cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
The Mall, London

The Mall  is a short but important road in London. It runs from Buckingham Palace at its western end to Whitehall, right near Trafalgar Square. On the way, it runs through Admiralty Arch. It is closed to traffic on Sundays and public holidays, and on ceremonial occasions. 

The Mall was built as a ceremonial route in the early 20th century. There are similar ceremonial routes in cities such as Berlin, Mexico City, Oslo, Paris, Saint Petersburg, Vienna and Washington, D.C.. These routes are often used for major national ceremonies. When the Mall was built, a new façade (front face) was constructed for Buckingham Palace, and the Victoria Memorial was erected. 

The Queen Victoria Memorial is in front of the gates of the Palace, whilst Admiralty Arch at the far end leads into Trafalgar Square. The length of The Mall from where it joins Constitution Hill at the Victoria Memorial end to Admiralty Arch is exactly . St. James's Park is on the south side of The Mall, opposite Green Park and St James's Palace, on the north side. Running off The Mall at its eastern end is Horse Guards Parade, where the Trooping the Colour ceremony is held.

The surface of The Mall is coloured red to give the effect of a giant red carpet leading up to Buckingham Palace. This colour was obtained using synthetic iron oxide pigment from Deanshanger Oxide Works (Deanox), which was created using the Deanox Process devised by chemist Ernest Lovell. 

On VE Day – 8 May 1945 – the Palace was the centre of British celebrations. The King, Queen and Princesses Elizabeth and Margaret were on the balcony behind them, to the cheers from a vast crowd on The Mall.

During state visits, the monarch and the visiting head of state are escorted in a state carriage up The Mall, and the street is decorated with Union Flags and the flags of the visiting head of state's country. During the Golden Jubilee celebrations of Queen Elizabeth II in 2002, over one million people packed The Mall to watch the public displays and the appearance of the Royal Family on the palace balcony. These scenes were repeated in 2011 for the wedding of Prince William and Catherine Middleton, and again in 2012 for the Queen's Diamond Jubilee, and the Diamond Jubilee concert.

References 

Roads in London
Sankoo

Sankoo () is a town in the Ladakh region of Jammu and Kashmir, India. It is south of the town of Kargil, and is a sub-district of the Kargil District.

Tehsils of Jammu and Kashmir
Super Bowl XLV

Super Bowl XLV was an American football game between the American Football Conference (AFC) champion Pittsburgh Steelers and the National Football Conference (NFC) champion Green Bay Packers to decide the National Football League (NFL) champion for the 2010 season. The Packers defeated the Steelers by the score of 31–25. The game was played on February 6, 2011, at Cowboys Stadium in Arlington, Texas, the first time the Super Bowl was played in the Dallas–Fort Worth area.

Sources

045
2011 in sports
Arlington, Texas
Sports in Texas
2011 in the United States
2010s in Texas
Pittsburgh Steelers
Green Bay Packers
Oxford Street

Oxford Street is a major road in the City of Westminster in the West End of London. It is Europe's busiest shopping street, and has about 300 shops. 

The street forms part of the A40 road, which connects London to Oxford. Like many roads in central London which are no longer through routes it is not signposted with the road number.

Roughly halfway along Oxford Street is Oxford Circus, a busy intersection with Regent Street. A diagonal crossing at Oxford Circus opened in 2009, currently the only one of its kind in central London.

References 

Roads in London
Oxford Circus

Oxford Circus is the busy intersection of Oxford Street  and Regent Street in the West End of London. It is served by Oxford Circus tube station, which is directly beneath the junction itself.

History 
The Circus was constructed in the beginning of the 19th century, and was designed by John Nash.

Diagonal crossing 
In 2009, Westminster City Council started a £4m scheme for the area, allowing shoppers to cross the intersection diagonally as well as the usual 'straight ahead', turning it into a "pedestrian scramble", much like Tokyo's Shibuya crossing.  

The crossing opened on November 2nd of the same year, by which time the cost had risen to £5 million. The Mayor of London, Boris Johnson, said it was "a triumph for British engineering, Japanese innovation and good old common sense". Others noted that a similar crossing in Balham, South London had opened in 2005 at a cost of only £98,000.

References 

City of Westminster
Roads in London
Cold Stone Creamery

The Cold Stone Creamery is an American ice cream network based out of Arizona. Its main products are pies, premium ice cream, smoothies and ice cream cakes. This ice cream group, since 2008, has co-branded certain locations along with other chains in attempts to increase its presence outside the United States.

American food companies
1988 establishments in the United States
Companies based in Arizona
Max Schmitt in a Single Scull

Max Schmitt in a Single Scull is an oil painting by Thomas Eakins. It was painted in 1871. The picture measures 32.6 x 46.3 cm. It hangs in the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City. The painting sets on the Schuylkill River in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

1870s paintings
Paintings by Thomas Eakins
Paintings in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York City
American paintings
Lake Karachay

Lake Karachay is a small lake in the Ural Mountains. It lies in Chelyabinsk Oblast, near the town of Ozyorsk.Ozyork was a closed city; the people who worked there built Russia's first nuclear power plant, at Mayak. The lake was used to dump radioactive waste that resulted from operating the Mayak site, from about 1951. This waste had been dumped into the Techa River beforehand. From about 1956, it was also stored in tanks.

The lake is near Mayak, which is the name of a number of nuclear facilities, about 150 kilometres (93 miles) from Ekaterinburg in Russia.

Lakes of Russia
Hobart Brown

Hobart Ray Brown (February 27, 1934 – November 7, 2007) was an American sculptor. He was known for finding the Kinetic Sculpture Race in 1969.

