cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Exotic pet

A exotic pet is a rare or unusual animal which is kept as a pet. It is kept in human households but is relatively unusual or usually thought of as a wild animal rather than as a pet.

"Exotic" often refers to a species which is not native (indigenous) to where the owner lives, or an animal that isn't typically kept as a pet (unlike cats or dogs).  "Pet" is a companion animal living with people.

Some animals kept as exotic pets
A wide variety of animals have been kept as pets. Below is a list of some animals that are kept in captivity at home and are thought to be "exotic". Where examples are provided within a category, the examples are the animals that are relatively commonly kept as pets in captivity at home within that category (although mice and parakeets may not really be considered very "exotic").

Arachnids (e.g., tarantulas, scorpions, and vinegaroons)
Dolphins and porpoises
Frogs and toads (e.g., African bullfrogs, Argentine horned frogs, and fire-bellied toads)
Genets
Hedgehogs
Hyenas
Insects (e.g., crickets, stick insects, Hercules beetles, Madagascar hissing cockroaches, and praying mantises)
Kusimanses
Lagomorphs (e.g. rabbits and hares)
Lizards (e.g., bearded dragons, blue-tongued skinks, chameleons, day geckos, iguanas, monitor lizards, frilled dragon lizard, leopard geckos, and tegus)
Marsupials (e.g., wallabies, wallaroos, koalas, wombats and possums such as sugar gliders)
Myriapods (e.g., millipedes)
Non-domesticated and hybrid canids (e.g., wolf-dog hybrids, fennec foxes, domesticated red foxes,  and raccoon dogs)
Non-domesticated and hybrid cats (e.g., Asian leopard cats, Bengal cats, caracals, chausies, savannah cats)

Parrots (e.g., African grays, Amazon parrots, caiques, cockatiels, cockatoos, conures, eclectus parrots, lories, lorikeets, lovebirds, macaws, parakeets, and parrotlets)
Pigeons
Primates (e.g. galagos (bush babies) and monkeys such as squirrel monkeys and capuchins as pictured above)
Procyonids (e.g. raccoons, kinkajous and coatimundis)
Raptors (e.g., falcons and hawks)
Rodents (e.g., capybaras, chinchillas, fancy rats, gerbils, dormice, guinea pigs, hamsters, mice, Patagonian cavies, and squirrels)
Salamanders (e.g., axolotls and tiger salamanders)
Sharks and other fishes
Skunks
Snakes (e.g., ball pythons, boa constrictors, king snakes, rat snakes)
Tortoises and other turtles (e.g., Greek tortoises, Hermann's tortoises, Russian tortoises, painted turtles, and red-eared sliders)

References 

Pets
Abe's salamander

The Abe's salamander (Hynobius abei) is a species of salamander. They are in the Hynobiidae family. They live in Japan. They live in forests, freshwater marshes, and freshwater springs. Their population is declining because of habitat loss. The IUCN lists the species as Critically Endangered.

References

Hynobius
Salamanders
Yanta District

Yanta District (, pinyin:Yàntǎ Qū, meaning "Wild goose Tower District") is a District of Xi'an, it's in southern part of Xi'an. Area of it is 151.44km2, and as of November 2010, 1,178,529 people live in here. The name of Yanta District is come from Big Wild Goose Tower, a tower that builded in 652 A.D. It's famous in culture and tour. The district have many university.

History 

In September 1954, Yanta District was set up. It was merge from Xi'an No.9 District, a part of Chang'an County, a part of Weiqu District and some other place.

In May 1960, some part of Xincheng District, Lianhu District and Beilin District was merged to Yanta District. But that was revoked in April 1962.

In September 1965, Yanta District was changed to Xi'an suburb toghter with Weiyang District, original Epang District and some other place. It's revoked in February 1980.

Political divisions 

Yanta District is divided to 8 part:

 Xiaozhailu Subdistrict
 Dayanta Subdistrict
 Changyanpu Subdistrict
 Dianzicheng Subdistrict
 Dengjiapo Subdistrict
 Yuhuazhai Subdistrict
 Zhangbagou Subdistrict
 Qujiang Subdistrict

Shaanxi
Districts of China
Leslie Nielsen

Leslie Nielsen (February 11, 1926 - November 28, 2010) was an American-Canadian actor, comedian and movie producer. His television roles include Forbidden Planet and Police Squad!. His movie roles include Airplane! and The Naked Gun trilogy: The Naked Gun: From the Files of Police Squad!, The Naked Gun 2 1/2: The Smell of Fear and Naked Gun 33 1/3: The Final Insult.

Nielsen was born in Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada. He died of pneumonia in Fort Lauderdale, Florida.

References

Other websites 
 

1926 births
2010 deaths
Comedians from Los Angeles
American movie actors
American movie producers
American television actors
American voice actors
Canadian comedians
Canadian movie actors
Canadian movie producers
Canadian television actors
Canadian voice actors
Deaths from pneumonia
Infectious disease deaths in the United States
People from Regina, Saskatchewan
Actors from Los Angeles
Forbidden Planet

Forbidden Planet is a 1956 American science fiction movie set in the 23rd century. It was written by Cyril Hume, directed by Fred M. Wilcox and produced by Nicholas Nayfack. It stars Walter Pidgeon, Anne Francis and Leslie Nielsen. The storyline is an obvious take of Shakespeare's The Tempest.

Other websites 

1956 movies
American science fiction movies
English-language movies
Flux (software)

Flux is the software by which it is possible to create and display 3D worlds. Flux exists in the shape of plug-in for web browsers like Internet Explorer and also it works as a single program.

