cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Bloomingdale Trail

Bloomingdale Trail or also known as 606  (The 606 Park and Trail) is an elevated urban trail in Chicago.  It was made by replacing elevated railroad tracks with a path for bicyclists, walkers and runners.

The trail is on Chicago's Northwest Side, at Bloomingdale Ave. (1800N), between Armitage and North. It is 2.7 miles long.  It runs east and west.  The eastern end is at Walsh Park, on Ashland Avenue (1600W).  The park's western end will be at Ridgeway Trailhead (3750W), when Phase 2 is completed.   The official opening was on June 6, 2015.   In September 2020, the City of Chicago officially renamed the trail from  Park 527 to The Bloomingdale Trail. 

The first construction phase of the 606 was completed in 2015. It was developed by the City of Chicago, the city's park district and the Trust for Public Land. The name comes from the first three digits of Chicago's ZIP Code.  "In its original state, it was the elevated Bloomingdale [train] Line, completed in 1915 along Bloomingdale Avenue...."

The trail is about 17.5 feet above street level at its highest point.  Original retaining walls are on each side.  The walls are filled with a subsoil from when the structure was first built.  The ballast and railroad ties and trackes were removed in the conversion to a trail. On top of the subsoil are other soil layers.  These were re-built as part of the conversion.  On top of the soil is an 8-inch layer of concrete.  This top layer is 14 feet wide. In the middle is a 10-foot wide section for bicyclists.  On either side is a 2-foot shoulder for runners and walkers. Beyond the shoulders are planted areas with grass, trees and lighting. At some places, there are benches A fence or railing of varying height runs along the length of the path. There are 17 ramps and one staircase along the trail.

In 2016, the American Planning Association announced that the trail would win the association's 2016 National Planning Excellence Award for Urban Design.

Since its opening, the trail has had a lot of use by walkers, runners and bicyclists.   Local alderman Brian Hopkins the second has advocated extending the trail east across the North Branch of the Chicago River.

The trail has caused the price of houses that are near it to rise.  This rise is much greater west of Western Avenue than east of that street.

Notes

Other websites
 Official site
https://forgottenchicago.com/features/the-bloomingdale-line/

Transport in Chicago
Transport infrastructure
Splatoon

is a third-person shooter video game. It was developed by Nintendo EAD Group No. 2 and published by Nintendo. The game was released on May 28, 2015 in Japan, May 29, 2015 in Europe, May 29, 2015 in North America, and on May 30, 2015 in Australia. It was released for the Wii U. In Splatoon, the player controls a character called an Inkling. They can change between human and squid forms. The object of the game is to shoot colored ink across the game's map and cover the most territory with their team's color before the match ends. By transforming into a squid, it lets players swim through their own colored ink and can even let the player swim up walls and through grates. Hiding in their own ink recharges the players’ ink supply.

Nintendo announced that a series of Splatoon Amiibo figures would be released along with the game, Boy and Girl Inklings are sold separately and a Squid figure is sold only as a bundle with either the game or the two other Amiibos. People who pre-ordered Splatoon at GameStop were given a download voucher that gave them Splatoon-themed Mii costumes to use in Super Smash Bros. For Wii U.

Reception
Splatoon was met with positive reviews. GamesRadar rated the game a 3.5 out of 5 stars. They said that the game was a refreshing take on the shooter genre but criticized some of the features like lobbies and Amibo-locked content. Destructoid rated the game 8.5. Chris Carter of Destructoid, said that "most of (the game's) shortcomings can be forgiven in my mind because of how damn fun it is."

References

Other websites
Official website

2015 video games
Nintendo Entertainment Analysis and Development games
Nintendo video games
Shooter video games
Video games developed in Japan
Wii U games
Dale D. Myers

Dale Dehaven Myers (January 8, 1922 – May 19, 2015) was an American aerospace engineer for NASA. He served as Deputy Administrator of NASA, serving between October 6, 1986 and May 13, 1989. He was well known for his work on the Apollo program.

Myers was born in Kansas City, Missouri. He graduated from the University of Washington in Seattle, Washington in 1943. He was married to Marge Myers and had two children. He lost his eye in a car accident.

Myers died on May 19, 2015 at his retirement home in La Costa, California. He was 93.

References

1922 births
2015 deaths
Aerospace engineering
Administrators of NASA
Scientists from Kansas City, Missouri
Shone An

An Jun Can (; 20 September 1983 – 1 June 2015), better known as Shone An, was a Taiwanese singer and actor. From 2002 until 2005, he was a member of the mandopop boy band Comic Boyz. He also appeared in many movie, television and theatre productions such as Case Sensitive (2011), Rhapsody of Marriage (2012) and Turn Around (2014). He was also a guest host on 100% Entertainment. He was born in Tainan.

Shone An died from liver cancer on 1 June 2015 in Tainan, aged 31.

References

1983 births
2015 deaths
Deaths from liver cancer
Taiwanese movie actors
Pop singers
Stage actors
Taiwanese actors
Taiwanese singers
Taiwanese television actors
Weddell seal

The Weddell seal (Leptonychotes weddellii) is a seal that is common in Antarctica. It is named after James Weddell, who discovered it. Estimations are that there are half a million to a million of these animals left, which makes it the most common seal in Antarctica, after the Crabeater seal. During the winter, most Weddel seals do not migrate northwards. Instead, they keep open a hole in the ice, by gnawing it with their teeth.