Brown was born on February 27, 1934 in Hess, Oklahoma. He was raised in Los Angeles, California. Brown studied at Van Nuys High School, just a few classes from Marilyn Monroe. He was divorced two times. Brown had four children. Brown had a stroke in May 2007. Brown died on November 7, 2007 from pneumonia in Redwood City, California, aged 73.

References

Other websites

 Hobart Brown: A life in Pictures
 Hobart Brown - Virtual Gallery

1934 births
2007 deaths
Deaths from pneumonia
American sculptors
People from Oklahoma
People from Los Angeles
Roberto Cabral del Hoyo

Roberto Cabral del Hoyo (August 7, 1913 – October 4, 1999) was a Mexican poet, historian, and writer. He was known for his written works Filly Pearl, To My Roots of the Earth, Three, Against the Dark Wind, and Word.

Hoyo was born on August 7, 1913 in Zacatecas, Zacatecas, Mexico. He was never married and had no children. Hoyo died on October 4, 1999 from pneumonia in his hometown and were he lived in Zacatecas, Mexico, aged 86.

Other websites

1913 births
1999 deaths
Deaths from pneumonia
Mexican writers
Mexican historians
Mexican poets
People from Zacatecas
Santa Barbara, California

Santa Barbara, California  is the county seat of Santa Barbara County, California, United States. About 220,000 people live there. It is the second largest county seat in the country, just after Santa Maria, California. Helene Schneider is the mayor.

Other websites

 Movies and television shows filmed in Santa Barbara 
 Santa Barbara on city-data.com
 Santa Barbara Conference & Visitors Bureau and Film Commission
 Santa Barbara earthquakes 
 Santa Barbara Channels : Santa Barbara's public access TV station
 Summer Solstice Celebration
 National Register of Historic Places listings
 Local University UCSB
 Santa Barbara Views, ca. 1875, The Bancroft Library

County seats in California
Santa Maria, California

Santa Maria is a city in Santa Barbara County, in Southern California. In 2019, about 107,263 people lived there. Alice Patino is the mayor.

References

Cities in California
Settlements in Santa Barbara County, California
Otavalo

Otavalo is the capital of Otavalo Canton, is a large busy town in the Imbabura Province of Ecuador. The town has about 90,000 citizens and is surrounded by mountains and volcanoes such as Imbabura 4,630m, Cotacachi 4,995m, and the Mojanda volcanoes. Mario Conejo is the current mayor. 

Cities in Ecuador
Ibarra, Ecuador

Ibarra (full name San Miguel de Ibarra) is a city in northern Ecuador and the capital of the Imbabura Province. It lies at the foot of the Imbabura Volcano and on the left bank of the Tahuando river. It is about 70 kilometres (43 mi) northeast of Ecuador's capital Quito. Ibarra was founded in 1606.

Cities in Ecuador
North–South divide

The North–South divide is a term often used in the geography of socio-economics. It describes a difference in economic development between the north and south of the world. The North is made up of mostly developed countries in the Northern Hemisphere – those of Europe and North America. The South is made up of mostly developing and undeveloped countries – those in Africa, Latin America and Asia. Many of them are in the Southern Hemisphere. The North is home to four of the five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council and all members of the G8.

Related pages
North–South divide in the United Kingdom

Economic geography
Demographics
Country classifications
Shipbuilding

Shipbuilding refers to the manufacturing of ships. In the past many ships were built in places like Glasgow and Sunderland but in the 21st century this industry is not big in the United Kingdom and most ships are built in South Korea and China. Japan once built the most ships but is now in 3rd place.

Related pages
Boston Navy Yard

Industries
Manufacturing
Ships
Saikai, Nagasaki

Saikai is a city in Nagasaki Prefecture Japan, formed in 2005 from the merger of several smaller towns including Oshima.

Cities in Japan
Settlements in Nagasaki Prefecture
Tina Majorino

Albertina Marie "Tina" Majorino (February 7, 1994) is an American movie and television actress. She started acting as a child. She acted in the movies Waterworld and Napoleon Dynamite. On television, she acted in the series Big Love, Veronica Mars and True Blood. She was also in the animated television version of Napoleon Dynamite.  She has a recurring role on the series Bones. In 2012, Majorino joined the cast of Grey's Anatomy. Her acting was begun around 1992. She was born in Westlake, California.

References

Actors from Los Angeles
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
1985 births
Living people
Sônia Braga

Sônia Braga (June 8, 1950) is a Brazilian and American actress. She acts mostly in movies. She starred in The Rookie and Moon over Parador. She has also been in a few television programs, including CSI: Miami. She is the aunt of the Brazilian actress Alice Braga.

Other websites

American movie actors
1950 births
Living people
Brazilian movie actors
Acton, London

Acton is a district of west London. It is in the London Borough of Ealing.

Areas of London
London Borough of Ealing
Trading Mom

Trading Mom (also released as The Mommy Market) is a 1994 fantasy/comedy movie written and directed by Tia Brelis. Starring Sissy Spacek and Anna Chlumsky, it features the final acting role of André the Giant, who died a year before the movie was released.

