cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Matriarchy

Matriarchy is a social organization where the mother or oldest female heads a family or social group. Descent and relationships are decided through the female line.

References 

Relationships
Sociology
Girl power

Girl power is a term used to say that girls are important. It became popular because of the Spice Girls' use of the term. It was also used by the band, Bikini Kill. The phrase is sometimes spelled "grrrl power". This is because of the Riot grrrl punk rock bands.

"Girl power" was also used by other bands in the early 1990s. One was a Welsh indie rock band Helen Love. Another was a south-east London punk rock band, Shampoo. They released an album and a single titled Girl Power in 1995.

References 

Feminism
Politics
Punk rock
Sex-positive feminism

Sex-positive feminism (or pro-sex feminism) is a movement. It began in the early 1980s. Many people in the movement think sexual freedom is an important part of women's freedom. Sex-positive feminism is often difficult to define.

Many authors, including Gayle Rubin, see the roots of sex-positive feminism in the work of sex workers and sex reformers.

References

Feminism
Politics
Aruküla

Aruküla is a small borough in Raasiku Parish, Harju County in north Estonia.

Raasiku Parish
Raasiku

Raasiku is a small borough in Raasiku Parish, Harju County in north Estonia.

Raasiku Parish
Härma, Harju County

Härma is a village in Raasiku Parish, Harju County in north Estonia.

Raasiku Parish
Settlements in Estonia
Igavere, Harju County

Igavere is a village in Raasiku Parish, Harju County in north Estonia.

Raasiku Parish
Settlements in Estonia
Järsi, Harju County

Järsi is a village in Raasiku Parish, Harju County in north Estonia.

Raasiku Parish
Settlements in Estonia
Kalesi

Kalesi is a village in Raasiku Parish, Harju County in north Estonia.

Raasiku Parish
Settlements in Estonia
Kiviloo

Kiviloo is a village in Raasiku Parish, Harju County in north Estonia.

Raasiku Parish
Settlements in Estonia
Kulli, Harju County

Kulli is a village in Raasiku Parish, Harju County in north Estonia.

Raasiku Parish
Settlements in Estonia
Kurgla

Kurgla is a village in Raasiku Parish, Harju County in north Estonia.

Raasiku Parish
Settlements in Estonia
Mallavere

Mallavere is a village in Raasiku Parish, Harju County in north Estonia.

Raasiku Parish
Settlements in Estonia
Peningi

Peningi is a village in Raasiku Parish, Harju County in north Estonia.

Raasiku Parish
Settlements in Estonia
Perila

Perila is a village in Raasiku Parish, Harju County in north Estonia.

Raasiku Parish
Settlements in Estonia
Pikavere, Harju County

Pikavere is a village in Raasiku Parish, Harju County in north Estonia.

Raasiku Parish
Settlements in Estonia
Rätla

Rätla is a village in Raasiku Parish, Harju County in north Estonia.

Raasiku Parish
Settlements in Estonia
Tõhelgi

Tõhelgi is a village in Raasiku Parish, Harju County in north Estonia.

Raasiku Parish
Settlements in Estonia
Chain pickerel

The chain pickerel (scientific name Esox niger), has a number of nicknames such as the Grass pickerel, Jack, and Eastern pickerel. The Chain pickerel is a freshwater game fish and the smallest member of the Esox (pike) family. They are native to Atlantic and Gulf Coast tributaries. Chain pickerel have been introduced into the Lakes Ontario and Erie drainages as well as other places. They are found in shallow weedy pools of lakes, streams and tidal and non-tidal rivers. They are ambush feeders who will strike at anything that swims near them. They feed mainly during daylight hours.

Physical description 

Chain pickerel has the same torpedo-like shape of the Muskellunge and Northern pike. They have different markings than either of their family members. They have a chain-like pattern of dark markings on a yellowish to greenish body. This pattern is what they were named for. Like other pike they have a forked tail fin and a long pointed head. Chain pickerel have a dark bar underneath each eye. The eye color is yellow or yellowish. They can live up to 10 years.

Habitat and forage 

In waters not shared with Northern pike or Muskies, Chain pickerel can be abundant. They prefer shallow weedy pools and submerged trees, limbs or man-made structures. These can be dock pilings, or riprap. Pickerel ambush their prey. They eat other fish, frogs, crayfish and small mammals. Young pickerel eat aquatic insects and small Crustacea. During the winter months the adult fish move to deeper water.

Spawning begins when water temperatures approach 50°F. Unlike others in the pike family, Chain pickerel eggs are sticky and ribbons of eggs stick to underwater weeds. Females lay up to 50,000 eggs. Unlike other fish, Chain pickerel do not remain to guard their young fry.

Angling 

Chain pickerel are not as popular as other game fish. A good number are caught by accident while fishing for other fish. But they are popular with ice fishermen in the winter. Chain pickerel are a very good fighting fish. Anyone hooking one is in for an exciting fight. They will attack a live minnow or any lure that resembles one. In Canada, Walleyes are called 'pickerel' which sometimes confuses identification. But a walleye and a pike are very different in appearance.

The world record for a chain pickerel is 9 pounds 6 ounces. It was caught in Georgia in 1961. Chain pickerel rarely grow longer than 36 inches.

References 

Teleosts
Freshwater fish
Jimmy C. Newman

Jimmy Yves Newman (August 29, 1927 – June 21, 2014), better known as Jimmy C. Newman (the C stands for Cajun), was an American singer and a long time star of the Grand Ole Opry. He was known for his songs "Cry Cry Darling" and "A Fallen Star".

Newman died of cancer in Nashville on June 21, 2014, aged 86.

References

1927 births
2014 deaths
Country musicians from Louisiana
American guitarists
Cancer deaths in the United States
Musicians from Louisiana
Singers from Louisiana
Walter Kieber

Walter Kieber (20 February 1931 – 21 June 2014) was a Liechtenstein politician. He was born in Feldkirch, Austria.

