cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Dyke (geology)

A dyke (or dike) in geology is a type of later vertical rock between older layers of rock. Technically, it is any geologic body which cuts across:

a) flat wall rock structures, such as bedding.

b) massive rock formations, usually igneous in origin.

Dikes can therefore be either pushed in between (intrusive) or laid down (sedimentary) in origin.

The most usual thing that happens is that later volcanic activity pushes lava through strata which were laid down earlier in a sedimentary fashion, or through earlier igneous rocks. On the Isle of Arran, for example, there are hundreds of igneous dykes giving rise to the term dyke swarm. 

Alternatively, sedimentary rocks can be laid down in vertical gaps between strata. Or, after underwater earthquakes, gaps caused by the earthquake can be filled in with breccia, that is, broken rocks.

Dykes are a common, almost universal, feature of the older Palaeozoic rocks.

Another type of intrusion is the sill, where later rock is formed between older layers, not through them.

Rocks
Angie Dickinson

Angeline Dickinson (née Brown; born September 30, 1931) is an American actress. She starred in the features Dressed to Kill and Pay it Forward. She was also the star of the television series Police Woman. Her daughter Nikki (born in 1966) committed suicide in January 2007.

1931 births
Living people
Actors from North Dakota
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
Sill (geology)

In geology, a sill is a flat sheet-like intrusion. As molten magma, it pushed between older layers of rock. The older rock may be sedimentary rock, beds of volcanic lava or tuff, or metamorphic rock. 

The sill does not cut across preexisting rocks, unlike dykes. Sills are fed by dykes as they form from a lower magma source. The existing rocks must split to create the planes along which the magma moves in. These planes or weakened areas allow the intrusion of a thin sheet-like body of magma paralleling the existing strata. When it cools and crystallises, it is then a sill.

Igneous rocks
Enantiomer

In chemistry, an enantiomer is a special kind of isomer. It is a molecule that looks exactly like another one when viewed in a mirror. The subject of mirror-image chemicals is known as chirality.

If you try to put the two molecules on top of each other, they will not be the same (they will not superimpose). This is because they have one chiral centre. It is important that they only have one, otherwise the two molecules are called diastereoisomers.

Both enantiomers of a molecule have the same basic properties. For example, they have the same boiling point and NMR spectrum. Therefore they are difficult to separate. It is sometimes very important to separate them because in some drug molecules one enantiomer might have the right effect but the other might be dangerous. One famous example is thalidomide: one enantiomer of the molecule causes birth defects.

Difference between a chiral molecule and enantiomers

A chiral molecule is a molecule that is not superimposable on its mirror image, while enantiomers are the set (all of) the molecules which are mirror images of eachother

Molecule A and B have mirror images (A' and B' respectively). A' and B' are not superimposable on A and B, thus, both A and B are chiral molecules since their mirrors are not the same as the originals, but only [ A and A' ] and/or [ B and B' ] are enantiomers.

In other words, a chiral molecule X is chiral if its image X' is not the same, while the set of both [ X and X' ] are enantiomers.

References

Stereochemistry
Aldol reaction

The aldol reaction is a very important reaction in organic chemistry. It allows to form new carbon-carbon bonds. It was discovered in 1872.

The reagents are two carbonyl compounds together with a base. A proton is removed from one of them forming a negative charge on the α-carbon (the carbon just next to the C-O double bond). The negative charge can then attack the other carbonyl compound, forming the bond. The product is a β-hydroxy carbonyl compound, a molecule with a C-O double bond and an alcohol two carbon atoms down the chain. This reaction is very powerful because it can form a big molecule from two smaller ones.

Modern ways of doing the aldol reaction also allow to control the stereochemistry of the product. This is a very good way to create new chiral centres.

References

Organic reactions
Ryu Hyun-Jin

Ryu Hyun-Jin ( born March 25, 1987 in Incheon, Gyeonggi-do) is a South Korean professional baseball player. He is 6 ft 2 inches tall and weighs 215 lbs. He is a left-handed pitcher.

He plays for the Toronto Blue Jays. In the past, he played for the Los Angeles Dodgers.

Amateur career 
Ryu Hyun-Jin went to Dongsan High School in Incheon, South Korea.

In 2003, Ryu pitched for his school in the Michoohall National High School Championship. He recorded an 0.00 ERA in 3 games.

In 2004, he went through the Tommy John surgery. So he did not show up in any official games.

In 2005, he led his team to the top place of the Blue Dragon Open National High School Championship. He pitched 1.54 ERA in 53 and 2/3 Innings, earning 6 wins and 1 loss.

Professional career 
Ryu Hyun-Jin played well in the Amateur League. So Ryu was selected by the Hanwha Eagles as the 1st pick in 2006. His professional league debut was on  April 12, 2006 pitching against LG Twins. That day he earned his first league win. He allowed only 3 hits and no runs for 7 and 1/3 innings. He became a sensation in the league from his debut. And finished the season with 18-6, 2.23 ERA and 205 strikeouts in 201 and 2/3 innings. In his first year, he got the pitching Triple Crown, and was named both Rookie of the year and Player of the Year.

Since then, Ryu kept his place as a top pitcher in the league. And he won many personal titles.

International career 
In August 2008, Ryu played for the South Korea national baseball team in the 2008 Beijing Olympics. The South Korea national baseball team won the gold medal. For this, Ryu does not have to join the Military for 2 years like other men in South Korea.

