cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
RAR

In computing, RAR is a archival file format that allows data compression, error recovery, and file spanning.  It was created by Eugene Roshal (that is why it is named RAR: Roshal ARchive) and is now licensed to Win.RAR GmbH.

RAR File Archiver Software 
The following is an example of file archiver software by platforms. For a comprehensive list see Comparison of file archivers.

Windows 
 Read/Write: WinRAR
 Read-only: 7-Zip, BitZipper, IZArc, PeaZip, RarZilla, Zipeg, free unrar, non-free unrar

Linux 
 Read/Write: RAR
 Read-only: free unrar, non-free unrar, PeaZip, p7zip's rar29.so

Mac OS X 
 Read/Write: RAR (command line), SimplyRAR
 Read-only: RAR Expander, Stuffit Expander, UnRarX, Zipeg, free unrar, non-free unrar

DOS 
 RAR, non-free unrar

OS/2 
 RAR, non-free unrar

FreeBSD 
 Read/Write: rar, Ark (as frontend to rar)
 Read Only: 7-Zip, free unrar, non-free unrar

References 

Computer file formats
WinRAR

WinRAR (a.k.a. RAR) is a shareware file archiver and data compression program created by Eugene Roshal. Many people think that it is one of the three most used File Archiver for Windows, together with WinZip and 7-Zip. It is one of the few programs that can create RAR archives, because the encoding method is proprietary, or it means they own it and nobody else can use it.

Developer 
The current developer is Eugene Roshal, while his brother Alexander Roshal is helping with the business.

Other websites 
 RARlab WinRAR website (win-rar.com)
 RARlab main website (rarlab.com)
 WinRAR older versions - All of the old versions from version 1.54 to the latest one.

Microsoft Windows software
Changthang

Changthang means Northern Plateau in Tibetan.  It is a high altitude plateau in western and northern Tibet.  It goes from Ladakh east about 1600km to the Chinese state called Qinghai.  It is a very high land with giant lakes.  It is the home of the Changpa nomads.

The part of Changthang in Ladakh (in India) has a population of 10,089 (2000 WCD). It is found in Jammu and Kashmir, around the Chinese border area of Changthang Region east and southeast of Leh. Changthang is known for its music and dance. It also has many important animals such as sheep (cashmere wool) and goats.

Geography of Kashmir
Chilisso language

Chilisso is an Indo-European Kohistani language spoken in Pakistan. It is also called Galos or Chiliss.

References

Other websites 
Chilisso at the Probert Encyclopaedia 

Dardic languages
Languages of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Balochi language

Balochi (also called Baluchi, Baloci or Baluci) is a Northwestern Iranic language. It is the main language of the Baloch of Balochistan, Pakistan, eastern Iran and southern Afghanistan. It is also spoken as a second language by some Brahui. It is one of nine official languages of Pakistan.

Dialects 
Balochi has several dialects. The Ethnologue lists three dialects: Balochi, Eastern, Balochi, Northern, Balochi, Southern and Balochi, Western while the Encyclopædia Iranica (from Elfenbein) lists six dialects: Rakhshani (subdialects: Kalati, Panjguri and Sarhaddi), Saravani, Lashari, Kechi, Coastal Dialects, and Eastern Hill Balochi.

Northern Balochi dialects are settled north of Iranian Balochistan and Golestān Province of Iran, north of Nimruz Province in Afghanistan and north Chagai District of Balochistan and north of Sindh in Pakistan. Northern Balochi dialects are similar to northern Rakhshani and southern Makkorani dialects.

Related pages
Languages of Pakistan
Languages of Iran
Languages of Afghanistan

References

Iranian languages
Languages of Pakistan
Languages of Afghanistan
Jadgal

The Jadgal people are a tribe which live in Pakistan and Iran. The Jadgal people speak the Jadgali language. The population of Jadgal people living in Pakistan was at about 100,000 in 1998. Jadgal people are mostly Muslim.

Iranian people
Kutchi language

Kachchi is a language and is spoken in regions such as Rann of Kutch, Sindh; Karachi, Pakistan. Over 50,000 people spoke it in 1998.

References

Other websites

 Kutchi Language Online
 Ethnologue report on Kutchi
 Gujarāti script, used to write Kutchi

Indo-Aryan languages
Languages of Pakistan
Querétaro

Querétaro is a state of Mexico.

The word Querétaro dates back to pre-Hispanic times. Some of the people who arrived in the area now occupied by the state gave it different names based on its geographic features. The Tarascans of Michoacán called the spot now known as La Cañada, Crettaro or Queréndaro, which means the place of the crags; they probably gave it this name because there is lots of pink stone there. The Otomíes called it Mxei, which means the place where the ballgame is played. It was also called Ndamaxei, which means the great ballcourt; the Aztecs named it Tlaxco, which has the same meaning. Finally, the Chichimecs called this spot Xico, which also means great ballcourt in their language; it received this name because the La Cañada area is shaped like an enormous pre-Hispanic ballcourt.

References

 
States of Mexico
Fatima Jinnah

Fatima Jinnah (31 July 1893 – 9 July 1967) was a Pakistani dental surgeon, writer, stateswoman and one of the founders of Pakistan. She was the younger sister of Muhammad Ali Jinnah who became the first Governor General of Pakistan. 

She was a strong critic of the British Raj, and a leading member of the All-India Muslim League. She advocated the separation of Pakistan as an independent state when the Raj ended.

