cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Roger Milla

Roger Milla (born 20 May 1952) is a former Cameroonian football player. He has played for Cameroon national team.

Club career statistics 

|-
|1971||rowspan="4"|Léopards Douala||rowspan="4"|MTN Elite one||29||25
|-
|1972||30||20
|-
|1973||28||19
|-
|1974||30||25
|-
|1975||rowspan="3"|Tonnerre Kalara Yaoundé||rowspan="3"|MTN Elite one||29||23
|-
|1976||28||26
|-
|1977||30||20

|-
|1978/79||Valenciennes-Anzin||Division 1||28||6
|-
|1979/80||Monaco||Division 1||17||2
|-
|1980/81||rowspan="4"|Bastia||rowspan="4"|Division 1||30||9
|-
|1981/82||23||8
|-
|1982/83||29||13
|-
|1983/84||31||5
|-
|1984/85||rowspan="2"|Saint-Étienne||rowspan="2"|Division 2||31||22
|-
|1985/86||28||9
|-
|1986/87||rowspan="3"|Montpellier La Paillade||Division 2||33||18
|-
|1987/88||rowspan="2"|Division 1||33||12
|-
|1988/89||29||7
204||158
312||111
516||269
|}

International career statistics 

|-
!Total||102||28
|}

References 

1952 births
Living people
Cameroonian footballers
Toni Turek

Toni Turek is a former football player. He has played for West Germany national team. In 1954 he became world champion. He is called "Fußballgott" ("football god").

Club career statistics

|-
|1946-47||Eintracht Frankfurt||Oberliga||22||0
|-
|1947-48||rowspan="3"|Ulm||rowspan="2"|Oberliga||37||0
|-
|1948-49||28||0
|-
|1949-50||||0||0
|-
|1950-51||rowspan="5"|Fortuna Düsseldorf||rowspan="5"|Oberliga||28||0
|-
|1951-52||30||0
|-
|1952-53||30||0
|-
|1953-54||30||0
|-
|1954-55||15||0
|-
|1955-56||Borussia Mönchengladbach||Oberliga||4||0
224||0
224||0

International career statistics

|-
|1950||1||0
|-
|1951||4||0
|-
|1952||4||0
|-
|1953||4||0
|-
|1954||4||0
|-
!Total||20||0

References

Further reading 
 Werner Raupp: Toni Turek - "Fußballgott". Eine Biographie. Hildesheim: Arete Verlag 2019.

Other websites 
 Private archive of Werner Raupp, Hohenstein/Schwäb. Alb.

1919 births
1984 deaths
German association football goalkeepers
People from Duisburg
Sportspeople from North Rhine-Westphalia
Arthur, Prince of Wales

Arthur Tudor (19 or 20 September 1486 - 2 April 1502) was the oldest son of Henry VII and Elizabeth of York.

As the oldest son, Arthur was to be King of England after the death of his father. In 1501, he married Catherine of Aragon, a princess from Spain. He died a few months later. His younger brother, Henry, became heir to the throne. After Henry became king in 1509, he married Arthur's widow, Catherine. 

1486 births
1502 deaths
House of Tudor
Farah River

The Farah River (Persian Farāh Rud) is a river in western Afghanistan. The river originates in the Band-e Bayan Range and flows for 560 km to the Helmand swamps on the Afghanistan-Iran border. The town of Farah is located on the river.

Other websites 
 Floods in Afghanistan (November 2006)  at NASA Earth Observatory

Rivers of Afghanistan
Asuwa River

The  is a river in Fukui Prefecture, Japan. It stretches  from Mount Kanmuri in the town of Ikeda to the Hino and the Kuzuryū rivers.

Other websites
 Flower viewing along the Asuwa River 

Rivers of Japan
Sagami River

The  is a river in Kanagawa and Yamanashi Prefectures on the island of Honshū, Japan.  

Rivers of Japan
American Museum of Natural History

The American Museum of Natural History is a museum about science. It is one of the biggest and most-visited museums in the world.

The museum is made of 25 connected buildings in Theodore Roosevelt Park on the Upper West Side, Manhattan, New York, USA. It has 46 exhibition halls, a lot of laboratories, a research library, and more than 34 million specimens and artifacts.

More than 200 scientists work at the museum, researching biology, paleontology, earth science, astrophysics, and anthropology. Its graduate school awards doctorate degrees in biology and masters degrees in education. The museum also provides education programs for children and adults, including for teachers.

Famous people who have worked at the museum include Teddy Roosevelt, Franz Boas, Margaret Mead, and Neil DeGrasse Tyson.

Other websites 
 AMNH American Museum of Natural History main website
 History of the AMNH 
 Library collection is searchable online.

Museums in New York City
1869 establishments in the United States
1860s establishments in New York (state)
Buildings and structures in Manhattan
New York City Designated Landmarks
Natural history museums
Janis Joplin

Janis Lyn Joplin (January 19, 1943 – October 4, 1970) was an American singer, songwriter, and music arranger, from Port Arthur, Texas. She rose to prominence in the late 1960s as the lead singer of Big Brother and the Holding Company, and later as a solo artist.  In 2004, Rolling Stone magazine ranked Joplin #46 on its list of the 100 Greatest Artists of All Time. Her vocal range was mezzo-soprano.

Death
She died in Los Angeles, California of an accidental overdose of heroin at the age of 27.

Discography
Big Brother and the Holding Company

Kozmic Blues Band

Full Tilt Boogie

Big Brother & the Holding Company / Full Tilt Boogie

Later collections

1943 births
1970 deaths
American rock singers
American rock guitarists
Singer-songwriters from Texas
Drug-related accidental deaths in the United States
Mezzo-sopranos
Bisexual people
Ukulele

The ukulele ( from the Hawaiian ʻukulele, pronounced /ˈʔukuˈlɛlɛ/) is a musical instrument with four strings. It is also called the uke for short. Ukuleles are part of the guitar family of instruments. The strings are usually tuned G, C, E, A or A, D, F#, B.  Ukuleles normally have nylon strings or gut strings. 

