July 28



Events

Up to 1900 
 1364  Troops of the Republic of Pisa and Republic of Florence clash in the Battle of Cascina.
 1540  Thomas Cromwell, 1st Earl of Essex is executed at the order of King Henry VIII of England, who marries his fifth wife, Catherine Howard, on the same day.
 1566  A storm sinks several ships off the coast of the island of Gotland, Sweden, killing around 6,000 people.
 1609  Bermuda is settled by English sailors, after their ship, the Sea Venture, runs aground, on the way to Virginia.
 1794  French revolutionary leaders Maximilien Robespierre and Louis Saint-Just are executed on the guillotine.
 1800  First successful climb of the Grossglockner in the Austrian Alps by Martin and Sepp Klotz.
 1809  Napoleonic Wars: In the Battle of Talavera an army led by Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington prevents Joseph Bonaparte from advancing into Portugal.
 1821  Peru declares independence from Spain, through Jose de San Martin.
 1835  Joseph Fieschi and co-plotters attempt an attack on Louis Philippe of France, who survives with slight injuries, though several people are killed.
 1858  Fingerprints are used for the first time to prove identity. William Herschel, Indian Civil service, used Rajyadhar Konai's print on the back of an envelope.
 1864  American Civil War: Battle of Ezra Church - Confederate forces fail their third attempt to drive Union forces out of Atlanta.
 1865  Welsh settlement of Chubut, Argentina, begins.
 1866  At age 18, Vinnie Ream becomes the first and youngest woman to be commissioned by the United States Government for a statue (of Abraham Lincoln).
 1868  The 14th Amendment to the United States Constitution is ratified, guaranteeing African Americans citizenship.
 1883  The Italian island of Ischia is struck by a powerful earthquake, killing 2,300 people.
 1896  The city of Miami, Florida is incorporated.

1901  2000 
 1914  World War I starts when Austria-Hungary goes to war with Serbia.
 1932  US President Herbert Hoover orders the United States Army to forcibly evict the "Bonus Army" of World War I veterans gathered in Washington, DC.
 1933  Spain and the Soviet Union establish diplomatic relations.
 1935  First flight of a Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress.
 1938  The Hawaii Clipper disappears  between Guam and Manila as the first loss of an airliner in the Trans-Pacific China Clipper service. 
 1942  World War II: Soviet leader Joseph Stalin issues Order Number 227 in response to alarming German advances into the Soviet Union. Under the order, all those who retreat or otherwise leave their positions, without orders to do so, are to be executed.
 1943  World War II: British bombers bomb the city of Hamburg, causing a firestorm which kills around 42,000 people.
 1945  A US Army plane crashes into the Empire State Building in New York, killing 14 people.
 1947  An ammonium nitrate-loaded ship, Ocean Liberty, explodes in the harbor of Brest, Brittany, France, killing 21 people and injuring over 100.
 1957  Heavy rain and a mudslide in Isahaya, Kyushu, Japan, kill 992 people.
 1965  US President Lyndon B. Johnson announces the increase of US troops in Vietnam from 75,000 to 125,000.
 1973  Summer Jam at Watkins Glen:  600,000 people attend a rock music festival at the Watkins Glen International Raceway.
 1976  A strong earthquake, estimated at magnitude 8.2, strikes Tangshan, China. It kills 242,769 people. The estimated number of people injured is 164,851.
 1977  Spain applies for membership of the European Community.
 1981  An earthquake in Iran kills 1,500 people.
 1984  The 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, California, begin.
 1987  A rock fall buries the village of Morignone in upper Valtellina, northern Italy, killing 53 people and making 1,500 homeless.
 1990  Alberto Fujimori becomes President of Peru.
 1991  Miguel Indurain wins his first Tour de France.
 1993  Andorra joins the United Nations.
 1996  Ivan Milat is found guilty of 7 murders in the Sydney backpacker trial.
 1996  Remains of a prehistoric man are discovered in Kennewick, Washington, later known as the Kennewick Man.

