cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
A Girl Like Me: The Gwen Araujo Story

A Girl Like Me: The Gwen Araujo Story is a 2006 LGBT biography television movie that was directed by Agnieszka Holland and was shown on the Lifetime Television network. The story is about the real life murder of Gwen Araujo, who was born as Edward Araujo, Jr., a transgender teenager who was murdered after some people that she knew found out that she had male sex organs. Scenes showing the murder trial are shown alternating with the story of Gwen's life.

The movie stars J.D. Pardo as Gwen, Mercedes Ruehl as her mother, and Avan Jogia as her brother, Danny. It first aired on the Lifetime Television network on June 19, 2006.

References

Other websites
 Official site 
 
 Rolling Stone article about the real life events 

2006 movies
LGBT movies
Transgender
Movies directed by Agnieszka Holland
American movies
Online Computer Library Center

OCLC Online Computer Library Center, Inc. is a library service and research organization. It helps people find more information and lessens library costs. It was incorporated on July 6, 1967 as the not-for-profit Ohio College Library Center. 72,000 libraries in 86 countries use OCLC services to find and save library materials. The organization was begun by Fred Kilgour. Its head office is in Dublin, Ohio, U.S.A.

References 

Research organizations in the United States
1967 establishments in the United States
1960s establishments in Ohio
Life Less Frightening

"Life Less Frightening" was the third single from the Chicago punk rock band Rise Against, from their 2004 album, Siren Song of the Counter Culture. It is the third track on the album and runs about 3 minutes and 44 seconds.

The lyrics of the song tell of the horrors of the world and a longing for a "life less frightening" ("...I'm soaking with the sins of knowing what's gone wrong...") and tells that lack of action will only cause the problems to worsen ("Time again I have found myself stuttering/Foundations pulled out from under me.").

Rise Against
The Sufferer & The Witness

The Sufferer & the Witness is the fourth album by American punk rock band Rise Against. The album was released on July 4, 2006.  It was their second release on popular label, Geffen Records. The album follows 2004's Siren Song of the Counter Culture. It sold 48,000 copies in its first week, debuting at number 10 on the Billboard 200. It has been awarded Gold by the RIAA.

The song "Drones" was used for WWE's 2007 Royal Rumble's theme song.

Making the album
After the good reviews of their big label debut, Siren Song of the Counter Culture, and its single, "Swing Life Away", Rise Against came back to the studio in January 2006 to start their fourth studio album. The band had been writing songs and ideas during the Siren Song of the Counter Culture tour and had finished five songs by early December 2005. Also in December, it was said that Bill Stevenson would make the album at the Blasting Room studio in Fort Collins, Colorado. The band began in January 2006 in Chicago. It was made with Bill Stevenson and Jason Livermore for 12 weeks between January and April 2006. The band talked about the sound and release date of the album in April, saying, "We're pretty excited and can't wait for you to hear it. You won't find any acoustic guitar on this one, but perhaps a few other surprises and curveballs await your curious ears...look for an early summer release." The album's name was told in the same news release. It would be called The Sufferer & the Witness. The album was mixed by Chris Lord-Alge in Los Angeles. It was finished in April 2006.

Track listing
 "Intro/Chamber the Cartridge" – 3:35
 "Injection" – 3:19
 "Ready to Fall" – 3:47
 "Bricks" – 1:30
 "Under the Knife" – 2:45
 "Prayer of the Refugee" – 3:19
 "Drones" – 3:01
 "The Approaching Curve" – 3:44
 "Worth Dying For" – 3:20
 "Behind Closed Doors" – 3:15
 "Roadside" – 3:21
 "The Good Left Undone" – 4:10
 "Survive" – 3:40

References

Rise Against
2006 albums
Punk albums
Alameda County, California

Alameda County is a county in the San Francisco Bay Area in state of California, USA. According to the 2000 population census, 1,443,741 people live in Alameda County. It is seventh biggest county in the state of California by population. Its county seat and largest city is Oakland.

Cities in Alameda County

Alameda, founded in 1916
Albany, founded in 1908, renamed Albany in 1909
Berkeley, founded in 1878
Dublin, founded in 1982
Emeryville, founded in 1896
Fremont, founded in 1956
Hayward, founded in 1928
Livermore, founded in 1876
Newark, founded in 1955
Oakland, founded in 1852
Piedmont, founded in 1907
Pleasanton, founded in 1894
San Leandro, founded in 1872
Union City, founded in 1959

 
1853 establishments in California
Pepsi Twist

Pepsi Max Twist is a type of Pepsi Max made since 2001. It is lemon flavored. In the United Kingdom, Pepsi Twist is no longer sold. A "lemon and lime" kind also was made, under the Pepsi Max brand.

Soft drinks
Epicureanism

Epicureanism is a philosophy based on the teachings of Epicurus. It started about 307BC. Epicurus was a materialist who believed that material was made of atoms. The teaching about atoms was first started by Democritus. 

Epicurus forcefully attacked superstition. According to Epicurus, the gods are passive: They do not intervene in the world. According to Aristippus, Epicurus believed that the greatest good was to have certain pleasures, and to reach a state of mind where there is no fear and no pain. Epicureanism is a form of hedonism, which declares that pleasure is the only good there is. Epicureanism says that the absence of pain is the greatest pleasure; it also advocates a simple life. These ideas make it sufficiently different from "hedonism" as it is usually defined.

In the Epicurean view, the highest pleasure (tranquility and freedom from fear) was obtained by knowledge, friendship and living a virtuous and temperate life. Epicurus spoke favorably about the enjoyment of simple pleasures; He also meant abstaining from bodily desires, such as sex and appetites, almost like asceticism. 

