cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Myopathy

Myopathy is a disease of the muscle in which the muscle fibers do not function properly. 

This results in muscular weakness. "Myopathy" simply means muscle disease (Greek myo- "muscle" + patheia < -pathy "suffering"). This meaning implies that the primary defect is within the muscle, as opposed to the nerves ("neuropathies" or "neurogenic" disorders) or elsewhere (e.g., the brain). Muscle cramps, stiffness, and spasm can also be associated with myopathy.

Muscular disease can be classified as neuromuscular or musculoskeletal in nature. Some conditions, such as myositis, can be considered both neuromuscular and musculoskeletal.

References

Diseases
Pierre Bergé

Pierre Bergé  (; 14 November 1930 – 8 September 2017) was a French industrialist and patron. He was the co-founder of Yves Saint Laurent Couture House and onetime life partner and longtime business partner of the late fashion designer Yves Saint Laurent.

Bergé was recognized with the Order of Orange-Nassau, Officer of the Ordre National du Mérite, Commandeur des Arts et des Lettres, and Legion of Honor.

Bergé died of myopathy on 8 September 2017, in Saint-Rémy-de-Provence, at the age of 86.

References

1930 births
2017 deaths
Disease-related deaths in France
French businesspeople
French LGBT people
LGBT rights activists
United States National Health Care Act

The United States National Health Care Act, or the Expanded and Improved Medicare for All Act () is a bill introduced in the United States House of Representatives by Representative John Conyers (D-MI). The bill had 49 cosponsors in 2015. As of August 12, 2017, it had 116 cosponsors, which amounts to a majority of the Democratic caucus in the House of Representatives and is the highest level of support the bill has ever received since Conyers began annually introducing the bill in 2003.

The act would create a universal single-payer health care system in the United States, the rough equivalent of Canada's Medicare and Taiwan's Bureau of National Health Insurance, among other examples. Under a single-payer system, most medical care would be paid for by the Government of the United States, ending the need for private health insurance and premiums, and probably recasting private insurance companies as providing purely supplemental coverage, to be used when non-essential care is sought.

The bill was first introduced in 2003, when it had 25 cosponsors, and has been reintroduced in each Congress since. During the 2009 health care debates over the bill that became the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, H.R. 676 was expected to be debated and voted upon by the House in September 2009, but was never debated.

The bill was introduced again recently by Rep. Conyers in the House of Representatives. Senator Bernie Sanders has said that he intends to introduce a parallel bill in the United States Senate in the future.

References

Health care
Energy policy

Energy policy means the way of conservation of energy and the means to conserve it. Energy has bought immense changes in human life. Thus energy conservation is gaining much momentum.

Energy
Blake Heron

Blake Heron (January 11, 1982 – September 8, 2017) was an American actor. He starred as Marty Preston in the 1996 movie Shiloh. He was born in Sherman Oaks, California. He also appeared in Cheaters, Boston Public (2000), Family Law (1999) and The Guardian, he took on the role of Specialist Galen Bungum in We Were Soldiers (2002).  He also appeared in Dandelion (2004).

Heron was found dead at his apartment by his girlfriend in Los Angeles, California on September 8, 2017, aged 35. In the days before his death, he was recovering from his heroin addiction and suffered from the flu.

References

Other websites

1982 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from influenza
American movie actors
American television actors
American child actors
Actors from Los Angeles
Toshi Ichiyanagi

is a Japanese composer of avant-garde music.

Ichiyanagi was born in Kobe, Japan.

One of his best known works is the 1960 composition Kaiki, which combined Japanese instruments, shō and koto, and western instruments, harmonica and saxophone.

Another work, Distance (1961), required the performers to play from a distance of three meters from their instruments. Anima 7 (1964) stated that chosen action should be performed "as slowly as possible".

Ichiyanagi was married to Yoko Ono from 1956 to 1963.

Ichiyanagi won the 33rd Suntory Music Award (2001). He has been honored with Japan's Order of Culture.

References

Other websites
 
 Julian Cope's Japrocksampler entry on Toshi Ichiyanagi 

1933 births
Living people
Japanese composers
Michael Moriarty

Michael Moriarty (born April 5, 1941) is an American-Canadian stage and screen actor and a jazz musician. He received an Emmy Award, a Tony Award and Golden Globe Award. He is known for his first acting role on American television as a Nazi SS officer in the 1978 mini-series Holocaust.

Moriarty played Executive Assistant District Attorney Benjamin Stone for the first four seasons (1990–1994) on the television show Law & Order. Moriarty is also known for his roles in movies such as Bang the Drum Slowly, Who'll Stop the Rain, Q: The Winged Serpent, The Stuff, Pale Rider, Troll, Courage Under Fire, and Shiloh.

References

Other websites
 
 
 Michael Moriarty  at the Internet Off-Broadway Database
 
 
Yahoo Movies: Michael Moriarty
Michael Moriarty UUU fan site (via archive.org): includes semi-regular blog posts by Moriarty
Michael Moriarty(Aveleyman)

Tony Award winning actors
Emmy Award winning actors
Golden Globe Award winning actors
1941 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
American stage actors
American jazz musicians
American pianists
Republicans (United States)
Canadian movie actors
Canadian television actors
Canadian voice actors
Canadian stage actors
Actors from Detroit, Michigan
Musicians from Detroit, Michigan
Actors from British Columbia
Musicians from British Columbia
American bloggers
Mícheál Ó Muircheartaigh

Mícheál Ó Muircheartaigh (; born 20 August 1930) is an Irish Gaelic games commentator for the Irish national radio and television, Raidió Teilifís. 

