cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Bouldering

Bouldering is a type of rock climbing. It is climbing without rope and harness. It is climbing heights at which the climber does not usually suffer serious injuries in case of a drop. To protect from injuries there are usually special bouldering mats underneath the climber. It is usually practiced on large natural boulders and in climbing gyms.

Bouldering basics
Boulder routes are called "problems", because this style is like solving climbing-problems. The height of boulder problems is rarely higher than 3-5 meters. Otherwise the risk of injuries is too high. Often other climbers, who stand on the ground, spot the climbers to protect them from hitting the ground with the head or the spine.

Equipment
The equipment used by boulderers is not much. They use special climbing shoes, a bouldering mat, some brushes to clean the grips and sports tape.

History
Bouldering was invented in the late 19th century. It has been first documented in France, England and Switzerland. It has been practiced for a long time but in the 1930s and 1940s it was practiced for its own sake in Fontainebleau in France. 

Today many rock climbers are specialized boulderers and it is their favourite style of climbing.

Rock climbing
1979 (song)

"1979" is a song by the American alternative rock band The Smashing Pumpkins.  It was released as the second single from their third studio album, Mellon Collie and the Infinite Sadness.  "1979" was written by frontman Billy Corgan, and features loops and samples that were not like previous Smashing Pumpkins songs. The song was popular with critics and fans; Allmusic's Amy Hanson called it a "somewhat surprising hit". The song was nominated for the Record of the Year and Best Rock Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal at the Grammy Awards.  They won an MTV Video Music Award for Best Alternative Video.

Chart positions

References

1996 songs
Peugeot 407

The Peugeot 407 was a car produced by Peugeot. It succeeded the 406 in 2004, facelifted in 2008 and it was succeeded by the 508 in 2011.

Engines

Petrol 
 1.8 16V 85 kW (115 hp) and 92 kW (125 hp)
 2.0 16V 100 kW (136 hp) and 103 kW (140 hp)
 2.2 16V 116 kW (158 hp) and 120 kW (163 hp)
 3.0 V6 155 kW (211 hp)

Diesel 
 1.6 HDi 80 kW (109 hp)
 2.0 HDi 100 kW (136 hp), 103 kW (140 hp) and 120 kW (163 hp)
 2.2 HDi 125 kW (170 hp)
 2.7 HDi 150 kW (204 hp)
 3.0 HDi 177 kW (241 hp)

407
2000s automobiles
2010s automobiles
Volkswagen Caddy

The Volkswagen Caddy is a van produced by Volkswagen in four generations since 1979.

First generation

The first generation Caddy were produced from 1979 until 1996. It was based on the Volkswagen Golf Mk1.

Engines
 1.5 51 kW
 1.6 55 kW
 1.8 70 kW
 1.6 Diesel 40 kW

Second generation

The second generation was produced from 1995 until 2004. Two versions were available: a van based on the Volkswagen Polo Mk3, and a pickup truck based on the Škoda Felicia.

Engines
 1.4 44 kW
 1.4 16V 55 kW
 1.6 55 kW
 1.7 SDI 42 kW
 1.9 Diesel 47 kW
 1.9 SDI 47 kW
 1.9 TDI 66 kW

Third generation

The third generation was produced from 2003 to 2020. It is based on the Volkswagen Golf Mk5.

Engines
 1.4 16V 55 kW and 59 kW
 1.6 75 kW
 2.0 EcoFuel 80 kW
 1.9 TDI 55 kW and 77 kW
 2.0 SDI 51 kW
 2.0 TDI 103 kW

Fourth generation

The fourth generation was launched in 2020. It is based on the Volkswagen Golf Mk8.

Engines
 1.6 TDI 55 kW and 75 kW
 2.0 TDI 81 kW and 103 kW

Vans
SummerSlam (2010)

SummerSlam (2010) is a professional wrestling pay-per-view made by World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE), that took place on August 15, 2010 at the Staples Center in Los Angeles, California. It was the 23rd yearly SummerSlam event. There were 6 matches on the card.

Results

7-on-7 Elimination Tag Team Match

References

2010 in professional wrestling
SummerSlam
Sports in Los Angeles
2010 in American television
2010s in Los Angeles, California
August events
TLC: Tables, Ladders & Chairs (2009)

TLC: Tables, Ladders & Chairs (2009) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view show made by World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE), that took place on December 13, 2009 at the AT&T Center in San Antonio, Texas. It was the first TLC: Tables, Ladders & Chairs event held by the WWE and was created to replace the Armageddon in the December slot of WWE's pay-per-view calendar.

Results

Other websites

2009 in professional wrestling
Sports in San Antonio, Texas
WWE TLC: Tables, Ladders & Chairs
2009 in the United States
2000s in Texas
21st century in San Antonio, Texas
Two of Us (song)

"Two of Us" is a song by The Beatles, written by Paul McCartney, although it is credited to Lennon/McCartney. Lennon and McCartney sang the song as a duet. It was written for Linda Eastman, McCartney's soon to be wife, though it sounds at times as if it is addressing Lennon, whose relationship with McCartney was tense at that time.

Production

Composition
"Two of Us" was originally a hard rock song. In the Let It Be film, McCartney and Lennon sing the song "rocker" style into the same microphone. McCartney had never been satisfied with this style, which he said was "chunky." And so on 24 January, he and the band reworked it. Lennon had ideas about how the song might sound if Stevie Wonder performed it, and just before revisiting the song, the band had run through the Everly Brothers hit "Cathy's Clown". With these influences and a move from electric guitar to acoustic, the song transformed into the gentler, stripped-down version that fans know today. The Beatles performed a finished version of the song live at Apple Studios on 31 January 1969; this performance was included in both the Let it Be film and album.

The song was originally titled "On Our Way Home". In May 1969, McCartney produced a recording of the song using this title by the group Mortimer, a New York City trio that briefly recorded for Apple, but this recording was never released.

