cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Hooded seal

The hooded seal (Cystophora cristata) is an arctic pinniped.  It is found only in the central and western North Atlantic.  It ranges from Svalbard in the east to the Gulf of St. Lawrence in the west.

The male has a peculiar inflatable bladder on the head.  This bladder hangs between his eyes and down over his upper lip in the deflated state. In addition, he can inflate a large balloon-like sac from one of his nostrils. The bulge develops when the seal is four years old. The male can blow up this bulge, so that it is the size of its head.

The hooded seal can live to about age 30 to 35.

Size
Adult males are  long on average, and weigh . Females are much smaller:  long and weighing . The colour is silvery; the body is scattered with dark, irregular marks. The head is darker than the rest of the body, and without marks.

Offspring

Pups are about  long at birth and weigh about . They are born on the ice from mid-March to early April. They are born with a slate blue-grey coat with a pale cream color on the belly.  They moult after about 14 months. Nursing of the pup lasts for an average of only 4 days.  This is the shortest lactation period of any mammal.  During the 4 days the pup doubles in size, gaining around 7 kg/day. This is possible because the milk that they drink has a fat content of 60%. The female pup will mature between ages 3 and 6.  The male pup will mature between ages 5 and 7.

References

Pinnipeds
Mammals of Great Britain
Barnacle goose

The barnacle goose (Branta leucopsis) belongs to the genus Branta of black geese. This genus has species with largely black plumage, setting them apart from the grey Anser species.

Description 
The barnacle goose is a medium-sized goose,  long. Its wingspan is  and the body mass is . It has a white face and black head, neck, and upper breast. Its belly is white. The wings and its back are silver-gray with black-and-white bars that look like they are shining when the light reflects on it. During flight a V-shaped white rump patch and the silver-gray underwing linings can be seen.

Ecology, behavior and life history 

Barnacle geese often build their nests high on mountain cliffs.  This keeps them away from predators (mostly Arctic foxes and polar bears) but also away from food. Like all geese, the goslings are not fed by the adults.

Instead of bringing food to the newly hatched goslings, the goslings are brought to the ground. Unable to fly, the three day old goslings jump off the cliff and fall. Their small size, feathery down, and very light weight helps to protect most of them from serious injury when they hit the rocks below. Some do die from the fall. Arctic foxes are attracted by the noise made by the parent geese during this time. They eat dead or injured goslings. The foxes also stalk the young as they are led by the parents to wetland feeding areas.

References 

Geese
Goose, Barnacle
Goose, Barnacle
Pink-footed goose

The pink-footed goose (Anser brachyrhynchus) is a goose which breeds in eastern Greenland, Iceland and Svalbard. It is migratory.  It winters in northwest Europe, especially Great Britain, the Netherlands, and western Denmark.

It is a medium-sized goose, 60–75 cm (24–30 in) long.  The wingspan is 135–170  (53–67 in) cm.  It weighs 1.8–3.4 kg (4–7.5 lbs). It has a short bill, bright pink in the middle with a black base and tip, and pink feet. The body is grey-brown, the head and neck a richer, darker brown, the rump white, and the tail grey with a broad white tip.

Ecology
Nesting is often on cliffs close to glaciers.  This gives protection from mammalian predators (mainly Arctic Fox). Three to six eggs are laid in early to mid May in Iceland, late May in Svalbard. Incubation lasts 26–27 days. On hatching, the goslings go with the parents on foot to the nearest lake.  They fledge after about 56 days. Southbound migration is from mid September to early October, and northbound from mid April to early May.

The diet is almost entirely vegetarian. In summer, they feed on a wide range of tundra plants, both on land and in water. In winter, they graze mostly on oilseed rape, sugar beet, potato, and various grasses.  Damage to crops can be large.

References

Geese
Birds of Europe
Birds of Turkey
Common eider

The common eider (Somateria mollissima) is a large sea-duck.  They live on the northern coasts of Europe, North America and eastern Siberia. It breeds in Arctic and some northern temperate regions.  They winter farther south in temperate zones.  There it can form large flocks on coastal waters. It can fly at speeds up to 113 km/h (70 mph).

Description 
The common eider is both the largest of the four eider species and the largest duck found in Europe and in North America.  It measures  in length, weighs  and spans  across the wings. It has a bulky shape and large, wedge-shaped bill. The male is unmistakable, with its black and white plumage and green nape. The female is a brown bird. It can be told apart from all ducks, except other eider species, because of size and head shape. This duck's call is a pleasant "ah-ooo".  The species is often readily approachable.

This species dives for crustaceans and molluscs, with mussels being a favoured food.  The eider will eat mussels by swallowing them whole; the shells are then crushed in their gizzard and excreted.  When eating a crab, the Eider will remove all of its claws and legs, and then eat the body in a similar fashion.

Social behaviour 

Eiders are colonial breeders. They nest on coastal islands in colonies ranging in size of less than 100 to upwards of 10,000-15,000 individuals. Female eiders often return to breed on the same island where they were hatched. This can lead to a high degree of relatedness between individuals nesting on the same island.

References 

Ducks
Birds of Europe
Birds of Turkey
King eider

The king eider (Somateria spectabilis) is a large sea duck.  It breeds along Northern Hemisphere Arctic coasts of northeast Europe, North America and Asia. The birds spend most of the year in coastal marine ecosystems at high latitudes.  They migrate to the Arctic tundra to breed in June and July. They lay four to seven eggs in a scrape on the ground lined with grass and down.

