cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
GreenLeft

GreenLeft, Dutch: GroenLinks (shortened GL), is a Dutch political party.

GreenLeft is a leftist party that supports environmental protection.

It was established in 1989 as a merger of the Communist Party of the Netherlands (CPN), Evangelical People's Party (EVP), Political Party of Radicals (PPR) and Pacifist Socialist Party (PSP).

Political leader is Jesse Klaver (former leaders Jolande Sap and Femke Halsema).

Number of seats in the 2021 elections: 8 (-6).

Other websites 
 Website of GreenLeft 

Political parties in the Netherlands
1980s establishments in the Netherlands
1989 establishments in Europe
Labour Party (Netherlands)

The Labour Party, Dutch: Partij van de Arbeid (shortened PvdA), is a Dutch political party.

The Labour Party is a social democratic party.

It was established in 1946 from a merger of the Social Democratic Workers' Party (SDAP), the Free-thinking Democratic League (VDB), and the Christian Democratic Union (CDU).

Political leader is Lilianne Ploumen (former leaders Lodewijk Asscher, Diederik Samsom, and Job Cohen).

Number of seats in the 2021 elections: 9 (0).

Other websites 
 Website of the Labour Party

Social democratic parties in Europe
Political parties in the Netherlands
1946 establishments in the Netherlands
Party for the Animals

The Party for the Animals, Dutch: Partij voor de Dieren (shortened PvdD), is a Dutch political party.

The Party for the Animals was established in 2002 and supports animal rights and fights global warming.

Political leader is Esther Ouwehand (former leader Marianne Thieme).

Number of seats in the 2021 elections: 6 (+1).

Other websites 
 Website of the Party for the Animals

Political parties in the Netherlands
2002 establishments in the Netherlands
Reformed Political Party

The Reformed Political Party, Dutch: Staatkundig Gereformeerde Partij (shortened SGP), is a Dutch political party.

The Reformed Political Party is an orthodox Calvinist party.
They are a very conservative party.

It was established in 1918.

Political leader is Kees van der Staaij (former leader Bas van der Vlies).

Number of seats in the 2021 elections: 3 (0).

Other websites 
 Website of the Reformed Political Party

Calvinism
Political parties in the Netherlands
Protestantism in the Netherlands
1910s establishments in the Netherlands
1918 establishments in Europe
Socialist Party (Netherlands)

The Socialist Party, Dutch: Socialistische Partij (shortened SP), is a Dutch political party.

The Socialist Party was established in 1972 (its forerunner in 1971) and is a socialist party. They are supportive of left-wing views.

Political leader is Lilian Marijnissen (former leader Emile Roemer).

Number of seats in the 2021 elections: 9 (-5).

Other websites 
 Website of the Socialist Party

Political parties in the Netherlands
1970s establishments in the Netherlands
1972 establishments in Europe
People's Party for Freedom and Democracy

The People's Party for Freedom and Democracy, Dutch: Volkspartij voor Vrijheid en Democratie (shortened VVD), is a Dutch political party.

The People's Party for Freedom and Democracy is a conservative liberal party. They are the largest party in the country.

It was established in 1948 from a merger of the Freedom Party (PvdV) and the Oud Committee.

Political leader is Mark Rutte (also Prime Minister since 2010; former leader Gerrit Zalm).

Number of seats in the 2021 elections: 34 (-1).

Other websites 
 Website of the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy

Liberal parties
Political parties in the Netherlands
1940s establishments in the Netherlands
1948 establishments in Europe
École supérieure d'informatique, électronique, automatique

École supérieure d'informatique, électronique, automatique (ESIEA) is a graduate engineering school in France. It is in a campus of Ivry-sur-Seine, close to the one of the Institut Polytechnique des Sciences Avancées.

Research labs 
Research activities at ESIEA relate to the following topics:
 Information & Systems Security
 Digital Interactions
 Health and handicap

References

Further reading 

 Official website

Technical colleges and universities in Paris
1958 establishments in Europe
1950s establishments in France
Boonesborough, Kentucky

Boonesborough is an unincorporated community in Madison County, Kentucky, USA. It is in the central part of the state along the Kentucky River. It is the site of Fort Boonesborough State Park, which includes the Kentucky River Museum. The park site has been rebuilt to look like a working fort of the days when Daniel Boone lived there.

Boonesborough was founded by Boone as Boone's Station while he was working for Richard Henderson and Nathanial Hart of the Transylvania Company. Boone led a group of settlers through the mountains from Fort Watauga (present-day Elizabethton in Tennessee). He carved the Wilderness Road through the Cumberland Gap. He established Fort Boonesborough. Boone lived there from 1775 to 1779. Boonesborough was the town in the area of present-day Kentucky formally chartered by the Commonwealth of Virginia which then claimed it. It was also one of the first English-speaking communities west of the Appalachian Mountains. Boone successfully led his fellow settlers during the Siege of Boonesborough in 1778. He then moved to his son Israel's settlement at Boone's New Station near what is now Athens, Kentucky.

Unincorporated communities in Kentucky
Pim Fortuyn List

The Pim Fortuyn List, Dutch: Lijst Pim Fortuyn (shortened LPF), was a Dutch political party.

The Pim Fortuyn List was a populist party, established by Pim Fortuyn, and also named after him, in 2002.

The LPF participated for the first time in the general elections of 2002, shortly after the murder of Fortuyn, and won 26 seats. 

Numerous quarrels within the party caused its downfall. The LPF was disestablished in 2008.

