cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Baroness Sophie Buxhoeveden

Baroness Sophie Buxhoeveden, also known as Sophia Karlovna Buxhoeveden (Russian: София Карловна Буксгевден, September 6, 1883 – November 26, 1956), was a lady in waiting to Tsarina Alexandra of Russia. She wrote three memoirs about the imperial family and about her own escape from Russia. In her book "Before the Storm", Sophie describes a side of old Russia seldom seen elsewhere, a family in the old fashioned provincial country life of the gentry in the years before the revolution. When she saw the famous imposter, Anna Anderson, who was at first claiming to be Grand Duchess Tatiana, she did not believe her. She called her "too short" to be Tatiana. When Anderson later claimed to be Grand Duchess Anastasia Nikolaevna of Russia, the Baroness said that Anderson "does not physically resemble her in the least".

References 

1883 births
1956 deaths
Grand Duchess Olga Alexandrovna of Russia

Grand Duchess Olga Alexandrovna of Russia (О́льга Алекса́ндровна Рома́нова; Olga Alexandrovna Romanova) ( – 24 November 1960) was the youngest child of Emperor Alexander III of Russia. Her older brother was Tsar Nicholas II. She was not close to her mother, Empress Maria Feodorovna. She was warmer towards her father, and they shared secrets and enjoyed time together. In 1901, she married Duke Peter Alexandrovich of Oldenburg. They separated in 1916. Olga married commoner Nikolai Kulikovsky, whom she had loved from 1903. After the Romanov family were destroyed in the Russian Revolution of 1917, she ran away to the Crimea with her mother, husband, and children, where they lived in great danger. Her brother and his family, including Olga's niece Grand Duchess Anastasia, were murdered by communists. After she escaped from Russia in 1919, Olga was often visited by people who claimed to be her dead relatives. She met Anna Anderson, the best-known Anastasia impostor, in a famous visit to  Berlin   Germany  in 1925. She died when she was 78. Olga was the last surviving child of Alexander III of Russia and Maria Feodorovna, Empress of Russia. She was the last Grand Duchess of Imperial Russia

Notes

References 
 Crawford, Rosemary; Crawford, Donald (1997). Michael and Natasha: The Life and Love of the Last Tsar of Russia. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. 
 Klier, John; Mingay, Helen (1995). The Quest for Anastasia. London: Smith Gryphon. 
Kulikovsky-Romanoff, Olga (Undated) "The Unfading Light of Charity: Grand Duchess Olga As a Philanthropist And Painter" , Historical Magazine, Gatchina Through The Centuries, retrieved 6 March 2010
Kurth, Peter (1983) Anastasia: The Life of Anna Anderson|. London: Jonathan Cape. 
 Massie, Robert K. (1995). The Romanovs: The Final Chapter. Random House. 
Phenix, Patricia (1999). Olga Romanov: Russia's Last Grand Duchess. Viking/Penguin. 
von Nidda, Roland Krug (1958) Commentary in I, Anastasia: An autobiography with notes by Roland Krug von Nidda translated from the German by Oliver Coburn. London: Michael Joseph.
Vorres, Ian (2001) [1964]. The Last Grand Duchess. Toronto: Key Porter Books. 

1882 births
1960 deaths
Russian grand dukes and duchesses
House of Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov
Computer vision

Computer vision is the subfield of Computer Science that studies how a computer processes visual information to have them interpret what they see.  Unlike Computer Graphics which generates images using computers, Computer Vision takes visual information from the real world and uses algorithms to make predictions and explain what is in the image.

Applications
Computer Vision originally focused on computer systems understanding images well enough to describe what they see, but has grown to systems that give detailed environmental context with more advancements in Machine Learning. Improved Pattern Recognition and Convolutional Neural Networks methods have given way to new methods for processing images that has application in multiple fields.

Optical Character Recognition

Google Books used scanned images of pages of books to convert those pages to a text format. This allowed users to search the text in the book without needing to read it page by page.

Medical Imaging
Computer systems use the X-Ray and MRI imaging of hospital patients to make a diagnosis as to whether or not they have cancer. In some instances, the computers have outperformed the doctors who make diagnoses on the same patient.https://www.bbc.com/news/health-50857759

Self Driving Cars
Autonomous Cars use a combination of Computer Vision and LiDAR to detect pedestrians and Stop Signs when driving passengers.

References

Computers
Catal Huyuk

Catal Huyuk  was a very large Neolithic and Chalcolithic settlement in southern Anatolia, which existed from approximately 7500 BC to 5700 BC. It is the largest and most well preserved Neolithic site found to date. The site is in Turkey: coordinates  E37° 40′ 3″ N; 32° 49′ 42″. The population was about 6,000 and the food they ate was mainly wheat, barely and rice.

In July 2012, it was inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

References 

Ancient history
Archaeological sites in Asia
World Heritage Sites in Turkey
Tui Sutherland

Tui T. Sutherland (born July 31, 1978 in Caracas Venezuela) is a writer of children's novels, including the Wings of Fire series. In addition to her real name, she has also written under the pen names Heather Williams, and Erin Hunter, working with Victoria Holmes, Cherith Baldry, and Kate Cary to write the Warriors. As Erin Hunter, she has mainly contributed to the Seekers series, and the Warriors "Field Guides".

Tui Sutherland also appeared on the television game show Jeopardy!, winning $46,200.

