cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Zoe (name)

Zoë (and other such names) is a female name which came from ancient Greece and means "life" in Greek. 

Some uses of the name are:

Real people
 Zoe Ball, British television presenter
 Zooey Deschanel, American actress/musician
 Zoe Karbonopsina (died c. 920), Byzantine empress
 Zoe (empress), Byzantine empress (c. 978–1050)
 Zoe Palaiologina, (c. 1455–April 7, 1503), wife of Tsar Ivan III of Russia
 Zoë (singer), English pop star who had a 1991 hit with "Sunshine On A Rainy Day"
 Zoey (singer), a J-Pop singer

Fictional characters
 Zoë (Sluggy Freelance), a character from the Sluggy Freelance comic strip
 Zoë Castillo, a character from the computer game Dreamfall: The Longest Journey
 Zoé (Little Big Adventure), a character from Little Big Adventure video games
 Zoë, a character in the series Monarch of the Glen
 Zoë (All My Children), a character on the All My Children soap opera
 Zoe Reynolds a character played by Keeley Hawes in the BBC television series Spooks, (MI-5 in the United States)
 Zoe Orimoto, a character from Digimon Frontier
 Zoe Washburne, from the television series [[Firefly (TV series)|Firefly]]
 Zoe Heriot, a character in the television series Doctor Who
 Zoë (Sesame Street), a Muppet
 Zoe MacPherson, a character from the Baby Blues comic strip
 Zoey (Pokémon)
 Zoey Brooks, main character on Zoey 101
 Zoey Hanson, Ichigo Momomiya's English dub name in Tokyo Mew Mew (Mew Mew Power)
 Zooey Glass, One of the principal characters in Franny and Zooey the dual stories published by J.D. Salinger in 1955

Given names
Rick Warren

Richard Duane "Rick" Warren (born January 28, 1954) is both founder and pastor of the evangelical Baptist Saddleback Church in Southern California. It is the largest church in California. He is also the best-selling author of many Christian books, such as The Purpose Driven Life. He is also an influential evangelical leader.

Warren was born in San Jose, California.

Other websites 

1954 births
Living people
American Baptists
American Evangelicals
Christian ministers
Christian religious leaders
Christian writers
People from San Jose, California
Writers from California
Antilopine kangaroo

The antilopine kangaroo (Macropus antilopinus), also called the antilopine wallaroo or the antilopine wallaby, is a large macropod that lives only in the tropical areas of northern Australia. They live in Cape York Peninsula in north Queensland, the "Top End" of the Northern Territory, and the Kimberley region of Western Australia. They live in groups feeding on the open grass lands. Antilopine kangaroos are often in groups of all males, or all females.

The male is a red colour and females are grey. The males can get as big as 70 kg, but the females are usually around 30 kg. It is slightly smaller than the red kangaroo (Macropus rufus) and the eastern grey kangaroo (Macropus giganteus). Babies are born in the summer (February-March), and leave the mother's pouch in Novemember, at the start of the wet season

Climate change could mean that this kangaroo could become extinct in the future.

References

Other websites
Photo of Macropus antilopinus 

Macropods
Marsupials of Australia
Synchronization

Synchronization is the co-ordination of a set of events into a system that works according to time. For example, a conductor of an orchestra serves to keep the orchestra in time, or synchronized. Systems that operate with all their parts in synchrony are said to be synchronous or in sync.

In synchronization, time and order are important. It is used in many everyday systems, including those in transport, computer science, music, multimedia and telecommunication.

Today, synchronization can be done across the world due to digital signals and GPS-enabled time-keeping systems.

Related pages 

 Atomic clock
 Flywheel
 Time
 Tuning fork
 Race condition
 Synchronization (computer science)

Other websites 
 Dictionary Definitions

Time
Peptide

Peptides are organic chemical molecules. They are polymers made from linking amino acids together in a certain order. The link between one amino acid residue and the next is known as an amide bond or a peptide bond.

Linking peptides together gives proteins, which are also known as Polypeptides.

Molecular biology
Polymers
Cubic foot

A cubic foot is a measure of volume. It is the amount of liquid that can be fit into a box 1 foot deep, one foot wide, and one foot in length. A cubic foot can be written ft3. It is used in the United States, and partially in Canada, and the United Kingdom.

Units of area

ja:フィート#立方フィート
Webmin

Webmin is a web-based system configuration tool for OpenSolaris, Linux and other Unix-like systems. It can configure many operating system internals, such as users, disk quotas, services, configuration files, as well as modify and control many opensource applications, such as the Apache HTTP Server, PHP and MySQL.

Webmin is largely based on Perl, running as its own process and web server. It defaults to TCP port 10000 for communicating, and can be configured to use SSL if OpenSSL is installed with extra required Perl Modules.

References

Unix
Web server software
Family tree

A family tree is a chart showing family relationships in a  tree structure form. The more detailed family trees used in medicine, genealogy, and social work are known as genograms.

As normally showed, a family tree "grows" down from the top, from the oldest generations at the top to the newer generations at the bottom. A tree showing the descendants of an individual (illustration right) will more closely look like a tree in shape; one showing the ancestors of an individual (illustration below in "The Family Tree of Sigmund") will be wider at the top than the bottom. When looking at the closer to the bottom of the tree, it will show more recent generations, and when looking farther up, there will be older generations.
the oldest family members go on the right maybe the  left.

