Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities

The Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities is an international agreement to protect the rights and freedom of people with disabilities.  The Convention was based on international human rights laws that were made after the Universal Declaration of Human Rights was ratified.

The United Nations General Assembly adopted the Convention on 13 December 2006. It has been in effect since 3 May 2008. As of December 2021, 184 countries have ratified the Convention (they have promised the United Nations they will obey the Convention). As of 23 December 2010, the European Union has collectively ratified the Convention.

Part of the Convention includes meetings to make sure the Convention is being followed.  People with disabilities can also take part in these meetings.

Main Contents

Preamble 
The preamble (beginning) of the Convention recognizes these things:
 The Convention follows the rules set down by the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, other conventions based on the Declaration, and the main idea of the Vienna Declaration (including sustainable development)
 Many people with disabilities suffer from domestic violence, bullying, neglect and poverty
 Everyone is responsible for protecting the rights of people with disabilities. Each person has a duty to every other person and to their community.

Article 1.  Purpose

Article 1 sets out the purposes or goals of the Convention:
 To promote and protect the rights of people with disabilities
 To make sure people with disabilities enjoy the same human rights and freedoms as people without disabilities
 To respect the dignity of people with disabilities

Article 1 also says that there are many types of disabilities: physical disabilities, mental illnesses, intellectual disabilities, muteness, deafness, and blindness.  According to Article 1, all of these people should be protected by the Convention.

Article 2.  Meaning of Words

Article 2 explains what certain words in the Convention mean.  For example:

 Communication means any sort of communication, not just spoken language.  It can also mean display of text, Braille, communication by touch, large writing, audio, simple languages, human-readers, information technology, and other ways of nonverbal communication.
 Language includes sign language, and other non-spoken languages, as well as spoken ones.
 Discrimination on the basis of disabilities means that:
 A person with a disability has been limited or excluded from doing something a non-disabled person could do, just because they have a disability; or
 A reasonable accommodation could have been made for people with disabilities, but was not
 Reasonable accommodation means the aid and support people with disabilities may need to enjoy all human rights.
 Universal design is a way of designing products and services so that all people can use them.

Article 3.  General Principles

Article 3 says the Convention is based on these values and goals:
 Respect for dignity and autonomy, including the freedom to make one's own choices
 Non-discrimination
 Full acceptance of people with disabilities into society
 Respect and acceptance for people with disabilities as human beings
 Social equality between people with disabilities and people without disabilities
 People with disabilities should have the same chances and opportunities that people without disabilities have
 Fair accessibility
 Social equality between men and women
 Respect and acceptance for children with disabilities

Article 4.  General Obligation

Article 4 says that countries must make sure people with disabilities have full human rights by:
 Changing national laws
 Getting rid of laws which discriminate against people with disabilities
 Stopping practices which go against the Convention

Article 5.  Social Equality

Countries must forbid all discrimination because of disability.  Countries must also protect all persons against discrimination.

Article 6.  Women

Countries must understand that women and girls with disabilities suffer from double discrimination (they face discrimination both because they are disabled and because they are female).  Countries must protect them so that they can enjoy human rights equally.

Article 7.  Children

Countries must take action to make sure children with disabilities enjoy the same rights and freedoms as children without disabilities.  In all actions about children with disabilities, the most important thing is the child's best interests  what is best for the child.  Children with disabilities should be able to have a say in decisions that affect them.

Article 8.  Raising Awareness

Countries must raise awareness and increase respect toward persons with disabilities.  They must work to correct stereotypes and prejudice against people with disabilities.

Article 9.  Accessibility
Countries must make changes (reasonable accommodations) and laws so people with disabilities can:
 Access the physical environment (for example, using public transportation or getting into public buildings)
 Access information (for example, through the Internet)
 Communicate (whether through spoken words, Braille, sign language, or some other way)

Article 10.  Right to Life
Every human being has the right to live.  Countries must do everything they can to make sure people with disabilities can enjoy life as fully as people without disabilities can.

Article 11.  Situations of Risk and Humanitarian Emergency

When war, a natural disaster, or any other kind of emergency happens, countries must protect and save persons with disabilities.  This is in line with international law on humanitarian aid and human rights.

Article 12.  Equal Recognition Before the Law

Countries should give people with disabilities the support they need to exercise their legal rights  for example, by:
 Owning property
 Controlling their own money
 Having access to bank loan and credit

Countries should also make sure that nobody takes advantage of people with disabilities.

Article 13.  Access to Justice

People with disabilities have the right to access the justice and court systems just like people without disabilities.  Countries must give special training on dealing with individuals with disabilities to people working in the justice system, including police and prison guards.

Person with disabilities has the right to access to the justice and court equally with other persons. To help this countries must do training for police and staff in prison. This Ariticle is cited with Article 12 by UN Office on Drugs and Crime.

