cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Ricardo Anaya

Ricardo Anaya Cortes (Spanish: [ɾiˈkaɾðo anˈaʝa koɾˈtes]; born 25 February 1979) is a Mexican lawyer and politician. He is a member and former president of the centre-right National Action Party (PAN).

Career 
He held the position of National President of the National Action Party until 9 December 2017, when he resigned to run in the 2018 presidential election for the PAN party in political coalition. Anaya scored second behind Andrés Manuel López Obrador in the election results.

References

Other websites
 Official website of Ricardo Anaya Cortés

1979 births
Living people
Mexican lawyers
Presidents of the Chamber of Deputies (Mexico)
José Antonio Meade

José Antonio Meade Kuribreña (; born 27 February 1969) is a Mexican politician, economist, lawyer, and diplomat. He served as Secretary of Foreign Affairs, Secretary of Social Development, Secretary of Energy and twice as Secretary of Finance and Public Credit. 

On 27 November 2017, he resigned his post as Secretary of Finance and Public Credit in order to run for President of Mexico as a candidate of the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) in the 2018 presidential election.

References

1969 births
Living people
Mexican lawyers
Diplomats
Mexican economists
Politicians from Mexico City
Jaime Rodríguez Calderón

Jaime Heliodoro Rodríguez Calderón (born 28 December 1957) is a Mexican politician. He was Governor of the northern state of Nuevo León. He is the first independent candidate to have won a governorship in Mexico. He served as mayor of García, Nuevo León (2009–2012) as a member of the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI)

Rodríguez ran as an Independent candidate for President of Mexico in the 2018 presidential race.

References

Other websites
 Official website 

1957 births
Living people
Mexican politicians
National Regeneration Movement

The National Regeneration Movement (, MORENA) is a left-wing political party in Mexico. 

It was formally registered as a political party in 2014, it was led by three-time presidential candidate Andrés Manuel López Obrador until 12 December 2017, when he registered himself as a candidate for the party's nomination, and was succeeded by Yeidckol Polevnsky Gurwitz.

References

Political parties in Mexico
Grey Cup

The Grey Cup is the trophy awarded to the champion of the Canadian Football League, and also the name of the championship game.  It is played each November.  It was first awarded in 1909.  The Toronto Argonauts have won the trophy the most number of times.

1909 establishments in North America
Sports trophies and awards
Canadian football
National Action Party (Mexico)

The National Action Party (, PAN), founded in 1939. It is one of the three big political parties in Mexico. It has been an important political party winning local, state, and national elections. It is the most conservative party.

In 2000, PAN candidate Vicente Fox was elected President for a six-year term; in 2006, PAN candidate Felipe Calderón replaced Fox in presidency. During the period 2000-2012, both houses of the legislature had PAN pluralities, but the party did not have a majority in either house of the Congress. 

In the 2006 legislative elections the party won 207 out of 500 seats in the Chamber of Deputies and 52 out of 128 Senators. In the 2012 Legislative Elections, the PAN won 38 seats in the Senate, and 114 seats in the Chamber of Deputies.

References

1930s establishments in Mexico
1939 establishments
Political parties in Mexico
Fraser River

The Fraser River is a major river in western Canada.  It flows from the Rocky Mountains to the Pacific Ocean through British Columbia.  It is the tenth longest river in Canada and the longest in British Columbia. It travels nearly 1400 km.

References 
Rivers of Canada
Seven Nation Army

"Seven Nation Army" (also stylized as "7 Nation Army") is a song by American rock duo the White Stripes. It was released as the lead single from their fourth studio album, Elephant, in March 2003, and reached number one on the Alternative Songs chart for three weeks in a row. It won the Grammy Award for Best Rock Song.

Following a speech by Jeremy Corbyn at Wirral Live music festival in May 2017, supporters in the audience began to chant Corbyn's name to the tune of the song's riff. This was repeated on several times in the run-up to the British general election 2017, and afterwards at the 2017 Glastonbury Festival, where Corbyn appeared on the Pyramid stage.

References

2003 songs
Rock songs
Grammy Award winning songs
Institutional Revolutionary Party

The Institutional Revolutionary Party  (, PRI) is a Socialist-leaning political party in Mexico founded in 1929. It held power in the country for 71 years from 1929 to 2000, first as the National Revolutionary Party (, PNR), then as the Party of the Mexican Revolution (, PRM), and finally renaming itself as the Institutional Revolutionary Party in 1946.

The current President Enrique Peña Nieto is a member of PRI. Former presidents under PRI include: Pascual Ortiz Rubio, Lázaro Cárdenas, Adolfo López Mateos, Gustavo Díaz Ordaz, Luis Echeverría Álvarez, José López Portillo, Miguel de la Madrid, Carlos Salinas de Gortari and Ernesto Zedillo.

Other websites
Mexican Democracy’s Lost Years — New York Times

1920s establishments in Mexico
1929 establishments in North America
Political parties in Mexico
Amber Lee Connors

Amber Lee Connors (born April 9, 1991) is an American voice actress, casting and voice director and script writer. She has provided voices for English dubbed Japanese anime and video games. Connors was born in Cleveland, Ohio, but raised in Dallas, Texas.

Connors is perhaps best known for proving her voice for Chica and other characters in the Five Night's at Freddy's series beginning in FNaF World and later in Five Nights at Freddy's: Sister Location and Ultimate Custom Night. She is also known for her role as Nozomi in Keijo!!!.

Connors endorsed U.S. Senator Bernie Sanders in the 2016 U.S. presidential election.

