cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Yunnan lake newt

The Yunnan lake newt (Cynops wolterstorffi) was a species of newts. It was part of the family Salamandridae. It was also known as Wolterstorff's newt. It used to live in China.

References
 Datong, Y. & Lau, M.W.N. 2004. Cynops wolterstorffi .   2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 

Newts
Black-tailed rattlesnake

The Black-tailed rattlesnake (Crotalus Molossus) is a species of venomous Pit vipers, found in southwestern United States of America and Mexico. There are currently three subspecies recognized.

Description
Most Black-tailed rattlesnakes grow to the length of . They can be as long as . Females are said to be larger than males.

The Black-tailed rattlesnake is olive green, yellow, brown, or black in color. They are called the "Black-tailed rattlesnake" because of their tail which is the color of black. Like other rattlesnakes the Black-tailed rattlesnake has a rattle on the end of its tail, but its rattle is weak and can be broken. They can shed their skin several times a year.

Common Names
The Black-tailed rattlesnake is also called the "Green rattler", the "Dog-faced rattlesnake", and the "Mountain Diamondback".

Where they live
The Black-tailed rattlesnake is found in southwestern United States of America and Mexico. In the U.S.A it is found in Arizona, New Mexico, and west and central Texas, in Mexico it is found in Oaxaca. It is also found on islands of the Gulf of California, like San Estèban Island and Tiburòn Island.

Behavior
In the spring and fall the Black-tailed rattlesnake are diurnal, in the summer they are nocturnal so they can avoid the heat, and in the winter they hibernate in other animals dens. Even though they are okay climbers and good swimmers they are terrestrial. They live in grasslands, deserts, mountain areas, and forests.

Feeding
Like all rattlesnakes they are carnivores and eat rodents, other small mammals, birds, and small reptiles.

Reproduction
The Black-tailed rattlesnakes mate in the spring, once they have mated the male stays with the female to stop other males from mating with her. It is in the summer that the female gives birth to her young, the young stay with their mother for around a day or two before leaving by their selves. A female usually mates every year and has 10-12 young at a time. They live for around 15–20 years.

Subspecies
 San Esteban Island Black-tailed Rattlesnake, Crotalus Molossus Estebanensis
 Mexican Black-tailed Rattlesnake, Crotalus Molossus Nigrescens
 Oaxacan Black-tailed Rattlesnake, Crotalus Molossus Oaxacus

References

Vipers
YMCA

Young Men's Christian Association (or the YMCA or the Y) is an organization headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland. It was originally meant to put Christian principles into practice. It was founded in 1844 in London, England, United Kingdom. At first, the organization provided beds and shelter to young men leaving the countryside for work in the cities. It promotes Muscular Christianity.

Basketball was invented in an American YMCA. 

The similar Young Women's Christian Association or YWCA was founded in 1870.

Other websites 

Christian organizations
Youth organizations
1844 establishments
Organisations based in the United Kingdom
Antisocial personality disorder

Antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) is a personality disorder. A person with ASPD fails to conform with socially accepted behavior. People with this disorder often disregard social norms or the rights of other people. 

The ASPD pattern begin in childhood or adolescence and continues into adulthood.  People with ASPD have no conscience or sense of morality, although the large majority know right from wrong. Those with ASPD  often commit crimes. They can also be impulsive, aggressive, reckless, and destructive. About three percent of men and one percent of women have ASPD.

DSM-V criteria
According to the latest version of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (the DSM-V), a person has ASPD if they fit the following requirements:

 A pervasive pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others, since age 15 years, as indicated by three (or more) of the following:
 Failure to conform to social norms concerning lawful behaviors, such as performing acts that are grounds for arrest.
 Deceitfulness, repeated lying, use of aliases, or conning others for pleasure or personal profit.
 Impulsivity or failure to plan.
 Irritability and aggressiveness, often with physical fights or assaults.
 Reckless disregard for the safety of self or others.
 Consistent irresponsibility, failure to sustain consistent work behavior, or honor monetary obligations.
 Lack of remorse, being indifferent to or rationalizing having hurt, mistreated, or stolen from another person.
 The individual is at least age 18 years.
 Evidence of conduct disorder typically with onset before age 15 years.
 The occurrence of antisocial behavior is not exclusively during schizophrenia or bipolar disorder.

References
Causinae

The Causinae, commonly known as the "night adders", are a subfamily of venomous vipers found in sub-Saharan Africa. The family is monotypic, since it only has the genus Causus. There are six species.

The night adders can grow to around 60 to 90 centimeters (24 to 36 in) long. They are usually dark gray, light gray, light brown, or black in color with gray or black blotches.

Even though they are called the night adders, they are usually active at day, but some are active at night. When they are attacked or disturbed, they usually coil up and start hissing at their enemy to scare it off. Some may raise their head and neck off the ground, and with their tongue sticking out, move froward like a the Cobra does. 

They eat mainly toads and frogs, but there are reports of some night adders eating almost everything they can find until they are completely unable to swallow any more food.

Reproduction
All night adders are oviparous, which means they lay eggs. This is unusual for most vipers, because most vipers are viviparous, they give live birth. They lay around two dozen eggs at a time. These eggs take around four months to hatch, when they hatch the hatchlings are 4-5 inches (10-12.5 cm) long.

Venom
The night adders have very big venom glands, which are around 10 centimeters long. But even though the venom glands are big, the adders don't always use their venom on their prey. The venom would kill the prey fast enough, but they usually seize their prey and swallow it.
When someone is bitten by a night adder, the venom does not spread around the body, and only causes swelling in the place of the bite. There have been no reports of deaths by night adder venom.

