cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Stingy Jack

Stingy Jack is a character in Irish folklore. He was a poor, dirty man who was often drunk. He outsmarted the devil at least three times.

He invited the devil to have a drink with him. Jack did not want to pay for the drink. He persuaded the devil to change himself into a coin. The devil did so, and Jack put the coin in his pocket. There was a silver cross in his pocket that made it impossible for the devil to return to his original shape. Jack eventually allowed the devil to resume his shape, but only after he promised not to bother Jack for a whole year and to not try to claim his soul when he died.

On another occasion, Jack persuaded the devil to climb an apple tree to gather apples. Jack quickly carved crosses into the trunk of the tree, making it impossible for the devil to come down. Jack allowed the devil to come down, but only after he promised not to bother Jack for ten years and not to claim his soul when he died.

On the third occasion, Jack died before the ten-year time limit. God did not want Jack in Heaven, so he was sent to Hell. The devil could not claim his soul, so Jack was sent back into the world. The devil gave him a glowing coal to light his way in the darkness. Jack put the coal into a hollowed-out turnip. He is said to still walk the earth with his lantern, and can be seen around All Saints Day November 1.

Jack became known as "Jack of the lantern". This name was shortened to "Jack-o'-lantern". In the United States, his lantern became a pumpkin rather than a turnip. Pumpkins were common in the U.S. and easier to carve. The story of Jack is little known, perhaps because he was an unsuitable role model for entertaining children.

References
 

Folklore
Irish culture
Fictional characters
Foreign relations of Bangladesh

The foreign relations of Bangladesh are the Bangladeshi government's policies in its relations with other countries. Since independence in 1971, Bangladesh has officially followed a principle of being friendly with all nations and not being enemies with any. As a member of the Non-Aligned Movement, Bangladesh has tended to not take sides with major powers. Since the end of the Cold War, the country has pursued better relations with its neighbours. It has strong relations with other Muslim countries. It does not recognise Israel.

By country

South Korea

Myanmar

Myanmar is Bangladesh's eastern neighbour. Bilateral ties with Myanmar are generally good, but some tensions exist between the two countries. This is due to border disputes and the presence of over 270,000 Rohingya Muslim refugees in Bangladesh from mainly-Buddhist Myanmar. As a result of bilateral discussions, and with the cooperation and assistance of the UNHCR, most of the Rohingya refugees have now returned to Burma. As of 2000, about 22,000 refugees remain in camps in southern Bangladesh.

At the 2008 ASEAN Regional forum summit in Singapore, Bangladesh and Myanmar have pledged to solve their Maritime boundary disputes as quickly as possible especially that a UN deadline in claiming maritime territories will expire in three years time. Both countries discussed the possibility of linking the two countries together in an attempt to boost their trade and commerce relations. The estimate to complete the 25 km highway is three years and at the cost of $20 million. Another aspect of this plan is to connect the highway to the Asian Superhighway which would connect the two countries to China.

Russia

England

The relations between the two are historical, because the English started their conquest of British India from present-day Bengal region of Bangladesh. Today Bangladesh is in the Commonwealth since 1972 and the there is a sizeable Bengali-speakers within the community of Great Britain

Related pages 
 Indo-Bangladeshi barrier
 Foreign relations of Pakistan

References

Other websites 
 Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Edin Osmanović

Edin Osmanović (born 20 May 1964) is a Slovenian UEFA Pro football coach. Since 2013, he has been the head coach of the Slovenian First Football League club Aluminij from Kidričevo. He previously coached that club from 2004 to 2006. He started his coaching career in Rudar Trbovlje. He later coached many clubs in the First League, including Publikum Celje, HIT Gorica, Rudar Velenje, Korotan Prevalje, Dravograd, Aluminij and Mura 05.

With Gorica, Osmanović finished second in the 1999–2000 season of the First League, entered the semi-finals of the 1999–2000 Slovenian Football Cup and played four matches on the UEFA Cup. That made it one of the club's most successful seasons. With Korotan, he won the Slovenian Indoor Soccer All-Stars Competition. With Dravograd, he became the runner-up of the 2003–04 Slovenian Football Cup. He also worked with other coaches like Stanko Poklepović; he was his assistant coach at Celje before taking over the position of head coach.

List of clubs

References

1964 births
Living people
Slovenian footballers
Slovenian football managers
Folding-Fin Aerial Rocket

The Mk4 Folding-Fin Aerial Rocket (FFAR) is a  rocket. It is also called Mighty mouse. United States military aircraft use this rocket. Military aircraft can not guide it after launch. It was made originally as an air-to-air rocket for shooting down enemy bombers from a further distance rather than machine guns and cannons. It is more effective on target rather than machine guns and cannons.

References

Weapons
Purple bacteria

Purple bacteria are bacteria that are phototrophic, meaning that they are able to make energy from light. They change the energy from the Sun into chemical energy that they can use to function. They do this through photosynthesis. Purple bacteria belong to the group called proteobacteria. They are called purple bacteria because they are often purple in colour. They can also be red, brown and orange.

References 

Gram-negative bacteria
Jet fuel

Jet fuel is fuel used in certain types of aircraft. It is separated from crude oil in a fractionating tower.

Aviation
Fossil fuels
Stedman Graham

Stedman Graham (born March 6, 1951) is an American businessperson, author, speaker and an educator. He is an African American who was born in Whitesboro, New Jersey. He is best known as Oprah Winfrey's partner.

