cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Backlash (2005)

Backlash (2005) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view event produced by World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE). It was held on May 1, 2005 at the Verizon Wireless Arena in Manchester, New Hampshire. It was the seventh annual Backlash PPV.

Results

Other websites 
Backlash Official Website
Official Backlash PPV History

2005 in professional wrestling
Manchester, New Hampshire
WWE Backlash
2005 in the United States
History of New Hampshire
May 2005 events
Lepidosauria

The Lepidosauria (Greek for scaled lizards) are reptiles with overlapping scales. They include the tuataras, lizards, snakes and amphisbaenians.

Lepidosauria is a superorder of Sauropsida. It includes the orders : 
  Squamata
  Sphenodontia / Rhynchocephalia

Scaled reptiles
Backlash (2003)

Backlash (2003) was a professional wrestling pay-per-view event produced by World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE). It was held on April 27, 2003 at the Worcester Centrum in Worcester, Massachusetts. It was the fifth annual Backlash PPV. The pay-per-view had a 0.67 buyrate and sold 10,000 tickets.

Results

Other websites 
Backlash Official Website
Official Backlash PPV History

2003 in professional wrestling
Worcester, Massachusetts
WWE Backlash
2003 in the United States
2000s in Massachusetts
Casineria

Casineria was a tetrapod which lived 340 million years ago (mya) in the Mississippian. It was a small animal, length about 15 centimeters. 

It lived in what was then a fairly dry environment in what is now Scotland. It had a mosaic of 'basal' (= primitive) amphibian and 'derived' (= advanced) amniote characters. 

Casineria was at or very near the origin of the amniotes. It may have been one of the very first true amniotes. The only fossil lacks key elements: most of the skull and the whole lower body is missing. This makes exact analysis difficult.

Casineria was an insectivore. This earliest amniote had five fingers with claws on each hand, and marks the earliest known clawed foot. 

Its name, Casineria, is a latin version of Cheese Bay, the site near Edinburgh, where it was found.

Discovery
In 1992, an amateur fossil collector spotted the remains of this four-legged creature on the shore of Cheese Bay, Scotland. For the next five years, the fossil waited at the National Museum of Scotland in Edinburgh while researchers focused on other projects. In 1997, work began to expose the remainder of the fossil from the surrounding matrix of stone. 

The work revealed that the animal probably lived in an environment much drier than previously understood. The findings were first reported in 1999.

Phylogenetic relationship
Casineria shows features that ties it in with early tetrapods, notably a generally gracile (slim) build with light leg-bones, unfused ankles and toes ending in claws. This would enable the animal to use their feet actively in traction, rather than as holdfasts. This indicates a mainly terrestrial lifestyle. These traits shows it was closely related to amniotes.

With its advanced features, Casineria may have been one of the very first true amniotes, that is, egg-layers before the split between Synapsids and Sauropsids. Casineria pushes back the origin of amniote lineages much further than was previously realized.

Casineria and its relatives were perhaps the first vertebrates to live and reproduce on land.

References 

Stem tetrapods
Protoclepsydrops

Protoclepsydrops was an early amniote from about 314 million years ago. Its remains were found at the Joggins Fossil Cliffs World Heritage Site. The dating of this site has been debated, with dates from 320 million years ago (mya)  to 305 mya being suggested.p39 It is now settled as 314.5–313.4 mya +/- 1.1 million years.p40

The skeletal remains of Protoclepsydrops suggest it may have been a synapsid. If so, it is the oldest synapsid known, though its status is unconfirmed because its remains were fragmentary. Protoclepsydrops lived slightly earlier than Archaeothyris, which was definitely a synapsid. Like Archaeothyris, Protoclepsydrops had a body shape which resembled modern lizards.

References 

Stem tetrapods
Paleothyris

Paleothyris was a small, agile, anapsid reptile which lived in the Pennsylvanian epoch in Nova Scotia (about 312 to 304 million years ago). 

Paleothyris had sharp teeth and large eyes: it was a nocturnal hunter. It was about a foot long. It probably fed on insects and other smaller animals found on the floor of its forest home. 

Paleothyris was an early sauropsid, yet it still had some features that were more labyrinthodont-like than reptile-like. Its skull lacked fenestrae, holes found in the skulls of most reptiles and mammals.

Related pages 
 Pederpes, an early Mississippian tetrapod, 359–345 million years ago (mya).
 Westlothiana, from 350mya, either an early amniote or a sister group to the amniotes
 Casineria, from 340 mya, a basal amniote.
 Protoclepsydrops, from the middle Pennsylvanian, 314 mya, probable earliest synapsid
 Hylonomus, from 312 mya, another early anapsid sauropsid
 Archaeothyris, from 306 mya, an early synapsid
 Petrolacosaurus, from 302 mya, the first diapsid sauropsid

Stem tetrapods
Amy Brenneman

Amy Frederica Brenneman (born June 22, 1964) is an American producer and actor. She is best known for starring in NYPD Blue and Judging Amy. She has also starred in many movies. She was born in Connecticut.

References 

1964 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
Actors from Connecticut
Westlothiana

Westlothiana lizziae is an early tetrapod. It is a transitional fossil, with a mixture of amphibian and early amniote characters.282 Its body shape had a superficial resemblance to modern-day lizards. It lived during the Carboniferous period, about 350 million years ago. 

The type specimen was discovered in East Kirkton Quarry, Bathgate, Scotland, in 1984. It was named after the County of West Lothian where it was found.

Westlothiania in life 
This species probably lived near a freshwater lake, probably hunting for other small creatures that lived in the same habitat. It was a slender animal, with rather small legs and a long tail. 