Species
 Two-striped night adder, C. bilineatus
 Snouted night adder, C. defilippii
 Lichtenstein's night adder, C. lichtensteinii
 West African night adder, C. maculatus
 Green night adder, C. resimus
 Common night adder, C. rhombeatus

Vipers
Common night adder

The common night adder is a species of venomous vipers found in sub-Saharan Africa.

Description
The common night adder can grow up to around 60 centimeters (24 in) long, making it the longest species of the genus Causus. The longest ever recorded was a male found in eastern Zimbabwe which was 93 centimeters (around 37 in) long. They are usually olive green, brown, or grayish-brown in color with black rhombic-shaped blotches, but not all have blotches on them.

Common names
The common night adder is also called the "rhombic night adder", the "demon night adder", the "Cape Viper", and the "African night adder".

Where they live
The common night adder is found in the savannas of Sub-Saharan Africa, from Nigeria, east to Sudan, Ethiopia, Somalia and Kenya, south to Tanzania, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, Democratic Republic of Congo, Angola, Zambia, Malawi, Zimbabwe, northern Botswana, Mozambique, Swaziland, and eastern South Africa.

Behavior
The common night adder is a fairly fast species of snake; it can move at the speed of 3.3 km per hour. They are usually found on the ground, but they can climb trees and can swim. They are mainly nocturnal, but some have been seen basking in the early morning or late afternoon. When disturbed they coil up, inflate their body (which makes the black blotches on them stand out), and start hissing loudly.
 
Common night adders are oviparous, meaning that they lay eggs, while other vipers are usually viviparous, meaning that they give live birth. Females lay around two dozen eggs at a time, which take around four months to hatch. Once hatched, the young are 10 to 12.5 cm long and eat small frogs and toads.

Feeding
Their diet is made up of mainly frogs and toads, and sometimes small mammals like mice and rats.

References

Vipers
Polystyrene

Polystyrene is a form of chemical compound that is mainly used for a wide variety of packaging. It is an aromatic polymer made from the monomer styrene, a liquid hydrocarbon that is  manufactured from petroleum by the chemical industry. Polystyrene is one of the most widely used plastics, the scale being several billion kilograms per year.

Polystyrene can be in either a thermoset or a thermoplastic form.

References

Polymers
Allometry

Allometry is the study of the relationship of body size to shape. In particular, it refers to the rate of growth of one part of the body compared to other parts. In most cases, the relative size of body parts changes as the body grows. Most allometric relationships are adaptive. For example, organs which depend on their surface area (such as the intestine) grow faster as the body weight increases.

Also, there are changes in allometry as a clade evolves. Allometry is an important way to describe changes in gross morphology (body shape) during evolution. Changes in time of development in an evolutionary series or clade are very common. The trend is known as heterochrony.

Allometry was first outlined by Otto Snell in 1892, D'Arcy Thompson in 1917, and Julian Huxley in 1932.  The relationship between two measured quantities is often expressed as a power law:
   or in a logarithmic form: 
where  is the scaling exponent of the law.

On being the right size 
JBS Haldane's 1926 essay On being the right size gives an overview of the way size interacts with body structure. Haldane's thesis is that sheer size very often defines what bodily equipment an animal must have:
"Insects, being so small, do not have oxygen-carrying bloodstreams. What little oxygen their cells require can be absorbed by simple diffusion of air through their bodies. But being larger means an animal must take on complicated oxygen pumping and distributing systems to reach all the cells".

Many of his examples are based on the square-cube law. If an animal's length is doubled, its surface area will be squared and its weight cubed. This alone causes allometric changes in any evolutionary lineage where successive species get larger of smaller. There are many such lineages.

The bigger an animal gets, the more would they have to change their physical shape, but the weaker they would become.

References 

Anatomy
Zoology
Keiko Ikeda

, also known by her married name as ,  is a Japanese amateur athlete, coach, university professor and sports administrator.  She is best known as a gymnast who competed in the 1956 Summer Olympics, in the 1960 Summer Olympics, and in the 1964 Summer Olympics.

She won a gold medal on the balance beam at the 1954 World Gymnastics Championships.  She is the only Japanese woman to win a gold medal in this international competition.

History

Timeline
 1954: World Championships Gold Medal, balance beam

 1958: World Championships Bronze Medal, balance beam and floor exercise

 1962: World Championships Bronze Medal, balance Beam and team

 1964: Olympic Games Bronze Medal, team

 1966: World Championships Silver Medal, uneven bars; and Bronze Medal, all-around and team

Honors
 International Gymnastics Hall of Fame, 2002

Related pages
 Sports in Japan
 Japan at the Olympics

References

1933 births
Living people
1956 Summer Olympics
1960 Summer Olympics
Japanese gymnasts
Japanese Olympic bronze medalists
Medalists at the 1964 Summer Olympics
People from Hiroshima Prefecture
Abhinav Bindra

Abhinav Bindra (born September 28, 1982, in Dehradun) is an Indian amateur athlete and businessman.  He is best known as the current World and Olympic champion in the 10 m Air Rifle event.

At the Beijing Olympic Games, he became the first Indian to win an individual Olympic gold medal.

Early life
He was born in Punjab.  He became interested in shooting a gun as a sport when he was in school in Chandigarh

International competitions

Timeline
 2000: Summer Olympic Games
 1998: Commonwealth Games
 2002: Commonwealth Games
 2004: Summer Olympic Games
 2006: Commonwealth Games
 2006: World Championship
 2008: Summer Olympic Games
 2010: Commonwealth Games
 2012: Summer Olympic Games

Honours
 Arjuna Award, 2000

Related pages
 Sports in India
 India at the Olympics

References

Other websites 
 Abhinav Bindra's Profile & Records 

1982 births
Living people
Indian sportspeople
Olympic gold medalists
Punjabi people
Sport shooters
Lake Mackay

Lake Mackay (Pintupi: Wilkinkarra) is a large salt lake in central Australia. It stretches across the border between Western Australia and the Northern Territory. All around it is desert. The Great Sandy Desert is to the northwest, the Tanami Desert is to the northeast, and the Gibson Desert is to the south. There are hundreds of salt lakes along this border area, and Lake Mackay is the largest. It has a surface area of , and is about  long from east to west and north to south. It is the second-largest lake in Australia.

