cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Diamonds and Toads

"Diamonds and Toads" () is a fairy tale by Charles Perrault. It first appeared in a handwritten and illustrated manuscript in 1695 called Contes de ma mêre l'oye (). The volume was intended for the king's niece, and included four other tales by Perrault.  It was first published in Paris in 1697 by Claude Barbin in Histoires ou contes du temps passé (), a collection of eight prose fairy tales by Perrault. "Le Doie Pizzelle" () is a similar tale in Giambattista Basile's Pentamerone (1550-53). Other versions of Perrault's tale exist, including one collected in Hesse by the Brothers Grimm. Iona and Peter Opie write, "The theme of this tale is one of the most popular in the world, that of the proud and the privileged being brought low, and the meek and down-trodden being raised above them."  Christopher Betts believes the tale was intended for a young audience, "old enough to appreciate that the unkind sister is 'rude' ... but not enough to object to the scarcely disguised nannyish advice."

Story 
A widow has two daughters. The elder is ugly, selfish and rude. The younger is beautiful, kind and polite. The younger is sent to fetch water from a spring. An old woman dressed in rags (a fairy in disguise) asks for a drink of water. The girl politely gives her one. In thanks, the fairy causes diamonds and roses to drop from the girl's mouth whenever she speaks. At home, her mother is amazed. She sends her elder daughter to the spring. The girl meets a grandly-dressed lady (the fairy) who asks for a drink of water. The girl responds rudely. The fairy causes snakes and toads to drop from her mouth.  At home, her mother is furious. She blames the younger sister. The girl runs into the woods. She meets a prince who falls in love and marries her. The elder sister dies after running away from home. A rhyming moral tells the reader that politeness and gentle words are worth more than jewels. They may bring unexpected rewards.

Gallery 
Illustrations of the tale by Laura Vlentine fr Aunt Louisa's Nursery Favorite (1870).

References 

 Betts, Christopher (Ed.) 2009. The Complete Fairy Tales. Oxford UP. .
 Opie, Iona and Peter. 1974. The Classic Fairy Tales. Oxford UP. pp. 98–9.

Fairy tales
Works by Charles Perrault
Shiribeshi Province

was a old province of Japan on the island of Hokkaido.  The history of the province started in 1869 and ended in 1882.

The boundaries of this ancient province are generally mirrored in what are today called Shiribeshi Subprefecture and the northern part of Hiyama Subprefecture.

History

After 1869, the northern Japanese island was known as Hokkaido. Regional subdivisions were established. Shiribeshi Province was one of the new entities which were created in 1869.

In the Meiji period, the provinces of Japan were converted into prefectures.  The maps of Japan including Shiribeshi Province were reformed in the 1870s.

In 1882, Shiribeshi and the other ten provinces of Hokkaido were reorganized as Hakodate Prefecture, Sapporo Prefecture and Nemuro Prefecture.

Related pages
 Provinces of Japan
 Prefectures of Japan
 List of regions of Japan
 List of islands of Japan

References

Other websites 

  Murdoch's map of provinces, 1903

Former provinces of Japan
Hokkaido Prefecture
About Schmidt

About Schmidt is a 2002 American comedy-drama movie set in Nebraska and Colorado. It was directed by Alexander Payne and starred Jack Nicholson.

Release dates

Other websites 

2002 comedy-drama movies
2000s road movies
American comedy-drama movies
American road movies
English-language movies
Movies set in Colorado
Movies set in Nebraska
Works about old age
Teshio Province

was a old province of Japan on the island of Hokkaido.  The history of the province started in 1869 and ended in 1882.

The boundaries of this ancient province are generally mirrored in what is today called Rumoi Subprefecture and the northern half of Kamikawa Subprefecture.

History

After 1869, the northern Japanese island was known as Hokkaido. Regional subdivisions were established. Teshio Province was one of the new entities which were created in 1869.

In the Meiji period, the provinces of Japan were converted into prefectures.  The maps of Japan including Teshio Province were reformed in the 1870s.

In 1882, Teshio and the other ten provinces of Hokkaido were reorganized as Hakodate Prefecture, Sapporo Prefecture and Nemuro Prefecture.

Related pages
 Provinces of Japan
 Prefectures of Japan
 List of regions of Japan
 List of islands of Japan

References

Other websites 

  Murdoch's map of provinces, 1903

Former provinces of Japan
Hokkaido Prefecture
Hop o' My Thumb

"Hop o' My Thumb" (French: Le petit Poucet) is a fairy tale by Charles Perrault. It was first published in 1697 in Paris by Claude Barbin in Histoires ou contes du temps passé (Stories or Tales of Past Times), a collection of eight fairy tales by Perrault. The story tells of several brothers abandoned by their parents. The smallest brother is the same size as a person's thumb. He saves his brothers from an ogre. Perrault's rhyming moral at the end of the story tells readers that sometimes the smallest boy in the family brings good things to all.

References 
 Betts, Christopher (Ed.) 2009. The Complete Fairy Tales. Oxford UP. pp. 187-90.
 Opie, Iona and Peter. 1974. The Classic Fairy Tales. Oxford UP. pp. 128-9.

Fairy tales
French literature
Works by Charles Perrault
Tokachi Province

was a old province of Japan on the island of Hokkaido.  The history of the province started in 1869 and ended in 1882.

The boundaries of this ancient province are generally mirrored in what is today called Tokachi Subprefecture.

History

After 1869, the northern Japanese island was known as Hokkaido. Regional subdivisions were established. Tokachi Province was one of the new entities which were created in 1869.

In the Meiji period, the provinces of Japan were converted into prefectures.  The maps of Japan including Tokachi Province were reformed in the 1870s.

