cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Wembley Stadium (1923)

Wembley Stadium was a sports arena in London, England. It was built in 1923 and was first known as the Empire Stadium, but because the area it was in is named "Wembley," it was renamed "Wembley Stadium." It featured twin towers by the entrance.

As well as being a sports arena, it had also been the site for several concerts. The most famous one is the Live Aid concert held there in July of 1985.

In 2000, Wembley Stadium was closed. In 2003, it was demolished, and a brand-new stadium with the same name was put up in its place.

Football stadiums in London
1923 establishments in England
2003 disestablishments in England
Inch of mercury

The inch of mercury (inHg or "Hg) was a non-SI unit of pressure. It was used for measuring barometric pressure, (the thickness of air), in weather forecasts, and aviation (flying), but was replaced by the pascal.

It is the amount of pressure that a column of mercury that is one inch tall has at 0 °C at the standard acceleration of gravity, or how fast things speed up as they are falling because of gravity.

1 inHg at 0 °C = 3,386.389 Pa.

Units of measurement
Meteorology
Lou Costello

Lou Costello, born Louis Francis Cristillo (March 6, 1906 – March 3, 1959), was an American actor and comedian best known as half of the comedy team of Abbott and Costello, with Bud Abbott.

Other websites

1906 births
1959 deaths
Actors from New Jersey
American movie actors
American radio actors
American stage actors
Comedians from New Jersey
Extras
Kirstie Alley

Kirstie Louise Alley (born January 12, 1951) is an American actress famous for her role in the TV show Cheers, where she played Rebecca Howe from 1987 to 1993, winning an Emmy as the Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series for 1991. A year later, she won a Golden Globe for her acting in Cheers as well. She won an Emmy in 1994 for her role in the TV-drama David's Mother. Other roles that have been well-liked by the public and the critics that Alley is known for include: playing Diane Barrows in It Takes Two and a single mother in Look Who's Talking, Look Who's Talking Too, and Look Who's Talking Now (all co-starring John Travolta). Alley has won two People's Choice Awards in the years 1991 and 1998.

Alley was honored with a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 7000 Hollywood Boulevard.

Personal life 
From 1971 until 1977 Kirstie was married to Robert Alley. They began dating in high school and were distant cousins.

From 1983 until 1997 she was married to Parker Stevenson. They have two children, son William True Stevenson (born September 28, 1992) and daughter Lillie Price Stevenson (born June 15, 1994). William and Lillie were adopted.

Alley was raised Methodist but is now a member of the Church of Scientology. In 2007, Alley gave $5 million to the Church of Scientology.

Filmography

References

Other websites

 
 
 Kirstie Alley - Fab Actress 
 Unofficial List of Scientology courses completed by Kirstie Alley
 Kirstie Alley latest news and blogs 

1951 births
Living people
American television actors
American movie actors
Golden Globe Award winning actors
Scientologists
Actors from Wichita, Kansas
Emmy Award winning actors
People's Choice Award winners
Seth Adkins

Seth Elijah Adkins (born October 30, 1989) is an American actor. He made his debut in the mid-1990s as a child artiste in the TV shows Small Talk and Sabrina, the Teenage Witch in 1996 and the films ...First Do No Harm and Titanic in 1997. He later made a successful transition to an adult performer. One of his most recent roles was in Matt Reeves' Let Me In (2010). He is also the current actor for Walt Disney's Pinocchio.

Personal life 
Adkins was born in Albuquerque, New Mexico. He has two elder brothers, Zachary (b. 1978) and Josh (b. 1981). His father is a principal and his mother a former teacher. At an early age and with the support of his parents, Adkins followed his older brother into the acting profession. He graduated in 2008 from the Public Academy for Performing Arts.

Career 
Adkins made his debut in 1996, in the shows Small Talk and in Sabrina, the Teenage Witch. He appeared in the series ER, and C-16: FBI, and in the films ...First Do No Harm, Stir, Titanic. He voiced Duby in the film Baby Geniuses. He had a role in the television movie Wuthering Heights, and in the feature films Funky Monkey, Bad News Bears, Privileged, and Let Me In. Adkins also appeared in the television series CSI: Miami and Touched by an Angel, Judging Amy, NCIS: Naval Criminal Investigative Service, and Crash.

Other websites
Seth Adkins's official website

American television actors
American movie actors
American child actors
Actors from New Mexico
1989 births
Living people
Claude Akins

Claude Marion Akins was an American actor (born May 25, 1926, in Nelson, Georgia - died January 27, 1994, in Altadena, California). With his big body and deep voice, Akins usually played the clever (or less than clever) tough guy, on the side of good or bad, in movies and television. He is famous as Sheriff Lobo in the 1970s TV series B.J. and the Bear, and later The Misadventures of Sheriff Lobo, a spinoff series.

Other websites

Safety Shorts 

American television actors
American movie actors
Actors from Georgia (U.S. state)
1926 births
1994 deaths
Don Adams

Don Adams (April 13, 1923 – September 25, 2005), born Donald James Yarmy, was an American actor, comedian and director. He was best known for his role as Maxwell Smart (Agent 86) in the TV situation comedy Get Smart (1965–1970, 1995), for which he also directed and wrote. Adams won three consecutive Emmy Awards for his role (1967–1969). He was also famous for voicing the cartoon characters Tennessee Tuxedo and Inspector Gadget.