Kieber was the Prime Minister of Liechtenstein from 1974 to 1978. He was a member of the Progressive Citizens' Party.

He died on 21 June 2014 from prostate cancer in Vaduz, Liechtenstein, aged 83.

References

1931 births
2014 deaths
Deaths from prostate cancer
People from Vorarlberg
Prime Ministers of Liechtenstein
Markus Büchel

Markus Büchel (14 May 1959 – 9 July 2013) was a Liechtenstein politician.

He was in office from May to December 1993. He won the elections in 1993 as a candidate for the conservative FBP (Fortschrittliche Bürgerpartei) (Progressive Citizens' Party).

In 2002, he became Honorary Consul of Russia in Liechtenstein.

He died in 2013, aged 54 from a heart attack. He was survived by his wife, Elena and son David.

References

1959 births
2013 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Prime Ministers of Liechtenstein
Adrian Hasler

Adrian Hasler (born February 11, 1964) is a Liechtenstein politician. He was elected Prime Minister of Liechtenstein in 2013. He became the Prime Minister of Liechtenstein on March 27, 2013. He left office in March 2021.

References

Other websites
Adrian Hasler at the official website of the government of Liechtenstein.

1964 births
Living people
Prime Ministers of Liechtenstein
Slugterra: Ghoul From Beyond

Slugterra: Ghoul From Beyond is a 2014 Canadian animated television movie, by the Canadian animation studio Nerd Corps Entertainment Inc. and Disney XD Canada. The movie is based on Slugterra. It was released on March 30, 2014 on Disney XD in Canada, In June 10 2014 the movie made available only in United States on DVD by Shout! Factory as it was permiered in August 2014 in United States on Television on Disney XD.

Plot
There is a new threat in the 99 caverns of Slugterra. Eli and his friends come to the rescue. But they find something they have never seen before; a new kind of ghoul.

Cast
Sam Vincent as Eli Shane
Andrew Francis as Kord, Mongo
Lee Tockar as Pronto
Shannon Chan-Kent as Trixie
Brian Drummond as Boss Ember
Ian James Corlett as Straggus
Trevor Devall as The King of Sling
Brian Dobson as Dark Slinger
Michael Dobson as Millard

Release

Television 
The movie had originally first premiered on Disney XD in Canada and then internationally Disney XD Worldwide.

DVD 
On June 10, 2014, the movie became purchasable on DVD on Amazon the DVD comes including a short one minute episode called "Burpy and Friends take a Dive".

Review 
The movie received an okay review that it is okay for the family.

References

2014 movies
Canadian animated movies
List of heads of government of Liechtenstein

The office of Prime Minister of Liechtenstein is the highest and head of the government of Liechtenstein. They are elected every four years. The first Prime Minister of Liechtenstein was Josef Ospelt. The current Prime Minister is Daniel Risch.

Head of government

Provincial administrator (1861–1921)
The  () was the title of the head of government from 1861 to 1921.

Prime Minister (1921–present)
The  () is the current title for the head of government.

References

Other websites
World Statesmen - Liechtenstein
Samina (river)

The Samina also: Saminabach is a rapid river located in Liechtenstein and formed the Samina Valley in the course of time. It has a length of 17 km (Liechtenstein: 12 km, Austria: 5 km) and is the 2nd longest river of the principality. In the community area of Frastranz the river merges with the Ill. 

Rivers of Liechtenstein
Eschen

Eschen is a municipality in the north of Liechtenstein. As of 2005 it has a population of 4,150, and covers an area of .  It is the fourth largest city in Liechtenstein.

Other websites

Official Site

Cities in Liechtenstein
Municipalities of Liechtenstein
Gamprin

Gamprin is a city in Liechtenstein. It has a population of 1,524 people as of 2008.

References

Cities in Liechtenstein
Municipalities of Liechtenstein
Balzers

Balzers is a village and community in southern Liechtenstein. As of the 2005 census, it has a total population of 4,420. The main part of the village is along the east bank of the Rhine River.

Villages in Liechtenstein
Municipalities of Liechtenstein
Mauren

Mauren is a city of Liechtenstein. It has a population of 3,700 as of 2008.

History
It was first called "Muron" in 1178. It has a memorial to the Liechtenstein educator and historian Peter Kaiser (1793 – 1864).

References

Other websites

Official website
Liechtenstein Portal 

Cities in Liechtenstein
Municipalities of Liechtenstein
12th-century establishments in Europe
1178 establishments
Planken

Planken is a village in Liechtenstein. It has a population of 366 residents. It is the smallest and least populated village or area in the country.

References

Other websites

Official website

Villages in Liechtenstein
Municipalities of Liechtenstein
Ruggell

Ruggell is a village in Liechtenstein. As of 2008, the population was 1,932 residents. The geography of the village is mostly mountainous. It is near the international borders of Switzerland and Austria.

References

Other websites

 

Villages in Liechtenstein
Municipalities of Liechtenstein
Schaan

Schaan () is the largest city of Liechtenstein by population and area. It is located to the north of Vaduz, the capital, in the central part of the country. As of 2005 it has a population of 5,806. This makes it the largest district in Liechtenstein, and covers an area of 26.8 km², including mountains and forest.

References

Other websites

Cities in Liechtenstein
Municipalities of Liechtenstein
Schellenberg

Schellenberg is a city in the lowland area of Liechtenstein. It is on the banks of the Rhine River. As of 2005, it has a population of 952. It covers an area of 3.5 km2 (1.4 sq mi).

Cities in Liechtenstein
Municipalities of Liechtenstein
Triesen

Triesen is the third largest of Liechtenstein's cities. It has several historic churches dating from the fifteenth century. It also has a weaving mill from 1863 that is thought to be a historical monument. The population is around 4,950.

