cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
The Flame in All of Us

The Flame in All of Us is the last album released by Thousand Foot Krutch. It was released on September 18, 2007. It has more of a rock sound than earlier albums, but also has some softer songs. The band recorded with producer Ken Andrews in the Spring of 2007. The album began at #58 on The Billboard 200 charts.

Five songs from The Flame in All of Us were put on the internet before the album actually released. One of them, Falls Apart was a single for the band.

Songs 

2007 albums
Hard rock albums
Nu metal albums
Falls Apart

Falls Apart was a single released by Thousand Foot Krutch in 2007. It was made available online in July 2007. It is on their album The Flame in All of Us.

Music video 
The "Falls Apart" video starts off showing the band in a dark wood room, with lots of rope around them. The members only have enough room to play their instruments. Eventually a man and a woman are shown and they are being held together by ropes. The man walks over to the woman and puts his arm around her. After a while she gets up and starts walking away, but then the ropes come off around everyone (the band and the couple alike). Because of this all of the body parts of the couple lie on the floor. But the man's hand crawls to the woman's hand and they hold each other while the band ends the song. 

2007 songs
Network computing

Network computing is when computers work together over a network. Network computing is "Storing and/or running applications in servers in a network" This means that the network may use the power from all the networked computers to perform complex tasks. The network could also be for sharing files so that they can be looked at on any computer in the network easily.

Network computing is the opposite to Stand-alone computing. This is where computers are not connect to a network. Most laptops and home computers do their jobs alone and are stand-alone computers.

References

Network Computing  at network-computing.net

Computer networking
Bandwidth (computing)

In computer network and computer science, digital bandwidth or just bandwidth means the amount of data that can be sent from one point to another in a certain period of time. It is measured as a bit rate expressed in bits per second (bits/s) or multiples of it (kbit/s Mbit/s etc.) 

Digital bandwidth should not be confused with:
Network throughput: which is the average rate of successful data transfer through a connection. 
Data transfer: which is the quantity of data transferred over a given period of time.

Bandwidth in web hosting 
In web hosting, the term "bandwidth" is often used to describe the amount of data transferred to or from the website within a defined period of time. Another more specific phrase used for this meaning of bandwidth is monthly data transfer.

Web hosting companies often quote a monthly data transfer for a website, for example 500 gigabytes per month. If the total amount of data downloaded from the website in a particular month reaches this limit, the hosting company may shut off further public access to the site.

Internet connections bandwidths

Broadband
Sometimes, the word "broadband" is used to mean "high-speed", especially with high-speed internet connections.  "Broadband" means "wide band", and suggests high-speed.  However, the term is not clear;  "high-speed" is more clear. A dial-up telephone connection is most often thought to be low-speed, at less than 56,000 bit/s (bits per second). High-speed is usually 200,000 bit/s or faster. DSL (Digital Subscriber Line) or Cable modem connections are usually high-speed.

References 

Computer science
Niki Fm

Niki FM is a song by Hawthorne Heights. It is one of their most famous songs, and their second hit.

The band's singer,  JT, says it is his most personal song from the album The Silence in Black and White, and is his favourite song to perform live in concert. They still play it at concerts, although without the harsh vocals that are on the single.

Music video 

The music video for Niki FM starts with a room with a lot of people in. JT is at the front, and someone in the audience is touching someone's leg. The video also includes JT being kissed by another woman. It shows him in a room tearing a picture in two and he stares at it. He has a radio and goes outside the young woman's house to match with the lyrics "I'm outside of your window, with my radio". The girl walks away and leaves him, and the song finishes.

2004 songs
Gears of War 2

Gears of War 2 is a third-person shooter video game made by Epic Games and published by Microsoft. It can only be played on Microsoft's own Xbox 360 console. It is the sequel to the popular Xbox 360 game Gears of War. The game was released around the world on November 7 2008. By November 12 it had already sold over 2 million copies.

References 

2008 video games
Xbox 360 games
Microsoft video games
Epic Games

Epic Games is a video game company based in North Carolina, USA. They are famous for making the Fortnite, Unreal Tournament, and Gears of War series' of video games.

American video game companies
Companies based in North Carolina
1991 establishments in the United States
Riemann sum

In mathematics, the Riemann sum is a method of approximating the integral of a function over an interval. One representation of the integral, is the area under a curve in a graph.  The Riemann sum is calculated   by splitting the region into equal parts. In each part, the function is replaced by a shape. Shapes that are commonly used are rectangles, trapezoids, parabolas and cubics.The area of the similar shape can then be calculated. This method is often used when finding the closed form integral is difficult or impossible. The shapes used also influence how accurate the approximation is. More complex shapes give a higher accuracy, but this also means that calculating the approximation becomes more difficult.

Because the region filled by the small shapes is usually not exactly the same shape as the region being measured, the Riemann sum will differ from the area being measured. This error can be reduced by dividing up the region more finely, using smaller and smaller shapes. As the shapes get smaller and smaller, the sum approaches the Riemann integral.

The Riemann sum  may also be used to define the integration operation. The sum is named after a German mathematician who was called Bernhard Riemann.

Definition

You divide the horizontal length under the part of the function you want to evaluate into "n" equal pieces.  That is the n on top of the Σ (Greek letter sigma).  The (xi-xi-1) represents the size of one horizontal segment that is created from dividing the whole by the "n".  The f(yi) is a y value in an "n" segment.  Since the area of a rectangle is length × width, the multiplication of xi and f(yi) is the area of a rectangle for that part of the graph.  The Σ means we add up all of these small rectangles to get an approximation of the area under the segment of a function.

