cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Electron crystallography

Electron crystallography is a method to determine the arrangement of atoms in solids using a transmission electron microscope (TEM).

This method works in many cases where X-ray crystallography does not. The latter needs large 3-D crystals to work.

Protein structures are usually done from 2-dimensional crystals (sheets or helices), polyhedrons such as viral capsids, or dispersed proteins. Electrons can be used in these situations, whereas X-rays cannot, because electrons interact more strongly with atoms than X-rays do.

Electron crystallography is a method to determine the arrangement of atoms in solids using a transmission electron microscope (TEM). The method was invented by Aaron Klug, who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for this, and his studies on virus structures and transfer RNA, in 1982.

The first electron crystallographic protein structure to be solved was bacteriorhodopsin in 1990.
Since then, several other high-resolution structures have been done by electron crystallography, including the light-harvesting complex, and the bacterial flagellum.

Related pages
Crystallography
X-ray crystallography
Spectroscopy

References 

Technology
Chemistry
Molecular biology
Physics
Paul Nurse

Sir Paul Nurse PRS (Paul Maxime Nurse, born Norwich, 25 January 1949) is a British geneticist and cell biologist.

He was awarded the 2001 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, with Leland Hartwell and Timothy Hunt, for their discoveries about cell division.

They discovered cycle of cell division is regulated by cyclin and cyclin dependent kinases.

Sir Paul is the current President of the Royal Society and Chief Executive and Director of the UK Centre for Medical Research and Innovation.

He is also Emeritus Professor and Head of the Laboratory for Yeast genetics and Cell Biology at the Rockefeller University, New York City.

Nurse was awarded the Royal Society's Copley Medal in 2005.

References 

1949 births
Living people
English biologists
English geneticists
Knights Bachelor
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine winners
People from Norwich
Presidents of the Royal Society
British Nobel Prize winners
Kevin DuBrow

Kevin Mark DuBrow (October 29, 1955 – November 19, 2007) was an American singer of rock music. He is best known as the lead singer of the heavy metal band Quiet Riot from 1975, when the band started, until 2007, when he died.

On December 10, 2007, media reported that DuBrow had been found dead on the afternoon of November 25, 2007. He died because he took an accidental overdose of cocaine.

1955 births
2007 deaths
Singers from Los Angeles
Fighting game

A fighting game is a video game in which two or more players battle for the winning spot, usually by fighting to the death or K.O.. Most fighting games have a selection of characters with different abilities. Some popular fighting games are Mortal Kombat, Street Fighter, and Soul Calibur.

 
Types of video games
Video game genres
Push-button

A push-button is a switch in the shape of a small button or knob. When it is pushed it completes an electrical circuit that controls something. For example, a doorbell rings when a person pushes a button, or numbers are displayed on a calculator or even when you are playing a machine game at an arcade.

References

Electronic switches
Heavyweights

Heavyweights is a 1995 Disney movie directed by Steven Brill. Heavyweights is about a fat camp for children that is taken over by fitness expert Tony Perkis (Ben Stiller).

References

Other websites

 
 
 
 
 

Disney movies
1995 movies
English-language movies
1995 comedy movies
American comedy movies
Charlie Brown

Charlie Brown is the main character in the comic strip Peanuts by Charles M. Schulz.

Friends
Sally: She is Charlie Brown's younger sister. Her character is argumentative.
Linus: He is an intellectual. He always has his favorite blanket. 
Lucy: She is always bold. She doesn't like talking logically. 
Woodstock: He is a small, yellow bird. Only Snoopy can communicate with him and recognize him.
Schroeder: He is a pianist and likes Beethoven. He usually plays the piano.
Peppermint Patty: She is bold but dull. She is a good baseball player, but not good at studying.
Marcie: She is a good friend of Peppermint Patty. She is earnest, but not good at baseball.
Pigpen: He is optimistic. He can gather dust like a magnet.
Franklin: He is thoughtful and calm. He played with Charlie Brown and made friends.
bob the builder: bob the builder
Ryan and his milk: Ryan is obsessed with Cheese Whiz and enjoys milk
Brendon's forehead: loves Ryan, has a huge forehead

References

Comics
Stan and Jan Berenstain

Stan and Jan Berenstain were American authors and illustrators. They are best known for their books about the "Berenstain Bears" and "Blair Investigates". 

Stanley Melvin Berenstain (September 29, 1923 – November 26, 2005) was born in West Philadelphia. Janice Marian Berenstain (July 26, 1923 – February 24, 2012) was also born in Philadelphia. Both served in World War II. 

On November 26, 2005, Stanley Berenstain died of cancer. He was 82. Jan died February 24, 2012, from a stroke.

Books
The couple's first published a book in 1951. It was The Berenstains' Baby Book. They then published two more books on parenthood.

The first book with the Berenstain Bears was The Big Honey Hunt. It was published in 1962 and the first book with the Blair Investigates was A Investigate Star is Born It was published in 1968. Theodor Geisel (best known as Dr. Seuss) was the editor for the early books in the series. Over 300 books have been published in 23 languages.

References

1923 births
2005 deaths
2012 deaths
Writers from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
American illustrators
Deaths from cancer
Tivoli-Neu

The Tivoli-Neu is a football stadium in Innsbruck, Austria. It is the homeground of FC Wacker Innsbruck and the Swarco Raiders Tirol, an American Football team. The stadium was one venue of the UEFA Euro 2008.

History
The Tivoli-Neu replaces the old Tivoli stadium which was closed down in 2004. Since the insolvency of FC Tirol in 2002 the stadium is used by FC Wacker Innsbruck, the follower of the old club. For the UEFA Euro 2008 the stadium was used for matches. It was temporarily expanded to a capacity of 30 000.

