cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Sierre (district)

Sierre is a district of the canton of Valais in Switzerland.

It contains the following municipalities:

 Ayer
 Chalais 
 Chandolin 
 Chermignon 
 Chippis 
 Grimentz 
 Grône 
 Icogne 
 Lens 
 Miège 
 Mollens 
 Montana-Vermala
 Randogne 
 Sierre 
 Saint-Jean 
 Saint-Léonard 
 Saint-Luc
 Venthône 
 Veyras 
 Vissoie

Districts of Valais
Sion (district)

Sion is a district of the canton of Valais in Switzerland.

It contains the following municipalities:

 Arbaz 
 Grimisuat 
 Salins
 Savièse 
 Sion 
 Veysonnaz

Districts of Valais
Visp (district)

Visp is a district in the canton of Valais in southern Switzerland. It contains the following municipalities:

Districts of Valais
Steckborn (district)

Steckborn is a former district of the canton of Thurgau. The capital city was Steckborn.

It contains the following municipalities:

Former districts of Thurgau
Frauenfeld (district)

Frauenfeld is a district of the canton of Thurgau. The capital city, and the capital of Thurgau, is the city of Frauenfeld.

These municipalities are in the district:

Districts of Thurgau
American badger

The American badger (Taxidea taxus) is an animal usually found in the Great Plains area of North America. 

It looks similar to the European badger, but it is  not closely related to them. It is found in the western, central, and eastern United States, northern Mexico, and south-central Canada.

The American badger's habitat lives in open grasslands eating prey (such as mice, squirrels, and groundhogs). The badger likes areas such as prairies  with sandy loam soils where it can dig easily for its prey. They are found in many places from high alpine meadows to sea level.

American badgers are excellent diggers, and can tunnel rapidly through the soil using their powerful forelimbs.

Badgers are carnivorous.  Unlike many carnivores that stalk their prey in open country, badgers catch most of their food by digging. They can tunnel after ground-dwelling rodents with amazing speed.

References 

Mustelids
Kreuzlingen (district)

Kreuzlingen is a district of the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland. The capital city is Kreuzlingen.

It contains the following municipalities:

Districts of Thurgau
Weinfelden (district)

Weinfelden is one of the eight districts of the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland. The capital city is Weinfelden.

It contains the following municipalities:

Districts of Thurgau
Bischofszell (district)

Bischofszell is a former district of the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland. The capital city was Bischofszell.

It contains the following municipalities:

Former districts of Thurgau
Diessenhofen (district)

Diessenhofen  is a former district of the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland. The capital city was Diessenhofen.

It contains the following municipalities:

Former districts of Thurgau
Münchwilen (district)

Münchwilen is one of the eight districts of the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland. The capital city is Münchwilen.

It contains the following municipalities:

Districts of Thurgau
Arbon (district)

Arbon is a district of the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland. The capital city is Arbon.

It contains the following municipalities:

Districts of Thurgau
Steckborn

Steckborn is a municipality and the capital city of the district of Steckborn in the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland.

Steckborn is near Lake Constance. In 2005, 3,398 people lived there.

History 
People lived in the area around Steckborn already in the 100s. There are also Roman ruins of walls and other buildings. Probably in the 800s, the village became part of the territory of the monastery of Reichenau. This is the period when it is first written about.

Trivia 
Karl Friedrich Gegauf, entrepreneur
Fritz Gegauf, inventor of the sewing machine and founder of Bernina

References

Other websites 
www.steckborn.ch 
BERNINA International site

Municipalities of Thurgau
Cities in Switzerland
Frauenfeld

Frauenfeld is the capital city of the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland. It is also the capital city of the district of Frauenfeld.

History

Early history 
The city is first written about in 1246. It grew up around the Frauenfeld castle on the land of the Reichenau convent.

In 1264, it became the property of the Habsburgs. In 1374, the Habsburgs bestowed the right of judgment for all of Thurgau (which then included St. Gallen) on the Duke of Frauenfeld.

Twice in the 1700s, Frauenfeld was partly destroyed by fire, in 1771 and in 1788.

The fall of the old Old Swiss Confederacy in 1798 as a result of the French invasion brought an end to the gatherings in Frauenfeld.

Modern history 
In 1919, the municipalities of Langdorf, Kurzdorf, Huben, Herten, and Horgenbach became part of Frauenfeld. In 1998, Gerlikon, Schönenhof, and Zelgli joined Frauenfeld.

References

Other websites 

 Official website 
 Official website

Municipalities of Thurgau
Capital cities in Switzerland
Benito Jeronimo Feijoo

Benito Jerónimo Feijoo y Montenegro (8 October 1676 - 26 September 1764) was a Galician neoclassical monk and scholar noted for encouraging scientific thought in Galicia and Spain.

He was born in Casdemiro, and joined the Benedictines at the age of 12, and had taken classes in Galicia, León, and Salamanca. He later taught theology and philosophy at the university of Oviedo, and died at Oviedo. Padre Feijoo studied in Salamanca, Spain, at the University of Oviedo, earning a professorship in theology.  Feijoo was a prominent essayist for the Spanish, and his critiques, letters, and plays helped change the steadfast beliefs of many during the 18th century.

His two famous multi-volume collection of essays, Teatro critico universal (1726-1739) and Cartas eruditas y curiosas cover a range of subjects, from education, law, and medicine, to superstitions and popular beliefs. 

Father Feijoo was a debunker of myths. He had great interest in natural science and many of his essays touch on topics related to this subject and to the many myths about creatures and lands that abounded at that time. One example of how far his naturalistic bent went can be found in a story told by Julio A. Feijoo, one of his descendents, born in Cuba in 1910. Father Feijoo believed that demonic possession was a psychological phenomenon. Once he was called upon to perform an exorcism, and in order to demonstrate that this phenomenon was more due to suggestibility than anything else, in performing a spurious exorcism on the "possessed" subject, he read from Bocaccio's famous bawdy work the Decameron. Upon hearing the Latin lines, the "possessed" individual settled down and declared himself to be free of demonic influence.