Political parties in the Netherlands
2002 establishments in the Netherlands
2008 disestablishments in Europe
21st-century disestablishments in the Netherlands
Catacomb

A catacomb is an underground tunnel that is used to hold and bury dead bodies. Many of them were made in the Roman Empire.

Use in music 
The Catacombs is the eighth movement from Pictures at an Exhibition by Modest Mussorgsky. It describes of loud and soft sounds of echoes in catacombs.

Related pages 
Cemetery
Crypt
Tomb

Cemeteries
Boulos Yazigi

Boulos Yazigi or Paul Rami Yagizi (Arabic: بولس يازجي ) is a bishop or metropolitan of the Greek Orthodox Church. He has been missing since 2013, when he was kidnapped with archbishop Yohanna Ibrahim of the Syriac Orthodox Church.

Life 
Yazigi was born in 1959 in Lattakya, Syria.   He studied for a civil engineering degree at the University of Tishreen in Latakia, Syria.   He studied theology at the University of Thessaloniki in Greece and received a master's degree in 1989 and a PhD in 1992.  The title of his thesis was "Eschatology & Ethics: The Eschatological Foundations of the Life in Christ According to St. John Chrysostom."   He also studied Byzantine music and iconography in Greece and Mount Athos.

Yazigi's brother is Greek Orthodox Patriarch John X Yazigi.

Work 

In 1992, Yazigi became a religion instructor at Saint John of Damascus Institute of Theology at the University of Balamand in Lebanon. He was dean of the institute from 1994 to 2001. At the same time, he was appointed abbot of Balamand Monastery in the Koura District in northern Lebanon.

Yazigi was ordained a priest in 1992 and became bishop of Aleppo in 2000. He wrote 11 books and 7 articles on religious subjects, including translations of English and Greek works into Arabic.

Disappearance 
Yazigi disappeared on April 22, 2013 in Syria after he was kidnapped along with archbishop Yohanna Ibrahim of the Syriac Orthodox Church.  The two men worked in Aleppo.  Their driver was shot and killed in the attack.  The two men were kidnapped in the village of Kfar Dael by "a terrorist group" on the road to Aleppo from the rebel-held border with Turkey at Bab al Hawa. Ibrahim went to get Yazigi because he was familiar with the border crossing and the route. The name of the driver killed was Fathallah Kabud.  Bishop Ibrahim went to the border to receive two priests who had been kidnapped: Armenian Catholic Michel Kayal and Greek Orthodox Isaac Moawad. Money was paid for the priests on April 19, but Ibrihim did not receive the priests that day, and they asked him to return. Ibrahim was experienced with negotiating kidnapping releases. In the year before his kidnapping, he participated in 20 successful hostage exchanges.

References 

1959 births
Living people
Archbishops
Eastern Orthodox Christians
Missing people
Syrian Christians
Herman Philipse

Herman Philipse (born May 13, 1951 in The Hague) is a Dutch philosopher, specialized in epistemology.

Philipse studied law and philosophy at Leiden University. 

From 1986 to 2003 he was a philosophy professor at Leiden University. Since 2003 he has been a philosophy professor at Utrecht University.

Philipse is an atheist.

He has published on philosophy and atheism.

References 
 www.sg.uu.nl

1951 births
Living people
20th-century philosophers
21st-century philosophers
Dutch academics
Dutch atheists
Dutch philosophers
Writers from The Hague
Aranjanam

An Aranjanam is a thin belt or tie worn around the waist by many South Asian people. It is usually made of gold or black cotton and gold. It is given to baby boys on the 28th day after the baby is born. The tradition is common in south India for people of any religion. The parents believe it keeps away evil (bad) spirits. Many South Asian adults wear an Aranjanam. They wear it under their clothes. They usually keep it on all the time, even when nude.

Jewelry
Morton Deutsch

Morton Deutsch (February 4, 1920 – March 13, 2017), was an American social psychologist and researcher in conflict resolution.

Deutsch was one of the founding fathers of the field of conflict resolution. His survey Review of General Psychology, published in 2002, ranked Deutsch as the 63rd most cited psychologist of the 20th century.

References

1920 births
2017 deaths
American psychologists
Scientists from New York City
Writers from New York City
Hugh Hardy

Hugh Hardy (July 26, 1932 – March 17, 2017) was an American architect. He was known for designing theaters, performing arts venues, public spaces, and cultural facilities across the United States.

Early life
Hugh Gelston Hardy was born on July 26, 1932, in Majorca, Spain to an American family. His family moved to Manhattan, New York in the 1940s. He went to Princeton University, where he earned a Bachelor of Architecture in 1954 and a Master of Fine Arts in Architecture in 1956.

Career

Over the course of his career, Hardy founded three firms: Hugh Hardy & Associates in 1962, Hardy Holzman Pfeiffer in 1967, and H3 Hardy Collaboration Architecture in 2004. Hardy Holzman Pfeiffer received the Architecture Firm Award in 1981, the highest honor bestowed on a firm by American Institute of Architects for distinguished work. Hardy was also a Fellow of the American Institute of Architects. Hardy was named a member of the American Academy of Arts and Letters in 1993.

Personal life
Hardy married the architect Tiziana Spadea in 1965. They had two children. He lived in New York City.

Death
Hardy died of a cerebral hemorrhage at a hospital in New York City on March 17, 2017, aged 84.

Impact
The New Yorker writer Brendan Gill called him "the Stanford White of our fin de siècle". In 1995, Julie Iovine of The New York Times wrote, "There is scarcely a cultural icon in the city with which Mr. Hardy has not been involved."

