cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Gojra Tehsil

Gojra Tehsil is a part (tehsil) of Toba Tek Singh District in Punjab, Pakistan. It has an area of 1,115 km² and is administratively separated into 24 Union Councils, 6 of which form the tehsil capital Gojra.

References

Tehsils of Punjab (Pakistan)
Guanaco

The guanaco (Lama guanicoe) is camelid animal native to South America. Guanacos are usually found in small herds or loosely structured family groups.

Description 
When a member of the herd picks up the slightest hint of danger, it makes a high-pitched warning call, causing the other guanacos to flee swiftly and nimbly across the steep and uneven terrain.

Diet 
Guanacos generally live at high elevations, grazing on grasses and browsing on leaves and buds.
They can get by without water for long periods of time, obtaining moisture from the plants they eat.

References

Camelids
Mammals of South America
Vicuña

The vicuña (Vicugna vicugna) is one of two wild South American camelids. The vicuña is the smallest of the camelids. It has had an interesting relationship with humans over time.

General characteristics 
The main colour of the soft, wooly coat (hair) is ochre, light cinnamon, or reddish brown. The lower part of the body, the inside of the legs, and the underside of the head are white. On the chest, at the base of the neck, there is a 'mane' of white hairs. They can be 20-30 cm (8-12 inches) in length. The vicuña is very slender (slim). It has long neck and skinny limbs.  The head is small and wedge shaped. The ears are small and triangular. The incisors (front teeth) of the vicuña are always growing. It is the only even toed-ungulate with teeth that always grow. The enamel is on only one side. This is because of the tough grasses which they eat.

Distribution 
The vicuña lives in grasslands at elevations of 3,500-5,800 meters (11,700-19,300 feet) in the Andes mountains of Peru, Bolivia, Argentina, and Chile.

References

Camelids
Mammals of South America
Nocturnes (Debussy)

This article is about the orchestral suite by Claude Debussy. For other musical compositions called "Nocturne", see Nocturne.

Nocturnes is a piece of music for orchestra by the French composer Claude Debussy.  There are three movements.  A female chorus also sings in the last movement.  Debussy finished writing "Nocturnes" on  15 December  1899.

The music
The three movements each have a title.  They are:
 I. Nuages ("Clouds")
 II. Fêtes ("Festivals")
 III. Sirènes ("Sirens")

A large portion of Debussy’s music, including his nocturnes, is inspired by the works of the Impressionist painters.  The word nocturne (from the Latin nocturnus) usually describes a piece that is inspired by the night.  However, Debussy's Nocturnes do not follow this patter; rather, they capture the way light is shown in Impressionist paintings.

'Nuages' is about the clouds in the sky and the way they move slowly in grey colours with a little white.

'Fêtes' is a very lively picture of a group of people having a celebration and dancing.  A procession is heard arriving.  The music of the procession gradually gets louder,  mixes with the music of the dancing, then it gradually dies away as the procession disappears into the distance.

'Sirènes' describes the sea and the many rhythms that can be heard when we listen to it.  The moonlight shines on the sea, and the mysterious song of the Sirens is heard as they laugh.

First performances

The Lamoureux Orchestra conducted by Camille Chevillard gave the first performance of Nuages and Fêtes in Paris in 1900, and they played the first performance of all three movements the next year.  Some of the listeners found it hard to understand at first, but today "Nocturnes"  is one of Debussy’s most popular works.

The music lasts for about 22 minutes.

Compositions by Claude Debussy
Brooklyn Nets

The Brooklyn Nets are a team in the National Basketball Association in the New York City community of Brooklyn. They play their home games in the, Barclays Center.

The team was founded as the New Jersey Americans in 1967, and played in the American Basketball Association (ABA). After one season in that state, they moved to Long Island, becoming the New York Nets. In 1976, the Nets were one of four ABA teams that joined the NBA, and returned to New Jersey a year later, becoming the New Jersey Nets. After their return to New Jersey, they played on the campus of Rutgers University. In 1981, they moved to East Rutherford, closer to New York City. In 2010, they moved to Newark, and played there until their new Brooklyn arena was built. Once they moved to Brooklyn, they became the Brooklyn Nets.

Home arenas
 
Teaneck Armory (1967–1968)
Long Island Arena (1968–1969)
Island Garden (1969–1971)
Nassau Veterans Memorial Coliseum (1971–1977)
Louis Brown Athletic Center|Rutgers Athletic Center (1977–1981)
Izod Center|Brendan T. Byrne Arena/Continental Airlines Arena/Izod Center (1981–2011)
Prudential Center (2010-2012)
Barclays Center (2012–present)

High points

Individual awards

NBA Rookie of the Year
 Buck Williams – 1982
 Derrick Coleman – 1991

NBA Executive of the Year
 Rod Thorn – 2002

All-NBA First Team
 Jason Kidd – 2002, 2004

All-NBA Second Team
 Buck Williams – 1983
 Jason Kidd – 2003

All-NBA Third Team
 Dražen Petrović – 1993
 Derrick Coleman – 1993, 1994
 Stephon Marbury – 2000

NBA All-Defensive First Team
 Jason Kidd – 2002, 2006

NBA All-Defensive Second Team
 Buck Williams – 1988
 Jason Kidd – 2003, 2004, 2005, 2007

