cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Subliminal stimuli

Subliminal stimuli are sensations just "below the threshold" of a person's conscious perception. They may be designed to influence the mental processes or the behavior of the individual without beiing noticed.

A recent review of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies shows that subliminal stimuli activate certain parts of the brain, but the subjects do not notice the stimulus. Visual stimuli may be quickly flashed before an individual can process them, or flashed and then masked, thereby interrupting the processing. Audio stimuli may be played below audible volumes or masked by other stimuli.

Related pages 
Unconscious mind

References 

Psychology
Rodolfo Illanes

Rodolfo Illanes (19 August 1958 - 25 August 2016) was a Bolivian politician. In 2016 he was the deputy Interior Minister when he was kidnapped by striking miners. He had gone to meet with the miners at Pandura. The miners were demanding more mining, the right to work for private companies, and greater union representation. When talks between the government and the miners failed, Illanes was beaten to death by his kidnappers.

References

Deaths by beating
2016 deaths
Bolivian politicians
1958 births
Sonia Rykiel

Sonia Rykiel (25 May 1930 – 25 August 2016) was a French fashion designer and writer. She created the Poor Boy Sweater, which was featured on the cover of French Elle magazine. She was given the nickname "Queen of Knits" because of her knitwear designs. The Sonia Rykiel label began in 1968 when she opened her first store, making clothing, accessories and perfumes. Rykiel was also a writer and her first book was published in 1979. In 2012, Rykiel said she was suffering from Parkinson's disease. She died from complications of the disease on 25 August 2016.

References

1930 births
2016 deaths
French fashion designers
Eddy Silitonga

Eddy Silitonga (born Charles Edison Silitonga in Siantar, Sumatra, January 17, 1949 - died in Jakarta, August 25, 2016) was an Indonesian singer. He was known for his high-pitched voice. He won several song contests, including Champion Pop Singer in Medan and the Popular Song Festival held at Taman Ismail Marzuki in Jakarta. Silitonga won the first Minang Song Contest in 1983. He studied at Mapua Institute of Technology in the Philippines. He formed his own group, "Eddy's Group", which was at its peak in 1976 - 1979. He suffered from heart disease and diabetes.

Some of his popular songs included "Bunga Tanjong", "Lancang Kuning", "Bunga Pujaan", and "Jatuh Cinta".Some of his popular songs included "Bunga Tanjong", "Lancang Kuning", "Bunga Pujaan", and "Jatuh Cinta".

References

1949 births
2016 deaths
Indonesian singers
Rudy Van Gelder

Rudolph "Rudy" Van Gelder (November 2, 1924 – August 25, 2016) was an American recording engineer who specialized in jazz. 

He has been described as the most important recording engineer of jazz. Over a period of more than 50 years, Van Gelder recorded several thousand jazz sessions. Some of these recordings are recognized as classics. He recorded many of the great jazz musicians, including John Coltrane, Miles Davis, Thelonious Monk, Sonny Rollins, Art Blakey, Joe Henderson, Freddie Hubbard, Wayne Shorter, and Horace Silver. He worked with many record companies but was most closely associated with Blue Note Records.

References

2016 deaths
Engineers from New Jersey
Amnesic shellfish poisoning

Amnesic shellfish poisoning is an illness caused by poisoning with a particular toxin called domoic acid.

At times, some diatoms produce domoic acid in ocean water. Shellfish accumulate this poison, and when they are eaten by people, the people get poisoned. The symptoms may be very severe: they include permanent memory loss, brain damage, and vomiting.

This disease was discovered in 1987 in eastern Canada when many people got poisoned after eating shellfish in a restaurant. Several people died of this disease then.

Birds can get this disease too when they eat poisoned shellfish. Such birds lose the coordination ability, and may crash into car and house windows.

Scientists found that the incidents of this disease occur more frequently in the recent years.

In the United States it is illegal to catch and sell shellfish without a license. Caught shellfish have to be frequently tested. When this toxin is found in the shellfish, government bans fishing and selling it in the area.

In the UK, all shellfish caught for restaurants or sale to the public are put in clean water for at least two days before being brought to market. This is the standard way to protect from poisoning.

References 

Toxicology
Protista
Salak

Salak fruit is grown in southeast Asia. It has a spiky look and has a leathery rap and a nut shaped inside. You can eat it with a little sugar or salt or even make it into a helpful eye cream.

References

Other websites
https://migrationology.com/snake-fruit-salak/

Fruits
Reno (river)

The Reno () is a river of northeastern Italy that starts in the Northern Apennines mountain range in Tuscany but flows mainly through the Emilia-Romagna region. It is one of the longest river in Italy.

Geography
The Reno river has a length of , and a drainage basin with an area of approximately .

Course

The Reno river starts in the Apennines to the northwest of the city of Pistoia, Pistoia province (Tuscany). The Reno is formed by the confluence, at about  above sea level, of two streams: Reno di Prunetta (with its source at an altitude of ) and the Reno di Campolungo.

Its upper course, going to the west, marks the border between Tuscany and Emilia-Romagna. In this part, there are  several artificial reservoirs whose dams are used for hydro-electric energy production.

In Sant'Agostino, the river turns to the southwest and passes west of Bologna, at Casalecchio di Reno.
In its lower course the Reno receives the water of numerous streams, some of which are seasonal (they have water only when it rains)

The Reno was a tributary of the Po until the middle of the 18th century when the course was changed to avoid the frequent floods. It now joins the Adriatic Sea near Casalborsetti, south-east of the Valli di Comacchio, a lagoon in the commune of Comacchio.

