cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Misha Mengelberg

Misha Mengelberg (5 June 1935 – 3 March 2017) was a Dutch jazz pianist and composer. He won the Gaudeamus International Composers Award in 1961.

Mengelberg died in Amsterdam on 3 March 2017, aged 81.

Solo albums
 1979: Pech Onderweg (BV Haast)
 1982: Musica Per 17 Instrumenti / 3 Intermezzi /Omtrent Een Componistenactie Composer's Voice
 1994: Impromptus (FMP)
 1997: Misha Mengelberg (I Dischi Di Angelica)
 1997: The Root Of The Problem (hatOLOGY)
 1999: Two Days In Chicago (hatOLOGY)
 2000: Solo (Buzz)
 2005: Senne Sing Song (Tzadik)

References

Other websites

1996 Mengelberg interview conducted by Dan Warburton
Discography from the European Free Improvisation Pages 
ICP Orchestra Homepage
FMP releases

1935 births
2017 deaths
20th-century Dutch composers
21st-century Dutch composers
Jazz pianists
Musicians from Kiev
Chalais, Switzerland

Chalais is a municipality of the district of Sierre in the canton of Valais in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

 Official website of Chalais 

Municipalities of Valais
Chandolin

Chandolin is a village in the  municipality of Anniviers in the district of Sierre in the canton of Valais in Switzerland. Until 2009 it was a municipality.

History
On 1 January 2009 the former municipalities of Chandolin, Ayer, Grimentz, Saint-Jean, Saint-Luc and Vissoie merged into the new municipality of Anniviers.

Culture
It has at least one museum: the Ella Maillart Museum previously was the home of travel writer Ella Maillart (en:).

Other websites

 Official website 

Villages in Valais
Former municipalities of Valais
Pierre Guénin

Pierre Guénin (19 February 1927 – 1 March 2017) was a French journalist and gay rights activist. He was an early publisher of LGBT magazines in the late 1960s and the 1970s. He was the founder of LGBT movie awards in France. He was the founder of the Prix Pierre Guénin for LGBT activists. He was a journalist for Cinémonde.

Guénin was born in Étampes, France on 19 February 1927. 

Guénin founded Editions S.A.N., a publisher of LGBT magazines, in 1967. He was the founding editor of Eden and Olympe, whose writings were forbidden under President Valéry Giscard d'Estaing in 1978.

Guénin died on 1 March 2017 from complications from pneumonia in Paris at the age of 90.

List of books

References

1927 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from pneumonia
French journalists
French LGBT people
LGBT rights activists
Gay men
Writers from Paris
Edi Fitzroy

Fitzroy Edwards (17 November 1955 – 4 March 2017), better known by his stage name Edi Fitzroy, was a Jamaican reggae singer-songwriter. His career began in 1975 but best known for his work in the dancehall era. He was known for his songs "Miss Molly Colly" and "Deep in Mi Culture". He has been a regular performer at annual Peter Tosh memorial concerts in Jamaica.

Personal life
Fitzroy was born in Chapelton, Clarendon Parish, Jamaica. He studied at Chapelton All-Age and Clarendon College. Fitzroy was a Rastafarian, stating that he has been "from birth".

Fitzroy died on 4 March 2017 at a hospital in May Pen, Claredon Parish, Jamaica, aged 62.

Songs
Youthman Penitentiary (1982), Alligator
Check For You Once (1982), Musical Ambassador
Coming Up Strong (1984), Musical Ambassador
Eclipse (1987), RAS
Pollution (1990), VP
Deep in Mi Culture (1993), Henry K
We a Lion (2000)
Hold the Vibes (2006), King Step
Compilations
First Class Citizen (2001), Musical Ambassador
The Best Of Edi Fitzroy Featuring Sly and Robbie and The Roots Radics (2010), Musical Ambassador

References

Other websites
Edi Fitzroy on Myspace

1955 births
2017 deaths
Jamaican singers
Singer-songwriters
Reggae musicians
John Negroponte

John Dimitri Negroponte (; born July 21, 1939) is a British-born American diplomat of Greek descent.  He served as a research fellow and lecturer in international affairs at Yale University's Jackson Institute for Global Affairs, United States Deputy Secretary of State, and the first ever Director of National Intelligence.

References

1939 births
Living people
Naturalized citizens of the United States
United States Ambassadors to the United Nations
United States Directors of National Intelligence
Ambassadors of the United States to Mexico
Politicians from London
US Republican Party politicians
John Michael McConnell

John Michael "Mike" McConnell (born July 26, 1943) is a former vice admiral in the United States Navy. 

During his naval career he served as Director of the National Security Agency from 1992 to 1996. His civilian career includes serving as the United States Director of National Intelligence from 20 February 2007 to 27 January 2009 during the Bush administration and seven days of the Obama administration.

McConnell was born and grew up in Greenville, South Carolina.

References

1943 births
Living people
Admirals
American military people
People from Greenville, South Carolina
Politicians from South Carolina
United States Directors of National Intelligence
Dennis C. Blair

Dennis Cutler Blair (born February 4, 1947) is the former United States Director of National Intelligence and is a retired United States Navy admiral. He was the commander of U.S. forces in the Pacific region. 

Blair was a career officer in the U.S. Navy and served in the White House during the presidencies of  both President Jimmy Carter and President Ronald Reagan. Blair retired from the Navy in 2002 as an Admiral. In 2009, Blair was selected as President Barack Obama’s first Director of National Intelligence, but after a series of bureaucratic battles, he resigned on May 20, 2010.

