cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Baseball glove

A baseball glove, or mitt, is a leather glove that baseball players use to catch a baseball that are hit by a batter or thrown by a fielder.

History 

Catcher Doug Allison in 1870 was the first ever to wear baseball gloves. Doug's hands were split and cracked open from catching in other games earlier in the week.  He chose to wear something that would protect his hands so that they wouldn't be damaged more, so he wore baseball gloves, but he was laughed at and mocked by his teammates.

Five years later in 1875, Charlie Waitt, a St. Louis outfielder and first baseman who in 1875 used a pair of flesh-colored gloves, but he was also laughed by his teammates. Although baseball gloves were not used very much at first when they were first made, more and more baseball players started to use baseball gloves over time, probably when baseball star Albert Spalding began playing first base with a baseball glove. When he started to wear them, more infielders started to use gloves also because he was famous. Before the mid  1890s, baseball gloves were worn normally by baseball players. Soon, all baseball players started to wear baseball gloves.

In , Bill Doak, a pitcher for the St. Louis Cardinals, suggested that a web be placed between the first finger and the thumb in order to create a pocket. This design soon became added to baseball gloves and webbed gloves were starting to be used by all baseball players.

Since the baseball glove was invented, they have grown to what they look like today. While catching in baseball was two handed, gloves grew to a size that made it easier to catch the ball in the webbing of the glove, and use the off-hand to keep it from falling out. A glove is worn on the non-dominant hand, leaving the dominant hand for throwing the ball; for example, a right-handed player would wear a glove on the left hand. By convention, the type of glove that fits on the left hand is called a "right-handed" or "RH" glove.

The shape and size of the baseball glove is decided by official baseball rules; Section 1.00, Objectives of the Game, defines limits of catcher's, first baseman's and fielder's glove in parts 1.12, 1.13 and 1.14.

Major glove manufacturers
 Louisville Slugger
 Nokona
 Rawlings
 Spalding
 Kelley Athletic
 Wilson
 Nike, Inc
 Easton
 Mizuno
 Akadema

References

Other websites
 "Playing The Field." Popular Mechanics. May 2001.
 "Glove History." Baseball Glove.net. 
 "How Products Are Made: Baseball Glove." www.science.enotes.com 
 "Baseball Glove Leather" 
 "MLB Rules 1.0".

Baseball equipment
Sports gloves
Product (chemistry)

A product is the result of a chemical reaction. 

An example:
H+ + H2O -> H3O+

where H3O+ is the product

Chemistry
Cy Young Award

In baseball, the Cy Young Award is an honor given to the best pitcher in the Major League Baseball.  The award was first introduced in 1956 by Commissioner Ford Frick in honor of Hall of Fame pitcher Cy Young, who died in 1955.  The award was given to the best pitcher in the major leagues. In 1967, the year after Frick retired as Commissioner, the practice began of honoring one pitcher in each league, the American League, and the National League. The 2015 American League Cy Young Award winner was Dallas Keuchel of the Houston Astros, and the 2015 National League Cy Young Award winner was Jake Arrieta of the Chicago Cubs. 

Each league's award is voted on by two members of the Baseball Writers Association of America in each league city, meaning 28 ballots are cast for the American League winner, and 32 for the National League.  Each places a vote for first, second, and third place among the pitchers of each league.  The formula used to calculate the final scores is a weighted sum of the votes: Score = 5F + 3S + T, where F is the number of first place votes, S is second place votes, and T is third place votes.  The pitcher with the highest score in each league wins the award. If two pitchers receive the same number of votes, the award is shared between the two.

The current formula started with the 1970 season.  Prior to that, writers only voted for the best pitcher and used a formula of one point per vote.

Other websites
 Cy Young Award on Baseball Almanac
 Full Voting Results for the Cy Young Award

Major League Baseball awards
Pendulum

A pendulum is a mass (any object usually metal) on an arm. The arm is attached to a pivot, which is a point to swing from. The mass will naturally hang down because of gravity, but if it is pushed to one side it will oscillate, which means that it will swing from side to side.  The frequency of the swinging pendulum stays the same.

We can work out the time taken for one full oscillation (for example, swinging from left to right and back to left). We shall call this time  the period. If the pendulum length is , and the acceleration due to gravity is , then:

where π (a Greek letter pronounced 'pi') is a mathematical constant. This equation gives a good approximation for the period when the mass does not swing far from the middle. The period of a pendulum does not depend on the mass of the object.

The mechanical energy of a pendulum is constant and is the sum of the kinetic energy and gravitational potential energy.   

The regular motion of the pendulum can be used for timekeeping, and pendulums are used to regulate pendulum clocks.

Related pages 
Foucault pendulum
Pendulum clock

Objects
Finnix

Finnix is a Debian based Live CD Linux distribution, developed by Ryan Finnie and intended for system administrators for tasks such as filesystem recovery, network monitoring and OS installation. Finnix is a small Linux Distribution, with an ISO download size of approximately 100 MiB.

History 
Finnix was created in 1999, making it one of the oldest Linux distributions with the intent of being run completely from a bootable CD (the other Live CD around at the time was the Linuxcare Bootable Business Card CD, first released in 1999). Finnix 0.01 was based on Red Hat Linux 6.1, and was created to help with administration and recovery of other Linux workstations around Finnie's office..