In a career that has lasted 60 years, he has come to be regarded as the "voice of Gaelic games." His prolific career has earned him a place in Guinness World Records.

References

Other websites

1930 births
Living people
Irish television presenters
Irish radio personalities
Trump: The Art of the Deal

Trump: The Art of the Deal is a 1987 book credited to businessman Donald Trump and journalist Tony Schwartz. Part memoir and part business-advice book. It was the first book published by Trump, Trump said that the book helped to make him a "household name". 

It reached number 1 on The New York Times Best Seller list, stayed there for 13 weeks, and altogether held a position on the list for 48 weeks.

The book received additional attention during Trump's 2016 campaign for the presidency of the United States. He said it as one of his proudest accomplishments and his second-favorite book after the Bible.

References

Donald Trump
1987 books
Megaflora

Megaflora (from Greek μέγας megas "huge" and Latin Flōra goddess of flowers, from flōs "flower") is the collective name of extremely large plant species. Examples of megaflora include the sequoias of California and a number of extinct plant species from the Mesozoic.

Plants
Luna Shamsuddoha

Luna Shamsuddoha (4 October – 17 February 2021) was a Bangladeshi Women Entrepreneur. She was the Chairman of the software firm Dohatec New Media, in Dhaka Bangladesh, which she founded in 1992. She was the first woman to head any state-owned bank in Bangladesh. She is the founder President of Bangladesh Women in Technology (BWIT). She has got ‘Bangladesh Business Award-2017’ for her exceptional contribution to the country’s economy and honored with `Annona Best 10 award' for her remarkable execution in local software industry as a women entrepreneur  She serves as board member of SME Foundation, Independent University Bangladesh (IUB), Director of state-owned Janata Bank Limited. She has joined as chairman of the state-owned Janata Bank Limited.

Early life and education
Shamsuddoha was born to Lutfar Rahman and Hasina Rahman on 4 October in Dhaka. She got her Secondary School certificate from Viqarunnisa Noon School and College and Higher Secondary School certificate from Holy Cross College. She has a master's degree in International Relations (IR) from University of Dhaka.

Career
She began business in 1985 as the Managing Partner of The Executive Center. Prior to that, she functioned as English Language Teacher at British Council Language Resource Center and as Lecturer, English Language, Institute of Modern Languages, Dhaka University. Her company is an Independent Software Vendor (ISV) and System Integrator. Dohatec provides software solutions to institutions, government agencies and corporations in USA, Canada, Germany, Switzerland, and Bangladesh. Dohatec’s key clients are The World Bank, World Health Organisation, US Postal Service, Government of Bangladesh and Bangladesh Army.

Personal life
Shamsuddoha was married to A. K. M. Shamsuddoha, a businessman in Dhaka. The couple had a daughter Reem Shamsuddoha.

Shamsuddoha died on 17 February 2021 in Dhaka.

Awards
 Bangladesh Business Award, 2017
 Honorary Special Recognition Award by Global Women Inventors & Innovators Network (GWIIN), 2013

References 

2021 deaths
Bangladeshi businesspeople
University of Dhaka

The University of Dhaka (ঢাকা বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়), also known as Dhaka University or simply DU), is the oldest university in modern Bangladesh. It was created in 1921 during the British Raj. It is important to the modern history of Bangladesh. After the Partition of India, the university was important to the progressive and democratic movements in Pakistan. Its students and teachers played a central role in the rise of Bengali nationalism and the independence of Bangladesh.

Today, it is the largest public university in Bangladesh, with a student body of 33,000 and a faculty of 1,800.

Other websites
Official website

References

Colleges and universities in Bangladesh
Bangladesh
Heiteren

Heiteren is a commune. It is found in the Haut-Rhin department of eastern France.

Communes in Haut-Rhin
Chingleput District (Madras Presidency)

Chingleput district was a district in the Madras Presidency of British India. It covered the area of the present-day districts of Kanchipuram and Tiruvallur and parts of Chennai city. It was sub-divided into six taluks with a total area of 7,970 square kilometres (3,079 sq mi). The first capital was the town of Karunguzhi, with an interruption between 1825 and 1835, administrative headquarters were transferred to Kanchipuram. In 1859 the region of Saidapet, now a neighbourhood in the city of Chennai, was made the administrative headquarters of the district.

History 
Excavations made by Robert Bruce Foote indicate that the region was inhabited in the Stone age. During the end of first millennium B. C, it was under the Thondaiman kings. The Pallavas with their capital at Kanchi came to power in about 500 A. D. When the Pallava kingdom began to decline, the region was conquered by the Western Gangas in about 760 A. D. Chingleput was ruled by the Rashtrakutas, Cholas and the Kakatiyas of Warangal until the 13th century AD when it fell to the Delhi Sultanate. Chingleput area was conquered by the Vijayanagar Empire which ruled the region from 1393 till 1565 and from 1565 till 1640 as the kingdom of Chandragiri.

The area was annexed by the Mughals in 1687 and was later conquered by the Nawab of the Carnatic. In 1763, Chingleput was ceded to the British East India Company by Mohammad Ali, the then Nawab of the Carnatic. It was the site of the Carnatic Wars and was frequently taken by Tipu Sultan during the last years of the 18th century.After the independence of India, the district became part in 1950 of the newly named Madras State. As a result of the 1956 States Reorganisation Act, the state's boundaries were re-organised following linguistic lines.

Population
As of 1901, Chingleput had a total population of 1,312,222. 96 percent of the population were Hindus while the rest where Christians and Muslims. About three-fourths of the people spoke Tamil as their mother tongue the remainder spoke Telugu. Due to its proximity to Madras city, there were also large numbers of Europeans in the district.