References

Other websites
 
 

1991 births
Living people
American voice actors
American screenwriters
American video game actors
American television actors
American movie actors
Actors from Cleveland, Ohio
Actors from Dallas, Texas
Writers from Ohio
Writers from Texas
Virginia, Minnesota

Virginia is a city in Saint Louis County, Minnesota, United States. It is on the Mesabi Iron Range. The population was 8,712 at the 2010 census. It is relatively small, but is still one of the most dangerous cities in Minnesota when measured by the number of violent and property crimes compared to the number of people.

References

Cities in Minnesota
Cal 3

Cal 3 (also called Proposition 9) is a halted 2018 voter initiative to split California into three states. It was introduced by Tim Draper. If it passed, California would not be immediately split. The U.S. Congress would need to approve.

Supporters of the split said the state is too large to govern efficiently, and those against said the split is a waste of time and resources.

The initiative was taken off of the ballot in July 2018 by the Supreme Court of California. Tim Draper called the decision "corrupt."

Analysis 

California is currently a stronghold for the Democratic Party. If the state were to split in three, Southern California could become a swing state. Splitting the state would also create 4 more Senate seats. The Republicans would not want all those 4 extra seats to go to the Democrats.

All three potential states voted for the Democratic nominee in the 2016 presidential election.

Polls

References 

2018 California elections
Drover (company)

Drover is a London based company that provides vehicle subscriptions Users pay a fee for the right to use a car with insurance, maintenance, tax, MOT and breakdown coverage. The can change vehicles during the subscription or to cancel their subscriptions.

History 
Drover was founded in late 2015 by Felix Leuschner,. Previously, he was CEO of a fashion platform Sylistpick and virtual goods market Gamegoods, and Matt Varughese. They had seen that most of the efforts in changing mobility had been focused on how to get from A to B and that very little had been done around car ownership itself.

In March, 2018 Drover got £5.5m from investors including BP Ventures, Partech Ventures and Cherry Ventures. This was on top of a £2m pre-seed investment.

In April 2018, Drover partnered with BMW Group to provide BMW and Mini vehicles to their users.

Service 
Drover does not own any cars. it provides for vehicle subscriptions. Users pay a monthly fee for a car. This includes insurance, breakdown coverage, maintenance tax and MOT. There are no long term commitments. This lets users change cars and upgrade, downgrade or cancel their subscriptions. Felix Leuschner, CEO, says that by providing a better way of doing things , Drover will be able to improve the typical car purchasing experience.

References 

British transport companies
Bergün Filisur

Bergün Filisur is a new municipality of the district Albula in the canton of Graubünden in Switzerland.  On 1 January 2018 the former municipalities of Bergün/Bravuogn and Filisur merged to form the new municipality of Bergün Filisur.

References 

Municipalities of Graubünden
2010s establishments in Switzerland
2018 establishments in Europe
Vicosoprano

Vicosoprano is a former municipality of the district Maloja in the Swiss canton of Graubünden, and is the largest village in the Val Bregaglia. It is part of the municipality of Bregaglia.

Former municipalities of Graubünden
Bregaglia

Bregaglia () is a municipality of the district of Maloja in the canton of Graubünden in Switzerland. It was formed by the 2010 merger of the municipalities of Bondo, Castasegna, Soglio, Stampa and Vicosoprano, all in the Val Bregaglia.

Municipalities of Graubünden
2010 establishments in Switzerland
S-chanf

S-chanf (; ; ) is a municipality of the district of Maloja in the canton of Graubünden in Switzerland.

References

Other websites 

 http://www.s-chanf.ch
 

Municipalities of Graubünden
Sils im Engadin/Segl

Sils im Engadin/Segl (; Romansh ), often also as Sils i.E./Segl, is a municipality and village in the Upper Engadine in the Swiss canton of the Graubünden. It is found of the district of Maloja.

The municipality has two villages Segl Maria (Romansh, ; Seglias is part of Segl Maria) and Segl Baselgia (German: Sils Baselgia; Baselgia is Romansh for church), the Val Fex (German: Fextal), and the three Maiensässe Grevasalvas, Blaunca and Buaira above Plaun da Lej on the left side of the valley.

References

Other websites 

Official website of the tourist office
Official website of the municipality
Website for the Corvatsch-Furtschellas lift system (in German)

Municipalities of Graubünden
Sils (disambiguation)

Sils can mean:

Sils, Girona, a municipality in the comarca of Selva in Catalonia, Spain
Sils im Engadin/Segl, a municipality in the Upper Engadine in the Graubünden, Switzerland
Lake Sils, a lake in the Upper Engadine in the Graubünden, Switzerland
Sils im Domleschg, a municipality in the Graubünden, Switzerland
Ross, California

Ross is a small incorporated town in Marin County, California, United States, just north of San Francisco. It is about  west-southwest of San Rafael. The population was 2,415 at the 2010 census. The town is bordered by Kentfield and Greenbrae to the east, Larkspur to the south and San Anselmo to the north.

Ross is named in honor of James Ross, who bought Rancho Punta de Quentin in 1859.

References

Other websites 
 Town of Ross

1908 establishments in California
Towns in California
Settlements in Marin County, California
Cities in the San Francisco Bay Area
Nadine Trintignant

Nadine Trintignant (born 11 November 1934) is a French movie director, producer, editor, screenwriter, and novelist. She is known for her movies Ça n'arrive qu'aux autres and L'été prochain. Her movie Mon amour, mon amour was nominated for the Palme d'Or at the 1967 Cannes Film Festival.

