cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Biasca

Biasca is the capital of the district Riviera in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.

Geography
The municipality lies at the entrance to the Blenio valley, 19 km north of Bellinzona, on the banks of the Brenno. About 3 km east of Biasca is the small lake of Carigiolo.  The villages of Loderio, Ponte, Pontirone, Sant'Anna, and Valle are a part of Biasca.

History
Roman coins has been found in Biasca, which means that it had people living in it in old times.

The church of Biasca has sculptures and paintings from the 1400s and 1500s. It was built in 1213. A second Catholic church, the Rotonda di San Carlo, is a nice example of the modern building of the Milanese builder Macciacchini.

An avalanche from the Monte Crenone (now called Pizzo Magno) in 1512 buried many houses in Biasca and killed hundreds of people. This was one of the big avalanches in the Alps in modern times. It dammed the Brenno, forming a 14 kilometer long lake. This dam broke in the spring of 1514, flooding the Ticino valley to the Magadino plain.

References

Other websites

 Official website 
 Biasca and Riviera Tourism website (Italian, French, German, English)

Cities in Switzerland
Municipalities of Ticino
Bioggio

Bioggio is a municipality of the district of Lugano, in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.

Bioggio was created on 4 April 2004 from the merger of Bosco Luganese and Cimo. On 20 April 2008, Iseo used to be part of the municipality of Bioggio.

References

Other websites 
 Official website 

Municipalities of Ticino
St. David's Island, Bermuda

St. David's Island is one of the main islands of Bermuda. It is located in the far north of the territory, one of the two similarly sized islands that makeup the majority of St. George's Parish.

Other websites
 Bermuda Online
 Google Maps satellite photos of Bermunda

Bermuda
St. John's International Airport

St. John's International Airport  is 3 nautical miles (5.6 km) northwest of St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada.  The airport is part of the National Airports System, and is operated by St. John's International Airport Authority Inc.

References

Other websites
 St. John's International Airport Authority

Airports in Canada
St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador
Capitol Records

Capitol Records is an American major record label based in Hollywood, California. It was founded in 1942 by musician Johnny Mercer, with partners Buddy DeSylva and Glenn Wallichs. The company was later bought by EMI, a company based in England. The buyout gave Capitol's American recording artists an outlet for their records in England and Europe, while EMI's artists could sell their works in America.

Capitol's biggest-selling "imported" artist is The Beatles. When the Beatles had their first hits in England and Europe, Capitol Records did not want to market their recordings. Record producer George Martin turned instead to other American labels, trying to give the Beatles a hit record in America. Their records did not sell well in America at first, but "I Want to Hold Your Hand" became a hit through radio airplay of a British copy. Capitol Records changed their minds, released "I Want to Hold Your Hand", and it became a best-seller. Capitol then became the exclusive record label for the Beatles in America. When Universal Music sold Parlophone (the Beatles' British label) to Warner Music Group, Universal moved the Beatles' music to Capitol Records worldwide.

Capitol's Hollywood headquarters is in a building called the Capitol Tower. It is round, and built to resemble a stack of records. The building houses offices, and also Capitol's own recording studio, with large echo chambers under the building.

Today Capitol Records supervises many smaller record labels. Capitol and UMG are part of a larger company, named Vivendi.

Notable Capitol recording artists 
 Mary J. Blige
 The Beach Boys
 Glen Campbell
 Nat "King" Cole
 Peggy Lee
 Dean Martin
 Anne Murray
 Helen Reddy
 Linda Ronstadt
 Bob Seger
 Frank Sinatra
 Katy Perry
 Jon Bellion

"Imported" artists appearing on Capitol Records 

 The Beatles
 Kate Bush (on EMI America)
 Sheena Easton (on EMI America)
 Little River Band
 Pink Floyd

Labels supervised by Capitol Records 

 Apple Records
 EMI Records
 EMI America Records
 Grand Royal Records
 Harvest Records
 Liberty Records

American record labels
1942 establishments in the United States
1940s establishments in California
Recording studio

A recording studio is a place prepared for the recording of music, or other sound media. Some studios are independent, but many are part of a larger business, like a record label. Independent studios may only record one band or set of performers, but may also lease time to outsiders. Some studios charge an hourly rate, while others charge by the project.

Recording studios are usually divided into three areas: a "live area" (with natural ) for recording groups, a "dead area" (with  to prevent reverb and echoes) for vocals and soloists, and a control booth, to house the recording equipment. Studios are usually soundproofed, to keep outside noises from getting into recordings.  and other objects are used inside studios, to isolate sound sources.  room shapes are also used, to prevent "standing waves" and sound interference.

Early recording studios were not much different from radio studios, and the techniques used were , but this changed over the years. Recordings could present sounds in ways radio could not carry, and radio did not play only recordings, so the shift was natural. When  recording was developed in the 1950s, radio stations did not need multitrack equipment, for example. (Today some radio stations have such equipment, but use it to pre-record material.)

After effects  were developed, the natural sound of a recording space was ignored by many new studios. The people who operated them depended on effects to create the sound they wanted. Today the trend is back toward good natural sounds, with less processing.

Music industry
Hamilton Parish, Bermuda

Hamilton Parish (originally Bedford Parish) is one of the nine parishes of Bermuda. It was renamed for Scottish aristocrat James Hamilton, 2nd Marquess of Hamilton (1589-1625) when he purchased the shares originally held in the Virginia Company by Lucy, Countess of Bedford.