1676 births
1764 deaths
Galician people
Monks
Spanish writers
Benedictines
Weinfelden

Weinfelden is a municipality in the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland.  It is the capital of the district of the same name.

In December 2004 it had about 9500 people.  Since it is in the middle of the canton, part of the canton's government is in the town. The Thurgau cantonal bank is also there. The grand council of the canton meets in Weinfelden during the winter.

History

Early history 
Already in the year 124 AD, there was a Roman bridge over the Thur at Weinfelden. The name Weinfelden is first documented in 838.

Weinfelden was by far the biggest town in the canton of Thurgau. In 1798, Paul Reinhart and his committee led the area to freedom from the domination of the Eidgenossen. In 1803, Thurgau became an independent canton, through the mediation of Napoleon, with Frauenfeld as capital.

Modern history 
In 1830, Thomas Bornhauser spoke to a large crowd in Weinfelden, demanding a liberal constitution for the canton. It is one of the first (if not the first) such document.

Portraits of both Paul Reinhart and Thomas Bornhauser hang in the Rathaus.

References

Other websites 

 Official website 

Municipalities of Thurgau
Cities in Switzerland
Bernardino de Sahagún

Bernardino de Sahagún (1499 – October 23 1590), was a Franciscan missionary to the Aztec (Nahua) people of Mexico, best known as the compiler of the Florentine Codex, also known as  (General History of the Things of New Spain).

1499 births
1590 deaths

Spanish writers
Missionaries
Franciscans
Leopoldo Alas

Leopoldo Alas y Ureña (25 April 1851 – 13 May 1901), also known as Clarín, was a Spanish realist writer born in Zamora. He died in Oviedo on 13 May 1901.

Clarin lived in León and Guadalajara in his childhood, then he moved to Oviedo in 1865. There he studied Bachillerato (high school) and he started his law career. He lived in Madrid from 1871 to 1878, where he started his career as a journalist and he graduated with the thesis El Derecho y la Moralidad (Law and Morality). He taught in Zaragoza from 1882 to 1883. In 1883 he returned to Oviedo to take up a position as teacher of Roman law.

He wrote books including La Regenta. It is a long work, similar to Flaubert's Madame Bovary, one of the books that helped to inspire it. Other influences included Naturalism and Kraussism, a philosophical trend which made cultural and moral change in Spain.  He also wrote Nuevo viaje al Parnaso and La Literatura en 1881 (1882), working with Armando Palacio Valdes.

La Regenta is special for its great number of characters and other stories around the main story of the novel. The main character is shown in a way that is not very clear. On the other hand, the downfall of the provincial lady has place amidst two very different men who want to marry her: the most handsome man in the city, who is the winner in the end, and the cathedral's priest. The way the priest is shown is a very important part of the book.

For the description of the provincial setting and the city's collective life, Clarín used styles such as the internal monologue or the free indirect style, which makes the story be told by the characters, not the narrator.

In 1890, he published a new novel, Su único hijo. Most critics do not think it is as good as La Regenta. Su único hijo was originally meant to be the first of a series of three books, but these were not written. The only parts of them that exist are an outline and a few fragments of two of the novels. Su único hijo was Clarín's last long book.

Clarín also wrote some stories and some journalistic articles.

Clarin remains a rather unknown figure in the Spanish literary world. He searched for God and was Humanist at the same time. This strange mix has led to there being different views on the meaning of his writings. La Regenta in particular has many different views on what it could mean.

Works
La Regenta (The Regent's Wife) (1884–85) [Novel]
Su único hijo (His Only Son) (1890) [Novel]
Doña Berta (1892)
¡Adiós, Cordera! (1892)
Cuentos morales (Moral Stories) (1896)
El gallo de Sócrates (Socrates' Rooster) (1900)

Essays
 Solos de Clarín (1881)
 La literatura en 1881 (1882)
 Sermón perdido (1885)
 Nueva campaña (1887)
 Ensayos y revistas (1892)
 Palique (1894)

1851 births
1901 deaths
Spanish writers
Pasiphaë (moon)

Pasiphaë is one of Jupiter's moons. It was found in 1908 by Philibert Jacques Melotte and was named after Pasiphaë from Greek mythology, the wife of Minos and mother of Minotaur.

References

Jupiter's moons
Anthe (moon)

Anthe is a very small moon of Saturn between the orbits of Mimas and Enceladus. It is also known as Saturn XLIX and its designation was S/2007 S 4. It is named after one of the Alkyonides; the name means flowery.

It was found by the Cassini Imaging Team in images taken on May 30, 2007. Once the find was made, a search of older Cassini images showed this small moon in observations from as far back as June 2004. It was first announced on July 18, 2007.

Saturn's moons
Kiviuq (moon)

Kiviuq is a non-spherical moon of Saturn. It was found by Brett J. Gladman in 2000, and given the designation S/2000 S 5.

It was named in 2003 after a "giant" of Inuit mythology. Kiviuq (also spelled Keeveeok, Qiviuq or Kivioq) is a legendary and heroic Inuk, a sort of Inuit Odysseus. He has lived very long (or has had several lives), has wandered and journeyed, living all sorts of adventures whose details depend on the story-teller's local tradition.

Kiviuq is about 16 kilometres in diameter, and orbits Saturn at an average distance of 11.1 million kilometers in 450 days. It is a member of the Inuit group of non-spherical moons.

Kiviuq displays light-red colours and the infrared spectrum very similar to Siarnaq and Paaliaq, further supporting the thesis of a possible common origin of the Inuit group in the break-up of a bigger body.