Other websites 

The Get Smart Page
Don Adams, Television's Maxwell Smart, Dies at 82
When Being Funny Means Having to Say You're Sorry About That, Chief
Guardian obituary and obituary letter
Find A Grave link

1923 births
2005 deaths
American television actors
American movie actors
American voice actors
American stage actors
Actors from New York City
Emmy Award winning actors
Ben Affleck

Benjamin Géza Affleck-Boldt (born August 15, 1972) is an American actor, movie director, producer and screenwriter. He became well known in the late 1990s, after acting in the movie Good Will Hunting. He has since become a Hollywood star having acted in several movies.

Affleck began playing the role of Batman in the DC Extended Universe beginning with the 2016 movie Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice. He later played Batman again in Suicide Squad and in Justice League.

Family background
Affleck was born in Berkeley, California and grew up in Cambridge, Massachusetts. His mother, Christine Anne "Chris" Affleck (née Boldt), was a school district employee and teacher. His father, Timothy Byers Affleck, has been a drug counselor, social worker, janitor, auto mechanic, bartender, writer, director, and actor with the Theater Company of Boston. After learning that he had slave-owning ancestors from Savannah, Georgia, he tried to hide it but got caught and apologized.

Affleck's mother was a freedom rider in the 1960s; until her retirement, she was a public school teacher in Cambridge, Massachusetts. His younger brother is actor Casey Affleck. He has English, Irish, Scottish, German, Swedish, Swiss, Northern Irish (Scots-Irish), Welsh and French ancestry. The surname "Affleck" is of Scottish origin, and his middle name, "Géza", was the name of a family friend. He was raised in a mostly Episcopalian family.

References

Come friends today we are going to talk about Ben Affleck net worth. Benjamin Geza Affleck-Bold (born August 15, 1972) is an American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter .Ben Affleck Net Worth

Other websites

 
 
 Entwagon.com : Ben Affleck
 A thorough Biography 

1972 births
Living people
Academy Award winning writers
Actors from Massachusetts
American movie actors
Episcopalians
Businesspeople from Berkeley, California
Businesspeople from Massachusetts
American screenwriters
American television actors
American television producers
American television writers
American voice actors
Golden Globe Award winning writers
Movie directors from California
Movie directors from Massachusetts
Movie producers from California
Movie producers from Massachusetts
Actors from Berkeley, California
Saturn Award winners
Screenwriters from California
Screenwriters from Massachusetts
Actors who played Batman
The Cosby Show

The Cosby Show was an American television sitcom starring Bill Cosby, first broadcast on September 20, 1984 and ran for eight seasons on the NBC television network, until April 30, 1992.

The show was about the Cosby family, African-Americans living in Brooklyn, New York City.

Other websites 

1980s American black sitcoms
1980s American television series
1984 American television series debuts
1990s American sitcoms
1990s American television series
1992 television series endings
1992 American television series endings‏‎ 
Brooklyn in fiction
Emmy Award winning programs
English-language television programs
Golden Globe Award winning programs
NBC network shows
Television series set in New York City
Wembley Stadium

Wembley Stadium is a football stadium in London, England.  It was built from 2003 to 2007 in the same spot that the first Wembley Stadium was built. It holds 90,000 seats. The new stadium features an arch that was designed not to cast a shadow over the stadium while games are played and to help hold part of the roof up. The FA Cup final is played at and both FA Cup semi-finals as well. It also hosts the League Cup final and several other English cup finals. The England national football team play their home matches here.

As well as sports, the new Wembley Stadium, like the first one, is also used for concerts. Metallica, Muse, and George Michael have performed there.  Also, the Concert for Diana was held there on July 1, 2007, and the London Live Earth concert was held there six days later, on July 7.

The new Wembley also hosts NFL games as part of the NFL International Series. The first NFL game there was the New York Giants and the Miami Dolphins. The Jacksonville Jaguars currently have a deal to play one home game in London from 2013 to 2020. Wembley stadium now has the rule of no bags allowed in  the stadium following the example from previous NFL games. Anything bigger than an A4 sized bag will result in a 10 pounds charge to store it.

References

Related pages 
 Wembley Stadium (1923)

Football stadiums in London
Port Dover Composite School

Port Dover Composite School was a public high school in Port Dover, Ontario, Canada. The high school was open to both men and women. There were no school uniforms and it is free for Canadian citizens to attend from ages 14 to 21 years of age. In the past, the school hosted a dinosaur music party in French as well as other special events.

This high school was officially closed on January 31, 2013 due to an increasing amount of elderly people in the area and a decreasing amount of children and young people.

Buildings and structures in Ontario
Schools in Canada
2013 disestablishments in North America
2010s disestablishments in Canada
Rouben Mamoulian

Rouben Mamoulian (Armenian: Ռուբեն Մամուլյան) (October 8, 1897 – December 4, 1987) was an Armenian-American movie and theatre director.

Born in Tbilisi, Georgia (ruled at that time by imperial Russia) to an Armenian family, Rouben relocated to England and started directing plays in London in 1922. He moved to America the next year to teach in Eastman School of Music and was involved in directing opera and theatre. In 1930, he became a naturalized citizen of the United States.

1897 births
1987 deaths
Armenian movie directors
People from Tbilisi
Naturalized citizens of the United States
American theatre directors
American movie directors
Ivan Aivazovsky

Ivan Aivazovsky (Russian: Иван Константинович Айвазовский, Armenian: Հովհաննես Այվազովսկի - Hovhannes Aivazovsky July 29, 1817 – May 5, 1900) was a Russian painter of Armenian descent, most famous for his seascapes, which make up more than half of his paintings.