He argued that when eating, one should not eat too richly, for it could lead to dissatisfaction later, such as the grim realization that one could not afford such delicacies in the future. Likewise, sex could lead to increased lust and dissatisfaction with the sexual partner. Epicurus did not articulate a broad system of social morality that has survived.

Epicureanism was originally a challenge to Platonism, though later it became the main opponent of Stoicism. Epicurus and his followers shunned politics. Many Epicurean societies flourished in the late Hellenistic perod and during the Roman era (such as those in Antiochia, Alexandria, Rhodes and Ercolano). 

The poet Lucretius was its best-known Roman proponent. By the end of the Roman Empire, having undergone Christian attack and repression, Epicureanism had all but died out, but was resurrected in the 17th century by the atomist Pierre Gassendi, who adapted it to the Christian doctrine.

Some writings by Epicurus have survived. Some scholars consider the epic poem On the Nature of Things by Lucretius presents in one work the core arguments and theories of Epicureanism. Many of the papyrus scrolls unearthed at the Villa of the Papyri at Herculaneum are Epicurean texts. At least some are thought to have belonged to the Epicurean Philodemus.

Philosophical movements and positions
Tilopa

Tilopa (Prakrit; Sanskrit: Talika or Tilopada, 988–1069) was a tantric practitioner and mahasiddha. He was born in either Chativavo (Chittagong), Bengal or Jagora, Bengal into the Brahmin (priestly) caste. He had several teachers and meditated a lot under their guidance: Saryapa, Lawapa, Indrabhuti, Matanga, Nagarjuna . Finaly he reached Mahamudra or state of complete enlightement. Tilopa is regarded as founder of Kagyu lineage of Vajrayana Buddhism. His main student is Naropa.

Buddhism
Christmas Day (song)

"Christmas Day" is a song by the British musician Dido.

Track listing
 "Christmas Day" (3:50)
 "Going Crazy" (2:25)

Other websites
Squeeze discography at Squeezenet 

1979 songs
This Is the New Shit

This Is the New Shit" is a 2003 industrial metal song by Marilyn Manson off their fifth album The Golden Age of Grotesque. The bassist, Tim Sköld added some industrial beats to the song when he joined the band in 2002.

Many movies, TV shows and video games have used the song including:

CSI: Crime Scene Investigation episode "Suckers"
Hatchet
Unreal Tournament 2004
ECW Wrestling (radio edit)

References

2003 songs
Ground Combat Vehicle

The Ground Combat Vehicle (GCV) is the U.S. Army's replacement program for heavy tracked and wheeled armored fighting vehicles. The GCV is part of the Follow On Incremental Capabilities Package of the BCT Modernization program. The vehicle of the vehicle family is to be built by 2015 and given out by 2017. It replaced the canceled Future Combat Systems, manned ground vehicles program.

Design
The GCV family will be built around one or more common vehicle bodies.

The GCV would have a very advanced communications system.

The vehicle will be heavy and large but it must be moved by aircraft, rail and ship. The GCV will have good off-road mobility while remaining fuel efficient.

The type and caliber of the weapons are still secret. The Army has only said that there will be lethal and non-lethal means to help with missions in both civilian and non-civilian places.

The Army would like the GCV to have good bomb protection and would like it to be able to destroy enemy missiles.

Variants
The U.S. Army wants a troop carrier and a "secondary vehicle". The Army will ask for more variants later.

Infantry Fighting Vehicle

The IFV will replace the M113 APC by 2018, the M2 Bradley and the Stryker ICV later. The IFV will hold a crew of three and a squad of nine people.

Secondary vehicle
The "secondary vehicle" is listed on the "Work Breakdown Structure" document. So far, no details have been released about the use of this vehicle.

References

Other websites

 Official U.S. Army Ground Combat Vehicle page 
 TACOM page 

Weapons
Land vehicles
Hayley Wickenheiser

Hayley Wickenheiser, OC, (born August 12, 1978 in Shaunavon, Saskatchewan) is a Canadian women's ice hockey forward. She is the first woman to play full-time pro hockey in a position other than goaltender.

She plays for the Canada women's national ice hockey team. She has represented Canada at 5 Winter Olympic Games, winning the gold medal four times and the silver medal once. She was named tournament MVP twice. She has also played softball for Canada at the 2000 Summer Olympics. Wickenheiser has the most gold medals of any Canadian Olympian. She is considered to be the greatest female ice hockey player in the world.

On February 20, 2014, She was chosen to be a part of the International Olympic Committee's athlete commission.

References

Other websites 

 Hayley Wickenheiser's official website 

1978 births
Canadian ice hockey forwards
Canadian Olympic gold medalists
Canadian Olympic silver medalists
Ice hockey people from Saskatchewan
Living people
Ice hockey centres
Novaya Zemlya

Novaya Zemlya () is an archipelago in the Arctic Ocean in the north of Russia and the extreme northeast of Europe. The archipelago is made of a north island and a south island; it separates the Barents Sea from the Kara Sea. There is a narrow channel, called Matochkin Strait that separates the two islands. Both islands together are about 900 km long; they are between 470 and 1150 km north of the Arctic Circle. Today, 2716 people live on the islands. 2622 of them live in the capital Belushya Guba (on the south island)

The Russians knew of Novaya Zemlya from the 11th century, when hunters from Novgorod visited the area.

Novaya Zemlya is the northern part of the Ural Mountains and the interior is mountainous throughout. The northern island contains many glaciers, while the southern one has a tundra landscape.

In July 1954, Novaya Zemlya was designated the Novaya Zemlya Test Site.  It was used as a test site throughout the cold war. In 1961 Tsar Bomba was dropped on the archipelago. The Tsar Bomb was the largest nuclear bomb ever made at 50 Mt. By contrast, the largest weapon ever produced by the United States, the now-decommissioned B41, had a predicted maximum yield of 25 Mt.

