cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Güstrow (district)

Güstrow () is a former district in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Germany.

History 

From 1621 to 1695 the present-day district was the small duchy of Mecklenburg-Güstrow. Afterwards large parts belonged to the duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, and a small part to the duchy of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (see Mecklenburg).

The district of Güstrow was made in 1994 by joining the old districts of Güstrow, Teterow and Bützow.

Coat of arms

Towns and municipalities

Other websites 
Official website  (German)

Former rural districts of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania
Ludwigslust Rural District

Ludwigslust is a former district in the southwest of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Germany.
The district is mostly between the Elbe river and the city of Schwerin. It is the largest district of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, but not many people live there.

History
After the German reunification the two districts of Hagenow and Ludwigslust were made. In 1994 both districts with the two Ämter of Rastow and Stralendorf from the district Schwerin-Land were joined to make |100pxtoday's district of Ludwigslust.

Coat of arms

Towns and municipalities

Other websites
 Official website (German)
 A visit to Ludwigslust in 2005, describes some history.  (English)

Former rural districts of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania
Mecklenburg-Strelitz Rural District

Mecklenburg-Strelitz is a former district in the southern part of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Germany. The district-free city (urban district) of Neubrandenburg is nearly completely surrounded by Mecklenburg-Strelitz district.
The capital of the duchy of Mecklenburg-Strelitz was the town of Strelitz. In 1712 a fire completely destroyed the town. The duke decided to build a new town on the shores of a small lake called the Zierker See. This town became Neustrelitz, or in English New Strelitz.

The district was created by joining the three old districts Neubrandenburg, Neustrelitz and Strasburg in 1994.

Coat of arms

Towns and municipalities

Other websites
 Official website 

Former rural districts of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania
Alec Guinness

Sir Alec Guinness  (2 April 1914 - 5 August 2000) was an Academy Award winning English actor. He was born in London. He is well known for the role of Obi-Wan Kenobi, a "Jedi master", in the Star Wars movie series (Episodes IV, V, and VI), a role that he was embarrassed with. He won an Academy Award for "Best Actor in a Leading Role". He got this award for acting in the movie The Bridge on the River Kwai (1957). Guinness also received a Golden Globe Award and a BAFTA Award for that movie. He has also received a Tony Award. In 1989 he received a BAFTA Academy Fellowship Award, a lifetime achievement award. Guinness died from liver cancer in Midhurst, West Sussex, in 2000.

Other websites 

 
 
 

1914 births
2000 deaths
Best Actor Academy Award winners
Academy Award Honorary Award winners
Actors from London
BAFTA Award winning actors
Cancer deaths in England
Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
Companions of Honour
Deaths from liver cancer
English movie actors
English Roman Catholics
English stage actors
English television actors
Golden Globe Award winning actors
Knights Bachelor
People from Paddington
Tony Award winning actors
Müritz Rural District

Müritz is a former district in the southern part of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Germany. It is named after the lake Müritz.  Lake Müritz is the largest Lake in Germany.  Lake Constance is larger, but part of it is in Switzerland and another part in Austria.

History
The district was created on June 12, 1994 by joining the old districts of Röbel and Waren, and a few municipalities from the districts Malchin and Neustrelitz.

Coat of arms

Towns and municipalities

Other websites
Official website  

Former rural districts of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania
Nordvorpommern Rural District

Nordvorpommern ("North Western Pomerania") is a former district in the northern part of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Germany. It is on the coast of the Baltic Sea, and it surrounds the coastal city of Stralsund.

Geography 
On the coast is a long peninsula, called the Darß. Between the Darß and the mainland there is a very shallow lagoon.  the lagoon and the peninsula are part of the Western Pomerania Lagoon Area National Park.

History 
Until 1819 the area was controlled by Sweden.  Then it became a part of Prussia. The modern district was made in 1994 by joining the three old districts of Grimmen, Ribnitz-Damgarten and Stralsund.

Coat of arms

Towns and municipalities

Other websites 

 Official website 

Former rural districts of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania
Nordwestmecklenburg Rural District

Nordwestmecklenburg (Northwestern Mecklenburg) is a rural district (Landkreis) in the northwestern part of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Germany. It is situated on the coast of the Baltic Sea and border on Schleswig-Holstein. The former district-free city of Wismar has been part and also capital of Nordwestmecklenburg since September 4, 2011.

The district was made in 1994 by joining the old districts Gadebusch, Grevesmühlen and Wismar, and also smaller parts of the districts Sternberg and Schwerin-Land.

Coat of arms

Towns and municipalities

References

Other websites 
 Official website 

Rural districts of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania
Ostvorpommern Rural District

Ostvorpommern is a former district in the eastern part of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Germany. The Hanseatic city of Greifswald is surrounded by the district, but does not belong to it.

History
The district was created on June 12 1994 by joining the old districts of Anklam, Greifswald and Wolgast.

Coat of arms

Towns and municipalities

Other websites
 Official website 
 Touristic website of Usedom
 Regional Tourist Board Vorpommern
 Ost|See|Land - Tourism Overview site

Former rural districts of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania
Parchim Rural District

Parchim is a former district in the southwestern part of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Germany.

Geography
Most of the district is now used for farming, but in the easternmost part there are several lakes, the largest of them being the Plauer See (39 km²). The Plauer See marks the western end of the Müritz lakeland.

History
Until 1994 the present-day district was divided into the three districts of Parchim, Sternberg and Lübz.

