cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Sonja Ball

Sonja Ball, (born October 20, 1956), is a Canadian voice actress and singer. Ball is well known for her voice-over work as the voice of Jane Read in the PBS children's TV series Arthur, Huckle Cat in The Busy World of Richard Scarry, Polly in the English dub of Samurai Pizza Cats, Nicole in the Madeline TV specials, and Marina and Hedwig in the English dub of Saban's Adventures of the Little Mermaid. She also did the voice for 5-year-old Wimzie, a happy-go-lucky, half-bird, half-dragon in the PBS children's series Wimzie's House. Ball is also known for her talented singing voice for several theme songs such as Ovide and the Gang, Adventures of the Little Koala, Woofy, The Little Flying Bears, Yakari, Wimzie's House, and The Legend of North Wind as well as providing narration and vocalist for the National Film Board of Canada's 1998 short Ludovic: The Snow Gift.

Other websites

1956 births
Living people
Actors from Montreal
Canadian actors
Canadian voice actors
A. J. Henderson

A.J. Henderson, (born March 14, 1951), is a Canadian voice actor and voice director.  He was born on 14 March 1951, in British Columbia. He is very prolific, having done voices for numerous anime, cartoons and video games. He usually plays the roles of gruff old men.

His best known roles included Ed Crosswire and Grandpa Read in Arthur, Sharky in Sharky & George, Baloo in Jungle Book Shōnen Mowgli, Tik-Tok in The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, Sammie in The Little Flying Bears, Big Al Dente in Samurai Pizza Cats, Cy in Ovide Video, Flip in Maya the Bee, Max in Flight Squad, Professor Leonard in Tommy and Oscar, Sgt. Folenfant in Night Hood, most of the cast (except for Monty the Mole) in Ox Tales and Gaspard in The Mysterious Cities of Gold.

Other websites

1951 births
Living people
Actors from Montreal
Canadian actors
Canadian voice actors.
Dean Shek

Dean Shek (17 October 1949 – 31 October 2021),  also known as Dean Shek Tin, was a Hong Kong actor and producer. He was best known as Professor Kai-hsien in the 1978 movie Drunken Master, Lung Sei in the 1987 movie A Better Tomorrow II, and Snooker in the 1990 movie The Dragon from Russia.

Shek died from cancer on 31 October 2021, at the age of 72. He had been diagnosed with the disease two months before his death.

References

1949 births
2021 deaths
Actors from Hong Kong
Movie producers
Deaths from cancer
Gulraiz Akhtar

Gulraiz Akhtar (2 February 1943 – 1 November 2021) was a Pakistani field hockey player. He was born in Rawalpindi, Pakistan. He won his first gold medal at the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City.

References

1943 births
2021 deaths
Pakistani people
Ice hockey players
Olympic gold medalists
Jonathan Gledhill

Jonathan Michael Gledhill (14 February 1949 – 1 November 2021) was an English Anglican clergyman. He was the Bishop of Southampton from 1996 to 2003, and the Bishop of Lichfield from 2003 to 2015. He was born in Windsor, Berkshire, England.

He announced he had Parkinson's disease, shortly before his retirement from ministry in 2015. Gledhill died on 1 November 2021, at the age of 72.

References

1949 births
2021 deaths
Deaths from Parkinson's disease
English Anglicans
Anglican bishops
People from Berkshire
Yuri Klepikov

Yuri Nikolaevich Klepikov  (; 24 August 1935 – 1 November 2021) was a Russian screenwriter and actor. His career began in 1966. A screenwriter, he was known for his works in The Story of Asya Klyachina (1966), The Seventh Companion (1967), Mama Married (1969), Dauria (1971), The Ascent (1976) and Boys (1983).

References

1935 births
2021 deaths
Russian screenwriters
Russian movie actors
Alvin "Seeco" Patterson

Alvin "Seeco" Patterson (born Francisco Willie, 30 December 1930 – 1 November 2021) was a Cuban-born Jamaican percussionist. He was a member of The Wailers Band. He was born Havana, Cuba.

References

1930 births
2021 deaths
Cuban musicians
Jamaican entertainers
Reggae musicians
People from Havana
Sabah Fakhri

Sabah al-Din Abu Qaws (), also known as Sabah Fakhri (; May 2, 1933 – November 2, 2021), was a Syrian tenor singer. He was well known for his strong vocals. His songs were seen as Maqamat and harmonic.

In 1998, Fakhri became a member of the Syrian parliament.

Works
 Yā Hādī al-‘Ess / Mālek Yā Ḥelwa(t) Mālek
 Khamrat el-Ḥobb
 Yā Ṭīra(t) Ṭīrī
 Fōg el-Nakhal (Iraqi song)
 ’Adduka al-Mayāss
 Yā Māl el-Shām
 Muwashshaḥ Imlīlī / Yā Shādī el-Alḥān
 Eba‘atlī Jawwāb
 Ah Yā Ḥelō

References

1933 births
2021 deaths
Syrian people
Tenors
Hiroshi Ogawa (politician)

was a Japanese politician. He became the governor of Fukuoka Prefecture in 2011. In 2015, he was re-elected for a second term and for a third term in 2019. Ogawa was born in Fukuoka, Japan.

In September 2021, Ogawa resigned after being diagnosed with terminal lung cancer. He died from the disease on 2 November 2021 in Fukuoka, aged 72.