References

Other websites 

Selected satellite views of nuclear test site Novaya Zemlya (global security).
Environment, climate change, and history of exploration (Barents' wintering).
Rozenberg Publishers - Climate and glacial history of the Novaya Zemlya Archipelago, Russian Arctic 
Nuclear tests in Novaya Zemlya, International Atomic Energy Agency Department of Nuclear Safety and Security.

Archipelagos
Arctic islands
Islands of Russia
Trailer Park Boys

Trailer Park Boys is a Canadian mockumentary created by Mike Clattenburg. It is produced by Mike Clattenburg, Barrie Dunn and Michael Volpe. In Canada, it was shown on the Showcase. The series had thirteen seasons and ran from 22 April 2001 to 7 December 2008. It then restarted on 5 September 2014 and has continued to present.

The television programme has spawned three movies: Trailer Park Boys: The Movie on 6 October 2006, Trailer Park Boys: Countdown to Liquor Day in 25 September 2009, and Trailer Park Boys: Don't Legalize It.

TV.com rated the series a 10.

References

Other websites
Trailer Park Boys' Official website

Canadian television series
2000s television series
Comedy television series
Netflix original shows
English-language television programs
Chocolate chip cookie

A chocolate chip cookie is a drop cookie from the United States. Small portions of the dough are "dropped" from a spoon onto a baking sheet, then baked 10-15 minutes in a medium oven until done. Main ingredients in the original recipe are flour, butter, eggs, salt, vanilla extract, both brown and white sugar, and chocolate chips. Variants feature nuts, oatmeal, etc. Chocolate chip cookies can be made at home or purchased at bakeries and in stores.

The chocolate chip cookie was the accidental invention of Ruth Graves Wakefield. She and her husband owned and operated the Toll House Inn in Whitman, Massachusetts in the mid-1930s. Wakefield prepared meals and desserts. One day she was without Baker's Chocolate for a butter drop cookie recipe. She cut a Nestlé's semi-sweet chocolate bar into bits and added the bits to the dough, thinking the pieces would melt as the cookie baked. The bits did not melt completely, but they did soften. The result was called the Toll House Cookie. Nestlé printed the recipe on its packages of chocolate. Wakefield received a lifetime supply of Nestlé semi-sweet chocolate for her permission to print the recipe.

Preparation 
Chocolate chip cookies are made by using white sugar, brown sugar, flour, salt, eggs, baking soda, butter or shortening, and chocolate chips. Some cookies optionally add vanilla, milk, or nuts for more flavor.

References 

Cookies
Theo Waigel

Theo Waigel is (* 22 April 1939 in Oberrohr, Bavaria) a German Politician (CSU). He was the Finance Minister between 1988 and 1999 and the Chairman of the CSU, respectively.

Personal life and work 

Theo Waigel obtained his High School Degree at the Simpert-Kraemer-High School, in Swabian Krumbach Waigel immatriculated at the Facultys of Law and political Science in Munich, later in Wurzburg. He successfully earned his Bachelor of Law in 1963, in 1967 he obtained the Master of Law and finished with a PhD with his essay about the Constitutional system of the German especially the Bavarian Agriculture. The first job of Mr. Waigel was an Assessor for the Attorney General at the Regional Court in Munich I, in 1969 he took over a new assignment as a Personal Secretary for the State Secretary in The Finance Ministry, Bavaria. 
In 1970 he took over the same job in the Ministry of Transport.

After his political career, he worked for German Investment Counselling Inc. as well as the Electrical Company ENBW as a Member of the Board of Directors.

Theodor Waigel, married again. Irene Epple, his second wife, gave birth to three children.

In a short TV-serial, The Affair Semmeling from Dieter Wedel, he had a small guest role in his previous position as a Finance Minister.

Günzburg Rural District
1939 births
Living people
Rei Ayanami

is the main character in Neon Genesis Evangelion. In 1996 and 1997, she was listed as the best female anime character by the journal Animage. She was born in the underground laboratory, but lost her memories. It is known that she has many "spare bodies", which are used for her reincarnation, if she dies. 
In the Italian dub she is voiced by Valentina Mari.

Anime
Anime characters
Powerbomb

This page explains different types of powerbombs in professional wrestling.

Gutwrench powerbomb 
This maneuver has a wrestler tuck an opponent's head in-between their legs, hook their arms lift them up, turning them in mid-air, and slam them down to the mat (ring).

Professional wrestling moves
Facebuster

This page explains different types of facebusters in professional wrestling.

Chickenwing facebuster 
This maneuver has a wrestler hook both their opponent's arms standing up stomach to back, lift them in the air, and then push them forwards so to make them move towards the ring face down with force.

Turkeyleg facebuster 
This maneuver involves one opponent forcefully pushing the other until they are facing away from them. They then constrict the opponent's torso with their arms and kick the back of their knees, causing them to falter and fall forward, face first - with the opponent on top of them.

Professional wrestling moves
Powerslam

This page describes the different types of powerslams in professional wrestling.

Fireman's carry powerslam 

This maneuver has a wrestler lift their opponent on their back in a fireman's carry position. Grab their opponent's leg lift that side up and over turning to face their opponent in the process and then slam them to the mat.

Professional wrestling moves
Rana Mohammad Hanif Khan

Rana Mohammad Hanif Khan (died 2005) simply known as Rana Hanif was the Finance Minister of Pakistan from 1973 to 1977.

Pakistani people
Pakistani politicians
Pakistani Muslims
2005 deaths
1920s births
Alexine Tinne

Alexandrine Pieternella Françoise Tinne, called Alexine Tinne (October 17, 1835 – August 1, 1869) was a Dutch explorer. She used her money to satisfy her curiosity about Africa. Her father died when she was ten, and she became one of the richest people in the Netherlands. Tinne is said to have been beautiful, and she was very clever. She knew several languages and was good at riding horses. She was also brave and firm.