NBA All-Rookie Team
 Bernard King – 1978
 Buck Williams – 1982
 Derrick Coleman 1991
 Keith Van Horn – 1998
 Kenyon Martin – 2001
 Brook Lopez – 2009

NBA All-Rookie Team|NBA Rookie Second Team
 Chris Morris – 1989
 Kerry Kittles – 1997
 Richard Jefferson – 2002
 Nenad Krstic – 2004
 Marcus Williams – 2007

References

Other websites

National Basketball Association teams
Brooklyn
Sports in New York City
1967 establishments in New York (state)
Cleveland Cavaliers

The Cleveland Cavaliers are an American professional basketball team in the National Basketball Association in Cleveland, Ohio. They began playing in 1970. They play their home games at Rocket Mortgage FieldHouse, originally known as Gund Arena and later as Quicken Loans Arena. They now have one NBA championship won in 2016 with the help of LeBron James.

History
For years, the team had little success, although with players such as Brad Daugherty and Mark Price, they had some success in the late 1980s and early 1990s. They reached the Eastern Conference Finals in 1992, where they lost to Michael Jordan's Chicago Bulls.

In 2003, the Cavaliers won the NBA Draft lottery, and chose LeBron James with the first pick. James became a star, and the Cavaliers reached the NBA Finals for the first time in 2007. However, they lost to the San Antonio Spurs, 4 games to 0. This was the only time that the Cavaliers reached the NBA Finals until 2015

James's contract ran out in 2010, and James decided not to sign another contract with the Cavaliers. Instead, he would play for the Miami Heat where he lead the team to four straight Finals, winning two of them. The Cavaliers were immediately a worse team. At one point during the 2010-2011 season, they lost 26 games in a row. This set a new NBA record for the most games lost in a row.

After the 2013–14 season, James' contract with the Heat ended, and he decided to return to the Cavaliers. The team, which in the meantime had added rising star Kyrie Irving and would soon add another star in Kevin Love, once again became NBA title contenders. Despite Irving and Love being out with injuries, LeBron lead the Cavaliers to a 2-1 lead, but lost the 2015 NBA Finals to the Golden State Warriors in six games, and won a rematch against the Warriors in the 2016 Finals after coming down 3-1 being the first team in the NBA Finals to do so. The championship was the first ever for the Cavaliers, and the first for any major sports team in Cleveland in over 50 years. However, the Cavaliers lost to the Warriors in 2017 and 2018 Finals. James once again left the Cavaliers and joined the Los Angeles Lakers where he won his fourth championship in his second season with the team.

References

Other websites

National Basketball Association teams
Sports in Cleveland, Ohio
1970 establishments in the United States
1970s establishments in Ohio
Indiana Pacers

The Indiana Pacers are a team in the National Basketball Association in Indianapolis, Indiana. They began playing in the American Basketball Association from 1967 to 1976. The Pacers joined the NBA in 1976. They play their home games at Gainbridge Fieldhouse.

References

Other websites

National Basketball Association teams
Indianapolis, Indiana
1967 establishments in the United States
Fan

Fans are a device used for cooling themselves down when they feel hot, especially:
 A machine using an electric motor to rotate vanes in order to move air for cooling.
 A tool whose shape is usually long triangle or semicircle is made of feathers, leaves, paper, cloth, etc. people usually wave it lightly in a hand to create a cooling current of air.

Types of fans
Table Fans: small size, appropriate for personal space, cheap price, economical cooling
Pedestal Fans: height can be changed, provide powerful air
Window Fans: save space, bring in fresh air
Wall Mount Fans: save space, offer more air, suit for industrial environment 
Floor Fans: offer more air, save space, suit for offices and warehouses
Tower Fans: small space, vertical shape, quiet
Ceiling Fans: on the ceiling, have a lot of styles to match room's decoration
Box Fans: flexible, suit for various need of rooms
Misting Fans: suit for outside areas
Industrial Fans and Blowers: made of durable metal or steel
Decorative Fans: has a lot of different styles
Bathroom Exhaust Fans: used in bathroom, prevent from excess moisture
Bladeless fans have no visible blades. They are not actually bladeless, the blades are hidden in the base of the fan.

Origin of fans
The fans making history are at least 3000 years, and the earliest fans can date from 3000 BC according to the record. Fans originated in China. The first European folding fans were brought into Europe by businessman and religious orders from China, and they are considered as a status symbol in Europe then.

References

Machines
Washington Wizards

The Washington Wizards are a team in the National Basketball Association (NBA) in Washington, D.C. at the Verizon Center. They were known as the Washington Bullets from 1974–1997 and were formed as the Chicago Packers in 1961. Michael Jordan came out of his second retirement to play with the Washington Wizards from 2001–02 and was the Wizards' president of basketball operations from 2001 - 2003 until he was fired by Wizards' majority owner Abe Pollin.

History
The team won an NBA Championship in 1978 over the Seattle SuperSonics. Wes Unseld was the Most Valuable Player of the NBA Finals.

