cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Greer Garson

Eileen Evelyn Greer Garson (29 September 1904 – 6 April 1996) was an English actress. She was very popular during the 1940s. She was born in Manor Park, Essex.

After many stage appearances, Greer Garson was signed to a contract with MGM. She became one of the studio's top ten box office draws. Garson received seven Academy Award nominations and she won the award for Mrs. Miniver (1942). After the 1940s, her career declined.

Garson moved to the United States and in 1951 became an American citizen. She died from heart failure at Presbyterian Hospital in Dallas, Texas, on 6 April 1996 at the age of 91.

Other websites 

1904 births
1996 deaths
Academy Award winning actors
Actors from Essex
American movie actors
American stage actors
American television actors
Deaths from heart failure
English movie actors
English stage actors
English television actors
Golden Globe Award winning actors
Naturalized citizens of the United States
Peter Van Wagner

Peter Van Wagner (born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania) is an American movie and television actor. He was in Boardwalk Empire, Arthur, and Tower Heist.

Wagner was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

References

Other websites
 

Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
American movie actors
American television actors
Actors from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Robert Bakker

Bob Bakker (Robert Hethan Bakker, March 24, 1945) was born in Bergen County, New Jersey. He is an American paleontologist and writer, who developed modern ideas about dinosaurs. Bakker studied at Yale University and Harvard University.

Bakker accepted his mentor John Ostrom's idea that dinosaurs were warm-blooded (endothermic). With this as a starting-point, Bakker publicised the "dinosaur renaissance" in paleontological studies. His special field is the ecological context and behavior of dinosaurs.

Bakker has been a major proponent of the theory that dinosaurs were warm-blooded, smart, fast, and adaptable. His main work, The Dinosaur Heresies, was published in 1986. He revealed the first evidence of parental care at nesting sites for Allosaurus. Bakker was among the advisors for the film Jurassic Park and for the 1992 PBS series, The Dinosaurs.

His later book, Raptor Red, has not been filmed.

References

Other websites

Interview with Bakker
 Bio article with information about his then-new book on creationism, theology, Saint Augustine vs. evolution

1945 births
Living people
American academics
American paleontologists
American Pentecostals
Harvard University alumni
Scientists from New Jersey
Writers from New Jersey
Yale University alumni
Educators from New Jersey
Woking

Woking is a large town in Surrey. There are 62,796 people living in the town. Woking is 7 miles (11 km) from Guildford.

References

Towns in Surrey
Wendie Malick

Wendie Malick (born Wendy Malick, December 13, 1950) is an American movie, television, and voice actress, who is known for her roles as Judith Tupper Stone in Dream On, Nina Van Horn in Just Shoot Me! and Ronee Lawrence on the NBC sitcom Frasier. She has won a Golden Globe Award and a Emmy Award.

Malick was born on December 13, 1950 in Buffalo, New York. She studied at Williamsville South High School and at Ohio Wesleyan University. Malick has been married to Mitch Glazer from 1982 until they divorced in 1989. She was married to Richard Erickson since 1995.

References

Other websites

 
 

1950 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
Actors from Buffalo, New York
Golden Globe Award winning actors
Emmy Award winning actors
George Moscone

George Richard Moscone (November 24, 1929 – November 27, 1978) was an American lawyer and politician. He served the mayor of San Francisco from 1976 through 1978. He was a member of the Democratic Party.

Early life
Moscone was born on November 24, 1929 in San Francisco, California. He studied at St. Ignatius College Preparatory and at University of the Pacific.

Personal life
Moscone was married to Gina Bodanza until his death. He had 4 children.

Mayoralty career
Moscone was mayor when he and Harvey Milk were shot dead by Dan White on November 27, 1978 in San Francisco City Hall. Moscone was later buried.

In popular culture
In the 2008 movie Milk, he was played by Victor Garber.

References

Other websites

George Moscone at Findagrave
Controversial commissioned bust of George Moscone by Robert Arneson 

1929 births
1978 deaths
American murder victims
Mayors of San Francisco
Murders by firearm in the United States
US Democratic Party politicians
Peter Orlovsky

Peter Anton Orlovsky (July 8, 1933 – May 30, 2010) was an American poet, writer and movie actor. He was the lifelong partner of Allen Ginsberg. Orlovsky was in 3 movies: Pull My Daisy, Chappaqua and Me and My Brother.

Orlovsky was born on July 8, 1933 in New York City, New York and studied at Columbia University. Orlovsky's father was a Russian immigrant. Orlovsky died on May 30, 2010 in Williston, Vermont from lung cancer, aged 76. He was buried in Williston.

References

Other websites
 

1933 births
2010 deaths
Actors from New York City
American movie actors
American poets
Cancer deaths in the United States
Deaths from lung cancer
LGBT people from New York
LGBT writers
Writers from New York City
Cancer deaths in Vermont
Epsom

Epsom is a town in northern Surrey. The town is known for its race course and the horse race held there. It is owned by the Jockey Club, it is one of few racecourses in the UK that maintains a fantastic relationship with Queen Elizabeth, who attends annually to watch The Derby in early June. The first recorded race held at Epsom Downs Racecourse was in 1661.  The Epsom Grandstand Association controlled racing on the course from the mid 19th century. 

The town also gives it name to epsom salts which are found in mineral water here. By the end of the Georgian period (early 1800s) Epsom was a spa town. After the Restoration of Charles II in 1660 its popularity increased, and visitors included Nell Gwyn and Samuel Pepys. The popularity of the spa declined after about 1725, but by then numerous large houses had been built by wealthy people who appreciated the nearness to London. Assembly rooms were built and still stand as the Assembly Rooms public house. Some remains of this are its water pump, wells and exhibits in the town's museum. A housing estate has been built upon the wells in the south-west of the town.

