cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
1983–84 NHL season

The 1983–84 NHL season was the 67th season of the National Hockey League. Twenty-one teams each played 80 games. The Edmonton Oilers beat the four-time defending Stanley Cup champion New York Islanders four games to one in the Cup finals.

Regular season

Final standings
Note: GP = Games played; W = Wins; L = Losses; T = Ties; GF = Goals for; GA = Goals against; Pts = Points; PIM = Penalties in minutes

Prince of Wales Conference

Clarence Campbell Conference

Scoring leaders
Note: GP = Games played; G = Goals; A = Assists; Pts = Points

Stanley Cup playoffs

Playoff bracket

Finals

Edmonton wins series 4–1 and Stanley Cup

Mark Messier (Edmonton) wins Conn Smythe Trophy

NHL awards

All-Star teams

First games
The following is a list of players of note who played their first NHL game in 1983–84 (listed with their first team, stars(*) mark start in playoffs):
 Geoff Courtnall, Boston Bruins
 Tom Barrasso, Buffalo Sabres
 Hakan Loob, Calgary Flames
 Steve Yzerman, Detroit Red Wings
 Sylvain Turgeon, Hartford Whalers
 Bob Rouse, Minnesota North Stars
 Brian Lawton, Minnesota North Stars
 Dirk Graham, Minnesota North Stars
 Chris Chelios, Montreal Canadiens
 Claude Lemieux, Montreal Canadiens
 John MacLean, New Jersey Devils
 Ken Daneyko, New Jersey Devils
 Patrick Flatley, New York Islanders
 Kelly Hrudey, New York Islanders
 Pat LaFontaine, New York Islanders
 Peter Sundstrom, New York Rangers
 James Patrick, New York Rangers
 Marty McSorley, Pittsburgh Penguins
 Doug Gilmour, St. Louis Blues
 Russ Courtnall, Toronto Maple Leafs
 Doug Lidster, Vancouver Canucks
 Cam Neely, Vancouver Canucks

Last games
The following is a list of players of note that played their last game in the NHL in 1983–84 (listed with their last team):
 Guy Lapointe, Boston Bruins
 Tony Esposito, Chicago Black Hawks
 Rick MacLeish, Detroit Red Wings
 Billy Harris, Los Angeles Kings
 Blaine Stoughton, New York Rangers
 Bill Barber, Philadelphia Flyers
 Bobby Clarke, Philadelphia Flyers
 Guy Chouinard, St. Louis Blues
 Michel Larocque, St. Louis Blues
 Dale McCourt, Toronto Maple Leafs
 Darcy Rota, Vancouver Canucks

References

 Hockey Database
 NHL.com

Other websites

1983 in the United States
1984 in the United States
Northeast Division (NHL)

The NHL's Northeast Division was formed in 1993 as part of the Eastern Conference in a league adjustment, the predecessor of which was the Adams Division. Although none of its members have won the Stanley Cup since the adjustment, its members account for a combined 42 Stanley Cup championships (24 by Montreal, 13 by Toronto, and 5 by Boston), which is the most championships of any division in the NHL.

Division lineups

1993–1995
Boston Bruins
Buffalo Sabres
Hartford Whalers
Montreal Canadiens
Ottawa Senators
Pittsburgh Penguins
Quebec Nordiques

Changes from the 1992–93 season
The Northeast Division is formed as a result of NHL realignment
The Boston Bruins, Buffalo Sabres, Hartford Whalers, Montreal Canadiens, Ottawa Senators, and Quebec Nordiques come from the Adams Division
The Pittsburgh Penguins come from the Patrick Division

1995–1997
Boston Bruins
Buffalo Sabres
Hartford Whalers
Montreal Canadiens
Ottawa Senators
Pittsburgh Penguins

Changes from the 1994–95 season
The Quebec Nordiques relocate to Denver, Colorado, and become the Colorado Avalanche
The Colorado Avalanche move to the Pacific Division

1997–1998
Boston Bruins
Buffalo Sabres
Carolina Hurricanes
Montreal Canadiens
Ottawa Senators
Pittsburgh Penguins

Changes from the 1996–97 season
The Hartford Whalers relocate to Greensboro, North Carolina, and become the Carolina Hurricanes

1998–2013
Boston Bruins
Buffalo Sabres
Montreal Canadiens
Ottawa Senators
Toronto Maple Leafs

Changes from the 1997–98 season
The Carolina Hurricanes move to the Southeast Division
The Pittsburgh Penguins move to the Atlantic Division
The Toronto Maple Leafs come from the Central Division

2013 realignment
The Northeast Division was dissolved as the league realigned into two conferences with two divisions each. All five teams were moved into the new Atlantic Division.

Division Champions
1994—Pittsburgh Penguins (44–27–13, 101 pts)
1995—Quebec Nordiques (30–13–5, 65 pts)
1996—Pittsburgh Penguins (49–29–4, 102 pts)
1997—Buffalo Sabres (40–30–12, 92 pts)
1998—Pittsburgh Penguins (40–24–18, 98 pts)
1999—Ottawa Senators (44–23–15, 103 pts)
2000—Toronto Maple Leafs (45–27–7–3, 100 pts)
2001—Ottawa Senators (48–21–9–4, 109 pts)
2002—Boston Bruins (43–24–6–9, 101 pts)
2003—Ottawa Senators (52–21–8–1, 113 pts)
2004—Boston Bruins (41–19–15–7, 104 pts)
2005—no season (NHL Lockout)
2006—Ottawa Senators (52–21–9, 113 pts)
2007—Buffalo Sabres (53–22–7, 113 pts)
2008—Montreal Canadiens (47–25–10, 104 pts)
2009—Boston Bruins (53–19–10, 116 pts)
2010—Buffalo Sabres (45–27–10, 100 pts)
2011—Boston Bruins (46–25–11, 103 pts)
2012—Boston Bruins (49–29–4, 102 pts)
2013—Montreal Canadiens (29–14–5, 63 pts)

Season results

Green background denotes qualified for playoffs

Stanley Cup winners produced
2011—Boston Bruins

Presidents' Trophy winners produced
2003—Ottawa Senators
2007—Buffalo Sabres

Northeast Division titles won by team

References 

 NHL History

National Hockey League
1993 establishments in North America
Northwest Division (NHL)

The NHL's Northwest Division was formed in 1998 as part of the Western Conference due to expansion.

