cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Bert Olmstead

Murray Albert Olmstead (September 4, 1926 – November 16, 2015) was a Canadian professional ice hockey left winger. He played for the Montreal Canadiens, Chicago Black Hawks and Toronto Maple Leafs in the National Hockey League (NHL).

Early life
Olmstead was born in a small town called Sceptre in Saskatchewan on September 4, 1926. in 1944, when he was 18, he moved to Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan, to play junior hockey.

Career
Olmstead began his career with the Black Hawks in 1949. In December 1950, he was traded to the Montreal Canadiens via Detroit. Olmstead had his best statistical years playing for Montreal, leading the league in assists in 1954–55 with 48, and setting a league record for assists with 56 the following season. Olmstead was claimed in an Intra-League Draft by Toronto Maple Leafs in 1958, and played there until his retirement in 1962. 

In the 1967–68 season, Olmstead served as coach of the expansion Oakland Seals. Olmstead played in the Stanley Cup final in 11 of his 14 seasons in the NHL, winning it five times. He won it four times with Montreal, in 1953, and from 1956 to 1958, and once with Toronto, in 1962, which was his last season. He was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1985.

Death
Olmstead died at his home in High River, Alberta on November 16, 2015, due to complications after suffering a stroke. aged 89.

References

Other websites

1926 births
2015 deaths
Cardiovascular disease deaths in Canada
Chicago Blackhawks players
Deaths from stroke
Disease-related deaths in Alberta
Ice hockey people from Saskatchewan
Montreal Canadiens players
Toronto Maple Leafs players
Muş Province

Muş Province () is a province in eastern Turkey. It is 8,196 km² in area, and has a population of 406,886 according to a 2010 estimate. The population was 453,654 in 2000. The provincial capital is the city of Muş. Another town in Muş province, Malazgirt (Manzikert), is famous for the Battle of Manzikert of 1071. The majority of the province's population is Kurdish.

Districts
Muş province is divided into 6 districts (capital district in bold):
Bulanık
Hasköy
Korkut
Malazgirt
Varto

References

Other websites 
 Governor's web site.
 Muş Weather Forecast Information 

Provinces of Turkey
Signed, Sealed & Delivered

{{Infobox album| 
| name = Signed, Sealed & Delivered
| type = studio
| artist = Stevie Wonder
| cover = 
| released = August 7, 1970
| recorded = 
| genre = 
| length = 35:30
| label = Tamla
| producer = 
| prev_title = Live at the Talk of the Town(1970)
, Sealed & Delivered(1970)
| next_title = Where I'm Coming From(1971)
}}Signed, Sealed & Delivered''''' is the twelfth studio album by American recording artist Stevie Wonder. It was released on August 7, 1970, by Tamla. It was also Wonder's third album to be released in 1970 as he had already released two live albums earlier on in the year.

Track listing

Side One
"Never Had a Dream Come True" (Stevie Wonder, Henry Cosby and Sylvia Moy) - 3:13
"We Can Work It Out" (John Lennon, Paul McCartney) - 3:19
"Signed, Sealed, Delivered, I'm Yours" (Lee Garrett, Lula Mae Hardaway, Stevie Wonder and Syreeta Wright) - 2:39
"Heaven Help Us All" (Ron Miller) - 3:13
"You Can't Judge a Book By Its Cover" (Henry Cosby, Pam Sawyer and Stevie Wonder) - 2:32
"Sugar" (Don Hunter and Stevie Wonder) - 2:52

Side Two
"Don't Wonder Why" (Leonard Caston) - 4:54
"Anything You Want Me To Do" (Hunter, Lula Mae Hardaway, Paul Riser and Stevie Wonder) - 2:19
"I Can't Let My Heaven Walk Away" (Joe Hinton and Pam Sawyer) - 2:53
"Joy (Takes Over Me)" (Duke Browner) - 2:12
"I Gotta Have a Song" (Don Hunter, Hardaway, Paul Riser and Stevie Wonder) - 2:32
"Something to Say" (Don Hunter and Stevie Wonder) - 3:26

References

1970 albums
R&B albums
Soul albums
Funk albums
Where I'm Coming From

Where I'm Coming From is the thirteenth album by Stevie Wonder.  The album was released by Motown Records on April 12, 1971. It was his only album to be released in 1971 as Music of My Mind was released in 1972.

Track listing
All songs written by Stevie Wonder and Syreeta Wright

Side One
 "Look Around"  – 2:45
 "Do Yourself a Favor"  – 6:10
 "Think of Me as Your Soldier"  – 3:37
 "Something Out of the Blue"  – 2:59
 "If You Really Love Me"  – 3:00

Side Two
 "I Wanna Talk to You"  – 5:18
 "Take Up a Course in Happiness"  – 3:11
 "Never Dreamed You'd Leave in Summer"  – 2:53
 "Sunshine in Their Eyes"  – 6:58

References

1971 albums
R&B albums
Soul albums
Funk albums
Music of My Mind

Music of My Mind is the fourteenth studio album by American singer-songwriter Stevie Wonder.  It was released on March 3, 1972, by Tamla Records. Wonder would also release another studio album later on in 1972, called Talking Book.