On 23 October 2005, Finnix 86.0 was released. Earlier unreleased versions (84, and 85.0 through 85.3) were "Knoppix remasters", with support for Linux LVM and dm-crypt being the main reason for creation. However, 86.0 was a departure from Knoppix, and was derived directly from the Debian "testing" tree.

Usage 
Finnix is released as a small bootable CD ISO. A user can download the ISO, burn the image to CD, and boot into a text mode Linux environment. Finnix requires at least 32MiB RAM to run properly, but can use more if present. Most hardware devices are detected and dealt with automatically, such as hard drives, network cards and USB devices. A user can modify files nearly anywhere on the running CD via UnionFS, a filesystem that can stack a read-write filesystem (in this case, a dynamic ramdisk) on top of a read-only filesystem (the CD media). Any changes made during the Finnix session are transparently written to RAM and discarded upon shutdown. In addition, Finnix uses SquashFS to keep distribution size low.

Finnix can be run completely within RAM, provided the system has at least 192 MiB RAM available.

Notes:
 "Code names" in Finnix refer to the development cycle leading up to the release, and not the release itself. Releases are signified by version number.
 Versions with two package counts in the table above represent x86 and PowerPC package counts, respectively.

References

Other websites 
 Finnix homepage

Linux distributions
Live CD
X86-64 Linux distributions
Debian-based Linux distributions
Mandible

The mandible is a bone found in all jawed vertebrates. The name comes from Latin mandibula. 

In bony fish the lower jaw is made of a number of bones, but these were gradually reduced in evolution. 

In humans and other mammals the mandible is simply the jawbone or dentary, which is the largest and strongest bone of the face. 

In mammals bones formerly in the lower jaw have become the ear ossicles.

References

Bones of the skull
Head (body part)
Silent trade

Silent trade, or barter, is when traders (who do not speak each other's language) trade without talking to each other. This was used in many parts of ancient Africa. Silent bartering was used during 500 A.D to 1500 A.D. and probably had a much longer history.

To do a silent barter, one group of traders would go to a certain place, leaving whatever they are offering to trade. The other group of traders would then decide if they would like to accept the goods (usually salt or gold) that were left. If the goods met with approval, the second group would then take the goods, leave their own goods in return, and leave because the person accepted the offer. This system of trading was used mostly in ancient Ghana.       The popular things they sold were gold and salt. Another system was face-to-face trading using hand signals.

Gold mined south of the Sahel was traded, pound for pound, for salt mined in the desert. The salt from the desert was needed by the people of Sahel to flavor and preserve their food and gold has always had value for adornment (wearing). Because of this trade, cities grew and flourished and parts of West Africa became commercial centers. West Africa produced gold until about 1500 AD.

References 

Trade
Communication
Main Page/Knowledge groups

Main Page templates
Tamaulipas

Tamaulipas is a state in the northeast of Mexico. About 3,025,000 people live there. Its capital is called Ciudad Victoria.

 
States of Mexico
Zacatecas

Zacatecas is a state in central Mexico. About 1,360,000 people live there. The capital is also called Zacatecas.

 
States of Mexico
Petal

A petal is a coloured part of a flower. With bright colours and scent, they often bring insects and birds to pollinate the flowers. Petals are made of cellulose and other organic matter. 

Petals are modified leaves which surround the reproductive parts of flowers. Together, all of the petals of a flower are called a corolla. 

The role of petals and the evolution of flowers is an important part of botany. It has been studied from the 18th century to the present day.

The most common types of pollination are:
Wind pollination: flowers are small and dull, with little or no scent, and often no petals at all. They produce large amounts of pollen which is scattered by the wind.
Insect pollination: flowers show well in the ultraviolet range, and often have honey guides. These are lines leading from the petal to the nectar. Use of scent is also common.
Bird pollination: large, colourful flowers with nectar.

References 

Flowers
Moisturizer

A moisturizer (or moisturiser) is a liquid that is used for softening the skin, especially for naturally dry skins. They increase the skin's water content by reducing evaporation. The thickness of a moisturizer is actually what keeps the hydration concealed into the skin, which then creates the moisturizing effect. Due to its thickening agents, moisturizers typically only come in lotion or night cream form.

Unlike a serum, a moisturizer does not penetrate deeply into the skin. The main job of a moisturizer is to seal products into the skin, locking all the moisture and nutrients your skin needs.

They can be quite a complicated chemical mixture. They may contain naturally occurring skin lipids and sterols, artificial or natural oils, emollients, lubricants,etc.

Moisturizers are not always needed or used. They are most useful for persons with dry skin.

Moisturizers are designed to either impart or restore hydration in the stratum corneum, which is an interactive, dynamic structure, and maintenance of hydration can impact its barrier function.

How they act 
Ways that a moisturizer affects the body include:
 Occlusives work by forming a thin film on the surface of the skin to prevent loss of moisture.
 Humectants attract water vapor from the air to moisturize the skin.
 Some add deficient materials. These aim to restore natural moisturizing factors on the skin.

References

Dermatology
Cosmetics
Vidalia onions

Vidalia onions are a variety of onions. They are native to Toombs County, Georgia. They are unique from other onions in that they are sweeter in taste. Southeast Georgia's mild climate, the area's sandy, low sulfur soil, exclusive seedvarieties, and precise farming practices make this original sweet onion, mild and flavorful.