Gallery 

Armenian artists
1900 deaths
1817 births
Thistle tube

A thistle tube is made of glass and is used in laboratories to add liquid to beakers of other liquids or sometimes to other pieces of equipment.

Characteristics 
A thistle tube is a long hollow pole of glass which has a funnel at the top. Liquid is put into the top and travels down the tube and comes out the thin end of the tube in small drips which can be used anywhere. It is usually quite precise.

Other websites
Information on the function of a thistle tube 
Thistle Tube feeders for birds merchandise 

Laboratory equipment
World Meteorological Organization

The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) is an international organization with a membership of 188 Member States and Territories. It was originally known as the International Meteorological Organization (IMO), which was founded in 1873. 

In 1950, the United Nations created the WMO for meteorology (weather and climate), operational hydrology and related geophysical sciences. Its headquarters are in Geneva, Switzerland. The current president is Alexander Bedritsky and the current Secretary-General is Michel Jarraudwho were both elected by the 14th World Meteorological Congress in 2003.

World Meteorological Day
World Meteorological Day is celebrated every year on March 23 which was founded by the organization itself.

Other websites
World Meteorological Organization 
Founding charter 
NOAA: Retired Hurricane Names 
WMO country codes

United Nations
Geneva
1873 establishments
Static mixer

A static mixer is a piece of equipment that is used to mix liquids in laboratories. It has a unique shape.

Structure 
A static mixer is made up of rectangular plates twisted around at 180° so that they make a double-helix shape.

Liquids flow along the curves of the static mixer and also are separated by the smooth sides of the mixer. The mixer can also be turned clockwise, or right, and then quickly turned counter-clockwise, or left. This creates opposite currents in the liquid and mixes it more efficiently.

Uses 
The static mixer can be used to mix acids and alkalis for a neutralization. It can also be used to mix two liquids that normally wouldn't mix, like oil and water (see emulsion). It separates the particles of the water and oil until they become so small that they mix.

Advantages 
Simple shape - easy to clean
Doesn't need electricity - saves money and can be used in otherwise explosive areas
Manual - easy to use

Related pages
Separating funnel

Other websites 
In depth article on Static mixers directed towards students 
In depth article on Static mixers
Different types of Static Mixers

Laboratory equipment
Komárno

For the town in the Ukraine see Komarno

Komárno is a town in the southwest of Slovakia. It is an important, historical town which is famous for having the largest fortification in Europe.  

The river Vah flows into the Danube at Komárno. The Danube at this point forms the border between the countries Slovakia and Hungary.  The Hungarian name for the town is Komárom.

History 
At first there was just one town, with the Danube flowing through the middle of the town. Since the end of World War I, when Czechoslovakia became a separate country from Hungary, the town has been split into two: Komárno is on the left (north) bank of the river, now in Slovakia, and Komárom is on the right (south) bank of the river, in Hungary.  Komárno has a population of 37.000 and Komárom has a population of 19.600.  The two towns are joined by a bridge.

People have lived in the area of Komárno for thousands of years. The first castle was built in the 10th century.  In 1244 a law was made which said that every merchant who sailed a boat down the Danube past Komárno had to stop for several days in Komárno and unload all the cargo so that people could buy it if they wanted. If the merchant did not want to do this he had to pay a large duty (amount of money) to continue his journey. This law was stopped in 1751.  

In the 15th century Komárno had become very important.  The rulers and the court of the kingdom of Hungary often stayed there.  The fortress was very powerful and they managed to fight off Turkish invaders after the Turks had already captured Esztergom and Buda.  The fort was badly damaged in 1783 in an earthquake, but it was built up again because of the Napoleonic wars.

Today Komárno is a nice town to visit. There are many tourist attractions, especially the fort which is on the Hungarian side of the town (Komárom).  There are also spa health centres where people can swim or bathe gently in the waters which help to make people who are ill healthy again.

Notable people 
Famous people who were born in Komárno are:  

 Mór Jókai, (1825-1904), a famous Hungarian writer 
 Franz Lehár (1870-1948) – the Hungarian-born Austrian composer who wrote popular operettas such as "The Merry Widow" 
 Slovak-born Canadian Hollywood movie director Ivan Reitman (1946- )

References 

Settlements in Slovakia
Towns in Europe
Komarno

Komarno (, , ) is a city in the Horodok Raion (district) of the Lviv Oblast (province) in western Ukraine. 4,000 people live there. It was founded in 1324. In the center of town is an old Polish Kostel (Catholic Church). There is also an old wooden church with ancient icons. The river Vereshytsia flows through the town. 

The Hasidic dynasty of Komarno comes from this town.

Cities in Ukraine
1324 establishments
Establishments in Ukraine
1320s establishments in Europe
Lviv Oblast
Correlation

In statistics and probability theory, correlation is a way to indicate how closely related two sets of data are.

Correlation does not always mean that one causes the other. In fact, it is very possible that there is a third factor involved.

Correlation usually has one of two directions. These are positive or negative. If it is positive, then the two sets go up together. If it is negative, then one goes up while the other goes down.

Lots of different measurements of correlation are used for different situations. For example, on a scatter graph, people draw a line of best fit to show the direction of the correlation.

Explaining correlation 
Strong and weak are words used to describe the strength of correlation. If there is strong correlation, then the points are all close together. If there is weak correlation, then the points are all spread apart.
There are ways of making numbers show how strong the correlation is. These measurements are called correlation coefficients. The best known is the Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient, sometimes denoted by  or its Greek equivalent . You put in data into a formula, and it gives you a number between -1 and 1. If the number is 1 or −1, then there is strong correlation. If the answer is 0, then there is no correlation. Another kind of correlation coefficient is Spearman's rank correlation coefficient.