References

Spa towns in the United Kingdom
Towns in Surrey
Louis Persinger

Louis Persinger (b. Rochester, Illinois, USA, 11 February 1887; died New York 31 December 1966)  was an American violinist and pianist.

Louis Persinger first performed in public when he was 12 years old.  He studied at the Leipzig Conservatory with Hans Becker,  and later with  Eugène Ysaÿe in Brussels, and for two summers with Jacques Thibaud in France. He became leader of the Berlin Philharmonic orchestra and the Royal Opera Orchestra in Brussels.  In 1912 he returned to the USA and played with the Philadelphia Orchestra conducted by Leopold Stokowski.  In 1915 he was appointed leader and assistant conductor of the San Francisco Symphony Orchestra. He followed Leopold Auer in 1930 as a teacher at the Juilliard School, in New York.

Besides his work performing with orchestras he played chamber music, forming his own string quartet and directing the Chamber Music Society of San Francisco.

Persinger is particularly remembered now as the teacher of several great violinists, including Yehudi Menuhin, Ruggiero Ricci, Isaac Stern.   His way of teaching was different from that of most other teachers.  He focussed on things that would make his pupils interested and used simple words.

As a piano accompanist he played with Ruggiero Ricci for many recitals and recordings.  He also played for Yehudi Menuhin when the 10 year old boy gave his first recital in New York.

On his 75th birthday he gave a recital at the Julliard School of Music, playing half the programme on the violin and the other half on the piano.

References
 The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians ed Stanley Sadie vol 14 (1980) 
 Unfinished Journey, Yehudi Menuhin (1976), Macdonald and Jane's.  

American violinists
Concertmasters
American pianists
1887 births
1966 deaths
Madeleine Stowe

Madeleine Stowe (born August 17 1958) is an American movie and television series actress. She starred in movies such as Revenge, Stakeout and The Two Jakes. She was born in Los Angeles, California.

Filmography

Movies

References 

Actors from Hollywood
American movie actors
American television actors
1958 births
Living people
William Cobbett

William Cobbett (9 March 1763– 18 June 1835) was a journalist and Member of Parliament for England for the Radicals. He made many journeys around England. He wrote a book called Rural Rides about what he saw.

References

1763 births
1835 deaths
English essayists
English journalists
Former members of the British House of Commons for English constituencies
Writers from Surrey
Carol Kane

[[File:Carol Kane Gene Wilder 1977.jpg|thumb|right|250px|{{Center|Carol Kane and Gene Wilder in a publicity photo for The World's Greatest Lover}}]]
Carolyn Laurie "Carol" Kane (born June 18, 1952) is an American actress. On television, she won an Emmy Award for her acting on the series Taxi. She has been in many movies including Annie Hall, Jumpin' Jack Flash and The Princess Bride. On Broadway, she worked on the musical Wicked''.  Kane was born near Cleveland, Ohio.

References 

Actors from Cleveland, Ohio
American movie actors
American musical theatre actors
American television actors
American voice actors
Emmy Award winning actors
1952 births
Living people
Will Arnett

Will Arnett (born May 4, 1970) is a Canadian-American actor, voice actor, comedian and producer. He starred in the Arrested Development and 30 Rock. He also played Lego Batman in animated movies, The Lego Movie, The Lego Batman Movie and The Lego Movie 2: The Second Part.

Arnett was born in Toronto. He married Penelope Ann Miller from 1994 to 1995. Arnett married Amy Poehler from 2003 to 2016. They have two children.

References

Other websites

 

1970 births
Actors from Toronto
Canadian movie actors
Canadian television actors
Canadian voice actors
Canadian stage actors
Living people
American voice actors
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
Actors who played Batman
James Lipton

James Louis Lipton (September 19, 1926 – March 2, 2020) was an American writer, composer, movie, television actor and host of the television show Inside the Actors Studio. He created the show in 1994 and hosted it until 2018.

Lipton was born on September 19, 1926 in Detroit, Michigan and studied at Central High School and Wayne State University for a year. Lipton was married to Nina Foch from 1954 until they divorced in 1959. He married Kedakai Turner in 1970.

Lipton died of bladder cancer at his home in New York City on March 2, 2020 at the age of 93.

References

Other websites

1926 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from bladder cancer
Cancer deaths in New York City
American composers
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
American television personalities
American television writers
Writers from Detroit, Michigan
Actors from Detroit, Michigan
Roger Allam

Roger Allam (born 26 October 1953) is an English movie, television, radio, voice and stage actor. He is known for his roles as Inspector Javert in Les Misérables and as E.P. Arnold Royalton in Speed Racer. He has won two Olivier Awards in 2002 and in 2011, and another for best supporting actor. Roger Allam is also known for the role of Fred Thursday in the British Murder Mystery Show Endeavour.

Allam was born 26 October 1953 in London, England. Allam is married to Rebecca Saire. They have two sons.

References

Other websites
 Official website of Roger Allam
 Roger Allam fansite
 
 

1953 births
Living people
English movie actors
English television actors
English stage actors
English voice actors
English radio actors
Actors from London
Louis C.K.

Louis Szekely (born September 12, 1967) or Louis C.K. is an American comedian, writer, director, editor and actor. He is known for the series Louie. He won two Emmy Awards between in 1999 and 2012.

C.K. was born in Washington, D.C.. C.K. married Alix Bailey from 1995 to 2008. They have two children.

In November 2017, The New York Times reported that five women said that C.K. committed sexual misconduct allegations.

