cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Gertrude Bell

Gertrude Margaret Lowthian Bell CBE (14 July 1868 – 12 July 1926) was a British archaeologist, traveller, and diplomat.

She explored and mapped countries in the Middle East. She influenced British imperial policy-making with her knowledge and contacts. Bell travelled mainly in Greater Syria, Mesopotamia, Asia Minor, and Arabia.

Early life 
Gertrude's father was Hugh Bell (later Sir Hugh Bell, 2nd Baronet). Gertrude Bell was the oldest of her father's five children, and his only daughter. Gertrude's mother was Bell's first wife, Mary. Theirs was a rich family. Hugh Bell worked in the iron industry, and his own father had been the industrialist Sir Isaac Lowthian Bell, 1st Baronet.

Gertrude Bell grew up at Red Barns, her father's house near Redcar in County Durham. Gertrude's mother Mary Bell died in 1871, after she gave birth to her son Maurice. Mary's death made Gertrude unhappy but also made her more independent. She had a close connection with her father. He married Gertrude's step-mother Florence Olliffe in 1876, and together they had Gertrude's three step-siblings: Hugh Lowthian; Florence Elsa; and Mary Katharine. Gertrude was very good at all kinds of things: she was good at sport, she was good at school, and she was funny and clever in conversation. Her school was Queen's College, London. In April 1886, Bell started studying at Lady Margaret Hall (a college of the University of Oxford). She studied for seven hours every day and did all kinds of sports. She was friends with Janet E. Courtney (then Janet Hogarth) and Edith Langridge. Bell graduated in 1888, with a first-class bachelor's degree in Modern History. After this she went on a tour of Europe.

Bell was in Bucharest in 1888 and 1889, where she lived with Frank Lascelles: he was the brother-in-law of Bell's stepmother Florence. Lascelles was the British diplomatic representative in the Kingdom of Romania. There Bell met Valentine Chirol, the journalist for The Times in the area. Through Chirol, Bell met Charles Hardinge and started to learn about diplomacy between the Great Powers. Bell returned to Britain in 1899, after first going to Constantinople. For three years she did charity work and was part of the London "season" in the summers.

References 

 Gertrude Bell (1919) [1907]. The desert and the sown: travels in Palestine and Syria. London: Heinemann.

English writers
Orchard Island, Ohio

Orchard Island is an unincorporated community and tourist area located in Washington and Stokes townships, Logan County, Ohio, United States. Orchard Island is part of an island chain which includes the southeastern shore of Indian Lake, north of Russells Point. Orchard Island is the largest of the nearby islands. These include Wolfe, Fox, Willow Bank, and Crystal Beach.

References 

Unincorporated communities in Ohio
Ernen

Ernen (Walliser German: Ärne, ) is a municipality in the district of Goms in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.

On 1 January 2005 the former municipalities of Ausserbinn, Ernen, Mühlebach and Steinhaus merged into the municipality of Ernen.

In 1997, Ernen was awarded the Wakker Prize for the preservation of its architectural heritage.

References

Other websites

 Official website 

Municipalities of Valais
Theory of mind

Theory of mind is the ability to understand that other people have their own minds with their personal state of knowledge, their personal beliefs, wishes and intentions, and that these may differ from one's own mind. Autistic people typically show an impaired ability to recognize other people's minds. Therefore they experience difficulties with explaining and predicting other people’s behaviour. This leads to problems in social communication and interaction. Children on the autistic spectrum usually develop the theory of mind more slowly than other children. They have difficulties with it throughout their lives. However, autistic people's performance on theory of mind tasks varies.

For testing whether someone lacks the theory of mind, the Sally-Anne test is performed. The child sees the following story: Sally and Anne are playing. Sally puts her ball into a basket and leaves the room. While Sally is gone, Anne moves the ball from the basket to the box. Now Sally returns. The question is: where will Sally look for her ball? The test is passed, if the child correctly assumes that Sally will look in the basket. The test is failed if the child thinks that Sally will look in the box. Children below the age of four as well as older autistic children typically fail this test.

References 

Science
Fiesch

Fiesch is a municipality in the district Goms in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.

Nearby Fiescheralp is administered by Fiesch and is accessible by the Eggishorn lift.

It has been designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site for its view of the Jungfrau-Aletsch Protected Area.

References

Other websites

 Official Website 

Municipalities of Valais
Fieschertal

Fieschertal is a village and municipality in the district of Goms in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

 Official Website 

Villages in Valais
Municipalities of Valais
Grafschaft

Grafschaft is a former municipality of the district Goms in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.

On 1 January 2001 the former municipalities of Biel, Ritzingen and Selkingen merged into the municipality of Grafschaft and On 1 January 2017 the former municipalities of Grafschaft, Blitzingen, Münster-Geschinen, Niederwald and Reckingen-Gluringen merged into the new municipality of Goms.

Other websites

 Official Website 

Former municipalities of Valais
Lax, Switzerland

Lax is a municipality of the district of Goms in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

 

Municipalities of Valais
Niederwald, Switzerland

Niederwald was a municipality, in the new municipality of Goms and the district of Goms in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.

Other websites

 Official Website 

Former municipalities of Valais
Curicó Province

Curicó Province () is one of four provinces of the central Chilean region of Maule (VII). Its capital and largest city is Curicó.

Geography
The Curicó province has an area of , the third largest province in the Maule region. The provincial capital, Curicó, is about  south of Santiago.

