cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
America's Next Top Model, Cycle 7

America's Next Top Model, Cycle 7 was the seventh season of the reality television series America's Next Top Model. It started airing on 20 September 2006. It was the first season to be shown on The CW network.

Contestants
(ages stated are at time of contest)

 Amanda and Michelle Babin are identical twins, however they were judged individually.

Episode Summary
1. casting episode

2.
Best: Michelle Babin
Worst: Melrose Bickerstaff & Christian Evans
Eliminated: Christian Evans
3.
Best: Melrose Bickerstaff
Worst: Jaeda Young & Megan Morris
Eliminated: Megan Morris
4.
Best: A.J. Stewart
Worst: Eugena Washington & Monique Calhoun
Eliminated: Monique Calhoun
5.
Best: CariDee English
Worst: Jaeda Young & Megg Morales
Eliminated: Megg Morales
6.
Best: Brooke Miller
Worst: Jaeda Young & A.J. Stewart
Eliminated: A.J. Stewart
7.
Best: Amanda Babin
Worst: Eugena Washington & Brooke Miller
Eliminated: Brooke Miller
8.
Best: CariDee English
Worst: Michelle Babin & Anchal Joseph
Eliminated: Anchal Joseph
9.
Best: Melrose Bickerstaff
Worst: CariDee English & Jaeda Young 
Eliminated: Jaeda Young
10.
Best: Eugena Washington 
Worst: Amanda Babin & Michelle Babin
Eliminated: Michelle Babin
11.
Best: Melrose Bickerstaff
Worst: CariDee English & Amanda Babin
Eliminated: Amanda Babin
12.
Best: CariDee English
Worst: Melrose Bickerstaff & Eugena Washington 
Eliminated: Eugena Washington 

Final Two: CariDee English & Melrose Bickerstaff
Winner: CariDee English

07
Dopamine reuptake inhibitor

A dopamine reuptake inhibitor (DRI) is a drug. Dopamine is a type of brain chemical called a neurotransmitter. Dopamine has many jobs and responsibilities in the brain. Scientists think dopamine controls movement and the human sense of punishment and reward. Dopamine affects dreams, motivation, and sexual gratification, too.

A lack of dopamine is responsible for many diseases and conditions. Sometimes dopamine does not work correctly in the brain. Sometimes the brain does not have enough dopamine. Doctors prescribe dopamine reuptake inhibitors (DRI's or DARI's) to help control symptoms. Psychostimulants and antidepressants are types of DRI's. DRI's help manage symptoms of ADHD, narcolepsy, Parkinson's Disease, obesity, substance abuse withdrawal and some mood disorders. Users can become addicted to DRI's sometimes.

DRI's do not have dopamine inside the pills. They help the body make more dopamine, and they change the way dopamine is re-used in the brain.

Neurology
Drugs
Millettia laurentii

Millettia laurentii is a legume tree that is native to central Africa. The species is listed as endangered in the IUCN Red List, mostly because people are destroying its habitat and over harvesting the tree for timber. The wood that comes from the tree is called wenge. It is a dark-coloured hardwood.

References

Wood
Faboideae
Commodore BASIC

Commodore BASIC is also known as PET BASIC. It is a BASIC programming language. It was used in Commodore International's 8-bit home computers. It started with the PET computer in 1977. The last computer to use Commodore BASIC was Commodore 128 of 1985. The core was based on 6502 Microsoft BASIC. It shares many characteristics with other 6502 BASICs like Applesoft BASIC.

Commodore licensed BASIC from Microsoft on a "pay once with no royalties" basis after Jack Tramiel turned down Bill Gates' offer of a $3 per unit fee stating "I'm already married", and would pay no more than $25,000 for a perpetual license.

References

Programming languages
Commodore International
Gauss (unit)

The gauss (symbol G) is the CGS unit used to measure magnetic fields. One gauss is defined as one maxwell per square centimeter. The tesla (symbol T) is the SI derived unit used to measure the strength of magnetic fields. There are 10,000 (104) gauss in one tesla.

The unit is named in honor of the German mathematician and physicist Carl Friedrich Gauss.

Example values 
 10−9–10−8 gauss – the magnetic field of the human brain
 0.31–0.58 gauss – the Earth's magnetic field at its surface
 25 gauss – the Earth's magnetic field in its core 
 50 gauss – a typical refrigerator magnet
 100 gauss – a small iron magnet
 600-70,000 gauss – a medical magnetic resonance imaging machine 
 1012–1013 gauss – the magnetic field on the surface of a neutron star
 4×1013 gauss – the quantum electrodynamic threshold
 1015 gauss – the magnetic field of some newly created magnetars
 1017 gauss – the upper limit to neutron star magnetism; no known object in the universe can generate a stronger magnetic field

References 

Units of measurement
Magnetism
Loppers

Loppers are a long-handled cutting tool.  It has two handles, one connected to a blade and the other to a blunt surface that holds the object being cut.  Like the word scissors, is always used as a plural (one pair of loppers is shown in this image). 

It is used for cutting thick plants, even saplings (young trees) or branches that are less than an inch (2.5 cm) thick (about as thick as a person's thumb).  It is used in gardening, tree care, and prairie restoration.  It can cut things that are too big for gardening clippers or pruners. If the branch or tree is too big for loppers, then a saw is needed.

Cutting tools
Gardening tools
Tiny Toon Adventures

Tiny Toon Adventures, also known as Steven Spielberg Presents Tiny Toon Adventures, is an American animated comedy sitcom adventure television series. It aired from September 14, 1990 to December 6, 1992. It follows a group of young cartoon characters who attend Acme Looniversity in the town of Acme Acres to become the next generation of Looney Tunes characters. The series premiered airs at 7:30 p.m. ET/PT time on September 24, 1999 on Cartoon Network in the United States. then in developed for 2020 as the new spin-off reboot called, Tiny Toon Looniversity by HBO MAX.