Other websites
 Bermuda Online

Bermuda
The Causeway, Bermuda

The Causeway is a narrow strip of reclaimed land and bridges in the north of Bermuda linking Hamilton Parish on the mainland in the southwest and Bermuda International Airport on St. David's Island in St. George's Parish in the northeast, which are otherwise divided by Castle Harbour.

Other websites
   New Crossing, government website on the future of the Causeway

Bermuda
Southampton Parish, Bermuda

Southampton Parish is one of the nine parishes of Bermuda. It is named for Henry Wriothesley, 3rd Earl of Southampton (1573-1624).

Other websites
 Bermuda Online

Bermuda
Joaquín Rodrigo

Joaquín Rodrigo Vidre, 1st Marquess of the Gardens of Aranjuez (; 22 November 1901 – 6 July 1999) was a Spanish composer of classical music and a virtuoso pianist. Although he was blind from an early age, he became one of the most important Spanish composers of the 20th century. He wrote a lot of music for guitar, which helped classical guitar music worldwide to become more popular. His most famous work is a guitar concerto called Concierto de Aranjuez.

Life

Early life 
Rodrigo became blind at the age of three after becoming ill with diphtheria. When he was eight he began to learn piano and violin. He also learned the guitar, but never became very good at it, although he was to compose some wonderful music for the instrument.

After studying music in Valencia he went to Paris where he studied with Paul Dukas in Paris. After a short time back in Spain he returned to Paris to study musicology, first under Maurice Emmanuel and then under André Pirro. In 1947 Rodrigo became a professor of music history in Madrid, a job that was made especially for him.

His famous concertos 
Rodrigo’s most famous work, de Aranjuez, was composed in 1939 in Paris. It is a concerto for solo classical guitar and orchestra. There are three movements. The middle movement is a slow movement with a tune which is played on the cor anglais. It has become one of classical music’s best-loved tunes.

After the success of this piece several other musicians asked him to write concertos for them, e.g. the flautist James Galway, the cellist Julian Lloyd Webber and the guitarist Andrés Segovia, for whom he composed Fantasía para un gentilhombre in 1954. Another of his works is called Concierto Andaluz, for four guitars and orchestra.

Honours 
In 1991, Rodrigo was raised to the nobility by King Juan Carlos; he was given the title Marqués de los Jardines de Aranjuez (Marquis of the Gardens of Aranjuez). He was given the Prince of Asturias Award in 1996, the highest honour a Spanish civilian can get. He was made Commander of the Order of Arts and Letters by the French government in 1998.

Personal life 
He married Victoria Kamhi, a Turkish-born pianist, in 1933. They had a daughter called Cecilia. Rodrigo died in 1999 in Madrid at the age of 97. Joaquín Rodrigo and his wife Victoria are buried at the cemetery at Aranjuez.

His music 
Rodrigo composed about 170 works. These include 11 concertos, lots of pieces for choir, songs, piano music and guitar music. Like Manuel de Falla in the early 20th century, Rodrigo became the leading figure in Spanish music in the later part of the century. His music is not like most of the music that was being written in Europe at the time. At first his music was influenced by that of Stravinsky, Ravel and Granados, but later his personality gave it a special Spanish character. He had a lot of knowledge and wrote articles about lots of different arts subjects.

References 
 Music Online

Other websites 
 Joaquín Rodrigo website 

1901 births
1999 deaths
20th-century Spanish composers
People from the Community of Valencia
St. George's Parish, Bermuda

St. George's Parish is one of the nine parishes of Bermuda. It is named in honour of the patron saint of England, though it is indirectly regarded as being named for the founder of the Bermuda colony, Englishman Admiral Sir George Somers.

Other websites 
 Bermuda Online

Bermuda
Cape Breton Island

Cape Breton Island (French: île du Cap-Breton - formerly île Royale, Scottish Gaelic: Eilean Cheap Breatuinn, Míkmaq: Únamakika, simply: Cape Breton) is an island on the Atlantic coast of North America. It likely corresponds to the European word "Breton", referring to Brittany.

Other websites 
 Cape Breton Wireless Heritage Society
 Movement for a Free and Independent Province of Cape Breton 
 Cape Breton Island's 4 Men In A Tub
 Cape Breton Island Directory 
 Caper Canada
 Flags of Cape Breton Island, on Flags of the World.net website
 Visit Victoria County
 Hike the Highlands Festival

Islands of Canada
Focke-Wulf Fw 190

The Fw 190 was a German fighter aircraft made by Focke-Wulf during World War II. It first flew in 1939 and was introduced in 1941. Even though it was not sleek, it could still go 408 miles per hour (653 kilometers per hour). It was also called the Shrike and the Butcher Bird.

In 1942, Luftwaffe pilot Armin Faber landed by accident at a British airfield. They were then able to find out things about the aircraft.

The FW 190 was 29 feet (8.84 meters) long, had a wingspan of 34 feet 5.5 inches (10.49 meters), was 13 feet (3.96 meters) high, weighed 7,055 pounds (3,200 kilograms) empty and 10,800 pounds (4,900 kilograms) operational. It could go 408 miles per hour (653 kilometers per hour), could fly up to 37,400 feet (11,410 meters), and could go 560 miles (900 kilometers) without refueling.

