cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Age of the universe

In cosmology, the age of the universe is the amount of time since the Big Bang. The best measurement of the age of the Universe is 13.8 billion years (specifically, 13.798±0.037 billion years). The most recent and most accurate measurements were made by the Planck spacecraft. These measurements were made using the cosmic microwave background radiation and the expansion of the Universe.

History
In the 1800s, evidence from geology showed that the Earth was at least millions of years old. Later, it was thought that the universe was unchanging. However, in the 1920s, Georges Lemaître and Edwin Hubble determined that the universe was expanding (see Hubble's law). Although the estimates made using the initial data were low, radioactive dating on Earth could be used to give measurements of 11–20 billion years to 13–15 billion years. Eventually, scientists were able to make much better measurements using spacecraft.

References

Cosmology
Nominative case

In grammar, the nominative case is the grammatical case used when talking about the subject of the sentence. For example, "the boy kissed the girl." 
The boy is the subject, so the nominative case is used.

Grammar
Genitive case

In grammar, the genitive case is the grammatical case used when talking about possession: something that belongs to someone. For example, in the sentence "the boy's bike was red," the bike belongs to the boy. The word "boy's" is in the genitive case.

References 

Grammar
NuSTAR

NuSTAR is a telescope launched into space by NASA in 2012. It is the eleventh satellite in the "Small Explorer" program. Telescopes in space can see much better than on Earth, because the telescopes on Earth need to look through the atmosphere. 

NuSTAR measures high-energy X-rays, which have a much higher frequency than visible light. It uses special optical devices to do this, so it works differently from a normal telescope. This type of telescope is called a Wolter telescope.

NuSTAR is searching for black holes. It is also looking at supernovae to help understand how the chemical elements are created. One of the first discoveries made by NuSTAR, along with another space telescope called XMM-Newton, was to measure the spin rate of a supermassive black hole for the first time.

Further reading

NuSTAR website at NASA.

References

Space telescopes
Malahide

Malahide is a town near Dublin, Ireland. It is on the coast, right beside the estuary. It is in the administrative county of Fingal, and the traditional County Dublin, Ireland.

County Dublin
Settlements in the Republic of Ireland
Carmelo Flores Laura

Carmelo Flores Laura (likely born July 16, 1906 – June 9, 2014) was a centenarian from Bolivia, who some believed to be born in 1890. That would have made him the person living to be the oldest ever known. However, other documents was found, that indicated he was actually born in 1906. Flores himself only said that he was about 100 years or more, which in that case  was correct.

Laura was born on July 16, 1906 in Bolivia.   

Carmelo Flores Laura worked for the rancher who owned Frasquia, a rural area of Bolivia near Lake Titicaca, until 1952. At that time, the government seized the land and redistributed it to peasants such as Flores. He has lived there since, never traveling father than La Paz,  from his home.

Flores had three children, one of which is alive as of 2013 (Cecilio, aged 67). He has 40 grandchildren and 19 great-grandchildren. His wife died in the 2000s. 

The Bolivian government was said to be planning to officially honor Flores as "a living heritage" of the Bolivian people.

A police ID card and entry in the civil registry stating Flores was born on July 16, 1890 were shown to reporters. The longest fully documented lifespan in history is 122 years and 164 days, achieved by France's Jeanne Calment.  

Flores himself only said "I should be about 100 years old or more," when asked about his age. The Gerontology Research Group found a baptismal certificate that indicated Flores was actually 107 years rather than 123.

Laura died in an Andean village in Bolivia, aged 107.

References

1906 births
2014 deaths 
Bolivian people
Centenarians
Longevity claims
John Barry

John Barry Prendergast, OBE (3 November 1933 – 30 January 2011) was an English composer and conductor of movie music.

He composed the soundtracks for 11 of the James Bond movies between 1963 and 1987, and also arranged and performed the "James Bond Theme" to the first movie in the series, 1962's Dr. No. He wrote the scores to the award winning films Midnight Cowboy, Dances with Wolves and Out of Africa, in a career spanning over 50 years. In 1999 he was appointed OBE for services to music.

Barry was born on 3 November 1933 in York, Yorkshire, England. He studied at St Peter's School, York.

