cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Lyda Krewson

Lyda Krewson (born November 14, 1953) is an American Democratic politician. She was the 46th Mayor of St. Louis, Missouri from 2017 until 2021. From 1997 and 2017, she was the alderman of St. Louis's 28th ward. She is the first female mayor of St. Louis.

References

1953 births
Living people
Mayors of St. Louis
Politicians from Iowa
People from Davenport, Iowa
US Democratic Party politicians
Hossein Dehlavi

Hossein Dehlavi () (September 30, 1927 – October 15, 2019) was a Persian composer. He was born in Tehran. For ten years, Dehlavi was the director of and professor at the Persian National Music Conservatory in Tehran. In 1979, he wrote an opera for children called Mana and Mani.

On October 15, 2019, Dehlavi died at his home in Tehran from Alzheimer’s disease-related problems at the age of 92.

References

Other websites
 Hossein Dehlavi Official Website 

1927 births
2019 deaths
Deaths from Alzheimer's disease
Iranian writers
Composers
People from Tehran
Cacho Castaña

Humberto Vicente Castagna (June 11, 1942 – October 15, 2019), better known as Cacho Castaña, was an Argentine singer-songwriter, composer and actor. He was born in Buenos Aires. He was known for his role in the 2000 movie Merry Christmas. His best known composition works were Los Hijos de López and El Cabo Tijereta.

Castaña died of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease-related problems on October 15, 2019 in Buenos Aires at the age of 77.

References

Other websites
 

1942 births
2019 deaths
Deaths from COPD
Argentine singers
Argentine movie actors
Argentine writers
Songwriters
Composers
Actors from Buenos Aires
Tamara Buciuceanu

Tamara Buciuceanu-Botez, (August 10, 1929 – October 15, 2019) was a Romanian actress. She was one of the most successful Romanian actresses of the 1960s–2000s who worked at Odeon Theatre. She was known for Liceenii (1986),  (1992), Silent Wedding (2008) and Everybody in Our Family (2012). Buciuceanu was born in Tighina, Moldova, Romania.

Buciuceanu died of cardiovascular disease at a Bucharest hospital on October 15, 2019 at the age of 90.

References

1929 births
2019 deaths
Romanian movie actors
Romanian television actors
Romanian stage actors
Television personalities
Deaths from cardiovascular disease
Actors from Bucharest
Ruben Salazar

Ruben Salazar (March 3, 1928 – August 29, 1970) was a Mexican-American civil rights activist and a reporter for the Los Angeles Times. He was the first Mexican-American journalist from mainstream media to cover the Chicano community. He was born in Ciudad Juárez, Mexico.

Salazar was killed, aged 42, on August 29, 1970, in Los Angeles, California after he was hit by a tear-gas projectile fired by a Los Angeles County Sheriff's deputy. No criminal charge was filed, but Salazar's family reached an out-of-court financial settlement with the county.

References

1928 births
1970 deaths
Deaths by firearm in the United States
Police misconduct in the United States
American murder victims
Mexican journalists
American journalists
Mexican activists
American civil rights activists
People from Los Angeles
Doc Rivers

Doc Rivers is a basketball coach for the Los Angeles Clippers. 

National Basketball Association coaches
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Whirlwind

A whirlwind is a vortex of wind (a straight rotating column of air) that forms because of turbulence created by heating and flow (current) differences.  Whirlwinds happen all over the world and in any season.

Other websites 

 Fire whirlwind video September 11, 2012 Alice Springs Australia.
 Severe Storm Definitions & Whirlwind Classification  (TORRO)
 Whirlwinds (TORRO)
 A 'hay devil' from National Geographic
 A longer version of the above but poorer quality

Weather
US Ben Guerdane

Union Sportive de Ben Guerdane () or USBG , is a Tunisian football club, based in the city of Ben Guerdane in southeast Tunisia. Founded in 17 July 1936, the team plays in yellow and black colors. Their ground is Stade du 7 Mars, which has a capacity of 10,000.

He managed to reach for the first time in its history in Tunisian Professional League 1 during the season 2015. The club is chaired in 2016 by Mehdi Dbouba with which the team took a new dimension both on the national and continental level.

References

Football clubs
20th-century establishments in Tunisia
1936 establishments
Football in Tunisia
Green Eyes (song)

Green Eyes is a popular song. It was originally written in Spanish under the title Aquellos Ojos Verdes ("Those Green Eyes") by Adolfo Utrera and Nilo Menéndez, 1929. The English translation was made by Eddie Rivera and Eddie Woods in 1931.

The song was a bolero, written in 1929 and recorded in Cuba the same year. The English version of the song, written in 1931, became a major hit ten years later when recorded by the Jimmy Dorsey orchestra. On 78 rpm records, Green eyes was backed by Maria Elena, which was also a hit.The record first reached the Billboard charts on May 9, 1941 and lasted 21 weeks on the chart, peaking at #1. Both numbers have been covered many times, especially in Latin music circles.

References 

Spanish-language songs
Dance songs
Latin music
Fix You

"Fix You" is a song by the English band Coldplay.

2005 songs
Coldplay songs
English-speaking world

Over two billion people speak English. It is the largest language by number of speakers. It is the third largest language by number of native speakers. What this mean is, English is the most widely spoken second language.

Overview 
The United States of America is the largest English-speaking country, with 300 million native speakers. There are 60 million native speakers in the United Kingdom, 29 million in Canada, 25.1 million in Australia, 4.7 million in the Republic of Ireland, and 4.9 million in New Zealand.

