cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Ratchet & Clank (2002 video game)

Ratchet & Clank is a platforming and shooting game for the PlayStation 2. It was made by Insomniac Games and published by Sony. It was released on November 7, 2002 in North America, November 8, 2002 in Europe, and December 3, 2002 in Japan. It is the first game in the Ratchet & Clank series.

The game is about the character Ratchet, a made-up animal called a Lombax, and his robot friend Clank. Ratchet and Clank travel around the galaxy to defeat an evil alien named Chairman Drek, who is trying to destroy planets. The player is able to use many weapons and machines to attack enemies and solve puzzles.

Gameplay
In this game, the player plays as Ratchet most of the time, but can play as Clank sometimes. Ratchet can use lots of weapons and gadgets to attack enemies, solve puzzles, and jump over gaps. Clank can control smaller robots called "Gadgebots" who do things for him that Clank can not do on his own. There are lots of different places the player can go to.

Story

A factory making lots of big robots is seen. One day a small robot is made by accident. He sees a video of an alien leader called Drek. Drek wants to break up lots of planets, and then use the pieces to make a new planet for his people, because his people'sold planet has become too polluted to live in. The video scares the robot, and he gets away in a spaceship, but crashes on a made-up planet called Veldin.

Ratchet is a made-up animal called a Lombax, who lives on Veldin. He wants to leave Veldin in his spaceship, and have adventures. Ratchet finds the small robot and calls him "Clank". Clank wants to stop Drek, and wants Ratchet to help him find a superhero called Captain Qwark, who he thinks will stop Drek. Clank fixes Ratchet's ship, so that Ratchet will help him.

Later on, Ratchet and Clank find Qwark. But Qwark is working for Drek, and he tries to kill Ratchet and Clank. They both get away from Qwark, but Ratchet is angry at Clank. Clank wants to stop Drek, but Ratchet only wants to find Qwark and kill him.

Soon, Ratchet shoots down Qwark's spaceship. After this happens, he sees a video with Drek's army destroying a city. The video makes Ratchet feel bad, and he says sorry to Clank for not helping him to find Drek.

They soon find out that Drek has a weapon called the "Deplanetizer". He is going to destroy Veldin, Ratchet's home, and this makes Ratchet angry. They find Drek, but he tells them he only did he whole thing to get money. People bought parts of his new planet, and Drek has made lots of money. But after the whole planet has been bought, he is going to pollute it. Then he will have to make another new planet, and get lots more money. But Ratchet and Clank kill Drek after a long fight, and use the Deplanetizer to destroy Drek's new planet. This makes lots of rocks fall down to Veldin. Clank gets his arm hurt, and Ratchet asks if he wants it fixed, and they both walk away together.

References

3D platform games
PlayStation 2 games
2002 video games
Ratchet & Clank
Windows games
MacOS games
Snow Patrol

Snow Patrol is an alternative rock band from Scotland and Northern Ireland. They are based in Glasgow and are signed to Polydor Records. Snow Patrol was started as an indie rock band, but began to play more alternative rock and pop songs. The band has released seven albums, Songs for Polarbears, Final Straw, When It's All Over We Still Have to Clear Up, Eyes Open, A Hundred Million Suns, Fallen Empires and Wildness. Eyes Open won the award for Best Irish Album at the National Irish Music Awards.

References 

1994 establishments in the United Kingdom
1990s British music groups
2000s British music groups
2010s British music groups
Alternative rock bands
Scottish rock bands
1990s establishments in Scotland
Pollyanna

Pollyanna is a book for children written by Eleanor Hodgman Porter. It was published in 1913.

Pollyanna-The game Story
A girl called Pollyanna is an orphan (her parents are dead). She goes to live with her Aunt Polly (who did not marry) in Beldingsville, Vermont. Pollyanna is happy all the time, and makes other people happy. She plays a game called the "glad game", where you find something to be happy about even when you are sad. Soon, everyone in the town is happy. An accident occurs and Pollyanna is left unable to move her legs.  She has to learn to be happy again, and then she gets better because a doctor makes her well again. Aunt Polly and the doctor marry.

Summary of the story

Miss Polly Harrington is known around town for being a stern, hard woman who is set in her ways. So it is only a sense of duty that causes her to open her home to Pollyanna, her newly orphaned niece. But Pollyanna is a very special little girl, with a very special game that she teaches to the townspeople. Soon, everyone in town is happier, and glad that Pollyanna came into their lives - everyone, that is, but Aunt Polly. But then a terrible accident threatens to ruin Pollyanna's game forever, and everyone wonders who can teach this little girl to be happy again.

Notes
If someone is called "Pollyanna", it means they are always happy like Pollyanna is. The "Pollyanna principle" means people say yes to positive statements (For example, instead of "What do you think of green?", you can say "Don't you agree that green is a nice colour?").

Pollyanna was an irrepressibly, cheerful child. So cheerful that her name survives in any standard American Dictionary. - 'an excessively or blindly optimistic person.'

Other websites 
Text of the book

1913 books
20th-century American novels
English-language novels
Children's books
Middle Chinese

Middle Chinese (), or Ancient Chinese as used by linguist Bernhard Karlgren is a name given to an older version of the Chinese language.  People spoke it during Southern and Northern Dynasties and the Sui, Tang, and Song dynasties (6th century - 10th century). The term "Middle Chinese", in contrast to Old Chinese and Modern Chinese, is usually used for historical Chinese phonology, which wants to reconstruct the pronunciation of Chinese used during these times.

Middle Chinese can be divided further. There was an early period and a later period. These can be told apart by the pronunciation of certain sounds that changed. 

Chinese language
Uyghur people

The Uyghurs (wee-ger; 维吾尔人) are a Turkic people living mainly in Xinjiang, China. Over 11 million Uyghurs live there, more than any other part of the world. Some Uyghurs seek independence from China. 