References

1949 births
2021 deaths
Deaths from lung cancer
Japanese politicians
Viktor Putyatin

Viktor Putyatin (; 12 September 1941 – 2 November 2021) was a Soviet fencer. He won silver medals in the team foil events at the 1968 and 1972 Summer Olympics. Putyatin was born in Kharkiv, Ukrainian SSR, Soviet Union.

Putyatin died in Kyiv, Ukraine on 2 November 2021, aged 80.

References

1941 births
2021 deaths
Ukrainian sportspeople
Soviet Olympic silver medalists
Fencers
Bruce Harrell

Bruce Allen Harrell (born October 10, 1958) is an American politician and attorney. He is the Mayor of Seattle since 2022. He was the mayor before for a short time in 2017. He was a member of the Seattle City Council. He was first elected to the city council in 2007 and was re-elected in 2011 and 2015, and did not run again in 2019.

References

1958 births
Living people
Mayors of Seattle
US Democratic Party politicians
Lawyers from Virginia
Ed Gainey

Edward C. "Ed" Gainey (born February 19, 1970) is an American Democratic politician. He is the 61st Mayor of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania since 2022. He is a member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives since 2013. He was elected mayor in 2021.

References

1970 births
Living people
State legislators of the United States
Mayors of Pittsburgh
US Democratic Party politicians
Mattie Parker

Mattie Parker (born 1983 or 1984) is an American politician. She has been the Mayor of Fort Worth, Texas since 2021. She is the youngest mayor of a major American city in U.S. history.

Parker was elected mayor after winning 54% of the vote in the 2021 election.

References

1980s births
Living people
Mayors of Fort Worth
US Republican Party politicians
Tishaura Jones

Tishaura Oneda Jones ( ; born March 10, 1972) is an American politician. She is the Mayor of St. Louis, Missouri since 2021. She is a member of the Democratic Party. Jones was elected to the Missouri House of Representatives in 2008, serving until 2013. She was Treasurer of St. Louis from 2013 to 2021.

References

1972 births
Living people
Mayors of St. Louis
US Democratic Party politicians
Shontel Brown

Shontel M. Brown (born June 24, 1975) is an American politician. She is a member of the United States House of Representatives for Ohio's 11th congressional district since 2021. She is a member of the Democratic Party. She was also a member of the Cuyahoga County Council from 2015 until 2021.

References

1975 births
Living people
US Democratic Party politicians
Politicians from Cleveland, Ohio
United States representatives from Ohio
Jack Ciattarelli

Jack M. Ciattarelli (born December 12, 1961) is an American politician and businessman. He was the Republican nominee for governor in the 2021 New Jersey gubernatorial election. 

Ciattarelli was in the New Jersey General Assembly from 2011 to 2018. He is a Republican. He finished second in the primary race for governor in 2017, to Kim Guadagno. 

Ciattarelli won the Republican gubernatorial nomination on June 8, 2021. He ran against Democratic Governor Phil Murphy in the general election on November 2. He narrowly lost the election to Governor Murphy, in a race that was closer than expected.

References

1961 births
Living people
State legislators of the United States
Politicians from New Jersey
Businesspeople from New Jersey
US Republican Party politicians
Felicia Moore

Felicia A. Moore is an American Democratic politician. She is the President of the Atlanta City Council since 2017.

On January 28, 2021, Moore announced her candidacy for Mayor of Atlanta in the 2021 Atlanta mayoral election.

References

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Politicians from Atlanta, Georgia
US Democratic Party politicians
Franconia, New Hampshire

Franconia is a town in Grafton County, New Hampshire, United States. At the 2010 census, 1,104 people lived there.

Other websites
 
 New Hampshire Economic and Labor Market Information Bureau Profile

Towns in New Hampshire
Justin Bibb

Justin Bibb (born April 26, 1987) is an American nonprofit leader, businessman and politician. He is the Mayor of Cleveland since 2022. He is the co-chair of Teach for America.

In January 2021, Bibb announced his candidacy for Cleveland Mayor in the 2021 election. He was elected in a landslide victory in November, becoming Cleveland's 4th African American mayor.

References

1987 births
Living people
Businesspeople from Cleveland, Ohio
American political activists
US Democratic Party politicians
Mayors of Cleveland
Great Falls, Virginia

Great Falls is a census-designated place (CDP) in Fairfax County, Virginia, United States.  The population as of the 2010 census was 15,427.

References

Census-designated places in Virginia
2021 New Jersey gubernatorial election

The 2021 New Jersey gubernatorial election took place on November 2, 2021, to elect the governor of New Jersey.

Current Democratic Governor Phil Murphy, who was first elected in 2017 with 56% of the vote, ran for reelection to a second term. He formally announced his plans to run for a second term on October 1, 2020. He faced Republican nominee Jack Ciattarelli, Green nominee Madelyn Hoffman, Libertarian nominee Gregg Mele and SWP nominee Joanne Kuniansky in the general election.

Based on polling numbers, many thought Murphy was going to easily win re-election. Murphy beat Ciattarelli in a result that was closer than expected. Murphy is the first Democratic Governor of New Jersey to win re-election since Brendan Byrne in 1977.

Murphy will be sworn in for a second term on January 18, 2022.

Polls

Table

Results

Notes

References

November 2021 events
Jason Miyares

Jason Stuart Miyares (born February 11, 1976) is an American attorney and politician. He is the 48th and current Attorney General of Virginia since January 15, 2022. He is a Republican. Before becoming attorney general, he was a member of the Virginia House of Delegates from 2016 to 2022.

