cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Stroller

A stroller (Canada & U.S.A.)  or pram (U.K) is a hand-pushed vehicle to carry babies and young infants. More general terms include child carrier, baby transport or baby carrier.

Types of stroller  
There are several different types of strollers:
 Standard strollers - also called full-size or regular strollers, are usually designed to allow babies to lie on their backs for the first few months. Some are are designed to hold infant car seats for when the baby is older. They are usually built with enclosed sides or some type of containment. Some baby strollers  may have features to stop babies from slipping through leg openings.
 Jogging strollers - are for serious runners. Using lightweight-frames and air-filled tires, a jogging stroller provides a smooth ride for a child on nearly any surface.
 Travel systems - include an infant car seat and a toddler stroller in a single system. The infant car seat can be used for car journeys and clicks into the toddler stroller base. Once the child has outgrown the infant seat, the toddler stroller can be used by itself.
 Tandem or double strollers - can hold two children. In tandem designs, one child sits in back of the other, making it easier to maneuver through stores or crowds because a tandem is the same width as a single stroller.
 Lightweight strollers or umbrella strollers - are not equipped with much padding and at times not very modifiable; however, they are normally cheaper. Lightweight strollers are best suited for toddlers and older babies, or children who are one year old and older. They are not suitable for babies because they have little head support and do not recline completely.
 Side by side double stroller - holds two children. In side-by-side design, the children are sitting side by side.

References

Children
Human-powered vehicles
Safety
Bomberman Land Touch!

Bomberman Land Touch! (Touch! Bomberman Land DS in Japan) is a Puzzle/Mini-game collection video game made by Hudson Soft and published by Hudson Soft, Atlus, Rising Star Games, Red Ant Enterprises, and Nintendo in many different places for the Nintendo DS game console.

Other websites
 Official English page 
 European page 
 Official page  at Hudson Soft's Japan Website
 Nintendo of Korea page 
 Official Bomberman Land website 

2006 video games
Atlus
Land Touch!
Online games
Nintendo DS games
Nintendo DS-only games
Bomberman

Bomberman is a series of video games that first appeared on the Nintendo Entertainment System and still has many games released to this day.

List of Bomberman games

Spinoffs

Coin-ops
Prince Sports

Prince Sports, Inc. is an American manufacturer of equipment for racquet sports. It is based in Bordentown, New Jersey.

Other websites 
 Prince site

Companies based in New Jersey
Sporting goods companies
Dustin Pedroia

Dustin Luis Pedroia (born August 17, 1983 in Woodland, California) is a Major League Baseball player for the Boston Red Sox. He played college baseball at Arizona State University.  He is  and . He won the 2007 American League Rookie of the Year award.

Other websites 

 
Baseball Reference  minor league statistics
Minor League Splits and Situational Stats 
No. 45 - MLN FAB50 Baseball 2005 - Minor League News - Situational Stats 
No. 23 - MLN FAB50 Baseball 2006 - Minor League News 

Baseball players from California
Boston Red Sox players
1983 births
Living people
Roger Clemens

William Roger Clemens (born August 4, 1962 in Dayton, Ohio) was an American starting pitcher in Major League Baseball.  Clemens played in the major leagues for 24 seasons for the Boston Red Sox, Toronto Blue Jays, New York Yankees, and Houston Astros, from  to .  Clemens has won seven Cy Young Awards, two more than any other pitcher.

Other websites 

 
Baseball Library 
Biography from the Roger Clemens Foundation 

Roger Clemens  ads in the ZADZADZ ad database

1962 births
American baseball players
American League All-Stars
Boston Red Sox players
Houston Astros players
Living people
National League All-Stars
New York Yankees players
Sportspeople from Dayton, Ohio
Toronto Blue Jays players
Universal Music Group

Universal Music Group is a company that runs four record labels in the music industry. It is the largest business group and family of record labels in the world. It started in 1934 as "Decca Records USA" and had some other names, before it became "Universal Music Group" in 1996. The company is based in Santa Monica, California.

UMG controls 25.5% of the market share. It is a wholly owned subsidiary of French company Vivendi; Universal Studios, the movie studio, was sold in part to NBC, which itself is part of GE. UMG owns the largest music publishing business in the world, Universal Music Publishing Group, following the acquisition of BMG Music Publishing in May 2007. Vivendi's headquarters are in Paris, France. In the United States, UMG is in Santa Monica, California, and New York City, along with Universal Music Group Nashville; in the UK the group has a number of offices in London and Romford.

History of the company

"Universal Music" was once the music company for the movie studio Universal Pictures. MCA Inc. bought American Decca in 1962. Seagram, the owner of MCA, would buy PolyGram in 1998 to form Universal Music Group (which had been MCA before 1996).

The branches of "UMG" now count Capitol Records, Virgin Records, Interscope Records, A&M Records, Geffen Records, Island Records and Def Jam Recordings.

In 2007, Universal bought BMG's music publishing branch and folded it into the "Universal Music Publishing" division.

In 2012, Universal bought most of EMI's music recordings. After the buyout, Universal then sold some labels such as V2, Sanctuary, Mute, and Parlophone.

Universal Music has announced that it will develop an online site for music videos inspired by Hulu.com, the site setup by News Corp and NBC that allows free streaming of television shows. This website is named Vevo, and its music videos have been watched billions of times on YouTube.

References

Other websites
 Universal Music Group - Artists 

American record labels
Companies based in Santa Monica, California
Companies based in New York City
1934 establishments in the United States
Dundee United F.C.