Matches

International matches
 25 April 2001 Austria– Liechtenstein 2:0 (1:0)
 11 June 2003 Austria-  Belarus  5:0 (1:0)
 28 April 2004 Austria- Luxemburg 4:1 (2:0)
 11 October 2006 Austria- Switzerland 2:1 (2:0)
 17 October 2007 Austria-  Ivory Coast 3:2 (1:0)
 11 June 2008 Spain- Russia 4:1 (2:0) UEFA Euro 2008
 14 June 2008 Sweden- Spain 1:2 (1:1)UEFA Euro 2008
 18 June 2008 Russia - Sweden 2:0 (1:0)UEFA Euro 2008
 10 October 2009 Austria-  Lithuania 2:1 (1:0)
 28 May 2010 Spain- Saudia Arabia 3:2

International matches of FC Tirol 
 14 September 2000 FC Tirol Innsbruck - AC Fiorentina 3:1 (2:0)
 26 October 2000 FC Tirol Innsbruck - VfB Stuttgart 1:0 (0:0)
 22 August 2001 FC Tirol Innsbruck - Lokomotiv Moskau 1:0 (0:0)
 11 September 2001 FC Tirol Innsbruck - Viktoria Zizkov 1:0 (0:0)
 1 November 2001 FC Tirol Innsbruck - AC Fiorentina, 2:2 (1:2)

Football stadiums in Austria
Innsbruck
2000 establishments in Europe
Denmark-Norway

The Kingdom of Denmark-Norway was a union between the two kingdoms Denmark and Norway. They were previously in the Kalmar Union with Sweden. The Kingdom of Denmark-Norway lasted from 1536 to 1814. The capital of both countries was Copenhagen, and they shared the same military. The kingdom also possessed colonies in Greenland, Iceland, Africa, the Caribbean and India.

Monarchs 
1524–1533: Frederick I
1588–1648: Christian IV 
1648–1670: Frederick III 
1808–1814: Frederick VI

References

Nordic countries
1536 establishments
1814 disestablishments
History of Denmark
History of Norway
16th-century establishments in Europe
1810s disestablishments in Europe
Sony Vegas

VEGAS Pro is a non-linear video editing software developed by MAGIX, previously by Sony Creative Software and Sonic Foundry. The Film Paranormal Activity was edited using the software and has won many awards.

The software is only for Windows computers and PCs only and cost 600 dollars.

Features
VEGAS Pro contains a lot of video and audio effects and transitions including the Mirror Effect and Chroma Key. VEGAS Pro also has tittles and other video generators.

VEGAS Pro also allows users crop video, Flip video horizontal or upside down, change the speed of video and audio with or without the pitch changing if going faster or slower and more.

Sony Vegas 8.0
The 8.0 version was released in late 2007. It contains features including ProType Titling technology, Multicamera editing tools, 32-bit floating point video processing, Customizable window layouts, Improved HDV/SDI/XDCAM support and Mixing console window.

Sony Vegas 9.0
The 9.0 version was released in 2009. The color of the program is now black rather than white. It contains features including support for 4K resolution and native support for pro camcorder formats like Red and XDCAM EX. 

The latest 9.0 version was released in May 2010 called "Vegas Pro 9.0e" which includes a new white balance video effect.

Sony Vegas 10.0
The 10.0 version was released in October 2010 and is the latest version of the software. It contains new features including Stereoscopic 3D Editing, Comprehensive Closed Captioning, GPU-Accelerated AVC Encoding (Using NVIDIA CUDA), Image Stabilization, Audio Event FX, Track Management, OpenFX plugins support.

Software
William Henry Bragg

Sir William Henry Bragg  (2 July 1862 – 12 March 1942) was a British physicist, chemist, mathematician and active sportsman.

Bragg shared a Nobel Prize with his son William Lawrence Bragg – the 1915 Nobel Prize in Physics.

Adelaide 
In 1885, at 23, Bragg was appointed Elder Professor of Mathematics and Experimental Physics at the University of Adelaide, and started work there early in 1886.

Bragg was an able and popular lecturer; he encouraged the formation of the student union, and the attendance, free of charge, of science teachers at his lectures.

Bragg was elected Fellow of the Royal Society in 1907.

Leeds 
Bragg returned to England at the end of 1908 and took the Cavendish Chair in Physics at the University of Leeds in 1909. He published an imporant early work on radioactivity, Studies in radioactivity, in 1912.

He invented the X-ray spectrometer, and began work with his son. Together they founded the new technique of X-ray crystallography, for which they won the Nobel Prize in Physics for 1915. That year was also marked by their book X-rays and crystal structure, the standard text for many years.

From 1914, both father and son contributed to the war effort; W.H. Bragg was connected with submarine detection, at Aberdour on Forth and at Harwich, and returned to London in 1918 as a consultant to the Admiralty.

University College London 
Bragg was appointed Quain Professor of Physics at University College London in 1915, but did not take up his duties there until after World War I.

Royal Institution 
From 1923 he was Fullerian Professor of Chemistry at the Royal Institution and director of the Davy Faraday Research Laboratory. This institution was practically rebuilt in 1929-30 and, under Bragg's directorship, many valuable papers were issued from the laboratory.

References 

1862 births
1942 deaths
English physicists
English mathematicians
Nobel Prize in Physics winners
Knights Bachelor
People from Cumbria
British Nobel Prize winners
Victor Amadeus I, Duke of Savoy

Victor Amadeus I (8 May 1587 – 7 October 1637) was the Duke of Savoy from 1630 to 1637. He was also titular King of Cyprus and Jerusalem.  He was also known as the Lion of Susa.

Biography
He was born in Turin to Charles Emmanuel I, Duke of Savoy and Catherine Micaela of Austria. He spent much of his childhood at the Spanish court in Madrid. When his brother Filippo Emanuele, Prince of Piedmont died, he became legitimate heir to the duchy and received the loyalty swore of the court at Racconigi on 21 January 1607.

After a crisis with relationships with Spain, he was married to Henry IV of France's daughter Christine Marie in 1619.