In March 2009, he played for the South Korea national baseball team in the 2009 World Baseball Classic. His team finished in second place.

In 2010, Ryu played in the 2010 Asian Games. The South Korea national baseball team won the gold medal.

Desire to play in the Major League Baseball 
Ryu always showed his wish to play in the Major League Baseball. The Korea Baseball Organization allows their players to make a contract with a Major League team after playing 7 years in the Korean League. But the agreement of the player's original team is needed. After the 2012 season, Ryu used this rule to play in the Major League Baseball league. The Los Angeles Dodgers suggested $25,737,737.33 to get the agreement from his original team, the  Hanwha Eagles. Hanwha Eagles accepted the suggestion, and the Los Angeles Dodgers and Ryu agreed on his salary and contract years on December 10, 2012.

Living people
1987 births
South Korean baseball players
Los Angeles Dodgers players
Skyfall

Skyfall is a 2012 spy movie and the twenty-third in the James Bond series produced by Eon Productions. The movie is the third to star Daniel Craig as fictional MI6 agent James Bond and includes Javier Bardem as Raoul Silva, the villain, and Judi Dench, as M. It was directed by Sam Mendes and written by Neal Purvis, Robert Wade, and John Logan, and features the theme song "Skyfall", written and performed by Adele. It was distributed by Sony Pictures Releasing. The movie centres around Bond investigating an attack on MI6; the attack is part of a plot by former MI6 operative Raoul Silva to humiliate, discredit and kill M as revenge against her for betraying him. It sees the return of two recurring characters after an absence of two movies: Q, played by Ben Whishaw, and Miss Moneypenny, played by Naomie Harris.

Mendes was approached to direct after the release of Quantum of Solace in 2008. Development was suspended when MGM ran into financial trouble, and did not resume until MGM emerged from bankruptcy in December 2010; meanwhile the original screenwriter, Peter Morgan, left the project. When production resumed, Logan, Purvis, and Wade continued writing what became the final version. Filming began in November 2011, primarily in the United Kingdom, with smaller portions shot in China and Turkey.

Skyfall premiered at the Royal Albert Hall, London, on 23 October 2012 and was released in the UK on 26 October and in North America on 9 November. It was the first James Bond movie to be screened in IMAX venues, although it was not filmed with IMAX cameras. The release coincided with the 50th anniversary of the series, which began with Dr. No in 1962. Skyfall was very well received by critics, who praised its screenplay, acting (particularly by Craig, Bardem, and Dench), Mendes's direction, Deakins's cinematography, Thomas Newman's musical score, and action sequences. It was the fourteenth movie to gross over $1 billion worldwide, and the only James Bond movie to do so. It became the seventh-highest-grossing movie of all time, the highest-grossing movie in the UK, the highest-grossing movie in the series, the highest-grossing movie worldwide for both Sony Pictures and MGM, and the second-highest-grossing movie of 2012. The movie won several accolades, including two Academy Awards, two BAFTA Awards and two Grammy Awards.

The next movie in the series, Spectre, was released in North America in November 2015, with Craig reprising his role, Sony Pictures returning to distribute, and Mendes returning to direct.

Sources

Other websites 
 

2012 movies
2010s action movies
2012 crime movies
2010s spy movies
2012 thriller movies
James Bond movies
Movies set in London
Movies set in China
Movies set in Turkey
Movies set in Scotland
Movies set in islands
English-language movies
Movies that won the Best Original Song Academy Award
Movies directed by Sam Mendes
Tomb of Zechariah (Ben Jehoiada)

The Tomb of Zechariah (Zechariah Ben Jehoiada) is a famous grave in the Mount of Olives Jewish Cemetery, Jerusalem.

Other websites 

Mount of Olives
Buildings and structures in Jerusalem
Monuments and memorials in Israel
Burial monuments and structures
Tomb of Absalom

Tomb of Absalom () is a famous monument grave. According to the Jewish religion, it is the tomb of Absalom, son of King David. The monument is next to the Tomb of Zechariah monument grave in Mount of Olives Jewish Cemetery in Jerusalem.

Other websites 

Virtual Tour of Jerusalem. Offers 360-degree view from front of Absalom's Pillar.

Mount of Olives
Buildings and structures in Jerusalem
Monuments and memorials in Israel
Burial monuments and structures
Tomb of Nicanor

The Tomb of Nicanor  (also called the Cave of Nicanor) is a famous ancient cave. According to the Jewish tradition, this is the grave of Nicanor, who built the doors on the First Temple in Jerusalem. Two famous Zionist activists were buried there: Leon Pinsker and Menachem Ussishkin.

National Pantheon of Israel 
They planned to turn it into a national pantheon (monument) for the Jewish people. After the establishment of the state of Israel the national pantheon was established on Mount Herzl in the west side of the city. The cave is located in the National Botanic Garden of Israel in the campus of Hebrew University of Jerusalem in Mount Scopus.

Other websites 

  Tomb of Nicanor  in the Hebrew University - Mount Scopus Botanic Garden

Archaeological sites in Israel
Buildings and structures in Jerusalem
Caves
Cemeteries in Israel
Hebrew University of Jerusalem
Mount Scopus
National cemeteries
Bezalel Academy of Art and Design

Bezalel Academy of Arts and Design is the national academy of art and design of Israel. It is located in Mount Scopus, with some other small campuses in Jerusalem and Tel Aviv.