Dundee United Football Club is a professional football club from Dundee, Scotland. They currently play in the Scottish Championship. The manager is Micky Mellon. In the 2018-19 season, they finished 2nd in the Championship behind Ross County. The club failed to regain promotion to the Premiership after losing the Premiership play-off against St. Mirren 2-0 on penalties. Dundee United won the 1982-83 Scottish Premier Division, and the Scottish Cup in 1994 and 2010.

Name
1909-1923 Dundee Hibernian FC
1923-present Dundee United FC

Stadium

Dundee United's home ground throughout their history has been Tannadice Park, located on Tannadice Street in the Clepington area of the city. It is situated only  away from Dens Park, home of rivals Dundee F.C.; the two stadia are the closest senior football grounds anywhere in the United Kingdom.

The club have only ever played one home fixture at another venue. This was a League Cup tie against Rangers in March 1947, when despite snow rendering Tannadice unplayable, the match was able to go ahead across the road at Dens Park.

The age and proximity of their stadia has led to the possibility of both clubs moving to a new, purpose-built shared stadium being discussed on various occasions. The most recent and serious proposal for this was put forward as part of Scotland's bid to joint-host the 2008 European Football Championship, with several clubs seeking to benefit from a new stadium with planning permission given to a proposed site at Caird Park. Special dispensation was requested to proceed with the proposal, as rules at the time forbade SPL teams from groundsharing. Following Scotland's failed bid to host the tournament, the scheme was shelved for the time being, although the plan was raised again in June 2008 following doubts about joint-host Ukraine's ability to stage Euro 2012 with the Scottish Football Association keen as alternative hosts.

References

Other websites 
Official Dundee United FC website
ArabZONE - Official Dundee United FC members only website 
ArabTRUST 
Dundee United Youth Development 
Federation of Dundee United Supporters' Clubs
Dundee United BBC My Club page

Scottish Premier League clubs
Dundee
1909 establishments in Europe
1900s establishments in Scotland
Two Hands

Two Hands is a movie released on 29 July 1999. It was made in Australia by director Gregor Jordan. The movie was the debut for actor Heath Ledger. It won the Australian Film Institute Award for Best Film in 1999. The movie was played at the Sundance Film Festival in the United States.

References 

1999 movies
English-language movies
Australian crime movies
Paisley

Paisley () is a town near Glasgow, Scotland. It is home to the Scottish Premier League association football team, St Mirren F.C.

Paisley is the largest town and fifth largest settlement in Scotland.

Other websites
 Official Paisley Site
 Paisley2020.org – Future-focused website keeping you up-to-date with developments 
 ComeToPaisley.com - Paisley's Tourism Website 
 Paisley Mansions web page
 Paisley website focusing on old and up to date photographs of the town

Towns in Scotland
Daniel Gonzales Guiza

Daniel Gonzalez Güiza (born August 17 1980, Jerez de la Frontera, Cádiz) is a Spanish football player.

He started his football career at Xerez CD in 1999.  He scored 27 goals and he became a top scorer when he was at Mallorca in 2007/2008 season.  He was then transferred to Fenerbahçe.  He was called for the first time to Spanish National Football Team in 2008; in Euro 2008 he scored 2 goals.

1980 births
Living people
Spanish footballers
People from Jerez de la Frontera
Falkirk

Falkirk is a town in Scotland. It is home to Scottish Premier League football club Falkirk F.C.

Towns in Falkirk council area
The Scotsman

The Scotsman is a daily newspaper from Scotland, United Kingdom. It has recently been changed to a compact form, but the Sunday version remains a broadsheet

Other websites 
Scotsman Official Website

Media in Scotland
Newspapers published in the United Kingdom
BBC Sport

BBC Sport is part of the bbc.co.uk website run by the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC). It covers all sports from football and rugby to less high-profile sports such as hockey or badminton. The site includes an discussion board called 606 to allow fans to discuss events and sports-related news. BBC Sport also covers sporting events on BBC Radio 5 Live and BBC television, e.g. The Olympics.

Other websites 

Sport
Sports media
Turkey national football team

The Turkish national football team is the national football team of the Republic of Turkey and is worked by the Turkish Football Federation. They are in association with UEFA.

Turkey has a footballing tradition that has been  bad. In World Cup competition Turkey has qualified three times for the 1950, 1954, and 2002 editions. Turkey failed to make an appearance for the 1950 World Cup because they withdrew.

Turkey made it to the semi-finals during the UEFA Euro 2008, but then lost to Germany.

Squad

2011 

 Goalkeepers:
 Volkan Demirel, Sinan Bolat, Tolga Zengin
 Defenders:
 Servet Çetin, Hakan Balta, Gökhan Zan, İsmail Köybaşı, Egemen Korkmaz, Serkan Balcı, Giray Kaçar, Ömer Toprak, Gökhan Gönül
 Midfielders:
 Emre Belözoğlu , Hamit Altıntop, Selçuk İnan, Mehmet Ekici, Arda Turan, Mehmet Topal, Ozan Tufan, Selçuk Şahin, Gökhan Töre, Sabri Sarıoğlu, Yekta Kurtuluş, Mehmet Aurélio
 Forwards:
 Umut Bulut, Tunay Torun, Burak Yılmaz, Kazım Kazım, Mevlüt Erdinç

2021 

 Goalkeepers:
 Mert Günok, Altay Bayındır, Uğurcan Çakır
 Defenders:
 Zeki Çelik, Merih Demiral, Çağlar Söyüncü, Umut Meraş, Ozan Kabak, Rıdvan Yılmaz, Kaan Ayhan, Mert Müldür, Caner Erkin, Hasan Ali Kaldırım, Ömer Bayram
 Midfielders:
 Okay Yokuşlu, Ozan Tufan, Dorukhan Toköz, Hakan Çalhanoğlu, Yusuf Yazıcı, Taylan Antalyalı, Orkun Kökçü, Abdülkadir Ömür, İrfan Kahveci, Kerem Aktürkoğlu, Mahmut Tekdemir, Deniz Türüç
 Forwards:
 Cengiz Ünder, Kenan Karaman, Enes Ünal, Burak Yılmaz , Halil Dervişoğlu, Cenk Tosun

Most appearances
Updated on 16 June 2021
* Players in bold are still active.

