cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
The Wanted

The Wanted are an English-Irish boy band. They are made up of five members: Max George, Nathan Sykes, Tom Parker, Jay McGuiness and Siva Kaneswaran. They formed in 2009 and released their first album in 2010.

So far, they have released three albums: The Wanted (2010), Battleground (2011), and Word of Mouth (2013). These reached the fourth, fifth, and ninth place in the UK album charts. Their first single, All Time Low, reached number 1 in the UK singles chart. In 2011 they also recorded the song "Gold Forever" which was the official single for Comic Relief.

Members of the group 
 Max George - Vocalist
 Nathan Sykes - Vocalist
 Siva Kaneswaran - Vocalist
 Jay McGuiness - Vocalist
 Tom Parker - Vocalist

References

Other websites 
Official website 

2009 establishments in the United Kingdom
2000s British music groups
2010s British music groups
British boy bands

Musical quintets
Shapley Supercluster

The Shapley Supercluster or Shapley Concentration (SCl 124) is the largest concentration of galaxies in our nearby universe. 

It is a gravitationally interacting unit 650 million light years away (z=0.046). This means it pulls itself together, instead of expanding with the universe. It is an overdensity in the distribution of galaxies in the constellation of Centaurus.

History 
In the late 1920s, Harlow Shapley and his colleagues at the Harvard College Observatory started a survey of galaxies in the southern sky, using photographic plates obtained at the 24-inch Bruce telescope at Bloemfontein, South Africa. He found a 'cloud' in the constellation of Centaurus to be the most striking concentration of galaxies.

In recent times, the Shapley Supercluster was rediscovered, in a survey of galaxies of galaxies at the University of Cambridge in England. In this paper, the supercluster was named after Shapley, in recognition of his pioneering survey of galaxies in which this concentration of galaxies was first seen. Around the same time, others had noticed a remarkable concentration of clusters in the Abell catalogue of galaxy clusters: they had named it the Alpha concentration.

References 

Galaxy clusters
Jake Bugg

Jake Bugg (born 28 February 1994) is an English singer and songwriter. He was born and raised in Nottingham. He was chosen by the BBC to participate in the Glastonbury Festival in 2011. He got a contract with a record label after that.

His first album, Jake Bugg, was released on 15 October 2012. It came top of the charts in the UK and in Scotland. He has published seven singles from his album: "Trouble Town", "Country Song", "Lightning Bolt", "Taste It", "Two Fingers", "Seen It All" and "Broken".

Bugg released his second album Shangri La on 18 November 2013.

Bugg was nominated for "British Breakthrough Act" at the 2013 Brit Awards.

His third album On My One was released on 17 June 2016.

References

Other websites 

Official website

1994 births
Living people
English singer-songwriters
Entertainers from Nottingham
Musicians from Nottinghamshire
Mario & Sonic at the Olympic Games

Mario & Sonic at the Olympic Games is a sports video game created by Sega Sports R&D and published by Nintendo. It is the first video game to have both Mario and Sonic the Hedgehog characters. It was released for the Nintendo Wii in November 2007 and for the Nintendo DS in January 2008. It was the official video game of the 2008 Summer Olympic Games.

Players can play 24 events. Both versions have different events. The events are based off of the actual Olympic events played in real life. 16 characters are playable. They are separated into four categories: all-around, speed, power, and skill. In the Wii version, the player can also play as a Mii created in the Mii Channel.

References

Mario video games
Sonic the Hedgehog games
Sports video games
Wii games
Nintendo DS games
2007 video games
Altınyazı, Mucur

Altınyazı is a village in Turkey. It is in the Kırşehir Province. The population is around 220. The village was founded about 2000 years ago. The old name of Altınyazı was Aflak, after an old Seljukid general who died here.

Settlements in Turkey
Polisario Front

The Polisario Front (,  transliterates to , translates to Popular Front for the Liberation of el Hamra and Río de Oro) is a rebel militia group and political party, which is active in Western Sahara. The movement succeeded the older movement called Movimiento para la Liberación del Sahara, which was active until the 1960s. The movement was founded in the early 1970s. It was first active fighting for the independence of the Spanish Sahara, which was a Spanish colony until 1975. After the Spanish left, Mauritania and Morocco annexed the Western Sahara, the Polisario, however, claimed the entire Western Sahara under the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic. 

In 1991, the United Nations brokered a peace agreement. Nowadays, Western Sahara is split into two zones, separated by the Moroccan Wall. Morocco controls de facto most of the territory.

Western Sahara
Nationalist organizations in Africa
National liberation movements
Rebel militia groups in Africa
1970s establishments in Africa
Edward G. Robinson

Edward G. Robinson (born Emanuel Goldenberg; December 12, 1893 – January 26, 1973) was a Romanian-American actor. He was known for his roles as Rico in Little Caesar and as Rocco in Key Largo. Other well-known roles include Barton Keyes in the movie Double Indemnity, Dathan in The Ten Commandments, and his final role as Sol Roth in Soylent Green. He won an honorary Academy Award in 1973, two months after his death. He was listed in the 25 Greatest Male Actors of All Time.

Early life
Robinson was born on December 12, 1893 in Bucharest, Romania to a Jewish-Yiddish family. After his brother was attacked by the Mafia, Robinson and his family moved to New York City in February 1903.

Education
He studied at Townsend Harris High School and at City College of New York. He then studied to become an actor at the American Academy of Dramatic Arts. His career began in 1913, ten years after moving to the United States.