FW 109 was 1500 kg heavier than Bf 109. It was also faster (FW 190 A-8 was 16 kph faster than Bf 109 G-6) but it didn't climb as fast as Bf 109 (at 15 m/s compared to 17 m/s of Bf 109). FW 190 was much better armed than Bf 109 - it had 2 machine guns above the engine and four cannons in the wings. Bf 109 had only one cannon and two machine guns.

Related pages
 Bf 109
 P-47 Thunderbolt

Notes

References

Other websites 

 Luftwaffe Resource Center
 Technical dates of 190D (via Internet Archive)
 Fw 190 Infos 

World War II German aircraft
Military of Germany
Tsar Bomba

Tsar Bomba, the nickname for the AN602 H-bomb, was the largest, most powerful nuclear weapon ever used. It was originally tested by the Soviet Union on October 30, 1961. It was a three stage H-bomb.

This bomb is also called the Father of Bombs.

The explosion had a power of 56,000,000 tonns of TNT (56 Megatonns). The Tsar Bomb was actually designed as a 100 Megatonn-Bomb. But as there were problems to detonate a bomb as strong as 100,000,000 tonns of TNT, the Soviet Union technicians reduced its power to 56 Megatonns.

The testing site of the nuclear bomb was Novaya Zemlya. There was not much fallout because the bomb was detonated at  height.

The bomb was dropped by a Soviet bomber, the Tupolev Tu-95. This was the only plane in the world which could carry the bomb. When the bomb exploded, the bomber fell one Kilometer in height from the huge blast wave.

Nuclear weapons
243 Ida

243 Ida is a Main belt asteroid with pictures taken by the Galileo spacecraft on August 28, 1993. It was the first binary asteroid to be found and is a member of the Koronis family of asteroids.

Discovery and name 
Ida was found by Johann Palisa on September 29, 1884 in Vienna. It is named after Ida, a Cretan nymph in Greek mythology who lived on a mountain that has her name (see Mount Ida, Crete).

Moon 
Ida has a small moon, Dactyl, which was found on February 17, 1994 by Galileo mission member Ann Harch, while examining the delayed image downloads. The moon was given the designation S/1993 (243) 1 and later named (243) Ida I Dactyl. The pictures where it was first seen were taken on 28 August 1993, hence the designation. The moon was reported on 12 March 1994.

Dactyl is only 1.4 km in diameter. Some researchers believe that Dactyl formed from debris blown off from Ida because of cratering, while others suggest that Ida and Dactyl formed as a pair a billion or more years ago when Ida's parent body was disrupted. Both of these theories present difficulties that are unresolved at this time. Since Dactyl was found, other sightings have suggested that asteroid moons are common.

Although Ida's dimensions, measured along the principal axes (based on its rotation) are 53.6×24.0×15.2 km, the best-fit ellipsoid measures 60.0×25.2×18.6 km. Since its mass is well known thanks to its little moon, one can calculate that its surface gravity can be between 0.0031 and 0.0324 m/s². The rotation axis is within one degree of the shorter dimension axis, which means the centrifugal effect can reach a value as high as 0.0042 m/s² — at the tips of its longest axes, Ida is actually under tension.

Related pages
 Comet
 Asteroid

References 

 P. C. Thomas, M. J. S. Belton, B. Carcich, C. R. Chapman, M. E. Davies, R. Sullivan, and J. Veverka; The shape of Ida, Icarus, Issue 1, No. 120, pp. 20–32, 1996.
 M. E. Davies, T. R. Colvin, M. J. S. Belton, P. C. Thomas, J. Veverka, The Galileo Imaging Science Team, The North Pole Direction and the Control Network of the Asteroid 243 Ida, Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society, Vol. 26, p. 1154, June 1994
 Report of the IAU/IAG Working Group on Cartographic Coordinates and Rotational Elements of the Planets and Satellites, 2000 
 The Asteroid Orbital Elements Database
 Minor Planet Discovery Circumstances
 IAUC 6082 announcing Dactyl's naming

Asteroids
Bironico

Bironico was a municipality in Lugano in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland. On 21 November 2010 the  municipalities of Bironico, Camignolo, Medeglia, Rivera and Sigirino joined together to become a new municipality, Monteceneri.

References 

Former municipalities of Ticino
Villages in Ticino
2010 disestablishments in Switzerland
Bissone

Bissone is a municipality of the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.

References 

Municipalities of Ticino
Bodio

Bodio is a municipality of the district of Leventina in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.

References

Other websites
 
 Official website 

Municipalities of Ticino
Bogno

Bogno is a former municipality of the district of Lugano in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland. On 14 April 2013 the former municipalities of Bogno, Cadro, Carona, Certara, Cimadera, Valcolla and Sonvico merged into the city of Lugano.

References

Other websites 

Former municipalities of Ticino
Borgnone

Borgnone is a former municipality of the district of Locarno in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland. On 25 October 2009 the former municipalities of Borgnone, Intragna and Palagnedra merged into the new municipality of Centovalli.

References 

Former municipalities of Ticino
Villages in Ticino
Principality of Khachen

The Principality of Khachen () was a medieval Armenian principality, in part of historical Artsakh (present-day Nagorno-Karabakh). The regions of Artsakh and Utik were provinces of the Kingdom of Armenia in Antiquity. From the twelfth century the Khachen principality dominated the region. The Byzantine emperor Constantine VII addressed his letters to the prince of Khachen with the inscription "To Prince of Khachen, Armenia." Today the region is recognised to be part of Azerbaijan.