There are also many Uyghurs in Beijing, Shanghai and Taoyuan County (Hunan, South-Central China). There are Uyghur diasporic communities in Turkey, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Pakistan and Mongolia.  

Uyghurs are mainly Muslim and speak Uyghur, a Turkic language. The Uyghur alphabet is based on the Arabic alphabet.

Uyghurs were originally from present-day Mongolia and immigrated to what is now Xinjiang during the 8th or 9th centuries AD.

Related pages
Xinjiang internment camps

References

Related pages 
Turkic peoples
Chinese people
Xinjiang

Turkic peoples
Ethnic groups in Asia
Xinjiang
Chopstick rest

A  is a piece of tableware. It is used to keep chopsticks away from the table and also to prevent used chopsticks from coming in contact with or rolling off tables. Chopstick rests are made in various shapes from clay, wood, glass, or precious stone such as jade. Some people prepare them from bags of half-split disposable chopsticks in origami manner. 

In Japan, chopstick rests are usually used at formal dinners and placed on the front-left side of the dishes. The chopsticks are placed parallel to the table edge with the points toward the left.

Related pages
Chopsticks
Spoon rest
Knife rest

References

Other websites

Chopstick rest Collection, A collection of hashioki
Chopstick rest stock photos and images, Fotosearch
Erick's Chopstick Rests (Hashi Oki) Page
Jen's Chopstick Rests Gallery 
Jurek Zarzycki's Chopstick Rests collection 
Chopstick rests , Asian Art Mall
Chopstick Rest , Mrs. Lin's Kitchen

Food utensils
Grindelwald

Grindelwald is a municipality in the administrative district of Interlaken-Oberhasli  in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. It is at the base of the railway to the Jungfraujoch.

References

Other websites 

 Grindelwald official website

Municipalities of Bern
Solvation

Solvation, commonly called dissolution, is the process of attraction and association of molecules of a solvent with molecules or ions of a solute. The solvation is the action of dissolving the mix to form the solution.

Related pages
 Solubility
 Solution

More reading
  (part A),  (part B),  (part C)

Chemistry
Duchy of Mecklenburg-Strelitz

The Duchy of Mecklenburg-Strelitz was a duchy in northern Germany,  it was about the same as the modern rural district of Mecklenburg-Strelitz.  The duchy also had three exclaves near the town of Fürstenberg and the area around Ratzeburg in modern Schleswig-Holstein.

History
The Duchy of Mecklenburg-Strelitz was set up in 1701. The capital was Neustrelitz. In 1808, the duchy joined the Confederation of the Rhine.  The Congress of Vienna made it a grand duchy and member of the German Confederation.  Mecklenburg-Strelitz joined the North German Confederation in 1867, and became a part of the German Empire in 1871.  On January 1, 1934 it was joined with the neighbouring state of Mecklenburg-Schwerin to form the State of Mecklenburg (today part of the federal state of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania).

The US county Mecklenburg (Charlotte, North Carolina) is named after Mecklenburg-Strelitz and Strelitz-born Princess Charlotte (queen consort of King George III of the United Kingdom). The flower Strelitzia ("Bird of Paradise") also is in honor of her home country. Queen Luise of Prussia also was a born princess of Mecklenburg-Strelitz.

Dukes of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, 1701–1815
Adolf Friedrich II 1701–1708
Adolf Friedrich III 1708–1752
Adolf Friedrich IV 1752–1794
Karl II of Mecklenburg-Strelitz 1794–1815

Grand Dukes of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, 1815–1918
Charles II, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz 1815–1816
Georg, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz 1816–1860
Friedrich Wilhelm 1860–1904
Adolf Friedrich V 1904–1914
Adolf Friedrich VI 1914–1918
Friedrich Franz IV, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin 1918 (Regent)

Other websites
 House of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
 Map of Mecklenburg in 1789

Mecklenburg-Strelitz
States of the Confederation of the Rhine
States of the German Confederation
States of the North German Confederation
States of the German Empire
Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
1701 establishments
1918 disestablishments in Germany
18th-century establishments in Germany
1700s establishments in Europe
771



Events 
 Charlemagne becomes King of all the Franks after the death of his brother Carloman

Deaths 
 4 December: Carloman, brother of Charlemagne
Pica (disorder)

Pica ( ) is an eating disorder where a person wants to eat things that are not normal to eat, for example nails, rocks or feces. A person with pica may also have a strong want to eat unusual things that are normally considered food but not in the normal way, for example, uncooked potatoes, flour or starch. It is common in small children.

Eating disorders
Camillo Berneri

Camillo Berneri (also known as Camillo da Lodi; 1877, Lodi–May 5 1937, Barcelona) was an Italian professor of philosophy, anarchist militant, propagandist and theorist.

Berneri, a World War I veteran, University of Florence professor of humanities, and a member of the Unione Anarchica Italiana, fought always Fascists, and he started to fight fascism until 1926, when he was forced to escape from Italy and he went in France, then Switzerland, Germany, Belgium, Luxembourg, and finally the Netherlands. In all these countries, Berneri was frequently placed under arrest, and then often expelled, because he was an anarchist. When he was in these countries he wrote lot of anti-clerical and anti-fascist articles.

With Carlo Rosselli, Berneri organized the first troop (column) of Italian volunteers to fight in the Spanish Civil War against Francisco Franco. After months he became highly critical of the involvement of Confederación Nacional del Trabajo (CNT) members in the Popular Front government, and he sent a letter to Federica Montseny (Anarchist minister for Health in the government against fascism).

During the Barcelona May Days, as troop of Communist Party of Spain members (apparently under orders from Joseph Stalin) searched  and then murdered him. His body, riddled with bullets, was found during the night, near the headquarters of the Generalitat de Catalunya.