Correlation vs causation 
Correlation does not always mean that one thing causes the other (causation), because there might be something else that is at play.

For example, on hot days people buy ice cream, and people also go to the beach where some are eaten by sharks. There is a correlation between ice cream sales and shark attacks (they both go up as the temperature goes up in this case). But just because ice cream sales go up does not mean ice cream sales cause (causation) more shark attacks or vice versa.

Because correlation does not imply causation, scientists, economists, etc. will test their theories by creating isolated environments where only one factor is changed (where this is possible). However, politicians, salesmen, news outlets and others often suggest that a particular correlation implies causation. This may be due to ignorance or a wish to persuade. Thus, a news report may attract attention by saying that people who consume a particular product more often have a particular health problem, implying a causation that could be actually due to something else.

Related pages
 Rank correlation

Notes and references

Further readings 

 Cohen, J., Cohen P., West, S.G., & Aiken, L.S. (2003). Applied multiple regression/correlation analysis for the behavioral sciences. (3rd ed.) Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Other websites
  Correlation Information – At StatisticalEngineering.com 
 Statsoft Electronic Textbook 
 Pearson's Correlation Coefficient – How to work it out it quickly
 Learning by Simulations – The spread of the correlation coefficient
 CorrMatr.c  simple program for working out a correlation matrix
 Understanding Correlation – More beginner's information by a Hawaii professor

Mathematics
Statistics
Sunscreen

Sunscreen (also known as sunblock, suntan lotion, or sun cream in the United Kingdom) is a lotion, spray or other topical product that helps protect the skin from the  sun's ultraviolet (UV) radiation. It reduces sunburn and other skin damage, with the goal lowering your risk of skin cancer.  However, in the United States, the term suntan lotion usually means the opposite of sunscreen, and instead refers to lotion designed to moisturize and maximize UV exposure and tanning rather than block it.  These are commonly called indoor tanning lotions when designed for use with tanning beds or just suntan lotion if designed for outdoor use and may or may not have SPF protection in them.

The most effective sunscreens protect against both UVB (ultraviolet radiation with wavelength between 290 and 320 nanometres), which can cause sunburn, and UVA (between 320 and 400 nanometres), which damages the skin with more long-term effects, such as premature skin aging. Most sunscreens work by containing either an organic chemical compound that absorbs ultraviolet light (such as oxybenzone) or an opaque material that reflects light (such as titanium dioxide, zinc oxide), or a combination of both.  Typically, absorptive materials are referred to as chemical blocks, whereas opaque materials are mineral or physical blocks.

Care
Oscypek

Oscypek (in Polish, Oštiepok in Slovak language) is a smoked cheese from Poland and Slovakia.

Oscypek was originally made from sheep's milk, but it can also be made from cow's milk.

Cheeses
Polish food
Slovakia
Bigos

Bigos is a traditional dish from Poland and Lithuania. Bigos is created from cabbage (normal and sauerkraut) and meat. In very rare cases bigos can be made without meat or cabbage, but the presence of sauerkraut is absolutely essential.

Other websites 
Bigos in wikinew`s cookbook

Polish food
Lithuanian culture
Kaliber 44

Kaliber 44 is a hip hop band from Poland. It was created in 1994 by Piotr Łuszcz ("Magik"), Marcin Marten ("AbraDab") and Michał Marten ("Joka").

Discography

Studio albums 
Księga Tajemnicza. Prolog (Mysterious Book. Prologue) (1996)
W 63 minuty dookoła świata (Around the world in 63 minutes) (1998)
3:44 (2000)

Singles 
"Magia i miecz" (The magic and the sword) (1996)
"Film" (Movie)(1998)
"Konfrontacje" (Confrontations) (2000)

Hip hop bands
Polish musical groups
1994 establishments in Europe
1990s establishments in Poland
Lupin

Lupin, often spelled lupine in North America, is the common name for members of the genus Lupinus in the family Fabaceae. 

The genus includes between 150-200 species, and has a wide distribution in the Mediterranean region - Subgen. Lupinus, and the Americas - Subgen. Platycarpos (Wats.) Kurl.

The species are mostly herbaceous perennial plants 0.3-1.5 m tall, but some are annual plants and a few are shrubs up to 3 m tall, with one, Lupinus jaimehintoniana, a tree 8 m high with a trunk 20 cm in diameter, from the Mexican state of Oaxaca. They have a characteristic and easily recognised leaf shape, with soft green to grey-green or silvery leaves with the blades usually palmately divided into 5–17 leaflets or reduced to a single leaflet in a few species of the southeastern United States; in many species, the leaves are hairy with silvery hairs, often densely so. The flowers are produced in dense or open whorls on an erect spike, each flower 1-2 cm long, with a typical peaflower shape with an upper 'standard', two lateral 'wings' and two lower petals fused as a 'keel'. The fruit is a pod containing several seeds.

Lupins as an introduced pest 
In New Zealand lupins have escaped into the wild and grow in large numbers along main roads and streams in South Island. The seeds are carried by car tires and water flow, and unfortunately, some tourist shops in the major tourist areas have been reported to have sold packets of lupin seeds to tourists, with the instructions to plant, water and watch them grow into a giant beanstalk. They are principally blue, pink and violet, with some yellow, and are very attractive, providing colourful vistas with a backdrop of mountains and lakes. The New Zealand environment authorities have a campaign to reduce their numbers, although this seems a hopeless task, especially when faced with such ignorance as mentioned above. In fields they seem to be eradicated by sheep, and hence remain largely restricted to ungrazed roadside verges and stream banks.