After the independence of Pakistan, Jinnah co-founded the All Pakistan Women's Association, which helped settle the migrants in the new country. After the death of her brother, she was a prominent philanthropist, but was not politically active until 1965. Then she took part in the Pakistani presidential election against the  military Dictator Ayub Khan. She lost the primary because of election rigging by the Pakistan Army.

Her legacy is her support for civil rights, her struggle in Pakistan Movement and her devotion to her brother. Many institutions and public spaces have been named in her honour.

References 

1893 births
1967 deaths
Pakistani people
Pakistani culture
National symbols of Pakistan
Campeche

Campeche is a state in the south-east of Mexico. Its capital is also called Campeche. About 750,000 people live in Campeche.

 
States of Mexico
1940–41 NHL season

The 1940–41 NHL season was the 24th season of the National Hockey League. Seven teams each played 48 games. The Boston Bruins were the Stanley Cup winners as they beat the Detroit Red Wings four games to none in the final series.

Regular season

Final standings
Note: GP = Games played, W = Wins, L = Losses, T = Ties, Pts = Points, GF = Goals for, GA = Goals against, PIM = Penalties in minutes

Note: Teams that qualified for the playoffs are highlighted in bold

Scoring leaders
Note: GP = Games played, G = Goals, A = Assists, PTS = Points, PIM = Penalties in minutes

Stanley Cup playoffs

Playoff bracket

NHL awards

All-Star teams

First games
The following is a list of players of note who played their first NHL game in 1940–41 (listed with their first team, stars(*) mark start in playoffs):
Max Bentley, Chicago Black Hawks
John Mariucci, Chicago Black Hawks
Joe Carveth, Detroit Red Wings
Elmer Lach, Montreal Canadiens
Ken Reardon, Montreal Canadiens
John Quilty, Montreal Canadiens
Chuck Rayner, New York Americans
Bill Juzda, New York Rangers

Last games
The following is a list of players of note that played their last game in the NHL in 1940–41 (listed with their last team):
Paul Haynes, Montreal Canadiens
Georges Mantha, Montreal Canadiens
Hooley Smith, New York Americans
Charlie Conacher, New York Americans
Dave Kerr, New York Rangers

References

Hockey Database
NHL.com

1940
1941 in North America
1940s in North America
Khetrani language

Khetrani is an Indo-Aryan language. It is spoken in northeast Balochistan province (Pakistan). About 4,000 people speak it. It is member of Lahnda group. It is related to Saraiki and to Sindhi. The literacy rate for native speakers is below 1% and below 5% for those speaking it as a second language.

References

Languages of Pakistan
Indo-Aryan languages
Balochistan (Pakistan)
Ladakhi

Population 102,000 in Jammu and Kashmir (1997). Population includes 29,800 to 33,300 Shamma (Voegelin and Voegelin 1977.328). Population total all countries: 114,000. 

Region Maqbuza Kashmir, Ladakh District, 250 villages and hamlets. Also spoken in China. 
Alternate names   Ladaphi, Ladhakhi, Ladak, Ladwags 

Dialects Leh (Central Ladakhi), Shamma (Sham, Shamskat, Lower Ladakhi), Nubra Ladakhi. Perhaps 30% to 40% intelligibility of Tibetan. Leh is used as the medium of communication. Leh speakers understand Zangskari and Changthang at more than 90% on recorded text tests. Not known if speakers of all dialects understand Leh well. Leh is in Leh and surrounding areas. Shamma is west of Leh along the Indus Valley and to the south of Khaltse. Nubra is in Nubra Tahsil north of Leh. Lexical similarity 71% to 83% with Purik, 53% to 60% with Tibetan, 84% to 94% among 5 main dialects. 

Classification Sino-Tibetan, Tibeto-Burman, Himalayish, Tibeto-Kanauri, Tibetic, Tibetan, Western, Ladakhi 
Language use All ages. Many speakers in urban areas use Urdu, or English, but rural speakers are mainly monolingual in Ladakhi. 
Language development Literacy rate in second language: Men: 36%, women: 12% in Urdu, Tibetan, or English (1991). Tibetan script. Grammar. Bible: 1948. 
Comments Written Ladakhi is distinct from the spoken forms. The dialect of Leh has been acknowledged as standard spoken Ladakhi. It is the medium of Leh radio broadcasts and the standard medium of communication among all Ladakh dialects, including Changthang and Zangskari (Paldan 2002). SOV; postpositions; genitives, relatives before noun heads; articles, adjectives numerals after noun heads; suffixes indicate case of noun phrase; ergative; causatives; comparative; CCVCC or CCCVV maximum; nontonal. Mountain valleys. 2,400 to 5,000 meters. Agriculturalists: wheat, barley; pastoralists: yaks, goats, sheep (cashmere wool); cottage industries: weaving, jewelry making, religious artifact production. Buddhist, Muslim, Christian.

Also spoken in China 
Language name   Ladakhi 
Population 12,000 in China (1995). 
Region Western Tibet. 
Alternate names   Ladaphi, Ladhakhi, Ladak, Ladwags 
Dialects Leh (Central Ladakhi), Shamma (Sham, Shamskat, Lower Ladakhi), Nubra Ladakhi. 
Comments Part of the Tibetan nationality. Mountain valleys. 2,400 to 5,000 meters. Agriculturalists: wheat, barley; pastoralists: yaks, goats, sheep (cashmere wool). Buddhist (Lamaist).

