cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Grace Lee Boggs

Grace Lee Boggs (June 27, 1915 – October 5, 2015) was an American author. She protested inequality against women and smaller racial groups.  She was known for her years of political work with C.L.R. James and Raya Dunayevskaya in the 1940s and 1950s.

Early life 
Boggs was born in Providence, Rhode Island. Her parents were Chin Lee and Lin Yan Lee. She was raised in Queens, New York City. Boggs studied at Barnard College and at Bryn Mawr College.

She met her husband, James Boggs at a major newspaper, where she was given a job to check the newspaper for errors. James Boggs was an African American auto worker and writer.

Contributions 
Boggs and her husband focused on black rights. In 1970, they started The National Organization for an American Revolution. The organization helped stop the population of Detroit, Michigan from leaving by supplying food and building connections between neighborhoods. They started food banks and helped start groups that stopped the turn off of power sources.

After her husband’s death in 1993, Boggs started her own programs.  In 2013, she started the James and Grace Lee Boggs School, which is a charter school for the kids of Detroit.

By 1998, she had written four books, along with a book about herself. In 2011, she wrote a fifth book, The Next American Revolution: Sustainable Activism for the Twenty-First Century, co-written by Scott Kurashige and published by the University of California Press.

Boggs died in Detroit, Michigan at the age of 100. Many people grieved the death of Grace Lee Boggs, including the United States president at the time, Barack Obama.

References

Other websites

The Boggs Center Home Page
Grace Lee Boggs interviewed on Democracy Now!, January 20, 2008
Grace Lee Boggs interviewed by Bill Moyers, June 15, 2007
Boggs on the Financial Meltdown and Social Change - video report by Democracy Now!
"The Only Way to Survive is By Taking Care of One Another" - video report by Democracy Now!

1915 births
2015 deaths
American centenarians
American feminist writers
People from Providence, Rhode Island
Writers from Queens
Örebro HK

Örebro HK is an ice hockey club in the town of Örebro in Sweden. The club was established in 1990 as HC Örebro 90, before changing name in 2005.

In 2013, Örebro HK qualifyed for the Swedish Hockey League.

Other websites

 Official website

1990 establishments in Sweden
Ice hockey teams in Sweden
Örebro
Färjestads BK

Färjestads BK is an ice hockey club in the town of Karlstad in Sweden. The club was established on 10 November 1932 a bandy club. It adopting the game of ice hockey in 1956.

Färjestads BK won the Swedish national championship in 1981, 1986, 1988, 1997, 1998, 2002, 2006, 2009 and 2011. They also lost the national finals in 1976, 1977, 1983, 1985, 1987, 1990, 1991, 2001, 2002, 2004, 2005 and 2014.

References

Other websites

 Official website

Farjestads BK
Farjestads BK
Karlstad
Rögle BK

Rögle BK is an ice hockey club in the town of Ängelholm in Sweden. The club was established in 1921 as a bandy club, even if no governing body was established until 18 December 1932. The club won the Scanian bandy district championship in 1948, before adopting the game of ice hockey in 1950.

In 1992, Rögle BK qualifyed for the Swedish top division for first time. They continued playing in the top division until 1996. Rögle qualifyed for the top division in 2008 and again in 2012 but after failing to requalify, the club will play in the second-tier Hockeyallsvenskan.

The most famous player ever played in Rögle is probably Kenny Jönsson.

Other websites

 Official website

Rogle BK
Rogle BK
Mohamed Siddiq El-Minshawi

Mohamed Siddiq El-Minshawi (, 1 January 1920 – 20 June 1969) was an Egyptian Qur'anic reciter. He was born in Suhaaj. He was the son of Siddiq El-Minshawi and the brother of Mahmoud El-Minshawi, who is also a famous reciter and a well known scholar of the Qur’an in Egypt, Cairo.

Background 
Muhammad Siddiq El-Minshawi has become a household name across the Muslim world. He traveled to many countries outside of his homeland, including Indonesia, Jordan, Kuwait, Libya, Palestine (Al-Aqsa Mosque), Saudi Arabia and Syria. He helped children with the Quran.

He was significantly influenced by his father, Muhammad Siddiq El-Minshawi, also a protégé of Mohamed Salamah, a famous reciter of the 20th century. He studied the rules of recitation under Ibrahim As-Su'oodi at a young age.

1920 births
1969 deaths
Egyptian Muslims
Quran reciters
Nick Offerman

Nicholas David Offerman (born June 26, 1970) is an American actor, writer, and carpenter. He is best known for his breakout role as Ron Swanson in the NBC sitcom Parks and Recreation.

Offerman was raised in Chicago, Illinois. He studied at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. He has been married to Megan Mullally since 2003.

References

Other websites

1970 births
Living people
Actors from Chicago
American movie actors
American stage actors
American television actors
American voice actors
Carpenters
Writers from Chicago
People from Champaign, Illinois
Cook County, Illinois

Cook County is a county in the American state of Illinois. Chicago is the county seat of Cook County. Los Angeles County, California is the only county with a higher population than Cook County.

About 5,231,000 people live in Cook County. This is 40.6 percent of all the people who live in Illinois. Cook County's population is more than the population of 29 U.S. states. More people live in Cook County than in the seven smallest U.S. states combined.  There is a tax on canned beverages in Cook County.

References

Other websites

 Cook County History Pages 

 
1830s establishments in Illinois
1831 establishments in the United States
Marjorie Bennett

Marjorie Bennett (15 January 1896 – 14 June 1982) was an Australian actress. She was born in York, Western Australia, and died in Hollywood, Los Angeles, California.