Related pages 

Ancestor table
Genogram

Genealogy
Palembang

Palembang is a city in Indonesia. It is in the south of the Indonesian island of Sumatra. As of mid-2019, 1,662,893 people live there. It is the capital of the province of South Sumatra.

History 
The city was the capital of the old, Buddhist kingdom of Srivijaya that included a large part of Malaysia and Indonesia. After a 1025 raid by the Chola Empire of southern India it became less imortant. Srivijaya's capital moved north to Jambi. Palembang is also the home of Parameswara, the ruler of Malacca (a state in Malaysia) who started the most important empire in Malaysian history. 

The Battle of Palembang was fought near the city during the Second World War between February 13-February 15 1942. Japanese forces captured the airport and nearby oil refinery after a short but bloody battle.

Economy 
Palembang's economy has grown after it became a venue for National Sporting Event in 2004. . Palembang was also one of hosts of the 2007 AFC Asian Cup.

The city is served by Sultan Mahmud Badaruddin II Airport which has many flights to many cities in Indonesia and also to Singapore and Malaysia.

This city is famous in Indonesia for its "Pempek" fish cakes.

References

Other websites 
 City of Palembang government - in Indonesian
 Heraldry of Palembang
 Visit Musi 2008 

Cities in Indonesia
Beccles

Beccles is a small market town in Suffolk, England, around the area of The Broads. The town had a population of about 9, 850 people around 2005. Beccles has a suburb called Worlingham which has a combined population of about 13,580.  Beccles is twinned with Petit-Couronne in France.

History

Beccles was once a flourishing Saxon riverport, but today it is in the Waveney valley. There is a popular boating centre. The town was granted its Charter in 1584 by Queen Elizabeth I.

The Peck family was associated with Beccles for a long time. The Puritan Peck was eventually forced to leave, and went to Hingham, Massachusetts, founded by many members of his parish, where he lived for several years, until King Charles I had been executed and Oliver Cromwell was in charge of government. At that time, Robert Peck decided to return to Hingham, Norfolk, and continued his pastorship of St. Andrews Church. He died in Hingham but he left descendants in America, as well as his brother Joseph Peck, who settled in Rehoboth, Massachusetts.

References 

Market towns in England
Towns in Suffolk
Darwinism

Darwinism is a term used to talk about ideas connected to those Charles Darwin had about evolution. The meaning of 'Darwinism' has changed over time, and depends on who uses the term.

Summary 

 Within any population, there is natural variation. Some individuals have more favourable variations than others.
 Even though all species produce a large number of offsprings, populations remain fairly constant naturally.
 This is due to the struggle between members of the same species and different species for food, space, and mate.
 The struggle for survival within populations eliminates the unfit individuals. The fit individuals possessing favourable variations survive and reproduce. This is called natural selection (or survival of the fittest).
 The individuals having favourable variations pass on these variations to their progeny from generation to generation. 
 These variations when accumulated over a long period of time, lead to the origin of new species.

History 
The term was coined by Thomas Henry Huxley in April 1860. He used it to describe evolutionary concepts, including similar ideas such as Malthusianism and Spencerism. In the late 19th century it came to mean the concept that natural selection was the only mechanism of evolution, in contrast to Lamarckism. Around 1900, Gregor Mendel's work was rediscovered. Today, Darwin and Mendel's ideas have been brought together. The term 'Darwinism' has become associated with the modern evolutionary synthesis.

References

Evolution
Charles Darwin
Istria

Istria (Croatian, Slovene: Istra, Italian: Istria), formerly Histria (Latin), is the biggest peninsula in the Adriatic Sea.

Census data 

Source: Croatian Census - 2001. Slovenian Census - 2002. Italian Census - 1970/2001

Related pages
Istrian-Dalmatian exodus

References 

History of Europe
Geography of Croatia
Geography of Slovenia
Geography of Italy
Italian-speaking countries
Prenatal diagnosis

Prenatal testing or Prenatal diagnosis are tests done on pregnant women. They are used to test fetuses for birth defects and some genetic disorders. 

Prenatal tests can be non-invasive or invasive.  Non-invasive tests include things like utrasounds. In invasive tests, a needle is inserted - for example, to get a sample of fluid from the placenta). 

Prenatal tests can check for many conditions, like:
 Down syndrome
 Spina bifida 
 Cleft palate
 Tay-Sachs disease
 Sickle-cell disease
 Thalassaemia
 Cystic fibrosis
 Fragile X syndrome

In some cases, the tests are administered to determine if the parents want to abort the fetus.

In some cases, fetal screening has been done to identify things that are not birth defects. For example, in some parts of the world, if an ultrasound shows that a fetus is female, it is sometimes aborted.  The rise of designer babies raises a number of ethical and legal issues.

Medicine
Compulsory sterilization

Compulsory sterilization is a term used for laws that force certain groups of people to be sterilized so that they can no longer make babies. International Criminal Court considers compulsory sterilization for a "crime against humanity". Transgender persons are often obliged to undergo sterilization for legal rocognition of legal status depite the Principle 3 of the Yogyakarta Principles. 

Such laws were mainly introduced because of Eugenic views of the start of the 20th century. Today, most compulsory sterilizations are done to mentally ill people who are not able to handle a pregnancy on their own. In China, compulsory sterilization is part of family planning.

