cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Movie adaptation

Adapting a movie is the transfer of a certain work or story, either in part or in whole, to a motion picture. 

Common forms of movie adaptation are using a novel as the basis of a motion picture. Other works that are adapted to motion pictures are comic books, plays, historical sources and other movies.

Several plays from William Shakespeare have been adapted into movies. Those include Hamlet, Othello and Romeo and Juliet. Examples of Hamlet on screen are the 1969, 1990 and 1996 movies. Examples for Romeo and Juliet being adapted under film include the 1936, 1968  and Romeo + Juliet (1996) movies.

Across Britain, where stage plays tend being more popular for entertainment than in the United States, many movies start off as stage productions. Examples of British and British-American motion pictures based on successful British plays include Gaslight (1940), Shirley Valentine (1989) and The Madness of King George (1994).

In similar, hit Broadway plays are often adapted under movies. Examples of Broadway plays adapted under movies are A Streetcar Named Desire (1951), Children of a Lesser God (1986), Glengarry Glen Ross (1992) and Real Women Have Curves (2002).

Movies are sometimes created from a television series. In some cases, the movie offers a longer storyline than the usual television program format. In the adaptation of The X-Files to the movie format, greater effects and a longer plotline were involved. Adaptations of television shows will give the viewers an opportunity of seeing that show's characters without broadcast restrictions. Such additions–explicit sexual content, profanity, nudity, drug use, adult themes or graphic violence–are only the shown adaptive addition. Movie versions of Miami Vice and South Park are examples of such motion pictures adapted off the related television programs.

Awards
Certain major movies' award programs present awards for adapted screenplays, different from those for original screenplays.

The adaptation of motion pictures
When movies' screenplays are original, they are also the sources for derivative works, like novels and plays. For example, certain movie studios will sell the rights of popular title to novel publishing companies.

Novelization builds up the characters and events happening for commercial reasons.

Examples of motion pictures adapted from novels are Fanny Hill (1748), Where the Truth Lies (2003), Delta of Venus (1977), Young Adam (1954), Blue Is the Warmest Colour (2013) and Emmanuelle (1974).

References

Movie industry
Burnie, Tasmania

Burnie (Palawa Kani: Mituwaynatji) is a small city in Tasmania, a state of Australia.

Cities in Tasmania
Kalash religion

The Kalash or Kalasha, are an ethnic group found in the Hindu Kush mountain range in the Chitral district of the North-West Frontier Province of Pakistan. The total population of Kalash religious people ranges from 40,000 to 50,000. The culture of Kalash people is unique and differs drastically from the various ethnic groups surrounding them. They are polytheists and nature plays a highly significant and spiritual role in their daily life. As part of their religious tradition, sacrifices are offered and festivals held to give thanks for the abundant resources of their three valleys. Kalash mythology and folklore has been compared to that of ancient Greece, but they are much closer to Indo-Iranian (Vedic and pre-Zoroastrian) traditions.

The Kalasha observe many festivals in a year, their major festivals are:

 Joshi, celebrated in May to welcome the spring
 Uchaw, observed in late August to ensure good crops of wheat
 Pul/Poh, observed September, only in the Birir Valley
 Chaumos, observed in December for more than two weeks, it is the grand festival of the Kalasha tribe and it is celebrated to welcome New Year

References

Religion
Asian culture
Sexual objectification

Sexually objectifying a person means to view them like things for sexual desire.

Both males and females can be sexually objectified, as can children and teenagers. Women and girls, however, are more likely victims of sexual objectification than men and boys. The concept of sexual objectification toward females is very important for certain feminist theories. The sexual objectification toward women and girls contributes to poor treatment against them and to gender inequality. A number of psychologists link sexual objectification under certain physical and mental health risks for women and girls.

Sexual objectification of women

The sexual objectification of women/girls has them being viewed like an object under male sexual desires, not as a whole person. Opinions differ, however, on which situations are objectionable. Many see the sexual objectifying of women/girls taking place with sexual portrayals involving them under art, media, advertising, pornography, prostitution and beauty contests.

There is also evidence showing that females are sometimes sexually objectified by other females.

Sexual objectification of Hispanic/Latina women
Hispanic or Latina females are more often sexually objectified under stereotypes (unfair generalisations) toward them. The American media often portray these women as more likely to perform casual sex with multiple partners. The same media portray these females as having curved shapes, large breasts, large buttocks, having a melodramatic (over-the-top) attitude or being feisty.

Sexual objectification of men

Women also sometimes see men as sex objects. This often happens in movies and in advertising. It also happens in certain television programs. Finally, erotic shows (such as a striptease), or pornography may reduce men to sex objects.

References

objectification
Controversies
The Magic Box (movie)

The Magic Box is a 1951 British biographical drama movie directed by John Boulting and starring Robert Donat, Margaret Johnston, Maria Schell, Janette Scott, Robert Beatty, Richard Attenborough, Basil Sydney, Bernard Miles, Glynis Johns, Sheila Sim, Peter Ustinov, Laurence Olivier, Michael Denison, William Hartnell, Margaret Rutherford, Maurice Colbourne, Ronald Culver.