The king eider winters in arctic and subarctic marine areas, most notably in the Bering Sea, the west coast of Greenland, eastern Canada and northern Norway. It also happens yearly off the northeastern United States, Scotland and Kamchatka. Breeding areas include the Arctic coastal tundra of the north coast of Alaska. This species dives for benthic invertebrates, such as crustaceans, polychaete worms, and molluscs, with mussels being a favoured food. Wintering birds can form large flocks on suitable coastal waters, with some flocks bigger than 100,000 birds.

This species is smaller than the common eider. The male is unmistakable with its black body, white breast and multicoloured head. The drake's call is a deep cooing. 

The female is a brown bird.  They can still be told apart from all ducks except other eider species on size and structure. The head is shorter than in the common eider, and the feathering onto the bill is rounded, not triangular in shape.

An immature drake is typically all dark with a white breast and a yellow bill patch.

Traditional Uses

The king eider is a regular source of fresh meat in the spring.  They begin their migration past the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta in late April and are hunted in great numbers. In May, several hundred thousand eiders pass Point Barrow in northern Alaska on their way to Alaskan and Canadian breeding grounds.

References

Ducks
Joyce Randolph

Joyce Randolph (born Joyce Sirola October 21, 1924) is an American actress. She played Trixie Norton on The Honeymooners. Randolph was born on October 21, 1924 in Detroit, Michigan. She was married to Richard Lincoln Charles from 1955 until his death in 1997. They had a son. She is the last living Honeymooners cast member.

References

Other websites

1924 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American radio actors
Actors from Detroit, Michigan
Colonel Sanders

"Colonel" Harland David Sanders (September 9, 1890 – December 16, 1980) was an American entrepreneur. He started the company Kentucky Fried Chicken.

Sanders was born in Henryville, Indiana on September 9, 1890. He studied at Southern University. He was married to Josephine King until they divorced. He later married Claudia Price. Sanders had 3 children. He died on December 16, 1980 in Louisville, Kentucky from leukemia and pneumonia. He was 90 years old.

References

Other websites

Kentucky Fried Chicken

1890 births
1980 deaths
Deaths from leukemia
Deaths from pneumonia
People with foods named after them
Chief executives
Businesspeople from Indiana
Businesspeople from Kentucky
KFC
Ziegler Polar Expedition

The Ziegler polar expedition of 1903–1905 was a failed attempt to reach the North Pole. The party was stranded north of the Arctic Circle for two years before being rescued.  All but one of its members survived. The expedition was paid for by William Ziegler and led by Anthony Fiala.  They left from Tromsø, Norway, on June 14, 1903, aboard America.

Planning 
Ziegler chose Anthony Fiala, who was a photographer on an earlier mission, to lead his second polar trip. Fiala calculated that the food for an eight dog team and driver would be at least 1100 pounds. This was an issue, as the most a sled could hold was 600 pounds. He planned to use ponies to carry the extra supplies.  Then to feed the dogs on horse meat when the supplies were low.

Isolation and rescue 

In November 1903 severe weather started.  The ship broke up, destroying the provisions and coal. 

The following spring, more tries were made to reach the pole by traveling both east and west.  The conditions were too severe, and open water caused difficulties. Supplies ran low, and the expedition headed south.  They reached depots at Cape Flora, Cape Dillion, and Camp Ziegler.

William Peters, who was second in command, took this time to lead the crew in survey work.  This helped to make maps and charts better.

With the knowledge that rescue ships would be sent to them, the expedition stayed hopeful.  A rescue party, led by William S. Champ aboard the Terra Nova, sailed direct to the ice fields. On July 24, they encountered thick ice.  This made the crew doubt they could reach their destination. However the ship reached Palmi Island on July 28 and Cape Dillion the following day. 6 expedition members were found there. More members were found at Cape Flora, and the Terra Nova returned to Cape Dillion. A sled party was organized, which brought back the crew.

References 

Arctic
Tromsø
1900s
Chan's megastick

Chan's megastick (Phobaeticus chani) is a species of stick insect. It is the longest insect in the world. One specimen in the London Natural History Museum  measures . This is with the front legs fully extended. The body is  long.

Named after amateur Malaysian naturalist, Datuk Chan Chew Lun, only six specimens are known, all from the state of Sabah in Borneo. Very little is known about its biology, but it may live in the canopy of the rainforest, making it especially hard to find. However, there is no evidence, and the related Phobaeticus kirbyi is found on low growing vegetation alongside rainforest paths. 

Phobaeticus chani was selected as one of "The Top 10 New Species" described in 2008 by the International Institute for Species Exploration at Arizona State University and an international committee of taxonomists.  The species was also listed as one of the top ten discoveries of the decade in a BBC television documentary (broadcast in either 2010 or 2011).

References

Other websites
Phasmid Study Group: Phobaeticus chani
Image of insect

Phasmids
University of Mainz

The Universität Mainz (; abbreviation: JGU) is a university in Mainz, Germany. It was founded in the year 1477. In 2012, there were more than 36,000 students.

The University of Mainz has ten faculties:
 Theology
 Social sciences, Media and Sport
 Jurisprudence and Economics
 Medicine
 Philosophy
 Linguistics
 History
 Physics, Mathematics and Computer science
 Chemistry, Pharmacy and Earth sciences
 Biology

Other websites 
 Website of the University of Mainz

1477 establishments
Mainz, University
Mainz
1470s establishments in Europe
Tochigi, Tochigi

is a Japanese city in Tochigi Prefecture.