Other websites
A simulation showing the convergence of Riemann sums

Calculus
Beatitudes

The Beatitudes (from Latin beatus, meaning "blessed" or "happy") are a list of traits that Christians should follow told by Gospel of Matthew and Gospel of Luke. Some of these include humbleness, meekness, and making peace. 

Jesus Christ taught these ideas as part of a three lesson sermon; the Sermon on the Mount.

References 

Gospels
Asceticism

Ascetic redirects here. You might also be looking for acetic acid. The term should not be confused with aestheticism.

Asceticism (Greek: askēsis) is a word that describes a certain way of living. In this kind of life, a person gets rid of worldly pleasures for religion or spirituality. A person might not have sex or drink alcohol. One might spend much of their time in prayer or meditation. Often, the reason is to follow goals of Christianity and the Indian religions (including yoga). These teach that salvation and freedom involve a process of changing one's mind and body. This is done by limiting speech, what one thinks and does with the body. 

The earliest people who practiced Buddhism, Jainism, and the Christian hermits, lived very simply and without luxury. They rejected sensual pleasures and keeping money. This did not mean that life could not be enjoyed. But spiritual and religious goals are hindered by such indulgence. 

Asceticism is closely related to the abstinence and the Christian concept of chastity and might be said to be the technical implementation of the abstract vows of renunciation. Those who practice ascetic lifestyles do not consider their practices as virtuous but pursue such a life-style in order to satisfy certain technical requirements for mind-body transformation. There is remarkable uniformity among the above religions with respect to the benefits of sexual continence. Religions teach that purifying the soul also involves purification of the body which thereby enables connection with the Divine and the cultivation of inner peace. In the popular imagination asceticism is considered a sort of perversion (self-flagellation by birch twigs as the archetypal stereotype of self-mortification) but the askēsis enjoined by religion functions in order to bring about greater freedom in various areas of one's life, such as freedom from compulsions and temptations bringing about peacefulness of mind with a concomitant increase in clarity and power of thought. Asceticists sometimes neglect their maslowist or maslowic needs.

Other page 
Simple living

References

Lifestyles
Human behavior
San Marco, Florence

Museo Nazionale di San Marco is a church and Dominican convent. in Florence, Italy. The church also has the Museum of St. Mark (Museo di S. Marco) which shows paintings by Fra Angelico.

The Domincan Convent was begun in the early 1400s. The first "prior" (head man) was St. Antoninus of Florence. The famous painter known as Fra Angelico was one of the first of the Dominican Friars to live and work there. He later became the prior. The land for the convent was given to the friars by Cosimo Medici.  The monks lived in small rooms called "cells". Cosimo had a cell built for himself, where he could stay sometimes. Between 1447 and 1452 Cosimo got his favourite architect, Michelozzo, to build a large new library and improve other parts of the building. In the late 1700s, the facade (front) of the building was rebuilt in a Classical style.

In 1490, the prior of St. Marks was a famous Domincan called Savonarola. He lived in the cell that had once belonged to Cosimo Medici. He was a great preacher. He disliked Cosimo's grandson, Lorenzo Medici, who was often called "Lorenzo the Magnificent" (Lorenzo il Magnifico). He thought that Lorenzo had too much power and was acting like a prince. He preached against Lorenzo, against the Pope and against the Roman Catholic Church. He told everyone that the end of the world was near. Many people became frightened or depressed by the things that he said. Pope Alexander VI had Savonarola arrested. He was tortured and put to death in 1498. 60 years later, the Church agreed that, in fact, he had said nothing wrong.

Treasures
The Library of St. Mark's contains many illuminated manuscripts. Some were probably decorated by Fra Angelico's brother Benedetto. Some may even have been painted by Fra Angelico.

The Museum has a collection of paintings by Fra Angelico. On of the most famous is The Descent from the Cross, which shows the body of Jesus being taken down from the cross where he was crucified. The convent also contains many paintings by Fra Angelico. They are frescos, and decorated many walls, including a painting in each friar's cell.

Another famous fresco is The Last Supper painted in the refectory (dining room) by Domenico Ghirlandaio.

Gallery

Related pages
 Florence Cathedral

References
Anne Mueller von der Haegen and Ruth Strasser, Art and Architecture of Tuscany, Konemann (2001), 

Churches in Italy
Buildings and structures in Florence
Sadhu

In Hinduism, sadhu is a common term for an ascetic or someone who practices yoga (yogi). Sadhus have given up trying to achieve the first three Hindu goals of life: kama (enjoyment), artha (practical objectives) and even dharma (duty). The sadhu is solely dedicated to achieving moksha (liberation) through meditation and contemplation of God. Sadhus often wear ochre-colored clothing, as a symbol that they have given up many things in life.

Hinduism
Digambar

Digambar (sky-clad) is one of the two main sects of Jainism, the other is Svetambar. The word digambara is made up of two words 'dig' and 'ambar',  the person whose clothes (ambar) is the directions (dig). The digambar have a stricter interpretation of Jainism than other sects.

Vows of a monk

Every Digambara monk is required to follow 28 vows (vrats) compulsory.

 Fivefold regulation of activities (samiti)
 Control of speech - Not to criticise anyone.
 Control of thought
 Regulation of movement - To prevent killing of small living beings.
 Care in lifting things
 Examining food and drink before consuming.