The Reno flows through many municipalities; some of them in the lower course, in the Emilia-Romagna region, are:
 Province of Bologna
 Porretta Terme
 Vergato
 Marzabotto
 Sasso Marconi
 Casalecchio di Reno
 Bologna
 Province of Ferrara
 Cento
 Argenta
 Comacchio

Main tributaries 
The main tributaries of the Reno river are:

Left tributaries:
 Silla - 18 km
 Samoggia - 44 km

Right tributaries:
 Limentra di Sambuca- 19.4 km
 Eastern Limentra - 41 km
 Setta - 47 km
 Idice - 80 km
 Savena - 54 km, tributary of the Idice
 Sillaro- 66 km
 Santerno - 103 km, the most important by its length and its discharge of 16 m³/s (570 cu ft/s).
 Senio - 92

Gallery

Related pages
 List of rivers of Italy

References

Other websites

 Gruppo di Stude Pianura del Reno website 
 Biblioteca idraulica italiana 

Rivers of Italy
Fatih Terim

Fatih Terim (born 4 September 1953) is a Turkish football manager. He managed the Turkey national football team from 2013 to 2017.
He has been the manager of Galatasaray S.K. since 2017.

Club career statistics

References

1953 births
Living people
Turkish footballers
Turkish football managers
Galatasaray S.K. (football) managers
Agglutinative language

An agglutinative language is a type of language where words are made up of different types of morphemes to determine their meaning. What makes these languages different from others, is that if one removes the morphemes from the word, they will be able to stand on their own.

Examples

Chinook

a–č–i–m–l–ud–a: (future–he–him–thee–to–give–future): "He will give it to you"

Hungarian

szent: holy
szentség: holiness
szentségtelen: holinessless

Turkish

ev–ler–den: (home–plural–from): "from the houses"

List 

Below is a list of modern agglutinative languages:

 Algonquian languages, namely Cree and Blackfoot
 Athabaskan languages

 Austronesian languages
 Bantu languages (see Ganda)
 Berber languages
 Dravidian languages, most well-known of which are Tamil, Kannada, Telugu, Malayalam and Tulu
 Eskimo–Aleut languages, namely Aleut, Inuktitut, and Yupik
 Esperanto
 Igboid languages
 Japanese language
 Kartvelian languages
 Korean language
 many Tibeto-Burman languages
 many Uralic languages, namely Hungarian, Finnish and Sami languages
 Mongolic languages
 Muskogean languages
 Northeast and Northwest Caucasian languages
 Quechua languages and Aymara
 Siouan languages, namely Lakota and Yuchi
 some Mesoamerican and native North American languages including Nahuatl, Huastec, and Salish
 Tungusic languages
 Turkic languages
 Vasconic languages namely Basque, and the extinct Aquitanian
Somali language

References 

Languages
Suffocation (band)

Suffocation is an American technical death metal band from Centereach, New York, United States. The band members are Frank Mullen (vocalist), Terrance Hobbs and Charlie Errigo (both guitarisits), Eric Morotti (drummer) and Derek Boyer (bassist). Their 1991 album, Effigy of the Forgotten, created a blueprint for the genre for the 1990s. The band has a raw death metal style that uses growled vocals with a downtuned guitar sound, fast and complex guitar riffs and drumming, open chord notes, breakdowns, and a complex sense of songwriting. Decibel Magazine has stated that Suffocation's music completely influenced the creation of deathcore.

Discography

Members

Current members
 Frank Mullen – vocals (1988–1998, 2002–present; semi-retired since 2013)
 Terrance Hobbs – lead guitar (1988–1998, 2002–present)
 Derek Boyer – bass guitar (2004–present)
 Ricky Myers – vocals (2014–present)
 Charlie Errigo – rhythm guitar (2016–present)
 Eric Morotti– drums (2016–present)

Former members
 Mike Smith – drums (1988–1994, 2002–2012)
 Josh Barohn – bass (1988–1991, 2002–2004)
 Guy Marchais – rhythm guitar (1988–1990, 2002–2016)
 Doug Cerrito – rhythm guitar (1990–1998)
 Chris Richards – bass (1991–1998)
 Doug Bohn – drums (1994–1996)
 Dave Culross – drums (1996–1998, 2012–2014)
 Kevin Talley – drums (2014–2016)

Live members
 Bill Robinson – vocals (2012)
 John Gallagher – vocals (2013)

Timeline

References 

Musical groups established in 1988
Musical groups from New York
Steve Hickner

Steve Hickner is an American animator and director who directed Bee Movie and The Prince of Egypt.

References

American movie directors
American animators
Living people
Homologous series

In chemistry, a homologous series is a series of chemical compounds with the same general formula. Usually these compounds vary by a single parameter such as the length of a carbon chain. Examples of such series are the straight-chained alkanes (paraffins), and some of their derivatives (such as the primary alcohols, aldehydes, and (mono)carboxylic acids). 

Compounds within a homologous series typically have a fixed set of functional groups that gives them similar chemical and physical properties. For example, the series of primary straight-chained alcohols has an hydroxyl at the end of the carbon chain. These properties typically change gradually along the series, and the changes can often be explained by small differences in molecular size and mass.

References 

Organic chemistry
Canada men's national volleyball team

The Canada national volleyball team represents Canada in international volleyball competitions.

Honors 
 Pan American Games: Bronze medal (1979) - (1999) - (2015)

References 

Official website
FIVB profile

National volleyball teams
Sport in Canada
Czech Republic men's national volleyball team

The Czech Republic national volleyball team represents Czech Republic in international volleyball competitions.