Plot
Elizabeth, Jeremy, and Harry Martin are three children who have had up to the edge with their mother, a nagging workaholic. Soon, they meet a mysterious gardener named Mrs. Cavour, who tells the siblings of an ancient spell that will make their mother disappear. After saying the incantation one night, the next morning, their mother has disappeared along with their memories of her. Mrs. Cavour tells the children of a place in town called the Mommy Market, where they have about every kind of mother one can think of. The Mommy Market has a policy, however, that one receives three tokens to take one of the mothers home, and if the children do not find a suitable mother by their third token, they could not return. Unfortunately for the children, the mothers they pick, a snappy French woman, a nature-hiker, and a circus performer, do not sit well with the kids, now feeling lost without a guardian to look after them. They want their own mother and try to remember something about her to break the spell.

References

1994 comedy movies
1990s fantasy-comedy movies
American fantasy-comedy movies
Movies based on books
English-language movies
1990s family movies
Langlands program

The Langlands Program is a branch of algebraic number theory. It is a more complicated version of class field theory.

Number theory
Algebra
Thioester

A thioester is a molecule with a group C-S-CO-C. They are like esters, but with a sulfur atom instead of an oxygen one. Like esters, they can be made from carboxylic acids. In the synthesis, a thiol is used instead of an alcohol. 

Thioesters are very important in biochemistry. They are made in the body during reactions that make fatty acids. They are also important intermediates in the production of ATP, which is the molecule that gives energy to the body.

In chemistry, thioesters can be also used as electrophiles. They are more reactive than esters and amides. They can also do aldol reactions.

Functional groups
Organosulfur compounds
Sulfone

A sulfone is a molecule that has a sulfur atom with bonds to two oxygen atoms. The sulfur has two double bonds to the two oxygens. It has a single bond with the other two groups. They are usually made by oxidising thioethers.

They are used in many important chemical reactions. For example, the Julia olefination uses a sulfone to make an alkene from an aldehyde. They are also sometimes used as solvents.

Functional groups
Organosulfur compounds
John Kerr (actor)

John Grinham Kerr (November 15, 1931 – February 2, 2013) was an American actor and lawyer. As an actor. he worked in movies, television and on stage. He won a Tony Award in 1954.

Early life
Kerr was born on November 15, 1931 in New York City, New York. His parents were British actor Geoffrey Kerr and American actress June Walker. He studied at Phillips Exeter Academy and at Harvard University.

Career
Kerr had a major role in the movie version of Rodgers and Hammerstein's South Pacific (1958), playing Lt. Joe Cable, the newly arrived marine about to be sent on a dangerous spy mission.

In The Crowded Sky (1960), Kerr played a pilot who helps the Captain (Dana Andrews) steer a crippled airliner back to earth. Another movie appearance was in Roger Corman's The Pit and the Pendulum (1961). In 1963, Kerr had a continuing role on "Arrest and Trial", playing Assistant DA Barry Pine.

Personal life
Kerr was married to Priscilla Smith from 1952 until they divorced in 1972. Then he was married to Barbara Chu from 1979 until his death in 2013. He had three children with Smith.

Death
Kerr died on February 2, 2013 in Pasadena, California from heart failure, aged 81.

References

Other websites
 Obituary - Variety
 
 

1931 births
2013 deaths
Deaths from heart failure
Actors from New York City
Lawyers from New York City
American movie actors
American stage actors
American television actors
American voice actors
Tony Award winning actors
Krsto Papić

Krsto Papić (December 7, 1933 – February 7, 2013) was a Croatian screenwriter and movie director. His career lasted for almost 50 years. He retired in 2012. He was nominated for a Golden Globe in 1989.

Papić was born on December 7, 1933 in Vučji Do, near Nikšić, Kingdom of Yugoslavia. Papić died on February 7, 2013 from stomach cancer in Zagreb, Croatia, aged 79.

References

Other websites

1933 births
2013 deaths
Deaths from stomach cancer
Croatian movie directors
Croatian movie producers
Croatian screenwriters
Thioether

A thioether is a molecule with the group R-S-R. The first atom in R is a carbon. Thioether take their name from ethers. They have a sulfur instead of an oxygen atom between the two R. Thioethers can have very bad smells like thiols. They can also be called sulfides. The C-S-C bond is at nearly 90 degrees.

Thioethers are important in biology. They are present in some amino acids. Petroleum has many thioethers in it as well. Thioethers can be made in the laboratory by the reaction of a thiol with a base and an electrophile. They can do many interesting reactions. It is easy to oxidise them to sulfoxides and then sulfones. 

Dimethyl sulfide is the simplest thioether. It is used in important reactions like the Swern oxidation. This makes aldehydes starting from alcohols.

Functional groups
Organosulfur compounds
Limbic system

The limbic system is a group of structures in the brain. These structures cover both sides of the thalamus, right under the cerebrum. It is not a separate system, but a collection of structures from the cerebrum, diencephalon, and midbrain. These structures include the hippocampus, amygdala, hypothalamus, cingulate gyrus, nucleus accumbens and part of the thalamus. It supports many different functions, including emotion, behaviour, motivation, long-term memory, and olfaction.

References

Anatomy of the brain
Collins, Mississippi

Collins is a city in Covington County, Mississippi. In 2005, 2,761 people lived there. Actor Gerald McRaney was born there. 52% of the people are African American and only 46% are white.

Cities in Mississippi
County seats in Mississippi
Albus Dumbledore

Albus Percival Wulfric Brian Dumbledore is a fictional character of the Harry Potter series. He was the headmaster of Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry until his death in 1996. He first found Harry when he was a little boy and since then they developed a relationship. In the Harry Potter movies he is played first by Richard Harris, and then by Michael Gambon after Harris died. He had two siblings, Aberforth Dumbledore and Ariana Dumbledore.