Victor Amadeus became Duke of Savoy after his father's death in 1630. Charles Emmanuel's policies had brought a great instability in the relationships with both France and Spain, and troops were needed to defend the Duchy. As money was lacking to recruit mercenaries or train indigenous soldiers, Victor Amadeus signed a peace treaty with Spain. With the Treaty of Cherasco, Savoy was given back Pinerolo, although, according to a secret point of the agreement, that important stronghold was to remain with France in exchange for Geneve.

On 25 September of that year, Victor Amadeus fell ill after a dinner offered by the Duke of Créqui. Carried to Turin, he died here on 7 October.

References
genealogy.euweb.cz

Titles, styles, honours and arms

Titles and styles

8 May 1587–21 January 1607 His Highness Victor Amadeus of Savoy
 21 January 1607–26 July 1630His Highness the Prince of Piedmont
26 July 1630–7 October 1637 His Highness the Duke of Savoy

1587 births
1637 deaths
Dukes and Duchesses of Savoy
Princes and Princesses of Piedmont
Princes and Princesses of Savoy
Alex Rider

Alex Rider is a series of spy books. It is written by British author Anthony Horowitz. The series is about a teenage spy named Alex Rider. The series is aimed at young adults. There are ten books in the series, but short stories and other books have been published too. The novels are published by Walker Books in the United Kingdom. The first novel, Stormbreaker, was published in the United Kingdom on 4 September 2000 and was adapted into a movie in 2006. Over 10 million books in the Alex Rider series have been sold worldwide.

References 

Young adult novels
Series of books
UPC-Arena

The UPC-Arena (formerly known as Arnold Schwarzenegger stadium) is a football stadium in Graz, Austria. It is the homeground of SK Sturm Graz.

History
The first stadium was built before the Second World War. In the 1950s it was renovated and expanded with a skating rink (now home of the ice hockey team Graz 99ers) and an indoor pool. In the 1970s it became home ground of the big football clubs of Graz, SK Sturm and Grazer AK. The stadium was originally named after the bodybuilder, actor and Governor of California, Arnold Schwarzenegger who was born near Graz. It was built from 1994 to  1997 and was opened with the derby Grazer AK versus SK Sturm Graz. When Governor Schwarzenegger did not pardon a prisoner from the death penalty a discussion started about the name. Governor Schwarzenegger took back the right to use his name. Now the name was Stadium Graz-Liebenau after the part of the town where it is. In 2006 the stadium was named UPC Arena after a sponsor of SK Sturm Graz. UPC is a big Austrian internet provider. Since  April 2016 it is named Merkur- Arena. Merkur is a big insurance company in Austria.

Facts
The stadium has a capacity of 15 400 in 27 sectors. For Champions League matches the capacity is expanded to 16 000. The field has a lawn heating. Two video walls and floodlight are also in the arena.

The stadium was host for the national team of Austria versus Faroe Islands on 5 September 2009 which ended 3–1 for the home team. Altogether 14 matches of the national team were held here (The first one was in 1970 versus Yugoslavia). Also the match England versus Japan on 30 May 2010 was held in the arena. The English team had a training Camp in Styria for the 2010 FIFA World Cup. The match ended 2–1 to England. In 2011 it will be one of the venues for the American Football world championship.

Football stadiums in Austria
Graz
1997 establishments in Europe
1990s establishments in Austria
Jim Parsons

James Joseph "Jim" Parsons (born March 24, 1985) is an American actor. Parsons is best known for playing the role of Sheldon Cooper in the television series, The Big Bang Theory. In 2010, he won an Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor In a Comedy Series and in 2011, he won a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor - Television Series - Musical or Comedy. Both of these awards were given to him for his role in The Big Bang Theory.

According to The New York Times, Parsons is gay.

Filmography

Movies
Nowhere to Go But Up (2003)
Garden State (2004)
The King's Inn (2005)
The Great New Wonderful (2005)
Heights (2005)
10 Items or Less (2006)
School for Scoundrels (2006)
On the Road with Judas (2007)
Gardener of Eden (2007)
The Big Year (2011)
Wish I Was Here (2014)
Home (2015)

Television
Ed as Chet (2002)
Why Blitt? as Mike (2003)
Taste as Kris (2004)
Judging Amy as Rob Holbrook (2004-05)
The Big Bang Theory as Sheldon Cooper (2007-2019)
Family Guy as Sheldon Cooper (2009)
Glenn Martin, DDS as Draven (2010)
The Super Hero Squad Show as Nightmare (2011)

References

Other websites

1963 births
Living people
Actors from Houston, Texas
LGBT people from Texas
American movie actors
American stage actors
American television actors
Emmy Award winning actors
Gay men
Golden Globe Award winning actors
LGBT actors
Johnny Galecki

John Mark "Johnny" Galecki (born April 30, 1975) is an Belgian-born American actor. Galecki is best known for playing the role of David Healy on Roseanne and Leonard Hofstadter on The Big Bang Theory.

Early life
Galecki was born in Bree, Belgium to American parents. He was raised in Oak Park, Illinois.

Personal life
Galecki dated Kaley Cuoco who is his co-star on The Big Bang Theory. They dated secretly for two years before they broke up.

In February 2012, it was revealed that Galecki was dating actress Kelli Garner since 2011.

Filmography

Movie

Television

References

Other websites

1975 births
Living people
Actors from Illinois
American child actors
American movie actors
American television actors
People from Limburg (Belgium)
Mortal Kombat: Annihilation

Mortal Kombat: Annihilation is an 1997 martial arts action/adventure movie that was produced by Lawrence Kasanoff and was directed by John R. Leonetti. It is based on the video game franchise, Mortal Kombat and is the sequel to the 1995 movie, Mortal Kombat. Mortal Kombat: Annihilation was released on November 21, 1997 in North America, February 13, 1998 in the United Kingdom and on April 9, 1998 in Australia. The movie received negative reviews with a 7% rating on Rotten Tomatoes and Metacritic gave it a 11 out of 100.

