cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington

Field Marshal Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, KG, GCB, GCH, PC, FRS (1 May 1769–14 September 1852) was a soldier and statesman. He was one of the leading military and political figures of 19th-century Britain. His defeat of Napoleon at the Battle of Waterloo in 1815 put him in the top rank of Britain's military heroes. In 2002 he was number 15 in the BBC's poll of the 100 Greatest Britons.

Wellesley was born in Dublin into a wealthy Anglo-Irish aristocratic protestant family. Starting as an ensign in the British Army, he served well in British India and in the Napoleonic Wars, mostly in the Peninsular War, where he reached the rank of Field Marshal. He became a Duke when Napoleon was exiled to Elba.  

Wellington is often compared to the 1st Duke of Marlborough. They had many things in common, including being in politics after a highly successful military career.  

Wellington was twice Tory Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. He was one of the leading figures in the House of Lords until his retirement in 1846. He remained Commander-in-Chief of the British Army until his death.

Titles 
 The Honourable Arthur Wesley (birth–7 March 1787)
 Ensign The Hon. Arthur Wesley (7 March 1787–25 December 1787)
 Lieutenant The Hon. Arthur Wesley (25 December 1787–30 June 1791)
 Captain The Hon. Arthur Wesley (30 June 1791–30 April 1793)
 Major The Hon. Arthur Wesley (30 April 1793–30 September 1793)
 Lieutenant-Colonel The Hon. Arthur Wesley (30 September 1793–3 May 1796)
 Colonel The Hon. Arthur Wesley (3 May 1796–19 May 1798)
 Colonel The Hon. Arthur Wellesley (19 May 1798–29 April 1802)
 Major-General The Hon. Arthur Wellesley (29 April 1802–1 September 1804)
 Major-General The Hon. Sir Arthur Wellesley, KB (1 September 1804–8 April 1807)
 Major-General The Right Honourable Sir Arthur Wellesley, KB (8 April 1807–25 April 1808)
 Lieutenant-General The Rt Hon. Sir Arthur Wellesley, KB (25 April 1808–4 September 1809)
 Lieutenant-General The Rt Hon. The Viscount Wellington, KB, PC (4 September 1809–May 1811)
 General The Rt Hon. The Viscount Wellington, KB, PC (May 1811–28 February 1812)
 General The Rt Hon. The Earl of Wellington, KB, PC (28 February 1812–3 October 1812)
 General The Most Honourable The Marquess of Wellington, KB, PC (3 October 1812–4 March 1813)
 General The Most Hon. The Marquess of Wellington, KG, KB, PC (4 March 1813–21 June 1813)
 Field Marshal The Most Hon. The Marquess of Wellington, KG, KB, PC (21 June 1813–11 May 1814)
 Field Marshal His Grace The Duke of Wellington, KG, KB, PC (11 May 1814–2 January 1815)
 Field Marshal His Grace The Duke of Wellington, KG, GCB, PC (2 January 1815–14 September 1852)

1769 births
1852 deaths
British military people
United Kingdom Barons
United Kingdom Viscounts
United Kingdom Earls
United Kingdom Marquesses
United Kingdom Dukes
Knights of the Garter
Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath
Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom
Fellows of the Royal Society
Knights of the Bath
People from Dublin
Members of the House of Lords
Charles Grey, 2nd Earl Grey

Charles Grey, 2nd Earl Grey, KG, PC (13 March 1764 – 17 July 1845) was a British Whig statesman and Prime Minister. Earl Grey tea, a type of tea with a bergamot orange flavour is named after him. He was the son of Major General Charles Grey, 1st Earl Grey.

Titles 
 Charles Grey (1764 - 1806)
 Viscount Howick (1806 - 1807)
 2nd Earl Grey (1807 - 1845)

References 

1764 births
1845 deaths
United Kingdom Earls
People from Northumberland
John Russell, 1st Earl Russell

John Russell, 1st Earl Russell, KG, GCMG, PC (18 August 1792 – 28 May 1878) was an English Whig and Liberal politician. He served twice as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom in the mid-19th century.

Biography 
Russell was known as "Lord John Russell", which is called a courtesy title. As the third son of the then Duke of Bedford, he was entitled to use one of the family's lower titles. Before becoming Prime Minister, he served in other important posts, such as Home Secretary, Colonial Secretary and Foreign Secretary.

1792 births
1878 deaths
United Kingdom Earls
Politicians from London
Henry Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston

Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston, KG, GCB, PC (20 October 1784 – 18 October 1865) was a British statesman who served twice as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom in the mid-19th century. He began his parliamentary career as a Tory and ended it as a Liberal.

He is best remembered for his leading of British foreign policy in a period of time when the United Kingdom was at its strongest. He served as both Foreign Secretary and Prime Minister. Some of his actions, now sometimes called 'liberal interventionist', were disliked by the Queen and by many of his fellow politicians.

1784 births
1865 deaths

People buried in Westminster Abbey
Irish Viscounts
George Hamilton-Gordon, 4th Earl of Aberdeen

George Hamilton-Gordon, 4th Earl of Aberdeen, KG, KT, PC (28 January 1784–14 December 1860) was a Scottish Tory/Peelite politician. He served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1852 until 1855.

1784 births
1860 deaths
Members of the House of Lords
Politicians from Edinburgh
Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom
Aberdeen, George Hamilton-Gordon, 4th Earl of
Secretaries of State of the United Kingdom
United Kingdom Viscounts
Edward Smith-Stanley, 14th Earl of Derby

Edward George Geoffrey Smith-Stanley, 14th Earl of Derby, KG, PC (29 March 1799–23 October 1869) was an English statesman. He served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom three times. To date, Derby was the longest serving leader of the Conservative Party. Derby is one of only four British Prime Ministers to have been in office three or more times.  However each time he was only in office for less than two years. Derby was Prime Minister for a total of just over four years, less than many other Prime Ministers.

