cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Adventure fiction

Adventure fiction is a type of fiction in which an adventure forms the main storyline. The adventure is usually an exciting undertaking involving risk and physical danger. Author Malins describes adventure fiction as the story "of the hero—individual or group—overcoming obstacles and dangers and accomplishing some important and moral mission." The characters in an adventure fiction are highly sympathetic. They are also ones the reader can easily relate to. There has to be a conflict to overcome and a clever villain to stop.

The hero 
A key part of many adventure fictions is the hero. In most stories the hero has to succeed. At the same time the hero may be the least interesting character in the story. The hero is often timid, submissive and easily pushed around. The hero may be a superhero, a spy, a detective or even an antihero. But the hero manages to meet the challenge. All great adventure heroes seem to find the ability to beat their enemies or win over hostile environments.

Sometimes the villain wins. In Edgar Allan Poe's story The Cask of Amontillado, the villain is the narrator of the story. Sometimes the villain wins only to be confronted again in a sequel.

The genre 
In many adventure fictions, the adventure takes place in foreign lands or exotic places. One of the earliest adventure fiction writers was Daniel Defoe. His stories of Robinson Crusoe and Captain Singleton helped set the standards for the adventure fiction genre. Another British author Sir Walter Scott built on the formula. He combined history with adventure fiction. His historical romance novels Waverley, Rob Roy and Ivanhoe were classic adventures. They helped the reader understand the hero and gave him a code of chivalry. French author Alexandre Dumas wrote The Three Musketeers, The Count of Monte Cristo and Man in the Iron Mask. These were very popular in Europe and America. His stories had strong elements of revenge and forgiveness. James Fenimore Cooper in his adventure stories The Pioneers, The Last of the Mohicans and The Pathfinder were set in exotic new world locations. But Cooper changed the aristocratic hero into one who was noble even though not born into the nobility.

References

Other websites 
 The 200 Greatest Adventure Novels of All Time
 Popular Adventure Fiction Books

Fiction genres
Anthony Trollope

Anthony Trollope (1815–1882) was an English novelist who wrote 47 novels and a number of other books. 

His mother Frances Trollope was also a writer. Trollope became an official of the Post Office and lived in Ireland from 1841 to 1859; he left his Post Office job in 1867.

Trollope is well known for his series of novels set in the imaginary county of Barsetshire.  His first novel was published in 1847 and The Warden, the first Barsetshire novel, in 1855. The rest of the series were published during the next 12 years: The Barchester Chronicles (1857), Doctor Thorne (1858), Framley Parsonage (1861), The Small House at Allington (1864), and The Last Chronicle of Barset (1867). Barsetshire is imagined as a county in southwest England. The county town is Barchester, which is the seat of the Bishop of Barchester. 

Trollope also wrote a series of political novels featuring the Palliser family. These began in 1864 with Can You Forgive Her?. The rest of the series is Phineas Finn (1869), The Eustace Diamonds (1873), Phineas Redux (1876), The Prime Minister (1876), and The Duke's Children (1880). Trollope was an industrious and disciplined writer who wrote short stories, travel books and biographies as well as novels.

Source 
Drabble, Margaret, ed. (1985) The Oxford Companion to English Literature; 5th ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press; pp. 996-97

English novelists
1815 births
1882 deaths
Sterling silver

Sterling silver is an alloy of silver containing 92.5% by mass of silver and 7.5% by mass of other metals, usually copper. The sterling silver standard has a minimum of 925 in continental European terms.

Pure silver, for example 99.9% pure, is generally too soft for making objects for use. Therefore, the silver is usually alloyed with copper to give it strength while keeping the ductility and beauty of the precious metal. Other metals can replace the copper, to improve various properties of the basic sterling alloy such as increasing resistance to tarnish. These replacement metals include germanium, zinc and platinum, as well as a variety of other additives, including silicon and boron. Alloys such as argentium silver have appeared in recent decades. Argentium silver has some germanium added, and resists tarnishing well.

The first legal definition of sterling silver appeared in 1275. A statute of Edward I specified that 12 ounces of silver for coinage should contain 11 ounces  pennyweights of silver and  pennyweights of alloy, with 20 pennyweights to the Troy ounce.

Sterling silver standards are protected by hallmarks stamped on pieces by officials.

References 

Metals
Standards
Christina of Sweden

Queen Christina of Sweden (;  – 19 April 1689), was the queen of 
Sweden from 1632 to 1654. She then resigned to become a Roman Catholic.

She also liked humanities and had invited philosophers such as René Descartes in Sweden.

References

Other websites

1626 births
1654 deaths
Kings and Queens of Sweden
Richard Benson (musician)

Richard Philip Henry John Benson, known as Richard Benson (born 10 March 1955, Woking, England) is an English–Italian guitarist.

Career
Benson probably moved to Rome in 1965. In 1971 he joined the progressive rock band Buon Vecchio Charlie. In 1972, he took part in the festival "Villa Pamphili".

From 1978 to 2013 he hosted TV shows relating to new musical releases of the time. The music was mostly hard rock and heavy metal, but also jazz, funk, blues, fusion and Italian rock.

In 1983, Benson released his first LP, Animal Zoo. In 1984, he released the LP Renegade. In 1987 he was included on the compilation album, Metal Attack (RCA Italy – Talent).

In 1992, Benson played himself in Carlo Verdone's movie Maledetto il giorno che t'ho incontrato. In the second half of the 1990s he gave concerts in Rome. In 1999, he released his first CD, Madre Tortura.

Benson has then appeared in Italian national broadcast television as a music critic (Rai 2), together with Max Giusti. His work in the show was comical instead of serious. He played a sort of parody of his own character. In June 2013, he created an online television channel, "RichardBensonTV". He hosts a show there about heavy metal music. RichardBensonTv closed after just over a year.

