cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Occitanie

Occitanie (, ) is an administrative region of France. It was created on 1 January 2016 from the former French regions Languedoc-Roussillon and Midi-Pyrénées. 

The name in French, Occitanie, was approved as the new name of the region on 28 September 2016.

The new Occitanie Region is the main part of a wider cultural entity known as Occitania. This wider region once included part of Spain (Aran Valley), and Monaco, and parts of Italy (the Occitan Valleys and Guardia Piemontese). This wider area used to speak Occitan as their first language.

Geography
The Occitanie region is the third largest region of France, after Nouvelle-Aquitaine and French Guiana, and the second of Metropolitan France with an area of . It is in southern France (the Midi) and borders to the south with Spain and Andorra; it also borders three French regions: Nouvelle-Aquitaine to the west, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes to the north, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur to the east. The Mediterranean Sea is to the southeast.

Its capital, Toulouse, is at  to the southwest of  Paris, the national capital, at  to the west of Marseille, at  to the southeast of Bordeaux and at  to the north of Barcelona (Spain).

Rivers
There are two main drainage basin in the region; some rivers in those basins are:
 Atlantic basin
 Garonne river is  long but, in the region it is  long, more than half its total length.
 Tarn 
 Aveyron 
 Agout 
 Lot 
 Ariège 
 Gers 

 Mediterranean basin
 Tech 
 Têt 
 Agly 
 Aude 
 Rhône

Mountains
The Pic Vignemale (), at , is the highest mountain of the Occitanie region; it is on the border with Spain. It is in the Pyrénées National Park.

The highest point of the different departments of the Occitanie region are:

Departments
The Occitanie region is formed by 13 departments:

Arr. = Arrondissements          Cant. = Cantons          Comm. = Communes

Demographics
The Occitanie region had a population, in 2014, of 5,730,753, for a population density of  inhabitants/km2.

The important cities with more than 20,000 inhabitants (2014) in the region are:

Gallery

Related pages
 Languedoc-Roussillon
 Midi-Pyrénées
 Regions of France

References

Other websites

 Official website of the region 
 Prefecture of the region

 
2016 establishments in France
Hauts-de-France

Hauts-de-France is an administrative region of France. It was created in 2016. It was created by combining the former regions of Nord-Pas-de-Calais and Picardy.

Nord-Pas-de-Calais-Picardy was the temporary name for the region.

 
2016 establishments in France
Jamala

Jamala born Susana Dzjamaladinova (born 27 August 1983) is a Ukrainian singer that won the Eurovision Song Contest 2016 with the song "1944". 

On 14 May 2016, Jamala won the competition with 534 points.

Her song, "1944" is about the deportation of the Crimean Tatars in 1944.  It is also about her great-grandmother, who lost her daughter while being deported to Central Asia.

References 

Living people
1983 births
Ukrainian singers
Eurovision Song Contest winners
World War I Memorial Cemetery (Russia)

The Memorial Park Complex of the Heroes of the First World War is a cemetery in Moscow, Russia. The cemetery opened in 1915 but was demolished during the Soviet period in 1932. In 2004 the new memorial park was built on the land of the former cemetery.

Gallery

Panorama view

Other websites 

Buildings and structures in Moscow
National cemeteries
Military monuments and memorials
Madeleine LeBeau

Marie Madeleine Berthe LeBeau (10 June 1923 – 1 May 2016) was a French movie actress. She was known for her roles in Hold Back the Dawn, Gentleman Jim, Casablanca, Paris After Dark, and 8½.

LeBeau died on 1 May 2016 in Estepona, Spain, after breaking her femur in a fall, aged 92.

References

Other websites
 

1923 births
2016 deaths
Accidental deaths from falls
Accidental deaths in Spain
Actors from Ile-de-France
French movie actors
Julius La Rosa

Julius La Rosa (January 2, 1930 – May 12, 2016) was an American traditional pop music singer. La Rosa was born in Brooklyn, New York. He worked in both radio and television beginning in the 1950s. He was known for his songs "Anywhere I Wander", "Manhattan", and "Eh, Cumpari". 

LaRosa died of natural causes on May 12, 2016 at his home in Crivitz, Wisconsin, aged 86.

References

Other websites
Official website 

1930 births
2016 deaths
American pop singers
Deaths from natural causes
Musicians from Brooklyn
Singers from New York City
Balázs Birtalan

Balázs Birtalan (October 12, 1969. – May 14, 2016) was a Hungarian author, poet, publicist, psychotherapist and activist. He was mostly known for his activism in the gay Christian movement in Hungary. He was the son of the poet Ferenc Birtalan. He was born in Budapest. He was gay.

Birtalan died on May 14, 2016, aged 46.

References

1969 births
2016 deaths
Activists
Gay men

LGBT poets
LGBT writers
People from Budapest
Baba Hardev Singh

Baba Hardev Singh (also known as Nirankari Baba; 23 February 1954 – 13 May 2016) was an Indian spiritual guru. He was the chief leader of the Sant Nirankari Mission from 1980 until his death in 2016. He was born in Delhi. 

Singh died on 13 May 2016 in a car accident near Montreal, Canada, aged 62.

References

1954 births
2016 deaths
Accidental deaths in Canada
Spiritual teachers
People from Delhi
Road accident deaths
Tony Barrow

Anthony F. J. "Tony" Barrow (11 May 1936 – 14 May 2016) was an English press officer. He worked with the Beatles between 1962 and 1968. He created the phrase "the Fab Four", first using it in an early press release. He was born in Crosby, Lancashire.

Barrow died on 14 May 2016 at his home in Morecambe, Lancashire, aged 80.