He was married to Giovanna Berneri and was father of Marie-Louise Berneri and Giliane Berneri. The children were anarchists as the father Camillo.

Related pages
Anarchism in Italy

Other websites
 Camillo Berneri Page  on the Anarchist Encyclopedia site
 The Writings of Camillo Berneri

1877 births
1937 deaths
Italian people
Anarchist communists
Spanish Civil War
Scenario

In context with theatre and movies a scenario (from Italian, that which is pinned to the scenery) is a description of an event or series of actions and events. In the Commedia dell'arte it was an outline of entrances, exits, and action describing the story of a play that was literally pinned to the back of the scenery. 

Surviving scenari from the Renaissance contain little other than character names, brief descriptions of action, and references to specific lazzi with no further explanation. It is believed that a scenario forms the basis of a fully improvisational performance though it is also likely that they were simple reminders of the plot for those members of the cast who were literate. 

In the creation of an opera or ballet, a scenario is often developed initially to indicate how the original source, if any, is to be adapted.  This sketch can be helpful in "pitching" the idea to a prospective producer, director, or composer.

Scenarios are also used in policy planning, and when trying out strategies against uncertain future developments. Here the key idea is for the scenario to be an overview, a summary, of a projected course of action, events or situations. Scenarios are widely used by organizations of all types to understand different ways that future events might unfold.

Theater
Planning
Scenario (disambiguation)

Scenario may refer to:
 Scenario, a brief description of an event.
 Screenplay, in movies.
 Scenario (computing), a typical interaction between the user and the system or between two software components.
 Scenario analysis, a process of analysing possible future events by considering alternative possible outcomes. 
 Scenario paintball, a variant of the game of paintball.
 Scenario planning, a strategic planning method that some organisations use to make flexible long-term plans.
 Scenario test, a test based on a hypothetical story used to help a person think through a complex problem or system.
 Kingmaker scenario, in a game of three or more players, is an endgame situation where a losing player, him- or herself unable to win, has the capacity to determine which player among others is the winner.
 User scenario, used to communicate an idea for a product or experience involving interactivity.
Scenario (A Tribe Called Quest), a 1992 song by hip-hop group, A Tribe Called Quest.
Wu Cheng'en

Wu Cheng'en (, ca. 1500–1582), courtesy name Ruzhong (汝忠), was a Chinese novelist and poet of the Ming Dynasty. He was born in Huainan, Jiangsu. He studied in ancient Nanjing University for more than 10 years. 

His most famous novel is Journey to the West in which a monk encounters the Flaming Mountains.  The novel has been enjoyed by many generations of Chinese and is the most popular Chinese classic folk novel. The most famous English translation of the novel is by Arthur Waley and entitled Monkey.

Related pages
List of Chinese writers

Footnotes

References 
Zhou, Xianshen, Encyclopedia of China, 1st ed.

1500 births
1582 deaths
Literature since 1500
Chinese novelists
Chinese poets
Nanjing

Nanjing  is the capital of China's Jiangsu Province, and a city with a prominent place in Chinese history and culture.  Nanjing was the capital of China during several historical periods, including the former capital city of Republic of China, and is listed as one of the Four Great Ancient Capitals of China. Nanjing is also one of the fifteen sub-provincial cities in the People's Republic of China's administrative structure. It has autonomy for jurisdiction and economy only slightly less than that of a province.

It lies in the downstream Yangtze River drainage basin and Yangtze River Delta. With an urban population of over five million, it is also the second largest commercial center in the East China region, behind only Shanghai.

Name

The Mandarin Chinese name of the city is , which means "The Southern Capital". It got this name when the Yongle Emperor of the Ming family of rulers moved most of his government to Beijing ("The Northern Capital") in the early 1400s. In Chinese, Nanjing's name is written . Today, people spell it "Nanjing" because they use the pinyin way of spelling. Pinyin tries to show how the word should sound in Mandarin. People also used to write it , using Mr.Wade and Mr.Giles's way of spelling, and "Nanking", using the Chinese Postal Map's way.

History
 Nanjing Massacre

Political divisions 
Nanjing Municipality is divided into 11 districts.
 Xuanwu District
 Qinhuai District
 Yuhuatai District
 Gulou District
 Pukou District
 Liuhe District
 Qixia District
 Jianye District
 Jiangning District
 Lishui District
 Gaochun District

Attractions
 City Wall and the Gate of China
 Greenland Financial Center
 Jiming Temple
 Hongshan Zoo
 Nanjing Massacre Museum
 Nanjing Museum
 Presidential Palace
 Purple Mountain
 Purple Mountain Observatory
 Sun Yat-sen's Tomb
 Temple of Confucius
 Xuanwu Lake
 Yangtze River Bridge
 Yuhuatai Park

Education 
 Nanjing University

Sister cities 
Nanjing currently has 18 sister cities (areas), namely: 
  Alsace, France
  Barranquilla, Colombia
  Bloemfontein, South Africa
  Eindhoven, Netherlands
  Florence, Italy
  Hauts-de-Seine, France
  Houston, Texas, U.S.
  Leipzig, Germany
   Limassol, Cyprus
  London, Ontario, Canada
  Malacca Town, Malaysia (2001)
  Mexicali, Mexico
  Nagoya, Japan
  Perth, Australia
  St. Louis, Missouri, U.S. (Nov 02, 1978, The 1st pair of Twin Cities between America and People's Republic of China)
   Daejeon, South Korea
  Birmingham, United Kingdom
  Belo Horizonte, Brazil

Notes

Sources

Pages

Books

Other websites 

 
 Nanjing Government website
 Jiangsu Network  Nanjing city guide with open directory
 Nanjing travel guide from the website Synotrip
 Nanking Illustrated is an old book from 1624

|-
Arthur Waley

Arthur David Waley (August 19, 1889 – June 27, 1966) was a famous English Orientalist and Sinologist.