Cast 
Robin Shou as Liu Kang
Talisa Soto as Kitana
James Remar as Raiden
Sandra Hess as Sonya Blade
Lynn "Red" Williams as Jax
Brian Thompson as Shao Kahn
Irina Pantaeva as Jade
Musetta Vander as Syndel
Reiner Schöne as Shinnok
Marjean Holden as Sheeva
Litefoot as Nightwolf
Deron McBee as Motaro
Dana Lynn Hee as Mileena

Other websites 

1997 movies
1990s sequel movies
American action movies
English-language movies
Mortal Kombat movies
New Line Cinema movies
Litefoot

Gary Paul Davis (born March 1, 1969 in Upland, California), known by his stage name Litefoot, is an American rapper and actor. He is of Cherokee and Chichimeca descent. He was the first Native American person to rap and he called his style of music, Tribalistic Funk. 

David is also an actor and acted in the movies The Indian in the Cupboard in 1995, Mortal Kombat: Annihilation in 1997, Kull the Conqueror in 1997 and Adaptation in 2002.

Websites
 Litefoot's Official website

1969 births
Living people
Rap musicians from California
Singers from Los Angeles
Native American people
Bridesmaid

A bridesmaid is a member of the bride's group in a wedding. A bridesmaid is usually a young woman, and often a close friend or sister.  She helps the bride on the day of a wedding or marriage ceremony. Traditionally, bridesmaids were chosen from unmarried young women who were old enough to be married.

The main bridesmaid may be called the chief bridesmaid or maid of honor if she is unmarried, or the matron of honor if she is married. A junior bridesmaid is a girl who is clearly too young to get married, but who is included as an honorary bridesmaid.

Culture
Wivenhoe

Wivenhoe is a town near Colchester, in Essex, England. It has a local football team called Wivenhoe town F.C. 

Towns in Essex
Witham

Witham is a town near the A12 road in Essex, England. In 2001 there were 22,470 people living in Witham.

References 

Towns in Essex
Harwich

Harwich is a port town near the A120 road in Essex, England. In 2011 there were 17,684 people living in Harwich.

References 

Port cities and towns of the North Sea

Tendring
Towns in Essex
Harlow

Harlow is a former Mark One New Town and local government district in the west of Essex, England. Situated on the border with Hertfordshire, it occupies a large area of land on the south bank of the upper Stort Valley, which has been made navigable through other towns and features a canal section near its watermill. Old Harlow is a village-size suburb founded by the early medieval age and most of its high street buildings are early Victorian and residential, mostly protected by one of the Conservation Areas in the district. In Old Harlow is a field named Harlowbury, a de-settled monastic area which has the remains of a chapel, a scheduled ancient monument.

The M11 motorway passes through the east of the district, entirely to the east of the town. Harlow has its own commercial and leisure economy. It is also an outer part of the London commuter belt and employment centre of the M11 corridor which includes Cambridge and London Stansted to the north.

References 

Essex boroughs
Towns in Essex
Thaxted

Thaxted is a town in Essex, England. In 2001 there were 2,576 people living in Thaxted.

References 

Towns in Essex
Uttlesford
Halstead

Halstead is a town and civil parish in Braintree district, Essex, England. In 2001 there were 11,053 people living in Halstead.

References 

Towns in Essex
Civil parishes in Essex
Coggeshall

Coggeshall is a town near the A120 road, in Essex, England. In 2001 there were 4,327 people living in Coggeshall.

References 

Towns in Essex
Alice in Wonderland (2010 movie)

Alice in Wonderland is a 2010 British-American fantasy adventure movie with Mia Wasikowska, Johnny Depp, Helena Bonham Carter, Anne Hathaway, Crispin Glover, Michael Sheen, Matt Lucas, Barbara Windsor, Christopher Lee, Alan Rickman, Michael Gough and Stephen Fry.

It is based on the Alice in Wonderland book written by Lewis Carroll. The score is by Danny Elfman.

References

Other websites
 

2010 movies
2010 3D movies
2010s adventure movies

2010s fantasy movies
2010s American adventure movies
American family movies
2010s American fantasy movies
British adventure movies
British family movies
British fantasy movies
English-language movies
Movies based on books
Movies composed by Danny Elfman
Movies directed by Tim Burton
Disney movie remakes
2010s feminist movies
Closing credits

Closing credits (or end credits) are shown at the end of a movie or television show.  They usually say who the actors were in the movie.  They also include who helped make the movie, such as the director and the producer.

References

Movie industry
Humanitarian aid

Humanitarian aid is aid given with respect of human dignity with a spirit of human nature to people in war, disaster including natural disaster and to refugees according to laws of war and international human rights law. To this end International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement and Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs exist.

Related pages

 Humanitarianism
 International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement
 Refugee
 Natural disaster

Human rights
Altruism
Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs

Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs is an organization of the United Nations for humanitarian aid started in 1991.

Other website 
Office for the Coodination of Humanitarian Affairs

Human rights
United Nations

de:UN-Nothilfekoordinator#OCHA
Three Days Grace

Three Days Grace is a Canadian alternative rock band. They formed in 1992 in Norwood, Ontario as a post-grunge band and were originally called Groundswell. There are four members in the band: Adam Gontier, Barry Stock, Neil Sanderson and Brad Walst. The band was named "Number One Rock Artist of the Year" by Billboard. 

Gontier resigned from the band on January 9, 2013 due to a "non-life threatening" health issue and was replaced by My Darkest Days lead singer Matt Walst.

Discography

Studio albums
2003: Three Days Grace
2006: One-X
2009: Life Starts Now
2012: Transit of Venus
2015: Human
2018: Outsider

References

Other websites
Three Days Grace's official website

1990s music groups
1992 establishments in Canada
2000s music groups
2010s music groups
Canadian hard rock bands
Post-grunge bands
Musical groups established in 1992
Three Days Grace (album)

Three Days Grace is the first studio album by Canadian rock band, Three Days Grace. It was released on July 22, 2003. The producer of the album was Gavin Brown. The album peaked at #69 on the U.S. Billboard 200 and #9 on the Canadian Albums Chart.