The lake was named after the first European to visit it, Donald George Mackay. The lake is most often dry, because of quick evaporation. Salt and other minerals float on the surface.

Lake Mackay is a central place in dreamtime stories for several Aboriginal groups, especially the Pintupi. The lake forms the centre of the Pintupi ancestral lands. Many sacred paths and tracks come together at the shores of the lake. According to mythology, the lake was formed after a fierce bushfire that ruined the land around it.

References

Lakes of the Northern Territory
Geography of Western Australia
Papunya, Northern Territory

Papunya is a small community in central Australia. It is about  northwest of Alice Springs in the Northern Territory. The people who live there are Aboriginal people who were forced off their traditional country during the 1930s and 1940s. They are mainly from Pintupi- and Luritja-speaking groups. In the 2006 census, Papunya had a population of 299. The town is now on private Aboriginal land. People visiting or travelling through need a permit.

During the late 1950s, a Lutheran mission was set up at Papunya. In the 1970s, many of the people living here moved back to their homelands as part of the outstation movement. The Pintupi moved back west, closer to their homeland around Lake Mackay. They set up the town of Kintore in 1981, about  west of Papunya. During this time, local painters were slowly forming a new style of art. By the mid-1980s, it became internationally known as Papunya Tula.

References

Towns in the Northern Territory
Indigenous Australian communities
Pintupi
1950s establishments in Australia
William Thomas Stead

William Thomas Stead (5 July 1849 – 15 April 1912) was a British writer and journalist. He was a pioneer of investigative journalism, and one of the most controversial figures in British journalism during the Victorian era.

His death occurred during the sinking of RMS Titanic.

Other websites 

Encyclopedia Titanica: Biography of William Thomas Stead

British journalists
1849 births
1912 deaths
Victims of the RMS Titanic
Kintore, Northern Territory

Kintore (Pintupi: Waḻungurru; ) is a remote town in the Northern Territory of Australia. It is about  west of Alice Springs and close to the border with Western Australia. Almost all the people who live there are Aboriginal, and most are Pintupi.

Kintore was founded in 1981. Many Pintupi people who lived in the community of Papunya (to the east) decided to move back to their own country. They had been forced to leave these lands decades before because of weapons testing at Woomera in South Australia. Kintore is a major centre for the Western Desert art movement, which began at Papunya during the 1970s. The paintings made here are visual descriptions of dreamtime stories. They have gained fame around the world. A number of members of the Aboriginal art school Papunya Tula live at Kintore.

1981 establishments in Australia
Towns in the Northern Territory
Indigenous Australian communities
Pintupi
Tim Conway

Thomas Daniel "Tim" Conway (December 15, 1933 – May 14, 2019) was an American stand-up comedian, actor, director, writer, singer, voice artist, and comedian. He has worked in sitcoms, comedy sketches, and in movies. Conway is best known for McHale's Navy as Ensign Charles Parker. To younger viewers, Conway is known for Barnacle Boy in SpongeBob SquarePants.

Early life
Conway was born Thomas Daniel Conway in Willoughby, Ohio on December 15, 1933. His mother was Romanian. He was raised in Chagrin Falls, Ohio.

Conway went to Bowling Green State University.

Personal life
Conway was married twice: His first marriage was to Mary Anne Dalton in 1961.

Conway and Dalton had six children. One of them is radio host Tim Conway, Jr.. Conway and Dalton divorced in 1978. Conway's second marriage was in 1984 to Charlene Fusco. Conway and Ernest Borgnine were good friends until Borgnine's death in 2012.

Conway died on May 14, 2019, at the age of 85 from complications of normal pressure hydrocephalus.

References

Other websites

 
 
 Q&A with Tim Conway

1933 births
2019 deaths
Deaths from brain disease
American stand-up comedians
American voice actors
American movie actors
American television actors
American radio actors
American stage actors
People from Willoughby, Ohio
Comedians from Ohio
Actors from Ohio
Emmy Award winning actors
List of settlements in Bulgaria

This is a complete list of all cities and towns in Bulgaria sorted by population. Province capitals are shown in bold.

References

Bulgaria
List of settlements in Burkina Faso

This is a list of cities and towns in Burkina Faso.

10 largest cities

References 

Burkina Faso
Burkina Faso
List of cities in Cambodia

This is a list of cities in Cambodia.

 Battambang
 Kampong Cham
 Kampong Chhnang
 Sihanoukville (Kampong Som)
 Kampong Speu 
 Kampong Thom 
 Kampot
 Koh Kong
 Kratié 
 Mongkol Borei
 Neak Leung
 Pailin
 Phnom Penh
 Poipet
 Preah Net Preah
 Samraong 
 Takéo 
 Prey Veng 
 Pursat
 Siem Reap 
 Sisophon 
 Stung Treng
 Svay Rieng
 Ta Khmau
 Thmar Kol
 Thmar Puok

10 largest cities

Cambodia

Cambodia
Cillian Murphy

Cillian Murphy (born 25 May 1976) is an Irish movie and theatre actor. Murphy is known for his roles in Christopher Nolan movies such as Scarecrow in The Dark Knight Trilogy (2005–2012). He also appeared in Inception and Dunkirk. He also plays Tommy Shelby in the BBC drama television series Peaky Blinders. He was nominated for a Golden Globe Award in 2005 for his role as Patrick/Patricia "Kitty" Braden in Breakfast on Pluto.