Note 

Contraception
Human rights
Malthusianism

Malthusianism is a set of ideas developed by Reverend Thomas Robert Malthus. Malthus was an economist who lived during the industrial revolution.

In 1798, Mathus published a book, called An Essay on the Principle of Population. In it, he describes the Malthusian growth model. He wrote that the growth of the population is exponential. The growth of the food supply however is only arithmetical. This means if there are no limits to the growth of the population, that it will not be possible to produce food for all of them. This is known as Malthusian catastrophe. Malthus wrote during the time of the Manchester School of thought.

The Tory party had paternalistic ideas such as charity for the poor. Malthus said this would not work, and it would only lead to increased numbers of the poor. The theory was developed into Whig economic ideas such as The Poor Law Amendment Act of 1834. Its  opponents  described the act as "a Malthusian bill designed to force the poor to emigrate, to work for lower wages, to live on a coarser sort of food". The act brought the construction of workhouses despite riots and arson.

By that time the ideas were widespread in progressive social circles. One supporter was the novelist Harriet Martineau whose circle of acquaintances included Charles Darwin. The ideas of Malthus were a significant influence on the inception of Darwin's theory.

According to Dr. Dan Ritschel of the Center for History Education at the University of Maryland, <blockquote>The great Malthusian dread was that "indiscriminate charity" would lead to exponential growth in the population in poverty, increased charges to the public purse to support this growing army of the dependent, and, eventually, the catastrophe of national bankruptcy. Though Malthusianism has since come to be identified with the issue of general over-population, the original Malthusian concern was more specifically with the fear of over-population by the dependent poor!

One of the earliest critics of Malthusian theory was Karl Marx who referred (in "Capital", see Marx's footnote on Malthus from Capital - a reference below) to it as "nothing more than a schoolboyish, superficial plagiary of De Foe, Sir James Steuart, Townsend, Franklin, Wallace" and others, postulating that progress in science and technology would allow for indefinite exponential population growth.

Many people today still believe that Mathus was right about human population growth getting out of hand.

Sources 
Adrian Desmond and James Moore, Darwin (London: Michael Joseph, the Penguin Group, 1991). 
Marx's footnote on Malthus from Capital

References

Other websites 

Antony Trewavas, "Malthus foiled again and again,", Nature, August 8, 2002

Economic history
Francis Galton

Sir Francis Galton FRS (Birmingham, 16 February 1822 – Surrey, 17 January 1911), half-cousin of Charles Darwin, was an English  scientist. His main field of work was human biology and inheritance of mental characteristics.

Galton was a polymath: an anthropologist, a eugenicist, a tropical explorer, geographer, inventor, meteorologist, proto-geneticist, psychometrician, and statistician. He was knighted in 1909.

Galton produced over 340 papers and books in his lifetime. He created the statistical concepts of normal distribution, correlation and regression toward the mean. He was the first to apply statistical methods to the study of human differences and inheritance of intelligence. 

He was the first person to do twin studies. His method was to trace twins through their life-history, making many kinds of measurement. Unfortunately, though he knew about monozygotic (identical twins) and dizygotic twins, he did not appreciate the real genetic difference. Twin studies of the modern kind did not appear until the 1920s.

He also introduced the use of questionnaires and surveys to collect data on human communities. He needed such data for genealogical and biographical works and for his anthropometric studies. He was a pioneer in eugenics, coining the very term itself and the phrase "nature versus nurture". As an investigator of the human mind, he founded psychometrics (the science of measuring mental faculties) and differential psychology. 

Galton created a method for classifying fingerprints that proved useful in forensic science. As the initiator of scientific meteorology, he devised the first weather map, proposed a theory of anticyclones, and was the first to establish a complete record of short-term climatic phenomena on a European scale. He also invented the Galton Whistle for testing differential hearing ability.

Books by Galton 
1853 Narrative of an explorer in tropical South Africa.
1855. The art of travel, or shifts and contrivances available in wild countries. Murray, London.
1863. Meteorographica. Macmillan, London.
1869 [2nd ed 1892]. Hereditary genius: its laws and consequences. Macmillan, London.
1874. English men of science: their nature and nature.
1883. Inquiries into human faculty and its development. Macmillan, London.
1884. Record of family faculties. Macmillan, London.
1889. Natural inheritance. Macmillan, London.
1892. Fingerprints. Macmillan, London.
1893. Decipherment of blurred finger prints.
1895. Fingerprint directories.
1909. Memories of my life. Macmillan, London.
1909. Noteworthy families. Murray, London.

References

1822 births
1911 deaths
English biologists
English geneticists
British geographers
Meteorologists
People from Birmingham
Herbert Spencer

Herbert Spencer (27 April 1820 – 8 December 1903) was an English philosopher, and a prominent liberal political and social theorist of the Victorian era.

Works
Spencer developed an all-embracing conception of evolution. He saw evolution as the progressive development of the physical world, biological organisms, the human mind, and human culture and societies. 

Spencer never married; he remained a bachelor. He contributed to a wide range of subjects, including ethics, religion, politics, philosophy, biology, sociology, and psychology.

Like Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace, he read Malthus' Essay on the principle of population, and was deeply impressed by its argument. Malthus said that sooner or later population growth gets checked by famine and disease, and there are then many deaths. So, he was prepared for Darwin's idea of natural selection, which he preferred to call "survival of the fittest". He did this in  Principles of Biology (1864), after reading Charles Darwin's On the Origin of Species.
"This survival of the fittest, which I have here sought to express in mechanical terms, is that which Mr. Darwin has called ‘natural selection’, or the preservation of favoured races in the struggle for life." 