Personal life
Robinson was married to Gladys Lloyd from 1927 until they divorced in 1956. Then he was married to Jane Robinson from 1958 until his death in 1973. He had one son with Gladys and one step-daughter from his last marriage. Robinson was a Liberal Democrat.

Death
Robinson died on January 26, 1973 in his home in Los Angeles, California from bladder cancer, aged 79. He was buried at Beth-El Cemetery in Queens, New York.

References

Other websites

 
 
 
 Photographs and literature

1893 births
1973 deaths
Deaths from bladder cancer
Naturalized citizens of the United States
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
American stage actors
American radio actors
Jewish American actors
Actors from New York City
Academy Award Honorary Award winners
Actors from Bucharest
Carole Lombard

Carole Lombard (October 06, 1908 – January 16, 1942) was an American actress. She was one of the highest paid actors in Hollywood with the total of $500,000. She was listed as one of the greatest female actresses of all time.

Lombard was born on October 06, 1908 in Fort Wayne, Indiana United States She studied at Virgil Jr. High School and then at Fairfax High School. She was married to William Powell from 1931 until they divorced in 1933. Then she was married to Clark Gable from 1939 until her death in 1942. She had no children. Lombard died on January 16, 1942 in a plane crash in Mount Potosi, Nevada, United States of America aged 33 years old.

References

Other websites

Carole Lombard at Virtual History
Carole Lombard at Find a Grave

1908 births
1942 deaths
Actors from Indiana
American movie actors
American radio actors
American stage actors
American television actors
Aviation deaths in the United States
People from Fort Wayne, Indiana
Empire Records

Empire Records is a 1995 teen romantic comedy movie. The subject is a record store in Delaware that tries to remain independent. Liv Tyler, Renée Zellweger and Robin Tunney play store officials. Empire Records got negative reviews from critics. The movie performed very poorly in the box office. The movie was released in September 1995.

1990s romantic comedy movies
1995 movies
English-language movies
American independent movies
June Lockhart

June Lockhart (born June 25, 1925) is an American actress. She acts primarily on television programs. She worked mostly in the 1950s and 1960s. She played Timmy's mother in the long-running Lassie. She appeared later in Lost In Space. She also played Doctor Janet Craig in the sitcom Petticoat Junction. 

American television actors
American stage actors
1925 births
Living people
Jane Withers

Jane Withers (April 12, 1926 – August 7, 2021) was an American child actress. She played Josephine the Plumber in Comet Cleaner ads in the 1960s and 1970s. She acted primarily in movies. She also acted on television. Withers was born in Atlanta, Georgia.

Withers died on August 7, 2021 in Burbank, California at the age of 95.

References

Other websites

Biographical information and vintage photographs of Jane Withers

American television actors
American movie actors
American child actors
1926 births
2021 deaths
Actors from Atlanta, Georgia
John Dingell

John David "Johnny" Dingell, Jr. (July 8, 1926 – February 7, 2019) was an American politician. He served in the United States House of Representatives from December 13, 1955 to January 3, 2015. He is the longest-serving member of Congress. He was the longest ever to serve exclusively in the House.

Dingell was born on July 8, 1926 in Colorado Springs, Colorado. He served in the military during World War II. He is the last member of Congress to have been a veteran of World War II, the other is Ralph Hall. Hall also left Congress in 2015. He studied at Georgetown University. Dingell and his wife, Deborah, had a son named Christopher.

Dingell announced on February 24, 2014 that he would not seek re-election to a 30th term in Congress. His wife announced to run for his congressional seat and won the election in November 4, 2014. His spouse was the first to replace a spouse in Congress, while the spouse is alive.

He was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2014 by President Barack Obama.

Dingell died of prostate cancer in hospice care in Dearborn, Michigan on February 7, 2019, aged 92.

References

Other websites

John D. Dingell for U.S. Congress official campaign site
CD15  at Michigan Liberal
Dingell's account of his civil rights record 
 Dingell on the Daily Show with Jon Stewart

1926 births
2019 deaths
Deaths from prostate cancer
Cancer deaths in Michigan
Deans of the United States House of Representatives
United States representatives from Michigan
Politicians from Colorado
US Democratic Party politicians
People from Colorado Springs, Colorado
20th-century American politicians
21st-century American politicians
C. Aubrey Smith

Sir Charles Aubrey Smith CBE(July 21, 1863 – December 20, 1948) was an English actor and cricket player. He was known for his roles in The Four Fathers (1939), Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (1941), and in And Then There Were None (1945).

Smith was born on July 21, 1863 in London, England. He studied at the Charterhouse School and at St John's College, Cambridge. Smith was married to Isabella Wood from 1896 until his death in 1948. They had one child. 

Smith died on December 20, 1948 in his home in Beverly Hills, California from pneumonia, aged 85. He was cremated. He was buried at St Leonard's Churchyard in Hove, East Sussex.

References

Other websites

 Stage performances in Theatre Archive University of Bristol
CricketArchive page on C. Aubrey Smith

1863 births
1946 deaths
Deaths from pneumonia
Silent movie actors
English movie actors
English stage actors
English radio actors
English cricketers
Actors from London
Millennium Force

Millennium Force is a steel giga roller coaster built by Intamin at Cedar Point in Sandusky, Ohio, United States. When it opened on May 13, 2000, it was the world's first giga roller coaster at 310 feet tall. It was also the world's tallest and fastest roller coaster for a short time until Steel Dragon 2000 opened later that year. It is also the second longest roller coaster in North America after The Beast at Kings Island.

