cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Juniper berry

The juniper berry is the female seed cone made by the different kinds of junipers. It is not a true berry, but its unusual roundness and merged scales make it look like a berry. Some of the cones are used as spices. Juniper berries are also used to flavour gin. According to a FAO document, juniper berries are the only spice that comes from conifers. However, tar and bark from pine trees are sometimes thought of as spices, too.

References

Other websites 
 

Cupressaceae
Spices
Henry Kissinger

Henry Alfred Wolfgang Kissinger (born Heinz Alfred Wolfgang Kissinger on May 27, 1923), , is an American political scientist, diplomat, and winner of the Nobel Peace Prize. He served as  both National Security Advisor and later as Secretary of State in the Nixon Administration and the Ford Administration.

Early life
Kissinger was born in Germany in 1923. As a German Jew, it was not safe for him to stay in Germany after Adolf Hitler came to power, and he left for the United States in 1933. He fought for the US against the Nazis in World War Two.

Nixon administration
Kissinger was Richard Nixon's most trusted advisor on foreign affairs. He was in government during the Cold War and promoted what he called "realpolitik" in dealing with the Soviet Union and Communist China. He was a major force behind the 1973 ceasefire in the Vietnam War. He won a Nobel Peace Prize for the ceasefire, but the agreement fell apart in 1975. Under Kissinger, the US opened up relations to China, which is considered one of his biggest successes. He also supported détente, an easing of the rivalry with the Soviets.

Later years
In his later years, Kissinger — along with William Perry, Sam Nunn, and George Shultz — called upon governments to reduce nuclear weapons, and in three Wall Street Journal articles proposed a program of urgent steps to that end. The four have created the Nuclear Security Project to advance this cause.

Legacy
His legacy is often debated by historians. Some people criticize him, even calling him a criminal, for his tactics during the cold war, notably supporting a military junta in Chile and backing Pakistan during the Bangladesh War. Many people, however, consider Kissinger a great figure in modern American history who ended the Vietnam War, opened up China, and supported peace in the Cold War.

References

Other websites

Annotated Bibliography for Henry Kissinger from the Alsos Digital Library for Nuclear Issues 
Official Website of Henry A. Kissinger

"Charlie Rose"  A conversation with Henry Kissinger, December 16, 2008
Henry Kissinger speaks at the Asia Society, NYC, February 2007 
Kissinger's political donations 
NPR: Kissinger Speech at National Press Club . Towards the end [55:55], he responds to Hitchens.

1923 births
Living people
American autobiographers
American military personnel of World War II
American Nobel Prize winners
American political scientists
Chancellors of the College of William & Mary
German Jews
Harvard University alumni
Jewish American politicians
Jewish American writers
Jewish Nobel Prize winners
Naturalized citizens of the United States
Nobel Peace Prize winners
People of the Vietnam War
Politicians from Bavaria
Time People of the Year
United States Secretaries of State
German Nobel Prize winners
Akihiro Endō

is a former Japanese football player. His brother Yasuhito Endo is also a footballer.

Biography
Endo was born in Kagoshima on September 18, 1975. After graduating from Kagoshima Jitsugyo High School, he joined J1 League club Yokohama Marinos (later Yokohama F. Marinos) in 1994. He debuted in 1995 and he played many matches as midfielder after the debut. In 1995, the club won the champions J1 League. From 1999, he became a regular player and the club won 2001 J.League Cup, 2003 and 2004 J1 League. However his opportunity to play decreased in 2005 and he moved to Vissel Kobe in July 2005. He retired end of 2007 season.

In July 1996, Endo was selected the Japan U-23 national team for 1996 Summer Olympics. At this tournament, he wore the number 10 shirt for Japan and played 1 match against Brazil in first match. Japan won Brazil and it was known as "Miracle of Miami" (マイアミの奇跡) in Japan.

Statistics

|-
|1994||rowspan="5"|Yokohama Marinos||rowspan="5"|J1 League||0||0||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||0||0
|-
|1995||19||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||20||0
|-
|1996||2||1||0||0||4||0||colspan="2"|-||6||1
|-
|1997||15||0||2||0||3||0||colspan="2"|-||20||0
|-
|1998||16||1||1||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||17||1
|-
|1999||rowspan="7"|Yokohama F. Marinos||rowspan="7"|J1 League||29||4||3||0||2||0||colspan="2"|-||34||4
|-
|2000||29||3||3||0||5||0||colspan="2"|-||37||3
|-
|2001||30||1||1||0||8||2||colspan="2"|-||39||3
|-
|2002||20||0||2||0||4||1||colspan="2"|-||26||1
|-
|2003||26||3||3||0||7||1||colspan="2"|-||36||4
|-
|2004||22||1||1||0||4||0||2||0||29||1
|-
|2005||2||0||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||2||0
|-
|2005||rowspan="3"|Vissel Kobe||J1 League||15||0||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||15||0
|-
|2006||J2 League||1||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||2||0
|-
|2007||J1 League||3||0||0||0||3||0||colspan="2"|-||6||0
229||14||18||0||40||4||2||0||289||18
229||14||18||0||40||4||2||0||289||18
|}

References

Other websites

1975 births
Living people
Footballers from Kagoshima Prefecture
J1 League players
J2 League players
Yokohama F. Marinos players
Vissel Kobe players
Footballers at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Fernando Moner

Fernando Moner (born 30 December 1967) is a former Argentine football player.

Club career statistics 

|-
|1988/89||rowspan="3"|All Nippon Airways||rowspan="3"|JSL Division 1||||||||||||||||
|-
|1989/90||||||||||||||||
|-
|1990/91||20||1||||||4||1||24||2
|-
|1993||rowspan="2"|Yokohama Flügels||rowspan="2"|J. League 1||29||3||4||2||5||1||38||6
|-
|1994||31||0||2||0||2||0||35||0
|-
|2002||Yokohama||J. League 2||11||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||12||0
91||4||7||2||11||2||109||8
91||4||7||2||11||2||109||8
|}

References 

1967 births
Living people
Argentine footballers
Sportspeople from Buenos Aires
Toshiaki Imai

Toshiaki Imai (born 29 December 1954) is a former Japanese football player. He has played for Fujitsu.