1799 births
1869 deaths
English Earls
Politicians from Lancashire
Henry Campbell-Bannerman

Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman GCB (7 September 1836 - 22 April 1908) was a Scottish- born British Liberal statesman. He served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 5 December 1905 until resigning because of bad health on 3 April 1908. 

Campbell-Bannerman was born in Glasgow, Scotland, in 1836 as Henry Campbell.  The surname Bannerman was added to his surname in 1871 as required by his uncle's will. It was a requirement of his inheritance of his uncle's Kent estate, Hunton Court.

Seriously ill by the time of his resignation as Prime Minister, he died just nineteen days later. He remains the most recent Prime Minister to die in 10 Downing Street.

1836 births
1908 deaths

Scottish politicians
Pitch

Pitch can mean:

 Pitch (music), a term in music
 Pitch (card game)
 Pitch (resin), a substance from plants or from petroleum
 Pitch (baseball), a throw of a baseball from the pitcher to the catcher
 A field of play, usually outdoors. A lawn.
 Association football pitch
 Cricket pitch
 Rugby pitch
 Sales pitch
 Pitch (movie)
United States Census Bureau

The United States Census Bureau (officially Bureau of the Census) is a part of the United States government that is responsible for the United States Census.
The Census Bureau is a part of the United States Department of Commerce.

Legal mandate

The Constitution of the United States says that the population must be counted at least once every ten years (through the U.S. Census). This is done to calculate how many Federal Representatives in Congress each state should have.  The Census Bureau is in charge of doing this. It collects statistics about the nation, its people, and its economy.  The Census Bureau's legal authority is listed in Title 13 of the United States Code. The first census bureau was in 1790.

Organizational structure

Since 1903, The Bureau of the Census has been the census-taking organization of the United States government. The Bureau is led by a Director, who is helped by a Deputy Director and associate directors.

The Census Bureau headquarters is located at 4600 Silver Hill Road, Suitland, Maryland.  There are regional offices in 12 cities: Boston, New York, Philadelphia, Detroit, Chicago, Kansas City, Seattle, Charlotte, Atlanta, Dallas, Denver, and Los Angeles.  More offices are set up and used when it comes time to do the census every 10 years.

Population estimates
The Census Bureau also use real-time extrapolation of information on population, birth, and death to give their estimates of the number of people in the United States and the world.

References
 The original version of this article was adapted from U.S. Census Bureau text.
What the U.S. Census Bureau does and how it does it are detailed in Title 13 of the United States Code.

Other websites 
 United States Census Bureau website
 U.S. and World Population Clocks - POPClocks
RSS Feed 

Census Bureau
Census Bureau
Signal processing

Signal processing is the analysis, interpretation and manipulation of signals.  Signals of interest include sound, images, biological signals such as ECG, radar signals, and many others.

Processing of such signals includes storage and reconstruction, separation of information from noise (e.g., aircraft identification by radar), compression (e.g., image compression), and feature extraction (e.g., converting text to speech).

Signal classification 

For analog signals, signal processing may involve the amplification and filtering of audio signals for audio equipment or the modulation and demodulation of signals for telecommunication. For digital signals, signal processing may involve the compression, error checking and error detection of digital signals.

 Analog signal processing—for signals that have not been digitized, as in classical radio, telephone, radar, and television systems
 Digital signal processing—for signals that have been digitized.  Processing is done by digital circuits such as ASICs, FPGAs, general-purpose microprocessors or computers, or specialized digital signal processor chips.
 Statistical signal processing—analyzing and extracting information from signals based on their statistical properties
 Audio signal processing—for electrical signals representing sound, such as music
 Speech signal processing—for processing and interpreting spoken words
 Image processing—in digital cameras, computers, and various imaging systems
 Video signal processing—for interpreting moving pictures
 Array processing—for processing signals from arrays of sensors

Method of Signal processing

Signal processing is the analysis, interpretation and manipulation of acquired signals.  Acquired signals must to be processed depending on the purpose of measurement, a method of measurement, and a property of acquired signals.

When signals are processed, statistics is used because it's essential to know a distribution of data and represent data by numerical formulas. In other words, to study signal processing, it's demanded to study statistics (like the theory of error, the arithmetical mean, probability, a stochastic variable, accuracy, and detailed drawing, etc.).

In most cases, signals are regular, as it is acquired from electric instruments like telemeter, or communications equipment, etc. But there are also many accidentally occurred irregular signals which make it difficult to find formulas that fit exactly. Here, the irregular means it's hard to predict the result which is not yet occurred. When irregular signals are acquired, photon is necessary, so it is measured, and calculated.

Related pages
 Signal (electrical engineering)

Communication
Henri Troyat

Henri Troyat, born Levon Aslan Torossian or Lev Aslanovich Tarasov, (November 1, 1911 – March 2, 2007) was a French author, biographer, historian and novelist. Originally, his family was from Armenia.

He was born in Moscow. His family fled Russia, because they feared the coming revolution. After a long exile, the family  settled in Paris in 1920, where young Troyat was schooled and later earned a law degree.

He won his first literary award at the age of 24, "le prix du Roman populaire". At the age of 27 he was awarded the prestigious Prix Goncourt.