References

1947 births
Living people
United States Directors of National Intelligence
American military people
Politicians from Maine
Recipients of the Order of the Rising Sun
Kenneth W. Dam

Kenneth W. Dam (born August 10, 1932) served as Deputy Secretary of the Treasury (the second highest official in the United States Department of the Treasury) from 2001 to 2003. He worked in international economic development. 

Dam is a senior fellow of the Brookings Institution and a professor emeritus and senior lecturer at the University of Chicago Law School.

Other websites
 University of Chicago law school biography of Kenneth Dam
 Brookings Institution announcement on Kenneth Dam's appointment as senior fellow
 Speech by Kenneth Dam on economic growth in Latin America 
 

1932 births
Living people
United States Deputy Secretaries of State
Politicians from Kansas
James R. Clapper

James Robert "Jim" Clapper Jr. (born March 14, 1941) is a retired lieutenant general in the United States Air Force and is the former Director of National Intelligence.

He served as director of the Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA) from 1992 until 1995. He was the first Director of Defense Intelligence within the Office of the Director of National Intelligence and simultaneously the Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence. Clapper has held several key positions within the United States Intelligence Community. He served as the director of the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA) from September 2001 until June 2006.

On June 5, 2010, President Barack Obama nominated Clapper to replace Dennis C. Blair as United States Director of National Intelligence. Clapper was unanimously confirmed by the Senate for the position on August 5, 2010.

References

1941 births
Living people
United States Directors of National Intelligence
Politicians from Indiana
People from Fort Wayne, Indiana
Michael Forest

Gerald Michael Charlebois (born April 17, 1929), better known as Michael Forest, is an American actor and pilot. He played the voice of Prince Olympius in Power Rangers Lightspeed Rescue. 

In his earlier years, Michael was a movie and television actor, notably playing the part of Apollo in the 1967 Star Trek episode "Who Mourns for Adonais?" and most recently reprised this role in the Star Trek Continues episode "Pilgrim of Eternity" 47 years later.

Personal life
Forest was born in Harvey, North Dakota. He moved with his family at a very early age to Seattle, Washington. He graduated with a B.A. in English and drama from San Jose State University. He is married to Diana Hale.

References

Other websites

 
 
 
 Michael Forest at the English Voice Actor & Production Staff Database

1929 births
Living people
American aviators
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
Actors from North Dakota
Actors from Seattle, Washington
River Parrett

The River Parrett is a major river in Somerset and Dorset, England. It starts in the County of Dorset near Chedington. From here it flows in a northwesterly direction through the Somerset Levels to Bridgewater. It flows into the Bristol Channel close to Burnham-on-Sea. At the mouth of the river is Bridgewater Bay National Nature Reserve. The river is tidal for  up to the hamlet of Oath, some  south east of Bridgewater. The river has a very slight fall between Langport and Bridgwater, only 1 foot per mile, or 20 cm per km, and is prone to frequent flooding, in winter and high tides.

The River Parrett is  long and its main tributaries include the Rivers Tone, Isle and Yeo. The River Cary drains into the Parrett via the King's Sedgemoor Drain. The River Parrett drains an area of over , making up around 50% of the land area of Somerset.

References

Rivers of England
Somerset
Dorset
National High School of Chemical and Technological Engineers

The National High School of Chemical and Technological Engineers (French: École nationale supérieure des ingénieurs en arts chimiques et technologiques) is a renowned graduate engineering school in France. It is in a campus of the University of Toulouse.

Its different curricula lead to the following French & European degrees :
 Ingénieur ENSIACET (ENSIACET Graduate engineer Masters level program)
 Master of Science
 Mastères Spécialisés 
 Massive Online Open Course

Academic activities and industrial applied research are performed mainly in French and English languages. Students from a dozen of nationalities participate to the different curricula at ENSIACET.

Most of the 1000 graduate engineer students at ENSIACET live in dedicated residential buildings nearby research labs and metro public transports on a campus that is shared with students from University of Toulouse.

Research labs 
Research activities at ENSIACET relate to the following topics:
 Engineering of materials
 Agro-industrial chemistry
 Coordination chemistry
 Chemical Engineering

References

Further reading 

 Official website

Technical colleges and universities in Toulouse
1906 establishments in France
Collect call

A collect call, also called a "reverse charge call", is a type of telephone call. Usually, when a telephone call is made, the person who makes the call pays for the call, rather than the person who receives the call at the other end. In a collect call, though, the person making the call wants the person they are calling to pay for the call instead.

In the past, these kinds of calls could only be done with a operator, who would need to ask the person receiving the call if they want to be charged for it. If the person receiving it does not want to be charged, the call cannot go through. Today, computers have made it possible to make or receive collect calls without talking to a person.

Collect calls used to be made a lot using payphones, but they are becoming less used since mobile phones and VoIP technology has come around and made long-distance calls cheaper to make.

It has been found out that the day of the year in which the most collect calls are made is Father's Day, even though the day when the most phone calls are made altogether is Mother's Day.

References

Telephone
Time in Sudan

Time in Sudan is Central Africa Time (CAT) (UTC+02:00), with no daylight saving adjustments. Sudan introduced DST in 1970, going forward on May 1, and ending on October 15. DST in years 1972-1985 started on the last Sunday in April, and ending on October 15. Sudan abandoned DST in 1986.On November 1, 2017, Sudan changed its time zone from UTC+03:00 to UTC+02:00.

References 

Sudan
Sudan
Scutum (shield)

The Scutum was a type of shield used by the Italic peoples. It was later adopted by the army of Ancient Rome.