References

Other websites

1934 births
Living people
French movie directors
French movie producers
French screenwriters
French novelists
Editors
People from Nice
Bill Watrous

William Russell Watrous III (June 8, 1939 – July 2, 2018) was an American jazz trombonist. He was best known for his version of Sammy Nestico's arrangement of the Johnny Mandel ballad "A Time for Love," which he recorded on a 1993 album of the same name.  

In 1971, he played with the jazz fusion group Ten Wheel Drive. Also in the 1970s, Watrous formed his own band, The Manhattan Wildlife Refuge Big Band, which recorded two albums for Columbia Records. The band was later renamed Refuge West when Watrous moved to southern California.

Watrous died in Los Angeles, California on July 2, 2018 at the age of 79.

References

Other websites

1939 births
2018 deaths
American jazz musicians
American trombonists
Musicians from Connecticut
Musicians from Los Angeles
Richard Swift (singer-songwriter)

Richard Swift (March 16, 1977 – July 3, 2018) was an American singer-songwriter, musician and producer. He was the founder, owner, and recording engineer of National Freedom, a recording studio located in Oregon. He worked as producer for such acts as The Shins, Damien Jurado, David Bazan, Foxygen, Jessie Baylin, Nathaniel Rateliff, The Mynabirds, Wake Owl,  Laetitia Sadier of Stereolab, Gardens & Villa, Cayucas, and Guster.

Swift was a former member of indie rock band The Shins and The Arcs. In April 2014, Richard announced via Twitter that he had joined The Black Keys as their touring bassist and backing singer.

In June 2018, Swift was hospitalized in Tacoma, Washington with a "life-threatening illness". He died on July 3, 2018 from hepatitis caused by his alcoholism, aged 41.

References

1977 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from hepatitis
American record producers
American singer-songwriters
Singers from California
Musicians from California
Writers from California
David Durenberger

David Ferdinand Durenberger (born August 19, 1934) is an American politician. He was born in St. Cloud, Minnesota. He served as a Republican member of the U.S. Senate from Minnesota from November 8, 1978 to January 3, 1995.

Durenberger endorsed former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton for the 2016 presidential election.

References

Other websites
 

1934 births
Living people
United States senators from Minnesota
US Republican Party politicians
People from St. Cloud, Minnesota
Dennis DeConcini

Dennis Webster DeConcini  (born May 8, 1937) is an American lawyer, philanthropist, politician. He served as the Democratic U.S. Senator from Arizona from 1977 until his retirement in 1995. He was replaced by Jon Kyl. DeConcini was born in Tucson, Arizona.

In February 1995 DeConcini was appointed by President Bill Clinton to the Board of Directors of the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (Freddie Mac), where he served until May 1999.

DeConcini is a member of the Board of Directors of the International Centre for Missing & Exploited Children (ICMEC), a global nonprofit organization that combats child sexual exploitation, child pornography, and child abduction.

References

Other websites

 Speaking about President Carter and Senate on KJZZ Radio 
 
 Parry, Romani, DeConcini & Symms
 Deconcini Mcdonald Law Firm
 Deconcini on Panama Canal
 Book Award
 DeCONCINI & Warner
 DeConcini Backs Senator Obama

1937 births
Living people
United States senators from Arizona
American philanthropists
Lawyers from Tucson, Arizona
American political writers
Writers from Tucson, Arizona
Politicians from Tucson, Arizona
US Democratic Party politicians
Ethiopian birr

The birr () is the unit of currency in Ethiopia.

Currency of Africa
Ethiopia
Puma (brand)

PUMA AG is a German multinational company. The company designs and manufactures athletic and casual footwear, apparel and accessories.The headquarter is in Herzogenaurach, Bavaria, Germany.

Puma is the third largest sportswear manufacturer in the world.

The logo of Puma is puma jumping through the title or just jumping. 

It is estimated that Puma employs about 14,606 people worldwide and distributes its products in more than 120 countries.

References 

1920s establishments in Germany
1924 establishments in Europe
Companies of Germany
Clothing companies
Bavaria
Munevera Zulfikarpašić

Munevera Zulfikarpašić, born Gavrankapetanović (19181999), was a distinguished Bosnian and Sarajevan master of pharmacy. She was born in Ljubuški and died in Sarajevo.

She was:
the first academically educated Bosniak woman with the degree of Master of Pharmacy
among the first Bosnian-Herzegovinian pharmacists certified for the preparation of galenic preparations, and
 the first Bosniak woman with active participation in international scientific and expert conferences in the field of pharmacy.

Munevera Zulfikarpašić finished elementary and high schools in Sarajevo and graduated from the Faculty of Pharmacy at University of Zagreb, 1942. The Pharmacy Exam passed in 1948, when she was promoted to "Pharmacy Health at the Level of master of pharmacy".

Related pages
Pharmacy

References

People from Sarajevo
1918 births
1999 deaths
Pharmacists
Military base

A military base is where a country keeps its armed forces. It could be an air base, an army base, or a navy base. It could be inside its home country, in a different, friendly country, or in a country being invaded or occupied.

Naming 
The name used generally refers to the type of military that uses the base.

A military base may go different names, such as the following:

 Armory
 Arsenal
 Barracks
 Casern
 Combat outpost (COP)
 DoDAAC
 Facility
 Fire support base (FSB, FB)
 Forward Operating Base (FOB)
 Fortification
 Garrison
 Installation
 Joint base
 Magazine
 Main Operating Base (MOB)
 Marine Corps base
 Military airbase, airfield or field
 Military camp
 Naval air station
 Naval base
 Naval dockyard
 Outpost (OP)
 Presidio
 Proving ground
 Reservation
 Shipyard or yard
 Station

References

Military
J.Crew

J.Crew is an American clothing and accessories retailer based in New York City. It was founded in 1983.