Books

Seekers

The Quest Begins (2008, as Erin Hunter)
Smoke Mountain (2009, as Erin Hunter)
Fire in the Sky (2010, as Erin Hunter)
The Melting Sea (2012, as Erin Hunter)

The Menagerie

The Menagerie (2014)
The Menagerie #2: Dragon on Trial (March 11, 2014)
The Menagerie #3: Krakens and Lies (March 10, 2015)

Warriors

 Secrets of the Clans (2007, as Erin Hunter)
 Battles of the Clans (2010, as Erin Hunter)
 Beginning of the clans (2013, as Erin Hunter)
 End of the clans (2015, as Erin Hunter)

Pet Trouble
 Pet Trouble-Runaway Retriever (2009, as T. T. Sutherland)
 Pet Trouble-Loudest Beagle on the Block (2009, as T. T. Sutherland)
 Pet Trouble-Mud-Puddle Poodle (2009, as T. T. Sutherland)
 Pet Trouble-Bulldog Won't Budge (2009, as T. T. Sutherland)
 Pet Trouble-Oh No, Newf! (2010)
 Pet Trouble-Smarty-Pants Sheltie (2010)
 Pet Trouble-Bad to the Bone Boxer (2010)
 Pet Trouble-Dachshund Disaster (2010)

Wings of Fire 
The Dragonet Prophecy (July 1, 2012)
The Lost Heir (January 1, 2013)  
The Hidden Kingdom (May 28, 2013)
The Dark Secret (October 29, 2013)
The Brightest Night (March 25, 2014)
Moon Rising (December 30, 2014)
Winter Turning (June 30, 2015)
Escaping Peril (December 29, 2015)
Talons of Power (December 27, 2016)
Darkness of Dragons (June 25, 2017)
The Lost Continent (June 26, 2018)
The Hive Queen (December 26, 2018)
The Poison Jungle (July 30, 2019)
The Dangerous Gift (March 2, 2021) (unreleased)

Wings of Fire Graphic Novels 
The Dragonet Prophecy (January 2, 2018)
The Lost Heir (February 26, 2019)
The Hidden Kingdom (October 15, 2019)
The Dark Secret (December 29, 2020)

Darkstalker (November 28, 2016)
Dragonslayer (March 3rd, 2020)

Spirit Animals
 Against the Tide (September 30, 2014)

References

1978 births
Living people
Writers from Massachusetts
Venezuelan writers
People from Caracas
Blood and soil

Blood and soil is a concept first developed in the 19th century. It looks at a person's blood, to see where they come from, and who their ancestors were. It also looks at the soil a person is working on, to make a claim that they should indeed work and occupy that land. In the nineteenth century, the idea was linked to racism and to nationalism. 
One of the first to use Blut und Boden, or blood and soil was Oswald Spengler in his book Der Untergang des Abendlandes. In the book, Spengler talks about the struggle of blood and soil about the inner form of a relocated species of animal and man. Walther Darré took the phrase and established the link. In his book "Neuadel aus Blut und Boden" (New nobility from blood and soil) he tries to show the relation between economic and agrarian policies, as well as racial ones.

Another idea of the blood and soil ideology comes from Lamarckism: The ethnic characteristics of a population are linked to the geographical regions it inhabits; only in this region will it be able to fully live up to its potential.

There is also a literary genre called blood and soil. In it, it shows an agrarian society living up to this ideals. People writing in this style were Gerhard Schumann and Herbert Böhme. The ideas are also sometimes shown in artworks. Artists included Adolf Ziegler, Arthur Kampf, Arno Breker and Josef Thorak. Very often, such artworks were seen as degenerate art when the Nazi party came to power. Artists had to flee, many died in exile.

Today, the phrase is associated with Nazi ideology. White supremacist gathers at the 2017 Charlottesville riots were heard chanting "blood and soil", presumably to align themselves with Nazism.

References

Political philosophy
Nazism
Argentinosaurus

Argentinosaurus was a titanosaurid sauropod dinosaur. It was an enormous, long-necked, long-tailed, quadrupedal, plant-eater from Argentina, South America during the Cretaceous period.

Argentinosaurus meaning "Argentina lizard", was named by paleontologists Coria & José Bonaparte in 1993. It is known from fossilized back vertebrae, tibia, ribs and sacrum, found in Neuquén Province. It may be the largest dinosaur, but its remains are so incomplete that palaeontologists prefer to use Saltasaurus for their calculations. An accurate estimate was got for the much more complete sub-adult Dreadnoughtus.

Rough estimates 

The following shows the disagreement on estimates of size:
Thomas Holtz: 120 feet (36.6 meters)?
Mickey Mortimer: 2226 meters.

References 

Titanosaurs
Cretaceous dinosaurs
National Public Radio

National Public Radio (NPR) is a free media org. It's a national syndicator to a lot of public radio stations in the U.S. It began in '70. This was after the Public Broadcasting Act was passed in '67. This act was signed by President Lyndon B. Johnson. NPR produces/spreads news & cultural programming. Most public radio stations broadcast some NPR programs. NPR is very popular. In '05, NPR was voted the most trusted news source in the U.S.  

NPR makes a 5 min. newscast that plays at the top of every hour.  During some shows, it has a shorter newscast that plays at the bottom of some hours.