Characters

Main
Buster Bunny: (voiced by Charlie Adler from seasons 1 to 3, and by John Kassir at the end of season 3) A blue male rabbit based on Bugs Bunny.
Babs Bunny: (voiced by Tress MacNeille) A pink female rabbit based on Bugs too.

Recurring
Plucky Duck: (voiced by Joe Alaskey), A green male duck based on Daffy Duck.
Hamton J. Pig: (voiced by Don Messick), A pink male pig based on Porky Pig. 
Fifi La Fume: (voiced by Kath Soucie), A purple-and-white female skunk based on Pepé Le Pew who speaks with a French accent.
Shirley McLoon: (voiced by Gail Matthius), A white female loon based on Shirley MacLaine.
Dizzy Devil: (voiced by Maurice LaMarche), A purple Tazmanian devil based on Taz.
Furrball: (voiced by Frank Welker), A blue cat based on Sylvester the Cat.
Sweetie Bird: (voiced by Candi Milo),  A pink canary bird based on Tweety.

Others
Calamity Coyote: (voiced by Frank Welker), A bluish-gray coyote based on Wile E. Coyote. 
Elmyra Duff: (voiced by Cree Summer) A redheaded girl based on Elmer Fudd who wears a blue blouse, a white skirt, black shoes, and a blue bow with a skull at the center. She is the show's female villain. She cares for animals in selfish ways.
Montana Max: (voiced by Danny Cooksey), A young, brown-haired boy based on Yosemite Sam. He is loud, has a bad temper, and loves money. He is the show's male villain.
Gogo Dodo: (voiced by Frank Welker),  A green male dodo based on Yoyo Dodo. 
Little Beeper: (voiced by Frank Welker) A red and orange feathered roadrunner.

International Broadcast
 : Cartoon Network
 : Spacetoon
 : KiKA
 : Smurfy Animation Studios TV
 : YTV, CBC and Nickelodeon
 : MTV Juniori and Toon Disney
 : TV Tokyo and Toon Disney
 : Nickelodeon and Toon Disney
 : Minimax and Toon Disney
  Latin America: Cartoon Network
 : SBT
 : Canal Panda
 : OUFTivi and Toon Disney
 : TF!
 :
Chutti TV and Cartoon Network (India)

Other websites

''Tiny Toon Adventures at the Internet Movie Database
Tiny Toon Wiki

1990 American television series debuts
Animated television series
Looney Tunes
Cartoon Network series
Spacetoon shows
First run syndicated television programs
1992 American television series endings
English-language television programs
Pruners

Pruners are a cutting tool for pruning plants. A common form is held in one hand; it is also called snippers or secateurs.  It has two handles, one connected to a blade and the other to a blunt surface.  Like the word scissors, pruners is used as a plural.

A pole pruner is like a pair of pruners, but at the end of a pole. It is operated by pulling on a rope.

Pruners are used for cutting plants and small branches, such as roses and grapevines. Stems thicker than a pencil will need to be cut with loppers or a saw instead.

Cutting tools
Gardening tools
Mount Morris

Mount Morris is a mountain in the far north of South Australia. It is about  high, and is the second-highest peak in South Australia after nearby Mount Woodroffe (1,435 m). Both are in the Musgrave Ranges, near the border with the Northern Territory. The rock is mostly made up of granite.

Mount Morris is located about  west of the community of Amaṯa. It was given its name by the explorer William Gosse, who first saw it in July 1873.

References

Mountains of South Australia
Mount Crombie

Mount Crombie () is a mountain in the northwest of South Australia. It is a  outcrop of granitic rock. It is located about  south of Amaṯa. The mountain is part of the traditional country of the Pitjantjatjara people, and there are several examples of rock art in the area.

The last recorded specimen of the lesser stick-nest rat, which used to be found throughout central Australia, was captured here in 1933.

References

Mountains of South Australia
Mount Kintore

Mount Kintore is an inselberg in northwest South Australia. It is about  above sea level. It is located about halfway between the remote communities of Amaṯa and Watarru. The mountain is made up mostly of metamorphic beds of gneisses and quartzite, which are split with diorite dykes. The beds have been thrown into a series of simple folds. These can be clearly seen on the northern face of the mountain. The rock has been weathered into ridges, and heavy erosion can be seen along the folds. At the western end of the mountain, the gneiss is replaced by granite.

Mount Kintore is part of the traditional country of the Pitjantjatjara people. An important rock hole is located about  to the west, called Kunamata.

References

Mountains of South Australia
Prairie restoration

Prairie restoration is a type of habitat conservation, for prairies and habitats that lived alongside prairies.  It is the act of restoring land that was once native prairie to how it once was.  In North America this is usually defined as pre-settlement, meaning before Europeans arrived.  Much of this land is good for farming and has been plowed for planting crops or turned into pastures.  In Illinois, there was once 22 million acres (9 million hectares), now there are less than 2300 acres (920 hectares) of high-quality original prairie remaining.

Invasive plants and trees
Invasive species are a big problem with prairies.  Since fires cannot burn freely, many new species are taking over, and preventing sunlight from reaching shorter plants.  In the United States, European buckthorn is a common problem.  Garlic mustard is another.  Often areas that once held a hundred different species of plants now only has three or four species.

