cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Sylvia Likens

Sylvia Likens (January 3, 1949 - October 26, 1965) was a 16-year-old murder victim from Indiana. She was tortured for three months by Gertrude Baniszewski (née Van Fossan), Gertrude's children, and other young people from their neighborhood, and eventually murdered on October 26, 1965. Her parents, carnival workers, had left Likens and her sister Jenny in the care of the Baniszewski family three months before her death in exchange for $20 a week. Baniszewski, two of her children, Paula and John, and two neighborhood youths, Coy Hubbard and Richard Hobbs, were charged and convicted of the crime. Her torture and murder were described by the prosecutor in Baniszewski's trial as "the most terrible crime ever committed in the state of Indiana".

References

1949 births
1965 deaths
Bubble sort

Bubble sort is a simple sorting algorithm. It is simple to understand, so it is usually taught to new students. It is not as efficient as some other sorting algorithms.

Bubble sort's name comes from the fact that each item in the list “bubbles” up to where it should go, like bubbles in water.

Algorithm

The algorithm compares pairs of elements in a list. The elements the make up the pairs are next to each other. Starting at one end of the list, the two elements in each pair are compared to each other in order. That means for example, the first and second element are compared, then the second and third element, and then the third and fourth, and so on. If the elements in the current pair are out of order, then the two elements switch places. This process – of comparing two elements – is done over and over again, until the whole list is sorted. The list is sorted, when there are no more pairs that have to be swapped.

In the best case scenario, where the list was already sorted before running the algorithm, the algorithm's complexity is O(n) (Big O notation). In the worst case, where the list starts off as being sorted in reverse, O(n²).

Implementation 
In an imperative programming language, bubble sort can be implemented by using a flag variable and looping through the array's elements:
 Set the flag sorted.
 Starting at one end, consider every neighbored pair of elements in a vector one after another (in their order).
 If a pair's elements are out of order, swap them, and clear the flag sorted.
 Repeat the previous steps until sorted remains set.

Alternatively, since the greatest value ascends to the highest index within the first iteration and then has reached its final right position, two for-loops nested into one another sort the vector, too:
for top ≔ high(vector)−1 downto low(vector) do
    for current ≔ low(vector) to top do
        if vector[current] > vector[current+1] then
            exchange(vector, current, current+1)

Related pages
 Insertion sort
 Selection sort

Searching and sorting algorithms
Maundy Thursday

Maundy Thursday, also known as Holy Thursday, Covenant Thursday, Great & Holy Thursday, and Thursday of Mysteries, is the Christian feast or holy day falling on the Thursday before Easter that commemorates the Last Supper of Jesus Christ with the Twelve Apostles as described in the Canonical gospels. It is the fifth day of Holy Week, and is preceded by Holy Wednesday and followed by Good Friday.

Christian holidays
Easter

pcd:Jeudi jeudyou
Holy Saturday

Holy Saturday (from the Latin: Sabbatum Sanctum) is the day after Good Friday. It is the day before Easter and the last day of Holy week, in which Christians prepare for Easter. This day commemorates the day that Jesus Christ's body laid in the tomb.

Christian holidays
Easter
Dysaethesia Aethiopica

Dysaethesia Aethiopica was a term to describe a mental illness which was believed to be why Afro-American slaves were lazy.
American physician Samuel A. Cartwright described the condition in 1851. Today, dysaethesia aethiopica is considered an example of pseudoscience. Many people think it is an example of scientific racism. 

Cartwright wrote that the illness caused people to break and mishandle everything they touched. They walked about as if they were in a daze, or half asleep. They often argued with people in charge and caused disturbances. They did not feel pain, and did not react when physically punished. It affected people who did not have white (or European) people to look after them.

References

Pseudoscience
Ilya Bryzgalov

Ilya Nikolayevich Bryzgalov (Илья Николаевич Брызгалов in Russian; born June 22, 1980 in Togliatti, Russian SFSR, URS) is a former Russian professional ice hockey goaltender that played for the Minnesota Wild of the National Hockey League (NHL).

Bryzgalov has also played for the Anaheim Ducks/Mighty Ducks of Anaheim for 5 seasons, the Phoenix Coyotes for 4 seasons, the Philadelphia Flyers for 2 seasons, and the Edmonton Oilers for 20 games. He was drafted by the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim with the 44th overall pick in the 2000 NHL Draft. He won the Stanley Cup with the Anaheim Ducks on June 6, 2007.

On March 4, 2014, the Oilers traded Bryzgalov to the Minnesota Wild for a fourth-round draft pick.

References

Other websites 

1980 births
American Hockey League players
Anaheim Ducks players
Edmonton Oilers players
Russian ice hockey goaltenders
Living people
Minnesota Wild players
Philadelphia Flyers players
Phoenix Coyotes players
Stanley Cup champions
Philip Henrik Hansteen

Philip Henrik Hansteen (1817 – ?) was a Norwegian judge.

Hansteen was born in Moss, and graduated there as a cand.jur. (Candidate of Law) in 1840. From 1840 to 1842 he was a deputy judge at the Moss District Court in Moss. He was a judge in what was Norway's last trail that ended in pillory, making one embarrassed in public. He later worked as a "district stipendiary magistrate" of the Sør-Østerdal District Court from 1854 to 1869. He later worked at the Solør District Court from 1869 to 1879. In 1879 he became a Supreme Court Assessor for the rest of his life.