1980s establishments in New York (state)
1983 establishments in the United States
American clothing companies
Companies based in New York City
Georgia Aquarium

The Georgia Aquarium is an aquarium in Atlanta, Georgia in the United States.  It is one of the largest aquariums in the world, and has thousands of species in about ten million gallons of water. The animals there include sharks, Beluga whales, dolphins and manta rays.

2005 establishments in the United States
Aquariums
Buildings and structures in Atlanta, Georgia
Tom Holland

Thomas Stanley Holland (born 1 June 1996) is an English actor and dancer. He is best known for playing Spider-Man in the Marvel Cinematic Universe movies, Captain America: Civil War (2016), Spider-Man: Homecoming (2017), Avengers: Infinity War (2018), Avengers: Endgame (2019), and Spider-Man: Far From Home (2019). He also stared in the famous musical Billie Elliot (2008) And most recently Cherry (2020) Chaos Walking (2020) and Spider-Man: No Way Home (2021). He was cast to play the character Nathan Drake in the upcoming movie Uncharted (2022), based on the video game series of the same name.

Holland was diagnosed with dyslexia in 2003.

Early life 
Holland was born at Kingston Hospital in Kingston upon Thames, He is son of Dominic Holland and Niki Holland, His mother is photographer and his father may be Comedian and Author, He has three younger brothers: Harry, Sam, and Patrick (Paddy). He was bullied in school for being a dancer.

He studied Nifty Feet Dance School on his childhood, He is started to dance from his school group at the 2006 Richmond Dance Festival, where he was spotted by choreographer Lynne Page, an associate to Peter Darling, choreographer of Billy Elliot and Billy Elliot the Musical. And than studies at Donhead Preparatory School in Wimbledon, London and Wimbledon College,  BRIT School and Carpentry school in Cardiff .

Personal life 
Tom Holland lives in Southwest London. Has a dog named Tessa and is curently dating Marvel co-star Zendaya.

References

Other websites
 Tom Holland at Curtis Brown Literary and Talent Agency
 
 
 The Brothers Trust
 Works by or about Tom Holland in libraries (WorldCat catalogue)

BAFTA Award winning actors
Saturn Award winners
1997 births
Living people
English movie actors
English stage actors
English voice actors
English child actors
English dancers
Actors from London
Gun language

Gun language () is a language in the Gbe languages group. It is spoken by the Gun people in Benin and Nigeria. This language is close to Fon, as well as to Agbome, Kpase, Maxi and Weme (Ouémé) languages. It is the second most spoken language of Benin. It is used in some schools in the Ouémé Department of Benin.

It is mainly spoken in south Benin in Porto-Novo, Sème, Bonou, Adjara, Avrankou, Dangbo, Missérété, Akpro-Missérété, Cotonou and other cities where Gun people live. Gun is also spoken by a minority of people in southwest Nigeria near the border with Benin.

References

Bibliography 

 
 

Languages of Benin
Bot

A bot is a computer program which acts automatically. It may do things that a person wouldn't normally do, or take a long time to do.  It is an automated or semi-automated tool or script. They may be simple, or advanced and complex:
Software agents acts for a user doing things which the user programs it for. Software agents which interact with people (such as chatbots) have features which make this possible, such as natural language processing.
More advanced agents:
Intelligent agents can use artificial intelligence.
Autonomous agents change the way they do things to achieve the same objectives. Also, there are multi-agent systems which can work together to get a result which could not be done by a single agent.
Mobile agents can move (relocate) their working to different processors.

Issues with bots 
Societies are going through a rapid learning process at present. The freedom of bots to mine data is challenged. By mining data is meant collecting information about use, and about users, so as to advance some commercial or other purpose. In the European Union, for example, bots must now ask for permission to mine data from users. Before, they could collect any data they liked from users inorder to promote the welfare of the companies that used them.

There is a Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases. It is a directive of the European Union in the field of copyright law, made under the Treaty of Rome. The need to protect the data of users is a more recent development. 

Data mining is certain to be extremely important in the future. On Wikipedia the use of bots is frequent (see link above), but the use of data mining is minimal.

References 

Software
Aphorism

An aphorism is a memorable saying. It often contains a surprising truth. Most aphorisms are quite short, but not all:

Ars longa, vita brevis (Art is long but life is short). Hippocrates' opening to his work on medicine.
To do nothing is sometimes a good remedy. Hippocrates.
The various modes of worship, which prevailed in the Roman world, were all considered by the people, as equally true; by the philosopher, as equally false; and by the magistrate, as equally useful. Edward Gibbon, "The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire", volume 1, chapter 1.
"Power tends to corrupt, and absolute power corrupts absolutely". Lord Acton (John Dalby-Acton, 1st Baron Acton), in The history of freedom in antiquity (1877).

Our virtues are most frequently but vices in disguise. ("Nos vertus ne sont, le plus souvent, que de vices déguisés".)  Francois de La Rochefoucauld. Reflections; or Sentences and Moral Maxims (1665–1678)
We are all in the gutter, but some of us are looking at the stars. Oscar Wilde, in Lady Windermere's Fan (1892).
Fool, nothing is impossible in Russia but reform. Oscar Wilde, in Vera; or, The Nihilists (1880).
All is flux, and You cannot step into the same river twice. Both quoted by Plato in his Cratylus, and both were remarks of Heraclitus. But Plato's version was not quite the same. The first was All entities move and nothing remains still.