Other websites
David Jewitt pages

Saturn's moons
Manchukuo

Manchukuo was a puppet state of the Empire of Japan in China and Inner Mongolia from 1932 until 1945. It was first a republic, but in 1934 it became a constitutional monarchy. It had little international recognition and was under the de facto control of Japan.

The place, called Manchuria, was the place of the Manchus, including the kings of the Qing dynasty. In 1931, Japan occupied Manchuria after the Mukden Incident.  A pro-Japanese government was created one year later with Puyi, the last Qing emperor, as the nominal regent and later emperor. Manchukuo's government was removed in 1945 at the end of World War II.  The Soviet Union invaded in August 1945, and formally transferred the territory to Chinese administration in the following year. Although the territories came under the jurisdiction of the Nationalist government, the brief Soviet occupation helped make the region into a base for the Chinese Communist troops, led by Mao Zedong. The People's Liberation Army got Japanese equipment and a strategic advantage against the National Revolutionary Army led by Chiang Kai-shek.

Manchus formed a minority in Manchukuo, whose largest ethnic group were Han Chinese. The number of Koreans increased during the Manchukuo period, and there were also Japanese, Mongols, White Army Russians and other minorities. The southern part of the Liaodong Peninsula was ruled by Japan as the Kwantung Leased Territory.

References

Former countries in Asia
20th century in Japan
20th century in China
Puppet states
1932 establishments in Asia
20th century in Mongolia
Ijiraq (moon)

Ijiraq is a non-spherical moon of Saturn. It was found by the team of
Brett Gladman, John J. Kavelaars, et al. in 2000, and given the designation .

Orbit 

Ijiraq orbits Saturn at an average distance of 11,100,000 km in 451 days on an orbit very similar to Kiviuq's. The diagram illustrates its orbit in relation to other non-spherical moons of Saturn. The eccentricity of the orbits is represented by the yellow segments extending from the pericentre to the apocentre.

Physical characteristics 
While Ijiraq is a member of the Inuit group non-spherical moons, recent observations revealed that Ijiraq is redder than Paaliaq, Siarnaq and Kiviuq.

Name 
Kavelaars, an astronomer at McMaster University, suggested this name to help astronomical nomenclature to get out of its Greco-Romano-Renaissance rut. He spent several months trying to find names that were both multi-cultural and Canadian, consulting Amerindian scholars without finding a name that seemed good. In March 2001, he was reading an Inuit story to his children and had a revelation. The ijiraq plays at hide-and-seek, which is what these small moons of Saturn do: they are hard to find, and cold like the Canadian Arctic (the team of discoverers includes Canadians, Norwegians and Icelandic's—Nordicity is their common trait). Kavelaars contacted the author of the tale, Michael Kusugak, to get his assent, and the latter also suggested the names for Kiviuq and 90377 Sedna.

Other websites 
 David Jewitt pages

Saturn's moons
Paaliaq (moon)

Paaliaq is a non-spherical moon of Saturn. It was found by Brett J. Gladman, John J. Kavelaars, Jean-Marc Petit, Hans Scholl, Matthew J. Holman, Brian G. Marsden,
Philip D. Nicholson and Joseph A. Burns in early October 2000, and given the designation S/2000 S 2. It was named in August 2003 after a fictional shaman in the book The Curse of the Shaman, written by Michael Kusugak, who supplied Kavelaars with the names of giants from Inuit mythology that were used for other Saturnian moons. 

Paaliaq is thought to be about 22 kilometres in diameter, and orbits Saturn at an average distance of 15,200,000 km in 687 days. It is a member of the Inuit group of non-spherical moons.

Together with Kiviuq and Siarnaq, Paaliaq has light-red colours, further supporting that the Inuit group might have been formed when a bigger body broken up.

Other websites 
David Jewitt pages
Scott Sheppard pages

Saturn's moons
Hebrew Bible

The Hebrew Bible, which is also called the Tanakh is the Biblical canon of Hebrew scriptures, including the Torah. These texts are almost exclusively in Hebrew, with a few passages in Aramaic.

It means the same as the Jewish Tanakh and the Protestant Old Testament, but does not include the deuterocanonical portions of the Roman Catholic Old Testament and is meant for the text only, not for naming, numbering or ordering of books (what both Tanakh and Old Testament do).

Hebrew Bible is a term that refers to the common portions of the Jewish canon and the Christian canons. In its Latin form, Biblia Hebraica, it is used as a title for printed editions of the masoretic text.

Usage 
On the one hand, the term "Hebrew Bible" is not often used among adherents of either Judaism or Christianity. On the other hand, it is widely used in academic writing and interfaith discussion.

Further reading 

 Kuntz, John Kenneth. The People of Ancient Israel: an introduction to Old Testament Literature, History, and Thought, Harper and Row, 1974. 
Nothing old about it by Shmuley Boteach (Jerusalem Post, November 28, 2007).

Other websites
A Hebrew Bible from around the year 1300

Bible versions
Skathi (moon)

Skathi or Saturn XXVII, is a moon of Saturn. It was found by Brett Gladman, Kavelaars, et al. in 2000, and given the designation S/2000 S 8.

Skathi is about 6.4 kilometres in diameter, and orbits Saturn at an average distance of 15,576,000 km in 725.784 days, at an inclination of 149° to the ecliptic (150° to Saturn's equator) with an eccentricity of 0.246.

Skathi may have been formed from debris knocked off of Phoebe by big impacts at some point in the solar system's history.

Its name comes from Norse mythology, where Skaði is a giantess (female giant) who is the wife of the Vanir god Njord.

Saturn's moons
Targum

A targum (, plural: targumim) is an Aramaic translation of the Hebrew Bible (Tanakh) that was written or compiled in Palestine or in Babylonia from the Second Temple period until the early Middle Ages (late first millennium). 

Targum also means translation or interpretation. In Arabic Targem (verb) means to translate or interpret. (Mutargem = Translator/Interpreter).