References

Citations

Jainism
Squidward Tentacles

Squidward Tentacles is one of the main characters of SpongeBob SquarePants. He is SpongeBob's grumpy neighbor and a coworker of SpongeBob SquarePants that lives in a moai.

SpongeBob SquarePants characters
Fictional characters introduced in 1999
Adam Mickiewicz

Adam Bernard Mickiewicz (; 24 December 179826 November 1855) was a heavily influential national Polish Romantic poet, generally regarded as the greatest figure in Polish literature, especially known for his epic poem Pan Tadeusz. At the later phase of his life he was also a political activist, an ideologue and a Messianic philosopher who lectured Slavic languages at Collège de France.

Life

Early years
Adam Mickiewicz was born on 24 December 1798, either at his paternal uncle's estate in Zaosie (now Zavosse) near Navahrudak (in Polish, Nowogródek) or in Navahrudak itself in what was then part of the Russian Empire and is now Belarus.

Works
In many literary critics' opinion, Mickiewicz is among the most important writers such as Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, George Byron and Homer.

::::Lithuania, my country! You are as good health:
How much one should prize you, he only can tell
Who has lost you.

Notes

Further reading

Other websites

 
 
 

1798 births
1855 deaths
Polish poets
RC6

In cryptography, RC6 is a symmetric-key block cipher derived from RC5. RC6 is a parameterized algorithm with a variable block size, a variable key size, and a variable number of rounds. RC stands for "Rivest Cipher", or alternatively, "Ron's Code".

In 1997, the NIST announced a competition to choose a successor to Data Encryption Standard (DES) to be known as Advanced Encryption Standard (AES). RC6 was derived from RC5 to meet the competition requirements, and was selected as one of the five finalists of the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) competition, but was not selected as a standard.

In order to provide varieties of security and efficiency levels, RC6 allows choices for the block size: 32 bits (for experimentation and evaluation purposes only), 64 bits (for use as a replacement for DES), and 128 bits (intended for AES). The number of rounds can range from 0 to 255, while the key sizes can range from 0 bits to 2040 bits in size. 

RC6 is very similar to RC5 in structure and could be viewed as interweaving two parallel RC5 encryption processes. However, RC6 does use an extra multiplication operation not present in RC5 and the use of four b/4-bit working registers (see splitting of plaintext blocks in feistel cipher) instead of two b/2-bit registers as in RC5 (b is the block size). Integer multiplication is used to increase the diffusion achieved per round so that fewer rounds are needed and the speed of the cipher can be increased.The reason for using four working registers instead of two is mainly for optimization on 32-bit CPUs. The default block size of RC5 was 64 bits, while the default block size of the AES is 128 bits. RC5 has only two working registers. It uses 32-bit operations when dealing with 64-bit blocks and 64-bit operations when dealing with 128-bit blocks, so four working registers are required to build the AES architecture using only 32-bit operations.

RC6 is a proprietary and patented algorithm (by RSA Security  and ), and may require licensing and royalty payments for any products using the algorithm. It was designed by Ron Rivest, Matt Robshaw, Ray Sidney, and Yiqun Lisa Yin, and was also submitted to the NESSIE and CRYPTREC projects.

References

 R.L. Rivest, M.J.B. Robshaw, R.Sidney, and Y.L. Yin. The RC6 Block Cipher . v1.1, August 1998.
 J. Beuchat FPGA Implementations of the RC6 Block Cipher .

Other websites
 SCAN's entry on RC6
 RSA Security's RC6 page 

Cryptography
RC5

In cryptography, RC5 is a simple symmetric-key block cipher. Designed by Ronald Rivest in 1994, RC5 is a parameterized algorithm with a variable block size, a variable key size, and a variable number of rounds. "RC" stands for "Rivest Cipher", or alternatively, "Ron's Code".

In order to provide varieties of security and efficiency levels; RC5 has a variable block size (32, 64 or 128 bits), variable key size (0 to 2040 bits) and variable number of rounds (0 to 255). The original suggested choice of parameters were a block size of 64 bits, a 128-bit key and 12 rounds.

A key feature of RC5 is the use of data-dependent rotations; one of the goals of RC5 was to study and evaluate operations of block ciphers as a cryptographic primitive. RC5 also consists of a number of modular additions and eXclusive OR (Xor)s. The general structure of the algorithm is a Feistel-like network. The encryption and decryption routines can be specified in a few lines of code. The key schedule, however, is more complex, expanding the key using an essentially one-way function with the binary expansions of both e and the golden ratio as sources of "nothing up my sleeve numbers". The simplicity of the algorithm together with the novelty of the data-dependent rotations has made RC5 an attractive subject to study by cryptanalysts.

Cryptanalysis
12-round RC5 (with 64-bit blocks) is susceptible to a differential attack using 244 chosen plaintexts. 18–20 rounds are suggested as sufficient protection.

RSA Security, which has a patent on the algorithm, offered a series of US$10,000 prizes for breaking ciphertexts encrypted with RC5, but these contests have been discontinued as of May 2007. A number of these challenge problems have been tackled using distributed computing, organised by Distributed.net. Distributed.net has brute-forced RC5 messages encrypted with 56- and 64-bit keys, and now is working on cracking a 72-bit key. At the current rate (as of November 12, 2008), it will take approximately 1,000 years to test every possible key to complete the project.

References

Other websites 
 Rivest's paper describing the cipher
 SCAN's entry for the cipher
 RSA Laboratories FAQ — What are RC5 and RC6? 
 Helger Lipmaa's links on RC5 
 RSA's patent via Google.