In the European Union, English is one of 24 official languages and is widely used by institutions, and by almost all of the population as the native language in the United Kingdom and Ireland. It is a second language in other member states.

Estimates that include second language speakers vary greatly, from 470 million to more than 2 billion. David Crystal calculates that, as of 2003, non-native speakers outnumbered native speakers by a ratio of 3 to 1.p69  When combining native and non-native speakers, English is the most widely spoken language worldwide.

Besides the main dialects of English, countries such as South Africa, India, Nigeria, the Philippines, Jamaica and Trinidad and Tobago  have millions of native speakers of dialect continua. These versions range from English-based creole languages to Standard English. Other countries such as Ghana and Uganda also use English as their primary official languages.

India now claims to be the world's second-largest English-speaking country. The most reliable estimate is about 10% of its population or 125 million people, second only to the US. It may be four times larger in the next decade from 2012.

Countries by English-speaking percentage 
Below is a list of some countries by the rank proficiency in English (listed alphabetically), according to the English Proficiency Index.

Europe

Very high 
 Austria
 Belgium
 Denmark
 Finland
 Germany
 Luxembourg
 Netherlands
 Norway
 Sweden

References 

English language
Janaki Mandir

Janaki Mandir () is a Hindu temple in Janakpur. This temple is dedicated to the Hindu goddess Sita. It is widely known as the Nau Lakha Mandir (meaning "nine lakhs"). It was built by the Queen Vrisha Bhanu of Tikamgarh.

References

Other websites

Hindu temples
Alpha Persei Cluster

The Alpha Persei Cluster (also known as Melotte 20 or Collinder 39) is an open cluster in the constellation of Perseus. 

To the naked eye, the cluster has several blue spectral type B type stars. The most luminous member is the ~2nd magnitude white-yellow supergiant Mirfak, also known as Alpha Persei. Bright members also include Delta, Sigma, Psi, 29, 30, 34 and 48 Persei. The Hipparcos satellite and infrared color-magnitude diagram fitting show the cluster as about ~172 parsecs away from us. 

Since the distance by the independent analyses agree, the cluster is an important rung on the cosmic distance ladder. The age of this cluster is about 5070 million years.

References 

Open star clusters
Gould Belt

The Gould Belt is a partial ring of stars local to us in the Milky Way. It is about 3000 light years across, tilted from the galactic plane by 16 to 20 degrees. It has many large and bright O- and B-type stars.

The belt may be the local spiral arm to which the Sun belongs. At present the Sun is about 325 light years from the arm's centre. The belt is thought to be from 30 to 50 million years old, and of unknown origin. Benjamin Gould identified it in 1879.

The belt contains bright stars in many constellations including (in order going more or less eastward) Cepheus, Lacerta, Perseus, Orion, Canis Major, Puppis, Vela, Carina, Crux (the Southern Cross), Centaurus, Lupus, and Scorpius (including the Scorpius-Centaurus Association).

Overview 
Star-forming regions with bright O and B stars make up the Gould Belt. These regions include the Orion Nebula and the Orion molecular clouds, the Scorpius-Centaurus OB Association, Cepheus OB2, Perseus OB2, and the Taurus-Auriga Molecular Clouds. 

A theory proposed around 2009 suggests that the Gould Belt formed about 30 million years ago when a blob of dark matter collided with the molecular cloud in our region. There is also evidence for similar Gould belts in other galaxies.

See also 
Radcliffe wave, a recent description of our local area of the galaxy.

References

Other websites
 Gould Belt - Astronoo
 Map of the Gould Belt
 3D evolution of the Gould Belt
 The Spitzer Gould Belt Survey

Open star clusters
Milky Way
Drosophila subobscura

Drosophila subobscura is a species of fruit fly in the family Drosophilidae. 

It was originally found around the Mediterranean, but it has spread to most of Europe and the Near East. It has been introduced into the west coasts of Canada, the United States, and Chile.
 This species is in the Sophophora subgenus.

Study organism for evolutionary biology 
In 1933, A.H. Sturtevant captured a species of Drosophila in England. It was a member of Drosophila subobscura.

D. subobscura, with others in its species group, is a model organism for evolutionary-biological studies. Its genetics and ecology have been studied for over fifty years.

They have served as favourable models ever since Dobzhansky and his colleagues published their influential works in the 1930s and 40s. 

Their use as a regular laboratory fly was promoted by J.B.S. Haldane and John Maynard Smith at University College London over a period of about 30 years. There it was used for research into population genetics, and for teaching genetics. For many years this species was the European "rival" to the D. pseudoobscura favoured by the group in California led by Dobzhansky.

References 

Drosophila
Genetics
Elijah Cummings

Elijah Eugene Cummings (January 18, 1951 – October 17, 2019) was an American politician and civil rights activist. He was a member of the U.S. House of Representatives for  from 1996 until his death in 2019.  Before, he was in the Maryland House of Delegates. He was a member of the Democratic Party and chair of the Committee on Oversight and Reform.

Cummings had surgery to fix his aortic valve in May 2017 and two months later he developed a surgery-related infection. Cummings was later hospitalized for a knee infection. 

On October 17, 2019, Cummings died at Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore, Maryland at the age of 68.

References

1951 births
2019 deaths
People with cancer
American civil rights activists
United States representatives from Maryland
Politicians from Baltimore
US Democratic Party politicians
Morton Mandel

Morton Leon Mandel (September 19, 1921 – October 16, 2019) was an American business magnate, entrepreneur, and philanthropist. He founded the Premier Automotive Supply Company in 1940. It later became one of the world's leading industrial parts and electronic distributors. He was born in Cleveland, Ohio.

