cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Barron Hilton

William Barron Hilton (October 23, 1927 – September 19, 2019) was an American business magnate, socialite, and hotel heir.

He was the son and successor of hotel pioneer Conrad Hilton. He created a record in business and philanthropy that mirrored the success of his famous father.

He was the retired chairman, president and chief executive officer of Hilton Hotels Corporation, and chairman emeritus of the Conrad N. Hilton Foundation. Hilton was also a founding partner of the American Football League and the original owner of the San Diego Chargers.

Hilton died at his Bel-Air, Los Angeles home on September 19, 2019 of natural causes at the age of 91.

References

1927 births
2019 deaths
Deaths from natural causes in the United States
Disease-related deaths in Los Angeles
American philanthropists
American billionaires
Humanitarians
Businesspeople from Los Angeles
Businesspeople from Dallas, Texas
Machine learning

Machine learning gives computers the ability to learn without being explicitly programmed (Arthur Samuel, 1959). It is a subfield of computer science.

The idea came from work in artificial intelligence. Machine learning explores the study and construction of algorithms which can learn and make predictions on data. Such algorithms follow programmed instructions, but can also make predictions or decisions based on data. They build a model from sample inputs.

Machine learning is done where designing and programming explicit algorithms cannot be done. Examples include spam filtering, detection of network intruders or malicious insiders working towards a data breach, optical character recognition (OCR), search engines and computer vision.

Using machine learning has risks. Some algorithms create a final model which is a black box. Models have been criticized for biases in hiring, criminal justice, and recognizing faces.

References 

Artificial intelligence
Learning
Arrondissements of the Meurthe-et-Moselle department

There are 4 arrondissements in the Meurthe-et-Moselle department. The French departments, and in other countries, are divided into arrondissements, which may be translated into English as districts (in some cases, as boroughs). The capital of an arrondissement is called a subprefecture.

If the prefecture (capital) of the department is in an arrondissement, that prefecture is the capital of the arrondissement, acting both as a prefecture and as a subprefecture.

Arrondissements are further divided into communes.

The arrondissements of Meurthe-et-Moselle are:

History
Since its creation om 1871, the Meurthe-et-Moselle department has had few changes:
 1871 : creation of the department with four arrondissements: Briey, Lunéville, Toul and Nancy.
 1926 : the arrondissement of Toul was eliminated.
 1943 : Toul was made again an arrondissement.

Related pages
List of arrondissements of France

References

Meurthe-et-Moselle
Indian Act

The Indian  Act ("An Act respecting Indians"), is a Canadian statute that concerns registered Indians, their bands, and the system of Indian reserves. It was first passed in 1876 and is still in force with amendments. It is the primary document which governs how the Canadian state interacts with the 614 First Nation bands in Canada and their members.  Throughout its long history, the Act has been an ongoing source of controversy. It has been interpreted in many ways by both aboriginal and non-aboriginal Canadians.  The legislation has been amended many times, including "over twenty major changes" made by 2002.

References 

Law
1876
19th century in Canada
Mark-Paul Gosselaar

Mark-Paul Gosselaar (born March 1, 1974) is an American actor. He is well-known for his roles on television. He played Zack Morris on Saved by the Bell. He also played the detective John Clark on ABC's NYPD Blue.

Gosselaar was born in the Los Angeles area of California.

References

American television actors
American movie actors
Actors from Los Angeles
1974 births
Living people
École nationale supérieure des mines d'Albi-Carmaux

École nationale supérieure des mines d'Albi-Carmaux is a renowned graduate engineering school in France. It is in a campus of the Toulouse Tech (Southern France).

Its different curricula lead to the following French & European degrees :
 Ingénieur Mines Albi (Mines Albi Graduate engineer Masters level program)
 PhD doctorate studies
 Mastères Spécialisés (MS)

Academic activities and industrial applied research are performed mainly in French and English languages. Students from a dozen of nationalities participate to the different curricula at Mines Albi.

Research labs 
Research activities at Mines Albi relate to the following topics:
 Renewable energies, biomass and eco-activities
 Powders, health and nutrition
 Materials and processes for aeronautics and space
 Business process improvement

References

Further reading 

 Official website

Technical colleges and universities in France
1993 establishments in France
Lady Jane Grey (poem)

"Lady Jane Grey" is an English epic poem by Francis Hodgson. It was published in 1809. It tells about the life and death of Lady Jane Grey.

The hero 
Jane Grey, known as The Nine Days Queen, was a great-granddaughter of the king Henry VII, father of Henry VIII. When Henry VIII's son and successor Edward VI died, the crown of England was offered to her. She was however soon put in prison by Queen Mary I of England, called Bloody Mary. She was sentenced to death. She had her head cut off in the Tower of London. She was seventeen years old at the time.

The author 
Francis Hodgson was an English romantic poet. He was born in 1781. He was a friend of Lord Byron. He was known as a translator. He translated into English many works by Roman poets. He died in 1852.

The form 
The poem is written in iambic pentameter put in heroic couplets. Such form was typical for English poetry in 18th century.

Through these low grounds of sorrow, toil and strife,
As runs the troubled stream of human life,
Why should the poor laborious crowd repine?
For wealth, for honour, lovely Jane were thine,
Yet my sad tale examplifies in thee,
How equal are our shares of misery
Or in the highest, or the humblest lot,
The king's proud palace, or the straw-roof'd cot.