Shows
The following shows are made by NPR in their studios in Washington, D.C. & L.A.:

Morning Edition, NPR's big morning news show 
Weekend Edition, the weekend ver. of Morning Edition
All Things Considered, NPR's big afternoon news show
Weekend All Things Considered
Talk of the Nation, NPR's news call-in show
Science Friday, the Friday Talk of the Nation, which's all about science
Wait Wait Don't Tell Me, a weekend news quiz show
All Songs Considered, a music podcast
Thistle and Shamrock, a Celtic music show

The following shows are produced by other people & distributed by NPR
Car Talk, a weekly call-in show about auto repair
Fresh Air, a talk show feat. interviews w/ celebs & entertainment reviews
Latino USA, a weekly 30 min. show 'bout Latino issues
On the Media, a weekly show 'bout journalism, the Internet & free speech

NPR and the Gettysburg Address 
William R. Rathvon is the only known eyewitness of the Gettysburg Address to have left an audio recording of what he remembered. 1 year before he died in '39, Rathvon's remarks were rec. at Feb 12, '38. It incl. his reading the address itself. The title of the rec. was "I Heard Lincoln That Day - William R. Rathvon, TR Productions". NPR found a copy during a "Quest for Sound" project in '99. NPR allows people to hear the rec. around Lincoln's birthday.

References

Other websites 
 

1970 establishments in the United States
Radio
Propithecus

Propithecus is the genus of the sifakas. They are a genus of lemur in Madagascar. Nine species have been identified. They cannot run on all four legs because their legs are much longer than their arms. Instead, they bounce along the forest floor, jumping from one foot to the other, holding their arms up in the air. Some of them are critically endangered species.

References 

Lemuriformes
Hornbill

The hornbills (Bucerotidae) are a family of bird found in tropical and subtropical Africa, Asia and Melanesia. They have a long, down-curved bill which is often brightly colored and sometimes has a box-like thing on the upper mandible. Many states of India like Kerala are fond of the hornbills. It is also the state bird of Kerala.

The female hornbill lays her eggs in a hole in a tree. Then, helped by her mate, she seals herself in, covering the entrance with droppings and mud. Only a small slit is left, through which the male gives her food. This keeps the nest safe from snakes until the chicks are grown enough to leave the nest, and learn how to fly.

References 

Coraciiformes
Weaver ant

Weaver ants (also known as tailor ants or green ants; genus Oecophylla) are eusocial insects of the Formicidae family. They make their nests from living leaves, still attached to the tree. Instead of needles and thread, they use a rare type of silk, made in the mouths of their own grubs. The grubs are passed to and from between the leaves, to sew them together. Tailor ants may be found in the rainforest of Asia.

Colonies of weaver ants can be very large, containing more than half a million workers. The colonies can be made up of more than a hundred nests across several trees.

References

Other websites

 Weaver Ants - National Geographic, May 2011
 AntWeb - Ants of the world
 Tree Of Life - Oecophylla 

Ants
Bellbird

The bellbird is a bird native to Central and South America. It gets its name from its call which sounds like a bell. It uses this call to attract its mate. The bellbird has the loudest voice of any bird, so loud it can be heard a mile or more away.

References 

Passeriformes
Greater bulldog bat

The greater bulldog bat or fisherman bat (Noctilio leporinus) of South America hunts for its food using sound. It makes a high clicking noise that hits ripples in the water. By listening for the echoes, the bat can tell not only where the ripples are, but also locate the fish that made them.

References 

Bats
Mammals of North America
Mammals of South America
Chelsea Grin (band)

Chelsea Grin is an American deathcore band from Salt Lake City, Utah.

The band was originally called Ahaziah before the name of the band was changed to Chelsea Grin, named after the torture method known as the "Glasgow Smile".

The band has released 3 albums, "Desolation of Eden, 'My Damnation, and "Ashes to Ashes" and one ep "Chelsea Grin EP". "Desolation of Eden''" reached number 21 on The Billboard Top Heatseekers Chart.

Band members
Current
Alex Koehler – Vocals (2007–2009, 2009–present)
Andrew Carlston – Drums (2009–present)
David Flinn – Bass (2009–present)
Jacob Harmond – Guitar (2009–present)
Daniel Jones – Guitar (2007–present)
Jason Richardson - Lead guitar (2011-present)

Former
Chris Kilbourn - guitar (2008–2009)
Davis Pugh - bass guitar (2009)
Austin Marticorena - bass guitar (2008)
Kory Shilling - drums (2009)
Michael Stafford – guitar (2007-2011)

Discography
Studio albums

EPs

References

Other websites
Official website

2000s American music groups
2010s American music groups
Deathcore bands
Musical groups from Utah
Salt Lake City
Musical groups established in 2007
2007 establishments in the United States
21st-century establishments in Utah
Ogden, Utah

Ogden, Utah is a city in Weber County, Utah, USA with a population of 82,865 from 2008 estimates.  The mayor of Ogden is Mike Caldwell. Ogden was originally named Fort Buenaventura. Fort Buenaventura was the first permanent settlement by people whose families came from Europe in the area now known as Utah. A trapper named Miles Goodyear established it in 1846 a mile west of present downtown Ogden. Then a year later, the fort was bought by Mormon settlers for about $2,000. Brownsville is another name that was once used for the settlement. When the area was renamed, it was named after Peter Skene Ogden, a Hudson Bay Company leader who trapped animals for fur in the Weber Valley.

Ogden is the county seat of Weber County. It lies to the east of the Great Salt Lake, the west of the Wasatch Front mountain range, and is basically north of Salt Lake City.

Weber State University is located in Ogden. Damian Lillard, an NBA player on the Portland Trailblazers, played basketball in college for the Weber State Wildcats.

References

 
County seats in Utah
1846 establishments in the United States
19th-century establishments in Utah
Macleans College

Macleans College is a secondary school in Bucklands Beach, Auckland, New Zealand. The school was opened in 1980 by  the Governor General Sir David Beattie. The current principal is Byron J Bentley. Over 2,500 students go to this school. Students have a choice of which qualifications they want to do - NCEA (National Certificate of Educational Achievement), and CIE (Cambridge International Examinations).