Sino-Tibetan languages
Norco (medication)

Norco is a medicine to help with pain.  It is a mixture of two medicines- hydrocodone and acetaminophen.

Analgesics
Sunspot

A sunspot is an area of high magnetic activity, on the surface of the Sun. Sunspots produce bright light, but not as much as the surface around them, so they appear dark by comparison. They are cooler than the rest of the sun. Some are small, and some are ten times bigger than Earth. 

A sunspot cycle of eleven years has been found, with changes in activity. Every 11 years the number of sunspots increases, and later declines. Sunspots on one cycle are magnetically different from the next, so the total sunspot cycle is 22 years. This cycle has been seen since the 18th century. Before that time, for over a hundred years, there were very few sunspots. Astronomers do not know what caused this "Maunder Minimum".

History

Chinese astronomers said they could see sunspots. On 17 March 802 the monk Adelmus saw a big sunspot, which he could see for eight days. Adelmus thought that Mercury was going in front of the Sun and making a black spot. When astronomers started using telescopes, most agreed that something was passing in front of the Sun. Galileo Galilei in 1612 guessed that there were actual spots on the Sun and that they showed that the Sun was turning.

The first cyclic changes of sunspots was seen by Heinrich Schwabe, and made Rudolf Wolf study them carefully, starting in 1848. Also in 1848, Joseph Henry showed a picture of the Sun and made sure that sunspots were cooler than the rest of the Sun (they are about 7000 degrees Fahrenheit, 4000 C). They are still very hot, but much cooler than the rest of the Sun's surface.

Effect on Earth 
Sunspots are cooler than the rest of the Sun.  But many scientists think that when there are many sunspots, the Sun actually gets hotter.  This affects the weather here on Earth, and also radio reception.  If this is true, then without sunspots, the Earth might become cooler.  In the same way, if there were more sunspots, the Earth might become hotter, and there could be less rain.  This would make more droughts on the Earth.  Droughts are a long time with no rain.  Without rain, crops that people eat would not grow.  Scientists study sunspots and other solar phenomena, so they can know what they do to Earth.  The temperature of a sunspot is 4780°K.  This is cold when compared to other areas on the surface of sun.

References

Other websites 
 "Sunspots" at Exploratorium
 Sunspot data at NASA Online

Weather
Sun
Astrophysics
Emergency exit

An emergency exit in a building is an exit for emergencies, such as a fire.
Emergency exits can be found in a number of places such as buildings, planes, schools, or anywhere else where there may be a large number of people in a small space.

Other websites 
Information on fire exit signs in Britain
OSHA definitions of proper emergency exits

Safety
Crystal radio

A crystal radio, sometimes called a crystal set, is a very simple AM (or rarely FM) radio receiver, that does not need batteries to work. A long wire antenna gathers enough of the radio signals from nearby transmitters to power a crystal diode, which demodulates the signals, and plays them as sound through an earphone or small headset. 

Crystal radios have come and gone many times in history. They were built in the early days of radio broadcasting by amateurs, and people who could not afford a well-made radio. They became popular again during the Great Depression, when money was scarce. During World War II, American soldiers built "foxhole radios" that used a razor blade and pencil point instead of a crystal. (German and Italian troops had equipment to detect normal superheterodyne radio receivers working, so an alternate choice was a wise one.)

After the war ended, amateurs built more crystal sets, and children began to make them as science and hobby projects. Later during the Vietnam War prisoners of war again built simple radios, and soldiers used Slinky springs as antennas.

Hobby clubs still exist, that give information to persons who want to build a crystal radio or similar radio project.

Other websites 
 Stay Tuned
 Xtal Set Society
 Foxhole Radio article at Bizarre Stuff 

Radio receivers
Hobbies
Bengali Language Movement

The Bengali Language Movement (also called the Language Movement) were protests by people living in Bangladesh, which was part of Pakistan during that time. The people living in Bangladesh  started protesting because they did not like that the government of Pakistan made Urdu the official language, which they did not speak. The government responded to the protests by making meetings outside illegally . At the height of the movement on 21 February 1952, police killed students that were protesting. The Shaheed Minar was a monument built to honor these students.

Bengali did become an official language on 29 February 1956. This day is celebrated by Bangladesh as Language Movement Day.

History of Pakistan
Languages of Bangladesh
March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom

The March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom was a rally held on the National Mall in Washington, D.C. on 28 August 1963. It was where Martin Luther King, Jr gave his famous I Have a Dream speech. After the march, the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the National Voting Rights Act of 1965 were passed. There were over 200,000 people there, both black and white.

Organization and planning 
The march was first planned by A. Philip Randolph, who was the president of the Negro American Labor Council, and vice president of the AFL-CIO. He had planned another civil rights march in 1941, but it never happened. However, the threat of the march was a big reason why President Roosevelt wrote Executive Order 8802. This forced equal opportunity in the defense industry, which meant that all workers had to be treated the same, no matter what their race was.

Other leaders of civil rights movement helped Randolph plan the march and spread the word to their members. Some of the most important were James Farmer, (president of the Congress of Racial Equality), John Lewis (president of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee), Martin Luther King, Jr. (president of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference), Roy Wilkins (president of the NAACP), and Whitney Young (president of the National Urban League)..

Protection 
Many people were worried for the marchers' safety.  Black nationalist leader Malcolm X sent an open telegram to George Lincoln Rockwell, the leader of the Nazi Party in the United States.  Malcolm wrote:

The Washington DC Police department looked for black police officers from around the country to protect King during the march and speeches. They thought the presence of black officers would be more calming if trouble broke out.