Reviews 
The poem was reviewed in The Satirist: Or, Monthly Meteor and The Anti-Jacobin Review and Magazine Or Monthly Political and Literary Censor.

References

Bibliography 
 Lady Jane Grey, a Tale in Two Books with Miscellanneous Poems in English and Latin by Francis Hodgson, London 1809.

Epic poems
Chigger

A chigger is a small, parasitic mite which lives in tall grass. It is a member of a larger family known as the Trombiculidae. 

The species of Trombiculidae which bite in their larval stage cause "intense irritation", or "a wheal, usually with severe itching and dermatitis". 

Their color can range from bright red to brown. Chiggers are almost too small to see with the naked eye, so checking grass for them is near impossible. Chigger bites appear 2-3 hours after a host is bitten, and can last for a few weeks. They bite in hot, moist places, such as the armpits, under the knees, and the genitals.

Trombiculidae live in forests and grasslands and in low, damp areas such as woodlands, berry bushes, orchards, along lakes and streams. It does live in drier places, such as lawns, golf courses, and parks. They are most numerous in early summer when grass, weeds, and other vegetation are heaviest. 

In their larval stage they attach to various animals and feed on skin, often causing itching. 

The best known species of chigger in North America is the hard-biting Trombicula alfreddugesi of the southeastern United States, humid midwest and Mexico. In the UK, the most common chigger, the "harvest mite", is Trombicula autumnalis. It lives through Western Europe to Eastern Asia.

References 

Arachnids
Parasites
Charles Zwick

Charles John Zwick (July 17, 1926 – April 20, 2018) was an American civil servant. He served as director of the United States' Office of Management and Budget from January 29, 1968 until January 21, 1969 under the administration of Lyndon B. Johnson.

Zwick died of cancer on April 20, 2018 in Coral Gables, Florida at the age of 91.

References

1926 births
2018 deaths
Cancer deaths in Florida
American economists
Directors of the Office of Management and Budget
People from Connecticut
US Democratic Party politicians
Series and parallel circuits

Two types of electrical circuits are the series circuit, and the parallel circuit.

Series Circuit

In a series circuit, the electrical current is only able to flow around a single path. The current will flow from a power source, such as a battery, into one or more electrical loads, such as a light bulb, and then back to the power source. In a series circuit, the same amount of amperage from the power source flows through each load. The Voltage in a series circuit is divided up across all of the loads. If one of the loads on a series circuit stops working, the current will not be able to flow through the rest of the circuit, and the rest of the loads will also stop working.

Parallel circuit

In a parallel circuit, the electrical current may flow along multiple paths before returning to the power source. The Voltage in a parallel circuit is the same across all of the loads in the circuit. In a parallel circuit, the amperage is divided up across all of the loads. If one of the loads in a parallel circuit stops working, the other loads in parallel will be able to continue to work."Potential difference is the same across all the component.In simpler terms identical bulbs connected in parallel will all be at the same brightness."-Alvin
Electricity
Assassination of Andrei Karlov

On 19 December 2016, Russian diplomat Andrei Karlov was shot dead during an exhibition in Ankara, Turkey. He was shot dead by an assailant who was angry about Russian involvement in Syria and the deaths of civilians in Aleppo.

References 

2016 in Asia
2010s murders in Asia
Ankara
Crime in Turkey
December 2016 events
Murder in 2016
Murders by firearm
Terrorist incidents in 2016
Terrorist incidents in Asia in the 2010s
Chromebook

A Chromebook is a laptop that uses the Linux-based Chrome OS as its operating system. 

It uses the internet. Most applications and data are in the "cloud". A Chromebook is an example of a thin client. It is a lightweight computer which uses remote access to a server. It depends heavily on another computer (its server) to do its computation.

In March 2018, Acer and Google announced the creation of the first Chromebook tablet: the Chromebook Tab 10. This device was to compete with the market for discount Apple iPad tablets in the education market. The Tab 10 screen (9.7 inches, 2048 x 1536 resolution) was identical to that of the iPad. The device includes a stylus. Neither device included a keyboard.

In March 2020, following the COVID-19 pandemic, many schools used Chromebooks to do school online, and put apps onto it like Google Meet and Zoom. 30 million Chromebooks were bought by schools in 2020 alone because of it. Some schools used iPads, but they cost too much money for some schools.

References 

Laptops
Google
Gavialis

Gavialis is a genus of crocodylians that includes the living gharial Gavialis gangeticus and several extinct species.

Gharials
Andrei Karlov

Andrei Gennadyevich Karlov (; 4 February 1954 – 19 December 2016) was a Russian diplomat. He served as the Russian Ambassador to Turkey from 12 July 2013 until his death. He also served as Russia's ambassador to North Korea from 9 July 2001 to 20 December 2006. He was born in Moscow.

Karlov, 62, was shot and killed on 19 December 2016 in Ankara, Turkey. His killer, 22-year-old Mevlüt Mert Altıntaş, was killed by security forces.

References

1954 births
2016 deaths
Ambassadors of Russia
Assassinated people
Murders by firearm
Russian murder victims
Russian politicians
Mattel

Mattel is an American multinational toy company. It was founded in 1945.

The company makes products and brands, like American Girl dolls, Barbie dolls, Fisher-Price toys, Thomas & Friends trains and Hot Wheels toys. 

In 2014, it ranked #403 on the Fortune 500 list. It is the largest toy maker in terms of revenue.