In 1882, Tokachi and the other ten provinces of Hokkaido were reorganized as Hakodate Prefecture, Sapporo Prefecture and Nemuro Prefecture.

Related pages
 Provinces of Japan
 Prefectures of Japan
 List of regions of Japan
 List of islands of Japan

References

Other websites 

  Murdoch's map of provinces, 1903

Former provinces of Japan
Hokkaido Prefecture
Grenade (song)

"Grenade" is a song by the singer and songwriter Bruno Mars. It was released in September 2010. Critical reception was mostly positive. The song reached #1 in many countries. "Grenade" is a heartbreak single about masochism during love relationships.

2010 songs
Pop songs
Sleeping Beauty (1959 movie)

Sleeping Beauty (1959) is an American animated movie produced by Walt Disney Productions and released to movie theaters by Buena Vista Distribution. It is based on the 1697 fairy tale "The Sleeping Beauty in the Wood" by Charles Perrault.  The movie was directed by Les Clark, Eric Larson, and Wolfgang Reitherman, under the supervision of Clyde Geronimi. Additional story work was provided by Joe Rinaldi, Winston Hibler, Bill Peet, Ted Sears, Ralph Wright, and Milt Banta.

The movie's musical score and songs are arrangements or adaptations of material from the 1890 Sleeping Beauty ballet by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky. Buena Vista Distribution released the movie to theaters on November 11, 1959. It was the first animated movie to be photographed in the Technirama widescreen process. The movie was presented in Super Technirama 70 and 6-channel stereophonic sound in first-run engagements.

The movie generated mixed reviews from critics. They thought the movie was slow-paced and lacked character development. Sleeping Beauty earned approximately $7.7 million in box office rentals. Its production costs totaled $6 million, making it the most expensive Disney movie to that date. The high production costs of the movie resulted in the company posting its first annual loss in a decade for fiscal year 1960, and many animators were laid off.

References 

1959 movies
Disney animated movies
English-language movies
American family movies
American musical movies
Movies composed by George Bruns
Sleeping Beauty
Movies based on fairy tales
American drama movies
1950s American fantasy movies
American musical fantasy movies
1950s American romance movies
Movies about death
Movies based on books
Movies set in Europe
Cupid's Chokehold

"Cupid's Chokehold" is a song by the rap group Gym Class Heroes. It was released twice. The first time was in 2005. The second time was in 2007. The single became a hit song around 2007. It contains samples of the song "Breakfast in America" by the group Supertramp. Patrick Stump sings on it. The song reached #4 on US record charts. It reached #3 in the United Kingdom and Canada.

2005 songs
Emily Deschanel

Emily Erin Deschanel (born October 11, 1976) is an American actress, movie producer and television producer. She is best known for her role as the main character in the television series Bones.

Early life
Deschanel was born in Los Angeles, California. She is of French, Swiss, Dutch, Irish and English ancestry. She is the elder daughter of Caleb Deschanel and Mary Jo Deschanel (nee Weir). Her sister is actress Zooey Deschanel.

Personal life
Deschanel married David Hornsby in 2010. The couple's son was born in 2011.

References

Other websites

1976 births
Living people
Actors from Los Angeles
American movie actors
American television actors
American television producers
Gilles de Rais

Gilles de Rais (1405 ?–26 October 1440) was a Marshal of France, Joan of Arc's comrade in arms, and a murderer. He was the son of Guy de Laval/Rais and Marie de Craon. He became rich when a relative died. He was made a Marshal of France in 1429. He spent much of his money putting on a play that he wrote. He dabbled in alchemy. His criminal career began in 1434. In 1440, he was arrested, tried, and hanged. De Rais may have killed 140 people. Most of his victims were young boys. He may have been the inspiration for the 1697 fairy tale "Bluebeard" by Charles Perrault.

References

Bibliography
 Benedetti, Jean. 1971. Gilles de Rais. Stein and Day. .
 Opie, Iona and Peter. 1974. The Classic Fairy Tales. Oxford UP. .

1440 deaths
Murderers
French generals
Marshals of France
People excommunicated by the Catholic Church
Ligeia

"Ligeia" is a short story by Edgar Allan Poe. It was first published in The American Museum in 1838. It was revised and reprinted many times during Poe's lifetime.

The story tells of an unnamed narrator's beautiful wife Ligeia. She composes the poem "The Conqueror Worm" before dying. The narrator then marries the Lady Rowena. She shortly sickens and dies. The narrator stays with her body overnight. She comes back from the dead as Ligeia.

Criticism was positive. Charles Eames of The New World wrote, "The force and boldness of the conception and the high artistic skill, with which the writer's purpose is wrought out, are equally admirable." Thomas Dunn English wrote in October 1845 that "Ligeia" was "the most extraordinary, of its kind, of his productions".

In 1964, director Roger Corman adapted the story to a movie, The Tomb of Ligeia, starring Vincent Price.

References  

19th-century American short stories
Short stories by Edgar Allan Poe
The Facts in the Case of M. Valdemar

"The Facts in the Case of M. Valdemar" is a short story by Edgar Allan Poe. It was first published in 1845. The tale tells of a dying, mesmerized man whose body disintegrates once the trance is lifted. Poe was inspired to write the tale after reading a description of an operation performed upon a mesmerized patient. The tale has a great deal of gore, leading to the speculation that Poe had studied medical texts. "Valdemar" has been adapted to the movies and to radio drama.

