cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Acid throwing

Acid throwing or vitriolage is a form of violent assault. Sometimes the crime is called acid attack. The attackers throw acid or other corrosive substances at their victims. Usually they throw it at the targets' faces. They want to damage skin tissue, even to expose and to dissolve the bones. The consequences of these attacks include blindness and permanent scars of the face and body.

In India, the number of acid attacks have been rising. There had been 68 acid attacks in Karnataka alone (of which Bengaluru is the capital) since 1999. These are only the cases that have been reported. Unlike India, Bangladesh has introduced the death penalty for throwing acid and laws strictly controlling the sales of acids since 2002. An important role for the introduction of that legislation had the Acid Survivors Foundation.

Acid throwing is a crime in most countries in the world.  Many Islamic countries have the concept of qisas, or retributive justice. With this, a victim can ask that the attacker be disfigured in a similar way. That way, an Iranian court ordered that the attacker of a woman who was blinded by such an attack, be blinded as well.

Epidemiology
According to researchers and activists, countries with many occurrences of acid attacks include Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Cambodia, Vietnam, Laos, United Kingdom, Kenya, South Africa, Uganda, Pakistan, and Afghanistan. Acid attacks have been reported however in countries around the world, including:

 Afghanistan
 Australia
 Bangladesh
 Belgium
 Bulgaria
 Cambodia
 China
 Hong Kong S.A.R.
 Colombia
 France
 Gabon
 Germany
 India
 Indonesia
 Iran
 Ireland
 Israel
 Italy
 Jamaica
 Kenya
 Laos
 Mexico
 Myanmar
 Nepal
 Nigeria
 Philippines
 Pakistan
 Russia
 Sri Lanka
 Sweden
 South Africa
 Taiwan
 Tanzania
 Thailand
 Uganda
 United Kingdom
 United States
 Vietnam

Additionally, evidence for acid attacks exists in other regions of the world such as South America, Central and North Africa, the Middle East, and Central Asia. However, South Asian countries maintain the highest incidence of acid attacks.

Police in the United Kingdom have noted that many victims are scared to come forward to report attacks, meaning the nobody knows how many attacks have happened.

Related pages
 Domestic violence
 Monira Rahman

References

Further reading

Other websites 
 Bangladesh: Acid Attacks in Bangladesh: A Voice for the Victims
 Cambodia: Living in the Shadows: Acid Attacks in Cambodia Report
 China: Hospital offers surgery to victim of acid attack
 South Asia: Acid attacks on the rise in South Asia
 Pakistan: A 16 year old boy was badly injured in an acid attack after he refused a Muslim cleric's sexual advances
 Thailand: 6 teens hurt in acid attack
 Iran: Woman blinded by acid wants same fate for attacker

Domestic violence
Human rights
Hate crimes
Nelly Sachs

Nelly Sachs (; 10 December 1891 – 12 May 1970) was a German-Swedish poet and playwright. She is a Nobel Prize winner and of Jewish descent.

Works 
 In the Dwellings of Death

Other websites 
 Nobel Prize Lecture 

1891 births
1970 deaths
German Nobel Prize winners
German poets
Jewish German writers
Jewish Nobel Prize winners
Nobel Prize in Literature winners
Swedish playwrights
Swedish poets
1594

1594 was a common year in the 16th century.

Events 
 February 27 – Henry IV of France became the king of France.
 March 21 – Henry IV of France entered Paris for the first time.
2008 in science

The year 2008 in science had some important events, listed below.

Events 

 January 15 - NASA's MESSENGER spacecraft makes its first flyby of Mercury at 200 km height.
 August 1 - Total solar eclipse that could be seen in Canada, Siberia, Mongolia and northern China.
 October 6 - NASA's MESSENGER spacecraft makes the second flyby of Mercury.

Deaths 
 April 13 - John Archibald Wheeler, theoretical physicist
 April 16 - Edward Norton Lorenz, mathematician and meteorologist
 April 29 - Albert Hofmann, chemist
 May 15 - Willis Lamb, physicist, winner of the 1955 Nobel Prize in Physics

2008
Years in science
Tikrit

Tikrit sometimes known as Takrit or Tekrit, is a city in Iraq, located  northwest of Baghdad and  southeast of Mosul on the Tigris River. As of 2012, it has a population of 160,000.

At least 80% majority of the people are Sunni. Saddam Hussein, leader of Iraq through April 2003, was born there; he considered it his hometown. He was actually born in a village on the outskirts of Tikrit, however in a part of Tikrit municipality.

References

Other websites 
How Tikrit has Changed the War - Counteroffensive in Tikrit March 2015
Iraq Image - Tikrit Satellite Observation 

Cities in Iraq
2007 in science

The year 2007 in science had some important events, listed below.

Events 

 March 3 - A total lunar eclipse happened that could be seen in some parts of America and Asia, and in all of Europe and Africa.
 March 19 - A partial solar eclipse happened that could be seen in Asia.
 April 25 - The planet Gliese 581 c was found.
 August 28 - A total lunar eclipse happened that could be seen in some parts of America and Asia, and all of Australasia and the Pacific Ocean.
 September 27 - NASA's spacecraft Dawn is launched.

Deaths 
 July 23 - Ernst Otto Fischer

2007
Years in science
White nose syndrome

White nose syndrome (WNS) is a condition which has caused many bats in the United States and Canada to die. The condition is named white nose because the affected bats have a fungus around their nose which is white. It was discovered in February 2006.