References

Companies based in California
1945 establishments in the United States
Toy companies
2016 United States presidential election in Florida

The 2016 United States presidential election in Florida was held on 8 November 2016. It was part of the 2016 United States presidential election, in which all other states plus the District of Columbia voted.

On 15 March 2016, the state also voted for who they wanted to be the nominee of their respective parties.

Presidential

Polling 
Below is a table with the polling results in Florida. Florida has not voted Republican in the general election since 2008.

Results

Caucuses

Democratic 

The Democratic caucus occurred on 15 March 2016.

Republican 

The Republican caucus occurred on 1 March 2016.

Related pages
 Democratic Party presidential primaries, 2016
 Republican Party presidential primaries, 2016

References

Other websites 
 RNC 2016 Republican Nominating Process 
 Green papers for 2016 primaries, caucuses, and conventions
 2016 Presidential primaries , ElectionProjection.com
 Interactive Map, 2016 Florida Primary Election Results - ap.com
 Decision Desk Headquarter Results for Florida 

2016 United States presidential election by state
2010s in Florida
2016 United States presidential election in New Jersey

The 2016 United States presidential election in New Jersey was held on 8 November 2016. It was part of the 2016 United States presidential election, in which all other states plus the District of Columbia voted.

On 7 June 2016, the state also voted for who they wanted to be the nominee of their respective parties.

Presidential

Polling 
Below is a table with the polling results in New Jersey. New Jersey has voted Democrat in every general election since 1992.

Results

Caucuses

Democratic 

The Democratic caucus occurred on 7 June 2016.

Republican 

The Republican caucus occurred on 7 June 2016.

Related pages

 Democratic Party presidential primaries, 2016
 Republican Party presidential primaries, 2016

References 

2016 United States presidential election by state
2016 Berlin truck attack

On 19 December 2016 at 20:02 Central European Time, a truck rammed into a crowd of people at a Christmas market in Charlottenburg, Berlin, Germany. This killed 12 people and injured 49 others. The original driver of the truck was found shot dead in the passenger seat. 

The Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant claimed responsibility for the terrorist attack. The perpatrator was Anis Amri, a Tunisian asylum seeker. On 23 December 2016, Amri was shot dead by an Italian police officer in Sesto San Giovanni, Lombardy. German police later confirmed that Amri's fingerprints were the same as those in the truck.

Attack 
The truck that was involved, a Scania semi-trailer truck, was owned by a Polish company named Usługi Transportowe Ariel Żurawski. The truck was transporting steel beams to Berlin.

The original truck driver, Lukasz Urban, is believed to have been killed by the perpetrator. He was stabbed and shot in the head. On 19 December 2016, at 20:02 local time, the truck drove through a Christmas market. This killed 12 people. The truck drove 50–80 metres (160–260 ft) and destroyed many booths. Some witnesses saw the driver leave the truck and run towards Tiergarten.

Reactions 
Czech Finance Minister Andrej Babiš said "Unfortunately... [Angela Merkel's open-door migration] policy is responsible for this dreadful act. It was she who let migrants enter Germany and the whole of Europe in uncontrolled waves, without papers, therefore without knowing who they really are." Marcus Pretzell, husband of AfD leader Frauke Petry, tweeted: "When will the German state of law strike back? When will this cursed hypocrisy finally stop? These are Merkel's dead! #Nice #Berlin."

Muslims and Chrisitians held a vigil together after the attack.

Related pages
 2016 Nice attack, a similar attack in Nice, France, in July

References 

2016 disasters in Europe
2016 in Germany
2010s crimes in Germany
2010s murders in Europe
Attacks on buildings and structures in 2016
Attacks on buildings and structures in Germany
December 2016 events
2016 truck attack
Islamic State
Islamic terrorist incidents in 2016
Islamic terrorist incidents in Europe
Mass murder in 2016
Mass murder in Germany
Religion in Germany
Terrorist incidents in Europe in 2016
Terrorist incidents in Germany
Terrorist incidents involving vehicular attacks
2016 Irkutsk mass methanol poisoning

In late December 2016, 58 people died from mass methanol poisoning in Irkutsk, Russia. It was caused by people drinking cheap counterfeit alcohol that was actually supposed to be used as a bath lotion. The counterfeit was called Boyaryshnik (Боярышник; Russian for "Hawthorn").

Cause 
Boyaryshnik was much cheaper than vodka, so people bought it instead amid the tough economic conditions. Similar incidents have been on the rise as Russia's economy has suffered from low oil prices and international sanctions from the Russian intervention in Ukraine. Russia's deputy prime minister said before the incident that this type of alcohol made up 20% of all the alcohol drank in the country.

The lotion was mixed with methanol; which is an alcohol that is poisonous. The label on the bottle said that the lotion instead had ethanol. A total of 58 people died from drinking the lotion. The victims were poor and were all between the ages of 35 and 50.

Aftermath 
Many people who were involved with making the potion were arrested. About 500 litres (130 US gal) of lotion was confiscated from the facility where it was made.

Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev called for a ban on counterfeit alcohol, stating that "it's an outrage, and we need to put an end to this."

References 

2016 disasters in Asia
2010s in Russia
December 2016 events
2015 Kyrgyz parliamentary election

The 2015 Kyrgyzstani parliamentary election was held on 4 October 2015.

Electoral system 

The 120 seats in the Supreme Council were elected by proportional representation. This means that if a party gets 20% of the vote, for example, they get 20% of the seats. A party had to receive at least 7% of the vote to get seats in the council. No party was allowed to win more than 65 seats.