References

1936 births
2016 deaths
People from Lancashire
Monteagle Stearns

Monteagle "Monty" Stearns (December 5, 1924 – May 14, 2016) was an American diplomat. He was the former Ambassador to Côte d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast) (1976–79) and Greece (1981–85). He worked for Presidents Gerald Ford, Jimmy Carter and Ronald Reagan. Stearns was born in Cambridge, Massachusetts. He was a member of  the American Academy of Diplomacy and Council on Foreign Relations.

Stearns died on May 14, 2016 in Belmont, Massachusetts at the age of 91.

References

1924 births
2016 deaths
Ambassadors of the United States
People from Cambridge, Massachusetts
Politicians from Massachusetts
US Republican Party politicians
Thank You (Meghan Trainor album)

Thank You is the second major-label studio album by American singer-songwriter Meghan Trainor. The album was released exclusively on Apple Music on May 6, 2016, and was fully released on May 13, 2016, through Epic Records.

Track listing

Notes
 "Woman Up" is a cover of the song of the same name by Ashley Roberts, with different lyrics.

Release history

References

2016 albums
Meghan Trainor
Dance-pop albums
Hip hop albums
R&B albums
Francesco Filippini

Francesco Filippini (18 September 1853 – 6 March 1895) was an Italian painter from Lombardy. He was much influenced by Tranquillo Cremona.

Life 

Filippini was born in Brescia, in Lombardy in northern Italy, on 18 September 1853, into a poor family. His father Lorenzo was a carpenter, his mother Silvia Signoria a seamstress. He was soon sent to work, first as a waiter in a pastry shop, later as a clerk to a notary.

Filippini attended the school of drawing at the Pinacoteca Tosio in Brescia, In 1872 he received a grant from the city council to continue his studies there. In 1875 he received an allowance to study under Giuseppe Bertini in Milan. In 1879 another grant allowed him to travel to Paris to visit the Salon, the official art exhibition of the French Fine Arts Academy.

Filippini exhibited at the annual shows of the Accademia di Belle Arti di Brera in Milan from 1879, and from 1880 lived in that city. He made his living by teaching, both in schools and privately. He was made an honorary member of the Accademia di Brera in 1878.

He died in Milan on 6 March 1895.

Work 

When he was young, Filipinni painted mostly religious or historical subjects, as well as some portraits. In later life he painted mostly landscapes – of the Apennines, the Lombardy countryside and the Alps. He also made paintings of the sea near  Genova, Naples and Venice. His work shows the influence of the Scapigliatura painter Tranquillo Cremona.

Gallery

Related pages
 Bust of Francesco Filippini (Troubetzkoy)
 List of Italian painters

References

Further reading 
Editorial staff (4 November 2015). "Francesco Filippini, il dossier. Uno splendido pittore morto a 42 anni di tisi". StileArte 
 Vasco Frati (1999). Francesco Filippini: 1853-1895: un protagonista del naturalismo lombardo (exhibition catalogue, in Italian). Milan:Skira. . 

1853 births
1895 deaths
Italian painters
People from Brescia
Goosebumps (movie)

Goosebumps is a 2015 American fantasy horror comedy movie. It was based on the children's book series of the same name by R.L. Stine. It is directed by Rob Letterman and produced by Deborah Forte and Neal H. Moritz. It was written by Darren Lemke with music by Danny Elfman. It was made by Columbia Pictures and Sony Animated Pictures.

The movie stars Jack Black, Dylan Minnette, Odeya Rush, Amy Ryan, Halston Sage, Ryan Lee, and Jillian Bell. It was filmed in Atlanta, Georgia. The movie is set in present-day Delaware. It was released on October 16, 2015 to mostly positive reviews. It earned $156 million.

It received nominations for the Las Vegas Film Critics Society for Best Family Film and the Visual Effects Society for Outstanding Visual Effects in a Special Venue Project.

On September 2, 2015, it was reported that a sequel is in the works.

References

Other websites

 
 Goosebumps 
 
 
 
 The Goosebumps Movie

2015 movies
English-language movies
Sony
Atlanta, Georgia
Delaware
Columbia Pictures movies
American horror movies
American comedy movies
American fantasy movies
Movies based on books
Movies composed by Danny Elfman
North Louisiana

North Louisiana, also known locally as Sportsman's Paradise, (a name sometimes attributed to the state as a whole) is a region in the U.S. state of Louisiana. The region has two metropolitan areas: Shreveport-Bossier City and Monroe-West Monroe; the Shreveport area is the largest metropolitan area by population in North Louisiana.

Regions of Louisiana
Central Louisiana

Central Louisiana (Cenla), also known as the Crossroads, is the region of the U.S. state of Louisiana.

Parishes 
Central Louisiana consists of the following 10 parishes:
 Allen Parish
 Beauregard Parish
 Catahoula Parish
 Concordia Parish
 Grant Parish
 La Salle Parish
 Natchitoches Parish
 Rapides Parish
 Sabine Parish
 Vernon Parish

Regions of Louisiana
McNeese State University

McNeese State University is a university in Lake Charles, Louisiana, United States.

Other websites

Colleges and universities in Louisiana
Charles Wheeler (politician)

Charles Bertan Wheeler, Jr. (born August 10, 1926) is an American politician. He is a former Missouri state senator and a former mayor of Kansas City, Missouri from 1971 to 1979, in addition to having held other elected offices.

On March 28, 2016, Wheeler filed to for Governor.  He placed third in the primary with 7.9 percent in an election won by Chris Koster who had 78.08 percent of the vote.

References

1926 births
Living people
Mayors of Kansas City, Missouri
US Democratic Party politicians
State legislators of the United States
Gilberto Gil

Gilberto Passos Gil Moreira (born 26 June 1942), better known as Gilberto Gil ( or ), is a Brazilian singer, guitarist, and songwriter. He is known for both his musical innovation and political commitment. 