References

Other websites
 Official Millennium Force page
 
 Millennium Force  at The Point Online
 Millennium Force at Coaster-Net
 Roller Coaster Philosophy review of Millennium Force
 Millennium Force Detailed Review
 Construction video

Roller coasters by name
Roller coasters in Ohio
2000 establishments in the United States
Marjorie Lord

Marjorie Lord (born 26 July 1918) is an American actress. She acts mostly in television programs. She acted with Danny Thomas in Make Room for Daddy. She is the mother of actress Anne Archer. Lord was born in San Francisco, California.

American television actors
American movie actors
American stage actors
Actors from San Francisco
1918 births
Living people
Carol Alt

Carol Ann Alt (born December 1, 1960) is an American model and actress. She first became famous around 1983. She did commercials for Diet Pepsi, Hanes, General Motors and many more. She was also on a lot of magazine covers. Alt was born in New York City.

References 

American television actors
Models from New York City
Actors from New York City
1960 births
Living people
Susanne Lothar

Susanne Lothar (15 November 1960 - 21 July 2012) was a German actress. She was born in Hamburg to actors Ingrid Andree and Hanns Lothar. She acted mostly in independent movies. She was in The White Ribbon and The Piano Teacher. She also performed on stage. She died in Berlin in July 2012.

Other websites 

1960 births
2012 deaths
German movie actors
German stage actors
German television actors
Actors from Hamburg
Sora (Kingdom Hearts)

Sora is the main character of the Kingdom Hearts video game series.

He is a teenager from Destiny Islands. He is best friends with both Riku and Kairi since his early childhood. He fights with a weapon called a keyblade and fights alongside Donald Duck and Goofy in the Kingdom Hearts games. They travel to different Disney worlds to protect the people living there from villains.

He was featured at #5 on Famitsu's "fifth most popular character of all time". He was also ranked at #19 on UGO Networks list of "Top 25 Japanese RPG Characters". He is voiced by Haley Joel Osment in the English version of the game and by Miyu Irino in the Japanese version.

References

Other websites
Sora  on IGN

Fictional characters introduced in 2002
Kingdom Hearts characters
Superheroes
Video game characters
Nintendo World Store

The Nintendo World Store is a specialty store that sells Nintendo video games and merchandise. It is located at 10 Rockefeller Center in New York City. It is owned by Nintendo. It opened on May 14, 2005, replacing the Pokémon Center that was there before.

The store is a two-story building. The first floor has Wii U, Nintendo 3DS, and Pokémon Black 2 and White 2 sections. The second floor has a section with Wii consoles available for anyone to play. In addition, there are also Nintendo 3DS consoles available to play in the store. Some of the things that are sold there are exclusive to the store, meaning that they can only be bought there.

The store holds special tournaments and shows for new games. Early copies of the game and prizes are given out to the winners.

References

Other websites

Official website

Buildings and structures in Manhattan
Nintendo
2005 establishments in New York (state)
Fran Warren

Frances Wolfe (better known as Fran Warren; 4 March 1926 – 4 March 2013) was an American actress and singer. She had several hit songs. She acted in a few movies. She was born in and died near New York City.

American movie actors
Singers from New York City
1926 births
2013 deaths
Actors from New York City
Carriel Sur International Airport

The Carriel Sur International Airport (, ) is an international airport near Concepción, Chile. It is 8 km from downtown. The airport was opened on January 3, 1968. This is second largest airport in Chile after Comodoro Arturo Merino Benítez International Airport. This airport is operated by Sociedad Concesionaria Aerosur S.A.. The airport has flights to Santiago de Chile, Puerto Montt, Temuco and Pucón.

Other websites 

Carriel Sur's official website  

1968 establishments
Airports in South America
Buildings and structures in Chile
20th-century establishments in Chile
Next to Me (song)

"Next to Me" is a 2012 romantic single from Emeli Sandé. The song is about timing, romance and being close to somebody. This single hit #1 in Europe. It was a moderate success in the United States during 2012.

2012 songs
Pop songs
Back to December

"Back to December" is a song written and recorded by American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift. The song was produced by Nathan Chapman and Swift. It is from her third studio album, Speak Now (2010).

The song was released in the United States on November 14, 2010. It was the second single from Speak Now. According to Swift, "Back to December" is the first time she ever apologizes to someone in a song. The song is about breakup and wanting to go back to former times. Its lyrics are a remorseful plea for forgiveness for breaking up with a former lover. This single got very high reviews from the critics. It was a hit in the United States in 2010. It peaked at #3 on the Billboard Hot Country Songs chart and at #6 on the Hot 100 chart.

References

Other websites
"Back To December" on YouTube

2010 songs
Taylor Swift songs
Fifteen (song)

"Fifteen" is a song written and recorded by American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift. The song was produced by Nathan Chapman and Swift. The song is about heartbreak at age 15, being sad and coping with it. This single was a moderate hit in the United States. The release date was September 2009.

2009 songs
Taylor Swift songs
Rebecca Hall

Rebecca Maria Hall (born 3 May 1982) is an English actress. She acts in both movies and television shows. Her movies are the independent type. She was born near London, England. Her father is stage director Peter Hall.

References

Other websites
 
 

English television actors
English movie actors
1982 births
Living people
Actors from London
BAFTA Award winning actors
English child actors
English stage actors
Margaret Leighton

Margaret Leighton (26 February 1922-13 January 1976) was an English actress. She acted in many television shows and movies all across western Europe and North America. Leighton was born in England. She died from multiple sclerosis.

English television actors
English movie actors
Deaths from multiple sclerosis
1922 births
1976 deaths
Thalassaemia

Thalassaemia (or thalassemia) is a genetic disorder of the blood which originated in the Mediterranean region. 