Mandel died on October 16, 2019 in Florida at the age of 98.

References

Other websites
The Mandel Foundation Contributes $25 Million To The New Bezalel Campus
Mandel earns degree 74 years after first enrolling
Cooper-Hewitt Receives $10 Million From Morton and Barbara Mandel Family Foundation
American Academy of Arts and Sciences Honors Morton Mandel 

1921 births
2019 deaths
American philanthropists
American military personnel of World War II
Businesspeople from Cleveland, Ohio
Francisco Guterres

Francisco Guterres, popularly known as Lú-Olo (born 7 September 1954) is an East Timorese politician. He has been the 6th and current President of East Timor since 2017.

References

1955 births
Living people
Presidents of East Timor
Current national leaders
President of East Timor

The President of East Timor, officially the President of the Democratic Republic of Timor Leste (, ), is the head of state in East Timor.

The president is elected by popular vote for a five-year term. Their powers are somewhat limited, though they are able to veto legislation. Following elections, the president usually appoints as the prime minister, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition.

List of presidents of East Timor

Key
Political parties
 
 
 

Other factions
 

Symbols
  Assassinated

Presidents of East Timor during War for Independence

Presidents of the Democratic Republic of East Timor

References
Vicente Guterres

Vicente da Silva Guterres (born 22 January 1956) is an East Timorese politician. He is a member of the National Parliament of East Timor and its Vice-President since 2007.

He was elected President of the National Parliament without opposition in July 2012.

References

1956 births
Living people
Presidents of East Timor
Francisco Xavier do Amaral

Francisco Xavier do Amaral (3 December 1937 – 6 March 2012) was an East Timorese politician. Amaral was sworn in as the first President of East Timor when the country, then a Portuguese colony, made a unilateral declaration of independence on 28 November 1975. 

He was a member of the National Parliament for the Timorese Social Democratic Association from 2001 until his death.

References

1937 births
2012 deaths
Presidents of East Timor
Nicolau dos Reis Lobato

Nicolau dos Reis Lobato (24 May 1946 – 31 December 1978) was an East-Timorese politician and national hero.

Lobato was the 1st Prime Minister of East Timor from 28 November to 7 December 1975.

On 31 December 1978, Lobato was ambushed by Indonesian special forces and was killed after being shot in the stomach.

References

1946 births
1978 deaths
Assassinated people
Deaths by firearm
Prime Ministers of East Timor
Presidents of East Timor
Prime Minister of East Timor

The Prime Minister of Timor-Leste (, ) is the head of government in East Timor. The President is the head of state and appoints the Prime Minister.

List of prime ministers of East Timor
Political parties
 
 
 

Other factions

Prime Minister of East Timor during War for Independence

Prime ministers of the Democratic Republic of East Timor

References
Rui Maria de Araújo

Rui Maria de Araújo (born 21 May 1964) is an East Timorese politician. He was the Prime Minister of East Timor from 2015 to 2017. He is a member of Fretilin.

He was Minister of Health from 2001 to 2006 and Deputy Prime Minister from 2006 to 2007.

References

1964 births
Living people
Prime Ministers of East Timor
Mari Alkatiri

Mari bin Amude Alkatiri, GCIH ( ) (born 26 November 1949) is a Timorese politician. He was Prime Minister of East Timor from May 2002 until his resignation on 26 June 2006 and again from September 2017 until May 2018. He is the Secretary-General of the Fretilin party, as well as President of the Special Administrative Region of Oecusse.

References

1949 births
Living people
Prime Ministers of East Timor
Estanislau da Silva

Estanislau da Conceição Aleixo Maria da Silva (born 4 August 1952) is an East Timorese politician. He was a key member of the Fretilin. He was the 4th Prime Minister from May 2007 to August 2007.

He was re-elected to a seat in parliament in the June 2007 parliamentary election as the ninth name on Fretilin's candidate list.

References

1952 births
Living people
Prime Ministers of East Timor
Baby Saroja

Saroja Ramamrutham (Tamil: சரோஜா ராமாமிருதம், 28 January 1931 – 14 October 2019), better known by her screen name Baby Saroja, was an Indian actress. She was known for her roles as a child actor in Tamil movies of the late 1930s. She was known as the "Shirley Temple of India" due to her popularity. Her best known roles were Balayogini (1937), Thyagabhoomi (1939) and Kamadhenu (1941).

Saroja died on 14 October 2019 at her Chennai home at the age of 88.

References

Other websites
 

1931 births
2019 deaths
Indian movie actors
Anke Fuchs

Anke Fuchs (5 July 1937 – 14 October 2019) was a German lawyer and politician. She was a member of the Social Democratic Party of Germany. She was Federal Minister for Youth, Family and Health in 1982 and as Vice President of the Bundestag from 1998 through 2002. From 2003 until 2010, she was the President of the Friedrich Ebert Foundation. Fuchs was born in Hamburg.

Fuchs died on 14 October 2019 Wilhelmshaven, Germany at the age of 82.

References

Other websites
 

1937 births
2019 deaths
German lawyers
German politicians
People from Hamburg
Women lawyers
Khenpo Karthar Rinpoche

Khenpo Karma Tharchin Rinpoche (3 April 1924 – 6 October 2019), widely known Khenpo Karthar Rinpoche, was a senior lama of the Karma Kagyu school of Tibetan Buddhism. He was abbot of Karma Triyana Dharmachakra (KTD) Monastery in Woodstock, New York from 1976 until his death in 2019. He was born in Kham, Tibet.