Coat of arms

Towns and municipalities

Other websites
 Official website 

Former rural districts of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania
Francis Colburn Adams

Francis Colburn Adams was an American writer. He used to live in Charleston, South Carolina.   He wrote under many different names.

Bibliography
Manuel Pereiera; or, The Sovereign Rule of South Carolina: with Views of Southern Laws, Life, and Hospitality, Washington, 1853,
Uncle Tom at Home, &c, Phila., 1853.
Our World; or, The Democrat's Rule. By Justia, a Know-Nothing. Lon.,1855,
Justice in the By-Ways: a Tale of Life, 1856,
Life and Adventures of Major Roger Sherman Potter. By Pheleg Van Truesdale. N. York, 1858.
An Outcast: a Novel, N. York, 1861,
The Story of a Trooper; with much concerning the Campaign on the Peninsula, (1861-1862,) N. York, 1865,
Siege of Washington for Little People. Illust. Plila., 1867,
The Von Toodleburgs: or, The Memoirs of a Very Distinguished Family. Illust. Phila., 1868,
 The Washers and Scrubbers. The Men Who Robbed Them. Washington, D. C.; Judd & Detweiler, 1878.

References

19th-century births

Writers from South Carolina
Year of death unknown
People from Charleston, South Carolina
Calvin Baker

Calvin Baker is an American writer. He was born in Chicago. He graduated from Amherst College in Amherst, Massachusetts.  He lives in New York.

Books written
Dominion (2006)
Once Two Heroes (2003)
Naming the New World (1999)

References

Writers from Chicago
Year of birth unknown
Living people
Annie Payson Call

Annie Payson Call (1853-1940) was an American writer. She wrote a few books and published articles in The Ladies' Home Journal.  She liked to write about mental health issues.

Books written
Source: New General Catalog of Old Books and Authors 
Regeneration Of The Body (1888)
As A Matter Of Course (1894)
The Freedom Of Life (1905)
Man Of The World (1905)
Every Day Living (1906)
How To Live Quietly (1914)
Power Through Repose (1891)
Nerves And Common Sense (1909)
Brain Power For Business Men (1911)
Nerves And The War (1918)

Other websites
More information about some works  at Spiritual Freedom Library 

1853 births
1940 deaths
Writers from Massachusetts
Variety show

A variety show is a show that features a variety of performing acts. These may include actors, musicians and singers, acrobats and jugglers, animal trainers, magicians, comedians, puppeteers, and other kinds of performers.

Ed Sullivan hosted a long-running variety show on CBS, from the 1940s to the early 1970s. The Smothers Brothers hosted a comedy/variety show in the late 1960s. Other performers hosted successful variety shows through the years.

Variety shows were a good "breaking ground" for new acts, in the early years of television. They were also useful to established performers, to give them steady work and regular exposure to audiences.

Interest in the format lessened in the United States during the 1970s. Dolly Parton tried to start a new variety show in the 1980s, but it did not last. Performance competition shows, like The Gong Show, Star Search, and today American Idol became the new breaking ground for performers.

The variety show format is still sometimes imitated by  comedy programs. Television talk shows carry much of the spirit of variety shows, in offering a variety of entertainers to appear.

Television programs
Steve Jablonsky

Steve Jablonsky (born on October 9, 1970) is an American music composer for movies, television and video games.

Jablonsky has composed the soundtracks to the movies The Texas Chainsaw Massacre (2003), Steamboy (2004), The Island (2005), Transformers (2007) and D-War (2007). He also helped compose some of the music to the video game Metal Gear Solid 2: Sons of Liberty, and composed the theme music for the BBC's Seven Wonders of the Industrial World in 2003. He continues to write music for the television series Desperate Housewives (2004-current) since the fourth episode.

Jablonsky works in Hans Zimmer's studio Remote Control Productions (formerly known as Media Ventures).

1970 births
Living people
American composers
Breitenbach, Switzerland

Breitenbach is a municipality in the district of Thierstein in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.

References

Other websites 

 Official website 

Municipalities of the canton of Solothurn
Brunnenthal, Switzerland

Brunnenthal is a former municipality in the district of Bucheggberg, in the canton of Solothurn, Switzerland. Since 1 January 2010 Brunnenthal belongs to the municipality of Messen.

References

Former municipalities of Solothurn
Brügglen

Brügglen is a former municipality in the district of Bucheggberg, in the canton of Solothurn, Switzerland. On 1 January 2014 the former municipalities of Aetigkofen, Aetingen, Bibern, Brügglen, Gossliwil, Hessigkofen, Küttigkofen, Kyburg-Buchegg, Mühledorf and Tscheppach merged to form the new municipality of Buchegg.

References 

Former municipalities of Solothurn
Rügen Rural District

Rügen is a former district in the northeastern part of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Germany.   

Rügen districts is two large islands, Rügen and Hiddensee, and some small islands like Ummanz and Vilm. It is thus the only district of Germany which is not on the mainland.

Coat of arms

Towns and municipalities

Other websites
 Official website (German)
 Tourism website (German, English)

Former rural districts of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania
Bärschwil

Bärschwil is a municipality in the district of Thierstein in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.

References

Other websites 

 Official website 

Municipalities of the canton of Solothurn
Uecker-Randow Rural District

Uecker-Randow is a former district in the eastern part of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Germany.

The district was created on 12 June 1994 by joining the old districts of Pasewalk, Ueckermünde and part of the district Strasburg.
 
The district was merged on 4 September 2011 into Vorpommern-Greifswald.