References

Other websites

 H3 Hardy Collaboration Architecture, the architectural studio of Hugh Hardy

1932 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from cerebral hemorrhage
Disease-related deaths in New York City
American architects
Businesspeople from New York City
Lawrence Montaigne

Lawrence Montaigne (February 26, 1931 – March 17, 2017) was an American actor, writer, dancer, and stuntman. As an actor, he was known for his appearances on many 1960s-era television shows such as Star Trek. He was also known for his role as Haynes in The Great Escape.

Montaigne died on March 17, 2017, at the age of 86.

References

Other websites

  Lawrence Montaigne's Personal Website

1931 births
2017 deaths
American movie actors
American television actors
Actors from Brooklyn
Inomjon Usmonxo‘jayev

Inomjon Buzrukovich Usmonxo‘jayev (in Cyrillic Uzbek: Иномжон Бузрукович Усмонхўжаев ; in Russian: Инамджан Бузрукович Усманходжаев Inamdzhan Buzrukovich Usmankhodzhayev; 21 May 1930 – 17 March 2017) served as the eleventh First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Uzbek SSR. Usmonxo‘jayev became General Secretary following the disastrous "Cotton Scandal".

Usmonxo'jayev died on 17 March 2017 in Fergana, Uzbekistan at the age of 86.

References

Other websites
World Statesmen - Uzbekistan

1930 births
2017 deaths
Uzbekistani people
Communists
Sergei Gimayev

Sergei Nailevich Gimayev (; 1 January 1955 – 18 March 2017) was a Russian professional ice hockey player. He was born in Moscow. He played ten seasons (1976–86) in the Soviet Championship League with HC CSKA Moscow and Leningrad SKA. After the end of his career as a player, Gimayev worked as a TV sports presenter.

Gimayev died in Tula, Russia on 18 March 2017 from a heart attack, caused by thrombosis, aged 62.

References

Other websites

1955 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Deaths from thrombosis
Russian ice hockey players
Television presenters
People from Moscow
Ashwin Sundar

Ashwin Sundar (27 July 1985 – 18 March 2017) was an Indian race driver. He was most active during 2005 till recent years winning several national titles in Go-Kart, Single Seater Formula Cars, Two Wheelers and Saloon cars.

He was born on 27 July 1985 at Chennai, Tamil Nadu. He was killed in a car accident in Chennai, India on 18 March 2017, aged 31.

References

Other websites
 High-octane drive - The Hindu 
 ‘09 RACING SEASON: IT’S A WRAP!  
Sundar wins Formula Rolon - Times of India 
 Ashwin proves class in JK Tyre racing championship | TwoCircles.net 

1985 births
2017 deaths
Road accident deaths
Indian sportspeople
Racecar drivers
Miloslav Vlk

Miloslav Vlk ([ˈmɪloslaf ˈvl̩k]; 17 May 1932 – 18 March 2017) was a Czech prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as Archbishop of Prague from 1991 to 2010. He was made a cardinal in 1994.

Vlk has been sharply critical of the rise of far-right and xenophobic sentiment in Central Europe, joining Jewish protests in 2007 when right-wingers planned a march through Prague's Jewish quarter on the anniversary of Kristallnacht.

Vlk was born in the Písek District of Southern Bohemia. He died on 18 March 2017 from cancer in Prague, aged 84.

References

1932 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from cancer
Roman Catholics
Czech people
English claims to the French throne

From 1340-1800 many English and later British monarchs claimed the throne of France. The origin of the claims come from Edward III's territorial claims of France which he claimed gave him the right to be king. He tried to take the throne of France and started the Hundred Years' War.

Claims to the throne of France (1340-1360), (1369-1420)

Heir of France (1420-1422)

King of France (1422-1461), (1470-1471) 
 The first English monarch to completely rule France for majority of his reign.
Henry VI was made to be successor of French king Charles VI and on October 21st 1422 took up the position of the French king. He was said to rule the whole of France but in reality only ruled small parts of the north. Charles VII was later crowned as king of France, son of Charles VI starting a small line of disputed monarchs and the English, later British monarch claiming the throne of France for another 350 years.

King of Calais (1461-1470), (1470-1558) 
Edward IV also claimed the throne of France during Henry VI's absence from the English throne and his claims happened in between Henry's so reign of the monarch may not be in perfect order for this list. The claim was of France but really monarchs only ruled Calais due to the terrible general skills of the Duke of Somerset, a close friend of Margaret of Anjou and Henry VI.

Phillip II of Spain/Phillip I of England who ruled with Mary did claim Calais and partially rule it but he is considered a co-king of the Tudor dynasty and will not be counted as a legitimate Calais ruler or English king and more of a co-king/consort.

Later Tudor claimants (1558-1603)

English and Scottish claims (1603-1707) 
English and Scottish claims refer to claims made after the 1603 union between the English monarch and the Scottish monarch when Scottish king James VI became English king James I uniting the kingdoms under one king. However they remained geo-politically separate until the 1707 Acts of Union which united Scotland and England (including the Principality of Wales) into one nation now named Great Britain as of 1707, later the United Kingdom in 1800, the year George III dropped his claim.

British claims (1707-1800)

References

History of England
History of France
Edward Balliol

Edward Balliol (;  1283 – 1367)  was a claimant to the throne of Scotland. He claimed the throne from 1314-1356, but reigned only from 1332-1336. He was the eldest son of John Balliol and thus the heir to the Scottish throne after him. However, John was deposed by Robert I and William Wallace (as guardian of Scotland).

He was chosen as king after the death of Margaret, Maid of Norway. Although he was never considered to be the true king as he was an ally with Edward Longshanks and Edward II, kings of England.

References

1283 births
1367 deaths
Kings and Queens of Scotland
ISC Paris Business School

ISC Paris Business School is a European higher studies establishment. The school is in Paris, France. It has been established in 1962.