Division lineups

1998–2000
Calgary Flames
Colorado Avalanche
Edmonton Oilers
Vancouver Canucks

Changes from the 1997–98 season
The Northwest Division is formed as a result of NHL realignment
The Calgary Flames, Colorado Avalanche, Edmonton Oilers and Vancouver Canucks come from the Pacific Division

2000–2013
Calgary Flames
Colorado Avalanche
Edmonton Oilers
Minnesota Wild
Vancouver Canucks

Changes from the 1999–2000 season
The Minnesota Wild are added as an expansion team

2013 realignment
The Northwest Division was dissolved as the league realigned into two conferences with two divisions each. The division's Canadian teams (the Calgary Flames, Edmonton Oilers, and Vancouver Canucks) were moved back to the Pacific Division, while the division's American teams (the Colorado Avalanche and Minnesota Wild) joined the Central Division.

Division Champions
1999—Colorado Avalanche (44–28–10, 98 pts)
2000—Colorado Avalanche (42–28–11–1, 96 pts)
2001—Colorado Avalanche (52–16–10–4, 118 pts)
2002—Colorado Avalanche (45–28–8–1, 99 pts)
2003—Colorado Avalanche (42–19–13–8, 105 pts)
2004—Vancouver Canucks (43–24–10–5, 101 pts)
2005—no season (NHL Lockout)
2006—Calgary Flames (46–25–11, 103 pts)
2007—Vancouver Canucks (49–26–7, 105 pts)
2008—Minnesota Wild (44–28–10, 98 pts)
2009—Vancouver Canucks (45–27–10, 100 pts)
2010—Vancouver Canucks (49–28–5, 103 pts)
2011—Vancouver Canucks (54–19–9, 117 pts)
2012—Vancouver Canucks (51–22–9, 111 pts)
2013—Vancouver Canucks (26–15–7, 59 pts)

Season results

 Green background denotes qualified for playoffs

Stanley Cup winners produced
2001 – Colorado Avalanche

Presidents' Trophy winners produced
2001 – Colorado Avalanche
2011 – Vancouver Canucks
2012 – Vancouver Canucks

Northwest Division titles won by team

Related pages
Smythe Division
Atlantic Division (NHL)
Central Division (NHL)
Northeast Division (NHL)
Pacific Division (NHL)
Southeast Division (NHL)

References

NHL History

National Hockey League
Southeast Division (NHL)

The NHL's Southeast Division was formed in 1998 as part of the Eastern Conference due to expansion.

Division lineups

1998–1999
Carolina Hurricanes
Florida Panthers
Tampa Bay Lightning
Washington Capitals

Changes from the 1997–98 season
The Southeast Division is formed as a result of NHL realignment
The Florida Panthers, Tampa Bay Lightning, and Washington Capitals come from the Atlantic Division
The Carolina Hurricanes come from the Northeast Division

Changes from the 1998–99 season
The Carolina Hurricanes relocate to Raleigh, North Carolina

1999–2011
Atlanta Thrashers
Carolina Hurricanes
Florida Panthers
Tampa Bay Lightning
Washington Capitals

Changes from the 1998–99 season
The Atlanta Thrashers are added as an expansion team

2011–2013
Carolina Hurricanes
Florida Panthers
Tampa Bay Lightning
Washington Capitals
Winnipeg Jets

Changes from the 2010–11 season
The Atlanta Thrashers relocate to Winnipeg, Manitoba, and become the Winnipeg Jets

2013 realignment
The NHL dissolved the Southeast Division as the league realigned into two conferences with two divisions each. The Winnipeg Jets moved to the Western Conference and the Central Division. The Florida Panthers and Tampa Bay Lightning were placed into the new Atlantic Division. The Carolina Hurricanes and Washington Capitals were placed in the newly formed Metropolitan Division.

Division Champions

1999—Carolina Hurricanes (34–30–18, 86 pts)
2000—Washington Capitals (44–24–12–2, 102 pts)
2001—Washington Capitals (41–27–10–4, 96 pts)
2002—Carolina Hurricanes (35–26–16–5, 91 pts)
2003—Tampa Bay Lightning (36–25–16–5, 93 pts)
2004—Tampa Bay Lightning (46–22–8–6, 106 pts)
2005—no season (NHL Lockout)
2006—Carolina Hurricanes (52–22–8, 112 pts)
2007—Atlanta Thrashers (43–28–11, 97 pts)
2008—Washington Capitals (43–31–8, 94 pts)
2009—Washington Capitals (50–24–8, 108 pts)
2010—Washington Capitals (54–15–13, 121 pts)
2011—Washington Capitals (48–23–11, 107 pts)
2012—Florida Panthers (38–26–18, 94 pts)
2013—Washington Capitals (26–18–2, 54 pts)

Season results

Stanley Cup winners produced
2004—Tampa Bay Lightning
2006—Carolina Hurricanes

Presidents' Trophy winners produced
2010—Washington Capitals

Southeast Division titles won by team

Related pages
Adams Division
Norris Division
Patrick Division
Smythe Division
Atlantic Division (NHL)
Central Division (NHL)
Northeast Division (NHL)
Northwest Division (NHL)
Pacific Division (NHL)

References

NHL History

National Hockey League
The Magic Roundabout (movie)

The Magic Roundabout (released in France as Pollux, le manège enchanté and in North America with a shortened form, Doogal) is an Anglo-French animated movie based on the television series of the same name. The movie was released on February 11, 2005 in the United Kingdom and France, and on February 24, 2006 in North America. The story is about a dog named Dougal (Doogal in North America) who has to save his best friend, Florence, as well as the whole world, from being frozen by an evil spring named ZeeBad.