Release and reception

Track listing

Side one 
 "Love Having You Around" (Wonder, Syreeta Wright) – 7:21
 Stevie Wonder – lead vocal, background vocal, Fender Rhodes, talk box, drums, Moog bass
 Art Baron – trombone
 Background Singers – uncredited
 "Superwoman (Where Were You When I Needed You)" – 8:08
 Stevie Wonder – lead vocal, background vocal, Fender Rhodes, drums, Moog bass, T.O.N.T.O. synthesizer
 Buzz Feiten – electric guitar
 "I Love Every Little Thing About You" – 3:46
 Stevie Wonder – lead vocal, background vocal, Fender Rhodes, drums, bongos, Moog bass
 "Sweet Little Girl" – 4:54
 Stevie Wonder – lead vocal, background vocal, keyboard, Fender Rhodes, harmonica, drums, Moog bass
 Background Singer - Syreeta (uncredited)

Side two 
 "Happier Than the Morning Sun" – 5:18
 Stevie Wonder – lead vocal, background vocal, Hohner clavinet, Moog bass
 "Girl Blue" (Wonder, Yvonne Wright) – 3:36
 Stevie Wonder – lead vocal, Hohner clavinet, drums, talk box, harmonica, Moog bass, T.O.N.T.O. synthesizer, percussion
 "Seems So Long" – 4:22
 Stevie Wonder – lead vocal, keyboards, drums, Moog bass, T.O.N.T.O. synthesizer
 "Keep On Running" – 6:40
 Stevie Wonder – lead vocal, background vocal, piano, Hohner clavinet, handclaps, drums, Moog bass
 Background Singers – uncredited
 "Evil" (Wonder, Y. Wright) – 3:33
 Stevie Wonder – lead vocal, piano, drums, Moog bass, T.O.N.T.O. synthesizer
 Choir – uncredited

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

References 

1972 albums
R&B albums
Soul albums
Funk albums
Talking Book

Talking Book is the fifteenth album by Stevie Wonder. It was released on October 28, 1972 by Tamla. It was also his second album to be released in 1972 as Music of My Mind had been released just months before it. The album is also known for the hit "Superstition".

Track listing

Side one
 "You Are the Sunshine of My Life" (Wonder) – 2:58
Stevie Wonder – lead vocal, background vocal, Fender Rhodes, drums
Jim Gilstrap – first lead vocal, background vocal
Lani Groves – second lead vocal, background vocal
Gloria Barley – background vocal
Scott Edwards – electric bass
Daniel Ben Zebulon – congas
 "Maybe Your Baby" (Wonder) – 6:51
Stevie Wonder – lead vocal, background vocal, Hohner clavinet, drums, Moog bass
Ray Parker Jr. – electric guitar
 "You and I (We Can Conquer the World)" (Wonder) – 4:39
Stevie Wonder – lead vocal, piano, T.O.N.T.O. synthesizer
 "Tuesday Heartbreak" (Wonder) – 3:02
Stevie Wonder – lead vocal, background vocal, Fender rhodes, Hohner clavinet, drums, Moog bass
David Sanborn – alto saxophone
Deniece Williams – background vocal
Shirley Brewer – background vocal
 "You've Got It Bad Girl" (Wonder, Yvonne Wright) – 4:56
Stevie Wonder – lead vocal, background vocal, Fender Rhodes, drums, Moog bass, T.O.N.T.O. synthesizer
Jim Gilstrap – background vocal
Lani Groves – background vocal
Daniel Ben Zebulon – congas

Side two
 "Superstition" (Wonder) – 4:26
Stevie Wonder – lead vocal, Hohner clavinet, drums, Moog bass
Trevor Laurence – tenor saxophone
Steve Madaio – trumpet
 "Big Brother" (Wonder) – 3:34
Stevie Wonder – lead vocals, Hohner clavinet, drums, harmonica, Moog bass
 "Blame It On the Sun" (Wonder, Syreeta Wright) – 3:26
Stevie Wonder – lead vocal, background vocal, piano, drums, Moog bass, T.O.N.T.O. synthesizer
Jim Gilstrap – background vocal
Lani Groves – background vocal
Uncredited – guitar
 "Lookin' for Another Pure Love" (Wonder, S. Wright) – 4:44
Stevie Wonder – lead vocal, background vocal, Fender Rhodes, drums, Moog bass
Debra Wilson – background vocal
Shirley Brewer – background vocal
Loris Harvin (Delores Harvin) – background vocal
Jeff Beck – electric guitar
Buzz Feiten (Howard "Buzz" Feiten) – electric guitar
 "I Believe (When I Fall in Love It Will Be Forever)" (Wonder, Y. Wright) – 4:51
Stevie Wonder – lead vocal, background vocal, piano, Hohner clavinet, drums, Moog bass

Personnel
 Malcolm Cecil - Programming, Engineer, Associate Producer
 Robert Margouleff - Engineer, Associate Producer, Photography
 Austin Godsey - Engineer, Recording
 Joan Decola - Recording
 George Marino - Mastering

References

1972 albums
R&B albums
Soul albums
Funk albums
The Dutchess

The Dutchess is the debut studio album by American recording artist Fergie. It was released on September 13, 2006, by A&M Records and the will.i.am Music Group. Musically, The Dutchess is mainly a hip hop and R&B album that also has roots in reggae, dance and soul. The name is also a references to Sarah Ferguson, the real Duchess of York. They share a surname and nickname of Fergie. The title had media attention.

Three of the album's songs ("London Bridge", "Glamorous", and "Big Girls Don't Cry") reached number one on the Billboard Hot 100.  "Fergalicious" and "Clumsy" also reached the top five in the US.

Reviews

The Dutchess received mixed to positive reviews from music critics.

Track listings 

Notes
  signifies a vocal producer

Charts and certifications

Weekly charts

The Dutchess EP

Year-end charts

Certifications

References

2006 albums
Debut albums
Hip hop albums
Dance albums
R&B albums
We Invented the Remix

We Invented the Remix is a remix album by P. Diddy with the Bad Boy Family, released on May 14, 2002. It features remixes of hit singles by artists from Diddy's Bad Boy Records record label. The album reached the top of the U.S. Billboard 200 albums chart for a week and was later certified Platinum for shipments of over 1,000,000 copies. The album also reached #17 in the UK on the UK Albums Chart. The album featured the hit singles "I Need a Girl (Part 1)", which reached #2 in the U.S., and "I Need a Girl (Part 2)", which reached #4, a rare occurrence of both parts of the same song both becoming big hits. This was the last album Bad Boy would release under the Arista Records label.