With her mother and several scientists, Tinne first travelled down the Nile in 1863. Because of the trip, she gathered lots of scientific information, but  Tinne's mother and two of the scientists died. Later, she prepared another trip across the Sahara. She took two big iron tanks of water. The Muslim people, thinking that the tanks had gold inside, attacked Tinne. They cut her with their swords, cutting off her hand so she could not use her gun. The attackers then ran away, leaving her to bleed to death. She died alone in the desert.

The church built in her memory in her hometown, The Hague, was destroyed by bombs in World War II.

References

Other websites 
 Saudi Aramco: 'Alexine and the Nile'
  Tinne, Alexandrine

1839 births
1869 deaths
Dutch explorers
Super Mario Galaxy 2

Super Mario Galaxy 2 is a video game for the Wii. It is the sequel to the 2007 game Super Mario Galaxy. It was first announced at E3 2009, and was released in the second quarter of 2010 in Japan, on May 23, 2010 in North America, on June 11, 2010 in Europe, and in June-August, 2010 in Australia. Unlike its predecessor, Super Mario Galaxy 2 allows the player to ride on Yoshi. Super Mario Galaxy 2 introduces two new power-ups: the Cloud Flower and the Rock Mushroom.

References

2010 video games
Mario platform games
Wii games
Credit default swap

A credit default swap (or CDS for short) is a kind of investment where you pay someone so they will pay you if a certain company gives up on paying its bonds, or defaults. A credit default swap is like insurance on bonds, but different from insurance in important ways:
 Insurance companies make sure you own the thing you're insuring, but you can buy credit default swaps for bonds you don't own.
 The government makes rules (called regulations) for insurance, but they don't make any yet for credit default swaps.
 Insurance companies have to have enough money in case lots of people need to collect insurance at the same time. Because there aren't many rules for CDS sellers, they don't have to be as careful.
Because nobody makes sure you have the bonds you get credit default swaps for, people can speculate on them by buying credit default swaps on companies they think will get in trouble.

Role in Financial Crisis of 2008 

When Lehman Brothers went bankrupt on September 15, 2008, it defaulted on its bonds. The insurance company AIG had sold lots of credit default swaps for Lehman, but they didn't have enough money to pay all the people they had sold them to. 

This is because the way lots of companies speculated was by hedging on credit default swaps. They bought credit default swaps for a company, and then sold credit default swaps for the same company when the CDSes got more expensive. For example, if you bought some Lehman Brothers CDSes from AIG where you had to pay $500,000, and you sold the same number of CDSes on Lehman a year later for $600,000, you made $100,000 profit. If Lehman defaulted, you're supposed to pay the people you sold the CDSes to, but that should be OK because now AIG is supposed to pay you for the CDSes you bought.

So many companies bought and subsequently sold CDSes that when Lehman collapsed, no one had enough money to pay the people they sold the CDSes to. They tried getting it from the companies they'd bought CDSes from, but they didn't have enough money either. Those companies tried collecting from the companies that owed them money, but they didn't have enough either, and so on. Since AIG had sold so many of these, people were afraid that AIG would just give up on trying to pay them all. If they had done that, there would be a domino effect where everybody would go out of business. Because so many companies would've gone out of business, the government decided to help AIG pay so the economy wouldn't collapse.

Role in the Greek Financial Crisis 

When people found out that the Greek government owed more money than everybody thought it did, people who didn't own any Greek government bonds started buying credit default swaps on Greek bonds. They did that because they thought Greece would give up on trying to pay, so the bonds would become worthless and the people who sold the credit default swaps would pay them. Unfortunately, this makes people who have Greek bonds nervous, so they want to sell them and not buy any more. That makes it hard for Greece to borrow money to fix its money problems.
Comparison of Internet Relay Chat clients

The following tables compare general and technical information between a number of IRC client programs. Please see the individual products pages for more information. This page is does not include everything and may not be current.

General
Basic general information about the clients: creator/company, license/price etc. Clients listed on a light purple background are no longer in active development.

 Can be installed as part of a web browser
 Distributed as a Universal Binary
 Web browser component
 Separate client and daemon
 Not complete, proof of concept
 In development

Release history
A brief overview of the release history.

Operating system support
The operating systems on which the clients can run natively (without emulation).

 Requires Cygwin
 Requires EMX
 Requires Mac OS X v10.4 or later
 In development
 Requires Internet Explorer 5.0 or later for Windows 95, 98, 98SE, ME, NT4, and 2000
 Requires comctl32.dll version 5.80 or later for Windows 98 and NT 4.0
 Requires Service Pack 6 and Internet Explorer 4.0 or later for Windows NT 4.0
 Requires RubyCocoa 1.0.0 or later
 Requires Mac OS X v10.4.3 or later
 Requires Windows XP Service Pack 2 or later
 Does not support Windows 95 or Windows 98

Unix and Unix-like operating systems:
Unix (BSD): 386BSD, BSD/OS, FreeBSD, NetBSD, OpenBSD, SunOS, ULTRIX
Unix (System V): AIX, A/UX, HP-UX, IRIX, SCO UNIX, Solaris, UnixWare
Unix-like: Linux, NeXTSTEP, OpenVMS, OSF/1, QNX, Tru64 UNIX

 BitchX is known to work on BSDI 2.0, 2.1, 3.1, 4.0; FreeBSD 2.x, 3.x, 4.0; NetBSD 3.x, 4.x; SunOS 4.1.4; Ultrix; AIX; HP-UX 9.x, 10.x; IRIX 5.x, 6.x; Solaris 5.x and later; Linux; OSF/1 (DEC Alpha); QNX
 WeeChat tested on FreeBSD 4.11, 5.4, 6.0; NetBSD 2.0, 2.1; OpenBSD 3.6, 3.7, 3.8; Solaris 5.10; QNX 6.3
 In development
 XChat tested on HP-UX 10.20 and 11

mIRC will run on *NIX systems under WINE - Confirmed

Protocol support
What IRC related protocols and standards are supported by each client.