Her many movies include small parts in the Joan Crawford movies Autumn Leaves (waitress), Female on the Beach (Mrs. Murchison), and What Ever Happened to Baby Jane? (Dehlia Flagg); a voice part in Disney's One Hundred and One Dalmatians (Duchess); and a speaking part in Mary Poppins (Miss Lark).

Her many television appearances include the recurring parts of Mrs. Neimeyer in The Bob Cummings Show; Birdie Brockway in the early years of Lassie, Mrs. Downey in CHiPs; and Mrs. Kenny in The Many Loves of Dobie Gillis.

Australian television actors
Australian movie actors
1896 births
1982 deaths
Actors from Western Australia
Autumn Leaves

Autumn Leaves is a 1956 movie starring Joan Crawford, Vera Miles, Lorne Greene, and Cliff Robertson. It was directed by Robert Aldrich. It is about a lonely woman who marries an attractive younger man. She is forced to confine him to a mental hospital for her own safety. Nat King Cole sings the movie's theme song.

American drama movies
1956 drama movies
English-language movies
Movies directed by Robert Aldrich
2010 Brooklyn/Queens tornadoes

The 2010 Brooklyn/Queens tornadoes were a severe weather event that happened in the boroughs of Brooklyn and Queens in New York City. Two tornadoes touched down in Park Slope, Brooklyn and Flushing, Queens. It happened between 5:37 PM to 5:57 PM EDT on September 16, 2010. The tornadoes were the second to hit New York City that year, after a tornado that hit Queens on July 25. The stronger of the two tornadoes hit Flushing and was rated an EF1 with winds of up to 100 mph.

The thunderstorm hit New York City during the evening rush hour. It brought strong winds, heavy rain, and hail. The strong winds brought down over 30,000 trees and power lines. In addition to the tornadoes, a macroburst hit Middle Village and Forest Hills in Queens. The macroburst had heavy rain and strong winds of up to 125 mph.

References

Other websites
New Yorkers Document the Storm - New York Times

2010 in New York (state)
2010s in New York City
Brooklyn
Queens (New York City)
Tornadoes in the United States
September 2010 events
Robert Aldrich

Robert "Bob" Aldrich (August 9, 1918 - December 5, 1983) was an American movie and television director,  second unit director or assistant director, and producer. He was born Robert Burgess Aldrich in Cranston, Rhode Island. He died in Los Angeles, California, age 65. 

Aldrich directed Joan Crawford and Bette Davis in What Ever Happened to Baby Jane? (1962), Olivia de Havilland and Bette Davis in Hush...Hush, Sweet Charlotte  (1964), Lee Marvin, Charles Bronson, and football star Jim Brown in The Dirty Dozen (1967), and Burt Reynolds and Eddie Albert in The Longest Yard (1974) and Hustle (1975). Television credits include (among others) five episodes of Four Star Playhouse and five episodes of The Doctor in the 1950s.

Other websites
 

1918 births
1983 deaths
American movie directors
American television directors
People from Cranston, Rhode Island
Shelby Lynne

Shelby Lynne (born Shelby Lynne Moorer; 22 October 1968) is an American country musician who has done lots of hit songs. She began singing around 1988, although it was 1999 that she released her debut studio album I am Shelby Lynne. She received a Grammy Award for Best New Artist on that studio album. Lynne was born in Virginia, though was raised in Mobile, Alabama.

References

Singers from Alabama
Singers from Virginia
Country musicians from Virginia
1968 births
Living people
Country musicians from Alabama
Soccer mom

In America, a soccer mom is a middle-class woman in the suburbs who spends a lot of time taking her school-aged children to sports events and other activities. The soccer mom often drives a minivan, SUV or station wagon. Soccer moms are often completely involved and coach their children from the sidelines.The term soccer mom dates back to the early or mid 1980s. The term became more popular when newspapers began using it a lot in 1994 or 1995. It became very popular around 1996, when politicians were constantly using it during the presidential election of 1996, including then-President Bill Clinton.

Everyday life
American culture
Milo Đukanović

Milo Đukanović (; born 15 February 1962) is a Montenegrin politician. He has been the country's President since 2018. Đukanović has previously served as Prime Minister four times, from 1991 to 1998, from 2003 to 2006, from 2008 to 2010 and from 2012 to 2016. He also served as President from 1998 to 2002. Đukanović is the leader of the Democratic Party of Socialists of Montenegro.

References

1962 births
Current national leaders
Living people
Presidents of Montenegro
Prime Ministers of Montenegro
Extended family

Extended family means a family including aunts, uncles and cousins. It also means married people living under parents of their husbands or wives. Within an extended family are several immediate families.

A family with more than two adults is called a complex family. This includes extended families or families where there are more than just one mother and one father.

Family
Juvénal Habyarimana

Juvénal Habyarimana (8 March 1937 – 6 April 1994) was the second President of Rwanda. He was president for almost twenty years, from 1973 until 1994. During his government, he favoured his own ethnic group, the Hutus. He was nicknamed "Kinani", a Kinyarwanda word meaning "invincible". Habyarimana was a dictator. He was suspected to have cheated in all of his elections.

On 6 April 1994, he was killed when his airplane was shot down close to Kigali. It was also carrying the President of Burundi, Cyprien Ntaryamira. His assassination caused tensions between Hutus and Tutsis to worsen, and helped start the Rwandan Genocide. Within 100 days, somewhere between 800,000 and 1 million Rwandans were massacred.

References

Other websites

1937 births
1994 deaths
African politicians
Assassinated people
Aviation deaths
Presidents (government)
Roman Catholics
Rwandan people
Emmett Kelly

Emmett Leo Kelly (December 9, 1898 - March 28, 1979) was an American circus performer. He created the clown, "Weary Willie".

