cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Westminster Cathedral

Westminster Cathedral in London, England, is a Roman Catholic cathedral.  It is the mother church of the Roman Catholic community in England and Wales and the Metropolitan Church and Cathedral for the Archbishop of Westminster. 

The cathedral is near Victoria in the City of Westminster. It is the largest Roman Catholic church in England and Wales. It should not be confused with Westminster Abbey.

The cathedral was opened in 1903.  It was designed by John Francis Bentley and is in the style of  Byzantine church architecture.  The nave is the widest of any church in England.  The sanctuary is higher than the nave, so that the altar can be seen from any part of the nave.  A very large crucifix hangs from the chancel arch.  The Archiepiscopal Throne or cathedra, of marble and mosaic, is modelled on the Papal Throne at the Basilica of St. John Lateran in Rome. There are beautiful marble pillars which are all carved differently.  In the crypt there are monuments to famous people.

Westminster Cathedral has a famous choir.  The first Master of Music (choirmaster) was Sir Richard Runciman Terry. Since 2000, the Master of Music has been Martin Baker.  Mass is sung every day.

The choir are famous for singing Gregorian chant and polyphony of the Renaissance.  Composers such as Benjamin Britten and Ralph Vaughan Williams have written music for the choir.

All the boys of the Choir are boarders at the nearby Westminster Cathedral Choir School.

The organ is very large.  It is in the west gallery (above the entrance).  It was built by the organ builder Henry Willis III from 1922 to 1932.  One of Louis Vierne's best-known organ pieces, "Carillon de Westminster,"  was composed for it and dedicated to the builder.

On 28 May 1982, the first day of his six-day visit to the United Kingdom, Pope John Paul II celebrated Mass in the Cathedral.

In 1995, Cardinal Basil Hume invited HM The Queen.  This was the first visit of a reigning monarch of the United Kingdom to a Catholic liturgy since 1688 when James II & VII was king.

Other websites 
Westminster Cathedral official site

Cathedrals in England
Roman Catholic Cathedrals
Buildings and structures in the City of Westminster
Westminster
Cachoeira do Sul

Cachoeira do Sul is a Brazilian city of the state of Rio Grande do Sul. Its population is 89,669 and has an area of 3.765 km².

Cities in Rio Grande do Sul
Mode (statistics)

In statistics, the mode of a set of data is the one that occurs most.  Very often, samples of data are collected. These might be measurements of some kind. In this context, the mode is the value that occurs most often. Unlike the median and the mean, the mode is not necessarily unique. There might be several different values that occur the same number of times. 

Statistics
S.S.C. Napoli

S.S.C. Napoli (Società Sportiva Calcio Napoli) is an Italian football club.  The club plays in Serie A. Its home stadium is the Stadio San Paolo in Naples, Italy.  They team plays in light blue shirts, white shorts and light blue socks as uniforms.

History 
The club was formed in 1926 and it was in most of its history in Serie A. It was Diego Armando Maradona who put Napoli on the world soccer map, leading them to scudettos in 1987 and 1990 and the UEFA Cup in 1989. They also won the Coppa Italia in 1962, 1976, 1987, 2012, 2014 and 2020, a Coppa delle Alpi in 1966 and two Supercoppa Italiana in 1990 and 2014.

Napoli dropped to Serie B in 2001. With a debt of about 70 million euros, the club went bankrupt in August 2004. A new club, Napoli Soccer, was born. Napoli Soccer was renamed Società Sportiva Calcio Napoli in early 2006.

Honours 
 Serie A : 2
 1986/87, 1989/90
 Coppa Italia : 6
 1962, 1976, 1987, 2012, 2014, 2020
 Supercoppa Italiana : 2
 1990, 2014
 UEFA Cup : 1
 1989
 Cup of the Alps : 1
 1966
 Anglo-Italian League Cup : 1
 1976
 Thomas Lipton Trophy : 3
 1909, 1911, 1914

League position

Former position

Notable Players 
These are players who once played for Napoli and players who still do.

Managers

Other websites 
 SSC Napoli
 Serie A

Italian football clubs
Naples
1926 establishments in Italy
At War with Satan

At War with Satan is the third album by English black metal band Venom. It was released on 16 April 1984.

Track listing 

Venom (band)
1983 albums
Heavy metal albums
Antichrist

In Christian beliefs, the Antichrist or Anti-christ (anti means opposite; christ means messiah) is used to speak about a person or image that implies evil, and more than one person. It is also said that antichrist is the devil himself.

The Biblical Book of Revelation refers to two "Beasts". One of them is often identified as the Antichrist, the counter-messiah of the devil.

Related pages 
 666 (number)

References 

New Testament
Christian eschatology
Baker

A baker is somebody who makes mainly bread. Some bakers also make cakes and desserts, but a traditional baker only makes bread. The place where a baker works is called a bakehouse or a bakery.

The first bread was made by the Egyptians in 8000 BC and in the Middle Ages most landlords had a bakery. They had a public oven and housewives brought the dough to the baker to cook.

Bread is now much sweeter than it was in the Middle Ages because a lot of corn syrup or honey is used.

Baking
Statistical hypothesis test

A statistical hypothesis test is a method used in statistics. It helps you describe the results you get from an experiment. The hypothesis test tells you the likelihood that a specific result would happen by chance. 