Restoration techniques

Controlled burns
Weeding
Brush cutting
Seed collecting
Sowing

References

ecosystems
Mount Sir Thomas

Mount Sir Thomas is a mountain in northwest South Australia. It in the Watarru Indigenous Protected Area, about  southwest of Watarru. It is in the Birksgate Range, which is part of the traditional country of the Pitjantjatjara people. An important rock hole is located near the base of the mountain, called  (sometimes written ), meaning "Emu Water". It is a major sacred site for the  (Emu Dreaming).

The mountain was given the name "Sir Thomas" by a team of European explorers in 1891. They were on the Elder Scientific Exploring Expedition, which travelled across the Great Victoria Desert between April 1891 and March 1892. The mountain was named after Sir Thomas Elder, the philanthropist who funded and equipped the expedition. The surrounding range is named after Elder's home in Adelaide, a large house called "Birksgate". Mount Lindsay, to the northeast, was named after the leader of the expedition, David Lindsay.

References

Mountains of South Australia
History of salvation

Salvation history, especially in the context of Christian theology, is an approach to understand events as part of the working of God's will to save humans.

These events begin with the Fall of Man at the beginning of history (Book of Genesis) and include the covenants between God and Noah, Abraham, and Moses, the establishment of King David's dynasty etc. 

These and others are seen as necessary preparations for the salvation (Christianity) of all by Christ's crucifixion and resurrection.

Related pages 
 Resurrection
 Judgment
 Eschatology
 Apocalypse
 Salvation (Christianity)
 Soteriology

Christian theology
Thomas Elder

Sir Thomas Elder (August 5, 1817—March 6, 1897) was a Scottish businessman who moved to South Australia and set up the largest wool selling company in the world.

Elder came to South Australia in 1854. He worked with his brother George, and then became a business partners with Edward Stirling, Robert Barr Smith and John Taylor. They spent money setting up the copper mines at Moonta and Wallaroo which made them all very rich. When Stirling and Taylor retired, Elder and Smith became Elder Smith and Company. This company became the biggest wool selling company in the world.

Elder spent money buying large properties for sheep in outback South Australia, Queensland and Western Australia. Some of these included Paratoo, Umberatana, Mount Lyndhurst, Blanchewater and Beltana. He had ridden camels while on holiday in Palestine, and thought they would be good for use in the Australian deserts. He brought 124 camels and Afghan people to breed camels at Beltana. These were used for the building of the Australian Overland Telegraph. Elder provided money and camels for exploration by Peter Egerton Warburton (1872-73), Ernest Giles (1875), John Ross (1874), Lewis (1875), and the Royal Geographical Society of South Australia (1891).

He became a member of the South Australian Parliament Legislative Council in 1863-69 and 1871-78. He became interested in horse racing and set up stables at Morphetville. He built a grand Scottish style house at Mount Lofty, which was where he died in 1897.

He was a very rich man, and gave money to many organizations in South Australia. This included £26,000 for the University of Adelaide, £20,000 for mathematics and general science, £31,000 to the Medical School, and £21,000 to the School of Music. In his will he gave £10,000 to the Presbyterian Church, £4000 for the Church of England cathedral, £4000 for the Methodist Prince Alfred College, £25,000 to set up a Working Men's Home, and £16,000 to the hospital.

References

1818 births
1897 deaths
British explorers
Scottish people
British businesspeople
Australian businesspeople
People from Adelaide
Watarru Indigenous Protected Area

The Watarru Indigenous Protected Area is an area of 1.2 million hectares in the north west corner of South Australia. It is in the Great Victoria Desert. It is the traditional land of the Pitjantjatjara, Ngaanyatjarra and Yankunytjatjara peoples. These people are known as Anangu.

The area was made an Indigenous Protected Area in June 2000. It is managed by the Anangu according to their traditional laws and practices known as Tjukurpa. The environment has not been damaged by cattle grazing or other farming practices. The Anangu are working with scientists to develop ways of dealing with feral animals including cats, foxes and camels.

References

Other websites
Profile  on the Agreements, Treaties and Negotiated Settlements Project

Protected areas of South Australia
Indigenous Protected Areas
2000 establishments in Australia
Indigenous Protected Area

An Indigenous Protected Area, or IPA, is an area of land or sea owned by the Indigenous peoples of Australia. In an IPA the owners have made an agreement with the Australian Government to protect biodiversity and cultural resources.

There are over 50 IPAs covering an area of more than 36 million hectares. It is planned to increase this area by another 8 million hectares by 2018. In July 2012, the southern Tanami Indigenous Protected Area was declared, covering 10 million hectares in the Northern Territory. This is the traditional home of the Warlpairi, and includes the communities of Yuendumu, Willowra and Nyrripi.

Each IPA is managed by its traditional owners. Plants, animals and cultural sites are protected. The owners work with the government to control weeds, feral animals, bushfires, and visitors.

References
Virginia Bruce

Virginia Bruce (September 29, 1910 - February 24, 1982) was an American actress who played in movies and television. She was born in Minneapolis, Minnesota. She died from cancer, aged 71, in California.

American movie actors
Actors from Minnesota
1910 births
1982 deaths
Military radio station of Pierre-sur-Haute

The Military radio station of Pierre-sur-Haute is a  site used for French military communications. It is located in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region. It also hosts a civilian radio relay, which is used by Télédiffusion de France.

In the beginning of 2013, the radio station became famous world-wide after the French intelligence agency Direction centrale du renseignement intérieur (DCRI) reportedly attempted to have the article removed from the French Wikipedia. This request was denied by the Wikimedia Foundation in March 2013. After this denial, the DCRI had forced a contributor to the French Wikipedia to remove it leading to world-wide media coverage. The deleted French Wikipedia article was soon restored, because there were no reasons for deletion according to the Wikipedia standards visible. Meanwhile, the article has been translated into 23 other languages, still counting.