References

Districts of Madras Presidency
Coimbatore District (Madras Presidency)

Coimbatore district was one of the districts of the erstwhile Madras Presidency of British India. It covered the areas of the present-day districts of Coimbatore, Erode and Tirupur and the Kollegal taluk of present-day Karnataka. It covered a total area of 20,400 square kilometres (7,860 sq mi) and was sub-divided into 10 taluks. The administrative headquarters was Coimbatore city. Most of Coimbatore's inhabitants were Tamil-speaking but there were also large numbers of Malayalam, Telugu and Kannada speaking people.

History 
Coimbatore was a part of the ancient Chera kingdom during the Sangam Age. After the Chera kingdom fell, the region was ruled by the Western Gangas and the Hoysalas. Coimbatore came under Muslim rule in the 13th century AD and was a province of the Vijayanagar Empire. After the fall of the Vijayanagar Empire, Coimbatore was ruled by the Madurai Nayaks till 17th century. A series of wars between the Kingdoms of Kingdom of Mysore of Madurai Nayak dynasty resulted in the region coming under the control of Mysore kings till the defeat of Tipu Sultan in the Third Mysore War in 1792, Coimbatore became a part of British India.
The district was founded in 1805. In 1868 Nilgiri District was segregated. The Avinashi taluk was formed when Karur was separated from the district and merged with Trichinopoly District. In 1927 and 1929 other readjustments were made. In 1956 the Kollegal taluk was transferred to Mysore State.

References

Districts of Madras Presidency
Madura District (Madras Presidency)

Madura District was one of the districts of the Madras Presidency of British India. It covered the present-day districts of Madurai, Dindigul, Theni, Ramanathapuram, Sivagangai and parts of Virudhunagar District in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu.

History 
Madura district was the centre of the Pandya kingdom and its capital city of Madurai was flourishing ever since the Sangam period. In the 10th century AD, the region was conquered by the rising Chola power. The Pandyas governed as subordinate from the 10th to the 13th century AD when they asserted their independence and established their supremacy over the declining Cholas. After a short and progressive rule, the Pandyas were defeated by the Delhi Sultanate whose ruled Alauddin Khilji sacked Madura. The region was ruled by the Madurai Sultanate for some time before it was conquered by the Vijayanagar Empire. The Vijayanagar kings were succeeded by the Madurai Nayak kingdom whose demise in 1736 left behind a huge void. After a short period of anarchy, Madura was conquered by the British East India Company and the district of Madura was carved out.

Taluks 
Madura district was sub-divided into 15 taluks, including 5 zamindari taluks of Ramnad estate and 3 zamindari taluks of Sivaganga estate.

References

Districts of Madras Presidency
Gyposaurus

Gyposaurus (meaning "vulture lizard", referring to the outdated hypothesis that prosauropods were carnivores) is a genus of prosauropod from the early Jurassic of South Africa and China. It is usually considered to represent juveniles of other prosauropods, but "G." sinensis is regarded as a possibly valid species.

References

Saurischia
Ibadan

Ibadan is the capital of Oyo State, Nigeria. There are over 3 million people living in Ibadan which makes it the most populous city in Oyo state. It is the third most populous city in Nigeria, after Lagos and Kano. It is the largest city in the country by land size.

Ibadan is located in south-western Nigeria. Ibadan was the centre of administration of the old Western Region since the days of the British colonial rule, and parts of the city's ancient protective walls still stand to this day. The major inhabitants of the city are Yoruba, as well as various communities from other parts of the country.

Cities in Nigeria
Citipati

Citipati (pronounced  in Hindi, meaning 'funeral pyre lord') is a genus of oviraptorid theropod dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous Period of what is now Mongolia.

The type species, Citipati osmolskae, was described in 2001. A second, as yet unnamed species may also exist. Citipati is often confused with the similar Oviraptor

Feathered dinosaurs
Zapalasaurus

Zapalasaurus is a genus of dinosaur named after the city of Zapala. The type species, Zapalasaurus bonapartei, was found in Neuquén Province, Argentina. It was a diplodocoid, a long-necked herbivore, and it lived during the Early Cretaceous.

References 

Sauropodomorphs
Limaysaurus

Limaysaurus is a herbivorous rebbachisaurid sauropod dinosaur from Argentina.

Sauropods
Telmatosaurus

Telmatosaurus (meaning "marsh lizard") is a genus of basal hadrosaurid dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous. It was about five meters (16 ft) long. It was found in what is now Romania.

Hadrosauridae
Cretaceous dinosaurs
Dakotaraptor

Dakotaraptor is a genus of large carnivorous theropod dromaeosaurid dinosaur. It lived in the Late Cretaceous of North America.

Description

Size
Dakotaraptor was about  long. That makes it one of the largest dromaeosaurids known. 

Cretaceous dinosaurs
Latenivenatrix

Latenivenatrix (meaning "hiding hunter") is a genus of troodontid. It was previously identified as Troodon. 

Latenivenatrix has an estimated skull length of  and a size . This makes it the largest troodontid known.

References

Coelurosaurs
Cretaceous dinosaurs
Guarinisuchus

Guarinisuchus is an extinct genus of crocodyliform from the Late Cretaceous and Early Paleocene periods, 66-62 million years ago of the María Farinha Formation, Brazil. It was a dominant predator in its environment, and reached a length of 3 m (10 ft). Guarinisuchus appears to be closely related to marine crocodylomorphs found in Africa, which supports the hypothesis that the group originated in Africa and migrated to South America before spreading into the waters off the North American coast.