Honors 
 Olympic Games: Bronze medal (1968) - Silver medal (1964)
 World Championship: Gold medal (1956 - 1966)
 European Championship: Gold medal (1948 - 1955 - 1958)

References 

Official website
FIVB profile

National volleyball teams
Sport in the Czech Republic
Egypt men's national volleyball team

The Egypt national volleyball team represents Egypt in international volleyball competitions.

Honors 
 African Championship: Gold medal (1976 - 1983 - 2005 - 2007 - 2009 - 2011 - 2013 - 2015)

References 
Official website
FIVB profile

National volleyball teams
Sport in Egypt
Tunisia men's national volleyball team

The Tunisia national volleyball team represents Tunisia in international volleyball competitions.

Honors 
 African Championship: Gold medal (1967 - 1971 - 1979 - 1987 - 1995 - 1997 - 1999 - 2003  - 2017 - 2019 - 2021)

References 
FTVB
FIVB profile

National volleyball teams
Sport in Tunisia
Shenandoah Valley

The Shenandoah Valley  (nicknamed  "The Big Valley" ) is a geographic valley and cultural region of western Virginia and the Eastern Panhandle of West Virginia in the United States. The valley is bounded on the east by the Blue Ridge Mountains. On the west it is bounded by the eastern front of the Appalachians. To the north it goes to the Potomac River and to the south by the James River. The cultural region covers a larger area that includes all of the valley plus the Virginia highlands to the west, and the Roanoke Valley to the south. The Valley is about  long. It is the home of two well-known universities, James Madison and Shenandoah University.

History 
For nearly 11,000 years before the Europeans came, Native Americans lived in the Shenandoah Valley. The first European to visit the area was probably a Jesuit priest in 1632. However, the first European credited with exploring the Valley was a German doctor named John Lederer in 1669. In the 1600s, Englishmen were told about the large forests which included chestnut trees as tall as .

Jackson's Valley Campaign Was fought here in 1862.

Geography
It is named for the river that stretches much of its length. The Shenandoah Valley has eight counties in Virginia and two counties in West Virginia.

Frederick County, Virginia
Clarke County, Virginia
Warren County, Virginia
Shenandoah County, Virginia
Page County, Virginia
Rockingham County, Virginia
Augusta County, Virginia
Rockbridge County, Virginia
Berkeley County, West Virginia
Jefferson County, West Virginia

The cultural region includes five more counties in Virginia:

Highland County
Bath County
Alleghany County
Botetourt County
Roanoke County

At Harpers Ferry the Shenandoah River joins the Potomac. The Valley's cultural region contains 10 independent cities:

Winchester
Harrisonburg
Waynesboro
Staunton
Lexington
Buena Vista
Covington
Roanoke
Salem

References

Other websites 
 Slide show of The Shenandoah Valley!!!; YouTube
 Shenandoah Valley in 1861: Prior to Yankee Invasion; YouTube

Valleys of the United States
Reductio ad Hitlerum

Reductio ad Hitlerum, also known as playing the Hitler card, is a logical fallacy described  by Leo Strauss, a philosopher, in 1951. It happens when someone compares their opponent's view with Hitler or something that he did.

It is a form of ad hominem, distracting from the argument by criticizing the opponent. It works because in the modern world, people think of Nazism as a bad thing.

During the 2016 US Presidential Election, Republican candidate Donald J. Trump has been repeatedly compared to Hitler by commentators and comedians.

An example is as follows:
 Person 1 suggests that X is true.
 Person 2 says that Hitler said that too, and so X is not true.

As person 2 has criticized the opponent as opposed to the argument by comparing them to Hitler without giving any reasons as to why X is not true, they have committed reductio ad Hitlerum.

References

Logical fallacies
Leo Strauss

Leo Strauss (September 20, 1899 – October 18, 1973) was a German-American political philosopher and classicist who became an expert on political philosophy. He was born in Germany to Jewish parents and later went to the United States. He spent most of his time as a teacher of political science at the University of Chicago, where he taught students and put into print 15 books.

He was particularly concerned with the idea of whether freedom and excellence could go together, but his ideas were criticised by Nicholas Xenos as wanting to go back to an era of fascism.

He was against the idea of a world state as he thought it would lead to tyranny.

References

1899 births
1973 deaths
20th-century American philosophers
American political scientists
Continental philosophers
German military personnel of World War I
20th-century German philosophers
Hebrew University of Jerusalem faculty
Jewish American academics
Jewish American scientists
Jewish American writers
Jewish German scientists
Jewish German writers
Jewish philosophers
Naturalized citizens of the United States
Refugees from Nazism
Writers from Hesse
Wachseldorn

Wachseldorn is a municipality in the administrative district of Thun in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.

References

Municipalities of Bern
Wahlern

Wahlern was a municipality in Bern in Switzerland. On 1 January 2011, Wahlern and Albligen joined together to become the new municipality, Schwarzenburg.

Former municipalities of Bern
Schwarzenburg

Schwarzenburg is a municipality in the administrative district of Bern-Mittelland in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.

It was created on 1 January 2011 through the merger of the municipalities of Wahlern and Albligen.

References

Other websites

  

2011 establishments in Switzerland
Municipalities of Bern
Mosen, Lucerne

Mosen was a municipality of the district Hochdorf in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland. Since 1 January 2009, it became part of the municipality of Hitzkirch.

Former municipalities of Lucerne
Müswangen

Müswangen is a former municipality of the district of Hochdorf in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland. Since 1 January 2009, it became part of the municipality of Hitzkirch.

Former municipalities of Lucerne
Brontallo

Brontallo is a village and former municipality of the district Vallemaggia in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.