References

1954 births
Living people
Footballers from Saitama Prefecture
Vanderlei Luxemburgo

Vanderlei Luxemburgo (born 10 May 1952) is a former Brazilian football player and football coach. He has been four times winner of Campeonato Brasileiro Série A, which is a record.

References 

1952 births
Living people
Brazilian footballers
Brazilian football managers
Shinya Aikawa

Shinya Aikawa (born 26 July 1983) is a former Japanese football player.

Club career statistics

|-
|2002||rowspan="6"|Consadole Sapporo||J. League 1||4||2||0||0||1||0||5||2
|-
|2003||rowspan="5"|J. League 2||11||0||2||1||colspan="2"|-||13||1
|-
|2004||40||7||3||1||colspan="2"|-||43||8
|-
|2005||34||9||1||0||colspan="2"|-||35||9
|-
|2006||35||9||4||4||colspan="2"|-||39||13
|-
|2007||9||1||0||0||colspan="2"|-||9||1
|-
|2007||rowspan="2"|Gifu||Football League||8||4||colspan="2"|-||colspan="2"|-||8||4
|-
|2008||J. League 2||14||1||2||1||colspan="2"|-||16||2
155||33||12||7||1||0||168||40
155||33||12||7||1||0||168||40
|}

References

1983 births
Living people
Footballers from Saitama Prefecture
Takuto Hayashi

Takuto Hayashi (born 9 August 1982) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Vegalta Sendai.

Club career statistics

|-
|2001||rowspan="4"|Sanfrecce Hiroshima||rowspan="2"|J. League 1||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|2002||1||0||4||0||0||0||5||0
|-
|2003||J. League 2||1||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||1||0
|-
|2004||J. League 1||0||0||0||0||1||0||1||0
|-
|2005||rowspan="3"|Consadole Sapporo||rowspan="3"|J. League 2||33||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||33||0
|-
|2006||38||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||39||0
|-
|2007||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||0||0
|-
|2007||rowspan="4"|Vegalta Sendai||rowspan="3"|J. League 2||19||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||19||0
|-
|2008||41||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||42||0
|-
|2009||51||0||4||0||colspan="2"|-||55||0
|-
|2010||J. League 1||||||||||||||||
184||0||10||0||1||0||195||0
184||0||10||0||1||0||195||0
|}

1982 births
Living people
Footballers from Osaka Prefecture
People from Osaka
Norihiro Yamagishi

Norihiro Yamagishi (born 17 May 1978) is a Japanese football player. He plays for Urawa Red Diamonds.

Club career statistics

|-
|2001||rowspan="10"|Urawa Red Diamonds||rowspan="10"|J. League 1||0||0||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||0||0
|-
|2002||26||0||1||0||3||0||colspan="2"|-||30||0
|-
|2003||10||0||1||0||5||0||colspan="2"|-||16||0
|-
|2004||11||0||4||0||2||0||colspan="2"|-||17||0
|-
|2005||1||0||3||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||5||0
|-
|2006||24||0||0||0||6||0||colspan="2"|-||30||0
|-
|2007||1||0||1||0||1||0||0||0||3||0
|-
|2008||1||0||1||0||3||0||1||0||6||0
|-
|2009||11||0||1||0||8||0||colspan="2"|-||20||0
|-
|2010||||||||||||||||||||
85||0||12||0||29||0||1||0||127||0
85||0||12||0||29||0||1||0||127||0
|}

References
Urawa Red Diamonds 

1978 births
Living people
Footballers from Saitama Prefecture
Ryota Tsuzuki

is a former Japanese football player. He played for the Japan national team.

Biography
Tsuzuki was born in Heguri, Nara on April 18, 1978. After graduating from Kunimi High School, he joined J1 League side Gamba Osaka in 1997. He became the first choice goalkeeper in 2000 dislodging Hayato Okanaka but he was transferred to Urawa Reds at the end of the 2002 season after a row with manager Akira Nishino. At Reds, he battles with Norihiro Yamagishi for the position. From 2005, he completely played as first goalkeeper except for 2006 for injury. The club won the champions 2006 J1 League, 2003 J.League Cup, 2005 and 2006 Emperor's Cup. In Asia, the club won the champions 2007 AFC Champions League and also won the 3rd place 2007 Club World Cup. However his opportunity to play decreased due to injury from 2009. He moved to Shonan Bellmare in June 2010. He retired end of the 2010 season.

In September 2000, Tsuzuki was selected the Japan U-23 national team for 2000 Summer Olympics. But he did not play in the match behind Seigo Narazaki. In February 2001, Tsuzuki was selected the Japan national team for 2001 Confederations Cup. At this tournament, on April 8, he debuted against Brazil. Although he played only one game, Japan won the 2nd place. Because Yoshikatsu Kawaguchi and Seigo Narazaki played most matches for Japan in 2000s, Tsuzuki could hardly play in the match. He played 6 games for Japan until 2009.