Track listing

Chart positions

Other websites
We Invented the Remix lyrics

Remix albums
2002 albums
Don't Disturb This Groove (album)

Don't Disturb This Groove is the fourth studio album recorded by American R&B/electropop band The System. Released by Atlantic Records in 1987, the album became a highlight of The System's career, as it has been the most commercially successful album, surpassing their hugely successful debut, Sweat.  It reached No. 62 on the Billboard 200 and No. 1 on the R&B Albums chart. The album was produced by its band members, David Frank and Mic Murphy.

Successful singles from this album include the band's first (and to date, only) top 10 hit on the pop charts with the contemporary R&B ballad title track, "Don't Disturb This Groove" and urban hit "Nighttime Lover".

Doug E. Fresh is featured on the track "House of Rhythm".

Track listing 
All songs written by David Frank & Mic Murphy, except "Come as You Are (Superstar)" written by Frank, Murphy, and Paul Pesco.

Personnel
Audrey Wheeler, Dolette McDonald, Fonzi Thornton, Michelle Cobbs, Phillip Ballou – backing vocals
Omar Hakim – drums on "Save Me"
Ira Siegel, Steve Stevens – electric guitar
Paul Pesco  – electric guitar
Jimmy Maelen – percussion
Mic Murphy – producer, electric guitar on "Modern Girl," lead vocals, backing vocals
David Frank – producer, keyboards, drums
Andy Snitzer – saxophone
Doug E. Fresh – Human Beat Box Rappin' on "House of Rhythm"
B.J. Nelson – solo vocals on "Don't Disturb this Groove" and "Didn't I Blow Your Mind," backing vocals
Howard Jones - solo vocals on "Didn't I Blow Your Mind," backing vocals
New West Horns - Horns

Chart positions

References 

1987 albums
MacBook (Retina)

The MacBook Retina is a laptop computer made by Apple Inc.. It was introduced in March 2015. It was released on April 4, 2015.

Design 
The MacBook Retina is designed to be thin. It is 13.1 mm at its thickest point. It has an Intel Core M processor, which is designed for computers like this and does not need a fan or something else to cool it. It has a 12-inch 2304x1440 "Retina Display", a keyboard, and a trackpad that is able to do different things if you put more pressure on it. It has a different battery than in other Apple devices because it is so thin. It has one USB "Type C" port, and a headphone jack.

References 

MacBook
Don Young

Donald Edwin "Don" Young (born June 9, 1933) is an American politician. He is a member of the Republican Party who has served as the U.S. Representative for  since March 1973.

Young became Dean of the United States House of Representatives on December 5, 2017 after the resignation of John Conyers of Michigan.

References

Other websites
 Congressman Don Young official U.S. House site
 Don Young for Congress
 
 
 
 , House Natural Resources Committee, Nov 18, 2011

1933 births
Living people
Episcopalians
Deans of the United States House of Representatives
United States representatives from Alaska
US Republican Party politicians
20th-century American politicians
21st-century American politicians
Dan Sullivan

Daniel Scott "Dan" Sullivan (born November 13, 1964) is an American politician. He is a member of the Republican Party. He became the junior United States Senator from Alaska in January 2015.

References

Other websites
  Senator Dan Sullivan  official U.S. Senate site
 Dan Sullivan for Senate
 
 
 

1964 births
Living people
American Roman Catholics
Colonels
Harvard University alumni
Military people from Ohio
Businesspeople from Alaska
Businesspeople from Ohio
Politicians from Ohio
United States senators from Alaska
US Republican Party politicians
Don't Disturb This Groove (song)

Don't Disturb This Groove is a song by American synthpop/R&B duo The System. It is from the 1987 album of the same name. The song was written by The System's David Frank and Mic Murphy. It was released as the album's first single. 

In May 1987, the song reached number one on the Billboard R&B Singles chart, spending one week on top. It was later a hit on the pop chart during the summer of 1987. It peaked at number four on the Hot 100 chart in July. The song officially became the number one song of the summer of 1987.

References 

Synth-pop
R&B music
Administrative law

Administrative law (also called  regulatory law) covers a wide range of procedures by administrative agencies. These agencies include city, county, state or federal government bodies. They may be called commissions, departments, divisions or boards.  

Each may have its own rules and regulations which are usually not found in statutes. These are based on laws passed by a government. Agencies also have the power to enforce these rules and regulations.

United States 
Congress or state legislatures pass laws, sometimes on complicated issues. The details of how these laws are to be enforced is left to administrative agencies. For example, a government agency, the Social Security Administration (SSA) was created August 14, 1935 by an act of Congress. They were given the authority to administer Social Security benefits and disability laws. They have passed a body of rules and regulations that determine how benefits will be handled.

European Union 
The rules created by the European Union are carried out by an ad hoc collection of agencies. These rules may be for a particular treaty or for things such as trade policy. These agencies evolve on a policy-by-policy basis.

References 

Law
Blood pheasant

The blood pheasant (Ithaginis cruentus) is a small, short-tailed pheasant. It fairly common in the eastern Himalayas. Its range is across the northern parts of India, Nepal, Bhutan and China. The total number of birds is slowly decreasing. For this reason the species has been evaluated as Least Concern by IUCN in 2009. It is the national bird of the former kingdom of Sikkim. The blood pheasant is the only species in the genus Ithaginis of the pheasant family.

Habitat
Blood pheasants like to live in coniferous or mixed forests and scrub areas near the snowline. They move their range depending on the seasons. They are found at higher elevations during the summer.