Top scorers
Updated on 16 June 2021

 Players in bold are still active.

Recent Games 

 Green means that the team won.
 Yellow means the team had a draw.
 Red means the team lost.

Related pages 
 Turkey at the UEFA European Championship

References

Other websites 
 Turkish soccer (football) latest news
  Official Site of Turkish Football Federation
  Turkish Football Statistics
Falkirk F.C.

Falkirk Football Club is a Scottish professional football club currently playing in the Scottish Premier League.

Stadium 
In the club's early years, a wide number of pitches and stadia were used. In 1885, the site of Brockville Park in Falkirk was leased, and there the club remained until the last day of the 2002-03 season. Due to Brockville's central location in the town, and the SPL's stringent stadium requirements, the dilapidated Brockville site, home of Falkirk for over 100 years, was no longer suitable for the club's ambitions. For season 2003-04, the club groundshared with Stenhousemuir at Ochilview stadium on the outskirts of the town. At the start of 2004-05 they moved into their new purpose built stadium which meets SPL criteria. The ground currently consists of two stands with a third due to start in the coming months.

The old Brockville ground was demolished in 2003/2004 and the land is now home to a branch of the Morrisons supermarket, which has several items of Falkirk F.C. memorabilia on site, including a turnstile from the old ground.

Current squad 
As of 9 July 2009

Other websites 
Official site
Travelling Bairn 
Falkirk BBC My Club page
One F in Falkirk 

Scottish football clubs
Falkirk council area
1876 establishments in the United Kingdom
1870s establishments in Scotland
Feodor III of Russia

Feodor (Theodore) III Alexeevich of Russia was born on June 9, 1661, and died on May 7, 1682. He was the Tsar of all Russia between 1676 and 1682.

1661 births
1682 deaths
Russian tsars
Emperors and empresses
House of Romanov
Lengnau, Berne

Lengnau is a municipality in the administrative district of Biel/Bienne in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.

References

Other websites 

 Official website 
 

Municipalities of Bern
Sivasspor

Sivasspor is a Turkish football club founded in 1967. Its stadium, the Sivas 4 Eylül Stadium is in Sivas city. Sivasspor's colours are red and white. It is called "Yiğidolar" in Turkey. Sivasspor became fourth in the Turkey Turkcell Super League 2007/2008 season. Sivasspor will play first match in Europe with Grbalj team to join Uefa Cup.

Turkish football clubs
Otto Abetz

Otto Abetz (3 March 1903 in Schwetzingen, Germany – 5 May 1958) was a German diplomat. In 1931, he became a member of the NSDAP and worked until 1934 as Reichsjugendführer. He was German ambassador for the Vichy-Government from 1940 to 1944.

After the War he went to prison for 20 years. He was released from prison in 1954. He died on 5 May 1958 in an auto accident near Langenfeld, North Rhine-Westphalia, on the Cologne-Ruhr autobahn.

References 
Zentner, Christian:"Der Zweite Weltkrieg - Ein Lexikon" Vienna, 2003

1903 births
1958 deaths
Ambassadors of Germany
German prisoners
German war criminals
Holocaust perpetrators
People from Baden-Württemberg
Road accident deaths
SS officers
Statute of Labourers 1351

The Statute of Labourers was a law created by the English parliament under King Edward III in 1351 about labour shortage. It was first made known by Sir John Halles.

Other websites 
 Text of the statute 
 Another source of the text

1350s in England
Acts of the Parliament of the United Kingdom
1351
Christine de Pizan

Christine de Pizan, sometimes known as de Pisan, (Venice 1364 – about 1430) was  an Italian French late mediaeval author. She spent most of her childhood and all of her adult life in Paris and then the abbey at Poissy. She wrote only in her adopted language, Middle French. She challenged the male-dominated realm of the arts. She is known as Europe’s first professional woman writer. 

She wrote both poetry and prose works. There were biographies and books of practical advice for women. She wrote 41 works in her 30-year career from 1399–1429.  She married in 1380 at the age of 15, and was widowed 10 years later.

Her influence spread through all of Europe. It affected the social life of many Europeans because she gave confidence to women that they could rise beyond what men told them to do. Some  scholars think this is misreading her intentions.

Selected works 
 L'Épistre au Dieu d'amours (1399)
 L'Épistre de Othéa a Hector (1399–1400)
 Dit de la Rose (1402)
 Cent Ballades d'Amant et de Dame, Virelyas, Rondeaux (1402)
 Le Chemin de long estude (1403)
 Livre de la mutation de fortune (1403)
 La Pastoure (1403)
 Le Livre des fais et bonnes meurs du sage roy Charles V (1404)
 Le Livre de la cité des dames (1405)
 Le Livre des trois vertus (1405)
 L'Avision de Christine (1405)
 Livre du corps de policie (1407)
 Livre de paix (1413)
 Epistre de la prison de vie humaine (1418)
 Ditié de Jehanne d'Arc (1429)

References 

1364 births
1420s deaths
French writers
Danse Macabre

Dance of Death (; ; ) is a late-medieval allegory on death: no matter who a person is, the dance of death unites all.