The province is bordered to the northwest by the Cardenal Caro province (O'Higgins region), to the north by the Colchagua province (O'Higgins region), to the east by Argentina, to the south by the Talca provinces and to the west by the Pacific Ocean.

Population
 (last national census), there were 244,053 people living in the province, giving it a population density of  inhabitants/km². The urban population was 157,876 persons ( of the total).

The largest city of the province is Curicó, its capital, with a population, in 2002, of 93,447.

Administration
As a province, Curicó is a second-level administrative division, consisting of 9 communes (comunas). The city of Curicó serves as the provincial capital. The province is administered by a governor.

Gallery

Related pages
 Provinces of Chile

References

Other websites
 Territorial division of Chile 
 Gobierno Regional del Maule  Official website 
 Province of Curicó website 

Provinces of Chile
My Own Prison

My Own Prison is the first studio album by Creed. The album was released on August 26, 1997 through Wind-up Records. It reached multiple platinum sales.

References

1997 albums
Magnús Scheving

Magnús Örn Eyjólfsson Scheving (born 10 November 1964) is an Icelandic writer, actor, producer, entrepreneur, and athlete. He is the creator, CEO & Co-founder of Lazytown Entertainment, from which he is the creator and co-star of the children's television show LazyTown, in which he starred as Sportacus.

1964 births
Living people
Magnus Scheving
Male athletes
Television actors
Television producers
Institut supérieur international du parfum, de la cosmétique et de l'aromatique alimentaire

Institut supérieur international du parfum, de la cosmétique et de l'aromatique alimentaire (ISIPCA) is a renowned graduate cosmetics school in France. It is in a campus of the Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (Northern France).

Its different curricula lead to the following French & European degrees :
 Bachelor of Science
 Master of Science
 Mastères Spécialisés (MS)
 Massive Online Open Course.

Academic activities and industrial applied research are performed mainly in French and English languages.

Research labs 
Research activities at ISIPCA relate to the following topics:
 Perfume
 Cosmetics
 Flavor

References

Further reading 

 Official website

Technical colleges and universities in France
1970 establishments in France
Versailles
South African Border War

The South African Border War refers to the conflict that took place from 1966 to 1990 primarily in South West Africa (now Namibia) between South Africa on one side and the South-West Africa People's Organisation (SWAPO) and its allies on the other.
 
The roots of the conflict can be traced back to World War I, when South Africa invaded and conquered the colony of German South West Africa on behalf of the British Empire and the other Allies of World War I. In the aftermath of the German defeat, the League of Nations awarded South Africa a mandate to administer the territory until its inhabitants were ready to govern themselves. 

Following World War II, South Africa refused to surrender South West Africa to a proposed United Nations Trusteeship agreement and instead requested the right to annex it as a fifth province. Steps were taken to integrate South-West Africa into South Africa, including giving the local white population the right to elect representatives to the Parliament of South Africa. 

In 1962, SWAPO was formed to resist South African rule and petition for South West African independence. With support from the Soviet Union, SWAPO began training guerrillas and from 1966 onwards frequently clashed with the South African police and army. The war entered a new phase in 1975, when Angola gained independence and its new communist government began providing support to the guerrillas. South African troops launched raids into Angola to destroy SWAPO bases, which led to battles with the Angolan army. Cuba, which had sent troops to bolster the Angolan government, was directly involved in some of these battles. 

In 1988, South Africa, Angola, and Cuba signed a Tripartite Accord committing them to peace. Cuba agreed to withdraw from Angola if South Africa withdrew from South West Africa and granted that territory independence. South-West Africa gained independence as Namibia in early 1990.

References

Wars involving Portugal
Wars involving South Africa
History of Namibia
20th century in Angola
1960s conflicts
1970s conflicts
1980s conflicts
Conflicts in 1990
Lindisfarne Castle

Lindisfarne Castle is a castle on Holy Island, near Berwick-upon-Tweed, Northumberland, England. The island is accessible from the mainland at low tide by means of a causeway. A fort was built here in 1550 during the time of Henry VIII. About 20 years later it was replaced by a stone fortress. It was abandoned in 1893 and afterwards used as a lookout by the Coastguard. In 1903, repair work started to change the fortress into a home by the new owner, Edward Hudson. In 1944, it was donated to the National Trust.

References 

Castles in England
Curicó

Curicó is a Chilean city and commune in the Maule Region, in the Chilean Central Valley. Curicó is the capital city of the province of Curicó.

Curicó means, in Mapudungun, "Land of Black Water".

History
Curicó was founded on 9 October 1743 by José Manso de Velasco when Chile was a Spanish colony with the name San José de Buena Vista.
In 1747, the Governor Juan Manuel de Rosas moved the city about  to the north, where it is now on the foot of the Buena Vista hill (now called "Cerro Condell"), because the original place was too humid.

Curicó got the title of "city" in 1830. The city was destroyed by an earthquake in 1928 and rebuilt during the following year. It  was badly damaged in the earthquake of February 2010.

Population
 (last national census), there were 119,585 people living in the commune, giving it a population density of  inhabitants/km². The urban population was 100,506 persons ( of the total).

The people from Curicó are called Curican (in Spanish: Curicanos for men and Curicanas for women).

Geography

The commune has an area of  and the city proper, .

The city of Curicó is at  south of Santiago and .

The rivers Guaiquillo and Mataquito are the main rivers that flow through the commune. Most of the territory of the commune is within the central plain (Valle Central de Chile). The valley is between low mountains to the west and east.