He  published more than 100 books, novels and biographies, among them those of Anton Chekhov, Catherine the Great, Rasputin, Ivan the Terrible and Leo Tolstoy. He was at his death the dean of the Académie française.

His best-known work is La neige en deuil, which was adapted as an English-language movie in 1956 under the title The Mountain.

References

French writers
Biographers
1911 births
2007 deaths
Members of the Académie française
Rondônia

Rondônia is a state in Brazil. It is in the northwest of the country. To the west is the state of Acre. To the north is the state of Amazonas. In the east is Mato Grosso. In the south is Bolivia.  Its capital is Porto Velho. The state was named after Candido Rondon.

Other cities include:
 Ji-Paraná
 Ariquemes
 Vilhena
 Cacoal

Geography 
The state is covered mostly by jungle of the Amazon Rainforest. About three-fifths of the state has had the jungle removed since the 1970s. Most of the people living in the state now live in urban areas. It is a big exporter of wood. The state also makes both coffee and cocoa. The breeding of cattle is also important here.

Flag 
The flag was made by Silvio Carvalho Feitosa. It was made the flag of the state on December 22, 1981. The flag uses the same colors of the flag of Brazil. The big star in the middle of the flag is a symbol for the new state. The star is shown rising into the blue sky that is stretching over Brazil (the yellow and green areas in the lower half of the flag).

Tribes 
The Akuntsu tribe is one of the tribes of Rondônia. They are one of the indigenous peoples of Brazil. They were first contacted in only 1995. At that time, there were only seven people in the tribe. As of 2006, there were six people. They live in the Igarape Omere region to the southwest of Rondônia. The tribe consists of chief Kunibu Baba (male, age: ~ 70), Pupak (male, age: ~ 40), Ururu (female, age:~80) and three women with ages from 23-35. The seventh member of the tribe died in 1995. The only child born after that died in 2000 in a storm. With his death the only hope of the tribe not becoming extinct lessened.

Notes

Other websites 
 Rondonia Web

 
States of Brazil
Singular

In linguistics, noun phrases have grammatical number. Singular is one kind of grammatical number. A singular noun phrase usually refers to something that you would count as one only (e.g., one time, a glass, the sun, my mother, Jennifer). Noun phrases that cannot be counted are also singular in English (e.g., water, the meat, some space, etc.). In contrast, plural noun phrases are counted as more or less than one (e.g., no bananas, 0.5 liters, 1.2 grams, two times, three fish, 20 mothers).

Grammar
Nervous system

The nervous system is a body system which sends signals around the body. It lets animals respond to what is around them. The central nervous system is the brain, the spinal cord, and nerves. It is present in almost all animals. It is there to process the input from the senses, and to coordinate movement. 

The nervous system is made up of neurons. Other cells, such as glial cells keep the neurons safe and healthy.

The structure of the system includes the brain and spinal cord, which together are called the central nervous system.  The brain has billions of nerve cells to help think, walk, and breathe. The nervous system can react in 1/100 of a second to a stimulus, like a pain signal.

The system of nerves in your body that sends messages for controlling movement and feeling between the brain and the other parts of the body anatomy of nervous systems can be sub-divided as follows:

Central nervous system
Brain
Spinal cord
Peripheral nervous system
Autonomic nervous system
Sympathetic nervous system
Parasympathetic nervous system
Somatic nervous system

References
Conjunctivitis

Conjunctivitis (also known as pinkeye) is a medical condition when the Conjunctiva (a transparent membrane that lines the outer eye, and inner part of the eyelid) becomes inflamed. The cause of conjunctivitis can be either bacterial or viral infection.

Other websites 

 Mayo Clinic - Pink-eye
 All About Vision
 Kid's Health
 MedicineNet
 WebMD
 Learning the Herbs  - Natural treatment for pink-eye

Infectious diseases
Cerulean

Cerulean is a range of colours from teal-blue, sky-blue, bright blue, or azure to deep cyan. The word cerulean comes from the Latin word caeruleum, which means "sky" or "heavens". This was in turn from Latin caeruleus deep blue: resembling the blue of the sky.

In classical times, this term was used to describe blue pigments, particularly mixtures of copper and cobaltous oxides, called genuine cerulean. These early attempts to create sky blue colours were often less than satisfactory due to greenish hues and lack of permanence. When the artificial pigment cerulean blue was invented people started using this instead.

The first recorded use of cerulean as a color name in English was in 1590.

Meaning of cerulean

 Cerulean represents the "sky" or "heavens", or sometimes the ocean. 

 The United States Navy Blue Angels aerobatics team wears uniforms that are a bright rich tone of cerulean.

Tones of cerulean color comparison chart

Related pages
 List of colors

References
John Barrowman

John Barrowman MBE (born 11 March 1967) is a Scottish-American actor. He was born in Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom but moved to Joliet, Illinois in the United States when he was 8 years old and grew up there. He is citizen of both the United Kingdom and the United States because of this. Barrowman was a contestant on the first series of Dancing on Ice in 2006.

Acting and presenting
Barrowman is most known for playing the character Captain Jack Harkness in the television series Doctor Who and Torchwood. He is also a famous musical actor and singer. He has appeared in many musicals, as well as television shows about musicals. He also has been a presenter for series such as Live & Kicking and, the Hollow Earth trilogy. He is currently staring in CW's Arrow as Malcolm Merlyn.

Personal life
Barrowman is openly gay. He has been in a relationship with Scott Gill since 1993. They have been civil partners since 2006. They married in 2013.