References

1817 births
Norwegian politicians
Year of death unknown
Scientific racism

Scientific racism is the use of science to support racism. In the 19th century, scientists divided humankind into different groups called "races".

For instance, the group of black people was called "Black race" or "Negroid race". Many scientists said that white people were superior to (better than) black people. In this way, scientists supported slavery and Jim Crow laws.

In the 19th century, some scientists said that Jews were a race. People like Houston Steward Chamberlain wrote that Jews were a danger to other people. Adolf Hitler read some of their books. He ordered the Holocaust in which about 6 million Jews were murdered.

Today, scientists agree that there is only one human race. Modern genetic research has shown that the idea of different races was wrong. Scientists also say that the "belief in races" is a very bad thing that has caused much damage.

References 
 

Race
Pseudoscience
Dease Lake

Dease Lake is a small Canadian city in British Columbia, Canada. Dease Lake is in the Northern Interior of British Columbia. Dease Lake is only a few hours from the Yukon border. Near Dease Lake is the Dease Lake Indian Reserve No. 9 which is under the governance of the Tahltan First Nation band government. Dease Lake is known for being a destination for hunting and other wilderness activities.

Other websites
Town of Dease Lake's Official website 

Settlements in British Columbia
Osoyoos, British Columbia

Osoyoos is a Canadian town in British Columbia, Canada. Osoyoos is in the southern part of the Okanagan Valley in British Columbia and is also near the Washington border. The population of Osoyoos was 5,203 at the 2010 consensus. Osoyoos is pronounced "OH-SOY -OOSE" and is also historically pronounced "SOY-OOSE". NHL player Chuck Kobasew was born in Osoyoos.

Other websites
Town of Osoyoos's Official website

Cities in British Columbia
Fort Nelson, British Columbia

Fort Nelson is a Canadian town in British Columbia, Canada. Fort Nelson is in the newly formed Northern Rockies Regional Municipality and is also in the northeastern corner of British Columbia. The population of Fort Nelson was 4,514 at the 2006 census. Around Fort Nelson is Fort Nelson River, Muskwa River and Prophet River. The forests in Fort Nelson are part of Canada's boreal forest.

Other websites
Town of Fort Nelson's Official website

Cities in British Columbia
Total Metal

Total Metal is the compilation album by heavy metal band Atomkraft. It contains songs from albums published by Neat Records.

Track listing

CD 1 

 Total Metal
 Pour the Metal In
 Foliage
 Teutonic Pain
 Funeral Pyre
 Rich Bitch
 Starchild
 Warzone
 Vision of Belshazzar
 Burn in Hell
 Requiem
 Protector
 Dead Man's Hand
 Medley: This Planet Burning / Death Valley

CD 2 

 Future Warriors
 Queen of Death
 The Cage
 Demolition
 Heat and Pain
 Mode 3
 Your Mentor
 Trial by Deception
 Demolition Boyz
 Visions of Belshhazzar (Live)
 Foliage (Live)
 Annihilate the Bride
 Dance of the Immortals
 Total Metal ('83 Demo)
 Death Valley ('83 Demo)

Compilation albums
Gliding

Gliding is when an object or animal goes through the air without active flight. All gliders use an aerofoil to slow their rate of descent. Glider planes have wings, and gliding animals have membranes which they stretch out. By using rising air they can prolong their stay in the air. The word 'soaring' describes this, and is also used for the sport of gliding. 

Air will rise if it is heated by the ground or if it is deflected by mountains. Improvements in aerodynamics, in instruments and in the understanding of the weather have allowed flights over great distances at high speeds. The world record distance is now over 3000 km.

Aircraft
Animals
Parasomnia

Parasomias are sleep disorders that interrupt sleep. They can be broadly classified:
Problems with arousal (NREM sleep): Sleepwalking and night terrors (Pavor nocturnus)
Problems associated with REM sleep: Nightmares, sleep paralysis
Other problems, including for example hallucinations, or eating disorders.

Sleep disorders
Psychology
Tom Glavine

Tom Glavine (born March 25, 1966) is a former baseball player who played pitcher. He won more than 300 games in his career and has won the second-most games in National League history (behind his former teammate Greg Maddux). He won one World Series with the Atlanta Braves in 1995, and was the World Series Most Valuable Player (MVP). Most of his career was with the Braves (from 1987 to 2002 and in 2008), but he also played with the New York Mets from 2003 to 2007.

Awards
As well as being the MVP of the 1995 World Series, Glavine also won the National League (NL) Cy Young Award in 1991 and 1998.

References

1966 births
American Roman Catholics
Atlanta Braves players
Living people
Major League Baseball broadcasters
New York Mets players
National League All-Stars
Physiotherapy

Physiotherapy is also called "physical therapy". It attempts to treat what limits a person's abilities to move and do things in their daily life.

It is the treatment of disease, injury, deformity or disability to improve the quality of life. Physiotherapists use exercise, hands-on techniques (including manual therapy, dry needling and trigger point therapy), patient education and various other methods.

Physiotherapists are well known for their treatment of musculoskeletal injuries such as ankle sprains, muscle injuries and tendon pain. Musculoskeletal physiotherapists are often clinic-based, however are often also working with sporting teams and also work in hospitals.