Other websites
 
 

1951 drama movies
1950s biographical movies
British biographical movies
British drama movies
Movies directed by John Boulting
Manipur Ancient and Historical Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act, 1976

The Manipur Ancient and Historical Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act, 1976 is a legal act passed by the Government of Manipur, India. It aims at the protection and the preservation of the ancient and historical monuments and the archaeological sites and remains of Manipur. Presently, there are 51 protected monuments under the act. To incorporate and protect more sites and monuments of the state, this act was further amended in 1996 substituting 100 years by 75 years for classifying a monument eligible for protection.

Legislation
Manipur
Howling II: Your Sister Is a Werewolf

Howling II: Your Sister Is a Werewolf (also known as Howling II and Howling II: Stirba – Werewolf Bitch) is a 1985 American British Czech horror movie directed by Philippe Mora and was based on the 1979 novel of the same name by Gary Brandner and is the sequel to the 1981 movie The Howling. It stars Christopher Lee, Annie McEnroe, Reb Brown, Marsha Hunt, Sybil Danning, Jimmy Nail.

Other websites
 
 
 

1985 horror movies
1980s sequel movies
American horror movies
American sequel movies
British horror movies
Czech movies
Movies based on books
Movies directed by Philippe Mora
Mir Qasim

Mir Qasim (; died 8 May 1777) was the Nawab of Bengal from 1760 to 1763.

Year of birth unknown
1777 deaths
Festus, Missouri

Festus is a city just west of the Mississippi River in Jefferson County, Missouri. The 2020 United States Census found just over 12,000 people living in the city.

Festus and its nearby neighbor Crystal City are often called the "Twin Cities of Missouri".

The original name of the city was "Tanglefoot". It was planned by the name in 1878. The city's name was later changed to "Festus".

References

Cities in Missouri
Crystal City, Missouri

Crystal City is a city in Jefferson County, Missouri. It is on the Mississippi River. The 2020 United States Census showed about 4,700 people living in the city.

Crystal City and nearby Festus are called the "Twin Cities of Missouri".

The original name for Crystal City was New Detroit. In the 1860s, PPG Industries, then known as the Pittsburgh Plate Glass Company, opened a glass manufacturing plant. The city was renamed after the business.

References

Cities in Missouri
Lascivious behavior

Lascivious behavior, better known as lewdness, indecency or lechery, is sexual behavior or conduct that is called crude and offensive. It is also against certain and other standards of appropriate behavior.

The legal usage
Under American law, the word lascivious is a semi-technical term which means immoral sexual actions, words or thoughts. The term is often used under the legal description of criminal acts wherein certain forms of sexual activity are prohibited.

In the 2000s and after, the word was used for one of several adjectives describing pornography, solicitation for prostitution and indecent acts.

In American law mailing lascivious matter is prohibited thus:
Every obscene, lewd, lascivious, indecent, filthy or vile article, matter, thing, device, or substance ... [i]s declared to be nonmailable matter and shall not be conveyed in the mails or delivered from any post office or by any letter carrier.

References

United States law
Human sexuality
Surveying and Mapping (Amendment) Bill, 2020

A joint sitting of parliament on Wednesday 16th September, 2020 passed The Surveying and Mapping (Amendment) Bill, 2020. The Surveying and Mapping (Amendment) Bill, 2020 is targeted at preventing the printing, displaying, dissemination of or use of an incorrect and unofficial map of Pakistan.

According to the Surveying and Mapping (Amendment) Bill, 2020

Amendment of section 16 (6): No one can print, display, disseminate, use or circulate incorrect and unofficial version of map of Pakistan or any part of Pakistan in hard or digital form. All individuals’ firms, organizations or departments shall get their maps vetted and cleared from Survey of Pakistan before use, publication. dissemination or circulation.

Amendment of section 3 (3): Survey of Pakistan shall be technical department for all activities involving surveying, mapping, geographic information system or remote sensing and geospatial information technologies in the country.

Amendment of section 20 (vi): Any individual, firm, organization or department involved in printing, displaying, disseminating, using or circulating incorrect and unofficial version of map of Pakistan or any part of Pakistan in hard or digital form shall be liable to be imprisoned for a term which may extend up to five years or a fine of five million rupees or both.

References

Politics of Pakistan
2020 in Pakistan
Alstom

Alstom is a French company specialized in rail transport. It is based in Saint-Ouen-sur-Seine, France. It is one of the largest rail transport manufacturer in the world.

In 2021, the Group bought Bombardier Transportation company.

The company was founded in 1928.

References

Other websites 

 Official website

1920s establishments in France
1928 establishments in Europe
Rail transport in Europe
Companies of France
Surveying and Mapping Act

The Surveying and Mapping Act was assented to by the President of Pakistan in May 2014 after being passed by the  National Assembly in order to regulate geospatial data.

References

Politics of Pakistan
2010s in Pakistan
2014 in Asia
Stan Swamy

Stanislaus Lourduswamy (26 April 1937 – 5 July 2021), popularly known as Stan Swamy, was an Indian Roman Catholic priest. He was a member of the Jesuit order. He was known for his activism for human rights in India. Swamy was the oldest person to be accused of terrorism in India.

Swamy died of COVID-19 related problems at a Mumbai prison on 5 July 2021, aged 84.

References

1937 births
2021 deaths
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in India
Indian activists
Jesuits
Roman Catholic priests
Project Pegasus revelations

The Pegasus Project is an international investigative journalism effort to reveal spying abuses by many governments on journalists, opposition politicians, activists, business people and others using the private NSO Group's Pegasus spyware. 