References

Other websites

National Basketball Association teams
Orlando Magic

The Orlando Magic are an American professional basketball team in the National Basketball Association in Orlando, Florida. They began playing in 1989. They play their home games at the Amway Center. They are the only team in the "big four" sports leagues to be based in Orlando. Steve Clifford is the current owner of the team.

References

Other websites

National Basketball Association teams
Sports in Orlando, Florida
Richard DeVos
1989 establishments in the United States
1980s establishments in Florida
Charlotte Hornets (NBA)

The Charlotte Hornets are an American professional basketball team in the National Basketball Association (NBA) in Charlotte, North Carolina. They play their home games at the Spectrum Center. Most of the team is owned by Michael Jordan, who was a star player for the Chicago Bulls in the 1980s and 1990s. The team started playing in 2004 as the Charlotte Bobcats, and was the second NBA team to play in Charlotte (the New Orleans Pelicans had played in Charlotte as the Hornets from 1988 to 2002). In 2010, the Bobcats made the playoffs for the first time.

After the New Orleans Hornets renamed themselves the Pelicans in 2013, they gave the "Hornets" name back to the NBA. The Bobcats soon announced they would rename themselves the Hornets beginning with the 2014–15 NBA season, and the name change became official on May 20, 2014.

At the time of the change to "Hornets", the team also said that it had reached a deal with the NBA and the Pelicans to split the Pelicans' history and records between the two teams:
Records from the first Charlotte Hornets while in that city (1988 to 2002) belong to the current Hornets.
Records from the first Hornets' move to New Orleans in 2002 until that team's name change to Pelicans in 2013 belong to the Pelicans.

References

Other websites

National Basketball Association teams
Sports in Charlotte, North Carolina
2004 establishments in North Carolina
Denver Nuggets

The Denver Nuggets are a team in the National Basketball Association in Denver, Colorado. They play their home games at Ball Arena, formerly known as Pepsi Center. Carmelo Anthony, Allen Iverson, and Nenê also used to play for them. Current stars include Nikola Jokić and Jamal Murray.

References

Other websites

National Basketball Association teams
Sports in Denver, Colorado
Memphis Grizzlies

The Memphis Grizzlies are a team in the National Basketball Association. They play their home games at the FedExForum in Memphis, Tennessee.

In 1995, the team began playing in the NBA. The team was then in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, and was called the Vancouver Grizzlies. In 2001, the Grizzlies moved to Memphis because the previous owner Orca Bay Sports and Entertainment started losing money on the franchise due to low attendance and a weak Canadian dollar.

References

Other websites 
 

National Basketball Association teams
Memphis, Tennessee
2001 establishments in the United States
2000s establishments in Tennessee
Los Angeles Clippers

The Los Angeles Clippers are a team in the National Basketball Association (NBA). They play their home games in the Crypto.com Arena in Los Angeles, California. The Los Angeles Lakers also play their home games in the Staples Center.

References

Other websites

National Basketball Association teams
Sports in Los Angeles
1970 establishments in the United States
1970s establishments in California
Texas A&M University–Corpus Christi

Texas A&M University–Corpus Christi is a public university in Corpus Christi, Texas, United States.  It has about 7,000 students enrolled and it was founded in 1947.

References

Other websites
Texas A&M University–Corpus Christi

Colleges and universities in Texas
Corpus Christi, Texas
1947 establishments in the United States
20th-century establishments in Texas
Freedom of the press

Freedom of the press is a promise by a government not to punish journalists (and other people who report the news) for doing their job. It is an idea like freedom of speech: it lets people express their opinions or beliefs. Many countries have laws or constitutional amendments protecting freedom of the press. The word "press" in the phrase comes from the printing press.

Restrictions 
Like with freedom of speech, freedom of the press does not protect everything that a journalist writes. A journalist can be sued for libel, which is publishing false and damaging claims about a person. Publishing copyrighted material is not legal in many countries. Writing about state secrets, like military plans, weapon designs, or other classified information is almost always illegal.

Journalism
Freedom
Olympic Flame

The Olympic Flame or Olympic Torch is a symbol of the Olympic Games. A committee plans the route that it goes through, which ends at the city where the event is being hosted. Sometimes people use the torch route to make a point.  During the 2008 Olympic torch relay to Beijing, people talked about and held signs that were against China's human rights record and signs that said Tibet was not a part of China.

References

Other websites 
 IOC brochure on the history of Olympic Flame (1 MB PDF) 
 Olympic torch technology

Olympic Games
Freedom of assembly

Freedom of assembly and freedom of association, is the right  to join together with others peacefully to reach common goals and express common opinions, both in public and in private. This usually includes business groups (or corporation), civic organizations, labor unions, political parties, and protest groups.

Restrictions
Freedom of assemble does not mean that any group can come together for any purpose. Some governments prohibit militias, or groups of people outside the military that gather weapons and train soldiers, from demonstrating in public with their weapons to cause violence and a disturbance.

Protection
Many developed nations protect the freedom of assembly. Many have passed laws or constitutional amendments ensuring that people will be able to freely assemble. These include:
 Canada - Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms which is Part I of the Constitution of Canada
 France - article 431-1 of the Nouveau Code Pénal
 Hong Kong - Basic Law Section 27
 Article 27 of the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran 
 Republic of Ireland - Guaranteed by Article 40.6.1 of the Constitution of Ireland
 Turkey - article 33 and 34 of the Constitution of Turkey guarantee the freedom of association and assembly.
 United States - First Amendment to the Constitution of the United States
 United Nations - Universal Declaration of Human Rights Article 20 and International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights Article 21.