Early life
Murphy was born on 25 May 1976 in Douglas, County Cork, Ireland. He was raised in Ballintemple, a suburb of Cork. His father, Brendan Murphy, worked for the Irish Department of Education. His mother is a French teacher. He went to University College Cork.

Career
Murphy started his career as a rock musician. After he turned down a record deal, he started his acting career in a play in Disco Pigs in 1996. He went on to star in a British and Irish movie and stage production in the late 1990s and early 2000s. His first worldwide role was in 2003 as the hero in the horror movie 28 Days Later.

Murphy's best-known roles were villains in two blockbusters: Scarecrow in the superhero movie Batman Begins, and as Jackson Rippner in the thriller movie Red Eye. He also played the Scarecrow in the next two Batman movies: The Dark Knight and The Dark Knight Rises. He played the orphan teen in the 2005's Breakfast on Pluto. For that role, he was nominated for a Golden Globe Award. He played a 1920s Irish revolutionary in The Wind That Shakes the Barley.

He has also played the main protagonist, Thomas Shelby, in the BBC drama Peaky Blinders.

Personal life
Murphy lived in London, England from 2001 until 2015 when he moved to Dublin, Ireland. He often works in or near a city. He has no thoughts of moving to Hollywood. He doesn't feel right with the celebrity circuit. He often gives interviews about his movies. He does not give information about his private life. He didn't appear on TV interviews until 2010. He won an Irish Film & Television Award in 2007. He won a Drama Desk Award in 2012.

Murphy married Yvonne McGuinness in 2004. They have two sons; Malachy (b. 2005) and Carrick (b. 2007). He currently lives in Monkstown, Dublin, Ireland.

References

Other websites

 

1976 births
Living people
Drama Desk Award winners
Irish movie actors
Irish stage actors
Irish television actors
Irish voice actors
People from County Cork
Vegetarians
Hurricane Charlie (1951)

Hurricane Charlie was the deadliest storm in 1951. It was the second hurricane of the year in the Atlantic hurricane season. This hurricane hit Jamaica with winds around Category 3 levels, strengthened to Category 4 at 135 miles an hour and then struck Mexican Yucatán Peninsula. The storm made its last landfall in the Tampico area of Mexico. Over 250 people died, half of whom near the Tampico region. This hurricane was Tampico's worst tropical cyclone since 1936.

Hurricanes in Mexico
1951 in North America
1950s in Mexico
20th century in Jamaica
Tom Hardy

Edward Thomas "Tom" Hardy, CBE, (born 15 September 1977) is an English movie, television, stage, voice actor and screenwriter. He is known for his roles in Star Trek: Nemesis, RocknRolla, Bronson, Inception, Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy, This Means War, and the television series Stuart: A Life Backwards.

For his work in that series, he earned a nomination for a BAFTA Award for Best Actor. He also played Freddie Jackson in Martina Cole's The Take. That was a television movie based on Cole's novel of the same name. He played Bane in Christopher Nolan's 2012 movie The Dark Knight Rises. Hardy also played Max Rockatansky in Mad Max: Fury Road and as Venom in the 2018 movie Venom.

Hardy appeared as Farrier in the 2017 Nolan movie Dunkirk.

Hardy was born on September 15, 1977 in Hammersmith, London, England. He is an only child. His parents were Anne (née Barrett) and Edward "Chips" Hardy. He was raised in East Sheen, London. Hardy went to Reed's School, Tower House School, and the Drama Centre London.

Hardy married Sarah Ward in 1999. They divorced in 2004. He has a son with ex-girlfriend Rachael Speed, Louis Thomas Hardy (born 8 April 2008). Hardy proposed to actress Charlotte Riley, after a year of dating. They were married in 2014.

He was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 2018 Birthday Honours for services to drama.

References

Other websites

 
 
Tom Hardy as Freddie Jackson
Tom Hardy as Bane

1977 births
Actors from London
English movie actors
English stage actors
English television actors
English voice actors
Living people
People from Hammersmith

Screenwriters from London
Ebers papyrus

The Ebers Papyrus (c. 1550 BC) is an ancient Egyptian medical treatise.  It covers both practical and magical advice.  There are over 700 different drugs described in the papyrus. Some are useful such as opium for pain.  Other things in the papyrus can seem ridiculous. An example of that is tapping a person on the head with a fish if they have a migraine.  Aside from covering a large number of treatments, the papyrus also has information on a broad range of ailments from intestinal complaints and eye problems to depression or other mental disorders.

Other websites

Ancient Egypt
History of medicine
Marion Cotillard

Marion Cotillard (born September 30, 1975) is a French stage and movie actress, and singer.

Career
She made her career well known by roles in such movies as in La Vie en Rosa, My Sex Life...or How I Got Into an Argument, Taxi, Furia and Jeux d'enfants. She has also appeared in movies like Big Fish, A Good Year, Public Enemies, Nine, Inception, Midnight in Paris, Contagion, and The Dark Knight Rises "Rust & Bone.

In 2007, Cotillard starred as a French singer in Édith Piaf in La Vie en Rose. For that role she won the Academy Award, the BAFTA Award, the César Award, and the Golden Globe Award for best actress. She made movie history by becoming the first person to win an Academy Award for a French language performance. In 2010 she received a Golden Globe nomination for her performance in the musical Nine.