Armour
Jay Lynch

Jay Lynch (January 7, 1945 – March 5, 2017) was an American cartoonist. He was known for his key role in the underground comix movement with his Bijou Funnies and other titles. He was best known for his comic strip Nard n' Pat. His work is sometimes signed Jayzey Lynch. Lynch was the main writer for Bazooka Joe comics from 1967 to 1990; he has contributed to Mad, and in the 2000s has expanded into the children's book field.

Lynch was born in Orange, New Jersey. He died on March 5, 2017 in Candor, New York from complications of lung cancer, aged 72.

References

1945 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from lung cancer
Cancer deaths in New York
American cartoonists
American comics artists
People from Orange, New Jersey
Louis Wade Sullivan

Louis Wade Sullivan (born November 3, 1933) is an American health policy leader, minority health advocate, author, physician, and educator. He served as the Secretary of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services during President George H. W. Bush‘s Administration from 1989 through 1993 and was Founding Dean of the Morehouse School of Medicine.

Other websites

 Official Website for Louis W. Sullivan, M.D.
 Official Website for The Sullivan Alliance
 Excerpt from Missing Persons: Minorities in the Health Professions
 

1933 births
Living people
United States Secretaries of Health and Human Services
American activists
American physicians
Educators from Atlanta, Georgia
African American writers
African American politicians
Writers from Atlanta, Georgia
Politicians from Georgia (U.S. state)
US Republican Party politicians
Herb Kohl

Herbert H. "Herb" Kohl (born February 7, 1935) is an American businessman and politician. He is a former United States Senator from Wisconsin serving from January 3, 1989, through January 3, 2013. He is a member of the Democratic Party.

Kohl is also a philanthropist and the former owner of the Milwaukee Bucks of the National Basketball Association. He did not seek reelection in 2012 and his term ended on January 3, 2013. He was succeeded by fellow Democrat Tammy Baldwin.

References

Other websites
 Herb Kohl Educational Foundation

1935 births
Living people
Businesspeople from Milwaukee, Wisconsin
American philanthropists
Jewish American politicians
Jewish philanthropists
Politicians from Milwaukee, Wisconsin
United States senators from Wisconsin
US Democratic Party politicians
21st-century American politicians
Tommy Thompson

Tommy George Thompson (born November 19, 1941) is an American Republican politician. He was a state legislator in Wisconsin, and 42nd Governor of Wisconsin from 1987 to 2001.

Thompson is the longest serving governor in the state's history. During his term as governor he was the chairman of Amtrak, the nation's passenger rail service.  He served as the U.S. Secretary of Health and Human Services from 2001 through 2005, appointed by George W. Bush. 

After his time in the Bush Administration, Thompson was a partner with the law-firm Akin Gump and Chairman of Deloitte's global healthcare practice and has served on the board of 22 other organizations.

Thompson was a candidate for the U.S. Presidential election in 2008, though he withdrew from the race before the primaries. 

In 2012, he was the Republican nominee for the United States Senate seat in Wisconsin, hoping to replace retiring Democrat Herb Kohl, but was defeated by Tammy Baldwin, making it his first statewide loss.

References

1941 births
Living people
United States Secretaries of Health and Human Services
Governors of Wisconsin
2008 United States presidential candidates
US Republican Party politicians
Mike Leavitt

Michael Okerlund "Mike" Leavitt (born February 11, 1951) is an American Republican politician. He served as the 14th Governor of Utah from 1993 to 2003, as Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency from 2003 to 2005 and as Secretary of Health and Human Services from 2005 to 2009.

Leavitt serves as a co-leader of the Prevention Initiative at the Bipartisan Policy Center.

References

1951 births
Living people
Governors of Utah
United States Secretaries of Health and Human Services
Administrators of the United States Environmental Protection Agency
US Republican Party politicians
American bloggers
Tom Ridge

Thomas Joseph "Tom" Ridge (born August 26, 1945) is an American politician.

Ridge served as the Assistant to the President for Homeland Security from 2001 to 2003, and the first United States Secretary of Homeland Security from 2003 to 2005. 

Ridge was a member of the United States House of Representatives from 1983 to 1995 and the 43rd Governor of Pennsylvania from 1995 to 2001. He is a member of the Republican Party.

References

Other websites

 

1945 births
Living people
American military personnel of the Vietnam War
Governors of Pennsylvania
Harvard University alumni
United States representatives from Pennsylvania
United States Secretaries of Homeland Security
US Republican Party politicians
Michael Chertoff

Michael Chertoff (born November 28, 1953) is an American attorney. He was the second United States Secretary of Homeland Security under President George W. Bush. He was the co-author of the USA PATRIOT Act. He served as a judge on the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit, as a federal prosecutor, and as Assistant U.S. Attorney General. He succeeded Tom Ridge as U.S. Secretary of Homeland Security on February 15, 2005.

References

Other websites

 

1953 births
Living people
American judges
Lawyers from New Jersey
Harvard University alumni
Jewish American politicians
Jewish judges
Jewish lawyers
Politicians from New Jersey
United States Secretaries of Homeland Security
People from Elizabeth, New Jersey
Jack Riley (actor)

John Albert "Jack" Riley Jr. (December 30, 1935 – August 19, 2016) was an American actor. He was known for playing Elliot Carlin on The Bob Newhart Show, and for voicing Stu Pickles in the Rugrats franchise. He was born in Cleveland, Ohio.

Riley died in Los Angeles, California on August 19, 2016 from pneumonia, aged 80.

References

Other websites

1935 births
2016 deaths
Deaths from pneumonia
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
Actors from Cleveland, Ohio
Tonawanda, New York

Tonawanda (officially known as the  City of Tonawanda) is a small city in New York, USA.  It is located in Erie County, near Buffalo, New York.