Phrases
Literary terms
Henri Dirickx

Hendrik Paul "Rie" Diricx (7 July 1927 – 4 July 2018) was a Belgian football player. He was born in Duffel.

Dirickx played for Union Saint-Gilloise. He earned a total of 30 caps for Belgium between 1952 and 1960. He was part at the 1954 FIFA World Cup.

Dirickx died on 4 July 2018, three days shy of his 91st birthday.

References 

1927 births
2018 deaths
Belgian footballers
People from Antwerp (province)
Parson's Cause

The "Parson's Cause" was a legal and political dispute in the Colony of Virginia. Many people think it was an  important event leading up to the American Revolution. The case was about the payment of clergy of the Anglican Church in Virginia.  At the time, a lot of tobacco was planted in Virginia. It was one of the commodity crops of the colony.  The colony of Virginia had passed laws in  1748: These laws said that  Virginia's Anglican clergy were to be paid 16,000 pounds of tobacco per year. 

The problem was that the harvest of tobacco was poor in 1758. Because of that, the price of tobacco in Virginia rose from from two to six pennies per pound. This also meant the salary of clergy effectively tripled, that year. The state of Virginia was forced to act, and passed a law called the Two Pennies Act: This law allowed the state authorities to pay the clergy in currency, instead of tobacco. It also fixed the exchange rate of tobacco: it said that for these payments, the state should take a rate of two  pennies per pound of tobacco.  King George III of Great Britain vetoed the law, causing an uproar in the colony.  Many Virginia legislators saw the king's veto as a breach of their legislative authority.

Colonel John Henry, father of Patrick Henry, was the judge who presided over the court case and jury that decided the issue.  Patrick Henry was the person who argued in favor of colonial rights in the case. He was relatively unknown at the time.

The Reverend James Maury had sued in Hanover County Court (April 1, 1762) for back wages on behalf of all the ministers involved: he effectively became a representative of the British cause.  The court ruled (Nov. 5, 1763) that Maury's claim was valid, but that a jury had to determine the amount of damages. This jury was called for in December  1763. Patrick Henry rose to prominence by defending Hanover County against Maury's claims. Henry argued in favor of the Two Penny Act.  As reported by the plaintiff Maury in a letter (Dec. 12, 1763) to fellow Anglican minister John Camm shortly after the trial, Henry argued in substance "that a King, by disallowing Acts of this salutary nature, from being the father of his people, degenerated into a Tyrant and forfeits all right to his subjects' obedience."

The jury awarded Maury one penny in damages. The award essentially nullified the Crown veto, and no other clergy sued.

The Hanover County Courthouse is still operating; historic U.S. Route 301 passes by it. The courthouse is next to the Hanover Tavern, where Patrick Henry lived while arguing the Parson's Cause. It is the third oldest courthouse still in use in the United States.  The state historic office dates the building's construction between 1737 and 1742.

References 

History of Virginia
Hans Hürlimann

Hans Hürlimann (6 April 1918 –22 February 1994) was a Swiss politician. He was a member of the Swiss Federal Council (1974-1982).

He was elected to the Federal Council of Switzerland on 5 December 1973. He served until 31 December 1982 when Alphons Egli took office. He was a member of the Christian Democratic People's Party of Switzerland.

During his office time he held the Federal Department of Home Affairs and was President of the Confederation in 1979.

Other websites 
 
 

1918 births
1994 deaths
Presidents of the Swiss Confederation
Canton of Zug
France (disambiguation)

France is a country in Europe.

France may also refer to:

 "La France", a single released by the Dutch pop group BZN.
 La France (rose), an hybrid tea rose developed in 1867 by Jean-Baptiste Guillot.

Transport 

 La France (airship), a dirigible built by Arthur Constantin Krebs and Charles Renard in 1884.
 SS France (1871), an ocean liner.
 SS France (1912), an ocean liner.
 SS France (1961), an ocean liner later renamed SS Norway.
 Anatole France (Paris Métro), a station of the Paris Métro.

Radio 

 Radio France, the French public service radio broadcaster.
 France Bleu, France Culture, France Info, France Inter and France Musique, five public radio stations belonging to Radio France.
 Radio France Internationale, a French public radio network.

Television 

 France Télévisions, a French public national television broadcaster.
 France 2, France 3, France 4 and France 5, four French public television networks.
 France Ô, a satellite channel featuring programming from all the France's overseas departments and territories around the world.
 France 24, a French satellite and cable TV news channel.

People 
In French-speaking countries, France may also be a woman's first name:

 France Gall, French pop singer
 France Gélinas, Canadian politician

On rarer occasions, it may also be a surname:

 Anatole France, nom de plume of French writer .
 Cécile de France, a Belgian actress
 C.V. France, English actor

Other uses 

 Fils de France
 Île-de-France
1946–47 Chicago Stags season

The Chicago Stags were a team competing in the BBA in 1946, which became the National Basketball Association in 1950. They made the NBA finals that year, losing to the Philadelphia Warriors.

National Basketball Association seasons
Jagmeet Singh

Jagmeet Singh Dhaliwal  (born January 2, 1979) is a Canadian politician and lawyer. He is the leader of the New Democratic Party of Canada right now. He became the leader in 2017. He used to be a Member of Provincial Parliament (MPP) in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 2011 to 2017. He represented the electoral district of Bramalea—Gore—Malton.

After the leadership election, he became the first person of a visible minority to become the permanent leader of a major federal political party.