Spencer's term does strongly suggest natural selection, yet as he extended evolution into realms of sociology and ethics, Spencer made use of Lamarckism rather than natural selection, so it seems he was not a Darwinian after all. Others took up his social ideas, and drew the conclusion that it was useless to try and help the poor, and that competition without limits was the way society should go. Darwin himself did not accept these ideas, but they were quite widespread in the United States at the end of the nineteenth century.

References

1820 births
1903 deaths
19th-century English philosophers
British feminists
Libertarians
National sport

A national sport is a sport or game that was invented and firstly played by citizens of the same country or nation. It also means the game or sport has a long history of popularity in the country or nation.
Each country has its own national sport.

Sports
Sport
Rongorongo

Rongorongo is a system of writing native to Easter Island. It cannot be read. There are two dozen examples of rongorongo script, mostly carved on tablets made from wood of the portia tree Thespesia populnea, known as makoi in Rapanui (Easter Island) language. The longest inscription in existence is the Santiago Staff, a wooden sceptre 126 centimetres long and 6.5 centimetres wide, bearing 2300 glyphs (Gr. γλυφη "carving"). The staff, which once belonged to an Easter Island king, was acquired by the Chilean Navy in 1870 and is now in Santiago's Museum of Natural History.

In 2019, only 25 texts were seen as authentic. These texts and artefacts are distributed over diffent museum in the world, none remains on the Easter Island. The total text corpus is about 14,000 "letters", made of about 600 different glyphs. The writing was probably used for religious puroposes; only very few people used it. The age of the writing is unknown. In the 19th century, Europeans received the first objects with writing on them. Some glyphs show plants that do not exist, or have never existed on Easter Island. One example is the Breadfruit, which has never existed on Eastter Island. The knowledge of the plant must have been passed on from the first settlers, from generation to generation.  

When the Euopeans came ot the island, they paid high prices for tablets containing Rongoro. Today, there are a number of artefacts containing Rongorongo whch are clear forgeries. There are some, where the claim is disputed.

References

Other websites 
Unicode.

Thespesia 

Unreadable writing systems
Easter Island
Candle Festival

The Candle Festival (known in Thai as Haetian) is held in Ubon Ratchathani, Isan, Thailand.

At the start of rainy season, it is traditional for the devout to donate to monks items of personal use, such as candles. This part of the festival became the core of the Ubon Ratchathani version of the event. It is now a major event both for residents and for tourists: giant candles are paraded through the town, each representing a local temple, district or other institution. The more elaborate versions are accompanied by scenes of Hindu and Buddhist mythology sculpted in wood or plaster and coated with wax.

Festivals in Asia
Thai culture
Portia tree

The portia tree (Thespesia populnea) Family Malvaceae, is a small tree or shrub 5-10 (-20) m high that is pantropical in littoral environments, although probably native only to the Old World. In Hawai‘i and elsewhere in the Pacific it is possibly indigenous, although may have been spread by early Polynesians for its useful wood and fiber.

Common names vary according to the country and include "Indian tulip tree", "Pacific rosewood", "seaside mahoe" (in Florida), surina (the "elegant tree"), suriya (Sinhala), bebaru or baru baru (Malay), milo or miro (in many Polynesian languages), mako‘i (Rapanui), gangaraavi (Telugu), poovarasu (Tamil), and plaksa (Sanskrit).

Traditionally it was planted in sacred groves and used for religious sculpture throughout eastern Polynesia. It was used for the rongorongo tablets of Easter Island.

Sources 
 Binggeli, P. 1999.Miro

Other websites 
 Milo at Canoe Plants of Ancient Hawaii
 description

Malvaceae
Trees
The Legend of Zelda: The Minish Cap

The Legend of Zelda: The Minish Cap, known in Japan as , is an action adventure video game made by Flagship and published by Nintendo for the Game Boy Advance game console.

2004 video games
2005 video games
Flagship games
Game Boy Advance games
Game Boy Advance-only games
Virtual Console games
Minish Cap
PAL region

The PAL region is a PAL region which covers most of Asia, Africa, Australia, New Zealand, and Europe.

Related pages
 PAL
 Regional lockout

Television technology
The Legend of Zelda: Four Swords Adventures

The Legend of Zelda: Four Swords Adventures, known in Japan as , is an action adventure video game made by Nintendo for the Nintendo GameCube game console.

2004 video games
Cooperative video games
Nintendo GameCube-only games
Nintendo Entertainment Analysis and Development games
Four Swords Adventures
The Legend of Zelda: Oracle of Ages and Oracle of Seasons

The Legend of Zelda: Oracle of Ages and The Legend of Zelda: Oracle of Seasons are action adventure video games made by Capcom and published by Nintendo for the Game Boy Color game console.

Plot

Oracle of Seasons
The Triforce sends Link to the land of Holodrum, where he stumbles upon a traveling group of performers. After resting with them a bit, he finds out that the mysterious dancer from the troupe is actually the Oracle of Seasons, Din. An evil general named Onox comes and captures her in order to gain power. By doing so he also puts all the seasons into chaos and evil spreads throughout the land. Link must find all the essences of nature to defeat the evil general to save Din.