References

Other websites 
 Official program for the March on Washington
 Witnesses to History, 50 Years Later

1960s in Washington, D.C.
Martin Luther King Jr.
1963 in the United States
August events
Bobcat

The bobcat (Lynx rufus) is a fierce cat that lives in forests, swamps, mountains, prairie, and deserts in much of North America. Bobcats are generally nocturnal (most active at night), but are most active at dawn and dusk. They spend the day in their den (a cave, hollow log or rock crevice). They are very good climbers and swimmers. Bobcats usually live from 10 to 14 years. Bobcats and lynxes are closely related.

Description 
The Bobcat has powerful jaws and long, pointed canine teeth. It has sharp, retractable claws, big short ears, and a spotted coat. Many bobcats have long tufts of hair at the tip of the ears that improve the cat's hearing. The brown eyes have round pupils. These graceful cats are from 24 to 40 inches (60–100 cm) long (including the tail). The stubby tail is only 4 to 7 inches (10–18 cm) long, and looks as though it was cut off (or bobbed). This is what this cat is named for. They are nocturnal (active at night) and elusive so they are rarely seen by humans.

Diet 
Bobcats are carnivores (meat-eaters). These fast, solitary hunters eat small mammals (like rabbits, hares, rodents, weasels and even deer), birds, fish, and eggs. Bobcats stalk their prey, and then pounce onto it. They can leap up to 10 feet (3 m). They can often kill their prey in one powerful bite.

References 

Felines
Mammals of North America
Emergency medical technician

An emergency medical technician (EMT) is someone who works on an ambulance and takes care of sick and hurt people. EMTs used to be called "ambulance drivers," since much of their work is bringing people to an emergency room. Their other main duty is first aid including:
 Doing cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and give electric shocks to a person's chest if their heart is beating in a way that could kill them
 Giving oxygen (or force oxygen into a person's lungs) if they stop breathing or are not breathing well enough to survive
 Inserting a breathing tube down someone's windpipe to help them breathe better. 
 Stopping hemorrhaging (bleeding so bad that it will kill a person if not stopped)
 Treating burns 
 Treat very bad physical trauma (injuries)
 Helping people who are pregnant give birth
 Treating broken bones, dislocated joints, sprains, and wounds

In the United States 
In the United States, each state decides what their EMTs can do. EMTs in every state are allowed to perform first aid. Each state has different rules for exactly what their EMTs can do. These rules are called treatment protocols. For example:
 In Massachusetts, EMTs can give medicines to treat heart attacks, breathing emergencies (like asthma attacks), anaphylaxis, very low blood sugar, and overdoses on opiates like heroin and oxycodone.
 In New Hampshire, EMTs are allowed to place a rescue airway in a patient who cannot breathe.  This means they will place a tube down the patient's throat, then force oxygen into the lungs through the tube.

Related pages 
 Emergency medical services in the United Kingdom

References

Other websites 
National EMS Memorial Service

Healthcare occupations
Kuru (disease)

Kuru is a disease caused by cannibalism, formerly thought to be caused by specifically eating human brains, but is actually caused by eating any human meat. It is also known as the "laughing sickness" due to the pathologic bursts of laughter that the patient displays.

Kuru was found in Papua New Guinea, among members of the Fore tribe. The word kuru means "trembling with fear" in the Fore language.

References 

Neurology
Infectious diseases
Kuru, Finland

Kuru is a former municipality in the Pirkanmaa, Finland. As of 2005, there were 2,774 people living in Kuru.
Tampere is 50 km to the south.

Most of the Seitseminen National Park is in the municipality of Kuru.

Other websites 
Parkkuun kylä

Towns in Finland
Former municipalities of Finland
It Is Well with My Soul

It Is Well with My Soul

When peace like a river, attendeth my way,
When sorrows like sea billows roll;
Whatever my lot, Thou hast taught me to say,
It is well, it is well, with my soul.

Refrain:
It is well, with my soul,
It is well, with my soul,
It is well, it is well, with my soul.

Though Satan should buffet, though trials should come,
Let this blest assurance control,
That Christ has regarded my helpless estate,
And hath shed His own blood for my soul.

My sin, oh, the bliss of this glorious thought!
My sin, not in part but the whole,
Is nailed to the cross, and I bear it no more,
Praise the Lord, praise the Lord, O my soul!

And Lord, haste the day when my faith shall be sight,
The clouds be rolled back as a scroll;
The trump shall resound, and the Lord shall descend,
Even so, it is well with my soul.

Horatio Spafford

"It Is Well With My Soul" is a hymn written by hymn-writer Horatio Spafford and composed by Philip Bliss. Spafford wrote the song right after his four daughters died by the sinking of the S.S. Ville Du Havre.

Other websites 
The original Hymn written by Horatio Spafford

Christian hymns
Jackson Township, New Jersey

Jackson Township is a township in Ocean County, New Jersey, United States.  The Township of Jackson was named after Andrew Jackson.  About 43,000 people lived there as of the year 2002.