Biography 
Jagmeet Singh was born on January 2, 1979 in Scarborough, Ontario. His parents were Harmeet Kaur and Jagtaran Singh, who both came from the state of Punjab in India. He started his career as a criminal defense lawyer.

Singh was first elected in the 2011 Ontario provincial election. He represented the ONDP. In 2015, he became the Deputy Leader of the Ontario New Democrats under Andrea Horwath until 2017.

Singh announced he would run for leadership of the federal New Democratic Party of Canada to replace Tom Mulcair which he won. He did not have a seat in the House of Commons until March 2019. This was when he won a seat in Burnaby South, British Columbia in a by-election.

Political views
Singh has branded himself a progressive and a social democrat. Singh supports LGBTQ rights.

References

Other websites
 
 

1979 births
Living people
Politicians from Toronto
Members of the House of Commons of Canada from British Columbia
Ohio Fireworks Derecho

The Ohio Fireworks Derecho was a severed wind storm that happened on July 4, 1969. The storm started in southeast Michigan and entered northwestern Ohio near the Toledo area and moved into the Sandusky and Cleveland areas also western Pennyslvania, including the Pittsburgh area before ending at midnight near the borders of Pennyslvania, West Virginia, and Maryland.

Weather events
Brad Dye

Brad J. Dye, Jr. (December 20, 1933 – July 1, 2018) was an American politician. He was born in Charleston, Mississippi. Dye served three 4-year terms as 27th Lieutenant Governor of Mississippi from 1980 until 1992. He served under William Winter, William Allain and Ray Mabus. Dye was a member of the  Democratic Party.

Dye died of respiratory failure on July 1, 2018 in Ridgeland, Mississippi at the age of 84.

References

Other websites
 Oral History Project
 

1933 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from respiratory failure
Lieutenant Governors of Mississippi
US Democratic Party politicians
Ray Mabus

Raymond Edwin Mabus Jr. (born October 11, 1948) is an American politician and diplomat. He is a member of the Democratic Party. 

Mabus served as the 75th United States Secretary of the Navy from 2009 to 2017. Mabus also served as the State Auditor of Mississippi from 1984 to 1988, as the 60th Governor of Mississippi from 1988 to 1992 and as the United States Ambassador to Saudi Arabia from 1994 to 1996.

In 2012, he appeared in the movie Battleship as the Commanding Officer of USS Ronald Reagan.

Other websites
United States Navy bio page
Mississippi Historical Society biography

C-SPAN Q&A interview with Mabus, February 5, 2012

1948 births
Living people
Governors of Mississippi
United States Secretaries of the Navy
Ambassadors of the United States
Harvard University alumni
US Democratic Party politicians
Bukalapak

Bukalapak online marketplace in Indonesia, owned and run by PT. Bukalapak.

History 
Bukalapak was founded by Achmad Zaky in early 2010 as a digital agency division named Suitmedia, based in Jakarta. However, Bukalapak has only been a Limited Liability Company (PT) in September 2011 and is managed by management led by Achmad Zaky as CEO (Chief Executive Office) and Nugroho Herucahyono as CTO (Chief Technology Officer).

Users 
In one day, Bukalapak visited more than 2 million visits. Until now, Bukalapak has 7 million sold by users (as of December 2015) and is in position 11 major sites in Indonesia based on Alexa.

References
Dick Feagler

Richard Feagler (July 29, 1938 – July 1, 2018) was an American journalist, playwright and television personality. He was born in Cleveland, Ohio. He entered journalism in 1963, writing obituaries for the Cleveland Press. In 1970 Feagler started a regular feature column that continued until the Press closed in 1982. He won a Peabody Award in 1991. He was the host of Feagler & Friends, a weekly half-hour discussion program on WVIZ until 2013.

Feagler died July 1, 2018 in Cleveland, Ohio, aged 79.

References

Other websites

Queer high for a straight guy 
Plain Dealer column archive 
Feagler & Friends
Feagler, Dick. "Christmas at Aunt Ida's." 1993. Rpt. 21 Dec. 2007.

1938 births
2018 deaths
American columnists
American playwrights
American television personalities
American radio personalities
Writers from Cleveland, Ohio
Gordon Hillman

Gordon Hillman (29 July 1943 – 1 July 2018) was a British archaeobotanist. He worked as Professor in Archaeobotany (Palaeoethnobotany) at the Institute of Archaeology, University College London.

He was awarded the Distinguished Economic Botanist award by the Society for Economic Botany in 2004.

Hillman died on 1 July 2018 in London of complications from Parkinson's disease, aged 74.

References

Other websites
 Full bibliography
 Wild Plant Foods of Britain by Gordon Hillman

1943 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from Parkinson's disease
Disease-related deaths in London
British botanists
British educators
British archaeologists
Patrick Finnegan

Patrick Finnegan (September 20, 1949 – July 2, 2018) was a United States Army Brigadier General. He served as president of Longwood University from 2010 to 2012. Finnegan served 39 years in the U.S. Army, retiring in 2010 after serving as the 12th Dean of the Academic Board at the U.S. Military Academy. He was born in Fukuoka, Japan, but raised in Baltimore, Maryland.

Finnegan died in Farmville, Virginia on July 2, 2018 from a heart attack, aged 68.

References

Other websites
Patrick Finnegan's Facebook page

1949 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Cardiovascular disease deaths in Virginia
American generals
Educators from Baltimore
Lawyers from Baltimore
Ángel Roberto Seifart

Ángel Roberto Seifart (12 September 1941 – 2 July 2018) was a Paraguayan politician. He was a member of the Colorado Party. He was born in Asunción, Paraguay.