From 2001 
 2001  Australian Ian Thorpe becomes the first swimmer to win 6 gold medals at a single World Championship.
 2001  Alejandro Toledo becomes President of Peru.
 2005  Tornadoes hit residential areas of Birmingham and Coventry, England, injuring 14 people.
 2005  The Provisional Irish Republican Army calls an end to  its 30-year long armed campaign in Northern Ireland.
 2006  Alan García becomes President of Peru.
 2008  The historic Grand Pier in Weston-super-Mare, England, burns down for the second time in 80 years.
 2010  A plane crash in the Margalla Hills, near Islamabad, Pakistan, kills 152 people.
 2011  Ollanta Humala becomes President of Peru.
 2013  Jewels worth 103 million euros are stolen in Cannes, France.
 2013  A coach carrying 50 people crashes into a ravine near Avellino, Campania region, Italy, killing 38 people. It was travelling to nearby Naples when it crashed.
 2014  2014 Commonwealth Games in Glasgow: Host nation Scotland achieves its highest-ever gold medal total at the Commonwealth Games, winning a 12th one with six days of competition remaining.
 2016  Pedro Pablo Kuczynski becomes President of Peru.
 2016  Hillary Clinton accepts the Democratic Party nomination for President of the United States, becoming the first woman to become the candidate of a major US political party.
 2017  Nawaz Sharif resigns as Prime Minister of Pakistan after being ruled unfit for office over his family's involvement in the Panama Papers scandal.
 2019  Egan Bernal becomes the first Colombian cyclist to win the Tour de France and, at age 22, the youngest cyclist to win it in 110 years.

Births

Up to 1900 
 1165  Ibn Arabi, Spanish sufi (d. 1240)
 1347  Margaret of Durazzo (d. 1412)
 1456  Jacopo Sannazzaro, Italian poet (d. 1530)
 1522  Margaret of Parma (d. 1586)
 1609  Judith Leyster, Dutch painter (d. 1660)
 1635  Robert Hooke, English polymath (d. 1703)
 1643  Antonio Tarsia, Slovenian composer (d. 1722)
 1645  Marguerite Louise d'Orleans, Grand Duchess of Tuscany (d. 1721)
 1746  Thomas Heyward, Jr., American signer of the Declaration of Independence (d. 1809)
 1777  William II, Elector of Hesse (d. 1847)
 1804  Ludwig Feuerbach, German philosopher (d. 1872)
 1815  Stefan Dunjov, Bulgarian military figure (d. 1889)
 1844  Gerard Manley Hopkins, English poet (d. 1889)
 1859  Mary Anderson, American actress (d. 1940)
 1860  Grand Duchess Anastasia Mikhailovna of Russia (d. 1922)
 1860  Elias M. Ammons, 18th Governor of Colorado (d. 1925)
 1863  Huseyn Khan Nakhchivanski, Russian general (d. 1919)
 1866  Beatrix Potter, British writer (d. 1943)
 1866  Albertson Van Zo Post, American fencer (d. 1938)
 1867  Charles Dillon Perrine, American astronomer (d. 1951)
 1872  Albert Sarraut, French politician (d. 1962)
 1873  Louisa Garrett Anderson, British physician and suffragette (d. 1943)
 1874  Ernst Cassirer, German philosopher (d. 1945)
 1879  Lucy Burns, American Women's rights activist (d. 1966)
 1879  Stefan Filipkiewicz, Polish painter (d. 1944)
 1887  Marcel Duchamp, French painter (d. 1968)
 1891  Ron Oxenham, Australian cricketer (d. 1939)
 1896  Barbara La Marr, American actress (d. 1926)