References

Freedom
First Amendment to the United States Constitution

The First Amendment to the United States Constitution is a part of the United States Bill of Rights that protects freedom of speech, freedom of religion, freedom of assembly, freedom of the press, and right to petition.   

The Establishment Clause does not allow the government to support one religion more than any other religion. The government also can not say that a religion or a god is true.  This is often described as "separation of church and state", where "state" means "The Government". It also does not allow the government to establish a national religion. It allows people to debate religion freely without the federal government of the United States getting involved.  The clause did not stop the various states from supporting a particular religion, and several states did.

Related pages 
Constitutional amendment
Bill of Rights

Freedom
United States Bill of Rights
01
Parliamentary procedure

Parliamentary procedure is a commonly accepted way in which a group of people work together to discuss and make decisions.  It is a set of rules for meetings.

History
The term gets its name from its use in the Parliamentary system of government.

In the 16th century, there were rules of order in the early British Parliaments.  In the 1560s, Sir Thomas Smith published a book about the procedures in the House of Commons in 1583.<ref name="britannica">[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/444328/parliamentary-procedure "Parliamentary procedure" at Encyclopedia Britannica]; retrieved 2013-1-11.</ref>  Early rules included
 One subject should be discussed at a time (adopted 1581)
 Personal attacks are to be avoided in debate (1604)
 Debate must be limited to the merits of the question (1610)
 Division of a question when some seem to be for one part but not the other (1640)

Westminster procedures
The Westminster parliamentary procedures are followed in several Commonwealth countries, including the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, India, and South Africa.  In Canada, for example, Parliament uses [House of Commons Procedure and Practice as its primary procedural authority.

American procedures 
The rules of the United States Congress were developed from the parliamentary procedures used in Britain. Variations of the American parliamentary procedures are followed in many nations, including Indonesia, the Phillipines, Mexico and South Korea.

Other
In contrast, the procedures of the Diet of Japan have moved away from the British parliamentary model.  After the end of World War II, there were efforts to bring Japanese parliamentary procedures more in line with American congressional practices. In Japan, informal negotiations are more important than formal procedures.

Robert's Rules
In the US, the most widely used set of rules is Robert's Rules of Order''.

Related pages
 Filibuster

References

Other websites
  "Parliamentary Procedure" (UK)
"Parliamentary Procedure" (Canada)
  "Powers, practice and procedure" (Australia)
 Mason's Manual at National Conference of State Legislatures (NCSL)
National Association of Parliamentarians (NAP)

Politics
Law
Systems
Militia

A militia is a group of people not in the military who do many things that the military does.  This includes collecting weapons, training soldiers, defending people or land, policing an area.  Militias are often made up of veterans who were once in the military.  

Some militias are organized by a government, like the United States National Guard.  This is a group of state militias who help with wars, natural disasters and other emergencies.  Others are not connected to a government, and may even be illegal. One common definition of a militia includes all men who are able to serve as soldiers.

At the beginning in the late 20th century, some militias acted as professional forces, while still being "part-time" or "on-call" organizations. 

Military
Wine (software)

Wine is a piece of software which lets Unix-like computer operating systems on the x86 and x86-64 architectures to execute programs written for Microsoft Windows. Wine runs Windows programs without using emulation. Wine also provides a software library known as Winelib which developers can compile Windows applications against to help port them to Unix-like systems. Some Wine code is used in ReactOS, a free operating system that is Windows-compatible and is not based on Unix.

The Wine developers released version 1.0 of Wine, after 15 years of development, on June 17 2008. 
Wine is free software, released under terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL).

References

Other websites
 
 Wine newsgroup (Google web interface)
 Jeremy White's Wine Answers - Slashdot interview with Jeremy White of CodeWeavers
 Jeremy White interview on the "Mad Penguin" web-site
 Appointment of the Software Freedom Law Center as legal counsel to represent the Wine project
 Wine  on Freshmeat
 Wine: Where it came from, how to use it, where it's going a work by Dan Kegel

Free software
1993
Carbon-12

Carbon-12 (also written 12C) is an isotope of carbon. It is the most common isotope of carbon, as 98.89% of all carbon is this type of carbon. It is one of two stable (non-radioactive) isotopes of carbon. The other is carbon-13.

Carbon-12 is important in chemistry as it is the benchmark from which all other relative atomic masses are worked out. Its relative atomic mass is exactly 12.

Related pages 
 Avogadro constant

Isotopes
Carbon
Art rock

Art rock (also sometimes called progressive rock or classical rock) is a sub-genre of rock music that has "experimental influences". It tries to make rock music into art instead of just entertainment. It often uses longer songs than other genres of rock. It uses different techniques such as elements (parts) of classical music. It is not usually music to dance to, but music to just listen to. It started in the 1960s. Phil Spector (an American music producer) and Brian Wilson (the leader of The Beach Boys) are two early examples of musicians making art rock. The genre was popular with British bands at the end of the 1960s and the beginning of the 1970s.