Notes

Pinnipeds
Joan Kirner

Joan Elizabeth Kirner  (née Hood; 20 June 1938 – 1 June 2015) was an Australian politician, educator and activist. She was a Labor Party member of the Parliament of Victoria from 1982 to 1994. She was the 42nd Premier of Victoria, serving from 10 August 1990 until 6 October 1992. She was also the 21st Deputy Premier of Victoria from 7 February 1989 until 10 August 1990, and Leader of the Opposition of Victoria from 6 October 1992 until March 1993.

Kirner was born in Essendon, Melbourne. She was married to Ronald George Kirner and had three children.

Kirner died from oesophageal cancer on 1 June 2015 in Melbourne, aged 76.

References

1938 births
2015 deaths
Australian activists
Australian educators
Australian Labor Party politicians
Cancer deaths in Victoria (Australia)
Deaths from esophageal cancer
Politicians from Melbourne
Premiers of Victoria

Companions of the Order of Australia
Sherborne

Sherborne is a market town in northwest Dorset, in South West England. It is on the River Yeo,  east of Yeovil. The A30 road, which goes from London to Penzance, runs through the town. 

The population of Sherborne parish was 9,523 in the 2011 census. 28.7% of the population is aged 65 or older.

Places
Sherborne is best known for Sherborne Abbey, a historical building. It was a Saxon cathedral from the years 705–1075. It was a Benedictine abbey from the years 998–1539. Now it is a local church. 

Sherborne also has two castles. One is ruins of a 12th century fortified palace.The second is a 16th century mansion named Sherborne Castle. It was built by Sir Walter Raleigh. Much of the old town is built from ochre-coloured stone. These include the abbey and many medieval and Georgian era buildings.

References

Other websites
 town website

Towns in Dorset
West Dorset
Rational root theorem

The Rational root theorem  (or rational zero theorem) is a proven idea in mathematics. It says that if the coefficients of a polynomial are integers, then one can find all of the possible rational roots by dividing each factor of the constant term by each factor of the leading coefficient. [1][2]

Think about this polynomial:
anxn + an-1xn-1 + an-2xn-2 + … + a0

All of the possible rational roots are these: ±factors of a0 / ±factors of an

This only finds the rational roots. There may be imaginary roots. Other theorems, such as Descartes’ rule of signs, help find how many imaginary roots there are for a given equation. [1]

Example 
Think about this polynomial: 15x4 + 2x3 – 10x2 + x – 8

Factors of the leading coefficient are: 15: ±1,±3,±5,±15

Factors of the constant are: -8: ±1,±2,±4,±8

Possible rational roots are: ±1/1, ±2/1, ±4/1, ±8/1, ±1/3, ±2/3, ±4/3, ±8/3, ±1/5, ±2/5, ±4/5, ±8/5, ±1/15, ±2/15, ±4/15, ±8/15

References 
Larson, Ron. Algebra 2. Evanston, IL: McDougal Littell, 2007. Print.
Phillip S. Jones, Jack D. Bedient: The historical roots of elementary mathematics. Dover 	Courier Publications 1998, , pp. 116–117

Algebra
Mathematical theorems
Yaroslavl

Yaroslavl is a Russian city on the Volga River, the capital and the largest city of Yaroslavl oblast. It was founded in 1010. It is one of the largest cities in Russia. The city's centre is a World Heritage Site. It is one of the Golden Ring cities, a group of historic cities northeast of Moscow.

Related pages 
 List of cities and towns in Russia

References

Capital cities in Russia
Lhasa

Lhasa (; ) is a city in Tibet. It is one of the highest cities in the world. It has many Tibetan Buddhist sites such as the Potala Palace, Jokhang and Norbulingka.

References

Cities in China
Tibet
Qingdao

Qingdao is a Chinese city. It is an important seaport. The Tsingtao Brewery is the country's second largest brewery.

Cities in China
Nearest-neighbor interpolation

Interpolation is a process which constructs a continuous function from a set of points. In nearest-neighbor interpolation, the idea is to use the value of the data point or measurement which is closest to the current point. The method is also known as proximal interpolation or, point sampling.

Mathematical approximation
Battlefield Hardline

Battlefield Hardline is a first-person shooter video game. It is published by Electronic Arts. It was released in March 2015 for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 3, PlayStation 4, Xbox 360 and Xbox One. Unlike the earlier games in the Battlefield series, Hardline is about crime, heist and police force, instead of military warfare.

Gameplay 
Battlefield Hardline focuses on a different aspect of the first person shooter than the other games in its series while Battlefield 2,3, and 4 focus on the American and Russian military, Battlefield Hardline now focuses on the war on crime in America. The new game now features two different teams with cops and criminals. Both sides now receive guns and gadgets specific to their team. So while the criminal would get an AKM the cops will get a M16A3.

The game features a bunch of new game modes and a bunch of different maps.

New maps

Dustbowl
A small hillbilly-like town focused around one big house in the middle of the map that is secretly a meth lab.

Downtown
A big open downtown city of Miami; this map has many open streets and tall skyscrapers.

Grow house
A big warehouse that has a secret underground marijuana farm that police are trying to seize.

Bank job
A map representing the average bank which criminals try to rob. The map also consists of a parking garage and a few local stores.

Everglades
A map that is centered around a swamp and an oil refinery.

Riptide
A map focused on a big mansion which is on an island surrounded by ocean.

Hollywood Heights
A map focused on a giant mansion which criminals are trying to loot.

The Block
A map centered around an apartment complex in a ghetto neighborhood.

Classes
The game features 4 classes; operator, mechanic, enforcer and professional. Each are good in their own areas.