House system
Macleans was the first public school in New Zealand to use the "Whanau House System". This is dividing the school up into nine 'houses'. Each house contains about 300 students in total, with two classes of 30 students in each year. These nine houses are named after some famous people from New Zealand. The names are: Batten, Mansfield, Nieto, Rutherford, Kupe, Hillary, Te Kanawa, Snell and Upham. The school began with only 4 of these houses, but has got bigger over the years. The newest house is Upham house, which opened in 2003.

Teachers 

Some of the teachers at Macleans College are Dr Holborow (Physics Teacher). Mr Fletcher (History and Social Sciences teacher). Mrs Bungay (Computing and Information Management teacher). Mr Davidson (Social Sciences). Mr Edwards (Mathematics). Mrs Woodhead (English). Mrs Gill (English). Dr Kleinmans (Science and Chemistry). Ms Power (Science). Mr Tai (Science).

Other websites
Macleans College website

Reference

Schools in New Zealand
Auckland
1980 establishments in Oceania
20th-century establishments in New Zealand
Hattusili III

Hattusili III was a king of the Hittite empire around 1267–1237 BC. He was the fourth and last son of Mursili II. 

Hattusili led the Hittite forces in the Battle of Kadesh against Egypt in 1274 BC. Hattusili and the Egyptian pharaoh Ramesses II later made a peace treaty. This is the earliest treaty which has survived to the present day. Apparently, it was based upon previous Hittite models. The treaty set up a long-lasting peace between the two rival empires. Ramesses married Hattusili's daughter, and years later he married another Hittite princess.

References 

Hittite Empire
Mesopotamian people
Garfield and Friends

Garfield and Friends is an animated television show that is based on the comic strip Garfield. The show aired on CBS from 1988 to 1994 on Saturday mornings. Then reran on Cartoon Network from 1995 to 1997, Nickelodeon from 1997 to 2000, ABC Kids (then known as Disney's One Saturday Morning) from 2000 to 2001, Freeform (then known as ABC Family) from 2001 to 2003, Toon Disney from 2003 to 2006, and Boomerang from 2006 to 2007. In addition to Garfield cartoons, it also features cartoons based on U.S. Acres, another comic strip created by Jim Davis.

Characters
 Garfield: A very fat, lazy, orange-skinned, cat. He loves eating, sleeping, and watching television.
 Jon: Garfield and Odie's nerdy owner. He is very loyal to them. He goes on dates and later gets dumped by girls.
 Odie: A yellow-skinned dog. He is very dumb and easily annoys Garfield.
 Nermal: A cute, gray-skinned cat.  She annoys Garfield more than anybody.

Animated television series
1988 television series debuts
CBS network shows
1994 American television series endings
1994 television series endings
English-language television programs
Heungseon Daewongun

Heungseon Daewongun (Hangul: , Hanja: , 21 December 1820 - 22 February 1898) was the title of Korean politician and regent of the Joseon dynasty Yi Ha-eung. Yi Ha-eung received the title when he became regent for King Gojong who was a child when he became King of Korea. Yi ruled between 1863 and 1874, during his rule he tried to close Korea from foreign influences and protect the traditional Korean way of life; when Christian missionaries threatened the traditional Korean social hierarchy, he became a persecutor of Christians martyring Korean converts and Western missionaries.

1820 births
1898 deaths
Korean politicians
Regents
Marc Ferrez

Marc Ferrez (December 7, 1843 – January 12, 1923) was a Brazilian photographer born in Rio de Janeiro.

Ferrez's life was dedicated to the art of photography and he is considered one of the greatest photographers of his time. His production was massive, and his photographs document the consolidation of Brazil as a nation and Rio de Janeiro as a metropolis. His career was energized when he made part of Professor Charles Hartt's Geological Commission which covered the north and south of the country.

In 1865, Ferrez opened his own studio at Rua São José, in the center of Rio de Janeiro. He was made Photographo da Marinha Imperial and his work with images increased through his life. He photographed Brazil from south to north, but paid more attention to his home city, Rio de Janeiro. His masterpieces are the great albums of railway constructions and the great panoramic views of the city of Rio de Janeiro and its quick development.

Ferrez died in 1923 and left thousands of pictures and reproductions of his works.

1843 births
1923 deaths
Brazilian photographers
XSLT

XSLT, which stands for Extensible Stylesheet Language Transformations is a programming language. XSLT is based on XML. It is part of XSL, and is used for transforming XML documents, most of the time. The language is Turing complete. This means that anything that can be computed by a Turing machine can also be done in XSLT. 

Uses for XSLT include:
Presentation-oriented publishing (POP): A transformation is done for presentation purposes. Examples of such transformations include the generation of XHTML, SVG and Docbook.
Message-oriented Middleware (MOM): A transformation is done to make communication between two different systems possible. This allows to exchange data between both systems.

Programming languages
Goo Ha-ra

Goo Ha-ra (Hangul: 구하라; January 3, 1991 – November 24, 2019) was a South Korean singer, known for being a member of girl group Kara formed by DSP Entertainment in 2007.

Early life
Goo Ha-ra was born on January 3, 1991, in Gwangju, South Korea. Before debuting, she participated in the SM's youth appearance tournament in 2005. In 2007, she auditioned for JYP, however, she lost the runoff.

She was also an online shopping mall model, having been scouted after her photos were uploaded onto DSP's homepage. Thus, Goo Hara became a member of Kara. Currently, she postponed going to university in order to concentrate on her career.

Career

Kara

Kara debuted on March 29, 2007. In 2008, however, a member, Kim Sunghee, left the group. DSP Entertainment replaced her with two new members, Goo Hara and Kang Jiyoung, and Kara made a comeback with Rock U, which changed their image from "Hip-hop" to "cute and playful".