Other websites 
 Targum Pseudo-Jonathan and Targum Onkelos at the Newsletter for Targumic and Cognate Studies - English translations by J.W. Etheridge
 The Aramaic Targum to Psalms  - a translation of the targum to Psalms by Edward M. Cook
 The Aramaic Targum to the Song of Songs - a translation of the targum to Shir HaShirim by Jay C. Treat
 The Aramaic Targum to Ruth - a translation of the targum to Ruth by Samson H. Levey
 The Aramaic Targum to Lamentations - a translation of the targum to Lamentations by C.M.M. Brady
 The Jewish Encyclopedia Entry on Targum
 The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon  - contains critical editions of all the targumim along with lexical tools and grammatical analysis.
 Targum - Catholic Encyclopedia article

Bible
Adam Gilchrist

Adam Craig Gilchrist (born 14 November 1971 in Bellingen, New South Wales) is a former Australian cricketer. He was a wicket keeper and a left handed batsman. In his test career, Gilchrist hit 100 sixes, something nobody else in history has done. He holds the record of the second fastest century maker in history.

Australian cricketers
1971 births
Living people
Sportspeople from New South Wales
Bughouse chess

Bughouse chess (also known as transfer chess or exchanged chess) is a version of the game chess. It is played by four people in two teams. Each team has two players. Teammates sit next to each other, and use opposite colored pieces. (This means that one player on a team will have white pieces and the other will have black pieces.) The game is played on two chess boards. Two chess clocks can also be used. Two games of chess are played in at the same time. If a player one game captures a piece, following the regular rules of chess, they give that piece to their partner to use in the other game. The partner can put the piece on the board instead of making a normal move. Pawns can not be placed in the first or last row but other pieces can be placed in any empty space.  

If one player wins, that team wins the match.

The game is usually played with a clock, which is often set from as short as one minute (usually when played online) to five minutes or longer. If a player runs out of time, that player's team loses.

There are many variations in how to play bughouse; most of these variations have to do with pawns.

Chess variants
Harry Kewell

Harry Kewell (born 22 September 1978 in Sydney) is an Australian football player. He currently plays for Melbourne Heart Football Club in the Australian A-League. He has played for the Socceroos.

He used to play for Leeds United in the Championship and then Galatasaray in the Süper Lig. His junior club was Marconi Stallions. He can play as a midfielder, a striker or a wing.

Career 
Harry Kewell started playing for Liverpool in 2003 before that he played for Leeds United. He was offered more money at other clubs such as Arsenal, Chelsea, Milan, Manchester United, Barcelona, Juventus and Real Madrid but eventually he chose to play at Liverpool. And Now Galatasaray

Club career statistics

|-
|1995/96||rowspan="8"|Leeds United||rowspan="8"|Premier League||2||0||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||2||0
|-
|1996/97||1||0||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||1||0
|-
|1997/98||29||5||4||2||2||1||colspan="2"|-||35||8
|-
|1998/99||39||6||5||1||2||2||4||0||50||9
|-
|1999/00||36||10||3||2||2||0||12||5||53||17
|-
|2000/01||17||2||0||0||0||0||9||0||26||2
|-
|2001/02||27||8||0||0||1||1||7||2||35||11
|-
|2002/03||31||14||4||1||1||0||5||1||41||16
|-
|2003/04||rowspan="5"|Liverpool||rowspan="5"|Premier League||36||7||3||0||2||1||8||3||49||11
|-
|2004/05||18||1||0||0||1||0||12||0||31||1
|-
|2005/06||27||3||6||0||1||0||6||0||40||3
|-
|2006/07||2||1||0||0||0||0||1||0||3||1
|-
|2007/08||10||0||1||0||1||0||3||0||15||0

|-
|2008/09||rowspan="2"|Galatasaray||rowspan="2"|Süper Lig||26||8||1||0||1||1||9||4||37||13
|-
|2009/10||||||||||||||||||||
275||57||26||6||13||5||67||11||381||79
26||8||1||0||1||1||9||4||37||13
301||65||27||6||14||6||76||15||394||92
|}

International career statistics

|-
|1996||2||0
|-
|1997||6||3
|-
|1998||0||0
|-
|1999||0||0
|-
|2000||1||0
|-
|2001||3||0
|-
|2002||0||0
|-
|2003||2||2
|-
|2004||3||1
|-
|2005||2||0
|-
|2006||4||1
|-
|2007||6||2
|-
|2008||9||3
|-
|2009||7||1
|-
!Total||45||13
|}

References

1978 births
Living people
Australian footballers
Sportspeople from Sydney
Maiasaura

Maiasaura was a large, plant-eating, duck-billed dinosaur. Maiasaura was the first dinosaur that was found alongside its young, eggs, and nests. This suggests that Maiasaura nurtured its young.

About Maiasaura 
Maiasaura lived about 80 to 65 million years ago in the late Cretaceous period. It was described as a kind and good natured dinosaur who ate plants, leaves and berries. It ate no meat at all since it was a herbivore. Its name Maiasaura means “Good Mother Lizard”. It was named this because scientists discovered that it looked after its young. Maiasaura measured about 9 metres long, 2-2.5 metres tall and weighed around 1800 kg.

Where they live 
Maiasaurs fossils were found in Montana, United States.

Hadrosauridae
Bait

Bait is something used to attract prey. People have used it for thousands of years. Fishermen use bait to catch fish. There are many different types of bait depending on the kind of animal.  Frequently the bait is cast using a fishing rod and reel.  For a shark, adult squid is often used. When trying to get a salmon, crab is commonly used. Some fishermen use plastic bait. Recently, fishermen have been using electronic lures. Bait can be used to catch most animals. 