This disease is caused by the weakening and destruction of red blood cells. This is caused by mutant genes which affect how the body makes haemoglobin. Haemoglobin is the protein in red blood cells which carries oxygen. People with thalassaemia make less haemoglobin and fewer circulating red blood cells than normal, which results in mild or severe anemia.

Thalassaemia can cause significant complications, including pneumonia, iron overload, bone deformities and cardiovascular illness. However, this inherited disease of red blood cells gives a degree of protection against malaria, which is or was common in the regions where the trait is common.  This selective survival advantage for carriers (known as heterozygous advantage) is responsible for keeping the mutation in populations way above its mutation rate. Carriers are heterozygous for the thalassaemia allele, meaning only one of their two alleles is mutant (abnormal). There are a number of different versions of thalassaemia. Each one is caused by a mutation in a different position in the genome.

In that respect, thalassaemia resembles another genetic disorder affecting haemoglobin, sickle-cell disease.

It is possible to cure patients with thalassaemia with bone marrow transplants from compatible donors. However, this method requires an HLA-matched compatible donor.

References 

Genetic disorders
Blood
Prima Donna (song)

"Prima Donna" is a 2010 song from Christina Aguilera. It is about empowerment of women. The single was released in June 2010. It received positive reviews from critics.

2010 songs
Pop songs
Cepheid variable

Cepheids are a type of very luminous variable stars. There is a strong direct relationship between a Cepheid's luminosity and its pulsation period. This makes Cepheids important standard candles for the galactic and extragalactic distance scales.

Cepheid variables are divided into several subclasses which exhibit clearly different masses, ages, and evolutionary histories: 
Classical Cepheids
Type II Cepheids
Anomalous Cepheids
Dwarf Cepheids  

The first cepheid known was Delta Cephei in the constellation Cepheus, found by John Goodricke in 1784. Delta Cephei is of great importance because its distance is extremely well known, thanks in part to it being in a star cluster,<ref
name=dezeeuw1999>de Zeeuw P.T. et al 1999. A HIPPARCOS census of the nearby OB associations, AJ</ref> and the precise Hubble Space Telescope/Hipparcos parallaxes.

Classes

Classical Cepheids
Classical Cepheids (also known as Population I Cepheids, Type I Cepheids, or Delta Cephei variables) pulsate with very regular periods of the order of days to months.  Classical Cepheids are population I young variable stars which are 4–20 times more massive than the Sun, and up to 100,000 times more luminous. Cepheids are yellow supergiants of spectral class F6 – K2. When they pulsate, their radii change by ~25%. For the longer-period I Carinae this means millions of kilometers for a pulsation cycle.

Type II Cepheids
Type II Cepheids (also termed Population II Cepheids) are population II variable stars which pulsate with periods between 1 and 50 days. Type II Cepheids are typically metal-poor, old (~10 giga years), low mass objects (~half the mass of the Sun). Type II Cepheids are divided into several subgroups by period.

Type II Cepheids are used to fix the distance to the galactic center of the Milky Way, globular clusters, and galaxies.

Anomalous Cepheids 
A group of pulsating stars on the instability strip have periods of less than 2 days, similar to RR Lyrae variables but with higher luminosities. Anomalous Cepheid variables have masses higher than type II Cepheids, RR Lyrae variables, and our Sun. It is unclear whether they are young stars on a "turned-back" horizontal branch, blue stragglers formed through mass transfer in binary systems, or a mix of both.

Double-mode Cepheids 
A small proportion of Cepheid variables have been observed to pulsate in two modes at the same time, usually the fundamental and first overtone, occasionally the second overtone. A very small number pulsate in three modes, or an unusual combination of modes including higher overtones.

References 

Variable stars
GloFish

Glofish are fish which glow in the dark. They glow because scientists changed their DNA to make them fluorescent. The seahorse and the zebra fish are two types of fish that have been used to make GloFish.

Ray-finned fish
Genetic engineering
Lazarus Saturday

Lazarus Saturday is the day before Palm Sunday in the Orthodox Church. It celebrates the raising of Lazarus from the dead by Jesus (Gospel of John chapter 11). It is the start of Holy Week.

Other websites
Goarch.org

Christian holidays
Joe Weider

Josef Edwin "Joe" Weider (November 29, 1919 – March 23, 2013) was a Canadian-American bodybuilder, trainer, businessman, and television personality. He was the founder of Mr. Olympia.

Weider was born on November 29, 1919 in Montreal, Quebec, Canada to a Polish-Jewish family. He was raised in Los Angeles, California. His brother was Ben Weider. Weider was married to Betty Brosmer from 1961 until his death in 2013. They had no children. Weider died on March 23, 2013 from heart failure in Los Angeles, California, aged 93.

References

Other websites

Joe Weider: His Fitness Legacy  Article on Weider at Homegymsonline.com
"Joe Weider True Story" by bodybuilding champion Leroy Colbert
Weider biographical sketch at IFBB website 

1919 births
2013 deaths
American television personalities
Businesspeople from Los Angeles
Bodybuilders
Deaths from heart failure
Naturalized citizens of the United States
Sportspeople from Montreal
George Pullman

George Mortimer Pullman (March 3, 1831 – October 19, 1897) was an American engineer and businessman. At the time of his death, he bequeathed 1.2 million dollars for a free school of manual training in the town of Pullman.

Pullman invented the Pullman sleeping car. He founded a company town, Pullman. He did all of his business in Chicago. He was supported by President Grover Cleveland during the Pullman Strike in Chicago.