The Story 
A shaggy, candy-loving puppy named Dougal (Doogal in North America) along with a group of friends go on a dangerous journey in an effort to stop their enemy—the evil ice sorcerer ZeeBad. As the world is placed in danger ZeeBad wants to turn the world to ice. Doogal and his friends must recover three diamonds that are needed to stop him.

Soundtrack 
 "Magic" by Pilot is used, its 3rd use in a movie soundtrack after Disney's Herbie Fully Loaded and Happy Gilmore
 "Mr. Blue Sky", by the Electric Light Orchestra from their album Out Of The Blue is a classic '70s tune that is key to the ending of the movie. Buyers should know it is not included on the US soundtrack.
 "Sugar, Sugar" by The Archies, number one single of 1969 is used only during the closing credits and album.

Main Titles - Mark Thomas
The Magic Roundabout - Kylie Minogue – VOCAL
Meet Doogal - James Venable
Magic – Pilot - VOCAL
You Really Got Me - Bill Nighy & Catherine Bott - VOCAL
Doogal the Mechanic - James Venable
Zeebad Escapes - Mark Thomas
Sam Marches - John M. Davis
The Magic Roundabout - Andrea Remanda and Goldust – VOCAL
Meet Zeebad - James Venable
Setting Up Camp - Mark Thomas
Spinning - Andrea Remanda and Goldust - VOCAL
Duel Of The Springs 2 - Mark Thomas
Simply Wonderful - Andrea Remanda and Goldust - VOCAL
The What-a-Snails Waltz - Mark Thomas
Zeebad Threatens - James Venable
Train's Back - Mark Thomas
Lost In The Cold - Mark Thomas
See The City - Mark Thomas
The Frozen City - Mark Thomas
Frozen Florence - John M. Davis
The End Of Zeebad - Mark Thomas
 Florence Awakes - Mark Thomas
Sugar, Sugar - The Archies - VOCAL
I Love To Boogie - T. Rex - VOCAL
Lean Mean Machine - Andrea Remanda and Goldust - VOCAL
Believe Yourself - Andrea Remanda and Goldust - VOCAL  (Used during the scene with Dylan fighting the skeleton guards in the UK version)
Bust This Joint - Andrea Remanda and Goldust - VOCAL

References

Other websites 
 "Magic Roundabout" Official website 
 Doogal official website

2005 movies
2000s adventure movies
2000s fantasy movies
Animated movies
British adventure movies
British family movies
French-language movies
French movies
Multilingual movies
Female ejaculation

Female ejaculation, also known as gushing or squirting, happens when a woman has an orgasm and clear fluid comes out of her. Scientists are not sure how the fluid is produced, but think it is produced by the Skene's glands (also called the paraurethral glands or female prostate). Female ejaculation was mentioned in ancient times by the Greek philosopher Aristotle (384–322 B.C.), and by doctors and people who study anatomy. However, in much of the 20th century there were people who did not believe that female ejaculation existed, and it was not studied in detail. More people found out about the matter after a book called The G Spot came out in 1982 and became popular. After that, more research was done on female ejaculation.

Not accepted by others 
The theory advanced by these authors has been dismissed by many other authors, such as physiologist Joseph Bohlen, for not being based on rigorous scientific procedures, and psychiatrist Helen Singer Kaplan (1983).

"Female ejaculation (as distinct from female urination during orgasm) has never been scientifically substantiated and is highly questionable, to say the least".

Masters and Johnson rejected it in 1982. Some radical feminist writers, such as Sheila Jeffreys (1985) were also dismissive, claiming it as a figment of male fantasy:

At present, the issue is not decided.

References 

Female reproductive system
SummerSlam

SummerSlam is a yearly professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event held in August by World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE). The event is often called "The Biggest Party of the Summer." Along with WrestleMania, Royal Rumble and Survivor Series, SummerSlam is one of the "Big Four" pay-per-views and was one of the original four yearly WWE pay-per-views.

Dates and venues

DVD box set 
WWE released a complete DVD box set with the title SummerSlam: The Complete Anthology, which includes all the SummerSlam events, on August 5 2008.

References

Other websites 
 Official SummerSlam site
 SummerSlam Event History
 Archived Results and Trivia
Suina

The suborder Suina (also known Suiformes) contains perhaps the earliest and most archaic even-toed ungulates.

Classification 
This suborden Suina includes family Suidae (pigs, hogs) and the family Tayassuidae (peccaries). Older morphogical studies also identified family Hippopotamidae (hippos) among the Suina.

Related pages
 Cetartiodactyla

Even-toed ungulates
Ruminantia

The biological suborder Ruminantia this majority of the Artiodactyla including sheep, goats, camels, and other forms which have a complex stomach and ruminate their food.

Classifiation 
 ORDER CETARTIODACTYLA
 Suborder Suina: pigs and peccaries
 Suborder Tylopoda: camels and llamas
 Suborder Whippomorpha: whales and hippopotamus
 Suborder Ruminantia
 Family †Amphimerycidae
 Infraorder Tragulina (paraphyletic)
 Family †Prodremotheriidae
 Family †Hypertragulidae
 Family †Praetragulidae
 Family Tragulidae: chevrotains, 6 living species in 4 genera
 Family †Leptomerycidae
 Family †Archaeomerycidae
 Family †Lophiomerycidae
 Infraorder Pecora
 Family †Climacoceratidae
Family Moschidae: musk deer,  4 living species in one genus
 Family Cervidae: deer, 49 living species in 16 genera
 Family Giraffidae: giraffe and okapi, 2 living species in 2 genera
 Family Antilocapridae: pronghorn, one living species in one genus
 Family Bovidae: cattle, goats, sheep, and antelope, 135 living species in 48 genera.