From 2003 to 2008, he served as Brazil's Minister of Culture.

Other websites

 Official site
 Transcript of a Gil speech
 Essay written by Gil (licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 2.5)
 Music Is Pleasure: An Interview with Gilberto Gil 
 Wide-ranging one-hour interview with Amy Goodman on Democracy Now!, June 25, 2008 (video, audio, and print transcript)
 Gilberto Gil discography on Slipcue.com

1942 births
Living people
Brazilian singers
Brazilian musicians
Brazilian writers
Brazilian politicians
Guitarists
Songwriters
Latin Grammy Award winners
Rick MacLeish

Richard George "Rick" MacLeish (January 3, 1950 – May 30, 2016) was a Canadian professional ice hockey forward.

He played 14 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL) with the Philadelphia Flyers, Hartford Whalers, Pittsburgh Penguins, and Detroit Red Wings. He played 12 seasons in Philadelphia, winning two Stanley Cups with the Flyers in 1974 and 1975.

On May 11, 2016, MacLeish was hospitalized for meningitis. He died at a hospital in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania from kidney and liver failure as a result of meningitis on May 30, 2016, aged 66.

References

1950 births
2016 deaths
Deaths from renal failure
Deaths from liver failure
Deaths from meningitis
Disease-related deaths in Pennsylvania
Philadelphia Flyers players
Hartford Whalers players
Pittsburgh Penguins players
Detroit Red Wings players
Sportspeople from Ontario
American Hockey League players
Ontario Hockey League players
Central Professional Hockey League players
Ice hockey centres
Juliette Gréco

Juliette Gréco (; 7 February 1927 – 23 September 2020) was a French actress and popular chanson singer. 

In 1949, she began working with composer Miles Davis. That same year, she began a new singing career with a number of well-known French writers writing lyrics; Raymond Queneau's "Si tu t’imagines" was one of her earliest songs to become popular.

In the late 1960s she featured in the TV serial Belphegor, Phantom of the Louvre.

Gréco died on 23 September 2020 in Ramatuelle, France at the age of 93.

References

Other websites

Juliette Gréco on Europopmusic.eu (English)
Biography of Juliette Gréco 
 Singing the Praises of Juliette Greco (TCM Movie Morlocks)

1927 births
2020 deaths
French movie actors
French singers
People from Montpellier
Sea Islands

The Sea Islands are a chain of tidal and barrier islands on the Southeastern Atlantic Ocean coast of the United States. 

There are over a hundred of them. They are between the mouths of the Santee and St. Johns Rivers along the coast of the US states of South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida.

Barrier islands like these may change during storms. They absorb energy and protect the coastlines. Indirectly, they may help to create areas of protected waters where wetlands may flourish.

The Sea Islands are the home of the Gullah people.

Islands of the United States
Islands of Florida
Geography of Georgia (U.S. state)
Geography of South Carolina
Molex connector

A Molex connector is a standard connector, which is used on electronic circuit boards. It is also used in many Personal computers, where it ofen transmits power. It is a pin and socket design. Originally, these connectors where manufactured by the company with the same name.

Electronics
TurboGrafx-16

The TurboGrafx 16 was a games console. It was originally released on 30 October 1987 in Japan and 29 August 1989 in North America. It was also known as PC Engine in some areas of the world. It was created by Hudson Soft and NEC. It was the first game console ever to have a CD add on. It competed with the SNES and Sega Genesis.

Video game consoles
Marina Beach

Marina Beach is a natural beach in Chennai, Tamil Nadu along the Bay of Bengal sea. The beach is the first longest beach in India and the second longest in the world. The length of the beach is 13 km.

It is a renowned beach because the memorial of the two chief ministers M.G.Ramachandran and C.N.Annadurai.And now it houses the cemetery of Former Chief Ministers Kalaingar M.Karunanidhi and Amma J.Jayalalitha It is the most crowded beach in the country. More than 10,000 to 25,000 visitors visit the beach on weekdays while more than 50,000 visitors visit the beach during holidays.

Beaches of Asia
Geography of India
Chennai

Marina Beach is a natural and city-centric beach in Chennai , Tamil Nadu , along the Bay of Bengal . [1] The beach stretches from St. George's Castle in the north to the Forshore Estate in the south , with a total length of 6.0 km (3.6 mi). [2] It is the longest natural city-centric beach in the country. [3] [4] [5] Marina Beach is basically sandy, not filled with small boulders like Mumbai's Juhu Beach . The average width of the beach is 300 m (960 ft), [8] And the widest place is 438 m (1,434 ft) wide. Bathing and swimming on Marina Beach is dangerous, and is prohibited by law, as the underwater currents here are very turbulent. It is one of the most populous beaches in the country and is visited by around 30,000 tourists every day of the week. [8] On weekends and other holidays this number becomes 50,000. [8] [9] [10] During the summer months, about 15,000 to 20,000 people go to the beach every day. [11] This beach is the longest beach in India. [12]
List of works by Giambattista Pittoni

The following is a list of paintings by Italian Rococo painter Giambattista Pittoni, one of the most important artist of the eighteenth century in Europe.
Giambattista Pittoni lists 247 extant and 117 lost, missing or destroyed works. Some of his works are listed below.
The artist's works have never signed and dated.

Sources
 Official sites of the museums.
 Franca Zava Boccazzi (1979). Pittoni: L'opera completa (in Italian). Venezia: Alfieri.