Pullman was born on March 3, 1831 in Brocton, New York. He was raised in Albion, New York. Pullman was married to Hattie Amelia Sanger from 1867 until his death in 1897. They had four children. Pullman died on October 19, 1897 in Chicago, Illinois from a heart attack, aged 66. He was buried at Graceland Cemetery.

References

Other websites

George M. Pullman Educational Foundation
PBS: Chicago 
Pullman House in Colorado 
1910 Steel Pullman Business Car
Chicago Historical Society 

1831 births
1897 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Burials at Graceland Cemetery
Engineers from New York
Chief executives
Businesspeople from Chicago
Businesspeople from New York
Compound fruit

The term compound fruit is sometimes used when it is not clear which of several fruit types a fruit belongs to. A compound fruit is "composed of two or more similar parts".

A compound fruit may be:
 An aggregate fruit, in which one flower contains several separate ovaries, which grow together during development.
 A multiple fruit, in which several flowers, each with an ovary, develop into small fruits that grow together into a larger fruit.
 A simple fruit formed from a compound ovary.

Grapes grow in clusters, but are not compound fruits. Each grape is grown from one ovary in one flower, and they are not attached to one another.

References

Fruits
Boeing 80

The Boeing 80, sometimes called the Boeing Model 80 or just the Model 80, was an American airliner. It was a biplane with three engines. The Boeing 80 was built by the Boeing Airplane Company. It could carry mail and passengers.

Development and design
Boeing Air Transport was started on February 17, 1927 by William Boeing. On July 1, 1927, planes from Boeing Air Transport started flying mail from San Francisco to Chicago. At first, the Boeing Model 40A was used for this.

Boeing decided to make a plane to carry passengers. In 1928 it designed the Model 80. The Boeing 80 could carry 12 people. The pilots sat in a cockpit in front of the passengers.

The first Boeing 80 took off on July 27, 1928. Three more Boeing 80s were made before Boeing started to make the Boeing 80A. The Boeing 80A was longer and it could carry 18 people. It also had better engines. It first took off on July 18, 1929.

History
The Boeing 80 first flew for Boeing Air Transport on September 20, 1928. It soon turned out to be successful. The Boeing 80A started being used in September 1929.

In May 1930, Boeing Air Transport hired eight female flight attendants. They first flew on May 15. The Boeing 80 and 80A were used until the Boeing 247 replaced them in 1934.

Different types of Boeing 80
 Model 80 - first type of Boeing 80 (four of these were made)
 Model 80A - more aerodynamic and had new engines (10 of these were made)

Users

Boeing Air Transport
Monterey Peninsula Airways
Morrison-Knudsen Company
Robert Campbell Reeve
Standard Oil, California
United Airlines

Boeing 80s which still exist
One Boeing 80A was found in a dump at Anchorage Airport in 1960. It was fixed up and it is now in the Museum of Flight in Seattle.

Details (Model 80A)

References
Notes

Bibliography

 Bowers, Peter M. Boeing Aircraft since 1916. London: Putnam, 1989. .
 Davies, Ed. "Boeing's Airline: The Life and Times of Boeing Air Transport, Part One". Air Enthusiast, No. 127, January/February 2007, pp. 64–74. Stamford, UK:Key Publishing.
 Davies, Ed. "Boeing's Airline: The Life and Times of Boeing Air Transport, Part Two". Air Enthusiast, No. 128, March/April 2007. Stamford, UK: Key Publishing. pp. 62–73.
 Taylor, H.A. "When Boeing Flew the Mails". Air Enthusiast, Twenty-two, August–November 1983, pp. 64–74. Bromley, UK: Pilot Press.

Other websites
 "Night Flyers At 10,000 Feet Hurdle The Rockies", Popular Science, August 1931, about the Boeing 80
 "How Many Parts Has The Modern Airplane", Popular Mechanics, January 1932, article about making a Boeing 80

080, Boeing
Boeing Monomail

The Boeing Model 200 Monomail was an American mail plane. It was built in the 1930s by Boeing. It flew for the first time on 6 May 1930.

The Boeing Monomail was a monoplane instead of a biplane. The wing was strong and did not need bracing. Its wheels could be retracted. Only one plane was made for the US Army to look at.  The plane eventually began to fly main from San Francisco to Chicago.

Another version was made, the Model 221. It was made longer by 8 inches. This meant it could carry passengers, but less cargo. This version first flew on 18 August 1930. 

There were no good engines for the Boeing Monomail to use. By the time good engines could be used, new planes had been made which were better than the Monomail. One of these was the Boeing 247.

Types of Boeing Monomail
Model 200
mailplane (one was built)
Model 221
mailplane which could carry six passengers (one was built)
Model 221A
Model 200 and 221 changed into airliners

Users

Boeing Air Transport
United Air Lines

Details (Model 221)

References
Boeing History - Boeing Monomail Transport Retrieved June 17, 2006.

Other websites
 Fiddlergreen.net: Monomail
 Colorado Wreck Chasing: Glendo Crash Site

Monomail
Giora Feidman

Giora Feidman (born March 26, 1936) is an Israeli clarinetist. He plays klezmer music.

Biography 
Giora Feidman was born in Buenos Aires, Argentina. His Bessarabian Jewish parents immigrated there to escape persecution. Feidman's family are klezmer musicians. His father, grandfather and great-grandfather made music for weddings, Bar Mitzvahs, and holiday celebrations in the shtetls (villages) of Eastern Europe. Feidman married Ora Bat-Chaim in 1975. She was his personal manager.