Ukuleles commonly come in four sizes: soprano, concert, tenor and baritone. Sopranino and bass ukuleles also exist. Sopraninos are tuned to standard tuning, however, baritone ukuleles are tuned to D, G, B, E (the top four strings of a guitar). Bass ukuleles are tuned E, A, D, G (bass guitar and double bass tuning).

The ukulele was invented in the 19th Century AD in Hawaii, where people got the idea from small guitar-like instruments known as cavaquinhos brought to the island by Portuguese sailors. 

Plucked string instruments
Gary Glitter

Gary Glitter, born Paul Francis Gadd, (born 8 May 1944 in Banbury, Oxfordshire) is a British former glam rock singer whose career ended in late 1990s by criminal charges and convictions for child sexual abuse offenses.  Glitter recorded a very popular song called "Rock and Roll, Parts 1 and 2", often known as "The Hey Song", which was frequently played at sporting events.

His mother was a cleaner who was unmarried and she raised him with the help of her mother and he knew his father and he was hard to control because of his antisocial behaviour along with his brother and he was taken with his brother into local authority care when he was 10 years old. Although a Protestant he went to a Roman Catholic school. He got in trouble at school as a child, he also often ran away and went to London to clubs where his glam rock career started and he started calling himself Paul Raven in 1960 when his glam rock career started and then Gary Glitter in 1971 which he is known as. He has become infamous after being convicted of possessing child pornography and of child sexual abuse. Glitter has also been investigated for claims of child abuse dating back to the 1950s, connecting to the activities of the deceased child abuser Jimmy Savile. He was briefly married to Anne Merton with who he had 2 children, a son called Paul and a daughter called Sarah but Glitter and Merton divorced. Later when he lived in Cuba he had a Cuban girlfriend called Yudenia Sosa Martinez with who he had another son in 2001 called Gary Glitter Jr. In the 1970s Giltter was also convicted of driving under the influence and had used drugs such as cocaine and had a drug overdose.

Glitter who became a vegetarian and embraced Buddhism lived in Cambodia until 2002 when he was extradited to Vietnam where he was sentenced to three years jail in early 2006 for child sex offences he committed in Vietnam but on appeal twice with his Vietnamese lawyer he was released in November 2008. He has since returned to the United Kingdom where the British Government has decided that he can't travel overseas and several countries around the world have banned him and he gave in his passport to the government officials as required. Gary Glitter was placed on the UK Sex Offender Registry for life as a registered sex offender showing his real name Paul Francis Gadd and his other name of Gary Glitter. He was also arrested in 2012 by police investigating complaints against Jimmy Savile and questioned and has been monitored by Police in an investigation code named Operation Yewtree and is one of the most hated people. Others arrested include Dave Lee Travis, Stuart Hall, Wilfred De'ath, Ted Beston, Jimmy Tarbuck, Jim Davidson, Freddie Starr, Max Clifford, Paul Gambaccini and Rolf Harris. In June 2014, Glitter was charged with eight child sex offences dating back to the 1970s. Glitter was sentenced to 16 years in prison in February 2015.

References

Other websites 

1944 births
Living people
British prisoners
British sex offenders
Buddhists
Child sexual abusers
English criminals
English rock musicians
English singers
Musicians from Oxfordshire
Operation Yewtree
Vegetarians
Rick Astley

Richard Paul Astley (born 6 February 1966) is a British singer, songwriter and musician. He was born in Great Sankey, Warrington, Lancashire, England and grew up in Newton-le-Willows, Merseyside. Astley has also lived in Richmond, London with his Danish wife, Lene Bausager, and their daughter, Emilie.

Career
In 1985, Astley was a drummer with a soul band named FBI when Pete Waterman noticed him and persuaded him to come to London to work at the PWL recording studio.

His first single was the little-known "When You Gonna," released as a collaboration with Lisa Carter. His first solo offering was "Never Gonna Give You Up," released in 1987 which spent five weeks at the top of the British charts and becoming the year's highest-selling single. On 12 March 1988, "Never Gonna Give You Up" also topped the U.S. singles chart and was followed by a second U.S. #1 on 18 June with his second U.S. single release, "Together Forever." In 1989 he was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best New Artist of the Year.  He lost to Tracy Chapman.

Much later, thanks to the rick rolling phenomenon and the persistent voting of the website 4chan, he was also nominated for the Best Act Ever Award 2008 at the Liverpool Music Awards.

Rickroll internet phenomenon

In 2007 Rick Astley became the subject of a viral Internet meme in which an estimated 25 million Internet users were tricked into watching Rick Astley's video "Never Gonna Give You Up" by posting it under the name of other popular video titles. The practice is now known as Rickrolling. The phenomenon became so popular that on April 1, 2008, YouTube pranked its users by making every single featured video on the front page a Rickroll.

Discography

Canada Top data: for singles and albums from The Record magazine. US Top data: for singles from The Billboard Hot 100, for albums from The Billboard 200; UK Top data for singles and albums is from UK Singles Chart.

References

Other websites

Official Rick Astley website
Official Rick Astley MySpace
Official Rick Astley YouTube channel

1966 births
Living people
English pop musicians
English singers
Musicians from Merseyside
Swallows and Amazons (series)

Swallows and Amazons is a series of children's books by the English writer Arthur Ransome. The series is named after the title of the first book in the series. The 12 books are about the adventures by groups of children during school holidays. Events mostly take place in England and Scotland between the World War I and World War II. The stories usually are about outdoor activities, especially camping, fishing and sailing.