Seifart was minister of education in the military government of Andrés Rodríguez. In 1993, he was elected Vice President of Paraguay as running mate of Juan Carlos Wasmosy for the period from 15 August 1993 to 15 August 1998 and also a minister in the cabinet of Raúl Cubas Grau.

Seifart died in Asunción on 2 July 2018 from complications of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, aged 76.

References

1941 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from COPD
Judges
Vice presidents
People from Asunción
Mario Abdo Benítez

Mario Abdo Benítez (born 10 November 1971) is a Paraguayan politician. He served as president of the Senate of Paraguay. Abdo Benítez is the 51st President of Paraguay since 15 August 2018.

References

Other websites
 Official campaign website 
Biography by CIDOB (in Spanish)

Living people
1971 births
Presidents of Paraguay
Current national leaders
People from Asunción
Juan Carlos Wasmosy

Juan Carlos Wasmosy Monti (born December 15, 1938) is a Paraguayan politician. He was the President of Paraguay from August 15, 1993 until August 15, 1998. He was a member of the Colorado Party, and the country's first civilian president in 39 years.

In 2002, Wasmosy was convicted of defrauding the Paraguayan state and was himself sentenced to four years in prison. The sentence was later appealed.

References

Other websites
WASMOSY, Juan Carlos International Who's Who. accessed September 3, 2006.
Biography by CIDOB

1938 births
Living people
People from Asunción
Presidents of Paraguay
Engineers
Georges-Emmanuel Clancier

Georges-Emmanuel Clancier (3 May 1914 – 4 July 2018) was a French poet, novelist, and journalist. He won the Prix Goncourt (poetry), the Grand Prize of the Académie française, and the grand prize of the Société des gens de lettres.

From 1955 to 1970, he worked in Paris as secretary general of the programming committees of Radiodiffusion-Télévision Française, (which later became the ORTF). In 1956 he published Le Pain noir, a series of novels in which he told, until 1961.

He was President of the PEN of France from 1976 to 1979, where he worked in the defense of writers threatened, detained, deported or exiled. In 1980 he was Vice-President of the French Commission for UNESCO, in 1987 Vice President of International PEN, and chairman of the House of Writers which was founded in 1986 to 1990. 

Clancier turned 100 in May 2014 and died on 4 July 2018 from pneumonia in Paris, aged 104.

References

1914 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from pneumonia
Disease-related deaths in Paris
French centenarians
French poets
French journalists
French novelists
President of Paraguay

The President of Paraguay () is according to the Constitution of Paraguay the head of the executive branch of the Government of Paraguay, both head of state and head of government.

The President is limited to a single five-year term. it was ultimately rejected.

The Presidential seat is the Palacio de los López, in Asunción. The Presidential residence is the Mburuvichá Roga, also in Asunción.

Once Presidents leave office, they are granted by the Constitution of Paraguay the speaking-but-non-voting position of Senator for life.

The current President of Paraguay is Mario Abdo Benítez, since 15 August 2018. He was elected in 2018.

List of heads of state of Paraguay (1811–present)

Non-presidential heads of state (1811–1844)

Presidents (1844–present)

Living former presidents
There are seven living former presidents. The most recent former president to die was Alfredo Stroessner (1963–1989), on 16 August 2006.

Notes

References
Raúl Cubas Grau

Raúl Alberto Cubas Grau (born August 23, 1943 in Asunción) is a Paraguayan politician. He served as the President of Paraguay from 1998 until 1999.

References

Other websites
Cecila Cubas body found – MSNBC
 Biography by CIDOB

1943 births
Living people
Presidents of Paraguay
Engineers
People from Asunción
Luis Ángel González Macchi

Luis Ángel González Macchi (born December 13, 1947) is a Paraguayan politician. He was the President of Paraguay from 1999 until 2003.

On December 4, 2006, González Macchi was sentenced to eight years in prison for fraud and embezzlement. The sentence was appealed.

References

Other websites
 Biography by CIDOB

1947 births
Living people
People from Asunción
Presidents of Paraguay
Lawyers
Nicanor Duarte

Óscar Nicanor Duarte Frutos (born 11 October 1956) is a Paraguayan politician. He served as President of Paraguay from 2003 to 2008.

Nicanor Duarte announced his resignation as president, in order to assume a position as Senator on 1 July 2008. He presented his resignation on 23 June 2008 to the President of the Congress of Paraguay, Senator Miguel Abdón Saguier.

References

Other websites
 Biography by CIDOB

1956 births
Living people
Lawyers
Presidents of Paraguay
Fernando Lugo

Fernando Armindo Lugo Méndez (; born 30 May 1951) is a Paraguayan politician. He was President of Paraguay from 2008 to 2012. He was a Roman Catholic priest and bishop, serving as Bishop of the Diocese of San Pedro from 1994 to 2005.

In 2012, he was removed from office through an impeachment process, which some people believed it was a coup d'état. He was elected to the Senate of Paraguay in the 2013 general elections.

In August 2010, Lugo was diagnosed with non-Hodgkin lymphoma. He continued his duties as president of Paraguay while undergoing treatment.

