cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
In front of you (Garau)

Davanti a te (which translates to “In front of you”) is a 2021 artwork by Italian artist Salvatore Garau. The work consists of an immaterial sculpture.

As conceptual art, it consists of a certificate of authenticity which has affixed to it detailed diagrams and instructions for its proper display by its buyer. Two editions of the piece sold for $ 30,600 USD at auctions to significant media attention.

For Garau, the sculpture assets its conformation in its own nothingness. 

From Il Corriere della Sera to La Repubblica in Italy, from Le Monde to the New York Post, to ABC, Fox, CBS, to CNN, abroad. So much so that several sites specialized in contemporary art have reported that this summer, surpassing Jeff Koons and Damien Hirst, Salvatore Garau was the most published artist and most talked about in the media all over the world. Now comes the second eagerly awaited auction.

Manufactured in September 2020, the pieces are an empty space, with certification papers signed by the artist sold at 27,000 euros.

History 
The first examples were provided in Milan by Italian futurist painters who let their paintings breathe deeply, leading them to expand to overcome the limit, so far crossed, of the frame, this artistic research is overcome by Umberto Boccioni , in his house in Porta Romana in Milan (district of the Prada Foundation) he was carrying on in sculpture. The fact is that in the early 1900s the perception of the physical world was completely transformed and artists absorbed these discoveries. There are countless examples in the history of art demonstrating that when the knowledge we have of the surrounding world changes, the way of representing it inevitably changes in turn. It was discovered that the space between bodies is crossed by invisible forces: electromagnetism, heat, light, all elements that the futurists introduced into their works. Garau finds the solution to the problem of understanding space and its representation of its relationship with the subject that occupies it, which has always been one of the crucial points of modern art. Since the time of the Historical Avant-gardes, the space of the painting became the field of experimentation.

Related pages
International Exhibition of Nothing
 I Am (Garau)
 Comedian (artwork)
 Fountain (Duchamp)

Other websites 
 New York, Aphrodite Crying, by Salvatore Garau, 2021

Notes 

Sculptures
Conceptual art
Art movements
Portuguese Restoration War

The Portuguese Restoration War () was the war between Portugal and Spain that began with the Portuguese revolution of 1640 and ended with the Treaty of Lisbon in 1668, bringing a formal end to the Iberian Union. The period from 1640 to 1668 was marked by periodic skirmishes between Portugal and Spain, as well as short episodes of more serious warfare, much of it occasioned by Spanish and Portuguese entanglements with non-Iberian powers. Spain was involved in the Thirty Years' War until 1648 and the Franco-Spanish War until 1659, while Portugal was involved in the Dutch–Portuguese War until 1663.

In the seventeenth century and afterwards, this period of sporadic conflict was simply known, in Portugal and elsewhere, as the Acclamation War. The war established the House of Braganza as Portugal's new ruling dynasty, replacing the House of Habsburg who had been united with the Portuguese  crown since the 1581 succession crisis.
John IV of Portugal

John IV (, ; 19 March 1604 – 6 November 1656), nicknamed John the Restorer (), was the King of Portugal whose reign, lasting from 1640 until his death, began the Portuguese restoration of independence from Habsburg Spanish rule. His accession established the House of Braganza on the Portuguese throne, and marked the end of the 60-year-old Iberian Union, by which Portugal and Spain shared the same monarch.

Before becoming king, he was John II, 8th Duke of Braganza. He was the grandson of Catherine, Duchess of Braganza, a claimant to the crown during the Portuguese succession crisis of 1580. On the eve of his death in 1656, the Portuguese Empire was at its territorial zenith, spanning the globe.
Salvaterra de Miño

Salvaterra de Miño is a town and municipality (concello) in the province of Pontevedra, autonomous community of Galicia, Spain. It's located on the southern border of the province of Pontevedra, at the confluence of the valleys of the rivers Tea and Minho, and by the natural limits of the Serra da Cañiza. It borders the Municipalities of As Neves in the east, Mondariz and Poteareas to the north, and to the south by the Minno river. The Minno river (Río Miño or Rio Minho) is the southern natural border that today separates Portugal with its fortified town of Monção from current Galicia to the north.
Hermisende

Hermisende is a municipality located in the province of Zamora, Castile and León, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 383 inhabitants.

References 

Municipalities in Castile and León
Treaty of Lisbon (1668)

The Treaty of Lisbon of 1668 was a peace treaty between Portugal and Spain that was concluded at Lisbon on 13 February 1668 with the mediation of England in which Spain recognised the sovereignty of Portugal's new  ruling dynasty, the House of Braganza.

The regent of Spain, Queen Mariana of Austria, the second wife of the late King Philip IV, acted in the name of her young son, Carlos II and oversaw the negotiations on the behalf of Spain.

The prince-regent of Portugal, Pedro, the future King Peter II of Portugal, in the name of his incapacitated brother, Afonso VI, represented Portugal.
The peace was mediated by Edward Montagu, 1st Earl of Sandwich, an ambassador of Charles II of England.

References

1660s in Europe
Veloso Salgado

José Maria Veloso Salgado (2 April 1864 22 July 1945) was a Galician-born Portuguese artist. He is regarded as one of the country's foremost masters of Naturalism with many distinguished works in historical painting, landscapes, and portraits.
Luisa de Guzmán

Luisa María Francisca de Guzmán y Sandoval (; 13 October 1613 – 27 February 1666) was a queen consort of Portugal. She was the spouse of King John IV, the first Braganza ruler, as well as the mother of two kings of Portugal (Afonso VI and Peter II) and a queen of England (Catherine of Braganza). She served as regent of Portugal de jure from 1656 until 1662, and de facto until her death in 1666.
Frederick Schomberg, 1st Duke of Schomberg

Friedrich Hermann von Schönberg, 1st Duke of Schomberg, 1st Count of Mertola,  (; ; 6 December 1615 – 1 July 1690) was a Marshal of France and a General in the English and Portuguese Army. He was killed at the Battle of the Boyne in 1690.