ISC Paris is specialist in the fields of economics, social sciences and management. The school has a partnership with ISIPCA for an MBA fragrances and cosmetics.

References

Further reading 
 ISC Paris website

Education in France
William Laud

William Laud (1573 - 1645) was a close advisor of Charles I of England. He was Archbishop of Canterbury from 1633. He was executed in 1645, 5 years after his initial arrest.

He was born in Reading, Berkshire and died in London.

1573 births
1645 deaths
Alumni of the University of Oxford
Anglican archbishops
Anglican priests
Archbishops of Canterbury
English Anglicans
English priests
Executed English people
People from Reading, Berkshire
Tern

Terns are seabirds in the family Laridae. They are normally found near the sea, rivers, or wetlands. 

They are slender, lightly built birds with long, forked tails, narrow wings, long bills, and short legs. Most species are pale grey above and white below, with a contrasting black cap to the head, but some have dark plumage for part of the year. 

Terns breed in noisy colonies and lay their eggs on bare ground with little or no nest material. Marsh terns make floating nests from the vegetation in their wetland habitats, and a few species build simple nests in trees, on cliffs or in crevices. 

Most species feed on fish caught by diving from flight, but the marsh terns are insect-eaters, and some large terns may take small land vertebrates. Many terns are long-distance migrants, and the Arctic tern may see more daylight in a year than any other animal.

Seabirds
Bernie Wrightson

Bernard Albert "Bernie" Wrightson (October 27, 1948 – March 18, 2017) was an American artist. He was known for co-creating the creature Swamp Thing, his Frankenstein illustration work, and for his other horror comics and illustrations, which feature his trademark intricate pen and brush work.

Wrightson was born in Dundalk, Maryland. He was married to comic artist Michele Wrightson from 1976 until her death in 2015. He later remarried to Liz Wrightson and lived together in Austin, Texas.

Wrightson died on March 18, 2017 at a hospital in Austin, Texas from brain cancer, aged 68.

References

Other websites

Bernie Wrightson official site
Bernie Wrightson  at Mike's Amazing World of Comics
Bernie Wrightson at the Unofficial Handbook of Marvel Comics Creators
Spotlight on Bernie Wrightson, Comic Book Resources, June 16, 2008

1948 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from brain cancer
Cancer deaths in Texas
American comics artists
American illustrators
People from Minnesota
People from Austin, Texas
Roger Pingeon

Roger Pingeon (; 28 August 1940 – 19 March 2017) was a professional French road bicycle racer. He raced as a professional from 1964 to 1974. In 1967, Pingeon won the Tour de France. In 1969, Pingeon won the Vuelta a España and finished second behind Eddy Merckx in the 1969 Tour de France. He was born in Hauteville-Lompnes, Ain, France.

Pingeon died in Paris, France from a heart attack on 19 March 2017, aged 76.

References

Other websites

1940 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Cardiovascular disease deaths in France
French cyclists
Sportspeople from Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes
Ivan Grubišić

Ivan Grubišić (20 June 1936 – 19 March 2017) was a Croatian Roman Catholic priest, sociologist, and independent politician. He served as a representative in the Croatian Parliament representing the X electoral district from 22 December 2011 through 28 December 2015. 

Grubišić was born in Dicmo, Kingdom of Yugoslavia. He studied at University of Zagreb and at the University of Zadar. Grubišić died in Split, Croatia on 19 March 2017, aged 80.

References

Other websites
 

1936 births
2017 deaths
Croatian politicians
Roman Catholic priests
Sociologists
Croatian scientists
André Tosel

André Tosel (15 June 1941 – 14 March 2017) was a French Marxist philosopher and academic administrator. He was the author of several books about Marxism and Marxist theorists.

Tosel taught Philosophy at the University of Franche-Comté and Pantheon-Sorbonne University until he became a full professor of Philosophy at the University of Nice Sophia Antipolis. He served as its vice president from 1992 to 1998, and as the director of its Center for the History of Ideas from 1998 to 2003. 

Tosel died in Nice, France on 14 March 2017 at the age of 75.

References

1941 births
2017 deaths
French philosophers
French writers
French educators
Marxism
People from Nice
Jimmy Breslin

James Earle "Jimmy" Breslin (October 17, 1928 – March 19, 2017) was am American journalist and author. He wrote a column for the New York Daily News Sunday edition until his death in 2017. He won the Pulitzer Prize for Commentary in 1986.

Breslin authored numerous novels, and columns of his have appeared regularly in many newspapers in his hometown of New York City. He served as a regular columnist for the Long Island newspaper Newsday until his retirement on November 2, 2004, though he still published occasional pieces for the paper.  

Breslin wrote the novels Can't Anybody Here Play This Game? (1962) and The Gang That Couldn't Shoot Straight (1969). In 1999, he appeared as himself in the 1999 American thriller movie Summer of Sam.

Breslin worked as an investigation journalist and helped solve crimes committed by the mafia in New York including Henry Hill and serial killer David Berkowitz. He also exposed Queens Borough president Donald Manes's corruption actions which eventually led to his suicide in 1986.

He was known for his newspaper columns which offered a sympathetic viewpoint of the working-class people of New York City.

Breslin was born in Queens, New York. He studied at Long Island University from 1948 to 1950. He left without graduating. He married Rosemary Dattalico from 1954 until her death in 1981. He later married Ronnie Eldridge from 1982 until his death in 2017. Breslin had six children.

Breslin died on March 19, 2017 at his home in Manhattan, New York from complications of pneumonia, aged 88.