In 2020, a list of over 50,000 phone numbers believed to belong to people known as "people of interest" by clients of the Israeli cyberarms firm NSO Group was leaked to Amnesty International and Forbidden Stories.

People spied on
This information was passed along to 17 media organisations under the umbrella name "The Pegasus Project". Over several months, over 80 journalists from The Guardian (UK), Le Monde and Radio France (France), Die Zeit, Süddeutsche Zeitung, WDR and NDR (Germany), The Washington Post and Frontline (United States), Haaretz (Israel), Aristegui Noticias and Proceso (Mexico), Knack and Le Soir (Belgium), The Wire (India), Daraj (Syria), Direkt36 (Hungary), and OCCRP investigated the spying abuses.

Some of the journalists and activists that were spied on were Jamal Khashoggi (who was assassinated in 2018), Loujain al-Hathloul and Stan Swamy (convicted Jesuit priest for terrorism).

References

July 2021 events
Magdaléna Vášáryová

Magdaléna Vášáryová (; also known as Magda Vášáryová ; born 26 August 1948) is a Slovak actress and politician. She was ambassador of Czechoslovakia in Austria from 1990 until 1993 and to Poland from 2000 until 2005.

She unsuccessfully ran of President of Slovakia in the 1999 presidential election. In 2006, she was elected to the National Council of the Slovak Republic for Slovak Democratic and Christian Union - Democratic Party.

References

Other websites

Profile as a 2006 election candidate  
 

1948 births
Living people
Slovakian actors
Slovakian politicians
Ambassadors
Loujain al-Hathloul

Loujain al-Hathloul ( Lujjayn al-Hadhlūl; born 31 July 1989) is a Saudi women's rights activist, socialite, and a former political prisoner. 

Al-Hathloul has been arrested and released many times for driving in Saudi Arabia, something that is illegal for women to do there.

In March 2019, PEN America announced that Nouf Abdulaziz, al-Hathloul, and Eman al-Nafjan would receive the 2019 PEN America/Barbey Freedom to Write Award. Al-Hathloul was named one of Time magazine's "100 Most Influential People of 2019". Al-Hathloul was nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize in 2019 and 2020. 

She was released from prison on 10 February 2021.

References

1989 births
Living people
Feminists
Socialites
Human rights activists
People from Jeddah
Blue Origin NS-16

NS-16 was a sub-orbital spaceflight mission operated by Blue Origin which flew on 20 July 2021. The mission was the sixteenth flight of the company's New Shepard spacecraft, and its first crewed flight. It carried into space American billionaire and Blue Origin founder Jeff Bezos, his brother Mark, pilot and Mercury 13 candidate Wally Funk and Dutch passenger Oliver Daemen. The flight began from Blue Origin's sub-orbital launch site in West Texas. 

NS-16 was the first human spaceflight from the U.S. state of Texas. On this flight Daemen and Funk, who were respectively 18 and 82 years old, became the youngest and oldest people to travel to space.

References

Private spaceflight
July 2021 events
New Shepard

New Shepard is a vertical-takeoff, vertical-landing (VTVL), crew-rated suborbital launch vehicle created by Blue Origin as a way to boost space tourism.

In 2021, the first fully automated spaceflight with civilian passengers, was launched with a New Shepard rocket.

The name New Shepard is named after the first American astronaut in space, Alan Shepard, one of the original NASA Mercury Seven astronauts.

History
Blue Origin planned its first crewed test flight - Blue Origin NS-16 - to occur in 2019, which was however delayed until 2021.

The first passenger flew on 20 July 2021 having purchased the seat at auction for $28 million; however, this auction passenger later dropped out and 18-year-old Oliver Daemen was selected to fly.

References

Rockets
Mercury Seven

The Mercury Seven were the group of seven astronauts selected to fly spacecraft for Project Mercury. They are also known as the Original Seven and Astronaut Group 1.

Their names were publicly announced by NASA on April 9, 1959.  These seven original American astronauts were Scott Carpenter, Gordon Cooper, John Glenn, Gus Grissom, Wally Schirra, Alan Shepard, and Deke Slayton. 

All of the Mercury Seven eventually flew in space. They piloted the six spaceflights of the Mercury program that had an astronaut on board from May 1961 to May 1963, and members of the group flew on all of the NASA human spaceflight programs of the 20th century—Mercury, Gemini, Apollo, and the Space Shuttle.

References

NASA
Gordon Cooper

Leroy Gordon "Gordo" Cooper Jr. (March 6, 1927 – October 4, 2004) was an American aerospace engineer, test pilot, United States Air Force pilot, and the youngest of the seven original astronauts in Project Mercury, the first human space program of the United States.

Cooper died at age 77 from heart failure at his home in Ventura, California, on October 4, 2004.

References

1927 births
2004 deaths
Deaths from heart failure
American astronauts
Scientists from Oklahoma
Pebble Beach, California

Pebble Beach is an unincorporated community on the Monterey Peninsula in Monterey County, California.

References

Unincorporated communities in California
Settlements in Monterey County, California
Wally Schirra

Walter Marty Schirra Jr. (, March 12, 1923 – May 3, 2007) was an American naval aviator, test pilot, and NASA astronaut. In 1959, he became one of the original seven astronauts chosen for Project Mercury.