Dumbledore is killed by Severus Snape in the sixth book/movie, after Draco Malfoy failed to do so. However, his character's backstory is explored in the last book of the series. His death would lead to the final battle between Harry Potter and Voldemort.

Though it is never mentioned in any of the books, the author announced publicly that Dumbledore is gay.

References

Fictional characters introduced in 1997
Fictional gay males
Harry Potter characters

de:Figuren der Harry-Potter-Romane#Albus Dumbledore
ml:ഹാരി പോട്ടർ#ആൽബസ് ഡംബിൾഡോർ
Barney Martin

Barney Martin (March 3, 1923 – March 21, 2005) was an American actor and comedian. He is best known for playing Morty Seinfeld, father of Jerry, on the famous sitcom Seinfeld.

Martin was born on March 3, 1923 in Queens, New York to an Irish-Catholic family. Martin died on March 21, 2005 in his home in Studio City, California from lung cancer, aged 82.

References

Other websites
Obituary for Barney Martin in The New York Times

1923 births
2005 deaths
Actors from New York City
American movie actors
American radio actors
American radio personalities
American stage actors
American television actors
American television personalities
American voice actors
Comedians from New York City
Deaths from lung cancer
Seinfeld
Lizzie Velasquez

Elizabeth Anne Velásquez (; born March 13, 1989) is an American woman whose rare medical condition has led her to become an author and public speaker.

Early life and background
She was born on 13 March 1989. Her age was reported as 23 in September 2012, a time when she was near to finishing college from Texas State University majoring in communication studies. Her birth weight was only 2 pounds 11 ounces. She was raised by her mother Rita and father Guadalupe as their first child.She 2 younger sisters.  She is from Austin, Texas.

Living with NPS
Only two other people in the world are known to have the condition she is living with. The oldest woman is called Amanda and lives in England, and the youngest Abigail in the same city as Lizzie (Austin,Texas). Lizzie has no body fat, and weighs only 61 pounds. She is blind in her right eye, and has limited vision in the left eye. Her condition is like some others, especially progeria. She has some symptoms seen in progeria, like the pointy nose and aging skin, but she has more medical problems as well but it is not expected to cause her to die. Doctors and experts at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center have named it as a neonatal progeroid syndrome (NPS) which has allowed her healthy bones, organs and teeth. She should be able to bear her own children who will not live with any of the conditions she has.

Being bullied and speaking out
At times she was  left out and/or insulted by her peers, and has grown up to experience  online bullying. Very often she has been stared at in public. It has not always been easy for her to deal with it. She wants people to know about her condition, and her motto is "Stop Staring, Start Learning." 

She has spoken at over 200 events as a motivational speaker, something she enjoys and wants to continue to do.

Books she wrote
The first book she wrote was her own life story up to 2010. Her mother and Cynthia Lee were its co-writers.

Her second book, Be Beautiful, Be You came out in September 2012. It urges people to learn that it is not appearance which matters the most, and that people should love themselves for who they are.

References

Other websites
Her website aboutlizzie.com

Living people
Writers from Austin, Texas
1989 births
American bloggers
Mary Steenburgen

Mary Nell Steenburgen (born February 8, 1953) is an American Golden Globe and Academy Award winning actress. She has starred in a lot of notable movies. Steenburgen was born in Arkansas.

References 

1953 births
Living people
Actors from Arkansas
American movie actors
Best Supporting Actress Academy Award winners
Golden Globe Award winning actors
Saturn Award winners
Screen Actors Guild Award winners
Mexican Mafia

The Mexican Mafia is a Mexican American crime organization. The Mexican mafia did not start in Mexico but in the United States.

References

Organized crime
Crime in the United States
Rockefeller University

The Rockefeller University is an American private university in New York City. It does research and offers postgraduate and postdoctoral education. It conducts research mainly in biological sciences and medical science, and has produced or attracted many Nobel laureates.

The Rockefeller University is on the Upper East Side of Manhattan, between 63rd and 68th Streets along York Avenue.

A number of important journals are published by the Rockefeller University Press: the Journal of Experimental Medicine, the Journal of Cell Biology, and The Journal of General Physiology.

At a glance

Fostering an interdisciplinary atmosphere among its 73 laboratories, a faculty member is assigned to one of only six interconnecting research areas.

Research areas
biochemistry, structural biology, chemistry
molecular cell & developmental biology
medical sciences & human genetics
immunology, virology, microbiology
physics & mathematical biology
neuroscience

University community
 Over 70 heads of laboratories
190 research and clinical scientists
360 postdoctoral investigators
1,000 support staff
150 Ph.D. students
50 M.D.-Ph.D. students
890 alumni

Nobel Prize winners
2011 Ralph Steinman (Physiology or Medicine)
2003 Roderick MacKinnon (Chemistry)
2001 Paul Nurse (Physiology or Medicine)
2000 Paul Greengard (Physiology or Medicine)
1999 Günter Blobel (Physiology or Medicine)
1984 R. Bruce Merrifield (Chemistry)
1981 Torsten Wiesel (Physiology or Medicine)
1975 David Baltimore (Physiology or Medicine)
1974 Albert Claude, Christian de Duve, George E. Palade (Physiology or Medicine)
1972 Stanford Moore, William H. Stein (Chemistry)
1972 Gerald M. Edelman (Physiology or Medicine)
1967 H. Keffer Hartline (Physiology or Medicine)
1966 Peyton Rous (Physiology or Medicine)
1958 Joshua Lederberg (Physiology or Medicine)
1958 Edward Tatum (Physiology or Medicine)
1953 Fritz Lipmann (Physiology or Medicine)
1946 John H. Northrop (Chemistry)
1946 Wendell M. Stanley (Chemistry)
1944 Herbert S. Gasser (Physiology or Medicine)
1930 Karl Landsteiner (Physiology or Medicine)
1912 Alexis Carrel (Physiology or Medicine)

References 

1901 establishments in the United States
1900s establishments in New York (state)
Colleges and universities in New York
Buildings and structures in Manhattan
Russian mafia

The term Russian mafia represents various crime groups all across the former Soviet Union. They are not a single criminal club, though they represent similar goals and structures which define them. Organized crime in Russia began during early 1700s with thievery and banditry. Nowadays, close to six thousand different groups operate, 200 of which have global reach.

