cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Musket

A musket is a muzzleloading, smoothbore firearm, which is meant to be fired from the shoulder. 

The musket is the weapon that replaced the arquebus, and was then replaced by the rifle. But the word musket is also used to describe a number of different weapons including:
 a long, heavy weapon with a matchlock or wheellock and loose powder fired with the gun barrel resting on a stand
 a lighter weapon with a flintlock or percussion cap firing mechanism, with a bayonet. 

Muskets were made for use by infantry. A soldier armed with a musket was called a musketman or musketeer. In the 1500's, soldiers armed with a heavy arquebus, called a musket, supported the arquebusiers and the pikemen. By the start of 1700's, a lighter type of musket took over from the arquebus. When the bayonet was added, there was no longer a need for pikemen, and almost all infantry soldiers became musketeers. The first musket made in the united States was the Springfield Model 1795 Musket. In the 1800's, better ammunition and ways of firing the gun, meant that rifling was practical for military use, and the rifled musket became common. A few years later, the use of cartridges, breechloading, and multiple rounds of ammunition meant the "rifled musket" gave way to the rifle, and "muskets" were no longer used.

Musket calibres ranged from  to . A smoothbore musket, firing at a single target, was only accurate to about  to . Rifled muskets in the 1850's were much better, able to hit a man sized target at up to . The advantage of this longer distance was shown at the Battle of Four Lakes, where Springfield Model 1855 rifled muskets killed Indian warriors before they could get close enough with their smoothbore muskets. However, in the Italian War of 1859, French forces were able to defeat the longer range of Austrian rifle muskets by quick, small attacks and bayonet attacks at close range.

References

Other websites 
 History of Muskets
 Infantry Tactics During the Napoleonic wars - Musketry
 http://www.geocities.com/Yosemite/Campground/8551/ 

1500s
Firearms
ALPHA Collaboration

The ALPHA Collaboration is a group of physicists from about 11 universities who work together (or "collaborate") to try to trap neutral antimatter. The neutral antimatter they are working to trap is antihydrogen. This is the antimatter version of hydrogen, the first atom in the periodic table. Antihydrogen, like hydrogen, has two oppositely charged particles. Hydrogen has a proton and an electron, and so antihydrogen would have an antiproton and a positron. A positron is the common name for the antielectron.

CERN 
The ALPHA collaboration has its experiment at CERN in Geneva in Switzerland. CERN is the only place in the world that can provide "slow" antiprotons that can be easily captured by ALPHA. ALPHA then brings these antiprotons into contact with positrons and form antihydrogen. 

Antihydrogen has, like many atoms and especially hydrogen, a small magnetic dipole moment. A dipole moment is another way of saying that the atom behaves a bit as if it was a tiny magnet with a north and a south pole. Normally such small magnets are attracted to other magnets. However, some atoms in some states behave such that they are repelled by magnetic fields. This means that the atoms could possibly be trapped in space by making a minimum of the magnetic field. ALPHA is trying to do just that with antihydrogen. By a clever arrangement of magnets, ALPHA has a so-called magnetic minimum trap, in which antihydrogen may be trapped. 

This is a difficult process. The magnetic forces on these atoms are quite weak, so the trap can only contain antihydrogen atoms of very low motional (kinetic) energy, that is at very low temperature. The current state-of-the-art ALPHA trap can contain antihydrogen atoms in their ground state if they are colder than about 0.5 Kelvin (i.e. 0.5 degrees above absolute zero). ALPHA is currently working on making such cold antihydrogen.
Nuclear physics

en:Antiproton Decelerator#ALPHA collaboration
fr:ALPHA (expérience)
Forestle

Forestle is a website for finding all kinds of information on the internet; Forestle helps to save the rain forest and reduces the total carbon dioxide (CO2) production. It also offers special features, for example a preview of the websites found during a search. It was invented in 2008.

Helping the environment 

Forestle saves 0.1 square meters (about 0.1 square yards) of rain forest per search. It earns money from showing advertisements along with the websites found, and Forestle guarantees to donate 90% of this money to buy areas of rain forest through its partner organization The Nature Conservancy.  As of October 2009, about  1,991,055 square meters of rain forest have been saved.

For searching the web using Forestle is also essentially CO2-neutral: Of course the server computers used by Forestle, the connection network, and the computer of the searching users need electric energy and thus create emissions of carbon-dioxide; but Forestle purchases an equivalent amount of renewable energy certificates. The certificates are purchased from a part of the 10% of money left after buying rain forest. This makes Forestle one of the few web search sites that are "green certified".

The number of search requests on Forestle.org grows significantly </ref name=proof/>: There were 4000 search requests per day on average in December 2008, about 10000 per day in January 2009 and currently, (March 6, 2009) there are more than 20000 requests per day.

Forestle thus offers a simple alternative form of searching the web in a way that helps the environment.

How large the effects of using such a 'green' search method actually are is discussed.

Special properties

Forestle offers a website preview that shows small versions of the websites found in each search. The search page offered by Forestle is very simple and only contains a window to type in words to be searched for, the search results, and a few links to check related services (for example Google Maps) as well as explanations about how Forestle works. Forestle meanwhile also provides several browser plugins, can be added to iGoogle and can be used in English and German (full versions) as well as in Spanish and Dutch (details partially in English).