In 2015 he released his second CD, L'inferno dei vivi.

Discography
 1990: Buon Vecchio Charlie (recorded in 1971)
 1983: Animal Zoo (single)
 1984: Renegade (single)
 1999: Madre Tortura
 2015: L'inferno dei vivi

References

Other websites

 Article on la Repubblica
 

1955 births
Living people
English rock guitarists
English rock singers
English singer-songwriters
Musicians from Rome
Musicians from Surrey
People from Woking
Kjell Arnljot Wig

Kjell Arnljot Wig (31 December 1924 – 18 January 2015) was a Norwegian media personality. He was a journalist for Morgenbladet from 1948. He was later with the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation from 1963 to 1992. He hosted a series of television shows, including Aktuell debatt, Vindu mot verden, and Åpen post. Some of his novels were Det skjulte Norge (1969), Kongen ser tilbake (1977), and Eventyret om Blaafarveværket (1995).

Wig was born in Stjørdal. He was married and had children.

Wig died after an illness on 18 January 2015 at Bærum hospital. He was 90.

References

Other websites
 

1924 births
2015 deaths
Disease-related deaths in Norway
Norwegian journalists
Norwegian writers
Novelists
Norwegian television personalities
Bob Barr (1880s pitcher)

Robert McClelland Barr (December, 1856 - March 11, 1930) was a Major League Baseball pitcher.  He also made some appearances as an outfielder, first baseman, and third baseman.

Barr played for the Pittsburgh Alleghenys, Washington Nationals, Indianapolis Hoosiers, and Rochester Broncos. He also played for the Washington Nationals and New York Giants.

1856 births
1930 deaths
Washington Nationals players
Suspicion (1941 movie)

Suspicion is a 1941 romantic thriller movie. It is based on the novel Before the Fact. The movie was directed by Alfred Hitchcock. Cary Grant plays Johnnie, a gambler. Joan Fontaine plays Lina. Dame May Whitty plays Martha.

This movie was nominated for Academy Awards for the Best Picture and the Best Original Score. Fontaine won the Best Actress award.

Other websites
 
 
 
 

1941 movies
1940s mystery movies
1940s thriller movies
Academy Award winning movies
American mystery movies
American thriller movies
English-language movies
Film noir
Movies based on books
Movies directed by Alfred Hitchcock
Gustav I of Sweden

Gustav I of Sweden, born 14 May 1496, dead 29 September 1560, was the King of Sweden from 1523 until his death in 1560. During his reign, Sweden broke relationship with the Kalmar Union and the Roman Catholic Church.

References

Other websites

1650 deaths
Kings and Queens of Sweden
Marie Hermanson

Marie Hermanson, born 1956, is a Swedish writer and journalist.

Bibliography
Det finns ett hål i verkligheten - 1986
Snövit - 1990
Tvillingsystrarna - 1993
Värddjuret - 1995
Musselstranden - 1998
Ett oskrivet blad - 2001
Hembiträdet - 2004
Mannen under trappan - 2005
Svampkungens son - 2007
Himmelsdalen - 2011
Skymningslandet - 2014

Awards 
 Partille Bookstore's Writer's Scholarship -1997
 Bokhandelns val - 2005

Nominations
August Prize - 1995 (for Värddjuret).

References

Other websites
official website 

1956 births
Living people
Swedish writers
Pietra dura

Pietra dura () or pietre dure () (see below), called parchin kari or parchinkari () in the Indian Subcontinent, is a term for using cut and fitted, highly polished colored stones to create images. 

The stonework is glued stone-by-stone to a base after being "sliced and cut in different shape sections; and then assembled together so precisely that the contact between each section was practically invisible". Stability was achieved by grooving the undersides of the stones so that they interlocked, rather like a jigsaw puzzle, with everything held in place by an encircling 'frame'. Many different colored stones, particularly marbles, were used, along with semiprecious, and even precious stones. 

The technique first appeared in Rome in the 16th century. It reached its peak in Florence.  Pietra dura items are generally crafted on green, white or black marble base stones. Typically the resulting panel is completely flat, but some examples have the image is in low relief.

There are a number of similar techniques which should not be called pietra dura. The English term "Florentine mosaic" is sometimes used for the work of Giovanni Montelatici (1864-1930). He was an Italian Florentine artist whose brilliant work has been distributed across the world by tourists and collectors.

Pietra dura is also different from mosaics because stones are mostly much larger and cut to a shape suiting their place in the image, not all of roughly equal size and shape as in mosaic. In pietra dura, the stones are not cemented together with grout, and works in pietra dura are often portable. Nor should it be confused with micromosaics, a form of mosaic using very small tesserae of the same size to create images for Byzantine icons, and later for furniture panels.

References 

Materials
Art
Pink cat

Cats can be many different breeds and fur coat colours. A pink cat is not a color found in nature. But several pink cats have been reported about in the news  media. Sometimes the cat colour has changed to pink with chemicals or dyes. There are also several fictional pink cats in popular culture.

Real pink cats 

In September 2005, a cat named Brumas roamed away from his owners in Launceston, Cornwall. When he came back after a short time, his fur was coloured pink. No one ever figured out the cause of the colour change. Brumas was taken to the RSPCA to be tested. He did not have any toxins.

In September 2010, a cat with dyed pink fur was found in Swindon, South West England. The RSPCA said the dyeing was a "sick prank". Even though they tried to wash the colour out of the cat's fur, it stayed pink. The cat did not have any signs of side-effects or harm. The event made worldwide news. Soon the owner told the truth. She said that the cat had been dyed pink using food colouring because she was a fan of the colour. She said the act "seemed like a good idea. I always wanted a pink animal - a bit like my hair". She said she read the instructions carefully and the food colouring could not be harmful because it was safe for humans to eat. The RSPCA decided not to arrest her for harming her animal.