Cities in Liechtenstein
Municipalities of Liechtenstein
Triesenberg

Triesenberg is a city in Liechtenstein. It has a population of 2,564. Its area of 30 square kilometers makes it the one of the largest cities in Liechtenstein.

Cities in Liechtenstein
Municipalities of Liechtenstein
Franz Joseph II, Prince of Liechtenstein

Franz Joseph II, Prince of Liechtenstein (Franz Josef Maria Aloys Alfred Karl Johannes Heinrich Michael Georg Ignaz Benediktus Gerhardus Majella; 16 August 1906 – 13 November 1989) was the Prince of Liechtenstein from 1938 until his death.

Franz Joseph was the son of Prince Aloys of Liechtenstein and Archduchess Elisabeth Amalie of Austria. He succeeded his great-uncle, Prince Franz I, after his father renounced his right of succession in his favour in 1921.

Franz Joseph was the first ruling prince to live full-time in the principality. He also oversaw the economic development of Liechtenstein from a poor agricultural backwater into one of the richest countries (per capita) in the world.

1906 births
1989 deaths
Princes of Liechtenstein
Franz I, Prince of Liechtenstein

Franz I, Prince of Liechtenstein, born Franz de Paula Maria Karl August (28 August 1853 – 25 July 1938), was the Prince of Liechtenstein between 1929 and 1938. 

He was the son of Aloys II of Liechtenstein and his wife Countess Franziska Kinsky. Franz succeeded his older brother Johann II, as Prince of Liechtenstein on August 11, 1929. 

Franz I died on 25 July 1938, and was formally succeeded by his grandnephew, Franz Joseph II.

1853 births
1938 deaths
Princes of Liechtenstein
Liechtenstein national ice hockey team

The Liechtenstein national ice hockey team is the national ice hockey team of Liechtenstein. It is a member of the International Ice Hockey Federation.

References

Ice hockey
National ice hockey teams
Hans-Adam II, Prince of Liechtenstein

Hans-Adam II (Johannes (Hans) Adam Ferdinand Alois Josef Maria Marko d'Aviano Pius Fürst von und zu Liechtenstein; born 14 February 1945), is the reigning Prince (Fürst) of Liechtenstein. He is the son of Franz Joseph II, Prince (Fürst) of Liechtenstein (1906–1989) and his wife Countess Georgina von Wilczek (1921–1989).

Titles, styles and honours

Titles and styles
 14 February 1945 – 13 November 1989: His Serene Highness The Hereditary Prince of Liechtenstein
 13 November 1989 – present: His Serene Highness The Prince of Liechtenstein

The official title of the Prince is Fürst von und zu Liechtenstein, Herzog von Troppau und Jägerndorf, Graf zu Rietberg, Regierer des Hauses von und zu Liechtenstein. (Prince of and at Liechtenstein, Duke of Troppau and Jägerndorf, Count at Rietberg, Sovereign of the House of and at Liechtenstein). There is a distinction between the German titles of a reigning Fürst and non-reigning descendants of a Fürst who are titled Prinz.

Honours and awards

National honours
 : Sovereign Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Principality of Liechtenstein, Grand Star
 : Sovereign Recipient of the 70th Birthday Medal of Prince Franz Joseph II

Foreign honours
 Austria
  Austrian-Hungarian Imperial and Royal family: 1,305th Knight with Collar of the Order of the Golden Fleece
 : Grand Cross of the Decoration of Honour for Services to the Republic of Austria, Grand Star
  Bavarian Royal Family: Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Saint Hubert

Awards
 :  Honorary degree of the University of Innsbruck
 : Honorary degree of the Babeș-Bolyai University

Ancestry

References

Other websites

2004: Royal power handover – Prince Alois says democracy still strong Real Audio sound file from the BBC.

1945 births
Living people
Princes of Liechtenstein
Current national leaders
Alois, Hereditary Prince of Liechtenstein

Alois Philipp Maria, Hereditary Prince of Liechtenstein, Count Rietberg (born 11 June 1968), is the eldest son of Hans Adam II, Prince of Liechtenstein, and Countess Marie Aglaë Kinsky of Wchinitz and Tettau. Alois has been regent of Liechtenstein () since 15 August 2004. He is married to Duchess Sophie of Bavaria.

References

1968 births
Living people
Princes of Liechtenstein
Peter Kaiser

Peter Kaiser (1 October 1793 – 23 February 1864) was a Liechtenstein historian and politician. He was known for being a great educator and for helping educate the poor of Liechtenstein. He statue of him is in Mauren. He was born in Mauren.

Kaiser died in Chur, Switzerland, aged 70.

1793 births
1864 deaths
Liechtenstein people
Educators
Historians
Civil servants
Flag of Liechtenstein

The flag of Liechtenstein () shows two equal horizontal bands of blue (top) and red with a gold crown on the left side of the blue band. The colors are likely to have been added to represent the Principality's royal household in the eighteenth century.

References

Liechtenstein
Liechtenstein
Mamou, Louisiana

Mamou is a town in Evangeline Parish, Louisiana, United States. The population was 3,566 at the 2000 census.

Towns in Louisiana
Stanford, California

Stanford is a census-designated place (CDP) in Santa Clara County, California, United States and is the home of Stanford University. The population was 13,809 at the 2010 census, with a daily population of 35,000.

References

Census-designated places in California
Settlements in Santa Clara County, California
Cities in the San Francisco Bay Area
Portsmouth, New Hampshire

Portsmouth is a city in Rockingham County, New Hampshire, in the United States. It is the only city in the county, but only the fourth-largest community. It has a population of 21,233 at the 2010 census.

References

Cities in New Hampshire
Alan Moller

Alan Roger Moller (February 1, 1950 – June 19, 2014) was an American meteorologist, storm chaser, nature and landscape photographer. He was known for advancing spotter training and bridging operational meteorology (particularly severe storms forecasting) with research.