 Planned for a later version
 Marked as completed, but not included yet
 Supported via a plugin
 Supported via an external tunnel program
 Can not send files, can only receive files up to 2MB
 DCC is not always successful at this stage
 Wrapper library available
 Requires the OpenSSL library
 Partial OpenSSL support

Direct Client-to-Client (DCC) support

 Planned for a later version
 Supports the DCC Resume protocol
 Supported via a script
 Marked as completed, but not included yet
 Supported via scripts and plugins

Features
Information on what features each of the clients support.

 When compiled with ncursesw (ncurses with wide-character support)
 Automatically updates via the Sparkle framework
 Planned for a later version
 Supported as of version 20050921
 Uses the Windows Active Scripting technology and supports any scripting language with the appropriate interface
 Any language which supports DCOP may be used for Konversation scripting. Virtually any language can be made to support Konversation scripting by executing the command line "dcop" program.
 Not complete, proof of concept
 Supported via a plugin

References

Clients, Internet Relay Chat, Comparison of
Mask fetishism

In mask fetishism is persons wants to see another person wearing mask or taking off a mask. The mask may be a Halloween mask, a surgical mask, ski mask, ninja mask, gas mask, a latex mask, or any other kind of mask.
Sexuality
Lazarus taxon

In paleontology, a Lazarus taxon (plural taxa) is a taxon that disappears from one or more periods of the fossil record, only to appear again later. The term refers to the Gospel of John, in which Jesus is claimed to have raised Lazarus from the dead. Lazarus taxa occur either because of (local) extinction, later resupplied, or as a sampling artifact. The fossil record is imperfect (only a very small fraction of organisms become fossilized) and contains gaps not necessarily caused by extinction, particularly when the number of individuals in a taxon becomes very low.

The concept was developed in palaeontology where, after a major extinction event, some groups reappear after millions of years. The usual explanation is that numbers were driven so low that their chance of fossilisation were extremely low. Then, gradually, their numbers revived.

History of the idea 
In 1974 Batten pointed out that the Lower Triassic record lacked genera and species which had been present in the Permian, but which reappeared 20 million years later in the Middle Triassic. Jablonski later coined the term 'Lazarus taxon' for species and genera which disappear from the fossil record, only to reappear later when conditions return to normal.

Living examples
There are some well-known examples of it happening to present-day species.

Some well-known examples:

 A complete clade of lobe-finned fish, the sub-class Coelacanthimorpha, was thought to have gone extinct 80 million years ago. Then a Coelacanth (Latimeria), was found in 1938.
The Monoplacophora, a class of molluscs were believed to have gone extinct in the middle Devonian (~380 million years ago) until living members were discovered in deep water off Costa Rica in 1952.
Dawn Redwood or Metasequoia, a genus of conifer, was first described as a fossil from the Mesozoic era by Shigeru Miki in 1941, but in 1944 a small stand was discovered in Modaoxi, China.
Mountain Pygmy Possum (Burramys parvus), Australia's only truly hibernating marsupial, known originally from the fossil record, was discovered in 1966.

References 

Extinction events
Paleontology
Joe Louis Arena

Joe Louis Arena, nicknamed The Joe and JLA is a hockey arena in Detroit, Michigan. It is the home of the Detroit Red Wings of the National Hockey League.

Joe Louis Arena also hosted the 2009 Royal Rumble.

The arena will close at the end of the 2016–17 NHL season, with the Red Wings set to open the new Little Caesars Arena a few blocks away. Once the Wings move, the arena will be torn down and replaced by a combined hotel and retail development.

References

Sports buildings in the United States
Detroit Red Wings
Buildings and structures in Detroit, Michigan
1979 establishments in the United States
20th-century establishments in Michigan
Ed McMahon

Edward Leo Peter "Ed" McMahon, Jr. (March 6, 1923 – June 23, 2009) was an American television presenter and personality, actor, comedian, spokesman, and philanthropist. He was the announcer and co-host of The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson with host Johnny Carson. Ed McMahon has also been on Star Search. He was best known for being on television.

McMahon was born in Detroit, Michigan. He was raised in Lowell, Massachusetts and in Mexico, Maine. McMahon studied at Boston College and at The Catholic University of America. His career began in 1957 while broadcasting in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

McMahon was married to Alyce Ferrill from 1945 until they divorced in 1974. Later, he married Victoria Valentine from 1976 until they divorced in 1989. Lastly, he married Pam Hurn from 1992 until his death in 2009.

McMahon died at the Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center in Los Angeles, California from pneumonia, aged, 86.

References

Other websites 

 

1923 births
2009 deaths
Deaths from pneumonia
American television presenters
American television personalities
American television actors
American philanthropists
Actors from Detroit, Michigan
Actors from Massachusetts
Actors from Maine
Comedians from Detroit, Michigan
Comedians from Massachusetts
People from Lowell, Massachusetts
Comedians from Maine
Bad (song)

"Bad" is a song by Michael Jackson. "Bad" was released by Epic Records in September 1987. It was the second single from Jackson's album Bad. "Bad" got great reviews. Some critics noted that "Bad" helped Jackson's image become edgier during the Bad-era.

Music video
A music video for "Bad" was directed by Martin Scorsese and released in late 1987. In the video, Jackson and a group of background dancers are shown doing dance routines throughout a subway station. The single has sold 8.5 million copies. "Bad" was originally intended to be a duet between Jackson and musician Prince. 

"Weird Al" Yankovic did a spoof of this song called, "Fat".