References

Birds of Asia
Phasianidae
Mal Whitfield

Malvin Greston Whitfield (October 11, 1924 – November 18, 2015) was an American former athlete and goodwill ambassador. He was the Olympic champion in the 800 metres at the 1948 and 1952 Summer Olympics. Overall, he is a five-time Olympic medalist (three gold, one silver, one bronze).

Whitfield was born in Bay City, Texas. He moved at age 4 to Watts, Los Angeles. He joined the United States Army Air Forces in 1943 as a member of the Tuskegee Airmen. After World War II he remained in the military, but also enrolled at the Ohio State University. He served inn the Korean War. Whitfield died under hospice care in Washington, D.C. on the night of November 18, 2015 from heart failure, aged 91.

References

Other websites
 Mal Whitfield's profile at Sports Reference.com 

1924 births
2015 deaths
Deaths from heart failure
African-American track and field athletes
Ambassadors of the United States
American military personnel of the Korean War
American military personnel of World War II
American Olympic bronze medalists
American Olympic gold medalists
American Olympic silver medalists
Medalists at the 1948 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 1952 Summer Olympics
Military people from California
Military people from Texas
Sportspeople from Los Angeles
Sportspeople from Texas
Abdelhamid Abaaoud

Abdelhamid Abaaoud (8 April 1987 – 18 November 2015) was a Belgian Islamic terrorist. He spent his early years in a nicer household, went to a private college and decided to join ISIS After his family advised against his decision. After which His Family disowned him stating that they hope That He was dead .He was suspected of having organized multiple terror attacks in Belgium and France, including the November 2015 Paris attacks. He also went by the names Abou Omar Soussi (, meaning "from Sous", his Moroccan family's place of origin) and Abou Omar el-Beljiki (, meaning Abou Omar the Belgian).

On 18 November French authorities conducted a raid which ended in the injury of five police officers, two deaths and five arrests. The raid took place in the suburb of Saint-Denis, near Paris, and targeted Abaaoud. Abaaoud was one of those who died in the raid.

References

1987 births
2015 deaths

People from Brussels-Capital Region
Islamic State people
Kidnappers
People shot dead by law enforcement officers
Robbers
Thieves
Battery (crime)

Battery is the intentional and offensive or harmful contact with another person. The exact definition varies by jurisdiction. In criminal law the elements of battery are physical contact that causes harm or offensive contact without that person's consent. Battery is often confused with assault which is threatening battery. Battery is when the threat (assault) is carried out and the person is harmed in some way. Criminal battery and civil battery may be the same or differ slightly depending on jurisdiction. In many cases the act of battery can result in both criminal and civil liability.

Civil vs Criminal battery 
Civil battery is a tort. It is a wrong committed against another person that results in damage. It is also called an intentional tort. In most cases they are the result of negligence, caused by carelessness or recklessness. The person on whom the battery was committed, the victim, may bring a lawsuit in court to collect monetary damages. 

Criminal battery is the result of breaking a law regarding harming another person. Criminal cases are prosecuted by the state. There are four elements to criminal battery:
 Touching which is harmful or offensive.
 Contact was to the victim's person.
 Intent, that the act was deliberate.
 Causation, that something happened as a result of the act. 
If all four elements can be proved, a prima facie case exists to go ahead and prosecute the offender.

In most cases the civil lawsuit follows a criminal trial. A person found not-guilty in a criminal trial does not prevent the victim from filing a civil suit. The burden of proof is usually lower in a civil court than in a criminal court.

Aggravated battery vs simple battery 
When a court refers to 'battery', what is usually meant is simple battery. Simple battery is more often a misdemeanor. The elements of simple battery include:
 The use of force that is unauthorized or unlawful.
 Battery to the person of another.
 There is a physical injury or touching in an offensive manner.

Aggravated battery is more serious than simple battery. In most jurisdictions aggravated battery is a felony.  What defines aggravated battery can vary, but most often in includes:
 The use of a deadly weapon. 
 Cases where the result is serious bodily injury.
 The battery involves a hate crime
 Battery is committed against a vulnerable person: a child, an elderly person, or a pregnant woman.
 Battery committed against police officer is it usually considered aggravated battery.

References 

Law
Legal terms
Salatyn Asgarova

Salatyn Aziz qizi Asgarova (; ; 16 December 1961 – 9 January 1991) is a National Hero of Azerbaijan. She was one of the Azerbaijani journalists killed in the Nagorno-Karabakh War.

Legacy
A Baku street and a ship in the Caspian Sea are named after her.

A monument in her memory was erected at Tafakkur University in Baku.

She was given the National Hero title after her death. Salatyn was buried in the Martyrs' Lane in Baku.

References

1961 births
1991 deaths
Journalists
National Hero of Azerbaijan
Murders by firearm
Shadi Sadr

Shadi Sadr (; born 1974) is an Iranian human rights lawyer, journalist, and activist for women's rights.  In 2010 Sadr received the International Women of Courage Award.

Life 

Shadi Sadr was born in Tehran, Iran in 1974. She studied law, and she received a master's degree in international law from Tehran University in 1999. In 2009, Sadr went to live in Germany.

Work 

Sadr is an expert on women's legal rights in Iran. She was director of Raahi, a legal advice center for women.  It is now closed.  Sadr also started Women in Iran, a website about women's rights in Iran.  As a lawyer, she defended several women activists and journalists in court, after they were sentenced to death.

Sadr worked to stop capital punishment by stoning, especially of women.  The name of this project was End Stoning Forever. This project was started by Women's Field, a women's rights group. 

After the Bam earthquake in 2003, Sadr helped collect food and supplies for women and children in the area.

Sadr was the defense lawyer for Shiva Nazar Ahari, a human rights activist and member of the Committee of Human Rights Reporters.  Nazar Ahari was arrested on 14 June 2009. and is believed to be in Evin Prison.