References

Archosaurs
Tangvayosaurus

Tangvayosaurus (meaning "Tang Vay lizard") is a genus of sauropod dinosaur from the Aptian-Albian age Lower Cretaceous Grès Supérior Formation of Savannakhet, Laos. It was a basal titanosaur, about 15 m long, and is known from the remains of two or three individuals.

Material 
It is based on TV4-1 to TV4-36, consisting of a partial pelvis, several back vertebrae and a tail vertebra, ribs, and an upper arm bone (humerus).

References 

Sauropods
Filippo Reef

Filippo Reef is a coral reef in the Pacific Ocean. It is located at ,  east of Starbuck Island in the Line Islands. The reef was reported by the master of the Italian barque Filippo who saw it on 28 June 1886. From  an unidentified report of  breakers dated 1926, it was estimated to have a water depth of only , and appeared to be about  long northwest to southeast, and less in width.

The only sighting referenced shows a date of 1926. The topographic data supplied by the General Bathymetric Chart of the Oceans (GEBCO), however, shows a sea depth of . It is therefore likely that this 1926 report is an error, and that Filippo Reef is a phantom island. Maps showing the reef rely on the report of 1926, and  are likely in error.

Nevertheless, it is marked in the 2005 edition of the National Geographic Atlas of the World.

References

Phantom islands
FC Schaffhausen

FC Schaffhausen is a football club which plays in Switzerland.

Honours
Swiss Cup: Runners-up
 1988, 1994
Challenge League: 1st
 2004
Swiss Super League: 8th
 2006

Other websites
 Official website 

1896 establishments in Europe
1890s establishments in Switzerland
Schaffhausen
Schaffhausen
Wood fuel

Wood fuel is a type of energy that is burnt down to create energy, such as heat or light.

Wood
Fuel
Klosters-Serneus

Klosters-Serneus is a ski resort and municipality of the district Davos in the canton of Graubünden in Switzerland.

It is a popular ski location and the slopes are easily accessible via a large cable car.

References

Other websites

 Official Website 

Municipalities of Graubünden
Ski areas and resorts in Switzerland
Küblis

Küblis is a municipality in the district of Davos in the canton of Graubünden in Switzerland.

References

Municipalities of Graubünden
Drôme (river)

The Drôme () is a river in southeastern France. It is a left tributary of the Rhône river. It gives its name to the French department of Drôme.

Geography
The Drôme river has a length of , and a drainage basin with an area of .

Its average yearly discharge (volume of water which passes through a section of the river per unit of time) is  at Saillans in the Drôme department.

Average monthly discharge (m3/s) at Saillans (108 years)

Course
The Drôme starts in the Col de Carabès, in the western foothills of the Alps, in the commune of La Bâtie-des-Fonds, (Drôme department), at an altitude of about . From here, the Drôme flows first to the northwest and then to the west.

The Drôme river flows within the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region, 2 departments and 37 communes. It flows through the following communes, among others:
 Drôme : Valdrôme, Luc-en-Diois, Die, Saillans, Allex, Crest, Loriol-sur-Drôme, Livron-sur-Drôme
 Ardèche : Le Pouzin (at its confluence)

Finally, it flows into the Rhône river in the commune of Loriol-sur-Drôme, on the border with the Ardèche department.

Main tributaries
The main tributaries of the Drôme river are:

Left tributaries:
 Roanne - 33.9 km

Right tributaries:
 Bez - 25.4 km
 Gervanne - 29.9 km

Related pages
 List of rivers of France

References

Rivers of France
Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes
Air Transat

Air Transat is a Canadian leisure airline based in Montreal, Quebec. It was founded in December 1986. In 2016 there were about 2,500 employees.

Other websites
airtransat.com

Airlines of Canada
1986 establishments in North America
1980s establishments in Canada
Selima Ahmad

Selima Ahmed (born 7 July 1960) is a Bangladeshi politician and businesswoman. She is the Vice Chairperson of Nitol-Niloy Group and started and is the President of the Bangladesh Women Chamber of Commerce and Industry (BWCCI). She is part of the board of Janata Bank Limited. She was a board member of Sonali Bank Limited, but is not any more. In 2014 she won the Oslo Business for Peace Award for her work in Business.  She is a Global Ambassador of The International Alliance for Women (TIAW) and also a Course Teacher of MBA class in University of Dhaka.

Early life and education
Ahmed earned her graduation and Masters in Business Management from Dhaka University and did short courses from USA, Japan, Denmark and Canada. She is a fellow of Stanford University. She has been working to help businesses for over 28 years and has helped many women entrepreneurs.

Career
Ahmad, is Vice Chairperson of the Nitol-Niloy Group. She is the Key person of the Bangladesh chapter of Women Democracy Network. She is a member of the Civil Society Advisory Group of UN Women. She also holds positions in different committees of various national and international organizations.

Personal life
Ahmad is married to Abdul Matlub Ahmad, a Business Leader and former President of Federation of Bangladesh Chambers of Commerce & Industries (FBCCI).