The commune of Curicó is bordered on the west by Rauco; on the north by Teno; on the east, by Romeral, and on the south, by Molina and Sagrada Familia.

Climate
The Köppen climate classification type for the climate at Curicó is a "dry-summer subtropical climate" (also known as Mediterranean Climate) and of the subtype "Csb".

The average amount of precipitation for the year in Curicó is . The month with the most precipitation on average is July with  of precipitation. The month with the least precipitation on average is January with an average of .

The average temperature for the year in Curicó is . The warmest month, on average, is January with an average temperature of . The coolest month on average is July, with an average temperature of .

Economy
The city's economy is based mainly on agriculture, because the Mediterranean climate creates comparative advantages with markets such as apples, wines, and cherries.

Gallery

Related pages
Communes of Chile
Provinces of Chile

References

Other websites

 Gobierno Regional del Maule  Official website 
 Province of Curicó website 
 Municipality of Curicó  

Cities in Chile
Vasco Mouzinho de Quevedo

Vasco Mouzinho de Quevedo (or Quebedo, 16th/17th century) was a Portuguese poet. Little is known about his personal life. He studied law at the University of Coimbra. He wrote lyrical poems, for example sonnets, but is best known fo his epic works. One of them is Discurso sobre a Vida e Morte de Santa Isabel Rainha de Portugal that was published in Lisbon in 1596. The greatest work by the poet is Afonso Africano, an epic poem in ottava rima (1611).

References

Other websites 
 Fragments of Vasco Mouzinho de Quevedo's poems at Projecto Vercial.

16th-century births
17th-century deaths
Portuguese writers
Lyudmila Pavlichenko

Lyudimila Mykhailivna Pavlichenko (12 July 1916  10 October 1974 was a  Ukrainian Soviet sniper. She shot German soldiers in World War 2. She was one of the top military snipers of all time, and is credited with 309 kills. She was the most successful female sniper in history.

References 

1916 births
1974 deaths
Soviet military personnel of World War II
Ukrainian people
Institut des sciences et techniques des Yvelines

Institut des sciences et techniques des Yvelines (ISTY) is a graduate engineering school in France. It is in a campus of the Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (Northern France).

Its different curricula lead to the following French & European degree :
 Ingénieur ISTY (ISTY Graduate engineer Masters level program)

Academic activities and industrial applied research are performed mainly in French and English languages.

Research labs 
Research activities at ISTY relate to the following topics:
 Computer science
 Mechatronics engineering
 Embedded system

References

Other websites 

 Official website

Technical colleges and universities in France
1992 establishments in Europe
1990s establishments in France
2016 clown sightings

The 2016 clown sightings are reports of people dressed up as evil clowns scaring and stalking passersby, such as near forests and schools. and other clown-related businesses have been affected.

Origins

In 2013, the fad started when a "creepy clown" known as the Wasco Clown started stalking people and causing terror in the entire town since around September or October 2013.

Maine 
A clown was in Orono standing in a neighborhood for 15 minutes. Other towns reported seeing clowns.

References

Clown sightings
Clowns
Trident

A trident  is a three-pronged spear. It is used for spearfishing. Historically it was used as a polearm. Gladiators used them in Ancient Rome after they cast a net to trap their opponent. The trident is the weapon of Poseidon, or Neptune, the god of the sea in classical mythology. In Hindu mythology it is the weapon of Shiva, known as trishula (Sanskrit for "triple-spear"). The word "trident" comes from the French word trident, which in turn comes from the Latin word tridens.

References 

Weapons
Greek mythology
Hindu mythology
Mary Anna Custis Lee

Mary Anna Randolph Custis Lee (1 October 1808 – 5 November 1873) was the wife of Confederate Army military officer Robert E. Lee. She was also his third cousin. They married at her parents' home, and had seven children together.

Life 
She born in Clarke County, Virginia on 1 October 1808; although her birth appears in the Custis family Bible and in records kept by her mother to have happened in 1807. She was born at the Annefield plantation when her mother's coach stopped there during a journey. She was well educated, having learned both Latin and Greek.

She liked talking about politics with her father and later her husband. She kept current with all the new literature. After her father died, she edited and published his writings as Recollections and Private Memoirs of Washington, by his Adopted Son George Washington Parke Custis, with a Memoir of this Author by his Daughter in 1859.

She was a small but spirited woman. She knew her third cousin, Robert E. Lee, since childhood. She also dated Governor of Texas, Sam Houston.

Mary and Robert were married at her parents' home, Arlington House, on 30 June 1831. They had three sons and four daughters together: George Washington Custis "Custis", William H. Fitzhugh "Rooney", Robert Edward Jr., Mary, Eleanor Agnes (called Agnes), Anne, and Mildred Lee.

When the American Civil War began, her husband Robert and their sons were all called to service in Virginia. She didn't evacuate her home until 15 May 1861. Robert wrote to his wife saying:

War is inevitable, and there is no telling when it will burst around you . . . You have to move and make arrangements to go to some point of safety which you must select. The Mount Vernon plate and pictures ought to be secured. Keep quiet while you remain, and in your preparations . . . May God keep and preserve you and have mercy on all our people.

After the war, the Lees lived in Powhatan County for a short time before moving to Lexington. Robert E. Lee would become the president of the Washington College. Mary Anna Custis Lee visited her old home, the Arlington House, one last time in 1873.She hardly recognized the estate except for a few old oaks and some of the trees that she and Robert had planted.