References
School for Advanced Studies in the Social Sciences

École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS) is one of the most selective and prestigious social sciences Grandes écoles in Paris, France.

EHESS was originally a department of the École pratique des hautes études, founded in 1868 to train academic researchers. It became an independent institution in 1975. Today, its research covers the fields of economics and finance, cognitive sciences, humanities, and politics, such as the sciences, applied mathematics and statistics, development studies, sociology, anthropology, history, musicology, and the philosophy of the social sciences.

Notable Teacher 
 Roland Barthes, French philosopher
 Michel Chodkiewicz, French author and a scholar of Sufism
 Marc Ferro, French historian
 Gérard Genette, French literary theorist
 Jacques Mehler, Spanish-born French-American influential cognitive psychologist
 Pierre Nora, French historian
 Alain Touraine, French sociologist

References

Further reading 

 Official website

Colleges and universities in France
1947 establishments
Paris
1940s establishments in France
Melón

Melón is a municipality in the Galician province of Ourense. It has a population of 1582 (Spanish 2006 Census) and an area of 53.22 km².

References 

Municipalities in Galicia
Manuel Cruz Rodríguez

Manuel Cruz Rodríguez (born 1 January 1951) is a Spanish philosopher and politician who served as the 60th President of the Senate from May to December 2019. Prior to this, between 2016 and 2019, Cruz served as member of the Congress of Deputies in representation of Barcelona. He is a member of the Socialists' Party of Catalonia.

1951 births
Living people
Spanish philosophers
Spanish politicians
The Most Excellent

The Most Excellent (Spanish: Excelentísimo Señor (male) or Excelentísima Señora (female), literally "Most Excellent Sir/Madam") is an honorific  prefix that is traditionally applied to certain people in Spain and certain Spanish-speaking countries. Following Spanish tradition, it is an ex officio style (the holder has it as long as they remain in office, in the most important positions of state) and is used in written documents and very formal occasions.

The prefix is similar (but not equal) to that of "His/Her Excellency", but in the 19th century "The Most Excellent" began to replace the former.

The proper use of the prefix Excellency was re-introduced in Francoist Spain by Generalísimo Francisco Franco himself, who was formally styled as Su Excelencia el Jefe del Estado ("His Excellency The Head of State"), while his ministers and senior government officials continued using the prefix "The Most Excellent".

The prefix "The Most Illustrious" (Ilustrísimo/a Señor/a) is the lower version, and is mostly used for non-Grandee titled nobles in Spain and some other officeholders.

Spanish culture
Albert Frick

Albert Frick (born 21 October 1948) is a politician from Liechtenstein, member of the Progressive Citizens' Party, and the current President of the Landtag of Liechtenstein since March 2013.

References 

1948 births
Living people
The Rocket

The Rocket was a locomotive made by English engineers George and Robert Stephenson.

References

Locomotives
South West Papua Province

South West Papua is a new province planned in West Papua or West Papua. The governor Dominggus Mandacan, as Governor of West Papua or West Papua, Indonesia has stated that Southwest Papua is ready to be made a new province. according to the expectations of the people of the Sorong Raya region because the expansion of the new autonomous regions of Southwest Papua is to shorten service distances and encourage development for the welfare of the community.

Background 
Southwest Papua has been striving to become a separate province since 2004, Indonesia is the largest archipelagic country in the world consisting of thousands of islands. One of them is the island of Papua which is rich in natural potential and tourism potential, beautiful like pearls that radiate from eastern Indonesia. Papua Island consists of the provinces of Papua and West Papua provinces. Along with the rapid development of the region from the east, Papua is planned to be divided into 5 large provinces, the current 2 provinces namely Papua Province (Jayapura) and West Papua Province (Manokwari) plus the planned new provinces are Southwest Papua Province, the capital city of Sorong, Central Papua in Nabire and The capital city of South Papua Province is Merauke.

Administrative area 
The candidate for the provincial capital is City of Sorong. Districts that may join this province include:
 Sorong City (expansion plan)
 Raja Ampat Regency
 Sorong Regency
 South Sorong Regency
 Maybrat District
 Tambrauw Regency

Reference 

Proposed provinces in Indonesia
Dazed

Dazed (formerly Dazed & Confused) is a bi-monthly British style magazine founded in 1991.  It covers music, fashion, film, art, and literature. Dazed is published by Dazed Media, an independent media group known for producing stories across its print, digital and video brands. The company's portfolio includes titles AnOther, Dazed Beauty and NOWNESS. The company's newest division, Dazed Studio, creates brand campaigns across the luxury and lifestyle sectors. Based in London, its founding editors are Jefferson Hack and fashion photographer Rankin along with former art director Ian C Taylor.

Background
Dazed was begun by Jefferson Hack, Ian C Taylor and Rankin in collaboration with the photographers Jamie Parissis and Marshall Aver while they were studying at London College of Printing (now London College of Communications). Beginning as a black-and-white folded poster the magazine soon turned full colour and was promoted at London club nights. The Norwegian photographer and later Hells Angel Marcel Lelienhof was involved with the magazine in the first editions, as was the stylist Katie Grand
. 

Today it is an independent youth culture magazine, distributed globally, covering fashion, art, music and lifestyle. There has been some discussion regarding the choice of title, but it is generally considered to have been inspired by the Led Zeppelin song of the same name.

References 

1991 establishments in the United Kingdom
Magazines of the United Kingdom
South Papua

South Papua is the planned new province in Papua. Tito Karnavian, as Minister of Home Affairs Indonesia has stated that South Papua is ready to become a new province. The districts that joined the new province candidates consisted of 4 districts and 1 municipality (under the expansion plan).

