cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Halina Aszkiełowicz-Wojno

Halina Aszkiełowicz-Wojno (4 February 1947 – 22 June 2018) was a former Polish volleyball player. She was a member of Poland women's national volleyball team in 1965–1973, a bronze medalist of the Olympic Games Mexico 1968, medalist of the European Championship (silver in 1967, bronze in 1971).

Aszkiełowicz-Wojno died on 22 June 2018 at the age of 71.

References 

1947 births
2018 deaths
Polish volleyball players
Polish Olympic medalists
Medalists at the 1968 Summer Olympics
Olympic bronze medalists
FOXP2

FOXP2 is a gene which codes for a protein needed for speech and language.

It codes for "Forkhead box protein P2", which is needed for the proper development of speech and language in humans. Versions of this gene occur in many vertebrates, where it generally plays a role in communication (for instance, the development of bird song).

FOXP2 is the first gene found which affects speech and language.  The gene is more active in females than in males. In humans, mutations of FOXP2 cause a severe speech and language disorder. 

FOXP2 is popularly dubbed the "language gene", but this is only partly correct since there are other genes involved in language development. It directly regulates a number of other genes, including CNTNAP2, CTBP1, and SRPX2.

Two amino acid substitutions distinguish the human FOXP2 protein from that found in chimpanzees.  Evidence suggests that these changes affect the functions of FOXP2.

References 

Genetics
Langdon, North Dakota

Langdon is a city in Cavalier County in the state of North Dakota, United States. It is the county seat of Cavalier County. The population was 1,878 at the 2010 census. Langdon was  made the county seat in 1884. It was incorporated in 1885.

References 

1884 establishments in the United States
Cities in North Dakota
County seats in North Dakota
1880s establishments in North Dakota
Multiple unit

Multiple unit may refer to:
 Diesel multiple unit
 Electric multiple unit
Hannah, North Dakota

Hannah is a city in Cavalier County in the state of North Dakota, United States. The population was 15 at the 2010 census. It was founded in 1897.

References 

1897 establishments in the United States
Cities in North Dakota
1890s establishments in North Dakota
Magalì Vettorazzo

Maria "Magalì" Vettorazzo (16 March 1942 – 18 June 2018) was an Italian female pentathlete. She competed at the 1968 Summer Olympics and finished in 21st place. Vettorazzo was born in Preganziol, Italy.

Vettorazzo died on 18 June 2018 at the age of 76.

References

Other websites

1942 births
2018 deaths
Italian Olympians
Katriina Elovirta

Katriina Elovirta (15 February 1961 – 19 June 2018) was a Finnish female association footballer. She was a well known international match referee. She served as a referee with FIFA between 1995 to 2003. She also worked as a development manager for the Finnish Football Association until her death.

Elovirta died at age 57 after a long illness on 19 June 2018.

References

1961 births
2018 deaths
Finnish footballers
Laurence Street

Commodore Sir Laurence Whistler Street, AC, KCMG, KStJ, QC (3 July 1926 – 21 June 2018) was an Australian jurist. He was born in Sydney. He served as the fourteenth and second youngest Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of New South Wales from 1974 to 1988 and Lieutenant-Governor of New South Wales from 1974 to 1989. 

Street died on the night of 21 June 2018 in Sydney at the age of 91.

References

Other websites
 [https://web.archive.org/web/20061019203411/http://www.laurencestreet.com.au/bio.htm Biography from official website

1926 births
2018 deaths
Australian judges
Politicians from Sydney
Nahum Korzhavin

Nahum (Naum) Moiseyevich Korzhavin (; real surname Mandel, ; 14 October 1925 – 22 June 2018) was a Russian-American poet. He was born in Kiev of Jewish descent, He worked and lived in Boston, Massachusetts during most of his career. In 2005 Korzhavin participated in They Chose Freedom, a four-part television documentary on the history of the Soviet dissident movement. He wrote many memoirs and novels about dissidents.

Korzhavin died in Chapel Hill, North Carolina on 22 June 2018 at the age of 92.

References

Other websites
 Poet Naum Korzhavin, a Big Book Author

1925 births
2018 deaths
Naturalized citizens of the United States
Russian poets
American poets
Writers from Boston, Massachusetts
Writers from Kiev
Olga Krzyżanowska

Olga Teresa Krzyżanowska (10 September 1929 – 22 June 2018) was a Polish politician. She was born in Warsaw. Krzyżanowska served as a Senator of Poland and a Member of the Sejm from 1989 to 2005. 

Krzyżanowska died on 22 June 2018 in Gdansk from respiratory failure at the age of 88.

References

1929 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from respiratory failure
Disease-related deaths in Poland
Politicians from Warsaw
Dick Leitsch

Richard Joseph Leitsch (May 11, 1935 – June 22, 2018), also known as Richard Valentine Leitsch and more commonly Dick Leitsch, was an American LGBT rights activist. He was born in Louisville, Kentucky. He was president of gay rights group the Mattachine Society in the 1960s. He led many walkouts and sit-ins during protests to support the LGBT community. During the Stonewall riots, Leitsch was the first gay journalist to report on the riot.

Lietsch died from liver cancer in Manhattan on June 22, 2018, aged 83.