Cryptography
Altaic languages

Altaic is a language system that includes the Turkic languages, Mongolic, and the Tungusic languages. That is probably the meaning attributed to "Altaic" by most general linguists. 

It has disputed language families, but only a few linguists still believe that it existed. It supposedly had 66 languages that are now spoken by about 348 million people, mostly in and around Central Asia and northeast Asia.

However, since the publication of Gustaf John Ramstedt's Einführung in 1952–1957, most Altaicists have included Korean in Altaic. Since the publication of Roy Andrew Miller's Japanese and the Other Altaic Languages in 1971, some also included Japanese (Nicholas Poppe) or Japonic, consisting of Japanese and Ryukyuan.

A few linguists (such as (Street 1962)) even count Ainu with the Altaic languages but as part of a node including Korean and Japanese, in contrast to a Turkic-Mongolic-Tungusic node, with Korean-Japanese-Ainu and Turkic-Mongolic-Tungusic, in turn, forming a higher-level node.

The core version of Altaic, consisting of Turkic, Mongolic, and Tungusic, is sometimes referred to as "Micro-Altaic," and the expanded version, including Korean and sometimes Japanese, is referred to as "Macro-Altaic," but even the core version is very controversial.

References

Other websites 
 Altaic family tree Ethnologue
 Altaic languages  MSN Encarta
 Monumenta altaica Altaic linguistics website
 Altaic etymology section in StarLing databases
 Defense of Altaic  by Alexis Manaster Ramer (1994)

Languages
Mongolian language

The Mongolian language (, Mongol kele, Cyrillic: Монгол хэл, Mongol khel) is the best-known member of the Mongolic language family and the language of most of the residents of Mongolia, where it is officially written with the Cyrillic alphabet and of around three million Mongolian speakers in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China, where it is officially written with the traditional Mongolian script. It is also spoken in some areas in the Russian Far East and Kyrgyzstan. The majority of speakers in Mongolia speak the Khalkha (or Halh) dialect, while those in China speak one of many Inner Mongolian dialects.

References 

 Janhunen, Juha (ed.) (2003): The Mongolic languages. London: Routledge.

Other websites 

 Ethnologue report for Khalkha Mongolian
 Lingua Mongolia Information on classical Mongolian, including an online dictionary
 Omniglot - Mongolian Alphabets
 Mongolian bilingual dictionaries
RC2

In cryptography, RC2 is a symmetric-key block cipher. Designed by Ronald Rivest in 1987. "RC" stands for "Rivest Cipher", or alternatively, "Ron's Code".

RC2 is a 64-bit block cipher with a variable key size and using 18 rounds.

Rounds are arranged as a source-heavy feistel network, with 16 rounds of one type called "mixing rounds" interleaved by two rounds of another type called "mashing rounds".

The 18 rounds are performed using the following interleaved sequence: 
 perform 5 mixing rounds.
 perform 1 mashing round.
 perform 6 mixing rounds.
 perform 1 mashing round.
 perform 5 mixing rounds.

RC2 uses key-expansion algorithm by which an expanded key consisting of 64 (16-bit words) is produces depending in a complicated way on every bit of the supplied "variable-length" input key. A mixing round consists of four applications of the "mix-up" transformation, as shown in the diagram. A round is "mashed" by adding to it one of the 16-bit words of the expanded key (RFC 2268).

RC2 is susceptible to a related-key attack using 234 chosen-plaintext attacks (Kelsey et al., 1997).

The development of RC2 was sponsored by Lotus, who were seeking a custom cipher be exported as part of their Lotus Notes software, after evaluation by the NSA. The NSA suggested a couple of changes, which Ronald Rivest incorporated. After further negotiations, the cipher was approved for export in 1989.

Along with RC4, RC2 with a 40-bit key size was treated under US export regulations for cryptography. Now all 40-bit encryption algorithms are obsolete because they are dangerously susceptible to brute force attacks.

Initially, the details of the algorithm were kept secret — proprietary to RSA Security — but on 29 January 1996, source code for RC2 was anonymously posted to the Internet on the Usenet forum, sci.crypt. A similar post had occurred earlier with RC4. It is unclear whether the poster had access to the specifications or whether it had been reverse engineered.

References 
 Steven Levy, Crypto: How the Code Rebels Beat the Government — Saving Privacy in the Digital Age, , 2001.
 Lars R. Knudsen, Vincent Rijmen, Ronald L. Rivest, Matthew J. B. Robshaw: On the Design and Security of RC2. Fast Software Encryption 1998: 206–221
 John Kelsey, Bruce Schneier, David Wagner: Related-key cryptanalysis of 3-WAY, Biham-DES, CAST, DES-X, NewDES, RC2, and TEA. ICICS 1997: 233–246

Other websites 
 RFC 2268 - A Description of the RC2(r) Encryption Algorithm
 RSA FAQ: What is RC2? 
 sci.crypt posting revealing the RC2 algorithm

Cryptography
1999 East Timorese crisis

The 1999 East Timorese crisis  was a conflict. Militia who did not like the independence in East Timor started the conflict when they attacked civilians. These attacks led to more violence all over the country. Most of the violence occurred in the capital Dili.

The violence started after the result of an election was independence from Indonesia. About 1400 people are thought to have died. An UN force (InterFET) made up mainly of people from the Australian Defence Force was sent to East Timor to establish and maintain peace.