Intro
At the beginning of the recording Lennon says, "'I Dig a Pygmy', by Charles Hawtrey and the Deaf Aids... Phase One, in which Doris gets her oats!" The joke was mixed in by Phil Spector for the Let It Be album and also appeared in the Let It Be film, both released in 1970. "The deaf aids" – a British term for hearing aids at the time – was also the nickname given to the Beatles' Vox amplifiers.

Writing credit
In his 1980 interview with Playboy, Lennon claimed he wrote the song, but he may have been distracted at the time by a previous question about "Don't Let Me Down."

Playboy: "Don't Let Me Down"?
Lennon: That's me, singing about Yoko.
Playboy: "Two of Us"?
Lennon: Mine. By the way, Rod Stewart turned "Don't Let Me Down" into [sings] 'Maggie don't go-o-o.' That's one the publishers never noticed...

In fact, in his 1972 interview with the Hit Parader, Lennon said that Two of Us was written by McCartney.

Personnel
John Lennon – harmony vocal, acoustic guitar, and whistling.
Paul McCartney – lead vocal, acoustic guitar and whistling.
George Harrison – bass-line (played on electric guitar).
Ringo Starr – drums

Notes

Other websites

 
 
 
 

The Beatles songs
1970 songs
Dig a Pony

"Dig a Pony" is a song by The Beatles.

Composition
John Lennon was the song's composer and singer but the song was credited to Lennon/McCartney. It was originally called "All I Want Is You". Lennon would later comment that he thought the song was "a piece of garbage," though he has shown similar scorn for many of his songs. It was written for his soon-to-be wife Yoko Ono, and featured a multitude of strange, seemingly nonsense phrases which were strung together, culminating in the chorus "All I want is you", aimed at Yoko.

The song was one of the songs on Let It Be that was recorded at the rooftop concert. It begins with a false start, with Ringo Starr yelling "hold it!" to halt the other band members because he was holding a cigarette and had only one drum stick in his hand.

Personnel
John Lennon – lead vocal, rhythm guitar
Paul McCartney – backing vocal, bass
George Harrison – backing vocal, lead guitar
Ringo Starr – drums

Notes

The Beatles songs
1970 songs
Not Afraid

"Not Afraid" is a 2010 hip hop song by the American rapper Eminem, and is the first single from his seventh studio album Recovery, which was released in 2010. The song was written by Eminem, Boi-1da, Luis Resto, J. Evans and M. Burnett.

The song is about how Eminem tried to overcome the troubles in his life from the past few years and mainly his drug addiction and rehabilitation.

2010 songs
Eminem songs
Recovery

Recovery is the seventh studio album by American rapper Eminem. It was released on June 18, 2010 by Aftermath Entertainment and Shady Records. The album got very good sales and reviews. Four singles were released from the album: "Not Afraid", "Love the Way You Lie", "No Love", and "Space Bound". It won the 2011 Grammy Award for Best Rap Album.

Songs in the album

References

2010 albums
Eminem albums
Joan Sutherland

Dame Joan Alston Sutherland OM AC DBE (7 November 1926 – 10 October 2010) was an Australian operatic soprano, particularly associated with bel canto repertory and French operas. She possessed a voice of great beauty and considerable power combined with extraordinary agility and a brilliant upper register. She was called La Stupenda by the Italian press, which means The Stupendous One.

Life and career
Born in Sydney, Australia, she studied first with her mother and later with John and Aida Dickens. After a few public appearances, notably in Henry Purcell's Dido and Aenas and Eugene Goossens' Judith, she left for London, England in 1951 to continue her vocal studies with Clive Carey.

She was hired by the Royal Opera House as a utility soprano, making her debut in 1952, as the First Lady in Mozart's The Magic Flute. She went on singing a wide variety of roles such as Amelia (Un ballo in maschera), Aida (Aida), Agathe (Der Freischutz) and Eva (Die Meistersinger von Nurnberg), and also created the role of Jennifer in Michael Tippett's The Midsummer Marriage in 1955.  

She met and married fellow countryman and accompanist Richard Bonynge in 1954, who recognized her potential for the bel canto repertoire and guided her in that direction. This led to her appearance in Donizetti's Emilia di Liverpool and Handel's Alcina in 1957, and eventually the title role in Lucia di Lammermoor at the Royal Opera House in 1959, which proved a sensational success and launched her international career.

She was rapidly invited to appear at most of the great opera houses of the world (Milan, Paris, New York, etc.) to great acclaim. Some of her most famous roles include; Rossini's Semiramide, Bellini's La sonnambula, Norma, Beatrice di Tenda, I puritani, Donizetti's Lucrezia Borgia, Maria Stuarda, Verdi's La traviata, amongst many others. She also resurrected some long neglected works like Massenet's Le Roi de Lahore and Esclarmonde.

Sutherland retired from the stage in 1990. She was made a Dame of the British Empire (DBE) in 1978. She died of cardiopulmonary failure at her home near Montreux, Switzerland, at the age of 83.

References

 The New Everyman Dictionary of Music, Eric Blom, revised by David Cummings, D.M. Dent & Sons Limited, 1988.

Australian singers
Musicians from Sydney
Sopranos
Opera singers
Deaths from heart failure
1926 births
2010 deaths
Australian of the Year Award winners
Cardiovascular disease deaths in Switzerland
Grammy Award winners
Knights and Dames Commander of the Order of the British Empire
Order of Australia
Order of Merit
Love the Way You Lie

"Love the Way You Lie" is a 2010 hip hop song by the American rapper Eminem and featured Barbadian singer Rihanna, and is the second single from his seventh studio album Recovery, which was released in 2010. The song was written by Eminem, A. Grant, H. Hafferman, M. Riddick.