Tonawanda borders the Niagara River and the Erie Canal.

Cities in New York
Jhulelal (Sufism)

Jhulelal (Sindhi/Urdu: جهوللال), refers to Lal Shahbaz Qalandar, a prominent Sunni Muslim of the Suhrawardy Sufi order. The term has been popularized by the song Dama Dam Mast Qalandar, in which Lal Shabaz Qalandar has been referred to as "Jhulelal Qalandar". The term Jhulelal means "red bridegroom".

References

1149 births
1300 deaths
Tommy Page

Thomas Alden "Tommy" Page (May 24, 1970 – March 3, 2017) was an American singer-songwriter and pianist. He was best known for his 1990 hit single, "I'll Be Your Everything". He later became a music industry executive for Billboard magazine.

Career 
Page worked with many artists such as New Kids on the Block, Sa-Fire, La Casa, Sally Yeh, Donna De Lory, Amy Mastura, Ashley Tisdale, Tiffany, Green Day, Michael Bublé, Alanis Morissette, Josh Groban, and David Foster.

Page was born in Glen Ridge, New Jersey and raised in West Caldwell, New Jersey. He studied at James Caldwell High School. Page had three children with his partner, Charlie.

Page died on March 3, 2017 in New York City in an apparent suicide, aged 46.

References

Other websites

1970 births
2017 deaths
Suicides in the United States
American singer-songwriters
American pianists
People from Glen Ridge, New Jersey
Musicians from New Jersey
Singers from New Jersey
Writers from New Jersey
Carl Adam Lewenhaupt

Carl Adam Göstasson "Noppe" Lewenhaupt (1 August 1947 – 28 February 2017) was a Swedish count, businessman and restaurateur.

Lewenhaupt worked at a bank and warehouse in London and New York. In the mid 1990s, he created and started Geddesholm Callcenter, one of Swedens largest call-centers, better known as Avesta teletjänst, which he sold in 2002. The same year he along with Erik Lallerstedt started the members only club Noppe at Östermalm in Stockholm.

Lewenhaupt was found dead on 28 February 2017 in a river outside Gärdet in Stockholm.

References

1947 births
2017 deaths
Swedish businesspeople
People from Stockholm
Taygetus

Taygetus is a mountain range in Peloponnese peninsula of Southern Greece. The highest mountain of this range is known as the "Profitis Elias" or the "Prophet Elias".

Geography of Greece
Michael M. Ryan

{{Infobox person
| name         = Michael M. Ryan
| image        = Michael M. Ryan Another World 1965.JPG
| caption      = Ryan in a publicity photo for Another World, 1965
| birth_name   = Michael McFoster Ryan
| birth_date   = 
| birth_place  = Wichita, Kansas, U.S.
| death_date   = 
| death_place  = Kansas City, Missouri, U.S.
| occupation   = Actor
| years_active = 1960–1990
| spouse       = Camille Yoder 
}} 
Michael McFoster Ryan (March 19, 1929 – March 1, 2017) was an American actor. Ryan was best known for his long-running role as John Randolph on the serial Another World (1964-1979). He was also known for his movie roles in Tootsie and Slayground''.

Ryan died on March 1, 2017 under hospice care in Kansas City, Missouri at the age of 87.

References

Other websites

1929 births
2017 deaths
American movie actors
American television actors
Actors from Wichita, Kansas
Bill Hougland

William Marion "Bill" Hougland (June 20, 1930 – March 6, 2017) was an American basketball player and businessman. He competed in the 1952 Summer Olympics and in the 1956 Summer Olympics. He was also a member of the Kansas Jayhawks' 1952 NCAA Men's Basketball National Championship team.

Hougland played for the Phillips 66ers from 1952 through 1958.

He was part of the American basketball team, which won the gold medal. He played all eight matches. Four years later he won his second gold medal as part of the American team.

After his sports career, Hougland served as Vice-President of Koch Industries until his retirement in 1991.

Hougland was born in Caldwell, Kansas. He studied at the University of Kansas. Houghland died on March 6, 2017 in Lawrence, Kansas, aged 86.

References

Other websites
Profile: Bill Houghland

1930 births
2017 deaths
American basketball players
Businesspeople from Kansas
Sportspeople from Kansas
Florence S. Jacobsen

Florence Smith Jacobsen (April 7, 1913 – March 5, 2017) was an American religious leader. She was a member with The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). She served as the sixth General President of the Young Women's Mutual Improvement Association from 1961 to 1972.

Jacobsen died in Salt Lake City, Utah on March 5, 2017 at the age of 103.

References

Other websites
Janet Peterson and LaRene Gaunt (1993). Keepers of the Flame: General Presidents of the Young Women (Salt Lake City: Deseret Book)
Lavina Fielding, “Florence Smith Jacobsen: In Love with Excellence,” Ensign, June 1977, pp. 25–26

1913 births
2017 deaths
American centenarians
American Latter Day Saints
People from Salt Lake City, Utah
M. S. Swaminathan

Mankombu Sambasivan Swaminathan (born 7 August 1925) is an Indian geneticist, politician and international administrator. From 2007 to 2013, he was a member of the Rajya Sabha.

Career
He was known for his Deebak role in India's Green Revolution a program under which high-yield varieties of wheat and rice seedlings were planted in the fields of poor farmers. Swaminathan is also known as "Indian Father of Green Revolution" for his leadership and success in creating and further developing varieties of wheat in India. He is the founder and chairman of the MS Swaminathan Research Foundation.