References

Other websites

Jimmy Breslin quotes

Pulitzer Prize winners
1928 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from pneumonia
Disease-related deaths in New York City
American activists
American novelists
American screenwriters
American playwrights
American journalists
Writers from Queens
Hasyim Muzadi

Achmad Hasyim Muzadi (August 8, 1944 – March 16, 2017) was an Indonesian Islamic scholar, and cleric. He served as the fourth Chairman of Nahdlatul Ulama, the largest Islamic organization in Indonesia, from 1999 to 2010. 

He was the founder and director of the Al-Hikam Islamic boarding school. He was the running mate of Megawati Sukarnoputri in Indonesia's 2004 presidential election, but the ticket lost the election in a runoff. 

He was a member of Indonesia's Presidential Advisory Board from 2015 until his death. He was a proponent of moderate Islam, which he defined as being neither radical nor liberal, criticizing both Islamic fundamentalism and liberal Islam.

Muzadi died of cardiac arrest on March 16, 2017 in Malang, East Java after being hospitalized for exhaustion, aged 72.

References

Other websites
 
 
 
 

1944 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from cardiac arrest
Indonesian politicians
Indonesian writers
Indonesian educators
Muslims
Deaths from exhaustion
Cuban Thaw

The United States–Cuban Thaw () is a warming of Cuba–United States relations that began in December 2014, ending a 54-year break between the nations. In March 2016, Barack Obama became the first U.S. President to visit Cuba since 1928.

Background
On December 17, 2014, U.S. President Barack Obama and Cuban President Raúl Castro announced the beginning of a process of normalizing relations between Cuba and the United States.  The normalization agreement was secretly negotiated in the months before, being overseen by Pope Francis and largely hosted by the Government of Canada.

Meetings were held in Canada and in Vatican City.  The agreement would see the lifting of some U.S. travel restrictions, fewer restrictions on remittances, and U.S. banks' access to the Cuban financial system.

Effects
On April 14, 2015, the Obama administration announced that Cuba would be removed from the United States State Sponsors of Terrorism list. With no congressional action to block this within the permitted time period, Cuba was officially removed from the list on May 29, 2015. This marked a further departure by the United States from the Cold War conflict and its strain on Cuba–United States relations.

On July 20, 2015, the Cuban and U.S. "interests sections" in Washington and Havana were upgraded to embassies, marking the re-establishment of diplomatic relations that had been broken in 1961.

Trump presidency
On June 16, 2017 President Donald Trump announced that he was "canceling" the Obama administrations deals with Cuba, while also expressing that a new deal could be negotiated between the Cuban and United States governments.

References

Other websites

2014 in the United States
2015 in the United States
2016 in the United States
2010s in Cuba
Barack Obama
Słubice

Słubice is a town in Lubusz Voivodeship, Poland. Across the Oder River from it is the town of Frankfurt (Oder) in Germany. About 18,000 people live in Słubice.

Towns in Poland
Sarah Jiménez

Sarah Jiménez Vernis (February 3, 1927 – March 13, 2017) was a Mexican artist. She known for her political graphic work in the mid 20th century, especially with the Taller de Gráfica Popular. Her works would help her earn a membership in the Salón de la Plástica Mexicana.

After her time with the Taller, her career shifted to teaching, and her work became mostly forgotten. However, there have been efforts to revive interest in it.

Jiménez was born in Piedras Negras, Coahuila in the north of Mexico. She moved to Mexico City in 1947.

In 1954, she participated in the creation of a mural at the Escuela Belisario Dominguez, with her section dealing with the dead soldier of the Mexican Revolution.

Jiménez died in Mexico City on March 13, 2017 from heart failure, aged 90.

References

Other websites

 La artista que llevó la imagen de México a Chile 

1927 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from heart failure
Mexican painters
Coahuila
Artists from Mexico City
Leticia Ramos-Shahani

Leticia Valdez Ramos-Shahani (September 30, 1929 – March 20, 2017) was a Filipino politician and writer. She served as a member of the Senate from 1987 through 1998 and the Senate President pro tempore from 1993 through 1996. She was a member of the Lakas Kampi CMD.

Ramos-Shahani was born in Lingayen, Pangasinan, Philippine Islands. She was the sister of President Fidel V. Ramos. Ramos-Shahani died at a hospital in Taguig, Philippines on March 20, 2017 from complications of colon cancer and pneumonia, aged 87.

References

1929 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from colorectal cancer
Deaths from pneumonia
Presidents pro tempore of the Senate of the Philippines
Filipino writers
Gale Sayers

Gale Eugene Sayers (May 30, 1943 – September 23, 2020), nicknamed the "Kansas Comet", was an American football player. He earned fame both as a halfback and return specialist in the National Football League (NFL). 

In a brief but highly productive NFL career, Sayers spent seven seasons with the Chicago Bears from 1965 to 1971, though multiple injuries effectively limited him to five seasons of play. 

Prior to joining the Bears, he played college football for the Kansas Jayhawks football team of the University of Kansas, where he compiled 4,020 all-purpose yards over three seasons and was twice recognized as a consensus All-American. 

Sayers was born in Wichita, Kansas. He was raised in Omaha, Nebraska. He studied at the University of Kansas. 

In 2012, Sayers was diagnosed with dementia after suffering multiple concussions during his football career.

Sayers died from problems caused by dementia on September 23, 2020 in Wakarusa, Indiana at the age of 77.

References

Other websites

 Sayers Technology, LLC – Sayers-owned technology consulting firm

1943 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from dementia
Chicago Bears players
Sportspeople from Wichita, Kansas
Sportspeople from Omaha, Nebraska
Dwight Clark

Dwight Edward Clark (January 8, 1957 – June 4, 2018) was a former American football wide receiver and executive. He played for the San Francisco 49ers of the National Football League (NFL) from 1979 to 1987.  