Related pages
 Nagorno-Karabakh

References

Other websites 
 http://www.cilicia.com/History.htm

History of Armenia
Therapy

Therapy, in the medical field also called treatment, is what people do to try to solve or care for a health problem, physical or mental. When a person is ill or injured, a doctor may make a medical diagnosis and then recommend a therapy to try to make the person well.  The therapy can be, for example, medications (drugs), surgery or a change of diet.

A person who does therapy as a job is called a therapist. There are many kinds of therapists. for example:
 Group therapist
 Hypnotherapist
 Occupational therapist
 Physiotherapist
 Psychotherapist
 Speech therapist

Therapeutic effects 
Medical treatments may have four results:
 No effect at all.
 A therapeutic effect is a good result.
 An adverse effect is a bad result.
 A side-effect is an unwanted effect from therapy. For example, taking medications as tablets or injections may cause many sorts of side-effects. Examples are headaches, nausea, rash, constipation, blurred vision and others. Radiotherapy can also cause side effects of nausea, rash on the skin, and vomiting, for example.

Related pages
 Chemotherapy
 Medicine
 Medication
 Pharmacotheraphy
 Radiotherapy

References

Other websites
"Chapter Nine of the Book of Medicine Dedicated to Mansur, with the Commentary of Sillanus de Nigris" is an old book written in Latin. It was written in 1483. It has parts about therapy in it.

Medicine
253 Mathilde

253 Mathilde is a main belt asteroid found by Johann Palisa in 1885. It has a fairly elliptical orbit that takes more than four years to circle the Sun. This asteroid has an unusually slow rate of rotation, taking 17.4 days to complete a 360° revolution about its axis. It is a primitive C-type asteroid, which means the surface has lots of carbon; giving it a dark surface that reflects only 4% of the light that falls on it.

This asteroid was visited by the NEAR Shoemaker spacecraft during June 1997, on its way to asteroid 433 Eros.  The spacecraft took pictures of one side of the asteroid, finding many big craters that have gouged out depressions in the surface.  It is currently the biggest asteroid to be visited by a spacecraft, and the first C-type asteroid to be so explored.

Description 

253 Mathilde is very dark. The asteroid has a number of very big craters, with the individual craters being named for coal fields and basins around the world. The two biggest craters, Ishikari (29.3 km) and Karoo (33.4 km), are as wide as the asteroid's average radius. The impacts appear to have blown big volumes off the asteroid, as suggested by the angular edges of the craters.

The density measured by NEAR Shoemaker, 1,300 kg/m³, is less than half that of a normal carbonaceous chondrite; this may indicate that the asteroid is very loosely packed rubble pile (an asteroid that has been broken apart by a collision and pulled back together by gravity). The same is true of several C-type asteroids studied by ground-based telescopes with adaptive optics systems (45 Eugenia, 90 Antiope, 87 Sylvia and 121 Hermione). Up to 50% of the volume inside of 253 Mathilde has open space. However, the existence of a 20-km-long scarp may indicate that the asteroid does have some structural strength, so it could contain some big internal components. The low interior density is an inefficient transmitter of impact shock through the asteroid, which also helps to preserve the surface features to a high degree.

Mathilde's orbit is eccentric, taking it to the farther reaches of the Main belt. Nonetheless, the orbit lies between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter; it does not cross the planetary orbits. It also has one of the slowest rotation periods of the known asteroids — most asteroids have a rotation period in the range of 2 – 24 hours. Because of the slow rotation rate, NEAR Shoemaker was only able to take pictures of 60% of the asteroid's surface. The slow rate of rotation may been accounted for by a moon orbiting the asteroid, but a search of the NEAR images revealed none bigger than 10 km in diameter out to 20 times the radius of 253 Mathilde.

References

Other websites 

 
 
 

Asteroids
Yōkai

Yōkai are creature in old Japanese stories, such as oni, kappa, or tengu. They have mysterious supernatural powers. There are thousands of yōkai. In the Edo period, yōkai were characters in story books. Recently, many new yōkai have been made. There is even a yōkai dictionary. The yōkai are monsters or ghosts in Japanese tradition. In the past people believed they caused disease, accidents, and natural disasters. People were often scared of them.

Famous yōkai
The most famous yōkai are Tengu, Oni (Japanese ogre), and Kyubi no Kitsune (a fox with nine tails). When some people and animals are filled with hate, they became yōkai. For example, Sutoku. Sutoku (Japanese ancient emperor) died filled with hate. Then, he became a Tengu and caused a disaster. Also, a cat which lived too long time became Nekomata.

Yōkai as subculture
Recently, yōkai are familiar with people as subculture in Japan.

Yōkai in popular culture
In recent decades, the yōkai have been frequently depicted in Japanese fiction and media, particularly in horror or fantasy-themed works, such as in manga, anime and films, as well as in videogames, a notable example of this is the manga GeGeGe no Kitarō, written by mangaka Shigeru Mizuki, of which is entirely based on the yōkai myth. Other examples includes the manga series Death Note, Pet Shop of Horrors, Good Luck Girl!, light novel Ghost Hunt, the 2011 animated film A Letter to Momo and RPG videogame franchise Yo-kai Watch.

References

Japanese folklore
http://www.youkaiwiki.com/entry/2013/06/26/233556
Stamp album

A stamp album is a book, often loose-leafed (with its papers not attached to the book, but hanging loose inside), in which a collection of postage stamps may be stored and displayed. There are also stamp albums in the form of binders.