Life
Waley was born in Tunbridge Wells, Kent England, as Arthur David Schloss. He changed his surname to the maiden name of his grandmother, Waley, in 1914, because he was a Jew. He was appointed Assistant Keeper of Oriental Prints and Manuscripts at the British Museum in 1913. During this time he taught himself Chinese and Japanese. In 1929 he left to concentrate himself fully to his literary and cultural interests.

Selected works
 A Hundred and Seventy Chinese Poems, 1918
 More Translations from the Chinese (Alfred A. Knopf, New York, 1919).
 Japanese Poetry: The Uta, 1919
 The Nō Plays of Japan, 1921
 The Tale of Genji, by Lady Murasaki, 1921-1933
 The Temple and Other Poems, 1923
 Introduction to the Study of Chinese Painting, 1923
 The Pillow Book of Sei Shōnagon, 1928
 The Way and its Power: A Study of the Tao Te Ching and its Place in Chinese Thought, 1934
 The Book of Songs (Shih Ching), 1937
 The Analects of Confucius, 1938
 Three Ways of Thought in Ancient China, 1939
 Translations from the Chinese, a compilation, 1941
 Monkey, 1942
 Chinese Poems, 1946
 The Life and Times of Po Chü-I, 1949
 The Real Tripitaka and Other Pieces, 1952
 The Nine Songs: A Study of Shamanism in Ancient China, 1955
 Yuan Mei: Eighteenth Century Chinese Poet, 1956
 The Opium War through Chinese Eyes, 1958
 The Poetry and Career of Li Po, 1959
 Ballads and Stories from Tun-Huang, 1960
 The Secret History of the Mongols, 1963

References
 Alison Waley, A Half of Two Lives (London, 1982)
 Ivan I. Morris, Madly Singing in the Mountains: An Appreciation and Anthology of Arthur Waley (London,: Allen & Unwin, 1970).
 John Walter de Gruchy, Orienting Arthur Waley: Japonism, Orientalism, and the Creation of Japanese Literature in English Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press, 2003. .

Other websites
 Warring States Project, University of Massachusetts Biography  
Waley's translation of The Way and its Power 
 

1889 births
1966 deaths
English poets
English scientists
Jewish British scientists
Jewish British writers
British linguists
Oriental studies

Oriental studies include Near Eastern and Far Eastern societies and cultures, languages, and peoples and their histories; in recent years the term Asian studies has mostly replaced the older term. European study of the region had primarily religious origins, which has remained an important motivation until recent times.

Related pages
Islamic studies
Japan studies
Lev Chernyi

Lev Chernyi (18??-1921) was a Russian anarchist poet who was imprisoned in Siberia under the Russian Czarist regime for his revolutionary activities.

Articles 

In 1907, he published a book entitled Associational Anarchism, in which he speak about the "free association of independent individuals.". Chernyi was greatly influenced by individualist-anarchist Max Stirner.

On his return from Siberia in 1917 he enjoyed great popularity among Moscow workers. He was also Secretary of the Moscow Federation of Anarchist Groups, which was formed in March, 1917. 

In the spring of 1918, in reaction to the growing repression of all opposition and free expression, the anarchist groups within the Moscow Federation formed armed gangs, the Black Guards, and Lev Chernyi played an active part in these. 

On the night of April 11, 1918 the Cheka, the secret police, attacked the building of the Moscow Federation, and the Black Guards offered armed resistance. About forty anarchists were killed or striked and about five hundred were imprisoned. 

In 1919 Chernyi joined a group called the Underground Anarchists, who published two numbers of a broadsheet which denounced the Communist dictatorship as the biggest tyranny in human history. On September 25, 1919, a little group of social revolutionaries and anarchists bombed the headquarters of the "Moscow Committee" of the Communist Party in protest at the growing repression. Twelve Communists were killed and forty-five others were mutilated.

Death 
August, 1921, the Moscow Izvestia published an official report announcing that ten "anarchist bandits" had been shot without hearing or trial. Among the dead was Lev Chernyi although Paul Avrich indicates in two of his books on the Russian anarchists that Chernyi was executed in September of that year, not August. Although he was not involved in the bombing of the Moscow Communist headquarters, he was, because of his association with the Underground Anarchists, a likely candidate for a frame-up. The Communists refused to turn over his body to his family for burial, and there were persistent rumors that he had in fact died of torture.

19th-century births
1921 deaths
Russian poets
Anarchists
Luigi Fabbri

Luigi Fabbri (23 December 1877 – 24 June 1935) was an Italian anarchist, writer, agitator and propagandist who was charged with defeatism during the World War I. He was the father of Luce Fabbri.

Life and death
Born in Fabriano (Ancona), Italy in 1877, Fabbri was first sentenced for anarchist activities at the age of 16 in Ancona, and spent many years in and out of Italian prisons. Fabbri was a long time supporter of  to the anarchist press in Europe and later South America, including co-editing, with Errico Malatesta, the paper L'Agitazione.  He helped edit the paper "Università popolare" in Milan.Fabbri was a delegate to the International Anarchist Congress held in Amsterdam in 1907. He died in Montevideo, Uruguay in 1935.

Works
Life of Malatesta , translated by Adam Wight (originally published 1936).
Malatesta: L'Uomo e il Pensiero
Bourgeoise Influences on Anarchism
Letters to a Woman on Anarchy, 1905
Workers' Organisation and Anarchy, 1906 pamphlet
The School and the Revolution, 1912
Letters to a Socialist, 1913
The Aware Generation, 1913
Dictatorship and Revolution, 1921
Preventive Counter-revolution, 1922
Editor of L'Agitazione
Founded Il Pensiero ("The Think"), Lotta Umana (Uman Fight), Studi Sociale (Social Study)
Contributed to La Question Sociale (Social Question), Pensiero e Volonta, Fede Libero Accordo, L'Avvenire Sociale

Other websites
"Libcom" page on Fabbri

1877 births
1935 deaths
Italian writers
Anarchist communists
Francisco Ferrer y Guardia

Francesc Ferrer i Guàrdia (; 14 January 1859 – 13 October 1909) commonly known as Francisco Ferrer, was a Spanish Catalan "free-thinker" and anarchist.