Overview 
The series remains popular today for its lovely, yet often realistic, depiction of childhood and the interplay between children's imagination and reality. It is part of the basis for a large tourist industry in the Lake District and Norfolk Broads areas of England, where many of the books are set. There are also several groups dedicated to the study and promotion of Ransome's work which are largely inspired by the series. The first was the Arthur Ransome Club in Japan. There is also the British-based group, The Arthur Ransome Society (TARS), which has an international membership.

The series begins with Swallows and Amazons, published in 1930. It tells the story of the Walker children, who sail a dinghy (boat) named Swallow, and the Blackett children, who sail a dinghy named Amazon. The Walkers are staying at a farm near a lake during the school holidays; the Blacketts live in a house on the opposite shore. The children meet on an island on the lake, and have a series of adventures that weave imaginative tales of pirates and exploration into everyday life in inter-War, rural England.

Series of books
Children's books
Rick Astley discography

This article presents the discography of the pop singer Rick Astley.

Albums

Studio albums

Compilation albums

Singles

Other songs

 "A Dream for Us"
 "Be With You"
 "Behind The Smile"
 "Body & Soul"
 "Breathe"
 "Dial My Number"
 "Don't Ask"
 "Don't Say Goodbye"
 "Enough Love"
 "Everytime"
 "Full of You"
 "I Don't Wanna Lose Her"
 "I Don't Want to Be Your Lover"
 "I'll Be Fine"
 "I'll Never Let You Down"
 "I'll Never Set You Free"
 "In The Name of Love"
 "Is This Really Love"
 "Just Good Friends"
 "Keep It Turned on"
 "Learning to Live"
 "Let's Go out Tonight"
 "Modern Girl"
 "Miracle"

 "Natures Gift"
 "Never Knew Love"
 "No More Looking for Love"
 "One Night Stand"
 "Really Got a Problem"
 "Remember The Days"
 "Romeo Loves Juliet"
 "Slipping Away"
 "So Glad"
 "Some Kinda Love"
 "Stop Breaking Your Heart"
 "The Bottom Line"
 "The Love Has Gone"
 "The Once You Love"
 "This Must Be Heaven"
 "Till Then (Time Stands Still)"
 "Vincent"
 "Waiting For the Bell to Ring"
 "Wanna Believe You"
 "What You See Is What You Don't Get"
 "When You Gonna" (with Lisa Carter)
 "When You Love Someone"
 "Wonderful You"
 "You Move Me"

References

Discography
Astley, Rick
Arthur Ransome

Arthur Michell Ransome (born 18 January 1884 in Leeds - died 3 June 1967) was an English writer and journalist. He is best known for writing the Swallows and Amazons series of children's books. 

Ransome was born in Leeds. His father was Professor of History there. His father's death in 1897 affected Ransome for a long time. He always tried to get past his belief that his father had did not think his abilities were very good.

Ransome got his formal education first in Windermere. He then studied at the Rugby School (where he lived in Lewis Carroll's study room). He did not fully like his time there because of his poor vision, lack of skills at sports, and limited achievement. He attended Yorkshire College, his father's college studying chemistry. After a year there, he stopped going to the college. He went to London to become a writer. He took low-paying jobs as an office assistant in a publishing company. He also worked as editor of a magazine, Temple Bar Magazine, that was not making much money. During this time, he was writing and became a member of the literary scene of London.

Swallows and Amazons
Ransom's most well known book series, Swallows and Amazons, tells the stories of school-holiday adventures of children. The stories are mostly set in the Lake District and the Norfolk Broads. Many of the books involve sailing. Other common things are fishing and camping. The books are so popular that they give a basis of a tourist industry around Windermere and Coniston Water — the two lakes that Ransome used as the basis for his fictional North Country lake.

1884 births
1967 deaths
English writers
British journalists
Never Gonna Give You Up

"Never Gonna Give You Up" is a dance-pop song originally made by Rick Astley. It was released as a single from Astley's multi-million selling debut album, Whenever You Need Somebody, which was written and produced by Stock Aitken Waterman. The song was a worldwide number-one hit, initially in the singer's native United Kingdom in 1987, where it stayed at number one for five weeks and was the best-selling single of that year.

The music video for the song has become the basis for the "Rickrolling" internet meme.

Track listings 

 7" single
 "Never Gonna Give You Up" — 3:32
 "Never Gonna Give You Up" (instrumental) — 3:30

 12" maxi
 "Never Gonna Give You Up" (cake mix) — 5:46
 "Never Gonna Give You Up" (instrumental) — 6:19
 "Never Gonna Give You Up" — 3:31
 "Never Gonna Give You Up" (escape to New York mix) — 7:01
 "Never Gonna Give You Up" (escape from Newton mix) — 6:23

 12" maxi
 "Never Gonna Give You Up" (cake mix) — 5:48
 "Never Gonna Give You Up" (instrumental) — 3:30
 "Never Gonna Give You Up" — 3:32

 12" single
 "Never Gonna Give You Up" (escape from Newton mix) — 6:30
 "Never Gonna Give You Up" (escape to New York mix) — 7:00

Credits 
 Written and produced by Stock, Aitken & Waterman
 Engineer: Mark McGuire, Mike Duffy
 Mixed by:
 Escape from Newton mix: Mixmaster Pete Hammond
 Escape to New York mix: The Extra Beat Boys

Certifications

Charts

References

Other websites 
 Rick Astley TV, YouTube

Rick Astley songs
1987 songs
Stanley Cup playoffs

The Stanley Cup playoffs are an elimination tournament in the National Hockey League.

To win the Stanley Cup, a team must win 16 playoff games, 4 in each of the 4 rounds. 

The playoffs have 4 rounds. Each round is a best-of-seven series. This means up to seven games are played until one team wins 4 of the games. The first three rounds decide which team from each conference will move on to the last round. The last round is called the Stanley Cup Finals. The winner of that set of games becomes the NHL and Stanley Cup winner. 