From 1972 to 1979 he was director general of the Indian Council of Agricultural Research. He was Principal Secretary, Ministry of Agriculture from 1979 to 1980. He served as Director General of the International Rice Research Institute (1982–88) and became president of the International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources in 1988.

Honors
In 1999, Time magazine placed him in the 'Time 20' list of most influential Asian people of the 20th century.

References

Other websites

Islamic banking may solve farmer suicide crisis: Swaminathan – TCN News
 Listen:(8:46) to Dr. M. S. Swaminathan speaking at U. N. World Summit on Sustainable Development, p.83 27 August 2002
Prof MS Swaminathan's Inspiring Talk on Biotechnology and Food Security at BITS Pilani Rajasthan
Green Revolution Champion Prof MS Swaminathan at BITS Pilani

1925 births
Living people
Indian politicians
Indian geneticists
Arthur B. McDonald

Arthur Bruce McDonald (born August 29, 1943) is a Canadian astrophysicist. McDonald is the director of the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory Institute. He holds the Gordon and Patricia Gray Chair in Particle Astrophysics at Queen's University in Kingston, Ontario. 

McDonald was awarded the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physics with Japanese physicist Takaaki Kajita.

References

Other websites
 Arthur B. McDonald and Oscillating Neutrinos
 Arthur B. McDonald Quotes With Pictures 

1943 births
Living people
Astrophysicists
Canadian academics
Canadian Nobel Prize winners
Canadian physicists
People from Nova Scotia
Moshe Safdie

Moshe Safdie, CC, FAIA (born  July 14, 1938) is an Israeli-Canadian architect, urban designer, educator, theorist, and author. He is known for designing the Habitat 67, which paved the way for his international career. He won the Wolf Prize in 2019.

References

Other websites

 The Safdie Hypermedia Archive-- McGill Univ. 
 Safdie Architects
 Historic Places in Canada
 CBC Digital archives-- "Moshe Safdie: Hero of Habitat"
 Moshe Safdie at the TED (conference), 2002
 Fallout  Zvi Elhyani, Maayan Magazine, 2005
 Power People: Moshe Safdie  Zvi Elhyani, Volume, 2005
 Salt Lake City Library on ARCHUtah 
 Interview on Charlie Rose August 23, 2011 
 Kauffmann Center for the Performing Arts, Kansas City, MO 
 http://www.cbsnews.com/videos/the-architecture-of-moshe-safdie-a-man-of-the-world/

Wolf Prize winners
1938 births
Living people
Canadian architects
Canadian Jews
Canadian writers
Israeli academics
Jewish academics
Jewish Israeli writers
Naturalized citizens of Canada
People from Haifa
People from Montreal
British Association for Applied Linguistics

The British Association for Applied Linguistics (BAAL) is an academic society. Members are professional applied linguists, language teachers, and other people interested in these topics. BAAL is in the United Kingdom. BAAL has more than 800 members. They meet at different places in the UK. The association publishes conference proceedings and a regular newsletter. It also gives scholarships to students. Tess Fitzpatrick, Professor of Applied Linguistics in the Centre for Language and Communication Research at Cardiff University, is the chair from 2015-2018.

BAAL's Annual Meeting happens every September in the UK. BAAL is part of the Association Internationale de Linguistique Appliquee (International Association of Applied Linguistics, AILA). In the UK, it is a registered charity. BAAL meetings usually have a theme.The theme of the 40th conference at the University of Edinburgh was 'Technology, Ideology and Practice in Applied Linguistics'.

History
The association started in the 1960s. At that time, more people were becoming interested in the new science of modern linguistics and they were especially interested in practical results. One important area of applied linguistics is language teaching and learning. Also at this time, the European Union was becoming more important, so people in Europe needed better language teaching.

Peter Strevens, the Chair in Applied Linguistics at the University of Essex first had the idea to start BAAL. At a meeting at Birkbeck College in July 1965, the original idea for BAAL was to study mainly language teaching and machine translation. However, at the first full meeting in 1967 in Reading, Berkshire the group decided to study many different topics. BAAL became the UK member of AILA, and Pit Corder was its first Chair. At first, membership was only for academics because BAAL wanted people to think it was a group of experts, not a teachers' meeting. However, by the early 1970s it became easier to join BAAL. Since 1985, anyone can join. There are no requirements to become a member. In 1980, the Association began to publish a journal called, Applied Linguistics.

References

British Association for Applied Linguistics (1997) Notes on the History of the British Association for Applied Linguistics 1967-1997.
Trim J (1988) Applied Linguistics in Society. In Grunwell P (ed.) Applied Linguistics in Society: British Studies in Applied Linguistics 3. London: Centre for Information on Language Teaching and Research. .

Other websites
British Association for Applied Linguistics - official site
Applied Linguistics - journal published by Oxford University Press, in collaboration with BAAL, the American Association for Applied Linguistics and the International Association for Applied Linguistics

Related pages
Applied linguistics
Language acquisition
Linguistics

1960s establishments in the United Kingdom
Kulanu

Kulanu, Hebrew: כולנו , meaning All of Us, was an Israeli political party.

Overview 
Its ideology was centrist social liberal, and Zionist. It was interested mainly with economic matters. Its political leaders were Yifat Shasha-Biton and then Moshe Kahlon.

Kulanu was founded as a branch of Likud in 2014 and rejoined Likud in July 2019. It participated in the Fourth Netanyahu Government with 10 seats, and since April 2019 with 4 seats.