Background 
South Papua has been struggling to become a separate province since 2002 and was again proposed to be a province in 2020. This is because the Government of Indonesia wants the people of Papua to progress. The expansion of South Papua Province was originally planned to consist of five regencies, namely Asmat Regency, Boven Digoel Regency, Mappi Regency, Bintang Bintang Regency, and Merauke Regency . However, based on regional considerations, Bintang Mountains Regency then chose to resign due to the closer distance to Jayapura City.

Administrative area 
The candidate for the provincial capital is City of Merauke. Districts that may join this province include:
 City of Merauke (expansion plan)
 Merauke Regency
 Asmat Regency
 Boven Digoel District
 Mappi County

Reference 

Proposed provinces in Indonesia
Kat Cressida

Kat Cressida born (born March 1, 1968) is American voice actress, actress, comedian, clown, jester and mime. She is best known for voicing Dee Dee in Dexter’s Laboratory.

1968 births
Living people
American voice actors
American television actors
American movie actors
Actors from Berkeley, California
Comedians from California
Samson Baidoo

Samson Baidoo (born 31 March 2004 in Graz) is an Austrian professional footballer. He plays as a defender for 2. Liga club Liefering and the UEFA Youth League team of FC Salzburg.

Career
He played in the youth teams of Post SV Graz and Grazer AK. 2018 he came to the Red Bull Academy. 2021 he went on to FC Liefering.

National team
He played for Austria U15, U16, U17 and U18.

Career statistics

Club

Notes

References

2004 births
Living people
Austrian footballers
Players of FC Liefering
Spanish exonyms

This is a list of Spanish language exonyms.

Algeria

Andorra

Australia

Austria

Belgium

Bulgaria

China

Cyprus

Czechia

Denmark

Egypt

Estonia

France

Georgia

Germany

Greece

Haiti

Israel

Italy

Latvia

Lebanon

Libya

Lithuania

Morocco

Netherlands

Poland

Portugal

Russia

Serbia

South Africa

Spain

Sweden

Switzerland

Syria

Trinidad and Tobago

Turkey

Ukraine

United Kingdom

United States

References

Lists of exonyms
Exonyms
They Who Dare

They Who Dare is a 1954 British World War II action movie directed by Lewis Milestone and starring Dirk Bogarde, Denholm Elliott, Akim Tamiroff, Harold Siddons, Eric Pohlmann, Gérard Oury, Sam Kydd, Peter Burton, Eileen Way.

Other websites

1954 movies
1950s war movies
1950s action movies
British action movies
British war movies
World War II movies
Movies directed by Lewis Milestone
Tomáš Masaryk

Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk (7 March 185014 September 1937) was a Czechoslovak politician, statesman, sociologist, and philosopher. Until 1914, he advocated restructuring the Austro-Hungarian Empire into a federal state. With the help of the Allied Powers, Masaryk gained independence for a Czechoslovak Republic as World War I ended in 1918. He co-founded Czechoslovakia together with Milan Rastislav Štefánik and Edvard Beneš and served as its first president.

Notes

1850 births
1937 deaths
Czech politicians
Vice-Chancellor of Germany

The vice-chancellor of Germany, inofficially the vice-chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany (), officially the deputy to the federal chancellor (), is the second highest ranking German cabinet member. The chancellor is the head of government and, according to the constitution, gives this title of deputy to one of the federal ministers. It is common that the title is given to the major minister provided by the (smaller) coalition partner.

In everyday politics, being a vice chancellor is more an honorary title. The vice-chancellor may head cabinet meetings when the chancellor is abroad. The function of vice chancellor is to use the specific constitutional powers of the chancellor in case that the chancellor is unable to perform his or her duties. This kind of substitution has never been made use of in the history of the Federal Republic.

Should a chancellor resign, die or be permanently unable to perform his or her duties, the vice chancellor does not automatically become the next chancellor. In such a case the Federal President assigns a minister to serve as acting chancellor until the Bundestag (parliament) elects a new chancellor.).

Although  is the constitutional term, most Germans know the deputy by the expression Vice-Chancellor (). Chancellor () is the traditional term for the German head of government since 1867/71. A general deputy has been introduced only in 1878 by law (). In the Weimar Republic of 1919–1933, the office of  was mentioned in the internal reglement of the government. The current office or title has existed since the constitution of 1949.

The current vice-chancellor of Germany is Robert Habeck, who took office on 8 December 2021, succeeding Olaf Scholz, who gave up the role in order to become chancellor.

References
Franz Blücher

Franz Blücher (24 March 1896 – 26 March 1959) was a German politician and member of the German Parliament (Bundestag).

1896 births
1959 deaths
German politicians
Plazas de soberanía

The plazas de soberanía (, lit. "strongholds of sovereignty") is a term describing a series of Spanish overseas minor territories scattered along the Mediterranean coast bordering Morocco or that are closer to Africa than Europe. This term is used for those territories that have been a part of Spain since the formation of the modern country (1492–1556), as opposed to African territories acquired by Spain during the 19th and early 20th centuries in the Scramble for Africa.

Historically, a distinction was made between the so-called "major places of sovereignty", comprising the autonomous cities of Ceuta and Melilla, and the "minor places of sovereignty", referring to a number of islands (and a small peninsula) along the coast. In the present, the term refers mainly to the latter.
Plectrohyla calvata

The Honduras spikethumb frog (Plectrohyla calvata) is a frog that lives in Honduras.  It lives in pine-oak forests.  Scientists have seen it between 1900 and 2500 meters above sea level in cloud forests.

References

Frogs
Animals of North America
Eduardo Ferro Rodrigues

Eduardo Luís Barreto Ferro Rodrigues  (born 3 November 1949) is a Portuguese politician and economist who has been President of the Assembly of the Republic since 2015, in the 13th (2015–2019) and 14th Legislatures (2019–present). He was Minister for Social Security, and later Minister for Public Works, in the governments of António Guterres.