Forestle search engine partners

Forestle used the search services of Google until Google forbid them to do that after four days of service; the reasons was that Google and Forestle had a fight: it was not clear whether Forestle broke the terms of service fixed in the contract between them. Forestle.org states that google did not actually give reasons for stopping their service. The action by google to not support Forestle any more immediately drew international attention.<ref
name=immediateattentionInquirer></ref>  Details about the conflict between Google and Forestle are debated. Forestle is now associated with Yahoo.

References

Other websites
Forestle.org
Proof for Saving Rain Forest
Proof of reducing CO2  production

Websites
Hebrew Wikipedia

The Hebrew Wikipedia () is the Hebrew-language edition of Wikipedia. This edition was started in July 2003.

As of October 2015, it is the 39th largest edition of Wikipedia by number of articles.

By February 2012, it had over 130,000 articles, over 534,000 pages and over 33,500 files uploaded.

References

Other websites 
 Hebrew Wikipedia main page

Wikipedias
Websites established in 2003
Dextromethorphan

Dextromethorphan (DXM or DM) is a drug. It is used to prevent coughs in many over-the-counter cold and cough medicines. Dextromethorphan can also be used for pain relief or for psychological conditions. It is sold in syrup, tablet, and lozenge forms, manufactured under several different brand names and generic labels. In its pure form, dextromethorphan is a white powder.

If more is taken than directed, dextromethorphan acts as a dissociative hallucinogenic drug. Its mechanism of action (how it works) is as an NMDA receptor antagonist (blocks a chemical in the brain), producing  effects similar to those of the controlled substances ketamine and phencyclidine (PCP).

References

Drugs
Metrosexual

A metrosexual is a male who is overly concerned with their own physical appearance and grooming. Metrosexual men are known to act like the stereotypical homosexual man.

Culture
Roman à clef

Roman à clef (said like it rhymes with "a don a day") means "novel with a key" in French.  It is a phrase used for talking about literature and movies.  A roman à clef is a type of story that's true for the most part except for details like the name of the main character.  The "key" part of the meaning–what someone needs to unlock the real story–changes from book to book.  For some books it is knowing that the main character is really a famous person.  For others it is knowing that the main character is really the author.

Authors usually write these types of stories (instead of telling the whole truth) to talk about a controversy or what happened during a crime so that the people involved can't sue them.  A couple of movies that are written like this are Citizen Kane (a movie about a man a lot like William Randolph Hearst) and Dreamgirls (a movie about a Motown group a lot like The Supremes).

Because it comes from French, the plural of roman à clef is romans à clef.

Books
Ernst Kaltenbrunner

Ernst Kaltenbrunner (4 October 1903 in Ried im Innkreis – 16 October 1946 in Nuremberg) was an Austrian lawyer. During World War II he was an official of the NSDAP. He was the head of the Reichssicherheitshauptamt (Reich Security Head Office) and Interpol. Kaltenbrunner was the highest SS officer who was charged at the Nuremberg Trials. He was found guilty of war crimes and executed.

1903 births
1946 deaths
Austrian lawyers
Austrian people of World War II
Austrian war criminals
Executed Austrian people
Executed Nazis
Holocaust perpetrators
Nazi leaders
People executed by hanging
RSHA people
SS officers
Austrian Roman Catholics
Typographical error

A typographical error or typo is a word that has been spelt wrong by accident. There are a few ways to make a typo:
 Hitting the wrong key while typing. Example: "Tom amd Jane are friends."
 Pressing the keys in the wrong order. Example: "Tom nad Jane are friends."
 Forgetting to press a key. Example "Tom nd Jane are friends."
 Holding a key too long, causing a letting to be typed twice. Example "Tom andd Jane are friends."

Language
Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany

}}
| death_place       =Rutland House, London
| burial_place      =St. George's Chapel, Windsor
| rank                 = Field Marshal
| branch = British Army
| allegiance = United Kingdom
|}}
Prince Frederick Augustus, Duke of York and Albany, was born on August 16, 1763. He was the second son of George III. He was the heir to the throne from 1820 to his death.

Ancestors 

British royalty
British Dukes and Duchesses
Irish nobility
1763 births
1827 deaths
Prince Augustus Frederick, Duke of Sussex

Prince Augustus Frederick, Duke of Sussex was born (27 January 1773 – 21 April 1843), was the sixth son of George III and his consort, Queen Charlotte.  He was the only son of the King and Queen not to pursue an army or navy career, but he did consider becoming a cleric in the Church of England.

Marriages

Augustus Frederick married twice, but neither was legal in the United Kingdom because under the Royal Marriages Act  he should have asked permission from the King first.

Ancestors

References

1773 births
1843 deaths

House of Hanover
Sussex
Princess Augusta Sophia of the United Kingdom

Princess Augusta Sophia (8 November 1768 – 22 September 1840)was second oldest daughter of George III and Queen Charlotte. She never married and had no children. She died at age 71 in 1840.

Ancestors 

1768 births
1840 deaths
People Buried in St. George's Chapel at Windsor Castle
British royalty
Princess Elizabeth of the United Kingdom

Princess Elizabeth (22 May 1770 – 10 January 1840) was the 7th child of George III and Queen Charlotte. She married Frederick VI, Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg, in 1818. She had no children. She died at age 69. There were plans for her to marry the future Louis Philippe I, but the marriage never took place as he was a Catholic and her father had a deep dislike of Catholic people.