The first round of the playoffs is called the Conference Quarterfinals. There are four games in each conference. The winners of the first round advance to the second round. The third round is the Conference Finals. The two teams left in each conference (Eastern Conference and Western Conference) play each other. The conference champions advance to the Stanley Cup Finals.

For the first three rounds, the higher-seeded team has home-ice advantage. In the Stanley Cup Finals, it goes to the team with the better regular season record. The team with home-ice advantage hosts games 1, 2, 5 and 7, while the opponent hosts games 3, 4 and 6 (games 5–7 are played "if needed").

Unlike regular season games, which have an altered format for overtime games (3 skaters and a goalie per side), playoff games have regular squads (5 skaters and a goalie per side) and are all played as sudden death format.

History
Before the 1993–94 season, the style was completely different.  The league was split into four divisions, and the best four teams in each of the divisions went to the playoffs.  Also, instead of the top team playing the 8th place team in the conference, the first place team played the fourth place team in each division, and the second place team played the third place team.  In the second round, the two winning teams in each division would face each other for the divisional championship.  The divisional winners in each conference would play one another in the third round for the right to advance to the Stanley Cup Final.  This style is still used for deciding the teams in the playoffs in the American Hockey League.

 
National Hockey League
play
Prime Minister of Israel

The Prime Minister of Israel is the head of government and chief executive of Israel. The prime minister holds the de facto most senior office in the state and is usually the leader of the majority party or coalition in the Parliament of Israel. The current Prime Minister is Naftali Bennett who took office in June 2021.

List of prime ministers

Living former Prime Ministers

References

Lists of Israeli people
Israel
Abukuma River

The Abukuma River (阿武隈川, Abukuma gawa or Abukumagawa) is a river in the Tōhoku region of Japan.  It has a length of 234 kilometers. It is the second longest river in the Tōhoku region of Japan and the 6th longest river in Japan. It rises from springs in the peaks of the Nasu Mountains. It collects water from tributaries leaving the Ōu Mountains and the Abukuma Highlands (阿武隈高地). Then, it empties out into the Pacific Ocean as a major river. It has a 5,390 km² area watershed. About 1.2 million people live along its basin.

Rivers of Japan
Agano River

The Agano River (Aganogawa) is a river which flows from Fukushima Prefecture to Niigata Prefecture in Japan. It is called the Aga River or the Ōkawa River  in Fukushima. It is 210 km long with 7,710 km² watershed.

In 1927, the Agano River was recognized as one of the 100 Landscapes of Japan which best showed Japan and its culture in the Shōwa period.

Niigata Minamata disease
In 1964, a chemical factory at Kanose village in Niigata Prefecture released methyl mercury into the river and this caused the Niigata Minamata disease.

References

Rivers of Japan
Arakawa River

The Arakawa River () is one of the principal rivers flowing through Tokyo, the capital city of Japan. The point of origin is on Mount Kobushi in Saitama Prefecture, and the Arakawa empties into Tokyo Bay, spanning 173 kilometers.  The drainage basin covers 2,940 square kilometers. The widest section of the river ranges 2,537 meters at around Gonari Bridge and ranks number one in the nation.

The Arakawa is a sister river with the Potomac River in the United States.

Other websites
Potomac Sister River page 
Arakawa River Association 

Rivers of Japan
Chikugo River

The  is called "Chikushijirō" as a nickname.  This river flows through Kumamoto, Ōita, Fukuoka and Saga prefectures in Japan. It rises under the Mount Aso, is 143 km long and is the longest river of Kyūshū. It enters to the Ariake Bay.

Rivers of Japan
The Replacements (band)

The Replacements were an American rock band. They began in Minneapolis, Minnesota, in 1979, and are best known for being early pioneers of alternative rock.

Live performances

The Replacements became popular locally after playing live for the first time. This was because of Tommy Stinson's young age. He was still 13. He had learned to play bass guitar at 11 . Early shows were good but soon because impossible to control. The band became known for their rowdy, angry, and often drunken live shows. They often came up on stage too intoxicated to play.

They were banned permanently from Saturday Night Live after performing drunk before a national television audience on January 18, 1986. As one critic said, the band could quite often be "mouthing profanities into the camera, stumbling into each other, falling down, dropping their instruments, and generally behaving like the apathetic drunks they were."

The Replacements—when sober—got critical praise for their live shows. Part of the suspense of seeing the Replacements play, was that the audience never knew until the start of a concert if the band would be sober enough to play. It was not unusual for the group to play entire sets of cover versions, ranging anywhere from Bryan Adams's "Summer of '69" to Dusty Springfield's "The Look of Love" to Led Zeppelin's "Black Dog."

Other reading

References 

American rock bands
American punk bands
Musical groups from Minnesota
Musicians from Minneapolis, Minnesota
Fuji River

The  flows from Yamanashi Prefecture to Shizuoka Prefecture in Japan. It is 128 km long and has a drainage area of 3990 km². With the Mogami River and the Kuma River, it is regarded as one of the three most rapid flows of Japan. This river is not well known by people over the world. It is near Mount Fuji.

In 1927, the Fuji River was recognized as one of the 100 Landscapes of Japan which best showed Japan and its culture in the Shōwa period.

References 

Rivers of Japan
Hino River

The  is a major river in the western part of Tottori Prefecture. The river flows east-northeast for 1004m beginning from Mikuniyama in Nichinan in southern Tottori Prefecture. At Kofu, the river turns north-northwest before finally discharging into Miho Bay at Heizu near Yonago. Approximately 60,800 people use the water from the Hino River.

Rivers of Japan
Jinzū River

The  is a river which flows from Gifu Prefecture to Toyama Prefecture in Japan. It is called Miya River (宮川 Miya-gawa) in Gifu. It is 120 km long and has a watershed of 2,720 km².