African-American people
Educators from New Jersey
Businesspeople from New Jersey
Living people
1951 births
Juliet (Shakespeare)

Juliet Capulet is a character in Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet. She is barely a young adult when she meets and falls in love with a family enemy, Romeo Montague. The two marry secretly. When Juliet's parents arrange a marriage with Count Paris for her, she takes a potion that will make her appear to be dead. Her body is taken to a crypt. She later comes back to life. When she discovers Romeo has killed himself, she kills herself. 

There have been countless adaptations. Norma Shearer and Olivia Hussey have played Juliet in the movies. The play was adapted to opera and ballet. Rudolph Nureyev and Margot Fonteyn have danced the "star-crossed lovers" in the ballet adaptation.

Characters in Shakespeare's plays
Mercutio

Mercutio is a character in Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet. He is a young man and friend to Romeo. When Romeo declines to participate in a duel with a family enemy, Mercutio takes Romeo's place and is killed as Romeo tries to end the duel. Mercutio is a talkative young man. His most famous speech is the Queen Mab speech.

Characters in Shakespeare's plays
Southwell, Nottinghamshire

Southwell is a town in Nottinghamshire, England. It has a large church called Southwell Minster.

Other websites
Southwell

Towns in Nottinghamshire
Nepal Bhasa Wikipedia

The Nepal Bhasa Wikipedia is the Nepal Bhasa-language edition of Wikipedia. As of October 2013, it has over 70,000 articles.

References

Other websites
Nepal Bhasa Wikipedia main page

Wikipedias
Egyptian Arabic Wikipedia

The Egyptian Arabic Wikipedia is the Egyptian Arabic-language edition of Wikipedia. This edition was started in November 2008. As of October 2013, it has over 10,000 articles. It was the first Wikipedia written in a dialect of Arabic.

References

Other websites
Egyptian Arabic Wikipedia main page

Wikipedias
2008 establishments
Oriya Wikipedia

The Odia Wikipedia is the Odia-language edition of Wikipedia. This edition was started in June 2002. As of April 2015, it has over 8,728 articles.

References

Other websites
Odia Wikipedia main page

Wikipedias
Websites established in 2002
Gewisse

The Gewisse Latin: Gewissæ) were a political group or band of Anglo-Saxons. They originally settled in the upper Thames river valley area. The Gewisse were the most powerful group in what would become the kingdom of Wessex.

Name 

The name 'Gewisse' comes from an Old English word for "reliable" or "sure", In the genealogy of King Alfred of Wessex, is a supposed ancestor of Cerdic named Gewis. (also spelled Gwis). The true origin of the name cannot be determined accurately. the name was old in Bede's time. Bede stated the original name for the West Saxons was the Gewisse. The change in name from the Gewisse to the West Saxons seems to have taken place in the latter part of the 7th century. The Gewisse, like the 'Cantwara' (Kent-men) and the 'Meonwara' of Hampshire were political units, not tribes.

History 

In 577 the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle claims the kings of the Gewisse captured Cirencester, Bath and Gloucester. The date is questionable but the Gewisse did hold those territories. The Gewisse found themselves limited in their ability to expand into new territories by the growing power of Mercia. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle for 628 says that Cyngils and Cwichelm his son 'fought with Penda at Cirencester and came to an agreement with him there'. The 'agreement' meant giving Cirencester to Penda. It was a permanent loss of Cirencester. By the second half of the 7th century Gewisse was expanding towards the Southwest and Devon. At about the same time they lost territory in the Thames valley to Mercia. The change in name to Wessex may have reflected more a change in their territory.

Bishop Birinus began converting the Gewisse to Christianity in 634, In 635 he baptized their king Cynegils who established Birinus at Dorchester. But the Dorchester bishopric was never considered West Saxon by Bede. He considered it to be Gewisse. In 660 Cenwalh created a new diocese at Winchester and made Wine the first bishop. Bede referred to the Winchester diocese as West Saxon. At the time he was writing in the early 8th century, Bede treated the two names as interchangeable. But when writing of the reign of Cynegils he referred to them as "anciently known as the Gewissae."

Notes

References

Anglo-Saxons
+
How Wikipedia Works

How Wikipedia Works: And How You Can Be a Part of It is a 2008 book by Phoebe Ayers, Charles Matthews, and Ben Yates. It is a how to book for using and contributing to the Wikipedia internet encyclopedia. It is made for "students, professors, and everyday experts and fans". It has sections for teachers, reusers, and researchers. It was published by No Starch Press as part of their series of how-to books about technology. It was published under the GNU Free Documentation License.

References

Other websites

 Official website
 Reviews of the book  at No Starch Press
 How Wikipedia Works (pdf) at the Internet Archive

2008 books
Works about Wikipedia
Tituba

Tituba was a slave in Salem Village during the Salem Witch Trials of 1692. She was the first to be accused of witchcraft and the first to confess. This confession was obtained after she was beaten by her master. She accused others, setting off the witchcraft hysteria that swept the village. She was never tried or executed as a witch. She was sent to jail, but later released. What happened to her after her release is not known.

Tituba was a West Caribbean Indian from the land of Barbados, where she practiced incantations and songs of conjuring. She was asked by Ann Putnam to conjure up the spirits of her dead children that she had lost to miscarriage (she believed her babies to be murdered).

Tituba is a character from Arthur Miller's play, The Crucible.