She eventually got severe rheumatoid arthritis. Mary Anna Custis Lee died at 66 years old. She is buried next to her husband at the Lee family crypt at Lee Chapel on the campus of Washington and Lee University.

References

Other websites 

 Lee Family Digital Archive 
 Collection of Mary Custis Lee digitized letters
Correspondences of Mary Anna Custis Lee during the American Civil War - held in the Walter Havighurst Special Collections, Miami University

1808 births
1873 deaths
Fred Hampton

Fred Hampton was a member of the Black Panther Party (BPP) in Chicago, Illinois. He was the chairman of the Illinois chapter of the BBP and the deputy chairman of the national BPP. He is mainly known for the way he died in 1969, aged 21. His apartment was raided on December 4th. In a gun battle lasting 20 minutes, Hampton was shot. Mark Clark, was also killed and four other Panthers were wounded. In spite of a ballistics report that showed the 14 police officers fired almost all the bullets in the raid, a grand jury failed to indict anyone. Hampton’s family later filed a civil suit, eventually winning the case with a $1.8 million settlement. The background and events of Hampton's death have been made into several documentary movies.

References

Other websites 

 "The Assassination of Fred Hampton: How the FBI and the Chicago Police Murdered a Black Panther" - video report by Democracy Now! December 4, 2009.
  (A 1971 documentary film directed by Howard Alk)
 FBI files on Fred Hampton
 "Power Anywhere Where There's People" A Speech By Fred Hampton
  Death of a Black Panther: The Fred Hampton Story: is available for free download at the Internet Archive

1948 births
1969 deaths
People from Chicago
American revolutionaries
Socialists
American civil rights activists
People shot dead by law enforcement officers in the United States
Patrick De Lacey

Captain Patrick DeLacy (November 25, 1835 – April 27, 1915) was an American soldier. He fought in the American Civil War. DeLacy received the Medal of Honor. It is the United States highest award for bravery in combat.  He got the medal for his action during the Battle of the Wilderness in Virginia on 6 May 1864. He was given the award on 24 April 1894.

Biography
DeLacy was born in Carbondale, Pennsylvania on 25 November 1835. He enlisted into the 143rd Pennsylvania Infantry. He was promoted from private to sergeant major to lieutenant before he got out of the army in June, 1865. He was promoted to the rank of Captain after he died and after the war on June 8, 1987. This was due to the work of Elizabeth Hicks Jaquinot.  He died on 27 April 1915 and his remains are interred at Saint Catherine's Cemetery in Moscow, Pennsylvania. He got his Medal of Honor on 6 May 1864 when he shot a Confederate color bearer and took the flag of the 1st South Carolina Infantry regiment.

Medal of Honor citation

Related pages
List of American Civil War Medal of Honor recipients: A–F

References

Other websites
Patrick DeLacy The Last Union Captain

1835 births
1915 deaths
United States Army Medal of Honor recipients
People from Pennsylvania
Norman F. Bates

Norman Francis Bates (November 6, 1839 - October 16, 1915) was an American soldier. He got the Medal of Honor for valor during the American Civil War. The Medal of Honor is the highest military award of the United States.

Biography
Bates served in the American Civil War. He was in the 4th Iowa Cavalry for the Union Army. He got the Medal of Honor on June 17, 1865 for his actions at Columbus, Georgia.

Medal of Honor citation
Citation:

Capture of flag and bearer

Related pages
List of American Civil War Medal of Honor recipients: A–F

References

Other websites

Iowa Medal of Honor Heroes 

1839 births
1915 deaths
United States Army Medal of Honor recipients
People from Vermont
Carbondale, Pennsylvania

Carbondale is a city in Lackawanna County, Pennsylvania. Carbondale is located in Northeastern Pennsylvania. It is about 15 miles northeast of Scranton. The population was 8,891 at the 2010 census.

The land area that became Carbondale was developed by William and Maurice Wurts. They were the founders of the Delaware and Hudson Canal Company. The company mined anthracite coal mining in the early 19th century. Carbondale was the site of the first deep vein anthracite coal mine in the United States. It was also a major terminal of the Delaware and Hudson Railroad.

References

Other websites
The Carbondale Historical Society and D&H Transportation Museum 
 https://www.facebook.com/pages/Carbondale-Historical-Society-Musem-Incorporated/152276618138160?ref=ts&fref=ts

Cities in Pennsylvania
Mk 19

The Mk 19 (or Mark 19) is a grenade machine gun capable of firing one grenade every second at a maximum range of . The Mk 19 fires 40mm grenades at a rate of 325-375 rounds per minute (rpm).  It has a maximum effective range of .  It was originally used by the U.S. Navy in Vietnam for river patrol boats. Later it was adopted and improved upon by the U.S. Army.  It is a man portable crew-served weapon that can fire from a tripod mounted position. It also fires from a vehicle mounted position (this is the preferred method since the weapon alone weighs ). The ammunition comes in 32 or 48 round ammunition boxes weighing  and .

References

Other websites 
 MK-19 training day; YouTube

Weapons
Lampeter

Lampeter (), also known locally as Llambed, is a town and community in Ceredigion, Wales. In 2011, it had a population of 2,970 people. It is the United Kingdom's smallest university town.

Its population makes it Ceredigion's third-largest settlement, after Aberystwyth and Cardigan.

The town's Welsh name "Pont Steffan" means Stephen's Bridge.

Lampeter is best known as being the founding place of the Free Wales Army, a paramilitary organisation that wanted independence for Wales.