Music career 

Feidman started his career in Buenos Aires, where he was a member of the Teatro Colón Symphony Orchestra. Two years later he immigrated to Israel. He became the youngest clarinetist ever to play with the Israel Philharmonic Orchestra. He was a member of the orchestra for over 20 years. In the early 1970s he started a solo career. He has performed with the Berliner Symphoniker, the Kronos Quartet, the Polish Chamber Philarmonic, the Munich Chamber Philarmonic Orchestra, and the Munich Radio Orchestra.

Feidman started the "Clarinet and Klezmer in the Galilee" seminar and master class program, which takes place every year in Safed, Israel.

Discography 
 Jewish Soul Music (1973)
 The Singing Clarinet (1987)
 Clarinetango (1990)
 The Magic of the Klezmer (1990)
 Viva el Klezmer (1991)
 Gerschwin & The Klezmer (1991)
 The Dance of Joy (1992)
 Klassic Klezmer (1993)
 Concert for the Klezmer (1993)
 Der Rattenfanger (1993)
 Feidman in Jerusalem (1994)
 Klezmer Chamber Music (1995)
 The Soul Chai (1995)
 The Incredible Clarinet (1995)
 For You (1996)
 Schelomo/Barakashot (1996)
 Silence and Beyond — Feidman plays Ora Bat Chaim (1997)
 Feidman in Bayreuth — Lilith — Neun Gesänge der dunklen Liebe (1997)
 Soul Meditation, Harmony of Soul (1997)
 Der Golem — Feidman and the Arditti String Quartet (1997)
 Klezmer Celebration (1997)
 Feidman and Israel Camerata (1998)
 Feidman and Katja Beer — Schubert (1998)
 Journey (1999)
 And the Angels Sing (1999)
 Klezmer and More (2000)
 Rhapsody (2000)
 To Giora Feidman — Your Kletzmer Friends (2000)
 TangoKlezmer (2001)
 Dancing in the Field (2002)
 Feidman plays Piazzolla (2002)
 Love — Feidman plays Ora Bat Chaim (2003)
 Feidman Plays Mozart and More (2003)
 Safad — Feidman and The Safed Chamber Orchestra (2004)
 Ewigkeit dringt in die Zeit (2004)
 Wenn du singst, wie kannst du hassen? (2005)
 Feidman and Eisenberg — Live at St. Severin (2005)
 Crossing Borders (2006)
 Klezmundo (2006)
 Klezmer in the Galilee (2007)
 The Spirit of Klezmer (2008)
 Klezmer & Strings (2009)
 Very Klezmer (2012)

Films 
 Jewish Soul Music: The Art of Giora Feidman (1980), directed by Uri Barbash.

Related pages
 Music of Israel

References

Other websites 
 Giora Feidman official site
 Biography at Buffet Crampon's website 
 Interview with Giora Feidman, 2008

1936 births
Living people
Argentine Jews
Argentine musicians
Clarinetists
Jewish Israeli musicians
Naturalized citizens of Israel
People from Buenos Aires
Louis Jourdan

Louis Jourdan (Louis Robert Gendre, June 19, 1921 – February 14, 2015) was a French retired actor. He appeared in The Paradine Case (1947), Gigi (1958), The Best of Everything (1959) and Octopussy (1983). His final movie before his retirement was The Year Of The Comet in 1992.

Jourdan was born on June 19, 1921 in Marseille, France. He studied at the École Dramatique. Jourdan was married to Berthe Frédérique from 1946 until her death in 2014. They had a son, Louis Jourdan, Jr.. Jourdan, Jr. died of a drug overdose aged 29 in 1981. 

Jourdan died in Beverly Hills, California at the age of 93.

References

Other websites 

1921 births
2015 deaths
Actors from Marseille
Actors who played Bond villains
French movie actors
French musical entertainers 
French stage actors
French television actors
French voice actors
Norman Lloyd

Norman Nathan Lloyd (November 8, 1914 – May 11, 2021) was an American actor, producer, and director. He is known for his television role as Dr. Daniel Auschlander in St. Elsewhere. His career lasted for more than ninety years. He made a guest appearance on Modern Family in 2010.

Early life
Lloyd was born on November 8, 1914 in Jersey City, New Jersey. He studied to become an actor at the Civic Repertory Theatre in New York City.

Career
Lloyd came to Hollywood to play a Nazi spy in Alfred Hitchcock's Saboteur (1942). Je started a long friendship and professional career with Hitchcock.

Later career
After a few more villainous movie roles, Lloyd also worked behind the camera as an assistant on Lewis Milestone's Arch of Triumph (1948). A friend of John Garfield, Lloyd appeared with him in He Ran All the Way. Garfield's last movie before the Hollywood blacklist ended his movie career.

Personal life
Lloyd was married to Peggy Craven from 1936 until her death in 2011. They had two children. Lloyd died on May 11, 2021 at his home in Los Angeles, California at the age of 106.

References

Other websites

BN bio 
The Man Who Fell Off The Statue of Liberty: An Interview with Norman Lloyd (TCM's Movie Morlocks) 

1914 births
2021 deaths
Actors from New Jersey
American movie actors
American radio actors
American stage actors
American television actors
American voice actors
American centenarians
Entertainers from Jersey City, New Jersey
Movie directors from New Jersey
Movie producers from New Jersey
Gill Pinnacle

Gill Pinnacle (or Gill's Pinnacle) is an inselberg in the far east of Western Australia, on the Ngaanyatjarra Lands. It is  part of the Petermann Ranges. It consists of a dome-shaped hill, surrounded by dense shrub; its top is bare rock. The hill has been useful as a landmark, because it marks the location of one of the area's most reliable freshwater rockholes, Gordon's Springs. This is a few hundred meters to the north of the rock. The area is called  (also spelled  or ) in Pitjantjatjara and Ngaanyatjarra.

