cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
André the Giant

André René Roussimoff  (May 19, 1946 – January 27, 1993) better known by his ring name, André the Giant, was a French professional wrestler and actor. He was best known for wrestling with World Wrestling Federation (WWF).

His size was caused by gigantism, that was caused by excess growth hormone and would later result in acromegaly. His size led to him being called "The Eighth Wonder of the World". During his professional wrestling career, he was a one time WWF champion and a one time WWF World Tag Team champion with Haku. In 1993, He became the first superstar to be inducted into the WWE Hall of Fame.

His best know acting role was as Fezzik in the 1987 movie The Princess Bride.

On January 27, 1993, he died of congestive heart failure while he was sleeping in his Paris hotel room. He was in Paris to go to his father's funeral.

Championships
 Championship Wrestling from Florida
 NWA Florida Tag Team Championship (one time) (with Dusty Rhodes)
 International Pro Wrestling
 IWA World Tag Team Championship (one time) (with Michael Nador)
 New Japan Pro Wrestling
 International Wrestling Grand Prix (1985)
 MSG League (1982)
 MSG Tag League (1981) (with Rene Goulet)
 Sagawa Express Cup (1986)
 NWA Tri-State
 NWA United States Tag Team Championship (Tri-State version) (one time) (with Dusty Rhodes)
 Professional Wrestling Hall of Fame and Museum
 Class of 2002
 Pro Wrestling Illustrated
 PWI Most Popular Wrestler of the Year (1977, 1982)
 PWI Match of the Year (1981) (vs. Killer Khan on May 2)
 PWI Match of the Year (1988) (vs. Hulk Hogan at The Main Event)
 PWI Most Hated Wrestler of the Year (1988)
 PWI Editor's Award (1993)
 He was ranked #3 of the 500 best singles wrestlers of the "PWI Years" in 2003.
 Stampede Wrestling
 Stampede Wrestling Hall of Fame
 World Championship Wrestling (Australia)
 NWA Austra-Asian Tag Team Championship (one time) (with Ronald Miller)
 World Wrestling Federation
 WWF Championship (one time)
 WWF Tag Team Championship (one time) (with Haku)
 Slammy Award for Bobby "The Brain" Heenan Scholarship Award (1987) (with Haku, Tama, Hercules, King Kong Bundy, and Harley Race)
 WWF Hall of Fame (Class of 1993)
 Wrestling Observer Newsletter awards
 Feud of the Year (1981) (vs. Killer Khan)
 Most Embarrassing Wrestler (1989)
 Worst Feud of the Year (1984) (vs. Big John Studd)
 Worst Feud of the Year (1989) (vs. The Ultimate Warrior)
 Worst Worked Match of the Year (1987) (vs. Hulk Hogan at WrestleMania III)
 Worst Worked Match of the Year (1989) (vs. The Ultimate Warrior on October 31)
 Worst Tag Team (1990, 1991) (with Giant Baba)
 Worst Wrestler (1989, 1991, 1992)
 Wrestling Observer Newsletter Hall of Fame (Class of 1996)

References

Other websites
 Official website 
 Andre the Giant's profile on WWE.com

1946 births
1993 deaths
Deaths from heart failure
Former WWE wrestlers
French actors
Sportspeople from Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes
People from Grenoble
WWE Hall of Fame
Gura Humorului

Gura Humorului is a town in northern Romania. It is in Suceava County in the southern part of Bukovina. The population of Gura Humorului was 15,728 as of 2006. The mayor is Marius Ioan Ursaciuc of the National Liberal Party. On May 11, 1899, there was a disastrous fire which destroyed most of the town, more than 400 houses and businesses were lost in the blaze. It was a World War I battlefield between Austrian and Imperial Russian troops until the Russians were driven out in 1917.

Between 1960 and 1963 the fossils of prehistoric fish, about 1.90 metres long were discovered in rocks near the town. The fish was an unknown Palaeorhynchus, a kind of mackerel, which lived about 30 million years ago. It was named Palegrhynchus humorensis, after the city. The area was made a special reserve in 1973.

On October 10, 1941, during World War II, 2945 Jewish men, women and children were sent from Gura Humorului to Transnistria. Most of these people died in the concentration camps. Only about 100 returned to the town after the war, and most of these people then moved to Israel. The former residents have sent money to repair the Jewish cemetery, and the one surviving synagogue.

Other websites
 A list of the Jews removed from the city in WW2

References

Towns in Suceava County
Sex chromosome

Sex chromosomes are chromosomes which determine the sex of individual organisms. In men, for example, there are 23 pairs of chromosomes, and one of these pairs are sex chromosomes. Females have two X chromosomes, males have one X and one Y. An egg always carries a single X, while sperms carry either an X or a Y. That is how sex is determined in humans.

Not all organisms have their sex determined by chromosomes. Those that do use the sex chromosome system have variations in how it happens. The account above is generally true for mammals.

Related pages 
Sex determination 
Karyotype
Chromosome

References 

Biological reproduction
Chromosomes
Cytogenetics

Cytogenetics is the branch of genetics which deals with cell structure and function. It includes the study of chromosomes, chromosome bands, karyotypes, and cell division, especially meiosis. Cytogenetic studies have also been used to study evolution in natural populations.

References 

Classical genetics
Cell biology
Somatic cell

All the cells in the body of an organism are somatic cells, except for the haploid gametes (sex cells like eggs and sperm) and other cells involved in reproduction.

Somatic cells are usually diploid, except where there is polyploidy. Either way, somatic cells have double the number of chromosomes that gametes in the same organism have. Somatic cells divide by mitosis and make identical copies of themselves, while gametes are made when germ cells divide by meiosis.

In humans, somatic cells have 46 chromosomes.

References

Cell biology
Genetic screening



Genetic screening finds out genetic susceptibility to a particular disease. Genetic testing identifies differences in chromosomes, genes, or proteins. It allows the genetic diagnosis of vulnerabilities to inherited diseases. It can also be used to find out a child's parentage (genetic mother and father). 
Genetic screening in a broader sense includes biochemical tests for the possible presence of genetic diseases, or mutant forms of genes associated with increased risk of developing genetic disorders.
Most of the time, testing is used to find changes that are associated with inherited disorders. The results of a genetic test can confirm or rule out a suspected genetic condition or help determine a person's chance of developing or passing on a genetic disorder. Several hundred genetic tests are currently in use, and more are being developed.