1949 births
Economists
Living people
Portuguese politicians
Portuguese writers
Portuguese escudo

The Portuguese escudo was the currency of Portugal prior to the introduction of the euro on 1 January 1999 and the removal of the escudo from circulation on 28 February 2002.  The escudo was subdivided into 100 . The word  derives from the scutum shield.

Amounts in escudos were written as    with the  as the decimal separator (for example:  means ,  means ). Because of the conversion rate of 1000  = , three decimal places were initially used ( = ).
Mammendorf

Mammendorf is a municipality in Bavaria, Germany. It is halfway between Munich and Augsburg.

Place

Mammendorf is part of Fürstenfeldbruck, Upper Bavaria and is about 6 kilometres northwest of the city of Fürstenfeldbruck. The towns Nannhofen and Peretshofen are part of the municipality of Mammendorf.

Geography

The Maisach River flows through Mammendorf.

References

Fürstenfeldbruck (district)
Mittelstetten

Mittelstetten is a municipality in Fürstenfeldbruck in Bavaria in Germany.

References

Fürstenfeldbruck (district)
Moorenweis

Moorenweis is a municipality in Fürstenfeldbruck in Bavaria in Germany.

References

Fürstenfeldbruck (district)
Oberschweinbach

Oberschweinbach is a municipality  in Fürstenfeldbruck in Bavaria in Germany.

References

Fürstenfeldbruck (district)
County of Portugal

The County of Portugal (; in documents of the period the name used was Portugalia) refers to two successive medieval counties in the region around Braga and Porto, today corresponding to littoral northern Portugal, within which the identity of the Portuguese people formed.  The first county existed from the mid-ninth to the mid-eleventh centuries as a vassalage of the Kingdom of Asturias and later the Kingdoms of Galicia and León, before being abolished as a result of rebellion. A larger entity under the same name was then reestablished in the late 11th century and subsequently elevated by its count in the mid-12th century into an independent Kingdom of Portugal.

References

History of Portugal
Battle of Ourique

The Battle of Ourique () was a battle that took place on 25 July 1139, in which the forces of Portuguese count Afonso Henriques (of the House of Burgundy) defeated those led by the Almoravid governor of Córdoba, Muhammad Az-Zubayr Ibn Umar, identified as "King Ismar" in Christian chronicles.
Qaid

Qaid ( , "commander"; pl. ), also spelled kaid or caïd, is a word meaning "commander" or "leader." It was a title in the Norman kingdom of Sicily, applied to palatine officials and members of the curia, usually to those who were Muslims or converts to Islam. The word entered the Latin language as  or . Later the word was used in North Africa for the governor of a fortress or the warden of a prison, also in Spain and Portugal in the form with the definite article "alcayde" (Spanish) "alcaide" (Portuguese). It is also used as a male Arabic given name.
Domingos Sequeira

Domingos António de Sequeira (Lisbon; 10 March 1768Rome; 8 March 1837) was a famous Portuguese painter at the Royal Court of King John VI of Portugal.
Ourique

Ourique () is a city in the District of Beja in Portugal. The population in 2011 was 5,389, in an area of 663.31 km2.

This town is traditionally considered the site of the famous Battle of Ourique in 1139, which saw the forces of Portuguese Prince Afonso Henriques defeat a Muslim Almoravid force. The present Mayor is Marcelo Guerreiro, elected by the Socialist Party, who became the youngest Mayor in Portugal, aged 25, in 2015. The municipal holiday is September 8.
Aeronca C-3

The Aeronca C-3 is a light aircraft build by Aeronca in the 1930s. Its made in the United States and there's a number of 400 build.

Variants 

 C-3
 C-3 Master
 Aeronca 100
 Aeronca 300
 Ely 700

Surviving aircraft 

 A-125 – C-3 on display at the Western North Carolina Air Museum in Hendersonville, North Carolina.
 A-189 – C-3 airworthy at the Western Antique Aeroplane & Automobile Museum in Hood River, Oregon. It is a floatplane and was built in 1931.
 A-194 – C-3 in storage at the Reynolds-Alberta Museum in Wetaskiwin, Alberta. It was built in 1931.
 A-215 – C-3 airworthy at the Western Antique Aeroplane & Automobile Museum in Hood River, Oregon. It was built in 1932.
 A-246 – PC-3 airworthy at the Eagles Mere Air Museum in Eagles Mere, Pennsylvania.
 A-258 – C-3 on static display at the San Diego Air & Space Museum in San Diego, California.
 A-288 – C-3 under restoration at the Wright Experience in Warrenton, Virginia.
 A-600 – C-3 airworthy with Paul A. Gliddon in Goathland, North Yorkshire.
 A-603 – C-3 airworthy with John Illsley. It was flown to South Africa from England in 1936.
 A-610 – C-3 airworthy with Nicholas S. Chittenden in Lostwithiel, Cornwall.
 A-614 – C-3 on display at the Yanks Air Museum in Chino, California.
 A-668 – C-3 airworthy at the EAA AirVenture Museum in Oshkosh, Wisconsin.
 A-673 – C-3B airworthy at the Port Townsend Aero Museum in Port Townsend, Washington. It was built in 1936.
 A-695 – C-3 on static display in the terminal building at Lunken Airport in Cincinnati, Ohio.
 A-717 – C-3 airworthy at the Golden Age Air Museum in Bethel, Pennsylvania. It is marked as NC17404.
 A-730 – C-3 airworthy at the Frasca Air Museum in Urbana, Illinois.
 A-754 – C-3 airworthy at Cole Palen's Old Rhinebeck Aerodrome in Red Hook, New York. It is registered as N17447.
 AB105 – Aeronca 100 airworthy with the Wingnut Syndicate in Warkworth, Auckland.
 526 – C-3 in storage at the Shannon Air Museum in Fredericksburg, Virginia.
 623 – C-3 airworthy at the Golden Wings Flying Museum in Blaine, Minnesota.
 Unknown ID – C-3 under restoration at the Aeronca Museum in Brighton, Michigan.
 Unknown ID – C-3 on display at the Wings of History Museum in San Martin, California.
 Unknown ID – C-3 under restoration at Generations in Aviation in Jacksonville, Florida. Built in 1932. registered NC12496
 Unknown ID – C-3 on static display at the Florida Air Museum in Lakeland, Florida.