Related pages
Cetartiodactyla

Even-toed ungulates
White Oleander (movie)

White Oleander is a 2002 American drama movie set in California. It stars Alison Lohman, Michelle Pfeiffer, Robin Wright Penn and Renee Zellweger. It was directed by Peter Kosminsky and is based on the novel of the same name.

Plot 
Ingrid (Pfeiffer) is a photographer who falls in love with a man named Barry Kolker (Billy Connolly). However he is not loyal to her and has sex with other women. Ingrid kills him. She goes to jail and is later found guilty for killing him and goes to prison for a long time. Her daughter, Astrid Magnussen (Lohman), is taken to a series of foster homes.

Her first foster home is with a woman named Starr Thomas (Penn), who has two children, a teenager named Carolee and a young boy named David. During this home, she falls in love with Starr's husband. During a fight, Carolee runs away from home. An angry Starr shoots Astrid in the arm after an argument with her husband.

For a brief time, she is put in a place called "Mac," which houses hundreds of children. During this time, she gets into a fight with a bunch of other girls. She cuts her hair off and threatens the other girls, saying that she will slit their throats in their sleep if they attack her again.

Her second foster home is with a woman named Claire Richards (Zellweger). She is very lonely since her husband Mark (Noah Wyle) is often away on business trips. Astrid likes her a lot and how she always is nice and happy towards her. When Claire and Astrid visit Ingrid, however, Ingrid tells Claire that Mark is cheating on her. Astrid warns her mother not to destroy this home, but Ingrid smiles and says that she would rather have her at the worst foster home ever over Claire. Afterwards, Claire fights with Mark and later kills herself by swallowing a lot of pills at once.

Astrid is put in another home. She is very upset and thinks that her mom caused Claire to kill herself. She chooses a home with a Russian mother named Rena, knowing that Rena will not love her like Claire did because she does not want to see this happen again. This new mother has her sell her nice clothes. Astrid dyes her own hair and starts wearing black clothing. When Ingrid meets Astrid again, she is shocked at how Astrid has turned herself.

During this time, there is a movement to free Ingrid. They believe the original decision of "guilty" of killing Barry was wrong and want a new trial. If Astrid lies and agrees to Ingrid's version of the story, Ingrid will be likely be freed. But if she tells the truth, Ingrid will be put in jail again. Astrid uses this new power to force Ingrid to tell her about her father. Ingrid is then put on trial, but Ingrid tells her lawyer not to call Astrid to the stand. Ingrid is found guilty again and is put in jail.

The movie ends with Astrid, living with her new boyfriend Paul Trout (Patrick Fugit) in New York, putting together a series of suitcases that stand for all of her experiences through foster homes. She has redyed her hair blonde.

Other websites 

2002 drama movies
American teen drama movies
English-language movies
Movies based on books
Movies set in California
Claremont Colleges

The Claremont Colleges are a group of private colleges and universities in Claremont, California, near Los Angeles. They include:

Pomona College
Claremont Graduate University
Scripps College
Claremont McKenna College
Harvey Mudd College
Pitzer College
Keck Graduate Institute
Put together, they have about 8500 students.

References
Beverly Crusher

Doctor Beverly Crusher is a fictional character from the American science fiction television series Star Trek: The Next Generation The character is played by actress Gates McFadden. Crusher was born as Beverly Howard. She is a human medical doctor working for Starfleet. Crusher was the chief medical officer on the starships USS Enterprise-D and USS Enterprise-E. She had the military rank of Commander. Crusher had a husband, Jack Crusher (now dead), and one son, Wesley Crusher.

Character story
Doctor Crusher was born in Copernicus City, Luna (Earth's moon). When she was very young her parents died. After this, she lived with her grandmother on Arvada III, a colony planet. After joining Starfleet, she married Lieutenant Jack Crusher. He served with captain Jean-Luc Picard on the USS Stargazor. They had a son, Wesley Crusher. Jack Crusher was killed in an accident on the Stargazor in 2354. On the Enterprise-D, Crusher is a good friend with all the senior staff. She plays poker with them every week. Beverly is a good dancer. She has won many trophies in the past for dancing. She tries to keep this a secret because she did not want to be known as "the dancing doctor" as she used to be in the past.

Star Trek: The Next Generation characters
Chakswari Tehsil

Chakswari () is a town in the Mirpur District, Azad Kashmir, containing about 25 villages including the New Town of Islaamgarh, about 20 km from Mirpur city. It is quickly becoming a commercial area of the district.

The majority of the people speak Pahari (also known as Pothowari or Mirpuri), the second most spoken language of Kashmir after Kashmiri. A large number of people emigrated to the United Kingdom during the 1950s and 1980s.

Chakswari has plains and hills. It has a generally dry climate, with hot summers and cool winters. There is not much rain. The people of this area are agriculturalists belonging to the Jatt, Rajput & Moochi castes, with strong cultural links to the Pothwar region of Pakistan.

Chakswari is divided into two parts. There is the historic old town which houses the majority of the wholesale shops for which the town is known and the newer part. It is called Chakswari Colony and was built for the families who lost their homes following the construction of Mangla Dam. The town is modern and around twenty thousand people live there. Chakswari boasts the biggest house-building boom after Mirpur. Chakswari is known for its excellent shopping areas and its large shopping plazas where most of the wholesale shops are. There are many stores, plazas, shopping malls & markets in these areas, and they are known for their different types of items sold there.