Campaign 

Many political parties were formed before the election; often made by wealthy Kyrgyz who want to promote their own interests.

A lot of potential candidates were not allowed to run due to criminal convictions. One party leader, a former boxer, was banned after he beat up a rival candidate.

Result 

Sources:

Conduct 

Even though there were some reports of voter fraud, the OSCE said that the elections were "lively and competitive" and "unique in this region." The PACE said that voters had "made their choice freely among a large number of contestants."

The OSCE did note some problems with voter registration, and the Council of Europe had concern over the transparency of some campaigns and financing.

References 

2015 elections
Kyrgyzstan
2010s elections in Asia
Kyrgyzstan Party

The Kyrgyzstan Party is a political party in Kyrgyzstan. It was created in May 2015 by businessman Sharshenbek Abdakerimov. The party is now led by Kanatbek Isaev (a former member of the Respublika Party.)

The party has a lot of support in the south of the country. In the 2015 Parliamentary elections, the Kyrgyzstan Party won 18 seats after getting 12.67% of the votes.

References

Other websites 
 http://kyrgyzstan7.kg — Official website 

2015 establishments in Asia
Political parties
Kyrgyzstan
Branchiobdellida

Branchiobdellida are an order of leech-like worms that are mostly ectoparasites of crayfish.

References

Annelids
Patrick H. Grace

Patrick Henry Grace (1832 – February 24, 1896) was a United States Navy sailor. He received the Medal of Honor for actions during the Korean Expedition of 1871. He was a native of Ireland but moved to the United States. His original name was Henry Patrick Grace but he changed it. Grace was cited for "gallant and meritorious service".

Medal of Honor citation
Rank and organization: Chief Quartermaster, U.S. Navy. Born: 1835. Ireland. Accredited to: Pennsylvania. G.O. No. 177, December 4, 1915.

Citation 
On board the U.S.S. Benicia during the attack on the Korean forts, 10 and 11 June 1871. Carrying out his duties with coolness, Grace set forth gallant and meritorious conduct throughout this action.

Related pages
List of Medal of Honor recipients

References

1832 births
1896 deaths
United States Navy Medal of Honor recipients
Year of birth unknown
Kelly (name)

Kelly is a given name and family name. As a given name, Kelly is used mostly for females. However, there are some males with the name.

As a family name, Kelly has many origins. The family name started in the 19th century. It was used for a masculine name in the late 19th century. Feminine use began around 1940. By 1957, it surpassed male usage thanks to American actress Grace Kelly.

Kelly, as a girl's name, was at #900 in 1950. It peaked at #10 around 1977. Kelly is still popular as a girl's name, although it has declined.

Famous people named Kelly include Kelly Ayotte, Kelly Carlson and Kelly Clarkson.

Surnames
Given names
Joanne Dru

Joan Letitia LaCock (later Joanne Dru; January 31, 1922 – September 10, 1996) was an American television, stage and movie actress. She played Anne Stanton in All the King's Men in 1949. She also played Patricia Nash Dean in The Pride of St. Louis in 1952. 

Dru was born in Logan, West Virginia. She died in Los Angeles, California resulting from respiratory failure and lymphedema. She was 74.

References

American television actors
American stage actors
American movie actors
1922 births
1996 deaths
All the King's Men (1949 movie)

All the King's Men is a 1949 political drama movie.

Plot
Politician Willie Stark goes from a rural county seat to the governor's mansion. He loses a race for county treasurer. Stark teaches himself law. As a lawyer, he continues fighting the local establishment. He eventually rises to become a candidate for governor. He loses the first time. On his second try, he wins.

Along the way, Stark loses his innocence. He becomes dishonest like the politicians against whom he fought. His son becomes paralyzed in a drunk driving accident that kills a female passenger.

Cast
 Broderick Crawford as Willie Stark
 John Ireland as Jack Burden
 Joanne Dru as Anne Stanton
 John Derek as Tom Stark
 Mercedes McCambridge as Sadie Burke
 Shepperd Strudwick as Adam Stanton
 Ralph Dumke as Tiny Duffy
 Anne Seymour as Mrs. Lucy Stark
 Katharine Warren as Mrs. Burden
 Raymond Greenleaf as Judge Monte Stanton
 Helene Stanley as Helene Hale
 Walter Burke as Sugar Boy
 Will Wright as Dolph Pillsbury
 Grandon Rhodes as Floyd McEvoy

Character actor Paul Ford has an uncredited role as the Leader of the Senate Opposition

Awards

All the King's Men won three Academy Awards: Best Picture, Best Actor and Best Supporting Actress.

1949 drama movies
American drama movies
Movies based on books
Movies directed by Robert Rossen
Columbia Pictures movies
The Waste Land

"The Waste Land" is a poem by T.S. Eliot. It was first published in 1922. After it had been printed in London in The Criterion, it was reprinted in New York in The Dial. Then it was published in the form of a book. The poem is dedicated to Ezra Pound, whom T.S. Eliot regarded as his friend and teacher of poetry. Ezra Pound was the first reader of the poem. He helped Eliot to make it shorter and better.

The poem is divided into five parts. They are: The Burial of the Dead, A Game of Chess, The Fire Sermon, Death by Water and What the Thunder Said. It is composed of 433 lines. The work is written in free verse and blank verse.