Since genetic testing may open up ethical or psychological problems, genetic testing is often accompanied by genetic counselling.

Related pages 
Designer baby

References

Related Read 

 What is genetic testing?
 Human Genetic Screening 
 What is Preimplantation Genetic Testing?
 Risks of Preimplantation Genetic Screening 

Genetics
Medicine
Haploid

Haploid is the term used when a cell has half the usual number of chromosomes. A normal eukaryote organism is composed of diploid cells, one set of chromosomes from each parent. However, after meiosis, the number of chromosomes in gametes is halved. That is the haploid condition.

In humans, the diploid number of chromosomes is 46 (2x23). The number in haploid cells (sperm and eggs) is 23. Some types of animals are haploid, such as male Hymenoptera (ants, bees and wasps). This is a special genetic system called haplodiploidy.

Some plants and animals are polyploid, with more than two sets of chromosomes. For example, one species of wheat is hexaploid, with six sets of chromosomes, although other species of wheat have only two sets. Because so many organisms are diploid, it can become confusing whether haploid refers to one set of chromosomes or more than one. The special term monoploid can be used; it means one set of chromosomes.

Related pages
Cell division
Meiosis
Karyotype
Ploidy

Chromosomes
Malt shop

A malt shop or soda shop was a older type of drink store in North America. It is where kids mostly went to buy sodas and candy (confectionery).

Other websites
Art of drink history

Shops
Atong language (Sino-Tibetan)

A’tong (also spelled Attong) is a language spoken in Bangladesh. It is spoken by about 5,400 people in the northern Netrokona District.

The language will possibly become more mixed with the Abeng dialect of Garo and Bengali. Many children can speak Abeng before starting school, but most speakers also have good proficiency in Bengali.

They are reckoned by themselves and other Garos to be Garos, but the languages are not mutually intelligible with Garo. The speakers of A’tong are mostly Christian peasants.

References

Languages of Bangladesh
Jaywalking

Jaywalking is a form of crossing a street by not following the crosswalk. People crossing the street, known as pedestrians, can get a fine or time in prison for jaywalking in some states and cities. 

Traffic
Types of crime
Do Ab

Do Ab is a village in Bamyan Province in central Afghanistan.

References 

Settlements in Afghanistan
Do Ab (Iran)

For the village Do Ab in Afghanistan see: Do Ab.

Do Ab is the name of a rural area in the center of Savadkuh County, Mazanderan province, Iran. It contains five villages. Sevatcow station on the Mazanderan branch of the trans-Iranian railway was built there during the rule of Reza Pahlavi. It is about 7 kilometers south of Pol Sefid (Capital of township) and about 14 kilometers from Veresk Bridge.

Geography of Iran
Euptoieta hegesia

The Mexican Fritillary (Euptoieta hegesia) is a North and South American butterfly.  It is in the family Nymphalidae.

Description
The upper side of the wings is bright orange.  Most of the hind wing (the bottom wing) does not have black markings.  There is a row of submarginal (submarginal means just inward of the wing edge) black spots on both the fore wing (the top wing) and the hind wing.  The underside of the wings is yellow-orange.  There are no black submarginal spots.  It has a wingspan of 2.5 to 3 inches.

Similar species
The only similar species in the Mexican Fritillary's range is the Variegated Fritillary (Euptoieta claudia).  The Variegated Fritillary has more black on the upper side of the hind wing.  The underside of the hind wing has a pale band in the center.

Flight period
The Mexican Fritillary may be seen from mid-June to November in Arizona.  It is seen from July to December in Texas.  It is seen year-round in Mexico.

Habitat
This species may be found in a variety of open habitats and gardens.

Life cycle
The caterpillar is shiny red.  It has a silver stripe edged with black on each side of the body.  It has silver spots edged with black along the top of the body.  There are six rows of black spines.  The head has two long black spines with clubbed ends.  The chrysalis is dark brown or tan.  It has gold eyes and short gold spines.  On the wing cases, it has a black marking shaped like a "T".  It has 1-3 broods per year.

Host plants
Here is a list of host plants that the Mexican Fritillary caterpillar feeds on:

Ipomoea maritima (used in Brazil)
Passiflora foetida - Foetid Passionflower
Turnera ulmifolia - Yellow Alder (used in Mexico and in the Antilles)

References

Nymphalidae
University of Heidelberg

The University of Heidelberg is one of the oldest universities of Europe and the oldest in Germany. It is in Heidelberg, Germany. It was founded on 23 October 1385. At the beginning, there were only the four traditional faculties. In 1890, the natural science got their own faculty. Later after a re-organisation, the university has 12 faculties.

The University of Heidelberg is also known as Ruprecht Karl University of Heidelberg, after the German prince Rupert I.

References 

1385 establishments
Heidelberg
Heidelberg
University of Bonn

The University of Bonn () is a public research university in Bonn, Germany. Started in 1818, the University of Bonn is today one of the leading universities in Germany. The University of Bonn offers many programs in different subjects. Its library has more than two million volumes. The University of Bonn has 525 professors and 27,800 students. Among its famous students and teachers are seven Nobel prize winners, two Fields Medalists, eleven Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Prize winners, Pope Benedict XVI, Karl Marx, Friedrich Nietzsche, Joseph Schumpeter and Joseph Goebbels.

References

Other websites

 Official Website 
 University Library
 Students' union executive committee (AStA)
 Student parliament

1818 establishments
Bonn
Bonn
Education in North Rhine-Westphalia
1810s establishments in Germany
University of Würzburg

The University of Würzburg is a university in Würzburg, Germany, which first started in 1402. The university is a member of the Coimbra Group.

Name
The University’s official name is Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg  (Julius Maximilian University Würzburg) but it is commonly called the University of Würzburg. This name is taken from two people; Julius Echter von Mespelbrunn, Prince-Bishop of Würzburg, who restarted the University 426 years ago, and Prince Elector Maximilian Joseph, the prince under whom it became public, not religious, at the start of the 19th century. The University’s central administration, foreign student office, and several research institutes are located within the old town. The new liberal arts campus, with its modern library, overlooks the city from the east. The University today has about 21,000 students, of which more than 1,000 come from other countries. Among its students and teachers, the University includes 13 Nobel Prize winners.