H. Hafferman is Holly Brook Hafermann who now writes and records as Skylar Grey.

The song's music video stars Megan Fox and Dominic Monaghan as a couple in a violent abusive love-hate relationship.

2010 songs
Eminem songs
Rihanna songs
Hip hop songs
R&B songs
Time Flies... 1994–2009

{{Infobox Album 
| name = Time Flies... 1994–2009
| type = compilation
| artist = Oasis
| cover = 
| released = 14 June 2010
| recorded = –
| genre = Alternative rock, Britpop
| length = 156:01
| label = Big Brother
| producer = Oasis, Owen Morris, Dave Sardy, Mark Coyle, Dave Batchelor, Mark Stent
| prev_title = Dig Out Your Soul(2008)
–2009(2010)
| next_title = 
}}Time Flies... 1994–2009''' is a compilation album released by the rock band Oasis.  The album contains all 27 UK singles released by the band between 1994 and 2009.  The record features the songs "Whatever" and "Lord Don't Slow Me Down" which had previously never appeared on an Oasis album.  "Sunday Morning Call" is not listed anywhere on the artwork but appears as a hidden track on Disc 2, track 13.  The reason for this is not known.

Five different versions of the album were released.  They are the 2CD version, DVD, the Deluxe Box Set, 5LP Box Set and the iTunes Deluxe Edition.
In Japan it entered the charts at number 2 with sales of 59,348 copies.  The album entered the charts at number 1 in the UK with the second highest first week sales in 2010 to date with 101,297.

A boxset featuring postcards of the sleeves of every UK Oasis single was released concurrently with the album.

Track listing
Disc 1 and 2

 "Champagne Supernova" is listed first track on Disc 2 of United States version.The US version does not contain "Sunday Morning Call" as a hidden track due to time limitations.

 Disc 3: DVD
The DVD includes all the music videos from "Supersonic" to "Falling Down", and in addition, previous unreleased live video versions of "Gas Panic!", and "Little by Little". Also includes commentary on music videos by Oasis members. 
Two iTunes Live Festival videos of "Half the World Away" and "Slide Away" are only available with the iTunes Deluxe Edition.

Disc 4: iTunes Live: London Festival

All tracks recorded live at the London Roundhouse from the iTunes Festival 2009. Tracks 1, 7, 12 and 20 are only available with the iTunes Deluxe Edition.* = released as part of the iTunes Festival 2009'' EP.

Release history

Charts

References

official oasis recordstore webstore,8 June 2010
http://itunes.apple.com/gb/preorder/time-flies-1994-2009-deluxe/id374345103

Oasis (band) albums
2010 albums
Chicken Huntin'

"Chicken Huntin'" is a 1995 midwest hip hop song by the American Horrorcore band Insane Clown Posse and is the first single from their third studio album Riddle Box, which was released in 1995. The song was produced by Insane Clown Posse and Mike Clark.

The song is about meeting and killing multiple racist rednecks, who the band referred to as 'Chickens'.

Insane Clown Posse songs
1995 songs
Halls of Illusions

"Halls of Illusions'" is a 1997 midwest hip hop song by the American horrorcore band Insane Clown Posse. It is the first single from their fourth studio album The Great Milenko (1997). The song was produced by Insane Clown Posse and Mike Clark. It featured Slash on the guitar.

The song is about the band's hatred towards child abuse and domestic violence.
The song has swearing but is loved by many Juggalos.

Insane Clown Posse songs
1997 songs
Little ground squirrel

The little ground squirrel (Spermophilus pygmaeus) is a species of rodent in the Sciuridae family. It is found in Georgia, Kazakhstan, Russia, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan. 

The Caucasian mountain ground squirrel, Spermophilus musicus, was previously a subspecies, but is now a separate species.

This species is diurnal and lives in grassland, uncultivated ground, field edges and roadside verges. It avoids areas with dense long vegetation. It lives in colonies and builds burrows. It makes permanent burrows for hibernation and reproduction and temporary burrows for shelter. Before hibernation, all exits from the burrow are plugged by soil. In March or April the entrances are opened, the burrows cleaned and new construction starts. It uses mounds on the surface as look-out points.

References 

Squirrels
Mammals of Asia
Mammals of Europe
Montserrat Caballé

Montserrat Caballé (12 April 1933 – 6 October 2018) was a Spanish (Catalan) operatic soprano. She was one of the greatest opera singers of the 20th century. She sang a wide variety of roles. She was particularly associated with the bel canto repertoire in which she was considered one of the finest modern examples. She had a voice of great range.

Life and career

Caballé was born in Barcelona, Spain. She studied at the Music Conservatory there and graduated in 1954 with a gold medal. She began her professional career in Basel in 1956 as Mimi in La bohème. She then joined the Bremen Opera. She sang from 1959 to 1962 in a wide variety of roles.

International recognition came in 1965, when she appeared in a concert performance of Donizetti's Lucrezia Borgia at Carnegie Hall in New York City as a replacement for an indisposed Marilyn Horne. The performance won her great acclaim from the public and critics alike, and it made her an overnight sensation. Her success led to her first performance at the Metropolitan Opera that same year as Marguerite in Gounod's Faust. 

She was later invited to sing at most of the major opera houses and festivals of the world. She was especially admired in works by composers such as Rossini, Donizetti, Bellini and Verdi. She revived a number of long-neglected works by these composers.

In 1987, she duetted with Queen frontman Freddie Mercury for the hit single Barcelona. That single became a hit again in 1992 during the Olympics that were being held there. 

Caballé died on 6 October 2018 at the age of 85 from a gallbladder infection in Barcelona.

Notes

Sources

 The Complete Dictionary of Opera & Operetta, James Anderson, Wings Books, 1993.
 Le Guide de l'Opéra, Roland Mancini & Jean-Jacques Rouveroux, Fayard, 1986.