Operator
A class whose primary weapons are assault rifles and carbines. Its secondary weapons consists of nine millimeter pistols. Its role in the game is as the medic of the team with gadgets like the medic bag to heal hurt teammates and the revive gadgets to bring dead teammates back to life. This class does especially well at medium to short range. The most notable weapons for this class are the M16A3, M416, AKM, and the G17.

Mechanic
A class whose primary weapons are sub-machine guns. Secondary weapons are revolvers. Its role in the game is to destroy enemy vehicles and heal friendly vehicles. It has gadgets such as the grenade launcher to hurt enemy cars and the repair tool to heal friendly cars. The mechanic works best at close range. The most notable weapons for the mechanic are the K10, MPX, and the .357 RS.

References 
 

Battlefield video games
Video games developed in Sweden
Bodrum Castle

Bodrum Castle (), formerly the Castle of St. Peter, is located in southwest Turkey in the port city of Bodrum (), was built from 1402 onwards, by the Knights Hospitaller as the Castle of St. Peter or Petronium. The castle was completed in 1522. It was used as a jail in 19th century. There are 5 towers of Bodrum Castle.

History 

The headquarters of the Knights Hospitaller were on the island of Rhodes. In 1402 their fortifications at İzmir fell to the Mongols under Tamerlane. Threatened by an invasion of the Seljuks they built the castle at Bodrum. Its location was the site of a fortification during the Doric Greek period. There was also a small Seljuk castle in the 11th century. The same promontory is also the probable site of the palace of Mausolos. He was the king of Caria. The construction of the castle began in 1404. It was fully fortified by 1460. Bodrum came under its final siege in 1522. At the time it was still strong enough to send men to Rhodes. After Rhodes fell, the castle surrendered.

Museum of Underwater Archaeology 
The Museum of Underwater Archaeology is housed inside the castle. One of its displays is one of the world's oldest ships believed to come from the 6th century. Another is called the glass shipwreck due to the large number of bottles it was carrying.

Bibliography 
Bodream, Jean-Pierre Thiollet, Anagramme Ed., 2010.

References

Other websites 

 Bodrum Castle

Buildings and structures in Turkey
Sharsheret (organization)

Sharsheret (Hebrew for “chain") is a national not-for-profit organization. It was created to support young Jewish women with breast cancer, or their families. It was founded by Rochelle Shoretz in 2001. Their headquarter is in Teaneck, New Jersey.

Other websites
Sharsheret Homepage

Non-profit organizations of the United States
2001 establishments in the United States
New Jersey
Nobutaka Machimura

was a Japanese politician. He was a member of the House of Representatives of Japan and a member of the Liberal Democratic Party. 

He was  Chief Cabinet Secretary in the government of Prime Minister Yasuo Fukuda from 2007 to 2008 and twice Minister for Foreign Affairs, in the cabinets of Junichiro Koizumi and Shinzō Abe. He resigned as the Speaker of the House of Representatives on April 21, 2015 after suffering from a stroke.

Machimure died from a cerebral infarction in Tokyo, aged 70.

References

1944 births
2015 deaths
Deaths from cerebral infarction
Speakers of the House of Representatives (Japan)
People from Shizuoka Prefecture
Monte Irvin

Monford Merrill "Monte" Irvin (February 25, 1919 – January 11, 2016) was a former left fielder and right fielder in the Negro leagues and Major League Baseball (MLB).

He played with the Newark Eagles (1938–42, 46-48), New York Giants (1949–55) and Chicago Cubs (1956). He grew up in New Jersey and was a standout football player at Lincoln University. Irvin left Lincoln to spend several seasons in Negro league baseball. His career was interrupted by military service from 1943 to 1945.

Irvin died at his home in Houston, Texas from natural causes on January 11, 2016 at the age of 96.

References

Other websites

St. Petersburg Times  - Profile
cmgww.com - Official website
legacymemorybank.org  - Monte Irvin interview on Martin Luther King, Jr.

1919 births
2016 deaths
African-American baseball players
Chicago Cubs players
Deaths from natural causes
New York Giants players
Sportspeople from Alabama
Sportspeople from New Jersey
Boyd K. Packer

Boyd Kenneth Packer (September 10, 1924 – July 3, 2015) was an American religious leader and former educator. He was the president of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church).

Packer was born in Brigham City, Utah. He studied at Utah State University and at Brigham Young University. Packer was married to Donna Smith. They had ten children.

He served as Acting President of the Quorum of the Twelve from 1994 to 2008, and was an apostle and member of the Quorum of the Twelve from April 1970 until his death in July 2015.

Packer has served as a general authority of the church since 1961. Before his death, he was the second most senior apostle among the ranks of the church.

Packer died of natural causes at his home in Cottonwood Heights, Utah, aged 90.

References

Other websites

Boyd K. Packer, official church profile.
Boyd K. Packer, Mormon Newsroom Leader Biographies.
Boyd K. Packer , Church News
Boyd K. Packer, Boyd K. Packer, Grampa Bill's G.A. (General Authority) Pages.
Boyd K. Packer Boyd K. Packer, Special Witnesses of Christ, LDS.org

1924 births
2015 deaths
Deaths from natural causes
American Christians
Christian religious leaders
Businesspeople from Utah
Russell M. Nelson

Russell Marion Nelson (born September 9, 1924) is the 17th and current President of the The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) upon replacing Thomas S. Monson in January 2018. He was a member of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles of the LDS Church. He is also a known cardiothoracic surgeon. 

Currently, he is the oldest living apostle in the Church. In July 3, 2015, following the death of President Boyd K. Packer, Nelson became President of the Quorum.