Rinpoche died at his home in Woodstock on 6 October 2019 at the age of 95.

References

Other websites
KTD web site: Biography of Khenpo Karthar Rinpoche 
Snow Lion Publications: Biography of Khenpo Karthar Rinpoche 

1924 births
2019 deaths
Tibetan people
Educators
Buddhists
Louis Frey Jr.

Louis Frey Jr. (January 11, 1934 – October 14, 2019) was an American politician and radio personality. He was a Republican member of the United States House of Representatives from 1969 until 1979. He represented Florida's 5th district from 1969 to 1973 and the 9th district from 1973 to 1979. He ran unsuccessfully in 1978 for the Republican nomination for governor.

Frey died under hospice care in Winter Park, Florida from dementia-related problems on October 14, 2019 at the age of 85.

References

1934 births
2019 deaths
Deaths from dementia
Disease-related deaths in Florida
American radio personalities
American political commentators
United States representatives from Florida
Politicians from New Jersey
People from Rutherford, New Jersey
US Republican Party politicians
Rutherford, New Jersey

Rutherford is a borough in Bergen County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, the borough's population was 18,061.

References

Boroughs in New Jersey
Don Fuqua

John Donald Fuqua (born August 20, 1933) is an American Democratic politician. He was born in Jacksonville, Florida. He was a member of the United States House of Representatives from Florida's 9th district from 1963 through 1967 and 2nd district from 1967 through 1987.

References

Other websites
 

1933 births
Living people
United States representatives from Florida
Politicians from Jacksonville, Florida
US Democratic Party politicians
Bill Gunter

William Dawson "Bill" Gunter Jr. (born July 16, 1934) is an American politician. He was born in Jacksonville, Florida. Gunter was a member of the Democratic Party. Gunter represented Florida in the United States House of Representatives from the 5th district from 1973 through 1975.

From 1976 through 1989, Gunter was Treasurer, Insurance Commissioner, and Fire Marshal of Florida. He unsuccessfully ran for the Democratic rally for the United States Senate three times, all were failed candidacies.

References

1934 births
Living people
United States representatives from Florida
Politicians from Jacksonville, Florida
US Democratic Party politicians
Bohdan Butenko

Bohdan Butenko (8 February 1931 – 14 October 2019) was a Polish cartoonist, illustrator, comic book writer and artist, as well as puppet designer. He was born in Bydgoszcz, Poland. 

His known works include the comic series Kwapiszon, Gapiszon cartoons, as well as Gucio i Cezar comics (written by Krystyna Boglar). He published his cartoons in numerous children's magazines, such as Płomyk, Płomyczek, Miś, Świerszczyk, as well as the magazines Szpilki and Przekrój, and illustrated many  children's books.

Butenko died in Warsaw on 14 October 2019 at the age of 88.

References

1931 births
2019 deaths
Cartoonists
Illustrators
Polish writers
Comics artists
Richard Huckle

Richard William Huckle (14 May 1986 – 13 October 2019) was a convicted British serial sex offender. He was arrested by Britain's National Crime Agency and convicted of 71 counts of serious sexual assaults against children while posing as a teacher, photographer and devout Christian in Malaysia. He was born in Ashford, Kent.

Huckle was seen as one of Britain's worst ever paedophiles, despite being only 28 years old at the time of his arrest. On 6 June 2016, he was given 22 life sentences with a minimum prison term of 25 years before being eligible to apply for parole.

On 13 October 2019, Huckle was stabbed to death in his cell at HMP Full Sutton in East Riding of Yorkshire at the age of 33.

References

1986 births
2019 deaths
Deaths by beating
Murders by blade weapons
People murdered in the United Kingdom
People who died in prison custody
American prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment
People convicted of child pornography offenses
British people convicted of assault
Murdered criminals
People from Kent
Charles Jencks

Charles Alexander Jencks (21 June 1939 – 13 October 2019) was an American cultural theorist, landscape designer and architectural historian. He was the co-founder of the Maggie’s Cancer Care Centres. He published over thirty books and became famous in the 1980s as theorist of Postmodernism. His works include Garden of Cosmic Speculation and earthworks at Jupiter Artland outside Edinburgh. His continuing project Crawick Multiverse, commissioned by the Duke of Buccleuch, opened in 2015 near Sanquhar.

Jencks was born in Baltimore, Maryland. He died at the age of 80 on 13 October 2019 in London of cancer.

References

1939 births
2019 deaths
Cancer deaths in London
American historians
American architects
American philanthropists
American critics
Writers from Baltimore
Adolfo Mexiac

Adolfo Mexiac (August 7, 1927 – October 13, 2019) was a Mexican graphic artist. He was known for his politically and socially themed work, especially with the Taller de Gráfica Popular. He also painted several murals, the most important of which deals with the history of human law at the University of Colima.

In 2011, a “national homage” was held for the artist at the Museo de la Estampa in Mexico City. He was born in Cuto de la Esperanza, Michoacán.

Mexiac died on October 13, 2019 in Mexico City at the age of 92.

References

Mexican artists
1927 births
2019 deaths
Bergamot essential oil

Bergamot essential oil is an essential oil produced by cells inside the rind (peel) of a bergamot orange fruit. 

The oil is a common  scent in perfumes. It is used in Earl Grey tea blends as flavoring. The scent of bergamot essential oil is similar to a sweet light orange peel oil with a floral note.