However, physiotherapists are also crucial for many conditions that you may not have realised. neurophysiotherapy plays an important role in the recovery of neurological conditions such as stroke patients and traumatic brain injury patients. Physios also play an important role in cardiopulmonary rehabilitation, such as after heart surgery and in respiratory conditions such as emphysema.

Physios also play a major role in treating children, including those with cerebral palsy, muscular dystrophy, Down syndrome, and other chromosome-related conditions.

Benefits of Physiotherapy 

 Reducing or eliminating pain – therapeutic exercises and manual therapy techniques such as mobilization of joints and soft tissue or treatments such as ultrasound, taping, or electrical stimulation to relieve pain and restore muscle and joint function to reduce pain can help. This type of treatment can also prevent the pain from coming back.
 Sports injury recovery and prevention: Many sports can put you at greater risk for certain types of injuries, and physical therapists know this (such as stress fractures for distance runners). They will be able to help you create a rehabilitation or preventive workout plan that will help you return to your sport safely.
 Manage age related issues: Some age related issues like rheumatoid arthritis (RA), sciatica, osteoporosis, dementia, knee replacement, neck pain, back pain etc can be easily treated by physiotherapy.
 Avoiding surgery
 Recovery from stroke or Paralysis
 Improved balance

References 

 Physio

Medicine
List of dances

List of dances:

A
Allemande

B
Ballet
Bhangra
Belly dance
Breakdance
Bharatnatyam

C
Can-can
Capoeira
Cha-cha-cha
Clog dance
Courante

D
Disco

F
Flamenco
Foxtrot

G
Gigue

H
Hula
Hiphop

I
Irish dance

J
Japanese traditional dance
Jig
Jive (dance)

K
Kathak
Kathakali

L
Line dance

M
Manipuri dance
Mazurka
Minuet
Modern dance
Moonwalk

P
Paso doble

Q
Quickstep

R
Rain dance

S
Salsa
Samba
Sarabande
Sequence dance
Street dance
Striptease

T
Tango
Tarantella
Twist (dance)
Tap dancing

V
Viennese waltz
Vogue

W
Waltz (International)

Lists
Kesennuma, Miyagi

Kesennuma  is a Japanese city. It is part of Miyagi Prefecture. Kesennuma is in the northeastern part of the prefecture and faces two coasts: the Pacific coast, and Sanriku coast. Kesennuma borders the town of Minamisanriku to the south. Across the border to the north in Iwate Prefecture, it borders the cities of Ofunato and Rikuzentakata.

The city was heavily damaged on March 11, 2011 by the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami and by large fires. Between 1 March and 31 August 2011, many people left Kesennuma. The population went down by about 2,500 people, or 5%.

Damage on March 11, 2011

Sister cities and friendship agreements
  Ichinoseki, Iwate Prefecture: Sister city agreement on May 1, 1997.
   Kurihara, Miyagi Prefecture
  Meguro, Tokyo. Kesennuma is a major producer of a mackerel fish called sanma. Meguro holds a large Sanma Festival each year. Kesennuma and Meguro became sister cities at that festival on September 18, 2010.
  Puntarenas, Costa Rica
  Zhoushan, People's Republic of China
  Jilin, Changyi District, People's Republic of China
  Seattle and Kesennuma have a sister port relationship.

References 

Cities in Japan
Settlements in Miyagi Prefecture
Volkswagen Transporter

The Volkswagen Transporter is a range of vans and minibuses produced by Volkswagen since 1950. Before 1990 they were air-cooled with the engine in the rear, after 1990 the engine was moved to the front and water-cooled.

First Generation (T1) 

They are often painted bright colors. They are also called the Transporter, Kombi, Bus (US) or Camper (UK).

German production stopped after the 1967 model year; however, the T1 still was made in Brazil until 1975.

Second Generation (T2) 

In late 1967, the second generation of the Volkswagen Type 2 (T2) was introduced. It was built in West Germany until 1979. In Mexico, the Volkswagen Kombi and Panel were produced from 1970 to 1994. Models before 1971 are often called the T2a (or "Early Bay"), while models after 1972 are called the T2b (or "Late Bay").

Front wheel drive vehicles
Buses
Vans
Transporter
Kett's Rebellion

Kett's Rebellion was a fight in Norfolk during the reign of Edward VI of England. The rebellion was led by Robert Kett of Wymondham, Norfolk. It started in July 1549.

Kett's Rebellion started in Wymondham after a small group of peasants (poor people) got together to protest against barons, who had stolen the common land, leaving the poor people to die of hunger. The leader was Robert Kett. The peasants marched 16 kilometres into Norwich and gathered on Mousehold Heath. They attracted the support of the poorer people of Norwich.

Hundreds of peasants were killed and 300 were captured and executed in Norwich. Robert Kett was captured, held in the Tower of London and then hanged at Norwich Castle on 7 December 1549.

1549
Rebellions in Europe
16th century in England
16th century rebellions
1540s in Europe
Earth Day

Earth Day is a day that is supposed to inspire more awareness and appreciation for the Earth's natural environment. It takes place each year on April 22. It now takes place in more than 193 countries around the world.  During Earth Day, the world encourages everyone to turn off all unwanted lights. On Earth day we should give something to our mother land like we can plant trees.