Barry was married four times. His first three marriages, to Barbara Pickard (1959–63), Jane Birkin (1965–68), and Jane Sidey (1969–78) all ended in divorce. He was married to Laurie from 1978 until his death. The couple had a son, Jonpatrick. Barry had three daughters, Suzanne (Susie) with his first wife, Barbara, Kate with his second wife, Jane, and Sian from a relationship with Ulla Larson between the first two marriages.

Barry died of a heart attack on 30 January 2011 at his Oyster Bay home, aged 77. He is survived by Laurie, his wife of 33 years, and by his four children and five grandchildren.

References

Other websites

 

1933 births
2011 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
English composers
People from Yorkshire
Olinguito

The Olinguito (Bassaricyon neblina), is a newly identified mammal of genus Bassaricyon. It is part of the Procyonidae family which also include raccoons. 

Its discovery was announced on 15 August 2013 by the curator of mammals at the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History. The curator discovered specimens of the species in storage at the Field Museum of Natural History and used DNA testing to confirm a new species.

Distribution and habitat
Specimens of the species have been identified from the cloud forest stretching from central Colombia to western Ecuador. Four subspecies of the olinguito have been described.

Ecology and behaviour 
The animal is mainly a frugivore, as well as solitary and nocturnal. It produces a single offspring at a time.

References 

Mammals of South America
Carnivora
Jericho

Jericho is a very old city in the West Bank. It is mentioned in the Book of Joshua. In 2007 18,346 people lived there.

References

Other websites
Bible places

Cities in the West Bank
Old Testament
Marvin Kaplan

Marvin Kaplan (January 24, 1927 – August 25, 2016) is an American actor. He is known for providing the voice of Choo-Choo in Top Cat. He is also known for appearing in the comedy movie It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World (1963) and The Great Race.

Kaplan was born on January 24, 1927 in Brooklyn, New York. His career began in 1949. He was married to Rosa Felsenberg from 1973 until they divorced in 1976. 

He died on August 25, 2016 in Burbank, California of heart failure, aged 89.

References

Other websites

official website
An interview with Marvin Kaplan, April 2012 - Part One
An interview with Marvin Kaplan, April 2012 - Part Two

1927 births
2016 deaths
Deaths from heart failure
Cardiovascular disease deaths in California
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
American stage actors
Actors from New York City
Lisa Robin Kelly

Lisa Robin Kelly (March 5, 1970 – August 15, 2013) was an American actress who acted mostly on television. She played Laurie Forman in the sitcom That '70s Show. She also acted in other sitcoms for TV. Kelly was raised in Connecticut. She died  in Altadena, Los Angeles County on August 15, 2013 from a drug-overdose, aged 43.

References

Other websites 

Actors from Connecticut
American movie actors
American television actors
Drug-related deaths in the United States
1970 births
2013 deaths
Earl Cameron

Earl Cameron, CBE (8 August 1917 – 3 July 2020) was a Bermudian actor. Along with Cy Grant, he was known as one of the first black actors to break the "colour bar" in the United Kingdom. He also had repeated appearances on many British science fiction programmes of the 1960s, including Doctor Who, The Prisoner and The Andromeda Breakthrough.

Cameron was born on 8 August 1917 in Pembroke, Bermuda. He was married to Audrey Cameron until her death in 1994. Then he was married to Barbara Cameron from 1994 to 2020. He had six children with Audrey.

Cameron died on 3 July 2020 in London from pneumonia, aged 102.

References

Other websites
 Podcast interview with Earl Cameron on his life on the occasion of receiving his honorary degree from the University of Warwick on 23rd January 2013
 Feature on Earl Cameron at onecountry.org
 
 Royal Gazette interview with Earl Cameron 
 Biography details on Screenonline
 Detailed filmography at the British Film Institute 

1917 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from pneumonia
Bermudian people
British movie actors
British stage actors
British television actors
British voice actors
British centenarians
Actors who played in James Bond movies
Earl Stevick

Earl Stevick (23 October 23, 1923 - 13 August 2013) was an expert in language learning and teaching. Stevick was influential in developing the communicative approach to language learning. He was a practicing Christian and this greatly influenced his approach to education.