In October 1968, he commanded Apollo 7, an 11-day low Earth orbit shakedown test of the three-man Apollo Command/Service Module and the first crewed launch for the Apollo program.

Schirra died on May 3, 2007, of a heart attack caused by stomach cancer in San Diego, California. He was 84 years old.

References

1923 births
2007 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Deaths from stomach cancer
American astronauts
Scientists from New Jersey
People from Hackensack, New Jersey
Forced Labour Convention

Forced Labour Convention is one of the eight ILO conventions. It was adopted in Geneva 28 June 1930 and was entered in force on 1 May 1932.
1930
Treaties
James McEachin

James McEachin (May 20, 1930 – January 23, 2022) is an American former actor and author. He was born in Rennert, North Carolina and was raised in Hackensack, New Jersey. His career lasted from 1966 until 2007. He is known for his military service during the Korean War.

References

Other websites
 

1930 births
Living people
American military personnel of the Korean War
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
American stage actors
Actors from North Carolina
Actors from New Jersey
Writers from North Carolina
Writers from New Jersey
People from Hackensack, New Jersey
Rennert, North Carolina

Rennert is a town in Robeson County, North Carolina, United States. The population was 383 at the 2010 census.

References

Towns in North Carolina
Philip Carey

Philip Carey (born Eugene Joseph Carey, July 15, 1925February 6, 2009) was an American actor. He was born in Hackensack, New Jersey. His career lasted from 1951 until 2008. He was known for his role as Asa Buchanan in the soap opera One Life to Live.

Carey died on February 6, 2009 in New York City from lung cancer, aged 83.

References

1925 births
2009 deaths
Deaths from lung cancer
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American voice actors
Actors from New Jersey
Actors from New York City
People from Hackensack, New Jersey
Malverne, New York

Malverne is a village in the town of Hempstead in Nassau County, New York, United States. The population was 8,514 at the 2010 census.

References

Villages in New York
Deke Slayton

Donald Kent "Deke" Slayton (March 1, 1924 – June 13, 1993) was a United States Air Force  pilot, aeronautical engineer, and test pilot who was selected as one of the original NASA Mercury Seven astronauts.  He went on to become NASA's first Chief of the Astronaut Office and Director of Flight Crew Operations.

Slayton died on June 13, 1993 in League City, Texas from brain cancer, aged 69.

References

1924 births
1993 deaths
Deaths from brain cancer
American astronauts
Scientists from Wisconsin
Clear Lake Shores, Texas

Clear Lake Shores is a city in Galveston County, Texas, within the Houston–Sugar Land–Baytown metropolitan area. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 1,063.

References

Cities in Texas
Hitchcock, Texas

Hitchcock is a city in Galveston County, Texas, United States. The population was 6,961 at the 2010 census.

References

Cities in Texas
Jamaica Beach, Texas

Jamaica Beach is a city in Galveston County, Texas,  United States on Galveston Island. As of the 2010 census, the city's population was 983. The city is bordered by Galveston to the east and west, the east bay on the north and the Gulf of Mexico to the south.

References

Cities in Texas
Seabrook, Texas

Seabrook is a city in Harris County in the U.S. state of Texas, with some parts in Chambers County. The population was 11,952 at the 2010 U.S. census.

References

Cities in Texas
Galveston Island

Galveston Island ( ) is an island on the Texas Gulf Coast in the United States, about  southeast of Houston. The entire island, except for Jamaica Beach, is within the city limits of the City of Galveston in Galveston County.

Other websites
 Galveston Island Convention & Visitors Bureau
 Galveston Island State Park

Islands of the United States
Settlements in Texas
Françoise Arnoul

Françoise Arnoul (born Françoise Annette Marie Mathilde Gautsch; 3 June 1931 – 20 July 2021) was an Algerian-born French actress. She was popular during the 1950s. Arnoul was born in Constantine, Algeria. She was known for her roles in Forbidden Fruit (1952), French Cancan (1954), Testament of Orpheus (1960) and Le Diable et les dix commandements (1962).

Arnoul died on 20 July 2021 in Paris from problems caused by Alzheimer's disease, aged 90.

References

Other websites
 

1931 births
2021 deaths
Deaths from Alzheimer's disease
French movie actors
French television actors
French stage actors
Algerian actors
Actors from Paris
Rorschach test

The Rorschach test is a psychological test in a form of inkblots on the cards. It is still used. It was named after Swiss psychologist Hermann Rorschach. 

The test determines the state of patients and their problems.

History 
Hermann Rorschach was not the first who invented this method. Interpretation of inkblots was used in the game Gobolink from the late 19th century. In Europe such games were known as kleksography.   

Then Alfred Binet appeared. He first used it for psychological research. It determined the work of the imagination and consciousness.            

In 1921, Rorschach wrote his the main book Psychodiagnostik where he was described the test.            

Also Austrian psychologist SIgmund Freud showed how psychic expressions of the individual (in speech, dreams, and so on) could be read as signs pointing to unconscious processes. These processes were significant for a fuller and deeper understanding  of his personality. Finally, Freud stressed the very earliest experiences of the child in the family as of primary significance in the moulding of personality.            

Similar tests have been devised by American psychologist Wayne H. Holtzman.            