On August 14, 2012 "Bad (Afrojack Remix) (DJ Buddha Edit)" was released as a single from Bad 25. It got very bad reviews.

It was featured in the trailer of Megamind and Despicable Me 3.

Michael Jackson songs
1987 songs
Drew McIntyre

Drew Galloway (born 6 June 1985, in Ayr, Scotland), is a Scottish professional wrestler, better know by his ring name Drew McIntyre. He is currently signed to WWE signed to the raw brand. During his previous run in the WWE, he won the WWE Intercontinental Championship one time and the WWE Tag Team Championship one time with Dolph ziggler. He has also won the NXT championship . McIntyre married former WWE diva Taryn Terrell (known by the ring name Tiffany) in May 2011 but they divorced on 24 May 2011.

On 12 June 2014, McIntyre was released from his WWE contract.

In April 2017, he returned to WWE in their developmental territory NXT. He is the current NXT Champion. In 2020, he won the Royal Rumble.

References

Other websites
WWE profile

1985 births
Former WWE wrestlers
Living people
Professional wrestlers
Scottish sportspeople
Carnegie library

A Carnegie library is a library that was built with the help of money from Andrew Carnegie. Over 2,500 Carnegie libraries were built across the world. Between 1883 and 1919, Carnegie would give money to cities and towns to build a library. The cities or towns would have to give a place to build the library, and promise to give 10% of the cost of the library's construction each year for the library's costs. Many Carnegie library buildings still stand. Some are used for other purposes now. Most are made of brick. They often have a staircase leading up to the front door.

Libraries in the United States
California State Polytechnic University, Pomona

.
The California State Polytechnic University, Pomona (also known as Cal Poly Pomona) is a public university in Pomona, California, United States. It is one of 23 campuses in the California State University system. It was founded in 1938. Cal Poly Pomona offers 72 degree programs in disciplines like engineering, science, architecture, and many others. The university covers 1,147 acres. It is near the city of Los Angeles.

Cal Poly Pomona student-athletes play sports against other universities using the name Cal Poly Pomona Broncos. The university is a member of the California Collegiate Athletic Association and the NCAA. The official colors of the university and its athletic teams are green and gold.

References 

1938 establishments in the United States
1930s establishments in California
California State University
Pomona, California
First Time

"First Time" is the first single from Lifehouse's fourth studio album Who We Are.

On April 24, 2007, the band released the single to be played on the radio. At the beginning, the song was played every hour on Star 98.7 in Los Angeles that day and was later released to general radio. The song's first ranking on the Billboard Hot 100 was number 48 in May, and it rose all the way to number 26. It was #74 on MTV Asia's list of Top 100 Hits of 2007.

Track listing
US radio promo single
"First Time" - 3:25

Australian commercial single
"First Time"
"You and Me" (Live In Portland)

References

2007 songs
Crown Prince Sado

Prince Sado of Joseon or Prince Jang Heon of Joseon ( or , January 1735 - May 1762) was a Crown Prince of Joseon. He was the second son of King Yeongjo, and the father of King Jeongjo of Joseon.

After the death of his half brother Prince HyoJang, he became heir to the throne. Because of his mental illness and strange behaviour, his father had him locked in a rice chest and starved to death.

References 
http://100.naver.com/100.nhn?docid=133415

1735 births
1762 deaths
Korean people
Princes and princesses
Gloucester County Cricket Club

Gloustershire County Cricket Club is a cricket club.  They play on the English and Welsh national cricket structure.  The Club was started in 1870.

Most of the home games are played in Bristol.

Cricket clubs
1870 establishments in Europe
1870s establishments in the United Kingdom
2010 Chile earthquake

The 2010 Cauquenes earthquake  was an earthquake that happened off the coast of Maule region of Chile, near Cauquenes, on February 27, 2010, at 3:34 local time (6:34 UTC). It is said to have lasted between ten and thirty seconds. At first, its magnitude was reported to be between 8.3 and 8.5 on the Moment magnitude scale, but this was later corrected upwards, to be at 8.8 of that scale. It was the strongest earthquake in Chile since the magnitude 9.5 1960 Valdivia earthquake, and the strongest earthquake worldwide since the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake.

The epicenter of the earthquake was offshore from the Maule Region, approximately 8 km west of Curanipe and 115 km north-northeast of Chile's second largest city, Concepción. Also, the epicenter is less than 20 km due east from that of the 1960 Valdivia earthquake. Other cities exposed to Mercalli intensity scale intensity VIII (Destructive) shaking were Arauco, Lota and Constitución.

The earthquake was also felt in the Chilean capital Santiago as well as in some Argentinean cities. Tsunami warnings were issued in 53 countries. Michelle Bachelet, President of Chile, declared a "state of catastrophe". She also confirmed the deaths of at least 795 people.

Chile was hit by another earthquake in March 11, 2010, with epicenter in the coastern town of Pichilemu, Province of Cardenal Caro, almost 200 kilometers from Santiago de Chile. It was MW 6,9 in the Richter scale.

References 

2010 in Chile
Earthquakes in Chile
2010 earthquakes
February 2010 events
Pat Verbeek

Patrick "The Little Ball of Hate" Verbeek (born May 24, 1964 in Sarnia, Ontario) is a former Canadian NHL ice hockey right winger who played 21 seasons in the NHL.

He was given the nickname "The Little Ball of Hate" by Glenn Healy because teammate Ray Ferraro was nicknamed "Big Ball of Hate".

Statistics

1964 births
Living people
Dallas Stars players
Detroit Red Wings players
Hartford Whalers players
New Jersey Devils players
New York Rangers players
Stanley Cup champions
Ontario Hockey League players
Wigger

The term wigger means a person who by act does things that stereotypically are related to urban African Americans, Black British and Caribbean culture, especially in relation to hip hop culture and British Grime/Garage scene.  The word can also be spelled as wigga, whigger or whigga, also known as acting black.