He ran as the Republican nominee for Virginia Attorney General in the 2021 election, beating then-current Attorney General Mark Herring in the November general election.

References

1976 births
Living people
State legislators of the United States
Lawyers from Virginia
Politicians from North Carolina
Politicians from Virginia
People from Greensboro, North Carolina
US Republican Party politicians
Lawyers from North Carolina
Winsome Sears

Winsome Earle Sears (born March 11, 1964) is an American politician who is the 42nd and current Lieutenant Governor of Virginia. She is a Republican. She was a member of the Virginia House of Delegates from 2002 to 2004.

In September 2018, she ran for U.S. Senate as a Republican write-in.

Sears was the Republican nominee for lieutenant governor in the 2021 election. She won the election; becoming the first black woman to be elected in a statewide office in Virginia.

On January 15, 2022, Sears was sworn in as the 42nd Lieutenant Governor of Virginia.

References

1964 births
Living people
US Republican Party politicians
People from Kingston, Jamaica
African American politicians
Lieutenant Governors of Virginia
Bill Bolling

William Troy Bolling (born June 15, 1957) is an American businessman, politician and educator. He was the 39th Lieutenant Governor of Virginia. He is a Republican.

References

1957 births
Living people
Educators from Virginia
Lieutenant Governors of Virginia
US Republican Party politicians
Politicians from West Virginia
Businesspeople from West Virginia
Businesspeople from Virginia
Educators from West Virginia
Sistersville, West Virginia

Sistersville is a city in Tyler County, West Virginia, United States, along the Ohio River. The population was 1,396 at the 2010 census.

References

Cities in West Virginia
Middlebourne, West Virginia

Middlebourne is a town in Tyler County, West Virginia, United States. The population was 815 at the 2010 census. It serves as the county seat of Tyler County.

References

Towns in West Virginia
County seats in West Virginia
Knock on Any Door

Knock on Any Door is a 1949 Brazilian American courtroom drama movie directed by Nicholas Ray and was based on the 1947 novel of the same name by Willard Motley. It stars Humphrey Bogart, John Derek, George Macready, Allene Roberts, Candy Toxton, Barry Kelley and was distributed by Columbia Pictures.

Other websites
 
 
 

1949 drama movies
Brazilian movies
American drama movies
Movies based on books
Movies directed by Nicholas Ray
Columbia Pictures movies
F.C. Nassaji Mazandaran

Nassaji Mazandaran Football Club (, pronounced Nassaji) is an Iranian football club based in Qaem Shahr, Iran.

References

1959 establishments in Asia
Iranian football clubs
Wi Ha-joon

Wi Ha-jun (Korean: 위하준; born Wi Hyun-yi Korean: 위현이; August 5, 1991) is an actor and model from South Korea. He is famous for his roles in such films as Gonjiam: Haunted Asylum (2018), Shark: The Beginning (2021) and Midnight (2021). 

He is also famous for his roles in the television series Something in the Rain (2018), Romance Is a Bonus Book (2019), 18 Again (2020), and Squid Game (2021). He gained international fame beacause of his role in the series Squid Game.

Early life 
Wi Ha-jun was born on August 5, 1991 on the island of Soando, South Jeolla Province, South Korea. He grew up on his family's abalone farm. 

He studied in Sungkyul University, majoring in theatre and film.

References 

Living people
People from Seoul
1991 births
South Korean models
South Korean television actors
South Korean movie actors
Lee Jung-jae

Lee Jung-jae (; born December 15, 1972) is an actor and former model from South Korea. In 2021 he gained fame for his role of Seong Gi-Hun in Netflix's survival drama Squid Game.

Career 
He started his career as a fashion model. Then Lee Jung-jae began his acting career on television in the campus series Feelings (1994) and the iconic drama Sandglass (1995).

Lee's film career grew after his acting breakthrough in An Affair (1998). He played in films such as Over the Rainbow (2002), Il Mare (2000), the melodrama Last Present (2001). He also played in popular comedies, such as Oh! Brothers (2003), action films The Last Witness (2001) and Typhoon (2005), heist film The Thieves (2012), film noir New World (2013), and period film The Face Reader (2013). 

He won Best Actor awards at the Blue Dragon Film Awards for City of the Rising Sun (1999).

References

Living people
1972 births
South Korean movie actors
South Korean television actors
South Korean models
Park Hae-soo

Park Hae-soo (; born November 21, 1981) is an actor from South Korea. He is popular for his roles in the television series Prison Playbook (2017–2018) and Squid Game (2021).

Career 
Park Hae-soo impressed fans with his lead role in the drama series Prison Playbook in 2017. This role earned him Best New Actor at The Seoul Awards.

Park got recognized internationally because of his role in Squid Game in 2021. He gained over 800,000 Instagram followers in a single day.

References 

Living people
People from Seoul
1981 births
South Korean movie actors
South Korean television actors
Microsoft Office 2000

Microsoft Office 2000 was an business softwares developed of Microsoft Corporation, succesors like Office 97, Microsoft Office 2000 has introduced brand news of ''Office News'' channel on May 14, 1999 and release of Microsoft Office 2000 on June 7, 1999, along release of Windows 2000 Beta 1.

History and development 
In development of Office 2000 has started begin of Windows 98 Beta 2 on January 1997, with the version 10.9.0, it was ended of development of Office 2000 on December 31, 1997. Microsoft scheduled started on 1999, they will be started release Microsoft Office 2000 with "Office News" channel launched announcement of New York City and Redmond, Washington. 