Paintings
Lists
Vipsania Agrippina

Vipsania Agrippina (36 BC – 20 AD) was the daughter of Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa from his first wife Caecilia Attica. Octavian and her father betrothed her to Tiberius before her first birthday. In about 19 BC she married Tiberius. Their son Drusus Julius Caesar was born in 14 BC.

Her father Agrippa died in March 12 BC. He was then married to his third wife, Julia the Elder, daughter of Augustus. Augustus forced Tiberius to divorce Vipsania and marry Julia.  Tiberius reportedly loved Vipsania and disapproved of Julia. Vipsania was pregnant with a second child in 12/11 when the couple divorced.  The second child did not survive.

Tiberius divorced Vipsania against his will in 11 BC, according to Suetonius. He always regretted this. On one occasion Tiberius caught sight of Vipsania and followed her with "an intent and tearful gaze". Precautions were taken to avoid further embarrassing meetings with her.

Vipsania then married the Senator Gaius Asinius Gallus Saloninus. They had a number of children, mostly sons. Their eldest son Gaius was put to death by Messalina, the infamous third wife of the Emperor Claudius.

References 

30s BC births
20s deaths
Roman people
Michał Kubiak

Michał Kubiak (born 23 February 1988) is a Polish volleyball player, a member of Polish national team and Turkish club Halkbank Ankara, a participant of the Olympic Games (London 2012), 2014 World Champion, a gold medalist of the 2012 World League, silver medalist of the 2011 World Cup, bronze medalist of the 2011 European Championship and the 2011 World League, 2016 Turkish Champion.

Other websites
 FIVB Profile
 PlusLiga player profile

1988 births
Living people
Competitors at the 2012 Summer Olympics
Polish Olympians
Polish volleyball players
Sportsmen
Cauby Peixoto

Cauby Peixoto (10 February 1931 – 15 May 2016) was a Brazilian singer, and actor. His career lasted from the late 1940s until his death in 2016. He is known for his deep voice and hairstyles. His genres include jazz and soft rock.

Peixoto was known for his album "Maxximum". He also appeared in movies. He was known for his appearance as a singer in the movie Com Água na.

He had a brief career in the United States in the 1950s, where he presented under the pseudonyms Ron Coby or Coby Dijon.

Peixoto was born in Niterói, Rio de Janeiro. He studied at a Salesian school in Niteroi. Peixoto died in São Paulo, São Paulo from pneumonia on 15 May 2016, aged 85.

Cauby was named by Time and Life magazines as the Brazilian Elvis Presley.

References

Other websites

 Official site
 
 Entry on Dicionário Cravo Albin (in Portuguese) 

1931 births
2016 deaths
Brazilian movie actors
Brazilian singers
Deaths from pneumonia
Disease-related deaths in Brazil
Jazz musicians
Jazz singers
People from Rio de Janeiro
Rock singers
LGBT singers
Can't Stop the Feeling!

"Can't Stop the Feeling!" is a song recorded by American singer-songwriter Justin Timberlake. It was on the soundtrack to the DreamWorks Animation movie, Trolls.  The song entered at number one on the US Billboard Hot 100. It reached the top five in the UK and Australia.  The song was Timberlake's comeback single after his son, Silas Randall Timberlake, was born to Justin and his wife, actress Jessica Biel.

References 

2016 songs
Justin Timberlake
Disco songs
Oya Aydoğan

Oya Aydoğan (10 February 1957 – 15 May 2016) was a Turkish actress, model and television presenter. She was the winner of the Ses Magazine Movie Actress Contest in 1976. Her career began in 1976 with the movie Deli Şahin. She was born in Erzincan, Turkey.

She was an Alevi Muslim. She retired in 2015.

She suffered an aortic aneurysm on 7 May 2016, the day before Mother's Day. She died on 15 May 2016 in a hospital in Istanbul, aged 59.

References

Other websites
 

1956 births
2016 deaths
Deaths from aortic aneurysm
Disease-related deaths in Turkey
Turkish models
Muslims
Television presenters
Turkish movie actors
Turkish television actors
Robert Louis Freeman Sr.

Robert Louis "Bobby" Freeman (April 27, 1934 – May 16, 2016) was an American attorney and politician. He was born in Plaquemine, Louisiana. He was the Democratic lieutenant governor of the U.S. state of Louisiana from 1980 to 1988. He worked with governor Edwin Edwards. Before becoming a politician, Freeman was an amateur boxer.

Freeman died at a hospital in Baton Rouge, Louisiana from an aneurysm on May 16, 2016, aged 82.

References

1934 births
2016 deaths
Lawyers from Louisiana
American boxers
Cardiovascular disease deaths in the United States
Deaths from aneurysm
Disease-related deaths in Louisiana
Sportspeople from Louisiana
US Democratic Party politicians
Lieutenant Governors of Louisiana
Romaldo Giurgola

Romaldo "Aldo" Giurgola  (2 September 1920 – 16 May 2016) was an Italian-Australian academic, architect, professor and author. Giurgola was born in Rome. He was a partner in the Philadelphia firm Mitchell/Giurgola Architects from 1958 until his death in 2016. He became an Australian citizen in 2000. He was known for designing the Parliament House in Canberra.

Giurgola died in Canberra, Australian Capital Territory on 16 May 2016, at the age of 95.

References

1920 births
2016 deaths
Australian architects
Australian educators
Italian architects

Military personnel of World War II
Naturalised citizens of Australia
Order of Australia
Writers from Rome
Modena Volleyball Club

Modena Volley is a professional volleyball team based in Modena, Italy.  It has played in the highest level of the Italian Volleyball League since 1968. It is the most successful Italian club, having won the national league twelve times and the national cup as well: Modena is the current holder of both titles. The club is one of the most prominent and prestigious in Europe. It achieved thirteen European trophies including four CEV Champions League. The main sponsor of the club is DHL Express.