Songs

References

2003 albums
Debut albums
Three Days Grace albums
Heavy metal albums
One-X

One-X is the second studio album by Canadian rock band, Three Days Grace. It was released on June 13, 2006. The producer of the album was Howard Benson. The album peaked at #5 on the U.S. Billboard 200 and #2 on the Canadian Albums Chart. The songs "Riot" and "Animal I Have Become" were featured in the video game, WWE SmackDown vs. Raw 2010.

Songs

References

2006 albums
Three Days Grace albums
Life Starts Now

Life Starts Now is the third studio album by Canadian rock band, Three Days Grace. It was released on September 22, 2009. The producer of the album was Howard Benson. The album was certified Platinum in Canada and was also certified Gold in the US. The album peaked at #3 on the U.S. Billboard 200 and at #2 on the Canadian Albums Chart.

Songs

References

2009 albums
Three Days Grace albums
Sindh Qalanders

Sindh Qalanders is a field hockey team for the Sindh Province in Pakistan.  They play in the Pakistan Hockey Federation.

Sport in Pakistan
Field hockey
Amsterdam Museum

The Amsterdam Museum is a museum in Amsterdam.  Before 2011 it was called the Amsterdams Historisch Museum. It is in the old orphanage between Kalverstraat and Nieuwezijds Voorburgwal.

History
Since 1975, the museum has been in a building that was first built in 1580 as Amsterdam's orphanage.

The museum has paintings and old photographs and a cafe.

References

Museums in the Netherlands
Amsterdam
Lawrence Bragg

Sir William Lawrence Bragg CH OBE MC FRS (31 March 1890 – 1 July 1971) was an Australian-born British physicist and X-ray crystallographer.

Bragg was always known as Sir Lawrence Bragg, and his father was Sir William Bragg. Lawrence Bragg was educated in Adelaide, Australia and in England. He was awarded the Military Cross in World War I.

Lawrence Bragg discovered (1912) the Bragg law of X-ray diffraction, the basis of X-ray crystallography. He was joint winner (with his father, Sir William Bragg) of the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1915.

To date, Lawrence Bragg is the youngest Nobel Laureate. He was the director of the Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge, when the discovery of the structure of DNA was made by James D. Watson and Francis Crick in February 1953.

He was elected an FRS in 1921. He was knighted by George VI in 1941, and received both the Copley Medal and the Royal Medal of the Royal Society.

References 

1890 births
1971 deaths
British Nobel Prize winners
English physicists
Knights Bachelor
Nobel Prize in Physics winners
People from Adelaide
Scientists from South Australia
Australian Nobel Prize winners
Hoverfly

Hoverflies, sometimes called 'flower flies' or 'syrphid flies', are the insect family Syrphidae. Hoverflies mimic wasp stripes, and are usually smaller than wasps. Thus to a bird they may look scarcely worth eating, and dangerous. 

As their common name suggests, they are often seen hovering or sucking nectar at flowers. The adults of many species feed mainly on nectar and pollen, while the larvae (maggots) eat a wide range of foods.

In some species, the larvae are saprotrophs, eating decaying plant and animal matter in the soil or in ponds and streams. In other species, the larvae are insectivores and prey on aphids, thrips, and other plant-sucking insects.

Aphids alone cause tens of millions of dollars of damage to crops worldwide every year. Hoverflies are important natural enemies of these pests, and can be used in biological control. Some adult syrphid flies are important pollinators. Some orchids mimic aphid alarm scent (pheromones), which attracts hoverflies. The hoverflies then pollinate the orchids.
 
About 6,000 species in 200 genera have been described. Hoverflies are common throughout the world and can be found on most continent except Antarctica.

Hoverflies are harmless to most other animals despite their mimicry of the black and yellow stripes of wasps. They are a classic example of Batesian mimicry. The Batesian mimic is a sheep in wolf's clothing: it looks like something dangerous or which tastes disgusting, but in reality it is good to eat. Hover flies look roughly like little wasps, and their warning colouration is well-known to birds.

Unlike adults, the maggots of hoverflies feed on a variety of foods. Predatory species benefit farmers and gardeners, because aphids destroy crops. Hoverfly maggots are often used in biological control.

Related pages 
Halteres
Mimicry

References 

Flies
Mimicry
Atomkraft

Atomkraft are an English heavy metal band who were part of the New Wave of British Heavy Metal movement. They formed in 1979 and disbanded 1988. Their "Total Metal" approach is somewhere between fellow NWOBHM bands such as Motörhead and Venom, punk rock bands such as The Dickies, and early Exodus or Slayer.

Discography
 1981 - Demon - Demo
 1983 - Total Metal - Demo
 1985 - Pour the Metal In - Demo
 1985 – Future Warriors - LP
 1986 - Queen of Death - EP
 1987 - Conductors of Noize - Mini LP
 2004 - Total Metal: The Neat Anthology - Compilation CD

Line-up
 Tony Dolan - bass/vocals (1979-1986, 1988), (2005-) (Venom, Mantas, Raubtier)
 Steve Mason - drums (2005-) (Iron Fire, Blinded by Fear)
 Payre Hulkoffgarden - guitars (2005-) (Viperine, Karyan, Raubtier)

Previous members

Vocals
 Ian Davison Swift (1986-1988) (Satan, Avenger)

Guitars
 Ian Legg (1979)
 Chris Taylor (1979)
 Sean Drew (1979-1983)
 Steve White (1980-1983) (Venom, War Machine)
 Neil Rander (1985)
 Rob Mathew (1985-1988) (Agankast)
 Raggy (1986)

Bass
 Mark Irvine (1981-1982)
 Darren "D.C. Rage"(1986-1988)

Drums
 Paul Spillet (1979-1983)
 IG (1986)
 Ged "Wolf" Cook (1985-1988) (Tysondog)

British record labels
1979 establishments in the United Kingdom
1988 disestablishments in the United Kingdom
James Wisniewski

James Joseph Wisniewski (born February 21, 1984 in Canton, Michigan) is an NHL ice hockey defenceman that is currently an unrestricted agent. He was selected by the Chicago Blackhawks with the 156th overall pick in the 2002 NHL Draft.