Details

Background: referendum 
In 1999, there was a lot of pressure on Indonesia. Therefore, the Indonesian government decided to hold a vote. In this referendum it asked the people of East Timor, whether they wanted to stay with Indonesia or become independent. Portugal had done some lobbying. The referendum was held on August 30. In it, a clear majority (78.5%) of people voting said they would prefer to become independent. The alternative proposal would have been to stay with Indonesia, but to have many freedoms as an autonomous province, called Special Autonomous Region of East Timor (SARET).

Violence 
Directly after the referendum, violence broke out. The violence came from Indonesian soldiers and from a special East Timorese pro-integration militia which was supported by Indonesia. These troops became violent and terrorised the population. They did not like how the people had voted. About 14,000 Timorese people were killed. 300.000 had to flee to West Timor to live as refugees. Most of the infrastructure of the country, including houses, watering systems, and the electricity was destroyed. Noam Chomsky said: "In one month, this massive military operation murdered some 2,000 people, raped hundreds of women and girls, displaced three-quarters of the population, and demolished 75 percent of the country's infrastructure."

InterFET 
On 20 September 1999 the Australian-led peacekeeping troops of the International Force for East Timor (INTERFET) came to the country. This ended the violence. Activists in Portugal, Australia, the United States, and elsewhere pressured their governments to take action. US President Bill Clinton eventually threatened Indonesia, that the IMF loans would be stopped. Indonesia was in deep economic troubles already. The Indonesian government agreed to withdraw its troops and allowed a multinational force into Timor to stabilize the area. It was clear that the UN did not have sufficient resources to fight the paramilitary forces directly. Instead, the UN authorised the creation of a multinational military force known as INTERFET (International Force for East Timor), with Security Council Resolution 1264. 23 nations sent troops, about 11,000 people in total. The force was led by Major-General Peter Cosgrove. Troops landed in East Timor on 20 September 1999.

References 

1999 in Asia
East Timor
Civil wars involving Asia
Conflicts in 1999
Ohio Is for Lovers

Ohio Is for Lovers is a single released by Hawthorne Heights it came from their first album The Silence in Black and White

The lyrics are one of the main reasons why the band are considered to be Emo. It contains the lyrics "cut my wrists and black my eyes" more than once.
Some people take this literally, but the singer has explained its only a Figure of speech the band is against self harming.

The song was charted #34 in America.

About the video 
The album The Silence in Black and White later contained a DVD including the making of "Ohio is for lovers" it shows a spider, and also shows JT in a room alone looking miserable. There's also a young girl in the Ohio is for lovers music video, played by Emma Parris.

2004 songs
Lady Godiva

Lady Godiva (; about 980 – 1067) was an Anglo-Saxon noblewoman. She was married to Earl Leofric and frequently donated to the church, and was highly religious. There are legends that say that she rode naked through the streets of Coventry in England.

Legend
Lady Godiva was the wife of Earl Leofric of Mercia. The Earl’s taxes were very high, and people in Coventry was very upset about it. Lady Godiva begged her husband to lower the taxes many times, but he never agreed to. Finally, the Earl told Lady Godiva that if she rode through the streets completely naked, he would lower the taxes. Lady Godiva sent a message through town that told everyone to close their shutters and stay indoors. Then, she rode through town only clothed by her hair. The Earl gave in and lowered the taxes of the town. However, a tailor named Tom drilled a hole through his shutters, and caught a glimpse of Lady Godiva. He was struck blind, some think from heaven, and some think the town “took care of him” themselves. This is where the phrase “Peeping Tom” for a voyeur comes from. There were many celebrations to remember Lady Godiva’s courage. Peeping Tom was added to the story in the 17th century.

Related pages
 Exhibitionism
 Public nudity
 The Seven Lady Godivas, an early Dr. Seuss book
 Nudity and protest

References

Other websites 

 Lady Godiva, the website of the women's sports team
 Cecilia Parsons, "Countess Godiva", 1999, revised 2004: biography and developing legend
 BBC News – the unearthing of a stained glass window identified with Lady Godiva
 James Grout: Lady Godiva, part of the Encyclopædia Romana
 How Lady Godiva Got a Tax Break

990 births
1067 deaths
English people
Sociology
Nudity
Scandal

A scandal is a very public incident which involves a claim of wrong-doing, shame, or moral offence. A scandal may be about a real event, an untrue event (often called a ) or a mixture of both.  Something which is a scandal can be described as scandalous.

Scandals may be told by , who have access to secrets and allow them to go public. A well-known scandal was the Watergate scandal, in which US President Richard Nixon was found to be supporting and hiding illegal burglaries. 

Untrue claims often lead to a loss of respect for that person, and can destroy their careers. Sometimes an attempt to cover up a scandal creates a bigger scandal when the cover-up does not succeed. 

Sometimes there are scandals surrounding people who work for the president such as during the Grant administration. The Iran-Contra affair was also a known scandal that surrounded Ronald Reagan and his administration. All were not-guilty of the crime.

Words
Countdown to Extinction

Countdown to Extinction is the fifth studio album by American thrash metal band Megadeth. Countdown to Extinction was released on July 6, 1992. It was released through Capitol Records. The album debuted at #2 on the Billboard 200 and sold 128,000 copies in the first week.

The album was nominated for Best Metal Performance at the 1993 Grammy Awards. The title track won the Humane Society's Genesis Award for raising awareness for animal rights issues.