Together with Casineria, another transitional fossil found in Scotland, it is one of the smallest terapods known, being a mere 20 cm in adult length. 

The small size has made it a key fossil in the search for the earliest amniote, as amniote eggs are thought to have evolved in very small animals. There are derived (advanced) features which tie it in with the amniotes rather than amphibians. These are: unfused ankle bones, lack of labyrinthodont infolding of the dentine in teeth, a lack of an otic notch and a generally small skull.

The long body and small legs were a possible adaptation to burrowing, similar to that seen in modern skinks.

Phylogeny 
Ideas of how Westlothiana should be classified has varied from basal amniote to an amphibian Lepospondyl. The actual phylogenetic position of Westlothiania is uncertain.

Other websites
Westlothiana lizziae from the Viséan of East Kirkton, West Lothian, Scotland, and the amniote stem

References

Stem tetrapods
Magic Kingdom

Magic Kingdom is one of four theme parks at the Walt Disney World Resort near Orlando, Florida. Magic Kingdom was the first park built at the resort. It opened on October 1, 1971. It was designed and built by WED Enterprises. The park's layout and attractions are similar to Disneyland in Anaheim, California.  In 2009, the park had around 17.2 million visitors, making it the most visited theme park in the world.

The symbol of Magic Kingdom is Cinderella Castle. That castle is based on the castle in the movie Cinderella.

Transportation and Ticket Center
The Transportation and Ticket Center, also called the TTC, is the first place park guests enter after the parking lot. At the TTC, guests can buy tickets to enter the park. After that, they can board either a boat or the Monorail, which will take them to the park. Walt Disney built the resort to have a big lake between the parking lot and the park so guests would have a magical experience watching the park come slowly into view.

Areas
Magic Kingdom is divided into six areas. Most of them are called "lands". The lands are Adventureland, Frontierland, Fantasyland, and Tomorrowland. The other areas are Main Street, U.S.A. and Liberty Square.

Main Street, U.S.A.

Main Sreet, U.S.A. is the first area guests enter after going through the gates. It was built to look like a typical street in the United States. The buildings use forced perspective to make the street look longer than it really is and Cinderella Castle look taller. That means the buildings closer to the viewer are taller than the buildings farther away.

The street is lined with shops and restaurants. The windows of the buildings have the names of people who worked for the Walt Disney Company on them.

Adventureland
Adventureland is themed around exploring unknown lands, like jungles and islands. Rides and shows in this area are the Enchanted Tiki Room (Under New Management), the Jungle Cruise, and Pirates of the Caribbean, among others.

Frontierland

Frontierland is based on the American West in the 1800s, also called the Wild West. Rides and shows in this area include Big Thunder Mountain, Splash Mountain, and the Country Bear Jamboree.

Liberty Square
Liberty Square is based on colonial America around the time of the American Revolution. Rides and shows in this area include the Hall of the Presidents and the Haunted Mansion.

Fantasyland
Fantasyland is based on the magic of fairytales and has rides based on many of Disney's animated films. Rides in this area include It's a Small World, Peter Pan's Flight, and Dumbo.

Tomorrowland
Tomorrowland is based on visions of the future. Rides and shows in this area include Space Mountain, Stitch's Great Escape!, and Walt Disney's Carousel of Progress.

References

Disney - Orlando
1971 establishments in Florida
Theme parks in Florida
Archaeothyris

Archaeothyris was the earliest definite synapsid. It lived in the late Carboniferous period, 306 million years ago. 

It was found in Nova Scotia, at the same locality as Hylonomus, and Petrolacosaurus, which are similar to Archaeothyris, but probably sauropsids. 

Protoclepsydrops is slightly older, but its status as a synapsid is unclear as the remains are more fragmentary.

Systematics
Archaeothyris belonged to a group of early pelycosaurs that evolved early in the Pennsylvanian. It is thus seen as the precursor of all synapsids (which include mammals).

Appearance and lifestyle
Unlike the early sauropsids, Hylonomus and its kin, Archaeothyris was relatively large, measuring  head to tail. It was also more advanced than the early sauropsids (~reptiles), with strong jaws that could open wider than those of the sauropsids. Its sharp teeth were all of the same shape, and it had a pair of enlarged canines, suggesting that it was a carnivore.

Archaeothyris lived in what is now Nova Scotia, about 306 million years ago in the Carboniferous Period (Pennsylvanian). Nova Scotia at this time was a swamp, similar to today's Everglades in Florida. The 'trees' (actually giant clubmosses) were very tall. Some, such as Lepidodendron, were up to  tall. Archaeothyris and the other early amniotes lived on the forest floor.

References

Synapsids
Stem tetrapods
Ray Milland

Ray Milland (3 January 1907 – 10 March 1986) was a Welsh actor and director.

Career 
In the early years he achieved success in films such as Bulldog Drummond Escapes (1937), Hotel Imperial (1939), Beau Geste (1939), and The Major and the Minor (1942) with Ginger Rogers. He was also in Ministry of Fear (1944), by Fritz Lang. In the Billy Wilder film The Lost Weekend (1945), he played the role of Don Birnam, an alcoholic writer. That role earned him an Academy Award as best actor.

In the 1950s he starred in the Alfred Hitchcock film Dial M for Murder (1954).

Another performance was as Oliver Barrett III (1970), in the Arthur Hiller film Love Story (1970), with Ali MacGraw and Ryan O'Neal.

Sci-fi movies 
In early 1960, Ray Milland started much to play evil characters, in horror and sci-fi movies such as Panic in Year Zero! (1962), he also directed. Premature Burial (1962) and X: The Man with the X-Ray Eyes (1963), by Roger Corman, in Frogs (1972), he played a man who is attacked by a plague of mutant frogs, The Thing with Two Heads (1972), he played a doctor who had a head transplant, Terror in the Wax Museum (1973).