On 4 April 2004 the former municipalities of Broglio, Brontallo, Fusio, Menzonio, Peccia and Prato-Sornico merged to form the new municipality of Lavizzara.

Villages in Ticino
Former municipalities of Ticino
Peccia

Peccia is one of six small Swiss municipalities that merged on 4 April 2004 to form the new municipality of Lavizzara, with about 1000 people. The other municipalities were Broglio, Brontallo, Fusio, Menzonio, and Prato-Sornico.

References 

Villages in Ticino
Former municipalities of Ticino
Web crawler

A web crawler or spider is a computer program that automatically fetches the contents of a web page. The program then analyses the content, for example to index it by certain search terms. Search engines commonly use web crawlers.

References

Web browsers
Per capita income

Per capita income or average income is the average amount of money a person gets in a year. It is found by dividing the amount of money in an area by the number of people living there.

Per capita income is often used to measure an area's average income. The currency used is often the euro or the US dollar as they are widely used international currencies.

It has been criticised for not accounting for inflation. This means that it overstates economic growth. It also means that a small number of wealthy people can increase the country's per capita income whilst the rest of the population experience no change. It does not account for the differences in the cost of living between countries.

References

Income
Economics
income
Sunnyvale, California

Sunnyvale is a city in the U.S. state of California. It is near San Francisco and San Jose. It is the seventh most populated city in the San Francisco Bay Area. As of the 2010 census, 140,095 people were living in Sunnyvale.

Cities in California
Cities in the San Francisco Bay Area
Settlements in Santa Clara County, California
Booby trap

A booby trap is a device or setup that is intended to kill, harm or surprise a person. It is usually triggered by the actions of the victim who did not know the booby trap was there. During the Vietnam War nearly 70% of American casualties were due to booby traps. In war, booby traps are a form of psychological warfare. They are designed to make soldiers slow down and be very cautious. As the word trap implies, they sometimes have some form of bait to attract the victim. At other times, the trap is set to act upon trespassers that come into personal or restricted areas. The device can be triggered when the victim performs some type of everyday action. For example opening a door, picking something up or switching something on. They can also be triggered by vehicles driving along a road such as an improvised explosive devices (IED's). Often booby traps are placed in a choke point where people or vehicles would normally move through. Lethal booby traps are often used in warfare, particularly guerrilla warfare. Traps designed to cause injury or pain are sometimes used by criminals wanting to protect drugs or other illicit property. They are also used some owners of legal property who wish to protect it from theft.

References

Other websites 
 Vietnam War booby traps
 Booby Trap - Designed to Kill and Destroy - History Documentary Film; YouTube

Weapons
San Pedro Department, Paraguay

The San Pedro department () is a department of Paraguay. The capital is the city of San Pedro de Ycuamandiyú. Its ISO 3166-2 code  is PY-02.

The name San Pedro ("Saint Peter") was given after its capital.

History
During the 17th and 18th centuries there was much problems with the people in the region. To help for the economic growth, three towns were started: San Estanislao (1749), Villa del Rosario (1786) and San Pedro de Ycuamandiyú (1786).

San Pedro, the second department of the country, was created by law in 1906, and had the territories of Itacurubí del Rosario, Santa Rosa del Aguaray, Tacuatí, Unión, Ygatimi and Curuguaty, as well as the area of the present Canindeyú department. Its limits were given  finally by the Law 426 of 26 December 1973.

Geography
The San Pedro department is in the north central part of the Oriental region. It has an area of , the largest of the Oriental region, with a population of 360,094 for a population density of .

Limits
 To the north: Concepción and Amambay departments.
 To the east: Amambay and Canindeyú departments.
 To the south: Caaguazú and Cordillera departments.
 To the west: Presidente Hayes department, separated by the Paraguay river.

Rivers
The main river in the department, and of Paraguay, is the Paraguay that makes the western border of the department.

Other rivers are the Jejuí Guazú,  long, and the Ypané,  long.

Climate
, the total amount of precipitation in the city of San Pedro de Ycuamandiyú was . The month with the most precipitation was April with  of precipitation. The month with the least precipitation was August with .

The average temperature for the year 2014 in San Pedro de Ycuamandiyú was . The warmest month, on average, was February with an average temperature of . The coolest month on average is July, with an average temperature of .

Districts
The department is divided in 20 districts:

Related pages
 Departments of Paraguay
 ISO 3166-2:PY

References

Other websites

 Gobernación de San Pedro website 
 Statoids - Departments of Paraguay

Departments of Paraguay
Jeju Island

This article is about the island itself.  For the province, see Jeju-do.  For the World Heritage Site, see Jeju Volcanic Island and Lava Tubes.
Jejudo (also known as Jeju Island) is the largest island off the coast of the Korean Peninsula. It is the main island of Jeju Province of South Korea.  The island lies in the Korea Strait, southwest of South Jeolla Province. The island contains the natural World Heritage Site Jeju Volcanic Island and Lava Tubes. The highest point in South Korea is the Island's dormant volcano, Hallasan, which stands  above sea level. Jejudo has a temperate climate. Even in winter, the temperature rarely falls below . The Island is a popular place for Korean newlyweds to honeymoon.

Jeju Island is 73 km wide from east to west and 31 km wide from north to south.  Most of Jeju Island is made out of volcanic rocks from the Holocene era.

First, the basalt lava erupted to make the Hallasan shield volcano about 2 million years ago.  Hallasan was still active into recorded history, but it is not active now.  Then this first layer of volcanic rock was covered up with sediment.  Then there was another set of eruptions, which made most of the rock on the surface of Jeju Island today.  In the third round of volcanic activity, Hallasan grew to its current, tall height, 1950 m.