References 
 Official website

1966 establishments in Europe
1960s establishments in Italy
Modena
Sport in Italy
Volleyball clubs
Barry Bostwick

Barry Knapp Bostwick (born February 24, 1945) is an American actor and singer. He is best known as Brad Majors in the musical comedy horror movie The Rocky Horror Picture Show (1975) and Mayor Randall Winston in the sitcom Spin City (1996–2002). Bostwick has also done well in musical theater. He won a Tony Award for his role in The Robber Bridegroom.

References

1945 births
Living people
comedians from California
Actors from California
American movie actors
American stage actors
American television actors
American video game actors
American voice actors
people from San Mateo, California
Star chart

A star chart is a graphic device or diagram which shows the night sky as seen from Earth. They are one of the oldest types of written or carved communication. There is a claim for a prehistoric carving as the first known star chart, but the evidence is not clear.

Star charts occur in Babylonian and Ancient Egyptian wall decorations and writing. In the ancient world, knowledge was needed for practical reasons and for religious reasons. Early star charts were used for all these purposes. Even today, they are used for both astronomy and astrology. In the renaissance, with its interest in ideas, hundreds of books were printed with star charts and other diagrams.

The key point for scientific charts is the use of data taken from observations, and listed in tables or databases. Historically, the first tables were in Ptolemy's Almagest (~AD 150). It has the last known star table from antiquity, with 1,028 stars.

References 

Graphics
Human communication
Astronomy
Kevin Downes

Kevin Downes (born September 21, 1972) is an American film actor, writer, producer and director. Downes grew up in Visalia, California, three hours north of Los Angeles.

References

Other websites

1972 births
Living people
Actors from California
American movie actors
American television actors
American television producers
Movie directors from California
Movie producers from California
Screenwriters from California
Ojo

Ojo is a town and local government area located in Lagos State, Nigeria. The town is traditionally ruled by the Olojo of Ojo. Alaba International Market and Lagos State University are located there.

References

Settlements in Lagos State
Local Government Areas in Lagos State
Lagos State University

Lagos State University, most times called LASU, is an higher institution located in Ojo, Lagos State. The university was established in 1983 as the only state university in the former British colony.

References

Other websites

1983 establishments in Africa
Lagos State
Otto Lilienthal

Otto Lilienthal was a German pioneer of aviation who became the first person to make  repeated successful  gliding flights.

On August 9, 1896, his glider stalled and he was unable to regain control. Falling from about 15 m (50 ft), he broke his neck and died the next day, 10 August, 1896.

German people
Intel NUC

The Intel NUC (Next Unit of Computing) is a very small desktop computer replacement that uses the ultra compact form factor. It is build as a direct clone of the Apple Mac Mini, which was launched 7 years before in January 2005. It is built to be a very small PC that can be used for basic computer jobs like word processing and internet reading. It can also be used to play most computer games. Some people use the NUC as a home theater computer because of its small size and how quiet it is.

History

The Intel NUC is on its sixth generation. The generations were called, in order from oldest to newest, Sandy Bridge, Ivy Bridge, Bay Trail, Haswell, Broadwell/Braswell, and Skylake. The names come from the processor that is on the motherboard of the NUC.

Models

Sandy Bridge

Ivy Bridge

Bay Trail

Haswell

Broadwell / Braswell

Skylake

References

Computers
Ikorodu

Ikorodu is a city and local government area in Lagos State, Nigeria. It is located along the Lagos Lagoon and shares a boundary with Ogun State.

Etymology
The word Ikorodu was derived from two Yoruba words Oko (English: farm) and Odu (English: a plant that blackens).

References

Settlements in Lagos State
Local Government Areas in Lagos State
Phetchaburi Province

Phetchaburi (, ) is one of the western provinces (changwat) of Thailand.

Geography
Phetchaburi is in the northern part of the Malay Peninsula. The Gulf of Thailand is to the east. Most of the province is a flat plain. The Kaeng Krachan National Park is Thailand's largest national park, covering nearly half of the province. It covers 3000 km2.

History

Phetchaburi is an old royal city, dating back to the Mon of the 8th century. Later Khmer settled in the city, as can be seen by the prangs of Wat Kamphaeng Laeng.

In 1860, King Rama IV built a palace near the city of Phetchaburi, commonly known as Khao Wang, but its official name is Phra Nakhon Khiri. Next to the palace the king built a tower for his astronomical observations. On a hill near the palace is the royal temple Wat Phra Kaeo.

Tourism

Sights
Hat Cha-am (หาดชะอำ) 
This tourist resort resort, with modern facilities, is on a beach considered to be one of the most popular beaches of Thailand.

Phra Nakhon Khiri Historical Park (อุทยานประวัติศาสตร์พระนครคีรี) 
This park is a hilly area with an old palace and historical temples near the town.  It has royal halls, temples and groups of buildings, constructed in Thai, Western neoclassic and Chinese architectural styles.

Wat Kamphaeng Laeng (วัดกำแพงแลง) 
This temple was originally a Khmer place of worship.  It was later turned into a Buddhist temple and a shrine hall was constructed.  However, the outlook of the place has not much changed due to the existence of sandstone walls and four Khmer style pagodas. 
 

Hat Chao Samran (หาดเจ้าสำราญ) 
Legend says that King Naresuan the Great and King Eka Thotsarot made several royal visits here and enjoyed its beauty.  The villagers called it "Hat Chao Samran", which means "beach of royal leisure".

Local products
Phetchaburi is known for a vast variety of sweet food. The reputation comes from the use of Tanot (palm) sugar.  Examples are Mo-kaeng, a sweet made from flour, sugar and eggs; A-lua and Sampanni, a sweet made from flour and sugar; Thong Yip, Thong Yot and Foi Thong, sweets made from baked egg-yolk; and Chao Tan Chueam (palm seed in thick syrup).