In December 4, 2008, Kara started their comeback on M! Countdown with "Pretty Girl". In February 2009, Kara released their second mini-album "Honey". "Honey" became the group's first #1 single when it topped the M! Countdown and The Music Trend.

In late July 2009, Kara revealed their second album named "Revolution". Due to the popularity of their songs Wanna and Mister, Kara's overall popularity increased. Kara recently started promotions with their third mini-album "Lupin".

Solo activities
In late 2008, she appeared along with the other Kara members in an episode of MBC sitcom That Person is Coming, having the most prominent role as a female gang leader.

She joined MBC's Hunters, along with SS501's Kim Hyun Joong, Jung Yong Hwa, Lee Hwi Jae, Shin Jung Hwan and two professional hunters to catch overpopulated wild boars that have become a dangerous threat to people and crops. The first episode aired on December 6, 2009. However, due to complaints about animal rights after the first episode, the show's format was quickly changed to Eco House; Goo Hara does not appear in the new show.

In October 2009, she became a cast member in KBS reality show Invincible Youth ("청춘불패"). In January 2015, she became a co-host in KBS A Style For You along with Hani.

Death
On May 26, 2019, Goo tried to kill herself in her apartment and was hospitalized.

On November 24, Goo was found dead at her home in Cheongdam-dong, Gangnam. Police investigation say suicide the likely cause of death.

Filmography

References

Other websites
Kara Official website
 Official Cyworld page

1991 births
2019 deaths
People who committed suicide
South Korean movie actors
South Korean television actors
South Korean singers
K-pop singers
Avimimus

Avimimus (meaning "bird mimic") was a recently discovered maniraptoran. It was a very fast moving, light-weight, bird-like theropod dinosaur that lived in the late Cretaceous in what is now Mongolia, around 70 million years ago. that may have had feathers. There are two known species, Avimimus portentosus and Avimimus nemegtensis.

Flight? 
The forelimbs were relatively short. The bones of the hand were fused together, as in modern birds, and a ridge on the ulna (lower arm bone) was interpreted as an attachment point for feathers by Kurzanov. Kurzanov, in 1987, also reported the presence of quill knobs, and while Chiappe confirmed the presence of bumps on the ulna, their function remained unclear. Kurzanov was so convinced they were attachment points for feathers that he concluded that Avimimus may have been capable of weak flight. The presence of feathers is now widely accepted, but most paleontologists do not believe Avimimus could fly.

References 

Oviraptorosauria
Feathered dinosaurs
Merv Griffin

Mervyn Edward "Merv" Griffin, Jr. (July 6, 1925 – August 12, 2007) was the creator of many famous game shows like Jeopardy! and Wheel of Fortune. He worked from 1944 until his death in 2007.

Griffin was born July 6, 1925, in San Mateo, California to an Irish-American family. He was married to Julann Wright from 1958 until they divorced in 1976. They had one son, Tony Griffin. Griffin died on August 12, 2007 in Los Angeles, California from prostate cancer, aged 82. Premierie on August 18 2007 on GSN with Ten Wheel of Fortune or Jeopardy To Tell the Truth Tic Tac Dough The Joker Wild or Family Feud on January 6 1975 Present Like 1973 Until End July 1994 The Merv Griffin Show Ruckus Headline Chasers Super Jeopardy Monopoly (1990) & More

References
Wheel of Fortune (1973-January 6 1975 Present)

Jeopardy (March 30 1964-September 10 1984)

The All New Jeopardy (1978)

Super Jeopardy (1990)

Jep

Rock & Roll Jeopardy

Sports Jeopardy (2014)

& More

Other websites
 
 He Had a Lovely Bunch of Coconuts at the Wall Street Journal
 Merv Griffin tribute from ABC, from YouTube
 

1925 births
2007 deaths
Actors from San Mateo County, California
LGBT people from California
American movie actors
American radio actors
American radio personalities
American stage actors
American television actors
American television presenters
American voice actors
Bisexual people
Businesspeople from California
Cancer deaths in Los Angeles
Deaths from prostate cancer
Emmy Award winners
LGBT actors
LGBT broadcasters
LGBT businesspeople
Musicians from California
Television personalities from California
People from San Mateo, California
Thescelosaurus

Thescelosaurus was a plant-eating dinosaur that lived in forests during the late Cretaceous period in North America, about 77 to 65 million years ago. A Thescelosaurus fossilized four-chambered heart was recently found near Buffalo, South Dakota in USA. 

One complete specimen and 8 incomplete Thescelosaurus skeletons, including skin impressions, have been found in Wyoming, Montana, and South Dakota in the USA and in Alberta and Saskatchewan in Canada.

Hypsilophodontidae
Segnosaurus

Segnosaurus (meaning "slow lizard") was a herbivorous theropod dinosaur that lived during the late Upper Cretaceous, about 93 million years ago. It was a rather large Therizinosaur. This is a family of theropods which were herbivores. They changed from the usual carnivorous lifestyle of their ancestors.

Four partial skeletons of Segnosaurus have been found in Mongolia. It had a long flexible neck, long head, three-toed feet, a broad strong pelvis, stocky legs with clawed fingers and toes, and a short tail. In 2010 Gregory Paul estimated the body length at six metres, the weight at 1.3 tonnes.

References 

Cretaceous dinosaurs
Dinosaurs of Asia
Theropods
Riojasaurus

Riojasaurus was a herbivorous prosauropod dinosaur. It was one of the earliest of the large, plant-eating dinosaurs. Riojasaurus lived during the Upper Triassic, roughly 225 to 219 million years ago. Fossils have been found in La Rioja Province in Argentina. There are include incomplete skeletons from about 20 individuals.This dino was 30ft tall and 10ft long.