People from Massachusetts
17th-century births
Year of death unknown
Slaves
Salem Witch Trials
Caddo Parish, Louisiana

Caddo is one of the sixty-four parishes in the U.S. state of Louisiana. The parish seat is Shreveport. As of the 2010 count, 254,969 people lived there. It is the largest parish in the North Louisiana region and the fourth-largest in the state.

 
1838 establishments in the United States
1830s establishments in Louisiana
Edward Moss

Edward Moss (born July 11, 1977) is an American impersonator, actor, comedian. He is best known for impersonating Michael Jackson.

Other websites
 

1977 births
American movie actors
American television actors
Living people
Actors from Los Angeles
Comedians from Los Angeles
Friar Laurence

Friar Laurence is a character in Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet. He is an old man who secretly marries the two. Juliet's fake death is his idea. He is unable to prevent Romeo from killing himself.

Characters in Shakespeare's plays
Titania (Shakespeare)

Titania is a character in Shakespeare's A Midsummer Night's Dream. She is Queen of the Fairies. She is married to Oberon, King of the Fairies. She will not give a little Indian boy she has in her keeping to Oberon. This angers him. When she is asleep, he tells his servant Puck to put a love potion in her eyes. This potion will make her love the first thing she sees when she wakes. What she sees is a weaver named Bottom.  Puck has put a donkey's head on Bottom. All ends well, with Titania once again in love with Oberon this ends straight away as they both find out they are lying to each other.

Characters in Shakespeare's plays
Folklore
James H. Billington

James Hadley Billington (June 1, 1929 – November 20, 2018) was an American academic. He was the 13th Librarian of the Library of Congress. He was appointed by President Ronald Reagan. Billington served as librarian from September 14, 1987 until his resignation on September 30, 2015.

Early life
Billington born in Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania on June 1, 1929. He was raised in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Billington studied at Princeton University and at Balliol College, Oxford.

Career

Early career

Billington first began as a professor in Harvard University. From 1973 to 1987, Billington was director of the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, the nation’s official memorial in Washington, D.C. to America’s 28th president. As director, he founded the Kennan Institute for Advanced Russian Studies at the Center and seven other new programs as well as the Wilson Quarterly.

Librarian of Congress (1987-2015)
Billington was sworn in as the Librarian of Congress on September 14, 1987. He is the 13th person to hold the position since the Library of Congress was established in 1800. His appointment was unanimously confirmed by the Senate.

Billington has championed the Library’s American Memory National Digital Library (NDL) Program, which makes freely available on-line over 24 million American historical items from the collections of the Library and other research institutions. These unique American Memory materials and the Library’s other Internet services, which include the congressional database, THOMAS, the on-line card catalog, exhibitions, information from the U.S. Copyright Office and a web site for children and families called America’s Library, handled more than 2.6 billion transactions last year.

Billington resigned in early September 2015 because of his age. His resignation became effective on September 30, 2015.

Personal life
Billington was married to the former Marjorie Anne Brennan. They had four children: Dr. Susan Billington Harper, Anne Billington Fischer, the Rev. James Hadley Billington Jr., and Thomas Keator Billington, as well as 12 grandchildren.  Dr. Billington and his daughter Susan are the first father and daughter to both be awarded Rhodes Scholarships and use them to earn DPhils (at Oxford University).

Billington died at a hospital in Washington, D.C. on November 20, 2018 from pneumonia at the age of 89.

References

Other websites

Booknotes interview with Billington on Russia Transformed, September 13, 1992. 
C-SPAN Q&A interview with Billington, July 1, 2007

1929 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from pneumonia
Disease-related deaths in Washington, D.C.
Educators from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
People from Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania
Politicians from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Writers from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
George Soros

George Soros ( or ; ; born August 12, 1930, as Schwartz György) is a Hungarian-American business magnate, investor, and philanthropist. He is the chairman of Soros Fund Management. He is known as "The Man Who Broke the Bank of England" because of his US$1 billion in investment profits during the 1992 Black Wednesday UK currency crisis.

Early life

Soros was born on August 12, 1930 in Budapest, Hungary, where he was raised. He emigrated to London by himself at 17, and later to New York. He survived the Nazi occupation of Budapest, before moving to London and studying at the London School of Economics.

Career
Soros is a well-known supporter of progressive-liberal political causes. Between 1979 and 2011, Soros gave away over $8 billion to causes related to human rights, public health, and education. He played a significant role in the peaceful transition from communism to capitalism in Hungary (1984–89) and founded Europe's Central European University in Budapest, providing the initial endowment to open the first campus. Soros is also the chairman of the Open Society Foundations.

Personal life
Soros was married to Annaliese Witschak from 1960 until they divorced in 1983. They had three children. Then, Soros was married to Susan Weber Soros from 1983 until they divorced in 2005. They had two children. Soros is now married to Tamiko Bolton since 2013. Soros is a supporter of the Democratic Party.
Soros is a donates annual high sums for FC Bayern Munich.

References

Other websites

 
 Open Society Foundations
 Institute for New Economic Thinking
 Column archives at Project Syndicate
 Column archives at The New York Review of Books
 Forbes.com: George Soros
 The Money Man – New Yorker

1930 births
Living people
American billionaires
American Jews
American philanthropists
American progressives
Businesspeople from London
Businesspeople from New York City
Democrats (United States)
Holocaust survivors
Hungarian businesspeople
Hungarian Jews
Jewish billionaires
Jewish businesspeople
Jewish philanthropists
Naturalized citizens of the United States
People from Budapest
Chaim Topol

Chaim Topol (; born September 9, 1935), sometimes known as Topol, is an Israeli theatrical and movie performer, actor, writer and producer. Topol was born in Tel Aviv, British Mandate of Palestine (now Israel).  Topol is known for his role as Tevye the milkman in the 1971 movie Fiddler on the Roof. He has been nominated for an Oscar and a Tony Award. He has won two Golden Globes Awards.