Rivers of Japan
Uono River

The  is a river in Niigata Prefecture in Japan. It flows into the Shinano River,  which is the longest in Japan. It is a good river for sport fishing and maybe rafting but not for swimming.

Rivers of Japan
Ibi River

The  is a tributary of the Kiso River in Gifu and Mie Prefectures in Japan. Along with the Nagara and Kiso rivers, the Ibi is the third of the Kiso Three Rivers of the Nōbi Plain. It is one of Japan's first class rivers. The former Tōkaidō post station of Kuwana-juku was on the western banks of this river during the Edo period.

Rivers of Japan
Steely Dan

Steely Dan is an American jazz rock band. They are from Annandale-on-Hudson, New York.  They were active from 1971 to 1981.  They reunited in 1993 to play their music live at concerts.

Discography
Studio albums
 Can't Buy a Thrill (1972)
 Countdown to Ecstasy (1973)
 Pretzel Logic (1974)
 Katy Lied (1975)
 The Royal Scam (1976)
 Aja (1977)
 Gaucho (1980)
 Everything Must Go (2003)

American rock bands
Jazz bands
Pop rock bands
Musical groups from New York
Mastodon (band)

Mastodon is an American heavy metal band from Atlanta, Georgia. This band was formed in 1999.

Discography
Remission (2002)
Leviathan (2004)
Blood Mountain (2006)
Crack the Skye (2009)
The Hunter (2011)
 Once More 'Round the Sun (2014)
 Emperor of Sand (2017)
 Hushed and Grim (2021)

Other websites

 Official Mastodon website
 Mastodon's official MySpace
 Relapse Records

American heavy metal bands
Musical groups from Atlanta, Georgia
Musical groups established in 2000
2000 establishments in the United States
2000s establishments in Georgia (U.S. state)
Tony Chimel

Anthony (Tony) Chimel  is an American professional wrestling ring announcer. He currently works for the SmackDown, Superstars and NXT brands as a ring announcer. He has also been the ring announcer for the ECW before it went defunct in 2009.

References 

Living people
WWE people
People from New Jersey
People from Pennsylvania
Latin alphabet in Turkic countries

The Latin alphabet in Turkic countries is the common alphabet officially used in most countries with Turkic languages. Turkic languages can also be written in Arabic, Persian and Cyrillic.

History

After World War I, many Turkic countries implemented a policy of westernization, centered even on the use of the Latin alphabet.
The first was Turkey in 1928, where Kemal Atatürk substituted the Arab alphabet with the Roman alphabet after ordering the end of the Ottoman Empire.

Soon all the Turkic-speaking countries of the Soviet Central Asia did the same and used the so-called "unified Turkish Latin alphabet" based on the one of Atatürk's Turkey, but during WWII, Stalin ordered a Russification process in his Soviet Union and the Latin alphabet was replaced again by the Cyrillic alphabet.

After the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991, most of the newly independent Turkic Asian countries put back the Latin alphabet. There are small differences between each country's alphabet.

List of Turkic countries with Roman (Latin) alphabet
Turkey. Officially using only the Roman since 1928.
Azerbaijan. Officially using only the Roman since 1991. 
Turkmenistan. Officially using only the Roman since 1999.
Uzbekistan. Officially using only the Roman since 2005, but still using the Cyrillic.
Kazakhstan. Using both Roman and Cyrillic.
Kyrgyzstan. Using both Roman and Cyrillic.

Letters of Latin alphabet

The Turkish alphabet used in Turkey, based on Latin capital and lower case letters, has 29 letters (but other countries like Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan have more letters). Unusual among languages that use the Latin alphabet, Turkish has both a dotted and dotless version of the letter "I".

Of these 29 letters in the Latin alphabet of Turkey, 8 are vowels (A, E, I, İ, O, Ö, U, Ü); the 21 others are consonants. The letters Q, W, and X of the English alphabet do not occur in this Turkish Latin alphabet, and, in fact, were once illegal in Turkey.

The Turkish alphabet used in other Turkic countries, like Kazakhstan, when using Latin alphabet like in the case of Qazaqsa, has some different letters.

For example, the Qazaqsa Latin alphabet has 38 letters:

Bibliography
Johanson, Lars & Csató, Éva Agnes 1998. The Turkic languages. Routledge, London.  
Lewis, Geoffrey 2002. The Turkish language reform: a catastrophic success. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 

Latin alphabet
Turkey
Kazakhstan
Listeria

Listeria is a genus of bacteria with about ten species. It is named after Joseph Lister. Listeria are very common, they occur almost everywhere. Two of the ten species are pathogens: they can cause a disease called listeriosis in decaying food.

In 2011, 21 people died from listeriosis by eating cantaloupes from a Colorado farm.  In 1998, hot dogs and possibly deli meats made by Bil Mar Foods, a subsidiary of Sara Lee Corp., also had listeria and killed 21 people.  In 1985, listeria in Mexican-style soft cheese was linked to 52 deaths.

References

Gram-positive bacteria
American Eagle Outfitters

American Eagle is a clothing store in the United States and Canada. Most people who buy clothing from American Eagle are teenagers and young adults. The store opened in 1977 and the headquarters is in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

Other websites 
American Eagle website

American clothing companies
1977 establishments in the United States
1970s establishments in Pennsylvania
Companies based in Pennsylvania
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Church of Scotland

The Church of Scotland is the national church of Scotland, established by law.  It is Presbyterian. The Presbyterian Church of Scotland is  distinguished from the Anglican Church in a number of ways. It does not have bishops or archbishops; nor is the British monarch its head. The leading minister is called the Moderator, who is the chair of the General Assembly for one year. Ministers of the Kirk, as it is called, may be called Rectors.

The established kirk has suffered schism (breaks), and this has given rise to the "Wee Frees": the Free Church of Scotland, and (a further schism) the Free Church of Scotland (continuing) (the Wee Wee Frees); and the Free Presbyterian Church of Scotland (also, confusingly, called the Wee Wee Frees). 