Oracle of Ages
The Triforce sends Link to the land of Labrynna, where he finds a woman named Impa. They go to see a singer named Nayru. Nayru is the Oracle of Ages. Impa is revealed to have been possessed by Veran, Sorceress of Shadows, who leaves Impa and goes to possess Nayru, causing the time to fall into chaos. Link must find the Essences of Time in order to save Nayru from Veran.

References

2001 video games
2013 video games
2016 video games
Flagship games
Game Boy Color games
Virtual Console games
Oracle of Ages and Oracle of Seasons
Video games with time travel
The Legend of Zelda: Majora's Mask

is an action-adventure video game made by Nintendo for the Nintendo 64 game console. The game was remade in 2015 for the Nintendo 3DS titled The Legend of Zelda: Majora's Mask 3D

Plot
After The Legend of Zelda: Ocarina of Time, Link is led to Termina by the possessed Skull Kid and is turned into a Deku, a small, wooden creature. He meets the Happy Mask Salesman, a very moody man. He offers to fix Link if he gets the mask Skull Kid got with a time of three days. However, three days passed, and the Skull Kid, possessed with Majora's Mask (what the Happy Mask Salesman needed) brings the moon down to destroy Termina. Link stops him, gets his ocarina back, and returns back three days ago. He returns to the Salesman who believes Link has the mask. He reheals him before he sees Link never got the mask. Link now has to stop the moon that will destroy everything, which is being done by Majora's Mask, the mask held by Skull Kid. To stop it, he needs to summon the Four Giants. He fights the possessed spirits, and the Giants hold the moon. However, Majora's Mask leaves Skull Kid and goes to the Moon, After helping people, Link finally goes to the moon. It is actually a plain with a tree. Under the tree, a kid agrees to play with him as the final battle takes hold. Link finally defeats the evil in Majora's Mask and it is now a lifeless mask. He returns it to the Salesman. After this, Link leaves Termina as the game ends.

Related pages
The Legend of Zelda: Ocarina of Time

2000 video games
Nintendo 64 games
Nintendo GameCube games
Nintendo Entertainment Analysis and Development games
Majora's Mask
Video games with time travel

ar:ذا ليجند أوف زيلدا#قناع ماجورا (Majora's Mask)
The Legend of Zelda: Link's Awakening

The Legend of Zelda: Link's Awakening, known in Japan as , is an action-adventure video game made by Nintendo for the Game Boy game console. It was remade for the Game Boy Color with full color graphics and new features.

History 
Unlinke most The Legend of Zelda games, Link's Awakening's history is outside of the Hyrule kingdom. No location or character of the other games appear, aside the presence of the main hero Link and a mention to the princess Zelda. The game takes place in a completely new region, the Koholint island.

After the events of A Link to the Past, the hero Link travels by boat to other countries to become stronger. When he is going back to Hyrule, a storm destroys his boat, and Link loses consciousness. Marin, a girl living on Koholint, takes him to her house. When Link wakes up, he meets Marin and her father, Tarin. Marin is fascinated by Link and by the world outside Koholint, and she tells Link that if she were a seagull, she would travel beyond her island.

Links goes out to find his sword and when he finds it, an owl tells him that if he wants to go back home, he must wake up the Wind Fish, the guardian of the island that sleeps in an egg at the top of the island. For this he needs the eight Instruments of the Sirens. Link explores dungeons to find these instruments. When he searches the seventh instrument, at the Ancient Ruins, he finds a texts that tells the reality about the Koholint isle: it is a dream world that only exists in the dream of the Wind Fish.

After findeing all eight instruments, Link goes to the top of the island: mount Tamaranch. There he plays the ballad of the windfish with the instruments.This breaks the egg; Link then goes into the egg. Here, he fights against the last monster. When he wins the battle, the owl reveals that he is a part of the Wind Fish's spirit, and the Wind Fish confirmes that this world was only a dream.

Link plays the ballad of the Wind Fish a second time, and the Wind Fish finally wakes up; Koholint and its inhabitants disapear, everything of this dream disapears. Link wakes up in the ocean, on a piece of wood (his boat was destroyed). The Wind Fish flies above him. After the credits, if the player did not lose any life during the game, we see a seagull flying away and Marin's face appears (she, the seagull, finally is outside of her island).

References

1993 video games
1998 video games
1999 video games
2011 video games
2016 video games
Game Boy games
Game Boy Color games
Virtual Console games
Nintendo Entertainment Analysis and Development games
Link's Awakening
Video game remakes
Zelda II: The Adventure of Link

Zelda II: The Adventure of Link is an adventure-role-playing video game made by Nintendo for the Nintendo Entertainment System game console.

Plot
The main hero of the series, Link, finds out that Princess Zelda has gone under a deep sleep after a fight with a wizard. While trying to find crystals to awaken Zelda, Link also fights off followers of Ganon, who are trying to bring him back to life.

Gameplay
The gameplay of The Adventure of Link is very different from the rest of the series. It is a role-playing game where the player gains experience and levels up stats. The map is also different; the overworld is a birds-eye view, while smaller maps are side scrolling where the player moves only left and right.

Development
Shigeru Miyamoto wanted to have a very different game than the first game, The Legend of Zelda. While Miyamoto was still the producer of the game, it was developed by new people than before. Instead of keeping a view from above, Zelda II has a side-view of the game when fighting enemies or exploring dungeons. The game was originally developed for the Famicom, but was released on worldwide systems after.