Twinning
Lampeter is twinned with:
 Saint-Germain-sur-Moine, France

Gallery

Towns in Ceredigion
Obergesteln

Obergesteln is a village and former municipality in the district of Goms in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.

On 1 January 2009 the former municipalities of Obergesteln, Oberwald and Ulrichen merged into the new municipality of Obergoms.

Villages in Valais
Former municipalities of Valais
Oberwald

Oberwald is a village and former municipality of the district of Goms in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.

On 1 January 2009 the former municipalities of Oberwald, Obergesteln and Ulrichen merged into the new municipality of Obergoms.

Villages in Valais
Former municipalities of Valais
Champex-Lac

Champex-Lac or Champex is a village of the canton of Valais in Switzerland.

Champex-Lac is in the municipality of Orsières.

Champex is also a small ski-resort.

Other websites 

Champex, tourist office

Villages in Valais
Reckingen-Gluringen

Reckingen-Gluringen is a former municipality, in the new municipality of Goms and the district Goms in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.

On 1 January 2004 the former municipalities of Reckingen and Gluringen merged into the new municipality of Reckingen-Gluringen.

References

Other websites

 Official Website 

Former municipalities of Valais
Ulrichen

Ulrichen is a village and former municipality of the district Goms in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.

On 1 January 2009 the former municipalities of Ulrichen, Obergesteln and Oberwald merged into the new municipality of Obergoms.

Villages in Valais
Former municipalities of Valais
Emilia Lanier

Emilia Lanier (1569-1645) was an English poet, the author of only one book of poems named (in Latin) Salve Deus Rex Judaeorum.

Biography 
Emilia Lanier was the first woman in England who published a sepatate book of poems. Her name and surname were written in many ways, Emilia, Aemilia, Amelia, Lanier or Lanyer. She was born in the beginning of 1569. She was baptised on 27 January 1569. She was partly of Italian origin. Her father was Baptist Bassano. He was a musician. He came from Venice. Her mother was Margaret Johnson. For some years she was in informal relation with Henry Carey. He was a cousin and chamberlain of the queen Elizabeth the Great. She got pregnant. She married her cousin Alphonso Lanyer, who was a musician like her father. In 1593 she gave birth to her son Henry who was named after his father, Henry Carey. In 1598 she gave birth to a daughter, Odillya, who lived for only ten months. The poet lived with her son's family. In 1623 he married Joyce Mansfield. Emilia Lanier had two grandchildren, Mary (born 1627) and Henry (born 1630).

Works 
Emilia Lanier published her collection of poems in 1611. It contains pieces of religious poetry. They differ from each other in the field of poetic form. Emilia Lanier used many stanzas, build of six lines (rhymed ababcc), seven lines (ababacc or ababbcc that is rhyme royal) or eight lines (abababcc that is ottava rima).

Emilia Lanier or Dark Lady 
Emilia Lanier is considered to be the Dark Lady of William Shakespeare's sonnets. John Hudson suggests that she was the real author of some Shakespeares plays.

References

Other websites 
 Æmilia Lanyer, Salve Deus Rex Iudæorum at luminarium.org

1569 births
1645 deaths
English poets
Satyameva Jayate

"Satyameva Jayate" ( ; lit. "Truth alone triumphs.") is a mantra from the ancient Indian scripture Mundaka Upanishad. Upon independence of India, it was adopted as the national motto of India.
It is inscribed in script at the base of the national emblem. The emblem and the words "Satyameva Jayate" are inscribed on one side of all Indian currency. The emblem is an adaptation of the Lion Capital of Ashoka which was erected around 250 BCE at Sarnath, near Varanasi in the north Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It is inscribed on all currency notes and national documents.

References

National symbols of India
Angioedema

Angioedema is swelling that is similar to hives, but the swelling is under the skin instead of on the surface.

Hives are often called welts. They are a surface swelling. It is possible to have angioedema without hives.

Causes

Angioedema may be caused by an allergic reaction. During the reaction, histamine and other chemicals are released into the bloodstream. The body releases histamine when the immune system detects a foreign substance called an allergen.

In most cases, the cause of angioedema is never found.

The following may cause angioedema:
 Animal dander (scales of shed skin)
 Exposure to water, sunlight, cold or heat
 Foods (such as berries, shellfish, fish, nuts, eggs, and milk)
 Insect bites
 Medicines (drug allergy) such as antibiotics (penicillin and sulfa drugs), Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and blood pressure medicines (ACE inhibitors)
 Pollen
Hives and angioedema may also occur after infections or with other illnesses (including autoimmune disorders such as lupus, leukemia, and lymphoma).

A form of angioedema happens in families and has different triggers, complications, and treatments. This is called hereditary angioedema.

Health problems
Institut d'études politiques de Saint-Germain-en-Laye

Institut d'études politiques de Saint-Germain-en-Laye is a special university in France. The school is in Saint-Germain-en-Laye. It was created in 2013.

It is a specialist in the fields of economics, administration, social sciences and politics.

References

More reading 
 Sciences Po Saint-Germain-en-Laye website

Education in France
Obergoms

Obergoms is a municipality of the district of Goms in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.

On 1 January 2009 the former municipalities of Obergesteln, Oberwald and Ulrichen merged into the new municipality of Obergoms.

References

Other websites

 Official Website 

2009 establishments in Switzerland
Municipalities of Valais
Ain (river)

The Ain (in Franco-Provençal: En) is a river in eastern France. It is a right tributary of the Rhône river. It gave its name to the French department of Ain.