The disease was first reported in January 2007 in some New York caves. It spread to other New York caves and into Vermont, Massachusetts and Connecticut in 2008. In early 2009 it was found in New Hampshire, New Jersey, Pennsylvania. West Virginia  In March 2010, it was found in Ontario, Canada, and Middle Tennessee.  In 2012, new cases showed up in northeastern Ohio, and Acadia National Park in Maine. New confirmed cases appeared in 2013 in Georgia, South Carolina, and Illinois.

References

Bats
Fungal diseases
2006 in science

The year 2006 in science had some important events, listed below.

Events 

 January 19 - The NASA spacecraft New Horizons was launched for a journey to Pluto.
 January 25 - The planet OGLE-2005-BLG-390Lb was found.
 February 1 - The dwarf planet Eris was found to be bigger than Pluto.
 March 19 - total solar eclipse that could be seen in Brazil, Greece, mid Atlantic Ocean, Sahara, Turkey, Georgia, Russia, Kazakhstan and Mongolia.
 June 30 - scientists found 9 more natural satellites of Saturn.
 August 24 - Pluto was ordered as a dwarf planet instead of a planet.
 September 13 -  received the name Eris.

Deaths 
 May 14 - Robert Bruce Merrifield, chemist
 May 31 - Raymond Davis, Jr., chemist and physicist.
 August 9 - James Van Allen, American space scientist

2006
Years in science
Missy Peregrym

Melissa "Missy" Peregrym (born June 16, 1982 in Montreal, Quebec, Canada) is a Canadian actress.

Biography

Personal life 
Peregrym lived in Surrey, British Columbia with her mom, dad, and sisters in her early childhood. She played many sports as a child and through her teenage years. She liked to play soccer, lacrosse, snowboarding and hockey. She is currently dating Ben Roethlisberger.

Careers 
Peregrym began her career as a model at the age of 18. Later, she began to do commercials. In 2002, she began acting and guest starring in a few shows, then she made her career breakthrough when she was 24 when she starred in the movie Stick It, where her main character was a tomboy athlete (much like herself).

Living people
1982 births
Ken Follett

Kenneth Martin Follett CBE (born 5 June 1949) is a Welsh writer, known as Ken Follett. He was born in Cardiff, Wales. Follett has written many detective books and history novels. He has sold 100 million copies of his books.

References

1949 births
Living people
Welsh novelists
Writers from Cardiff
British National Party

The British National Party (or BNP for short) is a far-right political party in the United Kingdom. The party's policies promote an end to Third World immigration, right-wing populism and Third position economics. They are British nationalists. They want to "keep Britain British" by not letting people from other countries move to the UK. The party was led by Nick Griffin from 1999 until 2014 and the current leader of the BNP is Adam Walker.

In 2009, the party had 2 MEPs (Members of European Parliament) out of 73 British seats in the European Parliament. Those two seats were held by Griffin and Andrew Brons. It has no seats in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom or the devolved assemblies. 

The BNP was started in 1982 by John Tyndall (politician).

In November 2012 the British Democratic Party was started by Brons. Brons started the party after leaving the BNP in October 2012. Brons wants the BDP to end the BNP. He does not like the BNP because he thinks its ideology is not extreme enough. Griffin lost his seat in the European Parliament in 2014.

Related pages
 Immigration
 European Union
 Race (sociology)

1982 establishments in the United Kingdom
Nationalist organisations in the United Kingdom
Political parties in the United Kingdom
FC Utrecht

FC Utrecht is a football club which plays in the Netherlands.

It was a merger of three clubs from the city of Utrecht: Door Oefening Sterk, USV Elinkwijk and Velox in 1970.

League position

Former position 

1970 establishments in Europe
1970s establishments in the Netherlands
Dutch football clubs
Utrecht (city)
Sparta Rotterdam

Sparta Rotterdam is a football club which plays in Netherlands.

League position

Former position 

Dutch football clubs
Rotterdam
Road number

A road number is usually given to a portion of public roadway. The chosen number often depends on the type of road. The numbers will be different if the road is an interstate, a motorway, an arterial thoroughfare, a two-lane road, and so forth.

United Kingdom
In the United Kingdom, the road number has a letter and a number. It is between 1 and 4 digits long. For instance, the main road from London to Edinburgh is called the A1. The "A" means it is a first class route. This also means it is more important than "B" roads. The A2, A3, A4, A5, A6 begin in London and go towards various towns around the coast. Roads which start in the area between the A1 and the A2 must start with the number 1 (A137, B1412), etc. Scotland is also divided into zones by the A7, A8 and A9 leave from Edinburgh. Motorways have the letter "M", for example the M25. Motorways have a different numbering system from "A" and "B" roads. 

This system is used in other European countries (for example, Spain and France).

Roads
AFC Door Wilskracht Sterk

AFC Door Wilskracht Sterk is a football club which plays in Netherlands.

League position 

Dutch football clubs
Amsterdam
1907 establishments in Europe
1900s establishments in the Netherlands
2005 in science

The year 2005 in science had some important events, listed below.

Events 
 January 26 - The European Space Agency's SMART-1 sends back close range pictures of the lunar surface.
 February 23 - Astronomers announce discovery of the new galaxy VIRGOHI21 that's made mostly of dark matter.
 November 30 - Surgeons in France did the first face transplant.

Deaths 
 February 3 - Ernst W. Mayr, important evolutionary biologist

2005
Years in science
2004 in science

The year 2004 in science had some important events, listed below.