Statistics

|-
|1997||rowspan="6"|Gamba Osaka||rowspan="6"|J1 League||0||0||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||0||0
|-
|1998||1||0||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||1||0
|-
|1999||2||0||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||2||0
|-
|2000||19||0||4||0||2||0||colspan="2"|-||25||0
|-
|2001||29||0||3||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||33||0
|-
|2002||12||0||0||0||3||0||colspan="2"|-||15||0
|-
|2003||rowspan="8"|Urawa Reds||rowspan="8"|J1 League||20||0||0||0||7||0||colspan="2"|-||27||0
|-
|2004||19||0||0||0||7||0||colspan="2"|-||26||0
|-
|2005||33||0||3||0||9||0||colspan="2"|-||45||0
|-
|2006||11||0||5||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||17||0
|-
|2007||33||0||0||0||1||0||12||0||46||0
|-
|2008||33||0||1||0||2||0||3||0||39||0
|-
|2009||23||0||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||23||0
|-
|2010||0||0||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||0||0
|-
|2010||Shonan Bellmare||J1 League||15||0||0||0||0||0||colspan="2"|-||15||0
250||0||16||0||33||0||15||0||314||0
250||0||16||0||33||0||15||0||314||0
|}

|-
|2001||2||0
|-
|2002||0||0
|-
|2003||0||0
|-
|2004||1||0
|-
|2005||0||0
|-
|2006||0||0
|-
|2007||0||0
|-
|2008||0||0
|-
|2009||3||0
|-
!Total||6||0
|}

References

Other websites

1978 births
Living people
Footballers from Nara Prefecture
Japan international footballers
J1 League players
Gamba Osaka players
Urawa Red Diamonds players
Shonan Bellmare players
2001 FIFA Confederations Cup players
Footballers at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Robson Ponte

Robson Ponte (born 6 November 1976) is a Brazilian football player. He plays for Urawa Red Diamonds.

Club career statistics

|-
|1995||rowspan="2"|Juventus||||||||||||||||||||||
|-
|1996||||1||0||||||||||||||1||0
|-
|1997||América-SP||||||||||||||||||||||
|-
|1998||rowspan="2"|Guarani||rowspan="2"|Série A||16||7||||||||||||||16||7
|-
|1999||16||9||||||||||||||16||9

|-
|1999/00||rowspan="2"|Bayer Leverkusen||rowspan="2"|Bundesliga||24||2||||||||||||||24||2
|-
|2000/01||12||0||||||||||||||12||0
|-
|2001/02||rowspan="2"|Wolfsburg||rowspan="2"|Bundesliga||31||8||||||||||||||31||8
|-
|2002/03||30||5||||||||||||||30||5
|-
|2003/04||rowspan="2"|Bayer Leverkusen||rowspan="2"|Bundesliga||20||2||||||||||||||20||2
|-
|2004/05||23||2||||||||||||||23||2

|-
|2005||rowspan="6"|Urawa Red Diamonds||rowspan="6"|J. League 1||16||8||5||0||3||1||colspan="2"|-||24||9
|-
|2006||22||4||4||2||3||0||colspan="2"|-||29||6
|-
|2007||33||7||0||0||2||0||12||5||47||12
|-
|2008||16||1||2||1||2||0||4||0||24||2
|-
|2009||28||4||1||0||4||1||colspan="2"|-||33||5
|-
|2010||||||||||||||||||||
33||16||||||||||||||33||16
140||19||||||||||||||140||19
115||24||12||3||14||2||16||5||157||34
288||59||12||3||14||2||16||5||330||69
|}

References
Urawa Red Diamonds 

1976 births
Living people
Brazilian footballers
Tomislav Marić

Tomislav Marić (born 28 January 1973) is a former Croatian football player. He has played for Croatia national team.

Club career statistics

|-
|1992/93||rowspan="2"|Ludwigsburg||||26||4||||||||||26||4
|-
|1993/94||||33||10||||||||||33||10
|-
|1994/95||Karlsruhe||Bundesliga||4||0||||||||||4||0
|-
|1995/96||Wattenscheid||2. Bundesliga||31||7||||||||||31||7
|-
|1996/97||rowspan="4"|Stuttgarter Kickers||rowspan="4"|2. Bundesliga||20||6||||||||||20||6
|-
|1997/98||33||7||||||||||33||7
|-
|1998/99||26||8||||||||||26||8
|-
|1999/00||33||21||||||||||33||21
|-
|2000/01||rowspan="3"|Wolfsburg||rowspan="3"|Bundesliga||30||6||||||||||30||6
|-
|2001/02||17||12||||||||||17||12
|-
|2002/03||27||12||||||||||27||12
|-
|2003/04||Borussia Mönchengladbach||Bundesliga||7||1||||||||||7||1
|-
|2004/05||Wolfsburg||Bundesliga||11||1||||||||||11||1

|-
|2005||Urawa Red Diamonds||J. League 1||13||8||5||6||3||0||21||14

|-
|2005/06||rowspan="3"|Hoffenheim||rowspan="2"|Regionalliga||15||9||||||||||15||9
|-
|2006/07||32||8||||||||||32||8
|-
|2007/08||2. Bundesliga||0||0||||||||||0||0
345||112||||||||||345||112
13||8||5||6||3||0||21||14
358||120||5||6||3||0||366||126
|}

International career statistics

|-
|2002||5||1
|-
|2003||6||1
|-
!Total||11||2
|}

References

1973 births
Living people
Croatian footballers
Ichiei Muroi

Ichiei Muroi (born 22 June 1974) is a former Japanese football player.

Club career statistics

|-
|1993||rowspan="7"|Kashima Antlers||rowspan="7"|J. League 1||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|1994||0||0||0||0||0||0||0||0
|-
|1995||3||0||4||0||colspan="2"|-||7||0
|-
|1996||14||1||0||0||14||1||28||2
|-
|1997||13||1||1||0||9||0||23||1
|-
|1998||8||0||4||1||4||0||16||1
|-
|1999||8||0||0||0||3||0||11||0
|-
|2000||rowspan="2"|Urawa Red Diamonds||J. League 2||23||1||3||1||2||0||28||2
|-
|2001||J. League 1||2||0||0||0||0||0||2||0
|-
|2001||Cerezo Osaka||J. League 1||10||0||5||1||0||0||15||1
|-
|2002||rowspan="3"|Urawa Red Diamonds||rowspan="3"|J. League 1||14||0||1||0||7||0||22||0
|-
|2003||18||1||0||0||8||0||26||1
|-
|2004||12||1||0||0||4||0||16||1
|-
|2005||Vissel Kobe||J. League 1||10||0||0||0||5||0||15||0
|-
|2006||rowspan="2"|Yokohama||J. League 2||8||0||1||0||colspan="2"|-||9||0
|-
|2007||J. League 1||9||0||0||0||1||0||10||0
152||5||19||3||57||1||228||9
152||5||19||3||57||1||228||9
|}

References

1974 births
Living people
Footballers from Saitama Prefecture
Boeremusiek

(Afrikaans for Boer music) is a kind of South African instrumental folk music.  Its was made to go with social dancing at parties and festivals.