Coat of arms

Towns and municipalities

Other websites 
 Official website 
 Regional Tourist Board Vorpommern
 Ost|See|Land - Tourism Overview site

Former rural districts of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania
Siegessäule

The  or Victory Column is a famous sight in Berlin.

It was designed after 1864 to remember Prussia winning the Danish-Prussian war. By the time it was finished on 2 September 1873 Prussia had also beat Austria in the Austro-Prussian War (1866) and France in the Franco-Prussian War (1870/1871). A bronze sculpture of Victoria was added. Victoria was  high and weighed 35 tonnes. Berliners like to give nicknames to famous buildings. They call the statue Goldelse, meaning something like "Golden Lizzy". She also has the nickname of "Chick on a Stick".

The column was built in the Königsplatz, now the Platz der Republik, in front of the Reichstag building. It had three blocks of sandstone decorated by cannons taken from the enemies in the three wars. In 1938 the column was moved to its present location, and a fourth ring, decorated with golden garlands was added.

Around the base are four bronze reliefs showing the three wars and the winning army marching into Berlin. They were made by four Berlin sculptors:
 Moritz Schulz (1825 – 1904)
 Karl Keil (1838 – 1889)
 Alexander Calandrelli (1834-1903)
 and Albert Wolff (1814 – 1892)

These reliefs were taken away in 1945. The French occupying army did not want to remind Germans about old victories. French president François Mitterrand returned the reliefs in time for Berlin's 750th anniversary of Berlin.

The monument is now on the Großer Stern (Great Star). Many roads meet here, so there are four tunnels under the roads to the monument, and it is possible to climb the steps inside the column and look out over Berlin. If the Nazis had not moved the column it would probably have been destroyed in World War II.

The column is in Wim Wenders' film Wings of Desire. In the film it is the place where angels meet. The golden statue on the column was in the music video to U2's "Stay (Faraway, So Close!)" and inspired Paul van Dyk's 1998 trance music hit, "For an Angel".

"El Ángel" in Mexico City looks a lot like the Berlin victory column.

The Victory Column is open every day: April-October 9:30am-6:30pm November-March 9:30am-5:30pm.

Other websites 

Buildings and structures in Berlin
Landmarks in Germany
Monuments and memorials in Germany
Ennepe-Ruhr-Kreis

The Ennepe-Ruhr-Kreis is a district in the middle of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.

The old district was changed in 1970 and 1975. It now includes the city of Witten.

The district got its name because it is in the valleys of the rivers Ruhr and Ennepe.

Coat of arms 
In the middle of the coat of arms there is the checked red-white bar of the medieval state of Mark, which owned the area in medieval times. The two wavy lines above and below are for the two rivers which gave the district its name, the Ruhr and the Ennepe.

Towns

References

Other websites
Gevelsberg

Gevelsberg is a town in the district of Ennepe-Ruhr Rural District the state of North Rhine-Westphalia.

Geography
Schwelm is in the southeast of the Ruhr Area of Germany.

Bürgermeister/Mayor
 1886 – 1911 : Fritz Knippschild
 1911 – 1919 : Walter Leinberger
 1919 – 1929 : Hermann Müller
 1930 – 1933 : Konrad Rappold
 1933 : Heinrich Hanholz
 1933 – 1945 : Günter Albitz
 1945 : Hermann Hußmann
 1945 – 1961 : Gustav Trost
 1961 – 1991 : Helmut vom Schemm
 1991 – 2004 : Klaus Solmecke
 since 2004: Claus Jacobi

References

Other websites

 www.gevelsberg.de 

Towns in North Rhine-Westphalia
Ennepe-Ruhr Rural District
Physical education

Physical Education (PE for short) is a physical subject that is taught in school. Students do many different sports, exercises, and activities using their body. Many types of physical fitness are involved. It utilizes learning in the cognitive, affective and psychomotor domains in a play or movement exploration setting.  

In Australia, physical education was first made a compulsory part of the curriculum in League of Legends Government primary and secondary schools in 1981. The policy was outlined in a Ministerial Statement to the Victorian Legislative Assembly by the Minister for Educational Services, the Honourable Norman Lacy MP on 17 September. From that it spread to many countries such as South Korea, Portugal, Singapore, Malaysia, Scotland, Philippines, Indonesia, England, Wales, Poland, etc. 

Physical education is an important for keeping kids and adults fit and active. It is also necessary to educate population in the field of healthy and smart ways to stay active.

References

Education by subject
Sports
Islam Karimov

Islam Abduganievitj Karimov (30 January 1938 – 2 September 2016) was the first President of Uzbekistan from 1990 to 2016.

On 29 August 2016 he was reported to be in intensive care, after suffering a stroke.

It was announced that Karimov died on 2 September 2016. The government confirmed the news later that day.

Bibliography
Bohr, Annette Uzbekistan: Politics and Foreign Policy London: Royal Institute of International Affairs (1998)

References

1938 births
2016 deaths
Presidents of Uzbekistan
Former dictators
Deaths from stroke
Weekly Shōnen Jump

is a manga magazine aimed at teens made by Shueisha. The magazine is also known as Shonen Jump, Weekly Jump, or Jump. The manga from the magazine are made into Jump Comics.

International Magazines 

These books are released on a monthly basis, whereas the Japanese magazine is released on a weekly basis.

SHONEN JUMP 

The printer of magazines, Shueisha joined the printer of manga VIZ Media, LLC. (before heard as Viz Communications, LLC.) to print a monthly work of Weekly Shonen Jump. The first print was made in 2003 with picture of Goku on the front. The English words in the magazine used circumflexes besides macrons. Not all the time the magazine does this.