1901  1950 
 1901  Harry Bridges, Australian-American labor leader (d. 1990)
 1901  Rudy Vallée, American singer (d. 1986)
 1901  Freddie Fitzsimmons, American baseball player, coach and manager (d. 1979)
 1902  Albert Namatjira, Australian artist (d. 1959)
 1902  Karl Popper, Austrian-British philosopher (d. 1994)
 1903  Roger Mynors, British classical philologist (d. 1989)
 1904  Selwyn Lloyd, British politician (d. 1978)
 1904  Pavel Cherenkov, Russian physicist (d. 1990)
 1907  Earl Tupper, American inventor (d. 1983)
 1909  Malcolm Lowry, English writer (d. 1957)
 1914  Carmen Dragon, American composer (d. 1984)
 1915  Charles Hard Townes, American physicist (d. 2015)
 1915  Frankie Yankovic, American polka musician (d. 1998)
 1916  David Brown, American producer (d. 2010)
 1920  Andrew V. McLaglen, English-American movie and television director (d. 2014)
 1922  Jacques Piccard, Belgian-Swiss undersea explorer (d. 2008)
 1923  Kent Lee, American Vice Admiral (d. 2017)
 1924  Irving Burgie, American songwriter (d. 2019)
 1925  Baruch Samuel Blumberg, American physician (d. 2011)
 1925  Harry Haddock, Scottish footballer (d. 1998)
 1925  Juan Schiaffino, Uruguayan footballer (d. 2002)
 1927  Ermes Muccinelli, Italian footballer (d. 1994)
 1927  John Ashbery, American poet (d. 2017)
 1929  Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis, First Lady of the United States (d. 1994)
 1930  Jean Roba, Belgian comics writer (d. 2006)
 1930  Firoza Begum, Bangladeshi singer (d. 2014)
 1931  Karl-Friedrich Haas, German athlete
 1933  Charlie Hodge, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 2016)
 1934  Bud Luckey, American cartoonist, animator, actor and comedian (d. 2018)
 1935  Ernie Bowman, American baseball player (d. 2019)
 1937  Francis Veber, French director and screenwriter
 1937  John Anthony Walker, American naval officer (d. 2014)
 1938  Luis Aragonés, Spanish football manager (d. 2014)
 1938  Alberto Fujimori, former President of Peru
 1938  Chuan Leekpai, Thai politician
 1938  Ian McCaskill, Scottish weather forecaster (d. 2016)
 1938  Arsen Dedic, Croatian singer-songwriter (d. 2015)
 1939  Gösta Ekman, Swedish actor (d. 2017)
 1941  Peter Cullen, Canadian voice actor
 1941  Michael Mukasey, 81st Attorney General of the United States
 1941  Riccardo Muti, Italian conductor
 1943  Bill Bradley, American basketball player and politician
 1943  Richard Wright, English keyboardist (Pink Floyd) (d. 2008)
 1943  Judy Martz, American politician, 22nd Governor of Montana (d. 2017)
 1943  Mike Bloomfield, American blues guitarist
 1945  Jim Davis, American cartoonist
 1946  Jonathan Edwards, American singer-songwriter
 1946  Linda Kelsey, American actress
 1947  Peter Cosgrove, 26th Governor-General of Australia
 1947  Barbara Ferrell, American athlete
 1947  Sally Struthers, American actress
 1948  Georgia Engel, American actress (d. 2019)
 1950  Isidore Battikha, Greek Orthodox Archbishop of Homs, Syria
 1950  Tom Cotcher, Scottish actor

1951  1975 
 1951  Santiago Calatrava, Spanish architect
 1951  Doug Collins, American basketball player and coach
 1951  Alfredo Pérez Rubalcaba, Spanish politician (d. 2019)
 1952  Vajiralongkorn, King of Thailand
 1954  Hugo Chávez, President of Venezuela (d. 2013)
 1954  Gerd Faltings, German mathematician
 1954  Steve Morse, American guitarist
 1954  Bruce Abbott, American actor
 1955  Nikolay Zimyatov, Russian cross-country skier
 1956  Luca Barbareschi, Italian movie and theatre actor, producer and director
 1957  Scott Pelley, American journalist
 1958  Terry Fox, Canadian athlete (d. 1981)
 1958  Michael Hitchcock, American screenwriter, actor and producer
 1960  Alexandre Czerniatynski, Belgian footballer
 1960  Yoichi Takahashi, Japanese cartoonist
 1960  Harald Lesch, German astrophysicist
 1960  Jonathan Gold, American food critic (d. 2018)
 1961  Luiz Fernando Carvalho, Brazilian director
 1961  Yannick Dalmas, French racing driver
 1961  Aleksandr Kurlovich, Soviet weight lifter
 1964  Lori Loughlin, American actress
 1965  Priscilla Chan, Hong Kong singer
 1965  Delfeayo Marsalis, American trombonist
 1965  Daniela Mercury, Brazilian singer
 1966  Miguel Angel Nadal, Spanish footballer
 1967  Brent Saulsbury, American musician and composer
 1969  Alexis Arquette, American actress (d. 2016)
 1969  Garth Snow, American ice hockey player
 1970  Michael Amott, Swedish guitarist and songwriter
 1970  Isabelle Brasseur, Canadian ice skater
 1971  Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, Iraqi leader of the self-proclaimed Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant
 1972  Elizabeth Berkley, American actress
 1973  Clara Ng, Indonesian writer
 1973  Marc Dupré, Canadian singer-songwriter and guitarist
 1974  Justin Lee Collins, British comedian
 1974  Alexis Tsipras, Greek politician, former Prime Minister of Greece
 1975  Leonor Watling, Spanish actress and singer