Geography
The Ain river has a length of , and a drainage basin with an area of .

Its average yearly discharge (volume of water which passes through a section of the river per unit of time) is  at Chazey-sur-Ain in the Ain department.

Course
The source of the Ain is a karst spring (a spring that is part of a karst system) in the Jura mountains, between the Conte an the La Favière communes (Jura department), at an altitude of about . From here, the Ain flows to the south.

The Ain river flows through 2 regions, 2 departments and 66 communes. It flows through the following communes, among others:
 Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region
 Jura:  Sirod, Syam, Champagnole, Crotenay, Pont-de-Poitte, Moirans-en-Montagne, Thoirette
 Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region
 Ain: Poncin, Neuville-sur-Ain, Pont-d'Ain, Priay, Châtillon-la-Palud, Chazey-sur-Ain, Saint-Jean-de-Niost, Saint-Maurice-de-Rémens

Finally, it flows into the Rhône river in the commune of Saint-Maurice-de-Gourdans, on the border with the Isère department.

Main tributaries
The main tributaries of the Ain river are:

Left tributaries:
 Saine - 19 km
 Hérisson - 21 km
 Drouvenant - 18 km
 Cimante - 11 km
 Bienne - 69 km
 Oignin - 44 km
 Riez - 13 km
 Oiselon - 14 km
 Cozance - 12 km
 Albarine - 59 km

Right tributaries:
 Serpentine - 11 km
 Angillon - 27 km
 Valouse - 42 km
 Suran - 74 km
 Toison - 15 km

Gallery

Related pages
 List of rivers of France

References

Other websites

 La Basse Rivière d'Ain 

Rivers of France
Bourgogne-Franche-Comté
Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes
WSTRN

WSTRN is an English West London singing group consisting of Akelle Charles, Louis Rei and Haile. 
They are known because of their debut song, "In2", which was released on 13 October 2015 and peaked at number 4 on the UK Singles Chart. Louis Rei was formerly known as LB, Akelle was formerly known as A-Star and is Haile's cousin.

2010s establishments in England
2015 establishments in Europe
English hip hop bands
English R&B bands
Musical groups from London
Musical trios
Human skeleton

The human skeleton is the internal framework of the body. It is made up of about 300 bones at birth. As some bones join together, there are 206 bones in adulthood. The bones are at their strongest around age 20. The human skeleton can be divided into the axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton. The axial skeleton is formed by the vertebral column, the rib cage, the skull and other associated bones. The appendicular skeleton, which is attached to the axial skeleton, is formed by the shoulder girdle, the pelvic girdle and the bones of the upper and lower limbs.

The human skeleton performs six major functions. These are: support, movement, protection, production of blood cells, storage of minerals, and endocrine regulation.

The male and female skeletons are not so different as those of many other primates. There are subtle differences between sexes in the morphology of the skull, teeth, long bones, and pelvis. In general, female skeletal elements tend to be smaller and less robust than corresponding male elements.

The human female pelvis is different from that of males in order to facilitate child-birth. The hips on a female are proportionately wider than males, and so the ball joints at the top of the legs are set more apart than in males. This, and the pelvic shape, gives a birth channel which allows the newborn foetus to pass through. The critical factor is the baby's head, which is much larger than in other primates.

Unlike most primates, human males do not have penile bones. This is an adaptation to the human upright stance.

References

Other websites 
 human skeletal system; YouTube
 Skull Development: YouTube

Bones
Human body features
Brihadisvara Temple, Gangaikonda Cholapuram

Brihadeshwara Temple (also called Gangaikonda Cholapuram temple and Gangaikondacholeeswaram) is a Hindu temple dedicated to Shiva located in Gangaikonda Cholapuram, Ariyalur district, in the South Indian state of Tamil Nadu.

Other websites

 Unesco Great Living Chola Temples

World Heritage Sites in India
Hindu temples
Temples in India
11th-century establishments in Asia
Establishments in India
Didier Guillemot

Didier Guillemot (born in 1960) is a French doctor, specialized in infection. He is President of the Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines from May 2016 to Septembre 2017.

Graduate from the Paris Diderot University in innovation and public health, he starts his career at Inserm in 1994. He moved to Institut Pasteur in 2001.

He worked on the HIV.
On April 2016, he is elected President of the Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, succeeding Jean-Luc Vayssière. He left his in September 2017 due to health reason.

References 

Living people
1960 births
French educators
French biologists
Presidents of the Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines
Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines University faculty
Joseph Gérard

Blessed Joseph Gérard, OMI (March 12, 1831 – May 29, 1914) was a French Catholic missionary. 

Gérard mostly worked among the Basotho people of modern-day Lesotho and the Free State province of South Africa.

Gérard was beatified by Pope John Paul II on September 15, 1988. His feast day is on May 29.

References

1831 births
1914 deaths
Christian saints
French people
Missionaries
Ambattur

Ambattur is a neighbourhood place of Northern Chennai. It is located in the Ambattur taluk of the Chennai Corporation, Tamil Nadu. It was added in the part of the Chennai Corporation in the year 2011.

It is one of the fast growing residential area in the Chennai Corporation. The area of the place is 45 km2.The neighbourhood is served by the Ambattur Railway Station.

In the time of 1960s Ambattur was a village with large extends of agricultural lands. The Ambattur Lake supported the irrigational purpose.The growth of the village heightened when the Ambattur industrial estate was established in the year 1964.