Other websites
University of Würzburg

Wurzburg
Würzburg
Carles Rexach

Carles Rexach (born 13 January 1947) is a former Spanish football player. He has played for Spain national team.

Club career statistics

|-
|1967/68||rowspan="14"|Barcelona||rowspan="14"|La Liga||22||6
|-
|1968/69||14||2
|-
|1969/70||26||7
|-
|1970/71||29||17
|-
|1971/72||26||5
|-
|1972/73||28||7
|-
|1973/74||28||9
|-
|1974/75||31||6
|-
|1975/76||32||6
|-
|1976/77||14||0
|-
|1977/78||22||9
|-
|1978/79||24||4
|-
|1979/80||24||3
|-
|1980/81||8||0
328||81
328||81
|}

International career statistics

|-
|1969||2||0
|-
|1970||2||1
|-
|1971||3||1
|-
|1972||1||0
|-
|1973||0||0
|-
|1974||2||0
|-
|1975||3||0
|-
|1976||0||0
|-
|1977||0||0
|-
|1978||2||0
|-
!Total||15||2
|}

References

1947 births
Living people
Spanish footballers
Spanish football managers
Frank Lobos

Frank Lobos (born 25 September 1976) is a former Chilean football player.

Club career statistics

|-
|2003||Mito Hollyhock||J. League 2||16||1
16||1
16||1
|}

References

1976 births
Living people
Chilean footballers
People from Santiago
Andriy Rusol

Andriy Rusol (born 16 January 1983) is a Ukrainian retired footballer who formerly played as a defender for Dnipro Dnipropetrovsk and the Ukrainian national team.

Club career statistics

|-
|1999/00||rowspan="4"|Kryvbas Kryvyi Rih||rowspan="4"|Premier League||3||0
|-
|2000/01||9||0
|-
|2001/02||19||0
|-
|2002/03||9||0
|-
|2002/03||rowspan="8"|Dnipro Dnipropetrovsk||rowspan="8"|Premier League||1||0
|-
|2003/04||24||1
|-
|2004/05||28||0
|-
|2005/06||30||3
|-
|2006/07||28||1
|-
|2007/08||28||0
|-
|2008/09||27||1
|-
|2009/10||||
206||6
206||6
|}

International career statistics

|-
|2004||9||0
|-
|2005||9||1
|-
|2006||13||2
|-
|2007||8||0
|-
|2008||4||0
|-
|2009||4||0
|-
!Total||47||3
|}

References

1983 births
Living people
Ukrainian footballers
Ari (footballer, born 1980)

Arivaldo Alves dos Santos (born 19 November 1980) is a Brazilian football player.

Club career statistics

|-
|2005||Kashima Antlers||J. League 1||14||0||0||0||3||0||17||0
14||0||0||0||3||0||17||0
14||0||0||0||3||0||17||0
|}

1980 births
Living people
Brazilian footballers
Bahia
Darijo Srna

Darijo Srna (born 1 May 1982) is a Croatian football player. He plays for Shakhtar Donetsk and Croatia national team. He is captain of both his club and national team.

Club career statistics

|-
|1999/00||rowspan="4"|Hajduk Split||rowspan="4"|Prva HNL||2||0||||||||||2||0
|-
|2000/01||10||0||||||||||10||1
|-
|2001/02||24||1||||||||||24||1
|-
|2002/03||27||3||||||||||27||3

|-
|2003/04||rowspan="7"|Shakhtar Donetsk||rowspan="7"|Premier League||19||0||5||3||5||0||29||3
|-
|2004/05||21||1||7||1||11||0||39||2
|-
|2005/06||20||2||1||0||10||0||31||2
|-
|2006/07||20||3||5||0||9||1||34||4
|-
|2007/08||28||0||3||0||10||0||41||0
|-
|2008/09||25||4||3||0||18||1||46||5
|-
|2009/10||||||||||||||||
63||4||||||||||63||4
133||10||24||4||63||2||220||16
196||14||24||4||63||2||283||20
|}

International career statistics

|-
|2002||1||0
|-
|2003||11||1
|-
|2004||11||4
|-
|2005||9||3
|-
|2006||9||3
|-
|2007||11||4
|-
|2008||10||2
|-
|2009||9||1
|-
|2010||||
|-
!Total||71||18
|}

References

1982 births
Living people
Croatian footballers
Donbass Arena

Donbass Arena is a football stadium in Donetsk in Ukraine. It is home to the club F.C. Shakhtar Donetsk. It can hold up to 51,504 people and it is the biggest club stadium in Ukraine.

Other websites 
 Official Website 

Football stadiums in Europe
Buildings and structures in Ukraine
Mara Manzan

Mara Virgínia Manzan (28 May 1952 – 13 November 2009) was a Brazilian actress. At the age of 17, Mara, at the time living and studying in São Paulo, visited the Teatro Oficina, and, as she often jokingly said, never left it. There she made all kinds of backstage activities, until one day she had the chance to replace a sick actress in a play. In March 2008, acting as "Amara" in Duas Caras, she discovered to suffer of lung cancer, and was operated by surgeon Drauzio Varella on 16 April that year. The actress had already faced a cancer of the uterus and ovaries and had to undergo a radical hysterectomy. Her condition worsened and the actress died at the age 57. Mara Manzan died of pulmonary failure.

Career in television 

 1994 - A Viagem .... Edméia
 1996 - Salsa e Merengue .... Sexta-feira
 1997 - Mundo VIP .... herself
 1998 - Hilda Furacão .... Nevita
 1998 - Pecado Capital .... Alzira
 1998 - Você Decide .... Marly
 1999 - Ô Coitado .... Cráudia
 1999 - Terra Nostra .... seamstress dress Giuliana
 2001 - O Clone .... Odete
 2003 - Kubanacan .... Agatha
 2004 - Da Cor do Pecado .... client of Father Helinho
 2004 - Senhora do Destino .... Janice
 2005 - América .... mother of Creuza
 2006 - Cobras & Lagartos .... Marilene
 2007 - Duas Caras .... Amara
 2009 - Caminho das Índias .... Dona Ashima

Film career 

 1982 - Bonecas da Noite
 2000 - De Cara Limpa .... Suzy
 2003 - Herman .... herself
 2008 - Sexo com Amor? .... Dirce

References

Other websites 
 Personal Blog 
 
 Istoé Gente 

Brazilian actors
1952 births
2009 deaths
Madeline Kahn

Madeline Kahn (September 29, 1942 - December 3, 1999) was an American actress. She was known mainly for her comic roles in moviess such as Paper Moon, Young Frankenstein, Blazing Saddles, What's Up, Doc?, and Clue. She made a guest appearance on The Carol Burnett Show and the Cosby Show.