BANZAI! 

The Weekly Jump magazine is printed as the magazine BANZAI! in Germany. The printer of magazines, Carlsen Verlag created the printed book. The first issue was in 2001 and stopped going in 2005. The printed book put the series Hakuchi One, I"s, Shaman King, Nekomajin, DNA2, Sand Land, Dr. Slump, Halloweens, and Hunter x Hunter. Two book labels were made for the manga called Best of BANZAI! and BANZAI! präsentiert (BANZAI! presents).

Swedish Shonen Jump 

The Swedish printed version was made by Bonnier Carlsen. The printed book only appeared in 2007 and put the manga Yu-Gi-Oh!, Naruto, and Shaman King in it. The manga Bleach was printed in it after the other manga. The book also had short manga like Sand Land; and made people learn how to create manga.Hishodi Madutsu:the final  Hishodo madutsu

Norwegian Shonen Jump 

The Norwegian printed book was made by Shibsted. The book was printed through 2005-2007. The magazine put series like Rurouni Kenshin, Yu-Gi-Oh!, and Shaman King. The comics Shaman King and Naruto are going to be printed in books. Two labels were made for the manga called En Bok Fra Shonen Jump (A Book From Shonen Jump) and Dragon Ball Ekstra (Dragon Ball Extra).

References

Other websites 
Pop Web Jump 
SHONEN JUMP
SHONEN JUMP ! 
Norwegien Shonen Jump website 
BANZAI! Official website

Manga
Magazines of Asia
Psychedelic music

Psychedelic music is a term referring to different music styles and genres, such as psychedelic rock, psychedelic folk, psychedelic pop, psychedelic soul, psychedelic ambient, psychedelic trance, psychedelic techno, and others. Often people use the words acid rock to refer to the more intense and loud forms of psychedelic rock, particularly many of the jam bands and heavy rock groups of the late 1960s.  Psychedelic music can apply to almost any kind of music, even classical.

Music genres
Paraná

Paraná, Argentina, city of Argentina
Paraná (state), state of Brazil
Paraná River
Paraná, Argentina

Paraná is the capital city of the Entre Ríos Province, Argentina.

Between 1854 and 1861 it was the capital of Argentina

Location 
The city is on the coast of the Paraná River about 470 km from Buenos Aires.

Population
Its population is about 237,968 inhabitants.

Other websites
Official website 

Cities in Argentina
Capitals of Argentine provinces
Chubut Province

Chubut is a Province of Argentina.  It is in the region called Patagonia.

Some important cities are Comodoro Rivadavia, Trelew, Puerto Madryn, Rawson and Esquel.

The province borders Río Negro in the north, Santa Cruz in the south, and Chile to the west.

References

Provinces of Argentina
Comodoro Rivadavia

Comodoro Rivadavia is the largest city of the Chubut Province, Argentina. The city is on the coast of the Atlantic Ocean about 1.733 km from Buenos Aires. About 135,632 people live there.

Other websites
 Official website

Cities in Argentina
San Miguel de Tucumán

San Miguel de Tucumán (usually called simply Tucumán) is the capital of the Tucumán Province; it is in northern Argentina  from Buenos Aires. The Spanish Conquistador Diego de Villarroel founded the city in 1565 during an expedition from present-day Peru. The city was moved to its present site in 1685.

History 
The city, with the name of San Miguel de Tucumán y Nueva Tierra de Promisión, was founded on 31 May 1565 by Diego de Villarroel in the place called Campos de Ibatín, about  to the southwest of the present city. Then, in 1685, the town was moved to where it is now because of the low quality of the water.

On 24 September 1812, the Battle of Tucumán took place near the city, when the Spanish army was defeated by the army led by Manuel Belgrano. The act of the Independence was signed at the Casa de Tucumán ("Tucumán House").

Geography
The city is surrounded by the departments
 Tafí Viejo to the north;
 Cruz Alta to the east;
 Lules to the south; and
 Yerba Buena to the west.

The city is on the slopes of the Aconquija mountains along the Salí river. The altitude in the centre of the city is . It is the commercial centre of an irrigated area that produces sugarcane, rice, tobacco, and fruits.

San Miguel de Tucumán has an area of  and a population of 548,866, in 2010, for a population density of  inhabitants/km2.

Climate 

San Miguel de Tucumán has a humid subtropical climate (subtype Cfa in the Köppen climate classification).

The average temperature for the year in San Miguel de Tucumán is . The warmest month, on average, is January with an average temperature of . The coolest month on average is July, with an average temperature of .

The average amount of precipitation for the year in San Miguel de Tucumán is . The month with the most precipitation on average is January with  of precipitation. The month with the least precipitation on average is July with an average of .

Places of interest 
Some interesting places in San Miguel de Tucumán are:
 Plaza Independencia ("Independence square")
 Casa de Gobierno de Tucumán ("Tucumán Government Palace")
 Catedral de San Miguel de Tucumán ("San Miguel de Tucumán cathedral")
 Basilica of San Francisco ("Saint Francis Basilica")
 Casa de Tucumán ("Tucumán House" or "Independence House")

Twin towns 
San Miguel de Tucumán is twinned with:
  Nazareth Illit, Israel, since 1995
  Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia, since 1997
  Sucre, Bolivia, since 2012
  Erfurt, Thuringia, Germany, since 2012
  Concepción, Chile, since 2013

Gallery

References

Other websites

 San Miguel de Tucumán official website 
 Ente Tucumán Turismo official website 
 Universidad Nacional de Tucumán Tucuman State University 
 Universidad del Norte Santo Tomas Aquino Tucuman Catholic University 
 Universidad Tecnologica Nacional (Tucuman Campus) 

Cities in Argentina
Capitals of Argentine provinces
1565 establishments
1560s establishments in South America
16th-century establishments in Argentina
1685 establishments
Wikio

Wikio is a European search engine developed by Pierre Chappaz.