References 
5. Diaporthe toxica sp.nov., the cause of lupinosis in sheep.  Williamson et al. 1994, Mycological Research 98 (12) 1364-1365

Other websites 

Nitrogen Cycle
Lupins Resource Website
Alternative Field Crops Manual: Lupine
Lupins

Flowers
Faboideae
Bar (unit)

The bar (symbol bar), decibar (symbol dbar) and the millibar (symbol mbar, also mb) are units of pressure. They are not SI units, but they are anyhow also used with (although discouraged) for use with the SI. The bar is still used in descriptions of pressure because it is about the same as atmospheric pressure.

Terms 
The bar, decibar and millibar are known as:
 1 bar = 100,000 pascals (Pa) = 1,000,000 dynes per square centimeter (baryes)
 1 dbar = 0.1 bar = 10,000 Pa = 100,000 dyn/cm²
 1 mbar = 0.001 bar = 100 Pa = 1,000 dyn/cm²

(A pascal is one newton per square meter.)

Origin 
The word bar has its origin in the Greek word βάρος (baros), meaning weight. Its official symbol is "bar"; the earlier "b" is now no longer used, but still often seen especially as "mb" rather than the correct "mbar" for millibars.

The bar and millibar were defined by Sir Napier Shaw in 1909 and internationally used in 1929.

Other websites 
Official SI website: Table 8. Non-SI units accepted for use with the SI 
Conversion factors from bar to various pressure units

Units of measurement
Pascal (unit)

The pascal (symbol: Pa) is the SI derived unit of pressure or stress. It is a measure of perpendicular force per unit area i.e. equal to one newton per square meter. In everyday life, the pascal is maybe best known from meteorological air-pressure reports, where it happens in the form of hectopascal (1 hPa = 100 Pa). In other cases, the kilopascal is more commonly used, for example on bicycle tire labels. One hectopascal corresponds to 0.1 and one kilopascal to about 1% of atmospheric pressure (near sea level).

It is named after the French mathematician and physicist, Blaise Pascal.

References

Related pages 
Atmosphere (unit)

Units of measurement
Jerez de la Frontera

Jerez de la Frontera is a city in the province of Cádiz, in the region of Andalusia in Spain. It is famous as the home of the wine called sherry, whose name comes from the city's old Arabic name, pronounced Sherish. 

Jerez de la Frontera, once called Xeres, has a rich history from the days of the Moorish Arab occupation of the Iberian Peninsula. Part of its name, de la Frontera, means "of the frontier" because it was on the border between Islamic and Christian populations.

The city is well known for breeding and training the world-famous Andalusian horses. Flamenco dance is a popular cultural feature of the city.

Other websites
Tourist information

 
Municipalities in Andalusia
Limited government

Limited government is a form of government with roles and powers given, and limited by law, usually in a written constitution. A limited government has only the powers that the people give it. 

Related to this idea is "small government" – a system that put most of its power in smaller groups, such as private businesses and its own citizens. On the other hand, “big government” involves a great amount of intervention by the state.

In Great Britain, the idea of limited government is part of the political tradition. It was started by the Magna Carta, which limited the power of King John. The execution of Charles I and the Glorious Revolution of 1688 reinforced this. Even monarchs had to accept limits to their power, and parliamentary democracy became more important.

In the United States, the idea of limited government is written into the United States Constitution.

Forms of government
Wade Robson

Wade Jeremy Robson (born 1982) is an Australian professional dancer, choreographer, producer, and songwriter. He has performed as a dancer since the age of 5 with celebrities such as Michael Jackson and Britney Spears, and is also an award-winning choreographer, known for his own MTV show Wade Robson Project, and the broadcast competition So You Think You Can Dance.  In 1994 he released an album as part of the hip hop group Quo.

Personal life
On May 1 2013 Robson sued Michael Jackson's estate. He did not sue Jackson because Jackson died in 2009. He said that Jackson sexually abused him from the age of 7 to 14. He said that he would sue Jackson's father Joe for slander if he did not stop saying that Robson is lying. He and fellow accuser James Safechuck told their stories in the controversial documentary Leaving Neverland in 2019.

References

Other websites 
Official website

Tremaine Dance profile 
MTV biography
Ask Men entry
PopGurls 20 Questions with Wade Robson 

1982 births
Living people
Dancers
Choreographers
Australian entertainers
People from Brisbane
Adam Stefan Sapieha

Adam Stefan Stanisław Bonfatiusz Józef Sapieha (14 May 1867 – 23 July 1951) was a Polish  Roman Catholic Church priest and Cardinal.  He was a mentor and patron  of Pope John Paul II.

Early life
Sapieha was born in 1867 in the castle of Krasiczyn. He was the youngest of the seven children of Prince Adam Stanisław Sapieha-Kodenski.

Priest
Sapieha was ordained a priest in 1893.

Bishop
Sapieha was named Bishop of the diocese of Kraków in 1911.

After the Nazi invasion of Poland, Sapieha operate the seminary in secret. Among the students was Karol Wojtyła, the future Pope John Paul II.  Wojtyła lived in Sepieha's basement.  In 1963, Father Wojtyła became the Auxiliary Bishop in Kraków.

Cardinal
He was created a Cardinal in 1946.