References

Other websites
"The Advocate Archives: Dick Leitsch Account of Stonewall
"Greenwich Village Society for Historic Preservation: Before Stonwall: The Sip-In at Julius'"
"NPR, Remembering a 1966 'Sip-In' for Gay Rights"
"New York Times Before the Stonewall Riots, 50th Anniversary of the Sip-In"

1935 births
2018 deaths
Gay men
Deaths from liver cancer
Cancer deaths in New York City
American journalists
LGBT people from New York City
Journalists from New York City
Writers from Louisville, Kentucky
American LGBT rights activists
Geoffrey Oryema

Geoffrey Oryema (16 April 1953 – 22 June 2018) was a Ugandan-born French musician. Oryema was born in Soroti, Uganda. He was smuggled out of the country and moved to France where his career would be based from. He sang in the languages of his youth, Swahili and Acholi, the languages of the lost country, the 'clear green land' of Uganda, and he also sang in English and French.

Oryema died on 22 June 2018 in France of cardiac arrest at the age of 65.

References

Other websites 
 Official Website
 Long Tale Recordings
 Yahoo! Music Biography

1953 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from cardiac arrest
Ugandan people
French musicians
Guitarists
Vinnie Paul

Vincent Paul Abbott (March 11, 1964 – June 22, 2018), also known as Vinnie Paul, was an American heavy metal drummer, guitarist, songwriter and producer. He was born in Abilene, Texas. He was best known for being the former drummer, and co-founder, of the heavy metal band Pantera. He was a member of Hellyeah. He also co-founded the heavy metal band Damageplan in 2003 with his younger brother, Dimebag Darrell.

Paul died on June 22, 2018 in Las Vegas, Nevada at the age of 54. It was later revealed that Abbott had died from a "dilated cardiomyopathy and coronary artery disease."

References

Other websites
Official Pantera website

1964 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from cardiomyopathy
Deaths from coronary artery disease
American heavy metal musicians
American drummers
American guitarists
American songwriters
American record producers
Musicians from Texas
Writers from Texas
People from Abilene, Texas
Waldir Pires

Francisco Waldir Pires de Souza (21 October 1926 – 22 June 2018) was a Brazilian politician. He served as Minister of Defence under President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, before being fired in 2007. From 1987 to 1989, he served as Governor of Bahia. He was born in Acajutiba, Brazil.

Pires died on 22 June 2018 in Rio de Janeiro of multiple organ failure at the age of 91.

References

1926 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from multiple organ failure
Brazilian politicians
Koro Wētere

Koro Tainui Wētere  (22 June 1935 – 23 June 2018) was a New Zealand politician. He was an MP from 1969 to 1996, representing the Labour Party. He served as Minister of Māori Affairs from 1984 to 1990. He was a member of the Ngāti Maniapoto tribe.

Wētere died in Te Kuiti on 23 June 2018, one day after turning 83.

References

1935 births
2018 deaths
New Zealand politicians
Lalu Prasad Yadav

Lallu Prasad Yadav is an Indian politician from Bihar. He is the former Chief Minister of Bihar. He became the Chief Minister of Bihar in 1990, but was made to resign in 1997 several times. He was a member of parliament of the 15th Lok Sabha. He is also president and founder of the Rashtriya Janata Dal.

References

Indian politicians
1948 births
Living people
Bihar
People from Bihar
Bogie

A bogie (called a truck in North American English) is a chassis, with wheels, attached to a rail vehicle, such as a boxcar. A bogie usually has four or six wheels. Each rail vehicle has a pair of bogies. The bogies can turn slightly to allow the rail vehicle to pass easily around curves in the railway track.

Rail technologies
Nalchik

Nalchik (; Kabardian:  //;  //) is the capital city of the Kabardino-Balkar Republic, Russia. It is in the foothills of the Caucasus Mountains. In 2010, 240,203 people lived there.

Spa towns
Elista

Elista ( or ; , Elst) is the capital city of the Republic of Kalmykia, Russia. In 2010, 103,749 people lived there.

1865 establishments in Europe
19th-century establishments in Russia
Innamaadhoo (Raa Atoll)

Innamaadhoo (Dhivehi: އިއްނަމާދޫ) 
This island is an inhabited island in Raa atoll. Like other islands, this island is made out of sand from corals.

People 
The inhabitants are Maldivians and they speak their language, Dhivehi.

Economy 
The economy of Innamaadhoo is built on carpentry. So, when you look at the whole country, the most carpenting experts are mostly from Innamaadhoo. From very small fishing boats to giant safari boats are built in this island. Even if wheat was grown few decades back, farming is not a very wide field. If we look at fishing, the islanders used to fish a lot in the 90's. So, putting salt on fish was a very wide field. But now, as the field perished, fishermen and fish-sellers are very less. The reason is believed to be because carpentry gives a lot of money (carpentry is a very good money-maker). In the field of tourism, inhabitants aren't directly contributing. It may be because there is no resort nearby. But diving boats, row boats, and ferries, etc. (needed for resorts) are built a lot here. 

Geography of the Maldives
Islands of Asia
Soglio, Switzerland

Soglio is a village and a former municipality in the district of Maloja in the Swiss canton of the Graubünden close to the border with Italy. It is part of the municipality of Bregaglia.

Former municipalities of Graubünden
Stampa

Stampa is a former municipality of the district of Maloja in the Swiss canton of Graubünden.

On 1 January 2010 the municipalities of Bondo, Castasegna, Soglio, Stampa, and Vicosoprano merged into a new municipality of Bregaglia.

Lägh da Cavloc is in the Val Forno.

References 

Former municipalities of Graubünden
Silvaplana

Silvaplana (Romansh: ) is a municipality of the district of Maloja in the Swiss canton of Graubünden and the name of a lake in the municipality.

References 

Municipalities of Graubünden
Ringsted

Ringsted is a city in Denmark with a population of around 20,000.

Ringsted is about 60 km from the capital Copenhagen.