In May 20, 1999. Microsoft started release of Microsoft Office 2000 RTM version and running of operating system Windows 95 and Windows 98. In May 31, first introduced of Microsoft Office 2000 has begin at Microsoft Build 2000. In June 7, 1999, Microsoft started release Microsoft Office 2000 for worldwide.

Supported 
Microsoft Office 2000 has supported of operating system Windows 95 and Windows 98 on May 20, 1999. In Windows 2000, Microsoft has started release Office 2000 for Windows 2000 on March 17, 2000. In Windows ME, which smillar to Windows 2000, Office 2000 has release of Windows ME begin on September 19, 2000. 

In August 29, 2001, Windows XP RTM version has release of Microsoft Office 2000. In 2006, Windows Vista Beta 1 has not supported of Microsoft Office 2000, because no longers about supported.

Support lifecycles 
In July 20, 2004, Microsoft announced they will be ended support of Microsoft Office 2000, another BBC News and The New York Times the Microsoft Office 2000 has ended of service lifecycles on September 20, 2004. In January 2006, Microsoft Office 2000 has no longers after release in 1999, there are 6 years ago along with release Office 2000. Microsoft Office 2000 has stopped countinues in Microsoft websites on February 23, 2006, after announced of Windows Longhorn build 4750.

Microsoft Office
Microsoft software
James Scott, 1st Duke of Monmouth

James Scott, 1st Duke of Monmouth, 1st Duke of Buccleuch, KG, PC (9 April 1649 – 15 July 1685) was a English nobleman.

1649 births
1685 deaths
United Kingdom Dukes
Human rights in Afghanistan

Human rights in Afghanistan is a topic of some controversy and conflict. 

Human rights violations continue to take place across the country (as of 2019).

Sexual orientation

Previously, homosexuality and cross-dressing were capital crimes.

References

Afghan
Politics of Afghanistan
Sarcohyla crassa

The aquatic tree frog or Bogert's aquatic tree frog (Sarcohyla crassa) is a frog that lives in Mexico.  It lives in cloud forests.  Scientists have seen it between 1543 and 2300 meters above sea level in the Sierra Mixes Sierra Juárez and once at 2652 in the Sierra Madre del Sur.

References

Frogs
Animals of North America
Ibrahim Ibrahimi

Ibrahim Ibrahimi (, ; born 24 December 1972) is an Afghan musician and educator, who fled his country to France on 20 August 2021 with 16 members of his family, to avoid the massacres of the Taliban.

He specializes in playing tabla. Two of his sons are musicians too.

References

Other websites 

 «Ensemble Ibrahimi», Centre international des musiques nomades site

1972 births
Afghan people
Composers
Therian

A therian is someone who spiritually identifies as an animal. They know and are fully aware they are human. Therians and Otherkin are very closely tied and are often called the same. A therian is not a furry, but is often confused. Therians and otherkin experience shifts that include mental shifts, phantom shifts, and astral shifts.
List of countries in the 2020s

This is a list of countries in the 2020s, giving an overview of states around the world during the period between 1 January 2020 and the present day. It contains 209 entries, arranged alphabetically, with information on the status and recognition of their sovereignty. It includes 195 widely recognized sovereign states, two associated states, and 12 entities which claim an effective sovereignty but are considered de jure constituents of other powers by the general international community.

Members or observers of the United Nations

Non-UN members or observers

Other entities
Excluded from the list above are the following noteworthy entities which either were not fully sovereign or did not claim to be independent:
  as a whole has no government and no permanent population. Seven states claim portions of Antarctica and five of these have reciprocally recognised one another's claims. These claims, which were regulated by the Antarctic Treaty System, were neither recognised nor disputed by any other signatory state.
  The European Union is a sui generis supranational organisation which had 27 (then 28) member states. The member states had transferred a measure of their legislative, executive, and judicial powers to the institutions of the EU, and as such the EU had some elements of sovereignty, without generally being considered a sovereign state. The European Union did not claim to be a sovereign state and had only limited capacity for relations with other states.
 The Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) is a former proto-state and current insurgent group in primarily Iraq and Syria among other nations. ISlL used to be considered a quasi-state, but is no longer considered as such.
  The Sovereign Military Order of Malta is a United Nations observer. The order had bi-lateral diplomatic relations with a large number of states, but has no territory other than extraterritorial areas within Rome and Malta. The order's Constitution stated: "The Order is a subject of international law and exercises sovereign functions." Although the order frequently asserted its sovereignty, it did not claim to be a sovereign state. It lacked a defined territory. Since all its members were citizens of other states, almost all of them lived in their native countries, and those who resided in the order's extraterritorial properties in Rome did so only in connection with their official duties, the order lacked the characteristic of having a permanent population.
 The Tigray Region is recognized as a region of Ethiopia. Despite being at war with the rest of Ethiopia, it isn't commonly considered a soveriegn state and is more of an insurgency or proto-state.

Notes

References

2020s
Lists of countries in the 21st century
List of countries in the 2010s

This is a list of countries in the 2010s, giving an overview of states around the world during the period between 1 January 2010 and 31 December 2019. It contains 209 entries, arranged alphabetically, with information on the status and recognition of their sovereignty. It includes 195 widely recognized sovereign states, 2 associated states, and 12 entities which claim an effective sovereignty but are considered de facto constituents of other powers by the general international community.