Events 

 January 3 - NASA's Spirit rover lands on Mars.
 January 24 - NASA's Opportunity rover lands on Mars.
 March 2 - NASA says that the area where their Mars probe Opportunity landed shows unmistakable signs of contact with water in the geological past.
 March 4 - NASA's Spirit finds proof of past contact with water in volcanic rocks on Mars.
 April 20 - NASA launched the Gravity Probe B to test the general theory of relativity of Einstein.
 October 27 - The Homo floresiensis has been discovered by Peter Brown, Michael Morwood and their colleagues.
 September 13 - Astronomers from the European Southern Observatory announce images that seem to show a planet orbiting a brown dwarf about 230 light years away.
 November 15 - The SMART-1 space probe reaches orbit around the Moon. It is the first European space mission to do so.

Deaths 
 March 15 - John Pople, British Nobel Prize winning chemist
 July 3 - Andriyan Nikolayev, cosmonaut
 July 28 - Francis Crick, found the double helix in DNA

2004
Years in science
Russian Social Democratic Labour Party

Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP) was a Russian political party. 

It was founded in 1898. The RSDLP program was based on Marxism and socialism. The party wanted to head the workers of Russia and to throw down the Tsar. Some members of the party wanted democracy. They were called "Mensheviks". Other members of the party spoke for the dictatorship of the working class. They were called "Bolsheviks". The leaders of the Menshevik group were Martov and Potresov. The leaders of the Bolshevik group were Plekhanov and Lenin.

The Russian Social Democratic Labour Party was an illegal party. It fought against the autocracy, organized meetings and strikes, and printed illegal newspapers blaming the Tsar and his government. Many members of the party were arrested, put into prison or condemned to penal servitude.

In 1917 Lenin and most Bolsheviks became a separate political party, RSDLP(B), which later became the Russian Communist Party.

During the Russian Civil War, the RSDLP was banned by Communists. Some Social Democrats became Communists, some fled from Russia, others became political prisoners.

Communist parties in Russia
Social democratic parties
1898 establishments in Europe
19th-century establishments in Russia
1898 establishments in Asia
Signed number representations

Signed Number representations are used to solve the problem of representing negative integers in binary. The problem of trying to store the negative sign (−) of a binary number is that there are no states left to use with which to represent the negative assignment. It is not possible to just use 'off' for minus and 'on' for plus because the computer would have no way of knowing whether it was a digit or a sign.

To overcome this issue computer designers invented two methods for storing negative binary numbers: sign-and-magnitude and 2's complement. These produce alternative representations for signed numbers.

Sign-and-magnitude
Sign and Magnitude works by changing the most significant bit (MSB - the first digit) to a 1 if the number is negative, and reduce the number by one, for example:

0000 0010 (2)
will become...
1000 0010 (-2)

This method of storing negative binary numbers does not work because binary arithmetic won't work.

1's complement 

1's Complement works by swapping 1s for 0s and the 0s for 1s for example:
0000 0010 (2)
will become...
1111 1101 (-2)

Much like the sign-and-magnitude method this is easily defined as a negative number because its most significant bit is 1

2's complement
2's Complement is a more difficult way of storing negatives. There are four steps for it:

 Your number must not be using the most significant (leftmost) bit. If it is, you need another bit to represent it.
Find the positive binary number (e.g. 8base 10 = 0000 1000base 2).
 Swap the 1s for 0s and the 0s for 1s (e.g. 0000 1000base 2 becomes 1111 0111base 2).
This is known as "flipping the bits", or applying logical NOT to the original base 2 representation.
 Add 1 (e.g. 1111 0111base 2 + 1base 2 = 1111 1000base 2).

This method is liked because:

 It's like sign and magnitude; a negative number starts with a 1 and a positive number starts with a 0.
 The binary arithmetic will work.
 There is only one value for 0 (0000 0000base 2).

Computer science
Mathematics
Kingpin

The Kingpin (Wilson Fisk) is a fictional character in the Marvel Universe. The character first appears in The Amazing Spider-Man #50 (July 1967), and was created by writer Stan Lee and artist John Romita, Sr. The Kingpin often appears as an adversary of Spider-Man, Daredevil and the Punisher.

Enemies 
Spider-Man
Daredevil
Punisher

Other media 
Police Academy: The Animated Series (1988 - 1989) - Kingpin appears in some episodes with the crimes gang.
Spider-Man (1994) 
Spider-Man: The New Animated Series 
The Spectacular Spider-Man
Kingpin is the main antagonist of both the 2003 movie Daredevil played by Michael Clarke Duncan and the 2015 Netflix original television series Daredevil set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe in which he is played by Vincent D'Onofrio. Kingpin is also the villain of the animated movie Spider-Man: Into the Spider-Verse. 
Fictional characters introduced in the 1960s  
Marvel Comics characters
Spider-Man
Centre Pompidou-Metz

The Centre Pompidou Metz is a museum of modern and contemporary art. It is in Metz, France. It shows sculptures, modern and contemporary paintings and graphic art.

The architecture of the building is inspired by a traditional Chinese hat. The carpentry is an innovative assembly made of sixteen kilometers of wood.

Inaugural exhibition of 2010 
Some elements of the inaugural exhibition were borrow by the Centre Georges Pompidou of Paris, especially:
 La Femme à la guitare, Georges Braque,
 La Tristesse du Roi, Henri Matisse,
 L'Aubade, Nu couché et musicien, Pablo Picasso,
 Le Violon d'Ingres, photographie, Man Ray,
La Maison tropicale, architectural prototype conceive by Jean Prouvé.

Other websites
 Centre Pompidou - Metz

Art museums in France
Grand Est
South Petherton

South Petherton is a small town in Somerset, a county in England. Over 4, 000 people live there. 
It is twinned with the town of Javané, which is in France. 
There are two schools in South Petheton: South Petherton Infants School, which is run by the Church of England and is for children from the age of 4 to 7, and South Petherton Junior School, which is for children aged 7 to 11.