References 

Cities in Denmark
Fontvieille, Monaco

Fontvieille is the southernmost ward in the Principality of Monaco. It was developed by an Italian architect, Manfredi Nicoletti, between the 1970s and the 1990s.

Fontvieille is twinned with Santa Maria a Monte, Italy, since 1991.

Monaco
Vladikavkaz

Vladikavkaz (, lit. ruler of the Caucasus, formerly known as Ordzhonikidze () and Dzaudzhikau (), is the capital city of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania, Russia. It is in the southeast of the republic at the foothills of the Caucasus Mountains, on the Terek River. As of 2010, 311,693 people lived there.

It is one of the most populous cities in the North Caucasus.

The city is an industrial and transportation center. Manufactured products include processed zinc and lead, machinery, chemicals, clothing and food products.

References 

1784 establishments
Capitals of republics of Russia
Didcot, Newbury and Southampton Railway

The Didcot, Newbury and Southampton Railway (DNSR) was a cross-country railway running north–south between Didcot, Newbury and Winchester in England.  

The line opened in stages between 1882 and 1885. Owing to lack of money, it never reached Southampton, so trains from Winchester to Southampton went by another route.

The line closed between 1960 and 1962 and some sections have become cycle routes. There are plans to build a cafe, the "Handlebar Cafe", on the cycle route near Winchester.

References

Closed railway lines in South East England
David Plouffe

David Plouffe (; born May 27, 1967) is an American political strategist who helped propel the Barack Obama Presidential campaign to success in the 2008 US Elections where he served as campaign manager.  

In 2017, he joined Facebook owner Mark Zuckerberg's wife, Priscilla Chan's charity organization, the Chan Zuckerberg Initiative, after leaving Uber as a lead effort and advocacy.

Plouffe was born in Wilmington, Delaware to Frances Vincent and James Plouffe.

References

1967 births
Living people
Politicians from Wilmington, Delaware
US Democratic Party politicians
Duodecimal

The duodecimal system (also known as base 12, dozenal, or rarely uncial) is the number system with a base of twelve. In the duodecimal system, large numbers are expressed by groups of 12. For example, the number fifty (which we usually write as 50) would be written as 42 in the dozenal system, since it is equal to 4×12+2.

The number 12 is the smallest number that has four factors (2, 3, 4, 6). If one divide the numbers 10 and 12 with 3, the results will be 3.333... and 4, respectively. Doing the same thing with 6, the results will be 1.666... and 2. So, the duodecimal system can control the fractions better than the decimal system.

How to represent 10 and 11 in duodecimal 
There are no numerical symbols that represent 10 and 11 in duodecimal, so letters taken from the English alphabet are used, specifically X (from the Roman numeral for ten) and E (from the initial of eleven). Some people use A and B (as in hexadecimal) as well.

Edna Kramer in her 1951 book The Main Stream of Mathematics used * and # for decimal 10 and 11. The symbols were chosen because they are available in typewriters and push-button telephones.

This article uses "X" and "E" for decimal 10 and 11.

Duodecimal values

References 

Numerals
Systems
Alberto Fouilloux

Alberto Jorge Fouilloux Ahumada  (22 November 1940 – 23 June 2018) was a Chilean football midfielder and striker. He earned 70 caps and scored 12 goals for the Chile national team during his career.

After retiring as a player Fouilloux went on to become a manager, serving as head coach of Huachipato and Colo-Colo.

Fouilloux died on June 23, 2018 aged 77 in Santiago, Chile of lung cancer.

References

1940 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from lung cancer
Chilean footballers
Phan Huy Lê

Phan Huy Lê (23 February 1934 – 23 June 2018) was a Vietnamese historian. He was born in Lộc Hà district. He was professor of history at the Hanoi National University.

Phan was the author of many studies on village society and Vietnamese history in general. He was thought by many as "doyen of Vietnamese historians." He was also director of the Center for Vietnamese and Intercultural Studies at Vietnam National University, Hanoi.

Phan died of heart disease on 23 June 2018 in Hanoi, aged 84.

References

Vietnamese people
Historians
Deaths from cardiovascular disease
1934 births
2018 deaths
Prime Minister of South Korea

The Prime Minister of the Republic of Korea (국무총리 / 國務總理, Gungmuchongni) is appointed by the President of South Korea, with the National Assembly's approval. The officeholder is not required to be a member of the National Assembly. The Prime Minister is not the head of government but is similar to that of a vice president.

The Sino-Korean word gungmu (/) means "state affairs" and chongni (/) means "prime minister", "premier" or "chancellor", so the full title in Korean means literally "Prime Minister for State Affairs", but it is not used as official English title. The short title in Korean is just Chongni.

References

Other websites
 Prime Minister's Office 
 South Korea at worldstatesmen.org
Lee Nak-yeon

Lee Nak-yeon (, born 20 December 1951), also known as Lee Nak-yon, is a South Korea politician. He was the 45th Prime Minister of South Korea.

References

1951 births
Living people
Prime Ministers of South Korea
Lee Hong-koo

Lee Hong-Koo (born May 9, 1934; Hangul: 이홍구; Hanja: 李洪九) is a former Korean academic and politician. He served as a former Prime Minister of the Republic of Korea, former South Korean Ambassador to the United Kingdom and United States, and founding Chairman of the East Asia Institute in Seoul.

References

Other websites
 Lee Hong-koo Naver Profile 

Living people
1934 births
Prime Ministers of South Korea
Lho Shin-yong

Lho Shin-yong (Korean: 노신영, 28 February 1930 – 21 October 2019) was a South Korean politician, diplomat and intelligence chief. He served as the 18th Prime Minister, the 18th Foreign Minister and the 12th Director of the Agency of National Security Planning (ANSP, now National Intelligence Service) of the fifth South Korean republic.