Weblinks 
 Flux - Official site*
 Flux - History 
 Flux - Alternatives
 NEW! Flux Studio 2.0 - Availability
 MediaMachines Open Sources FluxPlayer for X3D - Importance

Graphics software
Web software
Leatherback sea turtle

The leatherback sea turtle is the largest of all living sea turtles.  It is the fourth largest modern reptile behind three crocodilians.

Adults average  in shell length,  in total length and weigh . The largest ever found was over  from head to tail and weighed . It was found on a beach on the west coast of Wales.

The eggs and young are often eaten by predators, but the adults can defend themselves aggressively. Only the largest sea predators can tackle a leatherback successfully.

Leatherback turtles are one of the deepest diving marine animals. They have been recorded diving to depths as great as .

They are also the fastest-moving reptiles. The 1992 edition of the Guinness Book of World Records lists the leatherback turtle moving at  in the water.
Usually, they swim at .

They can live as far north as Alaska and Norway and as far south as the Cape of Good Hope in Africa and the southernmost tip of New Zealand. The leatherback is found in all tropical and subtropical oceans, and it also goes well into the Arctic Circle.

Very little is known about how long they live. Some reports say "30 years or more", while others say "50 years or more".

References

Turtles
Takahito, Prince Mikasa

was a member of the Imperial House of Japan.

Early life
Prince Takahito was the fourth and youngest son of Emperor Taishō and Empress Teimei.  He was the brother of Emperor Shōwa, who was the father of the current emperor.

The prince's childhood title was Sumi-no-miya. He attended  the Gakushūin Peers' School from 1922 to 1932.

The prince attended the Imperial Japanese Army Academy from 1932 to 1936. He graduated from the Army Staff College.

In 1935, Emperor Shōwa gave him the title Mikasa-no-miya (Prince Mikasa). He was given permission to form a new branch of the Imperial family.

Career
Prince Mikasa served in the army from 1937 to 1947.

He was an officer in China. He served at Army Headquarters during the Second World War.

Death
Prince Mikasa died of cardiac arrest after being treated for pneumonia at a hospital in Tokyo at the age of 100.

Honors
 Order of the Chrysanthemum
 Order of the Elephant
 Order of Merit of the Italian Republic, 1982

Related pages 
 Line of succession to the Japanese throne
 Japanese Imperial family tree

References

Other websites 

 Imperial Household Agency (Kunaicho), Prince and Princess Mikasa

1915 births
2016 deaths
Deaths from cardiac arrest
People from Tokyo
Japanese imperial family
Toronto Zoo

The Toronto Zoo is a zoo in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.  With , the Toronto Zoo is the largest zoo in Canada.

It is in seven geographic regions: Indo-Malaya, Africa, Americas, Tundra Trek, Australasia, Eurasia and the Canadian Domain. Some animals are indoors in tropical settings.  Some are outdoors in what would be their normal environments. It also has areas such as the Kids Zoo, Waterside Theatre and Splash Island. The zoo is currently home to over 16,000 animals.  There are over 491 species.

In April 2012 the zoo is not in the Association of Zoos and Aquariums.  It sent three elephants to a place that is not okayed by the AZA. The zoo can ask to be back in the AZA in March 2013.

Gallery

References

Zoos
Toronto
Oliver Reed

Robert Oliver Reed (13 February 1938 - 2 May 1999) was a British actor. He was born in Wimbledon, Surrey. He was a nephew of movie director Sir Carol Reed (1906-1976) and grandson of actor and theatre manager Herbert Beerbohm Tree (1852-1917).

Reed's starred in many movies, including: Women in Love, The Devils, The Three Musketeers, Tommy, Castaway ,Gladiatorand "Treasure island"

Reed was an alcoholic. He died of a heart attack in Valletta, Malta.

References

Other websites 

Actors from Surrey
Deaths from myocardial infarction
English movie actors
English television actors
1938 births
1999 deaths
Immaculate antbird

The immaculate antbird (Myrmeciza immaculata), also known as the blue-lored antbird, is a species of antbird in the family Thamnophilidae. It is found in forests in Costa Rica, Panama, western and northern Colombia, western Venezuela, and western Ecuador. The species eats insects, and usually follows swarms of army ants to catch prey. However, it may sometimes find its prey away from the swarms.

References 
 BirdLife International 2004.  Myrmeciza immaculata.   2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.   Downloaded on 26 July 2007.

Other websites 

Passeriformes
Triton (mythology)

Triton was the son of Poseidon, the sea god, in Greek mythology. He acted as Poseidon's messenger. He had the ability to make the seas calm by blowing on a conch shell. He is shown in Greek art as having the body of a man and a fish tail, like a mermaid. Sometimes he is shown with arms like the claws of a crab, at other times he has arms like a horse's legs. He lived in a golden palace at the bottom of the ocean.

Sometimes Triton was shown as being many people, known as Tritones.

The planet Neptune's moon, Triton, was named after the god.

References

Greek mythology
Xincheng District

Xincheng District (, pinyin:Xīnchéng Qū, meaning: New City District), is a district of Xi'an, Shaanxi, China, and it's in middle-eastern of Xi'an. Shaanxi government is in here. Its name is from Xincheng Square. As of November 2011, 589,739 people live in here. Area of Xincheng District is 30.13 km2.

Shaanxi
Districts of China
Beilin District

Beilin District (, pinyin:Bēilín Qū) is a district of Xi'an, Shaanxi, China. It's in center of Xi'an. Its name comes from Stele Forest (碑林, Beilin). Area of the district is 264.41 km2 and as of November 2010, 806,811 live in here. The district is famous in tour.