She was born in Boston, Massachusetts. She moved to New York City during her early childhood and died of ovarian cancer there.

Other websites 

1942 births
1999 deaths
Actors from Boston, Massachusetts
Comedians from Boston, Massachusetts
American movie actors
American stage actors
American television actors
American voice actors
Deaths from ovarian cancer
Tony Award winning actors
Keihin-Tōhoku Line

The Keihin-Tōhoku Line (京浜東北線 けいひんとうほくせん) is a railway line of East Japan Railway Company (JR East) that connects the cities of Saitama, Warabi, Kawaguchi, Tokyo, Kawasaki, and Yokohama.

Station

* Station is skipped when trains are in rapid service, which runs in non-peak hours (10:30 a.m. - 3:30 p.m.).

Related pages
 Saitama Prefecture
 Tokyo
 Yokohama

Japanese railways
Shin-Yokohama Station

Shin-Yokohama Station (新横浜駅,しんよこはまえき) is a railway station of JR Central, JR East, and Yokohama Municipal Subway in Yokohama, Japan.

Adjacent stations
JR Central
Tōkaidō Shinkansen
Shinagawa - Shin-Yokohama - Odawara
JR East
Yokohama Line
 Rapid
Kikuna - Shin-Yokohama - Kozukue
Local
Kikuna - Shin-Yokohama - Kamoi
Yokohama Municipal Subway
Blue Line
Kishine-koen(B25) - Shin-Yokohama(B26) - Kita-Shin-Yokohama(B27)

Other websites

Railway stations in Kanagawa Prefecture
Yokohama
Hachiōji Station

Hachiōji Station(八王子駅,はちおうじえき) is a Railway station of East Japan Railway Company (JR East) in the city of Hachiōji, Tokyo, Japan.

Neighbor
JR East
Chūō Line
Commuter Ltd. Rapid
Tachikawa - Hachiōji - Takao
Chūō Ltd. Rapid, Commuter Rapid, Rapid, Local
Toyoda - Hachiōji - Nishi-Hachiōji
Yokohama Line
Rapid,local
Katakura - Hachiōji
Hachikō Line
Hachiōji - Kita-Hachiōji

Other websites

Railway stations in Tokyo
Nuclear football

The nuclear football is the name given to a black briefcase which is carried along with the President of the United States at all times. Inside the briefcase are instruction manuals, a radio transmitter and authentication codes for the Emergency Broadcast System. The President can use the briefcase in case of emergency, to order the use of nuclear weapons. The briefcase is carried by a military aide for the President.

References
 https://www.usatoday.com/news/washington/2005-05-05-nuclear-football_x.htm
 http://www.globalsecurity.org/wmd/systems/nuclear-football.htm

Nuclear weapons
Hizb-ul-Mujahideen

Hizb-ul-Mujahideen (HM) is one of the largest militant groups operating in Jammu and Kashmir from Azad Jammu and Kashmir and stands for the integration of the Disputed Territory and unification of all the Kashmir region with Pakistan. Since its formation the HuM has also wanted the Islamization of Kashmir. 

The HuM was formed in 1989 in the Kashmir Valley with Master Ahsan Dar as its chief. Dar was later arrested by the Indian all-armed forces by mid-December 1993. It was reportedly formed as the militant wing of the Jamaat-e-Islami (JeI) at the behest of the Inter Services Intelligence (ISI), Pakistan’s external intelligence agency, to counter the Jammu Kashmir Liberation Front (JKLF), which had advocated complete independence of the State from the nations. Many of the early Hizb cadres were former JKLF members.

Kashmir
Kalat (Pakistan)

Qalat or Kalat () is a historical town in Kalat District, Balochistan, Pakistan. Qalat is the capital of Qalat District and is known locally as Qalat-e Baluch.

Qalat, formerly Qilat, is roughly in the center of Pakistani Balochistan, south and slightly west of the provincial capital Quetta. It was the capital of the Qalat Khanate. The Brahui population is almost completely Muslim.

Former subdivisions of Pakistan
Pakistani princely states
Makran (princely state)

Makran was an autonomous princely state of both British India and Pakistan, which ceased to exist in 1955. It was located in the extreme southwest of Pakistan, an area occupied by the districts of Gwadar, Kech and Panjgur. The state did not include the enclave of Gwadar which was under Omani rule until 1958.

Former subdivisions of Pakistan
Pakistani princely states
Kharan (princely state)

The State of Kharan was an autonomous princely state in British India (later Pakistan), in the southwest of modern Pakistan. It was established about the year 1697 CE. In 1948, the state was integrated into Pakistan's West Pakistan. In 1971, East Pakistan became Bangladesh, and West Pakistan was renamed to Pakistan. Since then, the state is organised as the Kharan District of Balochistan.

Former subdivisions of Pakistan
Pakistani princely states
Phulra

Phulra was a minor princely state of both Pakistan and British India, in the modern Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. It was east of the nearby princely Amb. Both states ended in 1950 when they were merged into the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province. There is some dispute as to whether Phulra ranked as a full princely state or as a minor noble estate (jagir) of the Indian Empire.

At present, Phulra is a small town and union council in Mansehra District, Hazara, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province. 

Former subdivisions of Pakistan
Chitral (princely state)

Chitral (or Chitrāl); was a former princely state of Pakistan and British India which ceased to exist in 1969. The area of the state now forms the Chitral District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province. Shahzada Ghaziuddin (Prince of Nagar) was a graduate from Aligarh university India. he was the son of Shuja ul mulk (Mehtar of Chitral) He was highly intelligent man and due to his intelligence, bravery, kind, loving nature was highly recognised. He was given the jagir of Nagar, Ursoon, patai, sweer, arandu, ziarat etc. Nagar fort was the winter resort of H.H Sir Shuja Ul Mulk.