Moller died in Fort Worth, Texas from Alzheimer's disease, aged 64.

References

Other websites
 

1950 births
2014 deaths
Deaths from Alzheimer's disease
American meteorologists
American photographers
People from Fort Worth, Texas
Scientists from Texas
Elsie Quarterman

Elsie Quarterman (November 28, 1910 – June 9, 2014) was an American plant ecologist. She was a Professor Emerita at Vanderbilt University. She is known for her work on the ecology of Tennessee cedar glades.

Quarterman was born on November 28, 1910 in Valdosta, Georgia. She earned a B.A. from Georgia State Women's College (now Valdosta State University) in 1932 and earned an M.A. in botany from Duke University in 1943.

She died on June 9, 2014, at the age of 103.

Related pages
List of ecologists

References

1910 births
2014 deaths
American academics
American centenarians
Ecologists
Scientists from Georgia (U.S. state)
Valdosta, Georgia
Educators from Georgia (US)
Valdosta, Georgia

Valdosta is the county seat of Lowndes County, Georgia, United States. As of the 2010 Census, Valdosta has a total population of 54,518, and is the 14th largest city in Georgia.

References

 
County seats in Georgia
Joan Plowright

Dame Joan Ann Plowright, Baroness Olivier DBE (born 28 October 1929), is an English actress. Her career has spanned over sixty years. She has won two Golden Globe Awards and a Tony Award and has been nominated for an Academy Award, an Emmy and two BAFTA Awards. She was married to the actor Laurence Olivier from 1961 until his death in 1989.

References

Other websites

1929 births
Living people
Actors from Lincolnshire
English movie actors
English stage actors
English television actors
English voice actors
Golden Globe Award winning actors
Tony Award winning actors
Curious George

Curious George is the main character of a series of popular children's books by the same name. It was written by Hans Augusto Rey and Margret Rey. The books feature a curious brown monkey named George, who is brought from his home in Africa by "The Man with The Yellow Hat" to live with him in a big city.

Children's books
H. A. Rey

Hans Augusto Rey (September 16, 1898 – August 26, 1977) was an illustrator and a writer. He was best known for the Curious George series of children's picture books that he and his wife Margret Rey created from 1939 to 1966.

References

1898 births
1977 deaths
German children's writers
Naturalized citizens of the United States
Writers from Hamburg
Margret Rey

Margret Elizabeth Rey (May 16, 1906 – December 21, 1996) was a German-American writer and illustrator of Jewish descent. 

She was known best for the Curious George series of children's picture books that she and her husband H. A. Rey created from 1939 to 1966.  She met her husband Hans Augusto Rey in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil while attempting to escape Nazism.

References

1906 births
1996 deaths
American illustrators
Jewish American writers
Jewish German writers
Naturalized citizens of the United States
People from Hamburg
Refugees from Nazism
Writers from Massachusetts
Curious George (book)

Curious George is a children's book written and illustrated by Margret Rey and H. A. Rey, and published by Houghton Mifflin in 1941. It is the first book in the Curious George series and tells the story of a monkey called George and his adventures with the Man with the Yellow Hat.

References

Children's books
Ed O'Ross

Ed O'Ross (born July 4, 1946) is an American actor. He is best known for playing Itchy in Dick Tracy, ruthless Georgian mobster Viktor Rostavili in Red Heat, and tough-then-alien-possessed police detective Cliff Willis in The Hidden.

O'Ross was born Edward Oross in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania,

References

Other websites

 
 

1946 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American voice actors
Actors from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Michael Kelly

Michael Joseph Kelly (born May 22, 1969) is an American actor. 

He is best known for his roles in movies such as Changeling, Dawn Of The Dead, Law Abiding Citizen, The Adjustment Bureau, and Chronicle, Now You See Me. He also appeared in the television miniseries Generation Kill and the Criminal Minds spin-off series Criminal Minds: Suspect Behavior. 

He currently plays Doug Stamper in the American adaptation of House of Cards.

References

Other websites

1969 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
Actors from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Carla Gugino

Carla Gugino (born August 29, 1971) is an American actress. She is known for her roles in Spy Kids, Sin City, Watchmen, Son in Law, and in Night at the Museum.

References

Other websites

 
 

1971 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
Actors from Florida
People from Sarasota, Florida
American Gigolo

American Gigolo is a 1980 American crime drama movie. It is about a male escort in Los Angeles whose job pays for expensive cars, cocaine and clothing. Richard Gere plays Julian. Lauren Hutton plays Michelle.

This movie was released on February 8, 1980.

1980 crime movies
1980 drama movies
1980s crime drama movies
1980s erotic movies
American crime drama movies
American erotic movies
Movies about prostitution
Movies set in Los Angeles
Murder in movies
Narcissism in fiction
1980 mystery movies
American crime movies
American mystery movies
American romance movies
American thriller movies
Movies about sexuality
Paramount Pictures movies
Movies directed by Paul Schrader
Lena Olin

Lena Olin (born 22 March 1955) is a Swedish actress. She played Josephine in Chocolat. She also played Ruby in Hollywood Homicide.

Olin was born in Stockholm.

References

Other websites 

Swedish television actors
Swedish movie actors
1955 births
Living people
The Unbearable Lightness of Being (movie)

The Unbearable Lightness of Being is a 1988 American erotic romantic drama movie. It is based on the novel of the same name. The movie is set in 1968 in Prague and Switzerland. Daniel Day-Lewis plays brain surgeon Tomas. Lena Olin plays Sabina. Juliette Binoche plays Tereza.

This movie was released in February 1988.

1988 drama movies
1988 romance movies
1980s erotic movies
1980s romantic drama movies
American erotic movies
American romantic drama movies
Movies based on books
Movies set in the 1960s
Prague
Swiss culture
Movies directed by Philip Kaufman
Warner Bros. movies
Movies set in Czech Republic
Movies set in the 1960s
La Grande, Oregon

La Grande is a city in Union County, Oregon. It was originally named "Brownsville," it was forced to change its name due to that name already being used for a city in Linn County. The population was 13,082 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Union County.