Early life 
He was born in Alella (a small town near Barcelona). A supporter of Spanish republican leader Ruiz Zorilla, Ferrer was exiled to Paris with his wife and children in 1885. Divorcing his first wife in 1899, he remarried a rich Parisian teacher some time after.

In 1901 he returned to Spain and opened la Escuela Moderna (The Modern School) to teach middle-class children (then) radical social values, the school was free.  In 1906 he was arrested and accused of helping with Mateu Morral's attack on King Alphonso XIII and released a year later.  His school failed and closed while he was incarcerated.

Works 
Early in the summer of 1908, after his release from jail, he wrote the story of the Modern School. The book was called The Origins and Ideals of the Modern School and was translated into English by Joseph McCabe and published by the Knickerbocker Press in 1913.

When the martial law was reused in 1909 during the Tragic Week, he was arrested, convicted without any proof and executed by firing squad at Montjuich Fortress in Barcelona on 13 October.

After his execution, numerous supporters of Ferrer's ideas in the United States formed what were called Modern Schools, or Ferrer Schools. The first and most important Modern School was formed in New York City in 1911, and then later a community was founded around a school, known as Ferrer Colony and Modern School.

References

Other websites

Francisco Ferrer Collection MSS 248. Special Collections & Archives, UC San Diego Library.
Francisco Ferrer Page at the Daily Bleed's Anarchist Encyclopedia
Francisco Ferrer Page at the Anarchy Archives

People executed by firearm
Spanish anarchists
1859 births
1909 deaths
Gaetano Bresci

Gaetano Bresci (November 10, 1869 - May 22, 1901) was an Italian American anarchist who killed Italian King Umberto I. He is still considered a hero by many anarchists and republicans.

Life
Bresci was born in Tuscany, and he went from Italy to the United States, he lived for many time Paterson, New Jersey, where there was a large Italian-American community. He was one of the founders of La Questione Sociale, the Italian language anarchist paper published in Paterson. 

In 1898, the high bread prices led to demonstrations all over Italy. In Milan, an unarmed group of workers, women and children marched together for protesting, near the palace, which was surrounded by a strong military force under command of General Fiorenzo Bava-Beccaris. The people ignored the order to stop, so the General gave the signal of fire with rifles and cannons, resulting in a massacre of innocent people. Ninety people died, one of whom was Bresci's sister.

Umberto I's killing
King Humbert later decorated Bava-Beccaris, and the king after said thanks to him,for "the defense of the royal house", the king did not do anything for the innocent people died, he decorated the murtder, this is the reason that made Bresci determined to kill the king.Bresci had his loan to the paper returned (without telling his comrades why), and with the money he went to Italy. In Monza, where the king was visiting on July 29, 1900, he shot him three times.

Bresci was captured and put on trial, where he was defended by the anarchist lawyer Francesco Saverio Merlino. He was sentenced in Milan on August 29, 1900, to life imprisonment on the jail of Santo Stefano Island near Ventotene, where lot of other anarchists had also been sent over the years. Less than a year later he was found dead in prison. It is not clear whether he committed suicide, as officially announced, or whether he was murdered by his guards.

Other websites
Gaetano Bresci Page in the Anarchist Encyclopedia 

1869 births
1901 deaths
Italian anarchists
Murderers
Songs for Polarbears

Songs for Polarbears is the debut album by the alternative rock group Snow Patrol. It was released on August 31 1998. Gary Lightbody wrote all of the lyrics, and helped Mark McClelland and Jonny Quinn write the music. The name of the album is a reference to how Snow Patrol was once called 'Polar Bear', but changed their name.

Songs for Polarbears was re-released in 2006.

Track listing

Original release 
 "Downhill From Here" – 3:23
 "Starfighter Pilot" – 3:19
 "The Last Shot Ringing in My Ears" – 4:26
 "Absolute Gravity" – 2:45
 "Get Balsamic Vinegar... Quick You Fool" – 3:27
 "Mahogany" – 2:46
 "NYC" – 4:27
 "Little Hide" – 2:41
 "Make Up" – 2:12
 "Velocity Girl" – 4:37
 "Days Without Paracetamol" – 3:32
 "Fifteen Minutes Old" – 3:08
 "Favourite Friend" – 2:46
 "One Hundred Things You Should Have Done in Bed" (UK release) – 6:14
 "Marketplace" (hidden track on UK version, bonus track on U.S. version)
 "I Could Stay Away Forever" (bonus track on U.S. version)
 "Sticky Teenage Twin" (bonus track on U.S. version)
 "Holy Cow" (bonus track on U.S. version)
 "When You're Right, You're Right (Darth Vader Bringing in His Washing Mix)" (bonus track on U.S. version)

2006 re-release 
 "Downhill From Here" – 3:23
 "Starfighter Pilot" – 3:19
 "The Last Shot Ringing In My Ears" – 4:26
 "Absolute Gravity" – 2:45
 "Get Balsamic Vinegar... Quick You Fool" – 3:27
 "Mahogany" – 2:46
 "NYC" – 4:27
 "Little Hide" – 2:41
 "Make Up" – 2:12
 "Velocity Girl" – 4:37
 "Days Without Paracetamol" – 3:32
 "Fifteen Minutes Old" – 3:08
 "Favourite Friend" – 2:46
 "One Hundred Things You Should Have Done in Bed/ Marketplace" – 6:14
 "Sticky Teenage Twin" – 2:08
 "Limited Edition" – 2:33
 "Jj" – 1:47
 "My Last Girlfriend" – 2:59
 "T.M.T." – 2:51
 "I Could Stay Away Forever" – 4:28
 "When You're Right, You're Right (Darth Vader Bringing In His Washing Mix)" – 3:31
 "Raze The City" – 4:20
 "Riot Please" – 2:52

Snow Patrol albums
Debut albums
1998 albums
Rock albums
San José de Ocoa

The Dominican city of San José de Ocoa is the head municipality of the San José de Ocoa province, on the southern part of the country and close to the Ocoa river.