Other websites 

 Bezalel Academy web site 
 Bezalel Catalogue of Student Works 
 Timeline of Bezalel Academy history 
 absolutearts.com/artsnews
 Zionism and Art: Bezalel Narkiss Speaks in 'Israel at 50' Series

Mount Scopus
Buildings and structures in Jerusalem
Colleges and universities in Israel
Bahá'í World Centre

The Bahá'í World Centre is the headquarters of the Bahá'í Faith. It is located in Haifa, Israel on Mount Carmel. The Bahá'í World Centre includes the World Bahá'í Archive, Universal House of Justice of the Baha'i Faith, International Center for advisors, and the Scripture Study Center. There are many Baha'i believers in Haifa and Acre.

Other websites 

www.bahai.org - Official website

Photos - The Bahá'í Gardens in Haifa: the Shrine of the Bab Terraces & Gardens

Bahá'í Faith
Buildings and structures in Haifa
Religion in Israel
Religious buildings
Eddie Bracken

Edward Vincent "Eddie" Bracken (February 7, 1915 – November 14, 2002) was an American movie, television, stage, radio, voice actor, and comedian. He was known for his roles in The Miracle of Morgan's Creek, Fun on a Week-end, Baby's Day Out, Home Alone 2: Lost in New York, and in We're Not Married!.

Bracken was born on February 7, 1915 in Queens, New York. He was married to Connie Nickerson from 1939 until her death in 2002. They had five children. Bracken died on November 14, 2002 in Glen Ridge, New Jersey after going into surgery, aged 87.

References

Other websites

1915 births
2002 deaths
Deaths from surgical complications
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American radio actors
American voice actors
Comedians from New York City
American television personalities
American radio personalities
Actors from New York City
David Newell

David Newell (born November 24, 1938) is an American television and voice actor who is known for his television role as Mr. McFeely in Mister Rogers' Neighborhood. He also voiced the character in Daniel Tiger's Neighborhood. In 2018, he appeared in the Fred Rogers documentary Won't You Be My Neighbor?.

Newell was born on November 24, 1938 in O'Hara Township, Pennsylvania. He was raised in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Newell studied at Pittsburgh University.

References

Other websites

1938 births
Living people
American television actors
American voice actors
Actors from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
The Crucible (2011 movie)



Plot

Kang In-ho starts a new job as a music teacher in Music Jayae school (a special school for the disabled) thanks to the professor's introduction. In-ho felt awkward for the first day by watching the scene of severe rape and hearing strange sounds from a restroom. He came to know a woman who worked for human rights at the garage. In-ho heard shocking stories from a student named Yeon-du. Yeon-du, Yoo-Ri, and Min-Su were sexually assaulted by the teachers. There is a similarity that the students have no parents or parents who suffer from mental diseases. After listening to the disturbing stories, In-ho and Yoo-jin decided to fight against the school, resulting in the local news press informing the general public about the incident and the attacker appeared before the judge.

Cast

Kang In-ho (real name:Gong Yoo) and Seo Yoo-jin (real name:Jung Yoo-mi) are the main characters of this movie. Kang In-ho is a teacher who started for his new post as a music teacher in Mujin Jayae school. At first, he ignored the situation that occurred in school for his family. However, he changed his mind while he watched mistreatments committed towards the disabled students. Finally, he decided to help poor students and fight against powerful men in the school. Seo Yoo-jin is a human rights activist in Mujin. One day, she knew that the disabled students in Jayae school were physically attacked by school officers and she started aggressively resisting school with Kang In-ho. Actor Gong Yoo and actress Jung Yoo-mi were highly acclaimed by reviewers and the audience because of their calm performances without overaction. Also, the children who acted like the disabled had put on splendid acting.

Reflect the society

In 2005, the “Gwangju Inhwa School affair” became known to the general public for the first time, but there was no obvious punishment. However, as the movie The Crucible was a box office hit, many people took an interest in this affair and it brought forth much change to society. Woo-seok corporate body, one of the social welfare foundations, which operated Inhwa School received a cancellation notice from the government. Also, the man who was concerned with this affair suffered a punishment. He denied all charges pressed against him. However, a lie detector gave the lie to his speech. Moreover, the National Assembly prepared a revision about punishment of sexual violence crime. Therefore, in the case of sexual violence against children under thirteen or disabled women, the statute of limitations was abolished.

References 

2011 movies
Korean-language movies
Medical assistant

A medical assistant (sometimes called an MA) is a medical professional who works in medical settings along with doctors and nurses. They do things to help doctors and nurses with their jobs, and may perform many different tasks.

Some medical assistants are similar in some ways to a nurse. They take care of patients in hospitals and other medical facilities, and they perform other tasks to help run the office. They are different from a nurse mainly in that medical assistants cannot plan out what a patient's care will be like. They can only do what a nurse or a doctor instruct them to do.

Other types of medical assistants work in the reception area of a doctor's office, similar to a secretary. These medical assistants may file paperwork, update medical records, and greet patients.

Education

Medical assistants usually go to school for between one and two years. They may hold an associate's degree, or in some cases a certificate if they already have an associate's degree in something else.

Pay range
Medical assistants tend to earn between $20,000 and $40,000 a year in salary. Factors that influence a Medical Assistant's salary can be their location, the amount of training they have, the amount of time they've been working as a medical assistant, and the skills they've learned while working.