References 

Islands of South Korea
World Heritage Sites in South Korea
Sinusitis

Sinusitis means infection or inflammation of the sinuses, which are air-filled spaces inside the bones of the face. There are many symptoms, including thick nasal mucus, a plugged nose, and pain in the face.

Reference 

Medical signs
Symptoms
Rain, Switzerland

Rain is a municipality of the district of Hochdorf in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

 Official website of Rain 

Municipalities of Lucerne
Retschwil

Retschwil is a former municipality, in the municipality of Hitzkirch and the district of Hochdorf in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland.

Other websites

Former municipalities of Lucerne
Colin Bean

Colin Bean (15 April 1926 – 20 June 2009) was an English actor. He was best known for his role as Private Sponge in the BBC comedy series Dad's Army. He appeared in 45 episodes between 1968 and 1977. He also had roles in Are You Being Served?, Hi-de-Hi! and Z Cars.

Bean was born in Wigan, Lancashire (now Greater Manchester). He died on 20 June 2009, aged 83.

References

Other websites
 

1926 births
2009 deaths
Actors from Greater Manchester
Actors from Lancashire
English movie actors
English radio actors
English television actors
Römerswil

Römerswil is a municipality of the district of Hochdorf in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland.

Since 2005, Herlisberg part of the municipality.

References

Other websites

 Official website 

Municipalities of Lucerne
Rothenburg, Lucerne

Rothenburg is a municipality of the district of Hochdorf in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

 Official website 

Municipalities of Lucerne
Schongau, Switzerland

Schongau is a municipality of the district of Hochdorf in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

 Official website 

Municipalities of Lucerne
Lucerne (district)

Lucerne is a former district of the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland. The capital was the city of Lucerne. On 1 January 2013 the district was divided into two districts, Lucerne-Stadt and Lucerne-Land.

It contains the following municipalities:

 Adligenswil
 Buchrain
 Dierikon
 Ebikon
 Gisikon
 Greppen
 Honau
 Horw
 Kriens
 Littau
 Lucerne
 Malters
 Meggen
 Meierskappel
 Root
 Schwarzenberg
 Udligenswil
 Vitznau
 Weggis

Former districts of Switzerland
Lucerne
2013 disestablishments in Switzerland
Frank Blas

Frank Flores Blas, Sr. (March 20, 1941 – August 1, 2016) was a Guamanian politician, businessman and member of the Republican Party of Guam. Blas served as the Lieutenant Governor of Guam from 1987 until 1995 under Governor Joseph Franklin Ada.

Biography

Early life
Blas was born on March 20, 1941, in Agana, now known as Hagåtña, Guam. He attended Father Dueñas Memorial School in Guam, and St. Augustine High School in San Diego, California. He received an associate's degree from the College of Guam in 1962. Blas graduated from the University of Portland with a Bachelor of Business Administration in 1965.

Blas and his first wife, Lydia Blas (died 1970), had two children, including Frank Blas Jr., a politician. In 1971, Blas married his second wife, Tina and had three children.

Career
Blas worked for the Mobil Petroleum Company of Guam from 1965 until 1969.

He was Director of the Department of Commerce of Guam from 1969 to 1972. Blas was elected to Legislature of Guam as a Senator from 1974 until 1984.

In 1982, with Republican Senator Kurt Moylan, Blas challenged the Republican Governor Paul McDonald Calvo in the primary election. Moylan and Blas were defeated in the primary vote. Governor Calvo lost to Democrat Ricardo Bordallo in the November 1982 general election.

On November 4, 1986, Joseph Franklin Ada, with Frank Blas, were elected Governor and Lieutenant Governor of Guam. Ada defeated the Governor Ricardo Bordallo by 2,581 votes (7.6%). Blas served as Lt. Governor under Ada for two terms from January 1987 until January 1995. Blas described his main role as a liaison between the Ada administration and members of the Legislature.

Ada could not seek re-election to a third term, so Blas joined with Simon Sanchez to stand for office. However, Blas and Sanchez lost the 1994 Republican primary election to Tommy Tanaka and Doris Brooks. Tanaka was defeated in the 1994 election by Democrat Carl Gutierrez and Madeleine Bordallo.

Blas left politics in January 1995. He owned Frank Blas & Associates, an insurance brokerage firm based in Barrigada, Guam. In 2003, Blas was appointed Chairman of the Antonio B. Won Pat Guam International Airport Authority, a government agency which operates the airport.

Frank Blas died on August 1, 2016, at the age of 75.

References

1941 births
2016 deaths
Lieutenant Governors of Guam
Dai Dower

David William "Dai" Dower MBE (20 June 1933 – 1 August 2016), was a British, Empire and European Flyweight boxing champion. He was one of the most successful Welsh boxers of all time. Dower also competed for Britain at the 1952 Summer Olympics.

References

Other websites
 Fight record
 British Boxing Web Site 
 
 Dai Dower on Pascual Perez world title fight BBC Sport

1933 births
2016 deaths
Boxers
Welsh sportspeople
Members of the Order of the British Empire
1952 Summer Olympics
Hurricane Hermine

Hurricane Hermine was a tropical cyclone in August and September 2016. It affected states from Florida to New England. The storm hit Florida on September 1, near the Big Bend region. Hermine had winds of 80 miles per hour at landfall. The storm also struck Georgia, South Carolina and North Carolina.

Hermine was expected to affect areas from Virginia to Massachusetts and Rhode Island.

At least two deaths were blamed on the storm.