Other websites 
 A collection of historical images of the Danse Macabre at Cornell's The Fantastic in Art and Fiction

Death customs
Middle Ages
Horror

da:Døden fra Lübeck
Patrick Poivre d'Arvor

Patrick Poivre d'Arvor (born 20 September, 1947 in Reims; known in France as PPDA) is a French journalist. He has presented the main evening news on French Television since 1987. He studied political sciences and Slavic languages in Paris. He is married, and has 5 children; 3 daughters and one son with his wife Véronique, and a son with Claire Chazal. He had an affair with Chazal (who is also a well-known news presenter in France) in the 1990s.

One of his daughters was anorexic. She committed suicide, aged 19, in 1995. She jumped in front of a metro train in Paris. She left a note: "Thank you for everything, but I do not like life. I want to be incinerated, and kept in a small box, but not thrown to the sea."

References

1947 births
Living people
French journalists
People from Reims
Marcus Davis

Marcus Paul Davis (born August 24, 1973), nicknamed "The Irish Hand Grenade" (and "The Celtic Warrior" when fighting in Ireland), is an American mixed martial arts (MMA) fighter. He fights as a welterweight in the UFC and in independent MMA promotions in the United States. He was a contestant on the Ultimate Fighter 2 on Spike TV.

Marcus David went pro in MMA on August 22, 2003 with a first round TKO of Shaun Gay. In 2005, Marcus was a contestant on The Ultimate Fighter 2. Coming in with his boxing skills.

Other websites 
Official Site 
UFC profile
Team Irish MMA

American mixed martial artists
1973 births
Living people
Kalamazoo, Michigan

Kalamazoo is a large city in the U.S. state of Michigan. It is the county seat of Kalamazoo County. As of 2017, the city had a total population of 75,807.

Kalamazoo is home to Western Michigan University, Haworth College of Business, and Kalamazoo College.

On May 13, 1980, a F3 tornado tore through Kalamazoo, killing 5 people, injuring 79, and causing $50 million in damage.

In popular culture 
Kalamazoo's name is used in song titles or lyrics to popular songs, because the way it sounds makes it a "great word for a lyric". Probably the best known was (I've Got a Gal In) Kalamazoo" by the Glenn Miller band with Tex Beneke. This #1 popular song was written by Mack Gordon and Harry Warren. It was performed by the band playing the part of the Glenn Miller Orchestra in the 1942 movie Orchestra Wives. This was nominated: Best Music, Original Song in Academy Awards, Harry Warren (music), Mack Gordon (lyrics).

Sister cities
The city of Kalamazoo, Michigan has three sister cities.
  Kingston, Jamaica
  Numazu, Shizuoka, Japan
  Pushkin, St. Petersburg, Russia

References

Other websites 

 City of Kalamazoo 
 Kalamazoo County Convention & Visitors Bureau
 Kalamazoo College
 

Cities in Michigan
County seats in Michigan
1831 establishments in the United States
1830s establishments in Michigan Territory
El Gato Negro

El Gato Negro (in English “The Black Cat”) is the name of two fictional superheroes that appear in comic books published by Azteca Productions. Created by Richard Dominguez, both characters made their first appearance in El Gato Negro #1.
The first El Gato Negro was Agustin Guerrero, a former luchador from South Texas who decided to use his skills to fight crime during the early '50s and late '60s.  
The current El Gato Negro is Francisco Guerrero, grandson to the original El Gato Negro. He adopted the superhero identity after his best friend was killed in a brutal murder.
Each El Gato Negro adopts a cat-like emblem, which they display in their costume designs or equipment. Although Agustin is not from the Silver Age of comics, he is sometimes referred to as “Silver Age El Gato Negro”, because the comic book’s timeline would place him in that era.

Agustin Guerrero

Agustin Guerrero was an American soldier from Texas sent overseas to fight in the Korean War. Separated from his battalion, Agustin was lost in the harsh jungles. There he found an exiled Japanese warrior and assassin known as “Nuro Neko” ("黒い猫" - black cat). Nuro Neko trained the young soldier martial arts and the path of a warrior. After being rescued and discharged, Agustin returned to Texas to become a masked wrestler. He adopted the identity of El Gato Negro and his success as a luchador  caused him to have many adventures outside of the wrestling ring before he finally retired in the late '60s.

Francisco Guerrero

The second and current El Gato Negro, Francisco Guerrero is a social worker by day and a vigilante by night. Francisco became the new El Gato Negro after the murder of his friend. Despite being liked by the citizens of his community, El Gato Negro is constantly being hunted by local law enforcement.

Movies
Richard Dominguez is currently in talks for a El Gato Negro movie.

Sources

Other websites 
Azteca Productions
Dominguez Illustrations

Comics characters
Comic books
Richard Dominguez

Richard Dominguez (born Eufrancio Ricardo Dominguez September 22, 1960 in Dallas, Texas) is an American comic book creator. He is best known for making the comic book El Gato Negro.

Biography
Richard Dominguez was born in Dallas, Texas on September 22, 1960 as the second of seven children. Dominguez first read comics at the age of six. He was first interested in art while in high school. He took classes in Commercial Art and later took Life Drawing classes in community college. Richard later worked as an intern for art and design studios in the late '80s and early '90s.