References

Other websites

 
 

1967 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors

Comedians from Washington, D.C.
American television directors
Actors from Washington, D.C.
Writers from Washington, D.C.
Emmy Award winning actors
Webby Award winners
Tom Bergeron

Thomas Raymond Bergeron (born May 6, 1955) is an American television personality and game show host who is best known as the host of America's Funniest Home Videos and the host of Dancing with the Stars. He has won two Emmy Awards in 2000 and in 2012.

Bergeron was born on May 6, 1955, in Haverhill, Massachusetts. Bergeron has been married to Lois Bergeron since 1982. They have two daughters.

References

Other websites

1955 births
Living people
American television personalities
Actors from Massachusetts
Emmy Award winners
People from Haverhill, Massachusetts
Bisma Karisma

Bisma Karisma (born in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia, November 27, 1990)  is an Indonesian singer, dancer and actor. He is a member of the boy band SM*SH.

TV series 
 "Cinta Cenat Cenut" (2011) as Bisma
 "Cinta Cenat Cenut 2" (2011) as Bisma

Discography

As SM*SH Member 
 I Heart You (2010)
 Senyum Semangat (2011)
 Ada Cinta (2011)
 Akhiri Saja (2011)
 Selalu Bersama (2011)
 Pahat hati (2012)

References

Others website 
 Sm*sh: Boyband Asli Indonesia 

1990 births
Living people
Pop musicians
Indonesian singers
Amanda Donohoe

Amanda Donohoe (June 29 1962) is an English television series, movie and stage actress. She has had many notable roles. She starred in L.A. Law in the very early 1990s and in 1997's Liar Liar. She was born near London, England.

In February 1991, Donohoe was in the first of the so-called "lesbian kiss episodes" on American television. Her character C.J. Lamb on L.A. Law kissed Abbie Perkins, played by Michele Greene.

Donohoe is of Russian, Swiss and Irish ancestry. Her partner is the multidisciplinary artist Russell Haswell. The couple live in Suffolk.

Filmography

Movies
Foreign Body as Susan Partridge (1986)
Castaway as Lucy Irvine (1987)
The Lair of the White Worm as Lady Sylvia Marsh (1988)
The Rainbow as Winifred Inger (1989)
Dark Obsession (aka Diamond Skulls) as Ginny Bruckton (1989)
Paper Mask as Christine Taylor (1990)
The Substitute as Gayle Richardson (1993)
A Womans Guide To Adultery as Jo Saxon (1994)
The Madness of King George as Lady Pembroke (1995)
Liar Liar as Miranda (1997)
A Knight in Camelot as Queen Guinevere (1998)
Circus as Gloria (2000)
Glory Glory as Widow (2000)
Mary Higgins Clark Lucky Day (2002)
Starship Troopers 3 as Admiral Enolo Phid (2008)

Television

L.A. Law as Cara Jean Lamb (1990–92)
Screen Two: The Laughter Of God as Jane Clemant (1991)
Frasier as Catherine (1994)
Murder Most Horrid as Carmela Vezza (1994)
The Thorn Birds: The Missing Years as Meggie Cleary O'Neill (1996)
Ally McBeal as Marianne Holt (1997)
Batman Beyond as The Queen (1999–2001) (Voice)
In the Beginning as Zuleika (2000)
The Legend of Tarzan as Lady Waltham (2001) 1 Episode
Lucky Day as Nora Barkin (2002)
Murder City as DI Susan Alembic (2004–06)
Bad Girls as Lou Stoke (2006)
Emmerdale as Natasha Wylde (2009–10)
Loose Women as herself (2010) 2 Episodes

Stage
Cymbeline as Helen (1984)
Great Expectations as Estella (1984)
The Admirable Crichton as Lady Catherine (1984)
Uncle Vanya as Yelena (1996)
Miss Julie as Miss Julie (1996)
The Graduate as Mrs Robinson (2001)
Hedda Gabler as Hedda Gabler (2005)

Awards and nominations
Donohoe won a Golden Globe Award for her role in L.A. Law.  She was nominated for an Outer Critics Circle Award for her Broadway debut in Uncle Vanya.

References

1962 births
Living people
Actors from London
English movie actors
English stage actors
English television actors
Colville Young

Sir Colville Norbert Young, GCMG, MBE (born 20 November 1932) is a Belizean politician who was the 2nd Governor General of Belize. He was appointed as Governor General in 1993 by Queen of the United Kingdom, Elizabeth II: she is also Queen of Belize because Belize is a commonwealth realm. In 2021, he retired as Governor General.

References

1932 births
Living people
Governors-General of Belize
Dean Barrow

Dean Oliver Barrow (born 2 March 1951) was the Prime Minister of Belize.  He was leader of the United Democratic Party. He started his first term as Prime Minister after victory in the 2008 Belizean general election, started his second term as Prime Minister after victory in the 2012 election and started his third term as Prime Minister after victory in the 2015 elections. Citing health issues, Barrow stated that he will step down no later than the end of 2019 but hinted he could do so earlier. An election to select the next Leader of the United Democratic Party and Barrow's successor is scheduled for May 2019 before the November 2020 Belizean general election. Orson Elrington

Related pages
Premiership of Dean Barrow

1951 births
Lawyers
Prime Ministers of Belize
Living people
Attorneys general
Governor-General of Belize

The Governor-General of Belize is Her Majesty's representative in all matters about Belize.

Governors-General of Belize, 1981-present
Dame Elmira Minita Gordon, GCMG, GCVO (21 September 1981–17 November 1993)
Sir Colville Young, GCMG, MBE (17 November 1993–30 April 2021)
Froyla Tzalam (since 27 May 2021)

References

Other websites
Georgetown University
List of prime ministers of Belize

This is a list of prime ministers of Belize. The Prime Minister is the head of government of Belize.