Towns in Somerset
Markup language

A markup language is a computer language. It is made up of a set of instructions, and of data. It is not the same as a programming language, as only programming languages can have if statements and other conditional statements. The first markup languages were used for printing; there was the text, and there were instructions how the text should be printed. The source code is generally done in ASCII. Then there are tags. That way, LaTeX (and with that, Wikipedia), uses the instruction \mu to get the symbol , the Greek letter "Mu". HTML uses &micro; to get the same symbol.

References
Alan Davies

Alan Davies (born 6 March 1966) is an English comedian, writer and actor. He is best known for starring in Jonathan Creek and for being a panellist on QI.

Davies was born in Loughton, Essex. His childhood years were spent in Chingford, London. Davies' mother died when he was six. He graduated in Drama from the University of Kent in 1988.

In 2008, Davies was in the teen comedy Angus, Thongs and Perfect Snogging.

Davies' first book, the autobiographical My Favourite People and Me, 1978-88, was published by Penguin Books in late 2009.

Personal life 
Davies married writer Katie Maskell on 13 January 2007 after a 6-month engagement. The couple met backstage at QI in 2005. Their first child, Susie, was born on 9 December 2009. Their second child, Robert, was born on 18 June 2011.

In late 2007 he made UK national news. The Times and Daily Telegraph reported that Davies was involved in a fight and bit the ear of a homeless man. Davies had just left a wake at the nearby Groucho Club. Davies is no longer allowed at the Groucho Club.

Davies is a fan of Arsenal F.C. and a season ticket holder.

References 

1966 births
Living people
Actors from Essex
Actors from London
Alumni of the University of Kent
Comedians from Essex
Comedians from London
English movie actors
English television actors
People from Chingford

Television personalities from Essex
Television personalities from London
Baní

The Dominican city of Baní is the head municipality of the Peravia province, on the south of the country, close to the Caribbean Sea.

Name
Baní is a Taíno word meaning "ebony" or a similar tree, but the city takes the name from the small river that flows through the city.

History
In 1764, the people that were living in the Peravia Valley bought some land in Cerro Gordo (part of the valley) to build a new town. The new town was given the name of Baní after the river that is found to the east of the town.

After the independence from Haiti in 1844, the country was divided in five provinces and in 1845 Baní was made a municipality of the old province of Santo Domingo. In 1944, Baní was made the capital city of the new province José Trujillo Valdéz, now with the name of Peravia.

Population
The municipality had, in , a total population of 92,153: 44,841 men and 47,312 women. The urban population was  of the total population.

Geography
Baní has a total area of  (without including its municipal districts), about  of the total area of the small province of Peravia. The city is an elevation of , and at  to the west of Santo Domingo.

The western and northern part of the municipality (and of the province) has many mountains that are part of the Cordillera Central ("Central mountain range"); this range is called here Sierra de Ocoa.

To the northeast of the city, there is a small karstic region with small cone-shaped hills that are called here as cucuruchos.

In the southern half of the municipality there are several small valleys and savannas such as the Peravia Valley, where the city of Baní is located, and Sabana de Paya (Paya savanna) around the town of Paya.

West of Baní, the region is very dry and there are not many people living here except close to rivers and to the coast.

The most important rivers in this municipality are Ocoa and Baní rivers.

The municipality of Baní has the Azua province to the west, the San José de Ocoa to the north, the San Cristóbal province to the west and the municipality of Nizao to the southwest. To the south is the Caribbean Sea.

Climate
Baní has a tropical wet and dry savanna climate (Köppen climate classification : Aw) with a pronounced dry season in winter.

The average amount of rainfall for the year in the city is . The month with the most precipitation on average is October with  of rainfall, followed by June with .

The driest season is winter. The month with the least rainfall on average is March with an average of  and the second is January with .

Baní is in a hot region; the average temperature for the year is . The warmest month, on average, is July with an average temperature of . The coolest month on average is January, with an average temperature of .

Administrative division
The municipality of Baní has nine municipal districts:

Gallery

References

Settlements in the Dominican Republic
1764 establishments
18th-century establishments in the Spanish Empire
Morgan Freeman

Morgan Porterfield Freeman Jr. (born June 1, 1937) is an Afro-American actor and movie producer. 

He is also a beekeeper.

Early life
Freeman was born in Memphis, Tennessee on June 1, 1937. He started acting when he was nine years old in a school play and at age 12 won a drama competition in his home State. Morgan worked many acting jobs until 1968 when he got his first role on Broadway in a Musical called Hello, Dolly!. He is known for his soft-spoken voice. He has donated several amounts of money to the Democratic Party. Once he stated that "Republicans scare me."

Some movies
Some movies that Freeman has been in include:
Brubaker as Walter (1980)
Unforgiven as Ned Logan (1992)
The Shawshank Redemption as Red (1994)
Outbreak as Gen. Billy Ford (1995)
Se7en as Detective Lt. William Somerset (1995)
Bruce Almighty as God (2002)
Batman Begins as Lucius Fox (2005)
Evan Almighty as God (2007)
The Dark Knight as Lucius Fox (2008)
Invictus as Nelson Mandela (2009)
RED as Joe (2010)
The Dark Knight Rises as Lucius Fox (2012)
Olympus Has Fallen as Speaker of the House Allan Trumbull (2013)
The Lego Movie as Vitruvius (2014)
Transcendence as Joseph Tagger (2014)
Ted 2 as Patrick Meighan (2015)
London Has Fallen as Vice President Allan Trumbull (2016)
The Nutcracker and the Four Realms as Drosselmeyer (2018)

References

Other websites 

1937 births
Living people
Academy Award winning actors
Actors from Memphis, Tennessee
African American actors
African American movie directors
African American movie producers
American movie actors
American stage actors
American television actors
American television producers
American voice actors
Beekeepers
Democrats (United States)
Golden Globe Award winning actors
Kennedy Center honorees
Screen Actors Guild Award winners
Mikhail Sholokhov

Mikhail Aleksandrovich Sholokhov (;  – 21 February 1984) was a Russian writer. He won the 1965 Nobel Prize in Literature.