Later the test began to be used in all sorts of speculative ways. Researchers gave the test to Nazi criminals during Nuremberg Trials hoping to find out the psychological roots of mass murder.

Method 
Rorschach showed inkblots to many  people with the same question: "What might this be?". It showed how people approached the task.  It showed also a different perception of people. Some people saw the movement on the pictures, some not.  

Usually inkblots pictures are shown secretly to make the patients' responses spontaneous.

In mass culture 
Rorschach test is used in many films, TV series, books, comics.

 One of the main character in comic book Watchmen is named after Rorschach. Rorschach also passed the Rorschach test.  
Andy Warhol created Rorschach Paintings displayed in the Baltimore Museum of Art.

Related pages 

 Hermann Rorschach
 Alfred Binet
 Kleksography
Pareidolia

References 
Psychology
Tests
Flag of Kernow

The Celtic flag of Kernow is a white cross, called the Saint Piran's Cross, on a black background.

Kernow
Cornwall
Saint Piran's Cross

The Saint Piran's Cross,  also called the Cross of Saint Piran, is a white cross on a black background. After the middle ages, it became associated with Saint Piran. The earliest known description of the flag as the Standard of Cornwall was written in 1838. It is used by some Cornish people as a symbol of their identity.

The flag is attributed to Saint Piran, a 5th-century Cornish abbot. One early use of a white cross and black background design is the 15th-century coat of arms of the Saint-Peran family.

Gallery

Related pages 
 Cornish flag

References

Flags
Jimmy Workman

James Christopher Workman (born October 4, 1980) is a retired American child actor whose roles include Pugsley Addams in The Addams Family and Addams Family Values. He is the older brother of Ariel Winter.

Other websites

1980 births
Living people
People from Fairfax, Virginia
Actors from Virginia
Carel Struycken

Carel Struycken (born 30 July, 1948) is a Dutch film, television and stage actor. He is known for playing The Giant in the television series Twin Peaks (1990-1991, 2017), the occasional guest role as Mr. Homn in Star Trek: The Next Generation (1987-1992), and the household butler Lurch in the three 1990s Addams Family films. He also appeared in the films Gerald's Game (2017) and Doctor Sleep (2019).

Other websites

1948 births
Living people
British Indian passport

The British Indian passport was a passport, proof of national status and travel document issued to British subjects of the British Indian Empire, British subjects from other parts of the British Empire, and the subjects of the British protected states in the Indian subcontinent (i. e. the British Protected Persons of the 'princely states'). The title of the state used in the passport was the "Indian Empire", which covered all of India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Burma.

The use of the passport was discontinued after the independence of India and Pakistan in 1947, and its bearers were entitled to opt for Indian, Pakistani or British nationality.

Pre-1947 History 

The use of passports was introduced to the British Raj after the First World War.

The Indian Passport Act of 1920 required the use of passports, established controls on the foreign travel of Indians, and foreigners travelling to and within the Presidencies and Provinces of British India. The passport was based on the format agreed upon by the 1920 League of Nations International Conference on Passports.

Related pages
Indian passport
Pakistani passport
Indian nationality law
Pakistani nationality law

References

Other websites

 
History of Pakistan
History of India
Indian passport

An Indian passport is issued by the Indian Ministry of External Affairs (India) to Indian citizens for the purpose of international travel. It enables the bearer to travel internationally and serves as proof of Indian citizenship as per the Passports Act (1967).

Physical appearance 

Contemporary ordinary Indian passports have deep bluish cover with golden coloured printing. The Emblem of India is emblazoned in the centre of the front cover. The words "भारत गणराज्य" in Devanagari and "Republic of India"  are inscribed below the Emblem whereas "पासपोर्ट" in Devanagari and "Passport" in English are inscribed above the emblem. 

India
Law
Nationality
Rights
Republic Day (India)

Republic Day is a national holiday in India, when the country marks and celebrates the date on which the Constitution of India came into effect on 26, January 1950, replacing the Government of India Act (1935) as the governing document of India and thus, turning the nation into a newly formed republic. The day also marks the transition of India from an autonomous Commonwealth realm with British Monarch as nominal head of the Indian Dominion, to a fully sovereign Commonwealth republic with the President of India as the nominal head of the Indian Union.

References 

January events
British India
Indian culture
History of India
Holidays
Indian independence movement
Politics of India
Religions of India

Religions of India is characterised by a diversity of various religious beliefs and numerous practices. The most popular religion in India is Hinduism, and the second most popular religion is Islam. The religions of Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism, and Jainism began in India.

References

Religion in India
Official languages of India

There is no national language in India.  There are various official languages in India at the state/territory level. However, 343(1) of the Indian constitution specifically mentions that, "The official language of the Union shall be Hindi in Devanagari script. The form of numerals to be used for the official purposes of the Union shall be the international form of Indian numerals." The business in Indian parliament can only be transacted in Hindi or in English. English is allowed to be used in official purposes such as parliamentary proceedings, judiciary, communications between the Central Government and a State Government.