First arrest 

In March 2007, the Iranian government arrested 33 women, including Shadi Sadr.  The women were protesting against the trial of five women who demonstrated for women's rights in the One Million Signatures protest of 12 June 2006. Sadr was in jail for fifteen days.  Then she was freed on bail with Mahbubeh Abbasgholizadeh.

Second arrest 

On 17 July 2009, Shadi Sadr was arrested again.  She was going to Friday prayers with other female activists. Some military men in civilian clothes stopped her.  They did not say who they were.  They beat her and put her in a car. She got away, but they got her again and put her in the car again.  Then they took her somewhere, although she did not know where they took her, she was later able to call her husband. She was released 11 days later on July 28, 2009.

Awards 

In 2004, Sadr received the Ida B. Wells Award for Bravery in Journalism from Women's eNews 21 Leaders for the 21st Century.
In 2009, she received the Lech Walesa Prize for human rights, freedom of expression, and democracy in Iran from the Lech Walesa Institute Foundation.

She received a Dutch human rights prize, the Human Rights Defenders Tulip, on November 9, 2009.

In 2010 she received the International Women of Courage Award from the United States Department of State.

References

Other websites

 Women's Field
 Interview with Shadi Sadr: Collecting Evidence for Crimes against Humanity 
 2010 International Women of Courage Awards, U.S. State Department photostream on Flickr 
Secretary's International Women of Courage Award (U.S. Department of State)

Women who received the International Women of Courage Award
1974 births
Living people
Human rights activists
Lawyers
Iranian journalists
BBC 100 Women
Neurosecretion

Neurosecretion is when nerve cells make, store and release hormones. 

The hormonal system of the body is almost entirely controlled by the central nervous system. It normally does this by sending nerve impulses down axons to a gland. However, some special nerve cells can make hormones themselves, and deliver them to glands which act as storage organs. The neurons of the neuroendocrine system are large; they are mini factories for producing secretory products. These cells are called neurosecretory cells, and they make neurohormones.

Most neurohormones are secreted from nerve cells in the hypothalamus of the brain which (either immediately, or after storage) circulate in the blood. They are similar to normal endocrine cells and glands because they regulate both endocrine and nonendocrine cells. 

There are also neuroendocrine cells in the adrenal glands, which are just above the kidneys. They are called chromaffin cells, and they release epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline).

References 

Neuroendocrinology
Ironclad warship

An ironclad is a ship protected by iron or steel armor plates. The first recorded use of an ironclad was during the Japanese invasion of Korea. Western use of ironclads began about the second half of the 19th century. The Western ironclad  was developed because up to then wooden warships were easily damaged by explosive or incendiary shells.

History 
In 1592 Admiral Yi-Sun put armor plates on his "tortoise-ships". These protected the sides and top from bullets, arrows and fire. This allowed his small fleet to be victorious in several battles with the ese fleet. The first Western ironclad battleship, "Gloire", was launched by the French Navy in November 1859. The British Admiralty had been considering armored warships since 1856. They prepared a draft design for an armored corvette in 1857. In early 1859 the Royal Navy started building two iron-hulled armored frigates, and by 1861 had made the decision to move to an all-armored battle fleet. After the first clashes of ironclads (both with wooden ships and with one another) took place in 1862 during the American Civil War. It became clear that the ironclad had replaced the unarmored ship of the line as the most powerful warship afloat. This type of ship would come to be very successful in the American Civil War.

By the 1870s, ironclads were the main warships of the world's most powerful Navies. But the ironclad era only lasted about 50 years. By the 1890s most sailing ironclads had been replaced by modern battleships.

References 

Warships
Noble orchid

The Noble Orchid (Cymbidium goeringii) is a cold hardy evergreen Orchid. It is a dwarf plant that blooms in the spring. Its petals are green, yellow-green or brown. It has pseudobulbs found below ground. The leaves are long and grass-like with serrated edges. It is found growing as far north as Okushiri Island (42 degrees north latitude). It can stand freezing temperatures over the winter months. It has been grown in China for over 2500 years, dating back before the time of Confucius. In Japan it has been cultivated for several hundred years. In Europe the earliest records date it to 1780.

References 

Orchids
Ahmad

Ahmad, also spelt Ahmed and Ahmet, is an Arabic word meaning "highly praised". The spelings are Ahmad, Ahmet and Ahmed. It is used in Arabic countries like Somalia, Djibouti, Algeria, and Saudi Arabia.

Arabic words and phrases
Given names
Fred Tatasciore

Fred Tatasciore (born June 13, 1968) is an American voice actor who has done many voice works in various films, shows and video games.

Filmography

Animation

Anime

Films

Video games

Theme park roles
 Space Mountain – Safety Narrator
 Expedition Everest – Yeti
 Star Tours: The Adventures Continue – Gungan Pilot

References

Other websites

1967 births
Living people
Actors from New York City
American stand-up comedians
American voice actors
Comedians from New York City
Beata Szydło

Beata Maria Szydło (*15th April 1963 in Oświęcim, Poland) - is a Polish politician, deputy of Parliament of Poland since 2005. She became Prime Minister of Poland on 16 November 2015. She's a member of Prawo i Sprawiedliwość (Law and Justice). She left the Prime Minister office on 11 December 2017 and was replaced by Mateusz Morawiecki.

Education 
In 1987 Szydło finished studies in ethnography at The Jagiellonian University in Kraków. From 1989 until 1995 she was a PhD student. In 1997 she finished postgraduate studies for managers of culture at Warsaw School of Economics. In 2001 she finished Cracow University of Economics - management of local government in the European Union.

In 2004 she participated in the International Visitor Leadership Program.