Riojasaurus had a heavy body, bulky legs, and a long neck and tail. Its leg bones were dense and massive for a prosauropod. By contrast, its vertebrae were lightened by hollow cavities, and unlike most prosauropods, Riojasaurus had four sacral vertebrae instead of three.

It probably moved slowly on all fours and could not rear up on its back legs. The nearly equal length of the fore and hindlimbs is also suggestive of a quadrupedal animal.

References 

Prosauropods
Nicol David

Datuk Nicol Ann David (born August 26, 1983) is a Malaysian professional squash  player. She is the current world number 1 in women's squash, and is the first Asian woman to achieve this. She won the British Open title in 2005, 2006 and 2008. She also won the World Open title in 2005, 2006, 2008 and 2009.

Nicol is the first squash player to have won the World Junior title twice; in 1999 and 2001. She was the only female squash player to have done this until in 2007. This was when Raneem El Weleily won her second World Junior Championship. Nicol joined WISPA and turned professional in 2000 when she won her first WISPA title, after only a month in the tour. The win came in February, when she beats Salma Shabana in the final of the Savcor Finnish Open. On June 7, 2008, Nicol David was recognized with the Order of Merit (Darjah Bakti) or D.B. in conjunction with the birthday of the His Majesty Tuanku Mizan Zainal Abidin. She was the first recipient of the award which was started on June 26, 1975. Nicol was also invited to carry the Olympic torch for Malaysia during the build up to the Athens Olympics in 2004 and being appointed as UNDP National Goodwill Ambassador for Malaysia.

Nicol David's other notable achievements include the Asian Squash Championship, which she won with a record of seven times (in 1998, 2000, 2002, 2004, 2006, 2008 and 2010). She also held a 13-month, 51-match winning streak, from March 2006 until April 2007. In April 2007 she finally lost to Natalie Grinham in the final of the 2007 Seoul Open. Nicol has also won the WISPA  Player of the Year on five consecutive times, from 2005 until 2009.

1983 births
Living people
Malaysian sportspeople
Squash (sport)
Orochimaru (Naruto)

Orochimaru is a fictional character of the manga Naruto. He is one of the greatest villain of the story, as well as a very powerful and dangerous ninja. He was formerly a ninja of Konoha, but defected 10 years before the beginning of the story, because his research about a technique which could allow Orochimaru to become immortal was discovered by Konoha officials and the Third Hokage. He then created his own village, Otogakure, and vowed to destroy his former home. When he was a ninja of Konoha, he was the most brilliant pupil of the Third Hokage, the leader of the village, and was considered to be one of the most powerful ninja of the entire village. The Third Hokage even wanted Orochimaru to succeed him as the Fourth Hokage but the title was later given to Minato Namikaze, Naruto's father and Jiraiya's pupil.  

In the first part of the series, Orochimaru tried to destroy his former home, invading it with an army of ninja, and killed his former master, but failed to destroy completely the village. He later took Sasuke Uchiha as his apprentice, but was betrayed by him after training him during two and a half years. Sasuke attacked Orochimaru when he was close to death, but Sasuke could not kill him and absorbed him in his body instead. 

During the fight between Sasuke and his brother Itachi, Orochimaru was able to come out of Sasuke's body, but was quickly defeated by Itachi, who imprisoned him in a eternal illusion. Orochimaru was later reincarnated by Sasuke Uchiha in order to revive the first 4 Hokage. Orochimaru later participated in the Fourth Shinobi World War against Madara Uchiha and Obito Uchiha. Orochimaru had a son named Mitsuki who is the same age as Boruto Uzumaki, the son of Naruto Uzumaki and Hinata Hyuga.  Mitsuki the son of ordinary is part of the new team 7 sarda boruto mitsuki  

The Uzamaki Clan was later reformed to the Senjuists.

Science fiction
Naruto

ro:Akatsuki#Orochimaru
Answerbag

Can anybody solve this problem?
A cylindrical tank filled with molten salt now considering the case half of the tank(top) is at temperature of 873K and bottom half is at 573K.
The dimensions of tank is given as (D = 3 m & H = 6 m). Let's assume there is no fluid flow or mixing hence heat transfer only by conduction.
How the temperature varies within the body w.r.t. time?
Assume density= 1803.8 kg/m3 , Cp = 1520.4 J/kgK and K = 0.45 W/m-K

Other websites 
Answerbag - Inquire Within

Websites
2003 establishments
2015 disestablishments
Constitution of the United Kingdom

The Constitution of the United Kingdom is a set of laws and rules in the United Kingdom that governs how the country is organized and the basic rights and freedoms of the people.

The UK's constitution is not written in one single document like many other countries' are. In fact, the UK's constitution is not completely written down at all. Some of it can be found in writing, starting with the Magna Carta of 1215 and the Bill of Rights Act 1689 and including more modern Acts of Parliament. Other parts of it are considered common law and are made up of the decisions of judges over many hundreds of years in a system called legal or judicial precedence. Because of this, some people say that the United Kingdom has a de facto or "unwritten" constitution.

Using the word "unwritten" is a problem, because most British laws and rules are written as statutes, or court judgments, the law of equity and in various treaties. Most of these laws come from the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Because most of the constitution is written down in this way, it is not technically correct to call it "unwritten" or "de facto". However, these words are still used. The Constitution of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is even more different to most other constitutions in that it is just a normal set of laws, and not a "higher" law that the government cannot easily change. The constitution has no more authority than any other law in the UK, and the government can change it just by passing a new Act.