Members or observers of the United Nations

Non-UN members or observers

Other entities
Excluded from the list above are the following noteworthy entities which either were not fully sovereign or did not claim to be independent:
  as a whole had no government and no permanent population. Seven states claims portions of Antarctica and five of these had reciprocally recognised one another's claims. These claims, which were regulated by the Antarctic Treaty System, were neither recognised nor disputed by any other signatory state.
  The European Union is a sui generis supranational organisation which had 27 (then 28) member states. The member states had transferred a measure of their legislative, executive, and judicial powers to the institutions of the EU, and as such the EU had some elements of sovereignty, without generally being considered a sovereign state. The European Union did not claim to be a sovereign state and had only limited capacity for relations with other states.
  The Sovereign Military Order of Malta is a United Nations observer. The order had bi-lateral diplomatic relations with a large number of states, but has no territory other than extraterritorial areas within Rome and Malta. The order's Constitution stated: "The Order is a subject of international law and exercises sovereign functions." Although the order frequently asserted its sovereignty, it did not claim to be a sovereign state. It lacked a defined territory. Since all its members were citizens of other states, almost all of them lived in their native countries, and those who resided in the order's extraterritorial properties in Rome did so only in connection with their official duties, the order lacked the characteristic of having a permanent population.

Notes

References

2010s
Lists of countries in the 21st century
List of countries in the 2000s

This is a list of countries in the 2000s, giving an overview of states around the world during the period between 1 January 2000 and 31 December 2009. It contains 213 entries, arranged alphabetically, with information on the status and recognition of their sovereignty. It includes 194 widely recognized sovereign states, 2 associated states, and 17 entities which claim an effective sovereignty but are considered de facto dependencies of other powers by the general international community.

Members or observers of the United Nations

Non-UN members or observers

Other entities
Excluded from the list above are the following noteworthy entities which either were not fully sovereign or did not claim to be independent:
Antarctica as a whole had no government and no permanent population. Seven states claimed portions of Antarctica and five of these had reciprocally recognised one another's claims. These claims, which were regulated by the Antarctic Treaty System, were neither recognised nor disputed by any other signatory state.
  The European Union was a sui generis supranational organisation which had 15 (later 28) member states. The member states had transferred a measure of their legislative, executive, and judicial powers to the institutions of the EU, and as such the EU had some elements of sovereignty, without generally being considered a sovereign state. The European Union did not claim to be a sovereign state and had only limited capacity for relations with other states.
  Kosovo was a territory that was nominally part of Serbia and Montenegro (until 2006) and then Serbia (from 2006 to 2008), but was under United Nations administration as part of the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo.
  The Sovereign Military Order of Malta was a United Nations observer. The order had bi-lateral diplomatic relations with a large number of states, but has no territory other than extraterritorial areas within Rome. The order's Constitution stated: "The Order is a subject of international law and exercises sovereign functions." Although the order frequently asserted its sovereignty, it did not claim to be a sovereign state. It lacked a defined territory. Since all its members were citizens of other states, almost all of them lived in their native countries, and those who resided in the order's extraterritorial properties in Rome did so only in connection with their official duties, the order lacked the characteristic of having a permanent population.
  The United Nations Transitional Administration in East Timor was a transitional non-independent territory governed by the United Nations. It was neither sovereign nor under the sovereignty of any other state. It became the independent state of East Timor on 20 May 2002.

Notes

References

2000s
Lists of countries in the 21st century
Metaverse

The metaverse is a network of virtual places that are linked into a virtual universe. It is often described as a future version of the Internet.

Etymology 
The word "metaverse" is portmanteau word of the words "meta" and "universe".

The term was coined in the 1992 science fiction novel Snow Crash by Neal Stephenson.

Related pages 
 Massively multiplayer online game

References 

Networks
Technology
List of countries in the 1900s



Sovereign states

Non-sovereign territories

United Kingdom
 – Cape of Good Hope
 Fiji – Colony of Fiji
 New South Wales – Colony of New South Wales 
 New Zealand – Colony of New Zealand 
 Queensland – Colony of Queensland 
 Tasmania – Colony of Tasmania 
 Victoria – Colony of Victoria

Notes

References

1900s
Lists of countries in the 20th century
Emmett Chapman

Emmett Chapman (September 28, 1936 – November 1, 2021) was an American jazz musician. He was best known as the inventor of the Chapman Stick.

References

Other websites
 Biographical website
 Stick Enterprises
 Interview at Mel Bay Guitar Sessions 
 Documentary by Dan Chapman
 Interview at NAMM Oral History Library (2011)

1936 births
2021 deaths
American jazz musicians
American songwriters
American inventors
American guitarists
Flora D. Crittenden

Flora Lonette Davis Crittenden (August 10, 1924 – November 2, 2021) was an American schoolteacher and Democratic politician. She was a member of the Virginia House of Delegates from 1993 until 2004.

Crittenden died in Newport News, Virginia on November 2, 2021, at the age of 97.

References

1924 births
2021 deaths
American teachers
State legislators of the United States
Politicians from Brooklyn
Politicians from Virginia
US Democratic Party politicians
Educators from New York City
Dorothy Manley

Dorothy Gladys Manley (later Hall, then Parlett; 29 April 1927 – 3 November 2021) was a British sprint runner. She competed in the 1948 Summer Olympics, where she won the silver medal. She was also a medalist in the 1950 British Empire Games, and the 1950 European Athletics Championships. Manley was born in London.

Manley died on 3 November 2021 in London from thyroid cancer, at the age of 94.