Other websites 
 

2014 establishments in Israel
2019 disestablishments
Former political parties in Israel
Zionist parties
Thirty-fourth government of Israel

The thirty-fourth government of Israel was installed on May 14, 2015 and ended on May 17, 2020. Prime minister was Likud politician Benjamin Netanyahu.

Participating parties (with seats in the 20th Knesset in brackets):
 HaLikud (Likud) (30)
 Kulanu (10)
 HaBayit HaYehudi (The Jewish Home) (8)
 Shas (7)
 Yahadut HaTorah (United Torah Judaism) (6)
 Yisrael Beiteinu (5) 

The Fourth Netanyahu Government can be characterized as a right-wing government with a great religious contribution.

References

Other websites 
 Government 34, Knesset website
 Government 34, Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs website

Israeli governments
2015 establishments in Israel
Benjamin Netanyahu
Stan Collymore

Stanley Victor "Stan" Collymore (born 22 January 1971) is an English former footballer/ He played as a centre-forward from 1990 to 2001. He played for Nottingham Forest, Liverpool and Aston Villa and the England national football team.

Collymore was born in Stone, Staffordshire. He has depression.

References

Other websites

1971 births
Living people
English footballers
Liverpool F.C. players
Sportspeople from Staffordshire
Premier League players
Henri Pirenne

Henri Pirenne (December 23, 1862 in Verviers – October 25, 1935 in Uccle) was a Belgian historian and academic. Pirenne is considered as one of the most important historians of Belgium.

Biography 
He studied at the University of Liège and was a professor at the University of Ghent. His focus was on Medieval history, the history of Belgium and economic history.

He developed the so-called Pirenne thesis (nowadays out of date) in his book Mohammed and Charlemagne (published after his death in 1937). According to this opinion Mediterranean economics were disturbed by the early Islamic conquests and not by the barbarian invasions some centuries before.

Pirenne resisted the Dutchification of the University of Ghent. When this university had completely become Dutch-language spoken in 1930, he moved to the Brussels region where died in 1935, aged 72.

Works 
 Histoire de Belgique (7 volumes) (1899-1932)
 The Formation and Constitution of the Burgundian State (Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries), The American Historical Review (1909)
 Belgian Democracy, Its Early History (1910, 1915)
 The Stages in the Social History of Capitalism, The American Historical Review (1914)
 Medieval Cities: Their Origins and the Revival of Trade (1927)
 A History of Europe (1936)
 Economic and Social History of Medieval Europe (1936)
 Mohammed and Charlemagne (1937)

1862 births
1935 births
Belgian academics
Belgian historians
People from Verviers
Ian Callaghan

Ian Robert Callaghan  (born 10 April 1942) is a retired English footballer. He played between 1959 and 1982 as a midfielder. He is best known as a Liverpool player. He holds the record for most times played for Liverpool, at 857 appearances. He won 17 honours with Liverpool, including two European Cups, in 1977 and 1978. He also played four times for the England national football team.

Callaghan was born in Toxteth, Liverpool.

Other websites

 Ian Callaghan at LiverpoolFC.com

1942 births
1966 FIFA World Cup players
Living people
English footballers
Liverpool F.C. players
Members of the Order of the British Empire
Sportspeople from Liverpool
Alberto Zedda

Alberto Zedda (2 January 1928 – 6 March 2017) was an Italian conductor and musicologist. He was known for his work relating to the 19th-century Italian repertoire. He was born in Milan.

Zedda studied the works of Antonio Vivaldi, George Frideric Handel, Gaetano Donizetti, Vincenzo Bellini, Giuseppe Verdi, and most notably Gioachino Rossini. He was known for his research on vocal ornamentation and his aim at authentic performing style.

Zedda died on 6 March 2017 in Pesaro, Italy, aged 89.

More readings
 Roland Mancini & Jean-Jacques Rouveroux, Le guide de l'opéra, Fayard, 1986.

References

1928 births
2017 deaths
Italian conductors
Musicologists
People from Milan
Clara Hughes

Clara Hughes, OC OM MSC  was born on September 27, 1972 in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. She is a Canadian cyclist and speed skater who has won more than one Olympic medals in both events. She won two bronze medals in the 1996 Summer Olympics and four medals (one gold, one silver, two bronze) over the course of three Winter Olympics. She is known as a Canadian with the most Olympic medals.

Hughes is one of the few athletes who have competed in both the Summer and Winter Olympic games. Hughes is the only person ever to have won multiple medals in the winter and summer Olympics. Hughes is also the only Canadian to have won medals in both the Summer and Winter Olympics. Hughes was the first Canadian woman to win a medal in road cycling at the Olympics, winning two in the 1996 Atlanta Olympics.

Hughes was named to both the Order of Manitoba and as an Officer of the Order of Canada because of her work in sports and for the help she had given to others. She works with Right to Play, a sports program that helps youth all over the world. After winning her gold medal in 2006, she donated $10,000 to Right to Play.

Throughout her career, Hughes received many other awards and trophies. She was named Female Athlete of the Year by Speed Skating Canada in 2004 for the long track. In 2006 she received a Sport and Community Trophy. She was then named to the 2006 List of Most Influential Women in Sport and Physical Activity. In the summer of the year 2010, she would receive a star on the Canada's Walk of Fame and on November 15, 2010, she was put into Canada's Sports Hall of Fame.

She works for the Bell Let's Talk Mental Health program, including Bell Let's Talk Day. Hughes uses her past problems with depression to help others. "Hughes battled deep depression, which [almost ruined] her life, after winning two bronze medals in cycling at the 1996 Olympics." Since 2013, Hughes has started yearly bike rides across Canada to talk about mental health. In 2015, the CTV-produced documentary Clara's Big Ride premiered on the fifth annual Bell Let's Talk Day. Her memoir, Open Heart, Open Mind, was published in 2015.