References

Healthcare occupations
Scalping

Scalping is the act of removing the scalp, or a part of the scalp, from a dead body or another living person. The scalp would serve as a trophy from battle or proof of a warrior's skill. Scalping was also done for money, when the scalper was given a certain amount of money as a reward for each scalp of the enemy they acquired.

Scalping was often done during the colonisation of North America. It was practised by certain nations of Native Americans, but this was not the norm. It was also done by European colonists. Some United States and Mexican territories paid bounties for enemy Native American scalps.

In Australia, scalping of dingos was a widespread form of bounty hunting. It began in 1912, when the government of South Australia decided to pay people money for dingo scalps, to reduce attacks on livestock. This was also done in Western Australia and the Northern Territory.

References

Violence
Angkaliya Curtis

Angkaliya Curtis (born c. 1928) is an Australian Aboriginal artist. She paints animals from the central Australian desert.

Early life
Curtis was born around 1928, at a place called Miti, in north-western South Australia. Her family are Pitjantjatjara people. They lived a traditional nomadic way of life in the desert, often walking long distances from place to place in search of food and water. While living in the bush with her family, Curtis learned about the sacred law of the land from her mother and grandmother. They taught her about the Dreamtime and her family's spiritual ancestors, about bush food and traditional healing. She also learned about traditional crafts. She made ceremonial belts and  (head rings) by spinning hair on a hand-made spindle.

When Curtis was still a child, she travelled with her mother to what is now Watarru, her mother's homeland. The family lived for a time on cattle stations, and traded dingo scalps and rabbit skins for flour, tea and sugar. They later settled on the mission at Ernabella. When she was older, Curtis married a man named Bill, and worked at Ernabella spinning wool and making rugs.

In the 1960s, she moved back west (closer to her homeland) when the outstation at Amaṯa was established. She now lives at Nyapaṟi.

Artwork
Curtis is best known for her acrylic paintings, but she is also still involved in traditional handicraft work (making grass baskets and wooden carvings). The most visible motif in Curtis' paintings are her representations of animals. Her works stand out against other artists from her region because of her subtle use of colours.

Her work has been exhibited around Australia since 2007. It was first shown internationally in 2010, in San Sebastian, Spain. Examples of her paintings are displayed in the Queensland Gallery of Modern Art, the Museum and Art Gallery of the Northern Territory, the National Gallery of Victoria, the National Gallery of Australia, and the Australian National University.

Curtis was a finalist for the National Aboriginal & Torres Strait Islander Art Award in 2010 and 2011. She was also one of 16 finalists for the Western Australian Indigenous Art Award in 2011.

References

1928 births
Living people
Australian painters
Indigenous Australian artists
Pitjantjatjara
Artists from South Australia
24

24 is a year in the 1st century. It was a leap year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Cethegus and Varro.

Events

Roman Empire 
 Roman war against Numidia and Mauretania ends.
 Servius Cornelius Cethegus and Lucius Visellius Varro become consuls.
 Charmides becomes Archon of Athens.
 Philo declares that the Old Testament is the eternal law of God.

Asia 
 King Yuri rises to the Silla (Korea) throne.

Africa 
 End of the Masinissa line of the rulers of Carthage.
 End of Tacfarinas' revolt against the Roman Empire.

Births

Deaths 
 Strabo, Greek geographer
 Namhae, king of Silla

24
25

25 is a year in the 1st century. was a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Lentulus and Agrippa

Events

Roman Empire 
 Tiberius settles a dispute between Messenia and Sparta over the Ager Dentheliales on Mount Taygetus. He  gives the land to Messenia.
 Aelius Sejanus tries to marry the widow of Drusus Julius Caesar.
 Cossus Cornelius Lentulus, Marcus Asinius Agrippa become consuls
 Pomponius Mela formalizes the climatic zone system

Asia 
 Han dynasty returns to China.  Liu Xiu proclaimed himself Emperor.
 Luoyang becomes the capital of the Houhan or Eastern Han Dynasty (25-220 CE).

Births 
 Gaius Julius Civilis, German chieftain

Deaths 
 Aulus Cremutius Cordus, Roman historian

20s
Ambrose

Saint Ambrose (c. 330 – 4 April 397) was an Archbishop of Milan. He is an important figure in the Catholic church, and the patron saint of Milan.

Saint Ambrose was one of the four original Doctors of the Church, the title given by the Catholic Church to saints for their significant contribution to theology or doctrine through their research study or writing.

The feast day is celebrated on December 7.

Milan
Christian religious leaders
Roman Catholics
330s births
390s deaths
Phu Quoc International Airport

Phu Quoc International Airport is an airport on Phu Quoc Island, at the southern end of Vietnam. The construction began in November 2008 and finished in November 2012. It was opened on 2 December 2012, and replaced the old airport. The runway is  long and  wide. The current capacity is 2.6 million passengers per year and will be upraded to 4 million in 2020, 7 million in 2030.

Airports in Vietnam
2012 establishments in Asia
21st century establishments in Vietnam
Jerusalem Academy of Music and Dance

The Jerusalem Academy of Music and Dance (), is an Israeli academy for music and the performing arts. It is located in Jerusalem. Many famous Israeli artists studied there, such as the singer David D'or and the composer Nurit Hirsch.

The academy is a part of the Givat Ram campus of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem.