It was said that the place has got its name of Ambattur from the Tamil words (ஐம்பத்து ஊர்) becvause this place was the colloboration of 50 places.

The population of this area in 2011 is 466,205 with a sex ratio of 985 per 1000 males and literacy rate of 82%.

References

Settlements in Tamil Nadu
SJ T21

T21, originally T2 is a diesel-hydraulic locomotive operated by Swedish State Railways () and Nora Bergslags Järnväg (NBJ) of Sweden. 60 units were built during the 1950s by Maschinenbau Kiel and Svenska Järnvägsverkstäderna based on the German DB Class V65. The T21 was technically identical with the MaK 800D. The T21 was used to replace steam locomotives on branch lines. They were used until the 1990s.

The order consisted of 56 locomotives, of which ten were to be built in Sweden with a Swedish hydraulic shift, designated T3, later T22. The shift did not work particularly well, and only four were delivered, the rest with a German shift. Later two units were rebuilt to T21s. NBJ bought four T21 units in 1963.

Other websites
 Järnväg.net on T21

MaK locomotives
Vossloh DE 18

The Vossloh DE 18 is a Bo-Bo diesel-electric locomotive. It is the first new diesel-electric locomotive to be built in Kiel since production of the DE 1002 ended in 1993. Up to 60% of the components are shared with the diesel-hydraulic G 18.

Operations
The prototype locomotive was shown together with the smaller, diesel-hydraulic G 12 on InnoTrans 2010. The launch customer for the DE 18 was BASF, ordering 2 DE 18 locomotives for services at its plants in December 2011.

References

Other websites
 Official Vossloh DE 18 product page

DE 18
Bo-Bo locomotives
SNCF Class BB 61000

The SNCF Class BB 61000 diesel locomotives were built by Vossloh to their G1206 design between 2002-2005 for the French state railways. Twenty three locomotives were built, numbered 61001-61023. As they are operated by the freight sector, the locomotives carry a '4' prefix (i.e. they are numbered 461001-461023).

These are the second locomotives to be numbered in this range, the first being the Class C 61000 (+ TC 61100).

Fleet List

References

Vossloh locomotives
Bo-Bo locomotives
SNCF 040.DF

SNCF 040.DF was a class of one prototype diesel-hydraulic locomotive built for the SNCF built in 1952 by Renault.

In 1962 it was renumbered from 040.DF.1 to BB 60041.

Like the 060.DA, it was delivered in a livery of dark green with a yellow stripe.

SNCF locomotives
Bo-Bo locomotives
TCDD DH3600

TCDD DH3600 were diesel-hydraulic locomotive built for shunting operations on the Turkish State Railways. 38 units were built by Tüvasaş under licence from Maschinenbau Kiel (MaK). In 1980-81 the shunters were rebuilt with Cummins Diesel KT1150L engines.

Other websites
 Trains of Turkey page on DH3600

MaK locomotives
C locomotives
SNCF Class BB 7200

The SNCF Class BB 7200 is a 1.5 kV DC electric locomotive. It is operated by the SNCF in France. The BB 7200 are part of the "Nez Cassé" family of locomotives. SNCF Class BB 15000 is the alternating current (AC) version. The Class BB 22200 is a dual-voltage version. They are numbered to show that the DC and AC class make the dual-voltage locomotives (7200 + 15000 = 22200). Another similar model is the NS Class 1600. It is operated in the Netherlands. It is a DC locomotive based on the BB 7200.

Locomotive numbers 7209, 7210, 7308 and 7348 have all been destroyed in accidents.

The class are numbered 7201 - 7440. Some have cast plates.

In 2012 and 2013, the locomotives numbered 7311, 7312, 7314, 7325, 7327, 7330m 7332, 7335, 7337, 7339, 7341 and 7342 were modified. They became BB 7600 locomotives. They were operated on the Transilien Paris – Montparnasse line.

Names
Some of the class carry the name of a city in France:

Models
 This locomotive was reproduced in H0 scale by Jouef, Lima, Märklin and Roco.
 This locomotive was reproduced in N scale by Fleischmann and Minitrix.

References

07200
B-B locomotives
Composition of the Russian Regional Parliaments

Regional parliaments of Russia are the legislative/parliamentary bodies of power in the regions of Russia (Republics, Krais, Oblasts, Autonomous okrugs and Federal Cities of Moscow and St. Petersburg), which have different names, often collectively referred to in the media as regional parliaments.  

The federal structure of Russia includes 83 regional parliaments.  The biggest regional parliament is the State Assembly of Bashkortostan which consists of 120 deputies. The smallest one is the Assembly of Deputies of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug which consists of 11 deputies.

Parties in Each Parliament 

In the table are marked in bold parliaments, elected solely by the proportional system. 

Politics of Russia
Crêt de la Neige

Crêt de la Neige is a  high mountain in the commune of Thoiry. It is the highest peak in the Jura Mountains and the department of Ain in France.

It is in the Jura Mountains Regional Natural Park ().

Geography

Crêt de la Neige is between the communes of Lélex (to the northwest) and Thoiry (to the southeast) in the Ain department.

It is found in the Haute Chaîne, the most eastern and highest chain of the French Jura mountains; it is in the Pays de Gex (the Arrondissement of Gex, Ain department), about  to the northwest of the city of Geneva.

The Crêt de la Neige is surrounded by the plain of the Pays de Gex to the east and the Valserine valley (a valley among the Jura mountains formed by the Valserine river) to the west.