Many collectors buy preprinted (already printed) albums and pages, which are made and sold. The usual format is to print a black-and-white picture of the stamp in each space.  Album pages are almost always one-sided pages.

Stamp hinges are used by stamp collectors to put postage stamps onto the pages of  the stamp album.

Other websites

 http://stamp-paradise.com/
 http://www.thestampweb.com/
Postage stamp album, and catalogue of British and foreign postage stamps, 1863
A.Golden Unique Handmade Books, see Stock Book

Philately
Stamp collector

A stamp collector or philatelist collects postage stamps as a hobby. Stamp collectors normally keep the stamps in books called stamp albums. A philatelist can study various aspects of definitive stamps and other types of stamps, cancellations, and other philatelic materials.

Some philatelic terms 
 Backstamp
 Bisects and splits
 Cancellation
 Gutter
 Kiloware
 Label
 Philatelic expertisation
 Postage stamp block
 Revenue stamp
 Semi-postal
 War tax due stamp

Stamp collecting clubs 
There are many stamp collecting clubs around the world. Belonging to a stamp club or philatelic society has many advantages. For example, Royal Philatelic Society of Canada members receive magazines, can get help with questions through phone support, and purchase insurance for their collections at a discounted group rate.

Related pages 
 Philatelic materials
 Stamp album
 Soviet Philatelist

References 

Philately
Pansexuality

Pansexual people are people attracted to people regardless of their gender. This is similar to many bisexual people. The word pansexual comes from the Greek word 'pan-', meaning "all".    

Pansexuality is one of the many sexualities from the LGBT community. Although the sexuality overlaps with bisexuality, both labels are accepted as long as the person is comfortable and respects the other equally. 

Originally, Sigmund Freud invented the word "pansexual", regarding the hypothesis "that regards all desire and interest as derived from [the] sex instinct".

Pansexuality is often described as ‘attraction to people regardless of gender (including those who may not identify as boys or girls or as men or women, or to those who are intersex, genderfluid, etc.) pansexuality can also be described as "gender blind".

Some may describe it as "gender blind" because those who identify as pansexual do not consider gender important when they are attracted to others. Pansexuality is considered the opposite of asexuality, as pansexuality means a person may be sexually attracted to anyone regardless of their gender identity, but asexuality means a person is sexually attracted to no one. However, pansexuals are not necessarily sexually attracted to everyone they meet, nor do they necessarily have strong sex drives.

The pansexual colors from the pride flag all have different meanings, pink meaning women, blue, men, and yellow for people (for an example) of a non-binary gender, such as agender, bigender or genderfluid.

Related pages
 Homosexuality
 Sexual orientation

LGBT variations
Technosexuality

Technosexuality is a word used to mean two things:
 
 Having a strong love of gadgets.  This is a joining of the two words "technophile" and "metrosexuality".  It was first used by Ricky Montalvo to describe someone who was in love with himself and his urban lifestyle, as well as gadgets such as mobile phones, PDAs, computers, software, and the web."
 A different word for robosexuality. This meaning of technosexuality is a join of "technophile" and "sexual".

Sometimes "technosexual" is used as an insult, implying that someone would prefer a sex toy to an actual sexual partner.

The Calvin Klein company trademarked the term technosexual in 2005.

i-wear
'i-wear' (or 'e-wear') is intelligent clothing that joins fashion with technology. i-wear was born out of the collaboration between European fashion designers and computer technicians. i-wear is a step made towards technologizing a person's fashion, and in this sense, a person can be more as a part of technosexuality.

Related pages
Robot
Robosexuality

Other websites
 Gore, Edward (2002). The Technosexuality, Pygmalionist & Mind Control Fetish FAQ 3.0 The Pygmalion Syndrome
Hughes, James (2003). The Future of Sex: What will happen when we can transcend erotic desire, romantic love and the human body?  Betterhumans
Miller, Katharine (2004). Enter the Technosexual  AlterNet
De Thézier, Justice (2006). Extreme Makeover Needed: Why and how transhumanists must transcend their nerdy aura  Transhumanity
Technosophy (2009) Technosophy Defined 
Technology vs Technosophy (2014) Sophia`s Children

References

Human sexuality
Technology
Antisexuality

Antisexualism, sex-negativity or antisexuality is opposition or hostility towards sexual behavior and sexuality.

Religious
Some forms of early ascetic Gnosticism held all matter to be evil, and that unnecessary gratifications of the physical senses were to be avoided.  Married couples were encouraged to be celibate. The Skoptsys were a radical sect of the Russian Orthodox Church that practiced castration and amputation of sexual organs.  The Skoptsy believed that Christ had been castrated during his crucifixion, and it was this castration that brought about salvation.  

The Shakers was a radical Protestant sect that opposed procreation and all sexual activity. The Shakers were more opposed to pregnancy than anything else.
John Harvey Kellogg, the inventor of corn flakes breakfast cereal, was opposed to all forms of sexual activity, especially masturbation. The Road to Wellville satirized his life and practices. Father Divine, founder of the International Peace Mission Movement, advocated religious abstinence from sex and marriage and taught that sexual objectification is a root cause of undesirable social and political conditions.

Non-religious
The Anti-Flirt Club, set up in the United States during the interwar period, was set up in order to protect women from unwanted advances from men.