Wisniewski also played for the Chicago Blackhawks for 4 seasons, the Anaheim Ducks for 2 seasons, the New York Islanders for 1 season and the Montreal Canadiens for 1 season before his rights were traded to the Columbus Blue Jackets for a conditional seventh-round draft pick in 2012 for the Canadiens. The draft pick will become a fifth-rounder if Columbus actually signs Wisniewski.

Awards 
He was named to the OHL First All-Rookie Team in the 2000-01 season.
He was named to the OHL First All-Star Team in the 2003-04 season.
He won the OHL Max Kaminsky Trophy in the 2003-04 season.
He was named to the CHL First All-Star Team in the 2003-04 season.
He was named the CHL Defenceman of the Year in the 2003-04 season.

References

Other websites 
James Wisniewski's Official website

1984 births
American ice hockey players
Anaheim Ducks players
Carolina Hurricanes players
Chicago Blackhawks players
Columbus Blue Jackets players
Montreal Canadiens players
New York Islanders players
Sportspeople from Michigan
Living people
American Hockey League players
Ontario Hockey League players
Ice hockey defencemen
Tony Dolan

Tony "Demolition" Dolan (also known as The Demolition Man) is an English musician, best known as bassist and vocalist of heavy metal bands Atomkraft and Venom.

Discography

With Atomkraft
 Future Warriors (1985)
 Queen of Death (EP) (1986)
 Tonpress (1987)
 Conductors of Noize (1987)
 Total Metal - The NEAT Anthology (2005)

With Venom
 Prime Evil (1989)
 Tear Your Soul Apart (EP) (1990)
 Temples of Ice (1991)
 The Waste Lands (1992)

Filmography
 Judge Dredd (1995) - Ivan
 Master and Commander: The Far Side of the World (2003) - Mr. Lamb, Carpenter
 Battlefield Britain (2004) - Royal Musketeer/Prisoner
 Dirty War (2004) - Lead TSG Officer

Living people
1964 births
English musicians
Mark LaVarre

Mark LaVarre (born February 21, 1965 in Evanston, Illinois) is a retired American professional ice hockey right winger who played a career total of 78 games in the NHL. He played his entire NHL career with the Chicago Black Hawks. He was drafted by the Chicago Black Hawks with the 119th overall pick in the sixth round of the 1983 NHL Draft.

Other websites

1965 births
American ice hockey players
Chicago Blackhawks players
Living people
Sportspeople from Illinois
Mike Eagles

Michael Bryant Eagles (born March 7, 1963 in Sussex, New Brunswick) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey left winger who played a career total of 853 games in the NHL. He played 4 seasons with the Quebec Nordiques, 2 seasons with the Chicago Blackhawks, 5 seasons with the Winnipeg Jets and 6 seasons with the Washington Capitals. He was drafted by the Quebec Nordiques with the 116th overall pick in the 1981 NHL Draft.

Other websites

1963 births
American Hockey League players
Billings Bighorns players
Canadian ice hockey left wingers
Chicago Blackhawks players
Ice hockey people from New Brunswick
International Hockey League (1945–2001) players
Living people
Ontario Hockey League players
Quebec Nordiques players
Washington Capitals players
Winnipeg Jets (1979–96) players
Superman's Dead

"Superman's Dead'" is a 1996 alternative rock/post-grunge song by the Canadian alternative rock band Our Lady Peace and is the first single from their second studio album Clumsy, which was released in 1997. The song was written by Raine Maida and Mike Turner.

The song is about how much TV that children watch and also the content of it. The song looks at the dark expectations that are garnered from media images.

The song is one of the most popular song's from Our Lady Peace and is also a definitive example of Our Lady Peace's staple sound with the main thing being Raine Maida's voice.

Our Lady Peace songs
1996 songs
Naveed (song)

"Naveed'" is a 1995 alternative rock/post-grunge song by the Canadian alternative rock band Our Lady Peace and is the first single from their debut studio album Naveed, which was released in 1994. The song was written by Raine Maida.

Meaning of the song

Our Lady Peace songs
1995 songs
Supersatellite

"Supersatellite'" is a 1995 alternative rock song by the Canadian alternative rock band Our Lady Peace and is the fourth single from their debut studio album Naveed, which was released in 1994. The song was written by Raine Maida and was produced by Arnold Lanni.

The song was inspired by a book from Ken Carey.

Our Lady Peace songs
1995 songs
Hope (Our Lady Peace song)

"Hope'" is a 1994 alternative rock song by the Canadian alternative rock band Our Lady Peace and is the third single from their debut studio album Naveed, which was released in 1994. The song was written by Raine Maida and was produced by Arnold Lanni.

The meaning of the song is about a girl named Hope who going into insanity and thinks she's a sunflower so she climbs on top of a piano and reaches for the sun.

Our Lady Peace songs
1994 songs
Starseed (song)

"Starseed'" is a 1994 alternative rock song by the Canadian alternative rock band Our Lady Peace and is the second single from their debut studio album Naveed, which was released in 1994. The song was written by Raine Maida and was produced by Arnold Lanni.

Meaning of the song

Our Lady Peace songs
1994 songs
The Birdman

"The Birdman" is a 1994 alternative rock song by the Canadian alternative rock band Our Lady Peace and is the first single from their debut studio album Naveed, which was released in 1994. The song was written by Raine Maida and was produced by Arnold Lanni.