Shaanxi
Districts of China
Monte Hermoso

Monte Hermoso is a town on the Atlantic coast of Argentina.  It is about  east of the city of Bahía Blanca.  It is in the south of the Province of Buenos Aires. It is the capital of the partido of Monte Hermoso.

The tallest lighthouse in South America is nearby.  It is called Faro Recalada a Bahia Blanca.  It is  high. 

Cities in Argentina
Buenos Aires Province
Pope Callixtus III

Pope Callixtus III (; December 31, 1378–August 6, 1458), born Alfonso de Borja, was an Spanish official of the Roman Catholic Church and the 210th Pope from April 8, 1455 until his death.

Early life
Borja was born near Valencia on December 31, 1378.

Bishop
Martin V named Borja bishop of Valencia in 1429.

Cardinal
In 1444, Eugene IV made Borja or "Borgia" a cardinal.

Pope
After Nicholas V died, Cardinal Borgia was elected pope on April 8, 1455.  He chose to be called Callixtus III.

In 1456, Callixtus authorized a review of the trial of Joan of Arc; and she was found innocent.

Related pages 
 List of popes
 List of popes from the Borgia family

References

Other websites

 
  Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church,  Borja, Alfonso de 

Spanish popes
1378 births
1458 deaths
People from Valencia
House of Borgia
Popes
Gilbert and Sullivan

Gilbert and Sullivan were two men who worked together during the late 19th century to write fourteen well known comic operas. W.S. Gilbert wrote the words to the operas, while Arthur Sullivan was the composer who wrote the music.

Gilbert and Sullivan introduced innovations in content and form that influenced the development of musical theatre in the 20th century. The operas have also influenced political discourse, literature, film and television. Their operas are still commonly performed today, and some have been turned into movies. Many of the operas are very funny, and the songs are often parodied.

Producer Richard D'Oyly Carte brought Gilbert and Sullivan together and helped their collaboration. He built the Savoy Theatre in 1881 to present their joint works, and founded the D'Oyly Carte Opera Company, which performed and promoted their works for over a century.

Operas
 Thespis, or The Gods Grown Old (1871)
 Trial by Jury (1875)
 The Sorcerer (1877)
 H.M.S. Pinafore, or The Lass That Loved a Sailor (1878)
 The Pirates of Penzance, or The Slave of Duty (1879)
 Patience, or Bunthorne's Bride (1881)
 Iolanthe, or The Peer and the Peri (1882)
 Princess Ida, or Castle Adamant (1884)
 The Mikado, or The Town of Titipu (1885)
 Ruddigore, or The Witch's Curse (1887)
 The Yeomen of the Guard, or The Merryman and his Maid (1888)
 The Gondoliers, or The King of Barataria (1889)
 Utopia, Limited, or The Flowers of Progress (1893)
 The Grand Duke, or The Statutory Duel (1896)

References
Folies Bergère

The Folies Bergère  is a nightclub in Paris which opened in 1869 as a music hall. It was at the height of its fame and popularity from the 1890s until the Second World War. It is still in business.

History
It opened on 2 May 1869 as the Folies Trévise, offering operettas, comic opera, popular songs, and gymnastics. It became the Folies Bergère on 13 September 1872, named after a nearby street, the rue Bergère. 

In 1882, Édouard Manet painted the famous A Bar at the Folies-Bergère.

In 1886, Édouard Marchand thought up a new type of entertainment for the Folies Bergère: the music-hall review. Women would be the heart of Marchand's concept for the Folies. In the early 1890s, the American dancer Loïe Fuller  starred at the Folies Bergère. In 1902, illness forced Marchand to leave after 16 years.

In 1918, Paul Derval (1880–1966) made his mark on the review. His reviews were to feature extravagant costumes, sets and effects, and his "small nude women". Derval's small nude women would become the hallmark of the Folies. During his 48 years at the Folies, he launched the careers of many French stars including Maurice Chevalier, Mistinguett, Josephine Baker, Fernandel and many others.

Performers
Many famous entertainers have performed at the Folies Bergère:

Filmography 
 1936: Folies Bergère de Paris with Maurice Chevalier
 1956: Folies-Bergère with Zizi Jeanmaire
 1956: Énigme aux Folies Bergère 
 1991: La Totale!

References 

1869 establishments
Buildings and structures in Paris
Entertainment venues
19th-century establishments in France
1860s establishments in Europe
Metal Max

is a science fiction role-playing video game series that produced by Japanese company Crea-Tech. First game of series was release in 1991 in Nintendo Entertainment System. Due to treadmark problemsr, series has a sub-series Metal Saga. Series is famous in high freedom and unusual game world.

System 

Like other Japanese RPGs, players use characters travel in destroyed feature world, find items to strong themselves, and battle with enemys to get money. In games, player can find and get tanks, tanks are powerful and can protect characters. Player can find tank in different place by searching, bought by money or made by NPCs. In battle, human characters can attact by themselves or using tanks, while all character's health points equals 0, battle was lost.

Tank has 6 parts: cannon (main gun), machine gun (sub gun), special equipments, chassis, engine, and control system. Using weapon can attack enemy, and the others can keep tank running normally. Tank was covered by armors, if tank was attacked, armors might be lost, than it will broken easily. If tank broken heavily, it wouldn't move or protect character, and it must need to be fixed.

Development 

First game of series was released in 1991 when Dragon Quest was popular in Japan, developer said for public that it's boring for battle with dragons, play human with tanks RPG -- Metal Max. In 1993, Metal Max 2 was released, it was sold 280,000 copies. And in 1995, the first of series was remade.