History
Boeremusiek is from Europe. It was brought to South Africa and changed into its own style. It is thought to have got to South Africa by British Empire military bands.

Style
Every artist or band comes up with their own sound and style. They make up their own style by playing different types of concertinas and using different instruments in the band. 

A concertina is similar to an accordion and is the lead instrument in most Boeremusiek bands. There are many different types of concertinas, which is why Boeremusiek has so many sounds and styles, and the construction the concertina is what makes the different sounds in the Boeremusiek band; it depends on where the slots and holes are put makes the difference on the sound that the concertina makes. 

Other instruments that might be in a Boeremusiek band are piano accordions, button harmonicas, accordions, pianos, harmoniums and the guitar. Sometimes, a cello or bass guitar may be seen.  

Today, there are many successful Boeremusiek bands that have recorded albums. Some famous bands and individual artists today are Klipwerf Boereorkes, Danie Grey, Nico Carstens, Taffie Kikkilus, Brian Nieuwoudt, Samuel Petzer, Worsie Visser and Die Ghitaar Man.

References

Folk music
Military Merit Cross (Austria–Hungary)

The Military Merit Cross (German: Militärverdienstkreuz, Croatian: Vojni križ za zasluge) was a decoration of the Empire of Austria and, after the establishment of the Dual Monarchy in 1867, the Empire of Austria-Hungary. It was first established on 22 October 1849 and underwent several revisions to its design and award criteria over the years of its existence. It became obsolete in 1918 with the fall of the Austro-Hungarian Empire.

References

Military honors
Orders, decorations, and medals
Austria-Hungary
Ray Gordy

Terry Ray Gordy, Jr. (born 23 March 1979) is a retired American professional wrestler who is best known for wrestling with World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) where he appeared on their SmackDown brand under the ring names Jesse and Slam Master J. In WWE, he was known for tagging with Drew Hankinson where they made the team of Jesse and Festus. He is the son of the wrestler Terry Gordy of the Fabulous Freebirds. Gordy currently works as a police officer in Atlanta, Georgia.

References

1979 births
American professional wrestlers
Living people
Sportspeople from Tennessee
People from Chattanooga, Tennessee
Former WWE wrestlers
Bing

Microsoft Bing (before called Windows Live Search and MSN Search) is a search engine. Microsoft calls it a "decision engine", meaning that Bing tries to interpret search queries and give people better search results compared to a typical search engine, helping the user make better decisions. Bing concentrates on four major areas: shopping, travel, local and health. A preview version was made available for everyone to use on June 1, 2009, and the website was fully launched on June 3, 2009. The website quickly became popular after a few weeks.

On July 29, 2009, Microsoft and Yahoo! announced that Bing would power Yahoo! Search. All Yahoo! Search global customers and partners will be shifted to Bing by early 2012.

In October 2011, Microsoft announced "Tiger", a new internal search computer program for Bing. When it was finished, Bing delivered faster and more relevant search results for users. It has been incorporated into Bing since August 2011.

Features 
Bing includes the listing of search suggestions as queries are entered. It lists related searches (called "Explore pane") based on semantic technology from Powerset that Microsoft purchased in 2008.

Every day, Bing.com displays a different picture that users can click on parts of to learn more about. These pictures can be about different places around the world, or nature, or even sometimes things in outer space.

Media features 
 Video thumbnail Preview where, by hovering over a video thumbnail, the video automatically starts playing
 Image search with continuous scrolling images results page that has adjustable settings for size, layout, color, style and people.
 Video search with adjustable setting for length, screen size, resolution and source

References

Other websites 
 Bing
 Bing for Mobile
 Discover Bing
 Decision Engine
 Bing Community
 Bing Webmaster Center
 Bing Developer Center

2009 establishments in the United States
Microsoft websites
Websites
Search engines
Boy Scouts of America

The Boy Scouts of America or BSA is an organization for children and teens with over 5 million members across the United States. They try to give young people life values. BSA includes Cub Scouts, which is for children ages 6–11, Scouts BSA, which is for youth ages 11–17, and Venturing and Sea Scouts, for youth ages 14–20. Scouts BSA was called Boy Scouts until it started allowing girls in 2019.

Organization
Scouts BSA are ages 11–17 and belong to troops, groups of Scouts associated with a church, school or post. Cub Scouts are scouts ages 6–11 and belong to packs.  Cub Scouts include Tigers (age 6-7), Wolfs (age 7-8), Bears (age 8-9), and Webelos (age 9-11). Older Scouts can be Venturer Scouts.

History
The Boy Scouts of America were founded by American writer W. D. Boyce, in 1910, but were similar to Scouting groups in Great Britain and other early scout movements. James E. West helped out the BSA in its early years, but also made the BSA more religious than scouts were in Europe.  Scouting grew in the 1910s and 20s due to the rise of “boy’s books” devoted to Scouting and the First World War.  Scouting had many members during the 1960s, but has declined since the 1970s, despite an attempt to make scouting modern by changing requirements and adding more merit badges.

Controversies
Over the years, the BSA has taken some stands that many Americans did not like. These included being against unions (organized workers) in the 1920s, requiring Scouts to believe in God, and not allowing gays to join Scouting.