Relationship with progressive rock
Art rock is often the same as progressive rock, especially for bands in the 1970s. Allmusic says that progressive rock and art rock are almost the same; both describe rock music that is more artistic. The term "Progressive rock" became more popular to talk of the genre of rock music. Art rock is often to describe bands that are harder to define.

Princeton University's Wordnet dictionary says that "progressive rock, art rock" are "a style of rock music that [came out] in the 1970s; associated with attempts to [mix] rock with jazz and other forms." It also says that it is meant "for listening and not dancing".

Examples of art rock bands
Examples include Queen, King Crimson, The Who, Led Zeppelin, Pink Floyd, David Bowie, The Velvet Underground, The Beatles, Genesis, 10cc and Yes.

References

Rock music
MIT License

The MIT License is a free software license that was created at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). It is a permissive license, meaning that it allows programmers to put the code in proprietary software on the condition that the license is given with that software, and GPL-compatible, meaning that the GPL permits programmers to combine and redistribute it with software that uses the MIT License.

According to the Free Software Foundation, the MIT License is more accurately called the X11 license, since MIT has used many licenses for software and the license was first written for the X Window System.

Software that use the MIT License include Expat, PuTTY, Mono development platform class libraries, Ruby on Rails, Cakephp, Twisted, Lua 5.0 onwards and the X Window System, which the license was written for.

Some software are dual licensed under the MIT License, such as older versions of the cURL library, which allowed recipients to choose either the Mozilla Public License or the MIT License.

License 
This is the license:

Copyright (c) <year> <copyright holders>

Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:

The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
all copies or substantial portions of the Software.

THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
THE SOFTWARE.

Related pages
 List of software licenses

References

Other websites 
 The MIT License template
 The X Window System Trap by Richard Stallman

Software licences
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Blender (magazine)

Blender is an American music magazine that self-identifies as "the ultimate guide to music and more." It is also known for sometimes having pictures of female celebrities that shows them with a lot of their body uncovered. It puts together lists of albums, artists, and songs, including both "best of" lists and "worst of" lists. In each issue, there is a review of an artist's entire discography, with a review of each album. The magazine teamed up with VH1 to create the "50 Most Awesomely Bad Songs".

Blender is published by Dennis Publishing. The magazine was started in 1994 as the first digital CD-ROM magazine by Jason Pearson, David Cherry & Regina Joseph, acquired by Felix Dennis/Dennis Publishing, UK. It published 15 digital CD issues, and launched on the web in 1997. It started publishing a print edition again in 1999 in the same form that it does today. Blender CD-ROM showcased the earliest digital editorial (paper) formats, as well as the first forms of digital advertising. The first digital advertisers included: Calvin Klein, Apple Computer, Toyota and Nike.

References

Other websites 
 Official Blender website

Music magazines
American magazines
Discography

Discography is the study and listing of sound recordings. The word comes from the word "disc", which is the most commonly used term for describing the format used most for sound recordings in the 20th century, and the -graph suffix meaning something written.

A listing of all recordings of a musician or singer is usually called their "discography". Discographies may also be created based on a particular musical genre or record label, for example, so that all artists in a genre, or that have contracts with a certain label, are listed together.

The term "discography" became popular in the 1930s by collectors of jazz records. Jazz fans did research and self-published discographies about when jazz records were made and what musicians were on the records, as record companies did not commonly include that information on/with the records at that time.

Related pages
Audio engineering

References

Other websites 
"Magnificent Obsession: The Discographers" article by Jerry Atkins
Euoplocephalus

Euplocephalus (meaning "well-armored head") was a large armored dinosaur, measuring about 20 feet (6 m) long; it weighed about 2 tons. Its wide head had a horny, toothless beak, small, peg-like cheek teeth, bony horns, and a small brain. Among its contemporaries were the large meat-eating Tyrannosaurus and Deinonychus.

Fossils from more than 40 individuals have been discovered in Alberta, Canada and Montana in the United States, making Euoplocephalus the best known ankylosaurid. This includes 15 skulls, teeth, and a few almost-complete skeletons, found with the armor still attached. Individual armor plates are the most commonly found element from them.

References 

Ankylosauria
Progressive metal

Progressive metal (often called prog metal) is a sub-genre of heavy metal music that mixes the powerful, guitar-driven sound of metal with the complexity of progressive rock, which includes odd time signatures and complicated instrumental playing. Some progressive metal bands are also influenced by jazz fusion and classical music. Like progressive rock songs, progressive metal songs are usually much longer than other metal songs, and they are often themed in concept albums. As a result, progressive metal is rarely heard on mainstream radio and video programs.

History 
The origins of progressive metal started with progressive rock bands from the late 1960s and early to mid-1970s such as Yes, Pink Floyd, Jethro Tull, King Crimson, Genesis, Kansas and Rush. However, progressive metal did not evolve into a genre of its own until the mid-1980s. Bands such as Queensrÿche, Fates Warning and Dream Theater took certain aspects of progressive rock music and mixed them with heavy metal styles.

