes
The communes are:

Miquelon-Langlade
Saint-Pierre

Historically L'Île-aux-Marins was a separate commune.  Then in 1945 it was added into the commune of Saint-Pierre.

In each commune there are settlements Miquelon, Miquelon-Langlade and Saint-Pierre, Saint-Pierre.

References

Other websites 
 Official tourism website for St Pierre and Miquelon
Le Phare: Association of Tourism Professionals
50 (number)

Fifty is the integer that is after forty-nine and before fifty-one.

The prime factors of fifty are 2 and 5. (2 * 5 * 5 = 50) The factors of 50 are 1, 2, 5, 10, 25, and 50. 5*10=50. 50 is the smallest number that can be written as the sum of two squares in two distinct ways: 50=12+72=52+52. Also, 50 is one-half of 100 or half of a century (a century is 100 years).

Integers
Rzeszów

Rzeszów (, ) is city in the south-east part of Poland in Subcarpathian Voivodeship with a population of 170,722 (2008). The city is located on the river Wislok.

Cities in Poland
Houston

Houston is the largest city in the state of Texas. It is the fourth-largest city in the United States. As of 2019, it had a population of over 2 million people. Sylvester Turner became the mayor of Houston in 2015 is. Houston is named for Sam Houston, who fought for Texas freedom in 1836. It is well known for the Johnson Space Center of NASA. 

Houston is known for having the largest medical center and complex in the world, the Texas Medical Center.

George Bush Intercontinental Airport is the main international airport serving Houston, and William P. Hobby Airport is the other international airport that is serving close to downtown Houston.

Sports
Houston has many sports teams, including the Astros, Texans, Rockets, and Houston Dynamo. The Astros play baseball, the Rockets play basketball, the Texans play American Football, and the Houston Dynamo play soccer.

Climate
Houston has a humid subtropical climate (Cfa in the Koeppen climate classification).

References

1836 establishments in the United States
1830s establishments in the Republic of Texas
 
County seats in Texas
Polynesian people

Polynesians are native people from islands in Polynesia, including Hawaii, Tahiti, Samoa, and Maoris in New Zealand.

Polynesia
Hey Arnold!

Hey Arnold! was an American animated television show on the Nickelodeon network. It was about a boy with a football-shaped head named Arnold, his "gang" of friends, and their lives in the fictional city of Hillwood. Each episode of Hey Arnold! ran for about 15 minutes each. In 2002, Nickelodeon made a movie from it. Arnold's best friends in his gang are Gerald, Sid, Stinky, Eugene, Rhonda, Phoebe, Lila, and Curly (who was voiced by Haley Joel Osment). Adult Arnold was voiced by Christopher Walberg.

Animated television series
Nickelodeon television series
English-language television programs
1996 television series debuts
2004 television series endings
José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero

Don José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero (; born 4 August 1960 in Valladolid) is a Spanish politician. He was elected for two terms as Prime Minister of Spain.  This was in the  2004 and 2008 general elections. On 2 April 2011 he said he would not stand for re-election. His party is the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE).

He left the office on 21 December 2011. He was succeeded by Mariano Rajoy. He left the PSOE's Secretary General chair on 4th February 2012 to Alfredo Pérez Rubalcaba. On 9th February he entered the Spanish Council of State. 

Important actions of his government have included withdrawing Spanish troops from Iraq, legalizing same-sex marriages and negotiating with Basque terrorist group ETA.

He studied Law at the University of León, graduating in 1982. Rodríguez Zapatero met Sonsoles Espinosa in León in 1981. They married on 27 January 1990 and have two daughters named Laura (born 1993) and Alba (born 1995).

Zapatero is a supporter of FC Barcelona.

References

Other websites 

Jose Luis Rodriguez Zapatero biography on Infoplease

1960 births
Living people
People from Valladolid
Prime Ministers of Spain
Socialist politicians
Spanish socialists
Louise Brooks

Louise Brooks (Cherryvale, Kansas, 14 November 1906 – Rochester, New York, 8 August 1985) was an American dancer and actress. She became a leading film star, and a style icon famous for her beauty and her bobbed hair style.