Rank
An important part of scouting is earning ranks. There are seven ranks in Scouts BSA: Scout, Tenderfoot, 2nd Class, 1st Class, Star, Life and Eagle. The first four focus on learning basic scout skills, including camping, cooking, swimming, first aid (basic medical care), citizenship,  orienteering (use of a map and compass), and pioneering (tying knots). The final three focus on earning merit badges, serving the troop and serving the community.  Eagle Scouts must plan and finish a project that benefits something other than Scouting, and earn 21 merit badges. They must also hold a position of leadership in the troop. Only about 2 or 3% of Scouts earn Eagle, but some of the ones that have include Gerald Ford and Neil Armstrong.

Oath and law 
Scouts must learn, know and follow the Scout Oath and Scout Law:

Scout Oath 
These are the words of the Scout Oath:
 "On my honor I will do my best, to do my duty to God and my country and to obey the Scout Law; to help other people at all times; to keep myself physically strong, mentally awake, and morally straight".

Scout Law 
A scout is:
trustworthy,
loyal,
helpful,
friendly, 
courteous,
kind,
obedient, 
cheerful,
thrifty,
brave,
clean, and
reverent.

Related pages
Girl Scouts of the USA
Scouting movement
Philmont Scout Ranch

References

Scouting
Counterfeit

Counterfeit is the sale or manufacture of items that have not been made by real companies or have been made illegally. Nearly anything can be counterfeit, but most counterfeiting is of clothing and other small items such as bags, medicines, money, watches, or jewellery. Most things can be sold without people realizing that they are counterfeit and that they could possibly be breaking the law by buying the counterfeit goods.

Money can also be counterfeited. Sometimes people make fake cash, and this is considered to be counterfeit. The United States Secret Service investigates people who do this.

References

Organized crime

zh:假幣
Limoux

Limoux () is a French commune, a subprefecture in the Aude department. It is in the Occitanie region. It is also the capital of the arrondissement of Limoux.

Geography
Limoux is along the Aude river and is about  due south of Carcassonne.

The commune of Limoux has an area of . Its average altitude is  and the city hall is an altitude of .

The commune of Limoux is surrounded by the communes:

Climate
The climate of Limoux, in the Köppen climate classification, is Cfb - oceanic climate with warm summers.

Population
The inhabitants of Limoux are known, in French, as Limouxins (women: Limouxines).

With a population of 10,275, Limoux has a population density of  inhabitants/km2.

Evolution of the population in Limoux

Limoux forms, with other 4 communes, the urban area of Limoux with a population of 12,883 inhabitants (2013) and an area of . This urban area is the centre of the metropolitan area of Limoux, formed by 16 communes with a population of 15,560 inhabitants (2013) and an area of .

Administration 
Limoux is a subprefecture of the Aude department, the capital of the arrondissement of Limoux and the administrative centre () of the canton La Région Limouxine, with 19,978 inhabitants (2014).

It is part of the intercommunality Le Limouxin ().

Twinned and partner towns 
Limoux is twinned with:
  Sant Joan de Vilatorrada, Catalonia, Spain

Culture

The town is well known for its wine called Limoux wine. It also has a Winter festival called Fècos. It is often called Carnaval de Limoux in France. It is usually between January and Easter.

Markets
 Weekly market every Friday (or Thursday if a public holiday falls on a Friday).
 Flea market or Brocante the first Sunday of each month on the Promenade du Tivoli.
 Evening markets on Tuesdays in July and August.

Places of interest
 The Musée Petiet (Tourist Information Office),
 Musée du Piano (Museum of the piano)
 CathaRama (a history of the Cathar movement).
 Winery tours at Sieur d'Arques and Aimery.
 Jardin aux Plantes la Bouichère - Flassian, 2 hectares of gardens which is home to various collections of increasingly rare plant varieties.

Gallery

Related pages
 Arrondissement of Limoux
 Communes of the Aude department

References

Other websites

 Mairie de Limoux website 
 Photos of Limoux
 Aude in photos: Limoux (163 photos) 
 Site de la Bande de Carnaval de Limoux ’Les Limouxins’

Communes in Aude
Subprefectures in France
Tamaddun Majlish

Tamaddun Majlish () was an Islamic cultural organization in East Bengal. Tamddun Majlish was the founder of the historic Language Movement.

Organisations based in Bangladesh
Islamic organizations
Sindh Valley

The Sindh Valley, is a valley in a mountain range which is north of Srinagar in Jammu and Kashmir. The valley begins in Gandarbal and ends near Baltal and the start of the Zojila Pass. Sindh Valley is the main route between Kashmir and Central Asia.

Related pages
 Zojila Pass

Sources

Mountain passes of Pakistan
Valleys
Paktia Province

Paktia ( - Paktyā) is a province under Afghanistan. Its capital (city) is Gardez.  There are about 1.3 million people who live in the Province.  Most of the people are Pashtun.

Districts
Paktia is made up of 14 district (District Centers are given in parentheses):

References

Provinces of Afghanistan
Sun Microsystems

Sun Microsystems, Inc. (Sun for short) was an American company that sold computers, computer components, software, and information technology services. Sun contributed to many important computing technologies, such as Unix, RISC processors, thin client computing, and virtualized computing. Sun created the Java programming language, the Solaris operating system, the Network File System (NFS), and the SPARC instruction set. Sun was founded on February 24, 1982. Sun's headquarters were in Santa Clara, California. In January 2010, it was bought by Oracle Corporation.

References

Computers
1982 establishments in California
 
Santa Clara, California
Companies based in the San Francisco Bay Area
American computer hardware manufacturers
American software companies
2010 disestablishments in the United States
Defunct companies of the United States
Water strider

The water strider (also known as the pond skater) is a true bug, an insect of the family Gerridae. It can run across the surface of water. It lives on ponds and slow-running streams. It rarely goes underwater. The underside of the body is covered with water-repellent hair. There are around 500 known species, commonly placed in around 60 genera. Also called the Jesus bug (walks on water).