References

1987 video games
The Legend of Zelda games
Famicom Disk System games
Game Boy Advance games
Nintendo Entertainment Analysis and Development games
Nintendo Entertainment System games
Virtual Console games
Virtual Console games for Wii U
Tautology (rhetoric)

In rhetoric, a tautology is the repetition of a statement, for example, "With malice toward none, with charity for all". 

Unlike a tautology in logic, it is not automatically true.

Examples 
 The phrase "A is A", often mistakenly attributed to Aristotle, was a favorite of Ayn Rand. The idea frequently appears in her  philosophy, especially as written in her novel Atlas Shrugged.
 The phrase A is B because A is B.
 In his book Mostly Harmless, Douglas Adams used the phrase, "Anything that happens, happens. Anything that in happening causes something else to happen, causes something else to happen. Anything that in happening happens again, happens again. Though not necessarily in that order."
 Comedian Mitch Hedberg joked about a tautological advertisement for a boxing match: "It said, It's a fight to the finish! (pause) That's a good place to end."

Figures of speech
Tautology (logic)

A tautology can also be a figure of speech
In propositional logic, a tautology (from the Greek word ταυτολογία) is a propositional formula that is always true, and is sometimes denoted by the symbol  (a symbol also reserved for the truth value 'true'). In other words, a tautology cannot be wrong. For example, formulae in maths are tautological, because they always hold true for any values. The philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein first applied the term to propositional logic in 1921.

A statement in logic is considered contingent if it is neither a tautology nor false.

Some examples of tautologies in natural language include: 
 "I know that this is Wikipedia because I know that this is Wikipedia."
 "I am president of this club because I am the president of this club."
 "The first rule of the tautology club is the first rule of the tautology club."
These tautologies are sentences of the following form:
 A is true because A is true
Indeed, if A is not true, then A is not true, so the tautology is still true.

Related pages 

 Logic

References 

Logic
Longhorn beetle

The longhorn beetles or long-horned beetles (Cerambycidae) are a family of beetles that have long antennae. The antennae may be longer than the beetles' body. Over 35,000 species have been described.

The length of the antennae is an obvious feature of their body. Their long antennae sprout from tubercles on the face. Cerambycids with short antennae still have the tubercles. Otherwise they vary greatly in size, shape, sculpture, and colour.

Many of the species are mimics of Hymenoptera (ants, bees, and wasps). The rest are cryptically colored. The titan beetle (Titanus giganteus) from northeastern South America is often considered the largest insect (though not the heaviest, and not the longest including legs). Its maximum body length is just over .

References

Other websites 
 cerambycoidea.com
 Photo gallery of word-wide long-horned beetles

Polyphaga
Gene pool

A gene pool is the set of all possible variations (alleles) of all genes of a population. It is a concept in population genetics.

For example, plants have genes that say what colour their flowers will be. The gene pool of peas has an allele for red flowers and another one for white flowers.

Classical genetics
Transcription (genetics)

Transcription is when RNA is made from DNA. The DNA sequence is copied by a special enzyme called RNA polymerase to make a matching RNA strand.

"All living things, with their myriad variations, use an almost identical microscopic machine to read their genes. This machine – RNA polymerase – is responsible for a process called transcription, which by producing RNA from DNA, takes the first step in reading the blueprint of life that is encoded in all of our genes".

The matching RNA strand is a 'pre-messenger RNA'. Next, the non-coding introns are stripped out by a spliceosome. The remaining exons are put together to make a messenger RNA.

The product is called messenger RNA (mRNA) because it carries a genetic message from the DNA to the protein-making machinery of the cell. Transcription is the first step that leads to the expression of the genes.

The stretch of DNA that is transcribed into an RNA molecule is called a transcription unit. This contains:
 sequences which regulate the protein synthesis 
 sequences which do not code: introns
 sequences which do code for amino acid sequences in the protein. They are called exons. 

As in DNA replication, only one of the two DNA strands is transcribed. This strand is called the template strand, because it provides the template for ordering the sequence of nucleotides in an RNA transcript. The other strand is called the coding strand. Its sequence is the same as the newly created RNA transcript (except for thymine being substituted for uracil).

The DNA template strand is read 3' → 5' direction by RNA polymerase and the new RNA strand is synthesized in the 5'→ 3' direction. RNA polymerase binds to the 3' end of a gene (promoter) on the DNA template strand and travels toward the 5' end.

Roger D. Kornberg won the 2006 Nobel Prize in Chemistry "for his studies of the molecular basis of eukaryotic transcription".

Related pages 
RNA splicing
Intron
Oncogene
Transcription factor
Translation (genetics)
Reverse transcriptase

References 

Cell biology
Molecular biology
Genetics
Star Wars prequel trilogy

The Star Wars prequel trilogy is a series of movies released between May 1999 and May 2005. All three movies were written and directed by George Lucas.

Production
Lucasfilm started production on The Phantom Menace after George Lucas got interested in reviving the Star Wars franchise.

Reception
While all three movies are financially successful, the first two movies had mixed reviews, with the final movie having better reviews. Critics didn't like the dialogue and some of the characters, including Jar Jar Binks. The trilogy has been popular with Millennials who grew up with the movies. Because of this, the subreddit called Prequel Memes gained popularity.