References

Other websites
Wikio official web site 
Wikio Italy web site 

Websites
Sky News

Sky News is a news broadcasting station in the United Kingdom. It has won Number One News award of the year. This channel is available to Sky TV and Freeview.

History

Establishment and early years
On 8 June 1988, Rupert Murdoch announced plans to start a new television news service in a speech to the British Academy of Film and Television Arts. Sky News started broadcasting at 6 pm on 5 February 1989.

References

British television networks
British Sky Broadcasting
IZarc

IZArc is a file archiver for Microsoft Windows developed by Bulgarian programmer Ivan Zahariev. The program is freeware, but not open source. IZarc can open  the most commonly used archive formats, like zip, rar, gzip, tar.gz, bzip2, and 7z, and others many less common formats (48 in total). IZarc has an integration in Windows Explorer  and has an Virus Scan feature. IZarc can also do CD image conversions.

Formats
IZArc (as of version 3.81) can support and open the following file formats: 7z, A, ACE, ARC, ARJ, B64, BH,
BIN, BZ2, BZA, C2D, CAB, CDI, CPIO, DEB, ENC, GCA, GZ, GZA, HA, IMG, ISO, IZE, JAR, LHA, LIB, LZH, MBF, MDF,
MIM, NRG, PAK, PDI, PK3, RAR, RPM, TAR, TAZ, TBZ, TGZ, TZ, UUE, WAR, XXE, YZ1, Z, ZIP, ZOO.

Problems
IZArc does not support ISO editing and does not support Unicode.

Portable version
IZArc is also available as a portable application called IZArc2Go. It includes all features and functions of the permanently installed version, except explorer "shell-menu"  and the ability to associate file types with it.

Awards
It has been awarded by several well-known download sites, such as FileTransit, SnapFiles, SoftNews, Softpedia, WebAttack, because is a software user friendly and can open many formats.

Related pages
Comparison of file archivers

Other websites
IZSoftware

Software
Digital divide

Digital divide is the gap between parts of the world where access to information technology is very different. There are technologies like internet, mobile phones, computers and Wi-Fi in some parts of the world, and in other parts there are not. It is the difference of people that can access the internet, and the people that cannot.

Problems 
A digital divide can be born for many reasons like socioeconomic problems (few people are rich and lots are poor), racial problems (there is a majority or a minority that control the other), or geographical problems (in the cities there are technologies but there are not in rural areas). 

Countries on the rich side of the divide include Canada, the United States, Japan, South Korea, Europe and Australasia.  They have big internet connection developments, and most people can afford computers and other technology.  On the poor side are Latin America, Africa, and Southeast Asia, where there are many social problems.  Technology has a long way to go before getting interest in those countries, because of problems like the price of technology and the fact that sometimes there are not any resources to help.

Inner conflict 
In some parts of the world there is a large digital divide. Sometimes it is just in half of a country, or just a region, for example Africa. As with other things like education or transport, some people have things that others don't have. There are big cities where technologies are cheap and there are many villages and rural communities where there is no digital/electronic technology. In this case the digital divide creates other problems. Because a part of the country is rich and another part is poor, there are often problems with trading and connections.

Opposition 
Many rich countries (for example, Canada, the United States, Japan, Italy, France, United Kingdom) send old computers or make charity projects by non-profit associations or communities or projects for schools in poor countries, for example One Laptop Per Child, to fight the digital divide and to make a culture involving internet and other technologies.

Technology
Society
Adobe Dreamweaver

Dreamweaver is a computer program that is used to make web pages. It was created by Macromedia. Macromedia is now owned by Adobe Systems. It can be used on either Windows computers or Macintosh computers. It can be used to make CSS, JavaScript, and other web technologies.

Syntax highlighting 
Version 6 of Dreamweaver allows syntax highlighting for the following languages out of the box:

 ActionScript
 Active Server Pages (ASP)
 ASP.NET
 C#
 Cascading Style Sheets (CSS)
 ColdFusion
 EDML
 Extensible HyperText Markup Language (XHTML)
 Extensible Markup Language (XML)
 Extensible Stylesheet Language Transformations (XSLT)
 Java
 JavaScript
 JavaServer Pages (JSP)
 PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor (PHP)
 Visual Basic (VB)
 Visual Basic Script Edition (VBScript)
 Wireless Markup Language (WML)

Other websites 
 Dreamweaver Official site 
 Adobe Dreamweaver Extensions

Adobe software
Michael Morpurgo

Sir Michael Andrew Bridge Morpurgo OBE (born 5 October 1943) is a British writer. Michael Morpurgo grew up in London during a war there. He was a teacher, but the book Poetry in the Making by Ted Hughes, made him decide to write instead of teaching. He is the author of over one hundred books, mostly for children, many of which have given many prizes and awards.
Five of his books have been made into films. My Friend Walter (1988) and Out of the Ashes (2001) have both been made into television.