Ancestors 

1770 births
1840 deaths
British royalty
Princess Mary, Duchess of Gloucester and Edinburgh

Princess Mary, Duchess of Gloucester and Edinburgh (25 April 1776 – 30 April 1857) was the fourth daughter and eleventh child of George III and Queen Charlotte. She was the last living child of George III, dying in 1857.

Ancestors

References

1776 births
1857 deaths
British royalty
House of Hanover
Princess Sophia of the United Kingdom

The Princess Sophia (Sophia Matilda; 2 November 1777 – 27 May 1848) was the fifth daughter of George III and Queen Charlotte.

Ancestors 

1777 births
1848 deaths
British royalty
Prince Octavius of Great Britain

Prince Octavius (23 February 1779 - 3 May 1783) was the eighth son of the British king George III and his queen, Charlotte. He died at the age of four. His father King George once said "There will be no heaven for me if Octavius is not there."

1779 births
1783 deaths

British royalty
Prince Alfred of Great Britain

Prince Alfred (22 September 1780 - August 20 1783) was the ninth and last son of George III and Queen Charlotte. He was the first son of George III to die, dying at age two years in 1783.

1780 births
1783 deaths
House of Hanover
Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz

Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (19 May 1744 – 17 November 1818) was the queen of the United Kingdom as the wife of King George III. She was queen consort of the United Kingdom from her marriage on September 8, 1761 to to death, on November 18,1818. Charlotte and George III had 15 children, of whom 13 survived to adulthood. She was the longest consort, serving 58 years. She died in 1818, and George III died two years later.

Ancestors

1744 births
1818 deaths
People Buried in St. George's Chapel at Windsor Castle
Kings and Queens consort of the United Kingdom
Electors and Electresses
Kings and Queens of Hanover
Axilla

The axilla (also known as the armpit, underarm, or oxter) is the area on the human body right under where the joint where the arm connects to the shoulder. The axilla is one of the four places where a medical thermometer can be used to measure human body temperature. The other places are the rectum, mouth, and ear canal.

What is in the area of the axilla
In the area where the axllia is, the body parts that are found are the axillary vein, axillary artery, brachial plexus, lymph nodes, and fat.

Hair of the axilla

During puberty, hair will grow in the underarms. Many women choose to shave or remove this hair because it gives a neater and cleaner look when wearing some types of clothes, however some women do not shave and choose to have a natural look for cultural or symbolic reasons.

Body odor
Body odor occurs in the axilla due to microorganisms.

Due to this, many companies make deodorants to help remove the bad odor.

What the axilla is known for
Many people think of the axilla as being a ticklish spot.

Other words for axilla
In the U.K., the axilla is called the oxter.

Underarm, another word for axilla, only is the outside of the axilla.

Armpit, like underarm, refers to the axilla, but also means an object or place that is smelly or greasy.

Gallery

References

Body parts
Asyut

Asyut is a city in Egypt. It is the capital of the current Asyut Governate.  There is an old city close by the newer city of Asyut.

Twin towns 
The following are the twin towns of Asyut:

 Iaşi, Romania

References  

Cities in Egypt
Ganz (tramcars)

The Ganz (Ganz vállalatok, "Ganz companies") electric works  in Budapest is best known for making tramcars. It was also one of the first to use three-phase alternating current on electric railways. Ganz also made / makes: ships (Ganz Danubius), steel bridges (Ganz Acélszerkezet), high voltage electrical equipment (Ganz Transelektro). Famous engineers employed by Ganz were Kálmán Kandó and Ottó Bláthy. The company is named after Ábrahám Ganz.

Transport companies of Europe
Budapest
Tetraphobia

Tetraphobia is a fear of the number 4.  It is a superstition found most often in East Asian areas, for example China, Japan, Korea, and Taiwan.

The Chinese word for four (, pinyin: sì, jyutping: sei3), sounds very similar to the word for death (, pinyin: sǐ, jyutping: sei2).

Chinese people take care not to use the number 4 during important holidays, or if someone in the family is sick. Numbers such as 14, 24, and so on, are not used because they also have the number 4 in them. Buildings sometimes do not have floors with these numbers, apartments and hotels do not have rooms with number 4, 14, 24 and so on. Table number 4, 14, 24, may be often left out in wedding dinners or other social activities in these countries. Where there are a lot of apartment buildings, buildings that should be 4, 14, 24, are called 3A, 13A, 23A, and so on.

In Hong Kong, some apartments such as Vision City and The Arch do not have the floors from 40 to 49. Immediately above 39/F is 50/F, leading many who do not know about tetraphobia to think that some floors are missing.

The Chinese start numbering their military aircraft with the number 5, such as the fighter plane "Shenyang J-5". The Taiwanese and the South Korean navies do not use the number 4 when giving flag numbers to their ships.

In cities where East Asian and Western cultures come together, like Hong Kong and Singapore, it is possible in some buildings that both 13 and 14 are left out as floor numbers, along with all the other 4s.

In Korea, tetraphobia is not as important, but the floor number 4 is almost always left out in hospitals. In other buildings, the fourth floor is sometimes named "F" (Four) instead of "4" in elevators. Apartment numbers with a lot of the number 4 (such as 404) are hard to sell, and often they are not worth as much money.