References 

Oils
Serbo-Croatian

Serbo-Croatian is the name of a Slavic language, which is spoken in modern-day Croatia, Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Montenegro.

History
Between 1954 and 1992, it was one of the official languages of Yugoslavia (the others were Slovenian and Macedonian). The term Serbo-Croatian was first used in the 1830s. Today, people often speak about Croatian, Serbian, Bosnian and Montenegrin languages. Research has also shown that what is called Serbo-Croatian language, is in fact a number of slightly different dialects or languages, and that a "Serbo-Croatian language" does not exist. People speaking one of the dialects easily understand other people speaking a different dialect. Also, people in Serbia use the Cyrillic alphabet to write the language, while people in other parts use the Roman alphabet.

Slavic languages
Serbia
Montenegro
Kosovo
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Croatia
Slovenia
Iranian toman

The Iranian toman (; from Mongolian tomen 'unit of ten thousand'), is the superunit of the official currency used in Iran, the rial. One toman is equal to ten rials. Even though the rial is the official currency, Iranians use the toman daily.

In the beginning, the toman consisted of 10,000 dinars. Between 1798 and 1825, the toman was split into eight rials, each of 1,250 dinars. In 1825, the qiran was introduced. The qiran was worth 1,000 dinars or one-tenth of a toman.

References
Vasim Mammadaliyev

Vasim Mammadaliyev (; August 27, 1942 – October 13, 2019) was an Azerbaijani scientist of oriental studies. He was the dean of theology faculty at Baku State University, chairman of a cathedra of Arabic philology and full member of Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences.

References

Other websites
 Al-Quran Project includes Vasim Mammadaliyev and Ziya Bunyadov Azerbaijani Quran translation.

Azerbaijani people
Scientists
Academics
1942 births
2019 deaths
Information economics

Information economics is a branch of economics that studies how information and information systems affect an economy. 

Information is not like normal physical products. It influences many decisions but it is  hard to trust. It is easy to create and to spread but hard to control. 

Subfields of economics
Web software
Ángel Pérez García

Ángel Pérez García (16 October 1957 – 17 October 2019) was a Spanish footballer. He was born in Madrid. He played as a defender, and was a manager. García played for Real Madrid from 1980 through 1982. From 1985 through 1991, he played for Real Murcia.

García died on 17 October 2019 in Madrid of cancer, a day after his 62nd birthday.

References

Other websites

1957 births
2019 deaths
Spanish football managers
Cancer deaths in Spain
Sportspeople from Madrid
Spanish footballers
Bob Kingsley

Robert Gibson "Bob" Kingsley (March 19, 1939 – October 17, 2019) was an American country music radio personality. He was host of the nationally syndicated programs American Country Countdown (ACC) from 1978 to 2005 and Bob Kingsley's Country Top 40 from 2006 until his death. In 2010, Kingsley was nominated and added for the National Radio Hall of Fame.

On October 9, 2019, Kingsley was diagnosed with bladder cancer. He died from the disease at his home in Weatherford, Texas a week later on October 17 at the age of 80.

References

1939 births
2019 deaths
Deaths from bladder cancer
Cancer deaths in Texas
American radio personalities
Entertainers from Texas
Baldwin Street

Baldwin Street, in Dunedin, New Zealand was the steepest street in the world. In 1987, Guinness World Records said it was the steepest. It is in the suburb of North East Valley. It is  northeast of Dunedin's central business district.

On 16 July 2019, Ffordd Pen Llech in Wales, became the world's steepest street. Baldwin Street's gradient is 35%, and Ffordd Pen Llech's gradient is 37.45%.

References

Other websites

 Baldwin Street  (Deutsch)
 Map of Baldwin Street (from Wises Maps)
 Baldwin Street in Google Street View

Roads
Transport in New Zealand
George Meredith

George Meredith was a Victorian poet and novelist who wrote about Women’s rights and was known for his theories about comedy.

Poets
Year of birth unknown
Year of death unknown
Minor character

A minor character is a fictional character in a book, movie or television series who either does not appear very often or is not very important.

Fictional characters
Designer bag

ita bags or "It bags" began mostly after the Second World War. They became popular and more common in the 1990s. The idea was led by the famous fashion houses, such as Hermès, Chanel, and Louis Vuitton. Their popularity was fuelled by more women having surplus money, and being competitive. Like expensive perfumes, designer bags provide a way for fashion houses to increase income by expanding their range of products. They have become an influential part of the fashion culture.

By 2008 the popularity of the "It bag" was reported to be in decline. In May 2011, although there would always be customers for expensive status bags, Celia Walden reported that the concept of the must-have "It bag" was no longer in fashion.

References

Other sources  
The Tassen Museum   is a museum of bags in Amsterdam.

Fashion
Graham Douglas Caie

Graham Douglas Caie  is an emeritus Scottish scholar, who is vice president of ALLEA, the European Federation of Academies of Sciences and Humanities. In 2015, Graham Caie was appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) for his services to Education and Research in Britain and Europe.

Education and career 
Graham Caie was born and raised in Aberdeen, Scotland and attended the Aberdeen Grammar School. He completed his MA (hons) in English at the  Aberdeen University in 1968, then obtained the degrees of MA (research) and PhD at McMaster University, Canada. 

In 1972, Graham was appointed lecturer at the University of Copenhagen, where he co-founded the Centre for Medieval Studies at Copenhagen, University of Copenhagen. In 1990, he was appointed to the Chair of English Language at Glasgow University. In 2004, he was elected as a Vice President of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. He retired from the University of Glasgow, in 2012. In 2014, he became a member of the British Council’s Advisory Committee for Scotland.