References

Other websites
Jackson Township website
Jackson Township Police 
Jackson Township Fire Co #1
Jackson Township First Aid Squad
Cassville Fire Co
Jackson Mills Fire Co
Whitesville Fire Company
Jackson School District 

School Data for the Jackson School District, National Center for Education Statistics
Jackson Branch of Ocean County Library
Map of Jackson, NJ
Jackson, NJ Community Pages

Townships in New Jersey
Ocean County, New Jersey
Jackson

Jackson may refer to:

Name 
 Jackson (name)

Place names

Australia 
 Jackson, Queensland

United States 
 Jackson, Alabama
 Jackson, California
 Jackson, Georgia
 Jackson, Kentucky
 Jackson, Louisiana
 Jackson, Maine
 Jackson, Michigan
 Jackson, Minnesota
 Jackson, Mississippi
 Jackson, Missouri
 Jackson, Nebraska
 Jackson, New Hampshire
 Jackson, New Jersey
 Jackson, New York
 Jackson, North Carolina
 Jackson, Ohio
 Jackson, Rhode Island
 Jackson, South Carolina
 Jackson, Tennessee
 Jackson, Wisconsin (disambiguation)
 Jackson, Wyoming

Train stations 
 Jackson (Amtrak station disambiguation)
 Jackson (CTA disambiguation), Chicago Transit Authority stations

Others 

 "Jackson" (song), about hot times in the city
 United States twenty-dollar bill, nicknamed for Andrew Jackson, who appears on the obverse side

Related pages 
 Jackson Guitars
 Jackson Structured Programming
 The Jackson Twins, a comic strip

Geography:
 Cities, towns and villages:
 Jackson Center, Ohio
 Jackson Center, Pennsylvania
 Jackson Junction, Iowa
 Lake Jackson, Texas
 Mount Jackson, Virginia
 Other geography:
 Jackson metropolitan area, of Jackson, Mississippi
 Jackson Township (disambiguation)
 Jackson County (disambiguation)
 Jackson Parish, Louisiana
Pistosaurus

Pistosaurus is a genus of marine sauropterygian reptiles. It is a Nothosaur, a relative of the plesiosaurs.

Pistosaurus was a advanced nothosaur-like body with a plesiosaur-like head. Is presently known only from the Middle Triassic. Even if it is a nothosaur it is acknowledged to be closely related to the ancestors of plesiosaurs.

The head also resembled that of a plesiosaur, but with the primitive palate of a nothosaur, and numerous, sharp teeth ideal for catching and eating fish.

Although it is unlikely that Pistosaurus was a direct ancestor of the plesiosaurs, the mixture of features suggests that it was closely related  to that group.

References 

Sauropterygia
Party

A party is a social gathering for celebration and recreation. Some are to celebrate a special day, person, or event.

Related pages
Celebration
Festival
White Nights Festival
Spring Festival

Parties
LNER Class A4

The LNER Class A4 was a type of steam locomotive made in England in 1935. It was designed by Sir Nigel Gresley for the London North Eastern Railway. 35 locomotives were built in total. 

They were designed to be very fast and had a very sleek shape. One of them, 4468 "Mallard", is the fastest steam locomotive ever made. It set a world speed record of 125 mph (201.16 km/h) on July 3, 1938.

Six A4s still exist today. The rest were scrapped when steam stopped being used to power trains in Britain.

Sources

Other websites

 LNER Encyclopedia Page covering the history and development of the LNER A4 Pacifics

Rail transport in the United Kingdom
Old Firm

The Old Firm is the name given to the relationship between two football teams in Scotland, Rangers F.C. and Celtic F.C.

Head to head record 

1888-1999 statistics obtained from RSSSF. Remaining stats obtained from Soccerbase

History 

The Old Firm have a lot of history, possibly dating back to around 1888, Celtic's first match, which was against Rangers, when a newspaper report stated that both sets of players "got on so well that you would believe that they were old firm friends." However, William J. Murray states that the term comes from the commercial benefits of the two clubs' rivalry, which were viewed with distaste in some parts in the early days of the game

The two clubs are the most successful in Scotland, having won between them 63 Scottish Cups and 93 Scottish Premier League championships (as of 2007). The two clubs normally compete four times a year in the SPL and are regularly drawn against each other in the two Scottish cup competitions.

The clubs' have large support bases around Glasgow, but also have supporters clubs in most towns throughout Scotland and in many cities around the world. The presence of Rangers and Celtic has been estimated to be worth £120 million to the Scottish economy.

The two clubs' fan bases have historically been divided on religious lines. Celtic are supported by Catholics, while Rangers are supported by Protestants.

Players 
There have been many high profile players to play for both sides of the Old Firm. The most recent players to do so are Kenny Miller, Maurice Johnston, Steven Pressley, Mark Brown and Barry Robson. Kenny Miller is the first player in the modern era to cross the Old Firm divide twice, having played for Rangers then Celtic, then moving back to Rangers.

References 

Football in Scotland
Gretna F.C.

Gretna Football Club is a former Scottish football club from Gretna, Dumfries and Galloway that was founded in 1946.

Despite being based in Scotland, the club played in English football between 1947 and 2002. The club was elected to the Scottish Football League at the third attempt in 2002. Under the ownership of businessman Brooks Mileson, who invested millions of pounds in what was a village team, the club went from the Third Division side to the Scottish Premier League (SPL) in less than five years.

While in the SPL, however, the club were placed in administration after Mileson withdrew his financial support. The club finished in the relegation position in the SPL. At the end of the season, all of the club's staff were made redundant and the club was initially relegated to the Third Division due to their inability to guarantee fulfilment of their 2008-09 fixtures. 

After this demotion, the one remaining potential buyer withdrew their offer to buy the club. In the belief that Gretna has ceased to exist, they resigned their place in the Scottish Football League on June 3.