1898 births
1979 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
American circus performers
American entertainers
Clowns
Cessna 620

The Cessna 620 is a light transport aircraft prototype built in the United States in 1956. It's the only four-engine aircraft built by Cessna. It can carry between eight and ten passengers. Flights were stopped in 1957.

References 

Civil aircraft
Cessna aircraft
Minnie Warren

Huldah Pierce Warren Bump (known as Minnie Warren; June 2, 1849–July 23, 1878) was an American entertainer. She was born in Middleborough, Massachusetts, and toured with her sister, entertainer Lavinia Warren, the wife of General Tom Thumb. Minnie died in childbirth in 1878.  She was buried in Nemasket Hill Cemetery, Middleborough, Massachusetts.

References
 Hornberger, Francine. 2005. Carny Folk: The World's Weirdest Sideshow Acts. Citadel Press. p. 19. 

1846 births
1878 deaths
Entertainers from Massachusetts
American circus performers
19th-century American sideshow performers
Barnum's American Museum attractions
People with dwarfism
Deaths in childbirth
Aralkum

Aralkum is the name of a new desert that has appeared in the area that was once occupied by the Aral Sea. It lies south an east of what remains of the Aral Sea.

Deserts of Asia
Geography of Kazakhstan
Geography of Uzbekistan
Maternal bond

A maternal bond means the connections that often happen during pregnancy issues and childbirth, or between women and unrelated children, such as with adoptions. Maternal bonds are influenced by hundreds of emotional, mental and physical issues. Some new mothers do not bond instantly, however.

Everyday life
Family
Relationships
Carcharhinidae

Carcharhinidae, also known as the requiem sharks, is a family of sharks in the order Carcharhiniformes. There are currently 52 species of requiem sharks which are grouped into 12 genera. Some of the most familiar species in this family are the lemon shark, the blue shark, the tiger shark, the bull shark, and the whitetip reef shark.

Requiem sharks are found throughout temperate and tropical oceans with many species found worldwide. Some live in the open ocean (oceanic whitetip shark), while some live in freshwater rivers and lakes (Bull shark). 
All species of requiem sharks have a head of normal shape, eyes with a nictitating (winking) membranes, caudal fins with the upper lobe being quite larger than the lower but not very long, 2 spineless dorsal fins, the first one usually much larger than the second in most of the Atlantic species, an anal fin, a caudal peduncle which doesn't have lateral keels, and sharp, bladelike teeth with a single cusp. 

Almost all species of requiem sharks have a similar diet consisting of fish, octopus, marine mammals and seabirds. Since of their similar looks, it is usually hard to tell one species from another.

Genera
thumb|right|250px|A Lemon shark 
thumb|right|250px|A Tiger shark 
thumb|right|250px|A Blue shark 
thumb|right|250px|A Whitetip reef shark 
There are currently 12 genera of the family Carcharhinidae:
 Galeocerdo
 Scoliodon
 Carcharhinus
 Glyphis
 Lamiopsis
 Nasolamia
 Negaprion 
 Prionace
 Rhizoprionodon
 Loxodon
 Isogomphodon
 Triaenodon

References

Sharks
Springfield Model 1855

The Model 1855 Springfield was a rifled musket used in the mid-19th century. This is a type of musket that was used to fire long-range shots, before the enemy could get close enough. It was produced by the Springfield Armory in Massachusetts, United States.

Firearms
Leptospira

Leptospiras are long, thin motile spirochaetes. They may be free-living or parasitic. They survive well in fresh water, soil, and mud in tropical areas. They have been studied at the CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention).

Molecular taxonomic studies at CDC and elsewhere have identified 13 named and 4 unnamed species of pathogenic leptospires. Leptospirosis causes a wide range of symptoms, and some infected persons may have no symptoms at all. Symptoms of leptospirosis include high fever, severe headache, chills, muscle aches, and vomiting, and may include jaundice (yellow skin and eyes), red eyes, abdominal pain, diarrhea, or a rash.

Gram-negative bacteria
Helicopter parent

Helicopter parents are those who hover over their children, cosseting them
and overseeing their entire lives.

The terminology began appearing around 1969. It was not until late 2002 or 2003, however, that the term became very popular via media and cell phone use. This was at exactly the same time the millennials begin turning 18 and moving into college. The rising of mobile phones is often blamed for the rise of helicopter parent-style teaching over the years. The phone enables the mother to keep in touch at all times, which was almost impossible before. What caused most notice was parents following up children as far as college and early employment. Sports coaches, college teachers and employers have had the experience of parents turning up to complain and argue in support of their children.

References 

Children
Family
Clostridium

Clostridium is a genus of bacteria.  Clostridium bacteria are obligate anaerobes, which means they do not need oxygen to grow.

Clostridium bacteria are shaped like rods.  The name "Clostridium" comes from the Greek word kloster (κλωστήρ), which means "spindle."

Clostridium bacteria are gram-positive and can produce endospores.

Important species 
There are many different species of Clostridium bacteria.  Some of these species can cause serious illness.

Clostridium botulinum 
Clostridium botulinum bacteria make a toxin called botulinum. When botulinum toxins get into food or wounds, they cause botulism, a dangerous disease.  Botulism can paralyze the muscles (stop the muscles from moving or working).  People can die from botulism if their breathing muscles get paralyzed.  This makes them unable to breathe.

Most cases of botulism happen because people eat meat that was not cooked well enough, or eat canned food that was not canned properly.

If babies under age one eat natural honey, they can get infant botulism.  Most adults and older children can eat natural honey without getting sick.  In healthy people, the intestines are filled with good, healthy bacteria. Usually, these regular bacteria keep Clostridium botulinum under control. Infants do not have enough of these good bacteria to be able to eat honey safely.