Other websites 
Vidalia Onion Committee, the official website

Root vegetables
Georgia (U.S. state)
Straw

Straw is the stems of cereal grains like oats or wheat, after the seeds have been removed. It is often used as bedding for animals (hay is used to feed animals). It can also be used as fuel, to make baskets, and many other things.  In older times, it was used for thatch roofs, or mixed with clay and sand for the cob and adobe used in building houses.

Related pages 
 Drinking straw
 Hay
 Thatching

Other websites 

Natural materials
Cheeseburger

A cheeseburger is a hamburger with cheese on it and sometimes lettuce. The cheeseburger is usually found at fast food restaurants, such as Burger King and McDonalds.

References

Other websites 
 The Tale of the Cheeseburger 

Sandwiches
Calorie

The calorie is a pre-SI unit of energy, most common in heat.

It is the amount of energy required to increase the temperature of one gram of water by one Kelvin.

When on a food label, the term "calorie" refers to kilocalories, or 1000 calories.

For a layman, calories are the parameters of energy consumption. Think of them like the gasoline in the car. But unlike the car, the body stores the excess gas for long. The reaction to the calorie depends on which macronutrient did that calorie came from.

References

Energy
Portland, Maine

Portland is the largest city in the U.S. state of Maine. The city's population was 64,249 as of the 2000 Census

References

 
County seats in Maine
1632 establishments
1630s establishments in the Thirteen Colonies
Coweta County, Georgia

Coweta County is a county in the U.S. state of Georgia.  As of 2005, 109,903 people lived there.  The county seat is Newnan, Georgia. It was named for a Creek Indian Tribe that lived in the area.

Georgia (U.S. state) counties
1826 establishments in Georgia (U.S. state)
Intoxication

Intoxication is the state of being affected by one or more psychoactive drugs. It can also refer to the effects caused by the ingestion of poison or by the overconsumption of normally harmless substances.

People who drink too much alcohol become intoxicated. They may become impaired in some or all of their senses like touch or even eyesight. Long term drinkers develop tolerance to alcohol. This high tolerance means it takes more alcohol to produce the outward signs of intoxication. Intoxication may bring delirium or make people do or say things that are not normal for them. The level of harm done usually depends on the substance and the amount. Mild intoxication usually is not permanently harmful. Mild stimulants like caffeine usually do not harm the person.

Types
Some types of intoxication:
Alcohol intoxication
Caffeine intoxication
Cannabis intoxication
Heroin intoxication
Water intoxication
Intoxication can cause a state of mind that remains once the person is no longer intoxicated that can be used as a legal defense:
Settled insanity

Symptoms
Often taking a mild depressant or stimulant does not have much effect on the person who took it. But more serious drugs, substances, or even medications can have a large effect on the person. Usually stimulants keep the person awake and energetic. Depressants work the opposite way; they decrease the heart rate of the person and relax them. Sedatives give the same effect. More of these substances can carry harm or even life-threatening effects, if ingested in large amounts. Mixing alcohol with prescription drugs often leads to increased or hastened impairment. Alcohol can produce hazardous side effects, reduce heart rate, and drop blood pressure to a dangerous level.

References

Related pages
 Toxin
 Disability

Health
Physiology
Gilgit District

The Gilgit District is bounded by the Wakhan Corridor of (Afghanistan) in the north, Xinjiang (China) in the north and northeast, Skardu District in the south and southeast. The capital of the Gilgit District is Gilgit town.

The district includes Gilgit town, Naltar, Hunza, Gojal (Upper Hunza) and Shimshal. It also includes many small villages like Minapin, Hopar, and Hispar. The Haramosh valley, now in the Gilgit District, was previously in the Skardu District.

The highest peak in the Gilgit District is Distaghil Sar , which is the 19th-highest mountain in the world.

Demography
Main languages are Balti, Erina, Shina, Burushaski and khowar.

Tehsils
Aliabad Tehsil
Gojal Tehsil
Gilgit Tehsil
Nagar I Tehsil
Nagar II Tehsil

Districts of Gilgit-Baltistan
Zoe (Sesame Street)

Zoe is a character from the TV show Sesame Street. She is Elmo's best friend. She is an orange monster with red hair. She is 3 years old and is very energetic. She is currently played by Jennifer Barnhart, but was first played by Fran Brill.

References

Sesame Street characters
Olympia Snowe

Olympia Jean Snowe (née Bouchles; born February 21, 1947) is an American politician and former United States Senator from Maine. She is a member of the Republican Party.

She was the first woman to serve in both houses of a state legislature and in both houses of the United States Congress. She was the first woman to be elected Senator in the history of Maine. She is the first Greek woman ever elected to the United States Congress. Senator Snowe is a member of the United States Republican Party. Snowe also served in the United States House of Representatives. She retired in 2013, after deciding not to seek reelection in 2012. She was succeeded by Former Independent Governor of Maine Angus King.

References

Other websites

U.S. Senator Olympia Snowe  official U.S. Senate site
Olympia Snowe for Senate  official campaign site
Profile  at SourceWatch
U.S. Senator Olympia Snowe video clips from the Senate Republican Conference .
U.S. Senator Olympia Snowe audio clips from the Senate Republican Conference 
"The Anguished Moderate," The Washington Post, July 15, 2007.