Organized crime
Curator

A curator or keeper looks after collections. It may be a private activity, but usually they look after the collections of a cultural heritage institution. Art galleries, museums, libraries or archives have curators. Zoos have zookeepers and underkeepers.

Curators are subject-matter experts who act as managers. It is an official job description in institutions which have collections. The curator's work involves objects of some kind, such as artwork, collectibles, historic items or scientific collections. Curators in zoos are usually called 'keepers', but it is the same idea.

The word curator comes from the Latin word curare, meaning to look after. 

Occupations
Amber Valletta

Amber Valletta (February 9, 1974, Phoenix, Arizona) is an American movie and television program actress and model. She started as a model for fashion agencies. She appeared in movies including Hitch (2005), The Spy Next Door and the television series Revenge. Her acting career began around 1993.

References

American movie actors
Actors from Phoenix, Arizona
Models from Phoenix, Arizona
1974 births
Living people
American television actors
American television personalities
Vegetarians
Bazargan

Bazargan (; also Romanized as Bāzargān, Bāzarqān, and Bāzergān) is a city in Iran. It is the capital of Bazargan District, in Maku County, West Azerbaijan Province. At the 2006 census, its population was 9,047, in 2,126 families.

References

Related pages
 Mehdi Bazargan

Cities in Iran
Economics of fascism

The term economics of fascism refers to the economic systems that are used by fascist regimes. In general, Fascist regimes wanted to exert strong control over the economy, but also defend private property; this attitude is generally known as dirigisme. The first cases of dirigisme happened in France. One of the first such movements is known as Colbertisme, after Jean-Baptiste Colbert (1619-1683). Colbert was the chief minister of finances of King Louis XIV of France. The ideas of Social Darwinism had a strong influence on Fascist regimes: Some people and enterprises did better than others; those that did better needed the support of the state, those that did not do as well, needed to be eradicated. Since most Fascist regimes were also influenced by racist ideas, the general tendency was to support the companies of the people of the "better" race. Gaetano Salvemini, an Italian historian said in 1936 that fascism made taxpayers responsible to private enterprise, because "the State pays for the blunders of private enterprise... Profit is private and individual. Loss is public and social." Fascist governments encouraged the pursuit of private profit and offered many benefits to large businesses, but they demanded in return that all economic activity should serve the national interest.

References

Economic systems
Fascism
Mario Party 3

Mario Party 3 is a party board video game for the Nintendo 64 console. It is the third game in the Mario Party series. It is the last Mario Party game for the Nintendo 64. It was made by Hudson Soft and published by Nintendo. It was released on December 7, 2000 in Japan, on May 7, 2001 in North America, and on September 3, 2001 in Europe.

Gameplay

Mario Party 3 plays like the first two Mario Party games. Players go around on boards to collect coins, which they can use to buy stars. Movement is done with the use of a dice block with the numbers one through ten. After all four players take their turns, a mini-game is played. The player that wins the mini-game wins coins. The winner is the player with the most stars at the end of the game. A new element in this game is the Game Guy Space. If a player lands on this space, they must pay all of their coins to play a mini-game. If successful, the player's coins will be doubled (or more, depending on the outcome). If the player fails, they lose all of their coins. This is the only Mario Party game this space appears in. Also, the player may now hold up to three items at a time. Six boards are available. The last one must be unlocked in Story Mode.

A new feature in this game are duel boards. Here, the player faces another player in a one-on-one duel on a board. Both players have up to two partners they can use. Twelve partners are available to use. The object is to decrease the other player's health to zero. There are six duel boards available. Duel boards are played after party boards in Story Mode. In Story Mode, the player gets a stamp for winning.

Eight characters are playable in this game. Two characters, Waluigi and Princess Daisy, make their first playable appearance in this game.

2000 video games
2001 video games
Nintendo 64 games
Mario Party games
United States Minor Outlying Islands

The United States Minor Outlying Islands are nine island territories of the United States. They are Baker Island, Howland Island, Jarvis Island, Johnston Atoll, Kingman Reef, Midway Atoll, Palmyra Atoll and Wake Island in the Pacific Ocean; and Navassa Island in the Caribbean Sea. The islands are grouped together for statistical reasons. They are not administered together.

As of 2008, none of the islands have any people living there permanently. The only human population consists of temporarily stationed scientific and military personnel.  The 2000 census counted 315 people on Johnston Atoll and 1 person on Wake Island. There has been no modern indigenous population, except at the 1940 census. In 1936, a colonization scheme began to settle Americans on Baker, Howland and Jarvis, but all three islands were evacuated in 1942 because of World War II.

The islands are all together represented by the ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 code UM. The ISO introduced the term "United States Minor Outlying Islands" in 1986. From 1974 until 1986, five of the islands (Baker Island, Howland Island, Jarvis Island, Palmyra Atoll and Kingman Reef) were grouped under the term "United States Miscellaneous Pacific Islands", with ISO 3166 code PU. The code of Midway Atoll was MI, the code of Johnston Atoll was JT, and the code of Wake Island was WK. The Pacific islands are surrounded by large Exclusive Economic Zones.