Other websites 
 Interview with Michael Melzer, vice president of the Jerusalem Academy of Music and Dance 

Buildings and structures in Jerusalem
Hebrew University of Jerusalem
Music schools
Ben Gurion International Airport

Ben Gurion International Airport (, ) is an international airport in Tel Aviv, Israel. This airport is the main international airport in Israel and the largest airport in Israel.

The airport is named after the first Israeli prime minister David Ben-Gurion.

References

Other websites 

Ben Gurion International Airport, iaa.gov.il
Israeli Aviation Charts for flight simulation (including Ben Gurion) , vatil.or

Airports in Israel
Buildings and structures in Tel Aviv
Paloma Faith

Paloma Faith (born Paloma Faith Blomfield on 21 July 1981) is an English singer, songwriter and actress. 

She was born in Hackney and raised in Stoke Newington. Her latest album is called, "A Perfect Contradiction". In 2009 she won an award for European Top 100 Albums with her album, "Do You Want the Truth or Something Beautiful?". The singer met her managers Jamie Binns and Christian Wåhlberg in 2007.

Discography 

 Do You Want the Truth or Something Beautiful? (2009)
 Fall to Grace (2012)
 A Perfect Contradiction (2014)
 The Architect (2017)
 Infinite Things (2020)

Awards and nominations

Concert tours 
Do You Want the Truth or Something Beautiful Tour (2010)
Fall to Grace Tour (2012–13)
Paloma Faith Autumn Tour 2014 (2014–15)
The Architect Tour  (2018)
The Infinite Things Tour (2021)

References

Other websites 
Paloma Faith biography at AllMusic

1981 births
Living people
English singer-songwriters
Actors from London
British jazz musicians
British soul musicians
English movie actors
English pop singers
English television actors
People from Hackney

Singers from London
English musicians
Darlington transistor

A Darlington transistor, sometimes called "Darlington pair" is a transistor circuit that is made from two bipolar transistors. Sidney Darlington invented it at Bell Labs. It is like a transistor but it has much higher ability to gain current. The circuit can be made from two discrete transistors or it can be inside an integrated circuit. The hfe parameter with a Darlington transistor is each transistors hfe multiplied together.

The circuit is useful in audio amplifiers or in a probe that measures very small current that goes through water.
It is so sensitive that it can pick up the current in skin. If you connect it to a piece of metal, you can make a touch-sensitive button.

  

Electronic circuits
Electronic components
Schmitt trigger

A Schmitt trigger is an electronic device which can moderate analog signal values only to zero or one (0 / 1). It can be made of a couple transistors, or several triggers can be arranged in an integrated circuit. 

Uses
Converting analog signals to digital
Oscillators

Electronic circuits
U.S. Army Nurse Corps

The United States Army Nurse Corps (NC) is an American army branch. It was created by the United States Congress in the year of 1901. This Special Branch together with five other ones form together the Army Medical Department (AMEDD).

The Nurse Corps is the nursing service for the U.S. Army and provides qualified nursing staff in support of the plans of the United States Department of Defense.

All work must be in favor of the wellness of warriors and their families.

Other websites

References 
This article has started as a summary of the article on English Wikipedia

Nursing
United States Army
1901 establishments in the United States
Ignaz Semmelweis

Ignaz Semmelweis (born 1818 - died 1865) was a Hungarian doctor who discovered bacteria, disease and infection. He is the father of infection control.  Semmelweis observed that if the doctors washed their hands, the number of infections of puerperal fever could be reduced. For this reason, Semmelweis ordered his medical students to wash their hands before and after medical rounds. He was mocked by fellow doctors, but he could not prove his findings, because bacteria had not been discovered yet. In 1870, Robert Koch proved that bacteria can cause disease. People such as Louis Pasteur proved what is known as the  germ theory of disease only after Semmelweis' death.

Semmelweis probably had Alzheimer’s disease and he was sent to an asylum for being insane. He died after 14 days in the asylum possibly being beaten by the staff and inmates.

References

1818 births
1865 deaths
Deaths by beating
Hungarian people
Physicians
Robert Eugene Bush

Robert Eugene Bush was an American military during World War II. He was serving as a hospital corpsman for the United States Navy. Het was honored with a Medal of Honor for his brave actions during the Battle of Okinawa.

Life 
[[File:BushRobertE&PresTruman.jpg|thumb|left|President Truman handing over the Medal of Honor to Robert E. Bush]]
Bush was born on October 4, 1926, in Tacoma, Washington. In 1944 he joined the navy as a young boy.

During the invasion of Okinawa he got wounded on May 2, 1945, during an attack on a rifle company that he was on patrol.

At 18 years of age he was awarded for his braveness by President Truman in a White House  with the Medal of Honor.

After the war, he returned to finish high school. Then he went on with a study in business administration at the University of Washington.

After he finished study, he founded the Bayview Lumber Company at South Bend, Washington in 1951 and Bayview Redi-Mix at Elma, Washington.

Tom Brokaw, a television personality and journalist, wrote a chapter about Bush in his World War II book The Greatest Generation'' (1998).

Robert and Wanda Bush were the parents of three sons and a daughter. He died from cancer on November 8, 2005, in Olympia, Washington when he was 79 years old.

References 

1926 births
2005 deaths
American people of World War II
United States Navy Medal of Honor recipients
Purple Heart recipients
People from Tacoma, Washington
Televisión Nacional de Chile

Televisión Nacional de Chile (TVN), is a company in Chile. It broadcasts in the Chilean territories and other countries on television and the Internet.