The Scottish Presbyterian church was formed when it broke away from Rome in 1560. Its theology (beliefs) were based on the ideas of John Knox, a disciple of John Calvin. The free kirks tend to take the Bible more literally. 

About 10% of the people in Scotland are members of this church, but when asked in a census, 47% of people said this was their religion.

God's Invitation
In 1992, the Kirk's ruling body (the General Assembly) approved the following simple summary of its beliefs.

God's Invitation 
  
God made the world
	and all its creatures
	with men and women made in His image.

By breaking His laws people have broken contact with God,
	and damaged His good world.
	This we see and sense in the world and in ourselves.

The Bible tells us the Good News that God still loves us
	and has shown His love uniquely in His Son, Jesus Christ.
	He lived among us
	and died on the cross to save us from our sin.
	But God raised Him from the dead! 

In His love, this living Jesus invites us
	to turn from our sins
	and enter by faith into a restored relationship with God
	Who gives true life before and beyond death.

Then, with the power of the Holy Spirit remaking us like Jesus,
	we – with all Christians –
	worship God,
	enjoy His friendship
	and are available for Him to use
	in sharing and showing
	His love, justice, and peace
	locally and globally
	until Jesus returns!

In Jesus’ name
	we gladly share with you God's message for all people –
	You matter to God!

References

Presbyterianism
Establishments in Scotland
1560s establishments in Europe
1560 establishments
Malcolm Young

Malcolm Mitchell Young (6 January 1953 – 18 November 2017) was a Scottish-born Australian guitarist. He was the rhythm guitarist for the band AC/DC.

Young left AC/DC in April 2014 to receive treatment for dementia. In September 2014 the band's management announced that his departure would be permanent.

His brothers are George and Angus Young.

Young died on 18 November 2017 at the age of 64 at Lulworth House in Elizabeth Bay. Young's elder brother George Young died a few weeks earlier, on 22 October 2017.

References

Other websites

 ACDC.com Official website
 ACDCRocks.com 

1953 births
2017 deaths
AC/DC
Deaths from dementia
Australian guitarists
Musicians from Glasgow
Musicians from Sydney
Australian songwriters
Australian rock musicians
A & C Black

A & C Black is a British book publishing company.

The company was founded in 1807 by Adam and Charles Black in Edinburgh. It moved to the Soho district of London in 1889. In 1851, the company bought the copyright of Walter Scott's Waverley Novels for £27,000. In 1902, it published P. G. Wodehouse's first book, The Pothunters.

People know the company best for being the publisher of the Who's Who, printed every year since 1897 and also, since 2002, the Whitaker's Almanack.

A & C Black bought both Christopher Helm Publishers and later the Pica Press, which are publishers of the Helm Identification Guides, written by Christopher Helm.

The company is now part of Bloomsbury Publishing Plc.

Other websites 
 ACBlack.com corporate history 
 Bloomsbury Publishing corporate structure 
 Whitaker's Almanack 

Publishing companies of the United Kingdom
Book publishing companies
1807 establishments
1800s establishments in the United Kingdom
Lush

Lush was an English band.  They were active from 1988 to 1996.

English pop music groups
Musical groups from London
Disturbed

Disturbed is a rock band from Chicago, Illinois. They were formed in 1994 and have sold over 11 million albums in the United States alone and almost 20 million around the world.  All of Disturbed's albums have been number one on the Billboard 200.  Four of their albums have been number one on their first week on the Billboard 200.

History
Disturbed's original name was Brawl, and had a different singer.  David Draiman joined Brawl, and changed the name to Disturbed.  In 2000, Disturbed released their first CD, called The Sickness.  Since 2000, The Sickness has sold over 4 million copies in the United States.  In 2002, Disturbed released a DVD called M.O.L..  This has music videos and videos of the band while on tour.  Later in 2002, Disturbed released another CD, called Believe.  After Disturbed finished a tour in 2003, they fired bassist, Steve Kmak.  He was replaced with John Moyer.  In 2005, Disturbed released another album called Ten Thousand Fists.  One of Disturbed's songs, "This Moment" was put in the movie Transformers.  In 2008, Disturbed released another album, called Indestructible.  Some of the songs from Indestructible were put on the video game Rock Band.

Band members
Current lineup
 Dan Donegan – guitars (1996–2011, 2015–present)
 Mike Wengren – drums (1996–2011, 2015–present)
 David Draiman – vocals (1996–2011, 2015–present)
 John Moyer – bass (2004–2011, 2015–present)

Former
 Steve "Fuzz" Kmak – bass (1996–2003)

Timeline

Albums

References

1994 establishments in Illinois
1990s American music groups
2000s American music groups
2010s American music groups
American heavy metal bands
Musical groups established in 1994
Musical groups from Chicago
Survivor (band)

Survivor is a rock band from Chicago, Illinois. They were active from 1978 to 1989. They reunited in 1993. Their best-known single was Eye of the Tiger, which was the theme song to the movie Rocky III.

1978 establishments in the United States
1970s American music groups
1970s establishments in Illinois
1980s American music groups
1990s American music groups
2000s American music groups
2010s American music groups
American rock bands
Grammy Award winners
Musical groups established in 1978
Musical groups from Chicago
Herne Bay

Herne Bay is a small seaside town in Kent, South East England. It is about  from London. The town has a population of about 35,000. It is near Canterbury, Whitstable and the historic villages of Herne and Reculver. Up until 1978, the town had the second-longest pier in the United Kingdom. However, in 1987 it was destroyed by a storm.

Towns in Kent
Murten

Murten (French: Morat) is a city in the canton of Fribourg in Switzerland. It is a historic city on the south side of Lake Morat. The name of the city first appears in 515 as Muratum. The name is probably related to Celtic Moridunum. This is made from Mori (lake), and dunum (castle, fortification). The city used to be part of the duchy of Burgundy. It got city rights in 1337.