Chakswari is well known for the existence of The Holy Pir. It is most commonly known as Noshahi pir who were part of The Muhammad family tree. The Noshahi Haji pir Ganj Baksh tomb is in Ralmal Sharif in Gujrat. In the '90s, they were known for helping the people of Chakswari with things like poverty.

Tehsils of Azad Kashmir
Mirpur, Kashmir

Mirpur () is a city in Pakistan administered Jammu and Kashmir, and the headquarter of Mirpur District and formerly the Mirpur Division. Although it is now part of Jammu and Kashmir, up until the 1846 treaty of Amritsar Mirpur was part of the Punjab. The population are Pahari and the language they speak is Potowari. Mirpur is located at the South West of Jammu and Kashmir at an elevation of 459 metres (1509 ft), not far from Islamgarh. It is 323 kilometres (200 miles) from Srinagar, the capital of Jammu and Kashmir and 295 kilometres (183 miles) from Muzaffarabad.

Tehsils of Azad Kashmir
Cities in Pakistan
Cities in Jammu and Kashmir
Jalalabad, Punjab

Jalalabad () is a city and a municipal council of Ferozpur District in the Punjab state of the Republic of India.

Settlements in Punjab, India
Cities in India
Kupferhof Bauschenberg

The Kupferhof Bauschenberg was a brass producing factory built in the 17th century in the German city of Stolberg. It had a great influence on the brass industry which made Stolberg world leader in brass production for more than a century.

Due to the excellent conditions for the production of the alloy brass there could hardly be a better place to choose than Stolberg. Located near the small river Vichtbach the water wheels could easily be powerded. Calamine was delivered by the oar mines from nearby Breinigerberg and wood for firing the furnaces had been available in adequate quantities in the forests of the Eifel. This must be the reason why Gottfried Schardinel, one of the richest persons at that time in the region of Stolberg built the Kupferhof Bauschenberg. 

Later the three factories Kupferhof Bauschenberg, Dollartshammer as well as Straßburger Hof fusionated to create the company Prym.

Literature 
 Karl Schleicher: Geschichte der Stolberger Messingindustrie. (=Beiträge zur Stolberger Geschichte und Heimatkunde, Heft 6, 1956, hsg. von der Stadtbücherei Stolberg (Rhld.)) {de}

Companies of Germany
17th-century establishments in Germany
Zira Tehsil

Zira () was one of the two tehsils of the Punjab, (the other one being Ferozpur), that was part of a controversy during the Partition of India. Sir Cyril Radcliffe created the boundary between India and Pakistan just days before the partition. A draft of the Award was supposedly sent to Evan Jenkins, the provincial governor of Punjab by George Abell, Lord Mountbatten’s private secretary, with a preliminary description of the Punjab boundary. This draft showed the Ferozepur and Zira tehsils being allotted to Pakistan.

The final version of the boundary however awarded the areas to India. This led Muhammad Ali Jinnah, the founder of Pakistan, to proclaim that the Award of the Boundary Commission was unjust, incomprehensible and perverse. He, however, agreed to abide by it. The dispute was settled in 1960 as part of an agreement between the governments of India and Pakistan.

References

Punjab, India
Sturgeon

Sturgeon is the common name for 26 species of fish in the family Acipenseridae.

Evolution 
Sturgeons have been referred to as "living fossils" or "primitive fish" because their features have not changed very much since their earliest fossil record.

Habitat 
Sturgeon range from subtropical to subarctic waters in North America and Eurasia. In North America, they range along the Atlantic coast from the Gulf of Mexico to Newfoundland. They used to be found throughout the Mississippi River, the Great Lakes and the Hudson River.

Throughout this extensive range, almost all species are highly threatened or vulnerable to extinction due to a combination of habitat destruction, overfishing, and pollution.

In the last century, this large fish was often regarded as a nuisance because it often became entangled in and caused  commercial fishing nets to become ripped. Only much later did the sturgeon become prized for its meat, eggs (caviar) and oil. Gelatin from the inner lining of its air bladder was used to make isinglass--a substance used as a clarifying agent in jellies, glues and in the isinglass windows of carriages and early cars. Nowadays, the lake sturgeon's dark form can be sometimes be discerned in reedy shallows or near river mouths.

References 

Edible fish
Ray-finned fish
Living fossils
WWE The Great American Bash

The Great American Bash is an yearly summer professional wrestling pay-per-view made by World Wrestling Entertainment. It was originally made by the National Wrestling Alliance and then by World Championship Wrestling. However, according to Ric Flair in his autobiography, Dusty Rhodes invented The Great American Bash.
 
After the last Great American Bash by World Championship Wrestling in 2000, The Great American Bash did not happen again until 2004 and only Smackdown! superstars were on it until the 2007 event when Raw and ECW superstars joined. Something special about this pay-per-view is that anyone in the American military can see The Great American Bash for free.

Dates and places
Here are the dates and places where past events have been held.