Article 14.  Liberty and Security of the Person

People with disabilities have the right to liberty and safety.  A person's freedom can never be taken away just because they have a disability.  Countries must make sure people with disabilities are free and safe, even if this means making reasonable accommodations.

Article 15.  Freedom from Torture or Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment

All people are free from:
 Torture
 Cruel or inhuman treatment or punishment
 Degrading (humiliating) treatment or punishment
 Scientific testing done on them without their permission

Article 16.  Freedom from Violence and Abuse

Countries must do everything they can to protect people with disabilities from violence and abuse.

Article 17.  Protecting the Integrity of the Person

Every person with disabilities has a right to be given respect for his or her physical integrity and mental integrity, the same way people without disabilities are.

Article 18.  Liberty of Movement and Nationality

People with disabilities have the right to move about freely, without being restricted.  They have the right to choose their nationality and where they want to live.

Article 19.  Living Independently and Being Accepted In the Community

People with disabilities have the right to choose where they want to live, and who they want to live with.  They cannot be forced to live in a certain place just because they are disabled.  They should have supports and services to help them live independently at home and participate in their communities.  Community activities should be accessible to people with disabilities.  People with disabilities should not be isolated or segregated from society.

Article 20. (Personal moving)

Countries must do any policy for persons with disabilities to get personal moving aides and support at cheap cost.

Article 21. (Freedom of expression, opinion and access to information)

Countries must do all policy for person with disabilities to be able to express, to state opinion and to seek, receive and share information and ideas through Braille, sign languages and Internet.

Article 22. (Respect for private life)

Countries must protect the private life of persons with disabilities about their own health and rehabilitation information.

Article 23. (Respect for home and family)

Countries must do all policy to abolish discrimination against persons with disabilities about marriage, family, adoption, being parents and relationships. Any compulsory sterilization must be prohibited.

Article 24. (Education)

Countries must admit that persons with disabilities have the right to inclusive education without discrimination and with equal chance, also education for adult and lifelong learning. The aim of education is to develop human dignity, self-worth, self-esteem, and respect for human rights and human diversity, and for person with disabilities to develop their personality, talents, and creative nature. And for their full and equal participation in education as members of the community, countries must make it easy to learn Braille and sign language and also employ teachers with disabilities for this end.

Article 25. (Health)

Countries must admit that persons with disabilities have the rights to enjoy the highest possible standard of health without discrimination and with informed consent.

Article 26. (Habilitation and rehabilitation)

Counties must do habilitation and rehabilitation, that is aid to help independence and full physical, mental, social and vocational ability for the persons with disabilities, as early as possible with consideration of the individual needs and strengths of the persons, and also through peer support.

Article 27. (Right to work )

Countries must admit the right of person with disabilities to work in just, good, safe and healthy condition and do policy that forbid all discrimination and bullying because of disability, and further must promote chance for person with disabilities to do self-work, entrepreneur and start one's own business. They must make more jobs for persons with disabilities also in public sector. Any unfree labour must be prohibited.

Article 28. (Good standard of living)

Countries must admit that person with disability have the right to an adequate standard of living including right to housing without discrimination and must give social protection or welfare, especially for women and girls, and also financial aid for person in poverty.

Article 29. (Taking part in political and public life)

Countries must admit that person with disabilities have the rights to take part in political and public life, also rights to be elected.

Article 30 (Taking part in culture)

Countries must admit that persons with disabilities have the right to take part in cultural life and enjoy recreation, leisure and sports without discrimination and with reasonable support. And persons with disabilities must be given the chance to grow and use their own creative and intellectual or artistic capacity, not only for themselves but for better society, and their own identity on culture and language including sign language and culture of persons with disabilities.

Article 33 (Application in national level)

Countries must make a national human rights institution to realise this Convention and to watch the condition of the application of this, and make persons with disabilities enable to participate the institution.

Article 34 (Committee on the rights of persons with disabilities)

United Nations will make the Committee on this Convention by countries to realise this Convention.

Article 49 (Format accessible for all)

This Convention must be published in a way accessible for all.

Optional Protocol 
This Convention has also have an agreement that can accept a claim of a single person who has got an offense by a country where the person lives. That is called Optional Protocol but until December 2021, only 100 countries have ratified to United Nations to realize that. (see data of other websites)

Related pages
 Disability
 Discrimination
 Reasonable accommodation
 Accessibility
 inclusive education
 Human rights
 Universal Declaration of Human Rights
 Disability Discrimination Act 1995

Notes

Other websites 
 Text of the Convention
 Full texts of the Convention with Optional Protocol and data of countries about the Convention
 Handbook on prisoners with special needs, pp. 47-48

Disability
Human rights
Rights