Airports

The following is a list of island airports with ICAO (IATA) codes:

 PJON (JON): Johnston Atoll Airport, Johnston Atoll
 PMDY (MDY): Henderson Field (Midway Atoll), (Naval Air Facility), Sand Island
 PWAK (AWK): Wake Island Airfield, Wake Island
 PLPA: Palmyra (Cooper) Airport, Palmyra Atoll, Cooper Island
 PBAR: Baker Island Airport, Baker Island
 PLUR: Jarvis Airport, Jarvis Island

Ports

Three of the islands have ports listed in the World Port Index, with World Port Number:

56325 JOHNSTON ATOLL: Johnston Atoll
56328 MIDWAY ISLAND: Midway Atoll
56330 WAKE ISLAND: Wake Island
not listed WEST LAGOON: Palmyra Atoll

Baker Island, Howland Island and Jarvis Island have a small boat landing place on each. Kingman Reef and Navassa Island have offshore anchorage only.

Islands

References

Other websites
WorldStatesmen- U.S.
Pacific Island Wildlife Refuges
CIA World Factbook: United States Pacific Island Wildlife Refuges 
Historical Population figures
dates of acquisition
Mitchell Ryan

Mitchell Ryan (born January 11, 1934) or Mitch Ryan is an American actor. He is known for his roles as Edward Montgomery in Dharma & Greg and as Dr. Terence Wynn in Halloween: The Curse of Michael Myers.

Ryan was born on January 11, 1934 in Cincinnati, Ohio. He was raised in Louisville, Kentucky. He was married to Lynda Morse from 1972 until they divorced. They had three children.

References

Other websites

 
 
 

1934 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American voice actors
American television personalities
Actors from Cincinnati, Ohio
Actors from Louisville, Kentucky
Shamrock

Shamrocks are the young sprigs of clover or trefoil. The shamrock is a symbol of Ireland. According to a legend, Saint Patrick used it to illustrate the doctrine of the Holy Trinity. The name shamrock is  derived from Irish . This is the diminutive version of the Irish word for clover () meaning simply "little clover" or "young clover". Sometimes other three-leafed plants are called shamrocks. The shamrock can be used for its medicinal properties. It was used as a motif in Victorian days. Around March 17 (Saint Patrick's Day) small pots of shamrocks are sold. Some people wear sprigs of shamrock in a buttonhole on the holiday.

References

Plants
Ireland
John J. B. Wilson

John J. B. Wilson (born May 24, 1954) is an American copywriter and publicist. He is the founder of the Golden Raspberry Awards. He written many books about how he founded the "Razzie Awards".

Wilson was born on May 24, 1954 in Chicago, Illinois. He was raised in Santa Monica, California and in Los Angeles, California. Wilson studied at the University of California, Los Angeles. He is married to Barbara Wilson. They have a son. He now lives in Cerritos, California.

References

Other websites

1954 births
Living people
Businesspeople from Chicago
Businesspeople from Los Angeles
Chief executives
Writers from Chicago
Writers from Los Angeles
People from Santa Monica, California
Sulfoxide

A sulfoxide is a molecule that has a sulfur atom bonded to two carbons and one oxygen atom. It comes from oxidising thioethers, without going all the way to the sulfone. Like many molecules containing sulfur, sulfoxide can sometimes smell a lot.

Sulfoxides can be written with the general formula R–S(=O)–R'. Sulfur has a double bond with the oxygen, and single bonds with the carbons. That leaves a lone pair on the atom. This means that the shape at that atom is tetrahedral. It also means that the sulfur can be a chiral centre. Sulfoxides are used as good ligands for transition metals.

An important molecule of this kind is dimethyl sulfoxide. It is also called DMSO. It is used as a solvent for many reactions, especially in biochemistry.

Functional groups
Organosulfur compounds
Olly Murs

Olly Murs (born 14 May 1984) is an English singer. He comes from Witham, Essex. He became famous after he finished second in The X Factor in 2009.

In August 2010, his first single "Please Don't Let Me Go" came top of the record charts in the UK. After that, he had another three songs that went to number one: "Heart Skips a Beat", "Dance With Me Tonight" and "Troublemaker" (with Flo Rida). He has also made three albums, which all did well in the UK charts. His label is Epic Records.

He is co-host of the X Factor along with Caroline Flack. They took over from Dermot o'Leary from 2015.

Note

Other websites 
Official website 

1984 births
Living people
English pop singers
English singer-songwriters
English television presenters
Singers from Essex
Television personalities from Essex
LaSalle Street

LaSalle Street is a major north-south street in Chicago named after Sieur de La Salle, an early explorer from Illinois. The section that runs through the Chicago Loop is thought to be Chicago's financial district. The Chicago Board of Trade Building is in the north part of the street. The street is a good spot for movies because of the location of the Trade Building. The street also has many tall buildings.

References

Roads in Chicago
Lake Shore Drive

Lake Shore Drive is a freeway-standard expressway in Chicago, Illinois. It runs along the shore of Lake Michigan. The highway passes Navy Pier all the through 875 North Michigan Avenue. The drive is a dangerous area during blizzards. The drive was named Leif Ericson Drive (after Leif Ericson) until it was renamed in 1946.