References

2016 in the United States
August 2016 events
Hurricanes in the United States
September 2016 events
Jonathan Borwein

Jonathan Borwein (born 20 May 1951 - died 2 August 2016) was a Scottish mathematician. An expert in experimental mathematics, he published 388 journal articles, as well being a regular contributor to The Conversation and The Huffington Post. He held a number of important positions including Governor at large of the Mathematical Association of America (2004–07), President of the Canadian Mathematical Society (2000–02), Chair of the Canadian National Science Library Advisory Board (2000–2003) and Chair of the Scientific Advisory Committee of the Australian Mathematical Sciences Institute (AMSI). At the time of his death he held the position of Laureate Professor of Mathematics at the University of Newcastle, Australia, and was in Canada as a Distinguished Scholar in Residence at Western University in London, Ontario.

References

1951 births
2016 deaths
Scottish people
British mathematicians
Wald, Bern

Wald is a municipality in the administrative district of Bern-Mittelland in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.

On 1 January 2004, Englisberg and Zimmerwald joined together to become the new municipality, Wald.

Gallery

References

Other websites

 Official website 

Municipalities of Bern
Walkringen

Walkringen is a municipality in the administrative district of Bern-Mittelland in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

 Official website 

Municipalities of Bern
Walliswil bei Niederbipp

Walliswil bei Niederbipp is a municipality in the administrative district of Oberaargau in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.

References

Municipalities of Bern
Walliswil bei Wangen

Walliswil bei Wangen is a municipality of the administrative district Oberaargau of the canton of Berne in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

 Official Website 

Municipalities of Bern
Jamkaran

Jamkaran (; also Romanized as Jamkarān, Jamgarān, Jam-i-Karān, and Jam‘karān) is a village in Iran. It is on the outskirts of the city of Qom.

References 

Villages in Asia
Settlements in Iran
Post hoc fallacy

The post hoc fallacy means "after this, therefore because of this". Its Latin name is Post hoc ergo propter hoc. It is a logical fallacy. When event B happens after event A, a person might think  "event A must have caused event B".

Example: 
The rooster crows immediately before sunrise.
Therefore the rooster causes the Sun to rise.

It is a tempting error because sequence in time does sometimes suggest causality. When I press the light switch, the light comes on, and that is a cause and effect sequence. The difference is that it can be explained why the light comes on when the switch is pressed. On the other hand, no-one can explain why a rooster's crowing might affect the Sun.

Popular culture 
The phrase is used by the character Sheldon Cooper in the third season of The Big Bang Theory. Sheldon mentions the logical fallacy in disputing his mother's claim that her prayer group did ensure his safety during his North Pole expedition.

References

Logical fallacies
Tarn Taran Sahib

Taran Taran Sahib is a city of Punjab (India). This city was founded by 4th Sikh Guru, Guru Ramdas Ji.

Punjab, India
Cities in India
Gurmukhī alphabet

The Gurmukhī alphabet is used to write the Punjabi language. Gurmukhī is primarily used in Punjab, India. It is the official script in Punjab.

There are 35 native characters in Gurmukhi, In the 18th-19th century a new character family called Naveen Toli was added. This helps to pronounce and write Persian words with proper tone. 

The word Gurmukhi literally means "from the mouth of Guru".

Alphabets
Languages of India
Gionee

Gionee (Gionee Communication Equipment Co. Ltd.) is a Chinese smartphone manufacturer based in Shenzhen, Guangdong. They make the world's slimmest phone called Gionee Elife S5.1.  It is only 5.15mm thick. In August 2016, Gionee India introduced their plans to build a manufacturing plant in India.

Electronics companies of China
Bözberg

Bözberg is a municipality of the district Brugg in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.

On 1 January 2013 the former municipalities of Gallenkirch, Linn, Oberbözberg and Unterbözberg merged into the new municipality of Bözberg.

Gallery

References

Other websites

 Official Website 

Municipalities of Aargau
2013 establishments in Switzerland
Hans Schmidt

Hans B. Schmidt (1881 – February 18, 1916) was a German Roman Catholic priest. He was convicted of murder and he was the only priest to be executed in the United States.

Early life
Hans Schmidt was born in the Bavarian city of Aschaffenburg

References

Roman Catholic priests
1881 births
1916 deaths
German Roman Catholics
People from Bavaria
Zhanna Nemtsova

Zhanna Nemtsova (born 24 March 2016) is a Russian journalist and activist. She is the daughter of Boris Nemtsov, a Russian opposition politician who was killed in 2015.  In 2016, she received the International Women of Courage Award.

Work 

After Nemtsova's father was killed, Nemtsova moved to Germany.  In Germany, she started the Boris Nemtsov Foundation to work for democratic values in Russia. In Germany Nemtsova worked for the German news service Deutsche Welle.  She also wrote a book, Waking up Russia (in the original German,  Russland wachrütteln) about Russian politics. Nemtsova also wrote for The Guardian.

Other websites 

 2016 International Women of Courage Awards, U.S. State Department photostream on Flickr 
Secretary's International Women of Courage Award (U.S. Department of State)

References 
 

1984 births
Living people
Activists
Russian journalists
Russian people
Women who received the International Women of Courage Award
Fatimata M’baye

Fatimata M’baye (Arabic: فاطمتا أمباي ) is a Mauritanian lawyer and human rights activist. She started the Mauritanian Association for Human Rights. In 2016 she received an International Women of Courage Award.

Life 
M'baye studied law and economics at Nouakchott University from 1981 to 1985. She became the first woman lawyer in Mauritania.

Work 
M'baye takes the most difficult legal cases. She represented clients accused of apostasy. She also worked for a “committee of widows” whose husbands were murdered. M'baye helped write the 2007 anti-slavery law.  She got convictions for child exploitation and slavery. She was in prison many times, and received some threats to her life.