Political activity until 2015 
In 1998 she became mayor of community Gmina Brzeszcze. In 2005 she joined Prawo i Sprawiedliwość (Law and Justice) and she was elected the deputy of Polish parliament. She renewed parliamentary mandate in 2007.

In the 2011 parliamentary election Szydło remained the position of deputy. She received 43 612 votes. She renewed mandate in 2015. She was designated as the candidate for Prime Minister of Poland.

Prime Minister of Poland 
On 13 November 2015, the President of Poland Andrzej Duda nominated Szydło for Prime Minister of Poland. On 16 November she was established for the position. On 18 November her government received a vote of confidence and she delivered an exposé. In December 2017, she was replaced by Mateusz Morawiecki as Prime Minister.

References

1963 births
Living people
Prime Ministers of Poland
Polish Roman Catholics
Mayors
Codification (law)

In law, codification is the process of collecting and restating the law of a jurisdiction. They are listed, usually by subject, forming a legal code (a codex  or book of law). Codification is the defining feature of civil law jurisdictions.

History
Ancient Sumer's Code of Ur-Nammu was compiled  2100-2050 BC. It is the earliest known surviving civil code. Three centuries later, the Babylonian king Hammurabi enacted the set of laws named after him.

Religious laws such as the Torah were codified. Important codifications were developed in the ancient Roman Empire, with the compilations of the Lex Duodecim Tabularum. Much later the Corpus Iuris Civilis was assembled. These codified laws were the exceptions rather than the rule. During much of ancient history the Roman laws were left mostly uncodified.

The first permanent system of codified laws could be found in China. This was with the compilation of the Tang Code in AD 624. This formed the basis of the Chinese criminal code. This was then replaced by the Great Qing Legal Code. This code was in turn abolished in 1912 following the Xinhai Revolution and the establishment of the Republic of China. The new laws of the Republic of China were inspired by the German codified work, the Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch. A very influential example in Europe was the French Napoleonic code of 1804.

Another early system of laws is Hindu law framed by Manu and called as Manu Smriti. They date back to the 2nd century BC. The use of civil codes in Islamic Sharia law began with the Ottoman Empire in the 16th century AD.

References

Legal terms
International law
Armand (singer)

Herman George van Loenhout (10 April 1946 – 19 November 2015), better known as Armand, was a Dutch protest singer. He was born in Eindhoven. His greatest hit song was "Ben ik te min" ("Am I not worthy?"). He mostly sang songs about legalizing marijuana in The Netherlands.

Armand died in Eindhoven of pneumonia at the age of 69.

References

1946 births
2015 deaths
Deaths from pneumonia
Activists
Dutch singers
People from Eindhoven
Kitanoumi Toshimitsu

Kitanoumi Toshimitsu (北の湖敏満 Obata Toshimitsu; May 16, 1953 – November 20, 2015) was a Japanese sumo wrestler. He was the dominant yokozuna in sumo during the 1970s. Kitanoumi was promoted to yokozuna at age 21, becoming the youngest ever to achieve sumo's top rank, and he remained a yokozuna for a record 63 tournaments.  

He won 24 tournament championships during his career. Following his retirement in 1985 he established Kitanoumi stable. He was chairman of the Japan Sumo Association from 2002 until 2008, and from 2012 until his death. 

Kitanoumi died of multiple organ failure caused by colorectal cancer on the evening of November 20, 2015, aged 62. He was in Fukuoka for the Kyushu tournament and was taken to hospital for anemia in the morning, after which his condition deteriorated.

References

Other websites

 Japan Sumo Association profile 
 Article on Kitanoumi

1953 births
2015 deaths
Japanese sumo wrestlers
Sportspeople from Hokkaido
Deaths from multiple organ failure
Deaths from colorectal cancer
Keith Michell

Keith Michell (1 December 1926 – 20 November 2015) was an Australian actor. He was best known for his television and movie roles as King Henry VIII of England. He was born in Adelaide, South Australia, Australia. Michell made appearances on the mystery series Murder, She Wrote, playing Dennis Stanton.  He was the artistic director of the Chichester Festival Theatre from 1974 to 1977.

Michell died on 20 November 2015 in London, England of a heart attack, aged 88.

References

Other websites

1926 births
2015 deaths
Actors from Adelaide
Australian stage actors
Australian television actors
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Allen E. Ertel

Allen Edward Ertel (November 7, 1936 – November 19, 2015) was an American politician. He was a member of the Democratic Party. He was born in Williamsport, Pennsylvania. He was a former member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania serving from January 3, 1977 through January 3, 1983. He lost re-election to Republican George Gekas in an upset election.

Ertel died from a heart attack in Williamsport, Pennsylvania, aged 79.

References

Other websites

1936 births
2015 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
United States representatives from Pennsylvania
US Democratic Party politicians
A Head Full of Dreams

A Head Full of Dreams is the seventh hit studio album by rock-pop band Coldplay. Coldplay recorded A Head Full of Dreams from summer 2014 to autumn 2015. The single "Adventure of a Lifetime" is featured in the album. The album was released on December 4, 2015.

Track listings

Original track list for A Head Full of Dreams 
 "A Head Full of Dreams"
 "Birds"
 "Hymn for the Weekend"
 "Everglow"
 "Adventure of a Lifetime"
 "Fun" 
 "Kaleidoscope"
 "Army of One"
 "X Marks the Spot" (Hidden track)
 "Amazing Day"
 "Colour Spectrum" 
 "Up&Up"

Japanese Version bonus track 
 "Miracles" 

Coldplay albums
2015 albums
John Langdon

John Langdon (June 26, 1741September 18, 1819) was an American politician. He was one of the Founding Fathers of the United States. He served as a delegate to the Constitutional Convention signed the United States Constitution.