Name
Ocoa is the name of the river that crosses the province; it is a Taíno word that means "a place with many mountains".

The old name of the town was El Maniel.

Population
The city had, in , a total population of 25,710: 12,819 men and 12,891 women. The urban population was  of the total population.

Geography
San José de Ocoa has a total area of , about  of the total area of the province of San José de Ocoa. The city is an elevation of , and at  to the northwest of Santo Domingo.

San José de Ocoa is on the southern side of the Cordillera Central ("Central mountain range"). The city is along the Ocoa river.

The municipality of San José de Ocoa has the Azua province to the west, the Peravia province to the south, the municipality of Sabana Larga to the north, the municipality of Rancho Arriba to the northwest and the San Cristóbal province to the west.

Climate
San José de Ocoa has a tropical wet and dry/savanna climate (Köppen-Geiger classification: Aw) with a pronounced dry season in winter.

The average amount of rainfall for the year in the city is . The month with the most precipitation on average is May with  of rainfall, followed by September with .

The driest season is winter. The month with the least rainfall on average is January with an average of  and the second is February with .

San José de Ocoa is in a warm region; the average temperature for the year is . The warmest month, on average, is August with an average temperature of . The coolest month on average is January, with an average temperature of .

Administrative division
The municipality of San José de Ocoa has four municipal districts:

Economy
The main economic activity of the municipality is farming; the main products are coffee, beans and potato. Other vegetable, as cabbage and carrot are also grown as well as some tropical fruits (avocado and mango).

References

Settlements in the Dominican Republic
1805 establishments
19th-century establishments in the Spanish West Indies
1800s establishments in North America
Starfighter Pilot

Starfighter Pilot was the debut, or first, EP from the alternative rock band Snow Patrol, and was finished in 1997. It was released on the Electric Honey record label.  The song "Starfighter Pilot" was also put on the band's first full-length album, Songs for Polarbears.

Track listing
"Starfighter Pilot"
"Holy Cow"
"Safety"

1997 albums
When It's All Over We Still Have to Clear Up

When It's All Over We Still Have to Clear Up is the second full-length album by the Alternative rock band Snow Patrol. It was released on March 5 2001. Gary Lightbody wrote all of the lyrics, and wrote the music with Mark McClelland and Jonny Quinn.

When the album first was released, it was not bought enough to get its name onto the top 200 albums chart. After the next album, Final Straw, became popular, people began buying When It's All Over We Still Have To Clear Up, and it went onto the chart.

Track listing

First release
"Never Gonna Fall in Love Again" – 2:10
"Ask Me How I Am" – 2:34
"Making Enemies" – 4:18
"Black and Blue" – 3:40
"Last Ever Lone Gunman" – 2:43
"If I'd Found the Right Words to Say" – 4:47
"Batten Down the Hatch" – 3:29
"One Night Is Not Enough" – 3:23
"Chased by... I Don't Know What" – 2:41
"On/Off" – 2:40
"An Olive Grove Facing the Sea" – 5:18
"When It's All Over We Still Have to Clear Up" – 3:17
"Make Love to Me Forever" – 2:55
"Firelight" – 3:43

2006 re-release
"Never Gonna Fall in Love Again" – 2:10
"Ask Me How I Am" – 2:34
"Making Enemies" – 4:18
"Black and Blue" – 3:40
"Last Ever Lone Gunman" – 2:43
"If I'd Found the Right Words to Say" – 4:47
"Batten Down the Hatch" – 3:29
"One Night Is Not Enough" – 3:23
"Chased by... I Don't Know What" – 2:41
"On/Off" – 2:40
"An Olive Grove Facing the Sea" – 5:18
"When It's All Over We Still Have to Clear Up" – 3:17
"Make Love to Me Forever" – 2:55
"Firelight" – 3:43
"In Command of Cars" – 3:59
"Talk to the Trees" – 1:57
"Monkey Mobe" – 1:16
"Workwear Shop" – 2:25
"Ask Me How I Am" (Video) – 2:44

2001 albums
Snow Patrol albums
Final Straw

Final Straw is the third full-length album by the alternative rock band Snow Patrol. It was released in the United Kingdom in 2003 and in the United States in 2004, under Polydor Records. Gary Lightbody wrote all of the lyrics, and wrote the music with Nathan Connolly, Mark McClelland and Jonny Quinn. The album was the first by Snow Patrol to become popular outside Northern Ireland and Scotland. Final Straw was re-released in the UK in 2004 with two extra tracks, and then was able to be bought in the U.S. without the bonus tracks.