References 

Superstitions
Phobias
Princess Augusta of Saxe-Gotha

Princess Augusta of Saxe-Gotha (30 November 1719 – 8 February 1772) was Princess of Wales between 1736 and 1751, and Dowager Princess of Wales thereafter. She was one of only three holders of the title who never became queen. Princess Augusta's eldest son succeeded as George III of the United Kingdom in 1760, as her husband, Frederick, Prince of Wales, had died nine years earlier.

1719 births
1772 deaths
Princes and Princesses of Wales
Princess Elizabeth of Great Britain

Princess Elizabeth (Elizabeth Caroline; 10 January 1741 – 4 September 1759) was a member of the British Royal Family, a grandchild of George II and sister of George III.

Ancestors

References 

1741 births
1759 deaths
British royalty
Claustrophobia

Claustrophobia is a fear of narrow or closed places. It is an anxiety disorder and often results in panic attack.

Phobias
Palace of Whitehall

The Palace of Whitehall was the main home of the English kings and queens in London, from 1530 until 1698, when all except Inigo Jones's 1622 Banqueting House was destroyed by fire. Before the fire, it was the largest palace in Europe, with over 1,500 rooms (at one time it was the largest building in the world).

The palace gives its name—Whitehall—to the road on which many of the buildings of the UK government now stand. The word "Whitehall" can also refer to the central government itself.

History 
It became an official royal palace in 1530 when Henry VII was the king of England. He also included a recreation centre with a bowling green, tennis courts, a pit for cock fighting (now the site of 70 Whitehall) and a tiltyard for jousting. It is estimated that over £30,000 (approaching £11 million in 2007 values) were spent during the 1540s, 50% more than the construction of the entire Bridewell Palace. Henry VIII married two of his wives at the palace—Anne Boleyn in 1533 and Jane Seymour in 1536. It was also at the palace that Henry died. It was a lesser used palace during the reign of the next few monarchs.

Fire 
The palace of Whitehall was destroyed by fire in 1698. Many of the palace's wooden structures were destroyed in the fire. Michelangelo's Cupid is to believed to have been destroyed in the blaze. After this the remaining structures were torn down. Now Whitehall has government buildings on it.

References 

Whitehall, Palace of
Whitehall, Palace of
Buildings and structures in London
1560s establishments in Europe
1698 disestablishments
16th-century establishments in England
1560 establishments
Romanian Wikipedia

The Romanian Wikipedia () is the Romanian-language edition of Wikipedia. This edition was started in June 2003.

It has  articles. This makes it the 30th largest edition.

References

Other websites 
 Romanian Wikipedia main page

Wikipedias
Weekday

A weekday is a day that falls outside of the weekend. In most places, weekdays include Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday and Friday but not Saturday or Sunday.

References
Norbert Wiener

Norbert Wiener (November 26, 1894 – March 18, 1964) was an American theoretical and applied mathematician. He was a child prodigy. His father was a teacher of languages.

Wiener founded cybernetics, the science of control and communication in animals and machines. It is a field that uses the notion of feedback, and is important for engineering, systems control, computer science, biology, philosophy, and the organization of society. The name of the science comes from his book, Cybernetics: Or the Control and Communication in the Animal and the Machine (1948).

"Information is information, not matter or energy". – Norbert Wiener, Cybernetics (1948, 155)

Wiener was born in Columbia, Missouri. He died in Stockholm, Sweden.

Books by Norbert Wiener 
1933: The Fourier Integral and certain of its applications. Cambridge Univ. Press; reprint by Dover.
1942: Extrapolation, interpolation and smoothing of stationary time series. A war-time classified report nicknamed "the yellow peril" because of the color of the cover and the difficulty of the subject. Published postwar 1949 MIT Press.
1948: Cybernetics, or control and communication in the animal and the machine. Wiley, New York 1948. 2nd revised ed. 1961.  
1950: The human use of human beings: cybernetics and society. Houghton Mifflin, New York.
1953: Ex-prodigy: my childhood and youth. Autobiography of his younger years
1956: I am a mathematician. Gollancz, London. Autobiography.
1958: Nonlinear problems in random theory. MIT Press & Wiley.
1959: The Tempter. Random House. Fiction.
1964: Selected papers of Norbert Wiener. Cambridge Mass.  MIT Press & SIAM.
1966: Generalized harmonic analysis and Tauberian theorems. MIT Press.
1966: God & Golem, Inc.: a comment on certain points where cybernetics impinges on religion. MIT Press.
1966: Norbert Wiener 18941964. Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. 72(1). Also published in book form.
1976-84: The mathematical work of Norbert Wiener. Masani P (ed) 4 vols, Camb. Mass. MIT Press. This contains a complete collection of Wiener's mathematical papers with commentaries.
1994: Invention: the care and feeding of ideas. MIT Press.

1894 births
1964 deaths
American mathematicians
Scientists from Missouri
Autobiographers
Systems scientists
Erich Raeder

Erich Johann Albert Raeder (24 April 1876 in Wandsbek - 6 November 1960 in Kiel) was a naval leader in Germany before and during the Second World War. He was made a "Großadmiral" (, equivalent to Admiral of the Fleet) in 1939, which is the highest naval rank. In 1943 he was replaced by Karl Dönitz in his position as head of the German Navy.

Raeder was also one of the 24 charged at the Nuremberg Trials, and was sent to prison.