In May 2011, four kittens were found in a concrete factory in Redruth, Cornwall. One kitten had pink fur. A cat rescue group named "Cats Protection", tried to wash out the colour with shampoo, but could not.

Pollution from a steel factory in Port Talbot, Wales, has turned cats both pink and grey.

Cats having pink patches are found in Bulgaria. The color is probably a genetic mutation and is very close to orange. They are usually pink-white bicolor; or pink-blue-white or pink-black-white calico cats.

Fictional pink cats 

The Pink Panther is a cartoon cat that was created by Friz Freleng. He is seen in the opening titles of the Peter Sellers movies with his own theme music. He also had his own cartoon show. Animation historian Jerry Beck has said the cartoon cat is "anti-authority – he's cool yet he's pink".

The character of the children's television series Bagpuss was a pink cat. The Bagpuss puppet was really supposed to be an orange marmalade colour. When the puppet was made, it was dyed pink by mistake.  

Another children's television show, Roobarb and Custard, had a pink cat named Custard. Roobarb, the dog, was yellow. This program was shown on BBC television in England. The characters acted similar to the animated cat and mouse, Tom and Jerry.

In 2014, a Dutch artist, Florentijn Hofman, made a  tall pink cat for an exhibition in Century Park, Shanghai.

Princess Carolyn from BoJack Horseman is a pink cat.

References

Other websites 

Fictional cats
Doraemon: Nobita's Dinosaur

Doraemon:Nobita's Dinosaur is a 1980 Japanese animated movie. This movie  also known as Doraemon: motion picture. It is based on the popular manga and anime series Doraemon. The movie was released in Japan on 15 March 1980.

Cast

Music
Doraemon no Uta (ドラえもんのうた) by Nobuyo Oyama

Reference

1980 movies
Animated movies
Movies about dinosaurs
Noriko Ohara

is a Japanese voice actress. She is represented by Production Baobab. Her son is Sunrise animator .

She is known for the roles of Nobita Nobi (Doraemon), all female lead villains in the Time Bokan series, Conan (Future Boy Conan), Peter (Heidi, Girl of the Alps), Oyuki and Claudia LaSalle. In the first ever Seiyu Awards in 2007, she won the Synergy award.

Voice roles
Alps no Shōjo Heidi (Peter)
Urusei Yatsura (Oyuki)
Starzinger
Space Pirate Captain Harlock (Mime)
Space Battleship Yamato II (Sabera, Jiro Shima)
Chōdenji Machine Voltes V (Hiyoshi Gō)
Soreike! Anpanman (Kurobarajoou)
Time Bokan series (Maajo, Doronjo, Muujo, Ataasha, Mirenjo, Munmun, Yanyan, Ruuju)
The Super Dimension Fortress Macross (Claudia LaSalle, Narrator)
Doraemon (Nobita Nobi, Nobisuke Nobi)
Future Boy Conan (Conan)
Wansa-kun (Wansa)
Crusher Joe (Ricky)
La Seine no Hoshi (Catherine)
Genesis Climber Mospeada (Refless)
Tatsunoko vs. Capcom (Doronjo)
Wacky Races (Japanese dub; Penelope Pitstop)

References

Other websites 
 Noriko Ohara at IMDb

1935 births
Living people
Actors from Tokyo
Japanese voice actors
Tony Verna

Anthony F. Verna (November 26, 1933 – January 18, 2015) was an American television producer. He was known for creating instant replay and for producing interviews with Pope John Paul II, Ronald Reagan, and Charlton Heston. Verna was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Verna died in Palm Desert, California from leukemia, aged 81.

References

Other websites

1933 births
2015 deaths
Deaths from leukemia
American television producers
American inventors
People from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Pedro María Iguaran

Pedro María Iguaran Arandia (2 July 1940 – 16 January 2015) commonly known as Pello Iguaran was a Spanish football defender.

Iguaran played for Deportivo Alavés in the 1963-1964 season. Iguaran served his new club for 7 years, being in most cases used as a reserve defender. He played a total of 85 games for Real Sociedad.

References

1940 births
2015 deaths
Spanish footballers
George Pataki

George Elmer Pataki (; born June 24, 1945) is an American politician. He was the 53rd Governor of New York. A member of the Republican Party, Pataki served three consecutive four-year terms from January 1, 1995, until December 31, 2006.

Early life
Pataki was born in Peekskill, New York. He is of an Austrian-Hungarian ancestry. After graduating fom Peekskill High School, he entered Yale University in the same year as George W. Bush in 1964 on an academic scholarship and graduated in three years. While there he served as chairman of the Conservative Party of the Yale Political Union.

Governor of New York (1995-2006)
Pataki's first job in politics was mayor of his hometown of Peekskill. In 1994 he ran a campaign against Mario Cuomo for Governor of New York. Cuomo was one of the most famous politicians in the country at the time and he was an icon of liberalism in the country. Few people expected Pataki to win, but in a major upset, Pataki won the election.

He served three terms as Governor of New York State. A popular governor, Pataki became most famous for his leadership of the state after the September 11th attacks in 2001. He also focused on creating jobs in the state and creating increased parkland for New Yorkers.

2016 presidential race

Pataki had often been mentioned as a possible presidential candidate. In early 2015, he began exploring a candidacy for the Republican nomination for President of the United States in 2016, and announced his candidacy on May 28, 2015. On December 29, 2015, Pataki announced that he would be ending his presidential campaign. A few days later, he announced his support for Marco Rubio for president. After Rubio dropped out and days before the New York primary, Pataki endorsed Ohio governor John Kasich for the nomination.

Personal life
Pataki married Elizabeth Rowland in 1973. They have four children: Emily, Teddy, Allison, and Owen.