History 
In 1913, a semaphore telegraph was built where the military radio station is now. At the time, it was only a small stone building, with the semaphore on top.

In 1961, NATO asked the French army to extend the site. Since then, it is one of the 82 NATO transmission stations in Europe. This network is known as ACE High system. In this network, the Pierre-sur-Haute station, served as a relay between the Lachens station to the south, and the Mont-Août  station to the north. It used four 10 kW transmitters and sixteen receivers. In 1974, the French Air Force took control of the station. In 1988, NATO began to decommission the ACE High system.

Importance
The site is owned by the French Air Force. It is controlled from a site near Lyon, about  away. It has a heliport, and is accessible by helicopter. There is also a private road, which starts at the Col du Béal. This road cannot be used when there is heavy snow of more than . Another option is using a hiking trail, which can be used by tracked vehicles. Since the site is of strategic importance to the French army, it has been "hardened". This means that it has its own power supply and can withstand an attack.

There are about twenty people on site. The main purpose of the site is to analyse and relay signals.

References

Buildings and structures in France
Military of France
Radio stations in Europe
Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes
Seattle Metropolitans

The Seattle Metropolitans were an American professional ice hockey team in the Pacific Coast Hockey Association (PCHL), based in Seattle, Washington from 1915 to 1924. 

In 1917, The Metropolitans became the first American team to win the Stanley Cup when they defeated the Montreal Canadiens 3 games to 1. They played their home game at the Seattle Ice Arena.

Other websites
Metropolitans on seattlehockey.net
Results on hockeydb.com

Defunct sports teams
Sports in Seattle, Washington
1915 establishments in the United States
20th-century establishments in Washington (state)
1924 disestablishments in the United States
20th-century disestablishments in Washington (state)
Edward Brooke

Edward William Brooke III (October 26, 1919 – January 3, 2015) was an American politician. He was elected to the United States Senate as a Republican from Massachusetts in 1966. He beat his Democratic rival Endicott Peabody by many votes. 

He served for two terms, and lost to Paul Tsongas in the 1978 Senate election. Brooke was the oldest living former Senator since Harry F. Byrd, Jr.'s death on July 30, 2013.

Early life
Brooke was born on October 26, 1919 in Washington, D.C. He was raised in Washington, D.C. and Boston, Massachusetts. Brooke studied at Howard University and the Boston University School of Law. He was a United States Army officer in Italy during Wold War II.

Career
Brooke was the first African-American politician to be popularly elected to the Senate. He was the only person of African heritage sent to the Senate in the 20th century until Democrat Carol Moseley Braun of Illinois in 1993. Brooke was also the first African-American senator since the Reconstruction Era.

Brooke was the last Republican Senator elected from Massachusetts until Scott Brown was elected in 2010. Brooke was also the oldest living former Republican Senator and oldest living former Senator after the death of Harry F. Byrd, Jr. in July 2013. Byrd was Senator around the same time as Brooke.

Personal life 
He married Remigia Ferrari-Scacco in 1947. They had two children. They divorced in 1979. He married Ann Fleming in 1979. Their marriage would last until Brooke's death in 2015. They had one child. He wrote a book about his life, Bridging the Divide: My Life, in 2007. He lived in Coral Gables, Florida.

In September 2002, he was diagnosed with breast cancer. He worked at raising awareness of the disease among men.

Death 
On January 3, 2015, Brooke died at his home in Coral Gables, Florida at the age of 95 from natural causes.

References

Other websites

Edward Brooke's oral history video excerpts at The National Visionary Leadership Project
Edward W. Brooke Charter School A public charter school founded in Senator Brooke's honor, dedicated to building great teachers and closing the achievement gap.

Congressional Gold Medal recipients
1919 births
2015 deaths
African-American military personnel
African American politicians
American military personnel of World War II
Breast cancer survivors
Deaths from natural causes
Politicians from Boston, Massachusetts
Politicians from Washington, D.C.
United States senators from Massachusetts
US Republican Party politicians
Brandon Saad

Brandon Saad (born October 27, 1992, in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania) is an American professional ice hockey left winger. He currently plays for the Columbus Blue Jackets of the National Hockey League (NHL). He has also played for the Chicago Blackhawks.

He was drafted by the Blackhawks with the 43rd overall pick in the 2011 NHL Entry Draft. Saad scored his first career NHL goal on February 5, 2013, against Antti Niemi of the San Jose Sharks. Before going to the NHL, he played 2 seasons with the Saginaw Spirit of the Ontario Hockey League. He won the gold medal with the United States at the 2010 IIHF World U18 Championships. On June 24, 2013, He won the Stanley Cup with the Blackhawks after they defeated the Boston Bruins 4 games to 2 in the 2013 Stanley Cup Finals.

On June 30, 2015, the Blackhawks traded Saad along with Alex Broadhurst and Michael Paliotta, to the Columbus Blue Jackets in exchange for Jeremy Morin, Marko Daňo, Artem Anisimov, Corey Tropp and a fourth-round draft pick in 2016.

References

Other websites

1992 births
American ice hockey players
Chicago Blackhawks players
Columbus Blue Jackets players
Living people
Sportspeople from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Stanley Cup champions
American Hockey League players
United States Hockey League players
Ontario Hockey League players
Heinrich Wilhelm Schott

Heinrich Wilhelm Schott was an Austrian botanist well known for his extensive work on aroids (Family Araceae).

He was born on 7 January 1794 in Brno, a city in Moravia that in those years was part of the Austrian Empire and that now is part of the Czech Republic. As a young boy, he came to live in Vienna, where his father was the chief gardener of the botanical garden of the university.