Hemiptera
Bowler

A bowler is a person who bowls or delivers a ball to the batsman in the game of cricket. Unlike the pitcher in a game of baseball, a bowler delivers with a straight arm (see photo). A ball bowled with the elbow bent is a throw, and that is illegal. If the bowler bowls while not in the right part of the nonstriker's ground, or bowls the ball out of the reach of the striking batter, that is also illegal. Illegal bowling gives the batting team 1 point, mostly can't get players out, and doesn't count toward the limit on the number of deliveries in the game. 

A bowler who can also bat well, is called an all rounder. There are different types of bowler, and a cricket team will usually have a mix of different types.

Fast bowler 
A fast bowler uses simple speed to defeat a batsman. They can send the ball to the batsman at a speed of 145 km/h. They take a long run up before bowling each ball to build speed. Shoaib Akhtar of Pakistan was the first to bowl at a speed of 160 km/h. Another famous fast bowler is Australian Brett Lee.

Medium pace bowler 

A medium pace bowler bowls more slowly. They often use other tricks to defeat the batsman. They can get the ball able to curve in the air or change the speed or length (where the ball hits the ground) to fool the batsman. Some are very accurate so they can repeatedly send the ball to a place which forces the batsman to defend rather than scoring runs. Others grip the ball so that it lands on its seam; this makes the path of the ball unpredictable.

Spin bowler 
A spin bowler usually bowls quite slowly and puts a lot of spin on the ball which makes it bounce at an angle off the ground. This makes the batsman play each ball carefully. Generally spin bowlers give up the most runs but they all have "tricks" that they use to fool the batsman and get him or her out. These tricks are given names such as the arm ball, googly, flipper, topspinner or doosra. Spin bowling is very much about fooling the batsman rather than speed. A fast off spin is the normal off spin action but with more pace. Off spin is when the cricket ball spins towards a right-handed batsmen's bat (bowler's left to right). With more pace, there usually is less turn (amount of spin). Off-spin is also called an off-break or finger spin. A famous spin bowler was the Australian Shane Warne, but his type was the leg break, which uses the wrist to spin the ball from the bowler's right to left. This is varied with the top spin, when the ball comes on straight and low.

References 

Cricket
Wicket

In cricket, a wicket is:

 An object made up of three sticks (called stumps) stuck into the earth, with two small sticks (called bails) balanced on them. They are like a target for the fielding team, and can be hit with the ball to try to get batsmen out.
 A batter getting out, meaning they can't bat anymore. A team that has "lost 5 wickets" has had 5 of its batters get out. 
 The cricket pitch itself.

Object 
There is one wicket in each of the two batsmen's grounds. The fielding team can hit a wicket with the ball to run out a batsman, but only if there is no batsman in the ground of the wicket. In addition, when delivering the ball to the batsman, the bowler can hit the wicket in the striker's ground with the ball to bowl the striker out.

The wicket is said to have been "put down" when any of its 5 sticks fall to the ground because it was hit by the ball or a player holding the ball. The sticks can be put back in place and then hit back off to put the wicket down more than once.

Sides of the field 
The field can be defined as having two halves: the "off side" and the "leg side"/"on side", with these being separated by an imaginary line connecting the middle stump of both wickets. The off side of the field is the right side of a field for a right-handed batsman who is looking at the bowler, and the leg side is the left side. (This is reversed for a left-handed batsman.)

Batsman getting out 
A batsman is said to have "lost his wicket" when he gets out.

References 

Cricket
Dynamic and formal equivalence

Dynamic and formal equivalence are concepts from linguistics. 

When a language  is translated into another one, there is a problem: the meaning of a word or a phrase in the first language is not the same as that of the word or phrase in the second language. The first language may also have words, phrases or grammatical structures that do not exist in the second language.

There are two possible ways to solve this problem:
The translator can look at what the text means. He or she can then try to find expressions in the target language that mean very similar things. With this approach, the translation will sound more natural, and may be easier to read. This approach towards translation is known as dynamic or functional equivalence.
It is possible to make a literal translation. The approach towards this kind of translation is called formal equivalence. A literal translation may mean that the text is translated word-for-word. This will be harder to read, but it will be closer to what is written in the source text. However, there may even be some expressions in the source language that are absent in the target language. In that case, they are used in the translated text just the way they have been in the source text. But only the letters used in the source language for those expressions are replaced with letters from the target language. And it is done in such a way that the expressions used in the translation sound similar to those in the source text.

Linguistics
The Undertones

The Undertones are a punk rock/power pop band from Northern Ireland. They formed in Derry in 1975.  

1975 establishments in the United Kingdom
1970s British music groups
1980s British music groups
1990s British music groups
2000s British music groups
2010s British music groups
British pop rock bands
British punk bands
Entertainers from Northern Ireland
Irish rock bands
Musical groups established in 1975
Luftfahrtgesellschaft Walter

The Luftfahrtgesellschaft Walter or LGW is a German airline.

Other websites
Luftfahrtgesellschaft Walter 

Aviation
Kin selection

Kin selection or kin altruism is a form of natural selection. Some animals cooperate with relatives, even if this brings risk to themselves. The classic example of this is seen in the family life of mammals, or in colonial insects such as ants.  

Many mammals and birds raise alarms to warn others of danger. Others cooperate in tasks, such as scrub jays help each other with to build nests. In all these cases where animals cooperate, the question is whether there is any biological benefit to themselves. It is now clear that there is benefit if the animals are closely related. This is because related organisms have (to a degree) a shared genetic inheritance.