The poem is full of quotations from classic works of world literature. Eliot makes allusions to Geoffrey Chaucer, William Shakespeare, Oliver Goldsmith, Ovid, Charles Baudelaire, Gerard de Nerval and Thomas Kyd. He uses different sources of inspiration, including both Christianity and Buddhism. The story is based on the Christian legend of the search for the Holy Grail. The poem ends with the Sanskrit words Datta. Dayadhvam. Damyata. / Shantih shantih shantih.
 
"The Waste Land" is commonly considered to be one of the most important literary works of the 20th century. It has been translated into many languages. Czesław Miłosz, a Nobel Prize winner, translated it into Polish.

References

Bibliography 
 The Waste Land by T.S. Eliot, Horace Liveright, New York 1930.

Other websites 
 T.S. Eliot, The Waste Land. Full text of the poem at Poetry Foundation.
 T.S. Eliot, The Waste Land at Gutenbrg Project.
 Richard Ellman, On The Composition of The Waste Land.

Poems
Monster High

Monster High  is an American fashion doll franchise. It was created by Mattel. They launched the brand in July 2010.

The dolls are based on horror movie characters. The initial characters were created by Garrett Sander and his twin brother Darren. Besides the dolls, Monster High includes books, video games, and television specials. Ever After High is a spin-off of Monster High. The Ever After dolls are based on fairy tale characters.

References

2010 establishments in the United States
Dolls
Azərpoçt

Azərpoçt is the official national postal operator of Azerbaijan. It provides postal, payment and retail services. Azərpoçt currently operates through 1,500 post offices across Azerbaijan, from urban to the most remote rural regions.

Related pages 
 Postal codes in Azerbaijan
 Telephone numbers in Azerbaijan
 ISO 3166-2:AZ

Other websites
  

1999 establishments in Asia
Postal service
Companies of Asia
Companies of Europe
Economy of Azerbaijan
20th-century establishments in Azerbaijan
2012 Stanley Cup Finals

The 2012 Stanley Cup Finals was the championship series of the National Hockey League (NHL) .

The Western Conference champion Los Angeles Kings defeated the Eastern Conference champion  New Jersey Devils four games to two.

Rosters
Years in boldface under the "Finals appearance" column mean that the player won the Stanley Cup in the given year.

Los Angeles Kings

New Jersey Devils

References

Stanley Cup Finals
2012 in ice hockey
Ice hockey competitions
May 2012 events
June events
New Jersey Devils
2012 in the United States
2010s in Los Angeles, California
2010s in New Jersey
Mevlut Mert Altintas

Mevlut Mert Altintas (June 24, 1994 - December 19, 2016) was a Turkish police officer and terrorist, he worked in the Turkish Security Agency, Ministry of riot police for two and a half years. He shot and killed Russian Ambassador Andrei Karlov in Turkey December 19, 2016 in the Turkish city of Ankara.

References

1994 births
2016 deaths
Assassins
Police officers
Turkish people
Arrondissements of the Moselle department

There are 5 arrondissements in the Moselle department. The French departments, and in other countries, are divided into arrondissements, which may be translated into English as districts (in some cases, as boroughs). The capital of an arrondissement is called a subprefecture.

If the prefecture (capital) of the department is in an arrondissement, that prefecture is the capital of the arrondissement, acting both as a prefecture and as a subprefecture.

Arrondissements are further divided into communes.

The arrondissements of Moselle are:

History
Moselle is one of the original 83 departments created during the French Revolution on 4 March 1790. It was divided in nine districts: Metz, Bitche, Boulay, Briey, Longwy, Morhange, Sarreguemines, Sarrelouis and Thionville, with Metz as is capital.

In 1800, with the creation of the arrondissements in France, the nine districts were changed into four arrondissements: Metz, Briey, Sarreguemines and Thionville.

The Moselle department was eliminated in 1871 when part of the territory became part of Germany; the remaining parts were combined with the Meurthe department to form Meurthe-et-Moselle.

In 1919, a new department of Moselle was formed with nine arrondissements.  In 2015, four arrondissements were eliminated and their territories passed to the remaining five arrondissements: Forbach-Boulay-Moselle, Metz, Sarrebourg-Château-Salins, Sarreguemines and Thionville.

Related pages
List of arrondissements of France

References

Moselle
Chad Robinson

Chad Robinson (20 October 1980 –  26 November 2016) was an Australian professional rugby league footballer. He played from 2000 until 2009 as a lock and second-row forward. He played for the Parramatta Eels, the Sydney Roosters and the Harlequins RL. He was born in Sydney, New South Wales.

Robin was reported missing on 26 November 2016. He was found dead on 22 December 2016 in Kenthurst, New South Wales. He was 36.

References

Other websites
 Chad Robinson at the Rugby League Project

1980 births
2016 deaths
Australian rugby league players
Sportspeople from Sydney
Significant figures

The term significant figures refers to the digits, in a number or measurement, which show the precision (sureness) of the number. For example, in the number 2300, the count of significant digits is 2. In the number 2040, the significant digits are "204" as a total of 3.

Numbers
Measurement
Institut national polytechnique de Toulouse

Institut national polytechnique de Toulouse is a renowned graduate engineering school in France. It is in a campus of the Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées (Southern France).

Its different curricula lead to the following French & European degrees :
 Ingénieur INP Toulouse (INP Toulouse Graduate engineer Masters level program)
 Master of Science & PhD doctorate studies
 Mastères Spécialisés (MS)
 Massive Online Open Course.