Related pages
 Progressive rock
 Heavy metal

References 

Heavy metal subgenres
Mamenchisaurus

Mamenchisaurus was a long-necked, plant-eating sauropod dinosaur. It had one of the longest necks of any known dinosaur. Mamenchisaurus was first discovered in 1952 on the construction site of the Yitang Highway in Sichuan Province of China. There are a number of species.

Its neck was about 46 feet (14 m). It had 19 vertebrae in its neck, more than any other known dinosaur. Mamenchisaurus was about 70 to 80 feet (21 to 25 m) long and weighed roughly 12 tons (11 tonnes). 

Its hind legs were longer than the front legs; these hind legs were similar to the legs of Diplodocus. Its skull however, was box-shaped, unlike Diplodocus' elongated snout.

References 

Sauropods
Così fan tutte

Così fan tutte, ossia La scuola degli amanti (Women are like that, or The school for lovers) is an opera buffa with music by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and an Italina libretto by Lorenzo Da Ponte. Così premiered at the Burgtheater in Vienna on 26 January 1790. 

Legend says the opera was based on a real-life incident that occurred in Vienna. In the 19th century, the opera was considered somewhat naughty, and was rarely performed. Modern critics however believe that the music is some of Mozart's finest, and the opera is now frequently performed around the world.

Cast
 Fiordiligi (soprano), Dorabella's sister and Guglielmo's lover
 Dorabella (soprano), Fiordiligi's sister and Ferrando's lover
 Despina (soprano), maid to Fiordiligi and Dorabella
 Ferrando (tenor), a soldier and Dorabella's lover
 Guglielmo (bass), a soldier and Fiordiligi's lover
 Don Alfonso (bass), a cynical bachelor

Story
The opera is set in Naples in the 18th century. Don Alfonso wagers two young soldiers that their sweethearts will prove unfaithful if given the chance. The men accept the bet. They tell their sweethearts that they have been called to the front and leave Naples.

They return however as turban-clad, moustache-wearing "Albanians" to woo each other's sweetheart. With the conniving of Despina, the two sisters consent to marry the foreigners. At the last moment, the men remove their disguises, and rebuke their faithless sweethearts.
 

Compositions by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
1790s operas
1790
Revolver (magazine)

Revolver is a monthly hard rock and heavy metal magazine published by Future US. It started as a magazine that was about more popular styles of music, but then changed to what it is now. The magazine is put together a lot like Spin, and also writes about the heavy metal and punk subcultures.  It has cover stories (usually centering on a band's new album, song, or upcoming tour), album reviews, instrument reviews, and a section for readers to get advice from a celebrity.

Another notable feature of the magazine is its coverage of underground and up-and-coming bands from all over the world.  Instead of focusing only on the most popular bands, Revolver introduces a lot that are not played on the radio or on MTV.

Its slogan is: "The World's Loudest Rock Magazine!"

References

Other websites 
 Official website

Music magazines
University of York

The University of York is a research-intensive university in the city of York, England. York University began in 1963, and has more than 30 departments and centres, covering many subjects.

Despite its relatively young age, the university has a big reputation. York has been named the 8th best "young university" in the world, and first in the UK, building a "reputation to rival Oxford and Cambridge".

The university is among the top 10 in the country, top 20 universities in Europe, and ranked 96th in the world, according to the 2011 QS World University Rankings. This places York in the top 1% of all higher education institutions across the globe.

In the last Research Assessment Exercise in 2008, York was also named as the 8th best research institution in the United Kingdom. The university was named Sunday Times university of the year in 2003 and Times Higher Education university of the year in 2010. In 2012, The University of York was invited to join the Russell Group in recognition of the institution's world-leading research and outstanding teaching.

References

Other websites

University of York – official website
University of York Students' Union ("YUSU")
University of York LGBT Website 

York
York
Magazine circulation

A magazine's circulation is the number of copies it usually distributes for each issue. It is one of the main factors used to determine how much money they will charge businesses to advertise in the magazine. Circulation is not always the same as copies sold, which is usually called paid circulation, because many magazines are distributed to readers without making them pay anything. This is more true for magazines dealing with business and professional topics. When determining readership figures, which is how many people read an issue, the number is usually considered to be higher than the circulation figures because of the assumption that most copies of the magazine are read by more than one person. In many countries, circulation figures are checked by companies that do not work for the magazine, such as the Audit Bureau of Circulations, to make sure that the numbers a publisher gives to advertisers is accurate.

References

Magazines
Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa

Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa von Nettesheim (14 September 1486 – 18 February 1535) was a German occult writer, astrologer, and alchemist.

His life 
Agrippa was born in Cologne in 1486. In 1512, he taught at the University of Dole in France.

In 1510, he studied briefly with Johannes Trithemius.

During this part of his life in Germany, France and Italy, he worked as a theologian, physician, legal expert and soldier.

He was for some time in the service of Maximilian I.

According to his student Johann Weyer, in the book De praestigiis daemonum, Agrippa died in Grenoble, in 1535.

