cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Freema Agyeman

Freema Agyeman (born Frema Agyeman on 20 March 1979) is an English actress. She is of Ghanaian and Iranian descent.  She is known by a lot of people for playing Martha Jones on the television series Doctor Who and also in its spin-off series Torchwood.

References 

1979 births
Black British actors
Living people
English television actors
Missy Elliott

Melissa Arnette "Missy" Elliott (born July 1, 1971) is a five-time Grammy Award-winning American rapper, singer, songwriter, and record producer. With record sales of over seven million in the United States, she is the only female rapper to have six albums certified platinum by the RIAA, including one double platinum (Under Construction).  Elliot has released six studio albums. Her seventh album is called Block Party. She has Graves' disease.

Discography 
 Supa Dupa Fly (1997)
 Da Real World (1999)
 Miss E... So Addictive (2001)
 Under Construction (2002)
 This Is Not a Test! (2003)
 The Cookbook (2005)
 Respect M.E. (2006) (greatest hits)

References 

African American musicians
Rap musicians from Virginia
American record producers
Grammy Award winners
People from Portsmouth, Virginia
Singers from Virginia
1971 births
Living people
Piombino

Piombino is a town and commune in the province of Livorno (Tuscany), Italy, on the border between the Ligurian Sea and the Tyrrhenian Sea, in front of Elba Island and at the northern side of Maremma.

It has an ancient historical centre, derived from the time in which it was the Etruscans' port, near the area of Populonia. In the Middle Ages, it was an important port of Pisa's Republic. Still today Piombino is one of biggest port in Italy, and is one of the most used port for to go in the Elba Island, (with the port of Livorno). Piombino outside the down town has a very big industrial area.

Important places and monuments 
 Cathedral of Sant'Antimo (c. 1377), built by the Augustinians and originally dedicated to St. Michael.
 The Rivellino (Walls Tower-Gate), the most ancient monument in the city (1212).
 The Chiesa della Misericordia (early 13th century). Inside this church there is a rare 15th century crucifix.
 The Cassero Pisano a castel, built under Cosimo I de' Medici the castel was used as military jail until 1959.
 The Palazzo Comunale (Town Hall), mostly a modern reconstruction of the ancient Palazzo degli Anziani (1435). In the Musters Hall, with portraits of the Princes of Piombino.
 Chapel of St. Anne, a noteworthy Renaissance work by Guardi. 
 The Cisterna di Cittadella (Citadel's Cistern), also by Guardi. On the sides are the portraits of Jacopo III Appiani and his son and wife, later damaged by order of Cesare Borgia.
 Casa delle Bifore (1280).
 The Natural Province Reserve Padule Orti Bottagone, created in 1998.

Other 
Piombino has schools, churches, banks, parks and squares. In the locality of Punta Falcone there is an astronomical observatory, built in 1976.

Medals 
On July 28 2000, the city of Piombino got the Gold Medal of Military Valor for the fight against nazism and fascism, before and during the World War II.

Comuni near Piombino 
 Campiglia Marittima
 Follonica
 San Vincenzo
 Suvereto

Twin cities 
  Flémalle, Belgium

Population history

References

Other websites 
 Official website of the Commune of Piombino 

Towns in Tuscany
Caraș-Severin County

Caraş-Severin (; Serbian: Караш Северин, Karaš Severin, ; , Bulgarian: Караш-Северин, Karash-Severin) is a county (judeţ) of Romania, in historical region Banat. The capital of Caraş-Severin County is Reşiţa.

Demographics 
In 2002, about 332,000 people lived in Caraş-Severin County.

Geography 
Caraş-Severin County has an area of 8,514 km². It is the third biggest county in Romania, after Timiş and Suceava counties. The Danube enters Romania in Caraş-Severin County.

Divisions 
Caraş-Severin County has 2 municipalities, 6 towns, and 69 communes.

Municipalities 
 Reşiţa
 Caransebeş

Towns 
 Anina
 Băile Herculane
 Bocşa
 Moldova Nouă
 Oraviţa
 Oţelu Roşu

Communes

Villages 
 Agadici
 Mal

References 

Counties of Romania
Gold Medal of Military Valor

The Gold Medal of Military Valor (Italian language: Medaglia d'oro al Valore Militare) is an Italian medal established on 21 May 1793 by King Victor Amadeus III of Sardinia.

During World War I, the medal was awarded to military personnel for exceptional valor in the face of the enemy. After the World War II, the medal was gave to the cities that fought fascism and nazism during the war.

Related pages
Silver Medal of Military Valor
Bronze Medal of Military Valor

Military honors
Military of Italy
1793 establishments
18th-century establishments in Italy
1790s establishments in Europe
Silver Medal of Military Valor

The Silver Medal of Military Valor (Italian language: Medaglia d'Argento al Valore Militare) is an Italian medal established in 1833 by King Charles Albert of Sardinia.

During World War I, the medal was awarded to military personnel for exceptional valor in combat. Like the Gold Medal and the Bronze Medal, the Silver Medal was given also to citizens who fought against nazism and fascism during  World War II.

Related pages
 Gold Medal of Military Valor
 Bronze Medal of Military Valor

Military honors
Military of Italy
1833 establishments
1830s establishments in England
19th-century establishments in Italy
Bronze Medal of Military Valor

The Bronze Medal of Military Valor () is an Italian medal awarded by the King of Italy. 

During World War I, the medal was awarded to military personnel for exceptional valor in combat. For each subsequent act of valor, the recipient was awarded a bar in the corresponding class. As the Gold medal and the Silver Medal, after the World War II, the Bronze Medal was gave to the cities that fought against the nazism and the fascism during the war.