With the 49ers, Clark played on two Super Bowl championship teams.  He caught the winning touchdown pass thrown by quarterback Joe Montana in the NFC Championship Game in January 1982 against the Dallas Cowboys. Clark played college football at Clemson University before being drafted by the 49ers in the 10th round of the 1979 NFL Draft.  He served as the general manager of the 49ers in 1998 and in the same capacity with the Cleveland Browns from 1998 to 2002.

Clark was born in Kinston, North Carolina. He studied at Clemson University. Clark lived in Santa Cruz, California with his wife Kelly for a long time until moving to Whitefish, Montana. 

On March 19, 2017, Clark announced that he was diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Clark died on June 4, 2018 from the disease in Whitefish, aged 61.

References

1957 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from motor neurone disease
San Francisco 49ers players
Sportspeople from North Carolina
Joni Sledge

Joan Elise Sledge (September 13, 1956 – March 10, 2017), better known as Joni Sledge, was an American singer–songwriter and producer. Sledge was best known as a founding member of the American family vocal group Sister Sledge. Sledge performed the song "Then Came You" with the Spinners on the television music show The Midnight Special in 1975.

In addition to singing, Sledge was also a songwriter and producer. She wrote and produced the song "Brother, Brother Stop" for a Sister Sledge greatest hits album in 1996. Sledge's production of their album African Eyes which was released in 1997 was nominated for a best–production Grammy.

Sledge was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. She studied at Temple University. She had one son Thaddeus Sledge. 

Sledge was found dead by a friend at her home on March 11, 2017 in Phoenix, Arizona at the age of 60. Her death was originally considered due to unknown circumstances as she didn't have any known illnesses, according to close family sources. On March 14, 2017, Sledge's cause of death was ruled "natural causes".

References

1956 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from natural causes
American singer-songwriters
American pop singers
American R&B singers
American soul musicians
American television actors
Actors from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Singers from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Musicians from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Writers from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Klaib Al-Fawwaz

Klaib Saud Al-Fawwaz (15 October 1950 – 8 January 2017) was a Jordanian diplomat and senator. He served as State Minister for Cabinet Affairs from 2011 through 2012 and Secretary General of the Eslah Political Party from 2012 until his death in 2017.

Al-Fawwaz was born in Sabha, Jordan. He studied at the University of Jordan. 

Al-Fawwaz served in Jordan's diplomatic missions around the world for over 30 years. He worked at the Jordanian embassy in New Delhi from 1979 through 1983, the Permanent Mission of Jordan to the United Nations in New York from 1984 through 1988 and the embassies in Baghdad from 1991 through 1995 and Uzbekistan from 1997 through 1999. 

Al-Fawwaz also served as Jordan's Consul General to Dubai and Northern Emirates from 1999 through 2003, after which he became a senator serving from 2003 through 2005.

Al-Fawwaz died on 8 January 2017 in Amman, Jordan from a heart attack, aged 66.

References

1950 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Asian diplomats
Jordanian people
Pascal Smet

Pascal Smet (born July 7, 1967 in Beveren) is a Belgian politician. He is a member of sp.a.

Smet studied law at the University of Antwerp.

He was a minister of the Brussels-Capital Region and of Flanders. He has also been an alderman of the city of Brussels since 2006.

Smet is openly gay.

References 
 Pascal Smet's Website

1967 births
Living people
Alderman of Belgium
Belgian LGBT people
Brussels-Capital Region politicians
Flemish politicians
Gay men
LGBT politicians
People from Brussels
People from East Flanders
Socialistische Partij Anders politicians
Li Li-Hua

Li Li-Hua (also known as Li Hua Li, Li Lihua and Teresa Li ; 17 July 1924 – 19 March 2017) was a Chinese Hong-Kong actress, better known as an actress from the Shaw Brothers Studio. 

In 1957, Li married Hong Kong actor and director Yan Jun (嚴俊). He died in 1980. 

Li Lihua was born on July 17, 1924 in Shanghai. 

Her first movie was 3 Smiles (三笑) which was released in two parts in 1940. Her final movie was New Dream of the Red Chamber (新紅樓夢) in 1978 after which she retired and moved to the United States. She acted in over one hundred twenty movies during her 38 year career. In 1969 she was awarded the Golden Horse Best Actress award for Storm over the Yangtze River (揚子江風雲).

Li died in Hong Kong on 19 March 2017, aged 92.

References

1924 births
2017 deaths
Actors from Hong Kong
Chinese movie actors
Chinese television actors
Chinese stage actors
Actors from Shanghai
Chinu Modi

Chinu Modi (Gujarati: ચિનુ મોદી), also known by his pen name, Irshad (Gujarati: ઈર્શાદ) (30 September 1939 – 19 March 2017) was a Gujarati language poet, novelist, short story writer and critic from Gujarat, India. 

He taught many institutions and established himself as a poet and author. He was a recipient of several awards including Sahitya Akademi Award, Vali Gujarati Award and Narsinh Mehta Award.

Modi died on 19 March 2017 from multiple organ failure after suffering a heart attack in Ahmedabad, India, aged 77.

References

1939 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from multiple organ failure
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Indian novelists
Indian poets
Indian critics
Gujarat
Robert B. Silvers

Robert Benjamin Silvers (December 31, 1929 – March 20, 2017) was an American editor and essayist. He served as editor of The New York Review of Books from 1963 to 2017. Silvers was co-editor of the Review with Barbara Epstein for over 40 years until her death in 2006 and was the sole editor of the magazine after that until his own death.