Festivals
Phra Nakhon Khiri Fair (งานพระนครคีรี) , also known as Khao Wang, it is an important historical site. During the reign of King Rama IV, it served as the king's out-of-town palace.

References

Other websites

Website of province (Thai only)

Provinces of Thailand
Austenite

Austenite is iron but in a metallic form. It is one of the allotropes of iron, which means its physical form is different from iron but its chemical form is the same. It is named after Sir William Chandler Roberts-Austen (1843–1902).

Austenitization

Austenitization means to heat iron, iron-based metal, or steel to a high temperature. At that temperature, the crystal structure of the metal changes from ferrite to austenite, which can dissolve more carbon.

For some irons, iron-based metals, and steels, the presence of carbides may occur during this austenitization step. The term commonly used for this is two-phase austenitization.

References

Other websites
Fe-Fe3C phase diagram 

Iron
Samara (fruit)

A samara is an achene, a type of dry winged botanical fruit. The shape of a samara enables the wind to carry the seed farther away than regular seeds from the parent tree:

 The seed can be in the centre of the wing, like the elms and the hoptree.
 The seed can be on one side, with the wing extending to the other side, making the seed self rotate it falls.

References

Further reading
Ralph Lorenz 2006. Spinning flight: dynamics of frisbees, boomerangs, samaras and skipping stones, ,  Copernicus New York. 

Fruits
British Petroleum

British Petroleum, now called "BP plc", is one of the world's seven biggest oil and gas companies. Its headquarters are in London. The company grew out of the old Anglo-Persian Oil Company, which was founded in 1908. It was privatised by the British government in stages between 1979 and 1987.

References 

 Bamberg, James H 1994/2000. The history of the British Petroleum Company. vols 2 & 3 of 3 vols, Cambridge University Press. 

1909 establishments in Europe
1900s establishments in the United Kingdom
Companies listed on the London Stock Exchange
Companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange
Companies of England
London
Alan Zweibel

Alan Zweibel (born May 20, 1950) is an American producer and writer. He was one of the original writers on Saturday Night Live. He and Garry Shandling were the co-creators of Showtime's It's Garry Shandling's Show. Zweibel was born to a Jewish family in Brooklyn and grew up in suburbs of Wantagh and Woodmere on Long Island. Zweibel graduated from George W. Hewlett High School and the University at Buffalo, The State University of New York. In 2006, Zweibel won the Thurber Prize for American Humor for his book The Other Shulman.

References

Other websites

 Official website
 Alan Zweibel on Twitter
 Alan Zweibel on Facebook
 

1950 births
Living people
American movie directors
American movie producers
American television personalities
American television producers
American television writers
Emmy Award winners
Writers from Brooklyn
Today (American TV program)

The Today Show is a morning talk/news show. It airs on National Broadcasting Company. As of 2016, the anchors were Savannah Guthrie. Natalie Morales reads the news and Al Roker forecasts the weather. Carson Daly contributes to the program on a regular basis as well.

During the week, the flagship hours of Today (7:00 a.m. - 9:00 a.m.) are co-anchored by Savannah Guthrie (2012–present) alongside co-hosts Al Roker (weather anchor; 1996–present), Carson Daly (social media anchor/Orange Room anchor; 2013–present), Jenna Bush Hager (correspondent; 2009–present), and Natalie Morales (West Coast anchor/correspondent; 2011–present).

The show also has a third and fourth hour. The third hour is hosted by Morales, Roker, Tamron Hall, and Willie Geist. The fourth hour is anchored by Kathie Lee Gifford.

Former anchors include Bryant Gumbell, Katie Couric, Meredith Vieira, and Ann Curry

Craig Melvin & Willie Geist anchored the final edition of Today with with Savannah Guthrie and Hoda Kotb on August 30, 2019. That day's broadcast ended with one of Kotb's favorite pieces of music instead of the traditional theme music.

Beginning on September 2, 2019, the broadcast was introduced simply as Today Show and it remained that way until January 2020.

References

American television series
NBC network shows
English-language television programs
Apportionment

Apportionment or apportionment by population is a concept in United States law of allocating representatives or taxes among the US states. Apportionment is based on the United States Census taken every ten years. Seats in the United States House of Representatives are then apportioned among the states. Each state gets a number of seats based on its population (the minimum is one seat). Congress enacted new apportionment legislation following every census until the mid-20th century. Article I, Section 2 of the United States Constitution requires that direct taxes be apportioned among the states by population. Apportionment by population proved to be a nearly impossible, uneven and unfair requirement for collecting taxes since the states had different populations. This was overturned by the Sixteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution which removed the apportionment requirement from Congress imposing direct taxes.

References 

United States law
Legal terms
David Muir

David Muir (born November 8, 1973) is the anchor of World News Tonight on ABC News. Muir also hosts special events and breaking news stories. He formerly anchored the weekend version of the show until he replaced Diane Sawyer in 2014. He was born in Syracuse, New York.

He co-moderated a Republican and a Democratic debate for ABC News alongside of Martha Raddatz.

References

1973 births
Living people
Journalists from New York
People from Syracuse, New York
Television personalities from New York
Ikeja

Ikeja is a town and local government area of Lagos State, Nigeria. It serves as the capital of Lagos State. Ikeja is known for being a well-planned commercial settlement with shopping malls, pharmacies and government reservation areas.

Etymology
Oral history has it that the word Ikeja was first coined from the Benin word Ikehdia (''English: military watch station).