Plot 
The narrator mesmerizes an ill friend, M. Valdemar. Valdemar reports first that he is dying and then that he is dead. The narrator leaves him in a mesmeric state for seven months. During this time Valdemar is without pulse, heartbeat, or breath. His skin is cold and pale. Finally, the narrator tries to wake him. Valdemar's swollen black tongue begs to be returned to sleep or to be fully wakened. He shouts "dead! dead!" repeatedly. The narrator takes Valdemar out of the trance and his body immediately disintegrates into a "nearly liquid mass of loathsome—of detestable putrescence."

Publication history
Poe was inspired to write Valdemar after reading a letter about an operation on a mesmerized patient. The tale was published in December 1845 in two different New York journals. One used the title "The Facts in M. Valdemar's Case". In England, the tale was published first as "Mesmerism in Articulo Mortis" and later as "The Last Days of M. Valdemar".

Style 
Poe employs detailed descriptions and high levels of gore in "Valdemar". He may have studied medical texts. Valdemar's eyes at one point leak a "profuse outflowing of a yellowish ichor", for example. The tale's imagery is summed up in the final lines: "...his whole frame at once — within the space of a single minute, or even less, shrunk—crumbled—absolutely rotted away beneath my hands. Upon the bed, before that whole company, there lay a nearly liquid mass of loathsome—of detestable putrescence." The disgusting imagery probably  inspired later fiction including that of H. P. Lovecraft. Those final lines make up one of the most powerfully effective moments in Poe's work, incorporating shock, disgust, and uneasiness into one moment. This ending shows that attempts to appropriate power over death will have hideous results and, therefore, ultimately will be unsuccessful.

Adaptations 
Movie adaptations include a segment in Roger Corman's Tales of Terror (1962) and George A. Romero's Two Evil Eyes (1990). "Edgar Allan Poe's Valdemar" (2000) was a dramatic adaptation for National Public Radio.

References

Other websites 

Full text from E. A. Poe Society
 "The Facts in the Case of M. Valdemar" with annotated vocabulary at PoeStories.com
 "The Facts in the Case of M. Valdemar" Free Audio & eText 

19th-century American short stories
Short stories by Edgar Allan Poe
Yayoi period

The  is a time in the history of Japan which is traditionally dated 300 BC to 300 AD.

History
Early evidence of Yayoi culture is found on the island of Kyūshū.  Over time, it spread to the island of Honshū.

Iron and bronze were first used in Japan at about the same time.  Iron was used for tools and weapons. Bronze was used for ritual objects such as mirrors, daggers and spears.

The Yayoi tools included as axes and hoes for agriculture etc., but also weapons such as arrowheads and swords.

Yayoi people 

The Yayoi people (弥生人 Yayoi jin) were ancient people that migrated to the Japanese archipelago from southeastern China during the Yayoi period (300 BCE–300 CE). Modern Japanese people are direct descedants of the Yayoi and have about 97% Yayoi DNA.

The Yayoi and the modern Japanese people are closely related to other East Asian (or Mongoloid) people, such as Chinese or Vietnamese people. They belonged to the haplogroup O and spoke the proto-Japonic languages. Most scientists and linguists suggest that they originated somewhere in southeastern China and migrated from their into Japan.

References

Other websites 

 Metropolitan Museum of Art, Yayoi Culture 
 Japan-guide.com,  Early Japan

Periods in Japanese history
4th-century BC establishments
3rd-century disestablishments
Pepin the Hunchback

Pepin the Hunchback (, , c. 767 - 811) was a prince of Frankish Empire. He was the first son of Charlemagne and grandson of Pepin the Short.

Related pages
 Charlemagne
 Frankish Empire
 Louis the Pious

760s births
811 deaths
Holy Roman Emperors
History of Germany
Kings and Queens of France
Party of Five

Party of Five is an American drama television series. It was broadcast on the FOX network from September 12, 1994 until May 3, 2000.  The series is set in San Francisco, California. It was well liked by the critics but the series had very low ratings.  The network wanted to stop broadcasting it after the 1994-1995 season but chose not to do this.  The main stars of the series included Jennifer Love Hewitt, Scott Wolf, Matthew Fox, Lacey Chabert, David Collins, Paula Devicq, Scott Grimes, Michael A. Goorjian, Jeremy London and Neve Campbell. The series was given a "Best Drama" Golden Globe Award in 1996.

Other websites 

1994 American television series debuts
2000 American television series endings
1990s American television series
2000s American television series
American drama television series
American teen television series
Fox television series
Golden Globe Award winning programs
Television series set in San Francisco
English-language television programs
Pepin I of Aquitaine

Pepin I of Aquitaine, (or Pepin V of Aquitaine, ca. 797 - 838) was the Carolingian dynasty king of Aquitaine from 814 to 838. He was the second son of emperor Louis the Pius.

Related pages
 King of Aquitaine
 Pepin II of Aquitaine
 Louis the pious
 Louis the Greman
 Lothar I
 Charles the Bald

Other websites 
Familypedia

Holy Roman Emperors
Kings and Queens of France
790s births
838 deaths
Louis the Pious

Louis the Pious, also called Louis I, (778 - 840) was the third Carolingian King of Franks and 2nd Holy Roman Emperor (814 - 840), King of Aquitaine 781 to 814. He was Charlemagne's sixth son.

Related pages 
 King of Aquitaine
 Charlemagne
 Pepin I of Aquitaine
 Louis the German
 Lothar I
 Charles the Bald

Other websites 
 http://familypedia.wikia.com/wiki/Louis_the_Pious_(778-840)
 http://mariefb.pagesperso-orange.fr/casseneuil/palais_charlemagne.htm

Holy Roman Emperors
Kings and Queens of France
778 births
840 deaths
Institut supérieur européen de gestion group

Institut supérieur européen de gestion group (ISEG group) is a group of two French higher education schools (ISG Programme Business & Management, ISEG Marketing and Communication school) created in 1980.. The group is in seven places, in Paris, Bordeaux, Nantes, Lille, Lyon, Strasbourg and Toulouse (France). ISEG group delivers Bachelor's degree and Master's degree.