Mass media franchises introduced in 1999
Star Wars Skywalker Saga movies
Abbasid Caliphate

The Abbasid Caliphate was the third of the four greatest Muslim caliphates of the Arab Empire. It overthrew the Umayyad caliphs from all but Al-Andalus. It was built by the descendant of Muhammad's youngest uncle, Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib. It was created in Harran in 750 of the Christian era and shifted its capital in AD 762 from Harran to Baghdad. It flourished for two centuries. Abbasid rule was ended in 1258, when Hulagu Khan, the Mongol conqueror, sacked Baghdad. But they continued to claim authority in religious matters from their base in Egypt.

During the period of the Abassid dynasty, Abassid claims to the caliphate did not go unchallenged. The  Ubayd Allah al-Mahdi Billah of the Fatimid dynasty, which claimed descendency of Muhammad through his daughter, claimed the title of Caliph in 909 and created a separate line of caliphs in North Africa. Initially it covered only Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia and Libya, but then the Fatimid caliphs extended their rule for the next 150 years, taking Egypt and Palestine and even ancient Pakistan, before the Abbassid dynasty was able to turn the tide, limiting Fatimid rule to Egypt. The Fatimid dynasty finally ended in 1171. The Umayyad dynasty, which had survived and come to rule over the Muslim provinces of Spain, reclaimed the title of Caliph in 929, lasting until it was overthrown in 1031.

The tenth caliph, namely Al-Mutawakkil, is the person who oversaw the introduction of hadiths.

Related pages
 Sunni Islam
 Islamic Golden Age

Notes

Other websites 
 Abbasids (750-1517) 
 Abbasids the 2nd dynasty of caliphs 
 Abbasid Caliphs (In Our Time, Radio 4), in Streaming RealAudio
 An On-Going Detailed Account of the History of the Abbasids from an Islamic perspective. Most of the narrations have been sifted through to avoid "biased" theories regardless if the historians as mentioned are Shiite or Sunni.
 Abbasid Caliphate entry in Encyclopaedia Iranica

Caliphates
Former countries in the Middle East
Former monarchies
Former monarchies of Africa
Former monarchies of Asia
Former monarchies of Europe
750 establishments
1517 disestablishments
8th-century establishments in Asia
8th-century establishments in Africa
16th-century disestablishments in Asia
Disestablishments in Africa
Medieval Azerbaijan
Seattle Mariners

The Seattle Mariners are an American Major League Baseball team based in Seattle, Washington. The Mariners are part of the Western Division of Major League Baseball's American League. Since July 1999, their home stadium has been T-Mobile Park (originally Safeco Field). Until they moved in June 1999, the club's home park was the Kingdome.

Seattle had minor league baseball teams from the early 1900s to the late 1960s, with nicknames such as the "Indians" and the "Rainiers".

The first major league baseball franchise in Seattle was the Seattle Pilots, formed in 1969. The Pilots moved to Milwaukee the next year and became the Milwaukee Brewers. As a result, the city of Seattle, King County, and the state of Washington sued the American League for $32 million dollars in damages. In exchange for dropping the law suit, the American League gave Seattle a Major League Baseball team in 1977.

Seattle is a large and important seaport, a fact which led to the major league teams being called the "Pilots" and the "Mariners".

The Mariner's first winning season was in 1991, and the first time they made the playoffs was in 1995. The Mariners are owned by Nintendo of America, and the general manager of the team is Jack Zduriencik.

References

Other websites 

Seattle Mariners official website 
Seattle Mariners team statistics

 
1977 establishments in the United States
1970s establishments in Washington (state)
Guanajuato (state)

Guanajuato is a state in central Mexico. About 4,890,000 people live there. Its capital is also called Guanajuato. The largest city is León.

 
States of Mexico
Yucatán (state)

Yucatán is a state in the east of Mexico. About 1,820,000 people live in Yucatán. Its capital is called Mérida. 

The state is on the Yucatán Peninsula. It has the state of Campeche to the southwest, and Quintana Roo to the southeast. The Gulf of Mexico is off its north coast.

The state was a very important region for the Mayan civilization. There are still some villages there with Mayan-descent people who speak the old language. There are also archaeological sites where Mayan remains are investigated.

 
States of Mexico
Caravaggio

Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio (28 September 1571 – 18 July 1610) was an Italian artist. He worked in Rome, Naples, Malta and Sicily between 1593 and 1610. He was a painter who did a type of art called Baroque style. He was the first person to be really good at painting this way.

Even while he was alive, many people talked about Caravaggio. Some people liked to see what he did, and how he lived, and thought he was a good person. Other people thought he was very strange. Some people thought he was bad. He did not want to fit in, sometimes. He started being a famous painter in Rome in 1600. Many people gave him money to paint pictures for them, but he used all his money and sometimes got into trouble.  In 1604 someone wrote a note about him, and said that he was rude and a bad person. This note tells us how he lived, in 1601: In 1606 he killed a young man in a fight and ran away from Rome.  He ran away because Rome said it would give money to people who caught Caravaggio.  In Malta in 1608 he got into a fight again. He got into another fight in Naples in 1609, but this fight could have been enemies (people who hated him) trying to kill him. In 1610, after making paintings for more than ten years, he died.