History 
In the Edo period. Tochigi was a significant city.

In the early Meiji period, the city of Tochigi was the Prefectural capital of the old Tochigi Prefecture.  After the old Utsunomiya Prefecture and Tochigi Prefecture merged, Tochigi City was briefly the prefectural capital.  The capital was moved to Utsunomiya soon after.

References

Other websites
 http://www.city.tochigi.tochigi.jp/hp/menu000001000/hpg000000364.htm ; http://www.city.tochigi.tochigi.jp/ 

Cities in Japan
Settlements in Tochigi Prefecture
Photographic memory

A photographic memory, or eidetic memory, is the ability to remember images or objects in great detail after seeing them for only a short time. The existence of this ability is disputed.

The claims made differ somewhat, but stress the recall of visual information. Examples of the information include: pages from books, magazines, and license plate numbers. It is claimed that those with a photographic memory tend to have higher IQs than those without it.<ref name=brit>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/180955/eidetic-image "Eidetic image", Encyclopaedia Britannica]</ref> A person with this ability does not use mnemonics. 

The ability is said to occur in the early childhood of a small number of children (between 2 percent and 10 percent) and generally is not found in adults. 

 Sceptics 
Some do not believe this skill exists. The American cognitive scientist Marvin Minsky, in his book The Society of Mind'' (1988), thought that reports of photographic memory were an “unfounded myth”.

Adriaan de Groot studied the ability of chess grandmasters to memorize the positions of chess pieces on a chess board. At first, people thought they had photographic memory because they could memorize far more information than nonexperts. However, arrangements of pieces that could never occur in a game, their recall was no better than nonexperts. This suggests that they only have an ability to remember certain types of information, rather than photographic memory.

Around 1970, Charles Stromeyer studied his future wife, Elizabeth. He claimed that she could recall poetry written in a foreign language which she did not understand. She could remember the poetry years after she had first seen the poem. She also could, apparently, recall random dot patterns so as to combine two patterns into a stereoscopic image. She is the only person who is known to have passed such a test. The methods used in the testing procedures were not clear. Additionally, the tests have never been repeated (Elizabeth has consistently refused to repeat them). This raised further concerns, and increased skepticism about whether photographic memories were real.

References 

Memory
Experiments
Barnard Courtois

Barnard Courtois (12 February 1777–27 September 1838) was a French chemist born in Dijon, France. He discovered iodine.

1777 births
1838 deaths
French chemists
Kaymak

Kaymak  is  a Turkish dairy product. It is similar to clotted cream.

Traditional Turkish kaymak is made from water buffalo milk, but it can also be made from cow milk.

Kaymak is main part of Turkish breakfast. It can be eaten at breakfast with honey or served with desserts.

Dairy products
Turkish food
Hirado, Nagasaki

is a Japanese city in Nagasaki Prefecture.

History
Hirado has been a port since the Nara period. 

During the Edo period, Hirado was the seat of the Hirado Domain. The city developed around Hirado Castle (Hirado-jō).

The first Frenchman to arrive in Japan was Francis Caron.  He live in Hirado.

Geography
The city is located on the island of the same name; and it has expanded to the  island of Kyūshū. The two parts of the city are connected by the Hirado Bridge which was built in 1977.

References

Other websites

 http://www.city.hirado.nagasaki.jp/english/home.htm ; 
 American Friendship Doll at Hirado Kindergarten 

 

Cities in Kyushu
Settlements in Nagasaki Prefecture
Shambali

Shambali () is a Middle Eastern sweet cake. It is cake made of semolina sweetened with syrup and topped with peanut. Its shape is rectangular.

It is also known in most of the countries which formed the Ottoman Empire. Its name means "Damascus honey" () and shambali can also be called Damascus dessert.

Cakes
Middle Eastern foods
Bitter almond cookie

Bitter almond cookie () is a traditional Turkish cookie.

It is made of bitter almonds, sugar and egg whites and topped with almonds. Its paste contains almond extract. A bitter almond cookie is similar to a macaroon.

Cookies
Turkish food
Sasebo, Nagasaki

is a Japanese city in Nagasaki Prefecture on the island of Kyushu.

It has been recognized as a special city since 2001.

History
In 1866, Sasebo was established as a major port for the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN).

Sasebo became an American Naval base in 1945.

Today it is the center of a military district of the  or JMSDF.

References

Other websites

  
 Sasebo Tourist Information site  in English

Cities in Kyushu
Settlements in Nagasaki Prefecture
Yehoshua Sofer

Yehoshua Sofer () is an Israeli hip hop musician and martial artist. He was born in 1958 as Nigel Wilson in Jamaica. His family moved to Los Angeles in 1963. There, he studied Tang Soo Do and got a black belt by 1968; at that time, he was just ten. He studied Kuk Sool Won from 1974, and worked as a trainer and bodyguard during the 1970s and 1980s.

Other websites 
 Abir Warriors 

1958 births
Living people
Israeli singers
Jamaican people
Jewish Israeli musicians
Naturalized citizens of Israel
Sado, Niigata

is a Japanese city on  in Niigata Prefecture.

History
Uesugi Kagekatsu took control of the island in the late 1580s.

In the Edo period, gold was discovered on the island. The Tokugawa shogunate took direct control of it. It was administered by an official called the Sado-bugyō.  Okubo Nagayasu was appointed to this position by Tokugawa Ieyasu in 1603.

In the Meiji period, the island became part of Niigata Prefecture.