1933 births
2018 deaths
Infectious disease deaths in Spain
Musicians from Barcelona
Spanish opera singers
Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
Sopranos
Spanish singers
Maria Callas

Maria Callas (December 3, 1923 – September 16, 1977) was a Greek soprano. She was one of the most famous and most controversial opera singers of the 20th century. She had a very distinctive voice of great range, power and agility enabling her to sing a wide variety of roles and was a singer-actress of great dramatic intensity. She was dubbed La Divina (The Divine One) by her admirers. She was mainly associated with the Italian repertoire, particularly Bellini's Norma, Donizetti's Lucia di Lammermoor, Verdi's La traviata and Puccini's Tosca.

Life and career

Born Maria Kalogeroupoulou in New York City, to Greek parents, she returned to Greece in 1937, with her mother and older sister. There, she studied singing with Elvira de Hidalgo, and made her debut while still a teenager with the Athens Opera in 1941.

During a short return to America to visit her father in 1945, she auditioned at the Metropolitan Opera without success. Her first major break came with her Italian debut in Verona in 1947, as La Gioconda. There, she met conductor Tullio Serafin who became her mentor and guided her towards the bel canto repertoire. She sang her first Norma in Florence in 1948, and the following year, as a last minute replacement, she appeared as Elvira in Bellini's I puritani in Venice, which was to be her first great success. 

In 1949, she married industrialist Giovanni Battista Meneghini who became her manager. She was sometimes known as Maria Meneghini Callas after her marriage.   

Shortly after, she made her debut at La Scala in Milan, where the major part of her career and greatest triumphs were to take place. In collaboration with conductors like Carlo Maria Giulini, Leonard Bernstein, Gianandrea Gavazzeni, and directors like Franco Zeffirelli and Luchino Visconti, lavish productions of works such as Cherubini's Medea, Spontini's La Vestale, Bellini's La sonnambula and Norma, Donizetti's Anna Bolena and Poliuto, Verdi's La traviata and Un ballo in maschera, were made especially for her to great acclaim. 

She also made guest appearances at the Royal Opera House in London, the Berlin State Opera, the Paris Opéra, the Lyric Chicago Opera, the Dallas Opera and  the Metropolitan Opera in New York City. 

In 1958, she met Greek shipping magnate Aristotle Onassis which led to her divorce from Meneghini, and slowly began to withdraw from the stage. Her final appearance was in Tosca in London in 1965. She made a last world concert tour in 1973–74 with her often partner tenor Giuseppe Di Stefano, but by then her voice was almost gone. 

Callas died of a heart attack in Paris, France, at the age of 53.

Reference
 The Complete Dictionary of Opera & Operetta, James Anderson, Wings Books, 1993.
 Broadcast  auditions (2) “Maria Callas” (cycle “From collection of the rare recordings” by Maxim Malkov – in Russian).

1923 births
1977 deaths
Cardiovascular disease deaths in France
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Greek singers
Italian opera singers
Singers from New York City
Sopranos
Ultramarine

Ultramarine is a blue pigment, and the name of a blue colour. The pigment is found naturally. It is ground down from a mineral called Lazurite, the main component of lapis lazuli. The colour is due to the presence of S−3 anions (trisulfur).

Synthetic ultramarine
Synthetic ultramarine is a more vivid blue than natural ultramarine, since the particles in synthetic ultramarine are smaller and more uniform than natural ultramarine and therefore diffuse light more evenly.

Artificial, like natural, ultramarine has a magnificent blue colour. Since it is not affected by light or contact with oil or lime, it is used in painting. 

A small addition of zinc-white (zinc oxide) causes the colour to become less vivid (~bright). Synthetic ultramarine, invented in the 1820s, is very cheap. It is largely used for wall painting, the printing of paperhangings and calico. It is also used to correct the yellowish tinge found in things meant to be white, such as linen, paper, etc. Bluing or "laundry blue" is a solution of synthetic ultramarine (sometimes, prussian blue) that is used for this purpose when washing white clothes. Large amounts are used in making paper, especially the kind of pale blue writing paper popular in Britain. During World War I, the RAF painted the outer roundels with a colour based on ultramarine blue. This became BS 108(381C) Aircraft Blue. It was replaced in the 1960s by a new color based on phthalocyanine blue, BS110(381C) Roundel Blue.

Comparison of green, teal, blue and ultramarine

Related pages

 List of colors
 Blue
 Indigo
 Navy blue
 Prussian blue

References 

Pigments
Materials
The Last Airbender (video game)

The Last Airbender is a video game for Wii and Nintendo DS. It is based on the movie of the same name. It was released on 29 June 2010 in USA. It was released in Europe on 6 August 2010. It will be released in Australia on September 2010. Like the previous Avatar games, it was developed by THQ Studio Australia and published by THQ.

Character 
Aang - Air Nomads
Zuko - Fire Nations

Related pages
 The Last Airbender
 Avatar: The Last Airbender
 Avatar: The Last Airbender (video game)

References 
 The Last Airbender - Wii

Other websites 
 Official game page  from THQ.com

Avatar: The Last Airbender games
Nintendo DS games
Wii games
THQ games
Video games based on movies
Nicktoons Nitro

Nicktoons Nitro is a video game which is a sequel to Nicktoons Racing and Nicktoons Winners Cup Racing. It features characters from the TV shows: SpongeBob SquarePants, Danny Phantom, The Adventures of Jimmy Neutron: Boy Genius, The Fairly OddParents, Invader Zim, Avatar: The Last Airbender, Back at the Barnyard, The Mighty B!, Ricky Sprocket: Showbiz Boy, Kappa Mikey, Dora the Explorer, Go, Diego, Go!, Wow! Wow! Wubbzy!, Ni Hao, Kai-Lan, Maggie and the Ferocious Beast, and My Life as a Teenage Robot, The game features Mario Kart like gameplay. The game was released in 2009 as an arcade game by developer Raw Thrills.

