cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Saigon railway station

The Saigon railway station () is the train station for Ho Chi Minh City. It is the southernmost train station of the North-South railway in Vietnam. It is about 1 km away from the city center.

The Saigon railway station of today is not the first train station for the city. The first train station was located across Ben Thanh Market near the city center. Although the city's name was changed from Saigon to Ho Chi Minh City at the end of the Vietnam War in 1975, the name of the train station did not change.

Railway stations in Asia
Rail transport in Asia
Buildings and structures in Vietnam
Andrea Torres

Andrea Elizabeth Eugenio Torres (born May 4, 1990) is a Filipina actress, host, and commercial model. She is part of the GMA Network talents.

Career 
Her most notable roles include being on the shows Contessa, Victor Magtanggol, and Better Woman.

Personal life 
Torres was born on May 4, 1990. She graduated from University of Santo Tomas. She was previously in a relationship with her former leading man, Derek Ramsay. Their relationship ended on Nov 19, 2020. She has been linked to Latvian-born investor James Richman.

References 

Filipino actors
1990 births
Alexander's Ragtime Band

Alexander's Ragtime Band is a 1938 American musical movie directed by Henry King and was based on the 1911 song of the same name by Irving Berlin. It stars Tyrone Power, Alice Faye, Don Ameche, Ethel Merman, Jack Haley, Helen Westley, John Carradine, Wally Vernon, Ruth Terry, Stanley Andrews and was distributed by 20th Century Fox. It was nominated for 6 Oscars and won an Academy Award in 1939.

Other websites
 
 
 

1938 movies
1930s musical movies
American musical movies
20th Century Fox movies
Movies directed by Henry King
Movies set in San Francisco
Where No Vultures Fly

Where No Vultures Fly is a 1951 British adventure movie directed by Harry Watt and starring Anthony Steel, Dinah Sheridan, Harold Warrender, William Simons. It was followed up by the 1954 sequel West of Zanzibar.

Other websites
 
 

1951 movies
1950s adventure movies
British adventure movies
Movies directed by Henry Watt
They Gave Him a Gun

They Gave Him a Gun is a 1937 American crime drama movie directed by W.S. Van Dyke and was based on the 1936 novel of the same name by William J. Cowen. It stars Spencer Tracy, Gladys George, Franchot Tone, Edgar Dearing, Cliff Edwards and was distributed by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer.

Other websites
 
 
 

1937 movies
1930s crime movies
1930s drama movies
American crime drama movies
Movies based on books
Movies directed by W. S. Van Dyke
Pamela Tiffin

Pamela Tiffin Wonso (October 13, 1942 – December 2, 2020) was an American actress and model. She was born in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. Tiffin began acting 1960 until 1989. Tiffin was known for his roles as Scarlet in One, Two, Three (1961), Nellie in Summer and Smoke (1961) and as Miranda in Harper (1966).

Tiffin died on December 2, 2020 in New York City at the age of 78.

References

Other websites

 

1942 births
2020 deaths
Models from Oklahoma
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
Actors from Oklahoma City
Pyramid of Neferirkare

The Pyramid of Neferirkare was built for the Fifth Dynasty pharaoh Neferirkare Kakai in the 25th century BC. 

It was the tallest structure on the highest site at the necropolis of Abusir, between Giza and Saqqara. It still towers over the necropolis. The pyramid is also significant because its evacuation led to the discovery of the Abusir Papyri.

The Fifth Dynasty marked the end of the great pyramid constructions during the Old Kingdom.

Pyramids of the era were smaller and became more standardized. There was still intricate relief decoration. Neferirkare's pyramid deviated from convention as it was originally built as a step pyramid. That design that had gone out of date after the Third Dynasty (26th or 27th century BC). 

The pharaoh's death left the work to be completed by his successors. The remaining works were completed in haste, using cheaper building material. Because of the haste, Neferirkare's monument lacked several basic elements of a pyramid complex: a valley temple, a causeway, and a cult pyramid. 

The monuments to Neferirkare's consort, Khentkaus II; and his sons, Neferefre and Nyuserre Ini, are in the surrounds.

References 

Pharaohs
Bill Fitsell

John Walter "Bill" Fitsell (July 25, 1923December 3, 2020) was a Canadian sports journalist and historian. He was a columnist for The Kingston Whig-Standard from 1961 to 1993.

Fitsell was the founding president of the Society for International Hockey Research in 1991. He was involved with the International Hockey Hall of Fame from 1969 to 2005.

Fitsell died on December 3, 2020 in Kingston, Ontario at the age of 97.

References

1923 births
2020 deaths
Canadian journalists
Canadian historians
Writers from Ontario
(307261) 2002 MS4

(307261) 2002 MS4 is a large classical Kuiper belt object. It is a possible dwarf planet in the Kuiper belt. It was discovered in 2002 by Chad Trujillo and Michael Brown.

The Spitzer Space Telescope estimated it to have a diameter of 726±123 km, while the Herschel Space Telescope estimated it to be 934±47 km.

2002 MS4 does not have any known moons orbiting it, thus an accurate mass estimate cannot be made. Based on its size, Brown lists it as nearly certain to be a dwarf planet, however, its low albedo may imply the opposite: dark, mid-sized bodies such as this, less than about 1000 km in diameter and with albedos less than about 0.2, have likely never collapsed into solid bodies, much less differentiated or relaxed into hydrostatic equilibrium, and thus are unlikely to be dwarf planets.

As of 2019, the rotation period of 2002 MS4 is unknown. Observations in 2005 and 2011 showed possible periods of either 7.33 hours or its alias 10.44 hours (single-peaked), or twice those values for the double-peaked solution, with a small light curve amplitude of 0.05±0.01 mag. Light curve observations of 2002 MS4 are difficult because of the dense field of background stars it is crossing. Observations made in June and July 2011 took advantage of 2002 MS4 moving in front of a dark nebula.