References

Other websites

Sado Tourism Association English language site
Sado City website 
Sado Island at JNTO.go.jp

Cities in Japan
Settlements in Niigata Prefecture
World Heritage Sites in Japan
Joseph Black

Joseph Black (16 April 1728 - 6 December 1799) was a French-Scottish scientist, physicist, and inventor. He is known for his research on carbon dioxide, latent heat, and specific heat. He also invented the analytic scale.

Scottish scientists
1728 births
1799 deaths
People from Glasgow
Whipping boy

A whipping boy was a young boy who grew up with a young prince. If the prince did something wrong, the whipping boy was punished instead of the prince. Because both grew up together, punishing the whipping boy had strong psychological effects on the prince. In England this was very common. For instance, the English king Charles I had many whipping boys for his son.

Monarchy
Metaphors
False memory syndrome

False memory syndrome is a medical condition where the memory of a person does not match what actually happened. People with this condition believe their memories, they are usually not aware that the memories may be incorrect. People with the condition often witnessed a traumatic event: In order to cope, people "invent" new memories. Emil Kraepelin, a German psychiatrist, talked about memory falsification, in 1886.

References

Syndromes
Gavin MacLeod

Gavin MacLeod (born Allan George See, February 28, 1931 – May 29, 2021) was an American movie, stage, and television actor who was known for his role as Captain Merrill Stubing in The Love Boat and as Murray Slaughter in The Mary Tyler Moore Show.

He was born in Mount Kisco, New York on February 28, 1931. He was married to Joan Devore from 1954 until they divorced in 1972, they had four children. He was married to Patti Kending from 1972 until they divorced in 1982 and remarried in 1985.

MacLeod died at his home in Palm Desert, California on May 29, 2021 at the age of 90.

References

Other websites

NNDB Entry

1931 births
2021 deaths
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
American stage actors
American activists
Actors from New York
People from Mount Kisco, New York
Tony Bennett

Tony Bennett (born Anthony Dominick Benedetto, August 3, 1926) is an American singer who is best known for his song I Left My Heart in San Francisco. He was born at St John’s Hospital in Long Island, New York.

He has been married three times and has four children. 

He has many awards including a Grammy Award. Bennett is a Democrat and attended the 2012 Democratic National Convention in support of President Obama's re-election. In 2014, Bennett made an album with Lady Gaga titled Cheek to Cheek.

In February 2021, Bennett said that he was diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease in 2016.

References

Other websites

 Official Tony Bennett music website 
 Official Tony Bennett art website

1926 births
Living people
American painters
Democrats (United States)
Grammy Award winners
People from Queens
Singers from New York City
People with Alzheimer's disease
American pop singers
American jazz singers
Suzy Amis

Susan Elizabeth "Suzy" Amis (born January 5, 1962) is a former American movie, television actress, and model who is known for her role as Lizzy Calvert in Titanic. and for being the wife of Academy Award-winning director James Cameron since 2000; they have three children. She was born in Tulsa, Oklahoma. She retired from acting in 1999.

References

Other websites
 
 
 

1962 births
Living people
Actors from Oklahoma City
Models from Oklahoma
American movie actors
American television actors
Lance LeGault

Lance LeGault (William Lance Legault, May 2, 1935 – September 10, 2012) was an American movie, television, and voice actor. He was known for his many television roles, mostly in The A-Team. He was born in Chicago, Illinois. He was married to Theresa LeGault from 1984 until his death in 2012. They had four children. He died on September 10, 2012 in his home in Los Angeles, California from unknown causes. He was 77 years old.

References

Other websites

1935 births
2012 deaths
American television actors
American movie actors
American voice actors
Actors from Chicago
Robert Flemyng

Robert Flemyng (January 3, 1912 – May 22, 1995) was an English movie, stage, voice, radio and television actor who is known for his role as Professor Bernard Hichcock in The Horrible Dr. Hichcock (1962). 

He was born in Liverpool, Lancashire, England. Flemyng was married and had one child. He died on May 22, 1995 in London, England from pneumonia, he was 83 years old.

References

Other websites

 

1912 births
1995 deaths
Actors from Liverpool
Deaths from pneumonia
English movie actors
English radio actors
English stage actors
English television actors
English voice actors
Infectious disease deaths in England
Ryūkyū Islands

The , also known as the , are a chain of Japanese islands in a line between Kyushu and Taiwan.  The native people of the Ryūkyū Islands are the Ryūkyūan people and its native languages are the endangered Ryukyuan languages.

History 
In the islands, the  dates from the middle 14th century.  It entered into a tributary relationship with Imperial China.

In the early 17th century, the kingdom entered into a tributary relationship with Japan after the Satsuma Domain invaded.

In 1765, the islands were described by Hayashi Shihei in Sangoku Tsūran Zusetsu.

Timeline 
 1314: Kingdoms of Nanzan, Chūzan, and Hokuzan are founded

 1429: Ryūkyū Kingdom is founded

 1609: Ryūkyū Kingdom is invaded by the Satsuma Domain, causing its vassal status to Japan and its loss of the Amami Islands

 1872: creation of the Ryūkyū Domain, 1872-1879

 1879: creation of Okinawa Prefecture

 1945: Battle of Okinawa

 1972: United States gives the Ryūkyū Islands back to Japan

Geography 
The islands are at the eastern edge of the East China Sea and the western edge of the Pacific Ocean.

The Islands are separated into two geographical regions: the Northern Ryūkyū Islands, centered on Amami Island, and the Southern Ryūkyū Islands, centered on Okinawa Island. Sometimes the Southern Ryūkyū Islands are further divided into the Okinawa Islands and the Sakishima Islands.