Statistical hypothesis tests answer the question: Assuming that the null hypothesis is true, what is the probability of getting a value which is at least as extreme as the value that was actually observed?. 

So, for example, if the result would only happen by chance 5% of the time, then the experimental hypothesis is supported to the 95% level.

References

Other websites 

Statistical tests
Luxembourg City

The city of Luxembourg (, , German: Luxemburg), also known as Luxembourg City (, , German: Stadt Luxemburg), is a commune with city status, and the capital of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg.

The city is at the confluence of the Alzette and Pétrusse rivers in southern Luxembourg. In the city is found the Luxembourg Castle, built by the Franks in the Early Middle Ages, around which a settlement developed.

History

During the Roman period, two main roads crossed the territory of the present city of Luxembourg; these two roads met at the place Marché-aux-Poissons (now a street and a neighborhood) dominated by a fortified tower. A castle was built here and it was called Lucilinburhuc ("small castle"). In 963, this place became a property of Siegfried I, a close relative of the Emperors of Germany and Kings of France. Siegfried built a castle, not far from the "Lucilinburhuc" castle, on a rocky cliff called the Bock (). This place is now considered the birthplace of the city, the country and the nation.

In 1994 UNESCO named the Old Quarters and Fortifications a World Heritage Site.

Geography

The city of Luxembourg has an area of , about 2% of the territory of the whole country. The altitude varies between  high (Beggen, Bastogne street) and  high (Dommeldange); it is  high at the centre of the city.

Luxembourg's climate is on the boundary of oceanic (Cfb in the Koeppen climate classification) and humid continental (Dfb) climates.

Population
, there are 115,227 persons living in the commune, for a population density of  inhabitants/km².

Twin cities
  Camden, United Kingdom, since 2007
  Metz, France, 
  Tambov, Russia, since 2012
  Prague, Czech Republic, since 2012

References

Other websites

  Ville de Luxembourg - Official website

 
World Heritage Sites in Europe
Vacuum cleaner

A vacuum cleaner is a device that cleans dust and dirt from floors. Sometimes it is just called a vacuum because it uses the force of a vacuum to suck dirt into a large chamber from which it can be dumped into the garbage.

In the 1920s, an Ohio janitor named James Murray Spangler created a carpet sweeping contraption out of a soap box, a broom handle, a pillow case, and an electric motor. He then began to sell his machine to local housewives. The first plastic vacuum cleaner was produced in the 1930s, and the precursor to modern central vac systems was created in 1952 by the Hoover Company, whose name was now synonymous with “vacuuming”. By the 1960s, vacuum cleaners were much more lightweight and easy to use.

There are several types of vacuum cleaners:
 Upright vacuum cleaners
 Canister vacuum cleaners
 Robot vacuum cleaners
 Handheld vacuum cleaners
 Car vacuum cleaners
 Carpet cleaners

References

Home appliances
TV Tokyo

TV Tokyo is a television station in Tokyo, Japan. It is also known as "Teleto," a portmanteau of "terebi," the Japanese word for "television," and "Tokyo." Its main owner is Nihon Keizai Shimbun. TV Tokyo is the smallest of the major Tokyo TV networks.

Japanese television networks
Drawer

A drawer is a piece of furniture for storage. They are usually very short and wide and are part of a chest of drawers, where lots of drawers are stacked. Most have handles or knobs so they can be pulled out.

Furniture
Chest of drawers

A chest of drawers (also called a dresser) is a piece of furniture. It is made of lots of horizontal drawers. Chests of drawers are usually used for storing clothing, such as underwear and socks.

Furniture
Puzzle

A puzzle is a problem to make the user think. They are often used for entertainment and can help logic skills. The user may need to recognise patterns to solve it, so those who have good logic are usually good with puzzles.

Puzzles, such as wordsearches, crosswords and Sudoku grids, are printed in newspapers and magazines, but puzzles can be with objects or even on a computer screen.

Puzzles
On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences

The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences (OEIS), also known as Sloane's, is a large searchable database. It is on the Web, and it contains number sequences, like the Fibonacci numbers or the powers of two.

It contains over 270,000 sequences. This makes it the largest database of its kind. Each entry contains the leading terms of the sequence, keywords, mathematical motivations, literature links. It also includes the option to generate a graph or play a musical representation of the sequence. The database can be searched by keyword and by subsequence. For instance, it is possible to search for all sequences with both 15 and 118.

Mathematics
Science websites
Ramanujan prime

In mathematics, a Ramanujan prime is a prime number that satisfies a result proven by Srinivasa Ramanujan. It relates to the prime counting function.

Origins and definition
In 1919, Ramanujan published a new proof of Bertrand's postulate (which had already been proven by Pafnuty Chebyshev). 

Ramanujan's result at the end of the paper was:

  ≥ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, ... for all x ≥ 2, 11, 17, 29, 41, ... 

where (x) is the prime counting function. The prime counting function is the number of primes less than or equal to x.

The numbers 2, 11, 17, 29, 41 are first few Ramanujan primes. In other words:

Ramanujan primes are the integers Rn that are the smallest to satisfy the condition
 ≥ n, for all  x ≥ Rn

Classes of prime numbers
Prime counting function

In mathematics, the prime counting function is the function counting the number of prime numbers less than or equal to some real number x. It is written as , but it is not related to the number π. Some key values of the function include ,  and .