Former subdivisions of Pakistan
Pakistani princely states
Dir (princely state)

Dir was a small former princely state in the modern Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in Pakistan. The state ceased to exist in 1969 when it was incorporated into Pakistan. The area once occupied by the state (5,282 km²) now forms two districts of Pakistan - Upper Dir and Lower Dir. The two districts were part of Malakand Division until divisions were abolished as an administrative tier.

Former subdivisions of Pakistan
Pakistani princely states
Hunza (princely state)

Hunza () was a former princely state in the northernmost part of the Northern Areas, of Pakistan, which existed until 1974. The state bordered the Gilgit Agency to the south, the former princely state of Nagar to the east, Chinese Turkistan to the north and Afghanistan to the northwest. The state capital was the town of Baltit (also known as Karimabad). The area of Hunza now forms the Aliabad Tehsil of Hunza-Nagar District.

Former subdivisions of Pakistan
Pakistani princely states
Nagar (princely state)

Nagar () was a princely state in the northernmost part of the Northern Areas of Pakistan, which existed until 1974. The state bordered the Gilgit Agency to the south and west, and the former princely state of Hunza to the north and east. The state capital was the town of Nagar. The area of Nagar now forms three tehsils of Nagar District. Nagar along with Gilgit and Baltistan is falsely claimed by the Republic of India as so-called part of the state of Jammu and Kashmir.

Former subdivisions of Pakistan
Pakistani princely states
Polyurethane

Polyurethane is a polymer. Its name is often shortened to PU or PUR. Polyurethane is made of organic units, which are joined by urethane. Polyurethane polymers are formed through step-growth polymerization. In this process, a monomer containing at least two isocyanate functional groups reacts with another monomer containing at least two hydroxyl (alcohol) groups in the presence of a catalyst.

Polyurethane is available with different levels of stiffness, hardness or densities. Examples for such materials are:
 Low-density flexible foam used in upholstery
 Low-density rigid foam used for thermal insulation and RTM cores
 Soft solid elastomers used for gel pads and print rollers
 Low density elastomers used in footwear
 Hard solid plastics used as electronic instrument bezels and structural parts

Polyurethanes are widely used in high resiliency flexible foam seating, rigid foam insulation panels, microcellular foam seals and gaskets, durable elastomeric wheels and tires, automotive suspension bushings, electrical potting compounds, high performance adhesives and sealants, Spandex fibers, seals, gaskets, carpet underlay, and hard plastic parts.

Polyurethane products are often called "urethanes". They should not be confused with the specific substance urethane, also known as ethyl carbamate. Polyurethanes are neither produced from ethyl carbamate, nor do they contain it.

Petroleum products, like plastics, contain Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) like phthalates you can inhale as you sleep. These hazardous air pollutants cause a lot of horrible health effects like changes in hormone levels, obesity, and asthma. Also, if child or adult has allergies then these volatile chemicals can make it even worse. On top of that, sleeping babies inhale a lot more air than adults do per body weight. They can inhale as much as 10 times more VOCs!

References

Polymers
Violetta Villas

Violetta Villas (born 10 June 1938  - 5 December 2011) was a Polish singer, actress, composer and songwriter. She was born in Verviers, Belgium. Her voice was a coloratura soprano which spans 4.7 octaves. In 1960s she was the star of revues in Paris, New York and Las Vegas. She died in Lewin Klodzki, Poland.

References

Other websites

1938 births
2011 deaths
European opera singers
People from Verviers
Polish actors
Polish singers
Pop musicians
Stage actors
Yutaka Fukufuji

Yutaka Fukufuji (born September 17, 1982) is a Japanese professional ice hockey goaltender. He currently plays for the Nikkō Ice Bucks of the Asia League. He was drafted by the Los Angeles Kings with the 238th overall pick in the 2004 NHL Entry Draft. He made his NHL debut with the Kings on January 13, 2007 and became the first Japanese player to start in a NHL game on January 16, 2007. He returned to the Bakersfield Condors on September 10, 2007. He signed a contract with the Destil Trappers of the Eredivisie and played a full season with them before returning to Japan in 2010 to play with the Nikkō Ice Bucks.

References

Other websites

1982 births
American Hockey League players
Japanese sportspeople
Living people
Los Angeles Kings players
Sportspeople from Hokkaido
ECHL players
Ice hockey goaltenders
XFL

XFL, LLC, operated as XFL, was a professional American football. The league was founded by Vince McMahon, owner of the World Wrestling Federation (WWF). The league was founded in 2000. The XFL was supposed to be a major professional sports league complement to the off-season of the NFL, but could not find an audience and folded after its first season. The first and only champions were the Los Angeles Xtreme. Both the WWF and NBC each lost a reported $35 million.

Teams

References

Other websites
Official website
a XFL website 

2001 establishments in the United States
2001 disestablishments in the United States
American football
NBC network shows
UPN network shows
World Wrestling Entertainment television programs
Urban Meyer

Urban Meyer III (born July 10, 1964) is an American college football coach. He is the current head coach of the Ohio State Buckeyes team. He has also coached the Bowling Green Falcons, the Utah Utes and Florida Gators from 2005 to 2010.

References

1964 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Ohio
College football coaches
Rachael Yamagata

Rachael Yamagata (born September 23, 1974) is an American singer-songwriter and pianist. She is from Arlington, Virginia.

References

Singers from Virginia
People from Arlington, Virginia
Living people
1977 births
NCIS (TV series)

NCIS (also called NCIS: Naval Criminal Investigative Service) is a crime-drama television series on CBS. It is about a team of special agents from the Naval Criminal Investigative Service in Washington, D.C. Their job is to investigate crimes involving the US Navy and Marine Corps. The series is a spin-off from JAG and has the spin-offs called NCIS: Los Angeles and NCIS: New Orleans.