Programs 
Academic activities and industrial applied research are performed mainly in French and English languages. Students from a dozen of nationalities participate to the different curricula at INP Toulouse.

Most of the 6300 graduate engineer students at INP Toulouse live in dedicated residential buildings nearby research labs and metro public transports on a campus that is shared with 105,000 students from Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées.

Research labs 
Concerning research activities, INP Toulouse brings together 17 laboratories, nearly 1,000 researchers (teachers-researchers, researchers from major organizations, PhD), grouped together in laboratories associated with CNRS, INRA and other Toulouse universities.

References

Further reading 

 Official website

Technical colleges and universities in Toulouse
1969 establishments in Europe
1960s establishments in France
Bamburgh Castle

Bamburgh Castle is a castle on the coast at Bamburgh, Northumberland. It is a Grade I listed building. During WW2 the Royal Navy ship HMS Bamborough Castle was named after it.

History 
The castle is built on the remains of a fort of native Britons. The fort was destroyed by the Vikings in 993.

The Normans then built a new castle on the site. That forms the centre of today's castle. The castle became the property of the reigning English Monarch. Many think that Henry II ordered the creation of the keep.

During the Wars of the Roses, it became the first castle in England to be defeated by artillery, after a nine-month siege. The Forester family of Northumberland provided the Crown with governors of the castle for 400 years, before the Crown granted ownership to Sir John Forester. When the family became bankrupt, the castle was sold to a series of owners. Eventually it was bought by the Armstrong family, who still own it today. They opened it to the public.

Media and myths 
The castle has been used in movies including Macbeth (1971) and Robin of Sherwood (1984-6). It has also been featured in many books. The late medieval British author Thomas Malory suggested that it was Joyous Gard, the mythical home of Sir Lancelot from tales of King Arthur.

References 

Listed buildings
Northumberland
Castles in England
Christmas truce

The Christmas truce was the widespread unofficial ceasefires along the Western Front of World War I around Christmas 1914. 

World War I
Christmas
Kellyanne Conway

Kellyanne Conway (born January 20, 1967) is an American Republican campaign manager and politician. She has appeared on CNN and Fox News. She has been a guest on shows like Good Morning America and Meet the Press.

On August 1, 2016, Conway became the campaign manager for Donald Trump.

Since Trump became president, Conway has had many problems. She said that there were "alternative facts" when talking about a "Bowling Green massacre" that never happened. She said that Michael Flynn had the full confidence of the president hours before he was fired. Members of Congress from both parties asked for an investigation of ethics violations after she publicly endorsed the president's daughter, Ivanka Trump's commercial products. In June 2019, the US Office of Special Counsel said that Conway should be fired for breaking the Hatch Act of 1939.

Conway was born in Atco, New Jersey.

In October 2020, Conway tested positive for COVID-19.

References

US Republican Party politicians
Politicians from New Jersey
1967 births
Living people
Ashwaq Moharram

Ashwaq Moharram (Arabic: أشواق محرّم ) is a doctor from Yemen. BBC named her on their list of 100 most inspirational and influential Women for 2016.

Life 
Ashwaq Moharram was born in Yemen. She received a bachelor’s degree in medicine and general surgery from Sana’a University in 1998.  In 2004, she received a diploma in reproductive health from Liverpool University in Britain.   In 2013, she received a master’s degree from the National University of Malaysia.

After the war started, Ashwaq's husband became sick.  He had a heart infection.  He needed medicine, but there was no medicine in the hospital.  He went to Jordan with their two children.

Work 
In 2000 Ashwaq went to work at the General Hospital in Hodeidah.  In 2001 she became the head of the department of obstetrics and gynecology.  In 2007 she became a lecturer at the Faculty of Health Sciences at Hodeidah University.  She is now the Deputy Director General of the Public Health and Population Office of the Directorate of Hodeidah.

Before the war, Ashwaq worked with international organizations to fight hunger.  In March 2016, after the war started, the organizations left Yemen. After the international organizations left, she gave food to people at her own expense, using her mobile clinic.

In July 2016, three youths sexually assaulted an 11-year-old girl in the Zahra neighborhood.  Ashwaq examined the child and the police arrested the three youths. In October 2016, Ashwaq was arrested by Houthis while giving people food.  The local people stood in front of them and forced them to free Ashwaq.

Awards 
 BBC named her one of their 100 Women of 2016.
 She was in a special BBC television program about starvation in Yemen.
 She was honored by the Arab Foundation for the Future and the League of Arab peoples in Egypt.
 She was nominated for a Nobel prize.

Other websites 
 On Facebook
 On Twitter

References 

Yemeni people
Living people
Physicians
BBC 100 Women
Mobile operating system

A mobile operating system (or mobile OS) is an operating system for smartphones, tablets, personal digital assistants (PDAs), or other mobile devices. While computers such as typical laptops are mobile, the operating systems usually used on them are not considered mobile ones, as they were originally designed for desktop computers that historically did not have or need specific mobile features.

Operating systems
Dunstanburgh Castle

Dunstanburgh Castle is a castle built in the 14th century. It is on the coast of Northumberland between the villages of Craster and Embleton. It is on a huge rock next to the North Sea. The castle is owned by English Heritage. The name Dunstanburgh means 'the fort' (burgh) 'of the town' (dun) 'by the rock' (stan).