History  
It was founded by United States Senator Gaylord Nelson as an environmental teach-in first held on April 22, 1970. U Thant, the Secretary-General of United Nations at that time, has recognized it. While the first Earth Day focused on the United States, The EPA ( Enviromental Protection Agency), launched by Denis Hayes, who was the original national coordinator in 1970, took it international in 1990 and organized events in 141 countries. Its name and concept were created by John McConnell in 1960 at a UNESCO conference in San Francisco.

Related pages
 Earth phase
 Environmentalism
 Spaceship Earth
 World Environment Day
 World Population Day
 Greenwashing

References

Other websites

Holidays
Parable of the Barren Fig Tree

The Parable of the Barren Fig Tree (Luke 13:6–9) written in the New Testament is a parable of Jesus.  It is a parable about a fig tree which does not produce fruit, unlike the parable of the budding fig tree.

What Jesus said 
Then he told this parable:

What it means
The owner of the vineyard represents God.  The fig tree is a symbol for Jerusalem (and also for Jesus's church).  The vineyard where the tree was planted is the earth.  The tree was meant to bear the good fruit of the Holy Spirit and the gardener (vinedresser) is Jesus. Fig trees are often planted in vineyards.

The parable indicates Jesus is giving his hearers one last chance to repent their sins. "These three years" refers to the period of his ministry on earth. The parable is connected to the miracle of cursing the fig tree. Richard Whately commented that this parable "is one which our Lord may be said to have put before his hearers twice; once in words, once in action."

Related pages
 Figs in the Bible

References

Barren Fig Tree
Parable of the Budding Fig Tree

The Parable of the Budding Fig Tree is a parable of Jesus.  It is written in the New Testament in Matthew 24:32-35, Mark 13:28-31 and Luke 21:29-33.  The parable compares the Kingdom of God with a budding fig tree, the opposite of the barren fig tree.

What Jesus said
He told them this parable:

What it means
This eschatological parable follows the Olivet discourse in Luke 21:5-28 (and Matthew 24 and Mark 13).  New buds appear on the branches of trees when Winter ends.  The buds open into blossoms and green leaves in Spring.  Fruit starts to appear as Summer arrives.  When  the signs of the end of the age start to happen, it means Jesus will return soon.

References

Budding Fig Tree
Christian eschatology
Counting the cost

Counting the cost is the name of a pair of parables Jesus told.  The two parables are written in the New Testament in Luke 14:25-33.

What Jesus said
Large crowds were travelling with Jesus, and turning to them he said:

What it means
The disciples of Jesus gave up everything they had for the kingdom of God, even their lives.  To follow "God's salvific aim" meant to put family and possessions in second place. Christians believe the cost of being a disciple is worth the promised rewards.

References

Parables of Jesus
Parable of Drawing in the Net

The Parable of Drawing in the Net is a parable of Jesus written in the New Testament in Matthew 13:47–52.  It is a parable about the final judgment.  It is the seventh and last parable in the chapter which began with the Parable of the Sower.

What Jesus said
The parable:

What it means
It is, like The Tares and the Wheat and The Sheep and the Goats, a parable about the final judgment. Here, the edible fish must be separated from the inedible fish after they caught with a net.

Four of his disciples were fishermen and Jesus spoke using imagery they understood. Because it is a parable about the end of the age, a modern interpretation can be considered, with the net representing the Internet. Jesus's next words about old and new treasures indicated he did have in mind a future time.  At that time, "true teachers of the kingdom display the kingdom's treasure for all to see."

References

Drawing in the Net, Parable of
Parable of the Faithful Servant

The Parable of the Faithful Servant (or Parable of the Door Keeper) is a parable of Jesus written in the New Testament in Matthew 24:42-51, Mark 13:34-37, and Luke 12:35-48.

What Jesus said
The parable:

What it means
The parable immediately precedes the Parable of the Ten Virgins in the Matthew 25.  It means "be prepared and remain alert." The exact time of Jesus' Second Coming is unknown.

The bridegroom is Jesus Christ.  The wedding banquet is his wedding banquet.  The advice is for the church, his bride, while she waits for him.  He has chosen her.  "That privilege brings responsibility and that responsibility entails accountability."  Priests will be judged more severely than pagans who never heard of Jesus.

References

Faithful Servant, Parable of the
Parable of the Friend at Night

The Parable of the Friend at Night (Importunate Neighbour), is a parable of Jesus written in the New Testament in Luke 11:5-8.  A man refuses to help his neighbour during an emergency at midnight.  His neighbour persists in asking until he changes his mind.

What Jesus said
The parable:

Based on the Parable of the Ten Virgins, the unexpected arrival of the neighbour's guest at midnight could mean it is Jesus himself.

What it means
Jesus told this parable after he taught his disciples how to pray the Lord's Prayer. 
  The parable is therefore an incentive to pray.  The parable of the Unjust Judge has a similar meaning.

Depictions
The most famous depiction of this parable is The Importunate Neighbour (1895) by William Holman Hunt, kept at the National Gallery of Victoria, Australia.

References

Friend at Night, Parable of the
Onon River

The Onon gol (Mongolian: Онон гол, Russian: Онон) is a river in Mongolia and Russia. It is 818 km long. Its watershed is 94,010 km2. It starts at the Khentii Mountains, on the Eastern slopes. 298 km of the river is in Mongolia. It has a confluence (the place where two rivers join together) with the Ingoda River. When they meet, it makes the Shilka River. People believe that Genghis Khan was born near the upper Onon and he grew up there. The rivers Onon—Shilka—Amur makes one of the world's ten longest rivers (their lengths, in order: 818 km, 560 km, 2,874 km).