References

Other websites
 Fernando Lugo profile at CatholicHierarchy website
 27 February 2007 New York Times article on Lugo's possible candidacy
 22 February 2007 article on Lugo from Worldpress.org
 30 December 2006 Daily (Maybe) blog on background to Lugo's presidential bid
 Lugo Wins Election at AP
 18 April 2008 article on Lugo and Paraguay elections from The Christian Science Monitor
 "Rise of the Red Bishop", The Guardian Weekly, 14 August 2008
Biography by CIDOB

1951 births
Living people
Bishops
Roman Catholics
Presidents of Paraguay
People with cancer
Federico Franco

Luis Federico Franco Gómez (born 24 July 1962) is a Paraguayan politician. He was President of Paraguay from June 2012 until August 2013. He is a member of the Authentic Radical Liberal Party (PLRA). He was elected as Vice President of Paraguay in the 2008 presidential election as the running mate of Fernando Lugo. He took office in August 2008.

Following Lugo's impeachment by the Senate on 22 June 2012, he replaced Lugo as President to complete the presidential mandate until 15 August 2013.

References

1962 births
Living people
Vice presidents
Surgeons
People from Asunción
Presidents of Paraguay
President of Uruguay

The President of the Oriental Republic of Uruguay () is the head of state and head of government of Uruguay. The President of the Republic is the Commander in Chief of the Armed forces. The President is elected direct popular election for a term of five years.  He may be reelected any number of times, but is ineligible for immediate reelection. 

Since 1990, the President's term has begun and ended on March 1. The current President is Luis Alberto Lacalle Pou.

Living former presidents
There are three living former presidents. The most recent former president to die was Tabaré Vázquez (2005–2010, 2015–2020), on 6 December 2020.

Other websites
Politics Data Bank at the Social Sciences School – Universidad de la República (Uruguay)
Luis Alberto Lacalle

Luis Alberto Lacalle de Herrera, GCMG, (, known as Cuqui (born July 13, 1941) is a Uruguayan lawyer and politician. He served as President of Uruguay from 1990 to 1995.

In August 1978 Lacalle was sent three bottles of wine tainted with poison  The case remains unsolved.

His son is Luis Alberto Lacalle Pou, the 42nd President.

References

1941 births
Living people
People from Montevideo
Presidents of Uruguay
Knights Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George
Aquatic locomotion

Aquatic locomotion is animals and other organisms moving through water. The surface of the world is mostly covered with water, and all major animal phyla started life in the water.

The earliest fossils we have are those of stromatolites, which are mat-like structures formed by photosynthetic bacteria in the sea. Even animals which evolved on land have often returned to the water, even though they usually continue to breath air. There are aquatic insects, reptiles, mammals and birds.

We don't quite know when the first animals and plants evolved, but some guesstimates have been made. Acritarchs are present from about 3200 to 1400 million years ago to the present. That's a wide time-range which means we cannot be sure when they evolved. They seem to have been grazed (eaten) by some early forms of life. Probably some kind of protist developed using existing life forms as food.

Locomotion is needed to find the right place in the seas, and to eat and avoid being eaten. All advanced forms of life, and many primitive forms of life, use locomotion.

Propulsion systems

Microorganisms 
The simplest propulsive systems evolved in microorganisms. Cilia and flagella are used.

Swimming has evolved a number of times in more complex life-forms. Examples include arthropods, fish, molluscs, reptiles, birds, and mammals.

Ciliates have hundreds or thousands of small flagella called cilia to move through the water. Certain organisms such as bacteria and animal sperm have a flagellum to move in liquid environments.

Invertebrates 
All aquatic invertebrates swim at some stage in their lives, and many swim for their entire life. All jellyfish swim by pulsing their cup-shaped bodies. Crustaceans swim with their legs. Some molluscs swim all their lives, some only as larvae.

Squid and octopods swim quite vigorously by 'jet propulsion'. They squirt water out to move.

There are a very large number of insects which are aquatic as larvae or adults. Almost all use their legs for swimming. They are air-breathing, and carry air with them as they swim. The air they get from the surface of the water, and take it down with them. Usually, the air is trapped among dense hairs on their surfaces. 13 orders of insects have aquatic stages, including all mayflies and dragonflies, and many beetles, bugs, and flies.

Vertebrates 
[to come]

References 

Anthropology
Church of North India

The Church of North India (CNI) is a major Protestant denomination in northern India. It is a united church established on 29 November 1970 by bringing together the main Protestant churches working in northern India; it is a province of the worldwide Anglican Communion. It is one of the three successors of the Church of England in South Asia, the others being the Church of Pakistan and the Church of South India. The merger resulted from discussions begun in 1929; it came eventually between the Church of India, Pakistan, Burma and Ceylon (Anglican), the United Church of Northern India (Congregationalist and Presbyterian), the Baptist Churches of Northern India (British Baptists), the Church of the Brethren in India, which withdrew in 2006, the Methodist Church (British and Australian Conferences) and the Disciples of Christ denominations.

The CNI's jurisdiction covers all states of the Republic of India with the exception of the four states in the south (Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu) and has approximately 1,250,000 members (0.1% of India's population) in 3,000 pastorates.

References 

Protestant denominations
Religion in India
Habib Bourguiba

Habib Ben Ali Bourguiba ( al-Ḥabīb Būrqībah; 3 August 1903 – 6 April 2000) was a Tunisian lawyer, nationalist leader and statesman.

Bourguiba served as the country's leader from independence in 1956 to 1987. He first served as the second Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Tunisia before proclaiming the Tunisian Republic in 1957 and thus becoming the first President of Tunisia.

Before to that, he played a major role in obtaining independence from France, ending the 75 years old protectorate and earning the title of "Supreme Combatant".

References

1903 births
2000 deaths
Presidents of Tunisia
Prime Ministers of Tunisia
Speakers of the Assembly of the Representatives of the People
Former dictators
Honorary Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath