cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Neem Karoli Baba

Shri Neem Karoli Baba or Shri Neeb Karori Baba (नीब
करोरी बाबा) (? - September 11, 1973, in Vrindavan, India), also known to followers as Maharaj-ji, was a Hindu guru and who loved the Hindu deity Hanuman. He is known in the West for having been the guru of a number of Americans who traveled to India in the 1960s and 1970s. These students were returned to the West and told other people about Neem Karoli Baba. The most well known of these students are the spiritual teachers Ram Dass and Bhagavan Das, and the musicians Krishna Das and Jai Uttal.

Sadhu and guru

Not much is known about Neem Karoli Baba's birth and early years. According to one story, he was born Lakshmi Narayan Sharma (in Akbarpur, Firozabad district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. After an arranged marriage at the age of 11, he left his home and traveled a lot in northern India as a holy man (sadhu). During this time he was known by many names including Lakshman Das, Handi Wallah Baba, and Tikonia Walla Baba. When he did spiritual practice at Bavania in Gujarat, he was known as Tallaiya Baba. In Vrindavan, the local people called him Chamatkari Baba which means "Miracle Baba". Many people thought him to be a saint.

Neem Karoli was a master of bhakti yoga, and said that service to others (seva) is the best way to show love for God. In a book of stories put together by Ram Dass called Miracle of Love, a student named Anjani shares the following story:

Notable Disciples
Among the most well known of Maharaj-ji's disciples were Ram Dass, the author of Be Here Now, teacher and performer Bhagavan Das, and the musicians Jai Uttal and Krishna Das. Other notable devotees include humanitarian Larry Brilliant and his wife Girija, as well as Dada Mukerjee (former professor at Allahabad University, Uttar Pradesh, India).

After returning to the United States, Ram Dass and Larry Brilliant founded the Seva Foundation, a worldwide development organization which tries to end world poverty by following the teachings of Neem Karoli Baba. Seva is based in Berkeley, California, and Ram Dass served on the board until his death in 2019.

References

Further reading
Das, Bhagavan (1997). It's Here Now (Are You?) Broadway. 
Dass, Ram (1971). Be Here Now. Three Rivers Press. 
Dass, Ram (1979). Miracle of Love: Stories about Neem Karoli Baba. Hanuman Foundation. 
Mukerjee, Dada (2001). By His Grace: A Devotee's Story. Hanuman Foundation. 
Mukerjee, Dada (2001). The Near and the Dear: Stories of Neem Karoli Baba and His Devotees. Hanuman Foundation. 
Pande, Ravi Prakash (2003). Divine Reality: Shri Baba Neeb Karori Ji Maharaj. Shri Kainchi Hanuman Mandir Ashram.
 Sculpture - The sculpture of Neem Karoli Baba shown above was created by Natalia Rosenfeld, whose work can be seen at www.nataliasculpture.com

Other websites
Website on Neem Karoli Baba
Indian Website on Neem Karoli Baba
Janma Sthal of Maharaj-ji 
Samadhi Sthal of Maharaj-ji 
Temples and Ashrams related to Neem Karoli Baba 
Neem Karoli Baba photos
Seva Foundation
Divine Reality by Ravi Prakash Pande, "Rajida" 

Year of birth missing
1973 deaths
Hindu gurus
People from Uttar Pradesh
Be Here Now

Be Here Now is a 1971 book on spirituality by the spiritual teacher Ram Dass. The title comes from what his guide in India, Bhagavan Das, used to tell him.

Summary of the book
The book has four sections: 
"Journey: The Transformation: Dr. Richard Alpert, PhD. into Baba Ram Dass"
"From Bindu to Ojas: The Core Book" (Bindu is a Sanskrit word meaning "small dot". Ojas means "strength", or "life".)
"Cookbook for a Sacred Life: A Manual for Conscious Being"
"Painted Cakes: Books"

The first section is about his life, his work as a psychologist, his research with Timothy Leary into Psychedelics at Harvard, and his anxiety when this research does not help him with his spiritual questions. He then writes about his first journey to India and his meeting with his Guru, or spiritual teacher, Neem Karoli Baba, and spiritual renaming as Baba Ram Dass, or "servant of god".

The second section, the largest, is a collection of metaphysical, spiritual and religious sayings, with pictures.

The third section is a guide for starting on a yogic or spiritual path, and tells how to practice yoga and meditation. It has a lot of quotes from teachers of many different religions.

The last section, also titled "Painted Cakes Do Not Satisfy Hunger" contains a list of books on religion and spirituality. The book lists are divided into "Books to hang out with", "Books to visit with now & then", and "Books it's useful to have met".

Publishing history
The book has been in print since it was first published, and has sold over one million copies. The work was published as a pamphlet by  the Lama Foundation. In 1977, the Lama Foundation decided that the Hanuman Foundation would get half of the money made by the book, so it could do more work to help people.

Cultural influence
Be Here Now is one of the first guides, for those not born as Hindus, to becoming a yogi. For its influence on the Hippie movement and other movements, it has been described as a "countercultural bible". The book was the first place the phrase "be here now" was used. Other people have said they like the book, including Wayne Dyer. Musician George Harrison used the book's title as the title of one of his songs from his 1973 album Living In The Material World. He wrote about this in his book I Me Mine.

Excerpt
Ram Dass wrote this in the book:

Now, though I am a beginner on the path, I have returned to the West for a time to work out karma or unfulfilled commitment. Part of this commitment is to share what I have learned with those of you who are on a similar journey. One can share a message through telling 'our-story' as I have just done, or through the teaching methods of yoga, or singing, or making love. Each of us finds his unique vehicle for sharing with others his bit of wisdom. For me, this story is but a vehicle for sharing with you the true message... the living faith in what is possible. --OM--

Related pages
Neem Karoli Baba

References 

1971 books
Spiritual books
Yogi (disambiguation)

The word Yogi can mean either:
 an advanced practitioner of Yoga (Yogi) in Eastern religions
 a person who got Yogam, i.e. a blessed or gifted person, a person with knowledge, talent, ability or luck. 
 Yogi Berra, a baseball player, named after a yogi.
 Yogi Bear, a Hanna-Barbera cartoon character.
 Yogi Rock, a rock on the planet Mars, named after Yogi Bear. See .
 Yogi (dog), police dog with the longest successive tracking search on record. 
Yogi (movie), a Telugu language movie starring Prabhas and Nayanthara directed by V.V. Vinayak.
Yogi (producer), an African-American music producer, member of rap group CRU and associate of P. Diddy's [[The 
Hitmen (production team)|Hitmen]] production group.
Yogi

A yogi (Sanskrit, feminine root: yogini) is a term for a male who practices various forms of the path of Yoga, maintaining a steadfast mind, the process of transcending the lower self. These designations are mostly reserved for advanced or daily practitioners. In contemporary English yogin is an alternative rendering for the word yogi.  This word is often used to describe Buddhist monks or any lay person or householder who is devoted to meditation.  

The Shiva-Samhita text defines the yogi as someone who knows that the entire cosmos is situated within his own body, and the Yoga-Shikha-Upanishad distinguishes two kinds of yogins:  those who pierce through the "sun" (surya) by means of the various yogic techniques and those who access the door of the central conduit (sushumna-nadi) and drink the nectar.

Related pages
Yogini

References

Sources 
1-2. Feuerstein, Georg.  The Shambhala Encyclopedia of Yoga, Shambhala Publications, Boston, 2000 p. 321, 350.

Hinduism
1172



Events 
 Duke Richard of Aquitaine becomes Duke of Poitiers. He later becomes King Richard I of England.
 Pope Gregory VIII starts the Council of Avranches.
 The Synod of Cashel ended the Celtic Christian system and converted them to Rome.

Births 
 Baldwin I of Constantinople (d. 1205)
 Fujiwara Moroie, last of the Japanese Fujiwara Regents (d. 1238)
 Takash, the shah of Persia (d. 1200)
 Aubrey de Vere, 2nd Earl of Oxford (d. 1214)
 Louis I, Count of Blois (d. 1205)
 Ranulph de Blondeville, 4th Earl of Chester (d. 1232)
 Isabella of Jerusalem, Queen of Jerusalem 1190/1192–1205 (d. 1205)

Deaths 
 Agnes, daughter of Italian Count Amadeus III of Savoy (b. 1125)
 Hemachandra, Indian mathematician, philosopher and historian (b. 1089)

References
1171



Events 
 Saladin bans the Fatimid Caliphate, bringing back Sunni rule in Egypt.
 Manuel I Comnenus orders all the Venetians in the Byzantine Empire to be arrested.
 Rhys ap Gruffydd agrees to talk to Henry II of England.
 Building of the Cathedral of Saint Sabino in Bari is finished.
 Serbian ruler Stefan Nemanja begins to rule alone.
 Alfonso II of Aragon beats Caspe and Teruel.
 Henry II of England starts eight centuries of conflict and war between Ireland and England.
 Pisa and Florence make an alliance against Lucca and Genoa.
 The Heirs of Robert Burdet leave Catalonia.

Births 
 August 15 — King Alfonso IX of León (d. 1230)
 Agnes of France, daughter of Louis VII of France (d. after 1207)

Deaths 
 January 1 — Diarmait Mac Murchada, King of Leinster (b. 1110)
 February 20 — Conan IV, Duke of Brittany (b. 1138)
 November 8 — Baldwin IV, Count of Hainaut (b. 1108)
 Henry of Blois, bishop of Winchester (b. 1111)
 Gleb of Kiev
85 Io

85 Io is a big, dark Main belt asteroid of the C spectral class. It is probably a primitive body made of carbonates. Like 70 Panopaea it orbits within the Eunomia asteroid family but it is not related to the shattered parent body.

Io is a retrograde rotator, with its pole pointing towards one of ecliptic coordinates (β, λ) = (-45°, 105°) or (-15°, 295°) with a 10° uncertainty[1]. This gives an axial tilt of about 125° or 115°, respectively. Its shape is quite spherical.

It was found by C. H. F. Peters on September 19, 1865 and named after Io, a lover of Zeus in Greek mythology.

A diameter of 178 kilometres was measured from an occultation of a star on December 10, 1995 [4].

Io is also the name of the volcanic moon of Jupiter. With a two-digit number and a two-letter name, 85 Io has the shortest designation of all minor planets.

Other websites 
 shape model deduced from lightcurve

References 
 J. Torppa et al. Shapes and rotational properties of thirty asteroids from photometric data, Icarus, Vol. 164, p. 346 (2003).
 PDS lightcurve data 
 Supplemental IRAS Minor Planet Survey 
 A. Erikson Photometric observations and modelling of the asteroid 85 Io in conjunction with data from an occultation event during the 1995-96 apparition, Planetary and Space Science, Vol. 47, p. 327 (1999).
 G. A. Krasinsky et al. Hidden Mass in the Asteroid Belt, Icarus, Vol. 158, p. 98 (2002).

Asteroids
Coat of arms of Iraqi Kurdistan

The coat of arms of Iraqi Kurdistan is an eagle holding a sun on its wings. The sun is formed of three colours, red, yellow and green, which represent the Kurdish flag.

Kurdistan
Iraqi Kurdistan
Java Embedding Plugin

Java Embedding Plugin (JEP) allows Java on Mac OS X with browsers that are not Safari.

Other websites
 http://javaplugin.sourceforge.net

Web browsers
Arena (web browser)

Arena is a web browser made by the W3C for testing support for HTML 3 and Cascading Style Sheets.

Other websites

web browsers
Flock

Flock is a web browser based on Mozilla Firefox. Flock is also the name of the company making the browser.

Awards
Upon leaving beta, Flock has won a number of awards:

Webby Award in social networking, 2008
SXSW community Award, 2008 
Open Web Award for Applications and Widgets, 2007 

| publisher = PC World | accessdate = 2008-06-17 | archive-date = 2008-06-11 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080611111731/http://www.pcworld.com/article/id,146161-page,12-c,electronics/article.html

References

Other websites
 
 Flock developer portal

Web browsers
Mozilla
HTTrack

HTTrack

Developer(s)	Xavier Roche
Initial release	May 1998
Stable release	
3.49-2 / 20 May 2017; 4 months ago
Repository	github.com/xroche/httrack
Written in	C
Operating system	Microsoft Windows, Mac OS X, GNU, GNU/Linux, FreeBSD and Android
Type	Offline browser and Web crawler
License	GNU General Public License Version 3
Website	www.httrack.com
HTTrack is a free and open source website copier and offline browser by Xavier Roche, licensed under the GNU General Public License. It allows you to download World Wide Web sites from the Internet to a computer.

Other websites 
 Official site
 Demonstration of WinHTTrack in use
 SpiderZilla Add-on for Mozilla FireFox

Web browsers
Free software
K-Meleon

K-Meleon is a web browser for Microsoft Windows. It's build to be small, simple and fast. Small means that if a user's computer does not have much space in his hard drive, the person will still be able to use it.

Other websites
 K-Meleon Homepage.

Web browsers
Mozilla
Gentoo Linux

Gentoo Linux is a version of the Linux operating system. It was created by Daniel Robbins. The project and its products are named after the Gentoo penguin.

Development
Gentoo Linux uses a package management system called Portage. Portage is like the BSD ports collection. Gentoo package management is designed to be modular, portable, easy to maintain, flexible, and optimized for the user's machine. Packages are normally built from source code, continuing the tradition of the ports collection, although for convenience, some large software packages are also available as precompiled binaries for various architectures.

Although originally designed for the x86 architecture, it has been ported to many others and currently runs on the x86, x86-64, IA-64, PA-RISC; PowerPC, PowerPC 970, SPARC64, MIPS, DEC Alpha, System Z/s390, PS3 Cell Processor  and SuperH architectures. Official support for 32-bit Sparc hardware has been dropped.

Package 
Gentoo's official software package repository includes, for example, UNetbootin.

Related pages
List of Linux distributions

References

Other websites 

 The official website of the Gentoo Project
 gentoo-wiki.com  - An unofficial yet heavily used wiki about Gentoo
 

Linux distributions
X86-64 Linux distributions
1151



Events 
 September 7 — Geoffrey of Anjou dies, and is replaced by his son Henry who is 18 years old. 
 The first plague and fire insurance policy is issued in Iceland

Births 
 April 3 — Igor Svyatoslavich, Russian prince (d. 1202)
 Unkei, Japanese sculptor (d. 1223)

Deaths 
 January 13 — Abbot Suger, French statesman and historian (b. c. 1081)
 April 23 — Adeliza of Leuven, queen of Henry I of England (b. 1103)
 September 7 — Geoffrey V, Count of Anjou (b. 1113)
1148



Events 
 Ramon Berenguer IV, Count of Barcelona fought and beat Tortosa for the Moors.
 King Afonso I of Portugal takes Abrantes from the Moors.
 Anna Comnena writes the Alexiad, which is a biography of her father, Emperor Alexius I.

Births 
 John of Brienne, king of Jerusalem and Latin Emperor of Constantinople (d. 1237)
 Qiu Chuji, Chinese Taoist (d. 1227)
 Pope Honorius III (d. 1227)

Deaths 
 April — Amadeus III of Savoy (b. 1095)
 Conan III, Duke of Brittany (b. 1070)
 Gilbert de Clare, 1st Earl of Pembroke (b. 1100)
 William de Warenne, 3rd Earl of Surrey
 Alphonse I of Toulouse (b. 1103)
1146



Events 
 Saint Bernard of Clairvaux prays for the Second Crusade at Vezelay, Burgundy.
 First information about Bryansk found.

Births 
 Giraldus Cambrensis, Welsh clergyman and chronicler (d. around 1223)
 William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke (d. 1219)

Deaths 
 August 1 — Vsevolod II of Kiev
 August 8 — Eric III of Denmark
 September 14 — Zengi, ruler of Syria (murdered) (b. 1087)
1145



Events 
 February 15 — Pietro Bernardo Paganelli of Montemagno, Calci is elected as Pope Eugene III, and succeeds Pope Lucius II as the 167th pope.
 Pope Eugene III issues Quantum praedecessores, calling for the Second Crusade
 Construction begins on Notre-Dame d'Chartres in Chartres, France
 Kim Pusik and his team of historians finishes the making of the Korean historical text Samguk Sagi.
 Woburn Abbey founded.
 Arnold of Brescia joins the revolutionary Commune of Rome, where he becomes its leader for the next 10 years.

Births 
 Maria of Antioch, Byzantine Empress (d. 1182)
 Marie de Champagne, Countess of Champagne (d. 1198)
 Theodora Comnena, Queen of Jerusalem 
 Pope Gregory IX (d. 1241) 
 Al-Adil I, Ayyubid-Egyptian general and ruler (d. 1218)
 Amalric II of Jerusalem (d. 1205)

Deaths 
 February 15 — Pope Lucius II
 Zhang Zeduan, Chinese painter (b. 1085)
Federico Fellini

Federico Fellini (born 20 January 1920 in Rimini, died 31 October 1993 in Rome) was an Italian movie-maker and director. Fellini's movies combine memory, dream, and fantasy.

The first movie Fellini directed was Lo Sceicco Bianco (1951), with Alberto Sordi, written by Michelangelo Antonioni and Ennio Flaiano. In making this movie Fellini met Nino Rota, the musician that would follow him for the successful rest of his career.

Fellini was married to actress Giulietta Masina (1921-1994) from 1943 until his death. In 1945, he had a son who survived for only 2 weeks; it was the only child of Fellini and Giulietta Masina. Masina acted in many of his movies. Other actors Fellini often worked with include Marcello Mastroianni, Alberto Sordi, and Anita Ekberg.

Apart from making movies he also wrote scripts for radio shows, for movies (mainly for Roberto Rossellini) and wrote comic gags for well known actors like Aldo Fabrizi. Fellini also produced several drawings (mostly pencil on paper), often humoristic portraits. His first success was in drawing advertising pictures for movies.

During Fascism an Avanguardista, his first writings were for Alleanza Cinematografica Italiana (ACI), a production company of Vittorio Mussolini, son of Benito, who introduced him to Rossellini.

In 1944, when Fascism was over, he opened a shop in Rome in which he sold these drawings. The shop was named (in English) "The Funny Face Shop", and contained works from Fellini and De Seta, Verdini, Camerini, Scarpelli, Majorana, Guasta, Giobbe, Attalo, Migneco (all writers, directors or otherwise intellectuals working for Italian cinema). In the same year started his contribution to Rossellini's Roma Città Aperta, with Aldo Fabrizi. Fellini took also part in writing another of Rossellini's movies: Paisà. He wrote also for other directors as Alberto Lattuada, Pietro Germi and Luigi Comencini.

In 1987 he won the BAFTA Academy Fellowship Award, a lifetime achievement award. In 1993, he received an Academy Award (Oscar) for his lifetime achievement.

Movies 
 Luci del varietà (1950)
 Lo Sceicco Bianco (1951)
 I Vitelloni (1953)
 La Strada (1954) Oscar (best foreign movie)
 Le Notti di Cabiria (1957) Oscar (best foreign movie)
 La Dolce Vita (1960) Oscar (best costumes)
 8 1/2 (1963) 2 Oscars (best foreign movie, best costumes)
 Giulietta degli Spiriti (1965)
 Satyricon (1969)
 I Clowns (1970)
 Roma (1972)
 Amarcord (1973) Oscar (best foreign movie)
 Casanova (1976)
 Prova d'Orchestra (1979)
 La Citta' delle Donne (1980)
 E la nave va (1983)
 Ginger and Fred (1986)
 Intervista'' (1987)

Other websites
 

Academy Award winning directors
Cardiovascular disease deaths in Italy
Italian movie directors
Italian screenwriters
Rimini
1923 births
1993 deaths
1144



Events 
 Louis VII surrenders to Pope Celestine II and so received a blessing from the pope
 March 12 — Pope Lucius II becomes Pope over Pope Celestine II as the 166th pope.
 December 24 — County of Edessa is beaten by Zengi (see Siege of Edessa).
 Montauban, France, is started.
 Normandy comes under Angevin control through Geoffrey of Anjou.
 Giordano Pierleoni starts the revolutionary Commune of Rome.
 Manuel I Comnenus brings Raymond, Prince of Antioch, under Byzantine influence.
 The Priory in Lesmahagow is started by Benedictine monks.

Births 
 Bohemund III of Antioch (d. 1201)

Deaths 
 March 8 — Pope Celestine II
 September — Geoffrey de Mandeville, 1st Earl of Essex
Wedge (mechanics)

A wedge is a simple machine used mainly to put in between two stones. A wedge as a tool is used to push two things apart such as the blade of a sword and knife  does when it cuts wood. A wedge can also be used to lift an object or hold an object in place. The mechanical advantage of a wedge depends on the ratio of its length to its thickest part.

History 
The origin of the wedge is unknown, because it has been in use as early as the Stone Age. Circa 3000 BC, in Ancient Egypt quarries, bronze wedges were used to break away blocks of rock used for construction. Wood wedges, that swelled after being wet, were also used. Some Native American tribes used antler wedges as a means of splitting and working wood to make canoes, houses, and other wood objects.

Examples for separating and lifting 
Examples include axes, splitting mauls, and splitting wedges. Wedges can also be used to lift heavy objects, or finely adjust the height of objects, essentially separating them from the surface they rest on. These may also be referred to as shims. Knives, scissors, chisels, and even teeth can sometimes be used as wedges, however, they are more fundamentally cutting implements.

Examples for holding fast 
Wedges can also be used to hold objects in place, such as engine parts (poppet valves), bicycle parts (stems and eccentric bottom brackets), and doors.

A door stop (door wedge) is a wedge, and its main function is to generate friction between the bottom of the door and the ground.

A fork or nails can also be considered a type of wedge. While a nail will slice into wood when hammered, a bolt will not be pushed in. This is because a nail is a wedge and a bolt is not. A nail is tapered to a point at its end, then gets thicker farther up towards the head of the nail.

Mechanical advantage 

The mechanical advantage of a wedge is the length of the sloping side of the wedge and divide it by the length of the thick end of the wedge.  Therefore the formula for a wedge is:

 

The more acute the angle of the wedge, the more mechanical advantage it will have.

Despite this, one reason that many splitting wedges have a wide angle is that an elastic material, such as wood, will bind a narrow wedge more readily than a wide wedge. This is why splitting mauls have a much larger angle than an axe.