It is also believed that the first colonial administrators in Lagos abbreviated Ikorodu and Epe Joint Administration to Ikeja for easy administration.

References 

Settlements in Lagos State
Local Government Areas in Lagos State
Saheed Osupa

Saheed Akorede Okunola (born 1969), popularly known as Saheed Osupa or King Saheed Osupa is a Nigerian musician, performer and film actor. His genre of music is majorly fuji.

Biography
Saheed Osupa was born in Ibadan, Oyo State but grew up in Lagos State where he completed his early education.

In 1983, Saheed Osupa chose music as his profession and went on to release his first record album titled Fuji Fa Disco which earned him fame. He has released over 25 record albums.

Related pages 
 List of Nigerians

References 

1969 births
Living people
Nigerian musicians
Singers
Perlin noise

Perlin noise was made by Ken Perlin in 1983. He made it because when computers created pictures that were supposed to look natural, they didn't look very good. Noise can be used to draw things that look natural, like clouds or smoke. It helps computer artists draw patterns that look more real.

In 1997, Perlin was awarded an Academy Award for Technical Achievement for discovering the algorithm:

References 

Computer graphics
Mireia Lalaguna

Mireia Lalaguna Royo (born 28 November 1992) is a Spanish model and actress. She is the winner of the Miss Spain 2015 and Miss World 2015 beauty competitions.

References

1992 births
Living people
Miss World winners
Spanish models
People from Barcelona
Heliobatis

Heliobatis is an extinct genus of stingray.  At present the genus contains the single species Heliobatis radians.

The fossil is found in the early Eocene, Wasatchian stage, Fossil Lake deposits. Fossil Lake is part of the Green River Formation in southwest Wyoming. 

Heliobatis is one of only two known rays to have been found in the Green River formation. The other species, Asterotrygon maloneyi, was recognized and described in 2004.

References 

Fossils
Cartilaginous fish
Taxing and Spending Clause

The Taxing and Spending Clause contained in Article I, Section 8, Clause 1 of the United States Constitution, grants the federal government of the United States its power of taxation. It authorizes Congress to levy taxes for two purposes: to pay the debts of the United States and to provide for the common defense and general welfare of the United States. Contained in the Taxing and Spending Clause are two additional clauses: the General Welfare Clause and the Uniformity Clause.

Text

Background 
The Articles of Confederation (1781–1789) did not grant the central government the power to levy taxes. Only the states had this power. Congress could get money only by asking the states for funds. They could also borrow money from foreign governments or sell off western lands. This was designed to keep a weak central government with the majority of the governing powers reserved for the independent states. Congress had no revenues to pay its debts or to enforce its laws and treaties. This was one of the issues taken up by the Constitutional Convention in 1787 and changed in the Constitution.

Kinds of taxes 
The power of Congress to levy taxes has an exception and two qualifications in the Constitution. Any goods exported from any state may not be taxed. Direct taxes must follow the rule of apportionment

General Welfare Clause 
The power granted to “provide . . . for the general welfare” is granted by the Constitution. In 1791 Thomas Jefferson wrote:

He was writing about the constitutionality of having a national bank. Here he was making the point that the clause was not an independent power granted to Congress, but was intended to qualify that taxing power. The Supreme Court has not since had any occasion to make a formal ruling on the point.

There was a different of opinion on the meaning of “the general welfare” between the two authors of this clause. Alexander Hamilton adopted a very plain view that the clause meant just what it said. The general welfare meant for every citizen's benefit. James Madison took a more limited view. He believed the clause gave Congress the power of taxation just to support itself and remain in power. Congress has followed Hamilton's view from the start. They have made increasing appropriations for spending for the general welfare often requiring matching funds from the states.

Uniformity clause 
Indirect taxes are subject to the rule of uniformity. This states "all Duties, Imposts and Excises shall be uniform throughout the United States". At first, the Supreme court declared that a tax is uniform "if it "operates with the same force and effect in every place where the subject of it is found." In United States v. Ptasynski (1983), the Court concluded unanimously that any tax in which the subject is defined in non-geographic terms satisfies the Uniformity Clause. Secondly, where a subject is defined geographically, the tax needs to carefully look for any "actual geographic discrimination."

Notes

References

Other websites 
 Taxing and Spending Power, YouTube

United States Constitution
1787 establishments in the United States
Steve Biko

Stephen Bantu Biko (18 December 1946 – 12 September 1977) was a South African activist. He is famous for for his activism against apartheid in South Africa during the 1960s and 1970s. He created the Black Consciousness Movement.

Life
Biko was born in Ginsberg Township (now called the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa). He started high school at Lovedale High School.  However, he was kicked out of school because of his political ideas about South Africa.  He finished high school at St. Francis College.

During the late 1960s, Biko was a medical student at the University of Natal.  During this time, he helped create the South African Students' Organisation. The organization later changed into the Black Consciousness Movement, and elected Biko as its first president in 1968.

As a student, during the early 1970s, Biko fought against apartheid in many ways. Eventually, in 1972, he was kicked out of the University of Natal. In February 1973, the South African apartheid government banned Biko.  This severely limited his freedom of speech.

Biko and the Black Consciousness Movement played key roles in organizing protests, led by South African high school students, that resulted in the Soweto Uprising.

Death

On 18 August 1977, Biko was arrested.  He died on 12 September 1977 due to injuries he got while in police custody.