1947 births
Living people
United States senators from Maine
United States representatives from Maine
US Republican Party politicians
21st-century American politicians
20th-century American politicians
Ghanche District

Ghanche District is the easternmost district of the Northern Areas, Pakistan. To its northeast is Xinjiang, China, to the north and northwest is Skardu District, to its west is Astore District and to its south is Leh District (Ladakh Division) in the Indian occupied territories of Jammu and Kashmir. The line of control along the eastern most region of Ghanche District cuts through the Siachen Glacier and is not permanent because of the conflict (It has been proposed by moderates in Pakistan and India to make the Siachen Glacier region a Peace Park).

The capital of Ghanche District is Khaplu. This is the coldest place within Pakistan also called the "Third Pole" with temperatures reaching below  in the winter. Khaplu and Hushe valleys form the gateway for the great Baltoro Muztagh, the subrange of Karakoram that includes the mighty peaks of K2 (8,611 m), Broad Peak (8,047 m), Gasherbrums (8,000+ m) and Masherbrum (7,821 m) (all of which are included in the Skardu District).

Tehsils
Khaplu Tehsil
Mashabrum Tehsil

Districts of Gilgit-Baltistan
Polyester

Polyester is a type of man-made material. It is a synthetic polymer. With 18% market share of all plastic materials produced, it is third after polyethylene (33.5%) and polypropylene (19.5%).

Uses 
Polyester can be made into thread , yarn or clothes . Woven into synthetic fabrics, they are often used to make clothes and home furnishings. These include shirts, trousers, pants, jackets, hats, bedding and upholstered furniture. Polyester fiber is used as cushioning and insulating material in pillows, comforters and upholstery padding. It can be used in curtains to insulate windows and keep heat indoors. Polyester is used to make insulating carpet.

Industrial polyester fibers, yarns and ropes are used in tires, fabrics for their use, and safety belts.

Chemistry 

Polyester is a type of polymer that has the ester functional group in its main chain. There are many different polyesters. The term "polyester" as a specific material most often refers to polyethylene terephthalate (PET). Polyesters include chemicals found in nature, such as in plant cuticles. Synthetics made by step-growth polymerization such as polycarbonate and polybutyrate are also polyesters. Natural polyesters and a few synthetic ones are biodegradable, but most synthetic polyesters are not.

The most common polyesters are thermoplastics.

Synthesis 
Most polyesters are made with a polycondensation reaction. See "condensation reactions in polymer chemistry".
The general equation for the reaction of a diol with a diacid is :
(n+1) R(OH)2 + n R´(COOH)2 → HO[ROOCR´COO]nROH + 2n pH2O

An alcohol and a carboxylic acid react to form a carboxylic ester.
To assemble a polymer, the water formed by the reaction must be continually removed by azeotrope distillation.

References

Polymers
Bowdon, Georgia

Bowdon is a city in Carroll County, Georgia,  United States.  As of the 2000 census, the city had a total population of 1,959. Bowdon is known as "The Friendly City."

References 

Cities in Georgia (U.S. state)
She

The word "she" is a third-person singular pronoun used to talk about a female. When the name of a woman has been the subject, then "she" takes the place of that name, in the text. While "she" is the subject form, the word "her" is the object or possessive form (see table below). The word "she" is used for a woman (or girl) where the word "he" would be used for a man, or "it" for a neutral pronoun.

In 1999, the American Dialect Society chose "she" as the word of the past millennium (1000-year period). The Society noted the word was not used before the year 1000; "she" was first seen in writings from the 12th century, where the word "heo" had been used to mean either the feminine or mixed plural as with "they".

References
Ghizar District

Ghizar District is northernmost part of the Northern Areas of Pakistan. Its capital is Gahkuch. Ghizer is also a contact point between Gilgit District and Chitral District (which are connected by Shandur Pass). Ghizer is a multi-ethnic district and three major languages are spoken: Khowar, Shina and Burushaski. There are also a few Wakhi speakers in Ishkoman.

Tehsils
Gupis Tehsil
Yasin Tehsil
Ishkomen Tehsil
Puniyal Tehsil

Districts of Gilgit-Baltistan
Evening

Evening, time period in which daylight is decreasing, between late afternoon & night (18:00:00 until 23:59:59 = evening - 00:00:00 until 00:00:00 = midnight).

Parts of a day
Arthur Davidson

Arthur Davidson (February 11, 1881–December 30, 1950) is one of the four co-founders of Harley-Davidson Motorcycles. He and his wife died in a car accident in 1950. Arthur, his two brothers Walter and William started the company in 1903 with William Harley. Arthur was mainly in charge of sales for the company.

When he was not working for the company, Davidson like to raise Guernsey cattle at his farm west of Milwaukee, Wisconsin. He was well known for giving money and other things such as land to organizations such as the Boy Scouts.

References

Businesspeople from Wisconsin
1881 births
1950 deaths
Diamir District

The Diamir District is a first-order administrative division of the Pakistani-controlled territory known as the Northern Areas and is the district in which the Karakoram Highway enters that territory from Pakistan's Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The capital of the Diamir District is Chilas. In 2004, the Diamir District was reduced in size as a result of the creation of the new Astore District from Diamir's easternmost tehsil. (See map.)

The Diamir District is bounded by the Astore District in the east, Pakistan's Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in the southwest (separated by the Babusar Pass or Babusar Top), Neelum District of Azad Kashmir in the south, the Ghizar District in the north and northwest, and the Gilgit District in the north and northeast.