Related pages 
 Axe
 Inclined plane
 Screw
 Shim
 Splitting maul
 Simple machines

References

Other websites 
 Wedges

Mechanics
Tools
Cabinet of Germany

The Bundesregierung, sometimes called the Bundeskabinett or Federal Cabinet, is the government of the Federal Republic of Germany and it consists of the Chancellor and the Federal Ministers.

The job of the cabinet is listed in the articles 62 to 69 of the constitution. This also has the oath of office that the minister must take.

The Chancellor is responsible for the administrative work of the Federal Government, but the work is delegated to the Head of the Federal Chancellery.

The Chancellor sets the general policy of the Federal Government, and what each ministry should do. The Federal Ministers are responsible for what happens in their own departments, and for making sure that the ministry keeps to the general ideas of the Chancellor. This is known as the departmental principle ().

If two Federal Ministers disagree about what should be done or about who is to do it or how it is to be done, the Federal Government decides with a majority decision. The is called the cooperative principle ().

The Federal Minister Law () says that a retired member of the Federal Government can have a retirement pension, if they have been a minister for at least two years. Time as a junior minister (US "Undersecretary"), who in Germany are called parliamentary permanent secretaries, is counted, and so is previous membership in a Land (state) government.

Parliamentary permanent secretaries and state ministers are not members of the Federal Government, but do help them in their job.

As a rule, the Federal Cabinet meets in the Federal Chancellery every Wednesday at 9:30 a.m.

Third Merkel Cabinet 
Only members of CDU-CSU and SPD are in the Third Merkel Cabinet (2013-2018).

Lawyers in the Federal Government 
This table lists the number and percentage of members of the federal government who were lawyers. In Germany the time between elections is called a "legislative period". In the United Kingdom this would be called a Parliament or in the United States a Congress.

Government of Germany
Brave New World

Brave New World is a dystopia novel by Aldous Huxley. It was first published in 1932. The novel is set in London of "AF 632", which is about 2540 AD, and speaks of developments in reproductive technology, operant conditioning, and sleep-learning that change society.

The general idea is a World Government manipulates people so as to make them easier to govern. They are split into five castes, hatched by the state to fill preset positions in society. The lower castes, which are clones, are treated with chemicals to arrest their mental and physical development. Children are treated by a process which gives them only information appropriate to their caste. They are moulded for their positions in life. Psychological needs are met by compulsory dosing of the drug soma, a hallucinogen which takes the user on an enjoyable trip. In the novel various characters experience life in this planned society and struggle with the problems it causes them.

Related pages
[[Le Monde's 100 Books of the Century|Le Monde'''s 100 Books of the Century]]

References

http://www.huxley.net/

Other websites

1957 video interview with Huxley as he reflects on his life work and especially Brave New World''
 Scholarly essay/article on Brave New World 
Aldous Huxley: Bioethics and Reproductive Issues
A Defense of Paradise-Engineering. A critical review of Huxley's novel by David Pearce.

1932 books
English novels
London in fiction
Manuel José Quintana

Manuel José Quintana y Lorenzo (April 11, 1772 - March 11, 1857), poet, was born at Madrid, Spain.

Writings 
In 1801 Quintana wrote a tragedy, El Duque de Viseo, written about a patriotic theme. which was successful.

Life 
The first book of his Vidas de Españoles célebres, about the lives of Spanish heroes, helped to promote Quintana the post of secretary to the Cortes during the French invasion. But on the return of Ferdinand VII he was put in prison at Pamplona from 1814 to 1820. He was finally given a small post in the civil service, became tutor to Queen Isabella II, and was nominated senator.

Death 
Quintana died at the age of 84. Philanthropy and patriotism helped him write. The thought he put into his poems is not deep, but his faith to Spain attracted people to read them.

References
 Albert Dérozier: "Les étapes de la vie officielle de Manuel Josef Quintana". Bulletin Hispanique 66 (1964): 363-383
 Albert Dérozier: Manuel Josef Quintana et la naissance du libéralisme en Espagne. 2 vols. Paris: Les belles Lettres, 1968-70. Annales littéraires de l'Université de Besançon, 95, 105.
 Albert Dérozier: Manuel José Quintana y el nacimiento del liberalismo en España / Albert Dérozier. Trad.: Manuel Moya. Madrid: Turner, 1978.
 Diego Martínez Torrón: Manuel José Quintana y el espíritu de la España liberal (con textos desconocidos). Sevilla: Ed. Alfar, 1995. .
 E. Mérimée: "Les poésies liriques de Quintana." Bulletin Hispanique 4 (1902): 119-153.
 José A. Valero: "Manuel José Quintana y el sublime moral." Hispanic Review 71 (2003): 585-611

Quintana, Manuel José
Quintana, Manuel José
Quintana, Manuel José
Fortran

Fortran is a programming language first created in the 1950s. It is still in use today. It is a procedural language mainly used for scientific computing and numerical analysis.

History
The first FORTRAN compiler was created in 1954-57 by a team at IBM led by John W. Backus. This compiler was the first compiler for any High level language. The authors were worried that no one would use the language if programs written in it did not run nearly as fast as programs written in assembly language. So they made it an optimizing compiler.

Because of the heavy use by scientists doing numerical work the language grew in ways that encouraged compiler writers to produce compilers that generated high quality (fast) code. There are many high performance compiler vendors. Much work and research in compiler theory and design was caused by the need to generate good code for Fortran programs.

Several revisions of the language have appeared, including the very well known FORTRAN IV (the same as FORTRAN 66), FORTRAN 77 and Fortran 90. The most recent formal standard for the language was published in 1997 and is known as Fortran 95.