Track listing

2004 Bonus Tracks

References

1992 albums
Megadeth albums
List of goaltenders who have scored a goal in an NHL game

There have been twelve goaltenders who have scored a goal in a National Hockey League (NHL) game. The most recent to do so was Pekka Rinne in 2020.

Scorers
Key

A Ellis had not yet reached the bench to be replaced by an extra attacker (he even attempted to return to stop the puck) and thus the goal was credited as an official goal against Ellis, as opposed to an empty-net goal.
B Replay footage showed that the goal was scored with 0.1 second left in the game.

References

Lists of National Hockey League players
Ice hockey goaltenders
51 Pegasi b

51 Pegasi b, also called Bellerephon or 51 Peg b, is the first extrasolar planet discovered orbiting a main-sequence star,  51 Pegasi. Michel Mayor and Didier Queloz announced the discovery on 6 October 1995. It is 50 light years away in the direction of the constellation Pegasus.

References
 

Exoplanets
Johnny

Johnny Appleseed
Johnny Ball
Johnny Bower
Johnny Carson	
Johnny Cash
Johnny Depp
Johnny Halliday
Johnny Haynes	
Johnny Horton	
Johnny Marr
Johnnny Morris
Johnny Mowers	
Johnny Nash
Johnny Rivers
Johnny Saxton	
Johnny Shines	
Johnny Unitas
Johnny Weir
Johnny Weissmuller
Johnny Winter
Sirrako Ioanninon

Sirrako Ioanninon is a mountainous Greek village. It is in the district of Ioannina in the north-east of Greece. Sirrako is built at an altitude of 1,150 metres up the Lakmos mountain which makes it one of the highest Greek villages. It is a traditional village with old stone houses whose main characteristic is that they have slate roofs.
The Greek famous poet Kostas Krystallis came from Sirraco.

Villages in Greece
Cryptographic protocol

A cryptographic protocol (also known as encryption protocol or security protocol) is an abstract or an existing protocol that performs a security-related function and applies cryptographic methods. 

A protocol describes how the cryptographic algorithms should be used to secure information. The description of a protocol must include details about all data structures and representations, and all details about how to utilize the protocol by programs.

Cryptographic protocols are widely used for secure application-level data transport, in order to secure transferred messages. A cryptographic protocol usually has at least some of these features:
 Key generation.
 Entity authentication.
 Key agreement.
 Symmetric encryption of transferred messages using the agreed generated key.

The term cryptographic protocol is used in different ways. For example, cryptographic application protocols often use one or more underlying Key-agreement protocols which are also sometimes themselves referred to as "cryptographic protocols", like the Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) which uses what is known as the Diffie-Hellman key exchange, Diffie-Hellman may be seen as a complete cryptographic protocol in itself for other applications.

Examples 
 Diffie-Hellman key exchange
 Internet Key Exchange
 IPsec
 Kerberos V5

Related pages
 Secure channel

Other websites 
 Secure protocols open repository

Cryptography
List of Greek islands

This is a list of islands that are part of Greece. They are shown in order of size.

islands
Religious persecution

Religious persecution means unfair treatment of a particular group of people because of their religion. It aims at forcing the religious to go away or give up their religion. "Persecution" comes from a Latin word meaning "chase", and usually meant chasing someone in order to kill them. In later centuries the term was applied to other actions. Religious persecution may occur in the following forms:

violence, including pogroms
social discrimination 
not giving a job to a person because of his religion

Incidents of persecution are periodically reported in many countries. For example in case of India, the United States Department of State in its annual human rights report for 2006 noted attacks against the people of religious groups who are small in number. State Department's annual reports on religious freedom for 2007 expressed concern over organized societal attacks against religious minority in India. Some state governments in India have been accused of not effectively prosecuting those who attack religious minorities. In Iran, Bahá'í Faith is banned.

Types
When the term "religious cleansing" is used, it usually means when a group of people is removed from a certain area. In classical antiquity, religious cleansing was usually done because of economic and political reasons. Sometimes there were also ethnic reasons.

Related pages 
 Antisemitism
 Freedom of religion 
 Persecution of Christians
 Persecution of Muslims
 Religious violence

References 

Religious violence
Discrimination
Persecution of Christians

Persecution of Christians is treating Christians unfairly based on their religion. This can mean using violence against them or putting them in prison. Persecution of Christians exists in many countries which include India, Iran, Pakistan, Nigeria, Afghanistan, Burma, Lebanon, Syria, Sri Lanka etc.

Related pages
 Religious persecution

Ancient Christianity
Discrimination
Christian behavior and experience
Religious violence
Religious violence

Religious violence means the religiously-motivated killing and/or injuring of people of one religion by people of another region.

The September 11 attacks are an example of religious mass-killing. In India, incidents of attacks by hindu-nationalists upon christians have periodically occurred since independence. The United States Department of State in its annual human rights report for 2006 noted attacks against the people of religious groups who are small in number. State Department's annual reports on religious freedom for 2007 expressed concern over organized societal attacks against religious minority in India. Some state governments in India have been accused of not effectively prosecuting those who attack religious minorities.

References
Telugu cinema

Telugu Cinema (Telugu: తెలుగు సినీపరిశ్రమ), means movies and movie-making in the Telugu language. Another word for Telugu Cinema is Tollywood. This is portmanteau made of the words "Telugu" and "Hollywood".

Tollywood movies are produced in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana  states in the Republic Of India.