In the end of 1990s, original publisher Data East run not good, some game want to be publisher but not success. Finally, Data East got bankrupt in 2003, and "Metal Max" belongs to the one who don't work for video games.

Since 2005, Success company published a game as title "Metal Saga". In 2009, Enterbrain get the original treadmark, and Metal Max 3 was published in 2010 by Kadokawa Games.

References

Other websites 
  
  
  
 Producer company's website 

Metal Max
Nintendo Entertainment System games
Role-playing video games
Science fiction
Video game series
Anna Paquin

Anna Helene Paquin (born July 24, 1982) is a Canadian-New Zealand movie actress. She was born in Winnipeg, Manitoba to a French Canadian father and New Zealand mother. She won Academy Awards for The Piano at age 11 in 1994. She also performed in movies related to the X-Men franchise.

Paquin is openly bisexual.

Filmography

Films

Television

Telefilms

Series

Short

Internet

Voice

References

Other websites

1982 births
Living people
Academy Award winning actors
Actors from Winnipeg
Bisexual people
Canadian child actors
Canadian LGBT people
Canadian movie actors
Canadian television actors
Canadian voice actors
Golden Globe Award winning actors
LGBT actors

New Zealand movie actors
New Zealand television actors
New Zealand voice actors
Panathinaiko Stadium

The Panathinaiko Stadium is a stadium in Athens, Greece. The Olympic Games of 1896 and 2004 were held here. The London 2012 Olympics started here.

It is the only major stadium in the world built entirely of white marble.  It is also one of the oldest in the world.

Olympic Games
Stadiums in Europe
Buildings and structures in Athens
Dayak

The Dayak are the native ethnic group of Borneo. There is no Dayak culture, because the word is used for many different groups of people. Dayak live on the island of Borneo, that is either in Brunei, Indonesia or Malaysia. Originally, the Dayak had their own religions, which were a mix of animism and shamanism. In the 20th century, many Dayak converted to either Christianity or Islam. Some didn't, and they call their religion Kaharingan. For reasons of classifying, Kaharingan has been made a form of Hinduism.

Gallery

Indonesian people
Ethnic groups in Asia
Malaysian people
Positive-definite matrix

A positive-definite matrix is a matrix with special properties.  The definition of the term is best understood for square matrices that are symmetrical, also known as Hermitian matrices.

Definition 

A square matrix filled with real numbers is positive definite if it can be multiplied by any non-zero vector and its transpose and be greater than zero.  The vector chosen must be filled with real numbers.

Examples 

The matrix   is positive definite. To prove this, we choose a vector with entries .  When we multiply the vector, its transpose, and the matrix, we get:  
when the entries z0, z1 are real and at least one of them nonzero, this is positive.  This proves that the matrix  is positive-definite.

Linear algebra

de:Definitheit#Definitheit von Matrizen
Transpose

The transpose of a matrix A is another matrix where the rows of A are written as columns. Vectors can be transposed in the same way. We can write the transpose of A using different symbols such as AT, A′  Atr and At.

Examples 
Here is the vector  being transposed:

Here are a few matrices being transposed:

Properties 
Given two matrices A and B, the following properties related to the transpose are true:

Related pages 

 Invertible matrix

References 

Algebra

de:Matrix (Mathematik)#Die transponierte Matrix
UEFA Euro 2012 Group B

Group B of the UEFA Euro 2012 began on June 9, 2012 and ended on June 17, 2012. The group had the teams of Denmark, Germany, Netherlands and Portugal. Germany and Portugal went to the quarter-finals. The group was named the "Group of death," because the teams were in the top 10 in the FIFA World Rankings at the start of the games.

Table

Games

Netherlands vs Denmark

Germany vs Portugal

Denmark vs Portugal

Netherlands vs Germany

Portugal vs Netherlands

Denmark vs Germany

Statistics

Top scorer 

  Mario Gómez (3 goals)

Other websites 
UEFA Euro 2012 Group B

UEFA Euro 2012
Hazara people

Hazāra () are a Persian-speaking people who mainly live in central Afghanistan and in Pakistan. They are mostly Shiite Muslims and comprise the third largest ethnic group of Afghanistan, forming about 18% (according to other sources up to 25%) of the total population. Over half a million Hazaras live in neighboring Pakistan, native to the region of Quetta and also some Hazaras live in Iran mostly as refugees.

Related pages 
 Ethnic groups in Afghanistan
 Aimaq Hazara
 Aimaq people

Gallery

References 

Hazara people
Dick Bertell

Dick Bertell (21 November 1935 – 20 December 1999) was a Major League Baseball player for the Chicago Cubs and the San Francisco Giants. He was a catcher. He was in the 1962 all-star game.

1935 births
1999 deaths
Chicago Cubs players
San Francisco Giants players
Emily Blunt

Emily Olivia Leah Blunt (born 15 October 1985) is a British and American actress. She was born in Wandsworth, London. She is a niece of the MP Crispin Blunt (born 1960) and a granddaughter of Peter Blunt (1923-2003).

Life
Blunt's television roles include the title character Gideon's Daughter, for which she won a Golden Globe Award. Her movie roles include Emily Charlton in The Devil Wears Prada, the title role of Queen Victoria in The Young Victoria and Elise Sellas in The Adjustment Bureau.

Blunt married John Krasinski in Como, Italy on 10 July 2010. The couple have two daughters, born in 2014 and 2016. Blunt became a dual British-American citizen in 2015. 

Blunt has been diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive disorder.