A popular venue of antisexuals is the Antisex.info (Antisexual Stronghold) website founded by Yuri Nesterenko. He launched a FidoNet-based antisexual community in 1995.   While putting forward the slogan "Say No to sex", the spokesmen said that no sexual urges are so violent that they may not be deterred through mental reason, or else transformed through abstinence. Some members of the IAM say they have successfully overcome the desire for sex.

Fictional
 The Junior Anti-Sex League, in George Orwell's dystopian novel Nineteen Eighty-Four, was a group of young adult Party members devoted to banning all sexual intercourse.
 The film Demolition Man takes place in a future in which sexual intercourse is banned by the high-ranking "Evil Mr. Rogers" character, Dr. Cocteau. Reproduction is achieved clinically and the experience itself is simulated through virtual reality.

Related pages
 Asexuality
 Sexual intercourse

References 

Human sexuality
Ned Flanders

Nedward "Ned" Flanders is a character in the animated television series The Simpsons.

History

Creation 

Ned Flanders and his son Todd first appeared in the season one episode "Simpsons Roasting on an Open Fire", which was the series first episode. The first episode in which Flanders and his family were seen is season two's "Dead Putting Society", which also showed the first appearance of Maude and Rod Flanders.

Name 
Flanders was named after Flanders St. in Portland, Oregon, the hometown of Simpsons creator Matt Groening.  Groening wanted Flanders as "just a guy who was truly nice, that Homer had no justifiable reason to loathe, but then did." It was not until after the first few episodes that it was decided Flanders would be a faithful Christian.  Mike Scully said that Flanders is "everything Homer would love to be, although he'll never admit it."  Flanders had originally been meant to just be a neighbor that Homer was jealous of, but Harry Shearer used "such a sweet voice" and Flanders was planned to become a Christian and a sweet guy that someone would choose to live next to over Homer.

How he was received 
Ned's "unbearable niceness" has been described as "The Simpsons' worst comment about religion. Although Flanders was meant to be only a character making fun of Christian right, he has since become a favorite of many Christian viewers.  He has been described as "[The United States]' most well-known evangelical." Dr. Rowan Williams, the Archbishop of Canterbury, declared himself as a Simpsons fan, and likes Flanders.

References

Other websites
 Ned Flanders at TheSimpsons.com
 

The Simpsons characters
Fictional characters introduced in 1989

de:Figuren aus Die Simpsons#Ned Flanders
pl:Postacie w serialu Simpsonowie#Ned Flanders
Mike Scully

Mike Scully (born October 2, 1956 in West Springfield, Massachusetts) is an Emmy Award-winning American television writer best known for his work as show runner of the Fox series The Simpsons from 1997 - 2001 (Seasons 9-12).

Other websites 

1956 births
Living people
American screenwriters
Emmy Award winners
The Simpsons
writers from Massachusetts
George Meyer

George Meyer is an American producer and screenwriter for the television series The Simpsons. He is arguably the writer who has done the most to the series over the many years it has been made. In 2000, Meyer was called "the funniest man behind the funniest show on TV" by The New Yorker.

Other websites 
 
 Studio 360 episode "Cosmos, Spheres, Voyager" from January 12, 2002 featuring an original piece by Meyer on space collecting
  New Yorker Magazine article profiling George Meyer 

1956 births
Living people

American screenwriters
The Simpsons
writers from Pennsylvania
Tress MacNeille

Tress MacNeille (born June 20, 1951) is an American voice actress best known for doing voices on the animated television series The Simpsons, Futurama, and Animaniacs, The Powerpuff Girls.  Her most famous characters on The Simpsons include Agnes Skinner, Brandine Spuckler and Lindsey Naegle, while her performance as Mom is her most notable Futurama'' role.
She also been the voice of the penguins in the Disney TV Series Club Penguin, and the voice of Daisy Duck.

Other websites
 
 

American voice actors
Actors from Chicago
The Simpsons
1951 births
Living people
Karl Wiedergott

Karl Wiedergott (born February 8, 1969) is a German actor. He has regularly played various voice roles in the television program The Simpsons, beginning in 1998. He has also worked on The Simpsons Movie which was released July 27, 2007.

Other websites
 Karl Wiedergott's Official Website 
 

1969 births
Living people
German movie actors
German television actors
German voice actors
The Simpsons
Actors from Berlin
Bill Oakley

Bill Oakley (born in 1966) is an American television writer, best known for his work on The Simpsons. Along with his writing partner Josh Weinstein, Oakley was the executive producer and showrunner during the seventh and eighth seasons. Before serving as the show's executive producers, the pair were hired onto the writing staff during the fourth season. Together, the two wrote episodes such as "Who Shot Mr. Burns?". After leaving The Simpsons, Oakley and Weinstein created Mission Hill, The Mullets, and served as consulting producers on Futurama.

Other websites
 
 Interview with Bill and Josh at TVDads.com 
 Interview with Bill and Josh at Morphizm.com
 Interview with Bill and Josh on NPR's On the Media 

American screenwriters
The Simpsons
Writers from Maryland
1966 births
Living people
David X. Cohen

David X. Cohen (born July 13, 1966), born David Samuel Cohen, is an American television writer. He has written for The Simpsons. He also runs and is the main writer for Futurama.

Other websites 
 
 
 IGN Interview With David X. Cohen 
 Interview with David X. Cohen about the return of Futurama
 An Interview About Math in Futurama with David X. Cohen, by Dr. Sarah Greenwald 

1966 births
Living people
American screenwriters
Writers from New Jersey
Bosco Gurin

Bosco Gurin or Bosco/Gurin (Walser German: Gurin / Guryn, Lombard: Bosch / Gürin) is a municipality of the district of Vallemaggia in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland. It is the only municipality in Ticino where German is a co-official language.