Lho died in Seoul on 21 October 2019 at the age of 89.

References

1930 births
2019 deaths
Prime Ministers of South Korea
Violeta Rivas

Ana María Francisca Adinolfi (known by her stage name, Violeta Rivas; 4 October 1937 – 23 June 2018) was an Argentine singer and actress. She was born in Buenos Aires. She was known for singing in the music program El Club del Clan.

She performed ¡Que Suerte! in Uruguay, which became her greatest hit. Rivas toured Latin America singing melodic songs. After the 1960s, she continued to perform in other films and to sing other songs such as Colorado, El Baile del Ladrillo, El Cardenal, and others.

Rivas died of a stroke in Buenos Aires on 4 October 1937, aged 80.

References

Other websites

Actors from Buenos Aires
Argentine singers
Pop singers
Deaths from stroke
1937 births
2018 deaths
Pavel Vranský

Pavel Vranský (29 April 1921 – 24 June 2018) was a Czech brigadier general. He was known for serving during the Siege of Tobruk. He is a  recipient of the War Cross and Medal of Merit He was born in Lipník nad Bečvou.

Vranský died on 24 June 2018 in Lipník, aged 97.

References

1921 births
Living people
Czech people
Generals
Nitish Kumar

Nitish Kumar (born 1 March 1951) is an Indian politician. He has been the Chief Minister of Bihar since 2017. He is the President of Janata Dal (United) who is best known for his non tolerance policy against corruption.

References

Other websites 

1951 births
Indian politicians
Bihar
Living people
People from Bihar
Francine Muyumba

Francine Fuhara Muyumba (born 18 February 1987) is a Congolese youth leader serving as President of the Pan African Youth Union. In 2011, Muyumba became the first International Student to be elected President of the University of Namibia Student Representative Council. The other International student to have held the position was Joseph Kalimbwe seven years later.

In 2017, Muyumba was chosen among the 100 Influential young Africans.

References 

1987 births
People from the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Activists
Living people
Nickel–zinc battery

A nickel–zinc battery, abbreviated NiZn, is a type of rechargeable battery with a voltage of 1.6 V. Large nickel–zinc battery systems have been known for over 100 years. Since 2000, development of a stabilized zinc electrode system has made this technology competitive with other commercially available rechargeable battery systems. Cells in "AA" and "AAA" sizes are available. 

Batteries
University of Namibia

The University of Namibia (UNAM) is the largest university in Namibia. It was founded by an act of the National Assembly on 31 August 1992 and has 12 campuses, 8 faculties and 5 schools spread across the country. It has close to 24,000 studying on full time, part time and distance learning.

Campuses 
 Windhoek Main Campus
 Hage Geingob Campus
 Khomasdal Campus
 Nuedamm Campus 
 Rundu Campus
 Henties Bay Campus
 Southern Campus
 Hifikepunye Pohamba Campus 
 Oshakati Campus
 Jose Dos Santos Campus
 Katima Mulilo Campus

References

Windhoek
Colleges and universities in Africa
Depolarizer

A depolarizer or depolariser is a substance used in a primary cell to prevent buildup of hydrogen gas bubbles. This would interfere with the working of the cell.  Manganese dioxide is a widely used depolarizer.

Batteries
Fire-tube boiler

A fire-tube boiler is a type of boiler in which hot gases pass from a fire through many tubes. These run through a sealed container of water. The heat of the gases passes through the walls of the tubes, and this heats the water and creates steam.

Most steam locomotives have fire-tube boilers.

Boilers
Motor–generator

A motor–generator is a device for converting electrical power to another form. Motor–generator sets are used to convert frequency, voltage, or phase of power. They may also be used to isolate electrical loads from the electrical power supply line. Large motor–generators were widely used to convert industrial amounts of power while smaller motor–generators were used to convert battery power to higher voltages.

Nowadays, motor–generators have largely been replaced by semiconductor devices. Examples include rectifiers for converting alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC) and inverters for converting DC to AC.

Electricity
AAR wheel arrangement

AAR wheel arrangement is a system for classifying locomotives used in North America. It is a simplified form of the UIC classification of locomotive axle arrangements.

Examples
 A1A-A1A Two bogies or wheel assemblies under the unit. Each bogie has two powered axles and one unpowered axle
 B-B Two bogies or wheel assemblies under the unit. Each bogie has two powered axles 
 C-C Two bogies or wheel assemblies under the unit. Each bogie has three powered axles 

Locomotive classification systems
Rail transport
Ken Albiston

Kenneth Ian Albiston (11 November 1926 – 20 June 2018) was an Australian rules footballer. He played for Richmond and Melbourne in the VFL. He served in the royal air force during the last years of World War II. He was born in Balwyn, Victoria.

Albiston died on 20 June 2018 in Melbourne, Victoria at the age of 91.

References

Other websites

DemonWiki profile

1926 births
2018 deaths
Australian rules footballers
Sportspeople from Victoria (Australia)
Richard Benjamin Harrison

Richard Benjamin Harrison Jr. (also known by the nicknames The Old Man and The Appraiser; March 4, 1941 – June 25, 2018) was an American businessman and reality television personality. He was born in Danville, Virginia, but raised in Lexington, North Carolina. He was best known as the co-owner of the World Famous Gold & Silver Pawn Shop, as featured on the History channel series Pawn Stars.

Harrison was usually referred to by his nickname, "The Old Man".

Harrison died on June 25, 2018 in Las Vegas, Nevada from Parkinson's disease at the age of 77.