References

Actors from Glasgow
Actors from Illinois
American movie actors
American stage actors
American television actors
American television presenters
British television personalities
Dancing on Ice participants
Gay men
LGBT actors
LGBT broadcasters
LGBT people from Illinois
LGBT singers
Musicians from Glasgow
People from Joliet, Illinois
Scottish LGBT people
Scottish movie actors
Scottish singers
Scottish stage actors
Scottish television actors
Scottish television presenters
Singers from Illinois
Television personalities from Glasgow
Television personalities from Illinois
1967 births
Living people
Swamp

A swamp is a type of wetland ecosystem. Swamps are forested, low, spongy land generally saturated with water and covered with trees and aquatic plants. Big parts of swamps are often flooded with water. Swamps are nesting and breeding grounds for birds and other animals.

The water of a swamp may be fresh water, brackish water, or seawater. Freshwater swamps form along large rivers or lakes. Saltwater swamps are found along tropical and subtropical coastlines.  

About 6 percent of Earth's surface is covered by swamps. Swamps are also filters for groundwater, and protect against flooding. Swamps are one of the key wetland areas which are protected by the international agency Ramsar.

Some well-known swamps are: 
 The Pantanal is the world's biggest wetland. It covers an area of 140,000 square kilometers, bigger than the area covered by the country Greece. The Panatal is in South America. It is shared by Brazil, Bolivia and Paraguay.
 The Everglades
 The Okefenokee
 The Sundarbans

Peat accumulates in these swamps. Some of the world's largest swamps are found along major rivers such as the Amazon, the Mississippi, and the Congo.

References
Diego Rivera

Diego Rivera (December 8, 1886 – November 24, 1957) was a famous Mexican painter and muralist. He was born in Guanajuato City, Guanajuato.

Rivera is famous for his 1933 mural, "Man at the Crossroads," for the lobby of the RCA Building at Rockefeller Center. Before he finished the mural, people saw that there was an image of Vladimir Lenin and other communist images in it. Rivera was fired because of this and the mural was destroyed.

Rivera's wife, Frida Kahlo, was also a famous Mexican painter. He died in Mexico City of congestive heart failure at the age of 70.

Related pages
 List of Mexican painters

1886 births
1957 deaths
Deaths from congestive heart failure
Mexican painters
Mural artists
David Alfaro Siqueiros

David Alfaro Siqueiros (December 29, 1896 in Camargo, Chihuahua, Mexico – January 6, 1974 in Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico) was a famous painter and muralist.

Other websites 
Short biography and some of his artwork
David Alfaro Siqueiros Online - more information and art galleries

1896 births
1974 deaths
Mexican painters
Avenged Sevenfold

Avenged Sevenfold (or A7X) is an American hard rock band. The band started in Huntington Beach, California in 1999. The band is sometimes called "A7X", which is a title started by the band's guitarist, Zacky Vengeance.

Avenged Sevenfold's first few albums were metalcore, before the band became more hard rock/heavy metal. In December 2009, the band's drummer, The Rev, died from a drug overdose. He was 28 years old.

Band members
Brooks Wackerman (Drums)
M.Shadows (Vocals)
Zacky Vengeance (Guitar)
Synyster Gates (Guitar)
Johnny Christ (Bass)

Former members
The Rev (shortened from The Reverend Tholomew Plague) (died 2009)

Mike Portnoy (Spring 2010- December 2010) 
Arin Ilejay – drums (2011–2015)
Justin Sane – bass guitar (2000–2001)
Dameon Ash – bass guitar (2001–2002)
Matt Wendt – bass guitar (1999–2000)

Discography 
 Warmness on the Soul, 2001 
 Sounding the Seventh Trumpet, 2001
 Waking the Fallen, 2003
 City of Evil, 2005
 Avenged Sevenfold, 2007
 Diamonds in the Rough
 Nightmare, 2010
 Hail to the King, 2013
 The Stage'', 2016

References

1999 establishments in California
1990s American music groups
2000s American music groups
2010s American music groups
American heavy metal bands
American rock bands
Metalcore bands
Musical groups established in 1999
Musical groups from Huntington Beach, California
Hull

A hull can be:
Husk or hull, the outer covering of a fruit or vegetable
Hull (watercraft), the body or frame of a ship
The main body of an armored tank
in economics, the Hull-White model of interest rates

In mathematics:
 the affine hull in affine geometry
 the convex hull in geometry
 Carathéodory's theorem for convex hulls
 the holomorphically convex hull in complex analysis
 the injective hull of a module
 the Skolem hull of mathematical logic

Other places:
 Kingston upon Hull (Usually abbreviated to Hull), a city in England named after the River Hull.
 Hull, a former city in Québec, Canada (now part of the city of Gatineau)
Orona, an island in Kiribati was formerly called Hull Island.
Hull, Tuscaloosa County, Alabama, USA
Hull, Walker County, Alabama, USA
Hull, Florida, USA
Hull, Georgia, USA
Hull, Illinois, USA
Hull, Iowa, USA
Hull, Massachusetts, USA
Hull, Minnesota, USA
Hull, North Dakota, USA
Hull, Ohio, USA
Hull, Texas, USA
Hull, West Virginia, USA
Hull, Marathon County, Wisconsin, USA
Hull, Portage County, Wisconsin, USA

There are several people named Hull:
 Hull, Blair, an American businessman and politician, 
 Hull, Bobby, a former Canadian ice hockey player
 Hull, Brett, a former Canadian ice hockey player, and son of Bobby Hull
 Hull, Cordell, United States Secretary of State from 1933-1944 under Franklin Delano Roosevelt, and the recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1945
 Hull, Isaac, Early United States Naval officer, Captain of the USS Constitution during the battle with HMS Guerriere
 Hull, John, a Professor of Derivatives and Risk Management at the University of Toronto
 Hull, Merlin, Congressman
 Hull, William, an American general during the American Revolutionary War and War of 1812.