References

Other websites 
 Official site 

Municipalities of Ticino
Brione (Verzasca)

Brione is a former municipality of the district of Locarno in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.

On 17 October 2020 the former municipalities of Brione (Verzasca), Corippo, Frasco, Sonogno and Vogorno merged to form the new municipality of Verzasca.

References 

Former municipalities of Ticino
Brione sopra Minusio

Brione sopra Minusio is a municipality of the district of Locarno in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.

References 

Municipalities of Ticino
Brissago

Brissago is a municipality of the district of Locarno in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.

References

Other websites 

Comune di Brissago

Municipalities of Ticino
Brusino Arsizio

Brusino Arsizio is a municipality of the district of Lugano in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.

References

Municipalities of Ticino
Bruzella

Bruzella was a municipality of the district Mendrisio in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland. On 25 October 2009 the former municipalities of Bruzella, Cabbio, Caneggio, Morbio Superiore, Muggio and Sagno merged into the new municipality of Breggia.

References 

Former municipalities of Ticino
Second-in-command

The Second-in-Command (2i/c or 2IC) is the second commander, the person that is in charge after the commander, of any British Army or British Royal Marines unit/group. He or she is the same as an Executive Officer in the United States Army. This term or word is also used in many other Commonwealth militaries.

The Second-in-Command of a group is usually a Major. The Second-in-Command of a smaller group is usually a Captain (although infantry groups' Second-in-Command's were usually Lieutenants until after the Second World War), the Second-in-Command of an even smaller group is the Sergeant of the group, and the Second-in-Command of a section is usually a Lance Corporal.

In the Royal Navy the second-in-command of a vessel or ship is known as the First Lieutenant or Executive Officer.

Other meanings/uses 
"Second-in-command" is a term/word used, usually as a joke, for any deputy or person that is right below the commander. Its basic meaning is "someone that relieves a commander".

Military ranks
Cademario

Cademario is a municipality of the district of Lugano in the Swiss canton of Ticino.

References

Other websites 
 Official site

Municipalities of Ticino
Cadempino

Cadempino is a municipality of the district of Lugano in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.

References

Other websites 
 Official website 

Municipalities of Ticino
Cadenazzo

Cadenazzo is a municipality of the district of Bellinzona, in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.

References

Other websites 
 Official website 

Municipalities of Ticino
Cadro

Cadro is a former municipality of the district of Lugano in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland. On 14 April 2013 the former municipalities of Bogno, Cadro, Carona, Certara, Cimadera, Valcolla and Sonvico merged into the city of Lugano.

References 

Former municipalities of Ticino
Calpiogna

Calpiogna is a municipality of the district of Leventina in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland. On 1 April 2012 the former municipalities of Anzonico, Calpiogna, Campello, Cavagnago, Chironico, Mairengo and Osco merged to form the municipality of Faido.

References 

Former municipalities of Ticino
Camignolo

Camignolo was a municipality in Lugano in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland. On 21 November 2010 the former municipalities  Bironico, Camignolo, Medeglia, Rivera and Sigirino joined together to become one new municipality called Monteceneri.

References 

Former municipalities of Ticino
2010 disestablishments in Switzerland
Camorino

Camorino was a municipality, in the municipality of Bellinzona and the district of Bellinzona in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

 Official website 

Former municipalities of Ticino
2017 disestablishments in Switzerland
Campello, Switzerland

Campello is a municipality of the district of Leventina in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland. On 1 April 2012 the former municipalities of Anzonico, Calpiogna, Campello, Cavagnago, Chironico, Mairengo and Osco merged to form the municipality of Faido.

References 

Former municipalities of Ticino
Vicente Blasco Ibañez

Vicente Blasco Ibáñez (29 January 1867-28 January 1928) was a Spanish realist novelist writing in Spanish, a screenwriter and occasional film director.

Works translated to English

1867 births
1928 deaths
Spanish screenwriters
Spanish movie directors
Pistoia

Pistoia is a city in the Tuscany region of Italy. It is the capital of the province of Pistoia. The city is about  west and north of Florence.

History 
Pistoria, the old Latin name of Pistoia, was a Gallic, Ligurian and Etruscan city. After the city became a Roman colony in the 6th century BC, it was a place for activities or trades. Near the end of the 6th century, the city was captured by troops of the Lombardic king. The city did very well under the control of the Lombards. In 1177, Pistoia chose to become a free commune. In the following years, it became an important political centre. It built walls and several public and religious buildings.

In 1254 Pistoia was captured by troops from Florentine. Pistoia stayed a Florentine city except for few years in the 14th century, when Castruccio Castracani captured it for Lucca. It was annexed to (made a part of) Florence in 1530. During the 14th century Ormanno Tedici was one of the Lords of the city.

Dante mentioned the town in his Divina Commedia. Michelangelo called the people of Pistoia the "enemies of heaven".

Notable features

Duomo Square and Bishops' Palace 

The large Piazza del Duomo is connected near to other famous buildings, for example the  Palazzo del Comune and the Palazzo del Podestà. In July, the Giostra dell'Orso ("Bear Joust") takes place in the square. At the joust, horsemen try to strike a target held by a dummy shaped like a bear. The 14th century Baptistry, in Gothic style is also in the square.