References 

Kuiper belt objects
Possible dwarf planets
Larry Dixon (politician)

Larry Dixon (August 31, 1942 – December 4, 2020) was an American Republican politician. He was a member of the Alabama Senate from 1983 to 2011. He was a member of the Alabama House of Representatives from 1978 through 1982. Dixon was born in Nowata, Oklahoma.

Dixon died on December 4, 2020 in Montgomery, Alabama at the age of 78.

References

1942 births
2020 deaths
State legislators of the United States
Politicians from Oklahoma
Politicians from Alabama
US Republican Party politicians
Terry Everett

Robert Terry Everett (born February 15, 1937) is an American Republican politician, real estate developer and journalist. He was a  member of the United States House of Representatives from Alabama's 2nd congressional district from 1993 to his retirement in 2009.

Everett was born on February 15, 1937, in Dothan, Alabama, the son of Bob and Thelma Everett.

References

1937 births
Living people
United States representatives from Alabama
US Republican Party politicians
Businesspeople from Alabama
Real estate developers
Antonín J. Liehm

Antonín Jaroslav Liehm (March 2, 1924 – December 4, 2020) was a Czech-born writer, publisher, translator, and scholar. He was born in Prague. He was known for the founder of the Lettre International.

Liehm died on December 4, 2020 in Prague at the age of 96.

References

1924 births
2020 deaths
Publishers
Czech translators
Czech educators
Writers from Prague
Ron Mathewson

Ron Mathewson ( 19 February 1944 – 3 December 2020) was a Scottish jazz double bassist and bass guitarist. He was born in Lerwick, Shetland Isles, Scotland. 

Mathewson was best known for his years spent working with Ronnie Scott, but has also done recordings with Stan Getz, Joe Henderson, Joan Armatrading, Ben Webster, Philly Joe Jones, Roy Eldridge, Oscar Peterson and Bill Evans.

Mathewson died on 3 December 2020 from COVID-19 in London at the age of 76.

References

Other websites
 Ron Mathewson biography and discography. 
 "Ron Mathewson - Shetland's forgotten genius of the double bass", Tom Morton's Beatcroft, 11 November 2008.

1944 births
2020 deaths
Scottish musicians
Jazz musicians
Guitarists
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom
Noelle (2019 movie)

Noelle is a 2019 American Christmas movie written and directed by Marc Lawrence and produced by Walt Disney Pictures. The movie stars Anna Kendrick as Noelle Kringle, the daughter of Kris Kringle. It also stars Bill Hader, Kingsley Ben-Adir, Billy Eichner, Julie Hagerty, and Shirley MacLaine.

It was released on November 12, 2019 through Disney+. It had mixed reviews from critics.

References

2019 movies
Disney+ movies
Christmas movies
2010s American comedy movies
Jay Brazeau

James "Jay" Brazeau (born December 22, 1953) is a Canadian actor. He is best known for his role as Sam Fisher in Cold Squad, as Harlan in Stargate SG-1 (1997-2007), for voicing Uncle Quigley in Sabrina: The Animated Series and as Bobby in Double Jeopardy (1999).

In May 2011, Brazeau suffered a minor stroke while changing costumes backstage 30 minutes into a preview performance.

References

1953 births
Living people
Canadian movie actors
Canadian television actors
Canadian voice actors
Canadian stage actors
Actors from Winnipeg
Julie Hagerty

Julie Beth Hagerty (born June 15, 1955) is an American actress and former model. She starred as Elaine in the movies Airplane! (1980) and Airplane II: The Sequel (1982). 

Her other movie roles include A Midsummer Night's Sex Comedy (1982), Lost in America (1985), What About Bob? (1991), Freddy Got Fingered (2001), A Master Builder (2014), and Marriage Story (2019).

References

1955 births
Living people
American movie actors
American stage actors
American television actors
American voice actors
Actors from Cincinnati, Ohio
Marriage Story

Marriage Story is a 2019 drama movie written and directed by Noah Baumbach. It stars Scarlett Johansson, Adam Driver, Laura Dern, Alan Alda, Ray Liotta, Julie Hagerty and Merritt Wever.

The movie follows a married couple, an actress and a stage director (Johansson and Driver), going through a coast-to-coast divorce.

References

Other websites

 
 

2019 drama movies
Movies composed by Randy Newman
American drama movies
Netflix movies
Movies about divorce
Movies set in Los Angeles
Movies set in New York City
American independent movies
Merritt Wever

Merritt Carmen Wever (born August 11, 1980) is an American actress. She is known for starring in Nurse Jackie (2009–2015).

References

1980 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American voice actors
Actors from New York City
Robert Morris University Illinois

Robert Morris University Illinois, formerly Robert Morris College, was a private university with its main campus in Chicago, Illinois.  It was founded in 1965.  It changed its name to Robert Morris University Illinois in 2009.  

In 2020, it merged into Roosevelt University, which formed under it a new Robert Morris Experimental College as one of several colleges at Roosevelt.

References

1960s establishments in Illinois
1965 establishments in the United States
Colleges and universities in Chicago
Amazon Prime

Amazon Prime is a paid subscription program from Amazon that gives users access to more services which are unavailable or available at a premium to regular Amazon customers. 

Services include same, one or two-day delivery and streaming music and video. In January 2020, Amazon reported that Prime had more than 150 million subscribers worldwide.

References

2005 establishments in the United States
Amazon (company)
OnlyFans

OnlyFans is a website for posting videos and pictures online and making money or for buying those things. The website is British and based in London. 