Rivers of Russia
Entscheidungsproblem

The Entscheidungsproblem (German, "decision problem") is a famous problem of mathematics. David Hilbert formulated the problem in 1928: Is there an algorithm that will take a formal language, and a logical statement in that language, and that will output "True" or "False", depending on the truth value of the statement? The algorithm does not tell how it reaches the answer, nor prove it, as long as the answer is always correct.

In 1936 and 1937, Alonzo Church and Alan Turing showed independently, that there can be no answer to the Entscheidungsproblem. They showed that it is impossible for an algorithm to decide whether statements in arithmetic are true or false. For this reason, there can be no solution for the Entscheidungsproblem . This was proven by Alan Turings "Turing Machine" which was created in the 1930s.

Mathematical problems
Willie Dixon

William James "Willie" Dixon (July 1, 1915 – January 29, 1992) was an American blues musician, singer, songwriter and bass player. He was one of the founders of Chicago blues. He wrote a lot of songs which are still standards of Chicago blues. (i.e. "Little Red Rooster", "Hoochie Coochie Man", "Evil", "Spoonful", "Back Door Man", "I Just Want to Make Love to You", "I Ain't Superstitious", "My Babe", "Wang Dang Doodle", and "Bring It On Home") The songs are from the 1950s when Dixon worked as producer for Chess Records. He also played upright bass on many of the label's records.

Life
Dixon was born in Vicksburg, Mississippi on July 1, 1915. He learned the blues during his time on prison farms in Mississippi as an early-teenager. Dixon sang bass for  The Jubilee Singers, a local gospel group that was often in the program of the local radio station WQBC. He began to change poems he wrote into songs which he sold to local groups.

1936 he went to Chicago like many others from the Mississippi delta. There he begun boxing and won the Illinois State Golden Gloves Heavyweight Championship (Novice Division) in 1937. During his boxing time he met Leonard "Baby Doo" Caston, who convinced him to a musical career. Before the Second World War Dixon sang in different vocal groups. After the war he reunited with Caston and formed the "Big Three Trio".

Dixon signed with Chess Records as a recording artist but soon was involved in the record business. By 1951 he was producer, talent scout, session musician and staff songwriter. He worked with Chuck Berry, Muddy Waters, Howlin' Wolf, Otis Rush, Bo Diddley, Joe Louis Walker, Little Walter, Sonny Boy Williamson, Koko Taylor, Little Milton, Eddie Boyd, Jimmy Witherspoon, Lowell Fulson, Willie Mabon, Memphis Slim, Washboard Sam, Jimmy Rogers, and others. By his work with Chuck Berry he was a link between blues and early rock and roll.

From the late 1960s until the middle 1970s, Dixon ran his own record label, Yambo Records. He formed different all star bands which often went on tours in Europe. He also became an advocate for the blues. He founded the Blues Heaven Foundation. The Foundation preserves the blues legacy and secures copyrights and royalties for blues musicians who were often exploited in the past.

In the 1970s and 1980s his health became weaker and weaker because of his diabetes. Dixon died of heart failure in Burbank, California on January 29, 1992.

Honors
Blues Hall of Fame (1980)
Grammy (1989) for Hidden Charms
Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in the "early influences" (pre-rock) category (1994)

Discography

Reading
Dixon, Willie; Snowden, Don (1989). I Am the Blues. Da Capo Press. .

References

1915 births
1992 deaths
American blues singers
Musicians from Mississippi
Chicago blues musicians
People from Vicksburg, Mississippi
Legion of Honour

The Legion of Honour () is the highest French award.

It was established by Napoleon Bonaparte on 19 May 1802.

The Order is the highest decoration in France and is divided into five degrees: Chevalier (Knight), Officier (Officer), Commandeur (Commander), Grand Officier (Grand Officer) and Grand Croix (Grand Cross).

The order's motto is  ('Honour and Country'), and its seat is the Palais de la Légion d'Honneur on the left bank of the River Seine in Paris.

References 

France
 
1802 establishments
1800s establishments in Europe
19th-century establishments in France
Imperial College London

Imperial College London (IC) is a large university in central London. It specialises in business, engineering, medicine and science.

Imperial College was a constituent college of the University of London. It became fully independent in 2007, the 100th anniversary of its founding.

Imperial is among the best universities. It ranks 2nd in the 2015 QS World University Rankings and 9th in the 2015 Times Higher Education World University Rankings. Imperial ranked 22 in the 2014 Shanghai world rankings.

Imperial's faculty and alumni include 15 Nobel laureates, 2 Fields Medalists, 70 Fellows of the Royal Society, 82 Fellows of the Royal Academy of Engineering and 78 Fellows of the Academy of Medical Sciences.

Facilities 
Imperial's main campus is in the South Kensington area of Central London. It is on the boundary between the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea and the City of Westminster. Its main entrance is on Exhibition Road.

IC has a number of other campuses in Central London. With 525,233 square metres, it has the largest working estate of any higher education institution in the UK.

Imperial has around 14,700 full-time students and 3,330 academic and research staff. It had a total income of £694 million in 2009/10, of which £297 million was from research grants and contracts.