References

Cities in Oregon
County seats in Oregon
Maps to the Stars

Maps to the Stars is a 2014 satirical and drama movie. This movie is about two former child stars and about the relationship of the entertainment industry with western civilization as a whole. Havana is played by Julianne Moore. Dr. Stafford is played by John Cusack.

The movie received mostly positive reviews from critics, and performances from the cast were praised. It was released in May 2014.

Canadian drama movies
2014 drama movies
Pendleton, Oregon

Pendleton is a city in Umatilla County, Oregon. The population was 16,612 at the 2010 census. The city is the county seat of Umatilla County.

Cities in Oregon
County seats in Oregon
Leo Sharp

Leonard Sharp (May 7, 1924 – December 12, 2016) was an American World War II veteran and notorious drug courier, or "mule". He transported drugs, mostly cocaine, across the United States, mostly to and from the southern US border and Detroit, Michigan. He allegedly transported more than 1,000 pounds of cocaine during his years of dealing.

Notoriety 
He widely considered by the Sinola cartel and DEA authorities as an urban legend in Detroit until his arrest in 2013. He pleaded not guilty in October 2013 and was sentenced to three years in prison in May 2014. Sharp was the oldest drug mule in the World. He was released from prison in 2015 due to poor health.

Personal life 
Sharp was born in Michigan City, Indiana. He was raised in Detroit, Michigan. He fought in World War II and received a Bronze Star Medal for his service. 

Sharp had dementia. He died of the natural causes related to the disease on December 12, 2016 in Michigan at the age of 92.

The 2018 movie The Mule is based on Sharp's life, with Clint Eastwood playing "Earl Stone" (based on Sharp).

References

Other websites
 Drug mule, 90, gets 3 years for hauling cocaine, seeks to delay imprisonment

1924 births
2016 deaths
Deaths from dementia
Disease-related deaths in Michigan
American people of World War II
Criminals from Indiana
Criminals from Michigan
Drug dealers
People from Detroit, Michigan
People from Indiana
Peter Cullen

Peter Claver Cullen (born July 28, 1941) is a Canadian voice actor. He is known for making the voice of Optimus Prime in the Transformers television series and in the four movies of the Transformers movie series. He is also known for making the voice of Eeyore in Winnie the Pooh.

Filmography

Television

Film

Video games

References

Other websites
 
 

1941 births
Living people
Actors from Montreal
Canadian movie actors
Canadian television actors
Canadian voice actors
Alice Pung

Alice Pung (born 1981) is an Australian writer, editor, lawyer and educator. She is best known for writing the memoir Unpolished Gem and editing the anthology Growing Up Asian in Australia.

Pung was born in Footscray, Victoria and raised in Braybrook. Her parents were Taiwanese immigrants living in Cambodia. They fled to Australia during Pol Pot's Khmer Rouge regime in 1980. She was born one month after the event. She is the oldest of four siblings.

References

Other websites 
 

1981 births
Living people
Australian educators
Australian lawyers
Australian novelists
Writers from Victoria (Australia)
Tidal locking

Tidal locking (or captured rotation) is when one side of an astronomical body always faces another. It is also called synchronous rotation. The classic example is the Moon: the same side of the Moon always faces the Earth. 

A tidally locked body takes just as long to rotate around its own axis as it does to revolve around its partner. This makes one hemisphere constantly face the partner body. Usually, at any given time only the satellite is tidally locked around the larger body. If the two bodies are similar in mass, and their distance apart is small, the tidal force will lock each to the other. This is the case between Pluto and Charon. 

If the Moon were not spinning at all, it would alternately show its near and far sides to Earth, while moving around Earth in orbit.

It is possible to work out how long it takes for a particular case of tidal locking to occur. It is just a rough estimate, because some factors are poorly known. An example is the rigidity of a planetary body and its change in shape under tidal force. Tidal locking is an aspect of orbital resonance.

List of known tidally locked bodies

Solar System 
Locked to the Earth
 Moon

Locked to Mars
 Phobos
 Deimos

Locked to Jupiter
 Metis
 Adrastea
 Amalthea
 Thebe
 Io
 Europa
 Ganymede
 Callisto

Locked to Saturn
 Ymir

 Pan
 Atlas
 Prometheus
 Pandora
 Epimetheus
 Janus
 Mimas
 Enceladus
 Telesto
 Tethys
 Calypso
 Dione
 Rhea
 Titan
 Iapetus

Locked to Uranus
 Miranda
 Ariel
 Umbriel
 Titania
 Oberon

Locked to Neptune
 Proteus
 Triton

Locked to Pluto
 Charon (Pluto is itself locked to Charon)

Extra-solar 
 Tau Boötis is known to be locked to the close-orbiting giant planet Tau Boötis b.

Libration 

Libration is an oscillating motion of orbiting bodies relative to each other. Examples include the motion of the Moon relative to Earth, or of Trojan asteroids relative to planets.

The Moon generally has one hemisphere facing the Earth, due to tidal locking. Therefore, our first view of the far side of the Moon resulted from lunar exploration in the 1960s. 

However, this simple picture is only approximately true: over time, slightly more than half (about 59%) of the Moon's surface is seen from Earth due to libration.

Libration is a slow rocking back and forth of the Moon as viewed from Earth, permitting an observer to see slightly different halves  of the surface at different times.

References 

Orbits
Horsehead nebula

The Horsehead nebula (also known as Barnard 33) is a dark nebula in the constellation Orion. 
The nebula is part of the much larger Orion complex. The nebula is located just to the south of the star Alnitak. Alniak is the farthest east on Orion's Belt. It is part of the much larger Orion Molecular Cloud Complex.