He studied botany, agriculture and chemistry at the University of Vienna, where he was a student of the botanist Joseph Franz von Jacquin (1766-1839). In 1815 he became gardener at the garden for the Austrian flora at the Belveder palace.

He was a participant in the Austrian Brazil Expedition from 1817 to 1821. While in Brazil from mid-1817 through 1821, Schott established and managed an introduction garden for accustoming living plants to more temperate climates in order to have them brought to Europe at a later date, made field trips, and prepared many notes concerning the plants and animals he saw.

In 1821 Schott returned to Vienna, where he worked as gardener again. In 1828 he was appointed Hofgärtner (Royal Gardener) in Vienna, later serving as director of the Imperial Gardens at Schönbrunn Palace (1845). In 1852 he was in charge of transforming part of palace gardens in the fashion of an English garden. He also enriched the Viennese court gardens with his collections from Brazil.

He was interested in plants that grow in high mountains, above the tree line, He developed a garden with that kind of plants (an alpine garden) at Belvedere in Vienna.

He died at the Schönbrunn Palace, Vienna, on 5 March 1865.

Publications 

 Meletemata botanica (with Stephan Ladislaus Endlicher), 1832
 Rutaceae. Fragmenta botanica, 1834
 Genera filicum, 84 pp. 1834–1836
 Aroideae, 1853-1857
 Analecta botanica (with Theodor Kotschy and Carl Fredrik Nyman), 70 pp. 1854
 Synopsis Aroidearum complectens enumerationem systematicam generum at specierum hujus ordinis, 148 pp. 1856
 Icones Aroidearum, 1857
 Genera Aroidearum Exposita, 1858
 Prodromus Systematis Aroidearum, 1860

Species named for Schott
Other botanists named plants in honour of Schott; some of them are:
 (Acanthaceae) Aphelandra schottiana'''' (Nees) Profice
 (Acanthaceae) Schaueria schottii Nees
 (Agavaceae) Agave schottii Engelm.
 (Apiaceae) Dichoropetalum schottii (Besser ex DC.) Pimenov & Kljuykov
 (Rubiaceae) Uragoga schottiana (Müll.Arg.) Kuntze
 (Trigoniaceae) Trigonia schottiana Turcz.
 (Verbenaceae) Stachytarpheta schottiana'' Schauer

Notes

References

Other websites
 The Botanical Art of Schott's Aroideae Maximilianae by Scott Hyndman
 Deutsche Biographie Schott, Heinrich Wilhelm (biography).

1794 births
1865 deaths
Austrian biologists
Botanists
People from Brno
Kol Yisrael

Kol Yisrael (; lit. "Voice of Israel", also "Israel Radio") is the national radio station in Israel. It is operated under the Israel Broadcasting Authority, which is the country's public broadcasting service. Kol Yisrael is an international radio station that broadcasts in several languages.

Other websites 
Official site 
Frequencies to receive Kol Israel networks

Radio stations
Mass media in Israel
1947 establishments
1940s establishments in Israel
Israel Broadcasting Authority

Israel Broadcasting Authority (IBA; , ) is the public broadcasting authority of Israel. It is in charge of radio and television in Israel.

Other websites 
 Official site 
 IBA World. Israel Radio foreign languages network REKA. Also has link to Reshet Hey Persian broadcast, now that www.intkolisrael.com no longer exists.
 Israel Educational Television 
 Article on IBA English-language IBA programming

Television
Mass media in Israel
Mount Carmel

Mount Carmel is a mountain in northern Israel. The mountain is a north-west branch from the Samaria Mountains to Haifa and the Mediterranean Sea. The city of Haifa is located at the base of the mountain and the connection to the sea. The mountain is 546 metres (2,710 ft) above the sea.

The name in Hebrew is  (), which means "God's vineyard". In Arabic it is ,  or  , "Mount Saint Elias".

Other websites 

Mount Carmel - BiblePlaces.com, pictures and text illuminating the biblical site

Biosphere reserves
Carmel
Parks in Israel
Haifa
Mount Tabor (Israel)

Mount Tabor ( , ) is a mountain in northern Israel, in the Galilee Mountains in the eastern edge of the Jezreel Valley. Mount Tabor is 575 metres (1,886 ft) above sea level.

Other websites

Mountains of Israel
Coobool Creek

Coolbool Creek is an archaeological site site near the Wakool River in New South Wales, Australia. It is about half way between Swan Hill and Deniliquin. The site is near Doherty's Hut at Coobool Crossing, although the exact spot is unknown. 

G. M. Black found 126 skulls at the site in 1950. It has been difficult to give an exact age for the skulls, but one has been dated to 14,300 years ago. Some of the skulls also show artificial cranial deformation. The age, location, and deformities make the site similar to another Pleistocene site at Kow Swamp. Some scientists have said that this shows they were part of the same population, but others have disagreed. Because Coolbool Creek skulls were found on the surface it is difficult to date them, and other scientists have argued that they might be much older.

The skulls were kept at the University of Melbourne until 1984. They were returned to the local Aboriginal communities and reburied.

References

Archaeological sites in Australia
History of Australia
New South Wales
Brontotheriidae

The Brontotheriidae, also called Titanotheriidae, is a family of extinct mammals belonging to the order Perissodactyla. This is the order that includes horses, rhinoceroses, and tapirs. On the outside, Brontotheres looked rather like rhinos, but they were actually more closely related to horses. They lived around 56–34 million years ago, until the end of the Eocene.

Later brontotheres were huge, up to 2.5 m (8.2 ft) in height with bizarre horn-like skull appendages.