References

Other websites

 
 
 Gold and Silver Dealer in USA 

1941 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from Parkinson's disease
Disease-related deaths in Nevada
American television personalities
Businesspeople from Virginia
People from North Carolina
Jamsheed Marker

Jamsheed Marker (Hilal-e-Imtiaz) (24 November 1922 – 21 June 2018) was a Pakistani diplomat. He served as Ambassador to the United States serving from 17 September 1986 to 30 June 1989. He was the head of mission during the administrations of Prime Ministers Muhammad Khan Junejo and Benazir Bhutto. He helped negotiate the Soviet military withdrawal from Afghanistan.

Marker died on 21 June 2018 in Karachi at the age of 95.

References

1922 births
2018 deaths
Pakistani politicians
Ambassadors to the United States
Francesco Forleo

Francesco Forleo (13 November 1941 – 24 June 2018) was an Italian politician and policeman. He served as a Deputy from 1987 to 1994. He was born in Turin.

Forleo died of dementia in Genoa on 24 June 2018 at the age of 76.

References 

1941 births
2018 deaths
Italian politicians
Police officers
People from Turin
Deaths from dementia
Etna, California

Etna is a city in the Scott Valley area of Siskiyou County, California, United States. The population was 737 at the 2010 census, down from 781 at the 2000 census.

References

Other websites 
 Official website of the city of Etna

1878 establishments in California
Cities in California
Settlements in Siskiyou County, California
Montague, California

Montague is a city in Siskiyou County, California, United States. The population was 1,443 at the 2010 census, down from 1,456 at the 2000 census.

References

Other websites 
 Official website of Montague

1900s establishments in California
1909 establishments in the United States
Cities in California
Settlements in Siskiyou County, California
Ismael Balkhi

Sayed Isma'el Balkhi () was a poet, political activist and cleric in Afghanistan during the twentieth century. He was one of the thinkers and pioneers of the Islamic Movement of Afghanistan.

References 

1918 births
1968 deaths
Hazara people
Hazara politicians
poets
Siskiyou County, California

Siskiyou County ( ) is a county in the northernmost part of the U.S. state of California. As of the 2010 census, the population was 44,900. The county seat is Yreka.

Siskiyou County is in the Cascade Mountains on the Oregon border.

References 

1850s establishments in California
1852 establishments in the United States
Yreka, California

Yreka ( ) is the county seat of Siskiyou County, California, United States. It is near the Shasta River at 2,500 feet (760 m) above sea level and covering about 10.1 sq mi (26 km2) area, of which most is land. As of the 2010 United States Census, the population was 7,765, reflecting an increase of 475 from the 7,290 counted in the 2000 Census.

In 1941, it was proposed that Yreka were to be the capital city of the proposed Jefferson state, which would be made-up of southern Oregon and northern California.

Other websites 

 Official website
 Yreka Chamber of Commerce
 Siskiyou County Historical Society 
 Siskiyou County Museum 
 Siskiyou Daily News
Images of Yreka from the Eastman’s Originals Collection ,  Special Collections Dept., University of California, Davis.

1851 establishments in California
1857 establishments in California
Cities in California
County seats in California
Settlements in Siskiyou County, California
Baikonur Cosmodrome

Baikonur Cosmodrome (; ) is a spaceport in southern Kazakhstan. It is the first and most active space port in the world. It is leased to Russia until 2050, and is managed by Roskosmos and the Russian aerospace forces. It was originally built by the Soviet Union in the late 1950s. There are many commercial, military and scientific rocket launches each year  All crewed Russian spaceflights are launched from Baikonur.

Sputnik 1, the first artificial satellite, was launched from Baikonur in 1957. Vostok 1, the first human spaceflight, was also launched from Baikonur, carrying Yuri Gagarin. The launchpad used for both of these missions was renamed Gagarin's Start.

References 

1955 establishments in Asia
Spaceports
Buildings and structures in Asia
Kazakhstan
Proton (rocket family)

Proton is an expandable launch vehicle used for both commercial and Russian government launches. It is still in use as of 2018. All Protons are built at Khrunichev State Research and Production Space Center, and are then launched from Baikonur Cosmodrome. It can launch around 22.8 tonnes to Low Earth orbit, and it can launch around 6.3 tonnes to Geostationary orbit. It is expected to be retired before 2030.

It was originally created as a super heavy Intercontinental ballistic missile. The first Proton rocket was launced in 1965. Proton's design was kept secret until 1986. It launched several sections of the Mir space station, and also launched two modules to the ISS.

References 

Rockets
Russia
North British Locomotive Company

The North British Locomotive Company (NBL) was created in 1903 through the merger of three Scottish locomotive manufacturing companies. They were Sharp, Stewart and Company and Neilson, Reid and Company  and Dübs and Company. This created the largest locomotive manufacturing company in Europe at the time.

The company closed in 1962.

Locomotive manufacturers
1903 establishments in the United Kingdom
20th-century establishments in Scotland
1962 disestablishments
Defunct companies of the United Kingdom
Companies of Scotland
Volatility

In economics, the term volatility is used to measure how much the price or value of an economic good or service changes over time. Goods or services where the price changes a lot are said to have a high volatility, those that don't have a low volatility. The word come from the Latin verb "volare" meaning "to fly".

In the securities markets, volatility is often associated with big swings in either direction. For example, when the stock market rises and falls more than one percent over a sustained period of time, it is called a "volatile" market. An asset's volatility is a key factor when pricing options contracts. In statistical terms, volatility is the standard deviation of a market or security’s annualised returns over a given period - essentially the rate at which its price increases or decreases. Historical volatility is calculated using a series of past market prices, while implied volatility looks at expected future volatility, using the market price of a market-traded derivative like an option.