Partial works 
 De occulta philosophia libri tres. Ed. Vittoria Perrone Compagni. Leiden and Boston: Brill, 1992: .
 Three Books Of Occult Philosophy. Trans. J. F. Edited by Donald Tyson. St. Paul, MN: Llewellyn, 1993: .
 Declamation on the Nobility and Preeminence of the Female Sex. Trans. Albert Rabil, Jr. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1996: 

1486 births
1535 deaths
Astrologers
German esotericists
Occultists
People from Cologne
Writers from North Rhine-Westphalia
Paracelsus

Paracelsus (11 November or 17 December 1493 in Einsiedeln, Switzerland – 24 September 1541 in Salzburg, Austria) was a Swiss-Austrian alchemist, physician, astrologer, and general occultist. The name "Paracelsus" was a nickname: it means "equal to or greater than Celsus", and refers to his medical skill. He was born Phillip von Hohenheim.

He gained his doctorate degree from the University of Ferrara in 1515 or 1516.

He gave zinc its name (in Latin as "zincum"). He also named the cyanobacterium Nostoc, which is a long-chain colonial bacterium. The adjective "bombastic" comes from his family name. It refers to his arrogance.

Paracelsus was responsible for the creation of laudanum, an alcoholic herbal opium preparation. It was in common use up to the 19th century. Like most of the alchemists, he was a notable botanist. He wrote various books, but especially his major work (title translated as: On the miners' sickness and other diseases of miners). This listed the occupational hazards of metalworking, including treatment and prevention strategies. He also wrote a book on the human body which contradicted Galen's ideas. He disagreed with Galen's idea of four humours, and instead believed that disease could come from an external source.

Works

During his lifetime 
 Die große Wundarzney, 1536.
Vom Holz Guaico, 1529.
Vonn dem Bad Pfeffers in Oberschwytz gelegen, 1535.Prognostications, 1536.

 Selected translations The Hermetic and Alchemical writings of Paracelsus. (translated by Arthur Edward Waite) 2 vols, London, 1894. (in Google books), see also a revised 2002 edition (preview only) Partial contents: Coelum philosophorum; The book concerning the tincture of the philosophers; The treasure of treasures for alchemists; The aurora of the philosophers; alchemical catechism.The Archidoxes of Magic'' by Theophrastus Paracelsus, translated by Robert Turner. Facsimile reprint of the 1656 edition with introduction by Stephen Skinner, Ibis Publishing, 2004.

References 

1493 births
1541 deaths
Astrologers
Austrian physicians
Botanists
Occultists
Swiss chemists
Austrian biologists
Swiss biologists
Morris

Maurice de Bevere (December 1, 1923 - July 16, 2001), better known as Morris, was a Belgian cartoonist and the creator of Lucky Luke.

Biography 

He was born in Kortrijk, Belgium and started drawing in the Compagnie Belge d'Actualités (CBA) animations studios, a small and short-lived animation studio in Belgium where he met Peyo and André Franquin. 
After a war, the company went bankrupt and Morris worked as an illustrator for Het Laatste Nieuws, a Flemish newspaper, and Le Moustique, a weekly magazine published by Dupuis, for which he made some 250 covers and numerous other illustrations, mainly caricatures of movie stars.

He died in 2001 by an accidental fall.

Awards 
1972: Grand Prix Saint-Michel, Brussels, Belgium
1992: Angoulême International Comics Festival, 20th anniversary Grand Prix de la ville d'Angoulême

References

Other sources 
<div class="references-small">
 Morris publications in Spirou and Pilote BDoubliées 
 Morris albums Bedetheque 

1923 births
2001 deaths
Palos Verdes blue

The Palos Verdes blue butterfly is a small endangered butterfly that can be seen near the Palos Verdes Peninsula in southwest Los Angeles County, California. So far, it can only be seen here and might be one of the rarest butterflies in the world.

Description 
This butterfly has a wingspan of only 25–30 mm.  The male has a bright silvery-blue dorsal wing outlined in a narrow line of black, while the female’s dorsal wing is a more brownish-gray color.  Both males and females have gray ventral wings with dark spots surrounded by white rings.

Conservation 
G. lygdamus palosverdesensis was listed as an endangered species by the Fish and Wildlife Service  on July 2, 1980. Insects are not currently protected by California law.

The main threat to the Palos Verdes blue has been the destruction of their living space by weeds, which has negative effects on the larval foodplants needed.

References

Endangered species
Lycaenidae
Wingspan

The wingspan of an airplane or a bird is the distance from the tip of one wing to the tip of the other. The wingspan of an aircraft is always measured in a straight line, from wingtip to wingtip, independently of wing shape or sweep.

To measure the wingspan of a bird, a live or freshly dead specimen is placed flat on its back, the wings are grasped at the wrist joints and ankles, and then the distance is measured between the tips of the longest primary feathers on each wing.

Aviation
Birds
Talent agent

A talent agent, or booking agent, is a person who finds jobs for actors, musicians, models, and other people in different entertainment businesses. Agents make their money by taking a percentage of the money that their client is paid.

Entertainment occupations
Félix Houphouët-Boigny

Félix Houphouët-Boigny (; 18 October 1905 – 7 December 1993) was the first President of Côte d'Ivoire. He was president until he died in 1993.