ISEG group's main area is entrepreneurship.

Notable teachers and former teachers
 Fabrice Bardeche, Vice-President of IONIS Education Group

References

Schools in France
1980 establishments in France
Greek chorus

A chorus in a classical Greek play typically serving to formulate, express, and comment on the moral issue that is raised by the dramatic action or to express an emotion appropriate to each stage of the dramatic conflict.  

Aeschylus, who was the seventh servant of Dionysus, was told to be the one who directed these chorus' to perfection.

References 

Ancient Greece
Theatrical forms
Éric Boullier

Éric Boullier (born 9 November 1973) was the team principal of the McLaren Formula One team from 2014 to 2018, and vice-president of Formula One Team Association.

He graduated from Institut polytechnique des sciences avancées.

References 

1973 births
Living people
French sportspeople
Formula One people
Alumni of the Institut polytechnique des sciences avancées
Rickey with the Tuft

"Rickey with the Tuft" or "Riquet with the Tuft" () is a fairy tale by Charles Perrault. It was first published in Paris in 1697 by Claude Barbin in Histoires ou contes du temps passé, a collection of eight fairy tales by Perrault. The story is about an ugly but intelligent gnome prince who bestows wit on a beautiful but stupid princess in return for marriage. She renders Rickey handsome. The tale is not of folk otigins, but is a literary fairy tale. It has Cupid and Psyche and Beauty and the Beast elements. Similar tales include Catherine Bernard's version of the tale in her 1695 novel Inès du Cordoue, and Marie-Jeanne Lhéritier's "Ricdin-Ricdon". Another similar tale is Giambattista Basile's "Lo Cattenaccio" (The Padlock) from Pentamerone.

Story 
A fairy gives an ugly prince named Rickey the gift of conferring wit upon the one he loves the best. He comes to a kingdom with two princesses. The elder one is beautiful but unintelligent. The younger one is intelligent but ugly. The elder princess is saddened that her ugly but smart sister receives more attention than her. One day as the elder princess is walking in the forest to ease her sorrow, she is approached by Rickey who has fallen in love with her. Rickey asks how a person so beautiful can be so sad. She tells him she is sad because she is beautiful but stupid. Rickey bestows intelligence on her for a promise of marriage. A year later, Rickey returns to marry her. She refuses on grounds that he cannot hold her to a promise made before she gained her wisdom. The princess then tells him that she was gifted at birth with the power to transform her lover into a handsome man by the same fairy who helped him. The princess thinks of all Rickey's good qualities and at once he is transformed. The king has his daughter married to Rickey who has already made preparations for the wedding.

References 
 Barchilon, Jacques and Henry Pettit. 1974. The Authentic Mother Goose Fairy Tales and Nursery Rhymes. Denver:Alan Swallow. p. 15.
 Betts, Christopher. 2009. The Complete Fairy Tales. Oxford UP. pp. 185-7. 
 Zipes, Jack (Ed.) 2000. The Oxford Companion to Fairy Tales. Oxford UP. p. 423.

Other websites

Fairy tales
French literature
Works by Charles Perrault
Stadium MK

Stadium:MK is a football stadium in Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire. The Milton Keynes Dons F.C. football club has played there since it opened in July 2007. Queen Elizabeth II officially opened the stadium on 3rd December 2007. 

As of 2018, there were about 31,000 seats in the stadium. 

The stadium is beside the junction of the A5 road with the A421 road. 

Football stadiums in England
Buckinghamshire
2007 establishments in England
Voice of Russia

Voice of Russia () was the Russian government's international radio station. The station before it, Radio Moscow was the official radio station of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.  It closed in 2014.

Radio stations in Europe
2014 disestablishments
Messier 15

Messier 15 is a globular cluster in the constellation of Pegasus. This globular cluster was discovered by Jean-Dominique Maraldi in 1746. M15 is about 33,600 lightyears from Earth, and 175 lightyears in diameter. It has more than 100,000 stars, 112 variable stars and 8 pulsars. M15 also contains Pease 1, the first planetary nebula discovered in a globular cluster.

References

Star clusters
Volvo Ocean Race

The Volvo Ocean Race (known also as the Whitbread Round the World Race) is a yacht race around the world. It happens every three years. It is named after its current sponsor, Volvo. At this moment the Netherlands holds the record of most wins with the Dutch captain Conny van Rietschoten being the only skipper to win the race twice.

The race leaves Europe in October. The race started in Alicante, Spain, on October 11, 2008. The route for the 2008-2009 race was altered from previous years to include stopovers in India and Asia for the first time. The 2008-09 race covered nearly , took over nine months to finish, and reached an audience of 2 billion people worldwide.

During the nine months of the 2011–12 Volvo Ocean Race, which started in Alicante, Spain in October 2011 and finishes in Galway, Ireland, in July 2012, the teams are scheduled to sail over  of the world’s most treacherous seas, and include locations such as Cape Town, Abu Dhabi, Sanya, Auckland, around Cape Horn to Itajaí, Miami, Lisbon, and Lorient.

References

Water sports
Sport in Spain
Alicante
Vale of Rheidol Railway

The Vale of Rheidol Railway () is a  railway that runs for  between Aberystwyth and Devil's Bridge in the county of Ceredigion, Wales. The Vale of Rheidol Railway has never closed except during wars. The railway celebrated its 100 year anniversary in 2002.