References

Other websites

 George Pataki for President
 Video of speech at cornerstone laying ceremony for the Freedom Tower on July 4, 2004

2016 United States presidential candidates
1945 births
Living people
Governors of New York
American mayors
People from Peekskill, New York
US Republican Party politicians
National Association of Evangelicals

The National Association of Evangelicals (NAE) is a fellowship of member denominations, churches, organizations, and individuals. Its stated goal is to honor God by connecting and representing evangelicals in the United States. Today it works in four main areas: Church & Faith Partners, Government Relations, Chaplains Commission, and World Relief. The NAE is a member of the World Evangelical Alliance (WEA).

Other websites

Generation Forum 

1942 establishments in the United States
Evangelicalism
Christianity in the United States
Indian Institute of Science

Indian Institute of Science (IISc) is a public university for scientific research. It is located in Bangalore, India. Jamshetji Tata gave active support to establish this institute. He is one of the earliest industrialists of India. IISc is well known as India's finest research university.

History
In 1893, Jamshetji Tata had a chance meeting with Swami Vivekananda on a ship from Japan to Chicago. Then, Jamshetji Tata discussed his plan with Vivekananda to bring Iron and Steel industry to India. Five years later, Tata wrote a letter to Vivekananda about his desire to establish a research institution. He also asked Vivekananda for guidance in this matter. Vivekananda softly declined this proposal.

The government of Mysore donated (371 acres or 1.50 sq km) to build the institute. They also agreed to donate 50,000 rupees every year. The institute was established in 1909. It had two departments - Department of General and Applied Chemistry and Electro Technology. Morris Travers became the first director of IISc.

Campus
IISc campus is in Malleswaram,  north of Bangalore City railway station. A number of other research institutes are nearby. These are Raman Research Institute, Central Power Research Institute and the Institute of Wood Science and Technology. There are regular bus services between them and IISc.

The campus is home to over 40 departments and centers of sciences. It has more than 3,000 students who are pursuing their undergraduate and postgraduate studies. The facilities on the campus include a library,gymnasium, dining halls and restaurants. There are dormitories for men and women and accommodation for staff members. A visitor's hostel was built in 1990. The campus is full of greenery. It has over 110 species of trees and rare and native plant species. The roads connecting the departments are named after species of trees. For example Arjun Marg (Marg means path in Hindi), Tala Marg and Silver Oak Marg.

Related pages 
 Indian Institute of Astrophysics
 Indian Institute of Technology Bombay

References

Other websites 

 Indian Institute of Science
 Top Universities: Indian Institute of Science

Buildings and structures in India
1909 establishments in Asia
20th-century establishments in India
Dan Waern

Dan Waern (born 17 January 1933 in Sköldinge, Sweden) is a Swedish former middle-distance runner. In 1957, he became the first Swede to run the first sub-four-minute mile. 1957 was also the year he was awarded the Svenska Dagbladet Gold Medal.

In 1961, the IAAF disqualified him for professionalism.

References

1933 births
Living people
Swedish sportspeople
Sköldinge

Sköldinge is a locality in Katrineholm Municipality in Södermanland County in Sweden. In 2010, 604 people lived there.

References 

Settlements in Sodermanland County
Toini Gustafsson

Toini Gustafsson Rönnlund, born Toini Gustafsson, 17 January 1938 in Suomussalmi, Finland) is a Swedish former cross country skier. During the 1968 Winter Olympics in Grenoble she won two individual gold medals. In 1968, she was awarded the Svenska Dagbladet Gold Medal. She was married with Swedish cross-country skier Assar Rönnlund until he died in January 2011.

References

Other websites

1938 births
Living people
Swedish skiers
Lasse Granqvist

Lasse Granqvist, born 25 October 1957 in Solna, Sweden is Swedish a sports journalist. He was active for Sveriges Radio from August 1987 to 15 January 2013. On 1 January 2000 became active for C More Entertainment.

References

Other websites

1957 births
Living people
Swedish journalists
Michel Guimond

Michel Guimond (December 26, 1953 - January 19, 2015) was a Canadian politician. From 1987 to 1993 he served as a city councillor in Boischatel, Quebec. After this, he ran in the 1993 federal election for the Bloc Québécois.

Career
He was elected into the Canadian House of Commons as the member from Beauport—Montmorency—Orléans. He was re-elected in the 1997 and 2000 federal elections (in the riding of Beauport—Montmorency—Côte-de-Beaupré—Île-d'Orléans) and in the 2004 federal election (in the riding of Charlevoix—Montmorency).

In the 2004 and 2008 elections, he won in Montmorency—Charlevoix—Haute-Côte-Nord before being defeated in the 2011 federal election. A lawyer, he has served as the Bloc critic of Parliamentary Affairs, Transport and to the Auditor General.

He then served as whip and deputy whip of the Bloc Québécois, and was also the vice-chair of the Standing Committee on Procedure and House Affairs.

In the 2014 provincial election, he ran unsuccessfully for the Parti Quebecois to represent the riding of Montmorency.

Death
Guimond died of heart failure on January 19, 2015 in Quebec City, Quebec, aged 61.

References

Other websites
 Parliament Webpage 

1953 births
2015 deaths
Cardiovascular disease deaths in Quebec
Deaths from heart failure
Politicians from Quebec
Vladimir Kesarev

Vladimir Petrovich Kesarev (; 26 February 1930 – 19 January 2015) was a Soviet Russian footballer.

He earned 14 caps for the USSR national football team, and participated in the 1958 FIFA World Cup. He was selected in the squad for the first ever European Nations' Cup in 1960, where the Soviets were champions, but did not play in any games at the tournament.

Other websites
Profile (in Russian)

1930 births
2015 deaths
1958 FIFA World Cup players
Russian footballers
Russian football managers
Soviet sportspeople
Sportspeople from Moscow
Miriam Akavia

Miriam Akavia (born Matylda Weinfeld, 20 November 1927 – 16 January 2015) was a Polish-born Israeli writer and translator. She was a Holocaust survivor. Akavia served as president of the Platform for Jewish-Polish Dialogue. She was born in Kraków, Poland.