There is also:

 Hull House, Settlement house in Chicago, Illinois
 River Hull, for which Kingston upon Hull is named
 Hull City A.F.C., an English football (soccer) team
 Hull RLFC, rugby league club formed in 1865, based in the West of the City
 Hull Kingston Rovers, rugby league club formed in 1882, based in the East of the City
 The University of Hull, a university in England
 USS Hull, any of four U.S. Navy ships
River Hull

The River Hull is a river in Yorkshire in the north of England.

It has its source in the Yorkshire Wolds. It joins the River Humber estuary in the centre of Kingston upon Hull.

The river separates the industrial area of the city, and several opening bridges have been constructed. These continue to cause traffic delays during high tides, though river traffic is not so heavy any more in recent years.

Bridges 
These are the bridges in the Hull area:-
 Footbridge to The Deep
 Myton Bridge on Garrison Road A1033
 Drypool Bridge
 North Bridge
 Scott Street Bridge (permanently raised)
 Sculcoates Bridge (its not called Chapman Street Bridge)
 Wilmington Bridge (former railway, now footpath and cycles). Built by the North Eastern Railway in 1907.
 Hull Bridge (railway). Built by the Hull and Barnsley Railway in 1885, still used by freight trains.
 Stoneferry Bridges
 Sutton Road Bridge
 Ennerdale Link Road. The most recent bridge, replacing a failed flooded tunnel.

Other websites 

 Driffield canal history 
 Tour of the River Hull by boat
 Google Maps Satellite View

Rivers of England
Buoyancy

In physics, buoyancy () is a force on an object making that object rise or move upward. It comes from the Spanish word for "float", boyar. Buoyancy is made by the difference in pressure put on the object by the Fluid or air that the object is in.

The net upward buoyancy force is equal to the magnitude of the weight of fluid that is displaced by the body. This force enables the object to float or at least to seem lighter. Buoyancy is important for many vehicles such as boats, ships, balloons, and blimps.

Density
If the object has exactly the same density as the liquid, then its buoyancy is the same as its weight. It will not sink or float.

If the object has a higher average density than the liquid, then its buoyancy is less than its weight. It will sink. That is why pebbles do not float. 

If the object has a lower average density than the liquid, then its buoyancy is greater than its weight. That is why, although a ship may be made of steel which is more dense than water, it floats because it encloses a volume of air and the resulting shape has an average density less than that of the water.

Related pages 
 Submarine
 Thrust

Other websites  
Falling in Water (Animation 1)
Falling in Water (Animation 2)
Falling in Water 

Mechanics
Intercontinental ballistic missile

ICBM is an acronym. It stands for Intercontinental Ballistic Missile. It is a missile that can travel such distances so it can be used from one continent to another. The missile can then carry a bomb. This can be a conventional or nuclear warhead. Today, most of the time, it will be a nuclear warhead.It is a guided ballistic missile which follows a path and has a range of 5500 km.They are primarily designed for nuclear weapons delivery but can also carry chemical and biological weapons.

Military
Elevation

When talking about geography the elevation of a certain point is how high it is compared to some reference point. Very often, the reference point is mean sea level, the level of the ocean midway between high and low tide on an average day. Most land has a positive elevation, which means it is above sea level. A few desert places are below sea level, thus have negative elevation.

Sometimes elevation is measured against the center of the earth. The problem there is that the geoid, the shape of the earth, does not really look like a ball, it is slightly squashed (an oblate spheroid). This means, that while still at mean sea level (at the equator), some points are farther away from the center of the earth than others. That way the peak of Chimborazo, a volcano in Ecuador is farther away from the center of the earth than the peak of Mount Everest. Yet, Mount Everest is higher above sea level.

Related pages 
 Altitude

Geography
Bastila Shan

Bastila Shan is a character from the Star Wars universe.

Bastila Shan was born in the year 3,979 BBY. She is the daughter of Helena Shan and an unknown treasure hunter who joined the Jedi Order despite her protests. She became a valuable member to the Jedi Order despite her young age due to her mastery of Battle Meditation. During the Jedi Civil War, she was responsible for the capture of Darth Revan, with whom she fell in love. 

After the amnesic Darth Revan was given an entirely new identity, they worked together for a long time, searching for the Star Forge. 

After Revan learnt of his true identity she was captured and tortured by Darth Malak and turned to the dark side. During a confrontation, she tried to persuade the redeemed Revan to return to the dark side and reclaim his rightful place. After being rejected and forced to flee to the Star Forge, Bastila confronted Revan again and lost. She begged him to kill her, but he refused and used the power of their love to bring her back to the light and help the Republic in the Battle of Rakata Prime. 

She later married Revan and soon had a child called Vaner. When Revan left to stop a war he was sure was coming, she stayed behind to look after her child. She is also one of the surviving Jedi to survive the purge that followed it. She died of old age.

Star Wars characters
Darth Revan

Darth Revan is a fictional character from the Star Wars universe and Star Wars: Knights of the Old Republic.