Related pages
 Gold Medal of Military Valor
 Silver Medal of Military Valor

Military honors
Military of Italy
Reşiţa

Reşiţa (German: Reschitz, Hungarian: Resicabánya, Krashovani: Решица or Rešica, Czech: Rešice) is a city in the western part of Romania. It is the capital of Caraş-Severin County, in the Banat region.  About 84,000 people live in Reşiţa as of the year 2004.

County capitals of Romania
Orbetello

Orbetello is a town and commune in the province of Grosseto (Tuscany), Italy. It is about  south of Grosseto, on a lagoon, which is an important Natural Reserve.

History 
Orbetello  was an ancient Etruscan village, which in 280 BC went under the control of the Romans, who had founded their colony of Cosa. 

In the Middle Ages it was controlled by the Aldobrandeschi family, who held it until the 14th century, when it was bought by the city of Orvieto. After some years, Orbetello was captured by the Sienese Republic. In the mid-16th century it was part of the Spanish puppet State of Presides, becoming its capital. Later it was under the Grand Duchy of Tuscany and, from the late 19th century, the new Kingdom of Italy.

In 1927-1933, Italo Balbo's "air cruises" started from Orbetello's lagoon.

Important monuments and places 
 The city walls (5th century BC).
 Cathedral of Santa Maria Assunta, built over an Etruscan-Roman temple and half re-built in 1375.
 The Spanish Forte delle Saline, in the frazione of Albinia.
 Remains of the Roman city of Cosa in the frazione of Ansedonia.
 Ruins of the Monastery of Sant'Angelo.

References 

Towns in Tuscany
Pontedera

Pontedera is a small Italian industrial town in Tuscany, Italy, in the province of Pisa. Pontedera is the headquarters of the Piaggio company,from the 1930s one of most important Italian manufacturers motor vehicles such as the Vespa and the Ape. Piaggio was a subsidiary of FIAT. Today the owner of Piaggio is Roberto Colaninno.

Pontedera is in the Arno valley at the confluence of the Era River and the Arno River.
The Town has a small lake in Pietroconti called Braccini lake.

Important places and monuments in Pontedera 

Churches:
 Il Duomo (The Dome of the city)
 The Church of Santa Lucia
 The Church of Santissimo Crocifisso
 The Cimitero of Misericordia
 The Church of Santa Maria Madre della Chiesa
 The Church of Misericordia
 The Church of San Giuseppe al Ponte
 The Church of San Giuseppe
 The Church of Madonna dei Braccini
 The Church of Cappuccini
 The Church of Sacro Cuore ai Villaggi
 The Church of Madonna di Ripaia
 The Church of San Lorenzo e San Bartolomeo
 The Church of San Martino (destroyed)
 The Church of San Michele di Travalda (destroyed)
 The Church of San Tommaso (destroyed)
 The Church of San Lorenzo di Rapida (destroyed)
 The Church of Santa Margherita di Tavella (destroyed)
 The Church of San Sebastiano (destroyed)
 The Church of Stimmate di San Francesco (destroyed)

Palaces:
 Palazzo Stefanelli
 Palazzo Pretorio
 Palazzo Paoletti Zeppini
 Palazzo Bellincioni
 Palazzo Pitschen
 Palazzo Ciompi

Festivals 
 "Fiera Naturamica", Festival about agriculture (April)
 "ExproModel&Show"  (October)
 "Fiera di San Luca", Since 1471 (October) ;
 "Festa del commercio", Since 2004 (September); since 2007 the festivals joined the "Notte Bianca";
 "Shopping sotto le stelle", in evening shops are still open (July) 
 "Palio della balestra", about the Pace di Pescia since 2001 (September);
 "Fiera dei fischi e delle campanelle", in the  frazione of La Rotta, (August), since 1907. 
 "Qui rido io", Festival about humorism, (June), since 2003;
 "Sete sois sete lunas", Internation Festival of Pop Music, (July) since 1992; 
 "Aperitivi in musica", on Cavour's Square, (all year), since 2001.
 "Mangia...longa",Festival about loca food, (June), since 2005;
 "BavieraFest", Italian version of Oktoberfest, (June), since 2006.

Twin Cities 
 Khombole - Senegal
 Fourchambault - France
 Montemor-o-Novo - Portugal
 Serrara Fontana (Province of Naples) - Italy

References 

Towns in Tuscany
Casentino

The Casentino is the valley in which the first tract of the Arno River flows till Subbiano, in the Italian region Tuscany. It is one of the four valleys in which the Province of Arezzo is divided. The valley's biggest comuni are all in the Arno valley: among these the biggest are Bibbiena and Poppi, while Capolona, Castel Focognano, Castel San Niccolò, Pratovecchio, Stia, Subbiano are more or less smaller. The villages on the neighbouring hills and mountains are much smaller. These are Chitignano, Chiusi della Verna, Montemignaio, Ortignano-Raggiolo and Talla. The Casentino is mentioned in the song "Ich hab in Penna einen Liebsten wohnen", from the Italieniches Liederbuch by Hugo Wolf.

Other websites
official web site Valle del Casentino 

Tuscany
Colle di Val d'Elsa

Colle di Val d'Elsa or Colle Val d'Elsa is a town and comune in Tuscany, Italy, in the province of Siena. It has a population of c. 20,000 inhabitants (2005). Its name in Italian means "Hill of Elsa Valley", where "Elsa" is the name of the river which crosses it. Today, Colle di Val d'Elsa is internationally renowned for the production of crystal glassware and art, largely produced in the industrial lower town.