The largest of the islands is Okinawa Island.

Culture 
Karate was invented by the local people (mainly from Okinawa). The Japanese phrase "Karate-do" means "way of the empty hand").

Related pages 
 Provinces of Japan
 Prefectures of Japan
 List of regions of Japan
 List of islands of Japan
 Ryukyuan languages

References
Jason Segel

Jason Jordan Segel (born January 18, 1980) is an American movie, television, and voice actor who is known for his role as Marshall Eriksen in How I Met Your Mother. He has also appeared in The Muppets (2011). He was born in Los Angeles, California. He was partners with actress Michelle Williams from 2012 through early 2013.

References

Other websites

 

1980 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
Actors from Los Angeles
Gary (rapper)

Kang Hee-gun (; born February 24, 1978) is a South Korean rapper. He is better known by his stage name, Gary (). He is also a former cast member of the variety show Running Man and musician of hip-hop duo Leessang.

Discography
 Leessang Unplugged
 AsuRa BalBalTa
 HEXAGONAL
 Baekahjeolhyun (伯牙絶絃, 백아절현)
 Black Sun
 Library Of Soul
 Leessang Special
 Jae, Gyebal (재,계발)
 Leessang Of Honey Family

Television
 SBS's Running Man (런닝맨),Cast member, 2010-2017

Movies
 2012: Wonderful Radio - cameo appearance
 2008: Dachimawa Lee - cameo appearance

1978 births
Living people
South Korean musicians
Rap musicians
Leessang

Leessang (Hangul: 리쌍; stylized as LeeSsang) is a South Korean Hip-hop duo, composed of Kang Hee-gun ("Garie") and Gil Seong-joon ("Gil").

Members

Garie
Birthname: Kang Hee-gun (Hangul: 강희건)
Date of Birth: 
Height: 
Position: Rapper, Leader

Gil
Birthname: Gil Seong-joon (Hangul: 길성준)
Date of Birth: 
Height: 
Position: Vocalist

Discography

Studio albums

References

Other websites 
 Official Site 

Hip hop bands
South Korean musical groups
2002 establishments in Asia
2000s establishments in South Korea
Desi Arnaz

Desi Arnaz (Desiderio Alberto Arnaz y de Acha III, March 2, 1917 – December 2, 1986) was a Cuban-American movie, stage, television actor, television producer and director, writer, comedian, and musician. He is known for playing Ricky Ricardo in I Love Lucy.

He was born in Santiago de Cuba, Cuba. He was married to Lucille Ball from 1940 until they divorced in 1960. They had a son named Desi Jr, and a daughter named Lucie. Then he was married to Edith Mack Hirsh from 1963 until her death in 1985. Arnaz died from lung cancer in Del Mar, California, on December 2, 1986. He was 69 years old.

References

Other websites

1917 births
1986 deaths
Comedians from Los Angeles
American movie actors
Musicians from Los Angeles
American stage actors
American television actors
American television directors
American television producers
Actors from Los Angeles
Cuban actors
Cuban musicians
Cancer deaths in California
Deaths from lung cancer
Writers from Los Angeles
Pig footed bandicoot

The pig footed bandicoot {Chaeropus ecaudatus) is a small marsupial. The distribution range of species was later reduced to an inland desert region, where it was last recorded in the 1950s. It is now believed to be extinct.

Description 
The pig footed bandicoot has a body which around 23-26 centimetres and a tail 10-15 centimetres. The bandicoot has a pointed ears and large, slender limbs. It had a broad head and a slender snout. Its fur was coarse and straight. Its colour varied from a grizzled grey through fawn orange-brown.

Habitat 
The pig footed bandicoot is known to live in the western Victoria and New South Wales. It inhabited a fairly wide range of types: from grassy woodland and grassland plains to the spinifex country and parched flats of central Australia.

Diet/ food sources
The pig footed bandicoot only eats plants.

Other websites

Marsupials of Australia
George Pal

George Pal (György Pál Marczincsak, February 1, 1908 – May 2, 1980) was a Hungarian-American animator, movie director and producer who helped the movie industry grow during the 1950s and 1960s. An award is named after him.

Pal was born in Cegléd, Kingdom of Hungary, Austro-Hungarian Empire, (now Hungary). He was educated at the Budapest Academy of Arts. He was married to Elizabeth Zsoka from 1930 until his death in 1980, they had two children. Pal died on May 2, 1980 in Los Angeles, California from a heart attack. He was 72 years old.

References

Other websites
 
 NNDB entry
 George Pal

1908 births
1980 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Hungarian people
American animators
American movie producers
American movie directors
Don Cornelius

Donald Cortez "Don" Cornelius (September 27, 1936 – February 1, 2012) was an American television host and television producer. He was known for creating the music franchise series Soul Train.

Cornelius was born in Chicago, Illinois. He was married to Delores Harrison until they divorced. He was later married to Viktoria Chapman from 2001 until they divorced. Cornelius committed suicide on February 1, 2012 in Sherman Oaks, California after shooting himself with a gun.

References

1936 births
2012 deaths
African-American people
American television producers
Television personalities from Chicago
Suicides by firearm
Shel Silverstein

Sheldon Allan "Shel" Silverstein (September 25, 1930 – May 10, 1999) was an American writer, poet, singer-songwriter, musician, composer, cartoonist, screenwriter, and a children's author who is mostly known for his children's book The Giving Tree. He has won two Grammy Awards.