Early Life and Family
Cotillard was born in Paris, France on September 30, 1975 to Jean Claude-Cotillard who is an actor, former mime, and a Molière Award-winning director. Cotillard's mother Monique (known as Niseema) Theillaud, is also an actress and a drama teacher. She has two younger twin brothers, Quentin and Guillaume. Guillaume is a screenwriter and director. She began acting during her childhood, appearing on stage for her father's plays.

Personal life
Cotillard currently lives with her partner Guillaume Canet. Many reports say the couple prefer to live in a simple lifestyle, and they are often spotted in cafes and shopping together in Paris. Neither of the two discusses their relationship with the media, although photos of the couple regularly surface in the European tabloids. On May 20, 2011 the couple had their first child called Marcel.

References

Other websites

 
 

1975 births
Living people
Academy Award winning actors
Actors from Paris
Satellite Award winners
BAFTA Award winning actors
French movie actors
French singers
French television actors
Musicians from Paris
French stage actors
French voice actors
Matthew Modine

Matthew Avery Modine (born March 22, 1959) is an American movie, television, stage, and voice actor. His movie roles include Private Joker in Stanley Kubrick's Full Metal Jacket, the title character in Alan Parker's Birdy, high school wrestler Louden Swain in Vision Quest, football star turned spy Alec McCall in Funcky Monkey and the oversexed Sullivan Groff in Weeds. He appeared in Christopher Nolan's The Dark Knight Rises as Officer Peter Foley.

Personal life
Modine was born on March 22, 1959 in Loma Linda, California. He is the son of Dolores (née Warner), a bookkeeper, and Mark Alexander Modine, who managed a drive-in theater. He was educated at Brigham Young University. Modine is married to Caridad Rivera since 1980 and have 2 children.

Other websites

Bicycle for a Day
Full Metal Jacket Diary

1959 births
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
American stage actors
Living people
Actors from San Bernardino, California
Omar Suleiman

Omar Suleiman (, 2 July 1936-19 July 2012) was an Egyptian general, diplomat, and politician. He was the spy intelligence chief from 1993 to 2011 while Hosni Mubarak was President of Egypt. In January 2011 Suleiman was appointed vice-president by Mubarak. He served until they left in early February 2011. In 2012, Suleiman wanted to be president but was disqualified from running. He was not seen in public since Mubarak's regime ended. On 19 July 2012, Suleiman died in Cleveland, Ohio, U.S. from heart attack while undergoing medical trials.

References

1936 births
2012 deaths
Cardiovascular disease deaths in the United States
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Diplomats
Egyptian military people
Egyptian Muslims
Generals
Vice-Presidents of Egypt
Dacquoise

A dacquoise is a dessert cake. It is made with layers of almond and hazelnut meringue and whipped cream or buttercream. The name comes from the French word , meaning "of Dax". (Dax is a town in southwestern France.) It is usually served chilled with fruit. One form of dacquoise is marjolaine. Marjolaine is long and rectangular and combines almond and hazelnut meringue layers with chocolate buttercream.

A classic dacquoise is made of two layers of a meringue filled with an egg-yolk-based buttercream. Often, the layers are of a meringue japonais. (Meringue japonais means there are ground nuts added.) The nuts can be blanched almonds or hazelnuts. While this dacquoise is based on layers of meringue japonais, it is held together with a mix of sour cream and milk and dark chocolates.

Cakes
Stapleton

Stapleton is a village and civil parish in City of Carlisle, Cumbria, England. In 2001 there were 221 people living in Stapleton. It has a church called St Mary.

References 

Villages in Cumbria
Civil parishes in Cumbria
Parton

Parton is a village and civil parish in Copeland, Cumbria, England. In 2001 there were 924 people living in Parton.

References 

Villages in Cumbria
Civil parishes in Cumbria
Bewcastle

Bewcastle is a village and civil parish in City of Carlisle, Cumbria, England. In 2001 there were 411 people living in Bewcastle.

References 

Villages in Cumbria
Civil parishes in Cumbria
Burtholme

Burtholme is a village and civil parish in City of Carlisle, Cumbria, England. In 2001 there were 184 people living in Burtholme.

References 

Villages in Cumbria
Civil parishes in Cumbria
Castle Carrock

Castle Carrock is a village and civil parish in City of Carlisle, Cumbria, England. In 2001 there were 303 people living in Castle Carrock.

References 

Villages in Cumbria
Civil parishes in Cumbria
Cumrew

Cumrew is a village and civil parish in City of Carlisle, Cumbria, England. In 2001 there were 85 people living in Cumrew. It has a church called St Mary.

References 

Villages in Cumbria
Civil parishes in Cumbria
Cumwhitton

Cumwhitton is a village and civil parish in City of Carlisle, Cumbria, England. In 2001 there were 293 people living in Cumwhitton.

References 

Villages in Cumbria
Civil parishes in Cumbria
Farlam

Farlam is a village and civil parish in City of Carlisle, Cumbria, England. In 2001 there were 590 people living in Farlam.

References 

Villages in Cumbria
Civil parishes in Cumbria
Irthington

Irthington is a village and civil parish in City of Carlisle, Cumbria, England. In 2001 there were 712 people living in Irthington.

References 

Villages in Cumbria
Civil parishes in Cumbria
Midgeholme

Midgeholme is a village and civil parish in City of Carlisle, Cumbria, England. In 2001 there were 67 people living in Midgeholme. There is also Midgeholme Colliery in Midgeholme.

References 

Villages in Cumbria
Civil parishes in Cumbria
Upper Denton

Upper Denton is a village and civil parish in City of Carlisle, Cumbria, England. In 2001 there were 92 people living in Upper Denton. It has a church.

References 

Villages in Cumbria
Civil parishes in Cumbria
Westlinton

Westlinton is a village and civil parish in City of Carlisle, Cumbria, England. In 2001, there were 359 people living in Westlinton.