History
The area was settled by man from at least the 4th millennium BC,. In 1269 it was the seat of a famous battle during the wars of Guelphs and Ghibellines and in 1479 it was attacked by Neapolitan soldiers. From the 14th century it was under the control of the city of  Florence and the Grand Duchy of Tuscany until the unification of Italy in 1860. In the 20th century it became an important industrial town. During World War II it was bombed by Allied aircraft. The oldest part of the town is the "colle alta", the higher part, with a well preserved medieval center. The city is also famous as the birthplace of sculptor and architect Arnolfo di Cambio.

References

Other websites

Official website
 Official tourist information website 

Towns in Tuscany
Rosignano Marittimo

Rosignano Marittimo is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Livorno in the Italian region Tuscany. It is about 80 km southwest of Florence and about 20 km southeast of Livorno. As of 31 December 2004, it had 31,516 people. It has an area of 120.3 km².

The comune of Rosignano Marittimo contains the frazioni of:  Castiglioncello, Rosignano Solvay, Vada, Castelnuovo della Misericordia, Gabbro, and Nibbiaia.

Rosignano Marittimo borders the following comuni: Castellina Marittima, Cecina, Collesalvetti, Livorno, Orciano Pisano, Santa Luce.

Inhabitants

References

Other websites

 www.comune.rosignano.livorno.it

Towns in Tuscany
James Henry Hammond

James Henry Hammond (November 15, 1807 – November 13, 1864) was from South Carolina. He served as a United States Representative from 1835 to 1836, Governor of South Carolina from 1842 to 1844, and United States Senator from 1857 to 1860. He had a son. He was also a slave owner; his plantation is in Redcliffe Park in South Carolina. The stables at Redcliffe Park were either built by him or his son.

1807 births
1864 deaths
Governors of South Carolina
United States senators from South Carolina
Santa Croce sull'Arno

Santa Croce sull'Arno is an Italian town in the province of Pisa, Tuscany. About 13,400 people lived there as of 2005.

Industry 
The city is famous for the tanning industries. In 16.92 square kilometres there are about 400 factories and laboratories.

References

Other websites

Towns in Tuscany
British Rail Class 142

The British Rail Class 142 is a class of Pacer diesel multiple units used in the United Kingdom. 96 units were built by BREL in Derby between 1985 and 1987. They were a development of the earlier Class 141 which were introduced in 1984.

References 

142
142
British Rail Class 143

The British Rail Class 143 is a diesel multiple unit, part of the Pacer family of trains introduced between 1985 & 1986. They originally worked around North East England but were later transferred to Wales.  The coaches are based on an Alexander bus body mounted on a chassis from a freight or Goods truck. Twenty-five units were built, numbered 143001-025 but later re-numbered 143601 - 143625.

References

143
British Rail Class 144

The British Rail Class 144 "Pacer" diesel multiple units (DMUs) were built by BREL Derby from 1986-1987. A total of 23 units were built, replacing many of the earlier First-generation "Heritage" DMUs.

144
144
British Rail Class 150

The British Rail Class 150 "Sprinter" diesel multiple units (DMUs) were built by BREL from 1984-87. A total of 137 units were built in three main subclasses, replacing many of the earlier first-generation "Heritage" DMUs.

150
150
1984 in the United Kingdom
British Rail Class 151

The British Rail Class 151 was a prototype class of DMU built by Metro Cammell in the mid-1980s.

151
British Rail Class 153

The British Rail Class 153 "Sprinter" is a single-car diesel multiple unit train.

In the early 1990s, British Rail took the decision that running 2-car trains on rural routes was inefficient, and identified the need for single-carriage trains.  Initially consideration was given to splitting the Met-Cam Class 156 units to form class 152 units, however due to various problems with the Class 155 units, the decision was taken to split these units instead.

References

153
British Rail Class 158

British Rail Class 158 Express Sprinter is a type of diesel multiple unit (DMU) train. They were built for British Rail between 1989 and 1992 by BREL at their Derby Works. They were built to replace old DMUs and locomotive-hauled passenger trains. Class 159 trains are almost the same as Class 158s. They work many non-electrified services such as Exeter St David's To London Waterloo. They were among the last new trains in the UK to be built with the old toilet system which emptied directly onto the track. BREL also built 20 carriages to 1m gauge for export to Thailand in 1990/1. 

158
158
British Rail Class 165

The British Rail Class 165 "Network Turbo" diesel multiple units (DMUs) is a diesel multiple unit that were built by BREL at York Works from 1990–1992.
 These units are suburban trains, with an express version appearing later in the form of the Class 166 "Network Express Turbo" units. The Class 165 belongs to the Networker families of trains.

References 

165
165
British Rail Class 166

The British Rail Class 166 "Network Express Turbo" diesel multiple units (also known as just "Thames Turbos"  ) were built by ABB at York Works from 1992-93. These units are the express version of the Class 165 "Network Turbo" units. They have a top speed of 90mph (suitable for mainline use), are carpeted throughout and have air-conditioning (the 165s lack the latter two features and it should be noted the 166 is similar to the Class 158 in terms of what it offers).

References

166
British Rail Class 168

The Class 168 Clubman is a diesel multiple-unit (DMU) train used by Chiltern Railways for InterCity services between London and the Midlands. They were built in several batches from 1997 onwards. The first batch of units was classified 168/0 under TOPS and bore a large resemblance, both visually and in terms of electrical design, to the Class 165 units previously built by BREL at York. This is because they were based on plans originally drawn up by Network SouthEast and thus can be considered to be Networker Turbos. Subsequent builds, classified 168/1 and 168/2, were given the newer style cab and a new design of wiring and thus are part of the Turbostar family of trains.  