Early history
The nebula was first recorded in 1888 by Scottish astronomer Williamina Fleming. It was recorded on photographic plate B2312 taken at the Harvard College Observatory. The Horsehead Nebula is about 1500 light years from Earth. It is one of the most known nebulae because of its shape when seen from Earth.

Composition of the nebula
The dark cloud of dust and gas is a region in the Orion nebula where star formation is taking place. The nebula contains over 100 known organic and inorganic gases. It also consists of large and complex organic molecules.

The red or pinkish glow comes from hydrogen gas behind the nebula.  Magnetic fields channel the gases leaving the nebula into streams that show as streaks in the background glow. A glowing strip of hydrogen gas marks the edge of the massive cloud. Thee densities of stars are different on either side. 

The darkness of the Horsehead is caused by thick dust blocking the light of stars behind it. The lower part of the Horsehead's neck casts a shadow to the left. Bright spots in the Horsehead Nebula's base are young stars just in the process of forming.

References

Other websites

 The Horsehead Nebula @ The Electronic Sky
 The discovery of early photographs of the Horsehead nebula, by Waldee and Hazen
 The Horsehead Nebula in the 19th Century, by Waldee 
 Horsehead Nebula at ESA/Hubble 
 The Horsehead Nebula at the Astro-Photography site of Mr. T. Yoshida.
 The Horsehead Nebula at Constellation Guide

Nebulae
Louise Élisabeth de Bourbon

Louise Élisabeth de Bourbon (Louise Élisabeth; 22 November 1693–27 May 1775) was a daughter of Louis de Bourbon, Prince of Condé, and his wife, Louise Françoise de Bourbon, herself an illegitimate daughter of Louis XIV of France and Madame de Montespan.

She was the wife of Louis Armand de Bourbon. She was the Princess of Conti by marriage. It was Louise Élisabeth who presented Madame de Pompadour to the court of Louis XV; she also built the Hôtel de Brienne, present seat of the French Ministry of Defence. Louise Élisabeth was the Duchess of Étampes in her own right, having succeeded to the title at the death of her aunt Marie Anne de Bourbon.

Biography

Louise Élisabeth was born on 22 November 1693, at the Palace of Versailles. She was a princesse du sang. In youth, she was known at court as Mademoiselle de Charolais, a style later borne by her younger sister. Her parents' second daughter, and third child, she was one of nine children:

Marie Éléonore Gabrielle (22 December 1690 – 30 August 1760)
Louis Henri (18 August 1692 – 27 January 1740)
Louise Anne (23 June 1695 – 8 April 1758)
Marie Anne  (16 October 1697 – 11 August 1741)
Charles, Count of Charolais (19 June 1700 – 23 July 1760)
Henriette Louise de Bourbon (15 January 1703 – 19 September 1772)
Élisabeth Alexandrine (15 September 1705 – 15 April 1765)
Louis, Count of Clermont (15 June 1709 – 16 June 1771)

She was baptised in the chapel of Versailles on 24 November 1698 with her brother Louis Henri and her sister Louise Anne.

Marriage

The first years of her marriage were full of court cases at the Parlement de Paris against her husband due to his violent temper and her desire to leave him.

Children
 Louis de Bourbon, Count of La Marche (28 March 1715 - 1 August 1717) died young. 
 Louis François de Bourbon, Prince of Conti (13 August 1717 - 2 August 1776) married Louise Diane d'Orléans and had issue.
 Louis Armand de Bourbon, Duke of Mercœur (19 August 1720 - 13 May 1722) died young. 
 Charles de Bourbon, Count of Alais (5 February 1722- 7 August 1730) died young. 
 Louise Henriette de Bourbon (20 June 1726 –9 February 1759) married Louis Philippe d'Orléans of and had issue.

Titles and styles

22 November 1693 – 9 July 1713 Her Serene Highness  Mademoiselle de Condé 
9 July 1713 – 4 May 1727 Her Serene Highness the Princess of Conti
4 May 1727 – 27 May 1775 Her Serene Highness the Dowager Princess of Conti (Madame la princesse de Conti Douairière or Madame la Princesse de Conti troisième/dernière douairière)

References

1693 births
1775 deaths
People from Versailles
House of Bourbon
Princes and princesses
Lufkin, Texas

Lufkin is a city in Texas.

Geography
Lufkin is located at  (31.336874, -94.730374).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which  is land and , or 0.83%, is water.

Lufkin is at the crossroads of East Texas at the intersections of Highways US 59, future Interstate 69, which leads to Houston and the Rio Grande Valley to the south and Nacogdoches and Texarkana to the north, and US 69, which leads from the Golden Triangle of southeast Texas (Port Arthur and Beaumont) to points such as Jacksonville, Tyler, Dallas, and Oklahoma to the north.

Climate

 On average, the warmest month is August.
 The highest recorded temperature was 110 °F in 1909.
 On average, the coolest month is January.
 The lowest recorded temperature was -2 °F in 1930.
 The maximum average precipitation occurs in May.

Regional cities and their distance from Ruston, Louisiana include:

References

Ark-La-Tex
Cities in Texas
County seats in Texas
Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin

Cecilia Helena Payne-Gaposchkin (May 10, 1900 – December 7, 1979) was a British-American astronomer and astrophysicist.

Early life
Payne was born in Wendover, England. In 1919, she won a scholarship to Newnham College, Cambridge University. She studied  botany, physics, and chemistry. She was not given a degree because women were not given degrees by Cambridge until 1948. In 1923 she moved to the United States. She became an American citizen in 1931.

Personal life
In 1933, she met Russian-born astrophysicist Sergei I. Gaposchkin in Germany. She married him in 1934.