References 

Villages in Cumbria
Civil parishes in Cumbria
Rika Komazawa

is a Japanese athlete.  She is best known as a women's field hockey player who competed in the 2004 Summer Olympics and in three Summer Olympic Games.

Early life
Komazawa was born in Osaka.  As a schoolgirl, she became interested in field hockey.  At Tenri University, she played on the school's field hockey team.

International competitions

Timeline
 2004: 2004 Summer Olympics
 2008: 2008 Summer Olympics
 2012: Summer Olympic Games

Related pages
 Sports in Japan
 Japan at the Olympics

References

1982 births
Living people
Japanese sportspeople
People from Osaka
Arjuna Award

The Arjuna Awards were established by the government of India in 1961. The honour recognizes "outstanding achievement in sports and games". The award includes a cash prize. The Arjuna Awards recognise the achievements of the country’s sportsmen.

The symbol of the award is a small bronze statue of Arjuna with his bow.

International competitions
The Indian government confers Arjuna Award on selected athletes who take part in Olympic Games, Asian Games, Commonwealth Games, World Cup Championships and sports for the physically challenged.

References

Other websites

  List of Arjuna Awardees

Sport in India
1961 establishments in Asia
Sports trophies and awards
1960s establishments in India
Renault 12 Toros

Renault 12 Toros is a modernized version of Renault 12 in Turkey. It was designed in 1989, and released in the second half of the year. The name "Toros" comes from the Taurus mountains in Turkey. Renault 12 Toros had high traction so it used for many years. It was used as the official vehicle for many years by the Turkish National Police and Turkish Gendarmerie. Its production stopped in 2000 because its emissions polluted too much for the European Union's Emission Norms.

Renault automobiles
Karnam Malleswari

Karnam Malleswari (born June 1, 1975) is an Indian athlete.  She is best known as a  weightlifter who won a bronze medal in the 2000 Summer Olympics at Sydney. She became the first Indian woman to stand on an Olympic victor's podium, and she was the only Indian to win a medal in the 2000 olympic  games.

In 1992, Malleswari was the first Indian woman to win a world title in any sport.

Honours
 Arjuna Award, 1994

Related pages
 Sports in India
 India at the Olympics

References

Other websites
Images at Olympic.org

1975 births
Living people
Indian Olympic bronze medalists
Onuk Sazan

Onuk Sazan was the first supercar and second sports car made in Turkey. It was developed by Onuk Company (a military and civilian speedboat producer in Turkey) and Renault. Onuk Sazan was designed by Demir Sümer, Gökhan Akış, Eralp Noyan and Jan Nahum. Its name was inspired by the Dr. Ekber Onuk's deceased son's nickname, Sazan (Carp). Only 5 of these cars are made each year. Its price is €200000.

References 

Sports cars
Renault automobiles
Rajyavardhan Singh Rathore

Rajyavardhan Singh Rathore (born January 29, 1970) Jaisalmer, Rajasthan is an Indian athlete.  He is best known for shooting in the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens.

In the 2004 games, Rathore finished second in the men's double-trap shooting event. He was the first Indian to win an individual silver medal.

Honours
 Arjuna Award, 2003

Related pages
 Sports in India
 India at the Olympics

References

Other websites
 Rajyavardhan Singh Rathore at Time 

1970 births
Living people
Indian sportspeople
Commonwealth Games medallists
Olympic silver medalists
Bradley Wiggins

Sir Bradley Marc Wiggins, CBE (born 28 April 1980) is a British cyclist. He was born in Ghent, Belgium. He grew up in Kilburn and Maida Vale, London. His mother Linda is English; his father was Australian cyclist Gary Wiggins (1952-2008). 

Wiggins won a bronze medal at the 2000 Summer Olympics, a gold medal, silver medal and bronze medal at the 2004 Summer Olympics, two gold medals at the 2008 Summer Olympics and a gold medal at the 2012 Summer Olympics. He won the 2012 Tour de France.

References

Other websites

1980 births
Living people
British cyclists
British Olympic bronze medalists
British Olympic gold medalists
British Olympic silver medalists
Medalists at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 2012 Summer Olympics
People from Ghent
People from the City of Westminster
Sportspeople from London
Tour de France winners
David Kelly (actor)

David William Kelly (July 11, 1929 – February 12, 2012) was an Irish actor. He acted in several movies and television shows from the 1950s until his death in 2012. Kelly is known in Ireland as Rashers Tierney in Strumpet City.

In Britain, he is known as Cousin Edna in Me Mammy and as the builder Mr. O'Reilly in Fawlty Towers. In the United States, Kelly is known as Grandpa Joe in Tim Burton's Charlie and the Chocolate Factory. He is also known as Michael O'Sullivan in Waking Ned.

Kelly was born on July 11, 1929 in Dublin, Ireland. He went to The Abbey School of Acting. Kelly was married to Laurie Morton from 1961 until his death in 2012. They had two children; David Kelly, Jr. and Miriam Kelly. Kelly died on February 12, 2012, his cause of death was pneumonia complicated by lung cancer in Dublin, Ireland. He was 82 years old. Kelly was buried at the Mount Jerome Cemetery & Crematorium.

References

Other websites
 
 

1929 births
2012 deaths
Deaths from pneumonia
Deaths from lung cancer
Disease-related deaths in the Republic of Ireland
Irish movie actors
Irish television actors
Irish voice actors
Irish stage actors
Irish radio actors
Actors from Dublin
Jonathan Frid

Jonathan Frid (John Herbert Frid; December 2, 1924 – April 14, 2012) was a Canadian stage, radio, voice, television, and movie actor. He was best known for playing the role of vampire Barnabas Collins on the Gothic American television show Dark Shadows. 