168
Adtranz multiple units
British Rail Class 170

The Class 170 "Turbostar" is a diesel multiple unit (DMU) built by Bombardier Transportation (previously ADtranz) at their Derby Litchurch Lane Works, England. This has become the most popular type of DMU built since the privatisation of Britain's railways, with 122 units built. 

Bombardier multiple units
Adtranz multiple units
170
1998 establishments in the United Kingdom
British Rail Class 171

The Class 171 "Turbostar" is a type of DMU operated by Southern. The Class 171 is identical to the Class 170, except for the replacement of the BSI coupler with a Dellner coupler. This provision was made in order to allow emergency joining with Class 377 DC third-rail electric units.

Bombardier multiple units
Adtranz multiple units
171
British Rail Class 172

The Class 172 is a  diesel multiple unit (DMU) of the Turbostar family similar to the Class 168, Class 170 and Class 171.

References

Bombardier multiple units
172
London Overground
Future British rail vehicles
British Rail Class 175

The Class 175 Coradia is a model of diesel multiple unit passenger train used in the United Kingdom. They were built from 1999–2001 by Alstom at Washwood Heath in Birmingham. The fleet is currently based at Chester Depot. The fleet is used in North Wales on services from Holyhead, South Wales, normally going south or up to the North Wales Coast. Many also operate round the Manchester area.

175
British Rail Class 180

The British Rail Class 180 Adelante is a class of 14 diesel-hydraulic multiple-unit passenger trains built by Alstom at Washwood Heath in 2000/01 for First Great Western (FGW). They are part of the Coradia 1000 family, along with the Class 175. After recurring technical problems with the trains, FGW handed them all back to leasing company Angel Trains in 2008/09. After a period in store, they were leased to Hull Trains and Grand Central, while the remaining five units returned to service with FGW. The latter five have since moved to Grand Central, whilst the four Hull Trains units have been transferred to East Midlands Railway.

180
British Rail Class 185

The Class 185 (branded by its operators as the Pennine Class 185) is a diesel multiple-unit passenger train built by Siemens Transportation Systems in Germany for the British train operating company First TransPennine Express.

Pictures

References 

185
Christopher Flavin

Christopher Flavin is the President of the Worldwatch Institute, an independent research organization focused on natural resource and environmental issues, based in Washington, DC. He is also a founding member of the Board of Directors of the Business Council for Sustainable Energy] and is a member of the National Academy of Sciences Board on Energy and Environmental Systems, the Climate Institute, and the Environmental and Energy Study Institute.  His research and writing focus is international energy and climate policy.

Flavin has participated in several notable international conferences, including the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro in 1992 and the Climate Change Conference in Kyoto, Japan, in 1997. He has testified before national and state legislatures and meets frequently with government and international leaders.

Flavin is a native of Monterey, California and a cum laude graduate of Williams College, where he studied economics, biology, and environmental studies.

Selected Publications
Power Surge: Guide to the Coming Energy Revolution, W.W. Norton, 1994.
Rising Sun, Gathering Winds: Policies to Stabilize the Climate and Strengthen Economies, Worldwatch Paper 138, November 1997.
Regular contributions to State of the World, Vital Signs and World Watch.
Low-Carbon Energy: A Roadmap , 2008.

Related pages
State of the World
Lester Brown
Amory Lovins

References

Living people
Environment
Year of birth missing (living people)
British Rail Class 220

The Class 220 Voyager is a class of diesel-electric high-speed multiple-unit trains built by Bombardier Transportation for the British train operating company Virgin Trains, but are now operated by CrossCountry. They are air-conditioned throughout, with powered doors and a top speed of . They were introduced to replace the thirty-year-old High Speed Train and Class 47 fleets. The trains were built between 2000 and 2001 and the first train entered service on 5 June 2001.

References 

220
Bombardier multiple units
British Rail Class 221

The Class 221 SuperVoyager is a train currently used by Virgin Trains and CrossCountry in the United Kingdom. They were built by Bombardier Transportation between 2000 and 2002 for the British train operating companies Virgin CrossCountry and Virgin West Coast. The first Class 221 SuperVoyager entered traffic between Birmingham and Brighton on 12 April 2002. The Class 221 SuperVoyagers are similar to the Class 220 Voyager units, but they are built with a tilting mechanism offering up to six degrees of tilt to allow faster speeds on curved tracks. They have a maximum speed of .

221
Tilting trains
Bombardier multiple units
Lester Brown

Lester R. Brown (born March 28, 1934) is an environmental analyst who has authored and co-authored over fifty books. His books have been translated into more than forty languages. He is the founder of the Worldwatch Institute and founder and president of the Earth Policy Institute.

The recipient of twenty-five honorary degrees and a MacArthur Fellowship, Brown has been described as "one of the world's most influential thinkers."

Writings 
Brown has authored or coauthored 50 books. One of the world's most widely published authors, his books have appeared in some 40 languages. Among his earlier books are Man, Land and Food, World Without Borders, and Building a Sustainable Society. His 1995 book Who Will Feed China? challenged the official view of China’s food prospect, spawning hundreds of conferences and seminars. 

In May 2001, he founded the Earth Policy Institute to provide a vision and a road map for achieving sustainable development. In November 2001, he published Eco-Economy: Building an Economy for the Earth, and his most recent book is World on the Edge: How to Prevent Environmental and Economic Collapse (2011).

Awards 
He is the recipient of many prizes and awards, including 25 honorary degrees, a MacArthur Fellowship, the 1987 United Nations' Environment Prize, the 1989 World Wide Fund for Nature Gold Medal, and the 1994 Blue Planet Prize for his "exceptional contributions to solving global environmental problems." More recently, he was awarded the Presidential Medal of Italy, the Borgström Prize by the Royal Swedish Academy of Agriculture and Forestry, and appointed an honorary professor of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. In 1991, the American Humanist Association named Brown the Humanist of the Year.