People who create videos or other things on the site can earn money from users who subscribe to their content. These people who subscribe and pay money to see what people make are known as the "fans". The company charges a 20% fee for all transactions made on the site. 

It is popular with people who sell sexual videos or images but also has other types of videos and images. For example sports experts, musicians and other people who make things who post regularly online. 

The people who post things can get money directly from their fans every month basis as well as one time payments called "tips" from video views.

Famous people with OnlyFans accounts include Cardi B, Tyga, Blac Chyna, Bella Thorne and more.

OnlyFans has been criticised for hosting hurtful material including sexual videos of children. The National Center on Sexual Exploitation reports fewer numbers of hurtful sexual videos of children than are posted to Facebook, which is a site with more people using it. Facebook having more people on it and more hurtful videos is talked about to show that the problem of hurtful videos is not just on OnlyFans but on many websites online. A campaign to investigate OnlyFans began in the US Congress in August 2021. 

People disagree about how safe it is to be someone who makes things and posts them the OnlyFans site for not getting hurt or stolen from. People who make and post things have been stalked and hurt by fans, sometimes resulting in the leaking of the person's private information.

In July 2020, Sky News in the United Kingdom reported that OnlyFans had not paid a UK tax called the "value-added tax" for three years before the news story, and could face paying the taxes and extra as punishment by the government. from tax authorities.id a UK tax called the "value-added tax" for three years before the news story, and could face paying the taxes and extra as punishment by the UK government.

Companies of England
Pornography
Eduardo Cesti

Eduardo Cesti Vilchez (8 December 1941 – 4 December 2020) was a Peruvian actor. He was born in Lima, Peru. His career lasted between 1963 to 2011. He was best known for his roles as Rafael in Fire on the Amazon (1993) and as Conan in the telenovela La mujer de Lorenzo.

Cesti died on 4 December 2020 in Lima from diabetes-related problems, just four days before his 79th birthday.

References

Other websites
 

1941 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from diabetes
Peruvian entertainers
Movie actors
Television actors
People from Lima
Love Me Deadly

Love Me Deadly is a 1972 American horror movie directed by Jacques Lacerte and starring Mary Charlotte Wilocx, Lyle Waggoner, Christopher Stone. It was distributed by Cinema National.

Other websites
 

1972 horror movies
1970s LGBT movies
American horror movies
Sherbaz Khan Mazari

Sherbaz Khan Mazari () (6 October 1930 – 5 December 2020) was a Pakistani politician. Mazari was born in Rojhan, British Raj. He was an Independent and member of the National Awami Party. From 1970 until 1977, he was a member of the National Assembly. From 1975 to 1977, he was the Leader of the Opposition.

Mazari died on 5 December 2020 in Islamabad, Pakistan at the age of 90.

References

1930 births
2020 deaths
Pakistani politicians
Abusir Papyri

The Abusir Papyri are the largest find of papiri so far. They are from the Old Kingdom in ancient Egypt. 

The first papyri were discovered in 1893 at Abu Gorab near Abusir in northern Egypt. 

They were written about the 24th century BC during the Fifth dynasty of Egypt. They are just fragments, but they are some of the oldest surviving papyri we have. Later on many more fragments were found in the area.

Their content 
The Abusir papyri tell about the running of a royal mortuary temple. There are duty rosters for priests, lists of temple equipment, lists of daily offerings to the temples at Abu Gorab, north of Abusir. Also, there are letters and permits. 

The fragments bear the remains of two different writings.
The introduction is written in hieroglyphs. It starts with a date referring to the reign of Djedkare Isesi. This dates the manuscripts near the end of the Fifth Dynasty.

The fragmented papyri are written in columns divided into three horizontal registers.

the first register lists dates and names of officials
the second register lists names of recipients
the third register lists the kind of meat cuts supplied; this section is largely destroyed

The text on the right summarizes allocations of grain. All writings were done in what is called the hieratic script. That is the original writing done in ink with reed pens on papyrus.

References 

Ancient Egypt
Writing systems
Royal Panteon of San Isidoro

The Royal Panteon of San Isidoro is where the kings and queens of León are buried.   It is inside the Basilica of San Isidoro.  It is in the Romanesque style of architecture.  People were buried there during the Kingdom of León in the Middle Ages.

There are many fresco paintings, carved stone pillars, and other art. The art shows scenes from Roman Catholic religion, for example angels talking to shepherds, the Crucifixion of Jesus, and the Last Supper.

King Ferdinand I and Queen Sancha ordered builders to make the Panteon.  There are 11 kings, 12 queens, 10 princes, 9 counts and some other people buried there.

References

Roman Catholic Cathedrals
Middle Ages
Kingdom of León
Broadway Melody of 1936

Broadway Melody of 1936 is a 1935 American musical movie directed by Roy Del Ruth and starring Jack Benny, Eleanor Powell, Robert Taylor, Una Merkel, Sid Silvers, Buddy Ebsen, June Knight. It was distributed by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer and was nominated for 3 Oscars and won an Academy Award in 1936.

Other websites
 
 
 

1935 movies
1930s musical movies
American musical movies
Movies directed by Roy Del Ruth
Birtamod

Birtamode (Nepali: बिर्तामोड नगरपालिका) is a municipality in Jhapa District of Nepal. It is the commercial, educational and transportation center of Jhapa District. The nearest local towns connected to Birtamod are Sarnamati Bazar, Shivasatakshi Bazar, Kamatoli Bazar, Chakchaki Bazar and Surunga Bazar. Birtamod is the largest city of Jhapa.

Images 

Municipalities of Nepal
Cities in Nepal
Damak

Damak (Nepali: दमक) is one of the oldest municipalities in Jhapa District in Province No. 1 of Nepal. It lies between the Ratuwa River in the east and the Maawa River in the west. It is the largest city in Jhapa District as well as Mechi Zone.