Other websites 
Official Website of The Great American Bash
WWE The Bash 2009 Matches 

World Wrestling Entertainment pay-per-view events

fr:WWE The Great American Bash
nl:The Great American Bash
Ness

Ness may refer to:

Places
 Ness is an archaic word meaning a headland or cape and comes from nes in Icelandic / Old Norse and for that reason there are many places once under Viking or Norse influence that include the word
 Loch Ness
Loch Ness Monster
 Ness: East Ness & West Ness, Ryedale, North Yorkshre
 River Ness, links the Loch to the North Sea at Inverness, Scotland, UK
 Ness, Western Isles, the most northerly area on Lewis, Scotland, UK
 Bo'ness, a town in Scotland, UK
 Lowestoft Ness, most easterly point of the UK
 Orford Ness, shingle spit and bird sanctuary in Suffolk, England, UK
 Dungeness, shingle promontory and site of a nuclear power station in Kent, England
 Ness, Cheshire, a village in Cheshire on the Wirral Peninsula, England, UK
 Ness Botanic Gardens, owned by the University of Liverpool and located on the Wirral Peninsula, England, UK
 Langness Peninsula, in the Isle of Man
 Ness City, Kansas
 Ness Township, Minnesota
 Sheerness, an English town in Kent
 Caithness, a Scottish county

Organizations
 New England Skeptical Society (NESS), a Skeptical organization
 Ness Foundation, a medical research charity near Inverness, Scotland
 Nottingham Exchange Students Society, a student-run society at the University of Nottingham
 Ness Technologies Ltd, an Information Technology company.
Hy-Vee

Hy-Vee is an employee owned chain of supermarkets in the Midwestern United States. As of January 2008, Hy-Vee runs 197 supermarkets and 26 Drugstores in seven states. Over 100 of its supermarkets are in Iowa, but it also has stores in Illinois, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, and South Dakota. Hy-Vee is known for its longtime advertising slogan, "Where there's a helpful smile in every aisle."

Two-time National Football League MVP Kurt Warner once worked at a Hy-Vee Store in Cedar Falls, Iowa.  After he was cut by the Green Bay Packers at age 24, he thought his football career might be over, so he worked there to play for his bills.

Company starting 
The company was started by Charles Hyde and David Vredenburg. They had opened a general store in Beaconsfield, Iowa, in 1930. In 1938, the company changed their name to Hyde & Vredenburg, Inc. Hyde & Vredenburg had 15 stores in Iowa and Missouri at that time. In 1945, Hyde & Vredenburg moved its headquarters from Lamoni to Chariton, Iowa, after buying the Chariton Wholesale Company.

Stores 
Most Hy-Vee stores are full-service supermarkets with bakeries, delicatessens, banks, florists, and pharmacies. To keep pace with Wal-Mart's recent expansion into the gas station business, Hy-Vee has also added gas stations with convenience stores to some of its stores.

HyVee's Largest Store is in Sioux Falls, South Dakota, which has 
over  of Retail Space in the store. Hy-vee keeps making larger stores, so their largest store changes every 6 months to every year.

Employment 
Hy-Vee Inc. employs over 52,000 people and is the largest employer in the state of Iowa.  The company has annual sales of over $5.84 billion. In 2007, Hy-Vee ranked 47th on Forbes magazine's annual list of the largest privately owned companies in the United States.

References

Other websites
 Hy-Vee Food Stores Official Website

Supermarkets of the United States
1930 establishments in the United States
Companies based in Iowa
Liger

A liger is a mix between a male lion (Panthera leo) and a female tiger (Panthera tigris). It is different from a similar mix called a tigon and is the biggest of all known extant cats.

Other websites 
 Liger Tribute
 Liger  Video of Sinbad (900 pound liger)
 Liger Pictures Liger Pictures from the Animal Safari in Pine Mountain Georgia
 The Liger Exists 

Panthera
Animal hybrids

hu:Panthera hibridek#Liger
sv:Lejonhybrid#Liger och tigon
Cold Mountain (movie)

Cold Mountain is a 2003 American drama movie set in North Carolina. It was directed by Anthony Minghella. The main actors in the movie are Jude Law, Nicole Kidman, and Renee Zellweger. It was nominated for seven Academy Awards and won one, for Zellweger as Best Supporting Actress.

Plot
The movie is about a Civil War deserter named W. P. Inman.  He has deserted the Confederate Army – he does not to fight the war anymore and they would not let him go, so he left and has not come back. In the Civil War, the Confederacy wanted to break away from the United States, but the Union would not let them, so they fought for whether the Confederacy (also called the South) should be allowed to break away or not. Before he left, he fell in love with a woman named Ada and now he wants to be back with her.

Along the way, Inman finds a preacher named John. John is a drunk, but he goes with Inman. However, they are caught by the Home Guard, a group of men who try to find deserters and round them up. They are put in chains with a bunch of other people and are forced to march for a few days. However, the Home Guard gets tired of moving them and decides to shoot them all.  Inman manages to not get hit and soon breaks free.

At home, Ada is living with her father. Her father dies soon after Inman leaves and soon the farmhouse and the farm breaks down and looks bad. A woman named Ruby comes and teaches Ada how to work and fix the farmhouse up. They soon become good friends.  One day, Ruby's father comes to the farm. He had left his wife and the children before, and Ruby slaps him because of it but she lets him in. He can play an instrument.

References

Other websites 

2003 drama movies
2000s romantic drama movies
2000s war movies
Italian drama movies
Romanian drama movies
American Civil War
American romantic drama movies
American war movies
English-language movies
2000s historical movies
Movies set in North Carolina
Buena Vista International movies
Miramax movies
Movies directed by Anthony Minghella
Environment (disambiguation)

Environment may mean:
Environment (biophysical), the physical and biological factors along with their chemical interactions that affect an organism
Natural environment, all living and non-living things that occur naturally on Earth
Built environment, constructed surroundings that provide the setting for human activity, ranging from the large-scale civic surroundings to the personal places
Social environment, the culture that an individual lives in, and the people and institutions with whom they interact
Environmental science, the study of the interactions among the physical, chemical and biological components of the environment
Environmental psychology
Environmental determinism
Environmental policy
Environmental quality
Environmental art

In computing:
Environment variable, the set of environments meaning in a process
Runtime environment, a virtual machine state which gives a software services for processes or programs while a computer is running
Integrated development environment, a kind of computer software that helps computer programmers in developing software
Desktop environment, in computing, is graphical user interface to the computer

Related
Ambient
Environmentalism, a concern with the preservation of the environment
Environmental movement
Ecology, a sub-discipline of biology often confused with the environment in general
AT&T

AT&T Inc. (used to be called American Telegraph & Telephone) is the largest provider of both local and long distance fixed telephone services and Internet access in the United States with 71.4 million customers. It is the second largest wireless service provider in the country.