In general, if stands for the n-th prime number, then .

Related pages 

 Ramanujan prime

References 

Number theory
Bertrand's postulate

Bertrand's postulate states that if n > 3 is an integer, then there always exists at least one prime number p with n < p < 2n − 2. 

This statement was first made in 1845 by Joseph Bertrand. Bertrand verified his statement for all numbers in the interval [2, 3 × 106].

His statement was completely proven by Pafnuty Chebyshev in 1850. For this reason, the postulate is also called the Bertrand-Chebyshev theorem or Chebyshev's theorem. Srinivasa Ramanujan gave a simpler proof. Ramanujan later used that proof when he discovered Ramanujan primes. In 1932, Paul Erdős published a simpler proof using the Chebyshev function θ(x).

Other websites 
 Ramanujan's simpler proof

Number theory
Paul Erdős

Paul Erdős, also Pál Erdős, in English Paul Erdos or Paul Erdös (March 26, 1913 – September 20, 1996), was a famous  Hungarian-born mathematician. He worked with hundreds of mathematicians on problems in combinatorics, graph theory, number theory, classical analysis, approximation theory, set theory, and probability theory.

Erdős number 
Because he wrote so many articles, friends created Erdős number. Erdős has a number of 0 (for being himself), and his direct collaborators were given the number 1. Their collaborators were given a number of 2, an so on. 

The Erdős number was most likely first defined by Casper Goffman, a mathematician whose Erdős number is 1.

Other websites 
 Erdős number project 

1913 births
1996 deaths
Hungarian mathematicians
Wolf Prize winners
Number theorists
Set theorists
Erdős number

The Erdős number () honors the Hungarian mathematician Paul Erdős. Erdős was one of the most prolific mathematical writers. He worked with many mathematicians. 

Paul Erdős's number is 0. Anyone who directly worked with Paul Erdős has an Erdős number of 1. Anyone who works with those collaborators who have an Erdős number of 1, has an Erdős number of 2. The chain continues like that.

Related pages
 Bacon number

Other websites
 Jerry Grossman, The Erdös Number Project. Contains statistics and a complete list of all mathematicians with an Erdős number less than or equal to 2.
Erdős number project 

Numbers
John Morrison (wrestler)

John Randall Hennigan (born October 3, 1979) is an American professional wrestler. He is currently working on the independent circuit. He is best known for working for World Wrestling Entertainment under the ring names John Morrison and Johnny Nitro.

Personal life 
Hennigan grew up in Los Angeles, California with his two younger sisters, Kelly and Elise. Hennigan once dated wrestler Melina Perez. The characters they play on television started in a relationship. They met while trying to be a part of the television program Tough Enough III. Hennigan was made a part of the program, Perez was not.

References

Other websites 
 WWE Profile

1979 births
Living people
American professional wrestlers
Former WWE wrestlers
Sportspeople from Los Angeles
American Roman Catholics
Candice Michelle

Candice Michelle Beckman-Ehrlich (born September 30, 1978 in Milwaukee, Wisconsin) is an American professional wrestler, actress, and model. She is better known as Candice Michelle or just Candice. Beckman is best known for wrestling for World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE).

World Wrestling Entertainment

Candice Michelle came to WWE as a contestant in the 2004 Diva Search. Although she did not win, WWE hired her anyway. At first, Candice Michelle did not have much to do on the program. Over the next several years, she was trained as a wrestler and started doing more work. She was mainly used in unusual matches. For example, "Bra and panties matches" are matches where the winner is the person removes the other persons clothing leaving them wearing only their bra and panties.

At the Vengeance PPV on June 24, she defeated Melina to win the WWE Women's Title for the first time.

Michelle was released from her WWE contract on June 19, 2009.

Personal life
Candice married Dr. Ken Gee Ehrlich, a West Los Angeles chiropractor on May 7, 2005.

Media
During Candice's career, she has been in many television series, magazine pictorials, fashion shows, and movies. She has been in the movies Dodgeball: A True Underdog Story(as a dancer), Confessions of a Dangerous Mind, High Crimes, and Horrorween. In television, she has been on Party of Five, The Man Show, Playboy TV's Totally Busted, The Tonight Show with Jay Leno, and Monk. Her most notable appearance was her appearance on Hotel Erotica. She has also posed nude for several magazines including Playboy. She is also the spokesperson for the internet company GoDaddy.com.

References

Other websites 
Official site
WWE Profile

1978 births
Living people
American professional wrestlers
Former WWE wrestlers
Female professional wrestlers
Models from Wisconsin
Actors from Milwaukee, Wisconsin
Sportspeople from Wisconsin
Star of David

The Star of David (Hebrew:מָגֵן דָּוִד, or Māġēn Dāwīd, pronounced [] in ancient Hebrew, and [] in  Modern Hebrew) is a Jewish symbol. It is named after King David of Israel and it is very famous. The star consists of a triangle, overlapped by another, "upside-down" triangle. It is unknown how this came to be a symbol of Judaism, but it was first used in the Middle Ages. It is used on the flag of Israel, and was used by German National Socialists to identify Jews.

Judaism
Religious symbols
Belz Beis HaMedrash HaGadol

The Belz Beis HaMedrash HaGadol (in Yiddish: בעלזא בית המדרש הגדול - "The Belz Grand Synagogue) is one of the largest synagogues in Jerusalem. It was built by the Belz Hasidic Jews, with help from their supporters and admirers around the world. In the 1980s, Rabbi Yissachar Dov Rokeach (II) of Belz made plans for the huge synagogue to be built in the Kiryat Belz part of Jerusalem.