Related pages
 Bollywood ("Indian Hollywood" - Hindi, Urdu and Marathi cinema)
 Jollywood (Sanskrit cinema)
 Lollywood (Pakistani cinema)
 Mollywood (Malayalam cinema)
 Hollywood

Cinema of India
Sandalwood

For movies of the Indian state of Karnataka, see Sandalwood (cinema).

Sandalwood is a form of wood and also the oil made from it. It is used for perfume and medicine. They are found in India, Australia, Indonesia, and the Pacific Islands. Its genus is Santalum. In Indonesia and Malaysia, its local name is Cendana.

Wood
Perfumery
Oriya film industry

Oriya Film Industry or Ollywood refers to the Bhubaneswar and Cuttack based Oriya film industry in the Republic of India. The origins of that name are disputed, called Ollywood a portmanteau of the words Odia and Hollywood.

Cinema of India
Mollywood

Mollywood refers to Malayalam cinema, movies made in the Indian state of Kerala in the Malayalam language.

Related pages
 Bollywood ("Indian Hollywood" - Hindi, Urdu and Marathi cinema)
 Jollywood (Sanskrit cinema)
 Lollywood (Pakistani cinema)
 Tollywood (Telugu cinema)
 Hollywood

Cinema of India
Teri Yaad (movie)

Teri Yaad is a Pakistani Urdu movie. It is the first movie to be released in the country after Pakistan was created in the separation of India. The movie was released  on 7 August 1948, Eid day. It was the first movie released after the creation of Pakistan, but not the first to be produced by the people who lived in the land that became Pakistan.

Pakistani movies
1948 movies
Urdu-language movies
The Bird and the Bee Sides

The Bird and the Bee Sides is a 2008 album released by Relient K on July 2nd.

The album contains 13 new songs, and many of their B sides and unreleased songs. A few other songs could be found from a scavenger hunt that the band encouraged fans to do. You had to solve a puzzle

It's the first album to feature their current drummer, Ethan Luck.

Track listing

The Nashville Tennis EP

The Bird and the Bee Sides

References

2008 albums
Call and Response: The Remix Album

Call and Response is a remix album by rock band Maroon 5. The album has 18 tracks of songs which Maroon 5 released or has recorded. Producers of the remixed versions of the songs include The Cold War Kids, David Banner, Mark Ronson, Just Blaze, Bloodshy and Avant, Of Montreal and many more music producers. The track list was released in early October of 2008.

Track Listing for Call and Response: The Remix Album 

2008 albums
Maroon 5 albums
Remix albums
Compilation albums
Mukh O Mukhosh

Mukh O Mukhosh (, ) was a 1956 movie. It was the first Bengali language movie to be made in the former (East Pakistan region). It was produced by Iqbal movies and directed by Abdul Jabbar Khan. The movie was released in East Pakistan on 3 August 1956. It was released in Dacca, Chittagong, Narayanganj, and Khulna. The movie was a great success as viewers thronged to watch the first movie to be made in the region. It earned a total of Rs. 48,000 during its initial run.

Pakistani movies
1956 movies
Livadeia

Livadeia is a Greek town. It is in the district of Voiotia in central Greece and its population is 21.385. Livadeia is the capital of Voiotia and it is built on a plane, near Kopaida plane. The distance between Athens and Livadeia is 136 km. North of livadeia is mountain Parnassos and west of Livadeia is mountain Elikonas. In the east and south of Livadeia is the plane of Kopaida. Near Livadeia there is Orchomenos and Cheronia which are historical places.

History of Livadeia 

In antiquity, Livadeia was one of the Boeotian towns. Boeotians were an ancient Greek tribe which was a branch of the Dorian tribe. In Livadeia there was an oracle which was known by the name Trofonion. The Trofonion oracle was very important, although not as important as the Delphi oracle which was located nearby in the north. During the Middle Ages Livadeia was an insignificant town until about the thirteenth century when it became the capital of the Catalonian knights' domain. The Catalonian knights had conquered central Greece when they defeated the Lombard knights in a battle. Later, during the 15th century, the district was conquered by the Ottomans.
During the Ottoman period, Livadeia became an important town of central Greece. There was a castle and a guard was posted in it. The residents were all with Greek origin. Later during the Greek revolution of 1821 against the Turks, Livadeia played a significant role. Livadeia was liberated in 1830 when Greece became an independent state.

Sights of Livadeia 
The most interesting sight of Livadeia is the springs of Krya. These springs are in the edge of the town and they are very beautiful. A river start from these springs whose name is Erkyna. In Livadeia there are some old beautiful houses and an old big clock above the town.

Municipality of Livadeia 
Livadeia is a capital of the Livadeia's municipality. In this municipality, apart from Livadeia belong the villages Romeiko, Lafysti, Tsoukalades and Zeriki.

Cities in Greece
Jiban Thekey Neya

Jibon Theke Neya () is a Bengali movie by Bangladeshi filmmaker Zahir Raihan.

The movie is a political satire based on the Bengali Language Movement, and stars  Shaukat Akbar, Anwar Hossain, Khan Ataur Rahman and Rosy Samad.

Jibon Theke Neya has been described as an example of "national cinema", using discrete local traditions to build a representation of the Bangladeshi national identity.

References

Other websites 
 

1970 movies
Bangladeshi movies
Pheray (1949 movie)

Pheray was a Pakistani Punjabi movie. It was released on August 3, 1949. The movie was directed by Nazir. The movie was a remake of Indian movie Gaon Ki Gori, released in 1945 in India before partition.