Education

According to 2001 Nepal census, literacy rate of the city is 88%.

School Data
Primary1038
Lower Secondary700
Secondary1408
Technical School Under CTEVT490
Higher Secondary1500
Affiliated Campus9

References

Other websites

Municipalities of Nepal
Cities in Nepal
(55565) 2002 AW197

(55565) 2002 AW197 is a classical trans-Neptunian object from the Kuiper belt. It has a diameter of at least 700 kilometers ( i. e 430 miles). It is the largest unnamed object in the Solar System and the largest planetoid without a moon. It was discovered at Palomar Observatory in 2002. It has a rotation period of 8.8 hours.

Discovery 
2002 AW197 was discovered on 10 January 2002, by astronomers at the Palomar Observatory in California. Astronomers involved in the discovery were Michael Brown, Chad Trujillo, Eleanor Helin, Michael Hicks, Kenneth Lawrence and Steven H. Pravdo.

Physical characteristics 
It has a diameter of at least 700 kilometers (430 miles). It is the largest unnamed object in the Solar System and the largest planetoid without a moon.

Orbit 
It orbits the Sun at a distance of 40.9–53.2 AU once every 322.6 years. Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.13. It has an orbital inclination of 24°.

References 

Kuiper belt objects
Possible dwarf planets
La Galatea

Galatea is a novel of Miguel de Cervantes published in 1585 in Alcalá de Henares with the title of First part of Galatea, divided in six books. Ascanio Colonna Is the dedicatario of Galatea, the one who in the decade of 1580 found  completing his studies in two Spanish colleges: the University of Alcalá and the University of Salamanca.

The novel began probably to draft  when Cervantes went back of his captivity in Algiers (December of 1580). Had little success in the bookshops, especially, if it compares  with the great of the Target of Montemayor and the grandísimo of the enamoured Target of Gil Polo. Cervantes had during all his life a very high concept of his novel and the intention to publish the second part, but died without having it done.

Novels
Spanish-language literature
Haitian American

Haitian Americans are Americans of Haitian origin.

References

Further reading 

Ethnic groups in the United States
Chelsee Healey

Chelsea "Chelsee" Jade Healey (born 6 August 1988) is an English actress. Her roles include pupil later school secretary Janeece Bryant in the BBC One school-based drama series Waterloo Road from 2006 to 2012, Honey Wright in the BBC One medical drama series Casualty from 2014 to 2015 and Goldie McQueen in the Channel 4 soap opera Hollyoaks from 2016 onwards.

Early life 
Healey was born in Salford, Greater Manchester. Her father was mixed-race, and her mother is white British.

Other websites 
 

1988 births
Living people
English child actors
English television actors
Actors from Greater Manchester
Jamie Glover

Jamie Blair Glover (born 10 July 1969) is an English actor. He is best known for playing the role of deputy head Andrew Treneman in the BBC One school-based drama series Waterloo Road (2006–2007, 2009). In 2017, Glover appeared as Harry Potter in the second cast of the West-End production of Harry Potter and the Cursed Child.

Other websites 
 

1969 births
Living people
English child actors
English television actors
English stage actors
English movie actors
English voice actors
English radio actors
Actors from London
Jill Halfpenny

Jill Halfpenny (born 15 July 1975) is an English actress. Her notable roles include Rebecca Hopkins in the long-running ITV soap opera Coronation Street (1999–2000), Kate Mitchell in the long-running BBC One soap opera EastEnders (2002–2005), Izzie Redpath in the BBC One school-based drama series Waterloo Road (2006–2007), and Diane Manning in the BBC One drama series In the Club (2014–2016). In 2004, she won the second series of the television dance contest Strictly Come Dancing.

Other websites 
 

1975 births
Living people
English child actors
English television actors
English stage actors
People from Tyne and Wear
Send in Stewie, Please

"Send in Stewie, Please" is the 12th episode of the 16th season of Family Guy. It was first shown on the Fox network on March 18, 2018. It did not have as many advertisements when it was shown because it is longer than most episodes of Family Guy. The episode is about Stewie Griffin going to a psychologist to talk about secrets about himself. Brian shows up in the end of the episode, but none of the other characters in Griffin family are in the episode. The episode got Ian McKellen to be the voice actor for the character Dr. Cecil Pritchfield. 2.24 million people watched the episode when it was first shown on television. Gary Janetti got a nomination for an award at the 71st Writers Guild of America Awards for writing the episode.

References

Other websites 

Family Guy episodes
2018 television episodes
Lost Horizon (1937 movie)

Lost Horizon is a 1937 American fantasy adventure drama movie.  Frank Capra directed the movie. It follows the story of the 1933 novel Lost Horizon by James Hilton. Ronald Coleman, Jane Wyatt, Edward Everett Horton, Isabel Jewell, John Howard, and Margo acted in the movie.  Columbia Pictures. distributed it. It was nominated for 7 Oscars and won 2 Academy Awards in 1938 and was remade in 1973.

Other websites
 
 
 

1937 movies
1930s fantasy movies
1930s adventure movies
1930s drama movies
American fantasy movies
1930s American adventure movies
American drama movies
Movies based on books
Movies directed by Frank Capra
Casual Game

A casual game is a video game targeted at a wide, mass market audience, as opposed to a hardcore game, which is a game targeted at a more niche audience of hobbyist gamers. Casual games may exhibit any type of gameplay and genre. They generally have simpler rules, shorter sessions, and less learned skill than hardcore games.

Countless casual games have been developed and published, alongside hardcore games, across the history of video games. A concerted effort to capitalize on casual games grew in the 1990s and 2000s, as many developers and publishers branded themselves as casual game companies, publishing games especially for personal computers, web browsers, and, after 2007, smartphones.