References

Scottish football clubs
1946 establishments in Europe
1940s establishments in Scotland
Labour

Labor might mean:
Labour (economics)
Labour (constituency), a constituency in Hong Kong
Labor Day, a holiday in Canada and the United States
Childbirth, the process of a mother about to give birth

Political parties
Labour Party (UK), a British political party
Norwegian Labour Party

Related pages
Work (a disambiguation page)
The Labors of Herakles
Pillar (band)

Pillar is a Grammy-nominated Christian rock band from Tulsa, Oklahoma.  Pillar has used several genres, such as hard rock, rapcore, and alternative metal.

Discography

Albums
Metamorphosis (1999)
Original Superman (2000)
Above (2000)
Fireproof (2002)
Where Do We Go From Here (2004)
The Reckoning (2006)
For the Love of the Game (2008)
Confessions (2009)
One Love Revolution (2014)

Other websites
Official website

American rock bands
American heavy metal bands
American hard rock bands
Christian rock bands
Musical groups established in 1998
Musical groups from Oklahoma
Captain (sports)

In team sports, a captain is a title given to the member of the team who has to make choices about strategy and teamwork while a game is happening.

This is most important when a game's rules say that the coach of a team cannot tell the players what they should do while a game is being played.

In some sports, team captains may have to talk with game officials about the way the rules are applied.

Sports words
Team sports
ZIP (file format)

The ZIP file format is a popular lossless data compression and archival format created by Phil Katz, founder of PKWARE. A ZIP file contains one or more files that have been compressed, to reduce their file size, or stored as-is. A number of compression algorithms are permitted in zip files but in 2008 only DEFLATE is widely used and supported.

Usage
ZIP files generally use the file extensions ".zip" or ".ZIP" and the MIME media type application/zip. Some software uses the ZIP file format as a wrapper for a large number of small items in a specific structure. Generally when this is done a different file extension is used.

Computer file formats
Ben Roethlisberger

Benjamin Todd Roethlisberger (born March 2, 1982, in Lima, Ohio), nicknamed Big Ben, is an American football quarterback. He played for the Pittsburgh Steelers in the National Football League.

Roethlisberger was the captain of his high school's football team, basketball team, and baseball team. He did not play football as a quarterback until his last year in high school.

Roethlisberger played college football for Miami University in Oxford. In 2003, Roethlisberger led his team to an unbeaten record, a Number 10 ranking in the Associated Press poll and a 49-28 victory over Louisville in the 2003 GMAC Bowl.

Roethlisberger was chosen by the Steelers in the 2004 NFL Draft. He earned the National Football League's "Rookie of the Year Award" in 2005.

On February 5, 2006, Roethlisberger became the youngest quarterback in NFL history to win a Super Bowl. He helped the Steelers to a 21-10 victory over the Seattle Seahawks in the fortieth Super Bowl. He was only 23 years old at the time. He played in his first Pro Bowl in 2007. Roethlisberger led the Steelers to a second Super Bowl title in four seasons as they defeated the Arizona Cardinals in Super Bowl XLIII, 27-23, after he made a game-winning touchdown pass to Santonio Holmes in the final 35 seconds.

On January 27, 2022, Roethlisberger announced that he was retiring from the NFL.

References 

1982 births
Living people
American football quarterbacks
Pittsburgh Steelers players
Sportspeople from Ohio
People from Lima, Ohio
American bloggers
Bubble

Bubble could mean:

Traditional bubbles 
 Liquid bubble, a globule of one substance encased in another, usually air in a liquid
 Soap bubble, a bubble formed by soapy water
 Antibubble, a droplet of liquid surrounded by a thin film of gas

Arts and Literature 
 Bubbles (painting), a painting by Sir John Everett Millais
 Bubbles Yablonsky, the protagonist in a series of mystery novels
 Dome, an architectural element representing the upper half of a sphere
 Speech bubble, a graphic convention used primarily in comics and cartoons
 Bubbles, a monkey in the Dragon Ball series

Economics 
 Bubble (economics), a situation where market prices are unsustainably high
 Dot-com bubble
 Real estate bubble
 Stock market bubble
 "South Sea Bubble"

Film 
 The Bubble (1966 film), a science fiction film
 Bubble Boy, a 2001 comedy film directed by Blair Hayes
 Bubble (film), a 2006 improvised thriller directed by Stephen Soderbergh
 The Bubble (2006 film), an Israeli drama about a gay romance

Food and Drink 
 Bubble and squeak, a traditional English vegetable dish
 Bubble tea, a Taiwanese beverage
 A colloquial term for sparkling wine, particularly champagne
 Bubble gum, a candy often used to chew and blow bubbles.

Television 
 Bubble, a character in the TV series Absolutely Fabulous
 Bubbles, a character in the animated TV series Jabberjaw
 Bubbles (The Powerpuff Girls)
 Bubbles (Trailer Park Boys character)
 Bubbles (The Wire)
 Bubbles the Clown, a doll used in a BBC test card
 Bubbles DeVere, a character in the TV series Little Britain
 Bubbles (The Adventures of Little Carp),an anthropomorphic fish from The Adventures of Little Carp.