Constitutional principles

Parliamentary sovereignty 
Parliamentary sovereignty means that the UK Parliament can pass, change and remove any law it wants. Countries with codified ("written") constitutions usually have a set of rules that make it harder for legislatures to change the constitution. In the UK, the constitution can be changed with a new Act.

Rule of law 
The United Kingdom has rule of law. This means that everyone, including important government officials, has to follow the law. The rule of law also means that people can't be punished for doing something that isn't illegal.

Constitutional monarchy 
The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy. This means it has a Queen or a King. The Queen or King is decided by whether or not their parents, or other close relative, were King or Queen. Oldest brothers used to get to be King first, then the next brother, and so on, turning only to daughters when there were no sons. Queen Elizabeth II changed this, however, and rewrote the law so that the eldest child now becomes the next monarch no matter what that person’s gender is.

Related pages
Constitution
Constitutionalism
Constitutional economics

References

Other websites

 Ministry of Justice - Governance of Britain 
 The Constitution Society - Charity founded in order to promote public understanding of the British Constitution 

Government of the United Kingdom
United Kingdom
German philosophy

German philosophy refers to philosophy written in German or by German philosophers. It started in the 17th century during the Age of Enlightenment, from Leibniz and Wolff through Kant, Schelling, Fichte, Hegel, Schopenhauer, Marx, Engels, and into the times of Nietzsche and Wittgenstein.

17th century 

The philosophy that dominated this century was the school of German philosopher and mathematican Gottfred Leibniz, later expanded by his follower, Christian Wolff. Leibniz thought that knowledge comes from reason alone.

18th century 

On the wake of the Enlightenment, a new philosophy called "critical philosophy" developed in Germany. It combined the ideals of philosophers Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778) of France and Switzerland and David Hume (1711-1776) of Scotland, and rationalism and empiricism. The founder of this school was Immanuel Kant. He published three "critiques", the most revolutionary being Critique of Pure Reason (1781), the other two being, Critique of Practical Reason and Critique of Judgement. Two followers of Kant, Schelling and Fichte, thought that Kant's system had some errors and sought to improve it. A third philosopher, Hegel (1770-1831), developed his own kind of German idealism. His books are often difficult to read, and his ideas influenced many people, including those who agreed with him, and those who did not.

Germany
Branches of philosophy
Ghee

Ghee is a product made from animal milk. It is used in India, Nepal and Pakistani cookings as a form of oil or cooking fat. It is made by boiling butter until all the water has evaporated out and the milk solids have settled to the bottom.

Types of Ghee 
Ghee can be made out of many different kinds of milk like cow, sheep, and buffalo milk. Ghee aged 10 to 100 years, called Kumbhiighrta, is believed to have medicinal properties. Ghee which is washed for 100 times is called Shata Dhauta Ghrita and considered as the oldest Ayurvedic cream.

Composition 
Composition of Ghee depends on the type of animal milk used. Palmitic acid and Oleic acid are the main fatty acids found in ghee prepared from cow and sheep milk.

References 

Dairy products
Indian food
Pakistani food
International Auxiliary Language Association

The International Auxiliary Language Association (IALA) was founded in 1924 to promote widespread study, discussion and publicity in the establishment of an international auxiliary language, together with research and experiment.

Although it was created to determine which auxiliary language was best suited for international communication, it eventually determined that none of them was up to the task and developed its own language, Interlingua. The IALA continued to publish materials in and about Interlingua until 1954.

Language
Ubaldo Jiménez

Ubaldo Jiménez (born January 22, 1984) is a pitcher for the Baltimore Orioles. He became the first pitcher for the Colorado Rockies to throw a no-hitter on April 17, 2010. He is from the Dominican Republic.  In 2010, Jiménez was the starting National League pitcher at the MLB All-Star Game, which the National League won.

Colorado Rockies players
1984 births
Living people
Baltimore Orioles players
JavaScript engine

A JavaScript engine is a program that runs JavaScript code. Web Browsers often have a JavaScript engine. It can also be used outside of web browsers, such as running services in Node.js or apps in the electron framework.

Design 
JavaScript was originally created as a scripting language to allow web pages to have changing, or dynamic, elements. Early Javascript engines were created as interpreters, programs that simply read the script and execute the instructions without analyzing it any more.

As JavaScript started being used more an more as a general-purpose language, execution speed, or how quickly the code is run, became more important for JavaScript engines. In response, many engines, such as V8 (Used in Chrome and Chromium) and SpiderMonkey (used in Firefox), started using Just-In-Time Compilation. In this method, it starts by compiling all of the code to optimized machine code, which is typically faster than interpretation, then running the result.

References 

JavaScript
Upper Volta

Upper Volta was a territory belonging to France from 1919 to 1932 and later from 1947 to 1958. In 1958, Upper Volta became a republic. Until 1960, it was still part of the French Community. In 1960, Upper Volta gained independence from France. In 1984, it became the country now known as Burkina Faso.

References 

 Burkina Faso (Upper Volta) at Nations Encyclopedia

History of France
Oxford spelling

Oxford spelling is the spelling found in the Oxford English Dictionary. One example would be "colour" instead of "color". 

More exactly, Oxford spelling is the headwords used in their dictionaries. In the full entries other variations are listed.

Most people in Britain use spellings like "organise" and "realise", but Oxford spelling uses "organize" and "realize". Those alternatives are both correct in British English.

Vocabulary
British English
Chanelle Hayes

Chanelle Hayes (born 11 November 1987) is a British television personality and pop singer.