The term originates from a blend of the word white and the insulting term nigger. The word is considered offensive by some because of its sameness to nigger.  Also known to be offensive due to stereotypical ideas about urban blacks.

The act of white people using stereotypical black actions, slang, and clothing has appeared in many generations since slavery was removed in the western world. The concept has been documented in the United States, Canada, United Kingdom, Australia and other white-majority countries. An early form of this was the white negro in the jazz and swing music scenes of the 1920s and 1930s; as seen in the 1957 Norman Mailer essay, "The White Negro: Superficial Reflections on the Hipster"." It was later seen in the Zoot suiter of the 1930s and 1940s; the hipster of the 1940s; and the beatnik and rock and roller of the 1950s.

References in popular culture 
 The satirical newspaper The Onion sometimes features an accountant/wigger columnist, Herbert Kornfeld, whose columns are written in Black English slang remarkably similar to that of the Staten Island, New York rap group, Wu-Tang Clan.  
 In his song "The Way I Am", Eminem lashes out at the "cocky Caucasians who think I'm some wigger who just tries to be black 'cause I talk with an accent and grab on my balls."
 Elvis Costello uses the phrase "white nigger" for unclear reasons in his song "Oliver's Army", it is rarely censored on British radio.
 The song "Pretty Fly (for a White Guy)", by The Offspring details how a wigger tries too hard.
Wigger (1995)  is a novel by Lawrence Ytzhak Braithwaite set in Victoria, British Columbia, Canada. It explores the class struggle, poverty, prostitution, exploitation of youth, desolation and absence of solidarity in a period of new negrophilia.
 The comedy film Malibu's Most Wanted is about a wigger from an upper-class family who is sent off to South Central Los Angeles by his fathers political advisors in the hope that being exposed to the crime and poverty in the area will "scare him white".
 Sacha Baron Cohen used his persona Ali G (whose registered name is Alistair Leslie Graham) to make fun of the then-emerging trend of white British youths unconvincingly impersonating the black lifestyle.
 Lauren Cooper, a character from The Catherine Tate Show is a white teenager who, along with her friends Ryan Perkins and Lisa Jackson, impersonates various aspects of the black lifestyle, including rapping, extensively listening to various black artists and groups e.g. Beyoncé, Black Eyed Peas saying various phrases popularised by black street culture e.g. "innit?", "is it?", "well fit" etc.  .
 Havoc (film), 2005
 Whiteboyz

References 

Pejoratives
English profanity
La Leyenda

La Leyenda (in English: The Legend) is a "Greatest Hits" album by Mexican-American singer Selena. La Leyenda was released on March 9, 2010 as four different box-sets. Q-Productions and EMI Latin teamed up and promoted La Leyenda around the world, La Leyenda had personal messages from Selena's family, friends, and fans across the world.

Tracks on the album

Four Disc Edition 
 Disc 1: Cumbias and Pop

 Amor Prohibido
 Baila Esta Cumbia
 La Caracha
 Besitos
 Como La Flor
 El Chico Del Apartmento 512
 La Llamada
 Bidi Bidi Bom Bom
 Quiero Ser
 Si Una Vez
 No Debes Jugar
 Techno Cumbia
 Costumbres
 Fotos Y Recuredos
 No Quiero Saber
 Enamorada De Ti
 Tu Robaste Mi Corazon
 Ya No
 No Te Vayas
 Amame
 Aunque No Salga El Sol
 Puede Ser (duet with Nando "Quero" Dominguez)
 Sukiyaki
 Buenos Amigos (duet with Alvaro Torres)

 Disc 2: Tejano and Rancheras
 Contigo Quiero Estar
 Amame, Quiereme
 Ya Ves
 Mentiras
 La Traclera
 Cobarde
 Si La Quieres
 Tus Desprecios
 Yo Te Sigo Queriendo
 Ven Conmigo
 Las Cadenas
 Vuelve A Mi
 Siempre Estoy Pensando En Ti
 Yo Te Amo (Live version)
 Yo Me Voy
 Despues De Enero
 Dame Un Beso
 Tengo Ganas De Llorar
 Tu Eres
 Tu, Solo Tu
 El Toro Relajo
 Siempre Hace Frio
 Que Creias
 No Me Queda Mas

 Disc 3: English
 I Could Fall In Love
 My Love
 Missing My Baby
 Captive Heart
 I'm Getting Used To You
 God's Child (Baila Conmigo)
 Dreaming Of You
 Wherever You Are (Donde Quiera Que Estes)
 Only Love
 A Million To One
 Is It The Beat?
 Where Did The Feeling Go?
 A Boy Like That
 Always Mine
Bonus Tracks
 I'm Getting Used To You (Def Club Mix)
 Don't Throw Away My Love

 Disc 4: Live songs
 Disco Medley (I Will Survive/Funkytown/Last Dance/The Hustle/On The Radio)
 Amame, Quiereme/Siempre Estoy Pensando En Ti
 Amor Prohibido
 Baila Esta Cumbia
 No Me Queda Mas
 El Chico Del Apartamento 512
 Si La Quieres
 Bidi Bidi Bom Bom
 Si Una Vez
 Ya Ves
 Que Creias
 Tus Desprecios
 Cobarde
 Techno Cumbia
 La Carcacha
 Ven Conmigo/Perdoname
 Como La Flor
Bouns Tracks
 Como Te Extrano (Pete Astudillo)

Two Disc Special Edition 
Disc 1:

 Amor Prohibido
 Besitos
 Baila Esta Cumbia
 La Carcacha
 Como La Flor
 No Debes Jugar
 La Llamada
 Bidi Bidi Bom Bom
 Si Una Vez
 El Chico Del Apartamento 512
 Techno Cumbia
 Costumbres
 Fotos Y Recuerdos
 Contigo Quiero Estar
 Amame, Quiereme