Odd-toed ungulates
Brandon Bollig

Brandon Bollig (born January 31, 1987, in Saint Charles, Missouri) is an American ice hockey center. He currently plays for the Calgary Flames of the National Hockey League (NHL). He has also played for the Chicago Blackhawks.

He was not drafted by a team but the Blackhawks signed Bollig to a two-year entry-level contract and put him on their AHL farm team, the Rockford IceHogs. He played 2 seasons with the IceHogs and was called up to the Blackhawks on February 28, 2012. He scored his first NHL goal on April 14, 2012, against Mike Smith of the Phoenix Coyotes in a playoff game. Bollig also portrayed Will Cross, age 12 in the 2002 film Defiance. On June 24, 2013, He won the Stanley Cup with the Blackhawks after they defeated the Boston Bruins 4 games to 2 in the 2013 Stanley Cup Finals.

On June 28, 2014 at the 2014 NHL Entry Draft, the Blackhawks traded Bollig to the Calgary Flames in exchange for the 83rd overall pick in the draft.

References

Other websites

1987 births
American ice hockey players
Calgary Flames players
Chicago Blackhawks players
Living people
Sportspeople from Missouri
Stanley Cup champions
American Hockey League players
United States Hockey League players
Birksgate Range

The Birksgate Range is a scattered group of mountains in the northwest of South Australia. It is on the northeast edges of the Great Victoria Desert. It spreads for about  from Iltur in the southeast to Watarru in the northwest. The northern portion of it is protected in the Watarru Indigenous Protected Area. The range consists of granitic rock protrusions that have been weathered into rounded and rugged hills. They are not visibly connected to each other. Each are separated by flat plains and sand dunes. The mountains are fairly low in elevation; they are highest at the northern end.

Prominent peaks in the range include the following: Mounts Lindsay (819 m) and Wooltarlinna are at the northeastern end of the range, near Watarru. Further southwest are Mounts Holder and Sir Thomas (773 m). From here the range spreads southeast along the edge of the desert and the hills generally become lower and more widely dispersed. Mount Poondinna (678 m) is the highest peak in the central part of the range. Mounts Cheesman and Yaroona (also spelled Yaruna) are further to the southeast. The southern end of the range is at Iltur (Coffin Hill).

The Birksgate Range was named by the explorer David Lindsay, who led the Elder Scientific Exploring Expedition across the Great Victoria Desert between April 1891 and March 1892. He named the range for the man who funded and equipped their expedition, Sir Thomas Elder. "Birksgate" was the name of Elder's house in Adelaide.

References

Mountain ranges of Australia
Mountains of South Australia
NES Zapper

The NES Zapper is a light gun accessory for the Nintendo Entertainment System game console. It was released with the console's launch in North America in 1985. It allows players to aim at the screen and hit targets such as ducks, clay pigeons, and criminals. To hit targets, players have to point the device at the television and pull the trigger. It is used on supported NES games such as Duck Hunt and Wild Gunman. It looks like a futuristic science fiction ray gun with the colors matching the NES console. The Zapper can only be used on CRT displays and will not work on LCDs, plasma displays or other flat panel displays due to display lag.

Nintendo hardware
APK (file format)

APK is the file format that software for Android is distributed in. It is an extension of the ZIP file format. An APK file contains bitcode for Android's Dalvik Virtual machine, resources used by the program (such as images and sounds), and sometimes native executable code, usually for the ARM processor.

APK Packages can be downloaded from various websites available online:
 Apkflux.com - Download Secure Android APKs 
 ApkMirror.com - Fast APKs
 HybridApk.com - MOD APK

Google
Computer file formats
Yuki people

The Yuki are a Native American group of California. Their traditional territory is around Round Valley, in what is now Mendocino County. The Yuki call themselves the Ukomno'm, meaning "Valley People." European Americans learned and adopted the name "Yuki" from the their neighbours, the Nomlaki, who called them "enemy" in the Wintu language. "Yuki" is an exonym, a name by another group.

References

Native American
Ethnic groups in the United States
Mendocino County, California
Johnny Oduya

David Johnny Oduya (born October 1, 1981) is a Swedish professional ice hockey defenceman. He currently plays for the Dallas Stars. He has also played for the New Jersey Devils, Atlanta Thrashers, Winnipeg Jets, and Chicago Blackhawks.

He was drafted by the Washington Capitals with the 221st overall pick in the 2001 NHL Entry Draft. He first played in the NHL for the New Jersey Devils. He played 4 seasons with the Devils before he was traded to the Atlanta Thrashers on February 4, 2010 along with Niclas Bergfors, Patrice Cormier and a 1st round draft pick in the 2010 NHL Entry Draft for Ilya Kovalchuk and Anssi Salmela. He played 3 seasons with the Atlanta Thrashers/Winnipeg Jets and was traded to the Chicago Blackhawks for a 2nd round pick and a 3rd round pick in the 2013 NHL Entry Draft. On June 24, 2013, He won the Stanley Cup with the Blackhawks after they defeated the Boston Bruins 4 games to 2 in the 2013 Stanley Cup Finals.

On July 15, 2015, Oduya signed a two-year contract with the Dallas Stars.

References

Other websites

1992 births
Atlanta Thrashers players
Chicago Blackhawks players
Dallas Stars players
Ice hockey defencemen
Living people
Moncton Wildcats players
New Jersey Devils players
Sportspeople from Stockholm
Stanley Cup champions
Swedish Hockey League players
Swedish ice hockey players
Victoriaville Tigres players
Winnipeg Jets players
Judaean Mountains

The Judaean Mountains, ( "Harei Yehuda";   Jibal al-Khalil), also known as the Judaean Hills and Hebron Hills, is a mountain range in Israel and Palestine. It spreads across the borders of Israel and the West Bank, where Jerusalem and several other ancient cities are located. The mountains reach a height of 1,000 metres above sea level.