In 2018, Blunt starred alongside her husband in the 2018 horror movie A Quiet Place. She starred as Mary Poppins in the 2018 Disney fantasy movie Mary Poppins Returns.

References

Other websites

1983 births
Living people
Actors from London
American movie actors
American stage actors
American television actors
English movie actors
English stage actors
English television actors
Golden Globe Award winning actors
Naturalized citizens of the United States
People from Wandsworth
Dwight Schrute

Dwight Kurt Schrute III (; born January 20, 1968) is a character on The Office played by Rainn Wilson. He is one of the highest-ranking salesmen as well as assistant to the regional manager (disputed) at the paper company Dunder Mifflin. 

Schrute is known for his lack of social skills and common sense, his love for martial arts and the justice system, and his office rivalry with fellow salesman Jim Halpert. He is also known for his romantic relationship with Angela. 

Dwight was also the Vice President of Special Projects Development for the Sabre Corporation, but was soon replaced by Todd Packer, who was almost immediately terminated. In the final season, Dwight is finally offered the position of permanent Regional Manager.

Notes

The Office (U.S. TV series) characters
Pogo stick

A pogo stick is a type of hopping device that holds one person. It works by jumping off the ground in a standing position with the help of a spring. It is used as a toy or exercise equipment.

Toys
Alan Dershowitz

Alan Morton Dershowitz (born September 1, 1938) is an American lawyer, professor, and political commentator who is Jewish. He has spent most of his career at Harvard Law School, where he became the youngest full professor of law in its history in 1967, at the age of 28. He has held the Felix Frankfurter professorship there since 1993. He was born in Brooklyn.

Dershowitz is known for his role in several important legal cases and as a commentator on the Arab–Israeli conflict. As a criminal lawyer, he has won 13 of the 15 murder and attempted murder cases he has handled, and has represented many celebrity clients, such as Mike Tyson, Patty Hearst, Jeffrey Epstein and Jim Bakker. His most famous cases include his role in 1984 in overturning the conviction of Claus von Bülow for the attempted murder of his wife, Sunny, and as the appellate adviser for the defense in the trial of O.J. Simpson in 1995. In 2020, he was hired by President Donald Trump to defend him during his impeachment trial.

He is a political liberal, and has written several books on politics and law, including Reversal of Fortune: Inside the von Bülow Case (1985), the basis of the 1990 film; Chutzpah (1991); Reasonable Doubts: The Criminal Justice System and the O.J. Simpson Case (1996); The Case for Israel (2003); Rights From Wrongs: A Secular Theory of the Origins of Rights (2004) and The Case for Peace (2005).

He is also a writer (guest columnist/blogger) for The Huffington Post.

References

1938 births
Living people
Lawyers from New York City
American political commentators
Jewish American academics
Jewish American writers
Jewish lawyers
HuffPost writers and columnists
Writers from Brooklyn
Yale University alumni
Zionists
Educators from New York City
Temple of Zeus at Olympia

The Temple of Zeus is a Doric temple in the sanctuary at Olympia, Greece. Olympia was the site of the ancient Olympic Games. The temple is a ruin. It was dedicated to Zeus, the principal god of the Ancient Greeks. This temple was the most important and most impressive structure at Olympia. 

The temple was built between 470 BC and 456 BC. Local limestone was the chief material used. The roof tiles, the gargoyles, and the sculptures were made of marble. The temple measured 64.12 meters by 27.66 meters. It was 20.25 meters high. The temple had six columns at the ends and thirteen columns along both sides. The height of each column was 10.45 meters.

A ramp at the eastern end led to the prodomos. The table holding the Olympic wreaths stood to the right. The crowning of the victors took place on the last day at this spot. 

The sculptures of the east pediment depicted the story of Pelops and Hippodameia. This story is about the first chariot races. The sculptures of the west pediment depicted the story of the Centaurs and the Lapiths. This story is about the contest between barbarity and civilization. There were six metopes over the front porch and six over the back porch. They depicted the Labors of Heracles.

The temple once contained Phidias' Statue of Zeus, one of the seven wonders of the ancient world. The fate of the statue is unknown. It may have been taken to Constantinople where it was probably destroyed in the fire of 475 AD. Or, it may have been destroyed in the fire at Olympia in 426 AD. Phidias' workshop was discovered at Olympia in 1954.

Statue bases cover the area around the temple. These bases held statues of gods, heroes, and Olympic victors. They were dedicated by individuals and cities. The sacred olive from which the Olympic wreaths were cut stood on the west side of the temple. Emperor Theodosius II ordered the temple burned to the ground in 426 AD. Earthquakes destroyed it in 522 AD and in 551.

Reading list 
 
 

Buildings and structures in Greece
Zeus at Olympia
Greek mythology
Olympia, Greece
Heraia

The Heraia were footraces held in honor of the goddess Hera in Olympia, Greece since early ancient times. The races were said to have been created by Hippodameia in gratitude for her marriage to Pelops. 

Only virgins from Elis, Greece competed. They wore a short tunic that fell just above the knees. The right shoulder was bare to the breast. Competitors ran only about 160 meters in the stadium of Olympia. This was somewhat short of the stadium's complete length. 

The judges were 16 Eleian women. Every four years, they wove Hera's sacred peplos (dress), and took it to her Temple. The judges had two special dances: the Hippodameia and the Physkoa. The latter was dedicated to a local nymph with whom Dionysos fell in love.  

Winners of the race received an olive branch wreath and a portion of the cow's meat sacrificed to Hera. They had the right to dedicate their statues to the Temple of Hera. The Heraia was not held during the years of the men's Olympic Games. About two years separated the events.