History 
The castle was first built in 1313 by Thomas, 2nd Earl of Lancaster. However Roman and Iron Age remains have been found there. It may have been an Iron Age fort. He was an enemy of King Edward II. Thomas only visited the castle once before he was killed. The castle was not used again until the War of the Roses. The Earl of Warwick attacked it twice and it was almost destroyed.

World War II 
The castle was defended in WW2 because it was a possible target for a German landing. Land mines were laid and a radar station was built near the castle. The beaches were guarded with barbed wire and concrete pillboxes were built nearby. The fort and other facilities were manned by soldiers.

It was not used again and is now in ruins. The area is now a Site of Special Scientific Interest.

Related pages 
 Castles in Great Britain and Ireland
 List of castles in England

References

Other websites 
 Dunstanburgh Castle; YouTube
 Dunstanburgh Castle; English Heritage

Castles in England
Northumberland
14th-century establishments in England
1313 establishments
1310s establishments in Europe
Oberstdorf

Oberstdorf is a municipality in southwest Germany. It is in the Allgäu Alps. Many people visit to go walking or skiing. It is one of the highest towns in Germany and is the town furthest south in Germany. It is next to Austria.

There are several mountains with good views, like the Nebelhorn and Fellhorn. There are many cable-cars to reach the top of mountains around Oberstdorf. In the centre of Oberstdorf there is a large church, with a tall spire.

It is also home to several ski jumps, which are used for many competitions. They were also used in the 2016 movie Eddie the Eagle.

References 

Oberallgäu
Saksri Sriaksorn

Saksri Sriaksorn (June 12 1937-2005) was Thai famous singer. She was famous song Name "Phu Yi Li"

References

1937 births
2005 deaths
The Grand Tour (TV series)

The Grand Tour is a British motor television series for Amazon Video. It is presented by Jeremy Clarkson, Richard Hammond and James May. It is produced by Andy Wilman. They agreed to make it after leaving the BBC. They also agreed to make 36 episodes over three years. One episode is released every week. The program can be watched in 200 countries. The first episode was the most popular first episode on Amazon ever.

Each episode has several parts made in a studio. This studio is normally a big tent that is moved around the world. The show has it's own test track. There is always a feature where Clarkson, Hammond and May discuss car related topics which is called "conversation street".

Season 1 started on 18 November 2016 and had 13 episodes. Season 2 was filmed a year later, but due to injuries to Richard Hammond, the release was delayed until 8 December 2017. In season 2 the tent stayed in the Cotswolds for all the episodes.

Episodes

Season 1

Season 2

References

Other websites

British television series
English-language television programs
Doaa el-Adl

Doaa el-Adl (; born 6 February 1979 in Damietta) is an Egyptian cartoonist.  She was named one of the 100 most "inspirational and influential women" in the 2016 BBC 100 Women initiative.

Work 

Doaa el-Adl draws cartoons about controversial subjects like child brides and female genital mutilation.

Doaa worked as a cartoonist for the Egyptian newspaper Al-Dustour, the magazine Rose al-Yūsuf, Sabah El Kheir magazine, and the magazines Qatr El Nada, Alaa-El Din, and Bassem. Her cartoons now appear in the newspaper Al Masry Al Youm (Egypt Today).

Awards 

 Award of Journalistic Distinction in Caricature (2009)

References  

Living people
1979 births
Egyptian people
Cartoonists
BBC 100 Women
Independiente Medellín

Deportivo Independiente Medellín, also known as DIM, is a Colombian professional football club based in the city of Medellín. The club currently plays in the Categoría Primera A. They play their home games at Estadio Atanasio Girardot. That is part of the Atanasio Girardot Sports Complex.

They has won the Categoría Primera A six times: in 1955, 1957, 2002-II, 2004-I, 2009-II and 2016-I. Their best performance internationally was in 2003, when the team got third place in Copa Libertadores.

History
The team was created on 14 November 1913 as Medellín Football Club. The team played its first match against the amateur team Sporting of Medellin, that thrashed them 11–0. After some years, they joined professional football and played the first season of the league. Their first match was a 4–0 loss against América de Cali.

Colombian football clubs
1913 establishments in South America
1910s establishments in Colombia
List of attacks on U.S. territory

This is a list of attacks against territory held by the United States

Attacks on mainland U.S. or organized incorporated U.S. territories
American Revolutionary War 1775–1780
American Indian Wars 1775–1918
War of 1812 1812–1815
Thornton Affair April 26, 1846
Mexican–American War 1846–1848
Black Tom explosion July 30, 1916
Battle of Columbus 1916
Bombardment of Orleans 1918
Battle of Ambos Nogales 1918
Bombing of Naco  1929
Attack on Pearl Harbor December 7, 1941
American Theater (World War II) 1941–1945
Assassination of John F. Kennedy November 22, 1963
1993 shootings at CIA Headquarters January 25, 1993
1993 World Trade Center bombing February 26, 1993
September 11 attacks by Al-Qaeda on New York City, New York; Arlington, Virginia; and Shanksville, Pennsylvania September 11, 2001

Attacks on U.S. unincorporated territories
Japanese invasion of the Philippines 1941–1945
Battle of Guam 1941
Battle of Wake 1941
Battle of Midway 1942

United States-related lists
History-related lists
100 Women (BBC)

100 Women is a BBC series started in 2013. It looks at the role of women in the twenty-first century. It organised events in London and Mexico.

After the women are named, the BBC has three weeks of information about women. Women from all over the world make comments on Twitter about the interviews and debates.