Causes of volatility 
Market volatility is caused by a host of several factors

 Political and economic factors
 Industry and sector factors
 Company performance
 Volatility overseas

References 

Finance
Josh Hawley

Joshua David Hawley (born December 31, 1979) is an American politician. He is the junior United States Senator of Missouri since January 3, 2019.

He was the Attorney General of Missouri from 2017 to 2019. He is a member of the Republican Party.

He was born in Lexington, Missouri. Hawley studied at Stanford University and at Yale University. He is a former law clerk to Chief Justice John Roberts of the Supreme Court.

In October 2017, Hawley announced his candidacy for U.S. Senate. He defeated Claire McCaskill in the general election in November 2018.

References

Other websites
Missouri Attorney General
Hawley for Senate

1979 births
Living people
United States senators from Missouri
Stanford University alumni
Yale University alumni
Attorneys general
Politicians from Missouri
US Republican Party politicians
Geoff Case

Geoff Case (18 September 1935 – 22 June 2018) was an Australian rules footballer. He played in the Victorian Football League (VFL). He was born in Victoria, Australia.

Case was a tough midfielder and played his 122 VFL games for Melbourne, which included the 1955, 1957, 1959 and 1960 winning grand finals.  He also represented the VFL, but retired at the relatively young age of just twenty-six in 1962.

Case died on 22 June 2018 in Melbourne at the age of 82.

References

1935 births
2018 deaths
Australian rules footballers
Sportspeople from Victoria (Australia)
Deanna Lund

Deanna Lund (May 30, 1937 – June 22, 2018) was an American actress. She was born in Oak Park, Illinois. Lund was best known for her role in the Irwin Allen television series Land of the Giants, where she played the character of Valerie Ames Scott.

Lund died on June 22, 2018 at her home in Century City, California of pancreatic cancer, aged 81.

References

Other websites
 
 Official site

1937 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from pancreatic cancer
Cancer deaths in Los Angeles
American movie actors
American television actors
Actors from Illinois
People from Oak Park, Illinois
Constance Adams

Constance Adams (16 July, 1964 – 25 June, 2018) was an American space architect. He worked in the space program.  In the late 1990s she was employed by Lockheed Martin Space Operations, to support the NASA’s Mars exploration research efforts at the Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas. Among other projects, Adams was involved in developing the Lockheed-Martin design of an inflatable module for the International Space Station.

Adams died of colorectal cancer in Houston on June 25, 2018, aged 53.

References

Writers from Houston, Texas
American architects
Deaths from colorectal cancer
Cancer deaths in Texas
1960s births
2018 deaths
Tony Evers

Anthony Steven Evers (born November 5, 1951) is an American politician and educator. He is the 46th and current Governor of Wisconsin. He was elected Governor on November 6, 2018, defeating Scott Walker.

Before becoming Governor, he served as the 26th Superintendent of Public Instruction of Wisconsin from 2009 to 2019. Evers serves as President of the Council of Chief State School Officers and was Wisconsin's Deputy Superintendent of Public Instruction from 2001 to 2009. 

Evers was the Democratic nominee for Governor of Wisconsin in the 2018 gubernatorial election. His running mate is community organizer Mandela Barnes. Evers won the election by 1%.

Evers had esophageal cancer before undergoing intensive surgery in 2008.

References

Other websites
 Governor Tony Evers official State of Wisconsin website

1951 births
Living people
Governors of Wisconsin
Cancer survivors
Educators from Wisconsin
Politicians from Wisconsin
US Democratic Party politicians
Lance Franklin

Lance Franklin (or Buddy Franklin) was born on 30 January 1987. In his early life he had grown up to love AFL and view as many matches as he could, but his passion did not just stop there, he was a star on the AFL field as a young boy and eventually pursued his passion to the point he is at now, an international level.

Franklin was born in Perth, Western Australia, into a family of Indigenous Australians (Noongar-Wajuk) and grew up in Dowerin supporting the Melbourne Football Club. When he was 15, he won a sports scholarship and was educated at Wesley College. He played one senior game for the Perth Football Club in 2004, kicking one goal, and represented Western Australia at the 2004 AFL Under 18 Championships.

Franklin has won two premierships, four All-Australian team awards, two Coleman Medals and a Peter Crimmins Medal in his time at Hawthorn, he also kicked the AFL Goal of the Year twice (in 2010 and 2013). He also was nominated for the AFL Rising Star award in the 2005 season. After winning his second premiership at Hawthorn, Franklin moved to the Sydney Swans at the end of the 2013 season, before representing Australia in the 2013 International Rules Series. Franklin had an incredible impact at Sydney, where he won three All-Australian selections and two more Coleman Medals.

Awards
AFL AWARDS
Premiership side
2008, 2013

Coleman Medal
2008, 2011, 2014, 2017

All-Australian
2008, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2014, 2016, 2017

International Rules Series
2013

CLUB AWARDS
Leading goalkicker
2014, 2015, 2016, 2017

Players' Player
2016
Grigory Barenblatt

Grigory Isaakovich Barenblatt (; July 10, 1927 – June 21, 2018) was a Russian mathematician. He was born in Moscow. He was an emeritus Professor in Residence at the Department of Mathematics of the University of California, Berkeley and Mathematician at Department of Mathematics, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. 

Barenblatt died on June 21, 2018 at the age of 90.

References

Other websites
 Applied mechanics: an age old science perpetually in rebirth (pdf). The Timoshenko Medal acceptance speech by Grigory Barenblatt (to be published by ASME in summer 2006).

