cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Elephant shrew

The elephant shrew, also called sengi, are any of 16 species of rat-sized African mammals named for their long, tapered, and flexible snout (proboscis).  All have slim bodies, slender limbs, and very long hind legs and feet. Although they resemble shrews, they are not insectivores but constitute the mammalian order Macroscelidea.  Long thought to be related to shrews, they are actually more closely related to elephants than to shrews although this was not known or even widely believed until the 1990s.

Description 
Elephant shrews are terrestrial and are active during the day. Their ears and eyes are large, and, when alarmed, they run on their toes swiftly along paths they construct and maintain, sometimes leaping over obstacles. When foraging, they move along the pathways, using their paws and the constantly moving proboscis to turn over leaf litter and soil in search of prey, which consists of small insects (especially ants and termites), other arthropods, and earthworms. Gestation lasts two months, and litters contain one or two well-developed young.

Mammals of Africa
Mammals
Hyrax

Hyrax also called dassie is any of four species of thick, herbivorous mammals in the order Hyracoidea, any of six species of small hoofed mammal (ungulates) native to Africa and extreme southwestern Asia.

Hyraxes are well-furred rotund creatures with a short tail. Most measure between 30–70 cm long and weigh between 2–5 kg.  Hyraxes are mentioned in the Old Testament of the Bible and it is possible that the Hebrew word for hyrax (shafan) is the source of the name of present-day Spain.  Even though hyraxes are not native to Spain, rabbits are, and the theory states that early Hebrew explorers considered the rabbits to be a variety of hyrax.

Mammals of Africa
Mammals
Reto Von Arx

Reto von Arx (born 13 September, 1976 in Egerkingen, Switzerland) is a Swiss professional ice hockey left winger that currently plays for the HC Davos of the Swiss National League A. von Arx also played in the NHL for 1 season with the Chicago Blackhawks and also for their farm team at the time, the Norfolk Admirals. He was drafted by the Chicago Blackhawks with the 271st overall pick in the 2000 NHL Draft.

Other websites

1976 births
American Hockey League players
Chicago Blackhawks players
Living people
Swiss ice hockey players
René Bourque

René Gary Wayne Bourque (born December 10, 1981 in Lac La Biche, Alberta) is a former Canadian ice hockey left winger. He played in the NHL for the Chicago Blackhawks, Calgary Flames, Montreal Canadiens, and Columbus Blue Jackets.

Awards 
He was named to the AJHL All-Rookie Team in the 1999–00 AJHL season.
He won the Dudley "Red" Garrett Memorial Award in the 2004–05 AHL season.
He was named to the AHL All-Rookie Team in the 2004–05 AHL season.

References

Other websites 

1981 births
Living people
First Nations people
Ice hockey people from Alberta
Calgary Flames players
Chicago Blackhawks players
Montreal Canadiens players
Canadian ice hockey left wingers
American Hockey League players
Absorption

Absorption is a condition in which something takes in another substance. It is a physical or chemical phenomenon or  process, in which atoms, molecules, or ions enter in the inner part (called "bulk") of a gas, liquid, or solid material. 

This is a different process from adsorption. Molecules undergoing absorption are going deep into the volume of the material, instead in the case of adsorption molecules stop at the surface of the material. A more general term is sorption, which covers absorption, adsorption, and ion exchange.

Other meanings of "absorption" are:
 Biology: entry of substances through the skin or other boundaries such as the intestine or cell membrane.
 Pharmacology: release of drugs into the blood.
 Physics: receiving of electromagnetic radiation by a material.

Notes 

Physical chemistry
Hillion

Hillion is a commune. It is found in the region Bretagne in the Côtes-d'Armor department in the west of France.

Sister city
Hillion is twinned with:
 Ballabio, Italy, since 2003

Communes in Côtes-d'Armor
Plouha

Plouha is a commune. It is found in the region Bretagne in the Côtes-d'Armor department in the west of France.

Sister cities
Plouha is twinned with:
 Killorglin, Ireland, since 1999
 Palas de Rei, Spain, since 2003.

Communes in Côtes-d'Armor
Saint-Cast-le-Guildo

Saint-Cast-le-Guildo is a commune. It is found in the region Bretagne in the Côtes-d'Armor department in the west of France.

Communes in Côtes-d'Armor
Tréguier

Tréguier is a commune. It is found in the region Bretagne in the Côtes-d'Armor department in the west of France.

Sister city
Tréguier is twinned with:
 Mondoñedo, Spain

Communes in Côtes-d'Armor
Fréhel, Côtes-d'Armor

Fréhel is a commune. It is found in the region Bretagne in the Côtes-d'Armor department in the west of France.

Twin towns
Fréhel is twinned with:
   Mafra, Portugal

Sport
Cap Fréhel (8,5 km from Fréhel and on the commune of Plévenon) is the end of the 5th stage of the 2011 Tour de France.

Communes in Côtes-d'Armor
Lézardrieux

Lézardrieux is a commune. It is found in the Bretagne region in the Côtes-d'Armor department in the west of France.

Communes in Côtes-d'Armor
Noyal

Noyal is a commune. It is found in the region Bretagne in the Côtes-d'Armor department in the west of France.

Communes in Côtes-d'Armor
San Antonio Rampage

The San Antonio Rampage are an American professional ice hockey team that began playing in 2002. They currently play in the American Hockey League and are the farm team of the Phoenix Coyotes of the NHL. They play their home games in San Antonio, Texas at the AT&T Center. Their ECHL affiliate team is the Las Vegas Wranglers.