The Palazzo dei Vescovi ("Bishops' Palace") includes a loggia in gothic style.
.

Other important buildings 
 Church of the Madonna dell'Umiltà (1509), finished by Giovanni Vasari with a high cupola.
 Church of San Bartolomeo in Pantano (12th century).
 The Romanesque church of San Giovanni Fuoricivitas (12th-14th century).
 The Monument in Honour of Brazilians (Soldiers and Pilots) killed in action on Italian Campaign (World War II)
 Church of San Domenico
 Church of Santa Maria delle Grazie
 Church of San Pietro Maggiore
 Church of San Paolo
 Church of 'La Vergine"
 the Baroque church of Santissima Annunziata, famous for its Chiostro dei Morti ("Dead's Cloister").
 "Ospedale del Ceppo" ("del Ceppo Hospital") '(13th century).
 The 14th century walls. These had originally four gates: Porta al Borgo, Porta San Marco, Porta Carratica and Porta Lucchese. All were destroyed at the beginning of the 20th century.
 The Medici Fortress of Santa Barbara, built in the 16th century by the Florentines.
 The ancient Pieve San Michele in Groppoli, in the neighbourhood of the city.

Famous people born in Pistoia 
 Enrico Betti
 Mauro Bolognini
 Licio Gelli
 Cino da Pistoia
 Ippolito Desideri
 Pope Clement IX
 Christian Orlandi
 Marino Marini
 Filippo Pacini

Sisters towns 
Pistoia is twinned with:
 , Pau, since 1975

Other websites
 Comune di Pistoia 
 Pistoia Tourist Consortium: lots of information and city map download
 Virtual Tour of the City 

Cities in Tuscany
Capital cities in Italy
Seleute

Seleute was a municipality, in the new municipality of Clos du Doubs and district of Porrentruy in the canton of Jura in Switzerland.

Former municipalities of Jura
Vendlincourt

Vendlincourt is a municipality of the district of Porrentruy in the canton of Jura in Switzerland.

References

Municipalities of Jura
Bassecourt

Bassecourt is a former municipality of the district of Delémont in the canton of Jura in Switzerland. On 1 January 2013 the former municipalities of Bassecourt, Courfaivre, Glovelier, Soulce and Undervelier merged to form the new municipality of Haute-Sorne.

Other websites

 Official website 

Former municipalities of Jura
2013 disestablishments in Switzerland
Boécourt

Boécourt is a municipality of the district of Delémont in the canton of Jura in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

Municipalities of Jura
Bourrignon

Bourrignon is a municipality of the district of Delémont in the canton of Jura in Switzerland.

Municipalities of Jura
Châtillon, Jura

Châtillon is a municipality of the district of Delémont in the canton of Jura in Switzerland.

Municipalities of Jura
Trans fat

Trans fat is a type of unsaturated fat. Trans fat is often produced in higher amounts in factories when manufacturing certain processed foods such as margarine. Trans fat occurs in nature only very rarely, found in small amounts in meat and milk fat. When vegetable oils are heated or when they are "hydrogenated", trans fats are made. Hydrogenation is the process of bubbling hydrogen gas through the oil to change its consistency. The bubbling raises the melting point of the oil. As the hydrogen passes through, the oil begins to become solid. By stopping the hydrogenation part of the way through, manufacturers obtain "partially hydrogenated oil". This is similar to butter, but much cheaper to produce. It is sold as "margarine", "oleo" or "vegetable shortening".  The process allows cheaply adding a butter-like consistency to food products.

Trans fat is bad for human health and has been linked to a number of problems including: coronary heart disease,  cancer, diabetes, obesity, liver dysfunction, and infertility. Healthy oils are always liquid at the temperature of blood. Saturated and trans fats are not.

There has yet to be a study which shows that trans fat is good for human health in any way. Since scientists and nutritionists now know the health issues related to eating trans fats, trans fats are being used less but there are still some in commercial food products.
  
For some time, the US government's "Food and Drug Administration" allowed makers of food products to label their products as having "0 grams of trans fat per serving" as long as the amount of trans fat in the food product falls below 0.5 grams per serving. Since partially hydrogenated oils are the major source of trans fat, reading the "ingredients" label is the safest way to ensure that a food does not contain any trans fat at all. Fried foods will likely, but not necessarily, contain trans fat since fried foods are produced by using very hot oil.

2015–2018 phaseout in the United States 
In 2013, the Food and Drug Administration began to gradually stop the use of trans fats in all foods. It says there is no safe amount of trans fats that should be in food eaten by humans.

In June 2015, the FDA issued a final statement. It says there is no agreement by scientists that artificial trans fatty acids are safe for any use in human food. Trans fat must be taken out of all food production within three years (by June 2018). The FDA says the ban will cost the food industry $6.2 billion over 20 years. The food industry must use new formulas and recipes using ingredients without trans fat. The benefits will be about $140 billion over 20 years. This will be mostly from lower health care costs. Food companies can issue requests to the FDA for permission to use partially hydrogenated oils. The companies must prove the oils' use is safe.

References

Lipids
Nutrition
Cluny

Cluny is a city in eastern France. It lies in the region of Burgundy. The city grew around the Abbey of Cluny in the 10th century. The town of Mâcon is about 30 km to the southeast. Lyon is about 60 km to the south. Today, about 4,400 people live in the city. The Cluniac Reforms started here. 

Communes in Saône-et-Loire