Fishing
Dennis Kucinich

Dennis John Kucinich (born October 8, 1946) is a United States Representative from Ohio. He was a hopeful for President of the United States in 2008. He is a Democrat. Kucinich was raised in Cleveland, and was elected Mayor of the city in 1977. His tenure as mayor was a hard one, and he lost reelection to Republican challenger George Voinovich in 1979. Kucinich got back into politics in the 1990s, and became a member of the United States House of Representatives in the 1994 elections. A political progressive, he ran for president twice in 2004 and 2008.

In December 2020, Kucinich filled paperwork to run for Mayor of Cleveland in the 2021 election.

References

1946 births
Living people
2004 United States presidential candidates
Mayors of Cleveland
United States representatives from Ohio
2008 United States presidential candidates
Tusk

Tusks are very long teeth that some animals have. Tusks are made of ivory. Ivory is very rare and expensive. Many elephants are killed for their tusks. One third of a tusk is in the elephant’s head.

Other websites 
 Carved Ivory Tusk 

Animal anatomy

pt:Elefante#Presas
Bill Richardson

William Blaine "Bill" Richardson III (born November 15, 1947) is an American politician. He was the Governor of the United States state of New Mexico from 2003 until 2011. He was a candidate for President of the United States in the 2008 election. He was U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations and Energy Secretary in the Clinton administration. He is a Democrat.

1947 births
Living people
American Roman Catholics
Governors of New Mexico
United States Ambassadors to the United Nations
2008 United States presidential candidates
United States representatives from New Mexico
US Democratic Party politicians
20th-century American politicians
21st-century American politicians
Rudy Giuliani

Rudolph William Louis "Rudy" Giuliani  (born May 28, 1944) is a politician from New York in the United States. He is a Republican and campaigned to become President of the United States in 2008. Giuliani was mayor of New York City from January 1, 1994 to December 31, 2001. Giuliani became more well known during and after the September 11, 2001 attacks on the World Trade Center. In 2001, Time magazine named him "Person of the Year" and he received an honorary knighthood from Queen Elizabeth II in 2002.

Rudy was campaigning in 1993 with the show Seinfeld where he appeared as the NYC Mayor candidate as the "over count" cholesterol man by eating too much yogurt. This "product placement" of Mayor Giuliani is often referred to as an excellent example of electioneering and boosted his popularity accordingly.

On January 12, 2017, President-elect Donald Trump named Giuliani his Cyber Security Adviser.

References

Other websites 
Joinrudy2008.com  - Presidential campaign site

1944 births
Living people
American political commentators
Mayors of New York City
New York University alumni
Politicians from Brooklyn
Time People of the Year
2008 United States presidential candidates
US Republican Party politicians
Albiorix (moon)

Albiorix is a non-spherical moon of Saturn. It was found by Holman, et al. in 2000, and given the designation S/2000 S 11.

Albiorix is the biggest member of the Gallic group of non-spherical moons.

It was named in August 2003 from one of the Celtic names for the god of tribal unity, better known as Toutatis.

Albiorix orbits Saturn at a distance of about 16,000,000 km and its diameter is estimated at 32 kilometers, assuming an albedo of 0.04. A day on Albiorix is 13 hours and 19 minutes long. 

The diagram illustrates its orbit in relation to other prograde non-spherical moons of Saturn. The eccentricity of the orbits is represented by the yellow segments extending from the pericentre to the apocentre. 

Different colours seen recently suggest a possibility of a big crater, suggesting that Erriapo and Tarvos could be pieces of Albiorix following a near break-up collision with another body.

Other websites 
 David Jewitt pages

Saturn's moons
S/2007 S 2

S/2007 S 2 is an unnamed moon of Saturn. Its discovery was announced by Scott S. Sheppard, David C. Jewitt, Jan Kleyna, and Brian G. Marsden on May 1, 2007, from observations taken between January 18 and April 19, 2007. Telescope used is the Subaru 8.3-m optical infrared telescope at Mauna Kea.

Overview 
S/2007 S2 is theorized to have a mean radius of 1.9 miles, assuming an albedo of 0.04. It is 6 kilometres in diameter and orbits Saturn at an eccentricity of about 0.218 and an inclination of about 176.68° at a mean distance of 10.4 million miles (average distance of 16,560,00 million kilometres) from Saturn. The satellite was first thought to be orbiting for about 793 Earth days from its first discovery. The satellite takes about 808 Earth days to complete one orbit.

Like Saturn's other irregular moons, S/2007 S2 is thought to be an object that was captured by Saturn's gravity, rather than having accreted from the dusty disk that surrounded the newly formed planet as the regular satellites are thought to have done.

References

Other websites 
 Institute for Astronomy Saturn Satellite Data
 MPEC 2007-J09: S/2007 S 2, S/2007 S 3 May 1, 2007 (discovery and ephemeris)
 IAUC 8836: S/2007 S 1, S/2007 S 2, and S/2007 S 3 (subscription-only) May 11, 2007 (discovery)

Saturn's moons
Bebhionn (moon)

Bebhionn or Saturn XXXVII (provisional designation S/2004 S 11) is a moon of Saturn. Its discovery was announced by Scott S. Sheppard, David C. Jewitt, Jan Kleyna, and Brian G. Marsden on May 4, 2005, from observations taken between December 12, 2004, and March 9, 2005.

Bebhionn is about 6 kilometres in diameter, and orbits Saturn at an average distance of 16,898,000 km in 820.130 days, at an inclination of 41° to the ecliptic (18° to Saturn's equator), and with an eccentricity of 0.333.

It was named in April 2007 after Bébinn, an early Irish mythology goddess of birth, renowned for her beauty.