1876 births
1960 deaths
Admirals
German military personnel of World War II
German prisoners
German war criminals
Nazi leaders
1983 Invasion of Grenada

The Invasion of Grenada, codenamed Operation Urgent Fury, was an invasion of the nation of Grenada ordered by President Ronald Reagan. Grenada is an island in the Caribbean Sea, 100 miles north of Venezuela, and over 1,500 miles south east of the United States. It was invaded by the combined force of troops from the United States (nearly 10,000 troops), Jamaica and members of the Regional Security System (RSS) (approximately 300 troops).

1983 in the United States
Conflicts
History of Grenada
1980s conflicts
Super Mario RPG: Legend of the Seven Stars

, taglined Legend of the Seven Stars, is a role-playing game made by Square Co. (now known as Square Enix) and published by Nintendo. The game was first out on the Super Nintendo Entertainment System in 1996, and then on the Wii's Virtual Console service in 2008.

Gameplay
The gameplay of Super Mario RPG is like other Square role-playing games of Chrono Trigger and the Final Fantasy series. The characters fight enemies by taking turns in a battle-style area. The player controls Mario, Bowser, Princess Toadstool, Mallow and Geno. Each of those characters has special moves they can use on an enemy.

Reception
Super Mario RPG got very good scores, including an 88% average from Game Rankings. The game also sold 1.47 million copies in Japan, which was the third best selling game in that region of 1996.

References 

1996 video games
Mario roleplaying games
Super Nintendo Entertainment System games
Virtual Console games

de:Mario RPG
Whopper

Whopper is a kind of hamburger sold at the fast-food chain Burger King. It is made using a beef patty, lettuce, tomato, sliced onion, pickles, ketchup, and mayonnaise served on a sesame seed bun. Also, cheese can be added at the customer's request. There is also a Double Whopper available.

A Whopper Jr. is the same as the Whopper, but in a smaller size.

The whopper was under controversy when Google Home read out a vandalised description of a whopper from the internet site Wikipedia.

Sandwiches
Direct memory access

Direct memory access  (usually shortened to DMA) is a technology used in Computers and microprocessors. With it, certain hardware components can use parts of the main memory for their applications, without the need to ask the CPU. The CPU will request data from memory once and the DMA will continue to fetch the data, freeing the CPU to do other work. This way, the CPU does not have to request every byte.

Computing
5145 Pholus

5145 Pholus is a Centaur (minor planetoid) of the solar system running in a stretched orbit, with a perihelion (closest approach to the Sun) less than  Saturn's and aphelion (farthest approach from the Sun) farther than Neptune's. Close approaches of the object are not common: it has not come within one astronomical unit (about 150 million km) of a planet since 764 BC, and will not again until 5290. Astronomers think that Pholus started out as a Kuiper belt object.

It was found by David L. Rabinowitz, then of the University of Arizona's Spacewatch Project, and named after Pholus, the brother of the mythological Chiron, after which 2060 Chiron was named to follow the tradition of naming this class of outer planet crossing objects after Centaurs.

Pholus was the second Centaur type asteroid to be found and was quickly found to be very red in color. Because it's very red, it is sometimes called "Big Red". Astronomers think the color is because of organic compounds on its surface.

Unlike the first Centaur, 2060 Chiron, Pholus has shown no signs of cometary activity.

Astronomers think that Pholus' diameter is about 185±16 km.

References 

  SOLEX

Other websites 
 Orbital simulation from JPL (Java) / Ephemeris HORIZONS Web-Interface

Asteroids
Caroline Matilda of Wales

Caroline Matilda of Great Britain (; 11 July 1751 – 10 May 1775) Queen of Denmark and Norway from 1766 to 1772 and a member of the British Royal Family.

Life 
She was born in July of 1751.She was the last child of her father Frederick, Prince of Wales and Augusta. She married Christian VII of Denmark on 8 November 1766 at Christiansborg Castle. She did not know the groom was mentally ill. But the marriage did produce two children. The youngest daughter was thought to be the offspring of the king's doctor and the queen. Nothing was ever proven but the physician was killed and Caroline sent away. She died in May of 1775 at the age of 23.

1751 births
1775 deaths
British royalty
Berengaria of Navarre

Berengaria (, ; c. 1165-1170 – 23 December 1230), was the oldest daughter of Sancho VI of Navarre and Sancha of Castile. Her mother's parents were Alfonso VII of León and Berenguela of Barcelona. She was the wife of Richard I of England. They had no children.

Kings and Queens consort of England
House of Plantagenet
12th-century births
1230 deaths
Henry FitzRoy, 1st Duke of Richmond and Somerset

Henry FitzRoy, 1st Duke of Richmond and Somerset (15 June 1519–23 July 1536) was the son of King Henry VIII of England and his mistress, Elizabeth Blount. Henry had an affair with Elizabeth Blount while he was married to Catherine of Aragon. He was the only illegitimate (a person whose parents are not married) child of Henry VIII that was confirmed by Henry VIII to be his own son. Henry had no other living sons during Fitzroy's lifetime and so Fitzroy was considered as a potential heir to the throne. 

He died in 1536 from a lung disease, probably Tuberculosis, one year before his half-brother Edward VI of England was born. 

1519 births
1536 deaths
English royalty
English Dukes
Kleptomania

Kleptomania (, "to steal", μανία, "mania") is an impulse control disorder. It is mental disorder with a frequent urge of stealing. Kleptomaniacs often steal many of the same thing and hoard, throw away or give away the things they steal. Some may not be aware that they have committed the theft. It is often found in people who have other mental disorders, such as depression, panic attacks, bulimia nervosa, anorexia nervosa, obsessive-compulsive disorder and drug addiction. The condition is more common in females, and especially those with bulimia.