Characters

SpongeBob SquarePants
Danny Phantom
Jimmy Neutron
Timmy Turner
Zim
Aang
Otis the Cow
Bessie Higgenbottom
Ricky Sprocket
Mikey Simon
Dora
Diego
Wubbzy
Kai-Lan
Maggie
Hamilton
Beast
Jenny Wakeman
Evil Nitro 1
Evil Nitro 2

List of platforms

Bikini Bottom
Ghost Zone
RetroLand
Fairy World
Irken City
Four Nations
Mrs. Beady's Garden
Honeybee Highway
WishWorks Studios
Lilymu Circuit
Dora Speedway
Diego Raceway
Wuzzleburg Whiplash
Kai-Lan's Clubhouse
Nowhere Land
Seonna Hong
Planet Nitro A
Planet Nitro B

Voice actors

 Tom Kenny - SpongeBob SquarePants, Evil Nitro 1
 David Kaufman - Danny Phantom
 Debi Derryberry - Jimmy Neutron
 Tara Strong - Timmy Turner
 Richard Steven Horvitz - Invader Zim
 Zach Tyler Eisen - Aang
 Chris Hardwick - Otis the Cow
 Amy Poehler - Bessie Higgenbottom
 Jillian Michaels - Ricky Sprocket
 Michael Sinterniklaas - Mikey Simon
 Janice Kawaye - Jenny Wakeman XJ-9
 Tress MacNeille - Dora, Evil Nitro 2
 Jason Marsden - Diego
 Luci Christian - Wubbzy
 Brina Palencia - Kai-Lan
 Kristen Bone - Maggie
 Michael Caruana - Hamilton Hocks
 Stephen Ouimette - Beast

References

Other websites
 Raw Thrills - Nicktoons Nitro 
 News Article

2009 video games
Arcade games
Avatar: The Last Airbender games
Lead carbonate

Lead carbonate is a compound composed of lead and carbonate ions. It contains lead in the +2 oxidation state. It is made by mixing lead(II) acetate and carbon dioxide. It does not dissolve in water. It is poisonous because it has lead in it. It produces lead(II) oxide when heated.

Related pages
Lead(IV) oxide
Lead nitrate
Lead

Lead compounds
Carbonates
Lead nitrate

Lead nitrate is a chemical compound. It has lead and nitrate ions in it. It was known long ago as plumb dulcis. The lead is in the +2 oxidation state.

Properties
Lead nitrate is a white solid. It is one of the few lead compounds that can dissolve in water. Lead(II) acetate is the other lead compound that can dissolve. It is an oxidizing agent. It crackles when it is heated. It is toxic because it has lead in it.

Preparation
It is made by dissolving lead, lead(II) oxide, or lead(II) carbonate in nitric acid.

Uses
It is used to make other lead compounds.

Related pages
Lead(II) oxide
Lead carbonate

Nitrogen compounds
Lead compounds
Lead(II) acetate

Lead(II) acetate is a chemical compound composed of lead and acetate ions. It contains lead in the +2 oxidation state. It is also known as sugar of lead, salt of Saturn, and Goulard's powder. It is used to make other lead compounds. It dissolves in water, although most lead compounds do not. Lead nitrate does though. It is used in cosmetics and testing for hydrogen sulfide. It is toxic because it contains lead.

Related pages
Lead(II) nitrate
Lead carbonate
Lead(II) oxide

Lead compounds
Acetate

Acetate, also known as ethanoate, is the salt of acetic acid (vinegar). It is formed when acetic acid is deprotonated. Its chemical formula is CH2COOH-  when it exists as an ion. Acetate salts turn brown when heated, and smell like acetic acid.

Acetate is usually found as part of a compound formed as a salt, for example sodium acetate, often as the product of a neutralisation reaction of acetic acid and a base.

Related pages

Acetic acid
Protonation
Acid

Chemicals
Beverly Sills

Beverly Sills (May 25, 1929 – July 2, 2007) is an American operatic soprano particularly associated with Italian bel canto and French operas.

Life and Career
Born Belle Silverman, in Brooklyn, New York, as a child prodigy, she began singing on radio shows at the age of three and began formal vocal studies at the age of seven with Estelle Liebling.

She began her professional career in 1947 with touring companies and later joined the New York City Opera in 1955. After singing a wide variety of roles, she obtained her first great success with Douglas Moore's The Ballad of Baby Doe in 1959, and finally achieved international recognition in 1966, with the role of Cleopatra in Handel's Giulio Cesare.
This was followed by the much acclaimed Donizetti's Tudor trilogy Anna Bolena, Maria Stuarda and Roberto Devereux. 

This led to her being invited to sing at the Vienna State Opera (1968), La Scala in Milan (1969), the Royal Opera House in London (1970), and finally at the Metropolitan Opera in New York in 1975. 
   
Other notable roles have included; I Capuleti e Montecchi, I puritani, Lucia di Lammermoor, La traviata, Les contes d'Hoffmann, Manon and Thais.

She retired from the stage in 1980, and took on the direction of the New York City Opera until 1989. 

Sills died in New York City, of lung cancer.

1929 births
2007 deaths
Sopranos
Singers from New York City
American opera singers
Car battery

A car battery or automotive battery is a rechargeable battery which is used to start a car. The battery is used to start the motor. After that, the motor operates a generator to charge the battery. Most are lead acid batteries, although some electric cars can have other batteries. Car batteries can be replaced and recycled when they cannot be recharged anymore.

Related pages
 Table of batteries
 Sealed lead acid battery

References

Physical chemistry
Auto parts
Batteries
Barium sulfate

Barium sulfate is a chemical compound composed of barium and sulfate ions. It contains barium in the +2 oxidation state, as in all barium compounds. It does not dissolve in water. If it did, it would be very toxic. It is used in X-rays of the stomach and intestines to see whether there is a problem with them. Its chemical formula is BaSO4.