Azteca Productions
Richard made the Azteca Productions company and imprint in 1993. The first publication was El Gato Negro #1. Dominguez first got the idea for El Gato Negro in the late '80s. He originally planned thought of putting the character in a team of superheroes. Liking the character better on his own, Dominguez left the original project and focused on El Gato Negro. A lot of the character’s personality and look was inspired by Dominguez’s favorite superheroes like The Spirit, The Crimson Avenger, Daredevil, Nightwing, The Shadow, The Phantom, Zorro and Batman. The character has been popular since his introduction. and other media Dominguez is currently looking to make a movie on the character.

Dominguez made his superhero group with the help of friend and writer Michael S. Moore in 1997 in a book called Team Tejas. Richard stopped publishing his books after 1997 to spend time with his family. He later came back to publish new El Gato Negro stories in 2004. Other books he plans on publishing are Lucha Grande Comics, The Acolyte, Demon Hunter, and a revival of Judge Margarito C. Garza's Relampago!

P.A.C.A.S.
The Professional Amigos of Comic Art Society or P.A.C.A.S. was a non-profit organization made by Richard Dominguez with his friends Carlos Saldaña, Jose Martinez, and Fernando Rodriguez in 1995. The group was made to bring together different artists, comic book and cartoon creators together to help with each other’s projects. P.A.C.A.S. grew to over 50 members. Most of them lived in California. The P.A.C.A.S. group no longer exists but there are rumors of a new one being made. Only an official website and MySpace page stand in tribute to their effort.

References

Other websites
Dominguez Illustrations 
Official MySpace
Azteca Productions

People from Dallas, Texas
1960 births
American comics artists
Living people
Mission: Impossible II

Mission: Impossible II is an American action thriller movie directed by John Woo and produced by Tom Cruise and Paula Wagner. Mission: Impossible II tells the story of Ethan Hunt, an agent for the "Impossible Missions Force". Another agent has gone rogue and stolen a virus, so Hunt has to try and get it back. The movie was released on May 24, 2000 in cinemas, then on November 7, 2000 for video and DVD. The movie did not get great reviews from critics; it got a 60% score on review website Metacritic.

This movie is a sequel to Mission: Impossible. It has a sequel called Mission: Impossible III.

Release Dates

References

Other websites
 
 

2000 thriller movies
2000s action thriller movies
2000s spy movies
American action thriller movies
German action movies
German thriller movies
Mission: Impossible movies
Paramount Pictures movies
English-language movies
Movies directed by John Woo
Movies about terrorism
Movies about diseases
Movies set in Australia
Jan Gotlib Bloch

Jan Gotlib (Bogumił) Bloch ( or Блох) (July 24, 1836 – January 7, 1902) (, , , ) was a banker from Poland. He was born in Radom and died in Warsaw. He donated money to help railways, and studied industrial warfare. Bloch published a collection of writings called La Guerre Future, translated to Is War Now Impossible?, in 1898.

1836 births
1902 deaths
Polish writers
Polish Jews
McDonnell Douglas DC-10

The McDonnell Douglas DC-10 is an American three-engine medium- to long-range widebody airliner, with two engines mounted on underwing pylons and a third engine at the base of the vertical stabilizer. The model was a successor to the company's DC-8 for long-range operations, and competed in the same markets as the Airbus A300, Boeing 747, and Lockheed L-1011 Tristar, which has a similar layout to the DC-10.

Production of the DC-10 ended in December 1988 with 386 delivered to airlines and 60 to the U.S. Air Force as air-to-air refueling tankers, designated the KC-10 Extender.  The DC-10 was succeeded by the related McDonnell Douglas MD-11 which entered service in 1990.

Development 

Douglas Aircraft began design studies based on its CX-HLS design. In 1966, American Airlines offered a specification to manufacturers for a widebody aircraft smaller than the Boeing 747 but capable of flying similar long-range routes from airports with shorter runways. The DC-10 became McDonnell Douglas's first commercial airliner after the merger between McDonnell Aircraft Corporation and Douglas Aircraft Company in 1967.  The DC-10 was first ordered by launch customers American Airlines with 25 orders, and United Airlines with 30 orders and 30 options in 1968.  The DC-10, a series 10 model, made its first flight on August 29, 1970.  Following a flight test program with 929 flights covering 1,551 hours, the DC-10 was awarded a type certificate from the FAA on July 29, 1971  It entered commercial service with American Airlines on August 5, 1971 on a round trip flight between Los Angeles and Chicago. United Airlines began DC-10 service on August 16, 1971.[6] The DC-10's similarity to the L-1011 in terms of passenger capacity and launch in the same timeframe resulted in a head to head sales competition which affected profitability of the aircraft.

Accidents and Problems 
The DC-10 had design flaws and had a poor safety record in its early years.  But later, the design flaws were improved, and the DC-10 became much safer.  The following accidents are some of those which have occurred since 1972.

 June 12, 1972 - American Airlines flight 96, bound from Detroit to Buffalo and then to LaGuardia Airport, experienced an explosive decompression in flight.  The cause was a poorly-designed rear cargo door.  The crew managed to land the plane safely back in Detroit.
 March 3, 1974 - Turkish Airlines flight 981, bound from Paris to London and carrying 346 passengers and crew, crashed nine minutes after takeoff, killing everyone onboard.  The cause was the same as that of American flight 96. 
 May 25, 1979 - American Airlines flight 191 crashed during takeoff near O'Hare International Airport while bound for Los Angeles.  All 271 people on board and 2 on the ground were killed; this remains the worst plane crash in America.  Engine No. 1 separated from the plane while on takeoff roll.  The cause of the crash was due to a maintenance error and a design flaw with the engine's pylon.  All DC-10s worldwide were grounded until modifications were made.