AT&T has been publicly traded on the New York Stock Exchange since 1984. It was one of the 30 companies that made up the Dow Jones Industrial Average until 2013, when it was replaced by Apple Inc.

References

Other websites
 Official website

American telephone companies
1983 establishments in the United States
1980s establishments in Texas
Companies based in Dallas, Texas
Air-ground radiotelephone service

Air-ground radiotelephone service is a method of telephone communications used by aircraft pilots and passengers of commercial airline jets flying over the United States.

Aviation
Communication
Heart of Midlothian F.C.

Heart of Midlothian Football Club (commonly known as Hearts) is a professional football club based at Tynecastle Stadium in Edinburgh, Scotland. They play in the Scottish Premier League along with their city rivals Hibernian. Hearts were one of the teams invited to join the Scottish Football League when it first started in 1890. Hearts have won the Scottish Cup on 8 occasions, the League title 4 times and the League Cup 4 times.

Players

Current squad 

As of 7 December

Out on loan

References 

Scottish Premier League clubs
Edinburgh
1874 establishments in Scotland
Abbey library of St. Gallen

The Abbey library of St. Galllen (German: Stiftsbiblothek St.Gallen) is a library in St. Gallen, Switzerland. It was attached to the abbey of St. Gallen. This abbey had a great importance in the Middle Ages. Today, there are about 2,100 manuscripts from the Middle Ages, about 1 650 Inucabula (books and sheets printed before 1501) and early printings before 1520, as well as about 160,000 books. The library is the oldest library in Switzerland. The manuscript B of the Nibelungenlied is kept here.

Libraries in Europe
St. Gallen
Pohleď

Pohleď is a village in the Havlíčkův Brod District, Vysočina Region of the Czech Republic. About 80 people live there. The village has an area of 4.34 km². It was first documented in 1400.

Villages in the Czech Republic
Hibernian F.C.

Hibernian Football Club is a professional football club based at Easter Road in Edinburgh, Scotland. Hibernian Football Club commonly known as Hibs. They play in the Scottish Premiership. Their city rivals are Hearts. It is one of three SPFL clubs in the city, the others being their Edinburgh derby rivals Hearts and Edinburgh City. Hibernian was founded in 1875 by Irish immigrants, but support for the club is now based on geography rather than ethnicity or religion. The Irish heritage of Hibernian is still reflected, however, in its name, colours and badge.

In 1887 Hibernian defeated Preston North End in a match nicknamed the Association Football Championship of the World decider, because of the two teams’ achievements in their domestic cup trophies. Hibs enjoyed enormous success throughout the 1940s and 50s where they won the 1947/8, 1950/1 and 1951/2 League Competitions. Their not-so-secret weapon was the attacking formation known as ‘The Famous Five’ consisting of Bobby Johnstone, Willie Ormond, Lawrie Reilly, Gordon Smith and Eddie Turnbull. 

Hibs became the first British team to enter European competition in 1955.  They competed in the Champions Cup and gave a fantastic performance against the German club, Rot Weiss Essen, winning 4-1 and drawing 1-1 on the return match in Scotland.

Hibernian F.C. was in grave danger of being closed down at the beginning of the 1990s when Wallace Mercer of rivals, Hearts of Midlothian, decided he wanted just one main club in Edinburgh.  However, the club was saved in 1991 by Sir Tom Farmer CBE.

Current squad 
As of June 15 2008.

References

Scottish Premier League clubs
Edinburgh
1875 establishments in the United Kingdom
1870s establishments in Scotland
Inverness Caledonian Thistle F.C.

Inverness Caledonian Thistle Football Club is a professional football club based at Caledonian Stadium in Inverness, Scotland. They play in the Scottish Championship and are currently managed by John Robertson.

Current squad

International players 
Six players have represented their country whilst contracted to Caley Thistle. These are Pāvels Mihadjuks (Latvia), Richard Hastings and Davide Xausa (both Canada), Marius Niculae (Romania), Jonathan Tuffey (Northern Ireland) and Owain Tudur-Jones (Wales national football team).

References

Caledonian
Scottish Premier League clubs
1994 establishments in the United Kingdom
1990s establishments in Scotland
Kilmarnock F.C.

Kilmarnock Football Club is a professional football club based at Rugby Park in Kilmarnock, Scotland. They were founded in 1869, and are the oldest professional club in Scotland. They currently play in the Scottish Premier League and are managed by Angelo Alessio.

Current squad

Notable former players
 Steven Naismith
 Kris Boyd       
 Alex Burke
 Ian Durrant
 Alex Burke
 John Shaw
 Gary Holt
 Gus MacPherson
 Ally McCoist
 Kevin McGowne
 Jim McIntyre
   Dylan Kerr
 Tommy McLean
 Gordon Smith 
 Paul Wright
 Dragoje Leković
 Gary McSwegan

Managers

References

Scottish Premier League clubs
1869 establishments in the United Kingdom
19th-century establishments in Scotland
Higher education

Higher education is after secondary education. Through attending college a higher degree (or title) can be gained. Generally, people must be 18 years old or over to enter higher education. They also need to have completed primary school and secondary education. Usually some kind of selection is used.  Exams can be of state, local or university level. Sometimes no selection exists. Some open universities encourage older adults to apply, whether they were good at school or not.

Preparation 

Higher education is either professional or academic. You can study for a diploma or a degree. Graduates can study for a master's or doctorate.  Places of higher education were traditionally called universities, but there are other names like institute, teaching training college, academy, conservatory, and polytechnic. (The names depend on the country).