Meaning of the song

Our Lady Peace songs
1994 songs
Life (Our Lady Peace song)

"'Life'" is a 2000 alternative rock song by the Canadian alternative rock band Our Lady Peace and is the second single from their fourth studio album Spiritual Machines, which was released in 2000. The song was written by Raine Maida and was produced by both Arnold Lanni and Raine Maida. The song was nominated for "Best Single" at the 2002 Juno Awards.

Our Lady Peace songs
2000 songs
In Repair (Our Lady Peace song)

"In Repair" is a 2000 alternative rock song by the Canadian alternative rock band Our Lady Peace and is the first single from their fourth studio album Spiritual Machines, which was released in 2000. The song was written by Raine Maida and was produced by Arnold Lanni.

Meaning of the song

Our Lady Peace songs
2000 songs
Thief (Our Lady Peace song)

"'Thief'" is a 1999 alternative rock song by the Canadian alternative rock band Our Lady Peace and is the third single from their third studio album Happiness... Is Not a Fish That You Can Catch, which was released in 1999. The song was written by Raine Maida and was produced by Arnold Lanni.

Meaning of the song
Our Lady Peace said that the song was about a young girl from Kitchener, Ontario named Mina Kim who had a cancerous tumor in her brain. The word thief in the song refers to the tumor and at the end of the song there is a sound clip of a young girl that is actually Mina Kim singing a "Little By Little" with Maida's wife Chantal Kreviazuk.

Our Lady Peace songs
1999 songs
Is Anybody Home?

"'Is Anybody Home?'" is a 2000 alternative rock song by the Canadian alternative rock band Our Lady Peace and is the second single from their third studio album Happiness... Is Not a Fish That You Can Catch, which was released in 1999. The song was written by Raine Maida and was produced by Arnold Lanni.

Our Lady Peace songs
2000 songs
One Man Army (song)

"'One Man Army'" is a 1999 alternative rock song by the Canadian alternative rock band Our Lady Peace and is the first single from their third studio album Happiness...Is Not a Fish That You Can Catch, which was released in 1999. The song was written by Raine Maida and was produced by Arnold Lanni. The song is sometimes mistakenly called "Falling".

Meaning of the song

Our Lady Peace songs
1999 songs
Clumsy (Our Lady Peace song)

"'Clumsy'" is a 1997 alternative rock song by the Canadian alternative rock band Our Lady Peace and is the second single from their second studio album Clumsy, which was released in 1997. The song was written by Raine Maida and Mike Turner and was produced by Arnold Lanni. The song was featured on the soundtrack to the movie, I Know What You Did Last Summer.

Meaning of the song

Our Lady Peace songs
1997 songs
4 AM (Our Lady Peace song)

"'4 AM'" is a 1998 alternative rock song by the Canadian alternative rock band Our Lady Peace and is the fourth single from their second studio album Clumsy, which was released in 1997. The song was written by Raine Maida and was produced by Arnold Lanni. They thought of the name 4 AM because they wrote the song at 4:00 AM and Raine Maida's father, Anthony Maida has the initials "AM".

Our Lady Peace songs
1998 songs
Right Behind You (Mafia)

"'Right Behind You (Mafia)'" is a 2001 alternative rock/post-grunge song by the Canadian alternative rock band Our Lady Peace and is the third single from their fourth studio album Spiritual Machines, which was released in 2000. The song was written by Raine Maida and Mike Turner and was produced by both Arnold Lanni and Raine Maida.

Meaning of the song
The song was inspired by Ray Kurzweil's book, The Age of Spiritual Machines, and was written as more of a retort to Kurzweil's predictions which Raine noticed didn't involve the human spirit as a factor.

Our Lady Peace songs
2001 songs
Somewhere Out There (Our Lady Peace song)

"'Somewhere Out There'" is a 2002 alternative rock song by the Canadian alternative rock band Our Lady Peace and is the first single from their fifth studio album Gravity, which was released in 2002. The song was written by Raine Maida. The song was the most successful song on the album and was also the most internationally successful single ever released by the band.

Our Lady Peace songs
2002 songs
Innocent (Our Lady Peace song)

"'Innocent'" is a 2002 alternative rock song by the Canadian alternative rock band Our Lady Peace and is the second single from their fifth studio album Gravity, which was released in 2002. The song was written by Raine Maida and was produced by Bob Rock.

Meaning of the song
The song is about people that are suffering which also includes a girl with cancer. Maida stated in 2002 that Innocent was his favorite song on the Gravity album and said that "I wrote this song over a year ago and I was originally hesitant to play it for the band, but once we got into the studio and began working with Bob we were able to make it an Our Lady Peace song.".

Our Lady Peace songs
2002 songs
Suspension (chemistry)

In chemistry, a suspension is a mixture of two or more components. In a suspension, very small pieces of solid are mixed in a liquid but do not dissolve.   If left still, the solid pieces will separate from the liquid and either fall to the bottom or rise to the top. Sand in water and flour in water are examples of suspensions. Suspensions may separate quickly or stay suspended for a long time, depending on what they contain.

If a liquid is suspended in another liquid, it is called an emulsion. Milk is an emulsion. If a liquid is suspended in a gas it is an aerosol. Mist is an aerosol.

References 

Chemistry
New Wave of British Heavy Metal

The New Wave of British Heavy Metal (NWOBHM) was a heavy metal movement that started in the late 1970s, in  Britain.  It was well known around the world by the early 1980s.  The movement developed as a reaction in part to the decline of early heavy metal bands such as Deep Purple, Led Zeppelin and Black Sabbath

Some NWOBHM bands are Saxon, Motörhead, Diamond Head, and Iron Maiden
 

Heavy metal
Blossoms in the Dust

Blossoms in the Dust is an 1941 drama movie that was produced by Irving Asher and Mervyn LeRoy and was directed by Mervyn LeRoy. Blossoms in the Dust was released on July 25, 1941 in North America. The movie won an Academy Award for Best Art Direction-Interior Decoration, Color and was also nominated for Best Actress in a Leading Role, Best Cinematography, Color and Best Picture.