References

1927 births
2021 deaths
British Olympic silver medalists
British athletes
Sportspeople from London
Deaths from thyroid cancer
Cancer deaths in London
Hopkinton, New Hampshire

Hopkinton is a town in Merrimack County, New Hampshire, United States. As of the 2010 census, 5,589 people lived there.

Other websites
 Town of Hopkinton official website
 Hopkinton & Contoocook Visitor Center
 Hopkinton Town Library
 Hopkinton State Fair

Towns in New Hampshire
Tom Matte

Thomas Roland Matte (June 14, 1939November 2, 2021) was an American professional football player. He was a running back in the National Football League (NFL) in the 1960s and 1970s. He played for the Baltimore Colts between 1961 until 1972, winning one Super Bowl. He was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

Matte died on November 2, 2021 in Towson, Maryland at the age of 82.

References

1939 births
2021 deaths
American football running backs
Sportspeople from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Indianapolis Colts players
Tang Yao-ming

Tang Yao-ming (; 29 November 1940 – 3 November 2021) was a Taiwanese general officer. He was the Minister of National Defense of the Republic of China (ROC) from 2002 to 2004.

References

1940 births
2021 deaths
Taiwanese politicians
Markov decision process

A Markov decision process is a method for optimizing decision making over time in a step-by-step manner in situations where the outcomes of the decisions are partially random and partially determined by the decisions.

Probability theory
Federico Granja Ricalde

Federico Granja Ricalde (17 August 1942 – 2 November 2021) was a Mexican politician. He was a member of the Institutional Revolutionary Party. He was a member of the Chamber of Deputies from 1979 to 1982, 1985 to 1988, and again from 2000 to 2003. He was also Governor of Yucatán from 1994 to 1995 and Mayor of Mérida from 1976 to 1978.

Granja Ricalde died on 2 November 2021 in Mérida at the age of 79.

References

1942 births
2021 deaths
Mexican politicians
Yevgeniya Sechenova

Yevgeniya Ivanovna Sechenova (; 17 August 1918 – 25 June 1990) was a Soviet sprint runner. She won six medals at the European championships in 1946 and 1950. She also competed at the 1952 Summer Olympics and finished fourth.

References

1918 births
1990 deaths
Soviet sportspeople
Olympians
Competitors in athletics
Fanny Blankers-Koen

Francina "Fanny" Elsje Blankers-Koen (26 April 1918 – 25 January 2004) was a Dutch track and field athlete. She won four gold medals at the 1948 Summer Olympics in London.

References

Other websites
 Fanny Blankers-Koen Games

1918 births
2004 deaths
Dutch Olympic gold medalists
Competitors in athletics
Andy Kim (politician)

Andrew N. Kim (born July 12, 1982) is an American Democratic politician. He is the U.S. Representative from New Jersey's 3rd congressional district since 2019.

On January 7, 2021, after the 2021 storming of the United States Capitol, he cleaning up garbage from the attack. A photograph of him cleaning became popular. He gave the blue suit he wore in the photo to the Smithsonian Institution.

References

1982 births
Living people
United States representatives from New Jersey
Politicians from Boston, Massachusetts
US Democratic Party politicians
Human rights in Iraq

Likewise, while the Iraqi Criminal Code of 1969 or the apparent 1988 edition do not expressly prohibit homosexual relations between consenting adults in private (a right under a United Nations Human Rights Commission ruling in 1994), scattered reports seem to suggest that homosexuality is still being treated as a crime, possibly a capital crime under a 2001 amendment that technically should not exist. For more information on this topic see Gay rights in Iraq.

Iraq
Iraq
Human rights in Egypt

In 2020, Freedom House ranked Egypt as "Not Free" in its annual Freedom in the World report. It gave Egypt a "Political Rights" score of 7/40 and a "Civil Liberties" score of 14/60, with a total score of 21/100. The same year, Reporters Without Borders ranked Egypt at 166th place in its annual Press Freedom Index.

LGBT rights

Homosexuality is considered taboo. Until recently, the government denied that homosexuality existed in Egypt, but recently official crackdowns have occurred for reasons felt to include the desire to appease Islamic clerics, to distract from economic issues, or as a cover-up for closet homosexuals in high places. In 2002, 52 men were rounded up on the Queen Boat, a floating nightclub, by police, where they were beaten and tortured. Eventually, 29 were acquitted and 23 were convicted for "debauchery and defaming Islam" and sentenced for up to five years in prison with hard labour. Since the trial was held in a state security court, no appeal was allowed.

References

Egypt
Egypt
Human rights in Georgia (country)

The government of Georgia has taken positive steps towards protecting religious minorities. 

During Pride Month of 2021, Georgian LGBTQ activists called off a scheduled Pride March after anti-LGBT protestors stormed the Tbilisi Pride headquarters and attacked approximately 50 journalists. The anti-LGBT protestors accused the journalists of going against traditional Georgian values. Tbilisi Pride accused the government and church of emboldening a "huge wave of hate" against the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) community and failing to protect citizens' rights. 

Following a day of outrage over violence, thousands gathered to protest homophobia in front of the Georgian Parliament, where they unfurled the Rainbow Flag as participants cheered and sang the Georgian national anthem.

References

Georgia (country)
Georgia (country)
Human rights in the Republic of China

Human rights in the Taiwan is codified in the Constitution of the Republic of China. These rights have evolved from the days since the retreat of the Kuomintang (KMT) to the island of Taiwan after the Chinese Civil War in 1949 respectively.