The first to write about the concept were by R.A. Fisher in 1930, and J.B.S. Haldane in 1955, but it was W.D. Hamilton who truly formalized the concept.  The actual term kin selection was probably coined by John Maynard Smith, when he wrote: 

"These processes I will call kin selection and group selection respectively. Kin selection has been discussed by Haldane and by Hamilton... By kin selection I mean the evolution of characteristics which favour the survival of close relatives of the affected individual.

By cooperating, relatives influence each other's fitness. Under natural selection, a gene which improves the fitness of individuals will increase in frequency. A gene which lowers the fitness of individuals will become rare. 

However, behaviour which enhances the fitness of relatives but lowers that of the actor, may nonetheless increase in frequency. Relatives do, by definition, carry many of the same genes. This is the fundamental principle behind the theory of kin selection. According to the theory, the enhanced fitness of relatives may more than compensate for the fitness loss of the helpers (individuals displaying the behaviour). 

This is a special case of a more general model, called inclusive fitness.

Hamilton's equation 
Hamilton's equation describes whether or not a gene for helping behaviour will spread in a population. The gene will spread if rxb is greater than c:
     
where:
  is the reproductive cost to the helper,
  is the reproductive benefit to the receiver, and
  is the probability, above the population average, of the individuals sharing an altruistic gene – the "degree of relatedness".

References

Evolutionary biology
Genetics
Sterile

Sterile is an important term which has two main meanings.

1. Anything which is not infected by bacteria (or viruses or parasites).

2. Unable to give rise to offspring (children) by birth or fertilisation.

Words
Foraging

Foraging is the act of hunting or gathering food. For example, cattle forage grass to eat. The idea of animals foraging is called forage theory, and was first proposed in 1966.

Humans that forage are often called hunter-gatherers, who find and eat (wild) animals and plants without domestication of them (people who farm plants are not hunter-gatherers, as they have grown them themselves).

References 

Zoology
Hunting
Amaranth (color)

Amaranth is a rose-red color that is the color of the flower of the amaranth plant.

The first written use of amaranth as a color name in English was in 1690.

Meaning 
 The color amaranth represents immortality in Western civilization because the name is derived from the name in Greek mythology of a flower that was believed to never die that grew in the abode of the Greek gods on Mount Olympus.  Something that is perceived as everlasting may be described by the adjective amaranthine. (The color peach represents immortality in Chinese civilization.)

Where the name comes from 
The name amaranth comes from the Greek a (not) + marainean (to waste away). A flower that never died that was believed to grow on Mount Olympus.

Tones of amaranth color comparison chart 
Amaranth flowers come in many different colors:

References

Related pages
 List of colors
Cobra Starship

Cobra Starship was an American alternative dance band. The group started in 2005 in New York City. They are most famous for their songs "Snakes on a Plane (Bring It)" and "Good Girls Go Bad". They are currently signed to record label Fueled by Ramen.

Cobra Starship officially dissolved on November 10, 2015.

Band members
 Gabe Saporta - lead vocalist
 Ryland Blackinton - guitarist
 Alex Suarez - bassist
 Nate Novarro - drummer
 Victoria Asher - keytarist

Discography

Studio albums

Singles

References

Other websites
 Official Website

2000s American music groups
2010s American music groups
American punk bands
Musical groups from New York City
2005 establishments in New York (state)
Musical groups established in 2005
Musical groups disestablished in 2015
2015 disestablishments in the United States
2010s disestablishments in New York (state)
North Cascades

The North Cascades are a name used for the mountains at the north end of the Cascade Range, south of Canada. The North Cascades are entirely in the United States, in the state of Washington. At the Canadian border, the North Cascades are called the Canadian Cascades. The highest point in the North Cascades is Mount Baker (10,781 ft/3,286m). North Cascades National Park is located at the northernmost end of the North Cascades.

Some of the primary rivers in the North Cascades are the Skagit, Nooksack, Stillaguamish, and Stehekin. Lake Chelan is the largest lake in the North Cascades. Although now termed a reservoir, it was originally a natural lake, but enlarged by a dam. The urban areas of Seattle, Tacoma and Everett are all west of the North Cascades. The Columbia River, Washington's largest river, forms the east and south boundary.

Mountains of Canada
The Point!

The Point! is a 1971 animated cartoon movie, written by singer-songwriter Harry Nilsson and Carole Beers, and directed by Fred Wolf. It first appeared on ABC television, in the United States. It starred the voices of Mike Lookinland ("Bobby" of The Brady Bunch fame), and actor Dustin Hoffman. (Later editions replaced Hoffman's voice with that of Alan Thicke, then musician Ringo Starr.)

Storyline
The Point! tells a story about a boy named Oblio (Mike Lookinland), who is the only round-headed person in a land full of people and animals with pointed heads. Banished to the Pointless Forest for not  to what is "normal", Oblio and his dog Arrow (Don Messick) (whose head was pointed, but he was still loyal to Oblio) meet many different people, and come to learn that everything and everyone indeed has a "point"; a purpose for being what they are. Oblio and Arrow return home, bringing back what they have learned to share with everyone.

Harry Nilsson said later the inspiration for The Point! was an LSD experience. Resting on the ground, he noticed everything (trees, buildings) that reached into the sky from the ground came to a "point", leading Nilsson to believe that "everything has a point, and if it doesn't, then there's a point to that". Nilsson developed this idea into a story about tolerance, and acceptance of  in others.

Cast
 Dustin Hoffman as Narrator and Father (1st version)
 Alan Barzman as Narrator and Father (2nd version)
 Alan Thicke as Narrator and Father (3rd version)
 Ringo Starr as Narrator and Father (Direct-to-video releases)
 Paul Frees as Oblio's Father, Pointed Man's Right Head, King, Leaf Man and Villagers
 June Foray as Pointed Man's Middle Head
 Mel Blanc as Pointed Man's Left Head
 Lennie Weinrib as Count
 Bill Martin as Rock Man
 Buddy Foster as Count's Son
 Joan Gerber as Oblio's Mother
 Don Messick as Arrow
 Mike Lookinland as Oblio

Music
Nilsson devoted a whole album to music from The Point!, alternating songs from the show with his own  of the story. "Me And My Arrow" became the breakout hit from the album, with a single reaching the Top 20 in the American music charts. (The song was later used in a commercial, for the Plymouth Arrow automobile.)