Album credits 
Stephen Marcussen - Mastering
Louie Teran - Mastering
Iain Archer - Vocals (Background)
Bruce White - Viola
James Banbury - Piano, String Arrangements, Cello
Fiona McCapra - Violin
Ben Georgiades 	- Engineer
Snow Patrol - Main Performer
Dan Swift - Engineer
Garrett Lee - Producer, Mixing
Gary Lightbody - Guitar, Glockenspiel, Vocals, Group Member, Vocals (Background), Keyboards
Mark McClelland - Bass, Group Member, Keyboards
Jonny Quinn - Drums, Group Member
Phil Tyreman - Assistant Engineer
Ian Dowling - Assistant Engineer
Mike Nelson - Mixing
Nathan Connolly - Guitar, Group Member, Vocals (Background)
Jeff McLaughlin - Assistant
Chris Lord-Alge - Mixing

Track listing
"How to Be Dead" – 3:22
"Wow" – 4:02 (This song is on the PlayStation 2 game Gran Turismo 4)
"Gleaming Auction" – 2:04
"Whatever's Left" – 2:39
"Spitting Games" – 3:46
"Chocolate" – 3:02
"Run" – 5:54  (This song was part of the soundtrack for the movie Chumscrubber)
"Grazed Knees" – 2:55
"Ways & Means" – 4:48
"Tiny Little Fractures" – 2:27
"Somewhere a Clock Is Ticking" – 4:32
"Same" – 3:54
"We Can Run Away Now They're All Dead and Gone" (UK re-release bonus track) – 3:15
"Half the Fun" (UK re-release bonus track) – 2:54

Chart positions

2003 albums
Snow Patrol albums
Live and Acoustic at Park Ave.

Live and Acoustic at Park Ave. is the second EP by alternative rock band Snow Patrol. It was released in 2005.  All of the songs are played live and are taken from one performance.

Track listing
"Spitting Games"
"How to Be Dead"
"Grazed Knees"
"Chocolate"
"Run"

2005 albums
Eyes Open

Eyes Open is the fourth full-length album by the alternative rock band Snow Patrol. It was released May 1, 2006 internationally, and May 9, 2006 in the United States. The "Special Edition" of the album has a bonus DVD with music videos of "You're All I Have". Eyes Open was the best-selling album in the UK in 2006, and sold more than one and a half million copies.

History

The album reached #1 in its 11th week on the New Zealand chart and reached 2x Platinum there for shipping over 30,000 units.  In the UK, the album became 5x Platinum by the British Phonographic Industry. It has also reached #1 in the ARIA Albums Chart, and became 3x Platinum on January 8, 2007 (210,000+ units shipped). On November 26, 2006, it became the best-selling album of the year in the UK.

Track listing
"You're All I Have" – 4:33
"Hands Open" – 3:17
"Chasing Cars" – 4:27
"Shut Your Eyes" – 3:17
"It's Beginning to Get to Me" – 4:35
"You Could Be Happy" – 3:02
"Make This Go on Forever" – 5:47
"Set the Fire to the Third Bar" (featuring Martha Wainwright) – 3:23
"Headlights on Dark Roads" – 3:30
"Open Your Eyes" – 5:41
"The Finish Line"  – 3:28

The untitled track is a recording of background noise and one of Jacknife Lee's young children talking.

Lyrics by Gary Lightbody, music by Lightbody/Connoly/Simpson/Quinn/Wilson, published by Big Life Music Ltd.
Produced by Jacknife Lee for Big Life Management.

Peak positions and certifications

Other websites

2006 albums
Snow Patrol albums
Epimetheus

Epimetheus is a titan in Greek mythology, and is the brother of Prometheus, a Greek titan who gave all of the creatures something to protect themselves from the elements. By the time he came to the humans, he had run out of feathers and fur to give. He went to his brother, and he gave humans fire.

Epimetheus literally means "thinks after" and Prometheus means "thinks before".

References 
 Kerenyi, Karl, 1951. The Gods of the Greeks, pp 209ff.
 Graves, Robert, (1955) 1960, The Greek Myths'' 39.a-j

Titans
Wrestling

Wrestling is a competition in which two people try to pin the other person to the ground during matches. The people who wrestle are called wrestlers. Striking is not allowed in wrestling. Wrestlers use throws, takedowns, and trips to get their opponents down to the ground. On the ground, they use holds and pins to control their opponent. Wrestling is a popular and effective base for fighters in mixed martial arts competitions.

Western styles of wrestling:
Freestyle
Greco-Roman (French wrestling) 
Collegiate (folk style) (USA)

International folk wrestling styles:
Kuresh ( Central Asia)
Guresh (Turkey)
Sumo (Japan)
Ssireum (Korea)
Bekh (Mongolia)
Chidaoba (Georgia)
Kushti  (India)

Related pages

Professional wrestling
Boxing
Judo
Power trio

The power trio is a popular type of a rock and roll band format since the 1960s. The usual power trio has three people playing the guitar, bass, and drums. It does not include the rhythm guitar or keyboard often included in other rock music. In more recent years, the term has come to mean any type of a three-person band.

Famous power trios
Beck, Bogert & Appice
The Cream
Nirvana

Rock music
Rock bands
Ratchet & Clank: Going Commando

Ratchet & Clank: Going Commando (Ratchet & Clank 2: Locked and Loaded in Europe, Australia and New Zealand) is a 3D platform/shooter for the PlayStation 2. It was developed by Insomniac Games and published by Sony in 2003. It is the second game in the Ratchet & Clank series. The words Going Commando are a phrase, or set of words, for wearing pants with no underwear.

Similar to Ratchet & Clank, Going Commando got high review scores, and has a 92% on Game Rankings, and a 90% from Metacritic. IGN gave the game a score of 9.4/10, and Gamestats gave it a 9.1/10. Game Informer magazine called it Game of the Month when it was released. Going Commando was given a 4/5 from Gamespy and a 5/5 from X-Play.

References

Other websites
 Official site
 Official Insomniac Games website 

2003 video games
PlayStation 2 games
3D platform games
Ratchet & Clank
Gillian Welch

Gillian Howard Welch (born October 2, 1967 in New York City) is an American singer-songwriter. Her musical style combines bluegrass, country, and folk into a style she calls "American Primitive".