Akavia died in Warsaw, Poland of natural causes, aged 87.

References

Other websites
 Platform for Jewish-Polish Dialogue

1927 births
2015 deaths
Deaths from natural causes
Holocaust survivors
Jewish Israeli writers
Naturalized citizens of Israel
People from Kraków
Polish Jews
Polish writers
Anne Kirkbride

Anne Kirkbride (21 June 1954 – 19 January 2015) was an English actress. She was best known for playing Deirdre Barlow in the long-running ITV soap opera, Coronation Street, from 1972 to 2014.

On 19 January 2015, Kirkbride died of breast cancer in a Manchester hospital. She was 60 years old. Before she died, Kirkbride was planning to go back to Coronation Street, but never had the chance to do so.

References

Other websites
Anne Kirkbride at the Internet Movie Database
What's on TV profile

1954 births
2015 deaths
Deaths from breast cancer
Cancer deaths in England
English television actors
English movie actors
English stage actors
Actors from Lancashire
People from Oldham, Greater Manchester
Arthit Kamlang-ek

General Arthit Kamlang-ek (31 August 1925 - 19 January 2015; , ) was a Thai general.

He was the Commander-in-Chief of the Royal Thai Army from 1982 to 1986 and parallel the Supreme Commander of the Royal Thai Armed Forces from 1983 to 1986.

References

1925 births
2015 deaths
Arthit Kamlang-ek
José Carrasco

José Carlos Carrasco Távara (1944 – 18 January 2015) was a Peruvian politician. He represented Piura from 2006 through 2011. Carrasco was a member of the Peruvian Aprista Party. He was born in the Sullana Province, Peru.

Carrasco died in Lima, Peru on 18 January 2015 from lung cancer, aged 70.

References

Other websites 

Official Congressional Site

1944 births
2015 deaths
Deaths from lung cancer
Peruvian politicians
Marshmallow creme

Marshmallow creme (also called marshmallow fluff, marshmallow stuff, marshmallow spread, or marshmallow paste) is an American food item. It is a very sweet and spreadable. It is made out of marshmallows. Marshmallow creme and peanut butter are used to create a fluffernutter sandwich. In addition, marshmallow creme and Nutella can be spread on graham crackers to make s'mores.

Marshmallow creme has around 91.3 calories.

References

Snack foods
Chynna Phillips

Chynna Phillips (born February 12, 1968) is an American actress and singer who performed with Wilson Phillips. In the movie Some Kind of Wonderful, she played Mia. She played Mimi in Say Anything.... She is the daughter of The Mamas & the Papas band members Michelle and John Phillips.

Phillips was born in Los Angeles.

References

Actors from Los Angeles
American movie actors
American television actors
Singers from Los Angeles
1968 births
Living people
Carnie Wilson

Carnie Wilson (born April 29, 1968) is an American singer and television host. She sang with Wilson Phillips. She also hosted her own talk show.

Wilson was born in Los Angeles.

References

Musicians from California
American television personalities
1968 births
Living people
Assist (football)

In association football, an assist is a pass or a cross by a player which helps to score a goal. Most commonly, an assist is given to a player for passing or crossing the ball to the scorer.  It may also be awarded to a player whose shot rebounds (off a defender, goalkeeper or goalpost) to a teammate who scores. Some systems may give an assist to a player who wins a penalty kick or a free kick for another player to score. An attacking player for contributing to an own goal can also get an assist. A goal may be unassisted, or have one assist. In some systems, even two assists is possible.

References

Association football
Vejbystrand

Vejbystrand is a bimunicipal locality in Skåne County, Sweden. In 2010,2,721 people lived there. Most people live in Ängelholm Municipality and some in Båstad Municipality.

References 

Settlements in Skane County
Renzo De Felice

Renzo De Felice (8 April 1929 – 25 May 1996) was an Italian historian. He was born in Rieti and studied at the Sapienza University of Rome. In his youth De Felice joined the Italian Communist Party. He left the party after the Hungarian Revolution of 1956. He wrote more than 20 books and a large number of essays based on his extensive research. He was especially known for his studies on fascism. On this subject he was considered an expert.

He spent more than 40 years (1956-1996) of his life writing a biography of Benito Mussolini. He died before completing it. De Felice was considered an historical revisionist. He taught history at the Sapienza University of Rome. He was married to Livia De Ruggiero. De Felice died May 25, 1996 in Rome.

Selected Works
Storia degli ebrei italiani sotto il fascismo, 1961.
The Jews in Fascist Italy. A History, Enigma Books, 2001. Mussolini, 4 volumes, 1965-1997 (Turin, 1965–97)vol. 1, Mussolini il rivoluzionario, 1883–1920; vol. 2, Mussolini il fascista, pt. 1, La conquista del potere, 1921–1925, pt. 2, L’organizzazione dello Stato fascista, 1925–1929; vol. 3, Mussolini il duce, pt. 1, Gli anni del consenso, 1929–1936, pt. 2, Lo stato totalitario, 1936–1940; vol. 4, Mussolini l’alleato, 1940–1945, pt. 1, L’Italia in guerra, 1940–1943, bk. 1, Dalla guerra “breve” alla guerra lunga, bk. 2, Crisi e agonia del regime, pt. 2, La guerra civile, 1943–1945.Le interpretazioni del fascismo, 1969.Il fascismo: le interpretazioni dei contemporanei e degli storici, 1970.Intervista sul fascismo, edited by Michael Ledeen, 1975.Ebrei in un paese arabo: gli ebrei nella Libia contemporanea tra colonialismo, nazionalismo arabo e sionismo (1835-1970)'', 1978.