Ancient Greece
Ancient sports
Commission (remuneration)

Commission is the payment of extra on top of a salary. Commission is generally found in sales work where a salesman obtains part of the total sale as extra wage.

Economics
Farad

A farad is a unit of measurement used in electronics. It is used for capacitance, which is the ability to store electric charge.  The unit is named after the English physicist Michael Faraday. The different sizes of farad are: farads (F), millifarads (mF), microfarads (μF), nanofarads (nF) or picofarads (pF). The farad is a large unit of capacitance. Typical devices in electronics have capacitances ranging from microfarads to picofarads. Some supercapacitors have more than one farad.

References 

Electricity
Jacme Taupiac

Jacme Taupiac (born 12 February 1939) is an Occitan author and linguist. He was one of the leaders of the Institut d'Estudis Occitans. He also modernized the Occitan grammar of Alibèrt and promoted the linguistic normalization of Val d'Aran. He is also a recognized Esperantist.

Reference
Biography on the magazine Calenda

Linguists
1939 births
Living people
French writers
Mount Ashitaka

is a Japanese volcanic complex in the area south-east of Mount Fuji.  Its highest peak is Mount Echizen-dake 1504 meters high, but Mount Ashitaka is named after its secondary peak, Ashitaka-yama, 1188 meters high.

History
Mount Ashitaka erupted in the mid-Pleistocene epoch.  It last erupted about 100,000 years ago.  It is an extinct volcano.

Gallery

References

Other websites

 SpringerImages,  "Simplified geologic cross-section of Fuji and Ashitaka Volcanoes"

Volcanoes of Japan
Christopher Hill

John Edward Christopher Hill (6 February 1912 – 24 February 2003), usually known simply as Christopher Hill, was an English Marxist historian and author of textbooks.

Hill was born into a prosperous middle class family of Methodists in York. His father was a solicitor. He attended St Peter's School, York. When he sat his entrance examination at Balliol College, Oxford, The two history tutors from Balliol College, recognised his ability and offred him a place to forestall any chance he might go to Cambridge.

Before he went to Oxford in 1931, Hill had a prolonged holiday in Freiburg, Germany, Where he witnessed the rise of the Nazi Party; he later said it contributed significantly to the radicalisation of his politics.

He died of cerebral atrophy in Chipping Norton, Oxfordshire.

1912 births
2003 deaths
British communists
Disease-related deaths in England
English historians
People from York
Writers from Yorkshire
Laurean Rugambwa

Laurean Rugambwa (July 12, 1912 – December 8, 1997) was a Tanzanian Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church.  He is known as the first cardinal from sub-Saharan Africa. Laurean Rugambwa was born in Bukongo, Tanganyika (modern Tanzania). He became a priest in 1943. In Rome, he studied Canon law at the Pontifical Urban College.

In the early 1950s, Rugambwa became a bishop.  He was the first Tanzanian bishop. Rugambwa was made a cardinal by Pope John XXIII in 1960.

Cardinal Rugambwa participated in the Second Vatican Council from 1962 to 1965.

References

Other websites
 Tanzania Episcopal Conference , His Eminence Laurean Cardinal Rugambwa 
 Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church,Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church
 Catholic Hierarchy, Catholic-Hierarchy

1912 births
1997 deaths
Cardinals of the Roman Catholic Church
Roman Catholic bishops
Tanzanian people
Rufino Santos

Rufino Jiao Santos (August 26, 1908–September 3, 1973) was a Filipino priest of the Roman Catholic Church.  He is known as the first Filipino Cardinal.

Early life
Rufino Santos was born in Guagua, Pampanga.  Santos studied at San Carlos Seminary from 1921 to 1927.  He also studied at the Pontifical Gregorian University in Rome.

Priest
Santos became a priest in 1931.  He was ordained at the Basilica of Saint John Lateran in Rome.

Bishop
Santos became a bishop in 1947.  He was made archbishop of Manila on March 25, 1953. 

Repairs and renovation of Manila Cathedral were completed in 1958.

Cardinal
Pope John XXIII made Santos a cardinal on March 28, 1960.  

In 1970, Cardinal Santos was host for Pope Paul VI when he visited the Philippines.

References

Other websites
 Rufino Cardinal Santos at Catholic Hierarchy

1908 births
1973 deaths
Cardinals of the Roman Catholic Church
Filipino Roman Catholics
Roman Catholic archbishops
Temple of Hera at Olympia

The Temple of Hera (Heraion) is a temple dedicated to Hera, the Greek goddess of marriage. She was the wife of Zeus, the greatest of the Greek gods. The temple was built about 600 BC at Olympia, Greece. It is one of the oldest temples in Greece. It measures 50 meters by 18.75 meters. It was about 7.80 meters high. It had six Doric columns at either end and sixteen Doric columns on each side. The columns were originally made of wood, but were replaced with limestone at different times. The temple was destroyed by an earthquake in the early 4th century AD. It was not repaired.

A statue of Hera was seated on a throne at the eastern end of the cella. A stone head that may be Hera survives. Next to Hera stood a statue of Zeus dressed as a warrior. The famous statue of Hermes and the Infant Dionysos of Praxiteles was kept in the temple. At the western end of the temple was kept the table that held the wreaths for the victors of the Olympic Games. Other valuable items were also kept at the western end.