1900 births
1979 deaths
American astrophysicists
American astronomers
British astronomers
People from Buckinghamshire
Naturalized citizens of the United States
British astrophysicists
Samira Wiley

Samira Denise Wiley (born April 15, 1987) is an American actress. She is an African American who was born in Washington, D.C.. She studied drama at the Juilliard School in New York. She plays Poussey Washington in the Netflix series Orange Is the New Black. In between seasons of Orange Is the New Black, Wiley filmed Rob the Mob.

Other websites 

20th-century births
Actors from Washington, D.C.
African American actors
American movie actors
American television actors
Living people
1987 births
Carter G. Woodson

Carter Godwin Woodson (December 19, 1875 – April 3, 1950) was an African-American historian. Woodson was one of the first scholars to study African-American history. He started the Journal of Negro History.

Woodson was born to James and Eliza Riddle Woodson in Buckingham County, Virginia. He was a famous African-American historian, journalist, author, and founder of the Association for the Study of African American Life and History.

1875 births
1950 deaths
American historians
African-American people
Rodney Alcala

Rodney James Alcala (born Rodrigo Jacques Alcala Buquor; August 23, 1943 – July 24, 2021) was an American rapist and serial killer. 

When he was 17, Alcala joined the army. In 1964, he was discharged and was diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder. In 1968, he gained a bachelor's degree from UCLA. He committed five murders in California from 1977 to 1979. He was sentenced to death in 2010. He was given an extra sentence of 25 years to life after he pled guilty to two homicides in New York which took place in 1971 and 1977.

Alcala was sometimes called the "Dating Game Killer". During the middle of his murder spree, he appeared on the show in 1978 and won.

Alcala died of natural causes on July 24, 2021 in Corcoran, California at the age of 77.

References

Other websites
 Crime Library: Extreme Serial Killer

1943 births
2021 deaths
American kidnappers
American people convicted of assault
American prisoners sentenced to death
American rapists
American serial killers
Criminals from Texas
People from San Antonio, Texas
People with antisocial personality disorder
People who died in prison custody in the United States
Deaths from natural causes in the United States
WrestleMania XII

WrestleMania XII was a professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event made by the World Wrestling Federation (WWF). It was held on March 31, 1996 at the Arrowhead Pond in Anaheim, California. It was the twelfth WrestleMania event held by the WWF.

Matches

References

Other websites
Official WrestleMania XII website

1996 in professional wrestling
Sports in California
WrestleMania
1996 in California
March events
WrestleMania XI

WrestleMania XI was a professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event made by the World Wrestling Federation (WWF). It was held on April 2, 1995 at the Hartford Civic Center in Hartford, Connecticut. It was the eleventh WrestleMania event held by the WWF. WrestleMania XI was met with mixed reviews and has been called both the worst WrestleMania of all time and the event that saved the WWF.

Matches

References

Other websites
Official WrestleMania XI website

1995 in professional wrestling
History of Hartford, Connecticut
WrestleMania
20th century in Connecticut
Sports in Hartford, Connecticut
Małgorzata Braunek

Małgorzata Braunek (30 January 1947 – 23 June 2014) was a Polish actress of movies and stage. She won a Best Supporting Actress Award at the Polish Film Awards for her role in Tulipany (2004). She also had roles in movies such as The Third Part of the Night (1971), The Devil (1972) and The Deluge (1974).

Braunek was born in Szamotuły. She graduated from the Ludwik Solski Academy for the Dramatic Arts, Warsaw in 1969. She was married to movie director Andrzej Żuławski. They had a son actor and movie producer, Xawery Żuławski (1971). She was a follower and teacher of Zen Buddhism.

Braunek died from cancer on 23 June 2014, aged 67. She died in either Warsaw or Frankfurt, Germany.

References

Other websites

 
 Małgorzata Braunek at culture.pl

1947 births
2014 deaths
Buddhists
Cancer deaths in Germany
Disease-related deaths in Poland
Polish movie actors
Polish stage actors
Polish television actors
Peter Greste

Peter Greste (born 1 December 1965) is a Latvian-Australian journalist. He is best known for his work as a foreign correspondent. From 1991 to 1995, he was based in the United Kingdom, Bosnia and South Africa. During this time, he worked for Reuters, CNN, WTN and the BBC. He eventually worked for Al Jazeera. In May 2012, he won a Peabody Award for his work on the documentary Somalia: Land of Anarchy.

Greste was born in Sydney, New South Wales. Greste's ethnicity is Latvian. He is a dual citizen of Australia and Latvia.

On 29 December 2013, he and other Al Jazeera journalists were arrested in Cairo, Egypt by authorities on terrorism charges relating to the Muslim Brotherhood. On 23 June 2014, Greste was found guilty by the court, and sentenced to seven years jail. United States Secretary of State John Kerry and Australian officials were quick to show support for the jailed journalists.

On 2 February 2015, Greste was released from prison and made to leave Egypt. This was ordered by the President of Egypt, Abdel Fattah al-Sisi, because of a new law which lets the government deport foreign prisoners.

References

Other websites
 

1965 births
Latvian writers
Australian criminals
Australian journalists
Australian prisoners
BBC people
Living people
Peabody Award winners
Writers from Sydney
Orion complex

The Orion complex (sometimes called the Orion  molecular cloud complex) is a huge star-forming area in the constellation of Orion.  

It is a large group of bright nebulae, dark clouds, and young star clusters. The cloud is between 1,500 and 1,600 light-years away and is hundreds of light-years across. Several parts of the nebula can be seen through binoculars and small telescopes. Some parts (such as the Orion nebula) are visible to the naked eye.

The nebula is important because of its sheer size. It is also one of the most active regions of stellar formation that can be seen in the night sky. In it are protoplanetary discs and many very young stars.  The nebula is very bright in the infrared wavelengths due to the heat-intensive processes involved in star formation. The complex contains dark nebulae, emission nebulae, reflection nebulae, and HII regions.