Television 
He had a long career in television, including his TV series Meet Mr. McNutley (1953–54), as Ray McNulty, and the Crime TV series Markham (1959–60), as Roy Markham a former lawyer, who works as a detective. 

He was a special guest star in General Electric Theater, Night Gallery, Columbo, Battlestar Galactica, Fantasy Island, The Love Boat, Hart to Hart, and many more.

References

1905 births
1986 deaths
Academy Award winning actors
Actors from Glamorgan
American movie actors
American television actors
Cancer deaths in the United States
Deaths from lung cancer
Welsh movie actors
Welsh television actors
Canine tooth

Canine teeth are found in mammals. They are the eye teeth, fangs or dogteeth. They are on either side of the incisors. Their main function is to hold food firmly in order to tear it apart, and also attack and defence.

In some mammals they are weapons of attack and defence. Examples are: wolves and dogs; the cat family; walrus. Baboons and the great apes have large canines, especially the adult males. In humans they are much reduced, and sit in line with the other teeth.

Teeth
Premolar

The premolar teeth of mammals are the teeth between the canines and the molars. There are at most a total of eight of them. The number is reduced in the dental formula of many species.

As the name suggests, they are like smaller molars, and their function is to crush  and grind food.

Teeth
Crash Holly

Michael John "Mike" Lockwood (August 25, 1971 – November 6, 2003) was an American professional wrestler who was best known for wrestling with World Wrestling Federation (WWF) under the ring name, Crash Holly. He was a member of the Holly cousins along with Hardcore Holly. He died on November 6, 2003, after committing suicide from mixing prescription medication and alcohol at wrestler Stevie Richards' house.

Championships
Lockwood held many championships during his professional wrestling career:

 All Pro Wrestling
 APW Junior Heavyweight Championship (one time)

 International Wrestling Association
 IWA Hardcore Championship (one time)
 IWA World Junior Heavyweight Championship (one time)

 Mid-Eastern Wrestling Federation
 MEWF Cruiserweight Championship (one time)

 Power Pro Wrestling
 PPW Tag Team Championship (one time) with Vic Grimes
 PPW Young Guns Championship (one time)

 Supreme Pro Wrestling
 SPW Tag Team Championship (one time) with Hook Bomberry

 World Wrestling Federation / World Wrestling Entertainment
 WWF European Championship (one time)
 WWF/E Hardcore Championship (twenty-two times)
 WWF Light Heavyweight Championship (one time)
 WWF Tag Team Championship (one time) with Hardcore Holly

1971 births
2003 deaths
American professional wrestlers
Drug-related suicides in the United States
Former WWE wrestlers
People from Anaheim, California
Sportspeople from California
Bo Derek

Bo Derek (born Mary Cathleen Collins, November 20, 1956 in Long Beach, California), is an American actress. She was coordinated by spouse John Derek in Fantasies, Tarzan, the Ape Man (both 1981), Bolero (1984) and Ghosts Can't Do It (1989), all of which got negative surveys. A widow since 1998, she lives with entertainer John Corbett. Presently in semi-retirement, she makes periodic film, TV, and narrative appearances.

Career 
Derek began her acting career with movies such as Orca (1977), and 10 (1979). After the success of 10, she starred in the movies Fantasies (1981), Tarzan, the Ape Man (1981), Bolero (1984), and Ghosts Can't Do It (1989). These movies were directed by her husband John Derek.

In the early 1990s, she worked in comedies and low-budget movies such as Amour et chocolat (1992) and Woman of Desire (1994, with Robert Mitchum).

Derek reappeared in 1995 in the comedy Tommy Boy (1995), as Beverly. After Tommy Boy, she worked on several films: Sunstorm (2001), Frozen with Fear (2001), Malibu's Most Wanted (2003), and Life in the Balance (2004).

Television 
In the late 1990s, Derek began making appearances on television show The Drew Carey Show, Wind on Water, Family Law, Queen of Swords.  

In the year 2006 she obtained the role of Maria Gianni, in the drama TV series Fashion House.

Filmography

References

Other websites 

Official website
Interview with Bo Derek

American television actors
American movie actors
Actors from Long Beach, California
1956 births
Living people
People from Long Beach, California
Spike Dudley

Matthew "Matt" Hyson (born August 13, 1970 in Providence, Rhode Island) is a semi-retired American professional wrestler. He was best known for wrestling with Extreme Championship Wrestling (ECW) and World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) under the ring name, Spike Dudley. He also wrestled for Total Nonstop Action Wrestling under the ring name, Brother Runt. He was known for being a member of the tag team, The Dudley Boyz.

Personal life
Before he started his professional wrestling career, he worked as a third grade teacher’s aide. He is married to his wife Vikki Hyson and they have a daughter named Meadow. He currently works as a financial planner.

Championships
Hyson held many championships during his professional wrestling career:

Big Time Wrestling (California)
BTW Cruiserweight Championship (one time)

Big Time Wrestling (Massachusetts)
BTW Heavyweight Championship (one time)

Chaotic Wrestling
CW Tag Team Championship (one time) with Kyle Storm

Extreme Championship Wrestling
ECW World Tag Team Championship (two times) with Balls Mahoney

New York Wrestling Connection
NYWC Heavyweight Championship (one time)

Pro Wrestling Illustrated
PWI ranked him #196 of the 500 Best Singles Wrestlers of the Year in 2007

World Wrestling Federation / World Wrestling Entertainment
WWE Cruiserweight Championship (one time)
WWE European Championship (one time)
WWF Hardcore Championship (seven times)
WWF World Tag Team Championship (one time) with Tazz

Wrestling Observer Newsletter awards
Worst Worked Match of the Year in 2006 (TNA Reverse Battle Royal on TNA Impact!)