References
Bangladeshi passport

After the so-called Pakistan Civil War (1971), Act Number 9 of 1973 (called The Bangladesh Passport Order, 1973) which was signed into effect by the President of the People's Republic of Bangladesh, on 8 February 1973, this led to the creation and issuing of the first passport of a newly separatist Bangladesh. These passport booklets were traditional, handwritten or manual, passports and were compliant with the relevant international laws and regulations in force at the time. Subsequently, additional laws were enacted in Bangladesh in the years that followed to improve the passport application process; enforce the ineligibility to hold multiple valid Bangladeshi passports; citizenship requirement for a passport; etc. Since 1972 a special passport, also known as the India-Bangladesh Special Passport, used to be issued to Bangladeshi citizens and Indian nationals resident in West Bengal State and the North-Eastern States of India only.

Physical appearance

Bangladeshi passport covers are dark green, with the Seal of the Government of Bangladesh emblazoned in gold in the centre of the front cover. The word "পাসপোর্ট" (Bengali) and "Passport" (English) are inscribed above the Seal. Below the Seal "গণপ্রজাতন্ত্রী বাংলাদেশ" (Bengali); "People's Republic of Bangladesh" (English); and the international e-passport symbol () are inscribed.

References

 
Law
Nationality
Rights
Christopher Hart (actor)

Christopher Hart (born February 22, 1961) is a Canadian actor and magician whose roles include Thing, the disembodied hand, in the 1991, 1993 and 1998 movies The Addams Family, Addams Family Values, and Addams Family Reunion.

Other websites

1961 births
Living people
Actors from British Columbia
Dangerous goods

Dangerous goods (DG in short) are substances that when transported pose risk to health, safety, property and the environment. Certain dangerous goods pose risk even when not being transported. These are known as hazardous materials (HAZMAT or hazmat for short).

Hazardous material is often subject under chemical regulations. Examples of dangerous goods are biological hazards, flammable, explosive material, corrosive substances and allergens.

The packing groups

Packing groups are used for the purpose of determining the degree of protective packaging required for dangerous goods during transportation.
 Group I: great danger, and most protective packaging required. Some combinations of different classes of dangerous goods on the same vehicle or in the same container are forbidden if one of the goods is Group I.
 Group II: medium danger
 Group III: minor danger among regulated goods, and least protective packaging within the transportation requirement

The training
Permit cards or licenses that are used with hazmat training must be shown if requested by officials.

By country/region

Canada
The transportation of dangerous goods (hazardous material) in Canada by road is normally a province jurisdiction. The federal government in Canada have jurisdiction over air, most marine and most rail transport. The federal government acting centrally created the federal transportation of dangerous goods and regulations. Creation of the federal regulations was coordinated under Transport Canada. The hazard classification is based under the UN model.

Europe
The European Union passed several directives and regulations. They did so for avoiding wide-spreading and for restricting the use of hazardous substances. The most important ones were the Restriction of Hazardous Substances Directive and the Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals.

The European law clearly tells the difference between the law of dangerous goods and the law of hazardous material. The earlier refers mainly to the transport of the respective goods. That includes interim storage, if caused by the transport. The latter refers to requirements of storage (which would include the warehousing) and usage of hazardous materials. The difference is very important, because different directives and orders of European law are applied.

The United States
For reasons involving increases in terrorism just after the September 11 attacks in 2001, funding for greater hazmat-handling went up across the United States. It was recognized that flammable, poisonous and explosive material could be used for further terrorist attacks.

The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulates hazardous materials, for they may impact a community and an environment.

References

Materials
Explosives
White-black tree frog

Carrizo's tree frog, the Paku Khara tree frog, or white-black tree frog (Boana albonigra) is a frog that lives in the Andes mountains, in Brazil, Peru, and Argentina.  Further north, people have seen it between  1650 and 3416 meters above sea level. Further south, people have seen it between 500 and 1640 meters above sea level.

References

Frogs
Animals of South America
Caracol, Nord-Est

Caracol, Nord Est, also known as Trou Du Nord is part of Haiti's well known area for  Agriculture.  Its character strives for the benefits of what Family stands for. Hand in hand Lui'nion Fait La Force. Trou du Nord is regard and observed as the home centre  of Haiti's President Jovenel Moise who was born June 26 l968.  Jovenel Moise is a renown business man who joined Haiti's  presidential party of Tet Kate Kale. His  presidential party begun in Feb 7, 2017. His aspirations  started with the determination to bring Haiti's pep(people) together, to unify the country specifically from an economical structure since that's where Haiti needs to focus on. The main economical structure of Haiti's dependence from a foundational perspective on the stand of monetary needs is agriculture as stated before.  With any country whether home or abroad agriculture is what keeps a nation going.  Almost every " developed" countries  hides this simple truth because they have stolen from many of what is term uncolonized countries in order to fuel their countries.  Since they have stolen so much from Haiti what we see in the media as success from these " "developed" countries  are a result of their piracy.  In turn when we look at these " developed nations we see glamour, wealth, or what many of us would grasped as bling bling. Lets bear in mind these "developed" political nations does not partake in agriculture which is the foundation for any nations ability to strive and live. These "developed" nations replacement of agriculture is plastic food and lab made food. Their since of agriculture has been far removed from them. Haiti's s main focus is  agriculture a should any nation in order to excel.  If  it appears that haiti is not benefiting much from  "glamour's" life such as the " developed" nations are  know that is why.  when you  open that television remember you are watching thievery  masked as glamour; when any persons  travel abroad they see a much "refiner nation/s" as a result of such thievery. The  " undeveloped" nations are the reason for such glamour or thievery portrayed for the masses. Jovenel Moise, the president of Haiti represents a nation moving forward however little the progress is; as many of us know that its people is waking up from a system of souse peze for hundreds of years.  Indeed, the entire  globe has been rob by these "developed" countries and sadly Haiti was no exception. what set Haiti apart from other nations that has been robed by these" developed" nations is it is Luinion Fait La Force and that is the basis for  Jovenel Moise place in the Party of Tet Kale.  often we see and note that Haiti is one of the poorest country in the western Hemisphere, how can that be when Haiti is Haiti.  Haiti made its mark as the pearl of the globe after all.