References

Other websites 

 2016 International Women of Courage Awards, U.S. State Department photostream on Flickr 
Secretary's International Women of Courage Award (U.S. Department of State)

1959 births
Living people
Human rights activists
Lawyers
Mauritanian people
Women who received the International Women of Courage Award
Women lawyers
Bernardo Rezende

Bernardo Rocha de Rezende known as Bernardinho (born August 25, 1959) is a Brazilian volleyball coach and former player. He is the current coach of both Brazil national volleyball team and the female volleyball team Rio de Janeiro Vôlei Clube. Rezende is the most successful coach in the history of volleyball, accumulating more than 30 major titles in twenty-year career directing the Brazilian male and female teams.

References

Other websites
 Coach profile

1959 births
Living people
Brazilian sportspeople
Volleyball coaches
Los Andes Province, Chile

Los Andes Province () is one of eight provinces of the central Chilean region of Valparaíso (V).

The city of Los Andes is the capital of the province.

Geography
The Los Andes province has an area of , the second largest province in the Valparaíso region after the Petorca province.

Los Andes is a landlocked province (it does not border the ocean) and is bordered on the west and north by the San Felipe de Aconcagua province, on the east by Argentina and on the south by the Santiago Metropolitan region.

Population
 (last national census), there were 91,683 people living in the province, giving it a population density of  inhabitants/km².

The largest city of the province is Los Andes, its capital, with a population, in 2002, of 60,198 inhabitants.

Administration
As a province, Los Andes is a second-level administrative division, consisting of four communes (comunas). The city of Los Andes serves as the provincial capital. The province is administered by a governor.

Related pages
 Provinces of Chile

References

Other websites
 Territorial division of Chile 
 Gobierno Regional de Valparaíso  Official website 
 Province of Los Andes website 

Provinces of Chile
Arakkal Museum

The Arrakkal Museum is a museum dedicated to the Arakkal family, the only Muslim royal family in Kerala, South India. The museum is actually a section of the Arakkalkettu(Arakkal Royal Palace). The durbar hall section of the palace has been converted into a museum by the Government of Kerala. It was opened in July 2005 after a Rs. 9,000,000 renovation.

Although renovated by the government, the Arakkalkettu is still owned by the Arakkal Royal Trust and does not fall under the control of the country's archaeology department, the Archaeological Survey of India. The government had taken a keen interest in preserving the heritage of the Arakkal Family, which had played a prominent role in the history of Malabar. A nominal entry fee is charged by the Arakkal Royal Trust from visitors to the museum.

Location 
The Arakkal Museum is in Ayikkara, next to the Kannur City. It is 2-3 kilometres from Kannur town.

References

Other websites

 Arakkal Kettu dedicated to the nation, The Hindu, 31 July 2005.
 An article
Museums in Manipur
Mount Kyllini

Mount Kyllini or Mount Cyllene , sometimes Ζήρια, is a mountain on the Peloponnese peninsula in Greece. It is famous for its association with the god Hermes. Mount Kyllini rises to  above sea level. This makes it the second highest point on the peninsula.  It is located near the border between the historic regions of Arcadia and Achaea—in the northeast of Arcadia. It is located west of Corinth, northwest of Stymfalia, north of Tripoli, and south of Derveni.

Much of the mountain is desolate and rocky. The area below  is largely forested.  There is an observatory at , at 22.67 east longitude and 37.97 north latitude. Roads pass near the southern and western slopes, but there are not many on the mountain itself, as much of the mountain is part of a park.

References 

Mountains of Greece
Walperswil

Walperswil is a municipality in the administrative district of Seeland in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

 Official Website 

Municipalities of Bern
2018 FIFA World Cup qualification – UEFA Group C

The 2018 FIFA World Cup qualification UEFA Group C was one of the nine UEFA groups for 2018 FIFA World Cup qualification. The group was made up of six teams: Germany, Czech Republic, Northern Ireland, Norway, Azerbaijan, and San Marino. Germany won the group and qualified for the world cup, while Northern Ireland finished 2nd and moved on to the second round.

Table

Goalscorers

5 goals

 Thomas Müller
 Sandro Wagner
 Joshua King

4 goals

 Michal Krmenčík

3 goals

 Afran Ismayilov
 Antonín Barák
 Vladimír Darida
 Julian Draxler
 Serge Gnabry
 Leon Goretzka
 Timo Werner
 Kyle Lafferty
 Josh Magennis
 Mohamed Elyounoussi

2 goals

 Theodor Gebre Selassie
 Jan Kopic
 Mario Gómez
 Jonas Hector
 Sami Khedira
 Joshua Kimmich
 André Schürrle
 Chris Brunt
 Steven Davis
 Jamie Ward

1 goal

 Araz Abdullayev
 Maksim Medvedev
 Dimitrij Nazarov
 Ruslan Qurbanov
 Rashad Sadygov
 Ramil Sheydayev
 Václav Kadlec
 Filip Novák
 Jaromír Zmrhal
 Julian Brandt
 Emre Can
 Mats Hummels
 Toni Kroos
 Shkodran Mustafi
 Mesut Özil
 Antonio Rüdiger
 Sebastian Rudy
 Kevin Volland
 Amin Younes
 Stuart Dallas
 Jonny Evans
 Gareth McAuley
 Conor McLaughlin
 Conor Washington
 Adama Diomandé
 Markus Henriksen
 Martin Linnes
 Martin Samuelsen
 Ole Selnæs
 Alexander Søderlund
 Mirko Palazzi
 Mattia Stefanelli

1 own goal

 Rashad Sadygov (against Norway)
 Chris Brunt (against Norway)
 Michele Cevoli (against Azerbaijan)
 Davide Simoncini (against Norway)
 Mattia Stefanelli (against Germany)

Other websites

 
 Qualifiers – Europe: Round 1 , FIFA.com
 FIFA World Cup, UEFA.com
 Standings – Qualifying round: Group C, UEFA.com

2016 in sports
2017 in sports
2018 FIFA World Cup qualification (UEFA)
Walterswil, Bern

Walterswil is a municipality of the administrative district of Oberaargau in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

 Official Website 

Municipalities of Bern
Wangen an der Aare

Wangen an der Aare is a city in the administrative district of Oberaargau in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.