Pakistani movies
1949 movies
Punjabi-language movies
Twin Towers

Twin Towers could mean:

In architecture:
 The World Trade Center, formerly in New York City, United States
 The Petronas Twin Towers in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
 The Deira Twin Towers in Dubai, United Arab Emirates
 The Deutsche Bank Twin Towers in Frankfurt, Germany
 The Torres de Santa Cruz in Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
 Twin Tower, a 1970s Hong Kong residential block design
 For other twin towers, see List of twin buildings and structures

In movie and literature:
 Twin Towers (movie), a 2003 Oscar-winning documentary
 In The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy, the fictional location on Ursa Minor Beta where the Guide is published

In sports:
 A San Antonio Spurs front court consisting of Tim Duncan and David Robinson
 The Twin Towers (professional wrestling), a former professional wrestling tag team consisting of Akeem and the Big Boss Man
Live! Live! Live!

{{Infobox Album
| name = Live! Live! Live!
| type = live
| artist = Bryan Adams
| cover = 
| released = 1988
| recorded = July 3, 1988
| genre = Rock
| length = 69:40
| label = A&M Records
| producer = Bryan Adams
| Reviews        =
Allmusic  link
| prev_title = Into the Fire(1987)
! Live! Live!(1988)
| next_title = Waking Up the Neighbours(1991)
}}Live! Live! Live!''''' is a live album released by Bryan Adams in 1988.

Track listing

References 

1988 albums
Bryan Adams albums
A&M Records albums
MTV Unplugged (Bryan Adams album)

MTV Unplugged is an acoustic live album by Canadian musician Bryan Adams.  The album was recorded in September, 1997 at the Hammerstein Ballroom in New York City.  Adams was joined by Irish piper Davy Spillane and Michael Kamen who wrote orchestrations for many of the songs and brought students from the Juilliard School to play them.

The album includes only thirteen of the songs recorded at the show. Many more are included on the MTV Unplugged DVD and the song order is also different than the CD.

Track listing 

1997 albums
Bryan Adams
Bryan Adams albums
So Far So Good (album)

So Far So Good is a compilation album by Bryan Adams, released by A&M Records in November 1993. The album reached number six on the Billboard 200 charts in 1993.

The album contains hits from between "Cuts Like a Knife" (1983) and Waking Up the Neighbours (1991), and a new single, "Please Forgive Me". The only song on the album that has never been released as a single is "Kids Wanna Rock" from Reckless (1984).

Originally the song "So Far So Good" was going to be included on the album so the album started and finished with a new song but it was dropped. The song was included on disc two of Anthology.

Track listing

Chart positions

1993 albums
Bryan Adams albums
Greatest hits albums
A&M Records albums
The Best of Me

The Best of Me is a greatest hits album by Canadian singer Bryan Adams. It was released worldwide in 1999, and in the U.S. in 2002.

Track listing 

Special Tour Edition bonus disc
 "Summer of '69 (Live from South Africa)" – 3:34
 "Back To You (Live from South Africa)" – 5:28
 "Can't Stop This Thing We Started (Live from South Africa)" – 5:12
 "Have You Ever Really Loved a Woman? (Live from South Africa)" – 4:52
 "Rock Steady (Live from South Africa)" – 5:23
 "Cloud Number Nine (Live at Slane Castle)" – 4:09
 "I'm Ready (Live at Slane Castle)" – 4:34
 "Cuts Like a Knife (Live at Slane Castle)" – 6:02

Personnel 
 Bryan Adams (Vocals and Guitar)
 Other personnel varies from track to track.

1999 albums
Bryan Adams albums
Greatest hits albums
A&M Records albums
Anthology (Bryan Adams album)

Anthology is a compilation album by Canadian singer-songwriter Bryan Adams which contains songs he recorded from 1978 through 2005. The two disc set includes songs from 1980–2005. A third disc which was a DVD live concert which was recorded in mid 2005 called "Live in Lisbon" was included in North America for a limited time. All the songs are in chronological order of their release, except the last song on the first disc on the North American edition, which was released in 1999. The album's enclosed booklet has notes about the process of the recordings and the credits for each track.

Release and reception 
Anthology co-produced by Adams, Robert Lange and Bob Clearmountain, peaked at number 65 on the Billboard 200. The album was released on October 18, 2005 and features songs like "Heat of the Night", and "Summer of '69". Anthology peaked at 4 on the Canadian Album Chart 29 on the UK Albums Chart and was certified two times platinum in Canada and gold in the UK.

Version differences 
On the first disc, the North American edition has "The Best of Me" as the last track, while the International edition moved the song to the 2nd disc, and had "All I Want Is You" instead.

On the second disc, The North American edition has two songs from his Album Room Service and a new recorded version of "When You're Gone" with Pamela Anderson, while the International edition has the Chicane song "Don't Give Up" in place of Chicane's remix of "Cloud Number Nine", and a new song "I'm Not the Man You Think I Am" (from the movie Colour Me Kubrick), and the original version of "When You're Gone" with Mel C. instead.

Track listing

Disc one

Disc two

Personnel
Bryan Adams - rhythm guitar, vocals, co-producer
Keith Scott - lead guitar
Tommy Mandel - Hammond organ
Dave Taylor - bass
Mickey Curry - drums
Phil Nicholas - keyboards and programming
Robbie King   - Hammond organ
Bill Payne - piano and Hammond organ
Larry Klein - bass
Ed Shearmur - keyboards
The Tuck Back Twins - background vocals

References 

Bryan Adams albums
2005 albums
Compilation albums