Haiti
Agriculture
Pakistani passport

Pakistani passports () are passports issued by the Government of Pakistan to Pakistani citizens and nationals for the purpose of international travel. They are issued by the Directorate General of Immigration & Passports (DGIP) of the Ministry of Interior from regional passport offices and the Pakistani Embassies and Consulates. Since January 2014, Pakistani passports have validity for 5 and 10 years. Under national law, Pakistani passports are explicitly invalid for all travel to the State of Israel, and Pakistani nationals are likewise strictly barred from travelling to the Jewish state under all circumstances. Pakistan is the only country in the world that does not recognize Armenia as a state. In 2019 after an interview with WION, Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan has stated that Armenia supports India in the Kashmir conflict between India and Pakistan. Therefore travelling to Hayastan is not permitted there either.

Physical appearance 

Ordinary Pakistani passports have a deep green cover with golden-coloured content. The Emblem of Pakistan is emblazoned in the center of the front cover. The words 'Islamic Republic of Pakistan' (English) are inscribed above the emblem and '', '' and 'Passport' (English) are inscribed below the emblem.

Discontinued types 
Pakistan formerly issued a special Hajj passport to Pakistani nationals making an Islamic pilgrimage known as Hajj to Mecca, Saudi Arabia. These are no longer issued, and ordinary Pakistani passports may now be used for this purpose.

Passport holder identity 

 The opening cover end contains the following information:
 Photo of passport holder
 Type 'P'- stands for "Personal", 'D'- stands for "Diplomat", - S'- stands for "Service"
 Country Code
 Passport number 
 Surname
 Given name
 Nationality
 Date of birth 
 Citizenship number 
 Gender (Third Gender Inclusive)
 Place of birth
 Father name
 Date of issue 
 Date of expiry
Issuing authority
 Tracking number
 Booklet number
 1st page of regular booklet contains the note from President of Pakistan (mentioned later).
 2nd page mentions ANNOTATION on the top and contains the following
 Religion
 Previous passport number (if any)
 Signature of the passport holder
 3rd page declares that the passport is valid to travel to all countries of the world except Israel.

References 

Pakistan
Law
Nationality
Rights
John Franklin (actor)

John Franklin (born John Paul Salapatek; June 16, 1959) is an American actor, writer and former school teacher. He is best known for playing Isaac Chroner in Children of the Corn (1984) and Cousin Itt in The Addams Family. He was born John Paul Salapatek in Blue Island, Illinois, a southern suburb of Chicago on June 16, 1959. Franklin was born with dwarfism. As a result he is "barely 5 feet" and is about 152 centimeters tall.

Other websites

1959 births
Living people
Actors from Chicago
Kalani Hilliker

Kalani Brooke Hilliker  (born September 23, 2000) is an American dancer, fashion designer, model and actress. She became famous in 2013 on the Lifetime reality series Abby's Ultimate Dance Competition. Sne later appeared on Dance Moms. She was a regular cast member from 2014 to 2017.

Living people
actors from Arizona
American dancers
Models from Arizona
American fashion designers
People from Mesa, Arizona
Pakistan Zindabad, Azadi Paendabad

Pakistan Zindabad ( — ;  meaning, "Victory to Pakistan") and Azadi (Persian: آزادی - Āzādī), from Persian, meaning freedom or liberty. Paa-in-da-bad literally means "Last forever" is a slogan used by Pakistanis as an expression of victory or patriotism, often used in political speeches. Its use started even before the creation of Pakistan, during the later phase of the Pakistan Movement. The slogan became a battle cry and greeting for the Muslim League, which was struggling for an independent country for the Muslims of Southern Asia.

Etymology 
The slogan is a use of the standard Urdu and Persian suffix Zindabad (Long Live) that is placed after a person or a country name. It is used to express victory, patriotism or as a prayer. In literal translation, Pakistan Zindabad means "Long Live Pakistan"; it also is rendered as "Victory to Pakistan".

History 
On 14 August 1947, Muhammad Ali Jinnah's motorcade was welcomed by shouts of Pakistan Zindabad, Quaid-e-Azam Zindabad and flower petals all along his way from the Governor General's residence to the Constituent Assembly building and back, where he attended the Proclamation of Independence and a hoisting ceremony of the Pakistan flag.

Related pages
Pakistani nationalism

References

Battles
Shivaharkaray

Shivaharkaray or Karavipur is a Shakti Peeth of Hindu Goddess Durga, located near Parkai Railway Station, Karachi, Pakistan. It is one of the two Shakti Peethas in Pakistan, other being Hinglaj Mata Mandir Puranas describe that the three eyes (the third eye) of the Goddess fell here after she committed Sati. The Goddess is worshipped as Mahishasuramardini, or the slayer of the Demon Mahishasur. Her consort, the Hindu God Shiva, is worshipped in Ragi form as Krodhish, personification of anger. Shivaharkaray is third in the list of 51 Peethas identified in the Puranas.