Imperial is ranked 26th in the world (and 5th in Europe) in the 2010 Academic Ranking of World Universities, 7th in the world (and 4th in Europe) in the 2010 QS World University Rankings, and 9th in the world (and 3rd in Europe) in the 2010 Times Higher Education World University Rankings.

There are currently 14 Nobel Prize winners and two Fields Medal winners amongst Imperial's alumni and current and former faculty.

Imperial is a member of the G5, the League of European Research Universities, Oak Ridge Associated Universities and the Russell Group. It forms part of the 'Golden Triangle' of British universities.

History 
Imperial was formed indirectly by Prince Albert. Under his guidance, the Crown bought land in South Kensington to establish educational and cultural institutions. The area was referred to as "Albertopolis" by sceptics. The area included the Natural History Museum, the Victoria and Albert Museum, the Science Museum, the Royal Albert Hall and the Imperial Institute. The Imperial Institute was opened by Queen Victoria, who laid the first brick.

References 
Annual Report and Accounts 2013–14. Imperial College London.  

Notes

Universities in London
Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea
1907 establishments in England
University of London

The University of London is a federal university made up of 31 affiliates: 19 separate university institutions, and 12 research institutes. 

Its headquarters, Senate House, is in Malet Street in the Bloomsbury area of Camden. This is near University College London and the British Museum.

The University of London is the largest university in the UK by number of full-time students, with 135,090 campus-based students and over 45,000 in the University of London International Programmes. 

The constituent colleges are responsible for the teaching, the research or the individual students and staff of the constituent colleges; the university is not.  The university is an administrative body responsible for standards, degree examinations and certification. 

The university was first established by a Royal Charter in 1836, which brought together in federation London University (now University College London) and King's College (now King's College London).

Graduates of the University of London may use the post-nominal letters 'Lond.' or 'Londin.' (both from Londiniensis) after their degree abbreviations.

The university's biggest colleges are Birkbeck, Goldsmiths, King's College London, the London Business School, Queen Mary, Royal Holloway, SOAS, LSE and UCL.

History

Founded in 1836, the University at first comprised just two colleges. They were University College London (founded in 1826), which did not apply religious tests to its students, and King's College (founded in 1829), which admitted only members of the Church of England. Therefore, both University College and King's pre-date the University of London, which initially served solely as an examining body for the constituent colleges.

In 1858 the University expanded its role by offering the University of London International Programmes to candidates outside the colleges, the first of its kind in the country. A new headquarters at 6 Burlington Gardens, providing the university with exam halls and offices, was built to accommodate the new role. 

In 1878 the University became the first university in the UK to admit women on equal terms with men. Four female students obtained Bachelor of Arts degrees in 1880 and two obtained Bachelor of Science degrees in 1881, again the first in the country.

References 

1836 establishments
1830s establishments in England
Universities in London
London Borough of Camden
Friedrich III of Germany

Friedrich Wilhelm Nikolaus Karl von Hohenzollern   (New Palace, Potsdam 18 October 1831 - New Palace, Potsdam 15 June 1888) was the only son of Wilhelm I.

After his father's death on 9 March 1888 Friedrich Wilhelm became King of Prussia and German Emperor as Friedrich III, but he was already suffering from throat cancer and died after just 99 days on the throne.

On 25 January 1858 he married Princess Victoria of the United Kingdom, eldest child of Queen Victoria and Albert the Prince Consort. They had seven children. The oldest, Friedrich Wilhelm, followed him as King and Emperor.

Friedrich Wilhelm III died of throat cancer in Potsdam. He is buried next to his wife in the Mausoleum of the Friedenskirche in Sanssouci Park, Potsdam.

References 

1831 births
1888 deaths
Cancer deaths in Germany
Crown Princes and Princesses of Prussia
Deaths from throat cancer
German emperors
House of Hohenzollern
Kings and Queens of Prussia
People from Potsdam
King's College London

King's College London (King's or KCL) is a large university in London, and a college of the federal University of London.

University College London (1826) was founded before it. However, King's (1829) was the third oldest university in England to get its royal charter.

In 1836 King's became, with University College, one of the two founding colleges of the University of London.

King's is arranged into nine Schools of Study, spread across four Thames-side campuses in central London and one in Denmark Hill, South London.

King's is one of the largest centres for graduate and post-graduate medical teaching and biomedical research in Europe. It is home to six Medical Research Council centres, the most of any British university.

King's has around 18,600 full-time students and 5,030 staff and had a total income of £508 million in 2009/10, of which £144 million was from research grants and contracts.

There are 12 Nobel Prize winners amongst King's alumni and former faculty. King's is ranked 5th nationally and 19th in the world in the 2015 QS World University Rankings, 7th nationally and 27th in the world in the 2015 The Times Higher Education World University Rankings and 7th nationally and 55th in the world in the 2015 Academic Ranking of World Universities. In September 2010, The Sunday Times selected King's as its "University of the Year".
King's is a member of the European University Association and the Russell Group. It forms part of the 'Golden Triangle' of British universities.

References 

Universities in London
City of Westminster
1829 establishments in Europe
1820s establishments in England
Ganggangsullae

Ganggangsullae (Hangul: 강강술래) is a 5,000-year-old traditional Korean dance. It was first used to bring a good harvest and has become a cultural symbol for Korea. The females in Jeollanam-do usually dance this the most. Chuseok, the Korean style holiday a bit like the American Thanksgiving, is often known as the special day for this dance.