Huge new churches and palazzi were being built in Rome the last years of the 1500s and the first years of the 1600s.  These big churches needed paintings to hang on the walls. The Counter-Reformation Catholic Church wanted to find painters who would paint beautiful art about God.  They wanted people to like the art so much that they would think Protestantism was ugly and boring, and wouldn't want to start being part of a Protestant church. So the Catholic Church needed a new type of art, because Mannerism had been the most famous type of art for 100 years, and now it was boring.  Caravaggio's paintings were new, and different from Mannerism.  He painted in a way called naturalism, which means that he painted things how they actually looked. He painted pictures of people so that the people looked real, and he made his pictures look exciting by painting a lot of very dark shadows and very bright lights (which is called chiaroscuro).  

While he was alive he was very famous, and many artists wanted to paint like he did.  But after he died, most people forgot about him, and didn't care about his paintings.  Hundreds of years later, in the 1900s, people looked at his art again, and saw that he had been very important.  They saw that many other famous artists had tried to paint like he did.  Because so many artists had seen his paintings, and liked how he painted, and tried to paint like he did, he made many artists paint in the Baroque style, too. The Baroque style was very famous for hundreds of years. 

Andre Berne-Joffroy, Paul Valéry’s secretary, said that: "What begins in the work of Caravaggio is, quite simply, modern painting."

Related pages
 List of Italian painters

References

1571 births
1610 deaths

16th-century Italian painters
Gothic Revival architecture

Gothic Revival architecture is architecture that has been made to look as if it is from medieval times, but is really much later. This architectural style began in the late 1740s in England. Its momentum grew in the early 19th century. Serious and learned admirers of neo-Gothic styles sought to revive medieval Gothic architecture.

The Gothic style of architecture was built in Europe between about 1140 and about 1550. Beginning in late 18th century Europe, through the 19th century and into the early 20th century in Europe and elsewhere there was a fashion to build in the Gothic style. In this period architects and their patrons had various different styles to choose from. There were also revivals of Classical and Renaissance styles. Since medieval Gothic buildings vary so much, some architects often copied selectively from medieval buildings and some adapted the style to the needs of their own period. The "Gothic Revival" style was most commonly used for churches, cathedrals, universities, town halls and sometimes houses. 

Gothic Revival buildings have features that are like real Gothic buildings. They often have: 
 Pointed arches round the doors and windows 
 Arched stoned roofs called "vaults" 
 Towers and sometimes also spires on top of towers 
 Many stone-carvings around the doors and fireplaces
 Stained glass windows

Famous Gothic Revival examples 
 Strawberry Hill at Twickenham, near London, was one of the first houses designed in the Gothic Revival style. 
 The Houses of Parliament, London 
 Sydney University
 São Paulo Cathedral, Brazil
 The campus of Yale University and the University of Chicago

References 

Architectural styles
Lúcio

Lucimar da Silva Ferreira, called Lúcio (born 8 May 1978 in Brasília, Brazil) is a Brazilian football player and the captain of the Brazil national team, for that he has played 8 matches and made 4 goals. His team is Internazionale Milano.

Club career statistics 

|-
|1998||rowspan="3"|Internacional||rowspan="3"|Série A||10||0||||||||||10||0
|-
|1999||19||1||||||||||19||1
|-
|2000||16||3||||||||||16||3

|-
|2000/01||rowspan="4"|Bayer Leverkusen||rowspan="4"|Bundesliga||15||5||0||0||colspan="2"|-||15||5
|-
|2001/02||29||4||0||0||16||3||45||7
|-
|2002/03||21||3||0||0||6||0||27||3
|-
|2003/04||27||3||0||0||colspan="2"|-||27||3
|-
|2004/05||rowspan="5"|Bayern Munich||rowspan="5"|Bundesliga||32||3||6||0||9||0||47||3
|-
|2005/06||30||2||5||0||7||0||42||2
|-
|2006/07||26||0||2||0||8||2||36||2
|-
|2007/08||24||1||6||0||13||2||43||3
|-
|2008/09||32||1||4||1||8||0||44||2

|-
|2009/10||Internazionale Milano||Serie A||||||||||||||||
45||4||||||||||45||4
236||22||23||1||67||7||326||30
0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
281||26||23||1||67||7||371||34
|}

International career statistics 

|-
|2000||1||0
|-
|2001||12||0
|-
|2002||11||0
|-
|2003||9||0
|-
|2004||2||0
|-
|2005||13||2
|-
|2006||10||0
|-
|2007||8||1
|-
|2008||8||0
|-
|2009||14||1
|-
|2010||||
|-
!Total||88||4
|}

References 

1978 births
Living people
Brazilian footballers
People from Brasília
Fluxbuntu

Fluxbuntu was a Linux distribution made for computers that have less powerful hardware. It is based or made from Ubuntu and uses Fluxbox for its Window Manager.

Related pages
 Ubuntu
 LiveDistro

Other websites 
Official website 
Fluxbuntu page on Launchpad

Linux distributions
Live CD
Saint Dominic

Saint Dominic (; 1170 – 6 August 1221) was the founder of a Catholic order, the Friars Preachers, often called the Dominicans or the Order of Preachers (OP). Dominic is the patron saint of astronomers and the Dominican Republic. He was born in Caleruega, half-way between Osma and Aranda in Old Castile, Spain. He is sometimes called Dominic of Osma or Dominic de Guzmán. 

In paintings, his sign is a star or a dog holding a burning torch in its mouth.

Christian saints
1170 births
1221 deaths