Nebulae in the complex 

The following is a list of notable nebulae in the larger nebula complex:
 The Orion nebula, also known as M42
 M43, which is part of the Orion Nebula
 IC 434, which contains the Horsehead Nebula
 The Horsehead nebula
 Barnard's Loop
 M78, a reflection nebula
 NGC 1999
 NGC 2175
 NGC 2174
 Various Orion molecular clouds
 Flame nebula (NGC 2024)

Also the Orion OB1 Association is part of this complex. This is a group of several dozen hot giant stars of spectral types O and B. These are blue  and blue-white stars.

References

Other websites
Orion Cloud Complex
SEDS website
Clickable table of Messier Objects 
Orion images 

Astronomical objects
Super star clusters
Menemen

Menemen is a district of İzmir Province in Turkey. It is also the name of a town in that district.

References 

Districts of Turkey
Sara Widén

Sara Kristina Widén (9 May 1981 – 13 June 2014) was a Swedish opera singer (soprano). From 2013 until her death, she was starring in productions by the Royal Swedish Opera.

Widén was born in Halmstad, Halland County. Her younger brother Jacob Widén (born 1983) is a member of the punk rock band Neverstore.

Widén died from cancer on 13 June 2014 in Stockholm, aged 33.

References

Other websites

 
 

1981 births
2014 deaths
Cancer deaths in Sweden
Sopranos
Swedish singers
Hannover Hauptbahnhof

Hannover Hauptbahnhof (German for Hanover main station) is the main railway station of the German city of Hanover, Lower Saxony. It is the most important transportation service in the city. Each day, 250,000 people use the station.

It is served by local, regional and long-distance trains. It has 12 tracks on 6 platforms.

Hanover Central railway station was opened in 1843, and the new building in 1879.

The statue in front of the main building is showing Ernest Augustus, King of Hanover, riding a horse.

References

Other websites 

1843 establishments in Europe
1879 establishments in Europe
1840s establishments in Germany
Buildings and structures in Lower Saxony
Hanover
Railway stations in Germany
1870s establishments in Germany
Auferstanden aus Ruinen

Auferstanden aus Ruinen (German for Risen from Ruins) was the national anthem of East Germany.

History 

In 1949, the Soviet occupation zone of Allied Occupied Germany became a country that was called East Germany. For the anthem, the poet Johannes R. Becher wrote the lyrics. The composer Hanns Eisler wrote the melody.

Lyrics

References 

National anthems
Mario Götze

Mario Götze (born 3 June 1992 in Memmingen) is a German footballer. He plays as a midfielder for PSV Eindhoven and the Germany national football team. He was part of Germany's 2014 FIFA World Cup squad. He is considered one of Germany's best talents. He scored the winning goal of the 2014 FIFA World Cup final against Argentina.

International

International statistics

International goals 

 Scores and results table. Germany's goal tally first:

Honours

Club 
 Borussia Dortmund
 Bundesliga: 2010–11, 2011–12
 DFB-Pokal: 2011–12, 2016–17
 DFL-Supercup: 2019

 Bayern Munich
 Bundesliga: 2013–14, 2014–15, 2015–16
 DFB-Pokal: 2013–14, 2015–16
 UEFA Super Cup: 2013
 FIFA Club World Cup: 2013

International 

 Germany
 FIFA World Cup: 2014
 UEFA European Under-17 Championship: 2009

Individual 

 UEFA European Under-17 Football Championship Golden Player: 2009
 UEFA European Under-17 Football Championship Team of the tournament: 2009 
 Fritz Walter Medal: U17 Gold Medal 2009
 Fritz Walter Medal: U18 Gold Medal 2010
 Bundesliga Young Player of the Year: 2010–11
 kicker Bundesliga Team of the Season: 2010–11, 2012–13
 Tuttosport Golden Boy: 2011
 Goal of the Month (Germany): July 2014
 Goal of the Year (Germany): 2014
 Silbernes Lorbeerblatt: 2014

References

1992 births
Living people
2014 FIFA World Cup players
German footballers
Borussia Dortmund squad
Sportspeople from Bavaria
Ron-Robert Zieler

Ron-Robert Zieler (born 12 February 1989 in Cologne) is a German association football goalkeeper that plays for VfB Stuttgart and the Germany national football team. He was part of Germany's 2014 FIFA World Cup squad.

1989 births
Living people
2014 FIFA World Cup players
German association football goalkeepers
People from Cologne
Sportspeople from North Rhine-Westphalia
André Schürrle

André Schürrle (born in Ludwigshafen, Germany on 6 November 1990) is a German association football forward that plays for Chelsea and the Germany national football team. He was part of Germany's 2014 FIFA World Cup squad. He began his career at 1. FSV Mainz 05, then went to Bayer 04 Leverkusen. His performances at that club got Chelsea interested in him, and in 2013 he was sold to Chelsea for £18 million.

References 

1990 births
Living people
2014 FIFA World Cup players
German footballers
Borussia Dortmund squad
People from Ludwigshafen
Sportspeople from Rhineland-Palatinate
Erik Durm

Erik Durm (born 12 May 1992 in Pirmasens) is a German association football defender (football) that plays for Borussia Dortmund and the Germany national football team. He was part of Germany's 2014 FIFA World Cup squad. He made his first appearance for Germany in their draw against Cameroon on 1 June 2014.

Other websites 
 fussballdaten.de

1992 births
Living people
2014 FIFA World Cup players
German footballers
Sportspeople from Rhineland-Palatinate
Christoph Kramer

Christoph Kramer (born in Solingen, Germany on 19 February 1991) is a German football defender (football) who plays for Borussia Mönchengladbach and the Germany national football team. He was part of Germany's 2014 FIFA World Cup squad. He made his first appearance for Germany in their draw against Poland on 13 May 2014.

Other websites 
 fussballdaten.de

1991 births
Living people
2014 FIFA World Cup players
German footballers
People from Solingen
Sportspeople from North Rhine-Westphalia