References 

Civil aircraft
Ocean liner

Ocean liner is the name given to (usually large) ships that are used to transport people or goods. These ships travel along given routes; they usually have a schedule. Usually, ocean liners travel long distances. The ships used for short distances, for example across a channel,  a lake, or between an island and the coast close by, are called ferries. Ocean liners are used for transportation. Cruise ships are different, they are used for pleasure. 

The “golden Age” of the ocean liner was the first half of the 20th Century, when ocean liners commonly carried hundreds upon thousands of poor immigrants from Europe to North America, the United States especially. Hundreds of ocean liners were built during this period.  

When WW2 started in 1939, many ocean liners were turned into troop ships, to transport soldiers to Europe and Asia, by both sides. After the war, most remaining ocean liners were returned to their original owners. 

In the second half of the 20th century, ocean liners have been replaced by aircraft more and more. In the 1950’s, as airplanes like the De Havilland Comet and Boeing 707 were built, ocean liners seemed redundant as jet liners were faster and easier to build than ocean liners. By the 1980’s, most ocean liners had been retired with only a few outliers staying in service.

Ship types
Akakor

Akakor is a fictional ancient underground city somewhere between Brazil and Peru. 

The German journalist Karl Brugger described the city in his book The Chronicle of Akakor (1976). Information about the city is from an interview with Tatunca Nara, a Brazilian Indian. Tantunca Nara speaks about possible contact with extraterrestrials in the ancient past. He says these extraterrestrials are believed to have built this mysterious city. Two similar cities are mentioned in this book - Akanis and Akahim. 

Later Rüdiger Nehberg showed that Tatunca Nara was actually a German named Günther Hauck.

Parts of the story from The Chronicle of Akakor were used in the movie Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull.

References 
Karl Brugger: Die Chronik von Akakor, Econ Publishers: Düsseldorf, Vienna, 1976

Other websites
 The legend of Akakor
 Article about underground secrets of South America

Cities in South America
Fictional locations
Gutenberg Bible

The Gutenberg Bible (also known as the 42-line Bible or the Mazarin Bible) is a printed version of the Latin Vulgate translation of the Bible that was printed by Johannes Gutenberg, in Mainz, Germany in the 15th century. Although it is not the first book to be printed by Gutenberg's new movable type system, it is his major work, and of central importance for the start of the "Gutenberg Revolution" and the "Age of the Printed Book".  It is a very rare and expensive book. Fewer than 200 were made, and 49 complete or nearly complete ones are known. It has 1286 pages.

The earliest known book with movable type was published 78 years before in Korea and is known as the Jikji.

Related pages 
 Printing.

Notes

Other websites 
 Treasures in Full: Gutenberg Bible Complete digitized texts of the two Gutenberg bibles in the British Library
 The University of Texas Ransom Center's Gutenberg Bible website including detailed images 
 Online digital edition
 Gutenberg site made by the city of Mainz 
 A complete list of digitized copies at German Wikipedia 

Bibles
Christianity in Germany
History of Germany
Mainz
15th-century books
Fight song

A fight song is a song that sports fans sing when supporting their favorite team. They are very popular in the United States.  Many colleges and universities there have fight songs. In other countries they are sometimes called team songs or team anthems.

Sports words
World Draughts Federation

The World Draughts Federation (WDF) is the organisation which administers draughts throughout the world.  
It was created in 1947.  In the French language it is called Fédération Mondiale du Jeu de Dames (FMJD).
The WDF has organised the world draughts championships since 1948.

Other websites  
World Draughts Federation (WDF)
 

Draughts
Sports organizations
1947 establishments
Kenny Florian

Kenny Florian is an American mixed martial artist with training in Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu and Muay Thai. He was in the first season of The Ultimate Fighter reality show. He fights as a lightweight for the UFC.

Other websites
 Official Kenny Florian Web Site

American mixed martial artists
1976 births
Living people
Ingrid Betancourt

Íngrid Betancourt Pulecio (born December 25 1961) is a Colombian-French politician. She ran for President of Colombia in 2002. While campaigning in the jungle she was kidnapped and taken by armed rebels named FARC-EP. In July 2008, she and 14 other hostages were rescued by the Colombian military. Her kidnapping got the world's attention because of her French citizenship.

References 

1961 births
Living people
French politicians
Colombian politicians
Kidnapped people
People from Bogotá
BBC 100 Women
Cutting board

A cutting board or chopping board is a strong board used to chop food on. It may also be used to cut raw materials such as leather or plastic. Kitchen cutting boards are often made of wood or plastic. There are also cutting boards made of glass, steel, marble or corian. These kinds of cutting boards are easier to clean than wooden or plastic ones. On the down side, they normally damage knives.

References 

Kitchenware
Measuring cup

A measuring cup is a cup used to measure liquids or other ingredients, such as sugar or flour.

Kitchenware
Simple English Wikipedia

The Simple English Wikipedia is an English-language version of Wikipedia, an online encyclopedia, that is written at a basic level of English. It was created on September 18, 2001.

All of the articles in the Simple English Wikipedia use shorter sentences and easier words and grammar than the regular English Wikipedia. This makes articles easier to understand and edit.

The Simple English Wikipedia is often used by:
 Students
 Children
 Adults with learning disabilities 
 Non-native English speakers

Many articles are shorter than the same articles in the English Wikipedia. However, technical subjects often use terms that are not simple. Editors try to explain these terms in a simple way. This makes Simple English articles a good way to understand difficult articles from the ordinary English Wikipedia. If someone cannot understand an idea in complex English, they can read the Simple English article.