And Quiet Flows the Don
Sholokhov was accused of plagiarizing And Quiet Flows the Don, which made his international reputation. Sholokhov's detractors claimed that it was written by Fyodor Kryukov, a Cossack and anti-Bolshevik,  who died in 1920. In 1987, several thousand pages of notes and drafts of the work were discovered and authenticated, including chapters excluded from the final draft. An analysis of the novel has unambiguously proved Sholokhov's authorship. The writing paper dates back to the 1920s: 605 pages are in Sholokhov's own hand, and 285 are transcribed by his wife Maria and sisters.

Legacy
An asteroid in main-belt is named after him, 2448 Sholokhov.

Related pages
 List of Nobel Prize winners by country
List of Russian-language novelists

References

Other websites 

1905 births
1984 deaths
Novelists
Russian Nobel Prize winners
Russian writers
Soviet writers
Dire Straits

Dire Straits was a British rock band from Newcastle, England. They formed in 1977 and have sold more than 120 million albums worldwide and also won three Grammy Awards.

Dire Straits disbanded in 1995.

Albums

Studio albums
 Dire Straits (1978)
 Communiqué (1979)
 Making Movies (1980)
 Love over Gold (1982)
 Brothers in Arms (1985)
 On Every Street (1991)

Other albums
ExtendedancEPlay
Encores  
Alchemy 
On the Night
Live at the BBC  
Money for Nothing 
Sultans of Swing: The Very Best of Dire Straits  
The Best of Dire Straits & Mark Knopfler: Private Investigations

Members

Other websites

Official band members websites
 Mark Knopfler's official website
 David Knopfler's official website
 Hal Lindes' official website
 John Abbey Walk of Life 
 Guy Fletcher's official website jnbjlonbojbikbikhb

Other
 Mark Knopfler's authorised biography, retracing much of the band's life 
 Interview with John Illsley
 Dire Straits interviews, lyrics, photos and guitar tabs 
 

1977 establishments in the United Kingdom
1995 disestablishments in the United Kingdom
1970s British music groups
1980s British music groups
1990s British music groups
Brit Award winners
English rock bands
Grammy Award winners
Music groups from Newcastle upon Tyne
Musical groups disestablished in 1995
Musical groups established in 1977
Warner Bros. Records artists
Kathryn Janeway

Kathryn Janeway is a character in the American TV series Star Trek: Voyager. She is the captain of the starship Voyager.

Star Trek: Voyager characters
Seven of Nine

Seven of Nine is a character in Star Trek: Voyager. She is an ex-Borg and is the science officer on the star ship Voyager.

When she was very young, Seven of Nine was taken on an expedition by her parents, who were studying the Borg. They were all assimilated; Seven of Nine and her parents (this is when the Borg change people or other aliens into Borg).

According to the Borg, Seven of Nine is the first Borg to go back to the life she had before being assimilated.

Star Trek: Voyager characters

de:Figuren im Star-Trek-Universum#Seven of Nine
Jim Gannon

James Paul "Jim" Gannon (born 7 September 1968) is an English former footballer and manager. He is currently the manager and Director of Football of English Conference National team Stockport County F.C..

References

1968 births
Living people
English footballers
Sportspeople from London
Lisa Marie Presley

Lisa Marie Presley (born February 1, 1968) is an American singer-songwriter. She is the only child of singer/actor Elvis Presley. 

She owns Graceland, the mansion her father lived in. She has released three albums.

Early Life
Lisa was born in Baptist Memorial Hospital-Memphis in Memphis, Tennessee , She was growing up with Presley Family lived in Graceland with her parents until Elvis' death in 1977. Nine months to the day after her parents' wedding. After her parents divorced, she lived with her mother in Los Angeles, California, with frequent stays with her father at Graceland in Memphis, Tennessee.

When her father died in August 1977, nine-year-old Presley became joint heir to his estate with her grandfather Vernon Elvis Presley and her great-grandmother Minnie Mae Hood Presley. Upon Vernon's death in 1979 and Minnie Mae's in 1980, she became the sole heir and inherited Graceland. On her 25th birthday in 1993, she inherited the estate, which had grown to an estimated $100 million. In 2004, Presley sold 85% of her father's estate.

In the late 1970s, a year or two after her father's death, she attended her first rock concert when she saw Queen at The Forum in Inglewood, California. She gave Freddie Mercury a scarf of her father's after the show, and expressed her love of theatrics.

Her parents divorced when she was four years old. Lisa was nine years old when her father died, and she was one of the first people to see her father dead on the bathroom floor on her property, Graceland.

Shortly after her father's death, her mother began dating actor Michael Edwards. Lisa Marie was reportedly sexually abused by Edwards when she was between 12 and 15 years old. In an interview with Playboy magazine in 2003, Presley said Edwards had the habit of invading her private room intoxicated and was inappropriate with her.

Personal Life
Presley was married to Danny Keough, Michael Jackson, Nicolas Cage and her present husband Michael Lockwood. She has four children. Two of the children are with Keough. The other two are with Lockwood.