The first Europeans to visit the area were the explorers Ernest Giles and W. H. Tietkens, in 1874. They saw the rock from Weld Pass, which is further to the west. Giles named the rock after his brother-in-law. He named the waterhole, Gordon's Springs, after his nephew.

The closest town to Gill's Pinnacle is Kaltukatjara, Northern Territory, which is about  to the east.

References

Other websites
Gill's Pinnacle on Bonzle Digital Atlas

Mountains of Australia
Geography of Western Australia
Peter Sallis

Peter John Sallis  (1 February 1921 – 2 June 2017) was a English actor, known for his roles as Norman Clegg in Last of the Summer Wine from its 1973 inception until its final episode in 2010, making him the only actor to appear in all 295 episodes. He also voiced Wallace in Wallace and Gromit. He won an Annie Award in 2005.

Sallis was born on 1 February 1921 in Twickenham, Middlesex, England. He studied at the Minchenden Grammar School in North London. Sallis married Elaine Usher in 1957. They had a son, Crispian. Sallis has had a disease called macular degeneration since 2005.

Sallis died at the Denville Hall nursing home in Northwood, London, on 2 June 2017, aged 96.

References

Other websites
 

1921 births
2017 deaths
Actors from Middlesex
Annie Award winners
Disease-related deaths in London
English movie actors
English stage actors
English television actors
English voice actors
Officers of the Order of the British Empire
Clifton James

George Clifton James (May 29, 1920 – April 15, 2017) was a retired American actor. He is best known for his role as Sheriff J.W. Pepper in the James Bond movies such as Live and Let Die (1973) and in The Man With The Golden Gun (1974).

James was born on May 29, 1920 in Spokane, Washington. He married Laurie Harper in 1951. Harper died in 2015. They had six children.

James died from complications of diabetes at his home in Gladstone, Oregon on April 15, 2017, age 96.

References

Other websites
 
 
 Clifton James at the University of Wisconsin's Actors Studio audio collection 
 Clips from Texas episodes

1921 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from diabetes
Disease-related deaths in Oregon
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American voice actors
Actors from Washington
Actors who played in James Bond movies
People from Spokane, Washington
William Schallert

William Joseph Schallert (July 6, 1922 – May 8, 2016) was an American actor. He played the father on The Patty Duke Show. He is also known for his guest-star roles in The Smurfs, Jefferson Drum, Gunsmoke, Star Trek, Get Smart, Lawman, Matlock, The Waltons, Bonanza, and in Star Trek: Deep Space Nine.

Schallert was born on July 6, 1922 in Los Angeles, California. He married Rosemarie D. Waggner in 1949. Schallert was the president of the Screen Actors Guild from 1979 through 1981. He died at his home in Pacific Palisades, California from complications from peripheral neuropathy on May 8, 2016, aged 93.

References

Other websites

William Schallert Interview at Elvis2001.net 
Hollywood Everyman: A Conversation with William Schallert  2010 Interview with William Schallert

1922 births
2016 deaths
Deaths from peripheral neuropathy
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American voice actors
Presidents of the Screen Actors Guild
Actors from Los Angeles
The Lincoln Lawyer

The Lincoln Lawyer is a 2011 American crime drama movie. The story is about a Los Angeles lawyer doing business in his luxury car. Matthew McConaughey, Marisa Tomei and Frances Fisher act. The movie was released in March 2011. The reviews were very positive. The box office intake was almost $86 million.

2011 crime movies
2011 drama movies
2010s crime drama movies
2010s legal movies
American crime drama movies
American legal movies
English-language movies
Movies about murderers
Movies set in Los Angeles
Lionsgate movies
Peter Vaughan

Peter Vaughan (Peter Ewart Ohm; 4 April 1923 – 6 December 2016) was an English actor. He was known for his role as Charles Johnson in Citizen Smith and recently as Maester Aemon in Game of Thrones.

Vaughan was born on 4 April 1923 in Wem, Shropshire, England. He was married to Billie Whitelaw from 1952 until they divorced in 1966. He was married to Lillias Walker until his death in 2016. Vaughan died in Mannings Heath, Sussex from epilepsy on 6 December 2016, aged 93.

References

Other websites
 http://www.spectator.co.uk/the-magazine/features/313826/there-are-unfortunately-a-lot-of-us-old-guys-around.thtml 

1923 births
2016 deaths
Deaths from epilepsy
British military personnel of World War II
English movie actors
English stage actors
English television actors
English voice actors
Entertainers from Shropshire
James Karen

James Karen (born James Karnofsky; November 28, 1923 – October 23, 2018) was an American actor. He was known for his roles as Martin Frohm in The Pursuit of Happyness and as Ben Hubbard in Superman Returns. He also starred in Poltergeist and The Return of the Living Dead.

Karen was born on November 28, 1923 in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania to a Russian-Jewish family. He studied at Neighborhood Playhouse School of the Theatre. Karen was married to Susan Reed from 1958 until they divorced in 1967. They had one child. He married Alba Francesca in 1986.  

Karen died on October 23, 2018 in Los Angeles at the age of 94. The cause was cardiopulmonary arrest.

References

Other websites
 
 Great Character Actors / James Karen 
Pathmark TV commercial with James Karen (YouTube)

1923 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from cardiopulmonary arrest
Disease-related deaths in Los Angeles
Jewish American actors
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
American stage actors
Actors from Pennsylvania
People from Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania
Theodore Bikel

Theodore Meir Bikel (May 2, 1924 – July 21, 2015) was an Austrian-American actor, singer, and musician. He was nominated for an Academy Award as Sheriff Max Muller in The Defiant Ones in 1958.