In 2006, the centenary of Brooks' birth was celebrated by the release of three DVDs and three books, museum exhibits, screenings, and other events.

Filmography
Brooks' signature film role was as Lulu in G.W. Pabst's Pandora's Box (Die Büchse der Pandora) in 1929. Brooks' portrayal was of a young woman whose raw sexuality and uninhibited nature brings ruin to herself and those who love her. It made the actress a star.

 The Street of Forgotten Men (1925)
 The American Venus (1926)
 A Social Celebrity (1926)
 It's the Old Army Game (1926)
 The Show Off (1926)
 Love 'Em and Leave 'Em (1926)
 Just Another Blonde (1926)
 Evening Clothes (1927)
 Rolled Stockings (1927)
 Now We're in the Air (1927)
 The City Gone Wild (1927)
 A Girl in Every Port (1928)
 Beggars of Life (1928)
 The Canary Murder Case (1929)
 Pandora's Box (1929)
 Diary of a Lost Girl (1929)
 Prix de Beaute (1930)
 Windy Riley Goes Hollywood (1931) (short subject)
 It Pays to Advertise (1931)
 God's Gift to Women (1931)
 Empty Saddles (1936)
 When You're in Love (1937)
 King of Gamblers (1937) (scenes deleted)
 Overland Stage Raiders (1938)
 Film Firsts: Louise Brooks (1960) (television)
 Lulu in Berlin (1984) (documentary)
 Louise Brooks: Looking for Lulu (1998) (documentary)
 Mysteries and Scandals: Louise Brooks (1999) (television)

Further reading

 Louise Brooks, Fundamentals of Good Ballroom Dancing, United States: self-published, 1940
 Pandora's Box (Lulu), United States: Simon & Schuster, 1971
 Rolland Jaccard (editor), Louise Brooks: Portrait d'une Anti-Star, France: Editions Phebus, 1977
 Louise Brooks, Lulu in Hollywood, United States: Knopf, 1982
 Vincenzo Mollica, Louise Brooks: Una Fiaba Nocturne, Italy: Editori del Grifo, 1984
 Homenagem a Louise Brooks, Portugal: Cinemateca Portuguesa, 1986
 Rolland Jaccard (editor), Louise Brooks: Portrait of an Anti-Star, United States: New York Zoetrope, 1986
 Barry Paris, Louise Brooks, United States: Knopf, 1989
 Omaggio a Louise Brooks e Maya Deren, Italy: Cineteca D. W. Griffith, 1996
 Louise Brooks: L'europeenne, France: Transeuropa, 1999
 Louise Brooks, Lulu in Hollywood: Expanded Edition, United States: University of Minnesota Press, 2000
 Peter Cowie, Louise Brooks: Lulu Forever, United States: Rizzoli, 2006

Quotations 

 There is no Garbo! There is no Dietrich! There is only Louise Brooks! – Henri Langlois,  1955.
 I have a gift for enraging people, but if I ever bore you it will be with a knife. – Louise Brooks, from her autobiography, 'Lulu in Hollywood'.

Other websites 
 Louise Brooks Society
 Louise Brooks, silent star
 
 All Movie Guide
 Louise Brooks Studies 

1906 births
1985 deaths
Actors from Kansas
American autobiographers
American silent movie actors
American stage actors
Cardiovascular disease deaths in the United States
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Order of the Bath

The Most Honourable Order of the Bath is a British order of chivalry. It was founded by George I, on 18 May 1725. The name comes from an old ceremony, first mentioned in 1128. In the ceremony, men participated in a vigil of fasting, prayer, and taking a bath. They did this on the day before they were made a knight. The ceremony was abolished in 1815. 

The Order is made up of the Sovereign (the British Sovereign), the Great Master (Charles, Prince of Wales), and three classes of members: (Highest to lowest)
 
Knight or Dame Grand Cross (GCB)
Knight or Dame Commander (KCB or DCB)
Companion (CB)

Originally founded as a military order of chivalry, the star (or pip) is worn as army officers' rank insignia. The insignia is that of the Order of the Bath. Members of the order now belong to either the Civil or the Military Division. The Order's motto is Tria juncta in uno (Latin for "Three joined in one"). This is a reference to either the union of England, Scotland and Ireland, or to the Holy Trinity. A symbol of the Order that is seen over and over has three crowns in it. Another motto, Ich dien (German for "I serve") is used occasionally, but only by members of the Order who serve in the military.