From 1976 
 1977  Emanuel Ginobili, Argentine basketball player
 1977  Pascale Bruderer, Swiss politician
 1977  Aki Berg, Finnish ice hockey player
 1978  Hitomi Yaida, Japanese singer, songwriter and guitarist
 1979  Birgitta Haukdal, Icelandic singer
 1980  Noel Sullivan, Welsh singer and actor (Hear'Say)
 1981  Michael Carrick, English footballer
 1981  Willie Green, American basketball player and coach
 1982  Agusta Eva Erlendsdottir, Icelandic singer and actress
 1983  Dhanush, Indian actor and singer
 1983  Juan Guaidó, Venezuelan politician
 1984  Ali Krieger, American soccer player
 1984  Zach Parise, American ice hockey player
 1985  Mathieu Debuchy, French footballer
 1985  Darren Murphy, Irish footballer
 1987  Pedro Rodríguez Ledesma, Spanish footballer
 1987  Sumire, Japanese fashion model (d. 2009)
 1988  Ayla Brown, American basketball player and coach
 1990  Soulja Boy, American rapper
 1992  Spencer Boldman, American actor
 1993  Hannah Lochner, Canadian actress
 1993  Cher Lloyd, English singer and rapper
 1993  Harry Kane, English footballer

Deaths

Up to 1900 
 450  Theodosius II, Byzantine Emperor (b. 1401)
 1057  Pope Victor II (b. 1018)
 1230  Leopold VI of Austria (b. 1176)
 1285  Keran, Queen of Armenia
 1527  Rodrigo de Bastidas, Spanish conquistador (b. 1460)
 1540  Thomas Cromwell, 1st Earl of Essex, English statesman (b. 1495)
 1614  Felix Platter, Swiss doctor and autobiographical writer (b. 1536) 
 1631  Guillen de Castro y Bellvis, Spanish playwright (b. 1569)
 1655  Cyrano de Bergerac, French poet (b. 1619)
 1677  Abraham Cowley, English poet (b. 1618)
 1685  Henry Bennet, 1st Earl of Arlington, English statesman (b. 1618)
 1718  Etienne Baluze, French scholar (b. 1630)
 1741  Antonio Vivaldi, Italian composer (b. 1678)
 1746  John Peter Zenger, American publicist (b. 1697)
 1750  Johann Sebastian Bach, German composer (b. 1685)
 1762  George Dodington, 1st Baron Melcombe, English politician (b. 1691)
 1794  Maximilien Robespierre, French Revolutionary leader (b. 1758)
 1794  Louis de Saint-Just, French Revolutionary leader (b. 1867)
 1794  Georges Couthon, French politician (b. 1755)
 1808  Selim III, Ottoman sultan (b. 1762)
 1818  Gaspard Monge, French mathematician (b. 1746)
 1835  Edouard Mortier, duc de Trevise, French general and politician (b. 1768)
 1836  Nathan Mayer Rothschild, English banker and financier (b. 1777)
 1842  Clemens Brentano, German poet (b. 1778)
 1844  Joseph Bonaparte, older brother of Napoleon I and King of Naples and Spain (b. 1768)
 1849  Charles Albert of Sardinia (b. 1798)
 1850  Salomon Mayer von Rothschild, Austrian businessman and banker (b. 1774)
 1869  Jan Evangelista Purkyne, Czech anatomist and physiologist (b. 1787)
 1875  Jean Baptista von Schweitzer, German dramatist (b. 1833)
 1878  George Law Curry, American politician (b. 1820)
 1895  Edward Beecher, American theologian (b. 1803)
 1899  Antonio Guzman Blanco, President of Venezuela (b. 1829)