References

Impulse control disorders
Hudson, Florida

Hudson is a census-designated place  found in Pasco County, Florida, in the United States. About 12,500 people live in Hudson as of 2000.

References

Other websites
Hudson, Florida
History of Hudson

Census-designated places in Florida
Brooklyn, Indiana

Brooklyn is a town of the Clay Township in Morgan County, Indiana, in the United States.  About 1,500 people were living in Brooklyn as of 2000.

References 

Towns in Indiana
Qawwali

Qawwali () is an Islamic Sufi type of music, that is famous in Pakistan and India. Mainly performed at Sufi Shrines in Pakistan  and India, Qawwali has also become popular in the world. Singers like Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan are well known for this music due to their excellent voice and ability of singing. Qawwali music is believed to have started 700 years ago. This music is mainly based in Punjab, which is a state of Pakistan.

Pakistani music
Music genres
Pakistani rock

Pakistani rock is a form of rock music from Pakistan. It mixes up Pakistani classical music with American rock. It has its own vibrant elements, with slightly different sounds and tunes. Pakistani rock is mostly sung in Urdu, however large numbers of songs are also sung in languages such as Punjabi, Sindhi, Pashto and Seraiki. Many new music bands are also now singing in English.

History
The rock music of Pakistan first began in the 1990s, with Vital Signs and Junoon as the first rock bands to come out. There were then some other bands like Strings, which also began later. After the year 2000, there were suddenly hundreds of rock music groups across Pakistan that began to create.

Popularity
Pakistani rock music has become massively popular among people in the country. It is listened to in countries such as Iran, Bangladesh, Afghanistan, India and even as far as China and Japan.

Sources

Pakistani music
Rock music
Australia national football team

Australia national football team is the national football team of Australia. Its official nickname is "the Socceroos". The team is under the control of the Football Federation Australia (FFA), which is a member of the Asian Football Confederation. It has also been invited to join the ASEAN Football Federation. Australia's Youth teams play in the ASEAN Youth Tournaments. Australia has been the Oceania Football Confederation champion four times, and has been at three World Cup finals tournaments, in 1974, 2006 and 2010. FIFA Rankings show the Australian National Football team is one of the strongest countries in Asia, and is currently ranked 20th in the world by FIFA. Australia made it to the round of 16 in the 2006 World Cup held in Germany and were knocked out in controversial circumstances by eventual champions Italy. Australia's 2010 world cup finals campaign was also blighted by controversial and mostly incorrect refereeing decisions and lead to the teams eventual elimination in the group stages despite a 2-1 win over a higher ranked Serbian team and a draw against Ghana. Australia will now prepare for the Asian cup in early 2011 and the 2014 world cup qualification.

Most appearances

Top scorers

2010 World Cup 
The Socceroos 2010 World Cup Squad, coached by Pim Verbeek, includes the following players:
James Holland
David Carney
Shane Lowry
Rhys Williams
Michael Beauchamp
Josh Kennedy
Mile Jedinak
Dario Vidosic
Nikita Rukavytsya
Richard Garcia
Brett Holman
Carl Valeri
Brett Emerton
Brad Jones
Mark Schwarzer
Adam Federici
Eugene Galekovic
Mark Milligan
Jade North
Luke Wilkshire
Nick Carle
Jason Culina
Mark Bresciano
Vince Grella
Tim Cahill
Lucas Neill
Harry Kewell
Craig Moore
Scott Chipperfield
Scott McDonald
Tim Oar

References

Oceanian national football teams
Football in Australia
Bhutan national football team

Bhutan national football team is the national football team of Bhutan.

Top scorers

References

Asian national football teams
Sport in Bhutan
Brunei national football team

Brunei national football team is the national football team of Brunei.

References

Asian national football teams
Brunei
Cambodia national football team

Cambodia national football team is the national football team of Cambodia.

References

Asian national football teams
Cambodia
China national football team

China PR national football team is the national football team of China.

Most appearances

Top scorers

References

Asian national football teams
Football in China
Chinese Taipei national football team

Chinese Taipei national football team is the national football team of Chinese Taipei.

References

Notes

Asian national football teams
Taiwan
Guam national football team

Guam national football team is the national football team of Guam.

References

Asian national football teams
Guam
Hong Kong national football team

Hong Kong national football team is the national football team of Hong Kong.

References

Asian national football teams
Football in Hong Kong
India national football team

India national football team is the national football team of India. It has won the AFC challenge Cup in 2008 and ranks 150 in FIFA ranking (2014). The team is managed by Igor Stimac. They have been runners up of Asian Nations Cup (1964). Their best result is to feature in the fourth olympic football tournament's finals in 1956.

References

Asian national football teams
Football in India
Indonesia national football team

Indonesia national football team represents Indonesia in association football.

References

Asian national football teams
Iran national football team

Iran national football team is the national football team of Iran.

Most appearances

Top scorers

References

Asian national football teams
Football in Iran
Iraq national football team

Iraq national football team is the national football team of Iraq.

References

Asian national football teams
Sport in Iraq
Japan national football team

The Japanese national football team is the national football team of Japan.