He died on 23 July 1951, at the age of 84.  Cardinal Sapieha is buried in the castle of Wawel (in Kraków).

References

Other websites 
 Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church,  Sapieha, Adam Stefan 
 Catholic-Hierarchy,  Adamo Stefano Cardinal Sapieha

1867 births
1951 deaths
Cardinals of the Roman Catholic Church
Polish Roman Catholics
Roman Catholic archbishops
Cardinal (Catholic Church)

Cardinal is a clerical office in the Roman Catholic Church. Cardinals are counselors of the pope.

Pope Innocent IV granted the use of the red hat to the cardinals in 1245. The red hat was a symbol of the cardinal's readiness to shed their blood in the cause of the church.

College of Cardinals
The collective name for cardinals is college of cardinals.  They meet in a Papal conclave to elect a new Pope.

When there is no pope, the cardinals directs the day-to-day affairs of the Church.

References

Other websites 

 Catholic Hierarchy,  Cardinal-Bishops, Cardinal-Priests,  Cardinal-Deacons
  Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church
Fleet

Fleet may mean:

Vehicles
A fleet is a collection of ships or vehicles:
Fleet vehicles, two or more vehicles
Fishing fleet
Naval fleet, large group of warships
A group of small ships or flotilla
A group of racing sailboats
Starfleet, fictional group in Star Trek
Ugs fleet, a collection of military ground sensors.

Places
Fleet, Kent, a waterway in the Thames marshes, England
Fleet, Dorset, England
Fleet, Hampshire, England
River Fleet, river in London, England
Fleet, Lincolnshire, England
Gatehouse of Fleet, small town in Scotland
Water of Fleet, a river in Scotland
Fleet, Alberta, Canada

People
Beth Van Fleet (born 1977), American volleyball player
Charles Browne Fleet (1843-1916), American pharmacist
David Fleet (born 1954), Canadian politician
Frank Fleet (1848-1900), American baseball player
Frederick Fleet (1887-1965), British sailor and Titanic survivor
Greg Fleet (born 1960), Australian comedian
James Fleet (born 1954), British actor
James Van Fleet (1892-1992), American general
Jo Van Fleet (1914-1996), American actress
Pat Fleet (born 1943), American voice actress
Preston Fleet (1934-1995), American businessman
Reuben Fleet (1887-1975), American aviation pioneer
Stephan Szpak-Fleet (born 1979), Polish-born American actor
Stephen Fleet (1936-2006), British administrator
William Van Fleet (1852-1923), American judge

Other uses
Fleet Aircraft
FleetBoston Financial, financial institution
Fleet Farm, American farm and ranch supply store chain
Fleet Foxes, American band
Fleet (laxative), brand name for bisacody
Fleet services, English motorway service station
Fleet Spurs F.C.
Ebbsfleet United F.C., whose nickname is The Fleet
Fleet (boardgame), a strategy card game published by Eagle Games
Guest worker

Guest workers are people brought into a country to work in different industries.

They are used to fill a shortage in labour that most often cannot be done locally. Guest workers often do not have the same rights as normal workers. In some countries guest workers are not allowed to stay long periods of time. In Germany there are many guest workers from Turkey. Turkish guest workers have formed their own communities in the German cities where they live. Turkish guest workers have been in Germany since the 1950s.

Many Koreans in Japan came as guest workers early in the 20th century, and in Arab countries late in the century.

Related pages
 Migrant worker

Other websites 

Foreign workers in Malaysia  - News update
The PBS newsmagazine NOW focuses on America's "Guest Workers" including interviews with actual guest workers who work in Montana's forests
Lao Động Đài Loan
Migrant labor activism in New York City from Dollars & Sense magazine
Migrant Workers Television(MWTV) in Seoul Korea
Xưởng Tranh Waki
December 18 vzw - International Advocacy and Resource Center on Migrant Workers Rights  
Migrante International
No One is Illegal
Global Culture: essay on migrant workers 
Migrant Farmworkers and Their Children

Employment
Immigration
Tropical Storm Lee (2005)

Tropical Storm Lee was a weak tropical storm that hardly reached tropical storm status for a short time while over the central Atlantic Ocean during late August and early September 2005. Lee was the twelfth named storm of the 2005 Atlantic hurricane season.

Tropical Storm Lee formed east of the Lesser Antilles as a tropical depression on August 28. On the next day, the depression weakened into a tropical low. The low then moved north and became stronger. It became a tropical storm for a short time on August 31. Lee quickly weakened again into a remnant low and was absorbed by a cold front on September 2.

Storm history

A tropical wave moved off the coast of Africa on August 24. It developed into an area of low pressure as it moved across the Atlantic Ocean. It strengthened into Tropical Depression Thirteen on August 28 while 960 miles (1550 km) east of the Lesser Antilles.

Because of wind shear, the depression began to fall apart. It quickly weakened into a tropical low late on August 29. It had been predicted that this was likely to happen, but the National Hurricane Center (NHC) instead chose to forecast a little bit of strengthening in the future.

The low slowly moved northwards, then turned to the northeast because of another non-tropical system. As it moved to the northeast, the low began to become organized and began to re-strengthen on August 31. That afternoon, the depression strengthened further into Tropical Storm Lee. 

It got to its strongest point with winds of 40 mph (65 km/h), in between Bermuda and the Azores. While Lee was thought to have been a tropical storm for only 6 hours originally, it was later learned that Lee stayed as a tropical storm for 12 hours instead.