The Order is the fourth oldest of the British Orders of Chivalry, after The Most Noble Order of the Garter, The Most Ancient and Most Noble Order of the Thistle, and The Most Illustrious Order of St Patrick. The last of those Orders–which relates to Ireland, no longer a part of the United Kingdom–still exists, but is no longer active; no appointments have been made to it since 1934.

History of the British Isles
Guerrilla warfare

A guerrilla is a civilian who attacks a regular army.

Guerrilla warfare is a war tactic in which people () fight against an organized army. Guerrilla warfare is sometimes practiced in places in which a regular army would have difficulty, such as forests and mountains. Usually, the army is invading a territory. In open fields, the organized army, which is better armed and larger, has the advantage. However, in forests and mountains, the guerillas can gain an advantage over larger and better-armed armies. In some wars such as the American Revolutionary War or the Vietnam War, guerilla warfare tactics have been successful and were one of the main reasons (but not the only one) for their victory.

Guerrilla, a word of Spanish origin, and means "little war".  It was first used in 1808, when Spain was invaded by Napoleon, resulting in the Peninsular War with Spanish guerilla forces resisting the French Army.

This war tactic was used on the British by the Native Americans. The natives had an advantage because they used guerrilla warfare against the British Army. During the American Revolutionary War, the Americans used guerilla warfare against the larger and better armed British Army. Guerilla warfare was common in the Border States during the American Civil War and was used also during the Vietnam War by the North Vietnamese against the French, Americans and South Vietnamese.

Related pages 
 Terrorism

War
20 (number)

Twenty is the number that is after nineteen and before twenty-one.

The prime factors of twenty are 2 and 5. (2 * 2 * 5 = 20)

Its factors are: 1, 2, 4, 5, 10, and 20.  As the sum of its factors is more than itself (i.e. 22), it can be referred to as an abundant number.

20 can been used as a number base. Remnants of this system remain in some European languages, for example in the English “score” (20) and the French “quatre-vingts” (80, literally four groups of twenty). The old (pre-decimal) English monetary system had twenty shillings in a pound. The ancient Mayan numerical system – counting on fingers and toes – was a base 20 or "vigesimal" system.

A polyhedron of 20 faces is an icosahedron, one of the five Platonic solids. It is a convex regular polyhedron composed of twenty triangular faces, with five meeting at each of the twelve vertices. It has 30 edges and 12 vertices. Its dual polyhedron is the dodecahedron.

In Japanese tradition, adulthood is established at the age of 20. See seijin not hi (the celebration of adulthood in Japan).

It is the number of milk teeth in an infant’s mouth.

In Roman numerals, 20 is written as XX.

Integers
40 (number)

Forty is the number that is after thirty-nine and before forty-one.

The prime factors of forty are 2 and 5. (2 * 2 * 2 * 5 = 40)

Forty is also the only number in the English language which is spelt in alphabetical order.

The Bible 
In the Judeo-Christian Bible, the number forty has special meaning. The Jews wandered in a desert for forty years, there was a forty-day and forty-night rainstorm, and other instances.

Integers
70 (number)

Seventy is the number that is after sixty-nine and before seventy-one.

The prime factors of seventy are 2, 5, and 7. (2 * 5 * 7 = 70)

Integers
Gas giant

A gas giant is a large planet that has a solid core, but a very thick atmosphere. This means that most of the planet is made up of gas. These planets are very large.

In our outer Solar System, there are four gas giants: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. However, Uranus and Neptune are also called ice giants.

Jupiter and Saturn are similar because they are made up of mostly hydrogen and helium. They both contain massive rocky cores that are bigger than Earth. Neptune and Uranus are similar because they are mainly made up of water and rock (a mixture of one or several minerals).

Gas giants have also been found around other stars than the sun. Most of those giant extrasolar planets are "hot giants" orbiting close to their star.