Fellowships and honors 
 Founding Fellow of the English Association, University of Leicester
 Research Fellow, University of Glasgow
 Professorial Research Fellow, University of Glasgow
 Commander of the British Empire (CBE), 2015.
 Fellowship of the Royal Society of Edinburgh (FRSE), 2004

Publications 

 The Judgment Day Theme in Old English Poetry, 1976
 The Merchant's Tale: Notes, 1982
 Beowulf (York Notes), 1984
 Geoffrey Chaucer's Merchant's Tale, 1991
 The Flouer O Makarheid, 2003
 Medieval Texts in Context, 2008
 Transitional states : change, tradition, and memory in medieval literature and culture, 2018

References

Other websites 
 The Royal Society of Edinburgh

1945 births
Living people
Scottish people
British academics
Henry Bean

Henry Bean (born 1945) is an American screenwriter, film director, film producer, novelist, and actor.
Trump–Ukraine scandal

The Trump–Ukraine scandal was a political scandal in the United States.  

In October 2019, a whistleblower anonymously complained that U.S. President Donald Trump, his lawyer Rudy Giuliani, and other high-ranking Trump administration members had made phone calls with Ukrainian president Volodymyr Zelensky, asking him to have the Ukrainian government investigate Joe Biden, who was a candidate in the 2020 Democratic primaries at the time; as well as his son Hunter Biden in exchange for keeping U.S. military aid to Ukraine. The complaint raised concerns that Trump was asking for other countries to interfere in the 2020 presidential election.

The controversy led to an impeachment inquiry against Trump. Because of the scandal, Trump was formally impeached by the U.S. House of Representatives on December 18, 2019. However, the Senate voted to clear Trump of charges.

References 

Donald Trump
Political scandals in the United States
October 2019 events
September 2019 events
November 2019 events
Joe Biden
Ed Beck

Edward Paul Beck (June 28, 1936 – October 16, 2019) was an American college basketball player. He was best known as the starting center and team captain of the "Fiddlin' Five," the University of Kentucky's 1958 NCAA championship team.

Beck finished his college career with 459 points scored (5.6 per game) and 783 rebounds (10.0 per game) in 78 total games.

Beck died on October 16, 2019 in Phoenix, Arizona at the age of 83.

References

Other websites
BigBlueHistory.net profile

1936 births
2019 deaths
American basketball players
Sportspeople from Kentucky
Ding Shisun

Ding Shisun (; September 5, 1927 – October 12, 2019) was a Chinese mathematician, academic administrator, and politician. He was President of Peking University during the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests. He was forced to resign afterwards. He later was Chairman of the China Democratic League from 1996 to 2005 and Vice Chairperson of the National People's Congress. He was born in Shanghai. He attended Utopia University in Shanghai from 1944 to 1947.

Ding died on October 12, 2019 in Beijing, aged 92.

References

1927 births
2019 deaths
Chinese mathematicians
Chinese academics
Politicians from Shanghai
Scientists from Shanghai
Emilio Nicolas Sr.

Emilio Nicolas Sr. (27 October 1930 – 12 October 2019) was a Mexican-American businessman. He worked with helping to create one of the earliest Spanish-language television stations in the United States. Nicolas created KWEX-TV in San Antonio, which became the cornerstone of the network that would later become Univision.

Nicolas Sr. died at his San Antonio, Texas home on 12 October 2019 from problems caused by progressive supranuclear palsy, aged 88.

References

1930 births
2019 deaths
Deaths from progressive supranuclear palsy
Naturalized citizens of the United States
Mexican businesspeople
Businesspeople from Texas
People from San Antonio, Texas
Hevrin Khalaf

Hevrin Khalaf (; 15 November 1984 – 12 October 2019) was a Kurdish-Syrian politician and civil engineer. She was Secretary General of the Future Syria Party. he was known for her diplomatic skills.  Khalaf worked towards increasing tolerance and unity among Christians, Arabs, and Kurds.

Khalaf was killed by the Turkish-backed Ahrar al-Sharqiya fighters near the M4 Motorway in Northern Syria during the Turkish military operation against SDF forces in Rojava on 12 October 2019. According to The Washington Post, the killing "almost certainly constitute(d) a war crime, under international law".

References

Other websites
  Rowshan Qasim: Who is the Kurdish political leader Hevrin Khalaf?  7dnews.com, 14 October 2019

1984 births
2019 deaths
Deaths by firearm
Syrian politicians
Engineers
Political activists
Executed people
Anna Quayle

Anne Veronica Maria Quayle (6 October 1932 – 16 August 2019), known professionally as Anna Quayle, was an English actress.  In 1963, she won a Tony Award for Best Featured Actress in a Musical for her role in the original production of Stop the World – I Want to Get Off.

Her movie roles include A Hard Day's Night (1964), Smashing Time (1967), Casino Royale (1967), and Chitty Chitty Bang Bang (1968).

Quayle was diagnosed in 2012 with Lewy body dementia. She died on 16 August 2019 at the age of 86.

References

Tony Award winning actors
1932 births
2019 deaths
Deaths from dementia with Lewy bodies
English movie actors
English television actors
English voice actors
English stage actors
English dancers
English singers
Actors from Birmingham
C. S. Holling

Crawford Stanley (Buzz) Holling,  (December 6, 1930 – August 16, 2019) was an American-born Canadian ecologist. He was an Emeritus Eminent Scholar and Professor in Ecological Sciences at the University of Florida. Holling was one of the co-founders of ecological economics. Holling was born in Theresa, New York. In 2008, he won the Volvo Environment Prize.