Sometimes doctors use botulinum toxins to treat medical problems.  There are medicines, like Botox, which contain botulinum toxin. Some people get Botox treatments when they have wrinkles in the face.  When it is injected into the forehead, Botox paralyzes the muscles in the face, and makes the face look smoother.

Clostridium difficile 
Clostridium difficile bacteria can cause bad diarrhea and serious illness. Usually, people get Clostridium difficile infection after they have taken antibiotic medicines.  These medicines can kill the healthy bacteria that normally live in the intestines and keep Clostridium difficile bacteria under control. Clostridium difficile infection can be spread from person to person, and is getting more common in hospitals, nursing homes, and other health care facilities. Just in the United States, 14,000 people die every year from Clostridium difficile infection.

Clostridium difficile is an antibiotic-resistant bacteria. This means that many antibiotic medicines cannot kill the bacteria. This makes Clostridium difficile infection difficult to treat.

Clostridium tetani 
Clostridium tetani causes tetanus.  Usually, people get tetanus when they get a cut or wound, and Clostridium tetani bacteria get into the wound. At first, tetanus causes the muscles in the jaw to spasm (tighten). (Tetanus is often called "lockjaw" because the jaw muscles spasm so badly that the jaw seems "locked.") This can make it difficult to swallow. As tetanus gets worse, other muscles in the body get stiff and spasm.

Tetanus immunization can keep people from getting tetanus.

References 

 
Gram-negative bacteria
Gram-positive

Gram-positive bacteria are those that are stained dark blue or violet by Gram staining. This is in contrast to gram-negative bacteria, which cannot hold the crystal violet stain. Instead they take up the counterstain (safranin or fuchsine) and appear red or pink. 

The difference is caused by the cell wall structure. Gram-positive organisms have thick peptidoglycan layer. This protects them, so they do not need rigid cell walls. On the other hand, gram-negative bacteria have thin, insignificant peptidoglycan layers, so they do need rigid cell walls for support and protection.

Related pages 
Gram-negative
Gram staining

Other websites 
3D structures of proteins associated with plasma membrane of Gram-positive bacteria
3D structures of proteins associated with outer membrane of Gram-positive bacteria
 Gram Staining Procedure and Images
Minigun

The M134 Minigun is an American 7.62x51mm six-barreled machine gun. Its rate of fire is 3000 to 4000 rounds (bullets) per minute. It is called "mini" as compared to the earlier, much bigger M61 Vulcan.

In movies and video games, the Minigun is sometimes called the chaingun, but this is a mistake. The chaingun is completely different and has only one barrel.

References

Other websites
 1985 Patent of a Minigun

Machine guns
Ron Moody

Ron Moody (born Ronald Moodnick; 8 January 1924 – 11 June 2015) was a British actor, composer, singer and writer. He was known for his roles in Murder Most Foul (1964), Summer Holiday (1963), Oliver! (1968), and in The Twelve Chairs (1970). He won a Golden Globe Award for his role in Oliver! in 1968.

Biography 
Moody was born on 8 January 1924 in Tottenham, London, England. He was raised in Hornsey, England. Moody studied at Southgate County School and at London School of Economics. His father was of Russian Jewish descent and his mother was a Lithuanian Jew. Moody married Therese Blackbourn in 1985. They had six children. 

Moody died in hospital on 11 June 2015, aged 91.

References

Other websites

 
 Ron Moody's Official Charitable website 
 

1924 births
2015 deaths
Actors from London
Alumni of the London School of Economics
English composers
English movie actors
English stage actors
English television actors
English voice actors
Golden Globe Award winning actors
Jewish British actors
People from Tottenham
Singers from London
Writers from London
Abdul Basit Abdus-Samad

Qari Abdul Basit 'Abd us-Samad (1927 – 30 November 1988; ) was a well known Qari (reciter of the Quran). As such, many modern reciters try to copy his style. He is the only Qari to have won three world Qirat competitions in the early 1970s. 'Abd us-Samad was one of the first Hafiz to make commercial recordings of his recitations, and the first president of the newly formed Reciters' Union in Egypt. He is best known for his recitation of Sura Al-Fatiha, the first chapter of the Qur'an, and an important sura in the five daily Islamic prayers. His mother was an Egyptian Arab and his father was of Kurdish descent

Early life
Abdul Basit was born in a village called Armant, in southern Egypt.

In 1950, he came to Cairo where Muslims in many mosques were touched by his recitations. On one happening, he was reciting verses from Sura al-Ahzab (The Confederates) he was requested to recite for longer than 10 minutes by his audience, and continued to recite for over an hour and a half, his listeners were captured by his mastery of pitch, tone and the rules of tajweed (Qur'anic recitation).

Travels
'Abd us-Samad travelled outside Egypt, in 1961, he recited at the Badshahi Masjid, in Lahore, Pakistan. In 1987, whilst on a visit to America, 'Abd us-Samad related a story from one trip he made to the Soviet Union, with then Egyptian president Gamal Abdel Nasser. 

'Abd us-Samad was asked to recite for some leaders of the Soviet party. 'Abd us-Samad remembered that four to five of his listeners from the Communist Party were in tears on hearing the recitation, although they didn't understand what was being recited, but they cried, apparently touched by his recitation.  

Indira Gandhi, an Indian prime minister and political leader always felt touched by his recitation and would stop alongside to appreciate his recitation.