History 
The dance is thought to have come from about 5,000 years ago when the Koreans believed that the Sun, Moon, and Earth controlled the world. The people (almost always girls in hanboks) would dance under the brightest full moon of the year in order to bring a good harvest.

In the 16th century, when the Japanese were attacking Korea, Korea's Admiral Yi Sun-sin ordered women to do this dance. He told them to do this because he wanted to trick the Japanese into overestimating them. The women were said to have worn military uniforms and danced on Mount Okmae (옥매산).

On February 15, 1966, ganggangsullae was included in the list of the Important Intangible Cultural Properties of Korea #8.

Description 

Traditionally, this dance performed without any instruments. Young and old women dance in a circle at night under the moonlight. They go outside in hanbok, traditional Korean clothing, hold hands, make a circle, and start rotating clockwise. The lead singer sings a line. Then, the rest of the people all sing, 'ganggangsullae'. Then the lead singer sings another line, and the rest of the people reply, 'ganggangsullae'. This is probably where the name of the song came from. As the dance continues, the tempo of the song can get faster. They sing about their personal hardships, relationships, and wants. During the dance, the women also play some  games. The ganggangsullae can last until dawn.

References

Related pages
 Pungmul

Dances
Easter Bilby

The Easter Bilby is an Australian alternative to the Easter Bunny. Bilbies are an endangered species of Australian marsupials. Bilby shaped chocolates are sold in many Australian shops to raise money to help protect the bilbies. 

Author Rose-Marie Dusting wrote a book in 1979 called Billy, the Aussie Easter Bilby. Some of the money from each book sold goes to helping the bilbies.

The Foundation for Rabbit-Free Australia began to use the Easter Bilby concept in 1991. They wanted to show the damage that rabbits do to the Australian environment. The ideas was taken up by an Easter egg company, Darrell Lea. They give a portion of their profits to the foundation.

Australian children's book author and illustrator Irena Sibley produced three Easter Bilby books between 1994 and 2000 including the best selling The Bilbies' First Easter.

References

Easter traditions
Australian culture
John Richard Hicks

Sir John Richard Hicks (8 April 1904 – 20 May 1989) was a British economist. He contributed to the fields of consumer demand theory in microeconomics. In 1937, he developed the IS/LM model  which summarizes a Keynesian view of macroeconomics.  His book Value and Capital (1939) significantly extended general-equilibrium and value theory.  The compensated demand function is named the Hicksian demand function in memory of him.

He was made a Knight Bachelor in 1964.

In 1972 he received the Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences (jointly)  for his pioneering contribution to general equilibrium theory and welfare theory.

Hicks died on 20 May 1989 at his home in the Cotswold village of Blockley at the age of 85.

References

1904 births
1989 deaths
British economists
Chuck E. Cheese

Chuck E. Cheese is a franchise of arcades and restaurants. Their restaurants have small rides, pizza (a central focus), and arcade / skill games. It was previously called Chuck E. Cheese's Pizza Time Theatre (1977–1991).

In most of their stores, they operate animatronic robot characters which sing songs and play instruments.

Created in 1977 in San Jose, California by Atari founder Nolan Bushnell, it started out as Chuck E. Cheese's Pizza Time Theatre. In 1984, CEC got bought out by Then-competitor ShowBiz Pizza Place from Topeka, Kansas and changed their corporate name to "ShowBiz Pizza Time". In 1989, Brock Hotel Management(then owners of SPT) sold it's "Monterrey's Tex-Mex Cafe" brand to them and spun off SPT into a separate company. In 1991, all ShowBiz and Pizza Time stores re-branded as "Chuck E. Cheese's Pizza" and in 1998 SPT changed their corporate name to "CEC Entertainment". In 1999, CECE bought out their primary competitor, Discovery Zone and in 2014 they bought the "Peter Piper's Pizza" chain. In 2013, CECE got bought by Apollo Global Management as was / is put up for sale.

CECE's headquarters are in Irving, Texas and have 590 CEC store locations worldwide.

In September 2020, it was announced that Chuck E. Cheese is developing a live-action movie and an animated television series.

References

1977 establishments in  the United States
1970s establishments in California
American fast food restaurants
Companies based in Texas
San Jose, California
Rob Halford

Robert John Arthur "Rob" Halford (born 25 August 1951) is an English singer-songwriter. He was born in Sutton Coldfield and raised in Walsall. He is best known as the lead vocalist for the Grammy Award-winning heavy metal band Judas Priest. He is nicknamed "Metal God". He is also credited as being the first openly gay mainstream heavy metal star when he came out as gay in 1998.

Rob almost exclusively now works with producer Mike Exeter when creating new music having met him whilst working on the Redeemer of Souls album with Judas Priest.