Main cast

Other websites 

 Official NCIS homepage at CBS
 
 Website - NCIS: The Official TV Soundtrack 
 NCIS  at Yahoo! TV
 The real-life NCIS
 
 

American drama television series
CBS network shows
Television spin-offs
2003 American television series debuts
English-language television programs
Cap-Haïtien

Cap-Haïtien, also known as Le Cap, (Kréyòl: Kap Ayisyen, Okap) is a city in northern Haiti. It is the capital city of the Nord Département.

The city is on the coast of the Cap-Haïtien Bay, on the Atlantic Ocean, about 260 km north of the Haitian capital Port-au-Prince. The central part of the city is between the bay to the east, and mountains to the west.

Cap-Haïtien is also the chief town of an arrondissement (a part of a department) with the same name. The arrondissement has three communes (a commune is like a municipality): Cap-Haïtien, Limonade and Quartier-Morin.

History 
On the left side of the river Haut du Cap, Christopher Columbus built a small fort with the rest of the ship Santa María when it was destroyed on Christmas Day on 1492; he named the fort as La Navidad (in English, "Christmas").

The region around the city had the Taíno name of Guarico, the name used by the Spanish colonists for the region and the new city. When French people came from the Tortuga Island to live here, they founded the city in 1670 and the French King Louis XIV named the place as Cap-Français in 1711; it was then the capital city of the Saint-Domingue colony until 1770 when Port-au-Prince became the new capital city.

The town was destroyed by Spanish people in January 1691, after the Battle of La Limonade; La Limonade is a savanna just to the east of Cap-Haïtien. Later, in 1695, the town was again destroyed by Spanish and English soldiers.

Haiti, known as Saint-Domingue during colonial times, was the richest colony of France, and Cap-Français was the richest city in the colony. The city was known then as the "Paris of the west".

During the Haitian Revolution, there was a battle on 18 November 1803 in Vertières, near Cap-Haïtien. In this battle, the army of Jean-Jacques Dessalines defeated a French colonial army led by the Comte de Rochambeau, leading to the independence of Haiti on 1 January 1804.

After the Haitian independence, the country was divided in two parts and the northern part was made a kingdom by Henri Christophe and the name of the city was changed to Cap-Henry. Christophe made Milot, a town 15 km to the south of the city, the capital of his kingdom.

The city was named Cap-Haïtien after the death of Christophe and when Haiti became again one country.

Economy 
Cap-Haïtien is a very important port of northern Haiti; there is also an airport.

Media

Radio 
 Radyo Atlantik FM
 Radio 4VEH (4VEF) AM and FM
 Radio Cap-Haïtien
 Radio Citadelle
 Radio Étincelle
 Radio Gamma (Based in Fort Liberté)
 Radio Lumiere FM
 Radio Méga FM
 Radio Sans-Souci FM
 Radio VASCO FM
 Radio Vénus FM
 Voix de l’Ave Maria
 Voix du Nord
 Radio Paradis
 Radio Nirvana FM
 Radio Hispaniola
 Radio Passion Haïti

Television 
 Télé Vénus
 Télé Paradis
 Chaîne 6
 Chaîne 7
 Chaîne 11
 Télévision Nationale d'Haiti

References 

Cities in Haiti
1670 establishments
Establishments in the French colonial empire
Torrie Wilson

Torrie Anne Wilson (born July 24, 1975 in Boise, Idaho) is a retired professional wrestler. She was best known for her time with World Wrestling Entertainment. She's a former WWE Women's Champion. She has also modeled for Playboy magazine.

References

Other websites
Torrie Wilson's WWE profile

American professional wrestlers
Sportspeople from Idaho
Former WWE wrestlers
1975 births
Living people
People from Boise, Idaho
Mark Driscoll

Mark Driscoll (born October 11, 1970) is an American pastor and author. He is the co-founder and pastor for preaching of Mars Hill Church in Seattle, Washington. Driscoll also co-founded the Acts 29 Network Church Building Network, and has written articles for the "Faith and Values" section of the Seattle Times newspaper. He also helped start The Resurgence, a collection of missionary theology resources.

Early life and education 
He was born in Grand Forks, North Dakota and in 1989, he graduated from Highline High School in Burien, Washington, where he was the student body president and also wrote for the school newspaper. He earned a bachelor's degree in communications from Washington State University with a minor in philosophy and holds a Master of Arts degree in exegetical theology from Western Seminary.

References

Other websites 
 Brian McLaren on the Homosexual Question 3: A Prologue and Rant by Mark Driscoll  a 'rant' by Driscoll against McLaren. Note that Driscoll later apologized for this 'rant' on his blog.
 Article in Christianity Today
 Mars Hill Church Homepage
 Acts 29 Network 'that exists to start churches that plant churches'
 The Resurgence

1970 births
Living people
American Christians
People from Grand Forks, North Dakota
Writers from North Dakota
Writers from Seattle, Washington
Alun Michael

Alun Michael born August 22, 1943, is a Welsh politician. He graduated from Keele University. He was the First Minister of Wales. He also was the first Minister of the National Assembly for Wales.

He was a journalist for the South Wales Echo from 1966 to 1971.

References 

Welsh politicians
1943 births
Living people
Vatra Dornei

Vatra Dornei is a city, spa, and resort in Suceava County, Romania.  It contains the city proper and three villages: Argestru, Roşu and Todireni.

Other websites 
 Website with information, old&new pictures, history and more about Vatra Dornei 
 Official site
 Website with information about Vatra Dornei 

Municipalities of Romania
Cities in Romania
Spa towns
Long-nosed bandicoot

The long-nosed bandicoot, Perameles nasuta, is a member of the bandicoot family which lives along the east coast of Australia from Victoria to Queensland. They are also found on the island of Tasmania. There are four species of long-nosed bandicoots, but Perameles nasuta is found in forests and rainforests. It has the shortest gestation and highest reproduction rate of all mammals.

They live in small hidden nests, in among shrubs, hollow logs, or old rabbit burrows. Bandicoots are protected by law, but the areas they like to live in have been cleared for farming or housing. They are also hunted by dogs, cats and foxes. Rabbits have eaten many of the plants and made it unsuitable for bandicoots. Around Sydney, they listed as an endangered species.

Description 
The long-nosed bandicoot is a small animal, from 20—42.5 cm long with a thin rat like tail, from 7.5—17 cm in length. They weigh between 0.5—1.9kg. They are covered in coarse grey to brown fur, sometimes with a hint of yellow or orange. Their underbelly is a cream color. Being a marsupial the females have a rear opening pouch to carry their young. They have five clawed toes fingers on their front legs.