Synagogues
Judaism in Israel
Buildings and structures in Jerusalem
Samson (band)

Samson was a British heavy metal band between 1977 and 2002. It was considered a part of the New Wave of British Heavy Metal. Its first album, Survivors, received good reviews. This made the band more popular. Iron Maiden lead singer Bruce Dickinson was in the band before he joined Iron Maiden. Dickinson went by the name "Bruce Bruce" while he was in Samson. The band kept making music until 2002, when guitarist Paul Samson, who started the band, died of cancer.

Studio albums 
 Survivors (1979)
 Head On (1980)
 Shock Tactics (1981)
 Before the Storm (1982)
 Don't Get Mad, Get Even (1984)
 Joint Forces (1986)
 Refugee (1990)
 Samson (1993)
 P.S.... (2006)

References

Other websites
Samson on AllMusic
Samson on Billboard

British heavy metal bands
1977 establishments in the United Kingdom
Musical groups established in 1977
Musical groups disestablished in 2002
2002 disestablishments in the United Kingdom
Thornton Heath

Thornton Heath is a town in the London Borough of Croydon, south London. There is a new leisure centre in Thornton Heath and there is a train station and a lot of bus routes. There are a lot of shops like Sainsbury's and Tesco.

Towns in London
London Borough of Croydon
Stamford Bridge (stadium)

Stamford Bridge is the home of Premier League club Chelsea F.C.. It is located in Fulham in southwest London. 

It was built for Fulham Football Club, who turned it down for money reasons, so Chelsea was created and decided to play at the ground. It currently holds a capacity of 41,631 seats. It is one of the oldest football stadiums in the world, being opened in 1877. It was renovated in 1998

Other websites 

 Chelsea FC Website
 Aerial shot of Stamford Bridge
It's the Theatre of Drams!  Man U and Chelsea grounds were shinty parks.
Stamford Bridge webcam on camvista.com 
Take a tour of Stamford Bridge 

Football stadiums in London
Freeganism

The word "freeganism" (person: freegan; related: freecycling) means to get things for free rather than buy those items. A freegan is a person who does not like to pay for things, but does not steal either. Freegans like to find things that other people throw away that are still useful.  People often throw things away that are not used up or broken.  Sometimes they throw things away because they are bored of them and like to shop for new things.  Freegans look through other people's rubbish bins and take what they can use, to the point of dumpster diving. This can be good for the environment, because no energy is used to make new things, in those cases. However, some cities have rules about taking things out of the rubbish, and freegans can get in trouble for this.
 
The name "freegan" rhymes with "vegan".  It combines the words "free" and "vegan".  Freegans are not necessarily vegans.

References 

Lifestyles
Recycling
British Board of Film Classification

The British Board of Film Classification is the organisation responsible for movie and some video game classification in the United Kingdom. The rating system can help parents decide which movies their children should not watch and what video games they should not play. It is based in London. It was formed in 1912 as the British Board of Film Censors; its name was changed in 1985.

Ratings 
There are seven ratings:

 - Everybody can watch it.
 - Everybody can watch it, but very young children may need an adult with them.
 - People under 12 need an adult 18 years or older with them. 
 - People must be 12 or over to watch the movie. 
 - People must be 15 or over to watch the movie.
 - People must be 18 or over to watch the movie. These films usually contain a lot of horror, nudity or violence.
 - People must be 18 or over to watch the movie and the movie can only be shown at specially licensed cinemas or sold in licensed sex shops. (This is specifically given to Hardcore pornography.)

Other websites 
 BBFC

1912 establishments in the United Kingdom
Movie organizations
Video game ratings
Organisations based in London
Electrology

Electrology is an electrical process to remove human hair so that it does not grow back. An electrologist is sometimes called an electrolysist in the United Kingdom. The process of removing the hair is referred to as electrolysis. The electrolysist slides a thin metal probe into each hair follicle. This, if done the right way, does not hurt the skin. Electricity flows to the follicle through the probe. This causes damage to the areas that grow hair so that it does not grow back.

Other websites
 American Electrology Association
 British Institute and Association of Electrolysis
 The Society for Clinical & Medical Hair Removal, Inc.
 International Guild of Hair Removal Specialists, Inc. 
 HairFacts - electrolysis medical data 
 HairTell - Electrolysis Discussion
 Electrolysis discussion group 

Hair
Medical procedures
Film rating systems

Many countries have a film rating system to help parents determine which movies their children can watch. The systems usually use age to rate the movies.

United Kingdom 
The United Kingdom use the British Board of Film Classification film rating system.

United States 
The United States use the Motion Picture Association of America film rating system.

Australia 
Australia uses the Australian Classification Board film rating system.

Canada
Canada uses the Canadian Home Video Rating System.

Japan 
Japan uses the Eirin.

Ukraine 
Ukraine uses the Ukrainian State Film Agency film rating system.

Related pages 
 Movie censorship
 X rating

Movie ratings
Eve Ensler

Eve Ensler (born May 25, 1953) is an American playwright and feminist activist. She is best known for the play The Vagina Monologues.