References

Railway stations in the United Kingdom
1902 establishments in Europe
1900s establishments in the United Kingdom
20th-century establishments in Wales
Narrow gauge railways
Robots exclusion standard

The robots exclusion standard (also called the robots exclusion protocol or robots.txt protocol) is a way of telling Web crawlers and other Web robots which parts of a Web site they can see.

To give robots instructions about which pages of a Web site they can access, site owners put a text file called robots.txt in the main directory of their Web site, e.g. http://www.example.com/robots.txt. This text file tells robots which parts of the site they can and cannot access. However, robots can ignore robots.txt files, especially malicious (bad) robots. If the robots.txt file does not exist, Web robots assume that they can see all parts of the site.

Examples of robots.txt files 
Google
YouTube
Wikipedia

References 

Internet protocols
VHF omnidirectional range

VOR, short for VHF omnidirectional radio range, is a type of radio navigation system for aircraft, enabling them to find their position and stay on course by receiving radio signals emitted by a network of radio beacons. It uses frequencies in very high frequency (VHF) from 108 to 117.95 MHz. Developed in the USA in 1937, VOR is the standard air navigational system in the world, used by both commercial and general aviation. There are about 3000 VOR stations around the world.

A VOR station broadcasts a VHF radio signal including the identifier, voice, and navigation signal. The identifier is in Morse Code. The voice will have information from the station. The navigation signal allows the equipment to find a magnetic bearing from the station to the aircraft. VOR stations in areas of magnetic unreliability are oriented to True North. A line of position is called the "radial" from the VOR. The crossing of two radials from different VOR stations provides the position of the aircraft. VOR signals have a range of about 200 miles.

References

Aircraft
Navigation
Vertigo (movie)

Vertigo is a movie from 1958 American psychological thriller mystery movie directed by Alfred Hitchcock. It starred James Stewart and Kim Novak.
 
This movie is considered the best movie of the "master of suspense" Alfred Hitchcock. It was included on the following American Film Institute lists:
 AFI's 100 Years... 100 Movies (1998) #61
 AFI's 100 Years... 100 Thrills (2001) #18
 AFI's 100 Years... 100 Passions (2002) #18
 AFI's 100 Years of Film Scores (2005) #12
 AFI's 100 Years... 100 Movies (10th Anniversary Edition) (2007)  #9
 AFI's 10 Top 10  (2008) #1 Mystery

References

1958 movies
1950s mystery movies
1950s thriller movies
American mystery movies
American thriller movies
English-language movies
Movies about murderers
Movies composed by Bernard Herrmann
Movies directed by Alfred Hitchcock
Movies set in San Francisco
Suicide in movies
United States National Film Registry movies
The Conqueror Worm

"The Conqueror Worm" is a poem by Edgar Allan Poe. It is about human mortality and the fact that death cannot be stopped.  It was first published in Graham's Magazine in 1843. It was incorporated into Poe's short story "Ligeia" in 1845.  In the revised story, the poem is composed by Ligeia. She teaches it to the narrator during her death throes.

Story 
Weeping angels watch a play performed by "mimes, in the form of God on high", and controlled by vast formless shapes looming behind the scenes. The mimes chase a "Phantom" which they can never capture. Finally, a monstrous "crawling shape" emerges, and eats the mimes.  The final curtain comes down, "a funeral pall," signaling an end to the "tragedy, 'Man'" whose only hero is "The Conqueror Worm".

Interpretation
Though Poe was referring to an ancient connection between worms and death, he may have been inspired by "The Proud Ladye", a poem by Spencer Wallis Cone which was reviewed in an 1840 issue of Burton's Gentleman's Magazine. That poem contained the lines "Let him meet the conqueror worm / With his good sword by his side".

Role in "Ligeia"

The poem plays an important symbolic role as part "Ligeia." The poem is written by Ligeia as she is dying, though it is actually recited by the narrator, her husband.

Because it emphasizes the finality of death, it calls to question Ligeia's resurrection in the story.  Also, the inclusion of the bitter poem may have been meant to be ironic or a parody of the convention at the time, both in literature and in life.  In the mid-19th century it was common to emphasize the sacredness of death and the beauty of dying (consider Charles Dickens's Little Johnny character in Our Mutual Friend and the death of Helen Burns in Charlotte Brontë's Jane Eyre).  Instead, Ligeia speaks of fear personified in the "blood-red thing."

"The Conqueror Worm" also uses the word "evermore", which would later evolve into "nevermore" in Poe's famous poem "The Raven" in 1845.

Publication history
"The Conqueror Worm" was first published as a stand-alone poem in the January 1843 issue of Graham's Magazine. Shortly after, it was included among several other poems by Poe in the February 25 issue of the Saturday Museum in a feature called "The Poets & Poetry of Philadelphia: Edgar Allan Poe". It was later included in Poe's poetry collection The Raven and Other Poems in 1845. That same year, it was incorporated into "Ligeia" for the first time when the story was reprinted in the February 15, 1845, issue of the New York World. "Ligeia" was again republished with "The Conqueror Worm" in the September 27, 1845, issue of The Broadway Journal while Poe was its editor. This was not unusual for Poe, who had also incorporated poems "The Coliseum" and "To One in Paradise" into tales.

Adaptations
The British horror movie Witchfinder General was retitled The Conqueror Worm for US release. It was not based on Poe's poem.

References

Other websites 

Reading by Classic Poetry Aloud (MP3)
The Conqueror Worm: A Study Guide
 Project Gutenberg Etext containing The Conqueror Worm 

Poems by Edgar Allan Poe
19th-century American poems
Hafiz Barkhurdar

Hazrat Hafiz Barkhurdar (1658–1707), was a Punjabi Sufi Jatt poet from the village of Takhat Hazara in Sargodha District in modern-day Pakistan. His shrine where he was buried stands in the village of Chitti Sheikhan in Sialkot District.