Discography

Judas Priest
 Rocka Rolla  (1974)
 Sad Wings of Destiny  (1976)
 Sin After Sin  (1977)
 Stained Class  (1978)
 Killing Machine  (1978) (released as Hell Bent for Leather in the USA 1979)
 British Steel  (1980)
 Point of Entry  (1981)
 Screaming for Vengeance  (1982)
 Defenders of the Faith  (1984)
 Turbo  (1986)
 Ram It Down  (1988)
 Painkiller  (1990)
 Angel of Retribution (2005)
 Nostradamus (2008)
 Redeemer of Souls (2014)

Fight
K5 – The War of Words Demos (1992) (released in 2007)
War of Words (1993)
Mutations (1994)
A Small Deadly Space (1995)

2wo
Voyeurs (1998)

Halford
Resurrection (2000)
Live Insurrection (2001)
Crucible (2002)
Halford III: Winter Songs (2009)
Live in Anaheim (2010) (recorded in 2003)
Halford IV: Made of Metal (2010)

References

Other websites
Official website

1951 births
Living people
English LGBT people
Gay men
LGBT musicians
Musicians from Birmingham
Musicians from Staffordshire
Garden State Parkway

The Garden State Parkway (or Garden State Pkwy) is a toll highway (which means that people must pay to drive on it) that goes through New Jersey from the south end of the state at Cape May to the north end of the state at Montvale, New Jersey. It is 172.4 miles long, and in 2008, was reported to be the busiest toll highway in the United States.

References

Roads in the United States
Transport in New Jersey
Josh Hamilton

Joshua Holt Hamilton (born May 21, 1981, in Raleigh, North Carolina) is an American professional baseball player who is currently a free agent. He has played for the Cincinnati Reds, Texas Rangers, and Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim of Major League Baseball (MLB). In the 2010 season he was named American League MVP. He chose to play for the Angels after they offered him a 5-year contract, worth $125 million.

On April 27, 2015, the Angels traded Hamilton back to the Rangers.

References

Other websites

1981 births
American baseball players
Cincinnati Reds players
Living people
Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim players
Sportspeople from Raleigh, North Carolina
Texas Rangers players
Run batted in

Runs batted in or RBI is a statistic used in baseball and softball to credit a batter when the outcome of his at bat results in a run being scored, except in certain situations such as when an error is made on the play.

Major League Baseball Rules
The official rulebook of Major League Baseball states in Rule 10.04:

Baseball statistics
Base on balls

A base on balls (BB) is given to a batter and against a pitcher in baseball statistics when a batter receives four pitches that the umpire calls balls. It is also known as a walk.

Intentional base on balls
Another version of base on balls is called intentional base on balls (IBB) or intentional walk. This is when the pitcher deliberately pitches the ball away from the batter in order to issue a base on balls. As with any other walk, an intentional walk entitles the batter to first base without being able to be put out, and entitles any runners to advance if forced. Intentional walks are a strategic defensive maneuver, usually done to bypass one hitter for one the defensive team believes is less likely to initiate a run-scoring play (e.g., a home run, sacrifice fly, or RBI base hit), or to set up a double play or force out situation for the next batter. They do carry an inherent risk, however, as they give the offensive team another runner on base, without any effort on their part, who could potentially score a run.

Baseball rules
Martin St. Louis

Martin St. Louis (; born June 18, 1975) is a Canadian professional ice hockey right winger. He played in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the Calgary Flames, Tampa Bay Lightning and the New York Rangers as well as the HC Lausanne of the National League A (NLA).

St. Louis played college hockey at the University of Vermont for the Catamounts where he also played on the same team as former Boston Bruins goaltender Tim Thomas and former NHL player Éric Perrin. He has also played 2 seasons with the Calgary Flames and 13 seasons with the Tampa Bay Lightning.

On March 5, 2014, the Lightning traded St. Louis to the New York Rangers for New York captain Ryan Callahan, a 2015 first-round draft pick, and a conditional 2014 second-round pick.

St. Louis is married to his wife Heather Coragol and they have three sons, Ryan, Lucas and Mason.

Awards 
He was named to the ECAC All-Rookie Team in 1994.
He was named to the ECAC All-Conference Team in 1994.
He was named to the ECAC All-Star Team in 1995.
He was named the ECAC Player of the Year in 1995.
He was named to the NCAA East First All-American Team in 1995.
He was named to the ECAC All-Star Team in 1996.
He was named to the NCAA East First All-American Team in 1996
He was named to the NCAA Championship All-Tournament Team in 1996..
He was named to the ECAC All-Star Team in 1997.
He was named to the NCAA East First All-American Team in 1997.
He played in 6 NHL All-Star Games in 2003, 2004, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2011.
He won the Bud Light Plus/Minus Award with co-winner with Marek Malik in 2004.
He was named to the NHL First All-Star as a RW in 2004.
He won the Art Ross Memorial Trophy in 2004.
He won the Lester B. Pearson Award in 2004.
He won the Hart Memorial Trophy in 2004.
He won the Stanley Cup in 2004 with the Tampa Bay Lightning.
He was named to the NHL Second All-Star RW in 2007 and 2010.
He won the Lady Byng Memorial Trophy in 2010.

References

Other websites 

1975 births
American Hockey League players
Art Ross Trophy winners
Calgary Flames players
Canadian ice hockey right wingers
Canadian Olympic gold medalists
Hart Memorial Trophy winners
Ice hockey people from Quebec
Living people
New York Rangers players
Stanley Cup champions
Tampa Bay Lightning players
International Hockey League (1945–2001) players
Campden tablets

Campden tablets are used by people making their own beer, wine, or cider. The tablets kill yeast, making better yeast to be added later for better drinks. 5 of them in 1 pint of water makes a cleaning liquid that can be used to clean the equipment. They are made from sulfur. They were invented in Gloucestershire in the 1920s, but Boots Co. made them better. They can also be used to get rid of chlorine in tap water, making it safer to drink. 

Beer
Wine