Initially, the language relied on precise formatting of the source code and heavy use of statement numbers and 'go to' statements, written as goto in Fortran.

Every version introduced 'modern' programming concepts, such as source code comments and output of text, IF-THEN-ELSE (in FORTRAN 77), recursion (in Fortran 90) and parallel constructs, while trying to maintain Fortran's 'lean' profile and high performance.

Meaning and spelling of the name 

The name "Fortran" is short for "Formula Translation". The language was formerly known as FORTRAN (and older variants of it still are). Since Fortran 90, the capitalization has been abandoned. The published formal standards use "Fortran".

Standards 
The two standards below are for current Fortran implementations. 
 ANSI X3.198-1992 (R1997). Title: Programming Language "Fortran" Extended. Informally known as Fortran 90. This standard was published by ANSI and never became an International Standard (ISO).
 ISO/IEC 1539-1:1997. Title: Information technology - Programming languages - Fortran - Part 1: Base language. Informally known as Fortran 95. There are a further 2 parts to this standard. Part 1 has been formally adopted by ANSI.

Other websites and references

 Brian Meek: The Fortran (not the foresight) saga: the light and the dark, Fortran Forum, Vol 9 No 2, October 1990, pp 23-32. Online at http://www.fortranplus.co.uk/resources/brian_meeks_fortran_saga.pdf . A good overview over the long and intricate Fortran history.
 Lucy Joan Slater, More Fortran programs for economists, Cambridge University Press, 1972.

Programming languages
Computer science
William Butler Yeats

William Butler Yeats (1865–1939) was an Irish poet, dramatist and mystic. He was born in Dublin, Ireland on 13 June 1865. He spent most of his time in Sligo and some time in London.

Yeats' early poetry drew heavily on myth and legend. His later work had more to do with contemporary issues. One of his famous poems is called "Leda and the Swan".

With Lady Gregory and others, he was one of the people who founded the Irish Literary Theatre and the Abbey Theatre.

He was also interested in Hermeticism and Theosophy. He was a member of the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn.

Yeats won the Nobel Prize in literature in 1923. He died in Menton, France.

References 

1865 births
1939 deaths
Irish poets
Royal Society of Literature
Writers from Dublin
Irish Nobel Prize winners
90 Antiope

90 Antiope is an asteroid found on October 1, 1866 by Robert Luther. The 90th asteroid to be found, it is named after Antiope from Greek mythology, though it is disputed as to whether the namesake is Antiope the Amazon or Antiope the mother of Amphion and Zethus.

Antiope orbits in the farther third of the core region of the main belt, and is a member of the Themis family of asteroids. Like most bodies in this region, it is of the dark C spectral type, indicating that it is made of carbonaceous chondrite.

There have been 9 occultations observed since 1988, many of which are multichord occultations.

Double asteroid      

The most remarkable feature of Antiope is that it has two asteroids of almost equal size (the difference in mass is less than 2.5%), making it a truly "double" asteroid. Its binary nature was found on 10 August, 2000 by a group of astronomers using adaptive optics at the Keck Telescope on Mauna Kea. The "secondary" is designated S/2000 (90) 1.

Each asteroid is about 86±1 km across, with their centers separated by only about 170 kilometers. This means that the space separating the two halves is only 60 km, or so. The two bodies orbit around the same center of mass which lies in the space between them. The orbital period is about 16.50 hours, the eccentricity below 0.03 (best estimate 0.01 ± 0.02). Every several years, a period of mutual occultations occurs when the asteroid is viewed from Earth. Using Kepler's third law, the mass and density of the asteroids can be derived from the orbital period and asteroid sizes.

The axis of the mutual orbit of the two asteroids points towards ecliptic coordinates (β, λ) = (200°, 38°) with 2 degrees uncertainty. This is tilted about 63° to the circumsolar orbit of the system.

Other websites 
 Discovery of Companions to Asteroids 762 Pulcova and 90 Antiope SWrI Press Release.
 Data on (90) Antiope from Johnston's archive (maintained by W. R. Johnston)
 online data on the Antiope system maintained by F. Marchis; includes images and simulated occultation movies.
 ESO Press-Release published on May 29, 2007  The Impossible Siblings
 UC-Berkeley Press-Release published on May 29, 2007 Binary asteroid revealed as twin rubble piles
 Antiope, a true binary asteroid , The Planetary Society weblog, E. Lakdawalla, 11 Apr, 2007.

References 

Asteroids
Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn

The Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn (or Golden Dawn for short) was a magical order of secret society for the study of the occult and metaphysics. It was founded in London in 1888 by Dr. William Wynn Westcott and Samuel Liddell MacGregor Mathers. It ceased to exist under that name in 1903. However, two spin-off groups were created at that time, the Stella Matutina and the Alpha et Omega.

While it was popular, many well-known people joined the Golden Dawn. Some of its members included:
 Algernon Blackwood
 Aleister Crowley
 Florence Farr
 Dion Fortune
 Arthur Machen
 Pamela Colman Smith
 Arthur Edward Waite
 William Butler Yeats

Related pages
 Hermeticism

Other websites 
 Golden Dawn FAQ 
 The Golden Dawn Library Project
 Golden Dawn Tradition, by co-founder Dr. W. Wynn Westcott 
 Lots of GD material on display in Yeats exhibition including Ritual Notebooks.
 

1888 establishments in the United Kingdom
1903 disestablishments
Religious organizations
Occult
1900s disestablishments in the United Kingdom
Sweet William

Sweet William a Eurasian pink widely grown for its clusters of small bright-coloured flowers. Biennial to perennial plant belonging to the pink family, native to southern Europe. It is grown for its fragrant red, white, and pink flowers.
Georg Friedrich Händel composed “See the Conquering Hero Comes” in honour of the victorious Duke of Cumberland. The flower sweet William was named after the latter in England.