Awards
 Oslo Business for Peace Award, 2014
 Jeane J. Kirkpatrick Award by International Republican Institute, USA, 2013
 Priyadarshini Award by Federation of Indian Women Entrepreneurs(FIWE), 2012
 Women’s Contribution to Development by The Islamic Development Bank(IDB), 2012
 TIAW World of Difference 100 Award by The International Alliance for Women, Canada, 2010
 Special Prize for Women entrepreneurs by Dhaka International Trade Fair (DITF), 2010
 Women Entrepreneur Appreciation Award by Karachi Chamber of Commerce, 2009
 Business Express Award Women Entrepreneurs by Business Express, 2009
 Female Business Personality of the Year-2008 by Bangladesh Cultural Reporters Association, 2008
 Cultural Reporter’s Award: 2007
 Best Business Woman by Financial Weekly Magazine, 2000, 2002, 2003

References 

1960 births
Living people
Bangladeshi politicians
Bangladeshi Muslims
Bangladeshi businesspeople
Haleh Afshar, Baroness Afshar

Haleh Afshar, Baroness Afshar OBE FAcSS (; born 21 May 1944) is a British professor and a life peer in the House of Lords. She is a prominent Muslim feminist, and characterises herself as a Socialist and a Shi'a Muslim.  Her background is in equal opportunities in Britain, and before that, land reform and development in Iran, where she grew up, and journalism in both countries.
Ramnad estate

The estate of Ramnad was a permanently settled zamindari estate that existed in the Ramnad subdivision of the Madura district and later Ramnad district of the erstwhile Madras Presidency in British India from 1801 to 1949.

The seat of administration was the town of Ramanathapuram. The Zamindari had its origins in the Kingdom of Ramnad established by Raghunatha Kilavan in the late 17th century. In 1803, the Kingdom was converted to a Zamindari by the British. The male rulers of Ramnathapuram also bore the title of Sethupathi or "protector of the bridge", the bridge here referring to the legendary Rama's Bridge while female rulers bore the title "Nachiyar".

Details 
The estate covered an area of 2,104 square miles (5,450 km2) and had a population of 723,886 in 1901. It was one of the largest and most populous zamindari estates in the Madras Presidency. The zamindar of Ramnad paid a tribute of Rs. 3.75 lakhs for the year 1903-04 to the British government.

List of Sethupathis

Chieftains under the Madurai Nayak 
 Sadaikka Thevar Sethupathi (1590-1621)
 Kootan Sethupathi (1621-1637)
 Dalavai Sethupathi (1637-1659)
 Raghunatha Sethupathi (1659-1670

Independent kings 
 Raghunatha Kilavan (1670–1708)
 Vijaya Raghunatha Sethupathi I (1708–1723)
 Sundaresvara Raghunatha Sethupathi (1723 -1728)
 Kumara Muthu Vijaya Raghunatha Sethupathi (1728-1734)
 Muthukumara Raghunatha Sethupathi (1734-1747)
 Rakka Thevar (1747-1748)
 Vijaya Raghunatha Sethupathi II (1748-1760)
 Muthuramalinga Sethupathi I (1760-1794)

Ruler of princely state under the paramountcy of the British Raj 
Mangaleswari Nachiyar (1795-1803)

Zamindars 
 Mangaleswari Nachiyar (1803-1807)
 Annaswami Sethupathi (1807-1820)
 Ramaswami Sethupathi (1820-1830)
 Muthu Chella Thevar Sethupathi (1830-1846)
 Parvatha Vardhani Ammal Nachchiyar (1846–1862)
 Muthuramalinga Sethupathi II (1862–1873)
 Court of Wards (1873–1889)
 Bhaskara Sethupathy (1889–1903)
 Dinakara Sethupathy
 Raja Rajeswara Sethupathi (1903–1929)
 Shanmugha Rajeswara Sethupathi (1929–1967)
 Ramanatha Sethupathi (1967–1979)
 Rajeswari Nachiyar (1979-)

Reference 

Madras Presidency
Alina Janowska

Alina Janowska (16 April 1923 – 13 November 2017) was a Polish actress. She was known for her roles in  Zakazane piosenki and in Samson (by Andrzej Wajda). From 1970 to 1974, she starred in the comedy series Czterdziestolatek.

Biography
Janowska was born in 1923 in Warsaw, Poland. She came from a wealthy family. She was arrested on the night of 23 April 1942 for helping a Jewish family. She was imprisoned for 7 months in Pawiak in Warsaw. She was a member of the Warsaw Uprising.

In 1963, she married fencer Wojciech Zabłocki.

Janowska died on 13 November 2017 in Warsaw from Alzheimer's disease, aged 94.

References

Other websites

1923 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from Alzheimer's disease
Polish movie actors
Polish television actors
Polish stage actors
Polish radio actors
Polish voice actors
Justice Party (India)

The Justice Party, officially the South Indian Liberal Federation, was a political party in the Madras Presidency of British India. It was established in 1917 by T. M. Nair and P. Theagaraya Chetty as a result of a series of non-Brahmin conferences and meetings in the presidency. Communal division between Brahmins and non-Brahmins began in the presidency during the late-19th and early-20th century, mainly due to caste prejudices and disproportionate Brahminical representation in government jobs.

Elections Conducted and aftermath
In 1920, it won the first direct elections in the presidency and formed the government. For the next seventeen years, it formed four out of the five ministries and was in power for thirteen years. It was the main political alternative to the nationalist Indian National Congress in Madras. After it lost to the Congress in the 1937 election, it never recovered. It came under the leadership of Periyar E. V. Ramaswamy and his Self-Respect Movement. In 1944, Periyar transformed the Justice Party into the social organisation Dravidar Kazhagam and withdrew it from electoral politics. A rebel faction that called itself the original Justice Party, survived to contest one final election, in 1952.