Although he's most known for his children's poetry, he also was good at many other things. In the 1950s, while he was serving in the U.S. armed forces, Silverstein drew cartoons for the Pacific Stars and Stripes, an American military newspaper. He started writing and drawing cartoons for Playboy magazine in 1952.

Shel Silverstein also wrote plays. It was Ursula Nordstrom, a book editor, who suggested that he should write for children.

Career
Silverstein's first book of poetry, Don’t Bump the Glump! and Other Fantasies, was published in 1964. He's most well known for his books A Light in the Attic, The Giving Tree, and Where the Sidewalk Ends. He has been compared to other writers, like A. A. Milne, Edward Lear, and Dr. Seuss. Shel Silverstein won multiple awards for his children's poetry books. Where the Sidewalk Ends won the Michigan Young Readers' Award in 1981, and Silverstein also won the George C. Stone Center for Children's Books Award twice in 1984. Two books of poetry were published after Shel Silverstein's death, Runny Babbit and Every Thing on It.

Songs 
Silverstein also had success writing songs. Some of his poetry was based on songs he had written.

"A Boy Named Sue" is a song written by Silverstein that was first made popular by Johnny Cash in 1969. That same year Silverstein also recorded it as a single on an album on RCA Records. It was produced by Chet Atkins.

Personal life and death 

He was born in Chicago, Illinois and raised in both Chicago and in Florida. He died in Key West, Florida on May 10, 1999 after having a heart attack. He was 68 years old. However, Silverstein's poetry is still enjoyed today.

References

 "Shel Silverstein." Encyclopedia of World Biography. Vol. 19. Detroit: Gale, 1999. Biography in Context. Web. Apr. 1, 2014.
 Carlson, Ann D. "Silverstein, Shel." World Book Advanced. World Book, 2014. Web. Apr. 1, 2014.

Other websites
 
 Famous Poets and Poems
 Music inspired by Shel Silverstein 
 Shel Silverstein Discography

1930 births
1999 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Burials at Westlawn Cemetery
American poets
American singer-songwriters
American composers
Screenwriters from Illinois
Writers from Chicago
Writers from Florida
Musicians from Chicago
Musicians from Florida
Grammy Award winners
American children's writers
Adobe After Effects

Adobe After Effects is a video changing program developed by Adobe Systems. The current version is 18.2.1.

References 

Adobe software
Many-plumed moth

The many-plumed moths are the Alucitidae, a family of moths with unusually modified wings. Both fore- and hind-wings consist of about six rigid spines, from which radiate flexible bristles. They make a structure similar to a bird's feather.

This is a small family, with 9 genera and 130 species. They are found mostly in temperate to subtropical (but not tropical) regions. They are rare even in parts of their core range; both in Great Britain and North America for example, only one species is found – the Twenty-plume Moth (Alucita hexadactyla) – and in America, it is introduced. This smallish moth may be found fluttering in the evening twilight or resting with its "wings" outstretched. Its larvae feed on honeysuckle (Lonicera). 

On the other hand, in Continental Europe there are many species, mostly of the large genus Alucita.

References 

Moths
Hypertext

A hypertext is a text that is organized like a network. Parts of the text reference other text messages or texts which can directly be accessed. The parts that provide the reference are known as hyperlinks. An example of a hypertext is the HTML standard used in the World Wide Web. Wikis also use hypertext.

Internet
Evolutionary arms race

An evolutionary arms race is when two species (or populations) are so linked that a change in one indirectly causes a change in the other. It is a metaphor drawn from the so-called arms race between the West and the Soviet Union, after the second world war. Evolutonary arms races are a kind of coevolution.

Examples 
Predatorprey evolution is the classic example. A new twist by the predator must be answered with a new defence by the prey.
Conifers grew tall, to some extent out of the reach of sauropod dinosaurs. Dinosaurs grew taller and continued eating the conifers.
Gazelles run fast and so do cheetahs; both have been under a continual series of similar changes which increase their running speed.
The rough-skinned newt, the garter snake and toxin resistance is a well-researched case study. Where the two species live together, the newt produces more toxin, and the snake has evolved to resist it; where they live separately the newt toxin is milder, and the snake has little resistance. The snakes pay a price for their resistance: their digestion and body metabolism is slower than related species. "Really resistant snakes have slower crawl speeds than snakes with little or no resistance".
Parasitehost evolution is another classic. As a host species splits into two, so do its parasites. And when the host immune system defends against the parasites, so they adapt and survive.
Sexual selection can be a kind of evolutionary arms race.
Female mating preferences are known to be responsible for the  evolution of male secondary sex characteristics. Selection is between males in species where female choice is the pairing method.
Sexual conflict between breeding partners is quite common. The basic interests of the male and female can be quite different, and each develops adaptations to get the best 'deal' in terms of offspring. Males: their interest is to mate with a large number of completely faithful females, thus spreading their genes widely in the population. Females: Their interest is to mate with a large number of fit males, thus producing a large number of fit and varied offspring.

References 

Coevolution
Metaphors referring to nature
Matt Vogel

Matthew J. "Matt" Vogel II (born October 6, 1970) is an American puppeteer. He has worked with the Muppets, Sesame Street, and Oobi.

In 2017, he started playing Kermit the Frog. He was an understudy for the character Big Bird since 1998. Caroll Spinney, the first person that played Big Bird, retired in 2018. From then on, Matt Vogel played Big Bird full time.