 
Types of planet
North Vietnam

The Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRVN) (Vietnamese: Việt Nam Dân Chủ Cộng Hòa), also known as North Vietnam, was a country that existed from 1945 until 1976. It took control in northern Vietnam and eventually took over its southern opponent. It lay north of the Vietnamese Demilitarized Zone, and South Vietnam lay to the south of it.

It was proclaimed by President Hồ Chí Minh in Hà Nội on September 2, 1945. The country was supported by China and the Soviet Union during the Vietnam War, eventually defeating South Vietnam 20 years later in the Vietnam War.

References 

1945 establishments in Asia
1976 disestablishments in Asia
20th century in Vietnam
Former countries in Asia
States and territories established in the 1940s
States and territories disestablished in the 20th century
Demo (music)

A demo, in music, is the first version of a song or album.

It can also refer to an album made by the band as a "sample" in hopes of getting a contract with a record label.

Musical terminology

it:Demo#In musica
Breton language

Breton (, in Breton) is a Celtic language spoken in Brittany, in the north-west of France. Breton is closely related to the Cornish language of Cornwall spoken in south-west Great Britain. It is less closely related to Welsh, and the Goidelic languages of Scotland, Ireland and the Isle of Man. The Breton language has about 240,000 speakers,111 but this number is falling very quickly due to the French government's policy of using French. As such, Breton is considered to be an endangered language.

References

Celtic languages
Languages of Europe
Celtic languages

The Celtic languages are a language family inside of Indo-European languages. There are six Celtic languages still spoken in the world today, spoken in north-west Europe. They are divided into two groups,  Goidelic (or Gaelic) and the Brythonic (or British). 

The three Goidelic languages still spoken are Irish, Scottish, and Manx. Scottish is the main language spoken in parts of north-west Scotland and Irish is the main language spoken in the Gaeltacht in Ireland. Manx is spoken mainly by people interested in the language.

The three Brythonic languages are Welsh, Cornish, and Breton. Of these Cornish became extinct in the 18th century but people have started speaking it again now. Welsh is spoken everywhere throughout Wales, but is mainly  first language for people in the western part of Wales, in the area some people call the Bro Gymraeg. Breton is spoken mainly in west Brittany, and is the only Celtic language not mainly spoken on the islands of Great Britain and Ireland. Because Brittany is part of France, the language is in danger of becoming extinct, just like Cornish, and there are ongoing efforts to prevent this from happening.

Scottish Gaelic also has a native community of speakers in Canada where it was once very widely spoken, and there are Welsh speakers in Patagonia, Argentina.

List of Celtic languages

Goidelic languages 
 Scottish Gaelic
 Irish
 Manx

Brythonic languages 
 Welsh
 Breton
 Cornish

Related pages 
 Celtic League
Hunger strike

A hunger strike is a way that people protest by not eating.  Many people have done this to get people's attention, especially the attention of leaders.

Sometimes, hunger strikes are done by people who are in prison. In this case, the hunger strikes are sometimes ended by force feeding, when the prisoners are fed against their will through a feeding tube.

References

Social sciences
Deaths from starvation
Political prisoners
Hermitage Museum

The Hermitage Museum (Эрмитаж) in St. Petersburg, Russia is one of the largest and oldest art galleries and museums of human history and culture in the world. The vast Hermitage collections are displayed in six buildings, founded by Catherine II of Russia in 1764 and opened in public since 1852. The main building is the Winter Palace. This was the official residence of the Russian Tsars.

Collections 
Strong points of the Hermitage collection of Western art include Michelangelo, Giambattista Pittoni, Leonardo da Vinci, Rubens, Van Dyck, Rembrandt, Poussin, Claude Lorraine, Watteau, Tiepolo, Canaletto, Canova, Rodin, Monet, Pissarro, Renoir, Cézanne, Van Gogh, Gauguin, Picasso, and Matisse. There are several more collections. Among the collections are the Russian imperial regalia, an assortment of Faberge jewellery, and the largest existing collection of ancient gold from Eastern Europe and Western Asia.

Cats 
A population of cats lives on the museum grounds. They are named the Hermitage cats. They are an added attraction for tourists.

 

Art museums
Buildings and structures in Saint Petersburg
Education in Russia
1764 establishments
18th-century establishments in Russia