'Abd us-Samad died on 30 November 1988, and is survived by his three sons (from oldest to the youngest): Yasir, Hisham, and Tariq. Following his father's footsteps, Yasir has also become a "Qari"

Other websites
 Abdul Basit Abdul Samad
 Golestane Quran 
 Everymuslim 
 Nice Quran Recitation Website
 Abdul Basit Abdul Samad

1927 births
1988 deaths
Egyptian Muslims
Quran reciters
Fokker D.XXI

The Fokker D.XXI is a single-engine fighter aircraft designed and built by Fokker in 1935. It was used by the Dutch Air Force in World War II against Luftwaffe. Slower and less maneuverable than the German fighters as Messerschmitt Bf 109 most of them were quickly destroyed.Denmark and Finland also used this aircraft in the war.

Fokker aircraft
World War II aircraft
General Dynamics / Grumman EF-111 Raven

The General Dynamics / Grumman EF-111 Raven is a twin-turbojets military aircraft. Its main mission was jamming enemy radar, including those of the anti-aircraft defense. It was designed and built in the United States, and flown only for the U.S. Air Force. It was used in the last years of Cold War and for the Yugoslavia's war NATO operation in 1995. It stopped being made in 1998.

United States Air Force aircraft
Fouga CM-170 Magister

The Fouga CM-170 Magister is a French military aircraft. Designed and built as a training aircraft, it was also a light atack aircraft. It was built under licence in Belgium, Finland and Germany. The Fouga CM-170 Magister was used by many air forces in the world: Algeria, Austria, Bangladesh, Belgium, Biafra, Brazil, Cambodia, Cameroon, El Salvador, Finland, France, Gabon, Germany, Ireland, Israel, Katanga, Khmer Republic, Lebanon, Libya, Morocco, Nicaragua, Rwanda, Senegal, Togo, and Uganda.

It was the major aircraft of the Patrouille de France from 1964 to 1981. In 2013 many CM-170 Magisters fly on air meeting around the world.

Related pages
 Fouga CM-175 Zéphyr.

French military aircraft
Fouga CM-175 Zéphyr

The Fouga CM-175 Zéphyr is a navalized variant of the Fouga CM-170 Magister. It was used by the French Navy for air training between 1959 and 1994. Thirty examples only were built, and it was not sale at foreign country. It flown from the French aircraft carrier Clemenceau, and sister-ship Foch. 

French military aircraft
Fougasse (bread)

Fougasse is a type of bread made in Provence, France. It is coked with lardons, olive oil, and sometimes herbes de Provence and it is usually served as an accompaniment to an apéritif.

Breads
French food
911 (disambiguation)

911 might mean:

911, the year
September 11 attacks, sometimes called "911" because they happened on September 11 (9/11)
9/11 (2002 movie), a documentary about the event.
 9-1-1, an emergency telephone number in some countries
Qari

Qāri', or "reader", is a person who recites the Qur'an with the proper rules of recitation. 

Although it is encouraged, a reciter (Qari) does not necessarily have to memorise the Qur'an, just to recite it with proper rules.

Examples
 Qari Abdul Basit
 Qari Minshawi

These Qaris have memorized the whole Quran. Qari means a Muslim who memorized the whole Quran.

References 

 
Islam
Mario Doyon

Mario Doyon (born August 27, 1968 in Quebec City, Quebec) is a Canadian retired ice hockey defenceman that played a total of 28 games in the NHL.

Before he played in the NHL, Doyon played 3 seasons in the QMJHL with the Drummondville Voltigeurs. He was drafted #119 overall by the Chicago Blackhawks in the 1986 NHL Entry Draft. Doyon played 7 games with the Chicago Blackhawks and 22 games with the Quebec Nordiques. He last played for the Corpus Christi Rayz of the Central Hockey League. He has also played roller hockey with the Montreal Roadrunners of the Roller Hockey International.

He currently plays coaches the Indiana Jr Ice U-16 hockey team which his son Drew Doyon plays on.

References

Other websites 

1968 births
American Hockey League players
Canadian ice hockey defencemen
Chicago Blackhawks players
Drummondville Voltigeurs players
Ice hockey people from Quebec
International Hockey League (1945–2001) players
Living people
Sportspeople from Quebec City
Quebec Nordiques players
Carrie Akers

Carrie Akers (1860s - ?) was an American sideshow attraction. Contrary to several websites, she was not known as The Warthog. She was born in Virginia. She weighed 309 pounds, and stood 34 inches tall. She was both a sideshow Fat Lady and one of the Little People (dwarves, midgets). She was known as "Quarrelsome Carrie" in the  sideshow community because of her volcanic temper. The community avoided her. A fiery dispute with P. T. Barnum led to the showman firing her from the American Museum [source?].

References
 The Human Marvels: Carrie Akers 
 Hartzman, Marc. 2005. American Sideshow. Penguin. Unpaged.

1860s births
19th-century American entertainers
Barnum's American Museum attractions
Year of death unknown
American sideshow attractions
Entertainers from Virginia
People with dwarfism
Bayonne Bridge

The Bayonne Bridge is a steel arch bridge that connects Bayonne, New Jersey and Staten Island, New York. It is the fifth-longest steel arch bridge in the world. It was the longest in the world when it was opened. It was designed by bridge-builder Othmar Ammann and architect Cass Gilbert. It was built by the Port of New York Authority (now the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey). It opened on November 15, 1931. In 2017 the deck was raised to allow ships designed for the new Panama Canal to pass.

The bridge of one of three bridges that connect Staten Island with New Jersey. The other bridges are the Goethals Bridge to Elizabeth, New Jersey and the Outerbridge Crossing to Perth Amboy, New Jersey.