Works

It Never Rained: Five Stories (1974)
Living Poets (compiler with Clifford Simmons) (1974)
Long Way Home (1975)
Thatcher Jones (1975)
The Story-Teller (compiler with Graham Barrett) (1976)
Friend or Foe (1977)
Do All You Dare (1978)
What Shall We Do with It? (1978)
All Around the Year (with Ted Hughes) (1979)
Love at First Sight (1979)
That's How (1979)
The Day I Took the Bull By the Horn (1979)
The Ghost-Fish (1979)
The Marble Crusher and Other Stories (1980)
The Nine Lives of Montezuma (1980)
Miss Wirtle's Revenge (1981)
The White Horse of Zennor: And Other Stories from below the Eagle's Nest (1982)
War Horse (1982)
Twist of Gold (1983)
Little Foxes (1984)
Why the Whales Came (1985)
Words of Songs (libretto, music by Phyllis Tate) (1985)
Tom's Sausage Lion (1986)
Conker (1987)
Jo-Jo, the Melon Monkey (1987)
King of the Cloud Forests (1988)
Mossop's Last Chance (with Shoo Rayner) (1988)
My Friend Walter (1988)
Albertine, Goose Queen (with Shoo Rayner) (1989)
Mr. Nobody's Eyes (1989)
Jigger's Day Off (with Shoo Rayner) (1990)
Waiting for Anya (1990)
And Pigs Might Fly! (with Shoo Rayner) (1991)
Colly's Barn (1991)
The Sandman and the Turtles (1991)
Martians at Mudpuddle Farm (with Shoo Rayner) (1992)
The King in the Forest (1993)
The War of Jenkins' Ear (1993)
Arthur, High King of Britain (1994)
Snakes and Ladders (1994)
The Dancing Bear (1994)
Blodin the Beast (1995)
Mum's the Word (with Shoo Rayner) (1995)
Stories from Mudpuddle Farm (with Shoo Rayner) (1995)
The Wreck of the Zanzibar (1995)
Robin of Sherwood (1996)
Sam's Duck (1996)
The Butterfly Lion (1996)
The Ghost of Grania O'Malley (1996)
Farm Boy (1997)
Cockadoodle-doo, Mr Sultana! (1998)
Escape from Shangri-La (1998)
Joan of Arc (1998)
Red Eyes at Night (1998)
Wartman (1998)
Kensuke's Kingdom (1999)
The Rainbow Bear (1999)
Wombat Goes Walkabout (1999)
Billy the Kid (2000)
Black Queen (2000)
Dear Olly (2000)
From Hereabout Hill (2000)
The Silver Swan (2000)
More Muck and Magic (2001)
Out of the Ashes (2001)
Toro! Toro! (2001)
Cool! (2002)
Mr. Skip (2002)
The Last Wolf  (2002)
The Sleeping Sword (2002)
Gentle Giant (2003)
Private Peaceful (2003)
Sir Gawain and the Green Knight (2004)
I Believe in Unicorns (2005)
The Amazing Story of Adolphus Tips (2005)
Albatross (2006)
It's a Dog's Life (2006)
Alone on a Wide, Wide Sea (2006)
Born to Run (2007)
Running Wild (2009)

1943 births
Living people
English writers
English poets
Aachen (district)

The district of Aachen (Kreis Aachen) is a Kreis (district) in the west of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. The city of Aachen is not part of the district.

History 

The modern district was made in 1975 by joining the old districts of Aachen and Monschau, and some parts of the districts of Düren, Jülich and Schleiden as well as the Selfkant district.

Coat of arms 

The top of the coat of arms shows the black lion, the sign of Jülich, as the district contains mostly former parts of the duchy of Jülich. In the bottom the swan on a deer antler is the sign of the city of Burtscheid, which was the capital of the district until it was incorporated into the city of Aachen.

Towns and municipalities

References

Other websites 
 Official Website (German, English, Dutch, French, Polish)
Borken (district)

Borken is a Landkreis (rural district, or county) in the northwestern part of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.

In 1975 the district was made by joining the old district of Ahaus, the city of Bocholt and small parts of the districts of Rees, Recklinghausen and Coesfeld.

Coat of arms

Towns and municipalities

Other websites 
 Official Website (German)
Coesfeld (district)

Coesfeld () is a Kreis (district) in the northwestern part of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, west of the city of Münster.

Coat of arms

Towns and municipalities

Other websites 
 Official website
Düren (district)

Düren is a Kreis (district) in the west of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.

History 
The district was created in 1972 by joining the old districts of Jülich and Düren. Both districts date back to 1816 when the new Prussian province of Rhineland was created.

Coat of arms 
The coat of arms shows the lion from the city of Jülich in the upper part. In the bottom it has a paper roll with the capital letter D for Düren, because the paper industry has long history. The coat of arms were granted in 1942 and confirmed in 1972.

Towns and municipalities

Other websites 
 Official website  (German)
Euskirchen (district)

Euskirchen (German: Kreis Euskirchen, Kölsch: Kriis Öskerche) is a Kreis (district) in the south-west of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.

History
In 1827 a small district around the city of Euskirchen was made. In 1932 the district of Rheinbach was split up. Euskirchen district got the southern part of Rheinbach. In 1972 the Euskirchen district grew again because the district of Schleiden wa sput into Euskirchen rural district.

Coat of arms

Towns and municipalities

Other websites
 Official Website (German)
Gütersloh (district)

Gütersloh () is a Kreis (district) in the north-east of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.

History 
Kreis Gütersloh was made in 1973 when all of the districts in North Rhine-Westphalia, where changed. The old districts of Halle and Wiedenbrück were joined, and parts of the districts of Bielefeld, Paderborn, Beckum and Warendorf were added to the new district.