Breeding 
The long-nosed bandicoot lives by itself, often chasing away other bandicoots. Their breeding season depends on the region in which they live. The female gives birth to two or three young after a short gestation period of 12 days. The tiny babies, blind and hairless, about 13mm in length, then move to the pouch where they are able to drink milk from the females eight nipples. They leave the pouch at about 54 days. The female is then ready to breed again. they live for between three and five years.

Diet 
The long-nosed bandicoot is a nocturnal animal, coming out at night to find and eat insects, beetles, snails, worms, mice, lizards and tree roots. They are able to smell their food to find it. They use their front claws to dig a hole big enough to get their long nose in to find the food. They can be very unpopular in urban areas for digging up gardens. While looking for food they make a shrill high pitched squeak.

References 

Marsupials of Australia
Euroa, Victoria

Euroa is a town in north-east Victoria, Australia about 147 kilometers from Melbourne. It is close to the Strathbogie Ranges. In 2006 there were 2,776 people living in the town. The name Euroa comes from an Aboriginal word meaning "joyful".

History 
Major Mitchell camped on the banks of the Seven Creeks at Euroa during his 1836 expedition from Sydney.
 
The Post Office opened on 1 January 1854 as the township was settled. Euroa became famous when the bank was robbed by Ned Kelly on December 10, 1878. The Kelly Gang got away with about £2000. There are a number of historic buildings still standing in Euroa. These include the Farmers Arms Hotel which was built in 1876, and is now used as a museum. Other buildings are the post office (1890), the old  National Bank buildings (1885), the Euroa Hotel (1884) and Blairgowrie House (1890). The first church built in Euroa was the Catholic Church (1867).

The Euroa court house was built in 1892 at a cost of £1354. It was designed by architect J.T.Kelleher, but many now believe it was the work of A.J.McDonald. The court house was closed in 1989.

Sheep farming was a major business, with fine wool Saxon merino sheep being introduced in 1851. Farmers are now making more money from horses.

Facilities 
Euroa is roughly midway between Melbourne and Albury. The area is very flat, although the Strathbogie Ranges about 20 km south east of the town.

Euroa has several retirement villages, one high school, and two primary schools. The Shire of Strabogie is based in Euroa.

The main road from Melbourne northward is the Hume Highway. A by-pass was built around the town and since then Euroa has been a quiet town with little growth or business.

The town is located on the main North East railway, and is served by V/Line passenger services.

Sport 
The town has an Australian Rules Football team, the "Euroa Magpies", competing in the Goulburn Valley Football League.

Golfers play at the course of the Euroa Golf Club  on Walters Road.

Famous people 
Three winners of the Victoria Cross for Australia came from the Euroa area:

Lieutenant Leslie Cecil Maygar – 5th Victorian Mounted Rifles, A.F. – Boer War
Corporal Alexander Stewart Burton - 7th Battalion, A.I.F. - World War I
Lieutenant Frederick Harold Tubb – 7th Battalion, A.I.F. – World War I

Sports people 
Euroa is the birthplace of cricket legend, Merv Hughes.

Other websites 
Australian Places - Euroa

References 

Ned Kelly
Ralph Almas

Ralph Clayton "Red" Almas (April 26, 1924 - May 13, 2001) was a professional Canadian ice hockey goaltender who played for the Chicago Blackhawks and Detroit Red Wings of the National Hockey League. He wore the jersey number "1".

References

Other websites

1924 births
2001 deaths
American Hockey League players
Canadian ice hockey goaltenders
Chicago Blackhawks players
Detroit Red Wings players
Ice hockey people from Saskatchewan
People from Saskatoon
Craig Anderson (ice hockey)

Craig Anderson (born May 21, 1981 in Park Ridge, Illinois) is a professional American ice hockey goaltender currently playing for the Ottawa Senators of the NHL. He also played for the Chicago Blackhawks, Florida Panthers, and Colorado Avalanche.

Career statistics

Regular season and playoffs
Bolded numbers indicate season/playoff leader

International

References

1981 births
American Hockey League players
Bill Masterton Memorial Trophy winners
Chicago Blackhawks players
Colorado Avalanche players
Florida Panthers players
American ice hockey goaltenders
Living people
Ontario Hockey League players
Ottawa Senators players
People from Park Ridge, Illinois
Sportspeople from Illinois
Dušan Petković

Dušan Petković (born 13 June 1974) is a former Serbian football player. He has played for Serbia national team.

Club career statistics

|-
|1992/93||rowspan="4"|OFK Beograd||rowspan="4"|First League||7||1
|-
|1993/94||2||0
|-
|1994/95||11||0
|-
|1995/96||18||0

|-
|1995/96||Mallorca||Segunda División||12||0
|-
|1995/96||Écija Balompié||Segunda División||13||1

|-
|1996/97||OFK Beograd||First League||25||1

|-
|1997||rowspan="2"|Yokohama Marinos||rowspan="2"|J. League 1||11||2
|-
|1998||1||0

|-
|1999/00||rowspan="2"|OFK Beograd||rowspan="2"|First League||29||2
|-
|2000/01||27||2

|-
|2001/02||Wolfsburg||Bundesliga||4||1
|-
|2002/03||Nürnberg||Bundesliga||22||2

|-
|2004||Spartak Moscow||Premier League||12||3

|-
|2005/06||OFK Beograd||Superliga||5||1

|-
|2006||rowspan="2"|Saturn Moscow Oblast||rowspan="2"|Premier League||9||0
|-
|2007||1||0
124||7
25||1
12||2
26||3
22||3
209||16
|}

International career statistics

|-
|2000||1||0
|-
|2001||2||0
|-
|2002||0||0
|-
|2003||0||0
|-
|2004||4||0
|-
!Total||7||1
|}

References

1974 births
Living people
Serbian footballers
People from Belgrade
Paulinho McLaren

Paulo César Vieira Rosa (born 28 September 1963) is a Brazilian professional athlete.  He is best known as a football player.