Ensler was born in New York City to a Christian mother and Jewish father. She graduated from Middlebury College in 1975. She married Richard McDermott in 1978 and divorced in 1988. She is the adoptive mother of actor Dylan McDermott. She adopted him when he was 18 and she was 26.

In 2010, she said that she was being treated for uterine cancer.

References

Other websites 
 Eve Ensler biography  via V-Day
 Eve Ensler via Internet Movie Database
 
 Writer's Voice 2007 audio interview

1953 births
Living people
American activists
American feminists
American playwrights
People with cancer
Writers from New York City
Brat

The word Brat has several meanings:

Spoiled brat, a child who gets his or her way all the time and is not disciplined.
Military brat (U.S. subculture), a person who grew up with a parent in the military.
Brat Pack, a group of young American movie actors.
Da Brat, a rapper popular in the 1990s.
Brat, an computer puzzle game released in 1991.
Brat and Brat-2, Russian crime movies.
Bratz is the name of a line of dolls which started production in 2001.
Brats, a 1930 Laurel and Hardy movie
An abbreviation of bratwurst.

It can be an acronym for:

BRAT, a pickup truck made by Subaru
BRAT diet, a diet of bananas, rice, applesauce and toast given to patients with various forms of gastrointestinal distress.
Biroul Român de Audit al Tirajelor (Romanian Audit Bureaux of Circulations)
Roger Pearson

Roger Pearson (born 21 August 1927, in London) is a British writer and publisher. He is also the editor of some journals published by The Institute for the Study of Man.

Publications written, edited, or published by Pearson

Essays on Eugenics and Race. 1958, Northern World, Coventry
Mankind Quarterly (from 1979-) 
The Religious Attitudes of the Indo-Europeans. 1966, 1967 Hans Gunther, trans. by Vivian Bird (See Oliver Bird Trust and George Cadbury) in collaboration with Roger Pearson.
Introduction to Anthropology. Harcourt College Pub, 1974.
Anthropological Glossary. Krieger Pub Co, 1985.
Race, Intelligence and Bias in Academe. Scott-Townsend Publishers, 1997 (2nd edition).
Heredity and Humanity: Race, Eugenics and Modern Science. Scott-Townsend Publishers, 1996.

Books about Pearson

Kühl, Stefan The Nazi Connection: Eugenics, American Racism, and German National Socialism. Oxford University Press, 1994.  
Tucker, William The Science and Politics of Racial Research. University of Illinois Press, 1994. 
Shermer, Michael Why People Believe Weird Things: Pseudoscience, Superstition, and Other Confusions of Our Time. Henry Holt, 1997. 
Lincoln, Bruce Theorizing Myth: Narrative, Ideology, and Scholarship. University of Chicago Press, 1999. 
Tucker, William The funding of scientific racism: Wickliffe Draper and the Pioneer Fund. University of Illinois Press, 2002. 
Jackson, John P. Science for Segregation: Race, Law, and the Case against Brown v. Board of Education. NYU Press, 2005. 
Michael, George Willis Carto and the American Far Right. University Press of Florida, 2008. 
Tucker, William The Cattell Controversy: Race, Science, and Ideology. University of Illinois Press, 2009. 
Spiro, Jonathan P. Defending the Master Race: Conservation, Eugenics, and the Legacy of Madison Grant. University of Vermont Press, 2009
Scatamburlo d'Annibale, Valeri Cold Breezes and Idiot Winds: Patriotic Correctness and the Post-9/11 Assault on Academe Springer Science & Business Media, 2011. 
Richards, Graham 'Race,' Racism, and Psychology: Towards a Reflexive History Second Edition. Routledge, 2012. 

British writers
British anthropologists
1927 births
Living people
Colorado Springs, Colorado

Colorado Springs is a city in Colorado, United States. With 369,815 people, it is the second largest city in Colorado and the 49th largest in the United States. It is also the county seat of El Paso County.  It is the headquarters of Focus on the Family, which is a Christian group, and the United States Air Force Academy. Tourist attractions like Pikes Peak, Garden of the Gods  the Cheyenne Mountain Zoo, Seven Falls, Manitou Springs, the Broadmoor Hotel and the Air Force Academy are also in the city and its surrounding area.

References

Notes

Other websites 
 City of Colorado Springs 
 Colorado Springs Convention & Visitor's Bureau
 Colorado Springs Vacation Insider

 
County seats in Colorado
1886 establishments in the United States
1880s establishments in Colorado
Janice Raymond

Janice G. Raymond (born January 24, 1943) is an American feminist activist. She is known for her work against violence, sexual exploitation and the "medical abuse" of women.  She is also known for her writings and activism against transsexualism. She is retired professor of women's studies and medical ethics at the University of Massachusetts in Amherst. She has published many articles on prostitution and sex trafficking. She lectures around the world on many of these topics through Coalition Against Trafficking in Women.

Career
In 1979 her first book, The Transsexual Empire, was published. In the book Raymond said that all transsexuals rape women's bodies. The book has been called hate speech against transgender people.

In 1993 her most recent book, Women as Wombs: Reproductive Technologies and the Battle over Women’s Freedom was published.

Raymond has received grants from the U.S. Department of State, the U.S. National Institute of Justice, the Ford Foundation, the United States Information Agency, the National Science Foundation, the Norwegian Organization for Research and Development (NORAD), and UNESCO.