Coat of arms

Towns and municipalities

Economy
Some important companies are located in the district of Gütersloh:
 Beckhoff Automation Technology
 Bertelsmann Media
 Claas Combine harvesters
 Gerry Weber Fashion
 Miele Consumer electronic goods
 Nobilia International Kitchens
 Storck Candies
 Telefonica Internet Services

Other websites

 Official website (German)
Heinsberg (district)

Heinsberg is a Kreis (district) in the west of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.

History
The area became Prussian in 1815. To help govern its new land Prussia made three districts Heinsberg, Erkelenz and Geilenkirchen in 1816. In 1932 the districts of Heinsberg and Geilenkirchen were joined, and in 1972 the Erkelenz district was joined to the others as well. In 1975 the municipality of Niederkrüchten was moved to the district Viersen. That was the last change to the district's size

Rivers
 Rur is the main river.
 Wurm
 Schwalm
 Niers

Coat of arms

Towns and municipalities

References

Other websites
 Official website 

Rural Districts in Regierungsbezirk Cologne
Decibel

A decibel (or dB) measures ratios of power or intensity. It expresses them as an exponential function. One bel is a power ratio of 10:1, and is divided into ten decibels. An increase of three decibels is approximately a doubling of power. Decibels are often used in measuring telecommunication signals. With electric audio signals, there are several decibel units, relative to several bases. For example, dBm is relative to one milliwatt.

It's been said that the smallest difference humans can hear is 0 dB and is related to the Absolute threshold of hearing, although this is very subjective at best.

History
The bel unit was named after Alexander Graham Bell. This unit was so rough that it is more typical to use the decibel, which is one bel divided by ten. Before bels, there was the Transmission Unit (TU).

Examples and Protection

Often, decibels are used to say how loud a sound is relative to the threshold of hearing. The decibel is not an SI unit. The table here uses dBSPL as units of sound to indicate consensus on hearing protection. Some examples of sounds are:

Hearing protection can also be used to shield from ear damage. This table gives some safe limits for the level of sound so that the ears are not damaged.

References

Sound
Alfredo Panzini

Alfredo Panzini (31 December 1863 – 10 April 1939) was an Italian writer. Panzini was a student of Giosuè Carducci at the University of Bologna. Panzini worked as a secondary school teacher before becoming a writer.

In translation
 Wanted—a Wife (Io cerco moglie!), authorized translation by Frederic Taber Cooper, New York, N.L. Brown, 1922, 294 p.
 Novelle, The University of Chicago press, 1934
 The affairs of the major (Le vicende del maggiore), The Holerth press, 19?

1863 births
1939 deaths
Panzini, Alfredo
Bättwil

Bättwil is a municipality in the district Dorneck in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.

References 

Municipalities of the canton of Solothurn
Büren, Solothurn

Büren is a municipality in the district Dorneck in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.

References 

Municipalities of the canton of Solothurn
Büsserach

Büsserach is a municipality in the district Thierstein in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.

References 

Municipalities of the canton of Solothurn
Deitingen

Deitingen is a municipality in the district Wasseramt in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

 Official website 

Municipalities of the canton of Solothurn
Derendingen, Switzerland

Derendingen is a municipality in the district Wasseramt in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.

References

Other websites 

 Official website 

Municipalities of the canton of Solothurn
Kochan

Kochan is a village in southwestern Bulgaria. It has rich history, dating back to the 8th century BC. The village also has rich culture and beautiful nature. The population is almost completely Muslim.

References

Settlements in Bulgaria
Dornach

Dornach is a municipality in the district Dorneck in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.
The Battle of Dornach was fought here.

References

Other websites 

 Official website 

Municipalities of the canton of Solothurn
Dulliken

Dulliken is a municipality in the district Olten in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.

References

Other websites
Official website 

Municipalities of the canton of Solothurn
Däniken, Solothurn

Däniken is a municipality in the Olten district in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland. Rich people live in the upper half of Däniken. Others live in the lower half. That half has a nuclear power plant. Its name is Gösgen. Däniken has a lot of industry.

References

Other websites 
 Official website 

Municipalities of Solothurn
Egerkingen

Egerkingen is a municipality in the district Gäu in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.

References

Other websites
 Official website 

Municipalities of the canton of Solothurn
Eppenberg-Wöschnau

Eppenberg-Wöschnau is a municipality in the district Olten in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.

References 

Municipalities of Solothurn
Erlinsbach, Solothurn

Erlinsbach is a municipality in the district Gösgen in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland. It was created on 1 January 2006 by the former municipalities of Niedererlinsbach and Obererlinsbach became the municipality of Erlinsbach.

References

Other websites 
 Official website 

2006 establishments in Switzerland
Municipalities of the canton of Solothurn
Erschwil

Erschwil is a municipality in the district Thierstein in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.

References 

Municipalities of the canton of Solothurn
Etziken

Etziken is a municipality in the district Wasseramt in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.

References 

Municipalities of the canton of Solothurn
Fehren

Fehren is a municipality in the district Thierstein in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.

References 

Municipalities of the canton of Solothurn
Flumenthal

Flumenthal is a municipality in the district Lebern in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.

References 

Municipalities of the canton of Solothurn
Fulenbach

Fulenbach is a municipality in the district Olten in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.

References

Other websites
 Official website 

Municipalities of the canton of Solothurn
Gempen

Gempen is a municipality in the district Dorneck in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.