Related pages
 Earth Policy Institute

References

Other websites 
 Earth Policy Institute  - biography of Lester R. Brown
 Lester Brown Interview about The Water Crisis MP3
Books online:
 Plan B: Rescuing a Planet under Stress & a Civilization in Trouble (2003); complete book online (html pages and pdf document) 
 Lester R. Brown: Plan B 3.0: Mobilizing to Save Civilization (2008); complete book online (html pages and pdf document) 
 Lester R. Brown: Plan B 4.0: Mobilizing to Save Civilization (2010); complete book online (html pages and pdf document)
 Lester R. Brown: World on the Edge: How to Prevent Environmental and Economic Collapse (2011); complete book online (html pages and pdf document)

Living people
American environmentalists
1934 births
Writers from New Jersey
British Rail Class 222

The British Rail Class 222 is a diesel-electric multiple unit high-speed train capable of . Twenty-seven units have been built by Bombardier Transportation.

222
Bombardier multiple units
Hum Ek Hain

Hum Ek Hain is a Pakistani Urdu movie directed by Syed Noor which was released across theaters in Pakistan in November 2004. It stars Shaan, Saima, Shamyl Khan, Haidar Sultan. The title was meant to be 786 but the Censor Board Members did not approve of 786 so it was changed to Hum Ek Hain.

Pakistani movies
2004 movies
British Rail Class 313

Class 313 electric multiple units were built by BREL at York Works from 1976-77, these being the first second-generation EMUs to be constructed for British Rail. They were also the first dual-voltage units to be built, capable of drawing power via 25 kV AC overhead, or 750 V DC third-rail, and the first units in Britain to have fully automatic couplers which allowed both physical coupling and also the connection of control electric and air supplies to be carried out without the need to leave the cab. Their passenger seats were an improvement on former types.

313
313
Khamosh Pani

Khamosh Pani (, , ) is a 2003 French/German production about a widowed mother and her young son set in a late 1970s village in Punjab, Pakistan which is coming under radical influence.

The movie was released in India too. It was shot in a village in Pakistan.

Awards
 2003: Locarno International Film Festival
 Best Actress: Kirron Kher
 Don Quixote Award - Special Mention: Sabiha Sumar
 Golden Leopard (Best Film): Sabiha Sumar
 Prize of the Ecumenical Jury: Sabiha Sumar
 Youth Jury Award - Special Mention: Sabiha Sumar
 2003: Nantes Three Continents Festival
 Audience Award: Sabiha Sumar
 Silver Montgolfiere: Sabiha Sumar
 2003: Karachi International Film Festival
 Special Jurors' Selection Ciepie
 Best Actress in a Leading Role: Kirron Kher
 Best Screenplay: Paromita Vohra

References

Pakistani movies
2004 movies
Punjabi-language movies
British Rail Class 302

The British Rail Class 302 (pre-TOPS AM2) was a type of electric multiple unit (EMU) introduced between 1958 - 1960 for outer suburban passenger services on the London, Tilbury and Southend Railway route. This class of multiple unit was constructed using the Mark 1 bodyshell and was slam door.

302
Gbangbatoke

Gbangbatoke is a small town in southern Sierra Leone. It is in the Moyamba District. The people of Gbangbatoke are mainly from the Mende ethnic group. The Mende language is the main language.

Two of Sierra Leone's important politicians, Sir Milton Margai and Sir Albert Margai were born in Gbangbatoke.

References

Towns in Africa
Sierra Leone
British Rail Class 303

The British Rail Class 303 is a type of electric multiple unit. They are also known as "Blue Train" units. They were introduced in 1960 for the electrification of the North Clyde and the Cathcart Circle lines in Strathclyde. At first they were classified as AM3 units before the introduction of the TOPS classification system. They were the dominant EMU on the Glasgow suburban railway network for over 25 years. The final units were withdrawn from service in 2002.

303
Transport in Scotland
British Rail Class 304

The British Rail Class 304 is a type of electric multiple unit. They were built for suburban use on the first phases of the West Coast Main Line electrification between Crewe and Manchester/Liverpool/Rugby. They were at first classed as AM4 units and later became Class 304 under the TOPS numbering system. They could be found in operation over most of the southern West Coast Main Line. The units conformed to the 1959-design for alternating current (AC) electrical multiple units, and were externally very similar to the Class 305, Class 308 and the 1,200 V direct current (DC) class  Class 504 units. No units survived preservation, and all units were eventually scrapped.

304
British Rail Class 305

The British Rail Class 305 was an alternating current (AC) electric multiple unit (EMU). Under the pre-1973 British Rail numbering system, the class was known as AM5. When TOPS as introduced, the class became Class 305.

305
British Rail Class 312

The British Rail Class 312 is a type of alternating current (AC) electric multiple unit (EMU) built in 1966-1974 intended for use on outer-suburban passenger services. It was the last class of multiple unit to be constructed to the British Rail Mark 2 bodyshell, and also the last with slam doors. This latter feature contributed to their relatively early withdrawal (between 25–28 years old, compared to a life expectancy of 30 years). Ironically, the examples withdrawn by First Great Eastern and later 'one' Great Eastern between 2003 and 2004 were slightly newer than most of the carriages the operator is introducing during 2005 for use on its premier express service.