References

Other websites

Young Black Leader Dies in Detention in South Africa, Raising Fears of New Unrest By John F. Burns, special to the New York Times
Thesis on the prospects of Bikoism in today's South Africa 
The Steve Biko Foundation
The relevance of Black Consciousness today
Donald Woods talks in 1987 about his friendship with Steve Biko
New Introduction to I Write What I Like by Lewis Gordon
Black Consciousness: The dialectics of liberation

1946 births
1977 deaths
Activists

Prisoners
South African political writers
Pollock v. Farmers' Loan & Trust Co

Pollock v. Farmers' Loan & Trust Company, , was a Landmark decision by the Supreme Court of the United States. In a 5–4 decision the Court ruled that the federal Income Tax Act of 1894 was unconstitutional. The Pollock decision was overturned by the passing of the Sixteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution.

Background 
Article I, Section 2 of the United States Constitution required that direct taxes be apportioned among the states by population. Apportionment by population proved to be a nearly impossible, uneven and unfair requirement for collecting taxes since the states had different populations. An income tax is a direct tax. So the federal government relied on tariffs and other sources of revenue.

During the Civil War, in order to fund the war, the federal government passed an income tax law. In 1862, Abraham Lincoln signed a bill that called for a 3% tax on incomes between $600 and $5,000, 7.5% on incomes between $5,000 and $10,000 and 10% on incomes over $10,000. The bill was declared unconstitutional in 1872 when it was repealed.

In 1894 Congress created a personal income tax as a part of theWilson–Gorman Tariff Act. President Grover Cleveland was unhappy with the bill but let it pass without his signature. All income over $4,000 was subject to a 2% tax. It was the first peacetime federal income tax in the United States. It was challenged right away on the grounds that the Constitution required direct taxes to be levied in proportion to each state's population (called apportionment). The US government has levied taxes before but these were indirect taxes (such as on whiskey, carriages and other goods).

Facts 
The Gorman Tariff Act of 1894 called for a 2% tax on any "gains, profits and incomes" over $4,000 for a period of five years. Shareholders of the Farmers' Loan & Trust Co., based out of New York, would pay the required tax. In addition they would provide a list of the names of shareholders to the Bureau of Internal Revenue.

A Shareholder, Charles Pollock, who lived in Massachusetts and owned ten shares of stock, sued the company. He did not want them to pay the tax. He lost his case in the lower courts and appealed to the Supreme Court, which agreed to hear the case. The high court ruled in Pollick's favor declaring the tariff act (sections 27 to 37) unconstitutional.

Notes

References

Other websites 
 Two Minute Supreme Court Case Summary : Pollock v Farmers Loan and Trust Co, YouTube

1895
1890s in the United States
United States Supreme Court cases
It's Garry Shandling's Show

It's Garry Shandling's Show is an American sitcom. It is about the everyday life of Garry Shandling (portraying a fictionalized version of himself). It aired from 1986-1990.

References

Other websites
 

1986 American television series debuts
1990 American television series endings
1980s American television series
1990s American television series
American sitcoms
English-language television programs
2013–14 La Liga

The 2013–14 La Liga season (known as the Liga BBVA for sponsorship reasons) was the 83rd since its establishment. The season began on 17 August 2013 and ended on 18 May 2014.

League Table

Statistics

Top goalscorers
The Pichichi Trophy is awarded by newspaper Marca to the player who scores the most goals in a season.

Source: pichichi.es

Top Assists

Zamora Trophy
The Zamora Trophy is awarded by newspaper Marca to the goalkeeper with least goals-to-games ratio.

Hat-tricks 

4 Player scored four goals

5 Player scored five goals

(H) – Home ; (A) – Away

Discipline 
 Most yellow cards (club): 102
 Málaga
 Most yellow cards (player): 15
 Alberto Botía (Elche)
 Most red cards (club): 8
 Real Betis
 Rayo Vallecano
 Osasuna
 Most red cards (player): 2
 6 players

References 

2013-14 La Liga
2013 in Europe
2014 in Europe
Football in Spain
2013 in sports
2014 in sports
2014 in association football
Milton Obote

Apollo Milton Obote (28 December 1925  10 October 2005) was a Ugandan politician who led Uganda to independence in 1962 from British colonial rule.

Betweeen 1962 to 1966, Obote served as Prime Minister of Uganda. He also went on to serve twice as President of Uganda from 1966 to 1971 then from 1980 to 1985.

On 10 October 2005, Obote died of kidney failure in a hospital in Johannesburg, South Africa, aged 79.

References

1925 births
2005 deaths
Deaths from renal failure
Disease-related deaths in South Africa
Presidents of Uganda
Prime Ministers of Uganda
Jimmy MacDonald

John James "Jimmy" MacDonald  (May 19, 1906 – February 1, 1991) was a British-born American foley artist, animator, voice actor, musician, and the original head of the Disney sound effects department. He was also known for being the voice of Mickey Mouse from 1947 to 1977. After MacDonald's resignment in 1977, Wayne Allwine took over the role as Mickey from 1977 until his death in 2009.

References

Other websites
 
 Biography at Disney Legends website
 
 The Voice of Mickey Mouse at The Scotsman website
 The Voice of Mickey Mouse at BBC Radio Scotland

1906 births
1991 deaths
Animators
Cardiovascular disease deaths in Los Angeles County, California
Deaths from heart failure
English voice actors
People from Crewe
Katherine Dunn

Katherine Karen Dunn (October 24, 1945 – May 11, 2016) was an American novelist, journalist, voice artist, radio personality, book reviewer and poet. She was born in Garden City, Kansas, but was raised in Portland, Oregon.  She was best known for the novel Geek Love (1989). 

Dunn died of lung cancer on May 11, 2016 in Portland, aged 70.

References

Other websites
An interview with Guernica Magazine about her new book, One Ring Circus 
What The Hell Ever Happened To... Katherine Dunn? LitReactor, 2012
Entry in The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction

1945 births
2016 deaths
Deaths from lung cancer
Writers from Kansas
Writers from Portland, Oregon