Programs

Previous programs 
 Piel de Otoño (Televisa)
 Vive Viña en TVN
 Pobre rico
 Dama y obrero
 Apuesto por ti 
 Un minuto para ganar
 Contra viento y marea (Televisa)
 Mamá a los 15
 La esclava Isaura (Rede Record)
 Las Argandoña 
 El mejor de Chile
 Divididos
 Factor X

Other websites
Official site

Chilean television networks
Canal 13 (Chile)

Canal 13, is a Chilean television network.

Programs 
 Bienvenidos
 Alfombra Roja
 Teletrece
 Sábado de reportajes
 Cubox (cartoons)
 Phineas and Ferb (Disney Channel)
 The Simpsons (FOX)
 Futurama (FOX/Comedy Central)
 Alfombra Roja Prime
 Ruleta Rusa
 Proyecto Miss Chile
 Atrapa los Millones

Previous programs 
 Dash y Cangri
 Insensato corazón (Rede Globo)
 Vértigo
 Sábado Gigante
 ¿Quién Quiere ser Millonario?: Alta tensión
 En su propia trampa
 Soltera otra vez
 Contacto
 Perla, tan real cómo tú
 Diagnostico

Other websites

 Official site

Chilean television networks
Tonka Tomičić

Tonka Tomicic Petric (; born 31 May 1976) is a Chilean model and television presenter of Croat origin.

Career
She first came to public attention as the Chilean representative to the 1995 Miss World pageant. Soon after she was invited to the program Pase lo que Pase of TVN as a fashion commentator. She received her big break when she became one of the principal co-presenters of this program and went on to assume the co-presenter role of Buenos dias a todos, a popular morning television show.

In February 2006, Tomičić was elected Queen of the Viña del Mar International Music Festival, and in 2007 she was presentor of the same festival with Sergio Lagos.

Television

References

Other websites 
 Terra.cl  Erika Cabrera: Los secretos de belleza de Tonka Tomicic, July 30, 2008, accessed July 30, 2008
 
 Blog de Tonka Tomicic  en Caras.
 Biografias.es Tonka Tomicic

1976 births
Chilean models
Chilean television presenters
Living people
People from Santiago
La Red

La Red, whose letters stand for Red Chilena de Televisión, is a Chilean television network.

Programs

Other websites

Official site

Chilean television networks
Pamela Díaz

Pamela Andrea Díaz Saldías (born 26 February 1981 in Puerto Varas) is a Chilean model and television presenter.

Television

Other websites 
 

Living people
1981 births
Chilean models
Chilean television presenters
People from Puerto Varas
Buddy Guy

George "Buddy" Guy (born July 30, 1936) is an American blues guitarist and singer. He worked with other musicians such as Muddy Waters, Eric Clapton, Jimi Hendrix, and Stevie Ray Vaughan. He is known for his music such as Slipin' In and Feels Like Rain.

Guy was born on July 30, 1936 in Lettsworth, Louisiana. He was raised in Chicago, Illinois. He was married to Jennifer Guy from 1991 until they divorced in 2002.

References

Other websites

1936 births
Living people
American blues musicians
Chicago blues musicians
Musicians from Louisiana
Musicians from Chicago
Singers from Louisiana
Singers from Chicago
Grammy Award winners
Kennedy Center honorees
Ed O'Neill

Edward Phillip "Ed" O'Neill, Jr. (born April 12, 1946) is an American movie, television, stage, and voice actor who is known for his roles as Al Bundy in Married... with Children and as Jay Pritchett in Modern Family. He has won two Screen Actors Guild Awards for his role as Pritchett.

O'Neill was born on April 12, 1946 in Youngstown, Ohio. He studied at Youngstown State University. O'Neill has been married to Catherine Rusoff since 1986. They have two children.

References

Other websites

 

1946 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American voice actors
Actors from Ohio
Screen Actors Guild Award winners
People from Youngstown, Ohio
Michael Dell

Michael Saul Dell (born February 23, 1965) is an American businessman. He created the computer technology company Dell. He was added as the 41st richest person in the world. Dell has about $19.9 billion dollars.

Dell was born on February 23, 1965 in Houston, Texas. He was born to a Jewish family. Dell dropped out from the University of Texas at Austin. Dell married Susan Lieberman in 1989. They have four children.

References

Other website

 

1965 births
Living people
Businesspeople from Houston, Texas
American billionaires
American inventors
American Jews
Chief executives
Writers from Houston, Texas
James Gosling

Dr. James A. Gosling (born May 19, 1955) is a Canadian computer scientist who invented Java.

Gosling was born on May 19, 1955 in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. He studied at the University of Calgary and at Carnegie Mellon University. Gosling is married. They have two children.

References

Other websites

James Gosling's personal weblog
Presentation by James Gosling about the origins of Java, from the JVM Languages Summit 2008
slide show depicting Gosling's life

1955 births
Living people
Canadian computer scientists
Canadian businesspeople
Chief executives
People from Calgary
Colt McCoy

Daniel Colt McCoy (born September 5, 1986 in Hobbs, New Mexico) is an American football starting quarterback that currently plays for the Washington Redskins of the National Football League (NFL). McCoy was drafted out of the University of Texas at Austin by the Cleveland Browns with the 18th pick in the third round of the 2010 NFL Draft.

In 2006, during his time with the Texas Longhorns, he was a candidate for the Heisman Trophy. He was again a candidate for the trophy in 2007 which was won by Tim Tebow. McCoy is a member of the Church of Christ.