Before the Karakoram Highway was opened in 1978, the only road reaching Gilgit town from the south was a rough track north from Balakot to Babusar Pass (via Kaghan, Naran, Besal, and Gittidas) and farther north through Babusar Gah to Chilas. The road up to Besal is now in better condition, but from Besal to Babusar Pass, the road is still a rough track.

Tehsils
 Chilas Tehsil
 Darel Tehsil
 Tangir Tehsil
 Babu Sar Tehsil

Districts of Gilgit-Baltistan
Phoenix Wright: Ace Attorney − Justice for All

Phoenix Wright: Ace Attorney − Justice for All is an adventure game made by Capcom for the Nintendo DS handheld. It's about a lawyer who has to defend his clients for murder.

2002 video games
2006 video games
Ace Attorney
Adventure games
Game Boy Advance games
Nintendo DS games
Video game remakes
Windows games
Visual novels
Phoenix Wright: Ace Attorney − Trials and Tribulations

Phoenix Wright: Ace Attorney Trials and Tribulations is an adventure game made by Capcom for the Nintendo DS handheld. It's about a lawyer who has to defend his clients for murder.

Cases 
Turnabout Memories
A flashback case where Mia Fey has to defend Phoenix Wright for the murder of his girlfriend's ex-boyfriend. This is Mia Fey's second case, and the first time she and Phoenix meet.

The Stolen Turnabout
Phoenix Wright, Maya Fey, and Pearl Fey go to an art gallery and have to defend a thief who apparently stole Maya Fey's sacred urn. A man named Godot is prosecuting him, and has a grudge against Phoenix.

Recipe for Turnabout
Someone impersonates Phoenix and does a bad job defending someone to frame them for murder. Phoenix learns that it's Maggey Byrde, a client he defended, and tries to find the real killer.

Turnabout Beginnings
Mia Fey's very first case; she defends an escaped convicted murderer for the murder of a police officer.

Bridge to the Turnabout
Phoenix goes with Maya and Pearl to a shrine so that the two girls can train. They meet a famous writer, who is murdered the night they arrive. After this, the bridge to where Maya is training is set on fire by a bolt of lightning, and Phoenix tries to get across to save her, but falls into the raging water far below, so Miles Edgeworth, a prosecutor and friend of Phoenix, has to come and act as a defense attorney for him.

2004 video games
2007 video games
Ace Attorney
Adventure games
Game Boy Advance games
Nintendo DS games
Video game remakes
Windows games
Visual novels
Apollo Justice: Ace Attorney

Apollo Justice: Ace Attorney is an adventure game made by Capcom for the Nintendo DS handheld. It's about a lawyer who has to defend his clients for murder.

Other websites 
 Official site  
 U.S Official site 
 Court Records, an Ace Attorney series fansite.
 Apollo Justice English Demo , playable version of part of the first trial.

Ace Attorney
Nintendo DS games
Nintendo DS-only games
2007 video games
Visual novels
Nintendo 3DS games
IOS games
Android (operating system) games
Kirby: Canvas Curse

Kirby: Canvas Curse, known in Japan as  and in PAL regions as Kirby: Power Paintbrush is a platform game made by HAL Laboratories and published by Nintendo for the Nintendo DS game console. It is about a character called Kirby who has to defeat a witch called Drawcia. The game is played using the touch screen only.

Plot
Kirby has to go into a painting to defeat an evil witch called Drawcia. He turns into a ball when he goes in, and the player has to use a magical item called the Power Paintbrush to help Kirby beat Drawcia.

Gameplay
The player uses the touch screen for everything. To move Kirby, the player has to touch him, making Kirby roll forward. The player can also draw lines with the stylus that Kirby can ride. Kirby will stick to them until they disappear, and these lines can be used to get Kirby higher or get Kirby across a pit. While Kirby games have Kirby eating enemies to get their powers, Canvas Curse does not do that. The player touches an enemy to stun it, and then has Kirby run into it. If it has a power, Kirby will gain it. To use the power, the player has to touch Kirby and he will use the power.

2005 video games
2007 video games
2015 video games
2016 video games
Nintendo DS games
Nintendo DS-only games
Platform games
Parade

A parade is a large or small group of people who all walk together, usually down a street or road. People who walk in parades are often dressed in costumes, and followed by marching bands, floats or large balloons.

Reasons 
They are often held on holidays or to honor someone. Parades are held for many reasons, but are usually for celebrations of some kind. Days like St Patrick's Day are often celebrated with a parade.

Military parades 
A military parade is one of the most common parades.  It is when soldiers march in public.  Usually they are followed by tanks and other military vehicles.  Military parades are often held after a battle or war has been won. In China, National Day is now celebrated with large military parades in Beijing every 5th year after 1949. In the United Kingdom, the Queen's Official Birthday (now always on a Saturday) is marked by a military parade every year. In the United States, such military parades are less common but usually held on Veterans Day and Independence Day.

Famous parades 
One of the most famous parades in the United States is the Macy's Thanksgiving Day parade in New York City.  Over 44 million people watch this parade on television each year.

Events
Pokémon Diamond and Pearl

Pokémon Diamond and Pearl are two role-playing games (RPG) made by Game Freak and published by Nintendo for the Nintendo DS handheld. It is the fourth generation of Pokémon games in the series. In the game, the number of Pokémon is brought up to 493.