References
 Institute for Astronomy Saturn Satellite Data
 Jewitt's New Satellites of Saturn page
 IAUC 8523: New Satellites of Saturn May 4 2005 (discovery)
 MPEC 2005-J13: Twelve New Satellites of  Saturn May 3, 2005 (discovery and ephemeris)
 IAUC 8826: Satellites of Jupiter and Saturn (subscription-only) 2007 April 5 (naming the moon)

Saturn's moons
Erriapus (moon)

Erriapus or Saturn XXVIII, is non-spherical moon of Saturn. It was found by Brett Gladman, John J. Kavelaars, et al. in 2000, and given the designation S/2000 S 10. It was named in August 2003 after Erriapo, a giant in Gaulish mythology. Later, the spelling was corrected to Erriapus.

Erriapus is about 10 kilometres in diameter, and orbits Saturn at an average distance of 17,300,000 km in 871 days.

Erriapus is a member of the Gallic group of non-spherical, sharing a similar orbit and displaying a similar light-red colour, Erriapus is thought to have been formed in a break-up of a bigger body.

Other websites 
 David Jewitt pages

Saturn's moons
Skoll (moon)

Skoll or Saturn XLVII (provisional designation S/2006 S 8) is non-spherical moon of Saturn. Its discovery was announced by Scott S. Sheppard, David C. Jewitt and Jan Kleyna on June 26, 2006, from observations taken between January 5 and April 30, 2006.

Skoll is about 6 kilometres in diameter (assuming an albedo of 0.04), and orbits Saturn at an average distance of 17,600,000 km in 869 days, following a highly eccentric and inclined orbit.

It was named in April 2007 after Sköll, a giant wolf from Norse mythology, son of Fenrisulfr and twin brother of Hati.

Other websites 
 David Jewitt's pages

Saturn's moons
Siarnaq (moon)

Siarnaq or Saturn XXIX, is a non-spherical moon of Saturn. It was found by Brett J. Gladman, et al. in 2000 and given the designation S/2000 S 3.

It was named in August 2003 after the giant Siarnaq (also known as Sedna) in Inuit mythology, it is the biggest member of the Inuit group of non-spherical moons.

Siarnaq is thought to be about 40 kilometres in diameter and orbits Saturn at an average distance of 17,500,000 km in 895 days.

The diagram illustrates its orbit in relation to other prograde non-spherical moons of Saturn. The eccentricity of the orbits is represented by the yellow segments extending from the pericentre to the apocentre.

Siarnaq has light-red colours very similar to Paaliaq and Kiviuq, supporting that the moons formed during a break up of a bigger body.

Other websites 
 David Jewitt pages
 Scott Sheppard pages

Saturn's moons
Tarqeq (moon)

Tarqeq or Saturn LII (provisional designation S/2007 S 1) is a moon of Saturn. Its discovery was announced by Scott S. Sheppard, David C. Jewitt, Jan Kleyna, and Brian G. Marsden on April 13, 2007, from observations taken between January 5, 2006 and March 22, 2007.

The semi-major axis of Tarqeq is 17,910,000 km and it orbits Saturn in 894.86 days. The orbit is at an inclination of 49.90° (to the ecliptic; 49.77°to Saturn's equator), with an eccentricity of 0.1081. The diameter of the moon is 7 km. It is a member of the Inuit group of non-spherical moons.

Tarqeq is named after Tarqeq, the Inuit moon god.

Saturn's moons
Brunswick, Georgia

Brunswick is a city in the U.S. state of Georgia and the county seat of Glynn County. In 2006, the city had an estimated population of 16,074 and an estimated metropolitan population of 100,613. Brunswick is the principal city of the Brunswick, GA Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is often called Metropolitan Brunswick.

References

Other websites
 City of Brunswick website
 Brunswick CVB
 The Brunswick News
 Downtown Development District
 Sidney Lanier
 Sidney Lanier Bridge 
 Coastal Georgia Community College
 Historical markers in Glynn County 
 Liberty ship marker and model 
 Master list of Liberty ships
 History of Brunswick
 "Welcome Ships for Victory" Photograph collection at the Brunswick-Glynn County Library that depict World War II cargo ship building activities from 1943 to 1945.

Cities in Georgia (U.S. state)
County seats in Georgia
Cocoa Beach, Florida

Cocoa Beach is a city in Brevard County, Florida, United States. The population was 12,482 at the 2000 census. According to the U.S Census estimates of 2005, the city had a population of 12,435. .

References

Other websites
 City of Cocoa Beach 
 Thousand Islands
 

Cities in Florida
Santee River

The Santee River is a river of South Carolina in the United States, 143 mi (230 km long). The Santee and its tributaries give the main drainage and navigation for the central coastal plain of South Carolina, emptying into the Atlantic Ocean about 440 mi (710 km) from its farthest headwater on the Catawba River in North Carolina. Much of the upper river is in the expansive horn-shaped Lake Marion reservoir.  The reservoir is made by the 8 mi (13 km) long Santee Dam.  The dam was built during the 1930s as a WPA project to give a major source of hydroelectric power for the state.

Other websites
 South Carolina Dept. of Health and Environmental Control: Santee Basin
 Santee Nation History
 Santee Cooper Lake System 
 Old Santee Canal Park 
 Carolina Living: History of the Carolina Lakes
 Santee Canal (PDF)

Rivers of South Carolina
Federal Emergency Management Agency

The Federal Emergency Management Agency, or FEMA, is an agency of the United States Department of Homeland Security. The purpose of FEMA (begun by Presidential Order on March 30, 1979)

is to coordinate the response to a disaster which has occurred in the United States and which overwhelms the resources of local and state authorities.  The governor of the state in which the disaster occurred must declare a state of emergency and formally request from the President that FEMA and the federal government respond to the disaster. The only exception is when an emergency or disaster occurs on federal property or to a federal asset, for example, the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, in the 1995 bombing, or the Space Shuttle Columbia in the 2003 return-flight disaster.