When the Simple English Wikipedia started creation of pages and allowing changes in 2003, the ordinary English Wikipedia already had 150,000 articles. Seven other Wikipedias in other languages also had over 15,000 articles. Because the other Wikipedias already have so many articles, most Simple English articles are not new. They are usually simplified versions of already existing articles from the ordinary English Wikipedia. Right now, the Simple English Wikipedia has  articles. Simple English Wikipedia is the 49th largest Wikipedia as of February 2022.

Related pages
 English Wikipedia
 Wikipedia administrators
 Wikipedia:Simple English Wikipedia
 Simple English Wiktionary
 Simple English: a list of articles about attempts to simplify English

References

Other websites

 Simple English Wikipedia mobile version

Wikipedias
Websites established in 2001
Missouri Valley Conference

The Missouri Valley Conference (MVC) is a college sports conference in the United States that sponsors many sports, but has not played football since the 1984 season.

The MVC has its roots in the Missouri Valley Intercollegiate Athletic Association (MVIAA), a league formed in 1907 by several schools in the Midwestern United States. The MVIAA split into two leagues in 1928. One league, made up mostly of large schools, kept the MVIAA name and years later became the Big Eight Conference. The smaller schools formed the MVC. Both groups claimed a 1907 founding date, and the same history up to the 1928 split. However, the Big Eight merged in 1996 with several schools from the collapsing Southwest Conference to form today's Big 12 Conference, which does not claim any of the Big Eight's history. Because of this, only the MVC now has a claim to any of the MVIAA's history.

Members 
Currently, the MVC has 10 members. In July 2022, one school will leave (indicated in pink) and two will join.

Future members

Associate members
The MVC has four "associate members", each of which plays one sport in the conference.

References
Missouri Valley Football Conference

The Missouri Valley Football Conference (MVFC) is a group of 11 colleges and universities in the Midwestern United States who play football against one another. Each school plays the others every season, and the conference champion earns a place in the NCAA Division I Football Championship, the postseason tournament of the second-level Football Championship Subdivision (FCS).

The MVFC has a confusing history that is closely tied to that of two other existing conferences: the Missouri Valley Conference (MVC) and the Association of Mid-Continent Universities (AMCU), now known as The Summit League. In the 1984 season, the last in which both of these conferences played football, all of the AMCU football schools were members of NCAA Division I-AA, now known as FCS. The MVC had schools that played in both DIvision I-A (today's Football Bowl Subdivision) and Division I-AA. The AMCU dropped football after the 1984 season, and the MVC announced it would do the same after the 1985 season. Beginning with the 1985 season, all of the remaining AMCU football teams, plus the MVC's I-AA teams, joined the Gateway Collegiate Athletic Conference (Gateway), which had sponsored only women's sports. Most of the schools in the Gateway were also MVC members. The MVC's I-AA football teams had membership in the MVC and Gateway in the 1985 season.

In 1992, the women's portion of the Gateway merged into the MVC. At that time, the Gateway became a football-only conference, changing its name to Gateway Football Conference. In 2008, the Gateway (which now had five MVC members) changed its name to the current Missouri Valley Football Conference. The MVFC and MVC are still legally separate, but operate out of the same offices in St. Louis.

Current members
Illinois State University
Indiana State University
Missouri State University
University of North Dakota
North Dakota State University
University of Northern Iowa
University of South Dakota
South Dakota State University
Southern Illinois University Carbondale (usually called "Southern Illinois")
Western Illinois University
Youngstown State University

Former members
Two schools that were in the MVFC during the Gateway era have moved to other conferences.
 Eastern Illinois University – member from 1985–1995; left for the Ohio Valley Conference.
 Western Kentucky University – member from 2001–2006; upgraded its football program to the top-level Division I FBS. It was already a non-football member of the Sun Belt Conference, and later played football in the Sun Belt as well. WKU has since moved to Conference USA.

References
Rights

A right is something a person has which people think should not be taken away. It is a rule about what a person is allowed to do or have. A right is different from a privilege, which is something that must be earned.

Rights may be put into laws, so they have legal protection. But a right can exist where most people think it is good (just).

Examples
Many think people have a "right to life".  That means that if one person kills another, the killer would be taking away the victim's "right to life". It also means life should be preserved (guarded) when it is threatened in other ways. 
People may also have a "right to property". It means they can own property. It also means people should not steal things from each other.
In many countries people have a "right to free speech", which means other people should not stop them from speaking their opinions. Some countries have laws which allow newspapers and television to give opinions. They can speak against their government if they wish to.

References

Related pages
 Civil and political rights
 Constitution
 Constitutional economics
 Human rights
 Rule of law
 Natural rights
AU (disambiguation)

AU can mean these things: 

 Astronomical unit, A unit of distance used in Astronomy.
 Auburn University, A university in Alabama, USA.
 Al-Azhar University,  a university and mosque in Cairo, Egypt. It is the main centre of Arabic literature and Sunni Islamic learning in the world. It is also the world's second-oldest surviving university. 
 Anadolu University, a high-degree educational institution in Eskişehir, Turkey.
 Adamson University, a private Roman Catholic university in Manila, Philippines.
 Ariel University, a public university in Ariel, a Jewish settlement in the West Bank. It used to be called the "Ariel University Center of Samaria". 
 African Union, an international organization consisting of fifty-three African member countries. 
 Au, the symbol for the chemical element gold, a metal.
 .au, the Internet country code for Australia.
Pinoy Idol

Pinoy Idol is a popular TV show in the Philippines that lets anyone sing to people watching the show on television while they are being judged. The singers can be anyone between the age of 16 and 29 years. The show is now current programming in GMA Network.