References

1970 births
Living people
Former WWE wrestlers
American professional wrestlers
Sportspeople from Rhode Island
Total Nonstop Action Wrestling alumni
Jessica Lange

Jessica Lange (born April 20, 1949) is an American television, movie and stage actress. She was born in Cloquet, Minnesota. Her most notable performances happened in the movies King Kong (her first movie role), The Postman Always Rings Twice, Tootsie, Music Box, Rob Roy, and Frances (a movie about Frances Farmer). She starred in many other movies. During her career, she has gotten several awards.

Other websites 

1949 births
Living people
Academy Award winning actors
Actors from Minnesota
American activists
American movie actors
American stage actors
American television actors
Emmy Award winning actors
Golden Globe Award winning actors
Lumbricus terrestris

Lumbricus terrestris, also known as the common worm, lob worm, or dew worm, is a large reddish worm native to Europe, but now also widely distributed elsewhere around the world (along with several other lumbricids), due to human introductions. In some areas where it has been introduced, some people consider it to be a serious pest species, since it is out-competing locally native worms.

Through much of Europe it is the largest naturally occurring species of earthworm, typically reaching 20 – 25 cm in length when extended (though in parts of southern Europe there are native species which are much larger). It has an unusual habit of copulating on the surface at night, which makes it more visible than most other earthworms.

Annelids
Davey Boy Smith

David Smith (27 November 1962 – 18 May 2002) was an English professional wrestler who was best known for wrestling with World Wrestling Federation (WWF) and World Championship Wrestling (WCW) under the ring names, (The) British Bulldog and Davey Boy Smith. He had a close relationship with the Hart family and was trained in The Hart Dugeon by Stu Hart. Smith died of a heart attack.

Championships
Smith held many championships during his professional wrestling career:

All Japan Pro Wrestling
January 2nd Korakuen Hall Heavyweight Battle Royal Winner in 1989

Pro Wrestling Illustrated
PWI Match of the Year in 1992 vs. Bret Hart at SummerSlam
PWI ranked him #15 of the top 500 singles wrestlers in the PWI 500 in 1993.
PWI ranked him #5 of the 100 best tag teams of the PWI Years in 2003 with The Dynamite Kid
PWI ranked him 53 of the top 500 singles wrestlers of the "PWI Years" in 2003

Stampede Wrestling
NWA Stampede International Tag Team Championship (Calgary version) (two times) with Bruce Hart
Stampede British Commonwealth Mid-Heavyweight Championship (one time)
Stampede Wrestling International Tag Team Championship (two times) with The Dynamite Kid
Stampede North American Heavyweight Championship (two times)
Stampede World Mid-Heavyweight Championship (one time)
Stampede Wrestling Hall of Fame

World Wrestling Federation
WWF European Championship (two times)
WWF Hardcore Championship (two times)
WWF Intercontinental Championship (one time)
WWF World Tag Team Championship (two times) with The Dynamite Kid (one) and Owen Hart (one)
Battle Royal at the Royal Albert Hall Winner

Wrestling Observer Newsletter awards
Best Wrestling Maneuver in 1984 Power clean dropkick
Feud of the Year in 1997 with Bret Hart, Owen Hart, Jim Neidhart, and Brian Pillman vs. Stone Cold Steve Austin
Tag Team of the Year in 1985 with The Dynamite Kid

References

1962 births
2002 deaths
Cardiovascular disease deaths in Canada
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Disease-related deaths in British Columbia
English professional wrestlers
Former WWE wrestlers
Sportspeople from Lancashire
Glenn Ruth

Glenn Ruth (born June 13, 1969 in Camden, New Jersey) is a retired American professional wrestler who was best known for wrestling with the World Wrestling Federation (WWF) under the ring name Thrasher. Ruth was best known as one half of the tag team The Headbangers, along with Mosh.

Championships
Ruth held many championships during his professional wrestling career:

Blackburn Wrestling Alliance
BWA Tag Team Championship (one time) with Greg Spitz

Heartland Wrestling Association
HWA Tag Team Championship (one time) with Mosh

Insane Championship Wrestling
ICW Streetfight Tag Team Championship (one time) with Mosh

Main Event Championship Wrestling
MECW Tag Team Championship (one time) with Mosh

Maryland Championship Wrestling
MCW Tag Team Championship (one time) with Mosh

NWA Southwest
NWA World Tag Team Championship (one time) with Mosh

New England Wrestling Federation
NEWF Tag Team Championship (three times) with Mosh

Pro Wrestling Illustrated
PWI ranked him No. 110 of the Top 500 singles wrestlers in the PWI 500 in 1997.

Texas Wrestling Alliance
TWA Tag Team Championship (one time) – with Mosh

World Wrestling Federation
WWF Hardcore Championship (one time)
WWF Tag Team Championship (one time) with Mosh

References

1962 births
Living people
Former WWE wrestlers
American professional wrestlers
Sportspeople from New Jersey
People from Camden, New Jersey
Charles Warrington

Glenn Ruth (born May 28, 1971 in Cherry Hill, New Jersey) is a retired American professional wrestler who was best known for wrestling with World Wrestling Federation (WWF) under the ring names, Chaz and Mosh. Warringon was also one half of the tag team, The Headbangers, along with Thrasher.

He is currently a Sales Director for DEX Imaging in Tampa, Florida. He also plays outfield for the nationally-ranked Fort Lauderdale professional kickball team "The Meatballs".