Early life
Bikel was born in Vienna, Austria on May 2, 1924. He studied at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art in London. He moved to the United States in 1954. He became a U.S. citizen in 1961.

Personal life
Bikel was married to Ofra Ichilov from 1942 until they divorced in 1943. Then he was married to Rita Weinberg Call from 1967 until they divorced in 2008. He was married to Tamara Brooks from 2008 until her death in 2012. He had two children with Call.

Bikel died on July 21, 2015, at Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center in Los Angeles of natural causes, aged 91.

References

Other websites
 
 
 Theodore Bikel Official website
 Discography at SonyBMG Masterworks 
 Theodore Bikel at the Internet Accuracy Project

1924 births
2015 deaths
Actors from Vienna
American folk musicians
American movie actors
American folk singers
American stage actors
American television actors
American voice actors
Austrian movie actors
Austrian singers
Austrian stage actors
Austrian television actors
Austrian voice actors
Folk singers
Musicians from Vienna
Naturalized citizens of the United States
Jimmy Gardner

Edward Charles James Gardner, DFM (August 24, 1924 – May 3, 2010) was an English actor. He played Ernie Prang in Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban (2004).

Gardner was born on August 24, 1924 in Newmarket, Suffolk, England. Gardner died on May 3, 2010 in London, England from pneumonia, aged 85.

References

Other websites

1924 births
2010 deaths
Actors from Suffolk
Deaths from pneumonia
English movie actors
English stage actors
English television actors
English voice actors
Infectious disease deaths in England
George Cole

George Edward Cole, OBE (22 April 1925 - 5 August 2015) was an English actor. He is known for his roles as Arthur Daley in Minder and as Flash Harry in the early versions of the St Trinian's movies. He also played Peter Banks in the sitcom My Good Friend.

Cole was born on April 22, 1925 in Tooting, South London, England. He was adopted when he was a baby. He was married to Eileen Moore from 1954 until they divorced in 1962. He married Penny Morrell in 1964. Cole died of an illness at Royal Berkshire Hospital, in Reading, Berkshire on 5 August 2015.

Other websites
 
 www.britmovie.co.uk - George Cole 

1925 births
2015 deaths
Actors from London
British adoptees
Disease-related deaths in Berkshire
English movie actors
English stage actors
English television actors
English voice actors
Tooting
Kazuo Ishiguro

Sir Kazuo Ishiguro OBE (born 8 November 1954) is a British novelist of Japanese origin. He won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 2017. He was born in Nagasaki, Japan; his family moved to England in 1960 when he was five.

His novels include An Artist of the Floating World (1986), When We Were Orphans (2000), and Never Let Me Go (2005). He won the Booker Prize for his 1989 novel The Remains of the Day. The Remains of the Day was later adapted as a movie. The movie came out in 1993. It starred Anthony Hopkins and Emma Thompson. It was nominated for eight Academy Awards. He was knighted in 2018.

Novels 
 A Pale View of Hills (1982)
 An Artist of the Floating World (1986)
 The Remains of the Day (1989)
 The Unconsoled (1995)
 When We Were Orphans (2000)
 Never Let Me Go (2005)
 Nocturnes:Five Stories of Music and Nightfall (2009)
 The Buried Giant (2015)

References 

1954 births
Living people
Booker Prize winners
British Nobel Prize winners
British novelists
Japanese novelists
Officers of the Order of the British Empire
Japanese Nobel Prize winners
Knights Bachelor
Love Story (song)

"Love Story" is a 2008 song written and recorded by American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift. The song was produced by Nathan Chapman and Swift.The story of the single is about a boy who is in love with a girl, resulting in a Romeo and Juliet type romance. The song received positive reviews from the critics. It sold millions of digital downloads and compact discs. The single was released in Autumn of 2008 in the United States.

2008 songs
Pop songs
Toe ring

Toe rings are rings worn on toes, in particular the second toe. They are worn on either foot, often with barefoot sandals, bare feet or anklets. They are usually made for females, although males sometimes wear the rings.

Jewelry
Feet
Giant star

A giant star is a star with much larger radius and luminosity than a main-sequence star of the same surface temperature.

Giant stars are up to a few hundred times the diameter of the Sun and between 10 and a few thousand times brighter than the Sun. They don't last as long as most main sequence stars. Stars still more luminous than giants are referred to as supergiants and hypergiants.

A hot, luminous main-sequence star may also be referred to as a giant.

There are a wide range of giant class stars, and sub-divisions are often used to identify particular types. Astronomers use such terms as: sub-giants, bright giants, red giants, yellow giants and blue giants.

References 

Types of stars
Aggregate fruit

An aggregate fruit is a fruit that develops from a single flower, but the flower has more than one ovary, and the ovaries join together as the fruit grows.

A fruit that grows from just one flower that contains just one ovary, is not an aggregate fruit but a simple fruit.

Not all flowers with multiple ovaries grow into aggregate fruit; the ovaries of some flowers do not become tightly joined together to make a larger fruit.
 
Aggregate fruits may also be accessory fruits. In accessory fruits, parts of the flower that are not the ovary become juicy and form part of the fruit.

Aggregate fruits include:
 Raspberry 
 Blackberry
 Strawberry is an aggregate fruit and is also an accessory fruit. The small dark-coloured dots on a strawberry are the ovaries. The juicy part of the strawberry grows from the base of the flower.

Related pages
Multiple fruit

References

Fruits