Aircraft
Aeronca K

The Aeronca K is an American aircraft made by Aeronca in 1937. The aircraft is still in use and there are 357 made.

Variants 

 Model K - with Aeronca E-113C engine.
 Model KC - with Continental A-40 engine.
 Model KCA - with Continental A-50 engine.

Aircraft
Welch OW-6M

The Welch OW-6M is an American aircraft made by Welch aircraft industry in 1931.

Variants 

 OW-5M
 Powered by a 40hp (30kW) Continental A-40-4 engine. Type Certificate held by the Hartmann Aircraft Corporation and sometimes described as the Hartmann OW-5M. 38 aircraft
 OW-6M
 Powered by a 37hp (28kW) Aeronca E-113-B engine. Type Certificate held by Stewart Aircraft Industries and sometimes described as the Stewart OW-6M. 7 aircraft
 OW-6S
 OW-6 with 45hp Szekely SR-30 and experimental, two-speed gear-reduction system regn. no NX14521, c/n 110.
 OW-7M
 Powered by a 45hp (36kW) Welch O-2 engine. 8 aircraft
 OW-8M
 Powered by a Franklin 4-AC-150 engine. 2 aircraft
 OW-9M
 Proposed variant with a Lycoming O-145, not built.
 Welch ACE Falcon
 A prototype fitted with an 60hp Anzani radial engine

Aircraft
Ferrofluid

A ferrofluid is a liquid that will react to a magnetic field without becoming solid. Usually it contains small magnetic particles in a suspension.

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Magnetism
Continental A-40

The Continental A-40 is an aircraft engine made by Continental Motors and is especially made for light aircraft.

Variants 
A40

 A40-2
 A-40-3
 A40-4
 A40-5

Users 

 Aeronca KC
 Arup S-2
 Heath Parasol LNA-40
 Nicholson Junior KN-2
 Piper J-3 Cub
 Porterfield CP-40 Zephyr
 Rose Parakeet
 Taylor E-2 Cub
 Taylor J-2 Cub
 Welch OW-5M

Aircraft engines
Olching

Olching is a town in Fürstenfeldbruck, in Bavaria, Germany. It is about 20 km (12 mi) northwest of Munich.

Geography
Olching is about halfway between Dachau and Fürstenfeldbruck, and stretches along both sides of the River Amper. There are two lakes to the east of Olching, the Olchinger See (Lake Olching) and Kleiner See (Small Lake), both of which border on the neighbouring community of Gröbenzell.

Twin towns – sister cities
Olching is twinned with:
 Feurs, France
 Tuchola, Poland

References

The initial text content of this site is based upon the German language Wikipedia entry for Olching, Olching in German Wikipedia

Other websites
Homepage of the Gemeinde Olching
Gymnasium Olching
Grundschule Graßlfing
Volkshochschule Olching
Golfclub-olching.de
SC Olching
TSV Geiselbullach
SV Esting News
Olching ("Oiching") in the Bavarian Wikipedia

Fürstenfeldbruck (district)
Continental A-50

The Continental A-40 is an aircraft engine made by Continental Motors and is especially made for light aircraft.

Variants 

 A50
 A50-1
 A50-2
 A50-3
 A50-4
 A50-5
 A50-6
 A50-7

Users 

 Aeronca KCA
 Aeronca 50C
 Aeronca 50TC
 Aeronca S50C
 Luscombe 8
 Piper J-3
 Piper J-4
 Porterfield CP50
 Porterfield CP55
 Taylorcraft BC
 Taylorcraft BCS

Aircraft engines
Socialist Party (Portugal)

The Socialist Party is a social-democratic political party in Portugal. It was founded in-exile on 19 April 1973 in the German city of Bad Münstereifel by members from the Portuguese Socialist Action during the Estado Novo era. Partido Socialista is a member of the Socialist International and Progressive Alliance. It is also a member of Party of European Socialists regionally in Europe. It has nine members in the European Parliament within the Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats group during the 9th European Parliament.

The part is considered centre-left and is one of the two major parties in Portuguese politics, its rival being the Social Democratic Party (PSD) on the centre-right. The leader of the PS is António Costa, the current Prime Minister of Portugal. The party has 108 of 230 seats in the Portuguese parliament following the October 2019 election, forming a minority government.

References

Social democratic parties in Europe
Portugal
1973 establishments in Europe
Afonso VI of Portugal

Afonso VI (; 21 August 164312 September 1683), known as "the Victorious" (), was the second King of Portugal of the House of Braganza from 1656 until his death. He was initially under the regency of his mother, Luisa of Medina-Sidonia, until 1662, when he removed her to a convent and took power with the help of his favourite, the Count of Castelo Melhor.