Personal life
Raymond graduated from Salve Regina College in 1965. She got her Masters in Religious Studies from Andover Newton Theological School in 1971. She graduated from Boston College in 1977.

Janice Raymond is a former member of the Sisters of Mercy. She later left the convent. She is now an open lesbian.

References

Other websites
 The Empire Strikes Back: A Posttranssexual Manifesto  by Sandy Stone.
 Where did we go wrong? Feminism and trans theory- two teams on the same side?  by Stephen Whittle, 2000.

1943 births
Living people
American academics
American LGBT people
American radical feminists
Lesbian feminists
LGBT scientists
Prostitution
Educators from Rhode Island
Educators from Boston, Massachusetts
Writers from Boston, Massachusetts
Writers from Rhode Island
Energy efficiency

Energy efficiency is using less energy to provide the same level of energy service.  An example would be insulating a home to use less heating and cooling energy to achieve the same temperature.  Another example would be installing fluorescent lights and/or skylights instead of incandescent bulbs to attain the same level of illumination.  So efficient energy use is achieved primarily by means of a more efficient technology rather than by changes in individual behaviour.

Energy conservation is using less energy to achieve a lesser energy service, and usually involves a change in behavior.  Examples would be heating a room less in winter, or driving less, or working in a less brightly lit room.  

As with other definitions, the boundary between efficient energy use and energy conservation can be fuzzy, but both are important in environmental and economic terms.  This is especially the case when actions are directed at the saving of fossil fuels.

References

Energy
Tulsa, Oklahoma

Tulsa is the second largest city in Oklahoma, United States. There are 387,807 people living in Tulsa. It is the 47th largest city in the United States. It is the county seat of Tulsa County; and the most densely populated county in Oklahoma. Tulsa has 563,299 people living in it.

In Tulsa 
 Philbrook Museum - an art museum
 Gilcrease Museum
 Big Splash - a water amusement park
 Bell's Amusement Park(now closed)
 Southroads Mall
 Woodland Hills Mall
 LaFortune Park

Related pages
 Tulsa Public Schools

References

Other websites 
 Official City Website
 Tulsa Chamber of Commerce
 Tulsa Convention & Visitors Bureau 
 Official Tulsa Police Website
 Vision 2025

 
County seats in Oklahoma
Anchorage, Alaska

Anchorage is the largest city in Alaska, United States. With a population of 285,634 residents, it makes up more than two-fifths of the state's population.

History
Anchorage was originally a construction camp during the building of the Alaska Railroad. By 1920 it had grown to the point where it was decided to officially make it a city. Being at the head of Cook Inlet it became an important place for shipping in Alaska because ships could load and unload cargo to and from the new railroad. In the 1940 an both the army and the air force built bases near Anchorage, and it got even bigger. In 1964 Anchorage was hit by the Good Friday Earthquake, the second strongest earthquake ever recorded. Over a hundred people died and a lot of buildings in and around Anchorage were destroyed. Over the next few years a lot of work went into rebuilding the city and making the buildings better in case there was another earthquake. In 1968 oil was discovered up in the Arctic region of Alaska, and Anchorage again got bigger quickly and merged with other towns in the area. Today it is a modern city with a very large international airport, a large sea port that is very busy, and all the other things you would expect to find in a big city.

Utilities 
Water for the city comes from Eklutna Lake. 

The city's electricity comes from power plants in the city and from a dam also fed by Eklutna Lake.

Heat for homes comes from Natural gas provided by Enstar Natural Gas Company.

Climate 
Anchorage has a subarctic climate (Dfc in the Köppen climate classification).

References

 
1914 establishments in the United States
20th-century establishments in Alaska
Boundary Peak

Boundary Peak is a mountain, (or peak), in the southwestern U.S. State of Nevada. The county is Esmeralda. It is the highest point in Nevada. It is less than two miles from the Cal/Nev state line, which is why it is called Boundary Peak. Boundary Peak is  tall, and the closest town is Dyer, a famous ghost town.

Other websites 
Boundary Peak
Boundary Peak - Highest Point in Nevada 

Geography of Nevada
Mountains of the United States
Skopje

Skopje (Macedonian: Скопје; transcribed Skopje) is the capital and the largest city of North Macedonia. The city is the administrative, cultural, economic and academic centre of the country. In the past, the city has been known by various names such as: Üsküp (Turkish) or Skoplje (Serbo-Croatian). The city has been build upon the ancient city of Scupi. In 2002, the city had population of 506,926 citizens.

Geography 
Skopje is in the north of North Macedonia. Through the city flows the river Vardar, the biggest river in North Macedonia. Skopje is located on 255 metres above the sea level and it coves 1, 854 km² or 715.8 sq mi. Northern of the city is the mountain Skopska Crna Gora and on the south is the mountain Vodno.

Administrative divisions of the city 
The city of Skopje is administratively divided into 10 municipalities, of which one is the whole city named Greater Skopje. The city is part of the Skopje statistical region in North Macedonia.

1 .  Centar 
2 .  Gazi Baba
3 .  Aerodrom
4 .  Čair
5 .  Kisela Voda
6 .  Butel
7 .  Šuto Orizari
8 .  Karpoš
9 .  Gjorče Petrov
10 . Saraj

Sister and partner cities 

Skopje is twinned with:

Gallery

Related pages 
 Republic of North Macedonia

References

Other websites 

 Skopje Alexander the Great Airport
 Skopje Intercity Bus Station 
 Saints Cyril and Methodius University - Skopje
 City of Skopje Official Portal
Norwegian Dawn

The Norwegian Dawn is a cruise ship that began sailing in 2002 and is currently in operation with Norwegian Cruise Line.