Holling died on August 16, 2019 in Nanaimo, British Columbia at the age of 88.

References

1930 births
2019 deaths
Canadian scientists
Ecologists
Canadian educators
Scientists from New York
People from British Columbia
Theresa, New York

Theresa is a town in Jefferson County, New York, United States. The population was 2,905 at the 2010 census. The town is named after Theresa La Ray, the daughter of an original landowner.

References

Towns in New York
Ecological economics

Ecological economics (also called eco-economics, ecolonomy or bioeconomics of Georgescu-Roegen) is both a transdisciplinary and an interdisciplinary field of academic research about the coevolution of human economies and natural ecosystems. 

By treating the economy as a system of Earth's larger ecosystem, and by the preservation of natural capital, the field of ecological economics is different from environmental economics.

References

subfields of economics
Subfields of ecology
Nicholas Georgescu-Roegen

Nicholas Georgescu-Roegen (born Nicolae Georgescu, 4 February 1906 – 30 October 1994) was a Romanian American mathematician, statistician and economist. He was best known today for his 1971 magnum opus The Entropy Law and the Economic Process. He was a key figure in the creation of ecological economics.

Several economists have hailed Georgescu-Roegen as a man who lived well ahead of his time, and some historians of economic thought have proclaimed the ingenuity of his work.

Other websites
 (Italian website)
 (Introduction to the interview in Spanish (Castilian), the interview itself in English)
 (Obituary)
 (A thorough account of the historical development of ecological economics, including Georgescu-Roegen's contribution)
 (A brief perspective on Georgescu-Roegen's entropy view)
 (Blog lamenting the fact that Georgescu-Roegen was never awarded the Nobel Prize in Economics)
 (Article speculating on one possible source of inspiration for the pontiff's controversial encyclical on ecological concerns)
 (Article shedding some light on 'the famous entropy pessimist')

1906 births
1994 deaths
Deaths from diabetes
Romanian scientists
American mathematicians
American economists
Naturalized citizens of the United States
Scientists from Nashville, Tennessee
Educators from Nashville, Tennessee
American statisticians
Meir Shamgar

Meir Shamgar () (August 13, 1925 – October 18, 2019) was an Israeli general and judge. He was a member of the Irgun. He was the chief justice of the Israeli Supreme Court from 1983 to 1995. Shamgar was born in Danzig.

Shamgar died on October 18, 2019 at the age of 94.

References

1925 births
2019 deaths
Chief justices
German Jews
Hebrew University of Jerusalem alumni
Israeli generals
Israeli Jews
Chief Justices of the Supreme Court of Israel
Israeli nationalists
Jewish judges
Jewish military people
Naturalized citizens of Israel
People from Gdańsk
Refugees from Nazism
Aharon Barak

Aharon Barak (, born Erik Brick; 16 September 1936) is an Israeli jurist. He is the Professor of Law at the Interdisciplinary Center in Herzliya. Barak was President of the Supreme Court of Israel from 1995 to 2006. Before, he was a Justice of the Supreme Court of Israel (1978–95), as the Attorney General of Israel (1975–78), and as the Dean of the Law Faculty of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem (1974–75).

References

1936 births
Living people
Hebrew University of Jerusalem alumni
Holocaust survivors
Israeli academics
Israeli Jews
Israeli scientists
Jewish academics
Jewish judges
Jewish scientists
Lithuanian Jews
Naturalized citizens of Israel
People from Kaunas
Soviet Jews
Chief Justices of the Supreme Court of Israel
Chris Messina

Christopher Messina (born August 11, 1974) is an American actor and movie director. He is known for his roles in Vicky Cristina Barcelona, Argo, Julie & Julia, Ruby Sparks, Celeste and Jesse Forever, You've Got Mail and Birds of Prey. He starred in the movie The Giant Mechanical Man. 

On television, he appeared in roles as Chris Sanchez in Damages, Reese Lansing in The Newsroom and as Danny Castellano in The Mindy Project.

References

1974 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
American stage actors
Movie directors from New York
Actors from New York
Northport, New York

Northport is a historic village in the Town of Huntington on Long Island, New York. Northport is known for its Victorian era village center, still bearing trolley rails. As of 2010, the village has a population of around 7,401.

References

Villages in New York
Shea Whigham

Franklin Shea Whigham Jr. (born January 5, 1969) is an American actor. He played Elias "Eli" Thompson in the HBO drama series Boardwalk Empire, and also had notable supporting roles in Kong: Skull Island, Death Note, Take Shelter, the first season of True Detective, the third season of the anthology television series Fargo, and Joker.

References

1969 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
American stage actors
Actors from Florida
People from Tallahassee, Florida
Bill Camp

William Camp (born October 13, 1961) is an American actor. He became famous for playing supporting roles in many movies such as Lincoln (2012), 12 Years a Slave (2013), Loving (2016), Jason Bourne (2016), Molly's Game (2017), Red Sparrow (2018), Vice (2018) and Joker (2019).

References

Other websites

1961 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American voice actors
Actors from Massachusetts
Frances Conroy

Frances Hardman Conroy (born November 13, 1953) is an American actress. She is best known for playing Ruth Fisher on the television series Six Feet Under. She is also known for playing multiple roles in the American Horror Story television series. In 2019, she played Penny Fleck in Joker.