References

Other websites

 Lake Shore Drive Redux from ForgottenChicago.com
 The Campaign to Depave Lake Shore Drive
 Historic, Current & Average Travel Times For Lake Shore Drive 

Roads in Chicago
Navy Pier

Navy Pier is a pier on the Chicago shoreline of Lake Michigan. It is  long. It is in the Streeterville neighborhood of the Near North Side community area. The pier was built in 1916. It cost $4.5 million. It was a part of the Plan of Chicago developed by architect and city planner Daniel Burnham and his partners. The pier has a  tall Ferris wheel.

Other websites

 
 Chicago Children's Museum on Navy Pier
 Chicago Shakespeare Theater on Navy Pier
 IMAX Theater on Navy Pier 
 Photos of Navy Pier at Night 
 3D Google Earth Model

Buildings and structures in Chicago, Illinois
Daniel Burnham

Daniel Hudson Burnham  (September 4, 1846 – June 1, 1912) was an American architect and urban designer. Burnham helped create buildings or streets in Washington, D.C., in New York City, and in his hometown of Chicago. He helped create Navy Pier.

Burnham was born on September 4, 1846 in Henderson, New York. He was raised in Chicago, Illinois. He was rejected from Yale University and at Harvard University. Burnham was married to Margaret Sherman from 1876 until his death in 1912. They had two children. Burnham died on June 1, 1912 in Heidelberg, Germany from diabetes, aged 65. He was buried in Graceland Cemetery in Uptown, Chicago.

References

Other websites

Ryerson & Burnham Libraries at The Art Institute of Chicago 
Burnham, Beaux-Arts, Plan of Chicago, & Fairs 
 Booknotes interview with Erik Larson on The Devil in the White City, September 14, 2003. 

1846 births
1912 deaths
Deaths from diabetes
Burials at Graceland Cemetery
Architects from Chicago
People from New York
Barney Frank

Barnett "Barney" Frank (born March 31, 1940) is an American politician who served in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1981 to 2013. A member of the Democratic Party, he served as chairman of the House Financial Services Committee (2007–2011). He was a leading co-sponsor of the 2010 Dodd–Frank Act, a sweeping reform of the U.S. financial industry. Frank, a resident of Newton, Massachusetts, is considered the most prominent openly gay politician in the United States. 

Frank was born on March 31, 1940 in Bayonne, New Jersey. He studied at Harvard University. He has been married to Jim Ready since 2012.

Barney's latest book is "Frank Barney Frank," a review of his personal and political career and a strong argument for empowering government to help people.

References

Other websites

 

 Congressman Frank defends trans-exclusive Employment Non-Discrimination Act, The Bilerico Project, September 28, 2007.
 The Republicans' Democracy Disorder , In These Times, 2006-02-04
 Congressman Barney Frank: A Buzzflash Interview , Buzzflash, July 22, 2003
 Monumentally Frank: Interview with Massachusetts Congressman Barney Frank Metro Weekly, March 20, 2003.
 Frank Discusses U.S. Policy, Attitude Regarding Gay Rights, The Hoya, October 19, 2001.

1940 births
Living people
Gay men
Harvard University alumni
People from Bayonne, New Jersey
People from Newton, Massachusetts
LGBT people from New Jersey
LGBT politicians
Politicians from New Jersey
United States representatives from Massachusetts
US Democratic Party politicians
Miranda Hart

Miranda Katharine Hart-Dyke (born 14 December 1972) is a British actress, writer and comedienne. She was born in Torquay, Devon. Her parents are Diana Margaret Luce and David Hart Dyke. Miranda grew up in Petersfield, Hampshire. She writes, produces and stars in the television sitcom Miranda. Her other acting roles include: Hyperdrive, Not Going Out and Call the Midwife.

Other websites 

Actors from Devon
Actors from Hampshire
British stand-up comedians
British television producers
British television writers
Comedians from Hampshire
English movie actors
English television actors
English writers
Reality television participants
Writers from Hampshire
Writers from Devon
1972 births
Living people
Neil Abercrombie

Neil Abercrombie (born June 26, 1938) is an American politician. He  was the 7th Governor of Hawaii from December 2010 to December 2014. Previously he was the Democratic U.S. Representative of the First Congressional District of Hawaii, which comprises urban Honolulu.

He served in Congress from 1986 to 1987 and from 1991 to 2010, when he resigned to successfully run for governor. He has also served as a state legislator and member of the Honolulu City Council.

In August 2014, he was defeated in the Hawaii Democratic primary by state senator David Ige.

Abercrombie was born on June 26, 1938 in Buffalo, New York. He has Irish, English, and German ancestry. He studied at Union College and at the University of Hawaii, Manoa. He went to schools in Hawaii with the parents of Barack Obama. Abercrombie has been married to Nancie Caraway since 1981.

References

Other websites

 State of Hawaii Office of the Governor official state website
 Neil Abercrombie For Governor  official campaign site
 Neil Abercrombie Campaign Material  by ArchivoElectoral.org

1938 births
Living people
US Democratic Party politicians
United States representatives from Hawaii
Politicians from Buffalo, New York
Governors of Hawaii
20th-century American politicians
21st-century American politicians
American sociologists
American teachers
Politicians from Honolulu
Educators from Honolulu
Educators from New York
Mario Party 9

Mario Party 9 is a party board video game for the Nintendo Wii console. It is the 12th game in the Mario Party series. It was developed by Nd Cube and published by Nintendo. It is the second and last game for the Wii (the first being Mario Party 8). It was released on March 2, 2012 in Europe, on March 8, 2012 in Australia, on March 11, 2012 in North America, on April 26, 2012 in Japan, on June 29, 2012 in Hong Kong, and on April 11 2013 in South Korea.