First Minister of British Honduras (1961-1964)

Premier of British Honduras (1964-1973)

Premier of Belize (1973-1981)

Prime ministers of Belize (1981-present)

References 

Lists of prime ministers
Prime Ministers of Belize
Andres Bonifacio

General Andres Bonifacio Bonifacio y de Castro and Andres Bonifacio (30 November 1863 – 10 May 1897) was a Filipino resistance movement member, revolutionary, and soldier. He founded the independence group Katipunan. He was the first President of the Philippines Provisional Revolutionary government, serving between 1896 and 1897.

Related pages
 Katifunan

References

Other websites 
Ang Supremo – Filipino Culture by The Pinoy Warrior and What if Andres Bonifacio had a Facebook Page?
 The Records of the Court Martial of Andres and Procopio Bonifacio  Full text and online collection of court documents in Spanish and old Tagalog with regards to the Andres and Procopio Bonifacio trial.
 The Courtmartial of Andres Bonifacio  English translation of the historical court documents and testimonies in the trial and execution of Andres and Procopio Bonifacio processed by Filipiniana.net 
 Ang Dapat Mabatid ng mga Tagalog  Summary and full text of an article written by Andres Bonifacio in the Katipunan newspaper Kalayaan posted in Filipiniana.net 
 Andres Bonifacio: 1863–1897. United States Library of Congress.

1863 births
1897 deaths
Filipino educators
Filipino politicians
Murder victims
Autobiographers
Cesar Virata

Cesar Enrique Aguinaldo Virata (born 12 December 1930) is a Filipino politician. He was Prime Minister of the Philippines from June 30 1981 to February 25 1986 and Finance minister from 1984 to 1986.

Other websites 
 Aquino Abolishes Assembly, Declares Interim Government

References

1930 births
Living people
Autobiographers
Prime Ministers of the Philippines
Dendrochronology

Dendrochronology is tree-ring dating. It is a method of dating which uses the patterns of growth rings in trees. In many types of wood, the time rings were formed can be dated to the exact calendar year. 

Dendrochronology has three main uses: 
radiocarbon dating, where it is used to calibrate radiocarbon ages.
archaeology, where it is used to date old buildings, etc.
palaeoecology, where it is used to determine certain aspects of past climates 

In some parts of the world, it is possible to date wood back a few thousand years, or even many thousands. The maximum for "fully anchored chronologies" is a little over 11,000 years from present. The term "fully anchored chronology" means the dates are absolutely certain.

History 
Dendrochronology (word derived from Greek , dendron, "tree limb"; , khronos, "time"; and , -logia) was developed during the first half of the 20th century originally by the astronomer A.E. Douglass, who founded the Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research at the University of Arizona. Douglass researched sunspot activity. He expected changes in solar activity would affect climate patterns on Earth. The climate would be recorded by tree-ring growth patterns.

The phenomenon of tree rings and their relationship with wet and dry years had been noticed before Douglass. There is a brief note in one of Leonardo da Vinci's notebooks, and Charles Babbage in 1837 came up with the same idea.

How it works 
Many trees in temperate zones make one growth ring each year, with the newest adjacent to the bark. Through a tree's life, a year-by-year ring pattern is formed which reflects the climatic conditions in which the tree grew. Adequate moisture and a long growing season result in a wide ring. A drought year may result in a very narrow one. 

Alternating poor and favorable conditions, such as mid summer droughts, can result in several rings forming in a given year. Problems like this are fixed by comparing one part of the world with another. Missing rings are rare in oak and elm trees: the only recorded instance of a missing ring in oak trees occurred in the year 1816, also known as the Year without a Summer. 

Trees from the same region will tend to develop the same patterns of ring widths for a given period. These patterns can be compared and matched ring for ring with trees growing in the same geographical zone and under similar climatic conditions. Following these tree-ring patterns from living trees back through time, chronologies can be built up, both for entire regions, and for sub-regions of the world. Thus wood from ancient structures can be matched to known chronologies (a technique called cross-dating) and the age of the wood determined precisely. 

The tree-ring dates can be extended back to 26,000 BP by using other methods. Those other methods use marine sediment layers and growth rings in corals.

References 

Trees
Dating methods
Royal Tyrrell Museum of Palaeontology

The Royal Tyrrell Museum of Palaeontology (RTMP, and often referred to as the Royal Tyrrell Museum) is a popular Canadian tourist attraction. It is a leading centre of palaeontological research which has more than 130,000 fossils.

The museum is  from Drumheller, Alberta and  from Calgary. It is in the middle of the fossil-bearing strata of the Upper Cretaceous Horseshoe Canyon Formation. Its specimens come mainly from Dinosaur Provincial Park and the Devil's Coulee Dinosaur Egg Historic Nest Site.

The Royal Tyrrell Museum's mission is to "collect, preserve, research and interpret palaeontological history with special reference to Alberta’s fossil heritage".

History 
The Museum is named in honour of Joseph Tyrrell, a geologist who discovered the first dinosaur in the Red Deer River Valley in 1884. The Museum opened September 25, 1985 and was given Royal status by Queen Elizabeth II in 1990. In its first year of operation, the Museum attracted over 500,000 visitors. The average annual number of visitors is about 400,000. In 2010 the museum welcomed its 10-millionth visitor, a young boy from Edmonton.

Collections and exhibits 
More than  of the museum's  is dedicated to exhibits. There are chronological galleries celebrating the 3.9 billion year history of life on Earth. One of the most popular is "Dinosaur Hall", with almost 40 mounted dinosaur skeletons, including specimens of Tyrannosaurus rex and Albertosaurus. Other exhibits include "Lords of the Land"; "Burgess Shale"; "Devonian Reef", a life-size model of a 375 million year old reef; a "Cretaceous Garden", with over 600 living species of plants; "Age of Mammals"; and "Ice Ages".