1927 births
2018 deaths
Russian mathematicians
Writers from Moscow
W. S. Merwin

William Stanley Merwin (September 30, 1927 – March 15, 2019) was an American poet. He was mainly active during the anti-Vietnam War era. He won the Pulitzer Prize for Poetry (in both 1971 and 2009), the National Book Award for Poetry (2005) and the Tanning Prize, one of the highest honors bestowed by the Academy of American Poets, as well as the Golden Wreath of the Struga Poetry Evenings.

In 2010, the Library of Congress named Merwin the seventeenth United States Poet Laureate to replace the outgoing Kay Ryan.

Merwin died at his home in Haiku, Hawaii on March 15, 2019 from a heart attack, aged 91.

References

1927 births
2019 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Pulitzer Prize winners
American poets
Writers from New York City
Writers from Hawaii
Charles Simic

Charles Simic (; born Dušan Simić; May 9, 1938) is a Serbian American poet. He was the co-poetry editor of the Paris Review. He received the Pulitzer Prize for Poetry in 1990 for The World Doesn't End, and was a finalist of the Pulitzer Prize in 1986 for Selected Poems, 1963-1983 and in 1987 for Unending Blues. 

Simic was appointed the fifteenth Poet Laureate Consultant in Poetry to the Library of Congress in 2007.

References

1938 births
Living people
Pulitzer Prize winners
American poets
Naturalized citizens of the United States
Writers from Illinois
Writers from New Hampshire
People from Oak Park, Illinois
People from Belgrade
Michelle Clunie

Michelle Renee Clunie (born November 7, 1969) is an American actress, dancer and activist. She is best known for her roles as Melanie Marcus on Showtime's series Queer as Folk and as Ellen Beals on Make It or Break It. She is currently a star on MTV’s Teen Wolf as Mrs. Finch.

References

Other websites
 

1969 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
American activists
American dancers
Actors from Portland, Oregon
Deneb

Deneb (also named Arided, α Cygni, alpha Cygni, α Cyg) is the brightest star in the constellation of Cygnus.  It, along with Vega, and Altair make up the Summer Triangle asterism.

It has an apparent magnitude of 1.25, which means that it is the 20th brightest star in the night sky. However its distance from the sun and luminosity are difficult to calculate, but it's distance is estimated to be approximately 2,600 light years away. It is thought to be between 55,000 and 196,000 times as luminous as the Sun.

Deneb is a blue supergiant that is 203 times larger than the Sun.

Deneb will be the Pole Star in the year 9800 AD.

References 

Northern pole stars
Supergiants
John Francis Jackson

John Francis Jackson, DFC (23 February 1908 – 28 April 1942) was an Australian fighter ace and squadron commander of World War II. He had eight aerial victories, and led No. 75 Squadron during the Battle of Port Moresby in 1942. Born in Brisbane, he was a grazier and businessman. He had his own private plane when he joined the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) Reserve in 1936. In 1939, at the start of the war, he was called up for active service. Jackson served with No. 23 Squadron in Australia before he was posted to the Middle East in November 1940. As a fighter pilot with No. 3 Squadron he flew Gloster Gladiators, Hawker Hurricanes and P-40 Tomahawks during the North African and Syria–Lebanon campaigns.

Jackson was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross and Mentioned in Despatches for his actions in the Middle East. In March 1942, while serving in the South West Pacific theatre, he was promoted to squadron leader. He was in command of No. 75 Squadron at Port Moresby in Papua, operating P-40 Kittyhawks. Described as "rugged, simple" and "true as steel", Jackson, aged 34, was nicknamed "Old John" by his much younger squadron members. He was praised for his leadership during the defence of Port Moresby. He was killed in action on 28 April 1942. His younger brother Les took over No. 75 Squadron, and also became a fighter ace. Jacksons International Airport, Port Moresby, is named in John Jackson's honour.

References

1908 births
1942 deaths
People from Brisbane
Australian military people
World War II people
Omokoroa

Omokoroa is a small urban area in the Western Bay of Plenty District of New Zealand. The suburb is thought part of Greater Tauranga (contributing towards its population of ), and is within the Bay of Plenty electorate.

References 

Settlements in New Zealand
Paterson Clarence Hughes

Paterson Clarence "Pat" Hughes, DFC (19 September 1917 – 7 September 1940) was an Australian fighter ace of World War II. He served with the Royal Air Force (RAF). During the Battle of Britain he shot down 17 enemy aircraft. This was the highest number of aircraft shot down by an Australian during the battle, and the third highest by an Australian during World War II. Hughes was killed in action on 7 September 1940.

Hughes was born in Numeralla, New South Wales. He joined the Royal Australian Air Force in 1936. After graduating as a pilot, he joined the RAF. In July 1937, he joined No. 64 Squadron, which operated Hawker Demon and, later, Bristol Blenheim fighters. Posted to No. 234 Squadron at the start of World War II, Hughes began flying Supermarine Spitfires. He shared in the squadron's first victory on 8 July 1940, when with two other Spitfires, he shot down a German Junkers Ju 88 attacking ships near Lands End. Hughes was known for attacking his targets at extremely close range. He probably died after his Spitfire was struck by parts from a German Dornier Do 17 bomber that he had just shot down near London. Hughes was able to get out of the plane, but his parachute did not open. After his death he was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross. Hughes was buried in England.