Video games 
 Bubble Bobble
 Bubbles (video game)
 The main character in the video game Clu Clu Land
 An enemy in the Legend of Zelda video game series

People and animals 
 Bubble Eye, a variety of goldfish
 Bubbles (chimpanzee), a chimpanzee who lived with Michael Jackson
 Pamela Harmsworth, Viscountess Rothermere, an English socialite and actress
 William Milbourne James, the child model for the painting and soap advertisement Bubbles
 Beverly Sills, opera singer

Other meanings 
 Bubble (automobile), a special sedan also called a Hi-Riser
 Bubble (computing), an error in program execution
 Bubbles (band), a Swedish girl group
 Bubble Act, an Act of the Parliament of Great Britain requiring all joint-stock companies to have a Royal Charter
 Bubble chamber, a particle detector in physics
 Bubble wrap, a packaging material
 Westminster Bubble, a term used to describe isolation among United Kingdom government employees
 A symbol used in logic gate diagrams
 A term used in poker tournaments for the last finishing position before entering the payout structure (See Glossary of poker terms)
 Refers to a college basketball team that has a significant, but not assured, chance to be awarded an at-large bid to the NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championship or NCAA Women's Division I Basketball Championship
Staphylococcus aureus

Staphylococcus aureus is the most common cause of staph infections. It is a round bacterium, often living on the skin or in the nose of a person. About one third of the U.S. population are carriers of Staph. Aureus  Staphylococcus aureus can cause a range of illnesses from minor skin infections to life-threatening diseases.

S. aureus can be treated with antibiotics, but they easily get resistance to antibiotics. When they are resistant, they are called MRSA (methicillin-resistant S. aureus).

References 

Gram-positive bacteria
1950–51 NHL season

The 1950–51 NHL season was the 34th season of the National Hockey League. Six teams each played 70 games. The Toronto Maple Leafs defeated the Montreal Canadiens four games to one for the Stanley Cup to win their fifth Cup in seven years.

Regular season

Final standings

Scoring leaders
Note: GP = Games played; G = Goals; A = Assists; Pts = Points

Leading Goaltenders
Note: GP = Games played; MIN = Minutes played; GA = Goals against; SO = Shut outs; AVG = Goals against average

Stanley Cup Playoffs
All dates in 1951

The second ranked Toronto Maple Leafs eliminated the fourth ranked Boston Bruins in five games, and the third ranked Montreal Canadiens upset first overall Detroit Red Wings in six, setting up a Leafs – Canadiens Stanley Cup final series, won by the Leafs 4–1.

Playoff bracket

Semi-finals
Boston Bruins vs. Toronto Maple Leafs

1 <small>Note: March 31st game called after one overtime due to curfew
Toronto wins best-of-seven series 4 games to 1

Montreal Canadiens vs. Detroit Red Wings

Montreal wins best-of-seven series 4 games to 2

Finals
 see 1951 Stanley Cup Finals

Montreal Canadiens vs. Toronto Maple Leafs

Toronto wins best-of-seven series 4 games to 1

Playoff scoring leaders
Note: GP = Games played; G = Goals; A = Assists; Pts = Points

NHL Awards

All-Star teams

First games
The following is a list of players of note who played their first NHL game in 1950–51 (listed with their first team, stars(*) mark start in playoffs):
Alex Delvecchio, Detroit Red Wings
Bernie Geoffrion, Montreal Canadiens
Jean Beliveau, Montreal Canadiens
Dollard St. Laurent, Montreal Canadiens
Danny Lewicki, Toronto Maple Leafs

Last games
The following is a list of players of note that played their last game in the NHL in 1950–51 (listed with their last team):
Joe Carveth, Detroit Red Wings
Glen Harmon, Montreal Canadiens
Wally Stanowski, New York Rangers
Pat Egan, New York Rangers
Buddy O'Connor, New York Rangers
Bill Barilko, Toronto Maple Leafs

References

Hockey Database
NHL.com

1950 in North America
1951 in North America
Seabed

The seabed (also sea floor, seafloor, or ocean floor) is the bottom of the ocean. The ocean floor has been explored by submarines and to some extent scuba divers.  

Oceanography
Housing

Housing is used in connection with places to live, such as  dwellings and houses

Housing can be:
 Housing in British Columbia
 Housing in Hong Kong
 Housing in Toronto
 Housing in the United States
 Housing in Vancouver
 Affordable housing,  places to live that the average person can afford to purchase or rent
 Homelessness
 Homeless shelter
 Right to housing
 Warming center
 A shortened version of the United States Federal Housing Administration
 An enclosure containing some equipment or mechanism
The Telling

The Telling is a 2000 science fiction book that was written by Ursula K. Le Guin and is set in her fictional world called the Hainish Cycle. It tells the story of Sutty, an Earthling sent to be an Ekumen observer, on the planet Aka, and her experiences.

2000 books
Hainish Cycle
Athanasian Creed

The Athanasian Creed is a Christian statement of faith. It is also often referred to as Quicumque vult (can be translated as Whoever wants, the first two words of the statement). It is the first known creed to talk about trinity. It has been in use since the 6th century, mainly in the western part of the Church. It is not used very much today, the Nicene Creed has largely replaced it.

From about the 9th century people thought that St. Athanasius had written it. Athanasus lived in the 4th century in Egypt.
Today, this view is largely seen as false. This is because of the following:
 The original text is in Latin. Athanasius wrote mainly in Greek.
 Neither Athanasius nor other people who lived at the same time as him mention it.
 It talks about problems that were only discovered after Athanasius' death.