Other websites
San Antonio Rampage's Official Site

American Hockey League teams
Arizona Coyotes
Ice hockey teams in the United States
Sports in San Antonio, Texas
2002 establishments in the United States
2000s establishments in Texas
Worcester Sharks

The Worcester Sharks are an American professional ice hockey team that began playing in 2006. They currently play in the American Hockey League and are the farm team of the San Jose Sharks of the NHL. They play their home games in Worcester, Massachusetts at the DCU Center. Their ECHL affiliate team is the Stockton Thunder.

Other websites
Worcester Sharks' Official Site

American Hockey League teams
Ice hockey teams in the United States
San Jose Sharks
Worcester, Massachusetts
2006 establishments in the United States
2000s establishments in Massachusetts
Syracuse Crunch

The Syracuse Crunch are an American professional ice hockey team that began playing in 1994. They currently play in the American Hockey League and are the farm team of the Anaheim Ducks of the NHL. They play their home games in Syracuse, New York at the War Memorial at Oncenter. Their ECHL affiliate team is the Elmira Jackals.

Other websites
Syracuse Crunch's Official Site

American Hockey League teams
Anaheim Ducks
Ice hockey teams in the United States
Syracuse, New York
1994 establishments in the United States
1990s establishments in New York (state)
Toronto Marlies

The Toronto Marlies are a Canadian professional ice hockey team that began playing in 2005. They currently play in the American Hockey League and are the farm team of the Toronto Maple Leafs of the NHL. They play their home games in Toronto, Ontario at the Ricoh Coliseum. Their ECHL affiliate team is the Reading Royals.

Other websites
Toronto Marlies' Official Site 

American Hockey League teams
Ice hockey teams in Ontario
Toronto Maple Leafs
2005 establishments in Canada
Portland Pirates

The Portland Pirates were an American professional ice hockey team that played from 1993 to 2016. Throughout this time, they played in the American Hockey League (AHL) and were the farm team of the Buffalo Sabres of the NHL. They played their home games in Portland, Maine at the Cumberland County Civic Center, and won one Calder Cup which was in 1993.

The team left Portland after the 2015–16 season when it was bought by a group from Springfield, Massachusetts. That city had lost its AHL team, the Springfield Falcons, when the team was bought by the owners of the NHL's Arizona Coyotes and moved to Tucson, Arizona, where it now plays as the Tucson Roadrunners. The former Pirates team now plays as the Springfield Thunderbirds.

Other websites
Portland Pirates' Official Site

American Hockey League teams
Ice hockey teams in the United States
Portland, Maine
1993 establishments in the United States
20th-century establishments in Maine
2016 disestablishments in the United States
Houston Aeros

The Houston Aeros were an American professional ice hockey team that played from 1994 to 2013 in the American Hockey League. They played in Houston, Texas at the Toyota Center.

On April 19, 2013, it was announced that the team would move to Des Moines, Iowa at the beginning of the 2013–14 AHL season and would be known as the Iowa Wild.

References

Other websites
Houston Aeros' Official Site 

Defunct American Hockey League teams
Ice hockey teams in the United States
Minnesota Wild
Sports in Houston, Texas
1994 establishments in Texas
2013 disestablishments in the United States
21st-century disestablishments in Texas
Boxing gloves

Boxing gloves are giant gloves that boxers wear when fighting. These gloves are used to protect a boxer's hand. Boxing gloves are normally eight to ten ounces in weight. Boxing gloves are used in most forms of boxing. "Bare knuckle boxing" means fighting without wearing gloves.

Boxing
Sports gloves
Mamata Banerjee

Mamata Banerjee () (born 5 January 1955) is the current Chief Minister of the Indian state of West Bengal. She is the first woman Chief Minister of the state. She is also the founder and chairperson of the Trinamool Congress. Mamata Banerjee is also the Minister for Home, Health and Family Welfare, Land and Land Reforms, Information and Cultural Affairs, Hill Affairs, Minority Affairs and Madrassah Education, Agriculture, Power and Personnel and Administrative Reforms departments. She is a good orator. Her followers call her "Didi" (meaning the elder sister).

Mamata Banerjee has defeated the 34-year-old the Communist Party of India (Marxist)-led Left Front government in West Bengal. That government was the world's longest-serving democratically-elected communist government.

In the past, she was the Minister of Railways twice, Minister of Coal once, and Minister of State for Human Resource Development, Department of Youth Affairs and Sports and Women and Child Development once in the cabinet of the Government of India.

References

Other websites 

 Official biographical sketch in Parliament of India website 
 Official Party website 
 Profile: by BBC News dated 13 May 2011

|-

1955 births
Living people
Indian politicians
SK Admira Wien

SK Admira Wien is a former football club from Vienna, Austria. It was founded in 1905 by a fusion of the  two clubs „Burschenschaft Einigkeit“ and„Sportklub Vindobona“ which also played in the Jedelsee area of Vienna. The club existed till 1971 when he was merged with  Sportclub Wacker Wien to FC Admira/Wacker.

The most successful aera of the club was in the years between 1926 and 1939 when the club reached seven Austrian national titles and  three Cups. During Nazi occupation of Austria they played in the Gauliga Ostmark. After the Second World War they only reached one title in 1966 and three cup victories. In 1971 the club merged with Wacker Wien and was renamed Admira/Wacker. After financial problems  1997 VFB Mödling and Admira Wacker merges.