"Triassic Giant" is a  long specimen of the largest known marine reptile. The  long ichthyosaur Shonisaurus sikanniensis was recovered from the shores of the Sikanni Chief River in northeastern British Columbia.

A window into the "Preparation Lab" allows visitors to watch technicians as they carefully prepare fossils for research and exhibition. There are also tours of the badlands; the hands-on "Nexen Science Hall" with interactive exhibits; simulated fossil digs, and summer camps for children and families, and much more.

References 

Museums in Canada
1985 establishments in North America
1980s establishments in Canada
Natural history museums
Witenagemot

The Witenagemot or Witan was an institution in Anglo-Saxon England, from about the 7th to the 11th century. The name is Old English and means council of the wise men. Originally, Witan was the plural of wita (the wise man); but it was used as a singular. The council was similar to the Germanic assembly called Thing. 

The purpose of the Witenagemot was to give an opinion about the administration and the organisation of the kingdom. They talked about how law should develop. They elected or confirmed the king. The Witenagemot also had the power to depose a king. This happened when they deposed Sigeberht of Wessex in 755. They also deposed Æthelwald Moll of Northumbria in 765.
Witans were held at least once a year; usually more often. In many respects they were similar to modern-day Parliament. Unlike Parliament, the locations where they were held changed; neither the Witans nor the king had a permanent place to stay. 

When the Normans invaded England in 1066, they replaced the Witenagemot with another institution. This institution was still known as Witan or Witenagemot until the 12th century.

History of England
Law
Wheatland, Iowa

Wheatland is a city in Clinton County, Iowa, United States.

Cities in Iowa
Chorea

Chorea (sometimes called Choreia) is the name for a set of symptoms caused by some neurological conditions. The word "chorea" comes from Greek, where it means "dance". People with chorea move without being able to control those movements. The movements seem to spread from one muscle to the next. 

Chorea is one of the main symptoms of Huntington's disease. 

Some forms of chorea are not linked to neurological conditions, though. Chorea can develop as a complication of pregnancy.  It can be a sign of hyperthyroidism. It can also be caused by drugs taken in the wrong dose. For example, L-Dopa (taken against Parkinson's disease), certain forms of birth control, or certain antipsychotics can cause chorea if they are used in the wrong doses.

Symptoms
Vermouth

Vermouth is a sweet wine, that has been converted to a spirit. It usually has between 15 and 18 percent of alcohol. Also, certain herbs are added to flavour the wine. Its name is derived from a plant called Artemisia absinthium, which makes it taste slightly bitter. It is often used for cocktails. In its current form, Vermouth was first made in Turin, in 1757. In the 19th century, it was also produced in France. Vermouth is also popular in parts of Spain. Vermouth is sometimes used as a substitute for white wine in cooking. 

Vermouth is not the same as the spirit called Absinthe. Absinthe is also based on Artemisia absinthium, but it has 45-50 percent alcohol per volume. 

Alcoholic spirits
National Treasure (movie)

National Treasure is a 2004 American action thriller movie starring Nicolas Cage.  It was made by the Walt Disney Studios under Walt Disney Pictures.

Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment released Blu-ray Disc versions of National Treasure and its sequel, National Treasure 2: Book of Secrets, on May 20, 2008.

Cast
Nicolas Cage as Ben Gates
Diane Kruger as Abigail Chase
Justin Bartha as Riley Poole
Sean Bean as Ian Howe
Jon Voight as Patrick Gates
Harvey Keitel as Sadusky
Christopher Plummer as John Adams Gates
David Dayan Fisher as Shaw
Stewart Finlay-McLennan as Powell
Oleg Taktarov as Shippen
Stephen Pope as Phil
Annie Parisse as Agent Dawes
Mark Pellegrino as Agent Johnson
Armando Riesco as Agent Hendricks
Erik King as Agent Colfax
Don McManus as Dr. Stan Herbert
Ron Canada as Guard Woodruff
Hunter Gomez as Young Ben Gates
Deborah Yates as Rebecca
Jason Earles as Thomas Gates
Terrence Currier as Charles Carroll
Antony Alda as Guard Ferguson
Sam Schwab as Young Kirby
John Travis as Guard Mike

Release dates

References

Other websites

2004 movies
American action movies
American adventure movies
American mystery movies
American thriller movies
Disney movies
English-language movies
2000s adventure movies
Rose Marie

Rose Marie (born Rose Marie Mazzetta; August 15, 1923 – December 28, 2017) was an American actress and comedienne, with a career spanning nine decades. As a child performer she had a successful singing career as Baby Rose Marie. A veteran of vaudeville, her career included film, radio, records, theater, night clubs, and television.

Her best known role was Sally Rogers on The Dick Van Dyke Show.  She later portrayed Myrna Gibbons on The Doris Day Show and was also a frequent panelist on Hollywood Squares. She was among the first major stars to be known simply by her first names and is the subject of a documentary film Wait for Your Laugh (2017), which features interviews from numerous co-stars, including Carl Reiner, Dick Van Dyke, Peter Marshall, and Tim Conway.

Early life
Marie was born Rose Marie Mazetta in New York City, New York on August 15, 1923.

Career
At age 3, Marie started performing under the name Baby Rose Marie. At age 5, she became a radio star on NBC and made a series of movies.

In her teenage years, she was a nightclub and lounge performer in before becoming a radio comedienne. She was billed then as "The Darling of the Airwaves." According to her autobiography Hold the Roses, Marie was assisted in her career by many members of organized crime, including Al Capone and Bugsy Siegel. She performed at the opening night of the Flamingo Hotel which was built by Siegel.