Mountains 
Around Jerusalem
 Temple Mount
 Mount of Olives
 Mount Scopus
 Mount Zion
 Har Nof
 Mount Herzl
 Mount of Rest
 Mount Hotzvim

References

Other websites

 Pictures
 Judaean Mountains & Jerusalem
 Symbolism and Landscape: The Etzion Bloc in the Judaean Mountains, Yossi Katz and John C. Lehr

Mountain ranges
Mountains of Israel
Mountains of Palestine
West Bank
Mount of Temptation

The Mount of Temptation is said to be the hill in the Judean Desert where Jesus was tempted by Satan. The exact location is unknown. It is generally identified with Mount Quarantania, a limestone mountain about 366 metres (1,200 feet) high, located about  northwest of the town of Jericho.

References 

Temptation
West Bank
Gospels
Jesus Christ
Black Gives Way to Blue

Black Gives Way to Blue is the fourth studio album by American rock band, Alice in Chains. Black Gives Way to Blue was released on September 25, 2009. The album featured the singles "A Looking in View", "Check My Brain", "Your Decision" and "Lesson Learned". It has sold a million copies around the world.

Black Gives Way to Blue was the first Alice in Chains album to feature new vocalist/guitarist William DuVall, who took over after the death of former lead singer Layne Staley. The album was also the first studio album made by Alice in Chains since their self-titled album was released in 1995. It is the band's first album to be released on Virgin Records.

The album got mainly good reviews. It was voted number 2 in Kerrang!'s top twenty albums of 2009.

Music videos were released for  "A Looking in View", "Check My Brain", "Your Decision", "Acid Bubble" which is available as an interactive video on AliceinChains.com), "Last of My Kind" and "Lesson Learned".

The song "Check My Brain" was nominated for Best Hard Rock Performance at the 2010 Grammy Awards. Their song "A Looking in View" was also nominated for Best Hard Rock Performance at the 2011 Grammy Awards.

Songs

References

Other websites
Black Gives Way to Blue at Allmusic

2009 albums
Alice in Chains albums
Hard rock albums
Heavy metal albums
The Devil Put Dinosaurs Here

The Devil Put Dinosaurs Here is the fifth studio album by American rock band, Alice in Chains. The Devil Put Dinosaurs Here was released on May 28, 2013. The album features the singles "Hollow", "Stone", and "Voices".

Guitarist Jerry Cantrell said about the album, "I don't think you'll be surprised by anything you hear. ... It's us. But it's also really unique. It's got all the elements of any record we've put out, but it's unlike any record we've put out. Basically, it's the next chapter in the Alice in Chains book, and it's going to be a big one."

Songs

References

Other websites
The Devil Put Dinosaurs Here at Allmusic

2013 albums
Alice in Chains albums
Barabbas

Barabbas is a person from the Bible who lived around the time of Jesus (33 AD). He has a bad reputation for being a liar, thief, insurrectionist and zealot. He was released by Pontius Pilate the Roman governor of Judea who presided over Jesus' trial. The most notable thing about Barabbas is that this name was his surname (last name), but his first name was also Jesus. So when Pilate — who was warned by his wife to leave this Holy man alone — offered to set free one of the prisoners, he was offering the crowd in Jerusalem two Jesuses to choose from: Jesus Barabbas or Jesus of Nazareth. Pilate released Barabbas and ordered Jesus, "King of the Jews", to be crucified.

References

New Testament people
Ancient Israeli people
Wolf–Rayet star

Wolf–Rayet stars (WR stars) are evolved, massive stars (over 20 solar masses initially). They are losing mass rapidly by means of a very strong stellar wind, with speeds up to 2000 km/s. While our own Sun loses about 10−14 solar masses every year, Wolf–Rayet stars typically lose 10−5 solar masses a year.

Wolf–Rayet stars are extremely hot, with surface temperatures in the range of 30,000 K to around 200,000 K that make them look blue in color. They are also highly luminous, from tens of thousands to several million times the bolometric luminosity of the Sun, although not exceptionally bright visually since most of their output is in far ultraviolet and even "soft" X-rays.

Clarification of terms 
In astronomy, luminosity is not quite the same thing as brightness. Luminosity measures the <u/l>total amount of energy emitted</u/l> by a star or other astronomical object in SI units of joules per second, which are watts. A watt is one unit of power, and just as a light bulb is measured in watts, so is the Sun, which has a total power output of 3.846×1026 W. This number is the basic metric used in astronomy: it is known as 1 solar luminosity, the symbol for which is . 

Radiant power, however, is not the only way to conceptualize brightness, so other metrics are also used. The most common is apparent magnitude, which is the perceived brightness of an object from an observer on Earth at visible wavelengths. Other metrics are absolute magnitude, which is an object's intrinsic brightness at visible wavelengths, irrespective of distance. The measure of luminosity is  "bolometric magnitude", the total power output across all wavelengths.

References 

Types of stars
Star formation

Star formation means the earliest stages in a star's life. Dense regions of particles exist in molecular clouds known as "stellar nurseries". The clouds collapse under gravitation into spheres of plasma to form stars.

Stellar nurseries

High density regions of the interstellar medium (ISM) form clouds, or nebulae, where star formation takes place.