References

Other websites
 
 Matt Vogel at the Muppet Wiki
 Mighty Weaklings Official Site

1970 births
American entertainers
Living people
Will Lee

William "Will" Lee (August 6, 1908 – December 7, 1982) was an American actor and comedian. He was best known for playing Mr. Hooper on Sesame Street. Lee was born in Brooklyn, New York.

Other websites
 
 Muppet Wiki: Will Lee
 
 

1908 births
1982 deaths
Actors from New York City
American movie actors
American stage actors
American television actors
Comedians from New York City
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Singers from New York City
Jason Robards

Jason Nelson Robards, Jr. (July 26, 1922 – December 26, 2000) was an American actor. He has won two Academy Awards, a Tony Award, and a Emmy Award. Robards was born in Chicago, Illinois on July 26, 1922. He married to Eleanor Pittman from 1948 to 1958. He married Rachel Taylor from 1959 to 1961. He married Lauren Bacall from 1961 to 1969. He married Lois O'Connor from 1970 to 2000. He had six children. Robards died of lung cancer on December 26, 2000 in Bridgeport, Connecticut.

References

Other websites 

1922 births
2000 deaths
Academy Award winning actors
Actors from Chicago
American movie actors
American stage actors
American television actors
American voice actors
Cancer deaths in the United States
Deaths from lung cancer
Emmy Award winning actors
Tony Award winning actors
Availability

Availability is a term used in information security to show that a system is running and reachable by those that are supposed to be able to use the system.

Availability is sometimes expressed as a percentage of uptime, such as 99%.  High availability is usually expressed as five nines - 99.999%.  In a 24-hour, 7-day-a-week operation this would be just a little over 5 minutes per year.

Security
Carrot Top

Scott Thompson (born February 25, 1965), better known by his stage name Carrot Top, is an American stand-up comedian and actor. He is known for his bright red hair, prop comedy, and self-deprecating humor.

Other websites
 Official website
 

1965 births
Living people
Actors from Florida
American movie actors
American stand-up comedians
American television actors
Comedians from Florida
Jack LaLanne

Francois Henri "Jack" LaLanne (September 26, 1914 – January 23, 2011) was an American inventor, writer, actor, fitness and exercise instructor and expert who was known for helping people to get fit and healthy.

Early life
LaLanne was born Francois Henri LaLanne in San Francisco, California on September 26, 1914. He was raised in Bakersfield, California.

Career
LaLanne hosted his own show The Jack LaLanne Show and appeared in cameo appearances in some movies. LaLanne was also known for swimming in the San Francisco bay with a small fishing boat tied to a rope in his mouth.

LaLanne has a star in the Hollywood Walk of Fame. He also received many nicknames, such as "The Godfather of Fitness" or "First Fitness Superhero." LaLanne has beat Arnold Schwarzenegger in a fitness contest in his 50s.

Personal life
LaLanne was married to Irma Navarre from 1942 until they divorced in 1948; they had one daughter. Then he married Elaine Doyle from 1959 until his death in 2011, they had two sons and one daughter.

Death
On January 23, 2011, LaLanne died at his home in Morro Bay, California from respiratory failure due to pneumonia. He was 96 years old.

References

Other websites

 Official Jack LaLanne website
 
 

1914 births
2011 deaths
American inventors
American movie actors
American television actors
Actors from San Francisco
Bodybuilders
Businesspeople from San Francisco
Deaths from pneumonia
Deaths from respiratory failure
Writers from San Francisco
Indiana State University

Indiana State University (ISU) is a university in the U.S. state of Indiana. It is in Terre Haute, Indiana.

ISU's sports teams, known as Sycamores, play mostly in the Missouri Valley Conference. The Sycamores football team plays in the separate but related Missouri Valley Football Conference. The school is perhaps best known as the alma mater of basketball player Larry Bird.

References

Colleges and universities in Indiana
1865 establishments in the United States
Missouri Valley Conference
Missouri Valley Football Conference
19th-century establishments in Indiana
Sargent Shriver

Robert Sargent Shriver, Jr. (November 9, 1915 – January 18, 2011) was an American politician who was the first director of the Peace Corps from 1961 until 1966, then he was the first director of the OEO from 1964 until 1968, and was the 21st ambassador to France from 1968 until 1970.

He was also a Vice President nominee with presidential nominee George McGovern in 1972, they lost to Richard Nixon and to Spiro Agnew. He was also an activist.

Early life
Shriver was born in Westminster, Maryland on November 9, 1915 and was educated at Yale University and at Yale Law School. He had served in the army during World War II from 1941 through 1945 and was awarded a Purple Heart for his wounds during the war.

Career

Shriver founded many social programs and organizations, including Head Start, VISTA, Job Corps, Community Action, Upward Bound, Foster Grandparents, Legal Services, the National Clearinghouse for Legal Services (now the Shriver Center), Indian and Migrant Opportunities and Neighborhood Health Services, in addition to directing the Peace Corps. He was active in Special Olympics, founded by his wife Eunice.

Shriver was awarded the Pacem in Terris Peace and Freedom Award in 1967. It was named after a 1963 encyclical letter by Pope John XXIII that calls upon all people of good will to secure peace among all nations. Pacem in terris is Latin for 'Peace on Earth'.

Shriver served as U.S. Ambassador to France from 1968 to 1970, becoming a quasi-celebrity among the French for bringing what Time magazine called "a rare and welcome panache" to the normally sedate world of international diplomacy.