Today, about 6,000 people live there. Almost all of the old parts of the city still exist.  In 2000, about 77% of the people spoke German, 13% spoke French, and about 2% spoke Italian. About 19% of the people living there are foreigners.

On 1 January 1975 the former municipality of Burg bei Murten merged into the municipality of Murten. It was created on 1 January 1991 by the former municipality of Altavilla and on 1 January 2013 by the former municipality of Büchslen. On 1 January 2016 the former municipalities of Courlevon, Jeuss, Lurtigen and Salvenach merged into Murten.

Images

References

Other websites 

 Official website 
 The panorama of the battle of Morat
 Photo Gallery from Morat

Cities in Switzerland
Municipalities of Fribourg
Imperial free cities
NOT gate

A  NOT gate (also often called Inverter) is a logic gate. Each NOT gate has only one input signal. Logically with NOT gates, the input and the output swap, so if you input 1 it outputs as 0; likewise if you input 0 it outputs as 1.The NOT gate negates the values of data or signal in its input. It will always output the opposite signal. Its main function is to interchange logic.

In the 20th century an inverter was often made of a discrete transistor with other components, or several inverters were packaged in an integrated circuit.

Symbols 
There are three symbols for the NOT gate:

Related pages

 OR gate
 AND gate

Other websites 
 The Not Gate on All About Circuits

Logic gates
Paul Breitner

Paul Breitner (born 5 September, 1951) is a former German football player. He has played for West Germany national team.

Club career statistics

|-
|1970-71||rowspan="4"|Bayern Munich||rowspan="4"|Bundesliga||21||2
|-
|1971-72||30||4
|-
|1972-73||32||4
|-
|1973-74||26||7

|-
|1974-75||rowspan="3"|Real Madrid||rowspan="3"|La Liga||29||3
|-
|1975-76||25||6
|-
|1976-77||30||1

|-
|1977-78||Eintracht Braunschweig||Bundesliga||30||10
|-
|1978-79||rowspan="5"|Bayern Munich||rowspan="5"|Bundesliga||33||12
|-
|1979-80||32||10
|-
|1980-81||30||17
|-
|1981-82||29||18
|-
|1982-83||22||9
285||93
84||10
369||103
|}

International career statistics

|-
|1971||2||0
|-
|1972||7||1
|-
|1973||6||0
|-
|1974||11||4
|-
|1975||2||0
|-
|1976||0||0
|-
|1977||0||0
|-
|1978||0||0
|-
|1979||0||0
|-
|1980||0||0
|-
|1981||8||3
|-
|1982||12||2
|-
!Total||48||10
|}

References

1951 births
Living people
German footballers
Sportspeople from Bavaria
Bobby Convey

Bobby Convey (born May 27, 1983) is an American soccer player. He plays for San Jose Earthquakes.

Club career statistics

|-
|2000||rowspan="5"|DC United||rowspan="5"|Major League Soccer||22||0||2||0||colspan="2"|-||24||0
|-
|2001||12||1||1||0||colspan="2"|-||13||1
|-
|2002||26||5||0||0||colspan="2"|-||26||5
|-
|2003||19||2||1||0||colspan="2"|-||20||2
|-
|2004||5||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||5||0

|-
|2004/05||rowspan="5"|Reading||rowspan="2"|League Championship||18||0||2||0||2||0||22||0
|-
|2005/06||45||7||0||0||0||0||45||7
|-
|2006/07||rowspan="2"|Premier League||9||0||3||0||0||0||12||0
|-
|2007/08||20||0||2||0||2||1||24||1
|-
|2008/09||League Championship||6||0||1||0||2||0||9||0

|-
|2009||rowspan="2"|San Jose Earthquakes||rowspan="2"|Major League Soccer||26||1||1||0||colspan="2"|-||27||1
|-
|2010||||||||||||||||
110||9||5||0||colspan="2"|-||115||9
98||7||8||0||6||1||112||8
208||16||13||0||6||1||227||17
|}

International career statistics

|-
|2000||1||0
|-
|2001||1||0
|-
|2002||1||0
|-
|2003||15||1
|-
|2004||9||0
|-
|2005||7||0
|-
|2006||8||0
|-
|2007||3||0
|-
|2008||1||0
|-
!Total||46||1
|}

References

1983 births
Living people
American soccer players
Sportspeople from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Bruce Arena

Bruce Arena (born September 21, 1951) is a former American soccer player. He played for Tacoma Tides and the United States Men's national team. Arena graduated from Cornell University in 1973. He last coached the United States Men's national team.

International career statistics

|-
|1973||1||0
|-
!Total||1||0
|}

References

Other websites 
 

1951 births
Living people
American soccer players
American soccer coaches
Sportspeople from New York City
Association football goalkeepers
Cornell University alumni
New York Red Bulls managers
Jimmy Glass

Jimmy Glass is an English retired football player.

References

1973 births
Living people
English association football goalkeepers
Sportspeople from Surrey
Miklós Fehér

Miklós Fehér is a former Hungarian football player. He has played for Hungary national team.

Club career statistics 

|-
|1995/96||rowspan="3"|Győri||rowspan="3"|Championship I||8||2
|-
|1996/97||29||8
|-
|1997/98||25||13

|-
|1998/99||rowspan="2"|Porto||rowspan="2"|Portuguese Liga||5||0
|-
|1999/00||5||1
|-
|1999/00||Salgueiros||Portuguese Liga||14||5
|-
|2000/01||Braga||Portuguese Liga||26||14
|-
|2001/02||Porto||Portuguese Liga||0||0
|-
|2002/03||rowspan="2"|Benfica||rowspan="2"|Portuguese Liga||16||4
|-
|2003/04||13||3
62||23
79||27
141||50
|}

International career statistics 

|-
!Total||25||7
|}

References

1979 births
2004 deaths
Deaths from cardiomyopathy
Hungarian footballers
Åge Hareide

Åge Hareide is a former Norwegian football player. He has played for Norway national team.