He was a politician born in Portsmouth, New Hampshire. He was one of the first two United States senators from that state. Langdon was an early supporter of the Revolutionary War and served in the Continental Congress.

After being in Congress for 12 years, including serving as the first president pro tempore of the Senate. Langdon became governor of New Hampshire. He turned down a nomination for vice presidential candidate in 1812.

Langdon died in Portsmouth, New Hampshire from pneumonia at the age of 78.

Other websites
 Governor John Langdon House, Historic New England 
 
 "The Founding Fathers: New Hampshire." U.S. National Archives and Records Administration. 
 
 State Builders: An Illustrated Historical and Biographical Record of the State of New Hampshire. State Builers Publishing Manchester, NH 1903
 Mayo, Lawrence Shaw. John Langdon of New Hampshire. Port Washington, New York: Kennikat Press, 1937.

1741 births
1819 deaths
American Calvinists
Congregationalists
Deaths from pneumonia
Governors of New Hampshire
People from Portsmouth, New Hampshire
Presidents pro tempore of the United States Senate
United States senators from New Hampshire
Balakh Sher Mazari

Sardar Mir Balakh Sher Mazari () (born 8 July 1928) is a Pakistani politician. He served as the Prime Minister of Pakistan from 18 April 1993 through 26 May 1993. He replaced Nawaz Sharif.

References

1928 births
Living people
Prime Ministers of Pakistan
Ameen Faheem

Makhdoom Muhammad Ameen Faheem (; alt. spelling: Amin Fahim; 4 August 1939 – 21 November 2015), was an Indian-born Pakistani populist left-wing figure and a poet. He was the senior vice-chairman of Pakistan Peoples Party. He was also the chairman of Pakistan People's Party Parliamentarians and former chairman of Alliance for Restoration of Democracy. He served as the Commerce Minister of Pakistan serving from 3 November 2008 through 16 March 2013.

Faheem died on 21 November 2015 from leukemia after being admitted to a hospital in Karachi, Pakistan under ICU at the age of 76.

References 

1939 births
2015 deaths
Deaths from leukemia
Indian politicians
Pakistani politicians
Civil servants
Tamarillo

Tamarillo is a shrub or tree in the flowering species Solanaceae. It bears an egg-shaped edible fruit, also called a tamarillo. The fruit is about 4-10 centimeters long. The taste is similar to that of a tomato, but with less sweet and more of a salty flavour.

The tamarillo is native to the Andes of Ecuador, Colombia, Peru, Chile,  and Bolivia.

Solanaceae
French national volleyball team

The France national men's volleyball team is the national volleyball team of France. It represents France in international competitions and friendly matches. It has been the reigning European Champion since 2015. It is ranked 10th (as of August 2016) in the FIVB World Ranking after playing in the 2016 Rio Olympics.

Results

Olympic Games
 Champions   Runners up   Third place   Fourth place

World Championship

European Championship
 Champions   Runners up   Third place   Fourth place

World League

 Champions   Runners up   Third place   Fourth place

Nations League
 Champions   Runners up   Third place   Fourth place

World Grand Champions Cup

Team

Current squad
The following is the French roster in the 2019 Men's Nations League.

Head coach: Laurent Tillie

Coach history
 1938–1946 :  Plaswick
 1946–1947 :  René Verdier

 1947–1965 :  Marcel Mathor
 1965-1965 :  Nagasaki
 1965–1968 :  Nicolae Sotir
 1968–1970 :  Georges Derose
 1970–1979 :  Roger Schmitt
 1979–1983 :  Jean-Marc Buchel
 1983-1983 :  Georges Komatov
 1983–1984 :  Éric Daniel
 1984–1985 :  Jean-Marc Buchel
 1985–1988 :  Éric Daniel
 1988–1992 :  Gérard Castan 
 1993–1994 :  Jean-Marie Fabiani
 1994–1995 :  Jean-Michel Roche
 1995-1995 :  Gérard Castan
 1995–1999 :  Vladimir Kondra
 1999–2000 :  Pierre Laborie
 2001–2012 :  Philippe Blain
 2012– :  Laurent Tillie

Record Attendance

 Last updated table : December 2012.

References

Other websites

Official website
FIVB profile

National volleyball teams
Sport in France
Great Wall

The Great Walls are the largest known structures in the universe. They are based on  data set mapping of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). The mapping found an unusually high concentration of similarly distanced GRBs in certain areas.

Structures larger than  1,200,000,000 light years are incompatible with the cosmological principle according to all estimates.

References 

Lists
Cosmology
Cosmological principle

In modern physical cosmology, the cosmological principle is a prediction based on the idea that the universe is about the same in all places when viewed on a large scale.

Forces are expected to act uniformly throughout the universe. There should, therefore, be no observable irregularities in the large scale structure. The structure is the result of the evolution of the matter field after the Big Bang.

Astronomer William Keel explains:

The cosmological principle is usually stated formally as 'Viewed on a sufficiently large scale, the properties of the universe are the same for all observers.' This amounts to the strongly philosophical statement that the part of the universe which we can see is a fair sample, and that the same physical laws apply throughout.

The two testable consequences of the cosmological principle are homogeneity and isotropy. Homogeneity means that the same observational evidence is available to observers at different locations in the universe ("the part of the universe which we can see is a fair sample"). Isotropy means that the same observational evidence is available by looking in any direction in the universe ("the same physical laws apply throughout"). The principles are closely related, because a universe that appears isotropic from any two (for a spherical geometry, three) locations must also be homogeneous.

References 

Cosmology
Innervisions

Innervisions is the sixteenth studio album by American musician Stevie Wonder. It was released August 3, 1973 by Tamla. Wonder would release his next album Fulfillingness' First Finale the following year. All of the songs on Innverisions were written by Wonder.

Reviews

Innervisions received positive reviews from music critics.