Video games
Video Games In India

Video gaming in India is an emerging market. As investments continue to rise, the video game market is expected to grow rapidly in India.

India is one of the top five mobile gaming markets in the world in terms of number of users. In FY 2019, online gaming in India was estimated at ₹6,200 crore (US$870 million) market with an estimated 300 million gamers.

As of 2019, India is one of the top five mobile gaming markets in the world in terms of number of users. In FY 2019, online gaming in India was estimated at ₹6,200 crore market with an estimated 300 million gamers.

PUBG Mobile became the most popular online game in India in 2018, as of January 2020, India became PUBG Mobile'''s largest market in the world with 116 million downloads, which is 21% of 555 million PUBG Mobile'' players worldwide.

Estimates suggest that India's mobile games market will be worth $1.1 billion by 2020, and number of users projected to become 628 million by then.

Video gaming is growing very quickly especially in the mobile space with the advent of cheap and affordable smartphones. A recent survey has found that women mobile gamers are actually more active than men in India.

Video games
India
Group 5 element

Group 5 is a group of elements in the periodic table.

Group 5 has vanadium (V), niobium (Nb), tantalum (Ta) and dubnium (Db).

Group 5 is in the transition metals section.

Chemical elements
Periodic table
One Hundred Men and a Girl

One Hundred Men and a Girl is a 1937 American musical comedy movie directed by Henry Koster. Deanna Durbin, Adolphe Menjou, Leopold Stokowski, Eugene Pallette, Alice Brady, and Alma Kruger were in it. It was distributed (spread around) by Universal Pictures. The movie was nominated for 5 Oscars and won an Academy Award in 1938.

Other websites

1937 movies
1930s musical movies
1930s comedy movies
American musical comedy movies
Movies directed by Henry Koster
Portuguese alphabet

The Portuguese alphabet is a Latin alphabet with 26 letters. Also, the language uses accent marks to show sound changes and stressed syllables. The accents used in Portuguese are the acute accent (Áá, Éé, Íí, Óó, Úú), the circumflex (Ââ, Êê, Ôô) and the tilde (Ãã, Õõ). Respectively (in order), the accents mark open, closed and nasal vowels. There are rules that tell when to put an accent in a word. Most of the time, accented syllables are the stressed ones, and some words even have more than one accent, like "órgão", meaning "organ".

Lastly, the language has a "ç" character (C with a cedilla, used for historical reasons. It has a /s/ sound like in the word "soap" and it never appears at the very start or at the very end of a word.
Writing systems
Latin alphabet
Language
Stage Door

Stage Door is a 1937 American drama movie directed by Gregory La Cava and was based on the 1936 play of the same name. It stars Katharine Hepburn, Ginger Rogers, Adolphe Menjou, Gail Patrick, Andrea Leeds, Lucille Ball, Eve Arden and was distributed by RKO Radio Pictures. It was nominated for 4 Academy Awards in 1938.

Other websites
 
 
 

1937 movies
1930s drama movies
American drama movies
Movies based on plays
A Star Is Born (1937 movie)

A Star Is Born is a 1937 American romantic drama movie directed by William A. Wellman and Jack Conway. It stars Janet Gaynor, Fredric March, Adolphe Menjou, May Robson, Andy Devine, Lionel Stander, Owen Moore, Peggy Wood and was distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures. It was nominated for 8 Oscars and 2 Academy Awards in 1938 and was remade three times in 1954, 1976 and 2018.

Other websites
 
 
 

1937 movies
1930s romance movies
1930s drama movies
1930s romantic drama movies
American romantic drama movies
Warner Bros. movies
Movies directed by Jack Conway
Movies directed by William A. Wellman
Movies set in Los Angeles
Movies set in North Dakota
Genie (Disney)

The Genie is a character in Disney's Aladdin movies.

His life 
The Genie of the Lamp has been stuck in a magic lamp for 10,000 years. He was freed by Aladdin and he offered Aladdin three wishes. Aladdin asked him what he would wish for. Genie wished for his freedom from the lamp.

Development
Robin Williams voiced the Genie in the 1992 cartoon and Aladdin and the King of Thieves. He wasn't able to return for the animated show and The Return of Jafar due to disagreements with Disney and with Dan Castellaneta voicing him in the meantime. Williams improvised a lot of dialogue for the Genie, which made the 1992 movie ineligible for Best Adapted Screenplay. Will Smith would play the Genie in the 2019 live-action remake.

Reception
Robin Williams has received a lot of acclaim for voicing the Genie. Same goes to Will Smith for the remake, which otherwise had mixed reviews.

Aladdin (Disney) characters
Fictional characters introduced in 1992
Kingdom Hearts characters
Ratchet & Clank Future: Quest for Booty

Ratchet & Clank Future: Quest for Booty is a platform game developed by Insomniac Games. It is the eighth game in the Ratchet & Clank series of video games. It was released on 2008 exclusively for the PlayStation 3. The game became a bonus game for 2013's Ratchet & Clank: Into the Nexus.

Gameplay
The game plays as just Ratchet and upgrades can be found in the environment.

Plot
Ratchet misses seeing his friend Clank and he and Talwyn Apogee set course to Merdegraw, the home of the Space Pirates.

Reception
Some people liked the game but felt it was too short.

Other websites 
Official website

2008 video games
3D platform games
PlayStation 3-only games
Ratchet & Clank
Ratchet & Clank Future: A Crack in Time

Ratchet & Clank Future: A Crack in Time is a platform game developed by Insomniac Games. It is the ninth game in the Ratchet & Clank series of video games. It was released on Fall 2009 exclusively for the PlayStation 3.