Dense nebulae 
In the dense nebulae where stars are produced, much of the hydrogen is in the molecular (H2) form, so these nebulae are called molecular clouds. The largest such formations, giant molecular clouds, have densities of 100 particles per cm3, diameters of , and masses up to 6 million solar masses, and an average interior temperature of 10 K. About half the total mass of the galactic ISM is found in molecular clouds. In the Milky Way there are about 6,000 molecular clouds, each with more than 100,000 solar masses. The nearest nebula to the Sun where massive stars are being formed is the Orion nebula,  away. However, lower mass star formation is occurring about 400–450 light years distant in the ρ Ophiuchi cloud complex.

A more compact site of star formation is the opaque clouds of dense gas and dust known as Bok globules; so named after the astronomer Bart Bok. The Bok globules are typically up to a light year across and contain a few solar masses. They can be seen as dark clouds against bright emission nebulae or background stars. Over half the known Bok globules have been found to contain newly forming stars.

Spiral galaxies 
A spiral galaxy like the Milky Way contains stars, the remains of stars (stellar remnants) and a diffuse interstellar medium (ISM) of gas and dust. The interstellar medium consists of 10–4 to 106 particles per cm3 usually of about 70% hydrogen by mass, with most of the remaining gas consisting of helium. This medium is chemically enriched by trace amounts of heavier elements that were ejected from stars as they passed beyond the end of their main sequence lifetime.

Elliptical galaxies 
In contrast to spirals, an elliptical galaxy loses the cold component of its interstellar medium within about a billion years. This hinders the galaxy from forming diffuse nebulae except through  mergers with other galaxies.

W75N(B)-VLA2 
This is a massive protostar about 300 times brighter than our Sun. Astronomers have caught a key stage in the birth of a very heavy star. They used two radio telescope views of the process 18 years apart. The young star is 4,200 light-years from Earth and is surrounded by a doughnut-shaped cloud of dust.

The first observation was in 1996. By 2015 its stellar wind changed from a compact spherical form to a larger, ionized  elliptical shape. This gave information about what happens as a massive star forms. Being able to observe its rapid growth is unique, according to Huib van Langevelde of Leiden University, one of the authors of a study of the object.

References
Indulkana Range

The Indulkana Range is a range of hills in the northwest of South Australia. It is sometimes called the Mount Chandler Range after its highest peak. It is located to the southwest of Indulkana, on the Aṉangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara lands. The mountains of the Indulkana area are part of the traditional country of the Yankunytjatjara and Antakarinya.

The range consists of a series of parallel ridges running east to west. The southern side of the range ends in an escarpment, the most prominent point of which is Chambers Bluff. The rock is made up of quartzite and sandstone rock, resting on slates of kaolinised clay. At the eastern end of the range is Mount Chandler, which overlooks the settlement of Indulkana and the Indulkana Creek. It rises about  from its base. It is made up of quartzite, quartz sandstone and sandstone. Slightly north of the escarpment, and following its path from east to west, is a series of gorges that split the hills. The gorges contain several reliable springs.

References

Other websites
Geological details from Geoscience Australia:
Indulkana Shale
Mount Chandler Sandstone
Chambers Bluff Tillite 

Mountain ranges of Australia
Mountains of South Australia
Hydrazone

A hydrazone is the functional group with structure R1R2C=NNH2. They are like aldehydes or ketones, with an NNH2 group instead of the oxygen atom.

They are made by reacting hydrazines with ketones or aldehydes:

Hydrazones are very useful molecules to do some reactions. For example, a ketone can be reduced down completely if made into a hydrazine and then treated with sodium ethoxide (Wolff–Kishner reduction). Hydrazones are very important intermediates in many reactions, such as the Fischer indole synthesis. This makes indoles, groups which are found in many drugs.

Functional groups
Protest the Hero

Protest the Hero are a Canadian progressive metal band from Whitby, Ontario. 

Protest the Hero was formed in 2001 under the original name, Happy Go Lucky. They changed their name to Protest the Hero the next year and recorded their first EP, Search for the Truth. 

The band released their debut full-length album Kezia on August 30, 2005 in Canada and on April 4, 2006 in the United States. They released their second studio album Fortress on January 29, 2008. Their third studio album Scurrilous was released on March 16, 2011 in Japan and on March 22, 2011 in both Canada and the Unites States. The band announced that they were releasing their fourth studio album in Summer 2013. The band said that the album would be crowdfunded through Indiegogo. The album had a fundraising goal of $125,000 and was reached within 30 hours. The band eventually reached $341,146 in fundraising which nearly tripled their original set goal.

Band members 
Current
Rody Walker - lead vocals (2001–present)
Luke Hoskin - Lead guitar, piano, backing vocals (2001–present)
Tim Millar - Rhythm guitar, piano, backing vocals (2001–present)
Arif Mirabdolbaghi - Bass guitar, backing vocals (2001–present)
Moe Carlson - Drums (2001-present)

Discography

Albums
Kezia (2005)
Fortress (2008)
Scurrilous (2011)
Volition (2013)

References

Other websites 
Official website

2000s music groups
Musical groups established in 2001
2010s music groups
Canadian heavy metal bands
Metalcore bands
Progressive metal bands
Reaction intermediate

A reaction intermediate or simply intermediate is a molecule that is formed during a chemical reaction. It is not the final product, but it is something that is more like the product than the reactants. After every step in a reaction mechanism, an intermediate is formed.

Intermediates usually stay around for a little time because they are very reactive. However, it is important not to confuse an intermediate with a transition state. The latter is at a point of maximum energy. An intermediate instead is at a point of minimum energy, i.e. it is a stable molecule. Intermediates can be isolated from a reaction if needed. 

For example, in the reaction:

A + B → X → C + D

X is the intermediate. In going from A + B to X and from X to C + D, the reaction will go through a transition state.

Chemical kinetics