A third version to Diamond and Pearl called Pokémon Platinum was released in Japan in Autumn 2008, and released in the USA and UK on March 22, 2009.

A remake, titled Pokémon Brilliant Diamond and Shining Pearl, was released on November 19, 2021.

Gameplay

The gameplay of Diamond and Pearl are much the same as previous Pokémon games. The player starts the game with one Pokémon, and catches more Pokémon using Poké Balls. The player can also use his/her Pokémon to battle other Pokémon. When the player spots a Pokémon or a trainer, the battle screen appears. During battle, the player may fight, use an item, switch Pokémon, or run away from battle (the last option is not available when facing trainers). All Pokémon have hit points (HP). If a Pokémon's HP is down to zero, it faints and cannot battle until the player revives it. If the player's Pokémon defeats the opponent's Pokémon, it gets experience points. After building up enough experience points, it will gain a new level. Most Pokémon evolve into a new form with a new name when they reach a certain level.

Plot
The player gets sent by Professor Rowan to fill up the Pokédex, and to become the champion. The head of Team Galactic, Cyrus tries to destroy the world using Dialga or Palkia to create a new world that he will rule. In Pokémon Platinum, Giratina stops him as he is about to do it, and Cyrus then wants to capture it for its power instead.

References

2006 video games
2007 video games
Nintendo DS games
Nintendo DS-only games
Pokémon RPGs
Bengal cat

The Bengal cat is a hybrid (mixed) breed of house cat. They were bred to be even-tempered. This means they do not get angry easily. Most Bengal cats are spotted and weigh 7 to 20 pounds (3 to 9 kilograms).

Other websites 
 The International Bengal Cat Society
 Complete Bengal Cat History 
 Bengal Cat Facts
 Bengal Cat Guide
 Bengal Genetics
 Owning a Bengal Cat 

Cat breeds
Animal hybrids
Pokémon Red and Blue

and , released in Japan as Pokémon Red and , are two role-playing games. They were made by Game Freak and published by Nintendo, and are the first two video games in the Pokémon series. They were first released for the Game Boy in Japan in 1996. They were later released to the rest of the world in 1998 (North America) and 1999 (Europe and Australia). Pokémon Yellow, a special version, was released one year later in each region. These three games (Pokémon Red, Blue, and Yellow) and Pokémon Stadium make up the first generation of Pokémon video game series. Pokémon Red and Blue have later been remade for the Game Boy Advance as Pokémon FireRed and LeafGreen, released in 2004.

Setting and plot 
The games are set in the fantasy world of Kanto and follow the adventure of the main character, Red, in his quest to learn Pokémon battling. Both games have almost the same plot, but the player must trade among the two in order to complete the games' Pokédex. The Kanto Saga of the Pokémon anime is based on the games' plots.

Gameplay 

Pokémon Red and Blue are turn-based role-playing games.

Reception 
Pokémon Red and Blue got good reviews, and their releases started the beginning of what would become a multibillion-dollar company, both selling millions of copies around the world.

References 

1998 video games
2004 video games
Game Boy games
Game Boy Advance games
Pokémon RPGs
Pokémon Gold and Silver

Pokémon Gold and Silver are two role-playing video games made by Game Freak and published by Nintendo for the Game Boy Color handheld. They are the second games in the Pokémon series, and increased the number of Pokémon to 251. The Pokémon Ho-oh and Lugia, respectively, are featured in the boxart. A special version named Pokémon Crystal, which had the Pokémon Suicune on the cover, was released around a year later. Pokemon Gold and Silver are backward-compatible with the original Game Boy (except in Korea), but Pokemon Crystal requires a Game Boy Color or Game Boy Advance.

Gameplay 

The games added many new things, such as breeding and a new bag system. There were also one hundred new Pokémon added.

Plot 
The games take place in a region named Johto. The player is a ten year old kid from a small town, who is sent on a mission from Professor Elm. After completing the mission, the player gets to choose a starter Pokémon, and start a journey. During this journey, the player fights an villainous team, Team Rocket, who is coming back after being defeated by the player of Pokémon Red and Blue.

Known issues 
The cartridges use a CR2025 lithium battery to keep track of the time and to power the sRAM save mechanism. As these games were released over 15 years ago, the original battery is usually depleted by now. It is possible to replace it, but it requires a special screwdriver bit to open the cartridge and soldering in a tabbed replacement battery. Replacing the battery will erase the game save on the cartridge, if any, unless special precautions (such as backing up and restoring the save file using special hardware, or wiring a temporary battery in parallel with the original while removing it) are taken.

Pokémon HeartGold and SoulSilver 
 and  are remakes of Pokémon Gold and Silver, developed by Game Freak for the Nintendo DS. They were released on September 12, 2009 in Japan, and were released on March 14, 2010 in North America, March 25, 2010 in Australia and March 26, 2010 in Europe. There are many new features. Like Pokémon Yellow, the player's Pokémon can follow them. The games come with a pedometer-like device, called the Pokéwalker, that can let players walk with their Pokémon, and gain Watts, which can be used to battle Pokémon, or dowse for items.

References 

2000 video games
Game Boy Color games
Game Boy Color-only games
Pokémon RPGs
Waveform

The waveform is the shape of a wave as it travels. There are many different waveforms. They are usually a shape which is repeated over and over (a "periodic waveform"). A common waveform is the sine wave. It is normally not possible to see a waveform without some device.