Admira players in Austrias team

|-
| 
    Josef Bican
    Michael Breibert
    Fritz Cejka
    Karl Durspekt
    Leopold Facco
    Friedrich Franzl
    Gustav Gerhart
    Erich Habitzl
    Wilhelm Hahnemann
    Josef Hamerl
    Franz Hanreiter
    Anton Janda
    Günter Kaltenbrunner
    Johann Klima
    Anton Koch
    Ferdinand Kolarik
    Gerhard Fleischmann
   Giuseppe Koschier
    Wilhelm Kreuz
    Robert Pavlicek
    Hans Pirkner
    Peter Platzer
    Franz Runge
    Anton Schall
   Johann Schierl
    Karl Schott
    Ignaz Sigl
|
    Karl Skerlan
    Walter Scholz
    Walter Stamm
    Karl Stoiber
    Heinrich Strasser
    Johann Szauer
    Karl Szoldatics
    Johann Urbanek
    Leopold Vogl
    Adolf Vogl
    Josef Wahl
    Rudolf Zöhrer
    Stefan Frühwirth
|}

Wien, SK Admira
Football clubs of Vienna
The Seafarers

The Seafarers is a short movie directed by Stanley Kubrick. It was released in 1953.

Other websites 

1953 movies
American drama movies
Movies directed by Stanley Kubrick
English-language movies
Spartacus (movie)

Spartacus is a 1960 American epic historical drama movie directed by Stanley Kubrick and based on the novel of the same name by Howard Fast. The life story of the historical figure Spartacus and the events of the Third Servile War were adapted by Dalton Trumbo as a screenplay.

The movie stars Kirk Douglas as rebellious slave Spartacus and Laurence Olivier as his foe, the Roman general and politician Marcus Licinius Crassus. Co-starring are Peter Ustinov (who won an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his role as slave trader Lentulus Batiatus), John Gavin (as Julius Caesar), Jean Simmons, Charles Laughton, John Ireland, Herbert Lom, Woody Strode, Tony Curtis, John Dall and Charles McGraw. The movie won four Oscars in all.

The titles were designed by Saul Bass.

Anthony Mann, the film's original director, was replaced by Douglas with Kubrick after the first week of shooting.

Release dates

Other websites 

1960 drama movies
Academy Award winning movies
American drama movies
American epic movies
Golden Globe Award winning movies
1960s historical movies
Movies set in Ancient Rome
Movies directed by Stanley Kubrick
Movies based on books
English-language movies
Universal Pictures movies
Archduchess Maria Clementina of Austria

Maria Clementina of Austria (24 April 1777 – 15 November 1801) was an Austrian archduchess and the tenth child and third daughter of Leopold I, Grand Duke of Tuscany and Maria Luisa of Spain. She was the mother of the famous duchesse de Berry.

Infancy

Archduchess Maria Clementina was born at the Villa del Poggio Imperiale, Poggio Imperiale then located in the Grand Duchy of Tuscany which was then ruled by her father Leopold I (later Holy Roman Emperor) since 1765. She was named after Prince Clemens Wenceslaus of Saxony, her mothers uncle and brother of Maria Amalia of Saxony, Maria Clementina's maternal grandmother.

Marriage

She was married by proxy to Prince Francis, Duke of Calabria, her first cousin, on 19 September 1790. On 26 June 1797 in Foggia, Maria Clementina married the Duke of Calabria, eldest surviving son of Ferdinand IV of Naples and, Maria Carolina of Austria. Prince Francis was the Heir apparent to both the Neapolitan and Sicilian throne's. This marriage was the last of three between the Austrian and Neapolitan royal families, the previous two being between Archduke Francis, her oldest brother and Maria Teresa of Naples and Sicily in 1790 after Archduke Ferdinand and Luisa of Naples and Sicily. They were double first cousins as they shared all their grandparents in common. They had two children. She died in Naples after giving birth to a son the previous year which undermined her health. She is thought to have died from lung disease or tuberculosis. She was buried in Basilica of Santa Chiara, Naples with her son. 

After her death, her husband married Infanta Maria Isabella of Spain, again his first cousin, the youngest surviving daughter of Charles IV of Spain (brother of Maria Clementina's mother) and Maria Luisa of Parma. 

Her only daughter Carolina, married Charles Ferdinand, Duke of Berry in April 1816. He was the son of Charles X of France and Maria Teresa of Savoy. They were the parents of the French pretender Henri d'Artois, Count of Chambord and the Duchess of Parma making Maria Clementina an ancestress of the present Duke of Calabria and his rival the Duke of Castro.

Issue

 Princess Carolina of Naples and Sicily (5 November 1798 – 17 April 1870) married Charles Ferdinand, Duke of Berry and had issue;
 Prince Ferdinando Francesco d'Assisi of Naples and Sicily  (27 August 1800 – 1 July 1801) died in infancy.

Titles, styles, honours and arms

Titles and styles

24 April 1777 – 26 June 1797 Her Royal Highness Archduchess Maria Clementina of Austria, Princess of Tuscany
26 June 1797 – 15 November 1801 Her Royal Highness the Duchess of Calabria

References

Other websites 

1777 births
1801 deaths
Deaths from lung disease
People from Florence
House of Habsburg-Lorraine
House of Bourbon
Tuscan princes and princesses
Paparazzi (song)

"Paparazzi" is a song by American pop singer Lady Gaga from her first album, The Fame (2008). It was released digitally in Ireland and United Kingdom on July 6, 2009 and Australia was released on July 10, 2009 as the last single from the album. It is about a stalker who follows someone to become famous. The music video is eight minutes long.

The song managed to reach number one in Germany; the top five in Australia, New Zealand, Canada, and the UK; and the top ten in the US.  It became Gaga's fourth consecutive number-one song on Billboard's Pop Songs airplay chart. On February 29, 2016, the Recording Industry Association of America certified "Paparazzi" 4× Platinum for sales and streams equal to four million copies in the United States.

Charts

Year-end charts

References 

2008 songs
2009 songs
Lady Gaga songs
Dance-pop songs
Chaudière-Appalaches

Chaudière-Appalaches is region of Quebec, Canada. It is named for the Chaudière River and the Appalachian Mountains.