References 

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312
British Rail Class 314

British Rail Class 314 alternating current (AC) electric multiple units (EMU) were built by BREL at York works from 1978 to 1979. They were the second variety of British Rail's then-standard 1972 design for suburban EMUs, which eventually encompassed 755 vehicles and five Classes (Class 313/314/315/507/508). Able to operate from 25 kV overhead line current collection only, the fleet worked outer-suburban services on the Strathclyde Passenger Transport rail network in Central Scotland.

314
314
British Rail Class 315

British Rail Class 315 alternating current (AC) electric multiple units (EMU) were built by BREL at York works from 1980 to 1981. They were the fifth and final variety of British Rail's then-standard 1972 design for suburban EMUs, which eventually encompassed 755 vehicles and five Classes (Class 313/314/315/507/508). Like the Glasgow-based Class 314 units, they are only able to operate from 25 kV overhead line current collection. The fleet works inner-suburban services on the Great Eastern Main Line run by the train operating company TfL Rail out of London Liverpool Street. Class 315s also work services from Liverpool Street to Chingford, Enfield Town and Cheshunt operated by London Overground.

315
315
British Rail Class 317

The British Rail Class 317 electric multiple units were built by BREL at York Works in two batches, from 1981-82 and 1985-87.  They were the first of several classes of British Rail EMU to be based on the all-steel Mark 3 bodyshell, departing from the "PEP"-aluminium design which had spawned the earlier Class 313 to Class 315. The Mark 3 bodyshell was also the basis of Class 318, Class 455, and the diesel "sprinters" pioneered by the Class 150.

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Nehebkau

In Egyptian mythology, Nehebkau (also spelled Nehebu-Kau, and Neheb Ka) guarded the entrance to Duat, the Egyptian underworld. He was made up of Ka and Ba, the two parts of the soul. He is pictured as a snake with two heads. Atum was said to have to keep his finger on Nehebkau to keep him from being out of control. Since he was a snake, he was believed to heal those bitten by snakes and/or scorpions.

Egyptian mythology
Egyptian gods and goddesses
Ka

Ka is one of the five parts of the Egyptian idea of the soul. The Ka was the life force and left the body during death. Ka was believed to be in food and drink and was placed with the dead for offerings. The Egyptians believed that at death the Ba and the Ka join together through Nehebkau before entering Duat.

References 

Egyptian mythology

it:Anima (religione dell'antico Egitto)#Ka
British Rail Class 320

The British Rail Class 320 is an alternating current (AC) electric multiple unit (EMU) train found on the Strathclyde Partnership for Transport (SPT) rail network in Central Scotland, and is used exclusively on the North Clyde Line between Helensburgh and Airdrie, North Lanarkshire via Glasgow Queen Street railway station.

2010 Service 
What with the introduction of the class 380 dsiros for the Inverclyde line, the class 334s will be put to service on the Airdrie to Bathgate route, the class 320s will be split between the cathcart circle lines and the Argyll line, 14 of the 1990 built EMUs will be put to work on the Glasgow - Newton, Neilston and Cathcart Circle lines, while the remaining units shall work alongside the class 318s on the North Clyde/Argyll lines. This can not happen without, the class 320s bogies being upgraded, currently, they have a 75 mph top speed, in November 2010 the class will be driven under their own power to WABTEC Doncaster by GBRF drivers where they will be given a full refurbishment scheme which shall include new seats, toilets fitted, painting into the new scotrail saltire livery and their top speed raised to 90 mph.

320
320
Ba

Ba is one of the five parts of the spirit in Egyptian mythology. Ba is considered to be the soul. Ba is believed to have a unique personality based on the person who has it. The Ba was pictured as a bird that flew from the body to join with the Ka at death. A Ba was said to return to the sarcophagus if it was properly stored. In some stories, Bas sometimes act as guardians in the underworld.

Egyptian mythology

lt:Siela egiptiečių mitologijoje#Ba
fi:Egyptiläinen sielu#Ba
British Rail Class 321

The British Rail Class 321 alternating current (AC) electric multiple units (EMU) were built by BREL York in three batches from 1986–1989. The design was very successful and led to the development of the similar Class 320 and Class 322 units for use by Strathclyde PTE and Stansted Express (now used by  Greater Anglia) respectively. The bodyshell design was also used for construction of the Class 456 direct current (DC) units. The Class 321s were nicknamed 'Dusty Bins', due to the class number sharing the same name as the game show 3-2-1. (This name has also been given to the diesel multiple unit (DMU) Class 153 no. 153321 for the same reason).

Past operations 
Class 321s were originally built for the Bedford services. However, in 1990, they started being used on Great Eastern Main Line services to Southend Victoria, Braintree and Clacton, to replace the class 302 and 305 EMUs, many of which were approaching 50 years old. Some 321s (many of the 3214s) were sent to work inter-regional services for Silverlink, and then briefly for London Midland, primarily on Euston to Northampton/Milton Keynes/Tring services.

References 

321
321
High-speed rail

High-speed rail is a type of passenger rail transport that operates significantly faster than the normal rail traffic. Early Shinkansen trains had a top speed of , which is the world's first high-speed rail. Various definitions are used in different countries.

According to the European Union, high-speed trains must run at least  on existing lines, and at least  on newly built ones.

According to the United States Federal Railroad Administration, they should go above  but there is no single standard, and lower speeds can be required by local constraints.

As of 2020, speeds of  to  are common in regular operation.