From the summit (or near the summit because it is covered with shrubs and trees), it is possible to see Geneva and the Pays de Gex and there is a 360° view over the Lake Geneva, the Valserine valley, La Dôle (a peak of the Jura mountains that is in Switzerland) and the Alps. On a clear day, it is possible to see the Vosges mountains and the Black Forest.

Elevation
In the past, the official elevation given for the Crêt de la Neige was , and so it appears in old maps, only  higher than the near peak of Reculet . But recent studies made by the Institut géographique national (IGN) in Villeurbanne found that the true altitude of the Crêt de la Neige is  above sea level.

Getting there
The easiest route to get to the Crêt de la Neige is from the Tiocan lookout point that is beyond Thoiry.

Gallery

References

Other websites

 Crêt de la Neige in Camp-to-Camp 
 Crêt de la Neige in GeoFinder.ch 
 Crêt de la Neige at Altituderando.com 

Mountains of France
Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes
2016 United States presidential election in California

During the 2016 United States presidential election on November 8, in the state of California, all 55 electoral votes were for Democrat, Hillary Clinton because 61.7% of people in the state voted for her.

Presidential

Results

Polling 
The following are poll results from www.realclearpolitics.com All polls showed that Democratic nominee Hillary Clinton had a big lead.

Primaries

Democratic

By county 

Again, yellow is a victory for Clinton while green is a victory for Sanders.

Republican

Libertarian

Green

American Independent

Peace and Freedom

Related pages

 Democratic Party presidential primaries, 2016
 Republican Party presidential primaries, 2016

References

Other websites 

 RNC 2016 Republican Nominating Process 
 Green papers for 2016 primaries, caucuses, and conventions
 2016 Presidential primaries , ElectionProjection.com

2016 California elections
2016 United States presidential election by state
Udara

Udara is a genus of butterflies in the family Lycaenidae. The species are found in the Indomalayan and the Australasian realms.

Lycaenidae
President-elect of the United States

President-elect of the United States is the title used for an incoming president of the United States between the general election on Election Day in November and noon Eastern Standard Time on Inauguration Day, January 20. During this time, the elected nominee is not in office yet.

Since the election for U.S. president is not by popular vote, the title is used for the apparent winner. The decision is finalized when votes of the Electoral College, cast in December, are counted by a joint session of Congress in early January. 

If the current president has won re-election, they are not given the title of president-elect because he or she is already in office and not waiting to become president. If a new president is scheduled to enter, then the current-standing one is said to hold the office on a lame duck basis.

List of presidents-elect

References
O.T. Genasis

Odis Oliver Flores (born June 19, 1987) is an American hip hop recording artist. His stage name is O.T Genasis. He is well known for his songs "CoCo", "Do It" and "Cut It".

Discography

Mixtapes

Singles

As lead artist

References

American hip hop musicians
1987 births
Singers from Atlanta, Georgia
Living people
Musicians from Atlanta, Georgia
Stage names
Laura Ashley

Laura Ashley (née Mountney; 7 September 1925 – 17 September 1985) was a fashion designer and business woman from Wales. She began by making simple items out of her own printed cloth, but when her work became more popular she opened factories making clothes and furniture too. Ashley, along with her husband Bernard, set up a large business to sell her designs, with 219 across the world. The business faced difficult times in the 1990s, after Ashley's death, but there are still many Laura Ashley shops today, in Europe, Asia and Australia.

References 

1925 births
1985 deaths
Welsh people
Fashion designers
Itapúa

The Itapúa department () is a department of Paraguay. The capital is the city of Encarnación.

Its ISO 3166-2 code  is PY-7.

Geography
The Itapúa department is in the southeastern part of the country, in the Oriental region. It has an area of , with a estimated population for 2013 of 551,128 for a Population density of .

Limits
 To the north: Caazapá and Alto Paraná departments.
 To the south and east: Argentina, separated by the Paraná river.
 To the west: Misiones department.

Rivers
The main river in the department is the Paraná river.

Climate
, the total amount of precipitation for the year 2012 in the city of Encarnación was . The month with the most precipitation was December with  of precipitation. The month with the least precipitation was January with .

The average temperature for the year 2012 in Encarnación was . The warmest month, on average, was February with an average temperature of . The coolest month on average is July, with an average temperature of .

Districts
The department is divided in 30 districts:

Related pages
 Departments of Paraguay
 ISO 3166-2:PY

References

Other websites

 Gobernación de Itapúa website 
 Statoids - Departments of Paraguay

Departments of Paraguay
2016 United States presidential election in Alaska

The 2016 United States presidential election in Alaska was held on 8 November 2016. It was part of the 2016 United States presidential election, in which all other states plus the District of Columbia voted.

On 1 March and 26 March 2016, the state also voted for who they wanted to be the nominee of their respective parties.

Presidential

Polling 
Below is a table with the polling results in Alaska. Alaska has voted Republican in the general election since 1968.

Results

Caucuses

Democratic 

The Democratic caucus occurred on 26 March 2016.

Republican 

The Republican caucus occurred on 1 March 2016.

Related pages
 Democratic Party presidential primaries, 2016
 Republican Party presidential primaries, 2016

References

Other websites 
 RNC 2016 Republican Nominating Process 
 Green papers for 2016 primaries, caucuses, and conventions
 2016 Presidential primaries , ElectionProjection.com
 Decision Desk Headquarter Results for Alaska 

History of Alaska
2016 United States presidential election by state