Personal life
Marie was married to trumpeter Bobby Guy from 1946 until his death in 1964. The couple had one daughter, Georgiana.

Marie was a feminist.

Death
On December 28, 2017, Marie died in her home in Van Nuys, California of natural causes at age 94.

References

Other websites

 

1923 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from natural causes
Disease-related deaths in Los Angeles
American voice actors
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American radio actors
American musical theatre actors
American autobiographers
American feminists
American child actors
Actors from New York City
Comedians from New York City
Singers from New York City
Writers from New York City
Apolinario Mabini

Apolinario Mabini (July 23, 1864 — May 13, 1903) was a Philippine resistance activist, lawyer, and journalist. He was the prime minister and foreign minister of the Provisional Revolutionary Government of the Philippines (1898). He was the First Chairman of the Philippine Supreme Court (1898 - 1899).

Book 
 La revolución filipina (1931)

References

Other websites 

 Apolinario Mabini 
 The Philippine Revolution, by Apolinario Mabini at the Austrian-Philippine Page at Institute of Social Anthropology, University of Vienna
 Msc.edu Mabini
 Apolinario Mabini essays  Apolinario Mabini's essays on the 1898 Philippine Provisional Revolution governments

1864 births
1903 deaths
Autobiographers
Filipino educators
Filipino journalists
Murder victims
Prime Ministers of the Philippines
Manuel Roxas

Manuel Acuna Roxas (January 1, 1892 – April 15, 1948) was a Filipino politician. He was the President of the Philippine Commonwealth (1946) and the first President of the Third Philippine Republic (1946 - 1948). He was a Minister of the Philippine Commonwealth, Secretary of Finance (1938 – 1941) and Executive Secretary of Third Philippine Republic (1942). The Philippine Commonwealth was abolished after he was elected as President of the Third Philippine Republic.

Other websites 

 The Philippine Presidency Project 
 A Country Study: Philippines
 Manuel A. Roxas Elementary School 

1892 births
1948 deaths
Filipino educators
Presidents of the Philippines
Autobiographers
Raja (1995 movie)

Raja is a 1995 Bollywood movie directed by Indra Kumar. The movie has Sanjay Kapoor and Madhuri Dixit in the title roles. The movie became a hit at the box office.

Cast 
 Sanjay Kapoor as Raja
 Madhuri Dixit as Madhu Garewal
 Paresh Rawal as Brijnath 'Birju' Patangwala
 Mukesh Khanna as Rana Mahednra Pratap Garewal
 Dalip Tahil as Vishwa Garewal
 Rita Bhaduri as Sumitra Garewal

Soundtrack
The film had songs made by Nadeem-Shravan while lyrics were written by Sameer. All songs were hit that year.

References

Other websites 
 

1995 movies
1990s Indian movies
Madhuri Dixit

Madhuri Dixit (born 15 May 1967) is an Indian actress who appear in Bollywood movies.
Dixit has won five Filmfare Awards, four for Best Actress and one for Best Supporting Actress. She holds the record for the highest number of Best Actress nominations (13) at Filmfare. In 2008, she was awarded the Padma Shri, India's fourth-highest civilian award by the Government of India.

Career
She made her Bollywood debut with the movie Abudh in 1984. Her first breakthrough performance came in 1988, with the movie Tezaab. The movie also established her career in the industry. Since then she has appeared in movies like Dil, Beta, Khalnayak, Raja, Dil To Pagal Hai, Hum Tumhare Hain Sanam, Devdas, Aaja Nachle. 
She took a break after Devdas to raise her children and made a comeback with Aaja Nachle in 2007.

Personal life
She is married to Dr. Shriram Madhav and they have two children.

Awards

Honors and Recognitions

1997: Kalabhinetri Award by the Government of Andhra Pradesh
2001: National Citizen's Award
2007: Bollywood's Best Actress Ever
2008: Padma Shri, India's fourth highest civilian award, by Government of India
2008: Honored at IFFLA (Indian Film Festival of Los Angeles)

Awards

1990: Filmfare Best Actress Award for Dil
1992: Filmfare Best Actress Award for Beta
1994: Filmfare Best Actress Award for Hum Aapke Hain Kaun
1994: Star Screen Best Actress Award for Hum Aapke Hain Kaun
1995: Star Screen Award Best Actress for Raja
1997: Filmfare Best Actress Award for Dil To Pagal Hai
1997: Star Screen Award Best Actress for Mrityudand
1998: Zee Cine Award for Best Actor - Female for Dil To Pagal Hai
2000: IIFA Best Actress Award for Pukar
2002: Filmfare Best Actress Award for- Devdas
2002: Star Screen Best Supporting Actress Award for Devdas
2002: Zee Cine Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role - Female for Lajja

Filmography

References

Other websites
 
 
 

Living people
Indian actors
1967 births
Natural killer cell

Natural killer cells (or NK cells) are a type of lymphocyte critical to the innate immune system. NK cells provide a rapid response to cells infected by viruses, or to bacterial cells. The response happens about 3 days after infection. NK cells also respond to tumour formation. 

NK cells are unique: they have the ability to recognise stressed cells in the absence of antibodies and major histocompatibility complex (MHC). This allows for a much faster immune reaction.

In early experiments in cancer patients and animals, investigators found what was called a "natural" reactivity. That is, a certain population of cells seemed to be able to kill tumour cells without previously being sensitized to them. At first many thought that these observations were artifacts. However, by 1973, 'natural killing' activity was established across a wide variety of species, and the existence of a separate line of cells with this ability was suggested.