Ideology
The Justice Party was isolated in contemporary Indian politics by its many controversial activities. It opposed Brahmins in civil service and politics, and this anti-Brahmin attitude shaped many of its ideas and policies. It opposed Annie Besant and her Home rule movement, because it believed home rule would benefit the Brahmins. The party also campaigned against the non-cooperation movement in the presidency. It was at odds with M. K. Gandhi, primarily due to his praise for Brahminism. Its mistrust of the Brahmin–dominated Congress led it to adopt a hostile stance toward the Indian independence movement. Although it professed to represent all non-Brahmins, the Justice Party eventually lost the support of Muslims and Untouchables, who accused it of serving the interests of only a few castes like Vellalars (Mudaliars, Pillais), Balija Naidus, Beri Chettis, Kapus and Kammas.

The Justice Party's power period is remembered for the introduction of caste-based reservations, and educational and religious reform. In opposition it is remembered for participating in the anti-Hindi agitations of 1937–40. The party was responsible for creating Andhra and Annamalai universities and for developing the area around present-day Theagaroya Nagar in Madras city.

References

 

Madras Presidency
List of scientists from Africa

This is a list of scientists from Africa.

Egypt

Ghana
Kofi Annan - a former chief of the United Nations(or UN); economist

Sierra Leone

J. B. Dauda - member of parliament (in Sierra Leone); economist; he died in 2017

Ahmad Tejan Kabbah - a former president of Sierra Leone; economist; died in 2014

Tunisia

Mohamed Talbi - the historian died in 2017.

References

Africa
List of scientists from the Middle East



Egypt

Iran

Iraq
Al-Kindi - he is known as the first to write an explanation of cryptanalysis and the method of frequency analysis; death in 873 AD

Israel
Pages appear in :Category:Israeli scientists

Saudi Arabia
Yasmin Altwaijri, listed on BBC's 2014 list featuring 100 Women internationally; one of thirty-five women featured in the book Arab Women Rising, which includes women from Tunisia to Saudi Arabia; scientist within Medicine;

 Suhad Bahajri, Chemistry

Syria
Bashar al-Assad, president of Syria (as of 2017), Medicine

References

Middle East
List of scientists from Asia

This is a list of scientists from Asia.

Afghanistan

Azerbaijan 

Vafa Guluzade - he was a Foreign Policy State Advisor for Azerbaijan President; the political scientist died in 2015.

Lotfi A. Zadeh - pioneer (or one of the earliest scientists) of fuzzy logic; computer scientist, electrical engineer, mathematician; d. in 2017

Bangladesh
Muhammed Zafar Iqbal - he has a Bangladesh National Film Awards for Best Story; he is a scholar of engineering and computer science.

China

Georgia
Tamaz V. Gamkrelidze - a former member of the Parliament of Georgia;  he is an assyriologist (and therefore a linguist)
Jamshid Giunashvili - he was a linguist (Iranologist); died in 2017

India

Indonesia
Bacharuddin Jusuf Habibie - a former president of Indonesia; aerospace engineering scientist
Ivan A. Taslimson - Microsoft designer; cognitive & biomimetic engineering scientist

Japan
 Masaaki Sugihara - former professor at the University of Tokyo
 Masao Iri
 Masatake Mori
Motoo Kimura
 Ryogo Hirota - former professor at Waseda University
 Shinichi Oishi

Related pages
 List of scientists

References

Lists of scientists by continent
List of scientists from Europe

This is a list of scientists from Europe.

Albania
Ferid Murad - he has a Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.

Azerbaijan 

Vafa Guluzade - he was a Foreign Policy State Advisor for Azerbaijan President; the political scientist died in 2015.

Lotfi A. Zadeh - pioneer (or one of the earliest scientists) of fuzzy logic; he is a computer scientist, electrical engineer, mathematician

Belarusia
Lev Vygotsky, credited for starting the concept, zone of proximal development, often abbreviated as ZPD, which is the difference between what a learner can do without help and what he or she cannot do; Psychology; died in 1934

Bosnia and Herzegovina
Alojz Benac - became a corresponding member of the Yugoslav/Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts; Archeology; died in 1992.

Czechia 
Milan Nakonečný

Estonia 
Madis Kõiv - he got the award, the  Tuglas short story award; physicist, writer and philosopher; died in 2014

Georgia 
Tamaz V. Gamkrelidze - a former member of the Parliament of Georgia;  he is an assyriologist (and therefore a linguist)
Jamshid Giunashvili - he was a linguist (Iranologist); died in 2017

Romania

Related pages
 List of scientists

References

Lists of scientists by continent
List of scientists from North America

This is a list of scientists from North America

Belize 
Janet Gibson - Goldman Environmental Prize in 1990; zoologist (and therefore also a biologist)
Andrea Gill, former president of the Senate of Belize; biologist

Bermuda
Louis L. Mowbray - he successfully bred the first Galapagos tortoises and Galapagos penguins in captivity; he was a naturalist and an ornithologist; death in 1952
David B. Wingate (He got the awards, the Queen’s Honours (UK); and (UN's) Global 500 Award)

Honduras
Julieta Castellanos - the International Women of Courage Award from the U.S. State Department.

United States
Thomas Edison - he and his workers made "the first practical incandescent light bulb";  died in 1931
Benjamin Franklin, President of Pennsylvania,  died in 1790

Related pages
 List of scientists

References

Lists of scientists by continent
B. V. Radha

Bengaluru Vijaya Radha (August 1948 – 10 September 2017) was an Indian actress and movie producer. Starting her career in the 1964 movie  Navakoti Narayana. She went on to play mostly supporting roles in over 300 movie, 250 of which were in Kannada, and the rest in Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam, Tulu and Hindi. She was born in Bangalore, Mysore State, India.

Radha died of a heart attack on 10 September 2017 in Bangalore at the age of 69.