Academic career 
He studied government at Harvard University, earned a Master of Arts in Teaching English as a Foreign Language at Columbia University, and a PhD in linguistics at Cornell University. After he received his PhD, Stevick began teaching at Scarritt College for Christian Workers in Nashville, Tennessee. He applied for and received a Ford Fellowship and went to teach in Angola, Belgian Congo and Southern Rhodesia for two years. He then worked for the U.S. State Department’s Foreign Service Institute, creating courses to learn local African languages.

Stevick was one of a small group of language educators who created the Master of Arts in Teaching degree at the SIT Graduate Institute in 1969. It was called School for International Training at that time. He continued to help with that program as a member of the advisory board.

Books 
 Memory, Meaning and Method (1976 & 1996 editions)
 Teaching Languages, A Way and Ways
 Humanism in Language Teaching: A Critical Perspective 
 Teaching and Learning Languages
 Chinyanja Basic Course  (and many other FSI courses)
 Success with Foreign Languages 
 "Images and Options in the Language Classroom"
 "Adapting and Writing Language Lessons"

Family 
Stevick met Betty Rae Culp in 1947. They married in 1948. Some of Stevick's family members are still alive, including: a brother, Bob Stevick, of Seattle, Washington; three children, Becky Clarke of Lexington, Marian Walton of Cedar Rapids, Iowa, and Joel Stevick of Rockville, Maryland; eight grandchildren and six great-grandchildren.

References 

1923 births
2013 deaths
Bilingualism and second language acquisition researchers
Linguists
People from Sioux City, Iowa
Columbia University alumni
Bipolar junction transistor

A bipolar junction transistor (BJT or bipolar transistor) is a type of transistor that relies on the contact of two types of semiconductor in order for it to work. BJTs can be used as amplifiers, switches, or in oscillators. BJTs can be found either on their own, or in large numbers as parts of integrated circuits.

They are named bipolar transistors because their operation involves both electrons and holes.

The current gained is measured in hfe, Forward Current Gain. Typical amount can be between 200-350.

Other websites

 Simulation of a BJT in the Common Emitter Circuit

References 

Electronics
Death anniversary

A death anniversary is the custom of commemorating the date of someone's death. It is observed in several Asian cultures, including among Chinese, Japanese, Korean, Jewish and Vietnamese people. The tradition has also been associated with Confucianism, Buddhism, Hinduism and Judaism. Like a birthday, it is celebrated each year. Instead of on the date of birth of the individual being celebrated, it is celebrated on the day on which a family member or other loved one died.

Death customs
Confucianism
Chinese culture
Korean culture
Head teacher

A head teacher (also called a school principal, or headmaster/headmistress) is the teacher in charge of a school. He or she is the school's leader and administrator.

In the past, the headmaster or headmistress of a British private school was often the owner of the school or a member of the family who owned it, and the position often remained in the family for many generations.

Education occupations
Boinpalle

Boinpalle or Boinpalli is a village and a mandal in India. It is in Karimnagar district in the state of Andhra Pradesh. It is 28 kilometres from the district capital.

Drought is common in this area. Many people from this area migrate to Gulf countries to find jobs as unskilled labourers. Agriculture is the primary industry in this area. Main crops are cotton and maize. Rice is the secondary crop.

The mandal of Boinpalle has 18 village panchayats.

 Ralla Ramannapeta
 Rathnampet (population 1200)
 Deshai palli
 Vardavelli
 Kodurupaka
 Vilasagar
 Korem
 Marlapeta
 Tadagonda
 Venkatrao palli
 Anantha pally
 Burgu palli
 Mallapur
 Manvada
 Neelogipalli
 Rajannapeta
 Kothapeta
 Narsingapur

Villages in Andhra Pradesh
Computer assisted language learning

Computer assisted language learning (Acronym CALL) is an method of teaching and learning languages. Teachers and learners use computers, software, and Internet communication technology to improve language learning. Many instructors use a Learning Management System (LMS) or Course Management System (CMS) to organize teaching with these technologies. Since other tools such as mobile phones, tablets, and interactive whiteboards are now also used, some people use the phrase Technology enhanced language learning or TELL to describe this way of teaching.

Learning
Computer science
Darwin's finches

Darwin's finches, also known as the Galapagos finches, are finches that live on the Galápagos Islands. They are not actually finches, but they are a kind of passerine bird.