References
InterCity 125

The InterCity 125 is the brand name of British Rail's High Speed Train (HST) fleet. The InterCity 125 train is made up of two locomotives, one at each end of a fixed formation of carriages, and is capable of 125 mph in regular service. British Rail initially used the fleet on the Great Western Main Line, on the East Coast Main Line, on the Cross Country Route and latterly on the Midland Main Line, serving destinations such as London, Bristol, Edinburgh, as far south as Penzance and as far north as Aberdeen and Inverness. The InterCity 125 took the world record for the fastest diesel-powered train, when it was recorded at an absolute maximum speed of  during 1987. From 2017, most have been replaced by the British Rail Class 800.

Gallery

References

British Rail diesel locomotives
BREL locomotives
Bo-Bo locomotives
British Rail diesel multiple units
High-speed trains
United Kingdom rolling stock
Mark 3
1976 establishments in the United Kingdom
Ancient Egyptian concept of the soul

The ancient Egyptians believed the soul was divided into five parts Ren, Ba, Ka, Sheut, and Ib.

Ib - Heart 
The Egyptians believed the heart held the emotions and thoughts. Believed to be weighed on the scales of Anubis by the feather of Maat. The Ib decided what your fate would be after death.

Sheut - Shadow 
Believed to be the shadow of the person. The Sheut was the essence of the person and the person could not exist with them nor could a person exist without their shadow.

Ren - Name 
Given at birth. A person was believed to live as long as their name lasted. Egyptians often went to great lengths to keep their names talked about and had them carved into monuments and surrounded by cartouche (magical rope).

Ba - Personality and Spirit 
Ba is considered the spirit. Ba is believed to have a unique personality based on the person who has it. The Ba was shown as a bird that flew from the body to unite with the Ka at death.

Ka - Life Force 
One of the five parts of the Egyptian idea of the soul. The Ka was thought of as the life force and left the body during death. Ka was believed to be in food and drink and was placed with the dead for offerings. Egyptian Mythology believes that at death the Ba and the Ka unite through Nehebkau before entering Duat.

Egyptian mythology
Purple Mountain Observatory

Purple Mountain Observatory is an observatory that uses telescopes to look at the stars for new objects in space.  It can be found on Purple Mountain in Nanjing, China.

Many asteroids were found at the observatory. Among the asteroids found are the Trojan asteroids 2223 Sarpedon, 2260 Neoptolemus, 2363 Cebriones, 2456 Palamedes, and 3494 Purple Mountain.

Observatories
Asteroid discoverers
Nanjing
British Rail Class 322

The British Rail Class 322 electric multiple units were built by BREL between 1988-90. Five 4-car units were built for the dedicated Stansted Express service from London Liverpool Street to Stansted Airport. The units are now operated by Greater Anglia.

322
322
British Rail Class 323

The British Rail Class 323 electric multiple units were built by Hunslet TPL from 1992-96. Forty-three 3-car units were built for inner-suburban services around Birmingham and Manchester. These trains were the last vehicles to be built by the struggling manufacturer Hunslet before it collapsed.

References 

323
Wrightwood, California

Wrightwood is a census-designated place in San Bernardino County, California. About 3,800 people lived in Wrightwood as of the year 2002. Wrightwood has an area of 5.7 square miles.

Census-designated places in California
Settlements in San Bernardino County, California
Slash Records

Slash Records is a record label in Los Angeles. It started out producing local punk rock bands.  The label was sold to London Records in 1986.

Notable artists
The Blasters
The BoDeans
Burning Spear
Dream Syndicate
Failure
Faith No More
Fear
Field Trip
GRADUATION DAY
Green on Red
Gun Club
Gun Bunnies
Imperial Teen
L7
Los Lobos
Plugz
Rammstein
Soul Coughing
Steel Pole Bath Tub
The Germs
Tribe
The Misfits
Violent Femmes
X

Related pages
List of record labels

American record labels
Companies based in Los Angeles
John Macarthur (wool pioneer)

John Macarthur (1766 – 11 April 1834) was a soldier, business man, politician and the man who started the Australian wool industry. His farmhouse, called Elizabeth Farm after his wife, is still standing in Parramatta, New South Wales, where it is open to the public as a historic house.

References

1766 births
1834 deaths
Lachlan Macquarie

Major-General Lachlan Macquaire CB (31 January 1762 – 1 July 1824)  was a British military officer and the fifth Governor of New South Wales from 1810 to 1821. 

Macquarie had a leading role in the social, economic and architectural development of Australia. Historians say he changed New South Wales from a penal colony to a free settlement. This was very important in making the future of Australian society.

Early life 
Macquarie was born on the island of Ulva, in the Inner Hebrides, Scotland. His father had a small farm at Oskamull on Mull. Macquarie's brother Donald, died as a prisoner of war during the American Revolution. Macquarie joined the army, the Royal Highland Emigrants. He was sent to Nova Scotia in 1776, and later served at New York and Charleston. In 1781 he became a Lieutenant and went to Jamaica for three years. He went back to Scotland, for a few years on half pay. He then joined the 77th Regiment and went to India.

Governor
He was ordered to arrest John Macarthur and George Johnston who were the leaders of the Rum Rebellion but they had already sailed to England before he got to Australia. There was a large increase in the number of convicts sent to Australia while Macquaire was governor. He used the extra convicts to build roads, building, and towns. He gave tickets of leave to well behaved convicts. This caused him problems with the free settlers, people who had not been convicts. They thought they should have special rights, and that the convicts should not be seen as their equals. They made many complaints about Macquarie's government back to their friends in England.

Clashes between the settlers and the Aboriginal people increased. Macquarie believed that the best way to treat Aboriginal people was to civilise them. That meant replacing their traditional way of life with European ways. He set up a school for children but most left or went back to their families after a short time. He tried to make a small town to teach the Aborigines how to farm and build houses. He made laws to place Aborigines under British control.