Function 
To control their cytotoxic activity, NK cells have two types of surface receptors: activating receptors and inhibitory receptors. When the NK cell is activated, it destroys the cells which have switched it on. 

Small granules in their cytoplasm contain proteins and enzymes called granzymes. They are released close to a cell which has triggered their action. A protein perforin forms pores in the cell membrane of the target cell, creating a channel through which enzymes and other molecules can enter. This kills the target cell. The details vary according to whether the target is a virus, a bacterium or a tumour cell.

Hypothesis 
These inhibitory receptors recognize MHC class I molecules, which could explain why NK cells kill cells with low levels of MHC class I molecules. This inhibition is crucial to the role played by NK cells. MHC class I molecules are main way cells display viral or tumor antigens to cytotoxic T-cells. A common evolutionary adaptation to this seen in both intracellular microbes and tumours is a long-term down-regulation of these MHC I molecules. This makes the cells impervious to T-cell action. NK cells may have evolved as an evolutionary response: the loss of MHC would deprive these cells of the inhibitory effect of MHC and make them vulnerable to NK cell attack.

NK cell function in adaptive response 
The adaptive immune response generates memory cells after a primary infection. Then there is a rapid response to later infections by the same antigen. Earlier it was thought that NK cells play no role in the adaptive immune responses, but now it seems they do.

References 

Blood cells
Immunology
Juan Luna

Juan Luna de San Pedro y Novicio Ancheta (; October 23, 1857 – December 7, 1899) was a Filipino nationalist, painter, artist, sculptor and Revolution activist. A prominent artist, he has been called the Philippines' national painter.

Other websites 

 INQUIRER.net: Juan Luna's work 
 López Memorial Museum: Juan Luna 

1857 births
1899 deaths
Painters
Sculptors
Filipino politicians
Autobiographers
Charles Fleischer

Charles Fleischer (born August 27, 1950) is an American stand-up comedian, actor, voice artist, and comedian. He is best known as the voice of Roger Rabbit in the Who Framed Roger Rabbit franchise.

From December 2010 to September 2011, Fleischer hosted his own web show called Fleischer's Universe on Ustream.tv.

Early life
Fleischer was born and raised in Washington, D.C. on August 27, 1950. He attended Southampton College of Long Island University, and studied acting at Chicago's Goodman Theatre.

Other websites
 
 Charles Fleischer insists all things are moleeds, TED Conference Video, 18 minutes, 2005
 Charles Fleischer's Webshow Fleischer's Universe

1950 births
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
American stand-up comedians
Living people
Actors from Washington, D.C.
Comedians from Washington, D.C.
Levant Fair

The Levant Fair (; ) was an international trade fair held near Tel Aviv Port in the 1920s and 1930s. It is also the nickname of the site where the fair was held.

Gallery

Related pages
 Tel Aviv Port
 Israel Trade Fairs & Convention Center

Other websites 

  Levant Fair  -  official website 
  The Levant Fair in Tel Aviv (1934-6) .
  "City of Work and Prosperity": The Levant Fair.
 Orient Fair posters.

20th century in Israel
Buildings and structures in Tel Aviv
Convention and exhibition centers in Israel
1920s in Asia
1930s in Asia
Patrice Rushen

Patrice Rushen (September 30, 1954) is an American singer, composer and musician. She has had several hit songs. She is best known for the song "Forget Me Nots". She was born in Los Angeles, California.

References

Singers from Los Angeles
Musicians from Los Angeles
American soul musicians
American R&B musicians
American jazz musicians
American pop musicians
American rock musicians
American pianists
American composers
1954 births
Living people
John Joe Nevin

John Joseph Joe Nevin (born 7 June, 1989 in Mullingar, County Westmeath) is an Irish boxer. He competed in the 2008 Summer Olympics and the 2012 Summer Olympics and got a silver medal in the 2012 Summer Olympics. He is currently 3rd AIBA World Rankings - Men's 56 kg in the world in his division, the bantamweight. On 6th October, 2012, John Joe Nevin announces to the public on The Saturday Night Show that he is turning professional

References 

1989 births
Living people
Boxers
Irish Olympians
Olympic silver medalists
Sportspeople from the Republic of Ireland
The Stolen Eagle

"The Stolen Eagle" is the first episode of the HBO/BBC historical drama television series, Rome. It first aired on August 28, 2005 in the United States. The episode starred Ciarán Hinds, Kevin McKidd, Ray Stevenson, and Polly Walker.

2005 television episodes
2005 in American television
British television episodes
Institute for Research on Public Policy

The Institute for Research on Public Policy (IRPP; ) is Canada's oldest non-partisan public policy think tank.

The IRPP seeks to improve public policy in Canada.  IRPP supports research and debate.

History
IRPP was founded in 1972 in Montreal.

Presidents
 Graham Fox (since April 1, 2011)
 Mel Cappe (2006-2011)
 Hugh Segal (1999-2006)
 Monique Jérôme-Forget (1991-98)
 Rod Dobell (1984-91)
 Gordon Robertson (1980-83)
 Michael Kirby (1977-79)
 Fred Carrothers (1974-76)

References

Other websites
 http://www.irpp.org/ ; http://www.irpp.org/fr/about/index.php 

Politics of Canada
Think tanks
Economics organizations
Political organizations
1972 establishments in Canada
Hospitality

Hospitality is about people welcoming other people into their homes or other places where they work or spend their time.  People who welcome visitors are called hosts.  The people they welcome are called guests.

The word hospitality comes from the Latin hospes, which came from  the word hostis, which originally meant "to have power."

Hospitality is all about the art of entertaining or receiving guests.  We talk about "offering hospitality".  There are many different ideas about how to offer hospitality according to the various cultures in the world.  In the past, many societies taught that it was always right to offer hospitality to strangers who came to their door in need of food or shelter.  This may seem a strange idea to many of us today, but it was an important way to survive in many societies, especially in lands where people travelled long distances, often far away from large towns.