References

Other websites
 DHS organization 
 FEMA Field Operations Guide  Including descriptions of markings on evacuated and searched buildings
 FEMA website
 A History of FEMA

Natural disasters
United States government agencies
Tropical Depression Ten (2005)

Tropical Depression Ten was the tenth tropical cyclone of the 2005 Atlantic hurricane season. The depression formed on August 13 from a tropical wave that entered the Atlantic Ocean on August 8. Because of strong wind shear, the depression stayed weak and did not strengthen much. The cyclone itself had no effect on land and did not cause any damage. It mostly died out on August 14, but its remains later helped to form another storm, Hurricane Katrina. Katrina became one of the worst hurricanes in the history of the United States.

Storm history 
The tropical depression began as a tropical wave that entered the Atlantic Ocean on August 8, 2005. The wave moved west and began to show signs of becoming stronger on August 11. The system formed into Tropical Depression Ten at 12:00 UTC on August 13. At the time, it was about  to the east of Barbados. When the storm was first called a tropical depression, it had a large area of thunderstorms, with curved rainbands.

The depression slowly moved west, and wind shear stopped the storm from becoming much stronger. Late on August 13, a weather forecaster said that it was "beginning to look like Irene-junior". They said this because it was mid-level shear happening in the storm towards the southwest "beneath the otherwise favorable upper-level outflow pattern". This means that the storm looked similar to Hurricane Irene.

Early on August 14, the wind shear tore apart the storm. The center of the storm separated from the thunderstorm areas. Later that day, the cyclone became even weaker. The National Hurricane Center gave their final warning on Tropical Depression Ten, and the storm mostly disappeared. However, its remains produced a few bursts of thunderstorm activity for several days, before completely stopping on August 18.

Energy left over from Tropical Depression Ten helped to form Tropical Depression Twelve over the southeastern Bahamas on August 23. Normally, if a depression disappears and forms again, it keeps the same number. However, the formation of Tropical Depression Twelve involved other weather systems, including another tropical wave. Tropical Depression Twelve later became Hurricane Katrina.

Impact 
Tropical Depression Ten did not hit land. Because of this, no tropical cyclone watches and warnings were given out. It did not damage anything or cause any people's deaths, and no ships reported strong winds. Also the depression never became a tropical storm, so it was not given a name by the National Hurricane Center. 

After the depression mostly died, part of its remains contributed to the formation of Tropical Depression Twelve, which later intensified into Hurricane Katrina. Katrina later became a Category 5 hurricane and reached the land in Louisiana, where it caused much damage, becoming one of the worst hurricanes in the history of the United States.

Related pages
 2005 Atlantic hurricane season
 Storm history of Hurricane Katrina

Notes

References

Other websites 

 Tropical Depression Ten Tropical Cyclone Report
 The NHC's archive on Tropical Depression Ten

2005 Atlantic hurricane season
Tropical depressions
August events
Utahraptor

Utahraptor was a large mid-Cretaceous dromaeosaurid predator with 9-15 inch middle-toe claws. 

It was a fast-moving, agile, bipedal (walked on two legs), bird-like dinosaur. It had a curved, flexible neck and a big head. Sharp, serrated teeth were set into very powerful jaws. Each of its three fingers on each arm had large, sharp, curved claw.

It had four-toed feet; the second toe had a 9-15 inch (23-38 cm) sickle-like claw and the other toes had smaller claws. Its long tail had bony rods running along the spine giving it rigidity; the tail was used for balance and fast turning ability. 

It had a relatively large brain and large, keen, eyes. Utahraptor was 16-23 feet (5-7 m) long and may have weighed about .5 ton.

Dromaeosauridae
Albertosaurus

Albertosaurus was a relative of Tyrannosaurus. Albertosaurus was smaller than T. rex and lived a few million years earlier. Albertosaurus walked on two legs and had a large head with sharp, saw-toothed teeth. It had two-fingered hands on short arms. Its long tail provided balance and quick turning. It had powerful back legs with clawed, three-toed feet.

It was about 30 feet (9 m) long, about 11 feet (3.4 m) tall at the hips, and up to 3 tons in weight (averaging roughly 2500 kg). The lower jaw of Albertosaurus had from 14 and 16 teeth; the upper jaw had 17-19 teeth. It had one row of teeth in each jaw but had at least one replacement tooth growing up from under each tooth.

Albertosaurus was more lightly built than Tyrannosaurus, and therefore  probably a faster mover in open spaces.

Tyrannosaurids
Michael Clarke

Michael John Clarke (born 2 April, 1981 in Liverpool, Sydney, New South Wales) is the former captain of the Australian cricket team. He is nicknamed 'Pup' or 'Clarkey', he is a right-handed batsman, highly-regarded fielder and occasional left-arm orthodox spin bowler. He captained the Australian team to a 5-0 whitewash in the 2013 Ashes series.

Australian cricketers
Sportspeople from Sydney
1981 births
Living people
S/2004 S 13

S/2004 S 13 is a moon of Saturn. Its discovery was announced by Scott S. Sheppard, David C. Jewitt, Jan Kleyna, and Brian G. Marsden on May 4, 2005, from observations taken between December 12, 2004, and March 9, 2005.

S/2004 S 13 is about 6 kilometres in diameter, and orbits Saturn at an average distance of 18,056,000 km in 905.848 days, at an inclination of 167° to the ecliptic (143° to Saturn's equator), with an eccentricity of 0.261.

References 
 Institute for Astronomy Saturn Satellite Data
 Jewitt's New Satellites of Saturn page
 IAUC 8523: New Satellites of Saturn 2005 May 4 (discovery)
 MPEC 2005-J13: Twelve New Satellites of Saturn 2005 May 3 (discovery and ephemeris)

Saturn's moons
Greip (moon)

Greip or Saturn LI (provisional designation S/2006 S 4) is a moon of Saturn. Its discovery was announced by Scott S. Sheppard, David C. Jewitt, Jan Kleyna, and Brian G. Marsden on June 26, 2006, from observations taken between January 5 and May 1, 2006.