Web sites

 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Dianthus
sweet William, or bunch pink, or Dianthus barbatus, or sour Billy, or stinking Willie (plant)
Flora of China
Flora of the British Isles

Caryophyllaceae
Mount Cheaha

Cheaha Mountain, often called Mount Cheaha, is the tallest point in the State of Alabama. It is 2,407 feet (734 meters) tall. Mount Cheaha is a quartzite rock mountain. Mount Cheaha is the southeasternmost point of the Appalachian Mountains.

Mount Cheaha is protected in Cheaha State Park. The nearest city to Mount Cheaha is Talladega.

Mountains of the United States
Geography of Alabama
Appalachian Mountains
Pago Pago, American Samoa

Pago Pago is a village in American Samoa. It is the capital of the country but not the seat of government. In 2000, 11,500 people live there

References

Cities in Oceania
United States capital cities
American Samoa
Fagatogo, American Samoa

Fagatogo is the seat of government in American Samoa, but not its capital city, which is Pago Pago.

The population of Fagatogo is about 3,000.

Cities in Oceania
American Samoa
Planform

In design planform or plan view is a vertical orthographic projection of an object on a horizontal plane, like a map.

In aviation, a planform is the shape and layout of an airplane's wing. Of all the myriad planforms used, they can typically be grouped into those used for low-speed flight, found on general aviation aircraft, and those used for 
high-speed flight, found on many military aircraft and airliners.

Gallery

Related pages
Wing

Engineering
Aviation
Charlotte Amalie, U.S. Virgin Islands

Charlotte Amalie is the capital and largest city of the United States Virgin Islands. It has about 20,000 people. The city is on the island of Saint Thomas.

United States capital cities
US Virgin Islands
Olinda Castielle

Olinda Castielle born Olinda Borggren is a Swedish TV personality who was a contestant on the American reality show Joe Millionaire and the first season of the Swedish version of Paradise Hotel.

TV shows 
Paradise Hotel (Swedish Edition)
Paradise Hotel Extra (season 1 as a guest)
Paradise Hotel Extra (season 2 as a host)
Joe Millionaire
The OP Tour
Little Italy

Other websites 
Olinda and Patrick official web site, Oplounge.
Paradise Hotel  - tv4.se
About Olinda on Joe Millionaire  - tvrules.net
Little Italy  - tv4.se

1982 births
Living people
Plan view

A plan view is an orthographic projection of a 3-dimensional object from the position of a horizontal plane through the object. In other words, a plan is a section viewed from the top. In such views, the portion of the object above the plane is omitted to reveal what lies beyond. In the case of a floor plan, the roof and upper part of the walls may be left out. Basically, a plan view is just another name for the top view of a 3D object.

Architecture
Floor plan

A floor plan (floorplan) in architecture and building engineering is a diagram, usually to scale, of the relationships between rooms, spaces and other physical features at one level of a structure.

Similar to a map the orientation of the view is downward from above.

Examples

Related pages

Building
Floor
Plans (drawings)

Architecture
Hagåtña, Guam

Hagåtña is the capital city of Guam. About 1050 people live there. The city has an area of about .

Guam
United States capital cities
Cities in Oceania
Plans (drawings)

Plans are a set of two-dimensional diagrams or drawings used to describe a place or object, or to communicate building or fabrication instructions. Usually plans are drawn or printed on paper, but they can take the form of a digital file.

Views and Projections
Because plans represent three-dimensional objects on a two-dimensional plane, the use of views or Graphical projections is crucial the reading of plans.

There are several projection types:
 Orthographic projection, including:
 Plan view or floor plan view
 Elevation, usually a 'head-on' view of an exterior
 Section, a cutaway view of the interior
 Axonometric projection, including:
 Isometric projection
 Dimetric projection
 Trimetric projection
 Oblique projection, and
 Perspective projection

Related pages
 Floor plan

Engineering
Dededo, Guam

Dededo is the largest city in Guam.  Dededo has a population of about 47,000 people.  Dededo has an area of about 30 miles.

References

Other websites
 Official Site of Dededo

Guam
Cities in Oceania
Cities in the United States
Albertville, Alabama

Albertville is the largest city in Marshall County, Alabama. Albertville has a population of about 19,000 people, an area of about 26 miles, and a height of 1,089 feet. Other cities in Marshall County include Arab.

Cities in Alabama
Besenbüren

Besenbüren is a municipality of the district Muri in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.

Municipalities of Aargau
Bettwil

Bettwil is a municipality of the district Muri in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.

Municipalities of Aargau
Biberstein

Biberstein is a municipality of the district Aarau of the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.

Municipalities of Aargau
Arab, Alabama

Arab is a city in Marshall County, Alabama. Arab has a population of about 7,200 people, an area of about 13 square miles and, a height of 1,089. Other cities in Marshall County include Albertville.

Cities in Alabama
Abbeville, Alabama

Abbeville is a city in the state of Alabama, in the United States. It is the county seat of Henry County. It is part of the Dothan, Alabama Metropolitan Statistical Area. In 2010, 2,688 people lived in Abbeville.

The government of Abbeville is a mayor and a city council. The city council is made up of five people. Each city councilperson is elected from one of five districts in the city.

Location 
The coordinates for Abbeville are:  (31.566367, -85.251300). According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the size of the city is . This includes  of land and 
 of water.

History 
Abbeville was a colonial town. It is the oldest still standing colonial settlement in eastern Alabama. It's older than Henry County and the State of Alabama. The city was named after a Muscogee Indian man named "Abbe." He was a Native American who lived nearby when the city was started. The name means "a grove of dogwood trees."