College awards and honors
 2006 "All Freshman Team" by College Football News
 2006 “National Freshman of the Year” by The Sporting News and the Touchdown Club of Columbus
 2006 Big 12 Offensive Newcomer of the Year by the Associated Press.
 2006 Valero Alamo Bowl Offensive MVP
 2008 Pacific Life Holiday Bowl Offensive MVP
 2008 Big 12 Offensive Player of the Year by the Associated Press
 2008 Second-team All-Big 12 by the Associated Press
 2008 Walter Camp Award by the Walter Camp Foundation
 2008 First-team All-America by the Walter Camp Foundation, FWAA, and Sports Illustrated
 2008 Archie Griffin Award
 2008 co-Sporting News Player of the Year
 2008 Heisman Memorial Trophy Runner-up 
 2009 Tostitos Fiesta Bowl Offensive MVP
 2009 Unanimous first-team All-American, including first-team honors from by Associated Press, AFCA, FWAA, 
 Walter Camp Foundation, Rivals.com, Scout.com
 2009 First-team All-Big 12 
 2009 Big 12 Offensive Player of the Year 
 2009 NCAA Quarterback of the Year 
 2009 Johnny Unitas Golden Arm Award 
 2009 Davey O'Brien Award
 2009 Manning Award
 2009 Chic Harley Award 
 2009 Maxwell Award
 2009 Walter Camp Award by the Walter Camp Foundation
 2009 Sporting News College Athlete of the Year
 2009 AT&T ESPN All-America Player of the Year 
 Texas Longhorns #12 retired

References

Other websites

Colt McCoy at nfl.com

1986 births
Living people
American Christians
American football quarterbacks
Cleveland Browns players
San Francisco 49ers players
Washington Redskins players
Sportspeople from New Mexico
Sense and Sensibility (movie)

Sense and Sensibility is a 1995 movie that was directed by Ang Lee. It is an adaptation of Sense and Sensibility, a novel published by English author Jane Austen in 1811. The movie starred Emma Thompson, Kate Winslet, Hugh Grant, and Alan Rickman.

Other websites
 

1995 movies
Movies based on books
English-language movies
Antofagasta

Antofagasta is a city in northern Chile. It is the capital of the province of Antofagasta and of the region of Antofagasta. In the 2002 census, the city had a population of 296,905.

References

Other websites 
  Municipality of Antofagasta
 EXPONOR – The most important trade fair of copper mining in the world. 
 MSN Map of Antofagasta
Karyn White

Karyn White (born 14 October 1965 in Los Angeles) is an American R&B singer. She was very popular in the late 1980s. Her hit singles include "Secret Rendezvous" and "Superwoman".

References

African-American singers
Singers from California
R&B musicians
1965 births
Living people
Holland Taylor

Holland Virginia Taylor (born January 14, 1943) is an American movie, television, stage, and voice actress. She played Ruth Dunbar in Bosom Buddies. She played Margaret Powers in The Powers That Be. She played Judge Roberta Kittleson in The Practice. She played Evelyn Harper in Two and a Half Men. She won an Emmy Award in 1999.

Taylor was born on January 14, 1943 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. She studied at Westtown School and at Bennington College.

References

Other websites

1943 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American voice actors
Actors from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Emmy Award winning actors
Alan King

Alan King (Irwin Alan Kniberg, December 26, 1927 – May 9, 2004) was an American movie, television, stage, radio, voice actor, writer, movie producer, and comedian. He was known for his roles in Casio, Rush Hour 2, The Anderson Tapes, Just Tell Me What You Want and in Cat's Eye. He is also known for his voice guest-star role as the Don in Family Guy.

King was born on December 26, 1927 in New York City, New York. He was born to a Jewish family. King was married to Jeanette Sprung from 1947 until his death 2004. King died on May 9, 2004 in New York City, New York from lung cancer, aged 76.

References

Other websites

 
 

1927 births
2004 deaths
Deaths from lung cancer
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American voice actors
American radio actors
American movie producers
Comedians from New York City
Jewish American actors
Actors from New York City
Writers from New York City
Movie producers from New York
Four Freedoms

The Four Freedoms is an important concept of American president Franklin D. Roosevelt. He presented them in the State of the Union of January 6, 1941, which is therefore also called the Four Freedoms Speech.

Roosevelt made the Four Freedoms public just eleven months before the American participation at World War II. The concept played an important role in the American propaganda during the war. After Roosevelts death in 1945, his wife Eleanor continued being an important advocate for including the Four Freedoms in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

"In the future days, which we seek to make secure, we look forward to a world founded upon four essential human freedoms:
 The first is freedom of speech and expression—everywhere in the world.
 The second is freedom of every person to worship God in his own way—everywhere in the world.
 The third is freedom from want which, translated into world terms, means economic understandings which will secure to every nation a healthy peacetime life for its inhabitants—everywhere in the world.
 The fourth is freedom from fear which, translated into world terms, means a world-wide reduction of armaments to such a point and in such a thorough fashion that no nation will be in a position to commit an act of physical aggression against any neighbor—anywhere in the world. 
"That is no vision of a distant millennium. It is a definite basis for a kind of world attainable in our own time and generation. That kind of world is the very antithesis of the so-called new order of tyranny which the dictators seek to create with the crash of a bomb". Franklin D. Roosevelt, January 6, 1941

Art 

To inspire a greater public for his concept, Roosevelt arranged the creation of the Four Freedoms Monument. The statue was made public in 1943 in New York City. In honor of one of the first Americans to be killed in action in World War II, Colin Kelly, Roosevelt had the statue moved to Kelly's former home in Florida.