References

Other websites
 

1948 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Cardiovascular disease deaths in India
Indian movie actors
Indian movie producers
Bangalore
Nancy Dupree

Nancy Hatch Dupree (; October 3, 1927 – September 10, 2017) was an American-Afghan historian whose work primarily focused on the history of modern Afghanistan.

Dupree went to Barnard College and Columbia University to study Chinese.

Dupree was the director of the Afghanistan Center at Kabul University in Afghanistan and author of five books that she compiled while studying the history of Afghanistan from 1962 until the late 1970s.

References

1927 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from multiple organ failure
American historians
American academics
Michael Friedman (composer)

Michael Friedman (September 24, 1975 – September 9, 2017) was an American composer and lyricist. He was a founding associate artist of The Civilians. He received a 2007 Obie award for excellence.  His musical Bloody Bloody Andrew Jackson opened on Broadway in October 2010. He was born in Boston, Massachusetts, but was raised in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Friedman was openly gay.

Friedman died on September 9, 2017 in Manhattan, New York from complications of AIDS at the age of 41.

References

Other websites

 https://www.nytimes.com/2010/02/01/arts/music/01friedman.html
 http://newyork.timeout.com/articles/theater/28431/musical-theater-report-the-anthropologist

1975 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from AIDS
Disease-related deaths in New York City
American composers
Gay men
LGBT writers
LGBT people from Massachusetts
LGBT people from Pennsylvania
Writers from Boston, Massachusetts
Writers from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Frank Aarebrot

Frank Henrik Aarebrot (19 January 1947 – 9 September 2017) was a Norwegian political scientist. He was born in Bergen, Norway. He was professor of comparative politics at the University of Bergen and adjunct professor of democracy development at the Örebro University. He regularly lectured at Institut des Sciences Politiques and at the Humboldt University. Aarebrot has written 69 books on the democratisation of Europe, following the fall of the Berlin Wall. In Norway, Aarebrot was known as a political commentator.

Aarebrot died in Bergen from heart surgery-related problems for a heart attack he suffered on 9 September 2017 at the age of 70.

References

1947 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from surgical complications
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Norwegian writers
Norwegian political scientists
People from Bergen
Solomon Efimovich Shulman

Solomon Efimovich Shulman (January 20, 1936 – September 6, 2017), also known as Sol Shulman and Semion Shulman, was a Belarusian author, screenwriter, movie director and adventurer. He was the writer of more than forty documentary movies, five feature movie scripts, plus a host of literary and publicist works, published in many countries worldwide. His best known book was Power and Destiny. His movies include In Broad Daylight, On the Slopes of Elbruce and In Ancient Khiv.

Shulman died on September 6, 2017 in Melbourne, Australia of heart failure, aged 81.

References

1936 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from heart failure
Belarusian writers
Screenwriters
Movie directors
Nick Theodore

Nick Andrew Theodore (born September 16, 1928) is an American politician. He was a State representative from 1963-66 and 1970-78, a South Carolina state senator from 1967-68 and from 1981-86, and the 85th Lieutenant Governor of South Carolina from 1987 to 1995. 

Theodore is a member of the Democratic Party.

References

1928 births
Living people
Lieutenant Governors of South Carolina
People from Greenville, South Carolina
US Democratic Party politicians
W. Brantley Harvey Jr.

William Brantley Harvey Jr. (August 14, 1930 – December 12, 2018) was an American lawyer and politician. He was elected to the South Carolina House of Representatives as a Democrat in 1958, and served until 1975, when he was installed as Lieutenant Governor of South Carolina. He served in that position until 1983. 

Harvey later served on the  South Carolina Commission of Parks, Recreation and Tourism, as well as the South Carolina Department of Transportation.

Harvey died on December 12, 2018 in Beaufort, South Carolina at the age of 88.

References

1930 births
2018 deaths
Lawyers from South Carolina
US Democratic Party politicians
Lieutenant Governors of South Carolina
Hugh Leatherman

Hugh K. Leatherman Sr. (April 14, 1931 – November 12, 2021) was an American Republican politician. He was a member of the South Carolina Senate, from 1981 until his death. He was the Chairman of the Senate Finance Committee, Leatherman and sat on the state's Budget and Control Board. 

He was President Pro Tempore of the South Carolina Senate for all but one day from 2014 through 2019.

On October 22, 2021, it was announced that Leatherman was in hospice care in Florence, South Carolina for colorectal cancer. He died from the disease on November 12, 2021 at the age of 90.

References

Other websites
South Carolina Legislature - Hugh K. Leatherman Sr.  Official SC Senate Website
 Hugh K. Leatherman Sr. Official Constituent Service Website

1931 births
2021 deaths
Politicians from South Carolina
US Republican Party politicians
Deaths from colorectal cancer
State legislators of the United States
Politicians from North Carolina
HIV Drug Resistance Database

HIV Drug Resistance Database, also named Stanford HIV RT and Protease Sequence Database is a database at Stanford University that shows 93 versions of HIV.  The latest list uses data from other laboratories in Europe, Canada and the United States including more than 15,000 pieces of data.

References

Further reading
 HIV Drug Resistance Database

HIV/AIDS
Shafiul Islam Mohiuddin

Shafiul Islam Mohiuddin is a Bangladeshi Business leader. He is the President of Federation of Bangladesh Chambers of Commerce and Industries (FBCCI). He led the Ready-Made Garment (RMG) sector of the country over thirty years and became the President of  Bangladesh Garment Manufacturers and Exporters Association (BGMEA), the largest export earning sector of the country.

Early life and education
Md. Shafiul  Islam (Mohiuddin) obtained B.Com (Hon’s) and  M.Com degree in Accountancy from University of Dhaka.