Afonso's reign saw the end of the Restoration War (1640–68) and Spain's recognition of Portugal's independence. He also negotiated a French alliance through his marriage. However, the king was physically and mentally weak. In 1668, his brother Pedro conspired to have him declared incapable of ruling, and took supreme de facto power as regent, although nominally Afonso was still sovereign. Queen Marie Françoise, Afonso's wife, received an annulment and subsequently married Pedro. Afonso spent the rest of his life and reign practically a prisoner.
John of Austria the Younger

John Joseph of Austria or John of Austria (the Younger) () (7 April 162917 September 1679) was a Spanish general and political figure. He was the only illegitimate son of Philip IV of Spain to be acknowledged by the King and trained for military command and political administration. Don John advanced the causes of the Spanish Crown militarily and diplomatically at Naples, Sicily, Catalonia, the Netherlands, Portugal, Dunkirk and other fronts.  He was the governor of the Southern Netherlands from 1656 to 1659. He remained a popular hero even as the fortunes of Imperial Spain began to decline. His feuds with his father's widow, Queen Mariana, led to a 1677 palace coup through which he exiled Mariana and took control of the monarchy of his half-brother Charles II of Spain. However, he proved far from the savior Spain had hoped he would be. He remained in power until his death in 1679.
Prazeres Cemetery

Prazeres Cemetery () is one of the largest cemeteries in Lisbon, Portugal; it is located in the freguesia (civil parish) of Estrela, in western Lisbon (formerly, within the parish of Prazeres). It is considered to be one of the most beautiful and famous cemeteries in the world. It is home to the Mausoleum of the Dukes of Palmela, the largest mausoleum in Europe.

Prazeres Cemetery is the resting place for many famous personalities, including Prime Ministers and Presidents of Portugal, notable literary figures such as author Ramalho Ortigão, famous artists like painters Columbano Bordalo Pinheiro or Roque Gameiro, prominent musical figures like pianist Alexandre Rey Colaço or composer João Domingos Bomtempo, and numerous other notable burials, especially from the Portuguese nobility.
Estrela (Lisbon)

Estrela () is a freguesia (civil parish) and district of Lisbon, the capital of Portugal. Located in the historic center of Lisbon, Estrela is south of Campo de Ourique, west of Misericórdia, and east of Alcântara. The population in 2011 was 20,128.
Maurits Kjaergaard

Maurits Kjaergaard (born 26 June 2003) is a Danish professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Austrian Bundesliga club FC Red Bull Salzburg  and for FC Liefering in the 2nd Austrian league.

Career
He started his career with Lyngby BK. 2019 he went on to FC Red Bull Salzburg. In the beginning he played for the feeder club FC Liefering. He made his debut for Liefering in August 2019 versus SV Horn when he came in for Jung-Min Kim in minute 64.
In February 2021 he made his debut for FC Red Bull Salzburg.

Nationalteam
Kjaergaard played for Denmarks U16, U17, U19 and U21.

Honours
Red Bull Salzburg 
Austrian Bundesliga: 2020–21
Austrian Cup: 2020–21

References

2003 births
Living people
Danish footballers
Players of FC Liefering
FC Red Bull Salzburg players
Jjimjilbang

Jjimjilbang or jimjilbang are Korean spas.  They have bathtubs, heated floors, and hot kiln rooms that are like saunas.  Some of them have pools or massages.

There are two types of warmth in a jjimjilbang: heated floors and heated rooms similar to saunas.

Architecture

Some jjimjilbang in Korea today are open all day and night.  In some jjimjilbang, travelers can buy a place to sleep for the night, like in a hotel.

It costs about ￦5000 to to go to a jjimjilbang and about ￦8000 to sleep there overnight (US$5 to $8).  People come to a jjimjilbang and take off their shoes to walk on the heated floor.  They put all their clothes in lockers.  Then they take showers with soap before going into any of the pools or saunas.

People make jjimjilbang out of different things for different reasons.  People think bathing in a jjimjilbang made of clay may remove toxins from the body.  People think bathing in a jjimjilbang made of jade may stop pain in the joints, for example the knees.

Today, some jjimijilbang also have fitness centers and rooms for arcade games, movies, the Internet, and fitness centers. Some jjimjilbang let people wear shorts and t-shirts to the entertainment areas but not in the water.

History

Jjimjilbang came from the natural hot springs in Korea.  The first jjimjilbang may have been in the Joseon era (late 1300s to late 1800s).

Pictures

Related pages
Onsen
Sentō
Sauna
Banya
Hammam

References

Korean culture
Hygiene
Vahid Takro

Vahid Takro (born in Tehran) is a Persian human rights and anti-war activist in addition to blogger and musician. In getting to release a music album called Third Eye, he accidentally created the "Third Eye" Peace Project which included a powerful poster reading "Open Your Third Eye To A New World, We Can Be Peaceful."  In early 2015, He created the idea of a Third Eye. It was originally intended to be a cover of a music album, the name of this album was also “Third Eye”, but for some reason this album has not been released. The “Third Eye” cover was captured by a French photography company. Makeup and arrangement of this cover has been done with the same company.

During the period when this cover was released on Vahid Takro’s social networks, the reaction of his followers was very different. Some claimed that blood on the face did not represent the true meaning of peace, and some were against this belief, but it had to be explained that it was already intended to be a music cover. Judgment and perception of the meaning of this image is placed on the viewers themselves. But inner eye is what Vahid Takro has repeatedly referred to. Something that may give him a political meaning, an eye that needs to see bitter events, the events that may be happening to a war-torn child, also blood on the face points to this issue.

References 

Living people
Activists
Peace
New Brighton, Minnesota

New Brighton is a city in Ramsey County, Minnesota, United States.

Cities in Minnesota
North Oaks, Minnesota

North Oaks is a city in Ramsey County, Minnesota, United States.

Cities in Minnesota
Arup S-2

The Arup S-2 is an aircraft that is made by Arup in 1933 and has a wierd wing named the low aspect ratio wing.

Specifications 
General characteristics

 Length: 17 ft (5.2 m)
 Wingspan: 19 ft (5.8 m)
 Wing area: 211 sq ft (19.6 m2)
 Airfoil: NACA M6
 Empty weight: 780 lb (354 kg)
 Engine: 1 × Continental A-40 , 36 hp (27 kW)

Performance

 Maximum speed: 84 kn (97 mph, 156 km/h)
 Stall speed: 20 kn (23 mph, 37 km/h)

Aircraft
North St. Paul, Minnesota

North St. Paul is a city in Ramsey County, Minnesota, United States.