The words hospital, hospice, and hostel also come from the word "hospitality".  They are all about giving personal care to people who are away from their homes.

The hospitality industry is service industry that includes hotel and restaurant workers.

References

Social sciences
Grand Teton National Park

Grand Teton National Park is a national park in the United States. It is south of Yellowstone National Park. Both of these parks are located in Wyoming.

The park's namesake mountain, Grand Teton, is popular for mountain climbing.

Other websites 

National Park Service website

National parks in the United States
Herero and Namaqua genocide

The Herero and Namaqua Genocide is thought to have been the first genocide of the 20th century. It took place between 1904 and 1907 in German South West Africa (today called Namibia), during the scramble for Africa.

On January 12, 1904, the Herero people, led by Samuel Maharero, fought back against German colonial rule. In August, German general Lothar von Trotha defeated the Herero in the Battle of Waterberg and drove them into the desert of Omaheke, where most of them died of thirst. In October, the Nama people also fought against the Germans only to suffer a similar fate.

In total, from 24,000 up to 100,000 Herero and 10,000 Nama died. The genocide was marked by many deaths by starvation and thirst because the Herero who fled the violence were not allowed to go back to the Namib Desert. Some sources also claim that the German colonial army normally poisoned desert wells.

In 1985, the United Nations' Whitaker Report said that the aftermath was an attempt to exterminate the Herero and Nama peoples of South West Africa, and said it was one of the first tries at genocide in the 20th century. The German government said that the genocide happened and said sorry for the events in 2004, but did not give compensation to the victims' relatives.

References

20th century rebellions
Genocides in Africa
Rebellions in Africa
History of Namibia
1900s in Africa
20th century in Germany
Stubby Kaye

Stubby Kaye (November 11, 1918 – December 14, 1997) was an American actor and comedian.

Early life
Kaye was born Bernard Kotzin in New York City, New York on November 11, 1918. He was raised in Far Rockaway, Queens and in The Bronx.

Other websites
 
 
 

1918 births
1997 deaths
American movie actors
American television actors
Deaths from lung cancer
actors from New York City
Comedians from New York City
Vaudeville performers
Taraji P. Henson

Taraji P. Henson (born September 11 1970) is an actress who has been featured in many movies. She played Shug in the movie Hustle and Flow. She later played Queenie in The Curious Case of Benjamin Button. 

Henson was born near Washington, D.C..

American movie actors
1970 births
Living people
Bear Grylls

Edward Michael "Bear" Grylls (born 7 June 1974) is an English-Irish  adventurer. He has been the Chief Scout since 2009. He climbed Mount Everest when he was 23. He broke the record for the youngest British person to climb the mountain. Grylls has been in many television programmes. 

Grylls was born in London and grew up in Donaghadee, County Down and Bembridge, Isle of Wight. He was educated at Eton College and Birkbeck, University of London.

He served in the S.A.S. and is a Christian.

His wife is Shara Cannings Knight and his parents are the late Conservative MP Sir Michael Grylls and Lady Grylls (she is of Irish origin).

References

Other websites

1974 births
Living people
British military people
English Anglicans
English television personalities
Mountain climbers
Officers of the Order of the British Empire
People educated at Eton College
People from London
People from the Isle of Wight
People from the Republic of Ireland
Baek A-yeon

Baek Ah-yeon (Hangul : 백아연, born on March 11, 1993) is a South Korean solo singer who debuted in JYP Entertainment. She is known as the third finalist of South Korea's talent show, K-Pop Star.

Biography
A-yeon was born on March 11, 1993. She was one of a popular talent show contestants, K-Pop Star which the judges was the big three (SM, YG, JYP). She studied at the Department of Practical Music at Howon University.

Discography

Mini Album

Promotional Singles

Filmography

Music video appearance

Other websites 
 
 

Living people
1993 births
South Korean singers
K-pop singers
Huronian glaciation

The Huronian glaciation (or Makganyene glaciation) lasted from 2400 million years ago (mya) to 2100 mya, during the Paleoproterozoic era. 

The glaciation was named after evidence got from Lake Huron region in North America. There, three separate horizons of glacial deposits are separated by non-glacial sediment.

This was one of the most severe and longest ice ages in geologic history. It was similar to the Snowball Earth ice ages that happened later, in the Neoproterozoic era.  

The glaciations were probably triggered by the Great Oxygenation Event (GOE), which removed atmospheric methane (a greenhouse gas), and eventually supplied free oxygen to the atmosphere. The alternate warm and ice age periods was probably caused by a repeating cycle. Cyanobacteria flourished in the warm periods, producing huge amounts of oxygen. The oxygen removed the free methane, and used up carbon dioxide. This caused the temperature to crash. This slowed down the bacteria. So the temperature rose again.

However, it is also possible that there was a 250 million year lull in volcanic activity, resulting in lower carbon dioxide levels and so reduced greenhouse effect.

References

Proterozoic
Extinction events
Gregoria de Jesús

Gregoria de Jesús (9 May 1875 – 15 March 1943) was a Philippine nationalist. She was the second wife of Andres Bonifacio, a Philippine nationalist. She founded Katipunan. She was the first vice president of the Philippine revolutionary government (1896 to 1897).

Other websites 
 GREGORIA DE JESUS 
 Gregoria de Jesus: Lakambini of the Katipunan
 National Heroes of the Philippines 
  Solidarity Philippines. Australia Network. Retrieved 2006-12-28.

1875 births
1943 deaths
Journalists
Filipino politicians
Autobiographers