Some of Topol's other notable movie appearances were the title role in  Galileo (1975), Dr. Hans Zarkov in  Flash Gordon (1980), and as Milos Columbo in the James Bond movie For Your Eyes Only (1981).

Topol is married to Galia Topol. He retired from acting in 1998 and now only appears on stage.

References

Other websites

 
 
 
 

1935 births
Living people
Actors who played in James Bond movies
Golden Globe Award winning actors
Israeli Jews
Israeli movie actors
Israeli stage actors
Israeli television actors
Israeli voice actors
Jewish actors
People from Tel Aviv
Baritones
Israeli movie producers
Israeli singers
Israeli writers
Jewish comedians
Musical theater actors
Headquarters of the United Nations

The headquarters of the United Nations is a group of buildings in New York City. The complex has served as the official headquarters of the United Nations since its completion in 1952. It is located in the Turtle Bay neighborhood of the borough of Manhattan, on spacious grounds overlooking the East River. 

Its borders are First Avenue on the west, East 42nd Street to the south, East 48th Street on the north and the East River to the east. Turtle Bay is occasionally used as a metonym for the U.N. headquarters or for the U.N. as a whole. The building was designed by many architects across the world including Brazillian Oscar Niemeyer.

References

Other websites

UN Visitors Centre 
 UN: Building an International Headquarters in New York – historical overview, on the UN 60th Anniversary webpage
 Agreement Establishing the UN headquarters  – with information on legal status

United Nations
Buildings and structures in Manhattan
Sings the Ballads of the True West

Sings the Ballads of the True West is a concept album by country singer Johnny Cash. It was his 22nd album. It was released on Columbia Records in 1965. It contains 20 individual songs, including ballads and other songs on topics related to the history of the American Old West.

The only single from the album was "Mr. Garfield". This song is about the shock of the American people after the assassination of President James Garfield.

Other songs on the album include "The Ballad of Boot Hill", written by Carl Perkins; and "Streets of Laredo", a traditional folk song. One of the songs, "25 Minutes to Go" was later be performed at Folsom Prison and appeared on Cash's famous At Folsom Prison recording in 1968.

Songs

Bonus songs
Sings the Ballads of the True West was re-released in 2002 with two extra tracks. The second of these is an instrumental version of the song "Stampede" as recorded on the original version.

 "Rodeo Hand" (Peter La Farge) – 2:27
 "Stampede" (Peter La Farge) – 1:07

Charts
Singles - Billboard (North America)

Other websites
 Luma Electronic album information for Sings the Ballads of the True West 

Johnny Cash
1965 albums
Coming Soon (1999 movie)

Coming Soon is a 1999 romance-comedy movie. It is about three rich high school seniors. Yasmine Bleeth plays Mimi, Mia Farrow is Jody, Ashton Kutcher is Louie and Ellen Pompeo is the Upset Girl.

This movie was released on April 17, 1999 in the United States. Coming Soon was controversial because officials of the MPAA marked it with an NC-17. The movie, however, was trimmed and re-rated R.

1999 romance movies
1999 comedy movies
1990s romantic comedy movies
American romantic comedy movies
Carlos Mencia

Ned Arnel Mencía (born October 22, 1967) is an American stand-up comedian, actor, singer, and voice artist.

Mencia lives with his wife Amy, whom he married in 2003, in Los Angeles, California. They have two children: Lucas Pablo Mencia (born December 14, 2006) and Nicholas Mencia.

Other websites
 

1967 births
Living people
Comedians from Los Angeles
American movie actors
American television actors
Actors from Los Angeles
Honduran people
The Man Comes Around (song)

"The Man Comes Around" is a song from Johnny Cash's American IV: The Man Comes Around album, released in 2002. It was actually written a few years earlier; however, Cash updated it for the album. It is one of the last songs Cash wrote before his death. Both sung and spoken, the song makes numerous Biblical references, especially to the Book of Revelation.

References

Other websites
 .

2002 songs
Johnny Cash songs
Songs written by Johnny Cash
Ceolwulf of Wessex

Ceolwulf († ) was the King of the Gewisse, also called the King of Wessex. He ruled from  to 611.

King in Wessex 

Ceolwulf was the grandson of Cynric. He succeeded his brother Ceol. The first mention of him as king in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle was in 597. He "continuously fought with success against the Angelcyn and Britons; Picts and Scots." During this time the West Saxons controlled Berkshire and Wiltshire. They also occupied parts of Somerset and Hampshire. Historians question whether he could have attacked the Picts and Scots. The Gewisse (West Saxons) were not known to range that far north into Scotland. The Picts may have reached as far south as Chester. But there is no record of Ceolwulf fighting in Chester. The chronicle records he fought the South Saxons in 607. The Jutes in the South of England would have acknowledged him as their overlord. He would have been fighting against Pybba of Mercia. Ceolwulf died in 611. He was succeeded by Cynegils

Family 
Ceolwulf had a son:
 Cynegils, an atheling who probably did not reign.