Championships
Warrington held many championships during his professional wrestling career:

Hardkore Championship Wrestling
2004 HCW Incredible 8 Tournament Semi-Finalist

Heartland Wrestling Association
HWA Tag Team Championship (one time) with Thrasher

Insane Championship Wrestling
ICW Streetfight Tag Team Championship (one time) with Thrasher

Main Event Championship Wrestling
MECW Tag Team Championship (one time) with Thrasher

Maryland Championship Wrestling
MCW Heavyweight Championship (one time)
MCW Tag Team Championship (one time) with Thrasher

Maximum Xtreme Pro Wrestling
MXPW Heavyweight Championship (one time)

National Wrestling Alliance
NWA World Tag Team Championship (one time) with Thrasher

New England Wrestling Federation
NEWF Tag Team Championship (three times) with Thrasher

Pro Wrestling Illustrated
PWI ranked him #104 of the Top 500 singles wrestlers in the PWI 500 in 1997.

Texas Wrestling Alliance
TWA Tag Team Championship (one time) with Thrasher

World Wrestling Alliance (WWA New Jersey)
WWA Heavyweight Championship

World Wrestling Federation
WWF Tag Team Championship (one time) with Thrasher

References

Other websites

1962 births
Living people
Former WWE wrestlers
American professional wrestlers
Sportspeople from New Jersey
Joel McCrea

Joel Albert McCrea (November 5, 1905 – October 20, 1990) was an American actor.

His career began in the late 1920s in movies such as The Fair Co-Ed (1927) and The Five O'Clock Girl (1928).

He had a starring role in the Western movie Wells Fargo (1937) and Union Pacific (1939). Those movies turned McCrea, into a prominent actor in westerns, from that moment he would never stop starring in Westerns. In another of his classics, Buffalo Bill (1944), he plays the legendary buffalo hunter. His other successful role was of "The Virginian" in The Virginian (1946). He was directed by renowned director Raoul Walsh in Colorado Territory (1949), he plays an outlaw who plans to rob the railroad.
 
In the 1950's,  he starred in some interesting western movie as The San Francisco Story (1952), Border River (1954), and the Classic Wichita (1955), by Jacques Tourneur, The Gunfight at Dodge City (1959), as Bat Masterson.  
 
One of his best movies, was with the actor Randolph Scott in Ride the High Country (1962) by Sam Peckinpah. His last movies were The Young Rounders (1966) - Sioux Nation (1970) - Cry Blood, Apache (1970) and Mustang Country (1976).

Television 
In 1960 Joel McCrea, was hired by NBC Television, for the role of Marshal Mike Dunbar, in the series Wichita Town for 26 episodes. Marshal Mike Dunbar, is tough, imposing law and order in the wild town of Wichita. Joel McCrea was one of the few stars in Hollywood, starring in a television series.

Other websites

 
 
 
 
 Photographs and literature
Joel McCrea Wildlife Preserve
McCrea Ranch 

1905 births
1990 deaths

American television actors
American movie actors
Actors from Los Angeles County, California
Oliver Hardy

Oliver Hardy (January 18, 1892 - August 7, 1957) was an American comedian, actor and director.

Career 
Born in Harlem, Georgia, U.S.. His solo career includes the short films Outwitting Dad (1914), Cupid's Target (1915), A Maid to Order (1916), The Fly Cop (1917), The Midnight Cabaret (1923), They All Fall (1925). He leaps to fame when he formed a duo with Stan Laurel, they formed the most successful comedy groups of all time. Laurel and Hardy shot many short films and feature much success Hats Off (1927), They Go Boom! (1929). One of his best films was The Midnight Patrol (1934), where two police officers. And the classics of comedy as Sons of the Desert (1933), Way Out West (1937), The Flying Deuces (1939), Saps at Sea (1940), are of the best comedy of all time.

Oliver Hardy also worked with John Wayne in Western movies, The Fighting Kentuckian (1949), and Bing Crosby in Frank Capra film Riding High (1950).

References

The Laurel and Hardy Magazine Website
Official Laurel and Hardy Website
The Laurel and Hardy Forum 
Free clip from Bouncing Baby (1916), made available for public use by the State Archives of Florida

Oliver Hardy's obituaries in the Los Angeles Times and Los Angeles Mirror-News

 

1892 births
1957 deaths
Actors from Georgia (U.S. state)
American silent movie actors
Comedians from Georgia (U.S. state)
Deaths from cerebral thrombosis
Movie directors from Georgia (U.S. state)
Loni Anderson

Loni Kaye Anderson (born August 5, 1946,  St. Paul, Minnesota) is an American actress. She is best known for playing Jennifer Marlowe in the sitcom WKRP in Cincinnati. She was married to Burt Reynolds from 1988 to 1993.

References

1945 births
Living people
American television actors
Actors from Saint Paul, Minnesota
Vampiro

Ian Richard Hodgkinson (born May 31, 1967 in Thunder Bay, Ontario) is a semi-retired Canadian professional wrestler that currently wrestles for Asistencia Asesoría y Administración (AAA). 

He is probably best known for wrestling with Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre in the early 1990s and with World Championship Wrestling (WCW) under the ring name, Vampiro. 

He currently serves as the head of the Guardian Angels' chapter in Mexico City. 

On April 12, 2019, Hodgkinson was diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease.