Frid was born on December 2, 1924 in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. He had Scottish, English, German, and Danish ancestry. He learned how to become an actor in Ontario, New York City, and London. Frid was not married.  

Frid died in the early hours of April 14, 2012 at the Juravinski Hospital in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. He died from complications of pneumonia due to a fall he had several days before, he was 87 years old. Frid had a nephew David Howitt, who confirmed his death.

References

Other websites

1924 births
2012 deaths
Accidental deaths from falls
Actors from Hamilton
Actors from London
Actors from New York City
Canadian movie actors
Canadian stage actors
Canadian television actors
Canadian voice actors
Deaths from pneumonia
Disease-related deaths in Ontario
Infectious disease deaths in Canada
Hiroshi Hoketsu

is a Japanese athlete.  He is best known as an equestrian rider who participated in three Summer Olympic Games.

Hoketsu is the oldest Olympian to compete for Japan. He is the second oldest Olympian after Oscar Swahn who was a 72-year-old Swedish shooter who won bronze medal at the 1920 Summer Olympics in Antwerp.

International competitions

Timeline
 1964: Summer Olympics
 1988: Summer Olympics
 2008: Summer Olympics 
 2012: Summer Olympics

Related pages
 Japan at the Olympics

References

Other websites
  Hiroshi Hoketsu at Fédération Equestre Internationale (FEI)
 Hiroshi Hoketsu at Tokyo Weekender

1941 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Tokyo
2012 Summer Olympics
Equestrians
Michael Gough

Francis Michael Gough (23 November 1916 – 17 March 2011) was an English character actor who as appeared in over 150 movies. He is perhaps best known world wide for his roles in the Hammer Horror Films from 1958, and for his work as Batman's loyal butler Alfred Pennyworth in Batman, Batman Returns, Batman Forever, and Batman & Robin. Gough and actor Pat Hingle are the only two actors to appear in all 4 Batman movies directed by Tim Burton or Joel Schumacher. Gough has also been in some other Tim Burton movies, Sleepy Hollow, Tim Burton's Corpse Bride, and Alice in Wonderland.

Early life
Gough was born on 23 November 1916 in Kuala Lumpur, British Malaya. His parents were Frances Atkins (née Baillie) and Frances Berkely Gough.

Personal life
Gough was married four times; first to Dinan Graves they divorced. Second to Anne Leon in 1950 through 1964. Third to Anneke Wills in 1962 until they divorced in 1979. Lastly to Henrietta Lawrence in 1980 until his death in 2011. Gough had 3 children; Emma, Simon, and Jasper.

Death
Gough died on 17 March 2011 in his home in Salisbury, Wiltshire from pneumonia complicated from prostate cancer. He was 94 years old. He was cremated. Michael Keaton who played Batman in the first two Batman films, said "To Mick - my butler, my confidant, my friend, my Alfred. I love you. God bless. Michael (Mr. Wayne) Keaton.". Gough was cremated and his ashes were rest at sea.

Movies

References

Other websites

1916 births
2011 deaths
Deaths from pneumonia
Deaths from prostate cancer
Actors from London
BAFTA Award winning actors
Cancer deaths in England
English movie actors
English stage actors
English television actors
English voice actors
Tony Award winning actors
2012 Aurora shooting

The 2012 Aurora shooting took place in Aurora, Colorado, United States, on 20 July 2012. Gunman James Eagan Holmes shot dead 12 people and wounded 58 others at The Dark Knight Rises premiere at a movie theater. He was arrested a few minutes later. 

Holmes was convicted in 2015 of twenty-four counts of first-degree murder, 140 counts of attempted first-degree murder, one count of possessing explosives and a sentence enhancement of a crime of violence. He was sentenced to life in prison without possibility of parole.

References

2012 crimes in the United States

2010s mass shootings in the United States
2010s murders in the United States
Attacks on buildings and structures in 2012
Attacks on buildings and structures in the United States
2012 shooting
History of Colorado
July events
Mass murder in 2012
Massacres in the United States
Murder in Colorado
Pat Hingle

Martin Patterson "Pat" Hingle (July 19, 1924  January 3, 2009) was an American actor. He played Commissioner James Gordon in the Tim Burton/Joel Schumacher Batman films: Batman, Batman Returns, Batman Forever, and Batman & Robin. Hingle and Michael Gough are the only two actors to appear in all 4 Batman movies. Hingle worked from 1954 through 2006.

Personal life
Hingle was born on July 19, 1924 in Miami, Florida. His parents were Marvin Louise (née Patterson), a schoolteacher and musician, and Clarence Martin Hingle, a building contractor.

Hingle enlisted in the U.S. Navy in December 1941, dropping out of the University of Texas. He served on the destroyer USS Marshall during World War II. He returned to the University of Texas after the war ended and earned a degree in radio broadcasting. He learned to act at the Actors Studio.

Hingle was married two times; first to Alyce Faye Dorsey in 1947 until they divorced in 1972. He was married to Julie Wright from 1979 until his death in 2009. Hingle had 3 children with Dorsey; Jody, Billy, and Molly. With Wright, he had two children. Hingle graduated from Weslaco High School in Weslaco, Texas in 1942.

Near death experience
In 1960, he had been offered the title role in Elmer Gantry, but Burt Lancaster filled the part because Hingle had been in a near fatal accident. He was caught in his West End Avenue apartment building in an elevator that had stalled between the second and third floors. He crawled out and sought to reach the second floor corridor but lost his balance and fell fifty-four feet down the shaft. He fractured his skull, wrist, hip, and most of the ribs on his left side. He broke his left leg in three places and lost the little finger on his left hand. He lay near death for two weeks, and his recovery required more than a year.