Related pages
Barium
Calcium, a similar element
Strontium

Sulfur compounds
Barium compounds
Jetix

Jetix was a TV brand owned by Walt Disney. It existed from 2004 to 2010 worldwide. The brand was started in the United States in February 2004. It was retired in most countries in 2009. In the Netherlands, it was retired in January. In Russia, it was retired in August 2010.

Other services 
Jetix Play started on various European channels replacing Fox Kids Play. It aired mainly pre-school shows. The brand was retired in most countries in August 2010. It was not rebranded in Romania until March 2011. In most countries it was replaced by Playhouse Disney. In the United Kingdom and Russia, it had no replacement.

Jetix Action Block started in Spain in 2007 as a block on Star One. The block aired mainly shows which aired on the main Jetix channel. The block was discontinued in both regions in 2010.

Jetix +1 was a timeshift service in the United Kingdom and Italy. It aired shows which aired an hour earlier on the main channel.

References 

Disney
PBS Kids

PBS Kids is the educational children's programming brand of the Public Broadcasting Service. It started in 1994. Its programming is non-commercial, like all PBS programming. PBS Kids programs are mostly shown in the daytime. These programs are meant for children ages 3-10 (with some exceptions, Barney and Friends is 2-7, Sesame Street is 2-7, Arthur is 4-9, etc.). PBS Kids's programs use science, math and reading. Some of them also include social studies. All of the programs give a problem that the children have to solve. An example of these problems would be what to do when two children want to play with the same thing but fight (teaching the importance of sharing).

Programming 
See List of programs broadcast by PBS Kids

Home media

References

PBS Kids
Anne of the Thousand Days

Anne of the Thousand Days is a British-American movie, produced by Hal Wallis and directed by Charles Jarrott, written by Bridget Bolan, John Hale and Richard Sokolove, after Maxwell Anderson's 1948 play of the same name. The movie was released by Universal Studios on December 18, 1969.

Plot
It relates the love affair of King Henry VIII of England and Anne Boleyn, which led to the king's divorce from his first wife Queen Catherine of Aragon, and the break of England from the Church of Rome. When Anne fails to give a male heir to the throne, the king turns against her and has her executed (killed).

Principal characters
 King Henry VIII - Richard Burton
 Anne Boleyn - Geneviève Bujold
 Catherine of Aragon - Irene Papas
 Cardinal Wolsey - Anthony Quayle
 Thomas Cromwell - John Colicos

Commentary
The movie won an Academy Award for best costumes. Geneviève Bujold and Charles Jarrott won the Golden Globe Award for best actress and best director respectively.

1969 movies
1960s historical movies
British movies
Movies based on plays
Academy Award winning movies
Universal Pictures movies
Movies directed by Charles Jarrott
Dpkg

dpkg is the name of a computer package management system. It is the primary package manager of the Debian GNU/Linux operating system. It was written in the C programming language, and started in 1993.

Debian
Package management system

A package management system keeps track of information about software packages: what files go where, and which package owns that file, therefore behaving like a phone directory. Examples of package management systems for Linux include dpkg, rpm and emerge. In Microsoft Windows, "Add/Remove Programs"/"Programs and Features" are like package managers, but use no format (it leaves it up to the program).

Computers
Software
Molde FK

Molde FK is a football club from Norway. It was formed in 1911. They have won the Norwegian FA Cup two times.

Current squad

Players on loan

Other websites

Norwegian football clubs
1911 establishments in Europe
1910s establishments in Norway
Christian Gauseth

Christian Gauseth (born 26 June 1984) is a Norwegian football player. He plays for Mjøndalen.
He has played for Træff, Groruddalen, Molde and Bryne in the past.

He was born and raised in Molde.

The highlight of his career was his dive when he played for Bryne against Haugesund in 2009.

His best moments in football was when he played in the Eliteserien for Mjøndalen.

1984 births
Living people
Norwegian footballers
Invasive species

An invasive species is a species which is not native  to the place where it is found. It has moved from its native area, where it grew naturally, into a new area. Often it becomes a nuisance species, because in its new habitat it lacks its old enemies. Normally, as a species evolves, so do the things which eat it or parasitise it. Free of natural restraints, the invading species outcompetes its new neighbours.

Kudzu, for example, is called "The weed which ate the South" because it went out of control in the southern United States. The introduction of starlings to North America is another example.

Natural events sometimes allow species to invade new places, as in the Great American Interchange.

The sparrow in North America 

The house sparrow, Passer domesticus, native to Europe and Asia, has been introduced to North and South America and Australia.

It was introduced deliberately to the U.S.A. in the late 19th century by Eugene Schieffelin. He wanted to introduce to America all the birds mentioned in the works of Shakespeare. Two of these species were great successes: starlings and house sparrows. He organized a society for the importation of foreign birds, incorporated in Albany.

References

Related pages 
Introduced species

Ecology
Pests
Habitat destruction

Habitat destruction is when a habitat is no longer able to support the plants, animals, or other organisms that live in it. When this happens, the organisms could die. Some might move to other places.

Habitat loss can happen naturally. Wildfires can destroy plants that animals need to live in or to eat. Lava flows from volcanoes can do the same thing.

Habitat loss can also be caused by the actions of people. For example, when trees are cut down, birds who nested in the trees can no longer live there. Clearing grassland to make habitats for people can take away habitat for other animals. Some natural habitats are protected by laws, for example National parks.

Habitats
Torpsbruk

Torpsbruk is a locality in Alvesta Municipality, Kronoberg County, Sweden.  In 2005, 354 people lived there.

References 

Settlements in Kronoberg County
Divorce (movie)

Divorce is a 1945 drama movie. It is about a woman who has divorced many times. She sets her sights on her married childhood friend. It stars Kay Francis, Bruce Cabot, and Helen Mack.