Notes

References

Other websites 
 Britannia: Kings of Wessex 

Year of birth unknown
610s deaths
Kings of Wessex
Bridget Sloan

Bridget Elizabeth Sloan (born June 23, 1992) is an American gymnast. She is the 2009 All-Around World Champion and the 2009 All-Around U.S. National Champion. Bridget was a member of the silver medal U.S. women's gymnastics team at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing. As of 2013, Sloan is a member of the NCAA University of Florida team, and the NCAA All-Around and Beam Champion.

References 

1992 births
Living people
American gymnasts
Titration

Titration is a type of quantitative chemical analysis. It is used to work out the unknown concentration of a known substance. 

It makes the use of two main chemical apparatus namely, pipette and burette. External indicators like phenolphthalein or methyl orange and internal indicators like KMnO4 (potassium permanganate) are used to mark the end point of titration.
 
A known concentration and volume of a reagent, called the titrant or titrator, is added to a known volume of another reagent, the analyte or titrand. This is done slowly from a burette until the end point is reached. The volume added before the end point is reached is noted. Because one of the solutions, the titrant, has a known concentration, that of the other, the titrand, can be calculated.

Professionals now use a pH meter, which is potentiometer with an electrode whose potential depends on the amount of H+ ions in the solution. The pH of the solution is measured throughout the titration, more accurately than with an indicator. At the endpoint there is a sudden change in the measured pH.

Since volume measurements play a key role in titration, it is known as volumetric analysis as well as quantitative analysis.

References 

Analytical chemistry
The Wikipedia Revolution

The Wikipedia Revolution: How A Bunch of Nobodies Created The World's Greatest Encyclopedia is a 2008 book by Andrew Lih. It is a book about the history of the internet encyclopedia Wikipedia. It covers the period from the start of Wikipedia in early 2000 to early 2008. It has biographies of Jimmy Wales, Larry Sanger, and Ward Cunningham. Wales and Sanger started Wikipedia, while Cunningham started the first online wiki. It also talks about events in Wikipedia's history such as the Essjay controversy.

The book has a foreword (a short piece of writing found at the beginning of a book) by Wales, and an afterword (a short piece of writing found at the end of a book) by volunteers of an online wiki who talk about the problems and opportunities in Wikipedia's future.

References

Other websites
, official website
"Wikipedia: Exploring Fact City", Noam Cohen, New York Times, March 28, 2009
"Wikipedia's Old-Fashioned Revolution", L. Gordon Crovitz, The Wall Street Journal, April 6, 2009
"Like Boiling a Frog" , review by David Runciman in The London Review of Books, May 28, 2009

2008 books
Works about Wikipedia
Diderot effect

The Diderot effect is a phenomenon from sociology, which was named after Denis Diderot, who first described it in an essay. In the essay, Diderot talked about a robe he used to wear in the bathroom: The old robe was a little shabby, but useful. When he was given a new robe, the new robe was more shiny, and nicer, but it did not fit well with the other clothes. 

Regrets on Parting with My Old Dressing Gown: I was absolute master of my old dressing gown,” Diderot writes, “but I have become a slave to my new one … Beware of the contamination of sudden wealth. The poor man may take his ease without thinking of appearances, but the rich man is always under a strain.

So, the Diderot effect describes that people often show a tendency to buy more goods after they bought one item. It is said that they do this to restore the general perception they had about their belongings.

References 

Sociology
Economics
Game Freak

Game Freak, Inc. is a Japanese video game company that makes video games for Nintendo game consoles. It is most well known for developing the Pokémon series of role-playing video games.

Game Freak was originally a gaming magazine created by Satoshi Tajiri and Ken Sugimori in the 1980s.  On April 26, 1989, Tajiri and Sugimori started a video game company with the same name.

References

Other websites
Official Game Freak website 

1989 establishments in Asia
Japanese video game companies
1980s establishments in Japan
Christina Rossetti

Christina Georgina Rossetti (5 December 1830 – 29 December 1894) was born in Charlotte Street (now 105 Hallam Street), in London and was an English Victorian poet who wrote a variety of romantic, devotional, and children's poems.

Works 
She is known for her poem "Goblin Market", the "Remember" and her sonnets. She also wrote the words of two Christmas carols well known in the British Isles: "In the Bleak Midwinter", later set to music by Gustav Holst and by Harold Darke, and "Love Came Down at Christmas", also set by Harold Darke and by other composers. 

Her father Gabriele Rossetti was also a poet and a political exile from Vasto, Abruzzo, since 1824 and her mother Frances Polidori was the sister of Lord Byron's friend and physician, John William Polidori. 

She had two brothers and a sister: Dante Gabriel became an influential artist and poet, and William Michael and Maria both became writers.

Christina was the youngest child in the family, she was a lively child and she dictated her first story to her mother before she had learned to write.

References

Other websites
Biography at poets.org

English poets
1830 births
1894 deaths
Thanet

Thanet is the most northeastern part of Kent, South East England. About 135,000 people live in Thanet. It was originally an island and was created as a local council area on 1 April 1974. It includes the towns of Broadstairs and Ramsgate and Margate, where its headquarters are.

Other websites
Visit Thanet

 
1974 establishments in England
Ocean gyre

A gyre is a large system of ocean currents moving in a circle. Gyres are caused by the Coriolis effect. Because the Earth is rotating, ocean currents in the northern hemisphere tend to move in a clockwise direction and currents in the southern hemisphere move in an anti-clockwise direction. 