Punjabi people
1658 births
1707 deaths
Mindless Behavior

Mindless Behavior is an American boy band. They are best known for the singles "My Girl" and "Mrs. Right", which were produced by Walter Millsap. The band was put together in Los Angeles in 2008, by Keisha Gamble, Walter Millsap (who has previously worked with Beyoncé and Timbaland) and Vincent Herbert (Lady Gaga, Toni Braxton). The band trained in dance and singing for two years before releasing anything. The members are all in their early teens.  They performed "My Girl" on The Today Show in November 2010. Their first album,  #1 Girl, was released on September 20, 2011. It appeared on the Billboard 200 album chart at number 7.

Mindless Behavior toured with the Backstreet Boys, Justin Bieber and Jason Derülo. They were the opening act for Janet Jackson's 2011 tour. 
This Must Be Pop says that it thinks Mindless Behavior will be future stars.

Members of the band 
EJ 
Princeton 
Mike

References

Other websites 

American boy bands
American R&B bands
hip hop bands
Musical groups from Los Angeles
Rufous treepie

The rufous treepie (Dendrocitta vagabunda) is a species of bird in the Corvidae (crow) family. The rufous treepie is native to the Indian Subcontinent and adjoining parts of Southeast Asia from Pakistan to Vietnam. Woodland, forest edges and gardens are the habitat of this species. It feeds on various fruits, insects and carrion.

Distribution and subspecies 

The rufous treepie builds its nest 6−8 meters above the ground in trees. Both male and female take turns breeding and feeding the young. There are usually 3-5 eggs laid. After the young have hatched, the remain with their parents for several months. Rufous treepies form pair bonds for life.

The species was first described in 1790 by John Latham. A previous description as "Dendrocitta rufa" is not valid. It belongs to the Treepie genus Dendrocitta which is Southeast Asian in distribution. According to ornithologist Derek Goodwin, the rufous treepie may be closely allied to the hooded treepie (D. frontalis). There are eight recognized subspecies.
There are no estimates for the population of this species. It is common throughout its range, but rare in Vietnam.

Description 
The Rufous Treepie is shorter and smaller than the European magpie. The head, neck and breast are grey, although sometimes they are slightly brown. The underparts and lower back are orange-brown. The tail is a light blue color with a black tip. The bill, legs and feet are black.

Sources

Literature 
 Salím Ali, S. Dillon Ripley: Handbook of the Birds of India and Pakistan. Volume 5: Larks to the Grey Hypocolius. Oxford University Press, London 1972.
 Joseph del Hoyo, Andrew Elliot, David Christie (Hrsg.):  Lynx Edicions, Barcelona 2009, .

References 

Corvids
Birds of India
Birds of Asia
RecordTV

RecordTV, formerly Rede Record, or simply Record, is a Brazilian television network, launched by Paulo Machado de Carvalho on 1953, and bought by bishop and entrepreneur Edir Macedo on 1989.

References

Other websites 
 Official page 
 

Brazilian television networks
Greater Los Angeles Area

The Greater Los Angeles Area, or the Southland, is a term used for the group of metropolitan areas over five counties in the southern part of California. It includes Los Angeles County, Orange County, San Bernardino County, Riverside County and Ventura County. It has been one of the fastest growing regions in the United States for decades. The growth started in Los Angeles County, then Orange County, and now in the Inland Empire. As of 2005, the population of the Los Angeles metropolitan area was more than 12.9 million people. In 2009 the larger five-county region had a population of over 17.6 million. It the second-largest statistical area in the country. Only the New York metropolitan area is larger. 

The Greater Los Angeles area is centered on the county of Los Angeles, California. The term is defined to refer to the area from Ventura to the southern border of Orange County, and from the Pacific Ocean to the Inland Empire. The Greater Los Angeles area includes the Los Angeles metropolitan area, the Inland Empire, and Ventura County. The term "Greater Los Angeles" does not include San Diego and Imperial counties. 

The United States Census Bureau has named the five county region as the Los Angeles-Long Beach-Riverside, CA combined statistical area. Their January 1, 2009 population estimate was 17,786,419 people. The Los Angeles metropolitan area has a total area of . The wider combined statistical area covers . More than half of this is the thinly populated eastern areas of Riverside and San Bernardino counties.

Main cities 
The following is a list of main  cities in the Greater Los Angeles Area with estimates of their population:

Los Angeles–Long Beach–Santa Ana MSA

Riverside–San Bernardino–Ontario MSA

Oxnard–Thousand Oaks–Ventura MSA 

 Oxnard (197,067)
 Thousand Oaks (128,564)
 Simi Valley  (125,814)
 Ventura (108,787)
 Camarillo (66,149)

References

Metropolitan areas of the United States
Walter Camp

Walter Chauncey Camp (April 17, 1859 – March 14, 1925) was an American football player, coach, and sports writer.  He is known as the "Father of American Football".

Early life 

Camp was born in New Haven, Connecticut on April 17, 1859. His parents were Leverett and Ellen Camp. He attended Hopkins Grammar School in New Haven. He went to Yale in 1876. He graduated in 1880.

Career 
Camp played college football at Yale from 1876 to 1882. He was head football coach at Yale from 1888 to 1892. He was in the first class to be inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 1951. 