In 1943 artist painter Norman Rockwell got inspired by the Four Freedoms and made a series of four paintings on this subject. Afterwards, the American authorities made use of these paintings to collect money for the world war.

Related pages 

Four Freedoms Award

1941 in the United States
Human rights
Speeches
Freedom
Right to an adequate standard of living

The right to an adequate standard of living is a fundamental human rights. It is part of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights that was accepted by the General Assembly of the United Nations on December 10, 1948.

Furthermore it has been written down in article 11 of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, which is a human righs treaty of the United Nations as well.

The predecessor of this right, the Freedom from Want, is one of the Four Freedoms that American President Franklin D. Roosevelt spoke out at his State of the Union of January 6, 1941. According to Roosevelt it is a right every human being everywhere in the world should have. In his speech Roosevelt described his third right as follows:

References

Relating page 
Economic, social and cultural rights

Human rights
Socioeconomics
Freedom from fear

Freedom from fear is a fundamental human right. This right was mentioned by American President Franklin D. Roosevelt as one of the Four Freedoms human beings everywhere in the world should have. Roosevelt presented the Four Freedoms at his State of the Union of January 6, 1941, which therefore has been called the Four Freedoms Speech as well.

This right, as well as the other three of the Four Freedoms of Roosevelt, makes part of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which was accepted by the General Assembly of the United Nations on December 10, 1948. Freedom from fear is written down in the introduction tot the UN Declaration.

In his speech Roosevelt described his fourth right as follows:

In 1943 Norman Rockwell painted his work Freedom from Fear  which is one of four paintings he made on Roosevelts Four Freedoms.

Aung San Suu Kyi has named this right many times in speeches and wrote a book with the title Freedom From Fear on it in 1991. Historian David M. Kennedy was inspired by the right as well and in 1991 he brought out his book with the title Freedom From Fear: The American People in Depression and War, 1929–1945.

Related pages 
 Four Freedoms Award
 Civil and political rights
 Right to an adequate standard of living

References 

Human rights
Freedom
Port Coquitlam

Port Coquitlam is a city in the Canadian province of British Columbia. The population of Port Coquitlam was 58,612 in 2016. The mayor of Port Coquitlam is Greg Moore. The first European settlement in Port Coquitlam was established in 1859 although the Coast Salish people lived in and around the area first. The city is also nicknamed "PoCo" for short. In 2008, the city was ranked #85 for its murder rate which is for Canadian cities with a population over 50,000.

References

Other websites
Official website

Cities in British Columbia
1859 establishments
1850s establishments in Canada
Four Freedoms Monument

The Four Freedoms Monument is a sculpture by Walter Russell. It was in New York City at first and later moved to Florida.

Background 
The monument is a symbol for the Four Freedoms human beings everywhere in the world should have. This part of his speech has therefore been named the Four Freedoms Speech as well. This was before the American participation at World War II. The Four Freedoms of President Franklin Delano Roosevelt are the following:
Freedom of speech
Freedom of worship
Freedom from want
Freedom from fear

Roosevelt had the monument built with the idea to inspire a greater public for his four freedoms.

The monument was first presented in 1943 in Madison Square Garden in New York City, with the presence of 60,000 people. It was presented in the honor of Colin Kelly, one of the first Americans to be named an American hero of the Second World War. On June 14, 1944, the monument was moved to the former home of Kelly in Madison, Florida.

Other websites 

Buildings and structures in Florida
Monuments and memorials in the United States
1943 establishments in the United States
1940s establishments in New York (state)
1940s establishments in Florida
Toomas Hendrik Ilves

Toomas Hendrik Ilves (born 26 December 1953), is an Estonian politician. He was the President of Estonia from 2006 to 2016.

Biography
Toomas Hendrik Ilves was born in 26 December 1953, in Stockholm, Sweden.

In 1957 he married his first wife, American psychologist Dr. Merry Bullock, and they had 1 son and 1 daughter. He got married again in 2004, Evelin Int-Lambot and has 1 daughter with her. He was elected on 23 September 2006 and began his term as President on 9 October 2006. Evelin and him were divorced on 30 April 2015. He married his third wife on 2 January 2016, Ieva Ilves. He was re-elected as president on 2011.

References

1953 births
Living people
European diplomats
Presidents of Estonia
Journalists
Politicians from Stockholm
Nimravides

Nimravides was a prehistoric saber-toothed cat which lived in North America during the middle and late Miocene. Despite its scientific name Nimravides does not belong to the Nimravidae, but belongs to the family Felidae.

The earlier species of the genus are smaller and more primitive than the later forms. The tiger-sized Nimravides catacopsis resembles the primitive Machairodus aphanistus, a species known from the late Miocene of Eurasia.

Felinae
†Nimravides
†Nimravides nimravidus
†Nimravides catacopsis
†Nimravides pedionomus
†Nimravides hibbardi
†Nimravides galiani
†Nimravides thinobates

References

Other websites 
Nimravides galiani  
Nimravides thinobates
Nimravides hibbardi
Nimravides
Nimravides pedionomus 
N. catacopis 
Nimravides List

Machairodonts
Fossils
Sabretooth cats
Miocene