The Coriolis force acts most strongly on the wind, and the wind then creates a torque that tends to spin the ocean currents.

The Earth rotates from the west towards the east, and the Coriolis effect becomes more intense toward the poles. Because of this, gyres form strong currents on the western side of oceans, so they are pushed against the eastern coast of continents. The vorticity (the strength of the torque force) is balanced out by frictional surface currents, which normally act against the spin of the water. However, in the middle of the ocean, the effects of friction are very weak.

The term gyre can be used to mean any type of vortex in the air or the sea, but it is most used in oceanography for the major ocean current systems.

Major gyres 
These are the five largest gyres:
 Indian Ocean Gyre
 North Atlantic Gyre
 North Pacific Gyre
 South Atlantic Gyre
 South Pacific Gyre

Other gyres

Tropical gyres 
Tropical gyres tend to be mostly east-west with minor north-south extent.
 Atlantic Equatorial Current System
 Pacific Equatorial Current System
 Indian Monsoon Gyres

Subtropical gyres 
The centre of a subtropical gyre is a high pressure area, which the ocean moves around. The high pressure in the centre is due to the westerly winds on the northern side of the gyre and easterly winds on the southern side of the gyre. These cause frictional surface currents towards the latitude at the centre of the gyre.

Subpolar gyres 
Subpolar gyres form at high latitudes (around 60°). The ocean moves around a low pressure area. Surface currents generally move outward from the centre of the system.

Related pages 

 Cyclone and Anticyclone
 Fluid dynamics
 Great Pacific Garbage Patch
 Whirlpool

References

Other websites 
 Wind-driven surface currents: Gyres
 Physical Geography - Surface and subsurface ocean currents

Oceanography
Striptease (movie)

Striptease is a 1996 comedy-drama movie. Striptease is based on a novel by the same name, which was released three years prior to the movie. The stories in this movie are about an exotic dancer who gets involved in serious child custody matters and corrupt politics. Demi Moore is exotic dancer Erin Grant, who was earlier a Federal Bureau of Investigation secretary. Also in the movie is Burt Reynolds as Congressman David Dildeck and Rumer Willis (Moore's real-life daughter) as Erin's daughter Angela. Striptease got negative reviews similar to Showgirls the previous year. Unlike Striptease, however, Showgirls became a strong cult favorite within one decade after its release.

1996 comedy-drama movies
1990s sex comedy movies
American comedy-drama movies
American sex comedy movies
Goderich, Ontario

Goderich is a town in the Ontario, Canada. It is the county seat of Huron County. The town was founded by William Dunlop in 1827. It is named after Frederick John Robinson, 1st Viscount Goderich. The town was officially incorporated in 1850.

The population of Goderich is 7,521 in 2011. The area of the town is 7.91 square kilometers.

Goderich is located on the eastern shore of Lake Huron, at the mouth of the Maitland River. Queen Elizabeth II said that Goderich was "the prettiest town in Canada." But no reigning monarch has ever visited the town. Tourism is important to the local economy. Tourists come for the sunsets over the lake.

Historic sites
Goderich contains many places that are listed on the Canadian Register of Historic Places (CRHP). The Huron Historic Gaol is a National Historic Site. It served as the prison of Huron County from its opening in 1842 until 1972.

References

Other websites

Towns in Ontario
1827 establishments
1820s establishments in Canada
Davy lamp

The Davy lamp is a safety lamp for use in mines. It was invented in 1815 by Sir Humphry Davy. 

It is a wick lamp with the flame enclosed inside a mesh screen. It was created for use in coal mines, where explosions happened in the presence of methane and other flammable gases. Those gases, called firedamp or minedamp, did not ignite a shielded flame. The wire mesh put flames out.

The lamp also warned the men of carbon dioxide or methane. The flame would burn higher, and with a blue tinge. Modern versions of the lamp are still used to test mine gases, but the light for working is now electric.

References 

Davy, Humphry 1816. On the fire-damp of coal mines, and on methods of lighting the mines so as to prevent its explosion. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London 106: 1.

Lamps
Big Time Rush

Big Time Rush (BTR) is an American television series created by Scott Fellows. It originally aired on Nickelodeon. It stars the boy band of the same name, which includes Kendall Schmidt, James Maslow, Carlos Pena Jr., and Logan Henderson. The show centers on four hockey players from Minnesota who were selected to form a boy band in Los Angeles. Aired on November 28, 2009, the series continued for four seasons. It ended with an hour-long finale special called "Big Time Dreams".

American boy bands
American television series
Nickelodeon television series
English-language television programs
Clonazepam

Clonazepam is an anticonvulsant. This means it can be used to stop seizures. It is also used to lessen states of fear. It is an anxiolytic. It is a benzodiazepine. Benzodiazepines are very addictive. Clonazepam is used to treat certain forms of epilepsy. It is also used to treat certain disorders of sleep, such as sleepwalking. In certain cases it is used as an off-label drug in psychiatry. It is also used for panic disorders.

Clonazepam works by increasing the activity of gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA). This is a chemical that sends signals throughout a person’s nervous system. If a person does not have enough GABA, their body may be in an excited state. This may cause them to have panic attacks or seizures. When a person takes this drug, they will have more GABA in their body. This will help them have fewer panic attacks and seizures.