References

1924 births
Living people
American Latter Day Saints
Christian religious leaders
Businesspeople from Salt Lake City, Utah
Dallin H. Oaks

Dallin Harris Oaks (born August 12, 1932) is an American attorney, jurist, author, professor, public speaker, and religious leader. Since 1984, he has been a member of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church).

He was president of Brigham Young University (BYU), a professor of law at the University of Chicago Law School and a justice of the Utah Supreme Court. Throughout the 1970s and 1980s, Oaks was considered by Republican U.S. presidential administrations to be part of the United States Supreme Court. Currently, he is the second most senior apostle in the church.

In January 2018, Oaks became President of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles after Russell M. Nelson became President of the LDS Church.

Other websites
Dallin H. Oaks, official church biography.
Dallin H. Oaks, Mormon Newsroom Leader Biographies.
Dallin H. Oaks, short biography.
Dallin H. Oaks , Dallin H. Oaks, BYU President
Dallin H. Oaks, Grampa Bill's G.A. (General Authority) Pages.

1932 births
Living people
Educators from Utah
American judges
American Latter Day Saints
Businesspeople from Utah
Christian religious leaders
People from Provo, Utah
Writers from Utah
M. Russell Ballard

Melvin Russell Ballard, Jr. (born October 8, 1928) has been a member of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) since 1985.  As a member of the Quorum of the Twelve, Ballard is accepted by church members as a prophet, seer, and revelator. He is the fifth most senior apostle among the ranks of the church.

References

"Elder Melvin Russell Ballard, Jr., Of the First Quorum of the Seventy", Ensign, May 1976

Other websites
"General Authorities: Elder M. Russell Ballard", lds.org
Grampa Bill's G.A. Pages: M. Russell Ballard
Newsroom of LDS Church

1928 births
Living people
American Latter Day Saints
Christian religious leaders
People from Salt Lake City, Utah
Robert D. Hales

Robert Dean Hales (August 24, 1932 – October 1, 2017) was a member of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). As a member of the Quorum of the Twelve, Hales was accepted by the church as a prophet, seer, and revelator. He was the seventh most senior apostle among the ranks of the church. He was born in New York City.

Hales died on October 1, 2017 at a hospital in Salt Lake City, Utah at the age of 85.

Notes

References
 
 
"Elder Robert Dean Hales: Assistant to the Council of the Twelve", Ensign, May 1975

Other websites
"General Authorities: Elder Robert D. Hales", lds.org
 Grampa Bill's G.A. Pages: Robert D. Hales
Hales on Special Witnesses of Christ

1932 births
2017 deaths
American Christians
Christian religious leaders
People from New York City
People from Salt Lake City, Utah
Richard G. Scott

Richard Gordon Scott (November 7, 1928 – September 22, 2015) was an American nuclear engineer and a member of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). He was the sixth most senior apostle among the ranks of the church.

Other websites
"General Authorities: Elder Richard G. Scott", lds.org
Grampa Bill's G.A. Pages: Richard G. Scott

1928 births
2015 deaths
American Christians
Christian religious leaders
Scientists from Idaho
Scientists from Washington, D.C.
Teaneck, New Jersey

Teaneck  is a township in Bergen County, New Jersey, United States. It is a suburb in the New York metropolitan area. As of the 2010 United States Census, the township's population was 39,776.

Townships in New Jersey
Michael Alfred Peszke

Michael Alfred Peszke (19 December 1932 – 17 May 2015) was a Polish-American psychiatrist and historian of the Polish Armed Forces in World War II. He published several monographs on the Polish Armed Forces in the West between the 1990s and 2010s.

Peszke was born in Dęblin, the son of Alfred Bartłomiej Peszke. After the outbreak of World War II and the Nazi and Soviet invasion of Poland, he and his parents evacuated to France and the United Kingdom. He was also educated in Ireland. He later moved to the United States in the 1950s. He was married to Alice and had two children.

Peszke died on 17 May 2015 in Wakefield, Rhode Island. He was 83.

References

1932 births
2015 deaths
Naturalized citizens of the United States
American historians
Polish writers
American psychiatrists
Writers from Rhode Island
Tubo-ovarian abscess

A tubo-ovarian abscess is an infection of the female ovary and fallopian tube. It is a pus-filled ovary and Fallopian tube that is filled with infection.  This type of abscess is caused by an untreated sexually transmitted disease. It can be a complication after surgery to remove the uterus.

When a woman has this abcess, she has a fever, signs of infection in her blood, severe pain in her pelvic area.  She may also have a vaginal discharge. Many different kinds of bacteria can cause tubo-ovarian abscess. Tubo-ovarian abscess is rare in virgins.

Symptoms and causes 
The symptoms of tubo-ovarian abscess are the same as pelvic inflammatory disease.  The abscess can be seen with x-rays and other medical equipment.  The bacteria that cause gonorrhea can cause tubo-ovarian abscess.  The microorganism that causes a Chlamidia infection can cause tubo-ovarian abscess. Other bacteria can cause tubo-ovarian abscess Using an IUD for a long time can cause TOA.

The abcess can rupture filling the abdomen with the infection.  This is an emergency and a woman can die if this ruptured abscess is not treated quickly. A blood infection can happen if the abscess is not treated.  Sometimes an inter uteran device, a form of birth control can cause the abcess.

Prevention and treatment
Some things make a woman more likely to get this disease.  These things are: sexual activity, increased age, IUD insertion, chlamydia infection, bacterial infection, sexually transmitted disease.  This disease is cured by treatment with medicine that will kill the bacteria that are causing the infection.  Some doctors will use intravenous antibiotics for least 24 hours.  Some women with this infection have to go to the hospital. Sometimes surgery has to be done.  After being in the hospital, medicine can be taken by mouth that will continue to cure the infection.   Patients are checked by a doctor three days after being in the hospital.  They then get another check up one to two weeks later to make sure that the infection is cured.