Lee quickly weakened into a remnant low. It moved to the west of the non-tropical system that was near it. On September 1, the two systems began join together. Lee began to fall apart while it was being destroyed by the non-tropical system. By the next day, the remnant low was absorbed by a cold front.

Impact
Because Lee stayed far away from land, it did not cause any damage or kill any people.

Naming and records
When Tropical Storm Lee formed on August 31, it was the second earliest time in a season for the development of the 12th named tropical storm. It formed two days after the record held by Hurricane Luis in 1995. 

This made it one of the few storms of the 2005 Atlantic hurricane season to not hold a record for the earliest formation of the nth storm. Also while this was the first use of the name Lee to name an Atlantic storm, after the retirement of Hurricane Lenny in 1999, Lee had previously been used to name 3 storms in the Western Pacific Ocean. Because Lee did not cause any damages or kill any people, its name was not retired by the World Meteorological Organization and will be on the list of names for the 2011 Atlantic hurricane season.

Related pages
 2005 Atlantic hurricane season

References

Other websites
 NHC's archive on Tropical Storm Lee
 NHC's Tropical Cyclone Report on Tropical Storm Lee

Atlantic tropical storms
Lesser Antilles

The Lesser Antilles (also known as the Caribbees) are a group of islands between the eastern edge of the Caribbean Sea and the western Atlantic Ocean. They are east and south of the Greater Antilles. Some of the islands are also just off the northern coast of South America.

References

Caribbean islands

mr:अँटिल्स#लेसर अँटिल्स
Cold front

A cold front is a meteorological word that is used to describe the movement of a cooler air mass into an area of warmer air.  The air with greater density moves under the less dense warmer air, lifting it, which can cause a line of showers and thunderstorms, or a squall line to form when there is sufficient moisture. This upward motion causes lowered pressure along the cold front. On weather maps, the surface position of the cold front is marked with the symbol of a blue line of triangles/spikes pointing in the direction of its movement. Cold fronts can also move up to twice as fast as warm fronts.

Notes 

Meteorology
Separating funnel

A separating funnel (also called a separation funnel) is a piece of laboratory equipment. It is usually made of glass, and is used to separate two liquids, for example, oil and water. They always separate out, and this is how to remove one from the other:

Uses
For this example, oil and water will be used:

A mixture of oil and water is put into a separating funnel and then shaken and then left until it becomes stable again. The liquid with higher density, (in this case water), goes to the bottom of the separating funnel (because it is heavier than oil). When this is done, the bottom of the separating funnel is opened and the water flows out, leaving only the oil.

Structure

A separating funnel is a cone shape made from glass but has a half circle, or hemisphere, on top. It has a stopper at the top and tap or hole at the bottom. The size of one can be between 50 millilitres and 3 litres.

Related pages
Static mixer

Other websites
Use of a separatory funnel or "How to do an upscale extraction", UCLA

Laboratory equipment
Plate reader

Plate readers, also known as microplate readers or microplate photometers, are laboratory equipment used to see any biological, chemical or physical change in samples of chemicals in microtiter plates.

Process 

Most of the time, a very bright lamp shines light to the microtiter well and the chemicals react in special ways which can be measured using special equipment.

Other ways to measure certain things are:
How much the chemicals absorb liquid
If they glow in certain areas
How long does a certain reaction go on for under special conditions

Today, plate readers come with tools for data analysis.

Uses 
Plate readers are used for:
To monitor cell growth 
Acid quantities in chemicals
Cell reactions
Enzyme activity
Cell toxicity
Amounts of chemicals in cells
Checking substances for drugs

Using these plate readers can help human scientists do their work more efficiently. Plate readers are used mostly in research, to find drugs, and to help test the purity of chemicals in pharmacies and laboratories.

Related pages
Microtiter plate

Laboratory equipment
Microtiter plate

A microtiter plate (sometimes called a microplate) is a flat plate with lots of "wells" used as small test tubes.

Structure 

A microtiter plate is used mostly in laboratories and pharmacies. A microtiter plate could have 6, 24, 96, 384 or even sometimes 1536 wells arranged in rows. Some microplates, used in the industry, have been built with 3456 or sometimes 9600 wells for maximum efficiency. Each well of a microplate can only hold very small amounts of liquid.

History 
The first microplate was made in 1951 by a Hungarian man called Dr. G. Takatsky, who made a microtiter plate with 6 rows of 12 wells (so 72 wells). Microtiter plates started being used in bulk in the late 1950s, a man called John Liner from USA had made a different, but better version. By 1990 more than 15 companies were making microtiter plates. 

In 1996, the Society for Biomolecular Screening (SBS) wanted to make the microplate have standards to live up to. And so in 2003, microplates had to have a certain diameter and depth.

Instrument companies have made plate readers which can detect specific biological, chemical or physical changes in chemicals in these plates.

Related pages
Plate reader

Other websites 
http://www.micronit.com/en/products/glass_microfluidic_chips/microtiter_plate.php 
http://www.freewebs.com/immunology/microtiter-plates.html

Laboratory equipment
Bulgarian language

Bulgarian (, [ˈbɤ̞lɡarski ɛˈzik]) is an Indo-European language. It is spoken mainly in Bulgaria and parts of North Macedonia, Serbia, Ukraine and Moldova. The Bulgarian language is similar to the Macedonian and the Serbian languages, which are part of the South Slavic branch of Slavic languages. There are nearly 9 million people in 2011 who use Bulgarian as their main language.  