History
After the 2012 Delhi gang rape case, BBC Controller Liliane Landor, BBC editor Fiona Crack, and other journalists started a series about the issues and successes of women. Women told the BBC there was not enough information about issues women face. In March 2013, BBC received a "flood of feedback from female listeners" that asked for more information "from and about women."

The BBC started the series in 2013 because there were not enough women represented in the media. The BBC used a survey in 26 languages to choose women for the first program. There were programs for one month, then there was a conference on 25 October. Women from different countries talked about issues they shared. There were many subjects, like work, feminism, motherhood, and religion. The series looked at cultural and social problems women have in life.

After the first program, there were many other subjects, like education, health, equal pay, genital mutilation, domestic violence, and sexual abuse. The series tries to give women a place to talk about how to make the world better and stop sexism. Women on the list are from many countries and many professions. Some of the women are famous, and some are not well known.

Names of the 100 women

2016
The 2016 theme was Defiance. Part of the 100 Women festival was in Mexico City. The 2016 list was in alphabetical order.

2015
The BBC News 100 Women list in 2015 was made up of many notable international names, as well as women who were unknown, but who represent issues women face. The women of 2015, included representatives from 51 countries and were not necessarily those who would traditionally have been seen as role models—a woman suffering from depression, a woman who advocates for equal access to bathroom facilities, a woman who encourages other women to avoid make-up, and a reindeer nomad.

2014
The BBC News 100 Women list in 2014 continued the efforts of the first year's initiative.

2013
The 2013 event was a month-long BBC series that took place in October. The series examined the role of women in the 21st century and culminated in an event held at BBC Broadcasting House in London, United Kingdom on 25 October 2013 involving a hundred women from around the world, all of whom came from different walks of life. The day featured debate and discussion on radio, television and online, in which the participants were asked to give their opinions about the issues facing women.

The event held on 25 October 2013 featured 100 women from all walks of life.

Initiatives by year 
 2013: 
 2014: 
 2015: 
 2016:

Other participants

References

Other websites
 100 Women at BBC Online

2013 establishments in the United Kingdom
 
Awards
Riham El Hour

Riham El Hour (Arabic: ريهام الحر, born March 8, 1977), is a cartoonist from Morocco.  She was first woman to join the Union of Moroccan Professional Caricaturists. She was named one of BBC's 100 women of 2016. She uses her cartoons to speak for women and against male guardianship laws.

Life 

Riham was born in Kenitra in Morocco.  Her family is Palestinian.  She received a bachelor's degree in Arabic language and literature from the Faculty of Arts in Kenitra.

Work 

In 2000 Riham won UNESCO's Palestine Prize in an international competition.  In 2002, she participated in the national days of Moroccan caricature, as the first woman caricaturist of Morocco. In 2005 and 2006 she received a prize at caricatures exhibitions in Damascus, Syria. In 2007, she represented Morocco at the Santomera exhibition in Spain.

After she won the UNESCO competition, Riham met Larbi Sebbone, a well-known Moroccan caricaturist.  Larbi encouraged her to draw more. Her first drawings were in Al Alam, a Moroccan newspaper in the Arabic language, and in Al Mintaka, a local Kenitra newspaper. Then she drew for the women's magazine Citadines.  In 2006 she worked in the national press.  She worked with newspapers, magazines and women's magazines. By 2010 she was considered part of the "Syriacartoon family".  In October 2011, she started work with the Arabic version of Likolli Nissae. Finally she went to work for Rissalat Al Ouma, a newspaper in Casablanca.

References

Other websites 
Riham El Hour on Facebook

1977 births
Living people
Cartoonists
Moroccan writers
BBC 100 Women
Swissair Flight 111

Swissair Flight 111 was a scheduled flight from New York to Geneva, Switzerland on September, 2 1998. The aircraft was a McDonnell Douglas MD-11. Onboard were 215 passengers and 14 crew members. The plane had a cockpit fire. It crashed into the Atlantic Ocean near Nova Scotia. All 229 people died. It was the second-worst accident ever in the Halifax, Nova Scotia area.

Pasengers

References

Other websites 
 Swissair Flight 111 Re-creation; YouTube
 Swissair Flight 111 – St. Margarets Bay, Nova Scotia; Lost at Sea Memorials

1998 in North America
Aviation disasters in the 1990s
Disasters in Canada
September events
Unary function

A unary function is a function that takes just a single argument. In contrast, a function that takes more than one argument is called a polyadic function.

This description of a function's arguments is known as its arity.

Mathematics
Arity

In logic, mathematics, and computer science, the arity of a function is the number of arguments that the function takes.

References 

Logic
Mathematics
Computer science
Institut catholique d'arts et métiers

Institut catholique d'arts et métiers is a graduate engineering school in France. It is in a campus of the Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées (Southern France).

Its different curricula lead to the following French & European degrees :
 Ingénieur ICAM (ICAM Graduate engineer Masters level program)
 Master of Science & PhD
 Mastères Spécialisés (MS)

Academic activities and industrial applied research are performed mainly in French and English languages. Students from a dozen of nationalities participate to the different curricula at ICAM.

Most of the 4500 graduate engineer students at ICAM live in dedicated residential buildings nearby research labs and metro public transports on a campus that is shared with 100,000 students from Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées.

References

Further reading 

 Official website

Technical colleges and universities in France
1898 establishments in Europe
Lille
Nantes
Toulouse
1890s establishments in France