Complications 
Sometimes this infection is complicated.  In some cases the ovary and fallopian tubes have to be taken out. Without ovaries or Fallopian tubes a woman may not be able to have a baby.  There are other things that can happen during surgery that result in a bad outcome. But this is true for all surgeries.

How many women are affected 
One million women get tubo-ovarian abscess every year.

References 

Diseases caused by bacteria
Diseases and disorders of the female reproductive system
Sexually transmitted diseases
Grand Bazaar

The Grand Bazaar (, meaning ‘Grand Bazaar’) in Istanbul, Turkey is one of the largest and oldest covered markets in the world. It has 61 covered streets. There are more than 3,000 shops. As of 2014, there were no official statistics about the number of shops in the Bazaar. But it varies between 3,000 and 4,000. The bazaar attracts between 250,000 and 400,000 visitors daily. In 2013, it is listed as number one among the world's most-visited tourist attractions with 91,250,000 annual visitors.

The bazaar was built in Ottoman times by Mehmet the Conquerer. It was grown by Suleiman the Magnificent. The Grand Bazaar occupies . There were hammams, inns, mosques and fountains in bazaar.
 
The Grand Bazaar is located inside the walled city of Istanbul. It is in the district of Fatih, in the neighbourhood bearing the same name, ().

References 

Istanbul
Retail markets
Geraldine Chaplin

Geraldine Leigh Chaplin (born 31 July 1944) is an American-born British actress. She is the daughter of Charlie Chaplin and Oona O'Neill.

She is best known for her 1965 Golden Globe nominated role of Tonya in David Lean's movie, Doctor Zhivago.  She received her second Golden Globe nomination for Robert Altman's Nashville in 1975.  She also acted in his other movies, Buffalo Bill and the Indians, or Sitting Bull's History Lesson in 1976 and A Wedding in 1978. 

She received a BAFTA nomination for her role in Welcome to L.A. in 1976. She played her grandmother, Hannah Chaplin in the movie, Chaplin in 1992 and received her third Golden Globe nomination. She has also acted in The Age of Innocence in 1993, Home for the Holidays in 1995, and Jane Eyre in 1996.

Career 
When Chaplin was eight years old, she acted in her father's movie Limelight. She studied at the Royal Ballet School, in hopes of becoming a ballet dancer.  When that did not work out, she became an actress instead.

David Lean chose her to play Tonya, the wife of the leading role, in his movie Doctor Zhivago.  In an interview about the movie, she said "Because of my name, the right doors opened."

In 1967, she acted in a famous play in the Broadway theatre, Lillian Hellman's The Little Foxes. Her performance was praised in a review in The New York Times. Cliff Barnes wrote that Chaplin "acts with spirit and force," all the while "acting with a magnificently raw-voiced sincerity" in what was a performance of "surprising power."

Chaplin has also acted in several Spanish and French films. She received a Goya Award for Best Supporting Actress for her role in a Spanish-Argentine movie, In the City Without Limits in 2001.

In 2018, she starred as Iris in Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom.

Personal life 
Geraldine Chaplin was born in Santa Monica, California. She was the fourth child of the movie star Charlie Chaplin. She was the first of his eight children with his fourth and last wife, Oona O'Neill.  Her grandfather was the Nobel Prize and Pulitzer Prize winning American playwright Eugene O'Neill. When Geraldine was eight years old, the family moved to Switzerland, where she went to school. This is where she learned to speak both French and Spanish. 

In 1978 the Chaplin family were the victims of a plot by kidnappers who had stolen the body of Charlie Chaplin for ransom. Geraldine negotiated with the kidnappers, who threatened to shoot her baby son in the knees.

After living in Spain for over 25 years, Chaplin left in 1992 because of personal difficulties. She moved back to her family home in Vevey, Switzerland. 
She married Patricio Castilla in 2006. She has two children and a godson:  She has a home beside the beach in Miami and also spends time living in Madrid and Switzerland.

References

Other websites 

Geraldine Chaplin at the Internet Broadway Database
Geraldine Chaplin at AllMovie

1944 births
Living people
American movie actors
Actors from Santa Monica, California
Santiago del Estero

Santiago del Estero is the capital of the Santiago del Estero Province in northern Argentina. It is at a distance of  north-northwest from Buenos Aires.

Francisco de Aguirre founded the city in its present location on 23 December 1553; he named the city Santiago after Saint James and Estero because it was close to a lagoon near the Dulce river.

Geography
The city is along the Dulce river in a region with esteros (wetlands). The altitude of the city is  above sea level.

Santiago del Estero has an area of  and a population of 252,192, in 2010, for a population density of  inhabitants/km2.

Climate 
Santiago del Estero has an arid climate, subtype Bsh in the Köppen climate classification.

The average temperature for the year in Santiago del Estero is . The warmest month, on average, is January with an average temperature of . The coolest month on average is June, with an average temperature of .

The average amount of precipitation for the year in Santiago del Estero is . The month with the most precipitation on average is January with  of precipitation. The month with the least precipitation on average is July with an average of .