References

Bridges in New York City
Steel bridges
Staten Island
1931 establishments in New York (state)
Jonathan Bass

Jonathan R. Bass (November 25, 1830 - September 13, 1892) was an American sideshow attraction. His stage name was The Ossified Man. He was born in New York State. Rheumatism led to the ossification of his joints, tendons, and muscles in his teen years. His sideshow career began in 1887 at Niagara Falls. He toured the United States. He died in New York City in 1892.

Early years
Bass was born in Cambria in western New York State. He was the eldest of three brothers. He appeared perfectly normal in his very early years. As a child and a teenager however, a series of rheumatism attacks left him unable to walk without crutches and canes.

Middle years
Eventually, Bass became completely ossified. The rheumatism led to akylosis of his joints, tendons, and muscles. They turned to bone. Things got worse. In 1869, he lost his eyesight. He had to eat by sucking food up and swallowing it whole. When his mother died in 1872, a brother began taking care of him.

In 1887, Bass began his show biz career at Niagara Falls. He then worked his way across the United States. In spite of his disabilities, Bass remained cheerful. He parted with his manager after a dispute about his cut of the take.

Last years and death
Bass died of a fever and pneumonia while performing in Huber's Museum in New York City. The family refused an autopsy. Bass was buried in an ironclad vault to deter grave robbers from making off with the body.

An article in a 1908 issue of Scientific American accused a careless museum attendant of causing Bass's death by letting the man fall to the pavement while being lifted from a carriage.

References
 Hartzman, Marc. 2005. American Sideshow. Penguin. Unpaged.

1830 births
1892 deaths
American sideshow attractions
Isaac Sprague

Isaac W. Sprague (May 21, 1841 - January 5, 1887) was an American sideshow attraction. His stage name was The Skeleton Man. He also appeared as The Living Skeleton and The Original Thin Man.  He was born in Massachusetts. Doctors were puzzled when he began losing weight rapidly in his teens. He joined a sideshow in 1865, then got a job at P. T. Barnum's American Museum in New York City in 1868. He married and had three healthy sons. He died penniless in Chicago, Illinois in 1887.

Early years
Sprague was born in East Bridgewater, Massachusetts to Nathaniel Sprague, a shoemaker, and his wife, Betsey Sprague. He was a normal child who spent much time swimming. At 12 years, he began to lose weight quickly. His appetite was healthy. Sprague blamed the swimming for his weight loss, but doctors were puzzled.

Middle years
Sprague worked in his father's shoemaking business and later in his father's grocery store. The more weight Sprague lost, the weaker he grew. After his parents died, he was too weak to work and was forced to leave his job. 

In 1865, a sideshow passed through town. He declined a job offer with the troupe, but reconsidered and joined the show. He appeared as The Living Skeleton or The Original Thin Man. He went to New York City and got a job in P. T. Barnum's American Museum at $80 a week. Sprague's job ended when the museum burned to the ground in 1868.

Last years 
Sprague married Tamar Moore, and sired three healthy boys upon her. He returned to work with Barnum and other showman. At age 44, Sprague stood five feet six inches, and weighed only 44 pounds. Physicians decided he suffered from extreme muscular atrophy.  He died penniless in Chicago, Illinois in 1892.

References

Notes
 Hartzman, Marc. 2005. American Sideshow. Penguin. Unpaged. 

1841 births
1887 deaths
Entertainers from Massachusetts
American sideshow attractions
Scott McCloud

Scott McCloud (born Scott McLeod on June 10, 1960) is an American artist. He is famous for writing comic books that are about comic books. His book Understanding Comics was published in 1993. It is about comic books as a form of art. He has also written Reinventing Comics (2000) and Making Comics (2006). 

In 1984, he created a superhero comic called Zot!. McCloud thought that super heroes were too grim so he made Zot! fun and light-hearted. 

McCloud does most of his art on computers with a graphics tablet and software like Adobe Photoshop.

American comics artists
American comics writers
1960 births
Living people
Andrea Evans

Andrea Lynn Evans (born June 18, 1957) is an American actress. She works mostly on television soap operas. She played Rebecca Hotchkiss in the soap opera Passions, and Tawny in the series The Bold and the Beautiful. Evans was born in Aurora, Illinois.

American television actors
Actors from Illinois
1957 births
Living people
People from Aurora, Illinois
The Wild Men of Borneo

The Wild Men of Borneo was a sideshow attraction. The Wild Men were midget brothers Hiram and Barney Davis. Hiram (1825–1905) was born in England. His brother Barney (1827–1912) was born on Long Island, New York State.

The two were mentally deficient, but physically strong. They each stood about 42 inches tall and weighed about 40 pounds. In 1852, showman Lyman Warner discovered them, and bought the two from their widowed mother.

Warner named them Waino and Plutano. The two capably acted their parts as The Wild Men of Borneo. They talked gibberish, lifted male audience members, or wrestled to show their muscles. They recited poems they had been taught. When Lyman Warner died in 1871, his son Hanford managed the brothers.

In 1880, Waino and Plutano were managed by P. T. Barnum. Under his direction, The Wild Men of Borneo became one of the most famous sideshow attractions in the world. The two earned $200,000 over their lifetimes.

In 1893, the promotional booklet What We Know About Waino and Plutano, Wild Men of Borneo described their 1848 "capture" and the Wild Men as hardly above the social level of "orang-outangs of a like size".

The brothers' sideshow days ended in 1903 when Hiram fell ill. They moved to Massachusetts. Hiram died in 1905 and Barney in 1912. The two are buried in Mount Vernon, Ohio.

References

Other websites
 Wild Men of Borneo at The Human Marvels

1825 births
1827 births
1905 deaths
1912 deaths
19th-century American sideshow performers
Casey Affleck

Caleb Casey McGuire Affleck-Boldt (born August 12, 1975) is an American actor and director. He is the younger brother of Ben Affleck.