Championships
Vampiro has held many championships during his professional wrestling career:

Asistencia Asesoría y Administración
Rey de Reyes (2006)Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre
NWA World Light Heavyweight Championship (one time)

Federación Internacional de Lucha Libre
FILL Heavyweight Championship (one time)

International Wrestling Association
IWA Hardcore Championship (three times)
IWA Intercontinental Heavyweight Championship (one time)

Juggalo Championship Wrestling
JCW Heavyweight Championship (two times)

Nu-Wrestling Evolution
NWE World Heavyweight Championship (one time)

Universal Wrestling Association
UWA World Heavyweight Championship (one time)

World Championship Wrestling
WCW World Tag Team Championship (one time) with The Great Muta

World Wrestling Council
WWC Universal Heavyweight Championship (one time)

Wrestling Society X
WSX Championship (one time)Pro Wrestling Illustrated'''
PWI ranked him #31 of the 500 best singles wrestlers in the PWI 500 in 2000.

References

1967 births
Living people
Canadian professional wrestlers
People with Alzheimer's disease
People from Thunder Bay
Eartha Kitt

Eartha Kitt (January 17, 1927 – December 25, 2008) was an American singer and songwriter who had many hit songs. She was also an actress. Kitt died of colorectal cancer in Weston, Connecticut. She was the first musician to record the song "Santa Baby".

Early life and career
Kitt was born on a cotton plantation in North, South Carolina. She lived there for the first 7 years of her life, but when she turned 8 years old  her family moved to the Harlem neighborhood of New York City. While she lived in New York she attended the High School of Performing Arts. In 1943, while she was in New York, she started her career as part of the Katherine Dunham Company, a dance group founded by famous singer/dancer named Katherine Dunham. Along with Dunham, Eartha performed in Egypt, France, Greece, Turkey, New York, Las Vegas and Hollywood. She acted in the movie Casbah in 1948. It was her first role in a movie. In 1960 a star was put for her in the Hollywood Walk of Fame. In 2000 she did the voice of Yzma in The Emperor's New Groove.

Eartha Kitt was on Broadway a couple of times in plays like New Faces and Timbuktu. She was also in many different movies, some of which are Synanon, The Mark of the Hawk, All by Myself and Accused. She made many different appearances on shows such as Colgate Comedy Hour, Batman, The Ed Sullivan Show, I Spy and Police Woman.

In her later years Eartha Kitt wrote four different memoirs. The first was called Thursday's Child, The second was called Tart is Not a Sweet, the third was called Alone With Me, The last one was called I’m Still Here; Confessions of a Sex Kitten. Eartha Kitt died on Christmas Day, 2008 in Weston, Connecticut.

References 

 "Kitt, Eartha." World Book Advanced. World Book, 2014. Web.  12 May 2014.
 "Eartha Kitt." Contemporary Authors Online. Detroit: Gale, 2008. Biography in Context. Web. 12 May 2014.

Actors from South Carolina
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1927 births
2008 deaths
Morganucodon

Morganucodon is an early mammaliaform genus.p79 It lived during the latest Upper Triassic or earliest Jurassic.p299

Unlike many other early mammals, Morganucodon is known from abundant and well preserved material. Most of this comes from Glamorgan in Wales (Morganucodon watsoni).

According to Kemp, it is impossible to say whether the rock fissures (cracks), where the remains were found, are latest Triassic or earliest Jurassic.p142

Morganucodon first appeared about 205 million years ago.  "It was a small animal with a skull 2-3 cm in length and a body length of about 10 cm [4 inches]. In general appearance it would have looked like a shrew or mouse".p143

Distribution 
Fossils have also been found in the Yunnan Province in China (Morganucodon oehleri), in various parts of Europe and North America and some at least closely related animals (Megazostrodon) are known from exquisite fossils from South Africa.p21/33, 174

Physiology 
From their size and teeth, they may have been insectivores.p300
The small size suggests some kind of temperature regulation, which in turn suggests insulation in the form of fur. Nocturnal activity in an animal of this size virtually requires an increased internal production of heat.p124

Brain size is another factor. It is certain that early mammals did have enlarged brains relative to their size. Reconstructions of the brain size has shown this. Apparently, brain size in Mesozoic mammals lay within the lower range of brain size for living mammals. This is an overall increase of four or more times the volume of basal amniote brains. Very likely this involved the development of the neocortex, "one of the most striking of all mammalian characteristics".p120

Is it a mammal? 
There has been a long controversy about whether or not to classify it as a mammal. Some prefer to include it in a broader clade called Mammaliaformes.

Morganucodon is regarded as very basal (= primitive). Its lower jaw has some of the bones found in its synapsid ancestors in a very reduced form. Mammals have a jawbone composed solely of the dentary.

The primitive jaw joint between the articular and quadrate bones is still  found in Morganucodon.p107/112 In modern mammals these bones moved into the middle ear and become part of the ear ossicles as malleus and incus, Morganucodon is unusual because, apart from still having the primitive hinge, it has also evolved the derived mammalian one and so has a double jaw joint.

Its tooth replacement and determinate growth, are mammalian features.p324/346 Earlier synapsids replace their teeth throughout life, as sauropsids also do. This is known as "polyphyodonty", while mammals grow only two sets of teeth, in "diphyodonty".

References 

Theriodonts
Castle Vale Estate

Castle Vale is a housing estate near Erdington,  northeast of Birmingham city centre, in England. The area has about 10,000 people. It has modern homes because a lot of new houses were built after World War II.  It is known as a postwar overspill estate.

The area was originally known as Berwood, from the Saxon 'Bearu' meaning 'the woods'. Historically the area was a boggy and wooded area, and development only started when Edward Darcy began cutting down the trees in the 17th century and the Birmingham and Fazeley Canal was built in the 18th century. In the 20th century, the land became the site for the first aeroplane take-off in Birmingham which led to a long aviation history being associated with the area. Castle Bromwich Aerodrome was established on the site and operated from 1914 to 1960, being a major airfield in both World Wars and also having industrial importance as the testing facility for locally manufactured airplanes and the location for the British Industries Fair. 