References

Golden Globe Award winning actors
Screen Actors Guild Award winners
Drama Desk Award winners
1953 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American voice actors
Actors from Georgia (U.S. state)
Frikandel

A frikandel is a Dutch fast food. It is often a snack eaten with French fries. It has the appearence of a sausage with flat ends.

Fast food
Sausage
Dutch food
Tobermory, Mull

Tobermory (Scottish Gaelic: Tobar Mhoire) is a town on the Isle of Mull in Scotland. It has roughly around 1,000 people. Historically the town was a fishing port.

Tobermory is well known for hosting the children's television show Balamory.

References 

Towns in Argyll and Bute
Ports and harbours of Europe
Jambuda

Jambuda (Gujarati: જાંબુડા, Hindi: जांबुडा) is a small village in the Jamnagar district of the Indian state of Gujarat. The village has communities of Gadhavi, Rajgor Brahmin, Patels, shepherd, Charaniya and Kori.

Jambuda is about  away from Jamnagar city, and on the way to Sainik School Balachadi. Historical book Yaduvanshprakash says that Jambuda village is older than 400 years. It is considered that the village was named as Jambuda due to the large number of Java plum tree, and the heavy production of Java plum fruits. karsan pala paliya was notable personality in village.

Places 
 Chapal mata Temple
 Khodiyar mata Temple
 Kamai mata Temple
 Lakshminarayana Temple
 Yogeshwar Temple
 Kalindri River, etc.

Villages in Gujarat
John Ross Robertson

John Ross Robertson (December 28, 1841 – May 31, 1918) was a Canadian newspaper publisher, politician, and philanthropy. He was from Toronto, Ontario. Between 1896 and 1900, Robertson was a member of Parliament (MP) in the House of Commons of Canada. He represented the electoral area of Toronto East.

Robertson was involved in many projects in the Toronto community. For example, he was a leader of the Ontario Hockey Association (OHA). He fought very hard to make rules in amateur hockey. He is a part of the Hockey Hall of Fame.

References

Other websites
 
 

1841 births
1918 deaths
Canadian journalists
Canadian politicians
Hockey Hall of Fame inductees
Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Ontario
Politicians from Toronto
Multiplayer online battle arena

MOBA is an abbreviation for "Multiplayer Online Battle Arena". Vainglory is an example of a MOBA.

Video game genres
Nikolai Durov

Nikolai Durov founded Telegram messaging service with brother Pavel Durov.

Telegram was launched in 2013 by the brothers Nikolai and Pavel Durov. Previously the pair founded the Russian social network VK, which they left when it was taken over by the Mail.ru Group. Nikolai Durov created the MTProto protocol that is the basis for the messenger, while Pavel provided financial support and infrastructure through his Digital Fortress fund with partner Axel Neff joining as a second co-founder.

1980 births
Russian computer scientists
Living people
People from Saint Petersburg
Russian businesspeople
Russian mathematicians
Truncus arteriosus

Truncus arteriosus  is a stage in the development of the heart.  It is the arterial trunk that starts from both ventricles of the heart. Later it divides into the aorta and the pulmonary trunk.

Failure of the truncus arteriosus to close results in the condition known as persistent truncus arteriosus, a rare congenital heart defect. It is a type of heart disease.

People are born with this condition. There are no cures. If not operated on at an early age people may die from this condition.

References 

Heart disease
Developmental disorders
Nash equilibrium

In game theory, the Nash equilibrium is a proposed solution of a non-cooperative game having two or more players in which each player knows the equilibrium strategies of the other players, and no player can gain anything more by changing only their own strategy. The equilibrium is named after John Forbes Nash Jr..

If each player has chosen, and no player can win anything more by choosing a different strategy for themselves, then they have a Nash equilibrium.

References

Game theory
General Order No. 11 (1863)

General Order No. 11 is the name of a Union Army order given on August 25, 1863 during the American Civil War. It forced people from rural areas in four counties in western Missouri to leave. The order, given by Union General Thomas Ewing, Jr., affected all rural people regardless of whether they liked the Union or the Confederacy. Those who could prove their loyalty for the Union were allowed to stay in the affected area. However, they still had to leave their farms and move to towns near military outposts. Those who could not show prove their loyalty had to leave the area.

More than 140 years later, towns affected by General Order No. 11 are still less developed than their neighbors.

References

Other websites
Historic Lone Jack
Missouri Partisan Ranger 
"Order No. 11 and the Civil War on the Border" by Albert Castel

American Civil War
The Atlantic

The Atlantic is an American magazine and publisher. It was created in 1857 in Boston, Massachusetts, and it was called The Atlantic Monthly, which was a literary and cultural commentary magazine that published famous writers' opinions on the abolition of slavery, education, and other important issues in politics. Its creators included Francis H. Underwood and famous writers Ralph Waldo Emerson, Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr., Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Harriet Beecher Stowe, and John Greenleaf Whittier. James Russell Lowell was its first editor. It was also known for publishing literary works by leading writers.

Politics
In 2016, the editorial board endorsed a presidential candidate, Democratic nominee Hillary Clinton, for the third time since the magazine's creation. This was to rebuke Republican Donald Trump's candidacy. After the election, the magazine has become a strong critic of President Trump. The March 2019 cover article by editor Yoni Appelbaum formally calls for the impeachment of Donald Trump: "It's time for Congress to judge the president's fitness to serve."

References

Other websites

 
 "A History of The Atlantic"
 The Atlantic archival writings by topic
 Online archive of The Atlantic (earliest issues up to December 1901)
 Hathi Trust. Atlantic Monthly digitized issues, 1857–

1857 establishments in the United States
American magazines