Places of interest 
Some interesting places in San Miguel de Tucumán are:
 Plaza Independencia ("Independence square")
 Casa de Gobierno de Tucumán ("Tucumán Government Palace")
 Catedral de San Miguel de Tucumán ("San Miguel de Tucumán cathedral")
 Basilica of San Francisco ("Saint Francis Basilica")
 Casa de Tucumán ("Tucumán House" or "Independence House")

Twin towns 
Santiago del Estero is twinned with:
  Suzhou, China
  Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia
  Tarija, Bolivia
  Hama, Syria
  Copiapó, Chile
  Talavera de la Reina, Spain

Gallery

References

Other websites

 Municipality of Santiago del Estero  
 Santiago del Estero Province Official Website 

Cities in Argentina
Capitals of Argentine provinces
1550s establishments in South America
16th-century establishments in Argentina
1553 establishments
Nicholas Liverpool

Nicholas Joseph Orville Liverpool (9 September 1934 – 1 June 2015) was a Dominican politician and jurist. He was the sixth President of Dominica, from 2 October 2003 to 17 September 2012.

Liverpool died on 1 June 2015 in Miami, Florida from a heart attack, where he was receiving medical treatment, aged 80.

References

Other websites
Official site of the President's Office, Commonwealth of Dominica

1934 births
2015 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Presidents of Dominica
Lucien Bouchard

Lucien Bouchard  (; born December 22, 1938) is a Canada lawyer, diplomat, politician and former Minister of the Environment of the Canadian Federal Government.

He was the founder of the Bloc Québécois, Leader of the Opposition in the Canadian House of Commons from 1993 to 1996. He served as the 27th Premier of Quebec from January 29, 1996, to March 8, 2001.

He became a central figure for the "Yes" side in the 1995 Quebec referendum. He is a recipient of the title of Commander of the Légion d'Honneur.

Bouchard was born in Saint-Cœur-de-Marie, Québec. He was the son of Alice (née Simard) and Philippe Bouchard. He studied at Université Laval. Bouchard married Solange Dugas in May 2013.

References

Other websites

1938 births
Living people
Premiers of Quebec
Privy Councillors (Canada)
Leaders of the Opposition (Canada)
Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Quebec
Winterset, Iowa

Winterset is a city in Madison County, Iowa, United States. The population was 5,190 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Madison County.
Winterset is part of the Des Moines − West Des Moines Metropolitan Statistical Area. Winterset is the birthplace of actor John Wayne.

References

Cities in Iowa
County seats in Iowa
Stuart Whitman

Stuart Maxwell Whitman (February 1, 1928 – March 16, 2020) was an American actor. He is known for playing Marshall Jim Crown in the television Western Cimarron Strip, co-starred with John Wayne in The Comancheros and received top billing in the extravagant aviation epic Those Magnificent Men in Their Flying Machines

References

Other websites
 
 
 

1928 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from skin cancer
Cancer deaths in California
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
Actors from San Francisco
Alberto De Martino

Alberto De Martino (12 June 1929 – 2 June 2015) was an Italian movie director and screenwriter. He was born in Rome, Italy. He was known for his movies O.K. Connery, Holocaust 2000, and The Pumaman.

References

Other websites

1929 births
2015 deaths
Italian movie directors
Italian screenwriters
Writers from Rome
Jean Ritchie

Jean Ritchie (December 8, 1922 – June 1, 2015) was an American folk music singer, songwriter, and Appalachian dulcimer player. Elektra records signed her and released three albums: Jean Ritchie Sings (1952), Songs of Her Kentucky Mountain Family (1957) and A Time for Singing (1962). Ritchie was born in Viper, Kentucky.

Ritchie died in Berea, Kentucky, aged 92.

Other websites
 Live 1976 recording of Ritchie performing "Nottamun Town" from the Florida Folklife Collection (made available for public use by the State Archives of Florida)
 Photographs of Jean Ritchie while artist in residence at UC Santa Cruz in 1978, from the UC Santa Cruz Library's Digital Collections
 Videos on Woodsongs Archive 

1922 births
2015 deaths
American folk singers
American singer-songwriters
Singers from Kentucky
Irwin Rose

Irwin A. Rose (July 16, 1926 – June 2, 2015) was an American biologist. He was awarded the 2004 Nobel Prize in Chemistry, along with Aaron Ciechanover and Avram Hershko, for the discovery of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation.

Rose was born in Brooklyn, New York to a Jewish family. He was married to Zelda Budenstein and had four children.

Rose died on June 2, 2015 in Deerfield, Massachusetts, aged 88.

References 

1926 births
2015 deaths
American biologists
American military personnel of World War II
American Nobel Prize winners
Jewish American academics
Jewish American scientists
Jewish Nobel Prize winners
People from Brooklyn
People from Spokane, Washington
Scientists from New York City
Scientists from Washington
Educators from New York City
Educators from Washington
First Dynasty of Egypt

The First Dynasty of ancient Egypt were the first group of Egyptian kings to rule over a united country. It began when Upper and Lower Egypt were joined as a single country, probably by Narmer. It is the beginning of the Early Dynastic Period of Egypt. At this time Thinis was the centre of power.

Historians argue about the dates of the First Dynasty which was part of the Early Bronze Age. They use a number of different ways to decide on the dates for events in Egypt. It began sometime between 3400 and 3000 BC. In 2013 radiocarbon dating showed that Hor-Aha began ruling between 3218–3035 BC.

Rulers
Known rulers of the First Dynasty:

Information about the First Dynasty comes from monuments and other objects with royal names. The most important are the Narmer palette, the Narmer Macehead and the Den and Qa'a king lists. No details of the dynasty have been found except for brief entry on the Palermo Stone. Manetho's book, Aegyptiaca is different to the archeological evidence and other historical records. Manetho names nine rulers of the First Dynasty, but only one name matches the other sources. He only has information for four of them. The hieroglyphs were fully developed and would be used with little change for more than 3000 years.