Death
Hingle died on January 3, 2009 in Carolina Beach, North Carolina from Myelodysplastic syndrome, he was 84 years old. Hingle was cremated and his ashes were scattered into the Atlantic Ocean.

Movies

References

Other websites

1924 births
2009 deaths
Deaths from myelodysplastic syndrome
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American voice actors
American radio actors
Actors from Miami, Florida
Actors from Houston, Texas
Bernard Hill

Bernard Hill (born 17 December 1944) is a British movie, theatre, and television actor since 1975. His career has lasted more than 30 years.

Hill is known for playing Yosser Hughes in the British television drama Boys from the Blackstuff. He is also known for the roles in movie blockbusters films such as Captain Edward Smith in Titanic, King Theoden in The Lord of the Rings movie series, and as the Warden of the San Quentin Prison in Clint Eastwood's True Crime.

Hill was born in Blackley, Manchester, England in 17 December 1944. He attended at Xaverian College although back then it was called The Xaverian School, and then to the Manchester Polytechnic School of Drama at the same time as Richard Griffiths. He graduated with a diploma in theatre in 1970.

He is married to Marianne Hill and has a son named Gabriel Hill.

In his commentary on The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers (2002) Extended Edition DVD, he admits that during the course of shooting he first broke his sternum, then had his ear slashed open by a sword.

References

Other websites

1944 births
Living people
Actors from Manchester
English movie actors
English stage actors
English television actors
English voice actors
Optic nerve

The optic nerve, also known as cranial nerve II or simply as CN II, is one of twelve cranial nerves but is also considered to be part of the central nervous system. It sends information from the retina (the outermost part of the eye) to the brain. The brain forms a picture using the information so that you can see things.
The retina sees the image upside-down and the optic nerve sends it to the brain so it turns it back into normal.

Anatomy of the nervous system
Eye anatomy
Optometry
Aaron Eckhart

Aaron Edward Eckhart (born March 22, 1968) is an American movie, television, stage, and voice actor.

Eckhart became known world-wide in such films as in Erin Brockovich (2000), and gained a Golden Globe Award nomination for Best Actor for his role in Thank You for Smoking (2006). He is also known for his role as Two-Face in the 2008 summer blockbuster The Dark Kinght (2008). Eckhart alongside Nicole Kidman worked in a movie called Rabbit Hole (2010)

Eckhart was born in Cupertino, California on March 22, 1968. He was raised in Los Angeles, California. Eckhart studied at the American Community School and at the American International School of Sydney. He was once engaged to actress Emily Cline. They separated in 1998. Eckhart now lives in Beverly Hills, California.

Other websites

American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
American stage actors
1968 births
Actors from Santa Clara County, California
Living people
Actors from Beverly Hills, California
Cupertino, California
Tom Wilkinson

Thomas Geoffrey "Tom" Wilkinson Jr. (born 5 February 1948) is an English movie, television, stage, and voice actor. He has been nominated for an Academy Award, for his roles in In the Bedroom and Michael Clayton. In 2009, he won Golden Globe and a Primetime Emmy Award for Best Supporting Actor in a Miniseries or Film for his role in John Adams. Wilkinson is also known for his works in 2005 blockbuster Batman Begins and as Joseph P. Kennedy, Sr. (the father of President John F. Kennedy). in 2011 miniseries The Kennedys.

Wilkinson was born on 5 February 1948 in Wharfedale, West Riding of Yorkshire, England to Thomas Wilkinson Sr. a farmer. Wilkinson was trained at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Arts and University of Kent. Wilkinson is married to Diana Hardcastle since 1998 and have two daughters, Alice and Mollie. Both Wilkinson and Hardcastle both played the real life couple Joe and Rose Kennedy in the 2011 miniseries The Kennedys.

References

Other websites

 

1948 births
Living people
Actors from Yorkshire
BAFTA Award winning actors
Emmy Award winning actors
English movie actors
English stage actors
English television actors
English voice actors
Golden Globe Award winning actors
Rutger Hauer

Rutger Oelsen Hauer (January 23, 1944 – July 19, 2019) was a Dutch stage, television, and movie actor.

Career
Hauer's career began during the year 1969 with the role in a popular Dutch television series Floris, directed by Paul Verhoeven. His notable works include Flesh & Blood, Blind Fury, Blade Runner, The Hitcher, Nighthawks, Wedlock, Sin City, Confessions of a Dangerous Mind, Ladyhawke, Buffy the Vampire Slayer, The Osterman Weekend, The Blood of Heroes, Batman Begins, Hobo with a Shotgun, The Rite, and he won a Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor for his role in Escape from Sobibor. Hauer was a dedicated environmentalist and founded an AIDS awareness organization, the Rutger Hauer Starfish Association.

Personal life
Hauer was born on January 23, 1944 in Breukelen, Netherlands. His parents were Arend and Teunuk Hauer, both drama teachers. Hauer was raised in Beetsterzwaag, Netherlands. Hauer lived in Malibu, California, United States. Hauer married Ineke ten Kate in 1985. He had one daughter, Aysha Hauer, with his first wife Heidi Merz.  He was the grandfather of fashion model Leandro Maeder.

Hauer was made a knight in the Order of the Netherlands Lion in 2013.

Hauer died on 19 July 2019 at his home in Beetsterzwaag, Switzerland at the age of 75 after a short-illness.

References

Other websites

Rutger Hauer at Box Office Mojo
Rutger Hauer at Virtual History

1944 births
2019 deaths
Dutch movie actors
Dutch stage actors
Dutch television actors
Dutch voice actors
Golden Globe Award winners
People from Utrecht (province)