Track listing
All songs written, produced, and arranged by Stevie Wonder.

Side one
"Too High" – 4:36
Stevie Wonder – lead vocal, Fender Rhodes, harmonica, drums, Moog bass
Lani Groves – background vocal
Tasha Thomas – background vocal
Jim Gilstrap – background vocal
"Visions" – 5:23
Stevie Wonder – lead vocal, Fender Rhodes
Malcolm Cecil – upright bass
Dean Parks – acoustic guitar
David T. Walker – electric guitar
"Living for the City" – 7:22
Stevie Wonder – lead vocal, background vocals, Fender Rhodes, drums, Moog bass, T.O.N.T.O. synthesizer, handclaps
"Golden Lady" – 4:40
Stevie Wonder – lead vocal, piano, drums, Moog bass, T.O.N.T.O. synthesizer
Clarence Bell – Hammond organ
Ralph Hammer – acoustic guitar
Larry "Nastyee" Latimer – congas

Side two
"Higher Ground" – 3:42
Stevie Wonder – lead vocal, Hohner clavinet, drums, Moog bass
"Jesus Children of America" – 4:10
Stevie Wonder – lead vocal, background vocal, Fender rhodes, Hohner clavinet, handclaps, drums, Moog bass
"All in Love Is Fair" – 3:41
Stevie Wonder – lead vocal, piano, Fender Rhodes, drums
Scott Edwards – electric bass
"Don't You Worry 'bout a Thing" – 4:44
Stevie Wonder – lead vocal, background vocal, piano, drums, Moog bass
Yusuf Roahman – shaker
Sheila Wilkerson – bongos, Latin gourd
"He's Misstra Know-It-All" – 5:35
Stevie Wonder – lead vocal, background vocal, piano, drums, handclaps, T.O.N.T.O. synthesizer, congas
Willie Weeks – electric bass

References

1973 albums
R&B albums
Soul albums
Funk albums
Lube Volleyball Club

Cucine Lube Civitanova is a professional volleyball team based in Civitanova Marche, Italy. Since 1995, the club has been playing in Serie A of Italian Volleyball League. Club won Italian Championship three times, Italian Cup four-times, Italian SuperCup three-times, CEV Champions League in 2002, 2019, CEV Cup in 2002, 2005, 2006, CEV Challenge Cup 2011 and FIVB Men's Club World Volleyball Championship in 2019.

Honours
 Italian Volleyball League (5)
  1. place: 2005/2006, 2011/2012, 2013/2014, 2016/2017, 2018/2019
  Italian Volleyball Cup (5)
  1. place: 2000/2001, 2002/2003, 2007/2008, 2008/2009, 2016/2017
  Italian SuperCup (4)
  1. place: 2005/2006, 2007/2008, 2011/2012, 2014/2015
 CEV Champions League (2)
  1. place: 2001/2002, 2018-2019
 FIVB Club World Championship (1)
  1. place: 2019
 CEV Cup (3)
  1. place: 2000/2001, 2004/2005, 2005/2006
 CEV Challenge Cup (1)
  1. place: 2010/2011

Former names

Team

2015/2016

Notable players

Other websites
 Official site

Volleyball clubs
1990 establishments in Europe
1990s establishments in Italy
Sport in Italy
25 (Adele album)

25 is the third studio album by English singer-songwriter Adele. It was released on November 20, 2015.  There are eleven tracks on the album.  The lead single from the album, "Hello", was released on October 23, 2015. It reached number one in the UK, US, Canada, and Australia. It was number one across Europe including Germany, France, Russia and Italy. It hit number ten in Japan. 25 marks Adele's return to music after her recording of the Bond theme "Skyfall" in 2012, along with the birth of her son Angelo that year.  She has worked with producers who have worked with Pink, Kelly Clarkson, Britney Spears, and Taylor Swift.  She also worked with Bruno Mars on the song "All I Ask".  Five other songs charted from the album on the Billboard Hot 100, even though they were not released as singles at the time.  They were "Send My Love (To Your New Lover)", "When We Were Young", "Remedy", "All I Ask", and "Water Under the Bridge".

25 has officially broken the record for the most albums sold in a week in the US by selling 3.38 million copies.  It has gone on to sell over 4 million copies in the US alone after only two weeks of release.  The album has been certified Diamond in the United States for sales and streams of more than 10 million copies in that country alone.  The album was not made available on streaming sites such as Spotify and Apple Music.  On November 20, 2016, a year after 25 was released, Billboard reported that the album sold over 9.1 million copies in the US alone, not including any streams of the album.

Adele has stated that 25 was a "make-up record," compared to her previous album, 21, being a "breakup record."  The song "Sweetest Devotion" was written about her son Angelo, who was born in October 2012.

On December 14, 2015, Billboard said that "When We Were Young" has been chosen as the second single from 25. When this was announced, the song had charted as high as number 22 on the Billboard Hot 100 and reached number 14. It has been certified Platinum in the United States.

The third single, "Send My Love (To Your New Lover)", was released on May 16, 2016.  The music video premiered at the 2016 Billboard Music Awards on May 22, where 25 won the award for Top Billboard 200 Album.  "Send My Love" reached number eight on the Billboard Hot 100 in the US and the top five in the UK.  It was certified Platinum in the United States.

The fourth single, "Water Under the Bridge", was released on November 4, 2016.  So far, it reached number 51 on the Billboard Hot 100.

25 won two awards at the 59th Annual Grammy Awards in 2017 for Best Pop Vocal Album and Album of the Year.

Awards 
2017 — 59th Annual Grammy Awards
 Album of the Year — Won
 Best Pop Vocal Album — Won

Track listing

Credits and personnel 
Vocals - Adele

References 

2015 albums
Adele albums
Pop albums
Soul albums
R&B albums