Root mean square 

The amplitude of a waveform may change a lot. Even though it changes, the waveform has a root mean square (rms) value. For example: in the UK, the AC mains supply is a sine wave and has a voltage of 240 V. This is an rms voltage. The actual voltage varies:

The amplitude of the sine wave keeps changing from -339.4 V to +339.4 V.

Root mean square is important. It lets us work out many useful things, like power and heating in a wire.

This table has information about working out the rms for some waveforms.

Wave physics
Manchester Airport

Manchester Airport   is an important airport in Manchester, England. It opened to passengers in June 1938. It was first called Ringway Airport. During World War II it officially became RAF Ringway, and from 1975 until 1986 the title Manchester International Airport was used. The airport is almost all within the city of Manchester boundaries—the exception being the second runway, which lies mostly in Cheshire Manchester Airport had the most passengers in the Uk outside of London with 22.1 million people in 2007.

Manchester Airport competes with other airports nearby such as Liverpool Airport and Leeds Bradford Airport.

References

Other websites 
 Manchester Airport - Official website
 Manchester Airport Consultative Committee

Airports in England
1938 establishments in the United Kingdom
1930s establishments in England
Heaton Park

Heaton Park is the largest municipal park in the Greater Manchester region, and one of the largest in both the United Kingdom and Europe. It contains many animal reserves and also has a few listed buildings.

Greater Manchester
Super Mario Bros. 3

Super Mario Bros. 3 is a 1988 platform game made by Nintendo for the Nintendo Entertainment System game console.  It was a big hit and sold 40 million copies, and is often said by critics to be the best game on the NES.  It precedes Super Mario Bros. 2 (1988) and was followed by Super Mario World in 1990. It is one of the games in Super Mario All-Stars.

Plot
Bowser has taken over the Mushroom Kingdom again.  This time he and his seven children, called the Koopa Kids, have each have taken over one of the worlds, so Princess Toadstool asks Mario and Luigi to help again.

Gameplay
This game goes back the original platform conventions of Super Mario Bros..  Like that game, Mario jumps, runs, and hits enemies.  However, he does not touch a flag and reach a castle.  At the end of the level, he hits a spinning block, which will yield a flower, a mushroom, or a star block.  When he gets three blocks, he will be rewarded.  Three stars will result in five lives.  If he gets a mix, he will get one extra life.

A new item is a box.  The box enables Mario or Luigi to store items that they acquire.  Before entering the level, Mario or Luigi can select the item and use it.  One such item is the Starman.  It will make them super strong and everything they touch will die, for a short time.  Another item is the anchor.  All seven bosses float around in large ships.  If Mario tries to beat them and loses, the ship will move around the world.  If Mario uses the anchor, however, the ship will stay still and will not move.

1988 video games
Mario platform games
Nintendo Entertainment Analysis and Development games
Nintendo Entertainment System games
Nintendo Research & Development 2 games
Virtual Console games
Super Mario World

Super Mario World is a platform game made by Nintendo for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System. It is the fifth Super Mario game. In the game, Mario travels through seven worlds to defeat his enemy Bowser. The game adds new things that were not in the previous Mario games. Yoshi appears in this game for the first time.

Super Mario World sold very well: it sold more than 20 million copies. Many gamers think that the game is one of the best games ever made.

The game was remade for the Game Boy Advance, called Super Mario Advance 2; the other games in the Mario series were remade for it also. An animated television series based on the game aired in 1991 on NBC.

Plot
In this game, Bowser has kidnapped Princess Toadstool again after she, Mario, and Luigi had a vacation in Dinosaur Land.  Mario and Luigi must rescue her and seven Yoshi eggs from Bowser and his Koopalings.

Gameplay
This game adds several new things. One such thing is the addition of Yoshi. Yoshi has been kidnapped. When Mario releases him, he can then ride on Yoshi.  Yoshi also has several other colored friends – blue, red, and yellow – which Mario must also free. While on Yoshi, Mario can make Yoshi swallow things. If Yoshi holds a blue shell, he gains wings and Mario can fly for a short time before Yoshi swallows it.

This game also has a new item called the cape. When Mario gets a running start, he can fly in the air and hang there for a short period of time. He can twist the cape to also knock out enemies.  He can also come down at a steep angle and pound the ground to knock enemies out.

Finally, the inventory system has been changed. Mario has one box at the top of the screen where he can store one item. If Mario goes back to small Mario, the item will start dropping right away.

Music
Kōji Kondō made all of the music for the game. He used only an electronic keyboard to make the songs. Some melodies were used again in later Mario games.

Almost all of the songs in the game are different versions of the same melody.

Development

Reception
Reviewers really liked Super Mario World when it first came out. The game is still very much liked by reviewers today. Many claim it is one of the best-selling video games ever made.

Cancelled sequel 
In the 1990’s there was a sequel game called Super Mario's Wacky Worlds which was based on historical locations, including Ancient Greece and Egypt, but it got cancelled.

References

1990 video games
1991 video games
Mario platform games
Super Nintendo Entertainment System games
Virtual Console games
University of Manchester

The University of Manchester is a public university in Manchester, England. In 2007-08, it had over 40,000 students studying 500 academic programmes, and more than 10,000 staff and an annual income of £637 million. It is the largest single-campus University in the United Kingdom. The university was formed in 2004 by joining together the Victoria University of Manchester (founded 1851) and UMIST (founded 1824) and since then some of the buildings have been demolished and new ones built instead. These include University Place on the site of the former Mathematics Building (pictured right).