1972 births
Living people
Canadian cyclists
Speed skaters
Sportspeople from Winnipeg
Anthony C. Beilenson

Anthony Charles "Tony" Beilenson (October 26, 1932 – March 5, 2017) was an American Democratic Congressman from Southern California. He served ten terms in the United States House of Representatives from 1977 to 1997.

Beilenson was born in New Rochelle, New York. He studied at Harvard University. He was Jewish. Beilenson died on March 5, 2017 in Los Angeles, California from a heart attack, aged 84.

References

Other websites
 

1932 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Cardiovascular disease deaths in Los Angeles
United States representatives from California
Jewish American politicians
Politicians from New York
People from New Rochelle, New York
US Democratic Party politicians
Lois Capps

Lois Ragnhild Grimsrud Capps (born January 10, 1938) was the U.S. Representative for , serving in Congress from 1998 to 2017. She is a member of the Democratic Party.

Capps served on the U.S. House Committee on Energy and Commerce, where she was a member of the Energy and Air Quality Subcommittee and the Subcommittee on Health. She was a member of the New Democrat Coalition.

Other websites

1938 births
Living people
United States representatives from California
Politicians from Wisconsin
US Democratic Party politicians
Jim Broyhill

James Thomas "Jim" Broyhill (born August 19, 1927) is a Republican former U.S. Representative and Senator from the state of North Carolina. He represented much of the Foothills region of the state in the House from 1963 to 1986, and served in the Senate for four months in 1986.

References

1927 births
Living people
Businesspeople from North Carolina
United States representatives from North Carolina
United States senators from North Carolina
US Republican Party politicians
Maryon Pittman Allen

Maryon Pittman Allen (November 30, 1925 – July 23, 2018) was an American journalist. She served as United States Senator from Alabama for five months in 1978, after her husband, Senator James B. Allen, died in office.

Allen died on July 23, 2018 in Birmingham, Alabama at the age of 92.

References

1925 births
2018 deaths
American journalists
United States senators from Alabama
Writers from Alabama
Politicians from Mississippi
Writers from Mississippi
US Democratic Party politicians
Lauch Faircloth

Duncan McLauchlin "Lauch" Faircloth (born January 14, 1928) is an American politician and businessman. He served one term as a Republican U.S. Senator from North Carolina from January 3, 1993 through January 3, 1999. He lost re-election in 1998 to John Edwards.

Faircloth was born in Sampson County, North Carolina.

References

Other websites

Oral History Interviews with Lauch Faircloth ,  from Oral Histories of the American South

1928 births
Living people
United States senators from North Carolina
Businesspeople from North Carolina
US Republican Party politicians
Joseph Tydings

Joseph Davies Tydings (May 4, 1928 – October 8, 2018) was a Democratic member of the United States Senate, representing the state of Maryland from 1965 to 1971.

Tydings was born in Asheville, North Carolina. Tydings moved to Maryland after he was adopted by Millard Tydings, U.S. Senator from Maryland. After serving in the military, he got his law degree at the University of Maryland and entered into practice. 

He served in the Maryland House of Delegates from 1955 to 1961, and as United States Attorney from 1961 until his resignation in 1963 to run for Senate.

Tydings won election to the Senate in 1964. However, his controversial stances on gun control and crime in the District of Columbia cost him re-election in 1970. He made another attempt at his old seat in 1976, but was defeated in the Democratic primary election by Paul Sarbanes. 

He later served as a member of the Board of Regents of the University of Maryland, College Park and the University System of Maryland.

Tydings died in Washington, D.C., from cancer on October 8, 2018, aged 90.

References

Other websites
 Timeline and Career of Senator Joseph Tydings 

1928 births
2018 deaths
Cancer deaths in Washington, D.C.
American adoptees
United States senators from Maryland
Politicians from North Carolina
US Democratic Party politicians
People from Asheville, North Carolina
Richard C. Clark

Richard Clarence "Dick" Clark (born September 14, 1928) is an American politician. He represented the state of Iowa in the United States Senate from 1973 to 1979 as a member of the Democratic Party.

As senator, he served on the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry, the Committee on Environment and Public Works and the Committee on Small Business and Entrepreneurship.

Clark was known for his efforts against the apartheid government in South Africa, his opponent, Roger Jepsen, called him "the Senator from Africa"

Clark was born in Cedar Rapids, Iowa.

References

Other websites
Congressional Biography
Description of Dick Clark's papers at the University of Iowa

1928 births
Living people
United States senators from Iowa
US Democratic Party politicians
Mehdi Mousavi

Mehdi Mousavi, also Mehdi Moosavi, (Farsi: مهدی موسوی)(born 1974, 1975, or 1976) is an Iranian poet. He is known for poems on social issues. Mousavi was arrested in 2013, along with poet Fatemeh Ekhtesari.  Mousavi was sentenced to nine years in prison plus 99 lashes. A group of poets signed a petition asking for his release.  Mousavi escaped from Iran in January 2016.

Arrest 

On December 6, 2013, Fatemeh Ekhtesari and Mehdi Moosavi had planned to travel to Turkey for a literary workshop, but they were stopped at the airport.  They were told they were under a travel ban, and their passports were confiscated.  A few hours later they disappeared and did not appear again until December 24, 2014, when it was known they were in Section 2A of Evin Prison.  Torture and other abuse of prisoners is common in the prison, which is controlled by the Intelligence Division of the Islamic Revolution Guards Corps.  On January 14, 2014, Ekhtesari and Mousavi were released on bail. Their lawyer said Moosavi was sentenced to six years in prison for "insulting the holy sanctities", three years for "storing tear gas", and 99 lashes for "illicit relations". The amount of the bail was 200 million tomans, or about 60,000 USD.