In 1819, there was a trading post in Abbeville. (A trading post is a small settlement that has been set up for trading. Trading posts are usually located in remote places.) At this time, the area was part of Alabama Territory.

In 1944, there was a famous civil rights event that happened in Abbeville. An African-American woman was gang-raped by six white men. The men told the police that they had raped her. Two grand juries decided not to take them to court. Because of this, the men were never punished. This event was written about in the book At the Dark End of the Street.

By 1950, there were 2,162 people living in Abbeville.

Demographics 
In 2000, there were 2,987 people living in Abbeville. These people lived in 1,172 households and made up 787 families. The population density was about 192 people per square mile (74.1 people/km²). The city was 56.65% white, 39.94% black or African-American, 0.07% Asian, 2.85% other races, and 0.50% from two or more races. 3.52% of the people said they were Hispanic or Latino.

In 2010, Abbeville has 2,688 people living there. It was 53.7% white, 41.4% black or African-American, 0.1% Native American, 1.0% Asian, 1.2% mixed race, and 3.1% Hispanic or Latino.

Sources 

County seats in Alabama
Cities in Alabama
Birmenstorf, Aargau

Birmenstorf is a municipality of the district Baden in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.

References

Other websites
Official homepage of the municipality of Birmenstorf
Homepage of the viticulture cooperative

Municipalities of Aargau
Birr, Switzerland

Birr is a municipality in the Swiss canton of Aargau.

References 

Municipalities of Aargau
Birmensdorf

Birmensdorf is a municipality of the district of Dietikon in the canton of Zürich in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

 Birmensdorf Online Official website 

Municipalities of Zürich
Lake Zürich

Lake Zürich is a lake in Switzerland, that goes southeast of the city Zürich.

References

Other websites 
 Zürichsee Schifffahrtsgesellschaft  -- Boat schedules, mainly non-English.
 Zürichsee-Fähre Horgen-Meilen -- Ferry schedules, in German.
 Waterlevels Lake Zürich  at Zürich

Lakes of Switzerland
Canton of Zürich
Canton of St. Gallen
Canton of Schwyz
Birrhard

Birrhard is a municipality in Brugg in canton of Aargau in Switzerland.

References

Other websites
 Official website of Birrhard

Municipalities of Aargau
Birrwil

Birrwil is a municipality in Kulm in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.

It is on the western shore of Lake Hallwil.

References

Other websites
 Official Website of Birrwil

Municipalities of Aargau
Lake Hallwil

Lake Hallwil (German: Hallwilersee) is a lake in the Canton of Aargau, Switzerland.  Its surface maximum depth is 48 meters.

Other websites 

Waterlevels of Lake Hallwil  at Meisterschwanden

Lakes of Switzerland
Aargau
Unterendingen

Unterendingen is a former municipality of the district of Zurzach in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland. On 1 January 2014 the former municipality of Unterendingen merged into the municipality of Endingen.

Former municipalities of Aargau
Böbikon

Böbikon is a municipality of the district Zurzach in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.  It is 2 km south of the border with Germany.

Other websites
  Official Website of Böbikon

Municipalities of Aargau
Boniswil

Boniswil is a municipality in Lenzburg in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.

References

Other websites 

 Official site of Boniswil 

Municipalities of Aargau
Boswil

Boswil is a municipality in Muri in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.

Municipalities of Aargau
Zuzgen

Zuzgen is a municipality in Rheinfelden in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.

Municipalities of Aargau
Bottenwil

Bottenwil is a municipality of the district Zofingen in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.

Municipalities of Aargau
Böttstein

Böttstein is a municipality of the district Zurzach in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.

Population

References

Other websites
 Official website 

Municipalities of Aargau
Bad Zurzach

Bad Zurzach is a municipality in the district of Zurzach in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland. It is the seat of the district.  Bad Zurzach was known as Zurzach.

References

Other websites 

 Official website 

Municipalities of Aargau
Cities in Switzerland
Bözen

Bözen is a municipality of the district Brugg in canton of Aargau in Switzerland.

Municipalities of Aargau
Zufikon

Zufikon is a municipality of the district of Bremgarten in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.

References 

Municipalities of Aargau
Arbedo-Castione

Arbedo-Castione is a municipality of the district of Bellinzona in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.

References

Other websites 

 Official website 

Municipalities of Ticino
Zofingen

Zofingen is a city in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland. It is the capital of the district of Zofingen.

References

Other websites 

 http://www.zofingen.ch
 http://www.zofingen2008.ch 
 http://www.siegfried.ch

Municipalities of Aargau
Cities in Switzerland
Arogno

Arogno is a municipality of the district of Lugano in the canton of Ticino.

References

Other websites 
 Arogno.ch Official web site 

Municipalities of Ticino
Aarwangen

Aarwangen is a municipality of the administrative district of Oberaargau in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.

References

Other websites 

Official Website of Aarwangen
Bern: Schloss Aarwangen - Le château de Aarwangen (in French but with stunning photos)

Municipalities of Bern
Adelboden

Adelboden is a municipality of the administrative district of Frutigen-Niedersimmental in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

The municipality of Adelboden official website 
Adelboden tourism 
Adelboden tourism  
Vogellisi-Festival  

Municipalities of Bern
Aefligen

Aefligen is a municipality of the administrative district of Emmental in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.

Other websites

 Official website

References 

Municipalities of Bern
Aegerten

Aegerten is a municipality of the administrative district of Biel/Bienne of the canton of Bern in Switzerland.

References

Other websites 

 Official website  
Official statistics for Swiss municipalities 

Municipalities of Bern
Aeschi bei Spiez

Aeschi bei Spiez is a municipality of the administrative district of Frutigen-Niedersimmental in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.

References 

Municipalities of Bern