Castle Vale became infamous from the 1970s onwards as a large scale example of a failed postwar overspill estate, which suffered from poor construction and maintenance, social deprivation and high levels of crime. The area became the focus of a targeted regeneration initiative, led by the Castle Vale Housing Action Trust (CVHAT) from 1993 to 2005, where the estate witnessed the demolition of many of its houses and facilities, the repair of remaining properties, and the construction of new housing and facilities along with the remodelling of the estate, funded both privately and publicly. It is now hailed as an example of a successful community-led regeneration scheme.

References

Birmingham
Town and country planning in the United Kingdom
Mahayana

Mahayana (, mahāyāna, literally the "Great Vehicle") is one of the two main branches of Buddhism. Mahayana Buddhism is from India. Zen is a kind of Mahayana that is influenced by Confucianism.

Buddhism
Buddhist terminology
Tritylodont

Tritylodonts  were small to medium-sized mammal-like cynodonts. They varied in size from a rabbit to a beaver.

They were the last family of the non-mammalian synapsids. One of the last cynodont lines to appear, the family Tritylodontidae descended from a Cynognathus-like cynodont. Their teeth had three cusps (bumps) which gave them their name.

The tritylodonts were herbivorous, chewing through vegetation, such as stems, leaves, and roots. Tritylodonts have no canine teeth, just incisors and cheek teeth. The jaw worked by grinding forward and backwards, shredding the food between the ridges of the teeth.

They were the longest surviving of all the non-mammalian therapsids. They appeared in the latest Triassic period, and persisted through the Jurassic until the middle of the Cretaceous. This shows that the tritylodonts were a successful group of therapsids, even though they lived right beneath the ruling dinosaurs' feet, so to speak.

It is very clear that the tritylodonts were warm-blooded. The tritylodont fossils were found in the Americas, South Africa, and Eurasia. They may have managed to live worldwide, including Antarctica.

There are quite a few parallels between these tritylodonts (which are outside the mammal line) and multituberculates, which are mammals. The tritylodonts had no competition in the Jurassic, because all the other  mammal-like types were either carnivores or insectivores. Kermack's conclusion is that when the multituberculates appeared (middle Jurssic) they were in direct competition, and eventually they out-competed the earlier group, and replaced it.

References 

Theriodonts
Anthony Henday

Anthony Henday (fl. 1750 – 1762) was one of the first white men to explore the interior of the Canadian northwest. His explorations were for the Hudson's Bay Company (HBC) who were worried that La Vérendrye and the other western commanders were taking furs from the northwest to their forts.

Henday volunteered to undertake an expedition into this territory. He came from the Isle of Wight, and was a convicted smuggler and joined the HBC in 1750 as a net-maker and labourer. Henday had gained some experience in inland travel after arriving at York Factory. On June 26, 1754, he set out with a group of  Plains Indians. They passed the French Fort Paskoya where he may have met La Corne, the western commander at that time.

In October of 1754 he and his group came to what is now Alberta from York Factory with a mission to meet the Blackfoot and perhaps trade with them. The Blackfoot did not give a clear answer, but Henday decided they meant “no”, so he travelled back to York Factory with news that he had explored the area and had met with the Blackfoot. Since the answer had been unsure, there was no more expeditions to Alberta.

This trip, and later ones, took Henday across much of the prairies of what is now Saskatchewan and Alberta and his journal shows that he brought a lot of trade to York Factory. Records show that some of the trade also went to the French at Fort Saint-Louis (Fort de la Corne)  and Fort  Paskoya which were on the route to Hudson Bay. He left the service of the HBC in 1762 largely because his efforts for the company, at least in his estimation, had not been properly recognized.

Anthony Henday Drive, a large ring road in Edmonton is named in his honour.

References

Other websites 
 Biography at the Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online

1720s births
1762 deaths
History of Canada
People from the Isle of Wight
Therocephalia

Therocephalia ('beast-heads') are an extinct group of theriodonts. They lived from the middle Permian into the Triassic 265—245 million years ago, about 20 million years.

The therocephalians  are named after their large skulls. Their skulls, with the structure of their teeth, suggest that they were successful carnivores. 

Like other non-mammalian therapsids, therocephalians are sometimes described as mammal-like reptiles. In fact Therocephalia is the group most closely related to the cynodonts, which gave rise to the mammals. 

This relationship shows in a variety of anatomical features, possibly including whiskers and hair. There remain many unanswered questions about the phylogeny, anatomy, and physiology of therocephalians.

The fossils of therocephalians are numerous in the Karoo of South Africa, but have also been found in Russia, China, and Antarctica. 

Early therocephalian fossils discovered in Middle Permian deposits of South Africa support a Gondwanan origin for the group, which seems to have spread quickly throughout the world. Although almost every therocephalian lineage ended during the great Permian–Triassic extinction event, a few representatives of the subgroup (called Eutherocephalia) survived into the early Triassic and continued to diversify.

However, the last therocephalians became extinct by the early middle Triassic. The reasons for their extinction are not known.

Theriodonts
Matrix mechanics

Matrix mechanics is the first way that physicists found to express quantum physics in mathematical form. Werner Heisenberg initially developed this form of expression of the laws of physics just as an equation that he could use to predict the intensities of the photons in the various bands of the hydrogen spectrum.