According to the Canadian 2006 census 393,669 people live in Chaudière-Appalaches. It also has an area of . Its main cities are Lévis, Saint-Georges, Thetford Mines, Sainte-Marie and Montmagny.

Subdivisions 
Regional County Municipalities
 Beauce-Sartigan Regional County Municipality
 Bellechasse Regional County Municipality
 La Nouvelle-Beauce Regional County Municipality
 Les Appalaches Regional County Municipality
 Les Etchemins Regional County Municipality
 L'Islet Regional County Municipality
 Lotbinière Regional County Municipality
 Montmagny Regional County Municipality
 Robert-Cliche Regional County Municipality

Independent City
 Lévis
 Borough of Desjardins
 Borough of Les Chutes-de-la-Chaudière-Est
 Borough of Les Chutes-de-la-Chaudière-Ouest

Major communities
Beauceville
Disraeli
Laurier-Station
Lévis
Montmagny
Saint-Apollinaire
Saint-Georges
Saint-Joseph-de-Beauce
Sainte-Marie
Saint-Pamphile
Thetford Mines

Other websites
Portail régional de la Chaudière-Appalaches  Official website
Tourisme Chaudière-Appalaches

Regions of Quebec
Providence Bruins

The Providence Bruins are an American professional ice hockey team that began playing in 1992. They currently play in the American Hockey League and are the farm team of the Boston Bruins of the NHL. They play their home games in Providence, Rhode Island at the Dunkin' Donuts Center. They have won 1 Calder Cup which was in 1998.

Other websites
Providence Bruins' Official Site

American Hockey League teams
Boston Bruins
Ice hockey teams in the United States
Providence, Rhode Island
1992 establishments in the United States
20th-century establishments in Rhode Island
Springfield Falcons

The Springfield Falcons are an American professional ice hockey team that began playing in 1994. They currently play in the American Hockey League and are the farm team of the Columbus Blue Jackets of the NHL. They play their home games in Springfield, Massachusetts at the MassMutual Center. Their CHL affiliate team is the Fort Wayne Komets.

Other websites
Springfield Falcons' Official Site

American Hockey League teams
Columbus Blue Jackets
Ice hockey teams in the United States
Binghamton Senators

The Binghamton Senators are an American professional ice hockey team that began playing in 2002. They currently play in the American Hockey League and are the farm team of the Ottawa Senators of the NHL. They play their home games in Binghamton, New York at the Broome County Veterans Memorial Arena. Their ECHL affiliate team is the Elmira Jackals.

Other websites
Binghamton Senators Official Site

American Hockey League teams
Ice hockey teams in the United States
Ottawa Senators
Rochester Americans

The Rochester Americans are an American professional ice hockey team that began playing in 1956. They currently play in the American Hockey League and are the farm team of the Buffalo Sabres of the NHL. They play their home games in Rochester, New York at the Blue Cross Arena at the War Memorial. Their ECHL affiliate team is the Cincinnati Cyclones. The team is sometimes called the "Amerks" for short. The team has won 6 Calder Cups.

Other websites
Rochester Americans Official Site

American Hockey League teams
Ice hockey teams in the United States
Rochester, New York
1956 establishments in the United States
1950s establishments in New York (state)
Texas Stars

The Texas Stars are an American professional ice hockey team that began playing in 2009. They currently play in the American Hockey League and are the farm team of the Dallas Stars of the NHL. They play their home games in Cedar Park, Texas at the Cedar Park Center. Their ECHL affiliate team is the Idaho Steelheads and their CHL affiliate team is the Allen Americans.

Other websites
Texas Stars Official Site

American Hockey League teams
Dallas Stars
Ice hockey teams in the United States
2009 establishments in the United States
2000s establishments in Texas
Peoria Rivermen

The Peoria Rivermen were an American professional ice hockey team that played in the American Hockey League from 2005 to 2013. They play in Peoria, Illinois at the Carver Arena.

The AHL announced that on June 14, 2013, the Rivermen franchise would relocate to Utica, New York and be known as the Utica Comets for the 2013-14 AHL season.

References

Other websites
 Peoria Rivermen Official Site

American Hockey League teams
Defunct American Hockey League teams
Ice hockey teams in the United States
St. Louis Blues
2005 establishments in Illinois
2013 disestablishments in the United States
21st-century disestablishments in Illinois
Cleveland Monsters

The Cleveland Monsters, known before the 2016–17 season as the Lake Erie Monsters, are an American professional ice hockey team that began playing in 2007. They currently play in the American Hockey League and are the farm team of the Columbus Blue Jackets of the NHL. They play their home games in Cleveland, Ohio at the Quicken Loans Arena.

Other websites
Cleveland Monsters Official Site

American Hockey League teams
Columbus Blue Jackets
Ice hockey teams in the United States
Sports in Cleveland, Ohio
2007 establishments in the United States
2000s establishments in Ohio
Interquartile range

In statistics, the interquartile range (IQR) is a number that indicates how spread out the data are, and tells us what the range is in the middle of a set of scores. 

The interquartile range IQR is defined as:

That is, it is calculated as the range of the middle half of the scores. The scores are divided into four equal parts, separated by the quartiles  and , after the scores have been arranged in ascending order (becoming bigger as one goes further). The second quartile  is also known as the median.

The interquartile range is not sensitive to outliers (scores that are much higher or much lower than the other scores). In fact, it eliminates them.

Example
Given the following 20 scores arranged from the smallest to the largest: 
1, 2, 2, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 9, 11, 11, 14, 14, 15, 15, 29
We can put them into four different groups of five numbers each:

1, 2, 2, 2, 3 | 4, 6, 8, 8, 8 | 8, 8, 9, 11, 11 | 14, 14, 15, 15, 29

The groups are thus separated by:

Hence the interquartile range is:

If the observation 29 has accidentally been written down as 92 instead, then this number is an outlier. Notice that the interquartile range is not affected in that case.

Related pages 

 Range (statistics)
 Standard deviation

References 

Statistics
Amami rabbit

The Amami Rabbit (Pentalagus furnessi; Amami: ʔosagi) also known as the Ryukyu Rabbit, is a primitive dark-furred rabbit which is only found in Amami Ōshima and Toku-no-Shima, two small islands in between southern Kyūshū and Okinawa in Kagoshima Prefecture in Japan. Often called a living fossil, the Amami Rabbit is a living remnant of ancient rabbits that once lived on the Asian mainland, where they died out, remaining only on the two small islands where they survive today.

Lagomorphs
Mammals of Asia
Animals of Japan
Albany Devils

The Albany Devils are an American professional ice hockey team that began playing in 2010. Right now, they play in the American Hockey League and are the farm team of the New Jersey Devils of the NHL. They play their home games in Albany, New York at the Times Union Center and sometimes at the Boardwalk Hall. Their ECHL affiliate team is the Trenton Devils.

Other websites
Albany Devils Official Site

2010 establishments in the United States
2010s establishments in New York (state)
Albany, New York
American Hockey League teams
Ice hockey teams in the United States
New Jersey Devils
Abbotsford Heat

The Abbotsford Heat were a Canadian professional ice hockey team that began playing in 2009. They played for 5 seasons in the American Hockey League and were the farm team of the Calgary Flames of the NHL. They played their home games in Abbotsford, British Columbia at the Abbotsford Entertainment & Sports Centre. 

The team struggled with financial problems and had low attendance near the end. The city of Abbotsford terminated their contract with the Heat on April 15, 2014. On May 5, 2014, The AHL's Board of Governors said at their spring meeting in Chicago that they had approved the relocation of the team to Glens Falls, New York for the 2014-15 AHL season.

References

Other websites
Official website

2014 disestablishments in North America
American Hockey League teams
Calgary Flames
Defunct American Hockey League teams
Ice hockey teams in British Columbia
2009 establishments in the United States
ECHL

The ECHL (formerly East Coast Hockey League) is a professional ice hockey league based in the United States and is considered a lower tier than the American Hockey League.

Overview 
The ECHL and the American Hockey League are the only ice hockey leagues that receive recognition by the collective bargaining agreement between the National Hockey League and the National Hockey League Players' Association which means that any player that is signed to an entry-level NHL contract and is designated for assignment must report to a club either in the AHL or the ECHL. 

The major championship in the ECHL that the two winning team of their conferences play for is the Kelly Cup. There are currently 27 teams in the ECHL.

Teams in the ECHL 

 Notes

 A star (*) denotes a franchise move. See the respective team articles for more information.

Other websites 
 Official ECHL website

National Hockey League
Ice hockey leagues in Canada
Ice hockey leagues in the United States
1988 establishments in the United States
Grand Rapids Griffins

The Grand Rapids Griffins are an American professional ice hockey team that began playing in 1996 in the IHL. They currently play in the American Hockey League and are the farm team of the Detroit Red Wings of the NHL. They play their home games in Grand Rapids, Michigan at the Van Andel Arena. Their ECHL affiliate team is the Toledo Walleye.

Other websites
Grand Rapids Griffins Official Site

American Hockey League teams
Detroit Red Wings
Ice hockey teams in the United States
Grand Rapids, Michigan
1996 establishments in the United States
1990s establishments in Michigan
Hamilton Bulldogs

The Hamilton Bulldogs are a Canadian professional ice hockey team that began playing in 1996. They play in the Onatrio Hockey League
They formerly played in the American Hockey League and are the farm team of the Montreal Canadiens of the NHL. 
They play their home games in Hamilton, Ontario at the Copps Coliseum which is nicknamed "The Dog Pound".

Other websites
Hamilton Bulldogs Official Site

American Hockey League teams
Ice hockey teams in Ontario
Montreal Canadiens
Sport in Hamilton
Chicago Wolves

The Chicago Wolves are an American professional ice hockey team that began playing in 1994. They currently play in the American Hockey League and are the farm team of the Vegas Golden Knights of the NHL. They play their home games in Rosemont, Illinois at the Allstate Arena. Their ECHL affiliate team is the Gwinnett Gladiators.

Other websites
Chicago Wolves Official Site

American Hockey League teams
Ice hockey teams in the United States
Vegas Golden Knights
1994 establishments in Illinois
Oklahoma City Barons

The Oklahoma City Barons are an American professional ice hockey team that began playing in 2010. They currently play in the American Hockey League and are the farm team of the Edmonton Oilers of the NHL. They play their home games in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma at the Cox Convention Center. Their ECHL affiliate team is the Stockton Thunder.

Other websites
Oklahoma City Barons Official Site 

American Hockey League teams
Ice hockey teams in the United States
Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
2010 establishments in the United States
21st-century establishments in Oklahoma
Milwaukee Admirals

The Milwaukee Admirals are an American professional ice hockey team that began playing in 2001. They currently play in the American Hockey League and are the farm team of the Nashville Predators of the NHL. They play their home games in Milwaukee, Wisconsin at UW–Milwaukee Panther Arena. Their ECHL affiliate team is the Cincinnati Cyclones.

Other websites
Milwaukee Admirals Official Site

American Hockey League teams
Ice hockey teams in the United States
Nashville Predators
Sports in Milwaukee, Wisconsin
2001 establishments in the United States
2000s establishments in Tennessee
Adirondack Phantoms

The Adirondack Phantoms are an American professional ice hockey team that began playing in 2009. They currently play in the American Hockey League and are the farm team of the Philadelphia Flyers of the NHL. They play their home games in Glens Falls, New York at the Glens Falls Civic Center. Their ECHL affiliate team is the Greenville Road Warriors.

Other websites
Adirondack Phantoms Official Site

American Hockey League teams
Ice hockey teams in the United States
Philadelphia Flyers
2009 establishments in the United States
2000s establishments in Pennsylvania
Charlotte Checkers (2010–)

The Charlotte Checkers are an American professional ice hockey team that began playing in 2010. They currently play in the American Hockey League and are the farm team of the Carolina Hurricanes of the NHL. They play their home games in Charlotte, North Carolina at Bojangles' Coliseum. Their ECHL affiliate team is the Florida Everblades. The team was originally an ECHL team but the new owner Michael Kahn relinquished the ECHL franchise and relocated the Albany River Rats to Charlotte to beccome the Charlotte Checkers.

Other websites
Charlotte Checkers Official Site

American Hockey League teams
Ice hockey teams in the United States
Carolina Hurricanes
Sports in Charlotte, North Carolina
2010 establishments in the United States
21st-century establishments in North Carolina
Norfolk Admirals

The Norfolk Admirals are an American professional ice hockey team that began playing in 2000. They currently play in the American Hockey League and are the farm team of the Tampa Bay Lightning of the NHL. They play their home games in Norfolk, Virginia at the Norfolk Scope. Their ECHL affiliate team is the Florida Everblades.

Other websites
Norfolk Admirals Official Site

American Hockey League teams
Ice hockey teams in the United States
Tampa Bay Lightning
Norfolk, Virginia
2000 establishments in the United States
20th-century establishments in Virginia
Hershey Bears

The Hershey Bears are an American professional ice hockey team that began playing in 1938 which makes them the longest-existing team in the AHL. They currently play in the American Hockey League and are the farm team of the Washington Capitals of the NHL. They play their home games in Hershey, Pennsylvania at the Giant Center. Their ECHL affiliate team is the South Carolina Stingrays. The Bears have won a total of 11 Calder Cups.

Other websites
Hershey Bears Official Site

American Hockey League teams
Ice hockey teams in the United States
Washington Capitals
1938 establishments in the United States
1930s establishments in Pennsylvania
Social Security (United States)

In the United States, Social Security is the term for the federal Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance (OASDI) program. That program is run by the Social Security Administration. The original Social Security Act was signed into law by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1935. The current version of the Act, as amended, involves many social welfare and social insurance programs.

Social Security gets its money through payroll taxes. Those taxes are called Federal Insurance Contributions Act tax (FICA) or Self Employed Contributions Act Tax (SECA). Tax deposits are collected by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS). Almost all salaried income, up to an certain amount set by law (see tax rate table below), is taxed by the Social Security payroll tax. All income over the set amount is not taxed. In 2019, the maximum amount of taxable money is $132,900.

In 2017, Social Security spent $806.7 billion for OASDI and $145.8 billion for DI.

History

A limited form of the Social Security program started during President Franklin D. Roosevelt's first term. It started using "social insurance" to help during the Great Depression of the 1930s.

References

Other websites
 Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance ("OASDI')
 Social Security Administration
 Social Security Advisory Board
 Social Security Retirement Questions FAQ
 Duties of Social Security Disability Attorneys
 Social Security Internet Myths part 1, Social Security Internet Myths part 2
 Congressional Budget Office: Social Security Primer (2001)
 US Government Accountability Office, Social Security Reform: Answers to Key Questions
 Social Security Act of 1935
 Social Security Amendments of 1983
 Calculators
 Social Security benefit calculators
 Urban Institute's USA TODAY Lifetime Social Security and Medicare Benefits Calculator
 More information
 Commission to Strengthen Social Security
 Social Security Advisory Board
 President's Commission to Strengthen Social Security
 75th Anniversary of Social Security at the Franklin D. Roosevelt Presidential Museum and Library
 TimeLines of US SSI Numbers  (Years Numbers States)
 Social Security Death Index Information
 Articles
 
 Social Security: Major Decisions in the House and Senate Since 1935 Congressional Research Service (2016)
 Social Security's Financial Outlook and Reforms: An Independent Evaluation, Jagadeesh Gokhale, member of the Social Security Advisory Board advising Congress and the President
 Time Archives  A Collection regarding Social Security's progression and perception over time

Taxation
Welfare economics
Emme

Melissa Aronson (born 1963 in New York, New York), better known as Emme, is an American plus-size supermodel. She is one of the leading plus-sized models in the profession, as well as its highest earner.

1963 births
Living people
Models from Manhattan
Maria Francisca of Savoy

Maria Francisca of Savoy (Marie Françoise Élisabeth; 21 June 1646 – 27 December 1683) was a Princess of Savoy and the Queen consort of Portugal twice as the wife of Afonso VI and his brother Peter II.

Biography

The younger daughter of Charles Amadeus, Duke of Nemours, and Élisabeth de Bourbon she was the younger sister of Marie Jeanne, Duchess of Savoy who married Victor Amadeus II in 1666. She was baptised with the names Marie Françoise Élisabeth, but was known as "Marie Françoise". 

Born a princess of Savoy, her immediate family had resided in France since the previous century. Styled Mademoiselle d'Aumale she was engaged to Afonso VI of Portugal by order of Louis XIV who wanted an alliance with Portugal against Spain. As such, the young queen left Paris on 29 May 1666, with the Marquis of Sande and his entourage, heading to La Rochelle. On 27 June there was a proxy ceremony where Afonso VI was represented by Sande. She bought a dowry of 1.8 Million pounds as part of an agreement which was signed on 24 February 1666. She arrived had her marriage in person on 2 August 1666. Her husband was pleased at his attractive wife. Her husband was paralysed on his left side and mentally unstable. The marriage was never consummated, and she divorced him. 