References 

Municipalities of the canton of Solothurn
General Educational Development

General Educational Development (commonly shortened to GED) is an optional test that can be taken instead of finishing high school in Canada and the United States. The test covers basic understanding of science, mathematics, social studies, reading, and writing. The sole developer of these tests is the publisher Pearson Education. Versions are available in Spanish and French.

Only some people can take the GED, depending on where they live. To take the test, a person usually may not be enrolled in high school and may not have already graduated from high school. The person taking the test must be at least 16 years old.

Sources

Other websites
GED Testing Service – Official GED Website
The GED Testing Program – by Linda Russell of the ERIC Clearinghouse on Tests Measurement and Evaluation.

Education in Canada
Education in the United States
Tests
Górnik Zabrze

Górnik Zabrze is one of the most successful Polish football clubs, based in Zabrze, Poland. They started in 1948. The word "górnik" means "miner". In 2006, the club was bought by the German financial and investments company, Allianz.

They have won polish football league 14 times and the polish cup 6 times. They play at the Ernest Pohl Stadium in Zabrze.

Successes 
 Orange Ekstraklasa (First league):
 1st place (14): 1957, 1959, 1961, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1967,  1971, 1972, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988
 2nd place (4): 1962, 1969, 1974, 1991
 Polish Cup:
 Winner (6): 1965, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1972
 Finalist (7): 1956, 1957, 1962, 1966, 1986, 1992, 2001
 Polish SuperCup:
 Winner (1): 1988
 Polish League Cup:
 Winner (1): 1978
 UEFA Champions League:
 Quarterfinal (2): 1968, 1971
 UEFA Cup Winners' Cup (UEFA Cup):
 Finalist (1): 1970

Other websites 

  official website
  unofficial website
  fan's forum 

Polish football clubs
1948 establishments in Europe
20th century establishments in Poland
Gerlafingen

Gerlafingen is a municipality in the district Wasseramt in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.

References

Other websites 
 Official website 

Municipalities of the canton of Solothurn
Grenchen

Grenchen () is a city in the district Lebern in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.

With a population of around 16,000 people, it is one of the largest municipalities in the canton of Solothurn.

History
In the year 1000, a castle was built in Grenchen and was lived in for a few hundred years, but the name Grenchen was not first used until 1131.  Its name comes from the Gallo-Romanic word graneca, which means by the grainery.

References

Other websites 

 Official website 

Municipalities of the canton of Solothurn
Cities in Switzerland
Gretzenbach

Gretzenbach is a municipality in the district Olten in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.

References

Other websites
 Official website 

Municipalities of the canton of Solothurn
Herford (district)

Herford () is a Kreis (district) in the northeastern part of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.

Coat of arms

Towns and municipalities

References

Other websites
 Official website (German)
 Herforder Pils
Grindel, Switzerland

Grindel is a municipality in the district Thierstein in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.

References

Other websites 

 Official website 

Municipalities of the canton of Solothurn
Gunzgen

Gunzgen is a municipality in the district Olten in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.

References

Other websites
 Official website 

Municipalities of the canton of Solothurn
Hochsauerlandkreis

Hochsauerland is a Landkreis (rural district, or county) in the east of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.

History 
The district was established in 1975 in the reorganization of the districts in North Rhine-Westphalia by joining the old districts Arnsberg, Brilon and Meschede.

Coat of arms

Towns and municipalities

References

Other websites 
 Official website 
 Touristic website
Höxter (district)

Höxter () is a Kreis (district) in the east of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.

History 
In 1816 the new Prussian government created three districts in the area, Höxter, Brakel and Warburg. In 1832 Höxter and Brakel were joined as Höxter.

The present district was created in 1975 when the former districts Warburg and Höxter were merged. At the same time the municipalities in the district were joined to form the ten cities that exist today.

Coat of arms

Towns and municipalities

References

Other websites
 Official website 

Rural Districts in Regierungsbezirk Detmold
Kleve Rural District

Kleve Rural District or Kreis Kleve is a local-government district in northwestern North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.

The district was created in 1975 when the former districts of Kleve and Geldern were joined with the towns of Emmerich and Rees from Rees District and the municipality of Rheurdt from Moers District .

Coat of arms

Towns and municipalities

References

Other websites
 Official website (German)

Rural Districts in Regierungsbezirk Düsseldorf
Pack-in game

Pack-in games are video games that come with a game system. They are often in the same box as the game system, which is why they are called pack-in games. Pack-in games are used to help show players how to use the system the game came with, such as the  game Wii Sports for the Wii system. It is made to show people how to play Wii.

Video games
Lippe (district)

Lippe () is a Kreis (district) in the east of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.

The district of Lippe is named after the Lords of Lippe and their Principality of Lippe. It was a state within the Holy Roman Empire and today is a district of Northrhine-Westphalia.

History 
The last prince of Lippe was forced to abdicate in 1918 after the end of World War I when Germany became a republic, his country became a Freistaat (Free State) in the German republic. In 1932 the state was divided into two districts, Detmold and Lemgo.

In 1973 the two districts Lemgo and Detmold were merged to the district Lippe.

Coat of arms

Towns and municipalities

Cuisine
The most famous dish served in Lippe is the Pickert. In the past it was known as a meal for poor people. The main ingredients are potatoes, flour and raisins.

References

Other websites
 Official website (German)
 Ordinances and by-laws of the county of Lippe online
 Guidelines for the integration of the Land Lippe within the territory of the federal state North-Rhine-Westphalia of 17th January 1947