Camp's football inventions include the eleven-man team and the gridiron marking of the field. He also invented the line of scrimmage and the modern point system. He invented the "All-American team" of college players. "All-American" has since become a part of American-English. In time, he began to think of American football as his private property. He did not want new additions to the game, like the forward pass.

Personal life 
He stayed at Yale for two more years to study medicine. He started working for a watch company in 1882. In 1888, he married Alice Graham Sumner. They had two children. In 1903, he became president of the watch company. Camp died of a heart attack on March 15, 1925 in New York City, New York, aged 65.

Notes

References

Other websites 

 

1859 births
1925 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
American football coaches
College Football Hall of Fame
American football players
Sportspeople from Connecticut
Jessie J

Jessica Ellen Cornish (born 27 March 1988), better known by her stage name Jessie J, is an English singer and songwriter. She was born and raised in London where she studied at the BRIT School before signing with Gut Records.

Jessie J became better known after the release of her debut single "Do It Like a Dude" which peaked at number two in the UK. She achieved her first number one in the UK, France, Ireland and New Zealand with the song "Price Tag". After those two singles, she released her debut album Who You Are in 2011. The album charted at number two in the UK. Other singles from the album included "Nobody's Perfect", "Who's Laughing Now" and "Who You Are" which charted within the top 20 in the UK but the release of fifth single "Domino" became international chart success, peaking at number 6 on the Billboard Hot 100 and becoming her second UK number one. She is the first British female artist to have six top ten singles on one album.

Jessie J has written songs for other singers such as Chris Brown and Miley Cyrus.

Jessie J is recognized for an unconventional musical and performing style. It mixes her soul voice with contemporary R&B, pop music and hip-hop influences. She has several awards and nominations. These include the 2011 Critics' Choice BRIT Award and the BBC's Sound of 2011. As of April 2012, Jessie has sold over 11 million singles and 2.5 million albums worldwide.

On 4 October 2011, Jessie said that she will be one of four coaches for new BBC program, The Voice UK. The other coaches are will.i.am (of The Black Eyed Peas), Tom Jones and Danny O'Donoghue (of The Script).

Personal life
Asked about her bisexuality in an interview on the "In Demand" radio show on 3 March 2011, Jessie J stated, "I've never denied it. Whoopie doo guys, yes, I've dated girls and I've dated boys – get over it." According to The Guardian, Jessie J's sexuality is valuable to young teens, especially for young girls unsure of themselves because of their sexuality and identity, to feel "that this does happen and this is normal." In April 2014, Jessie J renounced her bisexuality in an interview with Daily Mirror's "3am" celebrity tabloid; "For me, it was a phase. But I'm not saying bisexuality is a phase for everybody", she said.

On 12 June 2011, at the Capital Radio Summertime Ball, Jessie ruptured several tendons in her foot during rehearsals. She performed for several weeks while sitting on a gilded throne.

Discography 
 Who You Are (2011)
 Alive (2013)
 Sweet Talker (2014)
 R.O.S.E. (2018)

References

Other websites
 Jessie J – official website

1988 births
Living people
English pop singers
British R&B musicians
English singer-songwriters
People from the London Borough of Redbridge
Singers from London
Pentamerone

The Pentamerone or Lo cunto de li cunti overo lo trattenemiento de peccerille (The Tale of Tales, or Entertainment for Little Ones) is a seventeenth-century collection of fairy tales by Giambattista Basile. The collection consists of a frame story and 49 fairy tales. Ten old women tell the tales over five days. The collection contains many famous fairy tale types such as "Cinderella" and "Puss in Boots".

References 
 Zipes, Jack (Ed.) 2000. The Oxford Companion to Fairy Tales. Oxford UP. pp. 377-8.

Other websites 
 "La vita di Giambattista Basile"  (in Italian)
 The complete text of Lo cunto de li cunti (in Neapolitan)
 
 SurLaLune Fairy Tale Pages: Il Pentamerone by Giambattista Basile
 Illustrations  by George Cruikshank
 Professor S. Cicciotti's page about G. B. Basile (in Italian)
 Online text of some stories, in English (from Taylor translation) 

Fairy tales
Collections of fairy tales
Drive-Thru (movie)

Drive-Thru is a 2007 horror movie, directed by Brendan Cowles and Shane Kuhn, starring Leighton Meester and Nick D'Agosto. It is set in Orange County, California and involves a serial killing clown mascot Horny the Clown. The movie was released on May 29, 2007.

2007 movies
American horror movies
English-language movies
Lionsgate movies
The Muppets (movie)

The Muppets is a 2011 American musical comedy movie. It starred Jason Segel and Amy Adams. The movie was directed by James Bobin. It was made by Walt Disney Pictures. It involves The Muppets reuniting to put on a show in order to save their theater from a businessman who wants to tear it down to drill for oil.

2011 movies
American comedy movies
American musical movies
Muppets
Disney movies
English-language movies
Movies that won the Best Original Song Academy Award
Bret McKenzie

Bret Peter Tarrant McKenzie (born 26 June 1976) is a New Zealand comedian, actor, musician and producer. He is best known as one half of the Grammy Award-winning comedy duo Flight of the Conchords with Jemaine Clement. For The Muppets (2011), he won an Academy Award for Best Original Song. He also played Lindir in Peter Jackson's The Lord of the Rings and The Hobbit movie trilogy.

McKenzie was born in Wellington. He has two children with his wife, publicist Hannah Clarke.

References

Other websites

1976 births
Living people
Best Original Song Academy Award-winning songwriters
Entertainers from North Island
Grammy Award winners
Movie producers
New Zealand comedians
New Zealand movie actors
New Zealand singers
New Zealand television actors
People from Wellington
Peter Serafinowicz

Peter Szymon Serafinowicz ( /sɛrəˈfɪnəwɪtʃ/; born 10 July 1972) is an English actor, comedian, writer, composer, voice artist, television producer and writer. He was born in Liverpool. He is married to Sarah Alexander; the couple have a son and daughter together.