Revan was a Jedi Knight and general who turned to the dark side in the Mandalorian Wars. After the death of Mandalore the Ultimate, Revan claimed the title of "Dark Lord of the Sith". He then founded a powerful new Sith Empire, and declared war on the Republic and the Jedi themselves. After defeating almost all of the Republic territories, Revan was captured by the Jedi due to the betrayal of his apprentice Darth Malak. He almost died (a small spark of the Force kept him alive) and was brought to the Council to have his mind replaced by a new identity that was loyal to the Republic. Even after discovering his former identity, he rejected the dark side. Revan ended the war he had begun by killing Malak. After the Jedi Civil War, Revan was given back his rank as Jedi Knight at age 26. 

He was the lover of Bastila Shan. A year later, all his memories returned. He later left to the Unknown Regions to face this new threat known as the "True Sith".

Star Wars characters
Video game characters
Kraft Foods

Kraft Foods () is a business that makes packaged food. They own Oscar Meyer and Nabisco.

Other websites 
 Kraft Corporate Website 	
 Kraft Foods Inc. Fact Sheet from Hoover's

1903 establishments in the United States
1900s establishments in Illinois
American food companies
Companies based in Illinois
Soft drink

Soft drinks (also known as pop, soda, tonic, soda pop, fizzy drinks, or minerals ) are "fizzy" drinks made from concentrates and sugar. When they are made, carbon dioxide gas is added which makes them "fizzy". This process is called carbonation. Some soft drinks have flavors. Some popular types of soda are Sprite, Mountain Dew, 7 Up, Pepsi, Dr Pepper and Coca-Cola. Most soft drinks are sweetened with sugar, that is what makes them so unhealthy.

References
Lexington, Kentucky

Lexington is the second largest city in Kentucky. In 2010, 295,803 people live there. It is called "the Horse Capital of the World".

History
Lexington was first named by a party of Virginians who camped here in June, 1775, after they heard the news about the Battle of Lexington, Massachusetts in April of that year starting the American Revolution against the British government. A fort was begun at the same spot in 1779, and by 1782 there was a town here known as Lexington, Virginia. This is because Kentucky was still part of Virginia then, and was not made into a state of its own until 1792.

References

 
County seats in Kentucky
1782 establishments in North America
1780s establishments in Virginia
Toby Keith

Toby Keith Covel (born July 8, 1961) is an American country music singer-songwriter, record producer and actor.

Albums
1993 - Toby Keith
1994 - Boomtown
1996 - Blue Moon1997 - Dream Walkin'1999 - How Do You Like Me Now?!2001 - Pull My Chain2002 - Unleashed2003 - Shock'n Y'all2005 - Honkytonk University2006 - White Trash with Money2007 - Big Dog Daddy2008 - That Don't Make Me a Bad Guy2009 - American Ride2010 - Bullets in the Gun2011 - Clancy's Tavern2012 - Hope on the Rocks2013 - Drinks After Work2015 - 35 MPH TownChristmas albums
 Christmas to Christmas (1995)
 A Classic Christmas'' (2007)

Related pages
List of country musicians from Oklahoma

Other websites
Toby Keith's official website

1961 births
Actors from Oklahoma
Country musicians from Oklahoma
American guitarists
American record producers
American singer-songwriters
Living people
Singers from Oklahoma
Redhead

Redhead is a person with red or reddish-tinted hair. Approximately 1 to 2% of the world's population has red hair.

In iceland people that have red hair are called Anton Einar or short name for it lúði

Red hair is made by genes. The gene for red hair is recessive, meaning to be weaker than other genes, like the brown hair gene, for example. Because of this, in order to have natural red hair a person needs to have red-haired ancestors present on both the maternal (mother's) and paternal (father's) side of the family.

Red hair is said to be most common close to the Northern European coasts and islands of the Atlantic Ocean, like British Isles, and in particular among Celtic people.

In Ireland, the percentage of population with red hair is very high relative to the rest of the world at around 10%, with 46% carrying the gene. Parts of the United Kingdom such as Scotland also have very high percentages with around 6%. There was a misconception that red hair occurrence in Scotland ran at around 13%, due to this figure appearing in reliable media sources, however this figure was only an estimate and has since been disproved by research. Dr. Jim Wilson of Britain's DNA has carried out the only large scale genetic study of Red Hair using a sample of over 2,343 people; and has found red hair occurrence of 6% in Scotland, this is concurrent with the largest ever study of hair colour in Scotland which analysed over half a million people and found red hair prevalence of 5.3%. A 1956 study of hair color among British army recruits also found high levels of red hair in Wales and the English Border counties.

Depite all this, the US has the largest number of redheads living there in the world (up to 18 million compared to 650,000 redheads living in Scotland).

In some countries, particularly the British Isles, despite the high proportion of redheads there, redheads are sometimes given rude names such as "carrot-top" and "ginga", and are in some cases heavily ridiculed (made fun of) by their peers. In some extreme cases, people have been harassed (others have behaved threateningly towards them) for having red hair.

References

Hair
John Inman

Frederick John Inman (28 June 1935 – 8 March 2007) was an English actor. He is best known for his role as Mr Humphries in the 1970s/early 1980s BBC comedy series, Are You Being Served?.

Other websites 

1935 births
2007 deaths
Actors from Lancashire
Deaths from hepatitis
English movie actors
English stage actors
English television actors
English LGBT people
Infectious disease deaths in England
LGBT actors
Edward Abbey

Edward Paul Abbey (January 29, 1927 – March 14, 1989) was an American nature writer. He is known for books including Desert Solitaire, Black Sun, The Journey Home, The Fool's Progress, and Hayduke Lives.

Early life and education 
He was born in the state of Pennsylvania in the United States in 1927. He grew up in Pennsylvania, in a small town in the mountains near the city of Pittsburgh. He later moved to the American Southwest and wrote several books. He spent most of his adult life in the states of New Mexico, Arizona, and Utah. Most of his books are about the Southwest.