Gallery

References

Other websites

 Official Website of the city of Wangen an der Aare 

Municipalities of Bern
Cities in Switzerland
Wangenried

Wangenried is a municipality in the administrative district of Oberaargau in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.

References

Municipalities of Bern
Wanzwil

Wanzwil was a municipality in Wangen in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.

On 1 January 2009 Wanzwil and Röthenbach bei Herzogenbuchsee became part of Heimenhausen.

Former municipalities of Bern
Railroad company

A railroad company or railway company is an organization that operates a railroad track or trains. The company can either be private or public. Some railway companies operate both the trains and the track. In other cases, particularly in European Union (EU), ownership of track and train operation is run by separate companies. In the United States the railroad track system is owned by the railroad companies. In the 1800s, the federal government gave large land grants to the railroads.

Structure
Many countries have a national railway company that owns all track and operates all trains in the country. For example, the Russian Railways (the world's largest rail company by network size). Other countries have many different, sometimes competing, railway companies that operate each their own lines. This is true in the United States and Canada. 

In Europe, the EU requires its members to split the railway companies into a number of different companies. Usually public owned companies own the track and other public companies (sometimes owned by regional governments) own the train cars. Franchising is then used to determine the right to operate the line for a limited time period. A number of private companies bid for the right to operate. Other companies offer track and train car maintenance.

References 

Rail transport
Wattenwil

Wattenwil is a municipality in the administrative district of Thun in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

 Official website 

Municipalities of Bern
Wengi

Wengi (Bernese German: Wängi, []) is a municipality in the administrative district of Seeland in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

 Official Website 

Municipalities of Bern
Wichtrach

Wichtrach is a municipality of the administrative district Bern-Mittelland in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.

On 1 January 2004 the former municipalities of Niederwichtrach and Oberwichtrach merged into the municipality of Wichtrach.

References 

Municipalities of Bern
Wiedlisbach

Wiedlisbach is a municipality in the administrative district of Oberaargau of the canton of Berne in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

 Official website of the municipality of Wiedlisbach 
 

Municipalities of Bern
Cities in Switzerland
Anthocyanin

Anthocyanin is a chemical compound which makes the red colour in plants. For example, red cabbage has anthocyanins which make it red.

Function 

In flowers, bright-reds and purples attract pollinators. In fruits, the colourful skins also attract the attention of animals, which may eat the fruits and disperse the seeds.

In photosynthetic tissues (such as leaves and sometimes stems), anthocyanins have been shown to act as a "sunscreen". They protect cells from high-light damage by absorbing blue-green and ultraviolet light. Ionizing radiation can damage DNA.

There are some other suggestions. The red colour of leaves may camouflage leaves from herbivores blind to red wavelengths. The pigment may signal bad taste, since anthocyanin synthesis often comes with unpalatable phenolic compounds.

Making these pigments is done by a series of enzymes that are stuck on cell membranes.

References 

Pigments
Plant physiology
Williamson County, Texas

Williamson County is a county in Central Texas. The county seat is Georgetown, Texas. The county population in July 2015 was 508,514. The county is named after Robert McAlpin Williamson, a veteran in the Battle of San Jacinto and a previous community leader.

History

Williamson County held humans for at least 11,200 years. In recent times, a prehistoric skeleton was found in Williamson County. The name of the skeleton is Leanderthal Lady. The town of Leander is named after the skeleton. Leanderthal Lady was found after the Texas Department of Transportation found remnants while drilling core/dirt samples for a new highway.

Native Americans also lived in areas of Williamson County. The Tonkawa tribe lived in parts of the county. Other tribes lived in the area. These tribes included Kiowa, Yojuane, Tawakoni, and Mayeye Native Americans.

On September 1921, the remains of a hurricane moved over Williamson County. The rains fell over Thrall, Texas. The town received 39.7 inches of rain in 36 hours. The storm killed 87 near Taylor, Texas, and 93 in Williamson County. A total of 215 deaths were reported due to the rains. 

On 27 May 1997, Williamson county had a tornado outbreak. The county had several tornadoes during the day. An EF-5 tornado (rating determined on the Fujita Scale) struck Jarrell, Texas, killing 27 persons. An EF-3 tornado also struck Cedar Park, with one indirect death.

List of communities

The following is a list of communities in Williamson county. Some communities are part of other counties.
 Austin (partly in Travis County)
 Bartlett (partly in Bell County)
 Brushy Creek
 Cedar Park (partly in Travis County)
 Coupland
 Florence
 Georgetown (county seat)
 Granger
 Hutto
 Jarrell
 Jollyville
 Jonah
 Leander (partly in Travis County)
 Liberty Hill
 Macedonia
 Norman's Crossing
 Round Rock (partly in Travis County)
 Schwertner
 Serenada
 Taylor
 Thorndale (partly in Milam County)
 Thrall
 Walburg
 Waterloo
 Weir

Sources

Texas counties