Large tombs for pharaohs have been found at Abydos and Naqada. There are also cemeteries at Saqqara and Helwan near Memphis. These had buildings of wood and mud bricks, with some small use of stone for walls and floors. Stone was used for making ornaments, vessels, and sometimes for statues. Tamarix – tamarisk, salt cedar was used to build boats such as the Abydos Boats. They invented the ﬁxed Mortise and tenon joint. A ﬁxed tenon was made by shaping the end of one timber to ﬁt into a mortise (hole) that is cut into a second timber. A variation of this joint, using a free tenon, became one of the most important features in Mediterranean and Egyptian shipbuilding. It joined two pieces of wood by putting a separate tenon into a hole (mortise) of the same size cut into each piece.

Human sacrifice
Human sacrifice was part of the burials for all the pharaohs of the First Dynasty.  Servants were buried near each pharaoh's tomb, as well as animals. There are 338 people buried at the tomb of Djer.  The people and animals sacrificed, such as donkeys, would help the pharaoh in the afterlife. For unknown reasons, this practice ended with this dynasty. Later burials had shabtis (small figures like dolls) taking the place of actual people.

References

Bibliography
Kuhrt, Amélie. The Ancient Near East: c. 3000–330 BC, Routledge, 1995, London,  isbn = 978-0-415-01353-6
Chapakot Municipality

Chapakot is a municipality in the southeastern part of Syangja District in the Gandaki Zone of central Nepal. It is in the western region of Nepal. On 18 May 2014, the new municipality was formed by merging three existing villages. These were Ratnapur, Kuwakot and Chapakot. The office of the new municipality is the former Chapakot village development committee (VDC).

At the time of the 2011 Nepal census, Chapakot village had a population of 4,702. It had 1087 individual households. But now the total population is 12,742.  There are now 2,902 individual households. It is on a plain surrounded by hills. To the east of Chapakot was Ratnapur VDC. To the west was Kuwakot VDC. The Kali Gandaki divides it from Palpa District to the south.  To the north is Keware Bhanjyang.

References

Other websites
Chapakot Municipality

Subdivisions of Nepal
The Next Step (2013 TV series)

The Next Step is a TV Program about a dance studio. It is filmed in Canada.

References

Other websites 
 
 

2010s Canadian television series
2010s children's television series
English-language television programs
Black-headed parrot

The black-headed parrot is Pionites melanocephalus. It lives in forests, most often in humid places, and nearby wooded habitats. They are known as 'caiques'.

The bird is widespread in South America, and has two subspecies which are very similar. It lives north of the Amazon River and west of the Ucayali River in Brazil, northern Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela. It is quite common and lives in many protected areas.

They are usually in pairs or small noisy groups of 10 to 30. They eat flowers, fruit, and seeds and possibly insects. Males and females look the same: they have identical plumage.

References 

True parrots
Oliver Wallace

Oliver George Wallace (August 6, 1887 – September 15, 1963) was an English-born American composer and conductor. He scored 139 animated short movies for Walt Disney Studios. He also wrote scores for several Disney documentaries, and feature movies. Wallace worked for Disney studios for 27 years. He died in a Burbank, California hospital on September, 15, 1963. 

In 1941 Wallace won an Oscar for scoring the music for the animated movie Dumbo. In 2008 he was honored with a Disney Legends award.

References

Other websites
 

1887 births
1963 deaths
English composers
Movie score composers
Musicians from London
Disney people
Vaginal flora

Vaginal flora or microbiota are tiny microorganisms that are part of the healthy reproductive organs in a woman. Humans have many very small organisms that are a normal part of the human body.  These microorgansims can only be seen with a microscope.  These organisms are bacteria and fungi.  Almost all of them do not cause sickness, but it is still normal to have them inside or outside the body.  

These small microorganisms are called microbiota by researchers.  There are microbiota in the stomach, the skin, the mouth, the eyes, and microbiota in the vagina.  The microbiota in humans help to stop infections caused by other bacteria.  Vaginal microbiota help keep the vagina healthy. They help prevent infection caused other bacteria.  Bacteria that cause sickness or infection are called pathogens. The normal vaginal microbiota stop pathogens from growing.

When a woman sees a doctor because she has fluid coming out of her vagina, the doctor might test the woman for bacteria pathogens.  Pathogens can grow too fast.  They can grow faster than the normal and healthy vaginal microbiota.  An infection can make fluid come out of the vagina.  This is called vaginal discharge.  A good and healthy bacteria that keeps the vagina free from sickness is called Lactobacillus.  There other good bacteria that keep the vagina healthy.  Some of their names are: Peptostreptococcus, Propionibacterium, and Actinomyces.

If a woman catches a sexually transmitted disease, it will change the vaginal microbiota.  The healthy vaginal microbiota can not stop or cure a sexually transmitted infection.

Related pages 
Vagina

References

Female reproductive system
Bacteria
Microbiology
Health problems
Alexander Gould

Alexander Jerome Gould (born May 4, 1994) is an American actor and voice actor. He is best known for voicing Nemo in Finding Nemo, Twitch in How to Eat Fried Worms and Shane Botwin in Weeds.

Early life
He was born in Los Angeles, California on May 4, 1994. His parents are Tom Gould and Valerie Gould. He has two sisters, Emma Gould, and Kelly Gould. Both are also actors. Gould has been an actor since the age of two. He had roles in the Television Series' Malcolm in the Middle and Ally McBeal. He voiced the title character, Nemo, in the animated movie Finding Nemo. He also starred in How to Eat Fried Worms. He received a Young Artist Award for each.  He won his third Young Artist Award in the Showtime series Weeds.