Among other honors, he was a Chevalier of the French Légion d’honneur and a member of the French Ordre National du Mérite.

Silvers also edited or co-edited several essay anthologies, including Writing in America (1960); A Middle East Reader: Selected Essays on the Middle East (1991); The First Anthology: Thirty Years of the New York Review (1993); Hidden Histories of Science (1995); India: A Mosaic (2000); Doing It: Five Performing Arts (2001); The Legacy of Isaiah Berlin (2001); Striking Terror (2002); The Company They Kept (vol. 1, 2006; vol. 2, 2011); The Consequences to Come: American Power After Bush (2008); and  The New York Review Abroad: Fifty Years of International Reportage (2013).

Silvers died on March 20, 2017 at his home in New York City from complications of pneumonia, aged 87.

References

1929 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from pneumonia
Disease-related deaths in New York City
American editors
American essayists
Writers from New York City
Sybrand van Haersma Buma

Sybrand van Haersma Buma, often just called Sybrand Buma, (born July 30, 1965 in Workum) is a Dutch politician of the Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA). He has been mayor of Leeuwarden since August 2019.

He was a member of the Second Chamber from 2002, and also parliamentary leader from 2010 till 2019.

He studied law at the University of Groningen, and worked at the Council of State and as an assistant to the CDA parliamentary group before entering into politics.

He is a Protestant. Furthermore, he is a descendant of the patrician Frisian family of Buma and partly of Jewish descent (his maternal grandmother was Jewish).

Sybrand van Haersma Buma is the son of former mayor Bernhard van Haersma Buma (passed away in 2020).

References 
  Bio at Parlement.com

1965 births
Living people
Christian Democratic Appeal politicians
Dutch Calvinists
Dutch civil servants
Dutch councillors
Dutch jurists
Dutch mayors
Former leaders of political parties in the Netherlands
Former members of the House of Representatives of the Netherlands
Politicians from Friesland
Alexander Pechtold

Alexander Pechtold (born December 16, 1965) is a former Dutch politician of Democrats 66 (D66). He was party chair from 2002 to 2005, and political leader from 2006 to 2018 (succeeded by Sigrid Kaag).

He was a member of the House of Representatives and also parliamentary leader from 2006 to 2018. Previously he was a minister in the Second Balkenende cabinet, mayor of Wageningen, and an alderman of Leiden.

Pechtold studied art history and archaeology at Leiden University, and worked as an auctioneer before entering into politics. Nowadays he is leading the central office for driving certificates.

Pechtold was born in Delft and grew up in Rhoon. He is non-religious and divorced.

References 
  Bio at Parlement.com

1965 births
Living people
Democrats 66 politicians
Aldermen of the Netherlands
Dutch councillors
Dutch mayors
Dutch party chairs
Dutch television presenters
Former leaders of political parties in the Netherlands
Former members of the House of Representatives of the Netherlands
Government ministers of the Netherlands
People from Delft
Politicians from South Holland
ARD-Infonacht

ARD-Infonacht (German for ARD-Newsnight) is Germany's only overnight all-news radio show. It broadcasts daily from NDR Info in Hamburg between 22:00 and 6:00. It started broadcasting on 1 April 2011 on MDR. It is carried by several all-news stations: B5 Aktuell, hr-Info, SWR Aktuell, Inforadio, MDR Aktuell, WDR5 and Antenne Saar.

The program's format consists of traffic and weather reports every 30 minutes and round-the-clock news from ARD worldwide correspondents.

The actual transfer time of each station is different, including:
 Inforadio: daily from 23:00 to 6:00.
 B5 Aktuell: daily from 0:00 to 6:00.
 WDR5, MDR Aktuell, hr-Info and Antenne Saar: daily from 23:00 to 6:00.
 SWR Aktuell: weekdays from 23:00 to 6:00 (weekends are until 8:00).

Radio programs
German culture
Emile Roemer

Emile Gerardus Maria Roemer (born August 24, 1962 in Boxmeer) is a Dutch politician of the Socialist Party (SP). He was political and parliamentary leader from March 5, 2010 until December 13, 2017. His successor is Lilian Marijnissen.

He was a member of the Second Chamber from 2006 to 2018. Previously he was an alderman of Boxmeer, and a member of the party board.

He was acting mayor of Heerlen from 2018 until 2020, and acting mayor of Alkmaar from 2020 until 2021. He has been King's Commissioner of Limburg since December 1, 2021.

Roemer is a former school teacher.

References 

 Bio at Parlement.com 

1962 births
Living people
Aldermen of the Netherlands
Dutch councillors
Dutch mayors
Dutch provincial politicians
Dutch Roman Catholics
Dutch teachers
Former leaders of political parties in the Netherlands
Former members of the House of Representatives of the Netherlands
Politicians from North Brabant
Socialist Party (Netherlands) politicians
Jesse Klaver

Jesse Feras Klaver (born May 1, 1986 in Roosendaal) is a Dutch politician of GreenLeft (GL). He has been political leader since 2015.

He has been a member of the Second Chamber since 2010 and parliamentary leader since 2015. Previously he was chair of CNV Youth and a member of the Social-Economic Council.

Klaver is partly of Moroccan and Indonesian descent.

References 
  Bio at Parlement.com

Other websites 
 Bio at the House of Representatives of The Netherlands

1986 births
Living people
Dutch trade unionists
Leaders of political parties in the Netherlands
Members of the House of Representatives of the Netherlands
Politicians from North Brabant
Ontological argument

The ontological argument is an idea in religious philosophy. It is supposed to show that God exists.