The former UMIST buildings are in the Sackville Street Campus and those of the former University of Manchester in the Oxford Road Campus. There is a residential campus further south in the suburb of Fallowfield. The earliest buildings of the university date from 1872 (west of Oxford Road) and they were occupied by Owens College in 1873. Since the 1950s the facilities for science and technology have occupied an area east of Oxford Road and the medical school was relocated there in the early 1970s.

Faculties
Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health (formed in 2016 from the merger of the Faculties of Life Sciences, and Medical and Human Sciences)  
School of Medicine, University of Manchester
Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences
Faculty of Humanities

Institutions 
 Jodrell Bank Observatory
 Whitworth Art Gallery
 Manchester Museum, established in 1867, the museum is sited on Oxford Road among the Gothic Revival buildings of the university. It holds about six million items which come from all the continents and serves both as a resource for academic research and teaching and as a regional public museum.
 Manchester University Press
 Contact Theatre
Chancellors Hotel & Conference Centre

Library

The John Rylands University Library is the library and information service for the university. It was formed in July 1972 from the merger of the library of the Victoria University of Manchester with the John Rylands Library. On 1 October 2004 it joined the library of the University of Manchester Institute of Science & Technology (UMIST) on the merger of the two universities.

The main library is on the Oxford Road Campus of the University and the special collections are in the John Rylands Library, Deansgate, in the city centre. The Library is a National Research Library (an award of the Higher Education Funding Council for England): the only one in the north of England.

Notes

Other websites 

 http://www.manchester.ac.uk/ - Official page of the University of Manchester

University of Manchester
Universities in England
2004 establishments in the United Kingdom
2004 establishments in England
Manchester Ship Canal

The Manchester Ship Canal is a wide,  long, river navigation in North West England, opened on 21 May 1894. At the time of its completion, it was the largest navigation canal in the world.

It consists of the rivers Irwell and Mersey made navigable for seagoing ships from the Mersey Estuary to Salford Docks in Greater Manchester. It transformed Manchester from a landlocked city into a major sea port.

References

Other websites 

Virtual Tour

Canals
North West England
Kanotix

Kanotix, also referred to as KANOTIX, is a Linux distribution Live CD (LiveDistro) based on Debian (until 2006 unstable, in 2007 KANOTIX moved to Debian Etch) with advanced hardware detection. It can run from an optical disc drive without using a hard disk.

Kanotix uses KDE as the default desktop environment. GNOME and other window managers can be downloaded using APT.

The name "Kanotix" is derived from the founder's nickname "Kano". Kanotix's mascot is a fangtooth.

Content
Kanotix is based on Debian stable (currently "Etch"). It contains a lot of backports. So many of the main applications are more recent than are available in Etch.

Kanotix includes about 1,200 software packages:

 KDE, the default desktop environment, including the Konqueror, IceWM, Beryl (allows access to a 3D desktop environment)
 Amarok, Video Disk Recorder
 Beryl (window manager)
 Internet access software, including the KPPP dialer, ISDN utilities and WLAN-NdisWrapper
 Iceweasel-web browser,  IceDove Mail/News Client, Pidgin instant messenger
 K3b, for CD (and DVD) authoring and backup
 The GIMP, an image manipulation program
 Gparted and other tools for data rescue and system repair
 Network analysis and administration tools
 LibreOffice, an office suite
 Programming and development tools
 NTFS-3G used by default

Installation
Kanotix can be installed to the hard disk using the (graphical) acritoxinstaller , which, depending on optical drive, hard disk and processor speed, can take around 10 – 20 minutes.

Versions

History
In 2003 Jörg Schirottke was known with the nickname "Kano" in the former Knoppix-Forum (no more available). The distribution derived from "Kano's Scriptpage for Knoppix" . He wrote about Knoppix: "I like it much, but I had to improve it :)". So he did. One of the main differences from Knoppix was the support of hard disk installation.
The first "Kanotix"-preview was released at 24 December 2003 "KANOTIX XMAS 2003 PREVIEW".
In 2004 and 2005 KANOTIX was a popular distribution ranking in the "top 20" of "distrowatch.com". In 2004 the releases were named "Bug Hunter" (Bug Hunter-01-2004 - X-2004). After problems with the stability in 2006 Jörg "Kano" Schirottke decided to move from Debian Sid to a less volatile basis.
In October 2006 the main Kanotix co-developer (and most of Kanotix's other developers) left the project, to start sidux, another distribution based on Debian sid. The last Kanotix release based on Debian Sid was 2006-01-RC4.

Current Releases

Other websites

 Official site
 acritoxinstaller 

Knoppix
Linux distributions
Live CD
X86-64 Linux distributions
Debian-based Linux distributions
Sokoto

Sokoto is a city in the northwest of Nigeria, near to where the Sokoto River and Rima River meet. The people in Sokoto are mostly Muslims. Sokoto was the capital city of Gobir from the 10th century. Sokoto was made as a caliphate, an Islamic state, in the 19th century. 

From around 1900, the British took control of Sokoto, which then made up a large part of the north-west corner of Nigeria. Sokoto became a province (area) of the British colony of Nigeria.

References 

Cities in Nigeria