Cast 
 Greer Garson as Edna Kahly Gladney
 Walter Pidgeon as Samuel 'Sam' Gladney
 Felix Bressart as Doctor Max Breslar
 Marsha Hunt as Charlotte Kahly
 Fay Holden as Mrs. Kahly
 Samuel S. Hinds as Mr. George Kahly
 Kathleen Howard as Mrs. Sarah Keats
 George Lessey as Mr. Keats
 William Henry as Allan Keats
 Henry O'Neill as Judge Hartford
 John Eldredge as Damon McPherson, Edna's Fiancé
 Clinton Rosemond as Zeke, Edna's Servant
 Theresa Harris as Cleo, Edna's Maid
 Charles Arnt as G. Harrington Hedger
 Cecil Cunningham as Mrs. Marcus Gilworth
 Lucky Frye as one of the children

Other websites 
Blossoms in the Dust at the TCM Movie Database

1941 movies
1940s drama movies
MGM movies
Movies directed by Mervyn LeRoy
American drama movies
Dreidel

A Dreidel (סביבון,דרעידעל) is a four-sided top which is played in the Hanukkah season by Jewish people. It is game of luck which uses candy, coins or other betting tokens.

Rules
The players start out with 10 or 15 tokens. Each player puts one token in the pot. The Dreidel has four sides. נ (Nun), ג (Gimel), ה (Hei), and ש (Shin). Nun means that the player does nothing. Gimel means that the player gets all the tokens from the pot. Hei means that the player gets half of the tokens from the pot. And Shin means that the player has to put one token in the pot. 

If the Pot is empty, each player puts one token in the pot. If the pot has an odd number of tokens, one player puts one token in the pot. The player is out if he/she runs out of tokens. Whoever is left standing, or has the most tokens at the end wins the game.

References

Other websites 

 Dreidel Wizard
 The Origin of the Dreidel 
 Computer program that plays the dreidel game (with full Java source code)
 Dreidel Design 
 Types of Dreidels 

games
Hanukkah
Is Anybody Out There

"Is Anybody Out There" is a song recorded by American pop group Maroon 5. The song was recorded in Europe at Coca Cola Music Studios on March 21, 2011. The song set a world record for being the first song in music history to be written, produced, and recorded within a 24-hours.

Maroon 5 songs
2011 songs
Wedding Crashers

Wedding Crashers is a 2005 American romantic comedy movie that was produced by Peter Abrams, Toby Kiccumshot, Robert L. Levy, Cale Boyter, Andrew Panay and Richard Brener and was directed by David Dobkin. Wedding Crashers was released on July 15, 2005 in North America. The movie received positive reviews with a 75% rating on Rotten Tomatoes and a 64 out of 100 from Metacritic.

Cast 
 Owen Wilson as John Beckwith
 Vince Vaughn as Jeremy Grey
 Christopher Walken as United States Secretary of the Treasury William Cleary
 Rachel McAdams as Claire Cleary
 Isla Fisher as Gloria Cleary
 Jane Seymour as Kathleen "Kitty Kat" Cleary
 Ellen Albertini Dow as "Grandma" Mary Cleary
 Keir O'Donnell as Todd Cleary
 Bradley Cooper as Sack Lodge
 Henry Gibson as Father O'Neil
 Jennifer Alden as Christina Cleary
 Will Ferrell (uncredited) as Chaz Reinhold
 Diora Baird as Vivian
 Dwight Yoakam as Mr. Kroger
 Rebecca De Mornay as Mrs. Kroger
 James Carville as Himself (cameo)
 John McCain as Himself (cameo)

Release dates

Other websites 
 Wedding Crashers' Official website
 
 

2005 comedy movies
2005 romance movies
2000s romantic comedy movies
2000s sex comedy movies
American romantic comedy movies
American sex comedy movies
English-language movies
Movies about weddings
Superbad (movie)

Superbad is a 2007 American teen sex comedy movie. It was produced by Judd Apatow, Evan Goldberg, Seth Rogen and Shauna Robertson and was directed by Greg Mottola. Superbad was released on August 17, 2007 in North America. The movie received positive reviews with a 87% rating on Rotten Tomatoes and a 76 out of 100 from Metacritic.

Cast 
 Jonah Hill as Seth
 Michael Cera as Evan
 Christopher Mintz-Plasse as Fogell/McLovin'
 Bill Hader as Officer Slater
 Seth Rogen as Officer Michaels
 Martha MacIsaac as Becca
 Emma Stone as Jules
 Aviva Baumann as Nicola
 Joe Lo Truglio as Francis the Driver
 Kevin Corrigan as Mark
 Clark Duke as Teen at the Party

Other websites 
Superbad's official website
 
 

2007 movies
2000s buddy movies
2000s sex comedy movies
2000s teen comedy movies
American sex comedy movies
American teen comedy movies
English-language movies
Movies about virginity
Shenton Way

Shenton Way is a major road in Singapore. It is part of the Central Business District (CBD) area that is found at the south of Singapore. Together with Raffles Place, it forms part of Singapore's first CBD area. This road is a one way street that starts at the junction of Cross Street, Central Boulevard and Raffles Quay and ends at Keppel Road. The road was named after Sir Shenton Thomas, the Governor of Singapore in 1934–1946, to commemorate his decision to stay in the city during the Japanese Occupation of Singapore.

This road was officially opened in 1951 and became Singapore's version of Wall Street in the 1970s when many business started building their offices there.

Buildings along Shenton Way
 8 Shenton
 DBS Building
 Marina House
 MAS Building
 One Shenton (still building)
 SGX Centre (Singapore Exchange)
 Shenton House
 Singapore Conference Hall
 UIC Building

Transport in Singapore