Career
Mohiuddin involve with RMG sector of the country over thirty years. He entered garment industry in 1992 by establishing Onus Apparel Ltd. Since he started his export oriented garments industry named Onus Group, the largest export earning  sector  of  the  country. He has also successfully diversified his business in other business  sectors like  Garment  Accessories,  Real  Estate,  Shipping, Fishing, Trawler, Dredging, Solar  Energy,  Auto Bricks,  Handicrafts,  etc.  He has currently employed over six thousand people in his business group. He is the Director of Trustee Board, BGMEA University  of  Fashion  and Technology (BUFT). He  is also the Vice President of Society for Anti addiction Movement (SAAM), Centre of  Excellence for Bangladesh Apparel Industry (CEBAI)  and Rugby Federation, Director of  Mohammedan Sporting Club Limited, Director of  BGMEA Apparel Club.

Personal life
Mohiuddin is married to Leesa Khalid Islam. The have three daughters and one son.

References 

Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
People from Dhaka
Bangladeshi businesspeople
Kunwar Singh

Kunwar Singh (13 November 1777 – 26 April 1858) belonged to a royal Ujjainiya Rajput house of Jagdispur, which is currently a part of Bhojpur district, Bihar, India. During the Indian Rebellion of 1857 he led soldiers against the troops of the British East India Company. He was the chief organizer of the fight against the British in Bihar.

Legacy
The Republic of India issued a commemorative stamp on 23 April 1966. The Kunwar Singh University in Arrah is named after him.

References

1858 deaths
1777 births
Indian military people
Indian revolutionaries
Gadi Eizenkot

Gadi Eizenkot, Hebrew: גדי איזנקוט, (born May 19, 1960 in Tiberias) has been the Chief of General Staff (Ramatkal) of the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) since February 16, 2015.

Eizenkot has the rank of lieutenant general (rav aluf).

He has been an Israeli soldier since 1978. He commanded the following units: the Northern Command, the Golani Brigade, the Judea and Samaria Division, and the Operations Directive. In between he was military secretary to prime minister Ehud Barak from 1999 to 2001.

He fought in several wars, like the 1982 Lebanon War, the 2006 Lebanon War and the Gaza War.

Eizenkot is a Maghrebic Jew (he is of Jewish-Moroccan descent). During his youth he lived in Eilat. He studied history at Tel Aviv University and political science at Haifa University. He also studied at the United States Army War College.

He is married with five children, and lives in Herzliya.

References 
 Ynetnews

1960 births
Living people
Haifa University alumni
Israeli generals
Israeli Jews
Jewish military people
People from Tiberias
Tel Aviv University alumni
Chabana

Chabana (茶花, literally "tea flowers"), is a general word used in the Japanese language, for the arrangement of flowers at a Japanese tea ceremony.  The flowers are not arranged in any special way, the method for arranging these flowers is known as "thrown in".  

This style of flower arranging is recognised as a particular type of Ikebana (生け花, "arranging flowers"), also known as Kādo (華道, the "way of flowers"), which has its beginnings in Buddhist flower offerings.

Chabana in particular, refers to a flower display for the room where the tea ceremony is to be held, the Chashitsu (茶室, literally "tea rooms").

Japanese culture
Flowers
Tatya Tope

Tatya Tope also spelled Tantia Tope (16 February 1814 — 18 April 1859), was an Indian freedom fighter. He was a General in the Indian Rebellion of 1857. His full name is Ramachandra Pandurang Tope.

Tope was a close associate of Nana Saheb. Tope and Sahib led the Indian forces in the Siege of Cawnpore. The British East India Company surrendered and were told they could have safe passage. But they were attacked by Indian forces and all but 210 women and children were killed.

He fought valiantly against the British in 1857. He was very loyal to Nana Sahib.

References

Notes

1814 births
1859 deaths
Indian military people
Indian revolutionaries
Single non-transferable vote

The single non-transferable vote (often Abbreviated to S.N.T.V.) is an electoral system for multiple member electoral districts. It is an electoral system which can produce an proportional result but it will depend on the district's magnitude (the number of representatives in the electoral district) if there is more members in each electoral district the more proportional the result will be. In many cases the single non-transferable vote has been replaced by other voting systems. 

In certain cases S.N.T.V. is thought to be similar to Plurality-at-large voting, commonly refereed as Bloc Voting, but is different because in S.N.T.V electors are only allowed to vote for one candidate but in Plurality-at-large voting the voter have as many votes as there are seats to win.

Example 

This example has three winners in the electoral district
 The voters select one candidate on the ballot
 All votes are counted
 The three candidates with the highest number of votes win

Current Usage 
Today there are very few places which use the Single Non Transferable Vote: 
 Afghanistan's House of Peoples. 

 Kuwait's National assembly.
 Indonesia's Regional Representative Council.
 Puerto Rico's Legislative Assembly (only for 11 seats in the Senate and 11 seats in The House of Representatives).
 Japan's House of Councillors (only for 146 seats). 
 Taiwan's Legislative Yuan (only for the six aboriginal seats).
 Vanuatu's Parliament.

References

Voting systems
Green fluorescent protein

Green florescent protein (GFP) is a protein that is found in moon jellyfish. It helps scientists look at cell molecules. There is another substance the is called RFP that serves the same purpose but is red, and is found in coral.

For GFP scientists have learned that if you take away one molecule it can change the whole color of the substance, along with if you add a molecule to the original substance it will also change the color. Scientists have made the colors cyan (ECFP) and pink (mRaspberry). The GFP is a florescent substance that is kind of like a highlighter.

Proteins