References 

1905 births
1993 deaths
Deaths from prostate cancer
Prime Ministers of Ivory Coast
Presidents of Ivory Coast
Roman Catholics
Carpals

Carpals are bones found in the hand. They are also called wrist bones as they are in the wrist. There are eight carpals in each hand.  Any easy way to remember the eight bones in order is "Some Lovers Try Positions That They Can't Handle." for Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetrum, Pisiform, Trapezium, Trapezoid, Capitate, Hamate.

Individual Carpals 
The eight carpals are:
 Pisiform 
 Triquetrum (also called Triangular)
 Hamate
 Capitate 
 Scaphoid 
 Trapezium
 Trapezoid
 Lunate 

Bones
Orient Express

The Orient Express is the name for a passenger train (and its route). Originally it ran from Paris to Istanbul. The final service was an overnight train between Strasbourg and Vienna (it joined with the sleeper from Amsterdam in Karlsruhe). The service ended in 2009.

Rail transport in Europe
Sleeping car

The sleeping car or sleeper is a part of a train with beds built in, mostly for making nighttime travel more restful.

Other websites 
 A. Philip Randolph / Sleeping Car Porters 
 The Abraham Lincoln 1910 Heavyweight Pullman Business Car — photographs and short history.

Trains
List of police forces in the United Kingdom

This is a list of the Police forces in the United Kingdom.

Countries 

Police Officer numbers in England and Wales are at their highest ever levels.

England 

* Note: Staffordshire, West Mercia and West Midlands participate in a partnership called the Central Motorway Police Group

In September 2006 police numbers in England were:
 Police officers: 133,775
 Police Community Support Officers: 8,133
 Other staff: 70,818

Wales 

In September 2006 police numbers in Wales were:
 Police officers: 7,579
 Police Community Support Officers: 384
 Other staff: 3,767

Scotland 

Most areas of Policing in Scotland are done by the Scottish Government and Scottish Parliament, but some rights remain with the Scottish Office in the UK Government. These areas include national security, terrorism, firearms and drugs.

As of 1 April 2013, Policing in Scotland is the responsibility of the Police Service of Scotland.

In June 2004, police numbers in Scotland were 15,714. By the end of June 2012, police numbers had risen to 17,373. This shows a 10.56% increase in police numbers over this 8 year period.

Northern Ireland 

The Royal Ulster Constabulary was formed in 1922 to police the new Northern Ireland. It was renamed in 2001 following the Good Friday Agreement of 1998 undertaken by the Patten Commission.

In Northern Ireland, police powers have not been transferred to the Northern Ireland Executive as they have been in Scotland, instead they remain with the Northern Ireland Office in the UK Government.

Police Service of Northern Ireland

In April 2007 police numbers in Northern Ireland were:
Police officers: 7,244
Part time police officers: 888
Other staff: 2,701

The Police Service of Northern Ireland does not employ Police Community Support Officers.

References

Further reading
 Helen Gough, Police and Constabulary Almanac (Police & Constabulary Almanac), Shaw & Sons (21 Feb 2007), 500 pages,

Other websites
 Association of Chief Police Officers of England, Wales & N.Ireland 
 Association of Chief Police Officers in Scotland
 Police Federation of England & Wales
 Scottish Police Federation
 Scottish Police Forces Website 
 The UK Police Service - Forces 

United Kingdom-related lists
Robert Christgau

Robert Christgau (born April 18, 1942) is an American music journalist. He has called himself the "Dean of American Rock Critics".

References

Other websites 

 Official website

American journalists
Writers from New York City
1942 births
Living people
Texas A&M University–Kingsville

Texas A&M University–Kingsville is a public university in Kingsville, Texas, United States.  It has about 6,500 students enrolled and it was founded in 1925.  It has ties to Texas A&M University.

References

Other websites
Texas A&M University–Kingsville

Colleges and universities in Texas
1925 establishments in the United States
1920s establishments in Texas
1932–33 NHL season

The 1932–33 NHL season was the 16th season of the National Hockey League. Nine teams each played 48 games. The New York Rangers beat the Toronto Maple Leafs three games to one for the Stanley Cup.

Regular season

Final standings
Note: GP = Games played, W = Wins, L = Losses, T = Ties, Pts = Points, GF = Goals for, GA = Goals against, PIM = Penalties in minutes

Note: Teams that qualified for the playoffs are highlighted in bold

Leading scorers
Note: GP = Games played, G = Goals, A = Assists, PTS = Points, PIM = Penalties in minutes

Stanley Cup playoffs

Playoff bracket

NHL awards

All-Star teams

First games
The following is a list of players of note who played their first NHL game in 1932–33 (listed with their first team, stars(*) mark start in playoffs):
Art Wiebe, Chicago Black Hawks
Eddie Wiseman, Detroit Red Wings
Charlie Sands, Toronto Maple Leafs
Buzz Boll*, Toronto Maple Leafs
Bill Thoms, Toronto Maple Leafs

Last games
The following is a list of players of note that played their last game in the NHL in 1932–33 (listed with their last team):
George Owen, Boston Bruins
Billy Burch, Chicago Black Hawks
Reg Noble, Montreal Maroons
Hib Milks, Ottawa Senators
Norman Gainor, Ottawa Senators
Harold Darragh, Toronto Maple Leafs

References

Hockeydb.com 1932–33 season
NHL.com

1932 in North America
1933