References

Other websites
 Official website
 Concert review 

Singer-songwriters from New York
American guitarists
American drummers
Singers from New York City
Musicians from New York City
American bluegrass musicians
Country musicians
American folk musicians
1967 births
Living people
David Rawlings

David Todd Rawlings is a United States guitarist.  He is best known as the musical partner of bluegrass singer-songwriter Gillian Welch. Rawlings has also been a record producer, producing albums such as those by Welch and other artists like Old Crow Medicine Show.

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
American guitarists
American singer-songwriters
American folk musicians
American bluegrass musicians
Singers from Rhode Island
Musicians from Rhode Island
Writers from Rhode Island
Meitnerium

Meitnerium is a chemical element in the periodic table. Its atomic number is 109. It is not found on earth naturally. Because of this, it needs to be made in a science laboratory. Its half life, or the amount of time it takes for half of the element to go away is a little over one second. Meitnerium was first made in 1982. 

The element is named in honor of Lise Meitner (1878-1968).

The two letter abbreviation is Mt and is a solid. Nobody knows for sure what meitnerium looks like, but scientists think it is a white, gray, or silver color.

Other websites 

WebElements.com - Meitnerium

Chemical elements
4-1-1

4-1-1 is a telephone number in the United States and Canada.  411 is called to get help or information on something, for example what the address of a building is, or the telephone number of a company.

Telephone numbers in the United States
Telephone numbers in Canada
N11 codes
The Convent (Gibraltar)

The Convent has been the home of the Governor of Gibraltar since 1728. The building is located near the southern end of Main Street. It is said to be haunted by the ghost of a nun.

References

Gibraltar
704 Interamnia

704 Interamnia is a very big asteroid. Scientists think it is 350 kilometers wide. Its mean distance from the Sun is 3.067 (AU). It was found on October 2, 1910 by Vincenzo Cerulli. It is named after the Latin name for Teramo, Italy, which is where Cerulli worked. It is the fifth heaviest asteroid after Ceres, Vesta, Pallas and Hygiea, and scientists think that it makes up 2.0% of the mass of the whole asteroid belt.

Characteristics 
Although the biggest asteroid apart from the "big four", Interamnia is not studied a lot. 
It is easily the biggest of the F-type asteroids, but there are few details of what the inside is made of or shape and no lightcurve analysis has been done to find out the ecliptic coordinates of Interamnia's poles (and its axial tilt). Its apparently high bulk density (though subject to much error) suggests a very solid body entirely without internal porosity or traces of water. This also strongly suggests that Interamnia is big enough to have withstood all the collisions that have happened in the asteroid belt since the Solar System was made.

Its very dark surface and fairly far distance from the Sun means Interamnia can never be seen with 10x50 binoculars. At most oppositions its magnitude is around +11.0, which is less than the minimum brightness of Vesta, Ceres or Pallas. Even at a near-perihelion opposition its magnitude is only around +9.9, which is over four magnitudes lower than Vesta.

Its orbit is a more eccentric than Hygiea (15% versus 12%) but is different because Hygiea's orbit is much more inclined and takes less time to complete one orbit. Another difference is that Interamnia's perihelion is at the other side of the perihelia of the "big four", so that Interamnia at perihelion is actually closer to the Sun than Ceres and Pallas are at the same longitude. It is unlikely to collide with Pallas because their nodes are located too far apart. Although its nodes are located on the opposite side from those of Ceres, it is generally far from Ceres when both cross the same orbital plane and a collision is again unlikely.

Other websites 
 Orbital simulation  from JPL (Java)
 G. Michalak Determination of asteroid masses Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 374, 703 (2001)
 Animation of Asteroid Interamnia taken on April 1—2nd, 2003
 Occultation of GSC 23450183 by (704) Interamnia on 1996 December 17 (dia: 329 km; rotation period of 8.70 +/- 0.06 hours)
 Interamnia Occultations Observed before 2003
 Occultation  of HIP36189 by (704) Interamnia on 2003 March 23 (dia: 350.4×303.7 km) recorded by Isao Ootsuki (graze) and Hideo Takashima and Fujio Ohbain Japan, analysis by Tsutomu Hayamizu

Asteroids
River Ocoa

The River Ocoa is a river in the southern side of the Cordillera Central, Dominican Republic. It is 68 km long and flows through mountains except near its end in the Caribbean Sea.

Name
Ocoa is a Taíno word that means "a place with mountains"; coa meant "place" and o meant, in some cases, "mountain".

Course
The source of the Ocoa is at the La Chorreosa mountain (also known as La Chorriosa), on the eastern side of Valle Nuevo (Cordillera Central). It flows through the San José de Ocoa province and then form part of the limits between the Azua and Peravia provinces.

It ends at the eastern side of Ocoa Bay, on the Caribbean Sea.

The city of San José de Ocoa is the most important city near the river. Other towns are Las Carreras, Sabana Buey and Villa Fundación, in the Peravia province, and Palmar de Ocoa in the Azua province, near its mouth. The water of the river is used for irrigation in those towns; it is not used for the houses because it has too much solid materials because mountains have very few trees.

The most important tributaries are Banilejo, Canal and Arroyo Parra, all in the higher part of the river. There is not any important tributary in the lower part.

In history
In the 16th century, sugar cane was grown near the mouth of the river to produce sugar.

On April 1849, there was an important battle (the Battle of Las Carreras) here during the Dominican-Haitian War; the fight was on the western side of the river in Las Carreras, a place at about 20 km from the mouth. The Dominican army won the battle against the Haitian army.

References

Rivers of the Dominican Republic
Louise Michel (Paris Metro)

Louise Michel is a station of the Paris Métro, serving Line 3. It is located in the commune of Levallois-Perret northwest of the French capital, Paris.

History
Before 1946, this station was named Vallier after a mountain (2839m)in the Pyrenees near the Val d'Aran. 

The station was renamed on May 1, 1946 to Louise Michel, in honour of the French anarchist and communarde.

Paris
Transport in France