References

1968 births
Living people
American singer-songwriters
Elvis Presley
Singers from Memphis, Tennessee
Dialysis

Dialysis is where a machine is used to replace a kidney after kidney failure. The word dialysis comes from the Greek word dialusis, dia meaning through, and lusis meaning loosening.

Dialysis can be used for people who have become sick and have lost the use of their kidneys for a short time, or for people who no longer have working kidneys. The purpose of the kidney is to keep a balance of water and minerals in the body. These minerals include sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, phosphorous, magnesium and sulfate. The kidneys also take out hydrogen ions from the blood. Dialysis is able to remove these wastes from the body and help keep the minerals in balance.

However the kidneys are also part of the endocrine system and make erythropoietin and calcitriol. Dialysis machines are not able to replace this part of the kidney's function.

How dialysis works 
Dialysis machines work by using diffusion and ultrafiltration. A very fine material, called a membrane, allows blood and fluid to flow through it. In the machine, the blood flows in one direction, and on the other side of the membrane, a special fluid, dialysate flows in the opposite direction, this process is known as osmosis. Dialysate is a fluid that has different chemicals in it, such as potassium and calcium. A doctor would decide what mixture of chemicals would be needed for each patient. The dialysate has bicarbonate in it to lower the higher acid levels that these patients often have. The blood and dialysate mix together. The waste products are removed from the blood and caught up in the fine membrane.

Dialyser 
A dialyser is part of a dialysis machine. The dialyser filters blood like a kidney. It is made of a clear hollow cylinder with two inlets and two outlets. One inlet and outlet is at the upper side and downside which are for blood entrance and exit before and after purification. The other inlet and outlet are beside through which a supporter liquid goes into the dialyser.

A dialyser has very thin fibres of cellulose. The fibres work as a semi-permeable membrane (SPM). There are about 10,000 of them. Impurities such as urea keratin leave through the SPM. Blood cells cannot go through because the blood cells are bigger than the impurities. The whole process of purification is supported by a liquid called dialysate. Dialysate is sent into the dialyser by the pump in the dialysis machine. The pure liquid goes in and the impure dialysate comes out. Dialysers are also called artificial kidneys.

References 

Medical procedures

Organ failure
Kinkajou

The kinkajou is a mammal of the family Procyonidae and it is related to the raccoon, coati, olingo, raingtail and cacomistle. It lives in the rainforests of South America and Central America, and spends most of its time on trees. It can eat both meat and plants and has a gripping tail that can be used like an arm. It is an endangered species because it is being hunted for its fur, meat and to be illegally sold as pets.

Appearance 

Although kinkajous may look like monkeys, lemurs, koalas, opossums, bears or ferrets, they are not related to those animals. An adult kinkajou's weight is between 1-3 kg (3-7 lb). Its body can grow up to 43-56 cm long (17-22 in) and its tail usually measures between 16-22 cm (41- 56 in). The kinkajou has woolly fur consisting of an outer golden (brownish-gray) coat and another gray coat underneath.

References

Procyonids
Omnivores
Veroia

Veroia (or Veria) is a Greek city which is a capital of Imathia prefecture. It is in the north of the Greece, in the central Macedonia periphery. In 2001, 42.794 lived there. 

Cities in Greece
Katerini

Katerini is a Greek city which is the capital of Pieria prefecture in the region of Macedonia. It is found on the foothill of Mount Olympus, the highest Greek mountain. Katerini is located in the periphery of Central Macedonia and it is near Thessaloniki. It has a population of 85,851 inhabitants according to 2011 census.
  

cities in Greece
Drama, Greece

Drama is a Greek city that is the capital of Drama prefecture. It is in the east of Macedonia and it belongs to the East Macedonia periphery. 42,501 people live there.
  

Cities in Greece
Kavala

Kavala is one of the biggest cities in Macedonia. It is the capital of Kavala prefecture. It is in the northeastern part of Greece, in the East Macedonia and Thrace periphery. It is on the Bay of Kavala, across from the island of Thasos. According to the 2001 census, 63,293 people lived there.

References

Cities in Greece
Alexandroupoli

Alexandroupoli (or Alexandroupolis) is a Greek city, in the Thrace periphery. It is the capital of Evros prefecture. Alexandroupolis is in the northeast of Greece, very close to Turkey and Bulgaria. It had 57,812 people according to 2011 census. 

Cities in Greece
Marten

The Martens are small mammals in the family Mustelidae.
They belong to the genus Martes, with eight species. They live in the Northern Hemisphere, and are found in North America, Canada, Europe and Asia.

Description 
Martens are carnivores which mainly hunt at night. They have thin bodies, long, bushy tails, short legs and pointed faces. Their fur is usually brown with pale chest. Martens live in forests. They have claws that retract, like cats, so they can easily climb trees. They live by themselves and do not like other martens living too close to them. They eat mostly small mammals like squirrels, voles, mice, rabbits, but also fish, insects, eggs and sometimes fruits (mostly berries) when available. 

They meet to mate in late spring or early summer and have a litter of up to five babies. Little martens, called 'kits', are born blind and naked in early spring, after long gestation.

Related pages 
Martes zibellina

Mustelids
Karl Landsteiner

Karl Landsteiner (June 14, 1868 - June 26, 1943) was an Austrian doctor. He won the 1930 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for the discovery of human blood types published on 14 November 1901. His blood type is O.

References 

1868 births
1943 deaths
Austrian scientists
Austrian Nobel Prize winners
Austrian physicians
Otto Heinrich Warburg

Otto Heinrich Warburg (October 8, 1883 - August 1, 1970) was a German chemist. He won the 1931 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for the discovery of the respiratory enzyme.