She was born in Styal prison, Cheshire. She was adopted and raised in Wakefield, West Yorkshire. She has been active since 2007 when she left voluntarily left the Big Brother house in week 9. She has had a single entitled "I Want It" charted at number 63 in the UK, number 33 in Republic of Ireland, number 7 in Turkey and number 5 in Russia.

Hayes has modelled many times for Diva Corsets. She regularly appears in the media promoting the Michelle for George lingerie line. After leaving the big brother house, Hayes has been in numerous Lad's mags, such as nuts magazine and zoo magazine as a glamour model. In October 2011, Hayes appeared fully topless for the first time in Zoo magazine.

Personal life
Hayes dated Middlesbrough football player Matthew Bates for several months in 2009. On 6 August 2009, Hayes was rushed to hospital after trying suicide by taking an overdose of paracetamol and red wine. On 20 January 2010, it was reported that she was expecting her first child with Bates, a boy. She gave birth to her son Blakely Hayes-Bates on 20 July 2010.

Hayes started dating Jack Tweed at the beginning of April 2010. She said they split on 1 July 2010.

References

Big Brother contestants
English models
English pop musicians
English singers
Musicians from Cheshire
Musicians from West Yorkshire
Reality television participants
Television personalities from Cheshire
Television personalities from Yorkshire
1987 births
Living people
East Riding of Yorkshire

East Riding of Yorkshire is a county in the English region called Yorkshire and the Humber in the north of England.

East Riding of Yorkshire
Ceremonial counties of England
Martin Niemöller

Emil Gustav Friedrich Martin Niemöller (14 January 1892 – 6 March 1984) was a German pastor who opposed the Nazis. At first he supported Hitler, but when the Nazis tried to control the churches he helped to form the Confessing Church, an association of anti-Nazi churches. Because of his beliefs, he was imprisoned in concentration camps, and almost got executed. Niemöller is best known because he wrote the poem First they came....

He was born in Lippstadt. He died in Wiesbaden, aged 92.

References 
 Martin Niemöller: Biography on United States Holocaust Memorial Museum

1892 births
1984 deaths
Christian ministers
Christian religious leaders
Christian theologians
German Lutherans
German military personnel of World War I
German people of World War II
German poets
German prisoners
German theologians
Holocaust survivors
Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
People from North Rhine-Westphalia
First they came...

The poem First they came... was written by Martin Niemöller. It is a criticism of the way people in Nazi Germany did not stop the Nazi Party from treating other people poorly.

The poem is as follows:

First they came for the Communists,
  and I didn’t speak up,
  because I wasn’t a Communist.
Then they came for the Jews,
  and I didn’t speak up,
  because I wasn’t a Jew.
Then they came for the Catholics,
  and I didn’t speak up,
  because I was a Protestant.
Then they came for me,
  and by that time there was no one
  left to speak up for me.

References 

Nazi Germany
Poems

de:Martin Niemöller#Zitat
ARP Spoofing

ARP Spoofing is a method someone (such as a hacker) could use to redirect traffic from a computer through the hacker's computer and then to the internet.  This allows the hacker to then read all traffic sent from or to the first computer.  This will reveal passwords, credit card numbers, and other private information.

A symptom of this sort of attack is a window when browsing to a secure site that says something along the lines of "This website's authentication check has failed".  This means that the hacker has forged a secure connection that cannot be verified. So, the warning is presented.

Computers
Internet
Internet protocols
A36 steel

A36 steel is a standard steel alloy which is commonly used in the United States. It is a standard carbon steel.

References

Alloys
Yorkshire County Cricket Club

Yorkshire County Cricket Club is a cricket club in Yorkshire, England.  They play most of their games at the Headingley Stadium in the Headingley area of Leeds, West Yorkshire as well as some games at North Marine Road in Scarborough, North Yorkshire.

Cricket clubs
Yorkshire
Headingley Stadium

Headingley Stadium is a stadium in the Headingley area of Leeds, West Yorkshire.  The stadiums has two sides. One side is used for cricket and the other side is used for rugby. It is used for cricket by Yorkshire County Cricket Club, rugby league by the Leeds Rhinos and rugby union by Leeds Carnegie.

Leeds
Sports buildings in the United Kingdom
Headingley

Headingley is an area of Leeds, West Yorkshire.  It is situated about 3 miles from Leeds City Centre.  Headingley has a large student population and is also known for the Headingley Stadium.  Headingley railway station has train services to Leeds City Centre, Harrogate and York.

Leeds
Headingley railway station

Headingley railway station is a commuter railway station in the Headingley area of Leeds, West Yorkshire. The only train that operates at this station is Northern Rail. This station is on the line from Leeds City Centre to Harrogate and is two stops away from Leeds City Station.  Headingley Stadium is a rugby and cricket stadium that is near to this station.

Leeds
Railway stations in England
1849 establishments in England
North Marine Road

North Marine Road is a cricket ground in Scarborough, North Yorkshire. The ground is the second ground of Yorkshire County Cricket Club after the Headingley Stadium in Headingley, Leeds, West Yorkshire.

Scarborough, North Yorkshire
Cricket in England
Burley Park railway station

Burley Park railway station is a railway station in the Burley area of Leeds, West Yorkshire.  It is one stop away from Leeds City Station on the line between Leeds City Centre and Harrogate.  The station is situated ten minutes south of Headingley Stadium.  The railway station serves a large student population in Burley.

Leeds
Railway stations in England
Burley, Leeds

Burley is an area of Leeds, West Yorkshire.  Burley is close to Headingley and has a large student population.  The area often uses Burley Park railway station.  The Leeds Studios are in the Burley area.

Leeds