References 

1929 births
1996 deaths
Italian historians
Nerd Corps Entertainment

Nerd Corps Entertainment is a Canadian computer-animation studio based in Vancouver, British Columbia. Nerd Corps has been world known for Slugterra television series. It airs on Disney XD in Canada and worldwide.
 DHX Media bought the company for $57 million in December 24, 2014.  It became a Subsidiary of DHX Media.

Information
Nerd Corps Entertainment is one of the largest children’s animation studios in North America. Founded by Asaph Fipke and Chuck Johnson in 2002. Nerd Corps has grown from a small operation working out of an apartment in downtown Vancouver to more than 400 artists and storytellers.

Properties 
 Slug-Terra (9 September 2012-Present) (Produced With Family Channel, Disney XD in Canada, Astral Media and distributed by Shout! Factory and Entertainment Eone) 
Endangered Species (5 February 2012)(Jam Filled/Nerd Corps Entertainment)
Kate And Mim-Mim (Produced with FremantleMedia/Disney Junior Original)20 December 2014-2018
League Of Super Evil(14 March 2009)(Nerd Corps Entertainment/Cartoon Network Original)
Rated A For Awesome(16 April 2011)(Disney XD Original/Nerd Corps Entertainment/YTV/DHX)
Storm Hawks(26 May 2007)(Nerd Corps Entertainment/Cartoon Network Original)
Monster High(5 October 2013)(MGA Entertainment/Flying Bark Productions/Nerd Corps)
Max Steel(9 August 2013)(Nelvana/Nerd Corps Entertainment/Mattel Toys)
Hot Wheels Battle Force 5(29 August 2009)(Cartoon Network Original/Hot TV/Nerd Corps)
Dragon Booster(23 October 2004)(Jetix/Nerd Corps Entertainment/CineGroupe/Studiopolis)
ToddWorld(20 November 2004)(TG4 Original/Star Utsav Original/TVOKids Original/CBeebies Original/Discovery Kids Original/Taffy Entertainment/Mike Young Productions/HOT Animation/HIT Entertainment/Telegael Teoranta/DQ Entertainment/C.O.R.E.Toons/Nerd Corps Entertainment)
The Story Hat(5 May 2002)(Nelvana/Doozer/Nerd Corps Entertainment)

References

Other websites  
 Nerd Corps Website

Canadian animation studios
DHX Media
Hungarian Revolution of 1956

The Hungarian Revolution of 1956 or Hungarian Uprising of 1956 ( or ) was a spontaneous nationwide revolt. It was against the government of the Hungarian People's Republic and its Soviet-imposed policies. It lasted from 23 October until 10 November 1956. It was the first major threat to Soviet control since the USSR's forces drove out the Nazis at the end of World War II and took over Eastern Europe. Despite the failure of the uprising, it was highly influential. It played a role in the fall of the Soviet Union decades later.

Prelude 
At the end of World War II Hungary was liberated from the Nazis. It was occupied by the Soviet Union’s Red Army. Hungary's communists were led by General Secretary Mátyás Rákosi and backed by Joseph Stalin. The communists destroyed all political opposition. In 1949 Hungary officially became the People’s Republic of Hungary. Rákosi was an oppressive ruler. He exiled, imprisoned or killed over 300,000 Hungarians. After Stalin died, the soviet communists replaced Rákosi with Imre Nagy. They thought his softer approach would win them popularity. But the Kremlin decided he had become too popular. Rákosi was returned to power in April 1955. His secret police, the AVO, carried out Rákosi's oppressive orders again. Eventually, the Hungarian people got tired of their bad living standards and protested.

When the revolt broke out in October 1956, the Hungarian revolt was very sudden. Nobody had any idea it would sweep the country and break out everywhere all at once. However, there were warning signs that trouble was coming. The Communist Party in Hungary had lost much of its authority and respect. In July of 1956 Rákosi was removed again as leader of the party. He was sent back to the Soviet Union.

Results 
2,500 Hungarians died and thousands were imprisoned. Hundreds of Soviet troops died. 200,000 fled Hungary. Communists in the Western Bloc argued about the Soviet Union intervening to stop the uprising.

References 

1956
1950s in the Soviet Union
20th century in Hungary
Revolutions
Time People of the Year
Substitute (association football)

In association football, a substitute is a player who is brought on to the pitch during a match in exchange for a player who is currently playing. Substitutions can be made for many reasons. Sometimes, they are made to replace a player who has become tired or injured. Substitutes can also replace a player who is playing poorly, or can be for tactics. For example, substitute strikers can be brought on for defenders if the team needs to attack. The term "super-sub" refers to a substitution made by the manager that saves the game. This is generally done by scoring one or more late goals. The goals can equalize or win the team the match. Players who have been called "super-subs" include David Fairclough for Liverpool, Adam Le Fondre for Reading, Ole Gunnar Solskjær and Javier Hernández for Manchester United, and Edin Džeko for Manchester City  among others.

References

Football (soccer) terminology
Water-mixable oil paint

Water-mixable oil paint (also called "water soluble" or "water miscible") is a modern type of oil paint.

It is designed to be thinned and cleaned up with water. This avoids using turpentine, whose fumes may be harmful if inhaled, and is a fires risk. 

Water miscible oil paint can be mixed and used with the same techniques as traditional oil-based paint. When it is still wet, it can be removed from brushes, palettes, and rags with ordinary soap and water. Its water solubility comes from the use of an oil medium in which one end of the molecule has been altered to bind loosely to water molecules, as in a solution.

Another advantage of this type of oil paint is that it dries faster than traditional oils (but slower than acrylics). Also, painters can control the speed of drying with supplementary products from artistic paint suppliers.

References 

Paints
Turpentine

Turpentine (spirit of turpentine, oil of turpentine, wood turpentine) or  turps is a solvent and a source of materials for organic synthesis.