References

1883 births
1970 deaths
German chemists
German Nobel Prize winners
Charles Scott Sherrington

Charles Scott Sherrington (27 November 1857 – 4 March 1952) was an English doctor. He won the 1932 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, with Edgar Douglas Adrian, for discoveries about neurons.

References 

1857 births
1952 deaths
Alumni of the University of Cambridge
English physicians
British Nobel Prize winners
Ruhla

Ruhla is a German city in the west of Thuringia. Next bigger Cities are Eisenach and Erfurt. About 6,500 people live there.

Sights 
There is a park with miniatures of sights of Thuringia in Ruhla. 

The town has a rare angle church called St. Concordia.

References 

Urban Districts of Thuringia
Eddie May

Eddie May (born August 30, 1967) is a former Scottish footballer.  He also was the head coach of Falkirk.

References

1943 births
Living people
Scottish footballers
Scottish football managers
Chakotay

Chakotay is a character from the science fiction television show Star Trek: Voyager. He is Kathryn Janeway's second-in-command on the starship Voyager.  Actor Robert Beltran played Chakotay.

References

Star Trek: Voyager characters
Tuvok

Tuvok (full title, Lt. Commander Tuvok) is a character on the science fiction television show Star Trek: Voyager. He is a Vulcan and is the security officer on Voyager.

Star Trek: Voyager characters

de:Figuren im Star-Trek-Universum#Lieutenant Commander Tuvok
Suprachiasmatic nucleus

The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), is a small nucleus in the hypothalamus. It is in middle of the brain. It is right on top of the optic chiasma.  

It is our "body clock", and controls our daily rhythms by hormones and nerve impulses. With its various cell types, it puts out peptides such as vasopressin and vasoactive intestinal peptide) and neurotransmitters.

The SCN controls when we get sleepy, when we wake up, when we are active and when we get hungry. The SCN gets information about light and dark from the retina in the eye so it can adjust itself to the true 24 hours. To do this it uses only about 20,000 neurons.

The SCN also exchanges information with many other parts of the brain. It uses many different types of cells and many different types of peptides (including vasopressin and vasoactive intestinal peptide) and neurotransmitters.

References 

Anatomy of the brain
Sleep
Mollie Sugden

Mary Isobel 'Mollie' Sugden (21 July 1922 – 1 July 2009) was an English comedy actress best known for playing saleswoman Mrs. Slocombe in the popular British sitcom Are You Being Served? from 1972 to 1985. She later played the same role in Grace & Favour, which ran from 1992 to 1993. Sugden also appeared in The Liver Birds and Coronation Street. 

Sugden was born in Keighley, West Riding of Yorkshire. She died at the Royal Surrey County Hospital in Guildford on 1 July 2009 of unspecified natural causes.

References

Other websites 

Mollie Sugden  at TV.com

1922 births
2009 deaths
Actors from Yorkshire
English movie actors
English stage actors
English television actors
London Underground 1938 Stock

The London Underground 1938 Stock is a deep-level tube stock that runs on the London Underground from 1938 to present. During their long lives they work on the Bakerloo, Northern, Piccadilly, East London and Central lines. 

These trains do still run on the London Underground. The trains were built by Metro-Cammell and Birmingham RC&W. Some trains still run on the Isle of Wight's Island Line as the class 483. In March 2007, South West Trains purchased the rolling stock outright from HSBC Rail for £1. They are the oldest trains used on timetabled services on the National Rail network.

Background
The 1938 tube stock was built as part of the London Passenger Transport Board's New Works Programme, that took place between 1935–1940. The trains are mainly meant to be used on the Northern and Bakerloo lines. Seven more trains were also to be used on the Piccadilly line.

During the 1950s and 1960s the Northern Line only used 1938 and 1949 tube stock trains. These trains were starting to show how old they are by the late 1960s. The first trains were withdrawn from the Northern line in the early 1970s when they were replaced by the 1972 tube stock trains. Some units are still in service from preservation.

References

1938
Metropolitan Cammell multiple units
Mayday Parade

Mayday Parade is an American emo band. Its band members are Derek Sanders, Jeremy Lenzo, Alex Garcia, Brooks Betts, and Jake Bundrick. The band was created in Tallahassee, Florida. It was signed to Fearless Records from 2006 until 2009, when they signed to Atlantic Records.

Discography

Studio albums

EPs

Compilation appearances
Punk Goes Acoustic 2 with "Three Cheers for Five Years" (Acoustic)
Warped Tour 2007 Tour Compilation with "Black Cat"
Warped Tour 2008 Tour Compilation with "Jamie All Over"
LBM Music Compilation Vol. 3 (Fall Edition) with "Jamie All Over"
Punk Goes Pop 2 with the song "When I Grow Up" by Pussycat Dolls

References

Other websites
 Mayday Parade at MySpace

American rock bands
American punk bands
emo bands
Musical groups from Florida
People from Tallahassee, Florida

2000s American music groups
Fats Domino

Antoine  "Fats" Domino (February 26, 1928 – October 24, 2017) was an American R&B and rock and roll pianist and singer-songwriter. He was born in New Orleans, Louisiana. Five of his records released before 1955 sold over a million copies and were certified as gold records, and he had 35 records in the U.S. Billboard Top 40. His musical style was based on traditional rhythm and blues, accompanied by saxophones, bass, piano, electric guitar, and drums.

Domino died on October 24, 2017 at his home in Harvey, Louisana aged 89, after a long illness.