He played Morgan O'Mally in Good Will Hunting, Virgil Malloy in the Ocean's Trilogy and Patrick Kenzie in Gone Baby Gone. He portrayed Robert Ford in The Assassination of Jesse James by the Coward Robert Ford which he received an Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actor.

In 2017, Affleck won the Academy Award for Best Actor for his role in Manchester by the Sea.

Early life
Affleck was born in Falmouth, Massachusetts. He is the second son of Christine Anne "Chris" (née Boldt), a school district employee and teacher, and Timothy Byers Affleck, a drug counselor, social worker, janitor, auto mechanic, bartender, and former actor with the Theater Company of Boston. Affleck is three years younger than his brother Ben. He has English, Irish, German, Scottish, French, Swiss, Northern Irish (Scotch-Irish), Welsh, and Swedish ancestry. He is a tenth cousin, once removed, of actor Matt Damon, through a common New England ancestor. He was raised in a mostly Episcopalian family. As a child, he had numerous pets, including cats, snakes, guinea pigs and turtles. Affleck went to George Washington University and later transferred to Columbia University in New York City, where he majored in physics, astronomy, and Western philosophy, but never graduated.

References

Other websites

Official website 

Best Actor Academy Award winners
Golden Globe Award winning actors
BAFTA Award winning actors
1975 births
Living people
American child actors
American movie actors
American stage actors
American voice actors
Episcopalians
Actors from Massachusetts
Linda Thorson

Linda Thorson (born Linda Robinson on 18 June 1947) is a Canadian actress. She acts mostly on television. She played Tara in the British television action show The Avengers. Thorson was born in Toronto, Ontario.

Canadian television actors
1947 births
Living people
People from Toronto
Nebling

Nebling is a small village in the municipality of Untergriesbach in Passau in Lower Bavaria, Germany.

References 
 Ortverzeichnis der Bayerischen Landesbibliothek

Passau (district)
Snuff (song)

Snuff is the fifth single from the album All Hope Is Gone by metal band Slipknot. It was released on September 28, 2009.

The song reached #2 on Billboard's Hot Mainstream Rock Tracks. It was the last single that was released from the band before the death of their bassist, Paul Gray. Vocalist Corey Taylor performs an acoustic version of the song as a tribute to Paul Gray during Stone Sour shows.

The song was nominated for Best Single at the Kerrang! Awards 2010, but it lost to "Liquid Confidence" by You Me at Six.

References

Slipknot songs
2009 songs
Social movement

The term social movement refers to action by groups, individuals or organizations focusing over political or social matters. In particular, the movement wants to resist or undo certain change. A reform movement is one seeking to change laws and normals. Trade unions represent rights to abortion, LGBT and workers rights.

Related pages
Activism
Anti-nuclear movement
Anti-war movement
Lobbying

References

Everyday life
Politics
Minority rights

The term minority rights refers to the rights of minority groups. This includes the individual rights of a group's members and the collective rights of the group itself. These groups can be racial, ethnic, class, religious, linguistic or sexual minorities.

For the rights of ethnic, religious and linguistic minorities, Article 27 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights protects their identities. For people with disabilities, the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities  exists to protect them, and for LGBT people, the Yogyakarta Principles were written down by the United Nations.

Also, the Council of Europe, European Union and Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe also affirm protection of minority rights as part of human rights and the rule of law.

Other Page 
International human rights law

Politics
Rights
Tanycolagreus

Tanycolagreus is a genus of coelurosaur theropod from the Upper Jurassic of North America.

The fossil holotype  was donated to science by an anonymous benefactor. It is part of the collection of Thanksgiving Point Institute, and displayed in the North American Museum of Ancient Life at Lehi, Utah. It includes an incomplete skull and mandible (lower jaws) and much of the postcranial skeleton, i.e. the parts behind the head. The size of this specimen suggests a size in life of about 3.3 meters (11 feet) long.

Habitat 
The fossil was found in the Morrison Formation, where originally there was a great variety of life. This environment  a savannah with many rivers. Along the rivers were conifer forests, with  ginkgos, cycads, tree ferns, and horsetails rushes. 

Insects were very similar to modern species, with termites building 30 m (100 ft.) tall nests. Along the rivers, there were fish, frogs, salamanders, lizards, crocodiles, turtles, pterosaurs, crayfish, clams, and monotremes (prototherian mammals, the largest of which was about the size of a rat). The dinosaurs were most likely along the rivers as well. Hundreds of dinosaur fossils have been discovered.

According to radiometric dating, the Morrison Formation dates from 156.3 ± 2 million years old (mya) at its base, to 146.8 ± 1 mya at the top, so it lasted just under 10 million years.

Phylogeny
Carpenter and his co-workers said that this genus most closely resembles Coelurus, though it has some more "primitive" features. Although a 2007 analysis suggested it was a basal Tyrannosaur, later work showed once again its basal position in the Coelurosauria.

References 

Jurassic dinosaurs
Coelurosaurs
Videotape

Videotape is magnetic tape used to record moving images and (usually) sound. Videotape was invented in the 1950s for recording television shows for later broadcasting. In the 1970s it entered use in low-cost filmmaking. In the 1980s analog tape became commonplace at home, and replaced the use of photographic film for home movies. Better digital videotape systems started replacing motion picture film at the end of the 20th century. 21st century video mostly uses digital recording media such as memory cards and hard drives rather than videotape. 