Club career statistics

|-
|1975||rowspan="7"|Molde||rowspan="4"|First Division||9||3
|-
|1976||22||9
|-
|1977||21||7
|-
|1978||19||2
|-
|1979||Second Division||0||0
|-
|1980||First Division||22||0
|-
|1981||Second Division||0||0

|-
|1981-82||rowspan="2"|Manchester City||rowspan="2"|First Division||16||0
|-
|1982-83||8||0
|-
|1982-83||rowspan="2"|Norwich City||rowspan="2"|First Division||12||0
|-
|1983-84||28||2

|-
|1984||rowspan="4"|Molde||rowspan="4"|First Division||17||3
|-
|1985||22||3
|-
|1986||18||3
|-
|1987||15||1
165||31
64||2
229||33
|}

International career statistics

|-
!Total||50||5
|}

1953 births
Living people
Norwegian footballers
Moussa Hojeij

Moussa Hojeij is a Lebanese football coach and former player. He played for the national team between 1998 and 2002. Currently he is the manager of Lebanese club Nejmeh.

References

1974 births
Living people
Lebanese footballers
People from Beirut
Football managers
Paul Mariner

Paul Mariner (22 May 1953 – 9 July 2021) was an English football player. He played for England national team from 1977 until 1985.

Death
Mariner died on 9 July 2021 from brain cancer, aged 68.

Club career statistics

|-
|1973-74||rowspan="4"|Plymouth Argyle||rowspan="2"|Third Division||41||14
|-
|1974-75||46||20
|-
|1975-76||rowspan="2"|Second Division||38||15
|-
|1976-77||10||7
|-
|1976-77||rowspan="8"|Ipswich Town||rowspan="8"|First Division||28||10
|-
|1977-78||37||11
|-
|1978-79||33||13
|-
|1979-80||41||17
|-
|1980-81||36||13
|-
|1981-82||25||8
|-
|1982-83||37||13
|-
|1983-84||23||12
|-
|1983-84||rowspan="3"|Arsenal||rowspan="3"|First Division||15||7
|-
|1984-85||36||7
|-
|1985-86||9||0
|-
|1986-87||rowspan="2"|Portsmouth||Second Division||33||5
|-
|1987-88||First Division||23||4
511||176
511||176
|}

International career statistics

|-
|1977||3||1
|-
|1978||2||0
|-
|1979||0||0
|-
|1980||8||4
|-
|1981||5||1
|-
|1982||11||5
|-
|1983||4||2
|-
|1984||1||0
|-
|1985||1||0
|-
!Total||35||13
|}

References

1953 births
2021 deaths
Deaths from brain cancer
English footballers
Sportspeople from Lancashire
English football managers
Reculver

Reculver is a small coastal town in Kent, South East England near Herne Bay and a few miles north of Canterbury. Its main features are the ruins of a Roman fort, a ruined medieval church which is constantly threatened by coastal erosion.

References

Towns in Kent
Whitstable

Whiststable is a small seaside town in Kent, southeast England. It is a few miles north of Canterbury, near Herne Bay. The town is famous for its oysters which have been collected there since the Roman period.

Towns in Kent
Ports and harbours of the United Kingdom
Herne, Kent

Herne is a small historical village, near Herne Bay in Kent, South East England.

The hamlet of Bullockstone is about one mile to the west.

References

Villages in Kent
Pier

A pier is a raised walkway across water. It can be a simple light wooden structure which has no effect on the current and tides, or a major structure with buildings and as long as a mile out to sea. In the United States, these may be referred to as docks. A pier can be made of wood, concrete, or other materials.

Transport buildings and structures
Charlie Haas

Charles Doyle "Charlie" Haas II (born  on March 27, 1972) is an American professional wrestler and former amateur wrestler.

References 

1972 births
American Christians
American professional wrestlers
Living people
Sportspeople from Houston, Texas
Former WWE wrestlers
Van Halen

Van Halen was a hard rock group from Pasadena, California.  They were formed in 1972.  Guitarist Eddie Van Halen's style of playing changed the guitar world.  He used lots of new techniques such as shredding and tapping. They made history with their first self-titled debut album in 1978, producing 4 major hits. The band released twelve studio albums, which have sold 80 million records worldwide.

Eddie Van Halen died on October 6, 2020, from cancer. His son, bass guitarist Wolfgang Van Halen, confirmed that the band had broken up.

References

1970s American music groups
1980s American music groups
1990s American music groups
2000s American music groups
2010s American music groups
Grammy Award winners
American hard rock bands
American heavy metal bands
Musical groups from California
Pasadena, California
Musical groups established in 1972
1972 establishments in California
Warner Bros. Records artists
Idealism

Idealism is the philosophy that believes the ultimate nature of reality is ideal, or based upon ideas, values, or essences. The external, or real world cannot be separated from consciousness, perception, mind, intellect and reason in the sense of science. 

In some doctrines of idealistic thought the ideal relates to direct and immediate knowledge of subjective mental ideas, or images. 

Philosophical movements and positions
Reality
Empiricism

In philosophy, empiricism is a theory that states that all knowledge comes from experience. 

'Experience' is sometimes translated as 'sense data', i.e. we cannot know anything except by information which comes through our senses.

The British philosophers John Locke, George Berkeley and David Hume, clarified some of its basic ideas in the 17th and 18th century, building on the ideas of classical philosopher Aristotle. 

Empiricism is one of several competing views about how we know things, part of the branch of philosophy called epistemology, or "study of knowledge". Materialism and physicalism share some of attitudes of empiricism.

Epistemology
Philosophical movements and positions