Host and judges
Pinoy Idol has three judges, who give comments on performances.  The three judges are: 
 Ogie Alcasid
 Jolina Magdangal
 Wyngard Tracy

Pinoy Idol also has a host, Raymond Gutierrez.

Reality television series
Hulagu Khan

Hulagu Khan, also known as Hulagu, Hülegü or Hulegu (Хүлэгү, Khülegü; Chagatai/; Arabic:هولاكو; c. 1217 – 8 February 1265), was a Mongol ruler who conquered much of Southwest Asia.

Son of Tolui and the Kerait princess Sorghaghtani Beki, he was a grandson of Genghis Khan, and the brother of Arik Boke, Mongke and Kublai Khan. He was also the step-father of Absh Khatun. Hulagu's army greatly expanded the southwestern portion of the Mongol Empire, founding the Ilkhanate of Persia. Under his leadership, the Mongols destroyed the two greatest centers of Islamic power, Baghdad in the year 1258, and Damascus, causing a shift of Islamic influence to the Mamluks in Cairo.

The Polos 
 
Niccolò and Maffeo Polo reportedly travelled to the realm of Hulagu and stayed in the city of Bukhara, in modern day Uzbekistan, where the family lived and traded for three years from 1261 to 1264.

Notes

References 
 Boyle, J.A., (Editor). The Cambridge History of Iran: Volume 5, The Saljuq and Mongol Periods . Cambridge University Press; Reissue edition (January 1, 1968). . Perhaps the best overview of the history of the il-khanate. Covers politics, economics, religion, culture and the arts and sciences. Also has a section on the Isma'ilis, Hulagu's nemesis.
 Encyclopedia Iranica has scholar-reviewed articles on a wide range of Persian subjects, including Hulagu.
 Morgan, David. The Mongols. Blackwell Publishers; Reprint edition, April 1990. . Best for an overview of the wider context of medieval Mongol history and culture.
 Atwood, Christopher P. (2004). The Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire. Facts on File, Inc. .

Other websites 
 A long article  about Hulagu's conquest of Baghdad, written by Ian Frazier, appeared in the April 25, 2005 issue of The New Yorker.
 An Osama bin Laden tape in which Osama bin Laden compares Vice President Dick Cheney and Secretary of State Colin Powell to Hulagu and his attack on Baghdad. Dated November 12, 2002.

1217 births
1265 deaths
Emperors and empresses
Mongol Empire
Dalgety Bay

Dalgety Bay is a coastal town in Fife, Scotland. It is on the north shore of the Firth of Forth.

Other websites 
 Dalgety Bay on FifeDirect 
 Dalgety Bay and Hillend community website 
 A short tour of Dalgety Bay - has maps and aerial photographs

Towns in Fife
Elena Bovina

Elena Olegovna Bovina  (born March 10, 1983, Moscow, RSFR, Soviet Union) is a Russian retired professional female tennis player. She turned pro in 1998. In 2004, she won the Australian Open mixed doubles. On April 4, 2005, Bovina reached her career-high singles ranking was world no. 14. She retired in 2012. She lives in Quebec City, Canada.

1983 births
Australian Open champions
Russian female tennis players
Living people
Sportspeople from Moscow
Anastasia Myskina

Anastasia Andreyevna Myskina (; ) (born July 8, 1981, Moscow, Russia) is a professional tennis player from Russia.

1981 births
Russian female tennis players
French Open champions
Living people
Sportspeople from Moscow
WTA Awards

This is a list with all the Sony Ericsson WTA Tour Awards given by the WTA Tour to players who have done or achieved something remarkable during the season or their career.

Player of The Year
This is awarded to the player who the WTA think has played the best tennis over the year.

Doubles Team of the Year 
This is awarded to the doubles team who the WTA think has played the best tennis over the year.

Most Improved Player 
This is awarded to the player who the WTA think has improved the most over the year.

Newcomer of the Year 
This is awarded to the player who the WTA think has played the best tennis in their first season as a professional.

Comeback Player of the Year 
This is awarded to the player who the WTA think has played the best tennis after coming back from a long break from playing.

Player Service 

Note: in 2002 the award was not given.

Karen Krantzcke Sportsmanship Award

Tournaments of the Year

Tier I - II

Notes

Other websites 
WTA Awards - past winners

Tennis
Hopman Cup

The Hopman Cup is an yearly international team tennis tournament played in Perth, Western Australia in January each year.

Champions

Other websites
 Hopman Cup 

Tennis tournaments in Australia
Perth, Western Australia
1989 establishments in Australia
Santa Maria Assunta (Siena)

Siena Cathedral (Italian Duomo di Siena, officially Santa Maria Assunta) is a Cathedral in Siena, Italy. It is the seat of the archbishop of Siena. The cathedral was built between 1215 and 1263. The was another church there beforehand.  The Cathedral is known all over Italy for its stripes. These were made by using different kinds of stone. It is also a unfinished building as well.

Images

Roman Catholic Cathedrals
Cathedrals in Italy
Tuscany
1263 establishments
13th-century establishments in Italy
1260s establishments in Europe
Caen

Caen ( pronounced can (/kɑ̃/);) is a city in France. It is the capital city of Basse-Normandie and Calvados. The river Orne flows through it. Today, about 110,000 people live there (intra muros, inside the city); the urban area has about 370,000 people. The city has a very long history; the name probably has Gaulish origins (from cato Military activity; and mago field; probably something like place where the troops exercised). A campus of the École de management de Normandie is in the city.

Sister cities
Caen is twinned with:

References 

 
Departmental capitals in France
Former regional capitals in France