References

Other websites
 Hear Fats Domino on the Pop Chronicles

African American musicians
American pianists
American R&B singers
American R&B musicians
American rock musicians
American rock singers
American singer-songwriters
Musicians from New Orleans, Louisiana
Singers from New Orleans, Louisiana
Writers from New Orleans, Louisiana
1928 births
2017 deaths
Warner Bros. Records artists
The Swell Season

The Swell Season are Glen Hansard, from the Irish band, "The Frames", and Marketa Irglova, a classically trained Czech pianist and singer. They won the Academy Award for Best Song in 2008.

The pop/rock duo made their first recording, The Swell Season, in 2006. This was just after the release of the Frames' sixth CD, The Cost. Hansard and Irglová also appeared as working-class immigrants in the popular Irish movie, Once, which was shown at the Sundance Film Festival in 2007. The following year, they won an Oscar, the Academy Award for Best Song for the movie's hit single, "Falling Slowly,". Hansard became the first Irish-born person to win in that category. Irglová became the first Czech woman to win an Oscar, and at age 19, she is the youngest person to win an Oscar in a musical category.
The Swell Season became famous as a result. The soundtrack recording, Once: Music from the Motion Picture went gold in February 2008. They went on tour and performed to sold-out crowds in many countries.

During the tour, Hansard and Irglová began dating. Hansard said, "I had been falling in love with her for a long time, but I kept telling myself she's just a kid".  Hansard and Irglová also recorded a version of Bob Dylan's "You Ain't Goin' Nowhere" for the movie I'm Not There in 2007. In 2009, Hansard said that he and Irglova were no longer romantically linked, and that they are now "good friends."

Hansard and Irglová performed the song live on the Oscar broadcast at Los Angeles' Kodak Theater on February 24, 2008. When they went on stage to receive their awards, her acceptance speech was stopped by the orchestra's music cue to leave the stage. Host Jon Stewart asked her back to deliver her speech following the commercial break. Ceremony director Gil Cates said the early cue was an accident.

She said:
“Hi everyone. I just want to thank you so much. This is such a big deal, not only for us, but for all other independent musicians and artists that spend most of their time struggling, and this, the fact that we’re standing here tonight, the fact that we’re able to hold this, it’s just the proof that no matter how far out your dreams are, it’s possible. And, you know, fair play to those who dare to dream and don’t give up. And this song was written from a perspective of hope, and hope at the end of the day connects us all, no matter how different we are. And so thank you so much, who helped us along way. Thank you.”

Musical duos
Academy Award winners
Ted Stevens

Theodore Fulton "Ted" Stevens, Sr. (November 18, 1923 – August 9, 2010) was a Republican U.S. Senator from Alaska. He served in the United States Senate for 40 years from 1968 to 2009. He was the 87th President Pro Tempore of the Senate from 2003–2007. For his services as president pro tempore, Senator Stevens was named as only the third President pro tempore emeritus of the United States Senate. Even by Senate standards, Stevens was extremely effective at getting billions of dollars in federal funds for Alaska. He was so effective at it he was nicknamed "uncle Ted". The airport in Anchorage, Ted Stevens Anchorage International Airport was named after him in 2000. Stevens was born in Indianapolis. In 2010, Stevens died in a plane crash in Alaska at the age of 86.

Career

Early career and education 
Stevens was born on November 18, 1923 in Indianapolis, Indiana.

World War II pilot 
In World War II Stevens joined the US Army Air Corps as a pilot. He flew transport planes in China supporting the Flying Tigers. He was awarded two Distinguished Flying Crosses, two Air Medals and the Yun Hai Medal by the Republic of China.

Political career 
After serving in the Second World War, he went into law in Fairbanks, Alaska where he became a US Attorney soon after. When Dwight Eisenhower was president, Stevens worked in the Interior and helped to make Alaska a state. In 1968 he was appointed to the Senate, where he served for the next forty years. While in the Senate he was known for taking action for his own state: preserving Alaskan wilderness areas, protecting fisheries, and building the Trans Alaska Pipeline. He also helped set up the US Olympic Committee. In 2008 he was charged with major crimes related to corruption days before his reelection, which he lost to Mark Begich. He planned on trying to get his Senate seat back after he the charges were dropped, but he died in a plane crash in the Alaskan wilderness in 2010.

References

1923 births
2010 deaths
Lawyers from Indianapolis, Indiana
American military personnel of World War II
Aviation deaths in the United States
Burials at Arlington National Cemetery
Episcopalians
Minority leaders of the United States Senate
Harvard University alumni
People from Fairbanks, Alaska
Politicians from Indianapolis, Indiana
Businesspeople from Indianapolis, Indiana
Businesspeople from Alaska
Presidents pro tempore of the United States Senate
United States senators from Alaska
Lawyers from Alaska
Red Hat Enterprise Linux

Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) is a Linux distribution developed by Red Hat for the commercial market. Red Hat Enterprise Linux is released in server versions for x86-64, Power ISA, ARM64, and IBM Z and a desktop version for x86-64. All of Red Hat's official support and training, together with the Red Hat Certification Program, focuses on the Red Hat Enterprise Linux platform.

See also 
 Red Hat

References

Further reading
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Red Hat Developer Toolset
 Red Hat Software Collections

Other websites
 
 Brian Stevens, CTO and vice president of engineering, Red Hat on why Red Hat Enterprise Linux is "The Business OS for Flexibility and Value"
 

ARM Linux distributions
Enterprise Linux distributions
IA-32 Linux distributions
Power ISA Linux distributions
Red Hat software
RPM-based Linux distributions
X86-64 Linux distributions