Most appearances

Top scorers

Coaches
Hitoshi Sasaki (1921)
Masujiro Nishida (1923)
Goro Yamada (1925)
Shigeyoshi Suzuki (1930)
Shigemaru Takenokoshi (1934)
Shigeyoshi Suzuki (1936)
Shigemaru Takenokoshi (1938-1940)
Koichi Kudo (1942)
Hirokazu Ninomiya (1951)
Shigemaru Takenokoshi (1951-1956)
Hidetoki Takahashi (1957)
Taizo Kawamoto (1958)
Shigemaru Takenokoshi (1958-1959)
Hidetoki Takahashi (1960-1962)
Ken Naganuma (1962-1969)
Shunichiro Okano (1970-1971)
Ken Naganuma (1972-1976)
Hiroshi Ninomiya (1976-1978)
Yukio Shimomura (1979-1980)
Masashi Watanabe (1980)
Saburo Kawabuchi (1980-1981)
Takaji Mori (1981-1985)
Yoshinobu Ishii (1986-1987)
Kenzo Yokoyama (1988-1991)
Hans Ooft (1992-1993)
Paulo Roberto Falcão (1994)
Shu Kamo (1994-1997)
Takeshi Okada (1997-1998)
Philippe Troussier (1998-2002)
Zico (2002-2006)
Ivica Osim (2006-2007)
Takeshi Okada (2007-2010)
Hiromi Hara (2010)
Alberto Zaccheroni (2010-2014)
Javier Aguirre (2014-2015)
Vahid Halilhodžić (2015-2018)
Akira Nishino (2018)
Hajime Moriyasu (2018-)

Related pages
 Sports in Japan
 Japan at the Olympics
 Japan women's national football team
List of Japan international footballers

References

Other websites

 Japan Football Association website ; 
  Japanese National Footfall Team Database

Asian national football teams
Football in Japan
South Korea national football team

The South Korea national football team is the national men's football team of South Korea.

Notable achievements
Korea Republic is the most successful Asian football team in the history of the FIFA World Cup having participated in ten World Cup tournaments, which is the most amount of appearances for any Asian country. Korea Republic became the first and only Asian team to reach the semi-final stages, at the 2002 tournament (Where it achieved 4th place), and also won the first two editions of the AFC Asian Cup.

Most appearances

Top scorers

References

Asian national football teams
Football in South Korea
Kuwait national football team

Kuwait national football team is the national football team of Kuwait.

Most appearances

References

Asian national football teams
Sport in Kuwait
Kyrgyzstan national football team

Kyrgyzstan national football team is the national football team of Kyrgyzstan.

Most appearances

Top scorers

References

Asian national football teams
Sport in Kyrgyzstan
Laos national football team

Laos national football team is the national football team of Laos.

References

Asian national football teams
Laos
Lebanon national football team

The Lebanon national football team are a team who play association football for Lebanon. They play most of their matches at the Camille Chamoun Sports City Stadium. The stadium is in Beirut, the capital city of Lebanon. They have never qualified for the World Cup. They have participated twice at the Asian Cup (in 2000 and 2019).

References

Asian national football teams
Sport in Lebanon
Macau national football team

Macau national football team is the national football team of Macau.

References

Asian national football teams
Macau
Malaysia national football team

Malaysia national football team represents Malaysia in soccer.

References

Notes

Asian national football teams
Maldives national football team

Maldives national football team is the national football team of Maldives.

Top scorers

References

Asian national football teams
Maldives
Mongolia national football team

Mongolia national football team is the national football team of Mongolia.

Top scorers

References 

Asian national football teams
Sport in Mongolia
Myanmar national football team

Myanmar national football team represents Myanmar in soccer.

References 

Asian national football teams
Nepal national football team

Nepal national football team is the national football team of Nepal.

References

Asian national football teams
Sport in Nepal
Oman national football team

Oman national football team is the national football team of Oman.

References

Asian national football teams
Sport in Oman
Pakistan national football team

Pakistan national football team is the national football team of Pakistan.

The first division league is known as PPFL(Pakistan Premiere Football League)
Current champions are KRL(Khan Research Laboratories) football club.

References

Asian national football teams
Sport in Pakistan
Palestine national football team

Palestine national football team is the national football team of Palestine.

References

Asian national football teams
Palestinian culture
Philippines national football team

Philippines national football team is the national football team of Philippines.

References

Asian national football teams
Qatar national football team

Qatar national football team is the national football team of Qatar.

References

Asian national football teams
Football in Qatar
Saudi Arabia national football team

Saudi Arabia national football team is the national football team of Saudi Arabia.

References

Asian national football teams
Singapore national football team

Singapore national football team represents Singapore in international football.

References

Asian national football teams
Sri Lanka national football team

Sri Lanka national football team is the national football team of Sri Lanka.

References

Asian national football teams
Sport in Sri Lanka
Syria national football team

Syria national football team is the national football team of Syria.

References

Notes

Asian national football teams
Syria
Tajikistan national football team

Tajikistan national football team is the national football team of Tajikistan.

Top scorers

References 

Asian national football teams
Sport in Tajikistan
Thailand national football team

Thailand national football team is the football team playing on behalf of Thailand.

The coach is Alexandre Polking (as of 2021).

References 

Asian national football teams
Football in Thailand
Timor-Leste national football team

Timor-Leste national football team is the national football team of Timor-Leste.

References 

Oceanian national football teams
Turkmenistan national football team

Turkmenistan national football team is the national football team of Turkmenistan.