Cast
 Kay Francis as Diane Carter
 Bruce Cabot as Bob Phillips
 Helen Mack as Martha Phillips
 Jerome Cowan as Jim Driscoll
 Craig Reynolds as Bill Endicott
 Ruth Lee as Liz Smith
 Jean Fenwick as June Endicott
 Mary Gordon as Ellen
 Larry Olsen as Michael Phillips
 Johnny Calkins as Robby Phillips
 Jonathan Hale as Judge Conlon
 Addison Richards as Plummer
 Leonard Mudie as Harvey Hicks
 Reid Kilpatrick as Dr. Andy Cole
 Virginia Wave as Secretary

Other websites

1945 movies
1940s drama movies
American drama movies
English-language movies
Movies about divorce
Movies directed by William Nigh
Shame (Alvtegen novel)

Shame is a novel by Swedish crime-writer Karin Alvtegen. It was shortlisted for the Duncan Lawrie International Dagger award for crime novels in translation, and was translated into English by Steven T. Murray in 2006. The novel was originally published in Sweden in 2005.

Other websites
 Publisher's page for the novel

2005 books
James Maritato

James Maritato (born March 12, 1972 in Sicily, Italy) is an Italian-born American professional wrestler who is best known for wrestling with World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) and Extreme Championship Wrestling (ECW). Nunzio is currently wrestling with the National Wrestling Alliance.

Championships
Nunzio has won many belts with different wrestling promotions:

Chaotic Wrestling
CW Tag Team Championship (one time) with Luis Ortiz

East Coast Pro Wrestling
ECPW Hall of Fame in 2009

Extreme Championship Wrestling
ECW World Tag Team Championship (two times) with Tony Mamaluke and Tracy Smothers

Jersey All Pro Wrestling
JAPW Tag Team Championship (one time) with Tracy Smothers

USA Pro Wrestling
USA Pro Tag Team Championship (two times) with Rahul Kay and Kid Kruel
USA Pro United States Championship (one time)

World Wrestling Entertainment
WWE Cruiserweight Championship (two times)

Websites
Nunzio's profile at WWE.com (archived)

1972 births
Living people
Former WWE wrestlers
American professional wrestlers
People from Sicily
The Legend of Korra

The Legend of Korra is an American animated television series aired on Nickelodeon. It follows an eponymous female Avatar and a native to the water tribe, attempting to bring peace to the world during the cycle. Unlike Avatar: The Last Airbender, the sequel is set in Republic City, a place where people of all nations, benders and non-benders, live together. The city depicts crime and rattled by an anti-bender revolt, which serve as challenges for each characters.

Cast and characters

Storyline 
The Last Airbender: Legend of Korra takes place 70 years after Avatar: The Last Airbender. Korra is the next Avatar after Aang, a rebellious girl who is hotheaded, independent and "ready to take on the world". Korra comes from the Southern Water Tribe, and has already mastered Earth, Fire, and Water. Aang and Katara's son Tenzin is her Airbending teacher.

One of the story's settings is Republic City, a "metropolis powered by steam-type technology", "inhabited by people from all four nations". Here Korra must deal with rampant crime and an anti-bender revolt. Mike and Bryan have said that the world of Avatar has "definitely changed, and evolved, and advanced, but we're very conscious of keeping the same feeling. Not totally different, but it's definitely generations later."

Series end 
The Legend of Korra finally came to an end after four short seasons, with each season averaging twelve episodes. Even during production with inner conflict inside Nickelodeon, which pushed the creators jump from TV to strictly online; came part way through the series. Whether or not the jump alienated fans or gained more viewers is unknown, but it was an interesting move nonetheless. The series finale occurred on December 19, 2014. A lot of controversy was drawn out over how the series ended, due to the fact that in the final scene it implied that Asami and Korra became a couple.

Related pages
 Avatar: The Last Airbender

References 

Nickelodeon television series
Avatar: The Last Airbender
English-language television programs
2012 television series debuts
2014 television series endings
Gordon Campbell

Gordon Muir Campbell, OBC, (born January 12, 1948 in Vancouver, British Columbia) was the 34th Premier of British Columbia. Campbell was also the 41st mayor of Vancouver.

On November 3, 2010, Campbell announced that he would resign as the Premier of British Columbia.

Campbell was born to in Vancouver to Charles Gordon Campbell (a doctor and an assistant dean of medicine at The University of British Columbia) and Peg Campbell (a kindergarten assistant). When Campbell was 6, his father committed suicide and he was raised by his mother with 3 siblings.

In January of 2003, He was arrested and pled no contest for driving under the influence of alcohol while vacationing in Hawaii. He was fined 913 US dollars and the court ordered him to take part in a substance abuse program, and to be assessed for alcoholism. His mugshot was released by the Hawaiian police and it is commonly used in attack ads.

References

Websites
Biography of Gordon Campbell

1948 births
Premiers of British Columbia
Living people
Mayors of Vancouver
Dev Patel

Dev Patel (Gujarati: દેવ પટેલ; born 23 April 1990) is a British movie and television actor. His Gujarati Hindu parents were born in Nairobi.

Filmography

Awards and nominations

References

Other websites 

 

Actors from London
English movie actors
English television actors
1990 births
Living people
Noah Ringer

Noah Andrew Ringer (born November 18, 1996) is an American actor. He starred as Aang in the movie The Last Airbender. He was discovered in an open casting call for Airbender in Texas. He has also been cast in the upcoming film Cowboys & Aliens as Emmett.

Life and career

Ringer is a young taekwondo practitioner who was born and raised in Dallas, Texas. At age 12, he achieved a first-degree black belt rank with the American Taekwondo Association and is proficient with a variety of Eastern weapons. He is part of a taekwondo club, from which he heard about Paramount Pictures' open casting call to play Aang. For his audition, he sent in a homemade video that depicted him showing off his skills in martial arts. After being signed for The Last Airbender movie, he joined the Creative Artists Agency.