Other websites 

1972 births
Living people
Actors from Liverpool
English movie actors
English television actors
English television producers
English television writers
English voice actors
Writers from Liverpool
Pease 1

Pease 1 is a planetary nebula. It is in the globular cluster Messier 15 in the constellation of Pegasus. It is the first planetary nebula discovered within a globular cluster. Three more have been discovered in other clusters.

References

Nebulae
Roller skating

Roller skating is a physical activity on roller skates. Roller skating is also a sport when the skaters form a team and compete in events such as roller hockey or roller derby. Roller skating is also performed with certain styles of music and dance steps such as Jam Skating.

The wheels on roller skates are laid out similar to a skateboard, containing a set of trucks and cushions to allow for turning.

Skating
Nutcracker Suite

The Nutcracker Suite, Op. 71a is a selection of 8 musical numbers Tchaikovsky made from The Nutcracker ballet for a concert performance before the St. Petersburg branch of the Musical Society on March 19, 1892.  Every number was acclaimed and repeated, and the suite became an instant hit. The complete ballet was first performed on December 17, 1892.  It was not a success. It did not gain any popularity until George Balanchine staged a production in New York City. The suite however was very popular in concert. It was featured in Disney's Fantasia. The Nutcracker Suite should not be mistaken for the complete ballet. 

The numbers chosen by Tchaikovsky for The Nutcracker Suite and their sequence within the suite are as follows:
I. Miniature Overture
II. Danses caractéristiques
a. Marche
b. Dance of the Sugar-Plum Fairy [ending altered from ballet-version]
c. Russian Dance (Trepak)
d. Arabian Dance
e. Chinese Dance
f. Reed-Flutes
III. Waltz of the Flowers

References 

Compositions by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky
Suites
Oops!... I Did It Again

Oops!... I Did It Again! is the second album released by American pop music singer Britney Spears on Jive Records. 
Four singles were released from the album, the title track, "Lucky", "Stronger", and "Don't Let Me Be The Last To Know". 
It also features the first song Britney had a hand in writing, titled "Dear Diary".

2000 albums
Britney Spears albums
Jive Records

Jive Records was an American recording imprint known for rap and pop music artists and albums. 
It was folded into RCA Records in 2011.

References 

American record labels
The Million Pound Drop Live

The Million Pound Drop Live is a British quiz show. It began on 24 May 2010 and is shown on Channel 4. It is presented by Davina McCall.

International versions

Other websites 
Official website

2010 establishments in the United Kingdom
2010 British television series debuts
2010s British television series
British television game shows
Channel 4 television programmes
Television quiz shows
English-language television programs
Touch My Body

"Touch My Body" is a song co-written by American singer Mariah Carey,  Christopher "Tricky" Stewart, Crystal "Cri$tyle" Johnson and Terius "The-Dream" Nash for Carey's 11th studio album, E=MC². It is the first single off E=MC². The single was produced by Carey and Stewart.

Background

Mariah talking about why she chose "Touch My Body" as the first single of the album:

-Mariah Carey

Release and reception
The song was chosen as the lead single of the album during a vote with producer L.A. Reid and staff in Island Records.  Carey stated that the group "decided to just go with the mid-tempo and everybody kinda liked the song 'cause it's just fun and cute and sexy and sweet".

The song was transmitted digitally to radio stations on February 12 at 6:30pm ET for immediate airplay via All Access. The single went for adds on radio station playlists on February 19."Touch My Body" premiered on Chicago's hit rhythmic radio station, B96, ahead of schedule at 4:00pm.

Reviews
Reviews of the song by critics were mostly good.  Blender said that it was a "pop genius making genius pop".  Bill Lamb from About.com gave "Touch My Body" 4 out of 5 stars.  Newsday named it as the "Song of the Week", saying that it was her best first single on an album since "Heartbreaker".

Rolling Stone gave it 3.5 stars in its March 6, 2008 issue.

Music video 
Brett Ratner is the director of the video. Ratner also directed Carey's videos for "I Still Believe", "Heartbreaker", "Thank God I Found You", "It's like That", and "We Belong Together".  In an interview with AllHipHop.com, Ratner said, "Mariah is musically at the top of her game and has never looked better... This will be our 6th music video we have collaborated on and definitely the best one yet visually, as well as musically. The video for "Touch My Body" is the perfect combination of fantasy and comedy with Mariah looking more beautiful than she has ever looked, ever.".  The video also stars Jack McBrayer from 30 Rock, a show that Carey is a fan of.

Carey appeared on MTV's TRL and BET's 106 & Park on Wednesday, February 27, 2008, to premiere the video for "Touch My Body"; BET also played the video all day, every hour on the hour, until 106 & Park.  VH1 posted a 45-second sneak peek on their blog on February 26, and subsequently posted the video in its entirety at midnight on February 27, 2008; the video was also posted on the Island Records website.

On March 5 the "Touch My Body" music video debuted at #1 on MTV's TRL countdown.

Chart performance
Following the song's February 12 digital transmission, after only a day's worth of airplay, "Touch My Body" entered the Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs Chart at #78 the chart week of February 23, 2008.  It is currently at #15 in its fourth chart week.  It also debuted on airplay alone at #57 on the Billboard Hot 100 as the "Hot Shot" debut of the week, and is currently #24.  It also debuted on the Canadian Hot 100 at #97 and has since risen to #59.

Charts

References

2008 songs
Mariah Carey songs