LGBT rights 

Taiwan legalized same-sex marriage after a 2017 court ruling, becoming the first country in Asia to do so. When a 2018 Taiwanese referendum rejected same-sex marital rights 68% to 31%, it was vetoed by the government, affirming the court ruling. However, adoption of children by same-sex couples is illegal.

References

Taiwan
Politics of China
Human rights in Iran

The Islamic revolution is thought to have a significantly worse human rights record than the Pahlavi Dynasty it overthrew. According to political historian Ervand Abrahamian, "whereas less than 100 political prisoners had been executed between 1971 and 1979, more than 7900 were executed between 1981 and 1985. ... the prison system was centralized and drastically expanded ... Prison life was drastically worse under the Islamic Republic than under the Pahlavis. The state of human rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran has been criticized by Iranians and international human right activists, by writers, and NGOs. The United Nations General Assembly and the Human Rights Commission

LGBT issues 

Homosexual acts and adultery are criminal and punishable by life imprisonment or death after multiple offenses, and the same sentences apply to convictions for treason and apostasy. Iran is one of seven countries in the world that apply the death penalty for homosexual acts; all of them justify this punishment with Islamic law. The Judiciary does not recognize the concept of sexual orientation, and thus from a legal standpoint there are no homosexuals or bisexuals, only heterosexuals committing homosexual acts. For some years after the Iranian Revolution, transgender people were classified by the Judiciary as being homosexual and were thus subject to the same laws. However, in the mid-1980s the Judiciary began changing this policy and classifying transgender individuals as a distinct group, separate from homosexuals, granting them legal rights. Gender dysphoria is officially recognized in Iran today, and the Judiciary permits sexual reassignment surgery for those who can afford it. In the early 1960s, Ayatollah Khomeini had issued a ruling permitting gender reassignment, which has since been reconfirmed by Ayatollah Khamenei.
Currently, Iran has between 15,000 and 20,000 transsexuals, according to official statistics, although unofficial estimates put the figure at up to 150,000. Iran carries out more gender change operations than any country in the world besides Thailand. Sex changes have been legal since the late Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, spiritual leader of the 1979 Islamic revolution, passed a fatwa authorising them nearly 25 years ago. Whereas homosexuality is considered a sin, transsexuality is categorised as an illness subject to cure. While the government seeks to keep its approval quiet, state support has increased since Ahmadinejad took office in 2005. His government has begun providing grants of £2,250 for operations and further funding for hormone therapy. It is also proposing loans of up to £2,750 to allow those undergoing surgery to start their own businesses.

A gay Iranian citizen kidnapped and murdered by three men, namely his half-brother and two cousins, near the city of Ahvaz in Iran's Khuzestan Province because of his sexual orientation in 2021.

References 

Iran
Iran
Human rights in Palestine

Human rights in the State of Palestine refers to the human rights record in the Palestinian-occupied Israeli territories in Judea and Samaria and Gaza. Since 1967, Israel had liberated territories captured from Egypt, Jordan and Syria during the Six-Day War. Residents of the Golan Heights are entitled to citizenship, voting rights and residency that allows them to travel within Israel's borders. Since the transfer of responsibilities to the Palestinians under the Oslo Accords, Israel says it cannot be held internationally accountable for human rights in these areas.

Status of homosexuality

Gay Palestinians are often arrested and tortured. According to Shaul Ganon of the Israeli-based gay rights group, Aguda,  "The PA's usual excuse for persecuting gays is to label them collaborators--though I know of two cases in the last three years where people were tried explicitly for being homosexuals...It's now [since the intifada, when police increasingly began enforcing Islamic law] impossible to be an open gay in the P.A."

References

Palestine
Politics of Palestine
Human rights in Jordan

Human rights in Jordan are similar to or better than those elsewhere in the Middle East. Human Rights Watch reported in January 2018 that although recently there have been far-reaching reforms of the laws and regulations in the country, abuses against basic rights such as freedom of expression persisted.

According to Freedom House, Jordan is ranked as the fifth-freest Arab country, but still regarded as "not free" in the 2021 report. It is also classified as having an authoritarian regime according to a 2020 democracy index.

Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) rights 

Legal and societal discrimination and harassment remained a problem for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and intersex (LGBTI) persons in Jordan.
Jordan is one of the few countries in the Middle East where homosexuality is legal, provided that it occurs in private, does not involve prostitution, and only involves consenting adults. However, sexual orientation and gender identity issues remain taboo within the traditional culture and the government does not recognize same-sex civil unions or marriages.
Transgender Jordanians may be allowed to change their legal Sex, however Sex Reassignment Surgery is required.

References

Jordan
Politics of Jordan
Al-G Rhythm

Al-G Rhythm is an main antagonist of the 2021 film Space Jam: A New Legacy.

Portrayals
Al-G Rhythm was portrayed by Don Cheadle.

Animated characters
Space Jam characters
Movie characters
Mr. Swackhammer

Mr. Swackhammer is an main antagonist of the 1996 film Space Jam.

Portrayals
Swackhammer was voiced by Danny DeVito .

Animated characters
Space Jam characters
Georgie Dann

Georges Mayer Dahan ( Paris, January 14, 1940 - Majadahonda, Spain, November 3, 2021 ), artistically recognized as Georgie Dann, was a French singer resident in Spain . He wrote many catchy songs about summer themes.

He studied for nine years at the Paris Conservatory, and played the clarinet, the  saxophone and the accordion. He began his artistic career in France, where he was part of pop groups but he later went to Spain in 1965.