Other functions 
Research work is done at this level. Colleges often also reach out to employers and offer cultural or sporting events open to the local community.

Role in society
The importance of higher education in society changes according to the country; for example, in many countries a student goes to university to obtain a diploma for work, but university is also often a time during which the student learns to be independent. Students also learn to mix with people of different origins, and to grow as people.  Richer students can study in a place far from their hometown, but kids from poor neighbourhoods may be unable to afford college at all without a scholarship of some kind.

Related pages
Academia
Academic Ranking of World Universities
Postgraduate education
Right to education

Other websites
Portal dedicated to the higher education
EU-Student Informations on Erasmus and Practices 

Education

References
Aeronautics

Aeronautics is the study of how to make and use flying machines like aeroplanes or helicopters. The name comes from the Ancient Greek language.  It means "Air Navigating". 

Part of aeronautics is Aerodynamics, how air moves around things.  Many books are available on these topics.  Aeronautics is related to transport and engineering, and aerodynamics is science.

Related pages
 NASA
 Spacecraft

Other websites

 Aeronautics Citizendium
 

Aviation
Science
Rawalpindi

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Rawalpindi (, Rāwalpindī) is a city in the Pothohar Plateau near Pakistan's capital city of Islamabad, in the province of Punjab. It is home to the headquarters of the Pakistan Army and also served as the nation's capital while Islamabad was being constructed during the 1960s. The city is home to many industries and factories. Benazir Bhutto International Airport is actually in Rawalpindi, formerly known as the "Chaklala Airport", serving the city along with the capital. Rawalpindi is in the Punjab province, 275 km (171 miles) to the north-west of Lahore. It is the administrative seat of the Rawalpindi District. About 3,363,911 people lived in Rawalpindi in the year 1998.

Cities in Pakistan
R
Capital of Pakistan
Kachhi District

Kachhi (formerly named Bolan District) is a district of Balochistan, Pakistan.

Districts of Balochistan (Pakistan)
Sopore Tehsil

Sopore () is a town in Baramulla district.

Tehsils of Jammu and Kashmir
Wienerwald

The Wienerwald (East Central Bavarian: Weanawoid, lit.'Vienna Woods') is a large forest of over 1,000 square kilometers. It lies southwest of Vienna in Lower Austria. It covers the start of the Alps. It is about 45 km long, and between 20 and 30 km wide.

Alps
Forests of Europe
Mountains of Austria
Regions of Austria
Lower Austria
Vienna
Wienerwald, Austria

Wienerwald is an Austrian municipality in the Mödling District, Lower Austria. It is in the forest of the Vienna Woods (Wienerwald). About 2,600 people live there.

References

Other websites 
 

Settlements in Lower Austria
Wienerwald (restaurant)

Wienerwald is a chain of franchise restaurants. They are mainly in Germany and Austria. They specialize in chicken-based products. It was founded in 1955. It went bankrupt several times. Today the two chains in Austria and Germany are independent of each other.

European restaurants
1955 establishments in Europe
Barracuda

A barracuda is a ray finned-fish that is about 6 feet in length. It is found in tropical and subtropical oceans worldwide. It is of the genus Sphyraena, the only genus in the family Sphyraenidae. Infamous for its intimidating and ferocious behavior, it is the reason that divers take off any shiny or glittery bracelets in the water. They eat fish that are silver in color, which may cause them to attack someone if they are wearing any shimmering objects. These fish usually stay near the top of the water around sea grass and coral reefs. 

Perciformes
Pomona, California

Pomona is a city in Los Angeles County, California. As of the 2000 census, the city population was 149,473.
Sin City (movie)

Sin City is a 2005 American crime thriller movie written, produced and directed by Frank Miller and Robert Rodriguez. It is based on Miller's graphic novel series of the same name.

The main actors in it are Jessica Alba, Brittany Murphy, Benicio Del Toro, Clive Owen, Mickey Rourke, Bruce Willis and Elijah Wood. Sin City received mostly positive reviews.
This movie has a sequel called Sin City: A Dame to Kill For.

References

Other websites

 
 

2005 movies
2000s crime thriller movies
American crime thriller movies
Dark Horse Comics movies
Film noir
Movies directed by Robert Rodriguez
Fantastic Four (2005 movie)

Fantastic Four is a 2005 American superhero movie based on the Marvel Comics comic Fantastic Four.  The movie was released in the United States on July 8, 2005.

Cast 
Ioan Gruffudd as Reed Richards / Mister Fantastic
Jessica Alba as Susan Storm / Invisible Woman
Chris Evans as Johnny Storm / Human Torch
Michael Chiklis as Benjamin Grimm / The Thing
Julian McMahon as Victor Von Doom / Doctor Doom
Kerry Washington as Alicia Masters
Stan Lee as Willie Lumpkin

Release Dates

References

Other websites 

2005 action movies
2005 science fiction movies
2000s superhero movies
Fantastic Four (movie series)
2000s American action movies
2000s American fantasy movies
American science fiction movies
English-language movies
Movies based on comic book characters
Movies composed by John Ottman
Movies directed by Tim Story
Movies produced by Avi Arad
Superhero comedy movies
20th Century Fox movies
Dark Angel (TV series)

Dark Angel is an American science fiction television series created by James Cameron and Charles H. Eglee, which ran from 2000 to 2002 on the FOX network. Dark Angel tells the story of the character of "Max Guevara" (X5-452), a genetically enhanced super-soldier, portrayed by Jessica Alba as an adult, and Geneva Locke as a child.

The program is set in 2019 in Seattle, Washington, but was filmed in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada at Lions Gate Studios.

Other websites 

2000 American television series debuts
2002 American television series endings
2000s American television series
American LGBT television programs
American science fiction television series
Eugenics
Fox television series
Television series set in Seattle, Washington
Television series set in the future
English-language television programs