Greip is about 6 kilometres in diameter, and orbits Saturn at an average distance of 18,066,000 km in 906.556 days, at an inclination of 172.7° to the ecliptic (159.2° to Saturn's equator), and with an eccentricity of 0.3735.

It is named after Greip, a giantess (female giant) in Norse mythology.

References 
 Institute for Astronomy Saturn Satellite Data
 IAUC 8727: Satellites of Saturn 2006 June 30 (discovery)
 MPEC 2006-M45: Eight New Satellites of Saturn 2006 June 26 (discovery and ephemeris)
 IAUC 8873: Satellites of Saturn (subscription-only) 2007 September 20 (naming)

Saturn's moons
Hyrrokkin (moon)

Hyrrokkin or Saturn XLIV (provisional designation S/2004 S 19) is a moon of Saturn. Its discovery was announced by Scott S. Sheppard, David C. Jewitt, Jan Kleyna, and Brian G. Marsden on June 26, 2006, from observations taken between December 12, 2004, and April 30, 2006.

Hyrrokkin is about 8 kilometres in diameter, and orbits Saturn at an average distance of 18,168,300 km in 914.292 days, at an inclination of 153.3° to the ecliptic (154.3° to Saturn's equator), with an eccentricity of 0.3604.

It was named in April 2007 after Hyrrokkin, a giantess (female giant) from Norse mythology, who launched Hringhorni, Baldr's funeral ship. It was originally listed as being spelled Hyrokkin, but the spelling was later corrected.

References 
 Institute for Astronomy Saturn Satellite Data
 IAUC 8727: Satellites of Saturn 2006 June 30 (discovery)
 MPEC 2006-M44: S/2004 S 19 2006 June 26 (discovery and ephemeris)
 IAUC 8826: Satellites of Jupiter and Saturn (subscription-only) 2007 April 5 (Naming the moon)
 IAUC 8860: Saturn XLIV (Hyrrokkin) (subscription-only) 2007 July 31 (correcting the name)

Saturn's moons
Jarnsaxa (moon)

Jarnsaxa or Saturn L (provisional designation S/2006 S 6) is a moon of Saturn. Its discovery was announced by Scott S. Sheppard, David C. Jewitt, Jan Kleyna, and Brian G. Marsden on June 26, 2006, from images taken between January 5 and April 29, 2006.

Jarnsaxa is about  in diameter, and orbits Saturn at an average distance of  in 943.784 days, at an inclination of 162.9° to the ecliptic (164.1° to Saturn's equator), with an eccentricity of 0.1918. It is a member of the Norse group of non-spherical moons.

It is named after Járnsaxa, a giantess (female giant) in Norse mythology.

References
 Institute for Astronomy Saturn Satellite Data
 IAUC 8727: Satellites of Saturn  2006 June 30 (discovery)
 MPEC 2006-M45: Eight New Satellites of Saturn 2006 June 26 (discovery and ephemeris)
 MPEC 2007-D79: S/2006 S 6 2007 February 28 (recovery)
 IAUC 8873: Satellites of Saturn (subscription-only) 2007 September 20 (naming)

Saturn's moons
Tarvos (moon)

Tarvos or Saturn XXI is a non-spherical moon of Saturn. It was found by John J. Kavelaars, et al. on September 23, 2000, and given the designation S/2000 S 4. The name, given in August 2003, is after Tarvos from Gaulish mythology.

Tarvos orbits Saturn at an average distance of 18 million km in 926 days and is about 15 km in diameter (assuming an albedo of 0.04).

It is a member of the Gallic group of non-spherical moons.

Sharing similar orbit and displaying similar light-red colour, Tarvos is thought to have been formed in a break-up of a bigger body or to be a piece of Albiorix.

Other websites 
 David Jewitt pages

Saturn's moons
1450

1450 was a common year in the 15th century.

Events 
 May 8 – Kentishmen revolt against King Henry VI.
 June 18 – rebels are driven from London by loyal troops, bringing about the collapse of the rebellion.
 Wolves enter Paris and kill 40 citizens
 Age of Discovery starts.
 A revolt ends Mayapan's rule over all of the Yucatán.

Births 
 Bartolomeu Dias, Portuguese explorer (d. 1500)
Product (business)

A product is something that is made (produced) and often something that is sold.

In economics, things that one person has and another person wants are called goods. If the thing was made by people, then it is called a product. If it is something that was found in nature, it is called a natural resource.

In marketing, it is an object made for people's use and it satisfies the need of a customer. 

In retail, products are often connected with merchandise, and in manufacturing, products are some materials to create final goods.

Classification 
Products are often connected with services but they are described and used in different ways. 

Products are classified:

By use 
The system of dividing products on departments. For example, retailer Sears, Roebuck and Company created several groups of his products. It helps customers to choose the product by its function.

By association 
A product line is "a group of products that are closely related". There are many product lines for various types of using. For example, within the insurance industry, product lines are divided by the type of risk coverage, such as auto insurance, commercial insurance and life insurance.

Other 
There are also national and international classifications. They can be used by different organizations. For example, the European Union uses a "Classification of Products by Activity". The United Nations classifies products for making reports of international economic activity.

Related pages
Service
Finished goods

References 

Economics
Yippee

Yippee is a 2006 documentary movie created by Jewish-American director Paul Mazursky. The movie follows a Jewish pilgrimage to the town of Uman in the Ukraine on Rosh Hashanah, the Jewish New Year. The city is the burial site of the founder of Bratslav Hasidism, Rabbi Nachman.

Other websites 
Haaretz.com - Hollywood director films Jewish pilgrimage to the Ukraine 

Judaism
2006 movies
Documentary movies
English-language movies
Movies directed by Paul Mazursky