Gameplay

In Mario Party 9, players now move together on boards in a vehicle. The vehicle is themed towards the board. Players no longer collect coins and stars. Instead, they collect Mini Stars. Mini Stars are collected by passing by a space with them. There are also spaces with Mini Ztars, which deducts a player's Mini Star amount. Mini-games are no longer played after the end of each turn. Instead, mini-games are played by landing on a mini-game space. At the end of a mini-game, players are ranked from first to last place. Players who earn high positions earn more Mini Stars.

Seven boards are available. One of the boards must be unlocked. Boards now take a straight path. A game ends when the players go around the board once. After a game ends, the players face off against a boss. Each board has a different boss.

Twelve characters are available to play as. Two of the characters must be unlocked in Solo Mode.

References

Other websites
Mario Party 9 North American official website 

2012 video games
Mario Party games
Wii games
Wii-only games
Phil Bruns

Phillip Bruns (May 2, 1931 – February 8, 2012) was an American actor and writer who was known for his role as George Shumway in Mary Hartman, Mary Hartman.

Bruns was born on May 2, 1931 in Pipestone, Minnesota. He was married to Laurie Franks from until his death in 2012. Bruns died on February 8, 2012 in Los Angeles, California from natural causes, aged 80.

References

Other websites

Phil Bruns; findagrave.com

1931 births
2012 deaths
Deaths from natural causes
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
American stage actors
Actors from Minnesota
Writers from Minnesota
Ron Leibman

Ron Leibman (October 11, 1937 – December 6, 2019) was an American actor and educator. He was known for his role as Dr. Leonard Green in the famous comedy sitcom Friends. He won an Drama Desk Award in 1993, an Emmy Award in 1979, and an Tony Award in 1993 for his role as Roy Cohn in Angels in America.

Leibman was born on October 11, 1937 in New York City, New York. He studied at Ohio Wesleyan University. Leibman was married to Linda Lavin from 1969 until they divorced in 1981. He married to Jessica Walter from 1983 until 2019.

Leibman died from pneumonia-related problems in New York City on December 6, 2019, at age 82.

References

Other websites
 
 Ron Leibman at the University of Wisconsin's Actors Studio audio collection 
The New School for Drama

1937 births
2019 deaths
Deaths from pneumonia
Disease-related deaths in New York City
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American voice actors
Actors from New York City
Educators from New York City
Drama Desk Award winners
Tony Award winning actors
Emmy Award winning actors
Will Keith Kellogg

Will Keith "W.K." Kellogg (April 7, 1860 – October 6, 1951) was an American industrialist in food manufacturing, best known as the founder of the Kellogg Company. His brother was John Harvey Kellogg.

Kellogg was born on April 7, 1860 in Battle Creek, Michigan. He was married to Ella Osborn Davis from 1880 until her death in 1912. They had five children. Then he was married to Carrie Staines from 1918 until her death in 1948. Kellogg died on October 6, 1951 in Battle Creek, Michigan from heart failure, aged 91.

References

Other websites
Genealogy wiki 

1860 births
1951 deaths
Deaths from heart failure
People with foods named after them
Businesspeople from Michigan
Chief executives
People from Battle Creek, Michigan
History of mathematics

History of mathematics is how mathematics has developed over time. Early maths by Babylonians and Egyptians was built upon by Greeks such as Euclid, Archimedes, Pythagoras and Eratosthenes. Other important figures include Fibonacci, Descartes, Leonhard Euler, Blaise Pascal and Gauss.

Related pages 
Principia Mathematica

Mathematics

as:গণিত#গণিতৰ ইতিহাস
John Harvey Kellogg

John Harvey Kellogg (February 26, 1852 – December 14, 1943) was an American medical doctor. He and his brother, Will Keith Kellogg, invented corn flakes.

Kellogg was born on February 26, 1852 in Battle Creek, Michigan. He studied at New York University. Kellogg was married to Ella Ervilla Eaton from 1879 until her death in 1920. They adopted seven children. Kellogg died on December 14, 1943 in Battle Creek, Michigan from an illness, aged 91.

References

Other websites

Photo Gallery (1000+ images) related to Dr. John Harvey Kellogg and the Battle Creek Sanitarium 

Etext of Plain Facts For Old And Young 

Dr. John Harvey Kellogg and Battle Creek Foods: Work with Soy from the Soy foods Center
 Dr. John Harvey Kellogg from the Battle Creek Historical Society

1852 births
1943 deaths
People with foods named after them
Businesspeople from Michigan
Chief executives
People from Battle Creek, Michigan
Studebaker

The Studebaker Corporation was an American company in South Bend, Indiana that built automobiles.  It started in 1852 making wagons, at that time it was named Studebaker Brothers Manufacturing Company.  Later they started making cars and then pickups.  In 1966 they went out of business.

History 

At first, Studebaker built horse wagons used by farmers, miners and the military.  In 1902 they started making electric vehicles and in 1904 they started making gasoline vehicles.  At first they worked with other companies to make the vehicles, but starting in 1912 they made the whole car by themselves.  For fifty years they made many cars that worked well and had interesting shapes.  But the cars cost a lot of money and after some years of troubles, the company shut down in 1966.

Models 

Cars
 Hawk
 Lark
 Avanti
 many others

Trucks
 Transtar
 Champ
 others

American automobile companies
Companies based in Indiana
1852 establishments in the United States
1966 disestablishments in the United States
Defunct companies of the United States