Cities in Minnesota
Shoreview, Minnesota

Shoreview is a city in Ramsey County, Minnesota, United States.

Cities in Minnesota
Vadnais Heights, Minnesota

Vadnais Heights is a city in Ramsey County, Minnesota, United States.

Cities in Minnesota
Heath Parasol LNA-40

The Heath Parasol is an American home made aircraft made by Edward Bayard Heath in 1926.

Variants 

 Prototype  - Home made version.
 CA-1 Parasol - Wing with square tips.
 CA-1A Super Parasol - Bigger wing span.
 V-Parasol - V-form wing struts.
 LNB-4 Parasol - Bigger wing span and N-form struts.
 LNA-40 Parasol - V-form struts and Continental A40 engine.

Surviving aircraft 

 There is a LNB-4 Parasol on display at the New England Air Museum, Bradley International Airport, Windsor Locks, CT.
 The Museum of Flight, Seattle, WA, owns a Parasol. It is currently at their Restoration Center in Everett, WA. 

Aircraft
Mirandese language

The Mirandese language or lhéngua mirandesa is an Astur-Leonese language or language variety that is sparsely spoken in a small area of northeastern Portugal in Terra de Miranda (made up of the municipalities of Miranda do Douro, Mogadouro and Vimioso).

Recognition
The Assembly of the Republic granted it official recognition alongside Portuguese for local matters on 17 September 1998 with the law 7/99 of 29 January 1999. In 2001, Mirandese was officially recognised by the European Bureau for Lesser-Used Languages, which aims to promote the survival of the least spoken European languages.

Roots
Mirandese has a distinct phonology, morphology and syntax. It has its roots in the local Vulgar Latin spoken in the northern Iberian Peninsula.

Mirandese is a descendant of the Astur-Leonese variety spoken in the Kingdom of León and has both archaisms and innovations that differentiate it from the modern varieties of Astur-Leonese spoken in Spain. In recognition of these differences, and due to its political isolation from the rest of the Astur-Leonese speaking territory, Mirandese has adopted a different written norm to the one used in Spain for Astur-Leonese.

References 

Languages of Europe
Romance languages
Marienplatz

Marienplatz (English: Mary's Square, i.e. St. Mary, Our Lady's Square) is a central square in the centre of Munich, Germany. It has been the city's main square since 1158.

References

Other websites 
 Official site – (in German)
 Marienplatz 360° Panorama

Buildings and structures in Munich
Nicholson Junior KN-2

The Nicholson Junior KN-2 was an aircraft made in the late 1920s. It was used for flight training in the United States. Only 1 aircraft was built.

Specifications

General characteristics 

 Crew: one
 Capacity: one passenger or student
 Length: 23 ft (7.0 m)
 Wingspan: 37 ft (11 m)
 Wing area: 190 sq ft (18 m2) plus 21.5 sq ft (2.00 m2) ailerons
 Empty weight: 540 lb (245 kg)
 Fuel capacity: 11 US gal (9.2 imp gal; 42 l)
 Engine: 1 × Continental A40 flat four or Szekely SR-3 3 cylinder radial engine
 Propellers: 2-bladed

Performance 

 Maximum speed: 85 mph (137 km/h, 74 kn)
 Cruise speed: 75 mph (121 km/h, 65 kn)
 Landing speed: 28 mph (45 km/h; 24 kn)
 Take-off time: 8 s
 Range: 315 mi (507 km, 274 nmi)
 Service ceiling: 10,000 ft (3,000 m)

Aircraft
SpVgg Unterhaching

Spielvereinigung Unterhaching () is a German sports club in Unterhaching, a municipality on the southern parts of the Bavarian capital Munich. The club is known for playing in the first-division association football league Bundesliga with Bayern Munich and 1860 Munich, for two seasons between 1999 and 2001. The football team plays in the Regionalliga (fourth tier).

Honours
The club's honours:

League
 2. Bundesliga (II)
 Runners-up: 1999
 Regionalliga Süd (III)
 Champions: 1995, 2003
 Bayernliga (III)
 Champions: 1983, 1988, 1989, 1992
 Runners-up: 1991
 Regionalliga Bayern (IV)
 Champions: 2017
 Landesliga Bayern-Süd (IV)
 Champions: 1981
 Runners-up: 2001‡
 Bezirksoberliga Oberbayern (VI)
 Champions: 1999‡

Cup
 Bavarian Cup
 Winners: 2008, 2012, 2015
 Runners-up: 2016
 Oberbayern Cup
 Winners: 2004‡, 2008, 2009

Youth
 Bavarian Under 19 championship
 Champions: 2004, 2008, 2011
 Runners-up: 2007, 2015, 2016
 Bavarian Under 17 championship
 Champions: 2002, 2004, 2011, 2016
 Runners-up: 2007, 2009
 Bavarian Under 15 championship
 Champions: 2011
 Runners-up: 1993, 2004, 2006, 2013, 2015, 2016
 ‡ Reserve team

Players

Current squad

Out on loan

Recent managers
Recent managers of the club:

Recent seasons
The recent season-by-season performance of the club:

With the introduction of the Regionalligas in 1994 and the 3. Liga in 2008 as the new third tier, below the 2. Bundesliga, all leagues below dropped one tier.

Key

Stadium
SpVgg Unterhaching's home stadium is the municipal Stadion am Sportpark (capacity 15,053), now known as Alpenbauer Sportpark under a sponsorship agreement with the club.

References

Other websites

The Abseits Guide to German Soccer
SpVgg Unterhaching profile at Weltfussball.de

1920s establishments in Germany
1925 establishments in Europe
German football clubs
Piper J-3 Cub

The Piper J-3 Cub is an American light aircraft that was built between 1938 and 1947 by Piper Aircraft.The Cub is Piper Aircraft's most-produced model, with nearly 20,000 built in the United States.