Bulgarian is a part of the so-called Balkan "Sprachbund" or linguistic group, which also includes Greek, Macedonian, Romanian, Albanian, and the Torlakian dialect of the Serbian language. This does not mean the languages are necessarily related, but that they share certain loanwords and grammatical characteristics due to frequent contact over the years.

Alphabet

Related pages
 Romanization of Bulgarian

References

Slavic languages
Languages of Europe
Erlenmeyer flask

An Erlenmeyer flask or conical flask is a kind of flask with a base in the shape of a cone and a short neck. It was first invented in 1861 by a German chemist named Richard Erlenmeyer. Erlenmeyer Flasks are used in laboratories. 

This type of flask is used as a container for chemical substances, or to heat or boil liquids. It does not allow liquids to spill easily. It is also used in titration.

Laboratory equipment
Girlfriend

A girlfriend is a term that usually means a female partner in a non-marital relationship. It is less common to use the word "girlfriend" to mean a female friend in a platonic relationship.

Related pages
Boyfriend

Basic English 850 words
Women
Native

Native could mean:
Native person, see Indigenous peoples
Native (ecology), an animal or plant species that comes from a given place
In computing, native software is software that is written for a specific processor (see native on Wiktionary)
Native (processing), a CPU processing system
Native (comics), a character in the X-Men comics universe
Native (band), a contemporary French R&B band

Basic English 850 words
The Adventures of Jimmy Neutron: Boy Genius

The Adventures of Jimmy Neutron: Boy Genius is an American computer animated television series. It was shown on the Nickelodeon television network until 2006 (with re-runs airing from April-June 2010 and again in January-May 2011) and currently on Nicktoons. It is a spinoff of the 2001 film, Jimmy Neutron: Boy Genius and later has its own spinoff starring Sheen Estevez called Planet Sheen which became its own series in October 2, 2010.

The series is about a young genius named Jimmy Neutron (James Isaac Neutron) who experiments with laboratory equipment which causes trouble to Retroville. He often has to undo the problems this creates.

Characters

Main characters
 Jimmy Neutron (James Isaac Neutron) is the main character of the series. He is a ten year old genius with an IQ of 210. His friends are Carl Wheezer and Sheen Estevez
 Goddard is Jimmy's mechanical canine pet. He helps him on his destructive tasks he has accidentally done to Retroville.
 Carl Wheezer (Carlton Ulysses Wheezer) is an overweight friend of Jimmy who is obsessed with llamas.
 Sheen Estevez (Ramon Guevera Estevez) is one of Jimmy's best friends who is hyperactive with very little attention span. He is obsessed with a character known as Ultra Lord, even going so far as to write the entire Ultra Lord website on the Internet.
 Cindy Vortex (Cynthia Aurora Vortex) is Jimmy's rival and love interest. She constantly is rude to Jimmy and calls him names like "nerdtron". In the third and final season, they began to be with each other and love one another.

Animated television series
Children's television series
Nickelodeon television series
Nicktoons
The Adventures of Jimmy Neutron: Boy Genius
English-language television programs
2002 television series debuts
2006 television series endings
Concordia, Kansas

Concordia is a city in north-eastern Kansas, USA. It has been the county seat of Cloud County since 1871.

References

Cities in Cloud County, Kansas
County seats in Kansas
Indigenous peoples

Indigenous people means the first people who lived in any region, and not later immigrants.

Indigenous people can also be described as aborigines, native people, first people, first nations and autochthonous. 
The United Nations prefers the phrase Indigenous peoples to these descriptions.  The other descriptions sometimes sound negative (pejorative).

Very often, indigenous people were forced into slavery or badly treated by settlers and immigrants.  Indigenous people were oppressed in colonial times.  Colonial settlers often robbed the indigenous treasures and lands.  Indigenous people were often made slaves, or killed by colonial settlers.

Colonialism often wanted indigenous people to believe that they were lower social class than the new settlers.  This is propaganda. 
Indigenous people can grow up believing that they are lower social class, or less important.  Indigenous people sometimes have to fight for their own land, their own history, human rights and equality.

Related pages
 Human rights
 Colonialism

Other websites

Institutions
 UNEP Indigenous Knowledge Study 
 Survival International
 Cultural Survival 
 Rural poverty and indigenous peoples on Rural Poverty Portal, powered by IFAD
 IFAD and indigenous peoples (International Fund for Agricultural Development, IFAD)
 UN Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues (UN PFII)
 Working Group on Indigenous Populations (WGIP) 
 Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR)- Indigenous peoples
 UNESCO Actions in favour of Indigenous Peoples
 International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs (IWGIA)
 Asia Pacific Indigenous Youth Network (APIYN) 
 Development Gateway Indigenous Issues Topic Page 
 Human Rights Internet- Indigenous issues 
 Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organisation
 European Network for Indigenous Australian Rights (ENIAR)
 Indigenous Peoples' Center for Documentation, Research and Information (docip)
 Diplomacy Monitor - Indigenous Peoples 
 IPS Inter Press Service  News on indigenous peoples from around the world

Indigenous studies
 UNEP Indigenous Knowledge Study 
 University of Burgundy (France) Indigenous Studies (Formation Peuples Autochtones) 
 WWW Virtual Library- Indigenous studies resources 
 Center for World Indigenous Studies (CWIS)
 African Pygmies studies Anthropological fieldwork about Pygmies
 A History of Aboriginal Treaties and Relations in Canada This site includes contextual materials, links to digitized primary sources and summaries of primary source documents.
 Articles on Theory of Property Rights and the Environment