Club career statistics

|-
|1996||Bellmare Hiratsuka||J. League 1||10||2
10||2
10||2
|}

References

1963 births
Living people
Brazilian footballers
Diego Lugano

Diego Lugano (born 2 November 1980) is a Uruguayan football player. He plays for Fenerbahçe and Uruguay national team.

Club career statistics 

|-
|1999||rowspan="2"|Nacional||rowspan="2"|Primera División||2||0
|-
|2000||6||0
|-
|2001||rowspan="2"|Plaza Colonia||Segunda División||12||0
|-
|2002||Primera División||34||4
|-
|2003||Nacional||Primera División||5||0

|-
|2003||rowspan="4"|São Paulo||rowspan="4"|Série A||24||1
|-
|2004||34||1
|-
|2005||27||6
|-
|2006||11||0

|-126
|2006/07||rowspan="4"|Fenerbahçe||rowspan="4"|Süper Lig||24||4
|-
|2007/08||23||0
|-
|2008/09||25||7
|-
|2009/10||||
59||4
106||8
72||11
237||23
|}

International career statistics 

|-
|2003||1||0
|-
|2004||1||0
|-
|2005||7||0
|-
|2006||2||0
|-
|2007||11||0
|-
|2008||9||2
|-
|2009||10||2
|-
!Total||41||4
|}

References 

1980 births
Living people
Uruguayan footballers
KFC Uerdingen 05

KFC Uerdingen 05 is a football club from the Uerdingen district of Krefeld in Germany. The club plays in the NRW-Liga, which is the 5th division in Germany.

History
The club was founded on 17 November 1905 as FC Uerdingen 05. In 1953 it merged with 1983 and 1995. In 1985 they won the German Cup. The next year they reached the semifinals of the UEFA Cup winners cup. In 1988 they won the German Indoor Cup. In 1995 they lost their main sponsor the Bayer AG and had financial problems. They were relegated the next years to the Regionalliga Nord (3rd division). Because they got no licence they were relegated to Oberliga Nordrhein (4th division) At the moment they play in the NRW-Liga.

Name
1905-1953 FC Uerdingen 05
1953-1995 FC Bayer 05 Uerdingen
1995-present KFC Uerdingen 05

Current squad
As of 17 April 2011

Manager history
 07.01.1970 – 06.30.1977 Klaus Quinkert
 07.01.1977 – 06.30.1979 Siegfried Melzig
 07.01.1979 – 06.30.1981 Horst Buhtz
 07.01.1981 – 06.30.1983 Werner Biskup
 07.01.1983 – 06.30.1984 Friedhelm Konietzka
 07.01.1984 – 06.30.1987 Karl-Heinz Feldkamp
 07.01.1987 – 12.01.1987 Horst Köppel
 12.08.1987 – 06.30.1989 Rolf Schafstall
 07.01.1989 – 11.25.1990 Horst Wohlers
 11.26.1990 – 06.02.1991 Friedhelm Konietzka
 06.03.1991 – 05.13.1996 Friedhelm Funkel
 05.14.1996 – 06.30.1996 Armin Reutershahn
 07.01.1996 – 06.30.1997 Hans-Ulrich Thomale
 07.01.1997 – 09.29.1998 Jürgen Gelsdorf
 09.30.1998 – 03.28.1999 Henk ten Cate
 03.28.1999 – 06.30.1999 Ernst Middendorp
 07.01.1999 – 10.31.1999 Herbert Schäty
 11.01.1999 – 06.30.2000 Peter Vollmann
 07.01.2000 – 06.30.2002 Jos Luhukay
 07.01.2002 – 05.13.2004 Claus-Dieter Wollitz
 07.01.2004 – 06.30.2006 Wolfgang Maes
 07.01.2006 – 06.30.2007 Jürgen Luginger
 07.01.2007 – 03.22.2008 Aleksandar Ristić
 03.24.2008 – 06.30.2008 Klaus Berge
 07.01.2008 – 08.11.2008 Richard Towa
 08.11.2008 – 18.09.2009 Uwe Weidemann
 18.09.2009 – 30.03.2010 Wolfgang Maes
 31.03.2010 – 17.05.2010 Edgar Schmitt
 Since 10.06.2010 Peter Wongrowitz

Honours
German Cup: 1985

UEFA Intertoto Cup: 1988, 1990, 1991, 1992

European Cup Winners' Cup: Semi-finals 1986

Youth
 German Under 19 championship
 Champions: 1987
 German Under 17 championship
 Champions: 1987

References

German football clubs
Sport in North Rhine-Westphalia
FC St. Pauli

F.C. St. Pauli 1910 is a German sports club which plays in Sankt Pauli quarter of Hamburg/ Germany.  It is part of a larger sports club with different sections. 2010 they were promoted to the Bundesliga but were relegated the same season. They play in the 2. German Bundesliga.

sections (range) 
 Football
 American Football (St. Pauli Buccaneers)
 Football for blind people
 Rugby
 Bowling
 Boxing
 Table football
 Table tennis

Football

Stadium 

 Name – Millerntor-Stadion
 Town – Hamburg
 Capacity – 24.487
 Opening – 1963

Current squad 
Correct as of 26 September 2012

Coaching staff

Fans 
In 2010, FC St. Pauli celebrated 100 years anniversary since the founding of FC Wed Pauli. At present FC holds mostly it's loyal fans, who are very active and come in large numbers both at home and away games. 18auf12 (officially registered fan club) written recorded with the artist Christoph Brüx the Birthdaysong 100 years FC St. Pauli - One Hundred Beers for You.

St. Pauli opens its home matches with "Hells Bells" by AC/DC, and after every home goal "Song 2" by Blur is played.

References

Other websites 
 FC St. Pauli 
 St. Pauli Fans 
 fanclub 18auf12:  One Hundred Beers 

German football clubs
Sport in Hamburg
1910 establishments in Europe
1910s establishments in Germany
Arminia Bielefeld

D.S.C. Arminia Bielefeld is a football club which plays in Germany.

Name 
 1905-1919 1. Bielefelder FC Arminia
 1919-1922 TG Arminia Bielefeld
 1922-1926 1. Bielefelder FC Arminia
 1926-present DSC Arminia Bielefeld

German football clubs
Sport in North Rhine-Westphalia
Bielefeld
Arminia Bielefeld