Work 

Mehdi Mousavi is known for his collections of poetry, and as a leader in the "Postmodern Ghazal" movement, a radical poetry movement that challenges religious traditions.  Many of his works were banned in Iran and distributed underground. The authorities refused publication of two of his collections, "Suddenly" and "Beeping for the Sheep". Some of Mousavi's lyrics have been performed by Shahin Najafi, an Iranian singer in exile. 

Published works include:
The Angels Have Committed Suicide (2002)
I Only Publish These for You (2005)
The Little Bird Was Neither a Bird nor Little (2010)

Other websites 
 Four Poems by Mehdi Mousavi

References  

Iranian poets
Poets
Living people
1976 births
Paul Wellstone

Paul David Wellstone (July 21, 1944 – October 25, 2002) was an American academic and politician who represented Minnesota in the United States Senate from 1991 until he was killed in a plane crash in Eveleth, Minnesota in 2002.

A member of the Democratic Farmer-Labor Party, Wellstone was a leader of the progressive wing of the national Democratic Party.

Other websites

 
 Wellstone Action political training centers 
 

1944 births
2002 deaths
Aviation deaths
Educators from Washington, D.C.
American progressives
United States senators from Minnesota
US Democratic Party politicians
Politicians from Washington, D.C.
Educators from Minnesota
Rudy Boschwitz

Rudolph Ely "Rudy" Boschwitz (born November 7, 1930) is a former American Independent-Republican United States Senator from Minnesota. He served in the Senate from December 1978 to January 1991. In his re-election campaign in 1990, he was defeated by Paul Wellstone.

Boschwitz was born in Berlin to a Jewish family. His family moved from Nazi Germany to New York City to escape the Nazis. He was raised in New Rochelle, New York. He studied at New York University. Boschwitz served in the United States Army from 1954 through 1955. He is married to Ellen Boschwitz.

Boshwitz now serves on the Board of Directors of the Jewish Institute for National Security Affairs, is an AIPAC Board Member, and is a member of the Council on Foreign Relations.

References

Other websites
 Rudy Boschwitz: An Inventory of His Papers at the Minnesota Historical Society
 

1930 births
Living people
German Jews
Jewish American politicians
Naturalized citizens of the United States
People from New Rochelle, New York
Politicians from Berlin
Refugees from Nazism
United States senators from Minnesota
US Republican Party politicians
Mack Mattingly

Mack Francis Mattingly (born January 7, 1931) served one term as a United States senator from Georgia. He was the first Republican to serve in the U.S. Senate from that state since Reconstruction.

Mattingly was born in Anderson, Indiana. He studied at Indiana University. 

In 1980, Mattingly unseated longtime Democratic Senator Herman Talmadge, which was seen as an historic political upset.

References

1931 births
Living people
United States senators from Georgia
US Republican Party politicians
Politicians from Indiana
Tom Carper

Thomas Richard "Tom" Carper (born January 23, 1947) is the senior United States Senator from Delaware, serving since 2001. 

A member of the Democratic Party, Carper served in the United States House of Representatives from 1983 to 1993 and was the 71st Governor of Delaware from 1993 to 2001.

Other websites
Senator Tom Carper official U.S. Senate site
Tom Carper for Senate

Profile at Delaware’s Governors
Profile at The Political Graveyard
Board member profile  at Jobs for America’s Graduates
Military profile at Experiencing War, Library of Congress

1947 births
Living people
American military personnel of the Vietnam War
Governors of Delaware
Politicians from Virginia
United States representatives from Delaware
United States senators from Delaware
US Democratic Party politicians
Chris Coons

Christopher Andrew "Chris" Coons (born September 9, 1963) is the junior United States Senator from Delaware and a member of the Democratic Party.

Coons won a special election in 2010 to succeed Ted Kaufman, who had been appointed to the seat when Joe Biden resigned to become Vice President.

Other websites
Senator Chris Coons official U.S. Senate site
Chris Coons for Senate

1963 births
Living people
United States senators from Delaware
Businesspeople from Connecticut
Businesspeople from Delaware
Politicians from Connecticut
US Democratic Party politicians
Alojz Benac

Alojz Benac (Plehan, Derventa, October 20, 1914 – Sarajevo, March 6, 1992). was a Bosnia-Herzegovinian archaeologist and historian.

He worked in the National Museum of Bosnia and Herzegovina from 1947 to 1967 (in the role of Director from 1957 to 1967). He then left to assume a professorship in archaeology and ancient history in the Faculty of Philosophy of the University of Sarajevo (1968–78). He later became the founder and first Director of the Centre for Balkan Studies, within the Academy of Sciences and Arts of Bosnia and Herzegovina (ANUBiH), of which he was General Secretary from 1971 to 1977 and President from 1977 to 1981

Benac focused his research on prehistory within the Western Balkans, and undertook numerous systematic archaeological excavations on sites including Arnautovići (Visoko), Crvena Stijena (Montenegro), Hrustovača in Hrustovo (Sanski Most), Obre I and II (Kakanj), Zecovi (Prijedor), Zelena Pećina in Blagaj (Mostar) and others.

Related pages
 List of scientists

References

1992 deaths
1914 births
Bosnia and Herzegovina writers
Bosnia and Herzegovina scientists