Ringer attended the 2010 Nickelodeon Kids Choice Awards on March 27 with his Airbender cast mates Nicola Peltz, Dev Patel, and Jackson Rathbone to debut the new TV spot for the film. He watched Nicola Peltz and Jackson Rathbone perform "Slimebending". While on site, he was interviewed by the Los Angeles Times about the movie.

Filmography

References

Other websites

"Shyamalan Casts The Last Airbender" - SFLuxe

American movie actors
actors from Dallas, Texas
1996 births
Living people
Nicola Peltz

Nicola Peltz (born January 9, 1995) is an American actress. She played Katara in the 2010 movie The Last Airbender, directed by M. Night Shyamalan.

Life and career

Peltz was born in Westchester County, New York, the daughter of billionaire businessman Nelson Peltz. She has four older brothers, two younger brothers, and a sister. When she was younger, she attended Rye Country Day School in Rye, New York and from there went to Windward School in White Plains, New York. Her most recent school is the Professional Children's School in Manhattan, New York.

She played Katara in the movie The Last Airbender. She was also in the 2006 movie Deck the Halls, playing Mackenzie, and Harold in 2008, where she was cast as Becki. She made a brief appearance in Miley Cyrus's "7 Things" music video. On 27 March 2010, she made an appearance at the Kids Choice Awards 2010 on Nickelodeon, and also appeared at the 2010 MTV Movie Awards, along with The Last Airbender co-star Jackson Rathbone, to present a trailer for The Last Airbender.

Filmography

References

Other websites 
Miss Nicola Peltz , The Official Fansite of Nicola Peltz

American movie actors
American voice actors
Actors from New York
1995 births
Living people
People from Rye, New York
People from White Plains, New York
Norma (opera)

Norma is an Italian opera in two acts. The music was composed by Vincenzo Bellini. The libretto is by Felice Romani.The opera was first performed at La Scala in Milan, on December 26, 1831. The work was based on Louis Alexandre Soumet's play Norma ou l'infanticide. Norma is Bellini's masterpiece and one of the finest bel canto operas. The title role is one of the most demanding in the entire Italian repertoire. Sopranos Maria Callas, Joan Sutherland, and Montserrat Caballé have been amongst the best exponents of the role.

Principal roles
 Norma – soprano
 Adalgisa – mezzo-soprano
 Pollione – tenor
 Oroveso – bass

Sources
 The Complete Dictionary of Opera & Operetta, James Anderson, Wings Books, 1989.

Operas
Compositions by Vincenzo Bellini
Impact crater

Impact craters are formed by meteorites or comets striking the Earth or other solid body.  There is a system for recording and assessing craters.

Largest craters on Earth 
The five largest confirmed impact structures are:
Vredefort crater, South Africa: 160 km diameter, 2023 million years ago.
Chicxulub crater, Mexico: 150 km diameter, 65 million years ago.
Sudbury Basin, Ontario, Canada: 130 km diameter, 1850 million years ago.
Popigai crater, Russia: 90 km diameter, 35.7 million years ago.
Acraman crater, 90 km diameter, South Australia, ~590 mya.
Manicouagan crater, Quebec, Canada: 70 km diameter, 214 million years ago.
There are some other suggested impact structures which are larger. It is a feature of the Earth that climate, weathering and plate tectonics removes most of the older features and events. In comparison, the Moon retains a nearly complete record of its past impact events. The implication is that the Earth once suffered a similar bombardment in its early history. This period is known as the Late Heavy Bombardment, because it occurred after the Earth and Moon formed.

Largest unconfirmed craters 
Any of these may or may not be meteorite craters:
Australian impact structure: Northern Territory, Australia: multiple rings 600 km, 545 million years ago at the Neoproterozoic/Cambrian boundary.
Shiva crater, Indian Ocean, west of India: ~600 km length, 400 km width, 65 million years ago. Obviously this is of high interest, because of the date.
Wilkes Land crater, Antarctica: 485 km. 250–500 mya.
Nastapoka arc, Nunavut/Quebec, Canada: 450 km. unknown
Ishim impact structure, Kazakhstan: 300 km. 430–460 mya.
Bedout, off-shore of Western Australia: 250 km, 250 mya.
East Warburton Basin, Southern Australia: 200+ km, 300–360 mya.

Largest named craters in the Solar System

 North Polar Basin/Borealis Basin (disputed) – Mars – Diameter: 10,600 km
 South Pole–Aitken basin – Moon – Diameter: 2,500 km
 Hellas Basin – Mars – Diameter: 2,100 km

 Caloris Basin – Mercury – Diameter: 1,550 km
 Imbrium Basin – Moon – Diameter: 1,100 km

Identifying impact craters
The distinctive mark of an impact crater is the presence of rock which has undergone shock-metamorphic effects, shattered or melted rocks, and crystal deformations. Examples:
A layer of shattered rock under the floor of the crater. This layer is called a 'breccia lens'.
Shatter cones, which are chevron-shaped impressions in rocks. Such cones are formed most easily in fine-grained rocks.
High-temperature rock types, including laminated and welded blocks of sand, tektites, or glassy spatters of molten rock. They may have relatively large amounts of trace elements that are associated with meteorites, such as nickel, platinum, iridium, and cobalt.
Microscopic pressure deformations of minerals. These include fracture patterns in crystals of quartz and feldspar, and formation of high-pressure materials such as diamond, derived from graphite and other carbon compounds, or varieties of shocked quartz.

References 

Earth sciences
Pihlajavesi (Saimaa)

Pihlajavesi is a lake in Finland.  The area of the lake is 712.59 km², making it the sixth largest lake in the country.  Pihlajavesi is the second-largest basin in the complex Saimaa lake system.  Pihlajavesi lacks large open lake areas but has more islands than any other lake in Finland.

References

Lakes of Finland