Disc 2:

 I Could Fall In Love
 Only Love
 Dreaming Of You
 I'm Getting Used To You
 Where Did The Feeling Go?
 Is It The Beat?
 Buenos Amigos (duet with Alvaro Torres)
 Aunque No Salga El Sol
 No Quiero Saber
 Que Creias
 No Me Queda Mas
 Tu, Solo Tu
 El Toro Relajo
 Siempre Hace Frio
 Como Te Extrano (Pete Astudillo)

Single Disc Edition 
 Bidi Bidi Bom Bom
 La Llamada
 Amor Prohibido
 Como La Flor
 No Me Queda Mas
 La Carcacha
 Fotos Y Recuerdos
 I Could Fall in Love
 Tu, Solo Tu
 Dreaming of You
 Techno Cumbia
 No Quiero Saber
 El Chico Del Apartamento 512
 Baila Esta Cumbia
 Buenos Amigos (duet with Alvaro Torres)

2010 albums
Selena albums
Opcode

An opcode identifies which basic computer operation in the instruction set is to be performed. It is used when writing machine code. It tells the computer to do something. Each machine language instruction typically has both an opcode and operands.  The opcode is like a verb in a sentence, and the operands are like the subject in a sentence.
Operands are typically memory or registry addresses.

Opcodes are used in machine code for a number of functions, including Float Addition of registers, Two's compliment addition of registers, Shifting register values to memory, or to a hard drive, stopping a program, etc. There are quite literally hundreds of common opcodes employed in modern computers.

Due to the nature of a computer's architecture, opcodes take the form of binary numbers. Alternatively, opcodes can be represented by hexadecimal digits, (for example, 10100101 = A5) for ease of reading and coding when designing or emulating a machine-code program. These values are then transformed into their binary equivalents to be saved. Modern opcodes are at least two hex characters in length which take up 1 byte of storage space.

Opcodes will vary in capability and 'value' depending on the computer to which they belong, as they are hardware dependent. For instance, the opcode for STORE as expressed in Hex could be FA for one machine and 02 for another. Some opcodes will not be available on some computers. In general, there are two approaches toward building instruction sets. A reduced instruction set computer (RISC) offers less possible opcodes in favor of increasing speed for simple processes. Complex instruction set Computing (CISC) offers more opcodes in favor of increasing speed for complex processes.

Opcodes are seldom used by programmers directly. Whenever they are directly programmed into memory, they are only ever guaranteed to work on the computer they were designed for. When programmers write in assembly language, a translator program converts program statements, one-for-one, into machine language commands.  The programmer must only remember a mnemonic for each opcode instead of its binary value.  Alternatively, a high level-programming language can be used, say 4th generation, which gets converted to 3rd generation and so on until it reaches 1st generation. From here, an individual computer will convert the program to machine code whenever the program file is read. This way, a program can work on a much larger variety of computers.

Notes

Computer science
Eazy-Duz-It

Eazy-Duz-It is the first studio album by American rapper Eazy-E. It was released on September 16, 1988. The producers on the album were Dr. Dre & DJ Yella.

The album has 12 songs on it 
 Prelude (Still Talkin,)
 Nobody Move (Feat. The D.O.C. and MC Ren)  
 Ruthless Villain 
 2 Hard Muthaphuckers 
 Boyz N, The Hood 
 Eazy Duz It
 Compton Killer 
 Eazy Er Said Than Dunn (Feat. Dr Dre and MC Ren)
 Radio 
 No More ?s 
 The Legend Of Eazy (Feat. Ice Cube) 
 We Want Eazy

The songs on the album are about Eazy E himself, Eazy E's view of Compton, and the gangster lifestyle.

Samples from other artists

Preude (Still Talkin,)
 "Do The Funky Chicken"  by Rufus Thomas
 "The Dog"  By Rufus Thomas

Ruthless Villain
 " 8 Ball" By N.W.A

Eazy Duz It
 "Let's Get Crazy" By Prince

We Want Eazy 
 "Ahh...The Name Is Bootsy, Baby" by Bootsy's Rubber Band

Radio
 "I Can't Live Without My Radio" by LL Cool J
 "King of Rock" by Run-D.M.C.
 "Rebel Without a Pause" by Public Enemy

No More ?s

 Rapper's Delight" by The Sugar Hill Gang

Singles of Eazy-Duz-It 
 1989 - "Boys-n-the-Hood"
 1989 - "Eazy-Duz-It"
 1989 - "Eazy-Er Said Than Dunn"
 1989 - "We Want Eazy"

1988 albums
Debut albums
Eazy-E albums
Hip hop albums
Adamson University

Adamson University is a private Roman Catholic university in Manila, Philippines.

Colleges and universities in the Philippines
Manila
Wet boxer contest

The wet boxer-short contest is a beauty contest between men in their underwear. It is a lot like a wet t-shirt contest that shows women.  However, unlike a wet T-shirt contest the water used is warm instead of cold. Some feminists have questioned the comparison, claiming that the contests are degrading for women and not for men because of sexism. 
Wet boxer contests are also held in gay bars.

Notes

Human sexuality
Competitions
Viral culture

A Viral culture is a laboratory test in which the virus samples are placed with a cell medium that the virus being tested for is able to infect. If the cells show changes, known as cytopathic effects, then a culture is positive, meaning the test indicates infection.

The older way of viral culture has been replaced by shell vial culture, in which the sample is spun onto a single layer of cells and viral growth is measured by antigen detection ways. This shortens the time to detection for slow growing viruses such as cytomegalovirus, for which the method was developed.

Related pages
Cell culture
Instruments used in microbiology
Laboratory diagnosis of viral infections
Viral plaque

References

Other websites
 
 

Medical tests
Virology