History 
The Norwegian Dawn was ordered from shipbuilders Meyer-Werft, Papenburg, Germany. It was delivered in 2001 to Star Cruises. But, it was decided by Star Cruises that SuperStar Libra and SuperStar Scorpio would start being used as part of the fleet operated by subsidiary company Norwegian Cruise Line. These vessels would become Norwegian Star and Norwegian Dawn. In 2002, Norwegian Dawn was delivered to NCL. It is the second SuperStar.

Cruises
The Norwegian Dawn sails from New York City to Port Canaveral, Florida; Miami, Florida; Nassau, Bahamas; and Great Stirrup Cay.

Related pages 
SuperStar
Cruise ship

References

Other websites 
  Norwegian Dawn Official Site 
 CruiseCritic.com review
 Photos of Norwegian Dawn 

Cruise ships
Lea Fastow

Lea Weingarten Fastow (born December 1961) is the wife of former Enron executive and felon Andrew Fastow, and is the second former Enron executive to go to prison after Enron collapsed due to fraud in December 2001.

Fastow was born in Houston, Texas, born to a Jewish family. Her family had grocery store chain and Weingarten Realty Investors WRI. She graduated from Tufts University, where she met her husband. She earned an MBA at Northwestern University. She was married in 1984. Together Andrew and Lea have two children.

References

1961 births
Living people
American Jews
American criminals
People from Houston, Texas
Lawrence Higby

Lawrence M. Higby is an American businessman and political activist. Higby is the former assistant of the White House Chief of Staff H. R. Haldeman during the Nixon Administration. He later went on to become CEO of home medical equipment company Apria. Up until 2005, Higby led a group of rich Republicans called the New Majority PAC.

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Businesspeople from Washington, D.C.
American political activists
Endorsement test

The endorsement test was proposed by Sandra Day O'Connor, a member of the United States Supreme Court. She suggested it in her judgment in a lawsuit called Lynch v. Donnelly in 1984.

The endorsement test is a question that you can ask if you think that the government is doing something in favor of religion. According to the United States Constitution, the government cannot endorse any particular religion, and cannot endorse religion in general. The test asks: is the government doing something that makes people think that the government endorses religion? If so, that government act may not be allowed under the Constitution.

Endorsement test
United States law
Religion in the United States
Terry Rakolta

Terry Rakolta (born September 18, 1943) is an American homemaker and activist who led an unsuccessful boycott against the Fox Broadcasting Company sitcom Married... with Children Rakolta currently lives in Bloomfield Hills, Michigan. Rakolta later founded Americans for Responsible Television to fight against other shows deemed offensive by the organization, including shows by Phil Donahue and Howard Stern.

American activists
1943 births
Living people
Snake River

The Snake River is a river in the U.S. states of Wyoming, Idaho, Washington and Oregon. It is a tributary of the Columbia River. The river rises in western Wyoming, and flows through the Snake River Plain in Idaho. It turns north, forming the border with Oregon and Idaho, and the border with Washington and Idaho. At Lewiston it turns west and flows through Washington to the Columbia River.

The Shoshone and Nez Perce Indians lived on the Snake River. The Lewis and Clark Expedition was the first American expedition to sight the Snake River. The river later was part of the Oregon Trail. Many pioneers traveled down the river to settle in the fertile Willamette Valley in Oregon. 

There are fifteen dams on the Snake River. Some are for hydropower, some for irrigation, and some for navigation.

Rivers of Washington (U.S. state)
Rivers of Oregon
Rivers of Wyoming
Rivers of Idaho
Mount Hood

Mount Hood is a dormant volcano, called Wy'east by the Multnomah tribe. It is in the U.S. state of Oregon, about 50 miles (80 kilometers) southeast of Portland. It is described as a "potentially active" stratovolcano.

The volcano is  high. It is the highest point in Oregon. There are several ski resorts on Mount Hood. There are 12 glaciers.

Each year, runners race on foot between Mount Hood and the Pacific Ocean in the "Hood to Coast Relay."

References

Geography of Oregon
Mountains of the United States
Driftwood

Driftwood is wood that has been washed onto the shore of a sea, river, or lake by winds, tides, waves or man.

In some waterfront areas, driftwood is a major nuisance. However, the driftwood provides shelter and food for birds, fish and other aquatic species as it floats in the ocean. Gribbles, shipworms and bacteria decompose the wood and gradually turn it into nutrients that are reintroduced to the food web. Sometimes, the partially decomposed wood washes ashore, where it also shelters birds, plants, and other species. Driftwood can become the foundation for sand dunes.

Driftwood can be:
a tree or part of a tree that is in a large body of water because of strong winds or flooding 
buildings and their contents that are in the sea because of floods, storms and tsunamis
wooden objects placed into the water from shore
remains of wooden ships and boats
lost cargo

In history
According to Norse mythology, the first humans, Ask and Embla, were formed out of two pieces of driftwood, an ash and an elm, by the god Odin and his brothers, Ve and Vili. 