References

Other websites

1994 births
Living people
American child actors
Actors from Los Angeles
Fernando de Araújo (East Timorese politician)

Fernando de Araújo (26 February 1963 – 2 June 2015) was an East Timorese politician. He was the President of the National Parliament from 8 August 2007 until 30 July 2012. He also served as the acting President of East Timor from 13 February until 17 April 2008.

Araújo was born in Manutaci, Ainaro District, in what was then Portuguese Timor. At the age of 12, he witnessed all 18 members of his family massacred by the Indonesian Army. He studied literature in Bali, Indonesia. He was married to Jacqueline Aquino Siapno of Dagupan City, Philippines.

Araújo died from a cerebral infarction on 2 June 2015 in Dili, aged 52.

References

1963 births
2015 deaths
Deaths from cerebral infarction
Presidents of East Timor
Kirill Pokrovsky

Kirill Vladimirovich Pokrovsky (; 25 March 1962 – 1 June 2015) was a Russian composer and performer. He wrote the soundtrack for the Divinity series of video games produced by Larian Studios. He was born in Moscow.

Pokrovsky died on 1 June 2015 in Belgium, aged 53.

References

Other websites
 

1962 births
2015 deaths
Musicians from Moscow
Russian composers
Russian singers
Slim Richey

Michael "Slim" Richey (February 11, 1938 – May 31, 2015) was an American guitarist, fiddle player, bandleader and publisher. He was known for his long white beard and electric guitar style on jazz, swing and country music. He called himself "the most dangerous guitar player in Texas". He began his career in 1960 and worked with artists such as Kat Edmonson, the Jazz Pharoahs, and the Jitterbug Vipers. He was born in Austin, Texas.

Richey died from lymphoma on May 31, 2015 in Austin, aged 77.

References

1938 births
2015 deaths
Country musicians from Texas
American guitarists
American jazz musicians
Cancer deaths in Texas
Deaths from lymphoma
Fiddlers
Musicians from Austin, Texas
Gerald Götting

Gerald Götting (9 June 1923 – 19 May 2015) was a German politician. He was the East German President of the People's Chamber from 12 May 1969 until 29 October 1976.

Götting was born in Nietleben, Province of Saxony, now part of Halle, Saxony-Anhalt. During World War II, he served in the Reichsarbeitsdienst and later in the Wehrmacht. He was briefly held as a prisoner of war by U.S. forces in 1945.

Götting died after a long illness on 19 May 2015 in Berlin, aged 91.

References

1923 births
2015 deaths
Disease-related deaths in Germany
German military personnel of World War II
Members of the Volkskammer
People from Halle, Saxony-Anhalt
Politicians from Saxony-Anhalt
Alan Bond (businessman)

Alan Bond (22 April 1938 – 5 June 2015) was a British-born Australian businessman.

Bond was known for his role in the WA Inc scandals of the 1980s. He was also known for bankrolling challenges for the yachting trophy the America's Cup. Because of this he won the Australian of the Year in 1978, along with Galarrwuy Yunupingu. He finally won the trophy in 1983, which had been held by the New York Yacht Club since 1851. In 1987, he paid $1 billion for the Nine television network from Kerry Packer's PBL, before selling the network back to PBL in 1990 for $250 million. In 1997, he was sentenced to seven years in prison for fraud, and was released in 2000.

Bond was born in Hammersmith, London, England. He moved to Western Australia in 1950 at the age of 12. He was married to Eileen Hughes from 1955 until their divorce in 1992. He was later married to Diana Bliss from 1995 until her suicide in 2012. He had  four children.

Bond suffered issues after open heart surgery and was put into an induced coma on 2 June 2015 at a Perth hospital. Bond died on 5 June 2015 after surgical complications at the age of 77.

References

1938 births
2015 deaths
Australian businesspeople
Australian Christians
Australian criminals
Australian of the Year Award winners
Criminals from London
Deaths from surgical complications
Fraudsters
Order of Australia
People from Perth, Western Australia
Roman Catholics
Sailors
Bill Shorten

William Richard "Bill" Shorten (born 12 May 1967) is an Australian politician. He was been the Leader of the Labor Party and Leader of the Opposition since 13 October 2013.

Shorten was born in Melbourne, Victoria. He is of English and Irish ancestry. He has been married twice and has a daughter. He is a Catholic.

Shorten lost to become Prime Minister of Australia in the 2016 federal election to Malcolm Turnbull and again in the 2019 election to Scott Morrison. After his 2019 defeat, Shorten said he would step down as party leader. He was replaced by Anthony Albanese.

References

Other websites

 

1967 births
Living people
Australian lawyers
Government ministers of Australia
Members of the Australian Senate
Politicians from Melbourne
Bashi Channel

The Bashi Channel is a waterway between Taiwan and the Philippines. It is part of the Luzon Strait in the Pacific Ocean. It lies between Y'Ami Island of the Philippines and Orchid Island of Taiwan. The Philippines call Orchrid Island Botel Tobago. Many undersea cables use this channel. It is also important for military operations. Both Taiwan and the Philippines say the channel belongs to them.

Geography of Taiwan
Geography of the Philippines
Undersea cable

An Undersea cable or Submarine communications cable is a cable that is laid in the sea or in waterways. Usually such cables either carry electricity or they are used for telecommunication. Cables longer than about  use direct current, because the loss is too big with alternating current. Such cables are also built in a very rugged way.

Technology