References

Other websites 

 National Archives of Australia: Personal File
 Sutton & Wawne Museum: A brief biography of the Australian fighter pilot killed during the Battle of Britain, and buried in Sutton churchyard in 1940
 Battle of Britain Historical Society: Saturday, September 7th 1940

1917 births
1940 deaths
Australian military people
Bamboo Airways

Bamboo Airways is a Vietnamese airline. The headquarters are in Hanoi. The center of activity is from Phu Cat Airport in Qui Nhon. The company was founded in 2017. VietJet Air will begin operation in October 2018. It will have flights to most of airports in Vietnam and some international airports. On 26th March 2016, it signed a purchase order with Airbus to buy 24 Airbus A320neo, signed a purchase order with Boeing to buy 20 Boeing 787. The aircraft will be delivered from 2020.
It will mainly serve tourists to resort towns in Vietnam, where its parent company FLC Group has resorts (Ha Long, Thanh Hoa, Dong Hoi, Nha Trang, Phu Quoc).

References 

Airlines of Asia
Big Four British railway companies

The Big Four was a name used to describe the four largest railway companies in the United Kingdom in the period 1923–47. The name was coined by The Railway Magazine in its issue of February 1923: "The Big Four of the New Railway Era".

The Big Four were:

 Great Western Railway (GWR)
 London, Midland and Scottish Railway (LMS)
 London and North Eastern Railway (LNER)
 Southern Railway (SR)

The companies were formed as a result of the Railways Act 1921, in a process known as "The Grouping" (of the railways), which came into effect on 1 January 1923.

On 1 January 1948, the companies were nationalised to form British Railways as a result of the Transport Act 1947.

Related pages
 List of railway companies involved in the 1923 Grouping

Rail transport in Great Britain
London, Midland and Scottish Railway

The London, Midland and Scottish Railway (LMS) was one of the Big Four British railway companies from 1923 to 1948. It was formed on 1 January 1923 under the Railways Act of 1921, which required the grouping of over 120 separate railways into four. The companies merged into the LMS included the London and North Western Railway, the Midland Railway, the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway (which had previously merged with the London and North Western Railway on 1 January 1922), several Scottish railway companies (including the Caledonian Railway), and numerous other, smaller ventures.

For the Modern Company, see London Midland.

Rail transport in Great Britain
1923 establishments in the United Kingdom
Electro-diesel locomotive

An Electro-diesel locomotive is an electric locomotive which also has a diesel engine. The diesel engine is used when an electricity supply from overhead lines or a third rail is not available. 

Locomotives
Caledonian Sleeper

Caledonian Sleeper is the collective name for overnight sleeper train services between London and Scotland, in Great Britain.

Rail transport in Great Britain
Christina Kirkman

Christina Marie Kirkman (born February 25, 1993, in Melrose, Massachusetts, USA) is an American actress and comedian. She was best known for her roles in the final two seasons of All That.

In 2003, she entered R U All That?: Nickelodeon's Search for the Funniest Kid in America competition and won the highly-coveted spot as a regular performer on All That.

As part of her audition, Kirkman was asked to do a skit in which she met Jay Leno. She had never heard of Leno because she had never stayed up late, so she said, "Who the heck is Jay Leno?" and instead pretended to talk to Leno's bodyguard.

When asked if she thought she was going get into the All That cast, Kirkman responded, "I thought I had no chance!" with a laugh.

Kirkman joined the cast of All That in Season 9 after Bryan Hearne left the show. She replaced Jamie Lynn Spears as the youngest cast member of All That. She remained on All That until the show was canceled.

After All That came to an end, Kirkman returned to Massachusetts where she experienced bullying. This caused her to temporarily stop acting to focus on school. She graduated from Bishop Finwick High School. In 2015, she graduated from Emerson College in Boston, Massachusetts where she studied broadcast journalism and also participated in several different on campus productions.

After completing college, Kirkman moved back to Los Angeles to pursue acting and as of 2016, she completed filming the movie "Night Shadow".

Other websites
 
 Emerson students former stars of Nickelodeon and Disney shows 

1993 births
Comedians
1998 Kissimmee tornado outbreak

The 1998 Kissimmee tornado outbreak, also known as the Central Florida tornado outbreak or The Night of The Tornadoes was a deadly tornado event in Florida during the night of February 22-23, 1998 in the central part of the state, including the Orlando area. The outbreak killed 42 people and injured 260, the worst such tornado event in Florida since March 31, 1962. The first major tornado hit Winter Garden  at 11:40 p.m., and the deadliest tornado struck the Kissimmee area at 12:40 a.m. before dissipating at 1:28 a.m. EST.

Tornadoes 

Tornadoes in the United States
1998 in Florida
February events
Short (finance)

To short an asset means to bet that the asset will lose value, or that the current price is overvalued (higher than its supposed value). If the asset in question does indeed lose value, the person who shorted it will win the bet, and make a profit.
This can be done by borrowing assets and selling them at a higher price, returning the asset once you can buy it back at a lower price. 

For example, if you think that Tesla stocks will lose 10% of the value, you could short the stock, and make a 10% profit once it goes down by 10%. However, if Tesla stock gains value, than you will lose the equivalent amount.

Finance
Stock market
Richard Girnt Butler

Richard Girnt Butler (February 23, 1918 – September 8, 2004) was a white supremacist and American Christian religious leader. Butler founded the neo-Nazi Aryan Nations and would become one of the most well known and influential leaders of the American far-right.

Butler was a former member of the Silver Shirts, an American fascist organization modeled after Nazi Brownshirts and active until its suppression following the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor.

Butler was convicted of conspiracy by the United States Department of Justice, but was not convicted because the grand jury failed to prosecute him.

References

1918 births
2004 deaths
Deaths from congestive heart failure
People from Denver, Colorado
American Christians
American conservatives
American military personnel of World War II
Writers from Colorado
Writers from Idaho