1901  2000 
 1917  Waldemar Tietgens, German rower (b. 1879)
 1930  Allvar Gullstrand, Swedish ophthalmologist, won the 1911 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1862)
 1930  John DeWitt, American hammer thrower (b. 1881)
 1933  Nishinoumi Kajiro III, Japanese sumo wrestler (b. 1890)
 1934  Marie Dressler, actress (b. 1868)
 1935  Meletius IV of Constantinople (b. 1871)
 1942  William Matthew Flinders Petrie, English Egyptologist (b. 1853)
 1944  Ralph H. Fowler, British astronomer (b. 1889)
 1957  Edith Abbott, social worker, educator, and writer (b. 1876)
 1965  Edogawa Ranpo, Japanese writer of detective novels (b. 1894)
 1965  Sheikh Attallah Suleimat, Jordanian ruler (b. 1875)
 1967  Karl W. Richter, American aviator (b. 1942)
 1968  Otto Hahn, German chemist, Nobel Prize winner (b. 1879)
 1969  Frank Loesser, composer (b. 1910)
 1971  Myril Hoag, baseball player (b. 1908)
 1972  Helen Traubel, American soprano (b. 1903)
 1982  Keith Green, American gospel singer, songwriter, and pianist (b. 1953)
 1996  Marguerite "Marge" Ganser, singer (Shangri-Las) (b. 1948)
 1997  Seni Pramoj, Thai politician (b. 1905)
 1998  Zbigniew Herbert, Polish poet and writer (b. 1924)
 1999  Trygve Haavelmo, Norwegian economist (b. 1911)
 2000  Abraham Pais, Dutch-American physicist and historian (b. 1918)

From 2001 
 2002  Arthur John Porter Martin, English chemist (b. 1910)
 2003  Lady Valerie Goulding, Irish Senator and campaigner for the disabled  (b. 1918)
 2004  Tiziano Terzani, Italian journalist (b. 1938)
 2004  Francis Crick, English chemist, winner of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1916)
 2004  Sam Edwards, American actor (b. 1915)
 2006  Patrick Allen, British actor (b. 1927)
 2008  Suzanne Tamim, Lebanese actress and singer (b. 1977)
 2011  Abdul Fatah Younis, Libyan military commander (b. 1944)
 2013  Mustafa Adrisi, 3rd Vice President of Uganda (b. 1922)
 2013  Ersilio Tonini, Italian cardinal (b. 1914)
 2013  Rita Reys, Dutch jazz singer (b. 1924)
 2013  William Scranton, American diplomat and politician, 38th Governor of Pennsylvania (b. 1917)
 2013  Eileen Brennan, American actress (b. 1932)
 2014  Margot Adler, American writer and journalist (b. 1946)
 2014  James Shigeta, American actor (b. 1930)
 2014  Yvette Lebon, French actress (b. 1910)
 2014  Paul D. McGowan, American politician (b. 1947)
 2014  Theodore Van Kirk, American soldier, pilot and navigator (b. 1921)
 2014  Monty M. Wyche, American judge (b. 1926)
 2015  Edward Natapei, Prime Minister of Vanuatu (b. 1954)
 2015  Jan Kulczyk, Polish businessman (b. 1950) 
 2015  David Faber, Polish Holocaust survivor and author (b. 1928)
 2016  Mahasweta Devi, Indian writer (b. 1926)
 2016  Emile Derlin Zinsou, President of Benin (b. 1918)
 2017  Enzo Bettiza, Croatian-Italian novelist, journalist and politician (b. 1927)
 2017  Charlie Gard, British infant, focus of life support and parental rights case (b. 2016)
 2017  Inder Kumar, Indian actor (b. 1973)
 2017  John G. Morris, American photo editor (b. 1916)
 2017  Warren Keith Urbom, American judge (b. 1925)
 2018  Kora Jackowska, Polish rock music singer and voice actress (b. 1951)
 2018  Bruce Lietzke, American golfer (b. 1951)
 2019  Eduardo Gómez, Spanish actor and comedian (b. 1951)
 2019  George Hilton, Uruguayan-Italian actor (b. 1934)
 2019  Vladimir Kara-Murza Sr., Russian journalist and television host (b. 1959)
 2019  Loek van Mil, Dutch baseball player (b. 1984)
 2019  Jaipal Reddy, Indian politician (b. 1942)
 2019  Ruth de Souza, Brazilian actress (b. 1921)

Observances 
 Peru: Independence Day
 Faroe Islands: Eve of the feast day of Saint Olaf.
 San Marino: Liberation Day
 World Hepatitis Day (after birthday of Baruch Samuel Blumberg)

Days of the year