Top scorers

References 

Asian national football teams
United Arab Emirates national football team

United Arab Emirates national football team is the national association football team of United Arab Emirates.

Reference

Asian national football teams
Football in the United Arab Emirates
Uzbekistan national football team

Uzbekistan national football team is the national football team of Uzbekistan.

Most appearances

Top scorers

References

Asian national football teams
Football in Uzbekistan
Vietnam national football team

Vietnam national football team is the national football team of Vietnam.

Competitive records

References 

Asian national football teams
Sport in Vietnam
Yemen national football team

The Yemen national football team is the national football team of Yemen.  Yemen has never been at a FIFA World Cup.

Competition records

World Cup record

AFC Asian Cup record

Gulf Cup of Nations record

Arab Nations Cup

References

Asian national football teams
Sport in Yemen
Algeria national football team

Algeria national football team is the national football team of Algeria.

Notable players 
 Lakhdar Belloumi
 Salah Assad
 Rabah Madjer

References

Football in Algeria
African national football teams
Angola national football team

The Angola national football team is the national football team of Angola.

References 

African national football teams
Sport in Angola
Benin national football team

Benin national football team is the national football team of Benin.

References

African national football teams
Benin
Botswana national football team

Botswana national football team is the national football team of Botswana.

References

African national football teams
Botswana
Burkina Faso national football team

Burkina Faso national football team is the national football team of Burkina Faso.

References

African national football teams
Sport in Burkina Faso
Burundi national football team

Burundi national football team is the national football team of Burundi.

References

African national football teams
Burundi
Cameroon national football team

The Cameroon national football team (French: Équipe nationale du camerounaise de football) is the national football team of Cameroon.

Competitive record

FIFA Confederations Cup

Africa Cup of Nations

*Denotes draws including knockout matches decided on penalties.
**Red border color indicates tournament was held on home soil.

African Nations Championship

Summer Olympics

Football at the Summer Olympics has been an under-23 tournament since 1992.

African Games
Football at the African Games has been an under-23 tournament since 1991.

Results and fixtures 

The following is a list of match results in the last 12 months, as well as any future matches that have been scheduled.

2020

2021

Players

Current squad
 The following 25 players were called up for the 2021 Africa Cup of Nations qualifying matches against Cape Verde and Rwanda on 26 and 30 March 2021.
 Caps and goals are correct as  of: 16 November 2020, after the match against Mozambique.

Coaching staff

Records    

Players in bold text are still active with Cameroon.

Managers

References

African national football teams
Sport in Cameroon
1982 establishments in Africa
Central African Republic national football team

Central African Republic national football team is the national football team of Central African Republic.

References

African national football teams
Central African Republic
Chad national football team

Chad national football team is the national football team of Chad.

References

African national football teams
Chad
Comoros national football team

Comoros national football team is the national football team of Comoros.

References

African national football teams
Comoros
Congo national football team

Congo national football team is the national football team of the Republic of the Congo.

References

African national football teams
Republic of the Congo
DR Congo national football team

Congo DR national football team is the national football team of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

References

African national football teams
Democratic Republic of the Congo
Ivory Coast national football team

The Côte d'Ivoire national football team (also known as the Ivory Coast national football team) is the national football team of Côte d'Ivoire.

References

African national football teams
Sport in Ivory Coast
Djibouti national football team

Djibouti national football team is the national football team of Djibouti.

Top scorers

References

African national football teams
Djibouti
Egypt national football team

Egypt national football team is the national football team of Egypt.

Most appearances

Top scorers

References 

African national football teams
Sport in Egypt
Equatorial Guinea national football team

Equatorial Guinea national football team is the national football team of Equatorial Guinea.

References

African national football teams
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea national football team

Eritrea national football team is the national football team of Eritrea.

References

African national football teams
Eritrea
Ethiopia national football team

Ethiopia national football team is the national football team of Ethiopia.

Current Squad

Goalkeepers:

Deyas Adugna

Tadios Getachew

Jemal Sadat

Defenders:

Anwar Siraj

Tamirat Abebe

Bekele Zewdu

Bin lardame

Daniel Teklu

Degu Debebe

Midfielders:

Teshome Getu

Yohanes Wolde Muluken

Girma Ashenafi

Mulualem Regassa

Mesfin Assefa

Daniel Habtamu

Hyder Mensur

Adugna Gelaneh

Ibrahim Hussein

Forwards:

Yordanos Abay

Tafese Tesfaye

Abubakar Ismael

Ermias Kidanu

Andualem Nigussie

Elmedin Mohammed

References

African national football teams
Ethiopia
Gabon national football team

Gabon national football team is the national football team of Gabon.

The team has never qualified for a World Cup. Gabon has participated in 7 Africa Cup of Nations tournaments (1994, 1996, 2000, 2010, 2012, 2015 and 2017).

The team's home stadium is the Stade Omar Bongo in Libreville. The stadium can fit 41,000 people.

Recent matches 

Source:

Records

Top scorers

Most appearances

References

Other websites 
 Homepage of the national team
 Gabon  at FIFA.com

African national football teams
Sport in Gabon
Gambia national football team

Gambia national football team is the national football team of the Gambia.

References

African national football teams
The Gambia
Ghana national football team

Ghana national football team is the national football team of Ghana.

References

African national football teams
Sport in Ghana
Guinea national football team

Guinea national football team is the national football team of Guinea.

References

African national football teams
Guinea