During World War II, he was in high school. He took a trip hitchhiking to see the American West. During his trip through Arizona and New Mexico, he fell in love with the Southwest. He enlisted near the end of World War II and was stationed in Italy as a military policeman. When he came back to the United States, he moved to New Mexico and got a college degree. Then he started writing books.

Writing works 
Abbey's first book was titled Jonathan Troy. It did not sell well and Abbey did not like it very much, and it was taken out of print. His second book was The Brave Cowboy. This book sold better and made him known as a writer of western fiction. It was also made into a movie called Lonely are the Brave. Fire on the Mountain was his third book. The Brave Cowboy and Fire on the Mountain are about cowboys who loved the old American West and did not like it becoming modernized.

He moved to New Jersey for a short time but did not like it, and moved back to the Southwest. He took a job as a park ranger in Utah. He wrote about his job as a park ranger in his fourth book, Desert Solitaire. Desert Solitaire became a bestseller and made him a popular nature writer. He also took other jobs in the Southwest. He worked as a fire lookout at the Grand Canyon in Arizona, and as a park ranger in other National Parks.

After Desert Solitaire became a bestseller, he wrote several books of nature essays. Some of these include The Journey Home, Abbey's Road, Down the River, Beyond the Wall, and One Life At a Time, Please. He also kept writing novels. His next novel was Black Sun, which is about a fire lookout at the Grand Canyon falling in love but then seeing his girlfriend disappear. His next novel after that was The Monkey Wrench Gang. This was his most controversial novel because it was about four people using sabotage to stop development in the Southwest. He also wrote a science fiction novel called Good News.

His last two novels were The Fool's Progress and Hayduke Lives. The Fool's Progress is a long novel that is based on Edward Abbey's own life. Hayduke Lives is a sequel to The Monkey Wrench Gang.

Abbey died in 1989 and was buried in the desert in Arizona.

Other websites 

 Encyclopaedia Britannica, Edward Abbey
 Pennsylvania state historical marker for Abbey at Home

1927 births
1989 deaths
American military people
Writers from Pennsylvania
Green thinkers
American anarchists
American environmentalists
American novelists
American philosophers
American political writers
Yale University alumni
List of MPs elected in the 2005 United Kingdom general election

This is a list of Members of Parliament (MPs) elected to the House of Commons for the Fifty-Fourth Parliament of the United Kingdom at the 2005 general election, held on 5 May 2005. The list is arranged by constituency.

List of MPs elected in the general election
The following table is a list of MPs elected on 5 May, 2005, ordered by constituency. The previous MP and previous party column shows the MP and party holding the seat at dissolution on April 11, 2005.

Note that most Scottish constituency boundaries were considerably changed from the previous general election, due to a decrease in the number of Scottish seats from 72 to 59. In this case, the previous MPs cannot be shown, and the previous party column shows the notional winner of the new seat, based on analysis of the 2001 general election result.



M
United Kingdom-related lists
2005 in the United Kingdom
May 2005 events
Rio de Janeiro (state)

Rio de Janeiro is one of the 26 states of Brazil. Its capital is the city of Rio de Janeiro.

Rio de Janeiro is in the Southeast Region of Brazil. It shares borders with Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo and São Paulo as well as the Atlantic Ocean. Rio de Janeiro has an area of .

The state's largest cities are Rio de Janeiro, Nova Iguaçu, Niterói, Duque de Caxias, São Gonçalo, São João de Meriti, Campos dos Goytacazes, Petrópolis and Volta Redonda. Its main rivers are the Guandu River, the Piraí, the Paraíba do Sul, the Macaé and the Muriaé. Its climate is tropical.

Geography 
The state is made up of both mountains and plains. It is between the Mantiqueira Mountains and the Atlantic Ocean. The bays of Guanabara, Sepetiba, and Ilha Grande are on the coastline of Rio de Janeiro.

Rio de Janeiro is the smallest state in the Southeast Region and one of the smallest in Brazil. Its coastline is , the third longest coastline in the country.

Ethnic groups 
 White - 54.7% (Mostly Portuguese, Italian and German)
 Mixed Race - 33.5% (mainly Mulattos and also some Mestizos)
 Black - 10.6% (Mostly Bantu and Yoruba ancestry)
 Amerindian - 0.3%
 Asian - 0.2%
 Undescribed - 0.7%

References

Other websites 
 
 Official homepage  

 
States of Brazil
Bretons

The Bretons are a distinct ethnic group in the region of Brittany in France.  They trace much of their heritage to groups of ancient Britons who settled the area from south western Great Britain in the 4th–6th centuries. The region of Brittany is named after them and many speak Brezhoneg, a Brythonic language closely related to Cornish and a bit more distantly to Welsh. The Breton language as such is part of the Insular Celtic language group. In eastern Brittany, a regional langue d'oïl named Gallo developed; it shares certain points of vocabulary, idiom, and pronunciation with Breton.

Celtic peoples
West Midlands (region)

The West Midlands is an official Region of England, covering the western half of the Midlands.

Geography 

The official region contains the large conurbation that includes Birmingham and Wolverhampton and includes also the mainly rural shire counties of Herefordshire, Shropshire, Staffordshire, Warwickshire and Worcestershire.
(Unofficially the West Midlands region also spreads as far as Cheshire, Gloucestershire and Oxfordshire, but these are not part of the official region.) 