There are different versions, but they all argue something like: because we can imagine a perfect being, there must be a god. The idea is that existing makes a good thing better than one that's only imaginary. So the perfect thing we're imagining must exist. Then we call the perfect thing God. The earliest objection was that an argument like that could prove wrong things. You could prove that a perfect island must exist, for example. But no real island is perfect.

Because it starts with imagination, not what you can see or experience, this is a kind of a priori reasoning. David Hume didn't like that way of thinking. He believed that knowledge had to come from experience and called everything else "nothing but sophistry and illusion".

Other versions of the argument start with the idea of the universe, and from that argue that there must be a god.

References 

Philosophy
Lodewijk Asscher

Lodewijk Frans Asscher (born September 27, 1974 in Amsterdam) is a Dutch politician of the Labour Party (PvdA). He was political leader from December 2016 and also parliamentary leader from March 2017 until January 2021. He was succeeded by Lilianne Ploumen.

Career 
Asscher was a government minister and also deputy prime minister in the Second Rutte cabinet from 2012 to 2017. Previously he was an alderman of Amsterdam. As an alderman he was fighting sexual slavery and criminal companies.

He studied law at the University of Amsterdam (including a PhD) and is a former academic at the same university. He is partly of Jewish descent (his father is Jewish). He adheres Reform Judaism.

Lodewijk Asscher is married with three children.

References 
  Bio at Parlement.com

1974 births
Living people
Aldermen of the Netherlands
Deputy Prime Ministers of the Netherlands
Dutch academics
Dutch councillors
Dutch jurists
Former leaders of political parties in the Netherlands
Former members of the House of Representatives of the Netherlands
Government ministers of the Netherlands
Jewish academics
Jewish Dutch politicians
Labour Party (Netherlands) politicians
Mayors of Amsterdam
André Jagendorf

André Tridon Jagendorf (October 21, 1926 – March 13, 2017) was an American plant biologist and educator. He was a Liberty Hyde Bailey Professor Emeritus in the Section of Plant Biology at Cornell University. He was known for providing direct evidence that chloroplasts synthesize adenosine triphosphate (ATP) using the chemiosmotic mechanism proposed by Peter Mitchell.

Jagendorf was born in New York City on October 21, 1926. He studied at Cornell University, at Yale University and at the University of California, Los Angeles. Jagendorf died in Ithaca, New York from a heart attack on March 13, 2017, aged 90.

References

Other websites
Obituary in Ithaca Journal
Obituary at Legacy.com

1926 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Cardiovascular disease deaths in New York
American biologists
Educators from New York City
Scientists from New York City
People from Ithaca, New York
Len Mitzel

Leonard Mitzel (1945 – March 19, 2017) was a Canadian politician. He was a former Member of the Legislative Assembly of Alberta representing the constituency of Cypress-Medicine Hat as a Progressive Conservative serving from November 22, 2004 through April 23, 2012.

Mitzel was born in Lethbridge, Alberta in 1945. He and his wife, June Cole Mitzel, lived in Etzikom, Alberta. They had two children. Mitzel died on March 19, 2017 in Medicine Hat, Alberta from pancreatic cancer, aged 71.

References

1945 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from pancreatic cancer
Cancer deaths in Canada
Politicians from Alberta
Chandler Robbins

Chandler Seymour Robbins (July 17, 1918 – March 20, 2017) was an American ornithologist. He was known for his works to the field include co-authorship of an influential field guide to birds, as well as organizing the North American Breeding Bird Survey. 

Robbins was born in Belmont, Massachusetts. He was raised in Washington, D.C.. He studied at Harvard University and at George Washington University. Robbins died at his home in Laurel, Maryland on March 20, 2017 from respiratory failure, aged 98.

References

Other websites
North American Breeding Bird Survey
Ken Emerson, "Seen Any Warblers Lately", New York Times Magazine, 2 September 1990.
Chandler Robbins—A Partial List of Publications, 1945–2005.
Chandler Robbins, video interview with Sam Droege, on the bird migration card program
Frances C. James, The Overall Contributions of Chandler S. Robbins to Ornithology and Bird Conservation in the Americas

1918 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from respiratory failure
Disease-related deaths in Maryland
American environmentalists
Writers from Massachusetts
Writers from Washington, D.C.
Writers from Maryland
People from Laurel, Maryland
Gas operation (firearms)

Gas-operation is a system of operation used to provide energy to operate autoloading firearms. In gas operation, a portion of high-pressure gas from the cartridge being fired is used to power a mechanism to extract the spent case and insert a new cartridge into the chamber. Energy from the gas is harnessed through either a port in the barrel or a trap at the muzzle. This high-pressure gas impinges on a surface such as a piston head to provide motion for unlocking of the action, extraction of the spent case, ejection, cocking of the hammer or striker, chambering of a fresh cartridge, and locking of the action. The AK-47 is the most-produced rifle using gas operation.

Direct impingement 
Direct impingement is a form of gas operation that does away with the piston completely. The bolt is designed in such a way so that the gas acts directly upon the bolt (hence the name) to cycle the action. 

Firearms
FN Herstal

Fabrique Nationale de Herstal,  also called Fabrique Nationale or FN, is a Belgian company that makes firearms. The company often market themselves under the name FN Herstal. They own both the Winchester Repeating Arms Company and Browning. In 1898,  the company began woking with with John Moses Browning, a well-known firearms designer. The company was founded in 1990 by Leopold II. It is based in Herstal, Liège, Belgium].

Firearm manufacturers
companies based in Belgium
1990 establishments in Europe
Belgium