On 28 March 1668, she married Afonso's brother, Infante Pedro, Duke of Beja, who was appointed prince regent the same year. The king was exiled for seven years and died in 1683. Maria Francisca again becaf Portugal for the second time when Peter succeeded his brother as Peter II in 1683. She died in December the same year and was buried at the "Convent of the Francesinhas", but was moved to the "Monastery of São Vicente de Fora" in 1912. Pedro II remarried Maria Sofia of Neuburg by whom he had several children.

Children

Infanta Isabel Luísa of Portugal (6 January 1669 - 21 October 1690) died unmarried and was known as the Princess of Beira as heiress presumptive to the Portuguese throne.

Titles, styles, honours and arms

Titles and styles

21 June 1646 – 2 August 1666 Her Highness Mademoiselle d'Aumale
2 August 1666 – 21 December 1668 Her Majesty the Queen of Portugal and the Algarves
21 December 1668 – 2 April 1668 Dona Maria Francisca de Bragança
2 April 1668 – 12 September 1683 Her Royal Highness The Duchess of Beja
12 September 1683 – 27 December 1683 Her Majesty the Queen of Portugal and the Algarves

1646 births
1683 deaths
House of Braganza
Kings and Queens consort of Portugal
Princes and Princesses of Savoy
SV Grödig

SV Grödig is an Austrian football club from Grödig near Salzburg, Austria . The team plays  in the Regionalliga Salzburg, the third highest league in Austrian football.

History
The club was founded in 1948 and played till the 1990s in different classes of the SFV (Salzburger football association). In the 1990s they won 4 championships. 2003 they promoted to the Regionalliga West(3rd division). 2006 Eduard Glieder, a former team player became coach of SV Grödig, they reached the 6th place. The next year Heimo Pfeifenberger, another former team player became coach. 2008 they were promoted to the 1.Division, the second level in Austrian football. The first year was not successful and they were relegated to the Regionalliga. 2009/10 they won the league and were again promoted to the First Division. The season 2010/11 was successful, they reached th 6th place. After this success the president announced, that the aim for the next season is reaching a top position. Therefore,  the team was chanced and 6 players left the club. 2012/13 they won the league under coach Adi Hütter and were promoted to the Bundesliga. In the 2015/16 league they were relegated to the Second League, but went straight to the third league because of  financial reasons.

Current squad

Coaches

 Miroslav Bojčeski (20 Aug 2005 – 30 June 2006)
 Eduard Glieder (1 July 2006 – 30 June 2007)
 Heimo Pfeifenberger (1 July 2007 – 12 Dec 2008)
 Miroslav Bojčeski (14 Dec 2008 – 30 June 2009)
 Michael Brandner (1 July 2009 – 26 March 2010)
 Johann Davare (interim) (26 March 2010 – 3 April 2010)
 Heimo Pfeifenberger (4 April 2010 – 30 May 2012)
 Adi Hütter (1 June 2012 – 31 May 2014)
 Michael Baur (1 June 2014–15)
 Peter Schöttel (17 June 2015 – 16 May 2016)
 Andreas Fötschl (1 July 2016 – 31 Dec 2017)
 Mario Messner (1 January 2018 – 4 November 2018)
 Miroslav Bojceski (3. December 2018 – 30 June 2020)
 Heimo Pfeifenberger (1 July 2020 – 31 December 2021)
 Thomas Schnöll (1 January 2021 – present)

Honours
 Champion Regionalliga West(3)
 Champion in different leagues of the Salzburg football association (31)

References

Football clubs of Salzburg
USG Ardagger/Neustadtl

The USG Ardagger/Neustadtl is a women's soccer team from Lower Austria. It is formed out of the two clubs SCU Ardagger and SV Neustadtl. The club plays in the ÖFB-Frauenliga league, the highest level in Austrian women's soccer. 

The club was founded in 1996 and started playing during the 1996/97 season in the Lower Austria Women league. The next year they were promoted to the second women league (East division). In 2001/02 they won the league and were promoted to the ÖFB-Frauenliga where they still are.

Squad 2010/11

Goalkeeper
Alexandra Pichler 	
Carina Buchberger

Defence
Isabelle Köck
Carina Buchberger 	
Evelyn Bader 	
Manon Haas 	
Lucia Zolvikova

Midfielder
	Karin Bamberger
	Dragana Beric
	Julia Schneider 	
	Cornelia Just 	
		Viktoria Madl 	
		Anke Brunner

Forward
	Kerstin Koppler
	Katharina Strauchs
	Diana Seitner
	Natalia Mackovicova

Honours
ÖFB Ladies Cup:half final 2002/03, 2004/05
Lower Austria Women's league:Champion 1997/98
2nd division (east division):champion 2001/02

References

Women's football in Austria
Austrian football clubs
Football clubs of Lower Austria
Psycho (1960 movie)

Psycho is a 1960 American slasher movie directed by Alfred Hitchcock. It is set in Arizona and California. It is considered to be one of the first modern horror films since modern horror began in the 1960s.

Plot
It tells the story of a young woman, played by Janet Leigh, who steals money from her workplace and runs away. When she stops at a motel for the night she is murdered by the hotel's owner, played by Perkins. The owner has dissociative identity disorder and is obsessed with his dead mother. The movie is famous for the unexpected death of Leigh's character early in the movie in the 'Shower Scene' which has in turn become very famous in popular culture. It is now known as the first "Slasher movie" and one of Hitchcock's greatest movies.