Gameplay
The game plays as Ratchet and Clank. Clank's levels has him solve puzzles and do time recording. Ratchet gets to explore various parts of the Polaris Galaxy. He can find and collect up to 40 Zoni to gain extra health. When he gets all of them, he gets to defeat Lord Vorselon a third and final time.

Plot
Ratchet and Qwark are going to a sector of the Polaris Galaxy to follow Dr. Nefarious, who has captured Clank at the Great Clock.

Reception
Many say it is one of the better Ratchet & Clank games.

Other websites 
Official website

2009 video games
3D platform games
PlayStation 3-only games
Ratchet & Clank
Whipsaw

Whipsaw is a 1935 American romantic crime drama movie directed by Sam Wood and starring Myrna Loy, Spencer Tracy, Harvey Stephens, William Harrigan, Robert Warwick, Clay Clement, Wade Boteler. It was distributed by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer.

Other websites
 
 
 

1935 movies
1930s romance movies
1930s crime movies
1930s drama movies
American romantic drama movies
American crime drama movies
Movies directed by Sam Wood
Tumen River

The Tumen River one of the two rivers that make up the China-North Korea border. It is also one of the two rivers that comes from Mount Paektu, the mountain on the China-North Korea border, and it empties into the Sea of Japan. The river also makes up the Russia-North Korea border. The name comes from the Mongolian word tümen, which means "ten thousand".

Since the easiest way to leave North Korea is through the China-North Korea border, many North Korean defectors have crossed this river to escape North Korea. Some have even escaped into Russia. However, it has become more difficult to escape the country since the government has sent more guards, more electric fences, and more traps on its borders.

North Korea
Rivers of China
Rivers of Russia
Gwen Stacy

Gwendolyne Maxine Stacy is a Marvel Comics character created by Stan Lee and Steve Dikto. She is Peter Parker's first love interest in the comics.

Portrayal
Bryce Dallas Howard played Stacy in Spider-Man 3, with Emma Stone playing her in both The Amazing Spider-Man and The Amazing Spider-Man 2. Hailee Steinfeld would later voice her in Spider-Man: Into the Spider-Verse.

Characters created by Stan Lee
Fictional characters introduced in the 1960s
Marvel Comics characters
Marvel Comics movie characters
Yalu River

The Yalu River one of the two rivers that make up the China-North Korea border. It is also one of the two rivers that comes from Mount Paektu, the mountain on the China-North Korea border, and it empties into Korea Bay. The origin of the name is unknown. Linguists believe yalu either comes from Manchu meaning "between two places" or from Mandarin meaning "duck green".

Since the easiest way to leave North Korea is through the China-North Korea border, many North Korean defectors have crossed this river to escape North Korea. However, it has become more difficult to escape the country since the government has sent more guards, more electric fences, and more traps on its borders.

Rivers of China
North Korea
Korea Bay

Korea Bay is a bay shared by China and North Korea. It is northwest of the Korean Peninusula. The Yalu River empties into this bay.

Bays
Geography of China
North Korea
Air Force (movie)

Air Force is a 1943 American World War II action movie directed by Howard Hawks and starring John Garfield, John Ridgely, Gig Young, Arthur Kennedy, Harry Carey, George Tobias, Ward Wood. It was distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures and was nominated for 4 Oscars and won an Academy Award in 1944.

Other websites
 
 
 

1943 movies
1940s war movies
1940s action movies
American war movies
American action movies
World War II movies
Movies directed by Howard Hawks
Middle East tree frog

The Middle East tree frog (Hyla savignyi), also known as the Lemon yellow tree frog, Savigny's tree frog, is a frog from the Middle East.  It can be found in Egypt, Israel, Turkey, Syria, Iraq, Iran, Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia.

This frog can live in places that are very hot and dry.  Unless it is the breeding season, this frog hides during the day and moves around at night.  Adult frogs eat arthropods, for example insects, and tadpoles eat plants and animals.  The tadpoles turn into frogs at different times of year depending on how high up a mountain they are.

References

Animals of Asia
Frogs
Second Sea Lord and Deputy Chief of Naval Staff

The Second Sea Lord and Deputy Chief of Naval Staff (formerly Second Sea Lord) is one of the most senior admirals of the Royal Navy. Previously, titled Second Naval Lord in 1830, the post was restyled Second Sea Lord in 1904. Currently, the Second Sea Lord is based at Navy Command. His counterpart is the Fleet Commander.

Departments under the office
As of September 2020:

Current
 Office of the Assistant Chief (Policy)
 Office of the Director of Personnel and Training & Office of the Naval Secretary
 Director Navy Acquisition
 Office of the Assistant Chief of the Naval Staff (Capability) and Director Development

References

Royal Navy
Military ranks
Norman Abramson

Norman Manuel Abramson (April 1, 1932 – December 1, 2020) was an American engineer and computer scientist. He was most known for creating the ALOHAnet system for wireless computer communication.

References

Other websites
 Engineering and Technology History Wiki
Biography from IEEE
 Oral history interview with Severo Ornstein, Charles Babbage Institute, University of Minnesota.  Ornstein discusses the computing contributions of Wesley Clark and Norman Abramson.

 Author profile in the database zbMATH

American engineers
American computer scientists
1932 births
2020 deaths
Scientists from Boston, Massachusetts
Sol Tolchinsky

Sol Tolchinsky (January 2, 1929 – December 1, 2020) was a Canadian basketball player. He competed in the 1948 Summer Olympics. He was born in Montreal, Quebec. Tolchinsky was part of the Canadian basketball team, which finished ninth in the Olympic tournament. 

Tochinsky died of COVID-19 in Montreal on December 1, 2020 at the age of 91.