Winners of the ancient all-female Heraia had the right to dedicate their statues to the temple. It was at these footraces that the statue of Hera was dressed every four years in a robe made by the women of Elis. The modern Olympic Flame is lit at the Altar of Hera which stands to the east of the temple. The German Archaeological Institute restored some of the columns in the late 20th century as well as the great circular akroterion of the temple. The akroterion is displayed in the Olympia museum.

Gallery

Other websites

Buildings and structures in Greece
Greek mythology
Hera at Olympia
Olympia, Greece
List of Big Time Rush episodes

Big Time Rush, (also known as BTR), is a television series that airs on the Nickelodeon network. It is about four Minnesota teenagers, played by Kendall Schmidt, James Maslow, Carlos Pena, Jr. and Logan Henderson, who form a boy band and move to Hollywood, California. Ciara Bravo, Tanya Chisholm, and Stephen Kramer Glickman co-star.

As of May 12, 2012, the show has aired fifty episodes over three seasons, from 2009 to 2012.

Series overview

References

Lists of television series episodes
Teatro La Fenice

is a famous opera house in Venice, Italy. People often call it simply . Its name comes from the Italian word Fenice, meaning Phoenix. The Phoenix is a mythical bird. It dies in fire and is born again from the ashes.

History
An older opera house in Venice called the  burnt down in 1774. It was the main, opera house in Venice. Some noblemen built it again, but the Venier, a famous family in Venice, made them sell the new theatre to them. So, the noblemen built a new opera house in 1792. They called it Teatro La Fenice. The first opera performed there was Giovanni Paisiello's  (The Games of Agrigento).

La Fenice burnt down in 1836.  It was built again in 1837. On 29 January 1996, La Fenice burnt down again. It was set on fire by two men working on the building. They were sent to prison for arson.  La Fenice was built again in 2003 in the style of the old one. The architect, Aldo Rossi, used pictures and movies of the old La Fenice to plan the new one.

Five of Giuseppe Verdi's operas had their first performance at Teatro La Fenice:
 (1844)
 (1846)
 (1851)
 (1853)
 (1857)

References

Beauvert, Thierry (1996). Opera Houses of the World. The Vendome Press.

Other websites

Official website 

Opera houses in Italy
Buildings and structures in Italy
Venice
1792 establishments
18th-century establishments in Italy
1790s establishments in Europe
Australian Music Prize

The Australian Music Prize (The AMP) is a yearly award for an Australian band or solo artist.  It is $30,000. The AMP was formed in 2005.

The albums are judged on creative merit, not sales or popularity.

The list of nominees is given in February.  The winner is announced at an event in Sydney in March.

Past winners and short list nominees

Related pages
 Polaris Music Prize (Canada)
 Prix Constantin (France)
 Choice Music Prize (Ireland)
 Mercury Prize (United Kingdom)
 Shortlist Music Prize (United States)

References

Other websites
 AMP Website

Australian music
Music awards
Polaris Music Prize

The Polaris Music Prize is a music award given each year to the best full-length Canadian album.  It is for artistic merit, regardless of genre, sales, or record label.  The award was formed in 2006 with a $20,000 cash prize. the prize was increased to $30,000 for the 2011 award.

This list of nominees is released in early July. A group of 11 jury members ("The Grand Jury") meet in Toronto at the Polaris Music Prize gala in late September.  The winner is picked after the nominated bands perform.

Past winners and short list nominees

Related pages
 Choice Music Prize (Ireland)
 Mercury Music Prize (United Kingdom and Ireland)
 Australian Music Prize (Australia)
 Prix Constantin (France)
 Shortlist Prize (United States)

References

Other websites
 Polaris Music Prize

Music awards
Entertainment in Canada
Pankration

Pankration was a sport in Ancient Greece. Eight of Pindar's odes were written in honor of pankratiasts. The pankration was a form of wrestling with one difference: the athletes were allowed to use their fists. They did not wear boxing thongs however. Kicking and hitting were allowed but biting and gouging an eye or soft spot with a thumb or finger were forbidden. Umpires flogged athletes who violated these rules. In spite of this punishment, violations often occurred.

A Greek wrestler aimed to throw his opponent; a pankratiast however aimed to force his opponent to concede defeat. This might be done by getting an opponent in a hold that, if he did not yield (give up), a bone would be broken or a joint dislocated. Size and weight did not matter as much in the pankration as they did in boxing and wrestling because pankratiasts spent most of their time rolling around on the ground. 

The Greeks loved the pankration. They considered it the greatest test of an athlete's skill and strength. The pankration was also a favorite sport in Roman imperial times. The most famous ancient pankratiast was Arrichon of Philageia in the 6th century BC. He won the pankration in two Olympics, but died of a stranglehold in the Olympics of 564 BC. He was awarded the victor's wreath. Both Philostratus and Pausanias told the story of his final bout. A statue in the Olympia Museum may be his.

Gallery: Pankrationiasts on Greek pottery

Sources 
 

Ancient Greek wrestling
Milo of Croton

Milo of Croton was a 6th century BC Greek wrestler. He came from the Greek city of Croton in southern Italy. He had great success as a wrestler. He won many times in the most important sports festivals of ancient Greece.  He also led the people of Croton to a military victory over the neighboring city of Sybaris in 510 BC.

Milo was said to be a friend of Pythagoras. One story says the wrestler saved the philosopher's life when a roof was about to fall on him. Another story says that Milo may have married the philosopher's daughter. Like other successful athletes of ancient Greece, Milo was the subject of tales of strength and power. Among other tales, he was said to have carried a bull on his shoulders and to have burst a band about his forehead by inflating the veins of his temples.