Heisenberg's teacher and colleague, Max Born, saw that his equation was essentially the plan for creating and multiplying matrices. 
The matrix form of quantum physics is still used since it is useful and convenient for some purposes. Other mathematical ways, particularly Erwin Schrödinger's equation using a wave function, are mathematically equivalent but are easier to use for other purposes.  

One of the early successes of this theory was announced shortly thereafter and is now called the Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle.

Quantum mechanics
Space Shuttle Discovery

Space Shuttle Discovery (OV-103) is the third space shuttle run by NASA. It has flew more missions than any orbiter. It is named after RRS Discovery. It was retired on March 9, 2011. It has spent one year (365 days) in space. It is now on display at the National Air and Space Museum in Washington D.C.

Gallery

Tribute and mission insignas

References
Space Shuttle Overview: Discovery (OV-103)

Discovery
Diospyros

Diospyros is a genus of about 450–500 species of deciduous and evergreen trees. Most are native to the tropics, with only a few species extending into temperate regions. They are commonly known as ebony or persimmon trees. The generic name is derived from the Greek words διός (dios), meaning "of Zeus" and πυρός (pyros), meaning "grain" and was originally applied to the Caucasian Persimmon (D. lotus).

References

Ebenaceae
Robert Mitchum

Robert Mitchum (August 6, 1917 – July 1, 1997) was an American actor.

Career 
He began his career by participating in small roles in movies The Human Comedy (1943), Follow the Band (1943), Beyond the Last Frontier (1943). Mitchum began to make known after playing the role of pilot Bob Gray, in war movie Thirty Seconds Over Tokyo (1944), from that film began to star in many war movies as Story of G.I. Joe (1945), is Capt. Bill Walker, fighting in North Africa during World War II. One Minute to Zero (1952), The Hunters (1958), The Enemy Below (1957), A Terrible Beauty (1960), The Longest Day (1962), Man in the Middle (1963), Anzio (1968), and Midway (1976).

Two of his best films are The Night of the Hunter (1955), by Charles Laughton, He plays a false Reverend Harry Powell, who marries a widow of Ben Harper, who before he died he hid the loot from a robbery at his home. 
       
In the J. Lee Thompson thriller Cape Fear (1962), He embodies the role of a former inmate and dangerous psychopath Max Cady who pursues the lawyer who defended him at his trial. The lawyer's role was played by Gregory Peck.

Mitchum also starred in some Western movies Rachel and the Stranger (1948), Blood on the Moon (1948), The Lusty Men (1952), River of No Return (1954), with Marilyn Monroe, Bandido (1956), What a Way to Go! with Shirley MacLaine (1964), with El Dorado (1966) with John Wayne, The Way West (1967) with Kirk Douglas, Villa Rides (1968), 5 Card Stud (1968) with Dean Martin, Young Billy Young (1969). 
      
With a tough-guy personality into his characters, he was able to work with the greatest directors of film as Robert Wise, John Farrow, Otto Preminger, Charles Laughton, Richard Fleischer, Jack Webb, Howard Hawks and Henry Hathaway.

Other websites 

Profile @ Turner Classic Movies
Robert Mitchum's ashes at Find-A-Grave
Photographs and literature

Actors from Bridgeport, Connecticut
American movie actors
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Cancer deaths in the United States
Deaths from lung cancer
1917 births
1997 deaths
Occipital lobe

The occipital lobe is the back part of a mammal's brain. It is the visual processing center, and it is made up of most of the anatomical region of the visual cortex.

References 

Anatomy of the brain
Southcentral Alaska

Southcentral Alaska is a part of the U.S. state of Alaska. It is around the  Gulf of Alaska.  Most of the people of the state live in this part of the state.  Anchorage, the largest city in Alaska, is here. 40% of the people in Alaska live in or near Anchorage.

The area includes Cook Inlet, the Matanuska-Susitna Valley, the Kenai Peninsula, Prince William Sound, and the Copper River Valley.  Tourism, fishing, and making petroleum are the biggest businesses.

Other towns include Palmer, Wasilla, Kenai/Soldotna, Homer, Seward, Valdez, and Cordova.

Geography of Alaska
Deanna Durbin

Edna Mae Durbin, known as Deanna Durbin (December 4, 1921 – April 20, 2013), was a Canadian actress and singer. She was in a number of musical movies in the 1930s and 1940s, singing standards and operatic arias. Her first movie was in 1936 with Judy Garland in Every Sunday. She was born in Manitoba, Canada, 4 December 1921 but has lived near Paris since she married Charles David in 1950. Durbin's death was announced on April 30, 2013 in Paris, France from unknown causes, aged 91. It was later announced that Durbin died on April 20.

References

Other websites 

1921 births
2013 deaths
Actors from Winnipeg
Canadian movie actors
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Unexplained deaths
Colony collapse disorder

Colony collapse disorder (CCD) is an occurrence where worker bees from a beehive abruptly disappear. The exact cause of colony collapse disorder is unknown. However, chemicals, parasites, and Varroa mites have been proposed as factors contributing to colony collapse disorder.

Early in 2013, the European Food Safety Authority issued a declaration that three specific neonicotinoid pesticides pose an acute risk to honeybees, and the European Commission (EC) proposed a two-year ban on them. David Goulson, who led one of the key 2012 studies at the University of Stirling said that the decision "begs the question of what was going on when these chemicals were first approved." The chemical manufacturer Bayer said it was "ready to work with" the EC and member states.

References

Animal diseases
Jaime Pressly

Jaime Pressly is an American model and actress. She played Joy Turner in NBC's sitcom My Name is Earl. She has also starred in numerous motion pictures. The actress was born July 30, 1977, Kinston, North Carolina.

1977 births
Living people
Actors from North Carolina
American movie actors
American television actors