Nilsson later adapted The Point! into a musical stage play, that featured more of his own songs. A London production of the play reunited former Monkees Micky Dolenz and Davy Jones, who were also friends of Nilsson's.

1971 movies
American animated movies
English-language movies
Darwinius

Darwinius is a genus of primates known from only one fossil. It was discovered in 1983 by an amateur at the Messel Pit. This is a disused shale quarry noted for its astonishing fossil preservation, near the village of Messel, about 35 km (22 miles) southeast of Frankfurt am Main in Germany.

The fosssil dates from the Eocene epoch, 47 million years ago. The genus Darwinius was named to celebrate Charles Darwin on his bicentenary and the species name masillae honors Messel, where the specimen was found. The creature appeared superficially similar to a modern lemur. It is the only known specimen of its species.

The fossil, nicknamed 'Ida', was divided into a slab and partial counterslab after the excavation. The two parts were sold separately, was not reassembled until 2007.

Description 
The specimen was privately collected and sold in two parts. Only the lesser part was known earlier. The second part shows that the skeleton is the complete primate fossil known. It includes the skeleton, soft body outline and contents of the digestive tract. 

Skull radiography shows teeth developing within the juvenile face. The individual was a weaned and independent-feeding female that died in her first year of life. She was "an agile, nail-bearing, generalized arboreal quadruped living above the floor of the Messel rain forest".

References 

Fossils
Primates
Redmond Barry

Redmond Barry (1813—1880), was a judge in Victoria, Australia. He is famous for being the person who started the University of Melbourne and the State Library of Victoria. As a judge he is famous for sentencing bushranger Ned Kelly to death. He was also the judge in the trials of the rebel miners from the Eureka Stockade in Ballarat, Victoria.

References

Australian judges
Ned Kelly
People from County Cork
1813 births
1880 deaths
Transport network

A transport network, or transportation network is a network of roads, streets, pipes, power lines, or any structure that lets either movement of vehicles or flow of some commodity.

Networks
Network
Buxton

Buxton is a spa town in Derbyshire, England.  It is the highest market town in England.  Buxton is near to Cheshire and Staffordshire. Buxton is described as "the gateway to the Peak District National Park". Buxton is also close to Manchester.

Poole's Cavern, a limestone cavern, and St Ann's Well are in Buxton.  Also in the town is an Opera House.

History

The Romans developed the town when it was called Aquae Arnemetiae (or the spa of the goddess of the grove). Roman coins have been found in Buxton. The town largely grew in importance in the late 18th century when it was developed by the Dukes of Devonshire, with a second revival a hundred years later as the people visited to use the healing properties of the waters.

The Dukes of Devonshire have been helping Buxton since 1780, when the Duke used his money from his copper mines to develop the town as a spa like Bath.

Bess of Hardwick had taken one of her four husbands, the Earl of Shrewsbury, to "take the waters" at Buxton shortly after he became the jailer of Mary, Queen of Scots, in 1569.

Dr. Erasmus Darwin recommended the waters at Buxton to Josiah Wedgwood.  The Wedgwood family often went to Buxton on holiday. Two of Charles Darwin's half-cousins, Edward Levett Darwin and Reginald Darwin also settled there.

Notable architecture
The Crescent (1780–1784) was based on Bath's Royal Crescent. The crescent has a grand assembly room with a painted ceiling.
Buxton Opera House was designed in 1903 and is the highest in the country.  It is attached to the Pavilion Gardens, Octagonal Hall and the smaller Paxton Theatre.  The Pavilion Gardens are 23 acres of gardens.

Economy
Buxton is twinned with two other towns—Oignies in France and Bad Nauheim in Germany.

Famous Buxtonians
Vera Brittain (1893–1970): author of Testament of Youth and mother of Shirley Williams
Tim Brooke-Taylor: comedy actor and one of The Goodies
Dave Lee Travis: former BBC DJ

References

Spa towns in the United Kingdom
Towns in Derbyshire
Penny sterling

The penny sterling (plural pence) is a subdivision of Pound sterling, the currency for the United Kingdom.

British currency
Montreal Wanderers

The Montreal Wanderers were a professional men's ice hockey team that played in Montreal, Quebec at the Montreal Arena, and were one of the founding franchises of the National Hockey League in the 1917–18 NHL season. The Wanderers won a total of eight Stanley Cup challenges within a span of five seasons from 1906 to 1910. Prior to the formation of the NHL, the "Redbands" were one of the most successful teams in hockey.

Season-by-season record
 1904–05 – Federal Amateur Hockey League (FAHL)
 1906–08 – Eastern Canada Amateur Hockey Association (ECAHA)
 1909 – Eastern Canada Hockey Association (ECHA)
 1910–17 – National Hockey Association (NHA)
 1917–18 – National Hockey League (NHL)

Note: GP = Games played, W = Wins, L = Losses, T = Ties, Pts = Points, GF = Goals for, GA = Goals against

Note: 1 = first half of season, 2 = second half of season

Honoured players
The following Hockey Hall of Fame players played for the Wanderers during some point in their careers:

List of NHL Wanderers players

Notes

Other websites
 Sportsecyclopedia.com article

1900s establishments in Canada
1903 establishments in North America
1918 disestablishments
20th-century disestablishments in Canada
Defunct National Hockey League teams
National Hockey Association
£sd

£sd (pronounced, and sometimes written, L.s.d.) was the popular name for the pre-decimal currencies (sterling) used in the United Kingdom and in most of the British Empire. This abbreviation meant “pounds, shillings, and pence”. It is different when compared to American currency.

British currency