Personal life
In 1953 Shriver married Eunice Kennedy (the sister of John F. Kennedy) and together they had 5 children; Robert Sargent Shriver III, Maria Shriver (the wife of Arnold Schwarzenegger), Timothy Peter Shriver, Mark Kennedy Shriver, and Anthony Paul Kennedy Shriver. Shriver's wife of 56 years Eunice Kennedy Shriver died on August 11, 2009 from a stroke, two weeks later his brother-in-law Ted Kennedy died on August 25, 2009 from brain cancer.

Health and death
In 2003 Shriver was diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease and has began to loose his memory and could not even name his own wife because of the disease. His daughter Maria Shriver wrote a children's book based on the disease.

On January 18, 2011 Sargent Shriver died in Bethesda, Maryland from Alzheimer's disease, he was 95 years old. He is buried next to his wife at the St. Francis Xavier Cemetery.

References

Other websites

"American Idealist: The Story of Sargent Shriver", PBS
Ancestor David Shriver
FBI file on Sargent Shriver
Life With Sargent Shriver  - slideshow by Life
Sargent Shriver
Sargent Shriver National Center on Poverty Law
The Shriver Center 
Video: Sargent Shriver delivering a speech about the Peace Corps in 1965

1915 births
2011 deaths
Deaths from Alzheimer's disease
1976 United States presidential candidates
Politicians from Maryland
Writers from Maryland
American activists
US Democratic Party politicians
Purple Heart recipients
Kendall Jenner

Kendall Nicole Jenner (born November 3, 1995) is an American model, television personality and socialite. She has appeared on the cover for and is brand ambassador of Seventeen magazine. She is the daughter of Caitlyn Jenner and Kris Jenner. She is known for being a member of the Kardashian family and for appearing in Keeping Up with the Kardashians.

Jenner had an income of  in 2015. In 2017 Jenner was named the world's highest-paid model by Forbes.

Early life
Kendall Nicole Jenner was born on November 3, 1995, in Los Angeles, California. She is the daughter of former Olympic decathlete champion Caitlyn Jenner (then known as Bruce Jenner) and television personality and businesswoman Kris Jenner (née Houghton). Jenner's middle name was to honor Kris' best friend Nicole Brown Simpson, who was murdered just before Jenner was born.

Jenner was raised with her sister and the Kardashians in Calabasas. She went to Sierra Canyon School before switching to homeschooling in order to follow her modeling career. She graduated in 2014.

Career
In 2007, Jenner began appearing in the reality television series Keeping Up with the Kardashians. She also appeared many times on reality spin-off shows about the family.

Jenner began modeling at age 13 in 2009.

Jenner and her sister Kylie Jenner previewed The Kendall & Kylie Collection with PacSun on November 15, 2012; the collection launched in February 2013. In 2019,  Jenner made a partnership with the skin-care company Proactiv.

In 2016, Jenner and Cara Delevingne were recreated as wax figures for Madame Tussaud's London Fashion Week Experience event.

Jenner first appeared at No. 16 on Forbes magazine's 2015 list of top-earning models with income of . In 2017, Jenner was named the world's highest-paid model by Forbes. In October 2021, Jenner became the highest-paid model in the world with an income of .

Personal life 
As of April 2021, Jenner is currently in a relationship with NBA player Devin Booker.

Jenner celebrated her birthday party during the coronavirus pandemic with so many attendees in November 2020.

Notes

References

Other websites
 

1995 births
Living people
American socialites
Kardashian family
Models from Los Angeles
Participants in American reality television series
Television personalities from Los Angeles
Businesspeople from Los Angeles
American philanthropists
Eileen Brennan

Verla Eileen Regina Brennan (née Brennen; September 3, 1932 – July 28, 2013) was an american television, movie and theater actress. She received an Oscar nomination for the movie Private Benjamin. She received Emmy nominations for guest starring roles on Newhart and Will and Grace. 

Brennan was born in Los Angeles, California on September 3, 1932. She was married to David John Lampson from 1968 until they divorced in 1974. They had two children. Brennan died on July 28, 2013 in Burbank, California from bladder cancer, aged 80.

References

Other websites

Emmy Award winning actors
Golden Globe Award winning actors
Actors from Los Angeles
American movie actors
American stage actors
American television actors
Deaths from bladder cancer
1932 births
2013 deaths
Derek Jameson

Derek Jameson (November 29, 1929 – September 12, 2012) was a British journalist, DJ, and broadcaster for several British newspapers. He is also known for his works in the Daily Express, the Daily Star, and for the News of the World. He was born in London, England. He was married three times and had four children. He died on September 12, 2012 in London, England from a heart attack, aged 82.

References

Other websites
 

1929 births
2012 deaths
Cardiovascular disease deaths in England
Deaths from myocardial infarction
English journalists
Radio personalities from London
Writers from London
Theodoros Angelopoulos

Theodoros "Theo" Angelopoulos (Greek: Θεόδωρος Αγγελόπουλος; April 27, 1935 – January 24, 2012) was a Greek filmmaker, screenwriter, and movie producer who is known for his movie Eternity and a Day.

Angelopoulos was born in Athens, Greece on April 27, 1935 and studied at the University of Paris. He was married to Phoebe Economopoulou from 1980 until his death in 2012. They had three children. Angelopoulos died on January 24, 2012 in Piraeus, Greece after being hit by a motorcycle in a busy street. He was 76 years old when he died.

References

Other websites

1935 births
2012 deaths
Greek actors
Greek writers
Greek movie directors
Greek movie producers
Road accident deaths
Greek screenwriters
People from Athens