The date of Milo's death is unknown. He was said to be splitting a tree in half when his hands became trapped in the tree. It was then that a pack of wolves surprised, killed, and ate him.   Milo is the subject of works of art by Pierre Puget, Étienne-Maurice Falconet and others. In literature, Rabelais wrote about him in Gargantua and Pantagruel and Shakespeare did the same in Troilus and Cressida.

References 

Ancient Greek wrestling
Ancient sportspeople
6th-century BC births
6th-century BC deaths
Choice Music Prize

The Choice Music Prize is a yearly music prize awarded to the best album from Ireland.  It has been sponsored by Meteor since 2011.

It was formed by journalist Jim Carroll and manager Dave Reid in 2005.

The ceremony to announce the winner takes place at Vicar Street, Dublin in February or March each year.

Winners and shortlisted nominees

Related pages
 Mercury Prize (United Kingdom)
 Polaris Music Prize (Canada)
 Australian Music Prize (Australia)
 Prix Constantin (France)
 Shortlist Music Prize (United States)

References

Other websites
 Choice Music Prize official site

Irish culture
Music awards
2005 establishments in Europe
Mercury Prize

The Mercury Prize, called the Barclaycard Mercury Prize for sponsorship reasons, is a yearly music prize.  It is awarded for the best album from the United Kingdom and Ireland. It was formed by the British Phonographic Industry and British Association of Record Dealers in 1992.  It was an alternative to the Brit Awards. It used to be called the Mercury Music Prize.

The prize was first sponsored by Mercury Communications. It was later sponsored by Technics, from 1998 to 2001.  Then Panasonic, in 2002 and 2003, and the Nationwide Building Society, from 2004 to 2008.  Barclaycard became the Prize's current sponsor in March 2009.

Nominations are announced in July. Presentation of the award usually takes place in September.

Winners and shortlisted nominees

Related pages
 Choice Music Prize (Ireland)
 Polaris Music Prize (Canada)
 Prix Constantin (France)
 Shortlist Music Prize (United States)
 Australian Music Prize (Australia)

References

Other websites
Official site

British music
Music awards
Theogenes

Theogenes was one of the greatest athletes in Ancient Greece. He was born in the city of Thasos on the island of the same name in the Aegean Sea in the early fifth century. He was a boxer and a pankrationiast. 

He had two victories at the Olympic Games. One was in boxing (480 BCE) and the other in the pankration (476). He won three times in boxing at the Pythian Games; nine times in boxing and once in the pankration at the Isthmian Games; and nine times in boxing at the Nemean Games. He also won the long distance race at Argos. He had 1300 other victories in lesser Games. 

It is certain that Theogenes was worshipped as a god in Thasos after his death. One of his enemies whipped his statue. It fell and crushed him to death. The people of Thasos threw the statue into the sea. It was stained with blood. The fields did not produce after this act. The people of Thasos pulled the statue from the sea and put it back in its place. Worship continued. Theogenes was said to heal diseases.

Notes

References
 
 

Ancient Greece
Ancient sportspeople
5th-century BC births
5th-century BC deaths
Cougar Town

Cougar Town is an American television sitcom. It was first on ABC on September 23, 2009. The show is set in Gulfhaven, Florida (nicknamed "Cougar Town" since its high school teams are the Cougars). The series focuses on a recently divorced woman in her forties.  The star is Courteney Cox who plays Jules Cobb.

Awards and nominations

References

Other websites 

2000s American television series
2010s American television series
American sitcoms
Television series set in Florida
English-language television programs
2009 television series debuts
2015 television series endings
Kleomedes of Astypalia

Kleomedes of Astypalia was an Ancient Greek boxer. Using illegal tactics, he killed his opponent Ikkos in either the 71st or 72nd Olympic Games (496 or 492 BCE). What exactly occurred is not certain. He was disqualified though and heavily fined. Kleomedes was so angry he returned to his home town, and pulled out a post supporting a school roof. Many children were killed. The people stoned him. He ran into a temple and climbed into a chest. When the people opened it, he was gone. The oracle ordered the people to worship Kleomedes as a hero and a divinity.

References 
 

Ancient sportspeople
Ancient Greece
5th-century BC deaths
4th-century BC births
Hermann Emil Fischer

Hermann Emil Fischer (9 October 1852 – 15 July 1919) was a German chemist who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1902.

Fischer was the founder of the chemistry of primary natural products: carbohydrates, purines and nucleosides, peptides and proteins. Amongst his many discoveries were the structure of carbohydrates, and he was the first to get synthetic peptides. He studied the active principles of tea, coffee and cocoa, namely, caffeine and theobromine.
 
Fischer also proposed the lock & key model of enzyme action.

Family 
Fischer was married to Agnes Gerlach in Feb. 1888, but she died seven years after their marriage. They had three sons, named Hermann Otto Laurenz Fischer (16. Dec. 1888 - 09. Mar. 1960) Walter (05. Jul. 1891 – 04. Nov. 1916) and Alfred (3. Oct. 1894 – 29. Mar. 1917). Alfred was killed in World War I, Walter committed suicide at the age of 25 as a result of compulsory military training. 

His eldest son Hermann Otto Laurenz Fischer, was Professor of Biochemistry in the University of California, Berkeley from 1948 until his death in 1960.

Death 
At the end, suffering from terminal cancer, he is thought to have committed suicide in 1919.

Emil Fischer is burried at Friedhof Wannsee, Lindenstraße and since 1956 named as grave of honor for extraordinary services or achievements in his lifetimes.

References 

1852 births
1919 deaths
German academics
German chemists
German Nobel Prize winners
Nobel Prize in Chemistry winners
Suicides in Germany