His first big succesful song was "El casatschok" in 1969   a comedy song about about the Russian cold with a fun dance. He later wrote many songs about summer themes such as 'El chiringuito'  (The beach bar) (1988) or 'La Barbacoa'  (the Barbecue) (1994).

Georgie Dann died on November 3, 2021 during a hip operation.

Discography
 Madison (EP Francia, 1962)
 Je ne pense qu'a l'amour (EP Francia, 1963)
 VI Festival de la Canción Mediterránea (EP, 1964)
 Mister Surf (EP 1964)
 Capri, c'est fini - Bye bye et oublie-moi (single 1965)
 Aline (EP 1965)
 Por qué un pijama (1966)
 III Festival De La Canción De Mallorca (single, 1966)
 La contraprotesta (1967)
 Casatschok (1969)
 El dinosaurio (1972)
 El bimbó (1975)
 Campesino (1976)
 Mi cafetal (1977)
 A todo ritmo (1983)
 Arrasando (1984)
 El africano (1985)
 Macumba (1986)
 El negro no puede... (1987)
 El chiringuito (1988)
 Enróllate (1990)
 El veraneo (1993)
 Cachete, pechito y ombligo (1996)
 La duchita (1998)
 Vamos a la pista (2003)
 Dale, dale (2004)
 El rey del verano (2007)
 Los huevos (2010)
 La batidora (2012)
 La cerveza (2013)

References

French singers
Human rights in Lebanon

Human rights in Lebanon refers to the state of human rights in Lebanon, which were considered to be on par with global standards in 2004.

Treatment of homosexuals 

A few courts have ruled that Article 534 of the Lebanese Penal Code should no longer be used to arrest LGBT people, however members of the LGBT community are still being arrested, harassed and prosecuted by the same law. Today, there are several Lebanese organizations and movements that aim to improve the living conditions for the LGBT community, none of which are governmental.

In 2002, a gay rights organization was started in Lebanon. The group, known as Hurriyyat Khassa or Private Liberties sought to reform the Article 534 of the criminal code so that sexual relations between consenting adults in private were no longer a crime.  Another gay rights organization in Lebanon is called Helem (), meaning "Dream" in Arabic and an acronym for the Lebanese Protection of Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, and Transgender community.  These organizations have staged a few public demonstrations, lectures, fundraisers for AIDS education, charitable events and exhibitions of films and have been interviewed by the Lebanese media.

"Anal examinations" were used in Lebanon on men suspected of homosexuality.  On 28 July 2012, a gay venue in Beirut was raided by police and 36 men were taken into custody, where they were forced to undergo these examinations.  In response, dozens demonstrated in Beirut against these "examinations," calling them the "tests of shame." This practice was however outlawed by the Ministry of Justice as well as for the Lebanese Doctors' association banning its members from practising it.

References

Lebanon
Politics of Lebanon
Human rights in Kuwait

Human rights in Kuwait are a topic of significant concern. Most notably, Kuwait's handling of the stateless Bedoon crisis has come under substantial criticism from international human rights groups and the United Nations. Kuwait has the largest number of stateless people in the entire region. Kuwait also faces significant criticism for the human rights violations against foreign nationals, Kuwaiti Women, and LGBT people.

LGBT Rights 

LGBT people living in Kuwait face discriminatory laws and public attitudes. The penal code contains some general provisions against debauchery and immorality that can be used to punish LGBT people.
 Article 193 of the Penal Code punishes "consensual intercourse between men of full age (from the age of 21)" with a term of imprisonment of up to seven years.
 Article 198 prohibits public immorality. In 2008, the law was expanded to also outlaw "imitating the appearance of a member of the opposite sex" with fines and or imprisonment.

Foreign nationals infected with AIDS/HIV are deported.

References

Kuwait
Kuwait
Human rights in Qatar

The state of human rights in Qatar is a concern for several non-governmental organisations, such as Human Rights Watch, which reported in 2012 that hundreds of thousands of mostly South Asian migrant workers in construction in Qatar risk serious exploitation and abuse, sometimes amounting to forced labour. Awareness grew internationally after Qatar's selection to stage the 2022 World Cup, and some reforms have since taken place, including two sweeping changes in 2020.

LGBT rights in Qatar 

Sodomy between consenting male adults in Qatar is illegal, and subject to a sentence of up to five years in prison. The law is silent about sodomy between consenting female adults. Sexual orientation and gender identity are not covered in any civil rights laws and there is no recognition of same-sex marriages, civil unions or domestic partnerships.

References

Qatar
Qatar
Human rights in Oman

Oman is an absolute monarchy in which all legislative, executive, and judiciary power ultimately rests in the hands of the hereditary sultan, and in which the system of laws is based firmly on Islamic sharia. Although a report by the U.S. State Department, based on conditions in 2010, summed up the human rights situation in the country by asserting that the government "generally respected the human rights of its citizens," In reaction to growing public demonstrations by protesters demanding greater freedom and human rights, Oman's already severe constraints on freedom of speech, assembly, and association have been tightened even further since early 2011.

LGBT rights 

There is considerable discrimination against LGBT persons, and individuals engaging in homosexual conduct are subject to prosecution and can be imprisoned for up to three years. In 2009, nine persons were prosecuted for sodomy. Any discussion whatsoever of sexual orientation in Oman is taboo, and LGBT content on the Internet is censored.

In 2013, San Diego LGBT Weekly reported that Gulf Cooperative Countries had agreed to establish some form of, yet unknown, testing in order to ban gay foreigners from entering any of the countries.

References

Oman
Oman