Magnetic tape
Saint Catherine's Monastery

Saint Catherine's Monastery is a monastery in Sinai Peninsula, Egypt. It is part of a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Other websites 

 Official Website of the Holy Monastery of St. Catherine at Mount Sinai
 Saint Catherine Area/ World Heritage Listing on UNESCO's Website
 Saint Catherine Foundation

Archaeological sites in Egypt
World Heritage Sites in Africa
Byzantine Empire
Monasteries
Eastern Orthodox Church
Arabian Desert

The Arabian Desert is a desert in western Asia. It is on most of the Arabian Peninsula. It covers . Most people are Arabs. The main language is Arabic, and the main religion is Sunni Islam.

The countries in the Arabian Desert are Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Qatar, Bahrain, the UAE, Oman, and Yemen.

Animals that live here are gazelles, oryx, sand cats, and spiny-tailed lizards. Very few animals live in the Rub' al Khali in the middle of the desert.

Other websites

Deserts of Asia
My Old Man (Said Follow the Van)

My Old Man is a music hall song. It was written in 1919 by Fred W. Leigh and Charles Collins. Marie Lloyd made the song popular.

Chorus
The chorus is known the most:
   My old man said "Foller the van,
   And don't dilly dally on the way".
   Off went the van wiv me 'ome packed in it,
   I followed on wiv me old cock linnet.
   But I dillied and dallied, dallied and I dillied
   Lost me way and don't know where to roam.
   Well you can't trust a special like the old time coppers
   When you can't find your way 'ome.

References and notes

Other websites  
 Full song lyrics

20th-century songs
Mobridge, South Dakota

Mobridge is a city in the U.S. state of South Dakota. It is in Walworth County, which is in the northern part of the state. It became a city in 1906, and 3,465 people lived there at the 2010 census.

References

Other websites 
City of Mobridge website

Cities in South Dakota
1906 establishments in the United States
1900s establishments in South Dakota
Delusional disorder

The term delusional disorder refers to an uncommon although serious condition in which patients have non-bizarre delusions. These patients function in normal manners. Their delusions are not caused from drugs or general disorders. Examples of these delusions include being followed, spied on or being poisoned, having certain health problems, such as heart disease or stroke.

Mental illnesses
Romanian Television

Televiziunea Română (TVR) is the national television system of Romania. It is made up of many channels (important channels of TVR : TVR1, TVR2, TVR3, TVR HD). It broadcasts most official and important international events. It started in the year 1956.

References

Other websites

 TVR official website
  Six TVR journalists accuse censorship (Ziua, 8 December 2004)

1956 establishments in Europe
Television networks
Romania
20th-century establishments in Romania
Sam Alexander

Sam Alexander (ca. 1920s-1997) was a 20th-century sideshow attraction. His stage name was The Man with Two Faces. As a young man and an employee of the Schubert Theater in Chicago, Illinois, his carelessness with a lit cigarette caused a gasoline explosion that burned off his face. 

After a year in hospital and then a stay in a nursing home, Alexander began wearing a mask and joined a Peter Kortes sideshow. Alexander would tell his story to the audience then remove his mask. It was a shocking exhibition. Alexander was made the blow off for the show.

Alexander went on to work with Ringling Brothers and Barnum & Bailey. At Madison Square Garden in the 1960s, ladies were so shocked by his face he was ordered off the stage. He later worked with the Clyde Beatty Circus. He later started his own sideshow company. Alexander had 72 operations throughout his life to repair his face, all were unsuccessful. Eventually, he decided the remaining years of his life were not best spent behind the mask. He died in 1997.

References
 Hartzman, Marc. 2006. American Sideshow Penguin. pp. 112-113.
 Sideshows: Sam Alexander
 The Human Marvels: Sam Alexander
 Top 10 Famous Side Shows & Peculiar Performers: Sam Alexander

1920s births
1997 deaths
American sideshow attractions
Quetiapine

Quetiapine (better known as Seroquel) is an antipsychotic drug used to treat bipolar disorder and unipolar major depression, though it is used off-label for anxiety problems, Tourette syndrome and autism issues. The side effects of Quetiapine include fatigue, dry mouth and being sleepy. The medication is sometimes used for PTSD.

References

Drugs
Drugs used in psychiatry
Miriam Bryant

Miriam Bryant (born in Gothenburg, Sweden on 8 March 1991) is a Swedish-Finnish singer and songwriter.

Albums
 Raised in Rain (2013) (N12 in Sweden)

Singles
 "Finders, Keepers" (2012)
 "Raised in Rain" (2012)
 "Push Play" (2013) (N13 in Sweden) 
 "Find You" (2014) Zedd ft Matthew Koma and Miriam Bryant
 "Dragon" (2014) (N44 in Sweden)

References

1991 births
Living people
People from Gothenburg
Pop musicians
Swedish singers
Wood Buffalo National Park

Wood Buffalo National Park is a national park and the largest one in Canada. The park is in northeastern Alberta and southern Northwest Territories.

It was named as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1983 because of its biological diversity. The Peace-Athabasca Delta is one of the world's largest freshwater deltas, as well as having a population of wild bison.

Inside the park is the only natural nesting habitat for the endangered whooping crane. The park is also populated by moose, wood bison, black bear, wolf, lynx, beaver, brown bear, snowshoe hare, sandhill crane, ruffed grouse, and the world's northernmost population of red-sided garter snakes.

Other websites

Wood Buffalo National Park; Parks Canada
Wood Buffalo National Park; UNESCO

Geography of British Columbia
Northwest Territories
National parks in Canada
Dark-sky preserves
World Heritage Sites in Canada
County Tipperary

County Tipperary () is a county of Ireland. County Tipperary is in the province of Munster. It is named after the town of Tipperary. The area of the county is in two halves, North Tipperary and South Tipperary. The population of the county as a whole is 158,754, according to the 2011 Irish Census.

Tipperary
Munster