References

1929 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada
Canadian basketball players
Canadian Olympians
Sportspeople from Montreal
T. B. Ekanayake

Thilakarathne Bandara Ekanayake (28 August 1954 – 6 December 2020) was a Sri Lankan politician. He was a member of the Freedom Party. He was a member of the Parliament of Sri Lanka from 1994 until his death.

Ekanayake died on 6 December 2020 in Colombo at the age of 66.

References

Other websites
 

1954 births
2020 deaths
Sri Lankan politicians
David Lander

David Lander (June 22, 1947 – December 4, 2020) was an American actor, comedian, musician and activist. He was born in New York City. Lander was known for his role as Squiggy in the sitcom Laverne & Shirley. 

In 1984, Lander was diagnosed with multiple sclerosis. He died at the Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles from the disease on December 4, 2020 at the age of 73.

References

Other websites
 
 

1947 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from multiple sclerosis
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American activists
Musicians from New York City
Comedians from New York City
Actors from New York City
François Leterrier

François Leterrier (26 May 1929 – 4 December 2020) was a French director and actor. He was cast in Robert Bresson's movie A Man Escaped. He was born in Oise, France. He directed the 1961 movie Les Mauvais Coups. 

Leterrier died on 4 December 2020 in Paris at the age of 91.

References

1929 births
2020 deaths
French movie actors
French stage actors
French movie directors
Robert Bresson

Robert Bresson (; 25 September 1901 – 18 December 1999) was a French movie director. 

His works A Man Escaped (1956), Pickpocket (1959) and Au hasard Balthazar (1966) were ranked among the 100 greatest movies ever made.

References

1901 births
1999 deaths
French movie directors
Bromont-Lamothe

Bromont-Lamothe is a commune in the Puy-de-Dôme department in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes in central France.

References

Communes in Puy-de-Dôme
Ferenc Tóth (politician)

Ferenc Tóth (30 December 1950 – 4 December 2020) was a Hungarian engineer and Fidesz politician. He was a member of the National Assembly (MP) for Paks (Tolna County Constituency II) between 1998 and 2014.

Tóth died on 4 December 2020 from COVID-19, aged 70.

References

1950 births
2020 deaths
Hungarian politicians
Hungarian engineers
Hungarian businesspeople
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in Hungary
James Odongo

James Odongo (27 March 1931 – 4 December 2020), was a Ugandan Roman Catholic prelate. He was bishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Tororo in Uganda, from 5 January 1985, until his retirement on 27 June 2007. Odongo was born in Tororo District, Uganda.

Odongo died on the morning of 4 December 2020 at the age of 89.

References

Other websites
Profile of Military Ordinariate of Uganda 
Profile of Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Tororo 

1931 births
2020 deaths
Ugandan people
Roman Catholic bishops
Belinda Bozzoli

Belinda Bozzoli  (17 December 1945 – 5 December 2020) was a South African author, academic, sociologist, and politician. She was Shadow Minister of Higher Education, Science and Technology from 2019 to 2020. She also was a Member of Parliament (MP) for the Democratic Alliance from 2014 to 2020. 

Bozzoli died from cancer on 5 December 2020.

References

2020 deaths
1945 births
South African politicians
South African writers
Deaths from cancer
Robert Castel

Robert Moyal (21 May 1933 – 5 December 2020), better known as Robert Castel, was an Algerian-born French actor and comedian. He was born in Algiers, Algeria. Castel was known for his roles in Georghiu in The Tall Blond Man with One Black Shoe (1972), Andre in Two Men in Town (1973) and as Trinita in Je suis timide mais je me soigne (1978). His career lasted from 1955 until 2016.

Castel died of a long-illness on 5 December 2020 in Paris at the age of 87.

References

1933 births
2020 deaths
French movie actors
French television actors
French stage actors
French comedians
People from Algiers
Ron Irwin

Ronald A. Irwin,  (October 29, 1936 – December 5, 2020) was a Canadian politician. He was born in Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario. He was a member of the Liberal Party. He was a member of the Canadian Parliament between 1980 to 1984 and again from 1993 to 1997. 

Irwin died on December 5, 2020 in Sault Ste. Marie at the age of 84.

References

1936 births
2020 deaths
Ambassadors of Canada
Politicians from Ontario
Henryk Kukier

Henryk Jerzy Kukier (1 January 1930 – 5 December 2020) was a Polish boxer. He was born in Lublin. He won the gold medal in the Flyweight class at the 1953 European Amateur Boxing Championships in Warsaw, and the bronze medal at the 1955 European Amateur Boxing Championships in West Berlin. He competed three times in the Summer Olympics (1952, 1956, 1960).

Kukier died on 5 December 2020, at the age of 90.

References

1930 births
2020 deaths
Polish Olympians
Boxers
Trader Horn

Trader Horn is a 1931 American romantic adventure movie directed by W. S. Van Dyke and was based on the novel of the same name by Alfred Aloysius Horn. It stars Harry Carey, Edwina Booth, Duncan Renaldo, C. Aubrey Smith and was distributed by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. It was nominated for an Academy Award in 1931 and was remade in 1973.

Other websites
 
 
 

1931 movies
1930s romance movies
1930s adventure movies
American romance movies
American adventure movies
MGM movies
Movies based on books
Movies directed by W. S. Van Dyke
Ildikó Pécsi

Ildikó Pécsi (21 May 1940 – 5 December 2020) was a Hungarian actress and politician. She appeared in more than one hundred movies from 1961 until 2008. She was a member of the National Assembly between 1994 to 1998. Pécsi was known for her roles in Tales of a Long Journey, A Strange Role and in Just like Home.

Pécsi died on 5 December 2020 in Budapest at the age of 80.