Karachi
Lichess

Lichess is free and open-source Internet chess server. The chess server is run by a non-profit organization, which is also called Lichess. The Lichess chess server was created in 2010. In April 2021, the United States Chess Federation reviewed how Lichess deals with cheating in online chess. After this review, the US Chess Federation endorsed Lichess as a secure place to play chess for US Chess Federation members.

Titled Arenas
Lichess runs tournaments called Titled Arenas, in which only players who have a title are able to play. As of February 2021, World Chess Champion Magnus Carlsen has the most Titled Arena wins, with 15.

References

Chess
Websites
Baltimore Museum of Art

The Baltimore Museum of Art is an art museum in Baltimore, Maryland, United States. It was founded in 1914. 
Art museums in the United States
1914 establishments in the United States
Apis cerana indica

The Indian honey bee (Apis cerana indica), is a subspecies of Asiatic honey bee. It is one of the predominant bees found and domesticated in Southern Asia, particularly in Pakistan, and far as Thailand and mainland Asia. Relatively non-aggressive and rarely exhibiting swarming behaviour, it is ideal for beekeeping. It is considered as the “National Insect of Pakistan” respectively.

It is similar to the European honey bee (Apis mellifera), which tends to be slightly larger and can be easily distinguished.

Bees
National symbols of Pakistan
Animals of Pakistan
Unity, Faith, Discipline

Faith, Unity, Discipline () is the National motto of Pakistan. It is regarded as the guiding principle of Pakistan's nationhood.

Upon the formal Independence of Pakistan, it was introduced and adopted as the national motto by the country's founder Muhammad Ali Jinnah. It is inscribed in Urdu at the base of the state emblem.

Related pages
 National symbols of Pakistan

References

Mottos
National symbols of Pakistan
Pakistani culture
Himalayan salt

Himalayan salt is rock salt (halite) mined from the Punjab region of the Indus Valley Plains of Pakistan. The salt, which often has a pinkish tint due to trace minerals. Himalayan salt is mined from the Salt Range mountains, It is naturally considered as the “National Mineral of Pakistan” respectively.

It is also used to make "salt lamps" that radiate a pinkish or orangish hue, manufactured by placing a light source within the hollowed-out interior of a block of Himalayan salt. Claims that their use results in the release of ions that benefit health are without foundation.

Related pages
 Sea salt
 Table salt

References

Minerals
National symbols of Pakistan
Chemical compounds
Lena Raine

Lena Raine is a composer and producer who lives in Seattle. 

She has made music for many different video games, such as Minecraft, Chicory: A Colorful Tale, and Celeste.

Living people
Embassy of the United States, London

The Embassy of the United States of America in London is the head of diplomacy of the United States in the United Kingdom. It is the largest American embassy in Western Europe and the focal point for events relating to the United States held in the United Kingdom.

There has been an American person to represent the United States in London since John Adams in 1785.  The ambassador's home has been Winfield House since 1955. The main embassy building is in Nine Elms, Battersea, London, by the River Thames and has been opened to everyone since 13 December 2017, and was officially opened in January 2018. Before the embassy moved into the current building, the main building was in Grosvenor Square, Westminster, London.

References 

foreign relations of the United States
Government of the United States
Univision (Latin America)

Univision is a Latin American subscription television channel from Mexico and the United States. It is owned by Grupo Televisa and Univision Communications, It is operated through its subsidiary Televisa Networks. Broadcasts began on March 30, 2020.

History 
On January 21, 2020, it was announced that Univision Communications, in conjunction with Televisa Networks, plan to launch a channel based on Univision's signal, which will be available throughout Latin America. The signal will be operated by Televisa Networks, who will also be in charge of distribution and sales throughout the region. 

On Monday, March 30, 2020, the signal went on the air, completing 70% of Univision's original and simultaneous programming. The rest will be completed for Televisa's original content. The channel replaced Unicable throughout Latin America with the exception of Mexico.

On May 3, 2021, Univision entered DirecTV's offering on channel 760.

Programing 
 Despierta América
 Heridas de amor
 Tres veces Ana
 Las muñecas de la mafia
 Central de abasto
 Esperanza del corazón
 El gordo y la flaca
 La Rosa de Guadalupe
 Primer Impacto
 Noticiero Univisión Edicion Digital
 Noticiero Univisión
 Contacto Deportivo
 Noticiero Univisión Edición Nocturna
 Noticiero Univisión Fin de Semana
 Crónicas
 Al Punto
 Aquí y Ahora
 Sal y Pimienta
 Parodiando
 Dogma

Television channels
2020 establishments
Nut butter

A nut butter is a type of spread. It is made by grinding dry roasted nuts until the fat separates. Different nut butters have different textures and flavours.

Types 
Any nut can be used to make a nut butter. Here are some examples.

 Almond butter
 Brazil nut butter
 Cashew butter
 Chestnut butter
 Hazelnut butter
 Macademia nut butter
 Peanut butter
 Pecan butter
 Pine nut butter
 Pistachio butter
 Walnut butter

Some seeds with enough fat (e.g. from sunflowers, sesame, and pumpkins) are also used to make something similar.

References