Macquarie resigned at the end of 1821 because of poor health and the difficulty of the job. He served longer than any other governor. When he left 265 major works had been completed, including new army barracks, three convict barracks, roads to Parramatta, a road across the Blue Mountains, stables, a hospital and five towns along the Hawkesbury River, which were out of reach of floodwaters.

Return to Britain
In 1822 and 1823 Macquarie took his family on a holiday to France, Italy and Switzerland. In 1824 he went back to live in his house on Mull. In April 1824 he died in London from a bladder and kidney infection. His body was sent back to his home for burial. His grave is now looked after by the National Trust of Australia.

References 

1762 births
1824 deaths
Governors of New South Wales
British Army officers
She Wants You

"She Wants You" is a single by English singer and actress Billie Piper. The single reached #3 in the UK becoming her third top three hit in a row.

Track listing

CD single 1
(SINDXX6; Released 1998)
"She Wants You" (Album version) – 3:38
"It Takes Two" – 3:50
"Last Christmas" – 4:59

CD single 2
(SINDX6; Released 1998)
"She Wants You" (Album version) – 3:38
"She Wants You" (Erick Morillo Double Platinum Vocal mix) – 6:21
"She Wants You" (Cevin Fisher Instinctive Club mix) 
"She Wants You" music video

References

1999 songs
Billie Piper songs
Pop songs
Honey to the Bee

"Honey to the Bee" is a single by Billie Piper released in 1999. It got to #3 in the UK singles chart. In January 2007, the song was used by Radio 1 DJ Chris Moyles as part of an experiment to test out the new British singles chart rules that came into effect that month, which prompted the song to rise up the iTunes music charts, and reached number 17 in the singles chart on 21 January 2007 and number 11 in the download chart.

Track listing

CD single 1
(SINCD8; Released )
"Honey to the Bee" (Radio edit) – 3:59
"Call Me" – 3:58
"What's Missing" – 3:46

CD single 2
(SINDX8; Released )
"Honey to the Bee" (Radio edit) – 3:59
"Honey to the Bee" (Acoustic version) – 4:24
"Honey to the Bee" (Delakota mix) – 5:00
"Honey to the Bee" music video

References 

1999 songs
Billie Piper songs
Pop songs
British Rail Class 325

The British Rail Class 325 is a dual-voltage alternating current (AC) electric multiple unit (EMU) train used for postal train services. Their cabs look similar to the Class 365 and Class 465 Networker units built around the same time. The Class 325 was British Rail's newest unit to take over parcels working on electrified lines.

325
325
Non-passenger multiple units
British Rail Class 332

The British Rail Class 332 (originally Class 331) was  electric multiple unit passenger trains used on the Heathrow Express. These trains went from London Paddington station to Heathrow Airport. There were 14 trains which had four or five carriages each. They were built in 1998 by CAF with traction equipment supplied by Siemens Transportation Systems at a factory in Zaragoza, Spain.

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British Rail Class 333

The British Rail Class 333 electric multiple units were built by CAF with traction equipment supplied by Siemens Transportation Systems and are based on the Class 332 trains.

333
British Rail Class 334

The British Rail Class 334 is a suburban electric multiple unit built by the train maker Alstom in Birmingham. They are part of the Juniper family of trains along with Classes 458 and 460. They were built for SPT/Abellio ScotRail outer suburban services in Glasgow, UK. Their introduction saw the withdrawal of the last of Glasgow's old Class 303 "Blue Train" sets which had been in service since 1960.

History

Their introduction saw the withdrawal of the last of Glasgow's old Class 303 "Blue Train" trains which had been in service since 1960. Although delivered to Strathclyde in 1999-2002, they did not enter passenger service until 2001 due to a large number of problems (like other newly delivered Juniper trains) and technical issues which plagued the new units at their introduction. SPT had ordered 38 Juniper units originally, but two were added to the order as a goodwill gesture, because of these problems.

SPT purchased a total of 40 units, although only paying for 38 of the units (2 were given free, with the reason stated above) which can be seen in use daily across the SPT electric network. On the first running of the units, 334010 and 334020 ran to Gourock. Initially the units ran Ayrshire Coast Line and Inverclyde Line services but then become a common sight on the Argyle Line and North Clyde Line.

In December 2010, the Class 334s operated the Ayrshire Coast Line, Inverclyde Line, North Clyde Line and Argyle Line.

By June 2011 the class was substantially replaced by the Class 380 units on the Ayrshire Coast Line and Inverclyde lines, with only occasional units seen on those routes, to be refurbished.

Relivery and Refurbishment
In September 2008, the Scottish Government's agency Transport Scotland announced that all ScotRail trains (including from the Strathclyde Partnership for Transport) would be eventually repainted in a new, blue livery with white Saltire markings on the carriage ends. Class 334 re-livery began in November 2010 in preparation for the Airdrie to Bathgate reopening.

On 24 August 2011, ScotRail announced plans to refurbish all the fleet, with the project expected to start in November 2011 and take two years to complete. 334020 was the first to be properly refurbished at Kilmarnock's Brodie Rail Works. It was there for 3 months from 3 February 2012 to 2 May 2012. The last unit to receive a full refresh was 334006 which left Brodie Works on 8 November 2014.

From early 2015, an extensive overhaul will be carried out by Alstom to the entire fleet to improve passenger conditions, which will include the retrofitting of full air conditioning, at-seat charging points, provision for wi-fi, and reliability improvements to the doors. Additionally, a new CCTV system for Driver Only Operation will be installed.

References

334
British Rail Class 341 and 342

Class 341 and Class 342 were proposed electric multiple unit classes from the Networker series planned to operate new services on the UK rail network.

References

341