Variants

Civil 

 J-3
 J3C-40
 J3C-50
 J3C-50S
 J3C-65
 J3C-65S
 J3F-50
 J3F-50S
 J3F-60
 J3F-60S
 J3F-65
 J3F-65S
 J3L
 J3L-S
 J3L-65
 J3L-65S
 J3P
 J-3R
 J-3X
 Cammandre 1
 Poullin J.5A
 Poullin J.5B
 Wagner Twin Cub

Military 

 YO-59
 O-59
 O-59A
 L-4
 L-4A
 L-4B
 L-4C
 L-4D
 L-4H
 L-4J
 UC-83A
 TG-8
 LNP
 NE-1
 NE-2

Aircraft
Get Weird

Get Weird is the third studio album by British girl group Little Mix. It was released on 6 November 2015, through Syco Music and Columbia Records. The album is a departure from the urban sound of the group's previous album Salute (2013), and features a more dance-pop, synth-pop and R&B sound to it.

Critical reception

Get Weird received generally positive reviews from music critics.

Track listing

Notes
 signifies an additional producer.
"A.D.I.D.A.S." contains elements from "Hold On, We're Going Home" by Drake.

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

Decade-end charts

Certifications

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Release history

References 

2015 albums
Dance-pop albums
Synth-pop
R&B albums
Helicopter-triggered lightning strikes

Helicopter-triggered lightning strikes is when a "helicopter itself [... is a main reason for a] lightning strike [... or hit. Other reasons] are needed to create the right conditions for helicopter"-"triggered lightning, which has been observed in [... the] North Sea [... and] sea near Japan".

These lightning strikes happen especially when there is snow fall and the temperature is around 0 degrees celsius.

The phenomenon has been studied for several years (as of 2015).

Sources

Other websites

[all helicopter traffic, to and from the North Sea, has been stopped]. All helikopter-trafikk til og fra Nordsjøen står (2 December 2021)

Aviation
Helicopters
Roberto Fico

Roberto Fico (; born 10 October 1974) is an Italian politician and member of the Five Star Movement serving as President of the Italian Chamber of Deputies since 2018. Previously, he was the Chairman of the RAI Supervision Commission from 2013 to 2018.

References

1974 births
Living people
Presidents of the Chamber of Deputies (Italy)
Fuorigrotta

Fuorigrotta "Outside the grotto") is a western suburb of Naples, southern Italy.
Covering an area of 6,2 km2, it is the most populated suburb of the city (76.521 people).

It lies beyond the Posillipo hill and has been joined to the main body of Naples by two traffic tunnels through that hill since the early 20th century.

It is the site of the Stadio San Paolo, home to the Serie A team S.S.C. Napoli. It is also the site of the new Monte Sant'Angelo campus of the University of Naples.

Etymology and History 
It owes its name to its position "outside the grotto". Since Roman times, one or more tunnels connected it with the district of Mergellina.

The oldest tunnel is a Roman one, the Crypta Neapolitana, connecting Fuorigrotta with Piedigrotta. In Roman times, it connected Naples to the road that led to Pozzuoli and to area of the Campi Flegrei.
 
Fuorigrotta has been a rural district until the Fascist era. The urban asset of the area was radically changed by the Fascist government since 1936, first by building the viale Augusto and by locating in the area the Mostra d'Oltremare (one of the most important Italian fair ground) and then by the construction of the Santa Maria Immacolata church.
During this period many streets changed their names into Roman inspired ones: viale Augusto, via Giulio Cesare, via Caio Duilio etc.

After World War II, Fuorigrotta underwent intense urban expansion and became the most densely populated area of the city.

Naples
Porterfield CP-40 Zephyr

The Porterfield Collegiate is an American training aircraft made by Porterfield Aircraft Corporation in 1936. They are still in service and there are a number of 476 aircrafts build.

Variants 

 CP-40 Zephyr
 Original 40 hp (30 kW) Continental A40 powered version

CP-50

 Improved production variant with a 50hp (47kW) Continental A50-4 engine
 CP-55
 Revised engine cowling
 CP-65
 Powered by a 65hp (48kW) Continental A65-8 or -9 engine.
 FP-60
 Powered by a 60hp (45kW) Franklin 4AC-171-A1 engine.
 FP-65
 Powered by a 65hp (48kW) Franklin 4AC-176-B29 engine.
 LP-50
 Powered by a 50hp (37kW) Lycoming O-145-A1 engine.
 LP-55
 Powered by a 55hp (41kW) Lycoming O-145-A3 engine.
 LP-65
 Powered by a 65hp (48kW) Lycoming O-145-B1 or B2 engine.

Aircraft
Rose Parakeet

The Rose Parrakeet was a sporting biplane produced in small numbers in the United States during the 1930s. It's made by the Rose Aeroplane and Motor Company.

Variants 

 Rose A-1 Parrakeet
 various engines fitted to the prototype, including a 40hp Continental A-40, a Henderson, and a 50hp Menasco. Eight built of -1,-2 and -3 versions
 Rose A-2F Parrakeet
 50hp Franklin.
 Rose A-2P Parrakeet
 50hp Poyer.
 Rose A-3F Parrakeet
 60hp Franklin.
 Rose A-4 Parrakeet
 Four built with Continental A-65 or Continental C-85 engines.
 Rhinehart-Rose A-4C Parrakeet
 Revived in the 1970s'fitted with a Continental O-200, five built.

Aircraft
Taylor E-2 Cub

The Taylor Cub was originally designed by C. Gilbert Taylor as a small, light and simple aircraft, evolved from the Arrowing Chummy. It is the forefather of the popular

Piper J-3 Cub, and total production of the Cub series was 23,512 aircraft. It has a Continental A-40 engine.

Variants 

 Taylor E-2
 Taylor E-2 Cub

Aircraft