Driftwood carried by Arctic rivers was the main, or sometimes only, source of wood for some Inuit and other Arctic populations living north of the tree-line until they came into regular contact with European traders. 
 
Many people use driftwood as parts of decorative furniture or other art forms, and it is a popular element in the scenery of fish tanks.

Wood
What Not to Wear

What Not to Wear is a makeover reality show that is aired on the BBC. The reality show is now presented by Mica Paris and Lisa Butcher, but before them, it was presented by the fashion experts Trinny Woodall and Susannah Constantine.

On every episode of the show, there is a makeover of a man or woman who is very unfashionable. The person who is having the makeover is given £2000/$5000 to go shopping and buy new fashionable clothes with the two hosts who give them advice. The makeover helps the person to have a better appearance and be more fashionable.

British reality television series
BBC Television programmes
Public figure

A public figure is a legal term applied in the context of defamation actions (libel and slander), as well as invasion of privacy. A public figure (such as a politician, musician, celebrity, or business leader) cannot base a lawsuit on incorrect harmful statements unless there is proof that the writer or publisher acted with malice (knowledge or reckless disregard for the truth). The burden of proof is higher in the case of a public figure.

Law
Elm

Elms are  deciduous and semi-deciduous trees, found throughout the Northern Hemisphere from Siberia to Indonesia, Mexico to Japan. They have alternate, simple, single- or doubly-serrate leaves, usually asymmetric at the base and sharply pointed at the tip.

Elms are hermaphroditic, having perfect flowers, and which, being wind-pollinated, are without petals. The fruit is a round samara.

Elms take many decades to grow to maturity.

References

Collin, E. (2001). Elm. In Teissier du Cros (Ed.) (2001) Forest Genetic Resources Management and Conservation. France as a case study. Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries, Bureau of Genetic Resources. INRA DIC. France.
Cornell University: Elm hybrids (pdf file)
Martín-Benito D., Concepción García-Vallejo M., Alberto Pajares J., López D. 2005. Triterpenes in elms in Spain. Can. J. For. Res. 35: 199–205 (2005).  
Mittempergher, L. & Santini, A. (2004) The history of elm breeding. Investigacion agraria: Sistemas y recursos forestales 13(1): 161-177 (2004).
Ware, G. (1995). Little-known elms from China: landscape tree possibilities. Journal of Arboriculture, (Nov. 1995). International Society of Arboriculture, Champaign, Illinois, USA.  .

Other websites
Northern Arizona University: Elm trials.

Trees
Ulmaceae
Elm (disambiguation)

Elm could mean:

Elms, trees of the Genus Ulmus
Elm (e-mail client)
Elm (range), a hill range in Germany
Elm, Cambridgeshire, a village in Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom
Elm, Switzerland, a village in the Canton of Glarus
Elmira-Corning Regional Airport near Elmira, NY and Corning, NY

To people:
 Professor Elm, fictional character from Pokémon
 Steven Elm, Canadian speed skater
Governor of Massachusetts

Just like the other 49 American states, Massachusetts has its own governor. The current governor is Charlie Baker. He is a member of the Republican Party. The first governor of Massachusetts was John Hancock.

Commonwealth of Massachusetts: 1780–present 
This is a complete list of governors of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts.

Acting governors, denoted as "A" instead of numbered, are included when the Governor resigned or died. Acting governors show a vacancy in the lieutenant governorship. They remain as Lieutenant Governors and merely act as governor. Lieutenant governors in Massachusetts do not ascend to the governorship upon death or resignation of their predecessor.

References

 
Lists of politicians from the United States
Politicians from Massachusetts
Produce

Produce means fruits and vegetables. At a grocery store, the area selling fruits and vegetables is usually called the produce section. Also, people use a produce scale to weigh their fruits and vegetables.

Fruits
Vegetables
Highway

Highway is a word used to describe roads made for travel by the public between important places, such as cities, towns and landmarks. The word highway can also be different between countries, and can mean a road, freeway, superhighway, autoroute, autobahn, parkway, expressway, autostrasse, autostrada, byway, or motorway.

Highways come in many different designs. They can include many lanes of traffic, a median (strip of lane or barrier) between lanes of opposing traffic, and access control (ramps and bridges). Highways can also be as simple as a two-lane road.

In many countries, these roads are numbered to easily tell them apart. These numbered highways are usually called routes. The United States includes a system called the Interstate Highway system, controlled by AASHTO, where major north/south routes are odd numbered and east/west are even numbered. In Canada, routes that are in the 400s are freeways. In China, types of routes are separated by the first letter of the route; "G" for national road, "S" for provincial road and "Y" for rural roads.

Highways are sometimes criticised because of the pollution cars make when driving highways. When too many cars travel along a highway, traffic slows down; this is known as a traffic jam. Public transportation (such as buses) and special lanes for those who have a given number of people in a car are used to help stop these problems.

Roads
London, Ontario

London, Ontario is a large city exactly halfway between Detroit, Michigan and Toronto, Ontario. It is also the home of the University of Western Ontario. With a population of 457,720 it is the seat of Middlesex County. It is an hour and a half drive from Sarnia, Ontario and an hour drive from Forest, Ontario.

Media 
CFPL CTV Two

Rogerstv

Other websites 
 About London 
 London Ontario Community Information
 Official City of London Website
 Museum of Ontario Archeology
 Local Weather 

Cities in Ontario