There is some confusion in the use of the term "West Midlands", as the name is also used for the much smaller West Midlands county, and is still used by various organisations within that area such as West Midlands Police and West Midlands Fire Service.

The highest point in the region is Black Mountain, at 703 metres.

Towns and cities 

Major towns and cities in the West Midlands region include:

 Birmingham, Bromsgrove, Burton upon Trent 
 Coventry
 Droitwich Spa, Dudley
 Evesham
 Hereford
 Kenilworth, Kidderminster
 Leamington Spa, Lichfield
 Newcastle-under-Lyme, Nuneaton
 Redditch, Rugby
 Shrewsbury, Stafford, Stoke-on-Trent, Stratford-upon-Avon, Solihull,Sutton Coldfield
 Tamworth, Telford
 Walsall, Warwick, West Bromwich, Wolverhampton, Worcester

Regional Assembly 

The official representative body of the region is the West Midlands Regional Assembly which has limited administrative functions such as regional planning and economic development. The assembly is not an elected body, but is made up of members appointed from local councils across the region, and members from regional interest groups such as business and environmental groups and trade unions.

Local government 

The official region consists of the following subdivisions:

Key: shire county = † | metropolitan county = *

Economy 
Coal mining used to be the main industry of the Black Country. Nationally famous companies in the West Midlands are Cadbury's in Bournville, Birmingham; the brewing companies such as Coors Brewers in Burton on Trent, as well as Marmite; JCB is based in Staffordshire.

Local media 
 The West Midlands region of the BBC is based at the Mailbox in Birmingham. From there, the regional programme Midlands Today is produced. ITV Central broadcasts from Birmingham, with its Central Tonight regional programme.
 BBC Radios WM, Coventry & Warwickshire, Stoke, Hereford & Worcester and Shropshire.
 Commercial radio stations: BRMB, Beacon Radio in Wolverhampton, Mercia FM in Coventry, Touch FM (Burton, Lichfield and Tamworth) in Tamworth, Touch FM (Coventry), Kerrang! 105.2 in Birmingham, Wyvern FM in Worcester, 100.7 Heart FM in Birmingham, and Signal 1 from Stoke.
 Newspapers - the Birmingham Post, Birmingham Mail, Express & Star in Wolverhampton, The Sentinel in Stoke-on-Trent and Coventry Evening Telegraph.

Other websites 
 Advantage West Midlands - Regional Development Agency
 Government Office for the West Midlands 
 West Midlands Regional Assembly 
 Government's list of councils in the West Midlands 
 MLA West Midlands - Museums, Libraries and Archives Regional Agency 
 West Midlands NO! - campaign against regional government in the West Midlands
Jaworzno

Jaworzno is a city in Poland in Silesian Voivodeship. It has about 96 600 inhabitants and 152,2 km².

Cities in Poland
Volt

For the electric plug-in hybrid concept car, see Chevrolet Volt.
For the record label, see Volt Records
The volt (symbol: V) is the SI derived unit of electric potential difference or electromotive force (also known as voltage). It is named in honor of the Italian physicist Alessandro Volta (1745–1827), who invented the voltaic pile, the first chemical battery.

Definition 
The volt is defined as the potential difference across a conductor when a current of one ampere dissipates one watt of power. Hence, it is the base SI representation m2 · kg · s−3 · A−1, which can be equally represented as one joule of energy per coulomb of charge, J/C.

Hydraulic analogy 
In the hydraulic analogy sometimes used to explain electric circuits by comparing them to water-filled pipes, voltage is like water pressure - it determines how fast the electrons will travel through the circuit. Current (in amperes), in the same analogy, is a measure of the volume of water that flows past a given point, the rate of which is determined by the voltage, and the total output measured in watts. The equation that brings all three components together is: volts × amperes = watts

Common voltages 

Nominal voltages of familiar sources:
 Nerve cell action potential: around 30 mV
 Single-cell, rechargeable NiMH or NiCd battery: 1.2 V
 Mercury battery 1.355 V
 Single-cell, non-rechargeable alkaline battery (e.g. AAA, AA, C and D cells): 1.5 V
 Lithium polymer rechargeable battery: 3.75 V
 Transistor-transistor logic (TTL) power supply: 5 V
 PP3 battery: 9 V
 Automobile electrical system: 12 V (nominal)
 Household mains electricity: 230 V RMS in Europe, Australia, Asia and Africa, 120 V RMS in North America, 100 V RMS in Japan (see List of countries with mains power plugs, voltages and frequencies)
 Rapid transit third rail: 600 to 700 V (see List of current systems for electric rail traction)
 High speed train overhead power lines: 25 kV RMS at 50 Hz, but see List of current systems for electric rail traction for exceptions.
 High voltage electric power transmission lines: 110 kV RMS and up (1150 kV RMS is the record as of 2005)
 Lightning: Varies greatly, often around 100 MV.

Note: Where 'RMS' (root mean square) is stated above, the peak voltage is  times greater than the RMS voltage for a sinusoidal signal.

History of the volt 
In 1800, as the result of a professional disagreement over the galvanic response advocated by Luigi Galvani, Alessandro Volta developed the so-called Voltaic pile, a forerunner of the battery, which produced a steady electric current. Volta had determined that the most effective pair of dissimilar metals to produce electricity was zinc and silver. In the 1880s, the International Electrical Congress, now the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), approved the volt for electromotive force. The volt was defined as the potential difference across a conductor when a current of one ampere dissipates one watt of power.

Related pages
 SI for unit prefixes
 SI electromagnetism units
 Voltmeter
 Watt
 Ampere

References

Other websites 
 Volt -Citizendium 

Electricity