References

1940 births
2020 deaths
Hungarian movie actors
Hungarian politicians
Viktor Ponedelnik

Viktor Vladimirovich Ponedelnik (, 22 May 1937 in Rostov-on-Don – 5 December 2020) was a Russian footballer and manager. He played for the Soviet Union national team.

References

Other websites
Biography from the official website of the Russian national team 
Unofficial biography  

1937 births
2020 deaths
Soviet sportspeople
Russian footballers
Martin Sandoval

Martin A. Sandoval (January 12, 1964 – December 5, 2020) was a Democratic politician. He admitted guilt to corruption charges in 2020.  He was a member of the Illinois Senate from 2003 to 2020. Sandoval was born in Chicago.

On December 5, 2020, Sandoval died at a hospital in Chicago of COVID-19 at the age of 56.

References

1964 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States
State legislators of the United States
Politicians from Chicago
Criminals from Chicago
US Democratic Party politicians
Lactic acid bacteria

Lactic acid bacteria are bacteria which make lactic acid. This is an end product of carbohydrate fermentation. The bacteria change carbohydrates to lactic acid and energy. 

The bacteria are the order Lactobacillales.  Most of them are anaerobic: they do not need oxygen. Usually, they can live well in acidic environments. They are either rod-shaped, or spherical. They are found in decomposing plants and milk products. 

Lactic acid bacteria are important, and they are common. There are about 40 genera. Some species occur in the gut of animals, including humans. Several lactic acid bacteria are pathogens: they cause infectious diseases.

Lactic acid fermentation has been used since the Stone Age. It makes food last longer, and be easier to digest. Lactic acid fermentation is used in the production of cheese and yogurt.

Adult humans originally could not digest milk products. Then, all humans were lactose intolerant (as, for example, cats are after weaning). Lactase persistence is the phenotype where genes prolonging the activity of lactase beyond infancy. Humans are unusual in having lactase persistence. We know it evolved fairly recently (in the last 10,000 years) among some populations. Still, most people worldwide are lactase nonpersistent. They cannot digest lactose products after weaning. The evidence is that lactose persistence grew in human groups who herded cattle. To them it was a great advantage: they could digest milk throughout life.

References 

Bacteria
Digestive system
Genetics
Property Is No Longer a Theft

Property Is No Longer a Theft () is a 1973 Italian French comedy movie directed by Elio Petri and starring Ugo Tognazzi, Flavio Bucci, Daria Nicolodi, Salvo Randone, Mario Scaccia, Julien Guiomar, Jacques Herlin, Gigi Proietti.

Other websites

1973 comedy movies
Italian comedy movies
French comedy movies
Movies directed by Elio Petri
Rattan

Rattan (from the Malay rotan) is the name for about 600 species of old world climbing palms.

They belong to the subfamily Calamoideae. 

Rattan is also known as manila, or malacca, after the ports of Manila and Malacca City, and as manau (from the Malay rotan manau, the trade name for Calamus manan canes in Southeast Asia). 

The climbing habit comes with a flexible woody stem, got from a secondary growth. This makes rattan a liana rather than a normal or true wood. It grows much faster than most tropical wood. 

'Dragon's blood' is a red resin used in dyes, varnishes and incense. It can come from the fruit of a rattan.

References 

Wood
Arecaceae
Stucco

Stucco is a kind of plasterwork used to decorate ceilings and other parts of buildings. It is made of aggregates, binder and water. These days its main constituent is Portland cement, sand, inorganic lime (a hydroxide mineral, not the fruit) and water. It is applied wet and dries hard.

The same substance is often called plaster and sometimes mortar.  It has been used for hundreds of years in many cultures round the world.

Building materials
Group 10 element

Group 10 is a group of elements in the periodic table.

Group 10 has nickel (Ni), palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt) and darmstadtium (Ds).

Group 10 is in the transition metals section. It is worth noting that darmstadtium has unknown chemical properties, but is probably a transition metal.

Transition metals
Periodic table
Group 7 element

Group 7 is a group of elements in the periodic table.

Group 7 has manganese (Mn), technetium (Tc), rhenium (Re) and bohrium (Bh).

Group 7 is in the transition metals section.

Periodic table
Transition metals
Muslihan DS

Muslihan Diding Sutrisno (4 August 1946 – 6 December 2020) was an Indonesian military official and politician. He was born in Bengkulu, Indonesia. He was a member of the People's Conscience Party. DS was Regent of Rejang Lebong from 1994 to 1999 and of North Bengkulu from 2001 to 2006.

DS died on 6 December 2020 in Bengkulu of COVID-19 at the age of 74.

References

1946 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia
Indonesian politicians
Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series

The Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series is an award which is given every year by the Academy of Television Arts & Sciences (ATAS). It is given in honor of an actress who has delivered an outstanding performance in a leading role on a television drama series for the primetime network season.

The award was first given at the 6th Primetime Emmy Awards on February 11, 1954. Zendaya is the current and youngest recipient of the award. She received an award for her work on Euphoria.

Primetime Emmy Awards
Peter Alliss

Peter Alliss (28 February 1931 – 5 December 2020) was an English former professional golfer, television presenter, commentator, author and golf course designer. He was born in Berlin. In 2012 he was inducted into the World Golf Hall of Fame in the Lifetime Achievement category.

Between 1952 and 1969, Alliss won 20 professional tournaments, including three British PGA Championships, in 1957, 1962 and 1965. He had five top-10 finishes in the Open Championship.

Alliss played on eight Ryder Cup teams between 1953 and 1969 with a record of 10 wins, 15 losses and 5 halved matches. 

Allis died on 5 December 2020 at the age of 89.

References

1931 births
2020 deaths
English sports commentators
English television presenters
Golfers
Golf broadcasters
Writers from Berlin
Sportspeople from Berlin