It is not recommended that you take clonazepam with an opioid medication since this combination can more easily lead to loss of consciousness, respiratory depression, and overdose death. Similarly, drinking alcohol while taking the medication is also extremely dangerous and can result in accidental overdose.

Clonazepam side effects 
Clonazepam can cause mild or serious side effects.

 drowsiness
 problems with walking and coordination
 dizziness
 depression
 fatigue
 problems with memory

References 

Drugs
Drugs used in psychiatry
Tenant farming

Tenant farming is when the person who works the farmland does not own the land themselves. The farmer pays rent  to the landowner, either with cash or with a portion of the produce. When the rent is a share of the crop, it is sharecropping.

Many freed slaves during the Reconstruction of the United States who owned no land became tenant farmers, renting land from a great landowner.  

Agriculture
Labor
Hope Springs (2012 movie)

Hope Springs is a 2012 American romantic comedy-drama movie directed by David Frankel and written by Vanessa Taylor. It stars Meryl Streep, Tommy Lee Jones, Mimi Rogers, Jean Smart, and Steve Carell. 

The movie was released on August 8, 2012. It received generally positive reviews and the cast was praised for their performances. It was nominated for a Golden Globe Award, and won a People's Choice Award.

Other websites 

2012 romance movies
2012 comedy-drama movies
2010s romantic comedy movies
2010s romantic drama movies
American comedy-drama movies
American romantic comedy movies
American romantic drama movies
Movies set in Maine
Movies set in Nebraska
People's Choice Award winners
Mockbuster

A mockbuster (also called a knockbuster or a drafting opportunity) is a movie made to take advantage of the publicity of a similar major movie. These types of movies are often made on a low budget. They are made to be released direct-to-video at the same time that the original movie is released in theaters or on video.

Mockbusters are often made to make customers mistakenly buy the movie instead of the one that they wanted. For example, someone may think that they are buying Transformers, but they are actually buying Transmorphers, a mockbuster that was released in 2007. Because of this, a mockbuster will often use a title similar to the original movie.

Many mockbusters are made in a different country than the one that the original movie was made in. There are many Turkish, Italian, German, French and Brazilian versions of American movies, as well as sequels that were not made by the people who made the original movie. There are also television shows that are mockbusters, such as Nutri Ventures, a rip-off parody of the original Powerpuff Girls, Coconut Fred, a rip-off of SpongeBob SquarePants, and other television show rip-offs. Animated movie mockbusters are Spider's Web: A Pig's Tale, a rip-off of Charlotte's Web; Ratatoing, a rip-off of Ratatouille); The Little Panda Fighter and Chop Kick Panda, rip-offs of Kung Fu Panda, and many more movie mockbusters.

References

Other websites
 The Mockbuster at TV Tropes
Ceol of Wessex

Ceol (also known as Ceola or Ceolric) was the King of the Gewisse, also called the King of Wessex. He ruled from 591 to 597. He was first an underking until 592 when he replaced his uncle Ceawlin of Wessex as king.

King in Wessex 
Ceol was the grandson of Cynric. He was also the brother of Ceolwulf. He was underking to his uncle Ceawlin, king of the Gewisse. In 592 Ceawlin was driven out of power. This was the result of losing in a battle at Woddesbeorg (or Wodnesbeorg). The chronicle says there was a great slaughter, presumably this was among the Gewisse (West Saxons). If the story in the chronicle is correct the older king Ceawlin was removed from his throne by his nephew, Ceol. In 593 Ceawlin, along with a Cwichelm and a Crida (both otherwise unknown) died. Ceol ruled until 577 when he was succeeded by his brother Ceolwulf. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle does not say when he died. But he either died in 577 or shortly afterwards.

Notes

References

Other websites 
 Britannia: Kings of Wessex 

Year of birth unknown
570s deaths
Kings of Wessex
Slavonic Orthodox

Slavonic Orthodox refers to churches in Eastern Europe that serve Slavic peoples. 

Eastern Orthodox Church
Gravity (2013 movie)

Gravity is released in 2013 British-American space drama science fiction thriller movie. It is a 3D movie.

It was co-written, co-produced, co-edited and directed by Alfonso Cuarón. The movie stars Sandra Bullock and George Clooney as surviving astronauts from a space shuttle destroyed by debris. 

The movie has gotten many awards, and won seven awards in the 86th Academy Awards, with Alfonso Cuarón receiving Best Director.

Other websites 

2013 drama movies
2013 3D movies
2013 science fiction movies
2010s thriller movies
2010s American drama movies
British drama movies
American science fiction movies
British science fiction movies
American thriller movies
British thriller movies
English-language movies
Warner Bros. movies
Movies directed by Alfonso Cuarón
The Ice Storm

The Ice Storm is a 1997 American drama movie. The movie is about two families in New Canaan, Connecticut who are dealing with politics and serious social matters in November 1973. These two families do that using adultery, alcohol and sexual experimenting. Christina Ricci, Elijah Wood and Kevin Kline are in the cast. The Ice Storm received very positive reviews from the critics. Its performance at the box office, however was terrible: the movie only got back close to half its $18 million budget. This movie was released in the United States in autumn 1997.

Other websites 

1997 drama movies
Adultery in movies
American drama movies
English-language movies
Movies directed by Ang Lee
Movies set in Connecticut
Movies set in the 1970s
Screenplays by James Schamus
Edith Nesbit

Edith Nesbit (1858–1924) was an English writer. She was known for her books for children. Some of her novels, such as The Railway Children, have been made into films.