Today, most people think it came from Gaul around the year 500. Its positions are similar to those taken by St. Ambrose of Milan, Augustine of Hippo or Vincent of Lérins. J.N.D. Kelly, a contemporary patristics scholar, believes that St. Vincent of Lérins was not its author, but suggests that it may have come from the same bacground, namely the area of Lerins in southern Gaul. Caesarius of Arles is one of the possible authors. 

The oldest surviving manuscripts of the Athanasian creed date from the late 8th century.

Martin Luther said there were three statements of faith, the Nicene Creed (Credo in unum deum, I believe in one god..), the Te Deum (Te Deum Laudamus,..., Thee, O Lord, we praise), and the Athanasian Creed. 

The creed starts:

It explains Trinity, in such a way to stand against positions such as Arianism. It has the filioque.

It ends

References

Other websites 

Christian creeds
Ancient Christianity
Acanthopholis

Acanthopolis (meaning "spiny scales") was an armoured ankylosaurian dinosaur. This quadrupedal (walked on four legs), plant-eating dinosaur had its armour in rows of oval plates set into its skin. It also had spikes jutting out of its neck and shoulder area along the spine. It was about 15 feet long (4 m) and weighed roughly 380 kg.

The first specimen was found in 1865 by fossil collector John Griffiths on the shoreline at Folkestone. The stratum was Cambridge Greensand, a formation in the Lower Cretaceous of southern England. At the time England was part of a huge tropical river delta, and the Greensand was laid down just offshore. It seems that dinosaurs were on the shoreline or the river delta, and sometimes their bodies washed out to sea.

References 
 Carpenter, Kenneth 2001. Phylogenetic analysis of Ankylosauria. In Carpenter, Kenneth (ed): The armored dinosaurs. Indiana University Press, 455–480. 

Ankylosauria
Noasaurus

Noasaurus was a small meat-eating dinosaur. It lived at a time when some of the biggest dinosaurs ever to live were roaming South America. Although it had some of the same characteristics as raptors that lived in North America and Asia, it was not a close relative. This little hunter is a good example of how dinosaurs filled lots of roles in the environment. Not only were dinosaurs the biggest hunters, but they were also among the smallest.

It was discovered by Jaime Powell and José Bonaparte in northwestern Argentina. Its unique foot claw has caused a great deal of discussion regarding the evolutionary lineage of this dinosaur.

Ceratosaurs
Dinosaurs of South America
Cretaceous dinosaurs
Astrodon

Astrodon (meaning "star-tooth") was a long-necked plant-eating dinosaur, a relation of Brachiosaurus. The sauropod was about 30 feet (9 m) long. It lived during the Lower Cretaceous period, about 130 million to 120 million years ago. Astrodon is known from teeth and scattered bones found in Maryland. Astrodon is the state dinosaur of Maryland. Astrodon was named by Johnston in 1859. The type species is A. johnstoni. Astrodon may be the same as Pleurocoelus.

Carpenter and Tidwell (2005) accepted Hatcher's argument that there is only one species of sauropod dinosaur known from the Arundel Formation and that Astrodon johnstoni is it. Interestingly, the majority of the bones of Astrodon are of juveniles, and Carpenter and Tidwell considered the two species named by Marsh, P. nanus and P. altus, as different growth stages of Astrodon johnstoni.

References 

Sauropods
Dirty

Dirty could mean:
being like dirt (and the word meaning not clean)
violating accepted standards or rules: cheating
considered morally corrupt: dishonesty, ethics
considered obscene or indecent: see obscenity
 Dirty, a song by Korn from their album Issues
 Dirty, an album by Sonic Youth
 Dirty (group), a rap duo from Alabama
 "Dirrty", a song by Christina Aguilera
 Dirty, a song by Lemon Interrupt
 Dirty Records, a record label
 Dirty (film), a 2004 crime-drama
 Dirty data, a computing term
 Dirty cache, a computing term
 Corrupt, illegal, or improper.
dirty bomb
dirty dancing
dirty word: see profanity
chocolate pipe

Basic English 850 words
Mill (currency)

A mill, mil or mille is 1/10th of a US cent or 1/1000th of a US Dollar. In the United States, it is most used in gasoline prices.  For example $4.119 per US gallon.  $0.009 is equal to nine mils. It is also used when discussing taxes on land and prices of electricity.

Currency of North America
OpenSUSE

openSUSE () is a community project, sponsored by Novell and AMD, to develop and maintain a general purpose Linux distribution. After taking over SUSE Linux in January 2004, Novell decided to release the SUSE Linux Professional product as a 100% open source project, involving the community in the development process.  The initial release was a beta version of SUSE Linux 10.0, and as of Janury 2016 the current stable release is openSUSE Leap 42.1

System requirements 

OpenSUSE 11.1 has full support for 32-bit i586 and 64-bit x86-64 PC hardware, as well as PowerPC (PPC) processors. The basic requirements for non-PPC hardware is as follows:

 CPU: Intel—Pentium 1-4 or Xeon; AMD—Duron, Athlon, Athlon XP, Athlon MP, Athlon 64, Sempron or Opteron
 RAM: 256 MB minimum, 512 MB recommended
 Hard drive: 500 MB for minimal system; 3 GB recommended for standard system

Older processors that still belong to the i586 family can be used, for example the AMD K6/2. When extra language/translation files and documentation are removed and X is not needed, decent console-based router systems can be made using 300 MB disk space. Most console workloads also cope with 128 MB of RAM at the cost of increased swap activity in tight situations.

Package
OpenSUSE's official software package repository includes, for example, UNetbootin.

References 

Linux distributions
X86-64 Linux distributions