Background
The movie is based on the book of the same name by Robert Bloch. This was inspired by the real life crimes of Wisconsin serial killer, Ed Gein. The movie was nominated for four Academy Awards including Best Director. The movie was the first motion picture to feature a toilet flushing.

Remake

The movie was remade in 1998.

Main cast

References 

Notes

Other websites 

 
 
 Alfred Hitchcock Fans Online - Psycho (1960) 
 Bright Lights Film Journal article on Psycho
 Filmsite: Psycho In-depth analysis of the movie.
 Psychohouse WebSite 
 The Psycho Movies Web Site
 Review of the UK Special Edition DVD release, by Brian Elliott of DVD Reviewer

1960 crime movies
1960 horror movies
1960s mystery movies
1960 thriller movies
American crime thriller movies
American horror thriller movies
American mystery movies
American serial killer movies
Cross-dressing in movies
Dissociative identity disorder in movies
English-language movies
Movies based on books
Movies composed by Bernard Herrmann
Movies directed by Alfred Hitchcock
Movies set in Arizona
Movies set in California
Phoenix, Arizona in fiction
United States National Film Registry movies
Paramount Pictures movies
Universal Pictures movies
Slasher movie

A slasher movie  is a horror or thriller movie in which there is a killer hunting after a group of people, picking them off one by one. Often the killer has a powerful weapon, is crazy or insane, and is either unstoppable or cannot die. Common examples of slashers include: A Nightmare on Elm Street, Friday the 13th (1980 movie), Halloween (franchise) and Psycho (movie). Stephen King has written several slasher movies.
Silent movie

A silent movie is a movie made without sound. Silent movies were made from the late 1880s to the early 1930s. They used early cameras that could not record sound.  Either the movie was being made before sound cameras were invented, or the movie makers could not afford the expensive new equipment. 

Charlie Chaplin was known as one of the best movie stars during "The Silent Era", as it's called today in movie history.  Some silent stars also did well in sound movies.  Popular silent movies include Nosferatu: A Symphony of Terror, A Trip to the Moon, The General, and Metropolis.

Technology
Silent movie
Bernard Greenhouse

Bernard Greenhouse (born January 3, 1916; died May 13, 2011) was an American cellist.  He was particularly famous for playing chamber music and was one of the original members of the Beaux Arts Trio (a group of three musicians: a pianist, violinist and cellist).

Early life
Greenhouse was born in Newark, New Jersey to a musical family.  He started to learn the cello when he was nine.  He studied with Felix Salmond at the Juilliard School of Music in New York City.  Then he studied with the great cellist Emmanuel Feuermann.  He was also one of the very few students of the legendary cellist Pablo Casals.

When he started his career he soon became the principal cellist of the CBS Symphony Orchestra from 1938-1942 and he also played chamber music with the Dorian String Quartet.  After his studies with Casals he gave many solo recitals, but most of all he loved chamber music.

Career 
In 1955, he met the violinist Daniel Guilet and the pianist Menahem Pressler in New York. Together they formed the Beaux Arts Trio.  This group became a world famous trio.  Bernard Greenhouse played with them until 1987.   

At the time there were a few string quartets who were famous, but the idea of having success as a piano trio seemed strange. However, Columbia Artists asked them to play in 10 concerts, then they were offered 80 concerts.  Soon they were performing in Europe and then all over the world, giving about 130 concerts a year in the USA alone and making many recordings.  

Bernard Greenhouse taught at the Julliard and Manhattan schools of music in New York and at several other music schools in the USA. 

When he retired he went to live in Massachusetts.  There he gave lessons to talented young players, never charging them fees. Greenhouse was given many awards, including the Prix Mondial du Disque and the US Presidential Medallion 1985.

Greenhouse was still playing the cello at the age of 95.  He died in Wellfleet, Massachusetts on Cape Cod, on May 13, 2011.

References

American cellists
Musicians from New Jersey
1916 births
2011 deaths
Beaux Arts Trio

The Beaux Arts Trio was a famous piano trio. The three musicians (a violinist, cellist and pianist first performed together in public on 13 July  1955 at the Berkshire Music Festival, known today as the Tanglewood Music Center. Their last American concert was held at Tanglewood on 21 August 2008.  Their last concert was in Lucerne, Switzerland on 6 September  2008.

The Beaux Arts Trio made many recordings including all the well-known works for piano, violin and cello.

When the trio started its members were:

Piano: Menahem Pressler
Violin: Daniel Guilet
Cello: Bernard Greenhouse

The pianist was Menahem Pressler during its whole existence.

There were several changes of violinist:
After Daniel Guilet left they were: Isidore Cohen (1968~), Ida Kavafian (1992~), Yung Uck Kim (1998~), Daniel Hope (2002~)

Bernard Greenhouse stayed with the group until 1987.  After that the cellists were Peter Wiley (1987~), Antonio Meneses (1998~)

Other websites 
 Beaux Arts Trio website

Musical groups
Todo Noticias

Todo Noticias (TN) is an Argentine television news channel. It belongs to Grupo Clarín since 1993, when it was launched. Débora Pérez Volpin was the known reporter for the channel from 2005 until her retirement in 2017.

News shows

Monday to Fridays

Weekends

Saturdays

Sundays

Other Shows 
TN Deportivo
Desde el llano
A dos Voces (with Marcelo Bonelli and Edgardo Alfano)
La rosca (with Daniel Canedo y Eduardo Van der Kooy.)
La viola
En el camino  (with Mario Markic)
TN Tecno
Cámara del Crimen
TN Autos
TN Internacional
Esta es mi Villa
Verdad / Consecuencia

Slogans
"Periodismo Independiente" (1993-2012)
"Todos Nosotros" (2008-)

References 

Television channels in South America
Argentine culture
1993 establishments