Other websites
Bio at spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk

English writers
1858 births
1924 deaths
Artemisia (movie)

Artemisia is a 1997 French and Italian erotic and biographical movie. It is about Artemisia Gentileschi, a 17th-century Italian painter. She is as talented as her father, who is also a painter. At that time in Italy, women were not allowed to paint humans in the nude.   But Artemisia is very much determined.

The movie got very positive reviews. The MPAA originally gave Artemisia an NC-17 rating. On appeal, the rating was changed to an R-rating.

1990s biographical movies
1997 drama movies
1997 movies
French drama movies
German drama movies
Italian drama movies
Movies directed by Agnès Merlet
C major

C major is a major scale based on C, which is made up of the pitches C,D,E,F,G,A,B. Its key signature has no flats or sharps (see below: Scales and keys).

Its relative minor is A minor, and its parallel minor is C minor. A scale in both C major and A minor can be played on a piano or other keyboard instrument using only the white keys.

Most of the time key signatures were cancelled whenever the new key signature had fewer sharps or flats than the old key signature, in modern popular music, this is only done when C major or A minor replace another key.

Scales and keys

References

Musical keys
Major scales
Geoffroi de Charny

Geoffroi de Charny ( 1300 – 19 September 1356) was the Lord of Lirey, a French knight and a writer. Sir Geoffroi was born of an important French family.  Throughout his life he fought many battles for France. He fought in the Crusades and many times throughout the war with England.   He was always loyal to his King, Jean II, King of France and died at the Battle of Poitiers protecting him. Throughout his lifetime he was well known and well respected by both the French and the English kings and nobles.  At Poitiers he was chosen to carry the Oriflamme into battle.  The Oriflamme was the Kings banner and this was a great honor given to a knight by the King.  He was also one of the Knights chosen to fight close to and protect the King. De Charny was said to be a "true and perfect Knight".

Jean de Joinville was de Charny's grandfather's.  He was a close friend of King Louis IX and author of his biography.  In the same tradition, Sir Geoffroi wrote three books in his time.  His most famous book was "A Knight's Own Book of Chivalry".  In this book he shared his great skill and knowledge of combat.  The second book written by de Charny is entitled, "Requests (or Questions) for jousting tournaments and war".  It was written about 1352 to the Knights of the Order of the Star which Sir Geoffroi founded.  This book was written in the form of questions.  His third book was the book "Charny", describes the life of a knight and lists the qualities a good knight must possess.

Charny fought in Flanders and Tournay.  He was taken prisoner but was ransomed because the King considered him so important.  He fought in many major battles during the Hundred Years' War such as the battles of Calais, Crecy and Poitiers.

Sir John Chandos was a close friend and biographer of Edward, the Black Prince, the eldest son of King Edward III of England.  Chandos was a famous knight himself.   He was an educated man and wrote down the events of a great meeting of both sides before the Battle of Poitiers. He wrote that at that meeting Sir Geoffroi tried to avoid a great bloodshed by proposing a smaller battle where 100 knights on each side would do battle with each other and the outcome would decide the battle.  Chandos writes that Charny was trying to find an honorable solution to avoid a great many more deaths.  The Black Prince refused that offer.  Charny’s predictions turned out to be true and indeed a great many nobles on both sides lost their life that day, including de Charny himself.

Charny died at the Battle of Poitiers while protecting the King.

The Shroud of Turin
Historical records seem to indicate that a shroud bearing an image of a crucified man (represented in the Pilgrim Badge shown here) existed in the small town of Lirey in France around the years 1353 to 1357 in the possession of Geoffroi de Charny.   The cloth itself is controversial.  Some believe it is a fake, while others believe the shroud to be the true burial cloth of Jesus Christ.

References 

1300 births
1356 deaths
French writers
Knights
Crusaders
Mixtape

A mixtape (or mixed-tape) is any compilation of songs recorded onto a cassette tape or other storage medium. A mixtape usually shows the kind of music that the person who made it likes to listen to. It can range from a randomly selected list of favourite songs, to a conceptual mix of songs of the same genre or mood. Making mixtapes may be considered an art form.

Since the 1990s, the term "mixtape" can also describe releases used to promote one or more new musical artists, or as a pre-release by more established artists to promote upcoming albums.

References

Audio technology
Compilation albums
Caius (jurist)

Caius or Gaius was a lawyer who lived in the 2nd century. Very little is known about his life, but he left a scholarly work on Roman law, called Institutiones. The Law of Citations, introduced in the year 426, made him one of the authorities of Roman law, together with Ulpian, Paulus, Papianus and Modestinus.

His works were written between AD 130 and 180.

Ancient Roman writers
Lawyers
2nd-century deaths
2nd-century births
Pascal's simplex

Pascal's simplex is a mathematical term.  A simplex gives a generalisation of a triangle.  Pascal's simplex gives the generalisation of Pascal's triangle.

Mathematics
Corey Locke

Corey Michael Locke (born May 8, 1984) is a Canadian ice hockey player. He has played for the Montreal Canadiens, New York Rangers, and the Ottawa Senators. He also played for Turku (Finland). He was born in Toronto, Ontario.

Other websites 
Corey Locke at Hockey-Reference

Montreal Canadiens players
Canadian ice hockey centres
New York Rangers players
Ottawa Senators players
1984 births
Sportspeople from Toronto
American Hockey League players
Living people
Ontario Hockey League players