Turpentine is a solvent fluid got by distilling resin from live trees, mainly pines. It is a complex mixture of hydrocarbons. As a solvent, turpentine is used for thinning oil-based paints, for producing varnishes, and as a raw material for the chemical industry.

The word turpentine comes from the Greek word τερεβινθίνη terebinthine, the name of a species of tree, the terebinth tree. 

It is hazardous. It is dangerous to inhale, and can cause fires. Because of this, white spirit (mineral turps) or other substitutes are often used.
They are very different chemically.

Reference 

Organic compounds
American Sniper

American Sniper is a 2014 American drama movie. It is directed by Clint Eastwood. It is based on a book by Chris Kyle called American Sniper: The Autobiography of the Most Lethal Sniper in U.S. Military History. It stars Bradley Cooper in the leading role with Sienna Miller. It was released to positive reviews on December 25, 2014. The movie was nominated for six awards at the 2015 Oscars.

References 

2014 drama movies
American drama movies
English-language movies
Movies based on books
Movies directed by Clint Eastwood
Movies based on the September 11 attacks
SummerSlam (2001)

SummerSlam (2001) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view show made by World Wrestling Federation (WWF). It was held on August 19, 2001 at Compaq Center in San Jose, California. It was the fourteenth SummerSlam event held by the WWF.

The main event saw The Rock defeat Booker T to win the WCW Championship. The Rock won the match by pinfall after he hit the Rock Bottom on Booker T. Another main match was between Steve Austin and Kurt Angle for the WWF Championship. Angle won the match by disqualification after Austin attacked referees. On the undercard, the main match was a steel cage match between the WCW Tag Team Champions Undertaker and Kane and the WWF Tag Team Champions Diamond Dallas Page and Kanyon. The Undertaker and Kane won the match by pinfall after Undertaker executed the Last Ride on Page.

Matches

References

Other websites
Official SummerSlam 2001 website

2001 in professional wrestling
Sports in San Jose, California
SummerSlam
2001 in California
2001 in American television
August events
History of San Jose, California
SummerSlam (2000)

SummerSlam (2000) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view show made by World Wrestling Federation (WWF). It was held on August 27, 2000 at Raleigh Entertainment and Sports Arena in Raleigh, North Carolina. It was the thirteenth SummerSlam event held by the WWF.

The main event saw The Rock defeat Triple H and Kurt Angle in a Triple threat match to retain his WWF Championship. The Rock won the match by pinfall after he hit Triple H with the People's Elbow. A featured match on the undercard saw Kane and The Undertaker fight to a no contest. the match ended in a no contest after Undertaker unmasked Kane. Another main match on the undercard was Edge and Christian (c), The Hardy Boyz (Matt Hardy and Jeff Hardy) and The Dudley Boyz (Bubba Ray Dudley and D-Von Dudley) in the first Tables, Ladders, and Chairs match for the WWF Tag Team Championship. Edge and Christian won the match after they climbed the ladder and grabbed the belts that were hanging above the ring.

Matches

References

Other websites
Official SummerSlam 2000 website

2000 in American television
2000 in professional wrestling
Sports in North Carolina
SummerSlam
20th century in North Carolina
Denis Mack Smith

Denis Mack Smith CBE FBA FRSL (3 March 1920 – 11 July 2017) was a British historian. He has written many books and articles on the history of Italy from the Risorgimento onwards. He wrote biographies of famous Italians in history: Giuseppe Garibaldi, Camillo Cavour, Victor Emmanuel II, and Benito Mussolini. He was born in London.

Career 
Between 1942 and 1945, Smith was an officer in the British War Cabinet. From 1947 to 1962 he was a fellow, tutor and lecturer at the University of Cambridge. From 1962 to 1987 he was a Senior Research Fellow at All Souls College, Oxford. He is an Honorary Fellow at Wolfson College, Oxford and of Peterhouse, Cambridge.

Smith died on 11 July 2017 in London at the age of 97.

Bibliography 
 Cavour and Garibaldi, 1860: A Study in Political Conflict, 1954.
 Garibaldi: A Great Life in Brief, 1956.
 Italy: A Modern History, 1958, revised 1969, completely revised and reprinted as Modern Italy: A Political History, 1997.
 A History of Sicily, with Moses Finley, in two volumes, Medieval Sicily 800-1713 and Modern Sicily after 1713, 1968; abridged and reprinted as the single volume A History of Sicily with Moses Finley and Christopher Duggan, 1986.
 The Making of Italy, 1796-1870, 1968 (editor), reprinted as The Making of Italy, 1796-1866, 1988.
 Great Lives Observed: Garibaldi, 1969 (editor).
 Victor Emanuel, Cavour and the Risorgimento, 1971.
 Vittorio Emanuele II, 1975.
 Mussolini's Roman Empire (Le guerre del Duce), 1976.
 Mussolini, 1981.
 Cavour, 1985.
 Il Risorgimento italiano. Storia e testi, 1987.
 Italy and its Monarchy, 1989.
 Mazzini, 1994.
 La storia manipolata, 1998.

References 

1920 births
2017 deaths
British historians
People from London
Anatol Hrytskievich

Anatol Hrytskievich (; January 31, 1929 – January 20, 2015) was a Belarusian historian. He was a correspondent member of the International Academy of Science of Eurasia (1996–2015), doctor of history (1986–2015), professor (1987–2015). He was born in  Minsk.

Hrytskievich died on January 20, 2015 in Minsk, aged 85.

References

1929 births
2015 deaths
Historians
People from Minsk
Bob Symes

Robert Alexander Schutzmann (6 May 1924 – 19 January 2015) was an Austrian-born British inventor and television presenter.

He was known for his works in Tomorrow's Land and on model railways. Symes was known for his relaxed and gentle but well-informed style on his shows. Symes was born in Vienna, Austria.

Symes died in west Wales from cancer, aged 90.

Other websites
 

1924 births
2015 deaths
Deaths from cancer
British inventors
British television producers
Austrian businesspeople
People from Vienna
Australian twenty-cent coin

The twenty-cent coin was part of the Australian decimal currency system. It replaced the florin on the 14th of February, 1966. The florin was for two shillings. As the system changed, the Australian pound became worth two Australian dollars.

On the obverse side, there is the Queen Elizabeth of Australia. On the other side, there is a platypus, the mascot used for national events.

References

Other websites
 Australian Decimal Currency 
 20 cent coin collection

Currency of Australia
Trypanosoma

Trypanosoma is a genus of parasitic protozoa. There are in the class Kinetoplastida. They are a monophyletic group of unicellular parasitic flagellate protozoa. All trypanosomes are need more than one particular host to complete life cycle. 

Most are transmitted by a vector, usually by blood-feeding invertebrates. There are different mechanisms among the various species. In an invertebrate host they are generally found in the intestine, but in their mammalian host they usually live in the bloodstream or inside cells.

Trypanosomes infect a variety of hosts and cause various diseases, including the fatal human diseases sleeping sickness, caused by Trypanosoma brucei, and Chagas disease, caused by Trypanosoma cruzi.

The mitochondrial genome of the Trypanosoma, and other kinetoplastids, is made of a highly complex series of circles and minicircles. It needs many proteins for organisation during cell division.

References 

Parasites
Protozoa
Robert Knox

Robert Knox (4 September 1791 – 20 December 1862) was a Scottish anatomist, zoologist, ethnologist and doctor. He is best known for the Burke and Hare murders. Some of his work had controversy because he tried to prove that Anglo-Saxons were superior to other people.

Life 

Robert Knox was born in Edinburgh's North Richmond Street to Mary and Robert Knox. His father was a teacher of mathematics and philosophy. He had smallpox as an infant, which blinded his left eye and changed his face. He was educated at the Royal High School, where he bullied his friends.

In 1810, he joined medical classes in Edinburgh. He became interested in transcendentalism.

Knox graduated from Edinburgh University in 1814.

Knox married his wife Susan in 1824.

References

Other websites
Robert Knox MD, FRCSEd, FRSEd 1791–1862: The first Conservator of the College Museum The Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh, Historical Review, 2000. Accessed 23 February 2007.
Collection of prints related to the Burke and Hare murders 

1791 births
1862 deaths
People from Edinburgh
British anatomists
Ambrosia beetle

Ambrosia beetles are beetles of the weevil subfamilies Scolytinae and Platypodinae (Coleoptera, Curculionidae. They live in symbiosis with ambrosia fungi and bacteria. The beetles make tunnels in dead trees where they grow fungal gardens for nutrition.

During their evolution, most weevils became more or less dependant on fungi. Some bark beetles that ate phloem are using more fungi. These beetles are called mycophloeophages.

References

Other websites

 Images and information on the Ambrosia beetle at the University of Florida.
 The MSU HISL database  contains a species list
 American Bark and Ambrosia Beetles

Polyphaga
Platypus (weevil)

Platypus is a weevil genus in the subfamily Platypodinae.

Species 
 Platypus apicalis
 Platypus australis
 Platypus calamus
 Platypus cylindrus
 Platypus contaminatus
 Platypus gracilis
 Platypus hamatus
 Platypus kiushuensis
 Platypus lewisi
 Platypus modestus
 Platypus quercivorus
 Platypus severini
 Platypus solidus
 Platypus taiwansis

Polyphaga
Michel Jeury

Michel Jeury (23 January 1934 – 9 January 2015), also known by his pseudonym Albert Higon, was a French science fiction writer. He wrote over seventy books between 1958 and 2013.

Jeury was born in Razac-d'Eymet, Dordogne.

Jeury died on 9 January 2015 in Vaison-la-Romaine, Vaucluse, aged 80.

References

Other websites

 Michel Jeury at the Internet Speculative Fiction Database

1934 births
2015 deaths
French writers

People from Nouvelle-Aquitaine
Science fiction writers
Hypocenter

The hypocenter (literally: 'below the center') is the site of an earthquake or a nuclear explosion. In an earthquake, it is a synonym of the focus. In the case of a nuclear explosion, it is a synonym of ground zero.

References 

Earth sciences
Bettino Ricasoli

Bettino Ricasoli, 1st Baron Ricasoli, 1st Count of Brolio (29 March 1809 - 23 October 1880) was an Italian statesman. He was born in Florence. Ricasoli served as Mayor of Florence from January 1848 to November of the same year. Member of the "Historic Right", after the Camillo Cavour's death Ricasoli became Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Italy. He was Prime Minister of Italy from 12 June 1861 to 3 March 1862 and from 20 June 1866 to 10 April 1867. He was also twice Foreign Minister, twice Interior Minister and once Minister of War.

In the last years of his life he was mayor of Gaiole in Chianti, a small town near Siena. Ricasoli died in his castle in Broglio, another village near Siena. Ricasoli's private life and public career were marked by the utmost integrity, and by a rigid austerity which earned him the name of the "Iron Baron". He was also a freemason.

Note 

1809 births
1880 deaths
Freemasons
Italian esotericists
Mayors
People from Florence
Politicians from Tuscany
Prime Ministers of Italy
Kinyarwanda

Kinyarwanda is the official language of Rwanda. Many natives in the country speak it.

References

Rwanda
Languages of Africa
Five Nights at Freddy's 2

Five Nights at Freddy's 2 is a survival horror point and click video game. It was created by Scott Cawthon. It is canonically  a prequel to Five Nights at Freddy's. The game was released November 10, 2014.

Five Nights at Freddy's (series)