Charles Darwin used the finches to provide evidence for natural selection. He realized that the finches have different beaks because they are adapted to eat different kinds of food. For example, a finch with a big beak is very good at cracking open nuts, and a finch with a long beak is very good at catching insects. Darwin was able to see that the finches had a common ancestor which is why they were so similar except for their beaks. Eventually, this led to the theory of evolution.

Further reading

References

Evolution
Passeriformes
Charles Darwin
York, Pennsylvania

York (nicknamed The White Rose City) is a city in south-central Pennsylvania. The city was established in 1741, and officially incorporated to city status in 1887. In the 2010 Census, there were nearly 43,800 people living there. 

Cities in Pennsylvania
County seats in Pennsylvania
1741 establishments in the Thirteen Colonies
18th-century establishments in Pennsylvania
York (disambiguation)

York is a city in England. It might also mean:

England 
York Minster, a cathedral
York City F.C., an association football team
University of York, a university

United States 
York, Alabama
York, Pennsylvania

Canada 
The old name of Toronto, the capital of the province of Ontario
York, Toronto, a former municipality that is now part of Toronto
York Region, a regional municipality to the north of Toronto
York University in Toronto
Birmingham (disambiguation)

Birmingham is a city in the West Midlands, England. It might also mean:

Birmingham Airport, an airport near the English city
Birmingham City F.C., a football club in the English city

Birmingham, Alabama
Birmingham, Iowa
Birmingham, Michigan
Cambridge (disambiguation)

Cambridge is a city in England. It might also mean:

Cambridge Airport, an airport near the English city
Cambridge United F.C., a football club in the English city

Cities in the United States
Cambridge, Idaho
Cambridge, Iowa
Cambridge, Kentucky
Cambridge, Massachusetts
Wilson's theorem

Wilson's theorem is a theorem of number theory. Let n be any natural number. Wilson's theorem says that n is a prime number if and only if:

This means that if n is a prime number, the equation is correct. Also, if the equation is correct, then n is a prime number. The equation says that the factorial of (n - 1) is one less than a multiple of n.

Theorems in number theory
Dolby Surround 7.1

Dolby Surround 7.1 is a sound system by Dolby Laboratories. It produces theatrical 7.1 surround sound in cinemas. It adds two new channels to current Dolby Digital 5.1. The first movie to feature Dolby Surround 7.1 was Toy Story 3 (2010) by Disney and Pixar. There are 4,500 locations worldwide as of March 2013.

2010

2011

2012

2013

Upcoming

References

Other websites
 Dolby 7.1 webpage 
 Movies Released Presented in 7.1 

Audio technology
List of Kojak episodes

This is a list of episodes of the television series Kojak.

There have been six seasons of Kojak. The first five seasons (Pilot + 118 episodes) were shown on the channel CBS from 1973 to 1978. The Pilot of the series was "The Marcus-Nelson Murders", which was aired on March 8, 1973. The fifth season was the last season in the series' original run. Then, in the mid-1980s, CBS aired two TV-movies: "The Belarus File" and "The Price of Justice". The series was revived (brought back) in 1989, with a sixth season. In this season, Kojak had the rank of captain. The sixth season is the final season. It consisted of 5 episodes; it was shown on ABC. The last episode was shown on April 7, 1990.

Lt. Theo Kojak is the main character of the series. He is played by Telly Savalas in every episode.

Series overview

DVD / Blu-ray releases

Episodes

Pilot
"The Marcus-Nelson Murders" / Original air date: March 8, 1973

A true story about the double murder of two white girls in New York City (The Wylie-Hoffert Career Girl Murders, 1963). Police arrest a black male, unjustly accusing him of being the murderer, but Kojak tries to show that the suspect was innocent of the crime. The episode is directed by Joseph Sargent.

Season 1  
1973–74

Season 2
1974–75

Season 3 
1975–76

Season 4
1976–77

Season 5 
1977–78

TV-movies 
1985–87
 The Belarus File / Original air date: February 16, 1985  Kojak investigates a series of crimes against Jews. Kojak has a great interest in the case because the victims were his friends. Kojak has a new assistant Dana Sutton to help him solve the case. Directed by Robert Markowitz.

 The Price of Justice / Original air date: February 21, 1987  When the bodies of two young boys are discovered in a river in Harlem, their mother is the obvious suspect, particularly with her bad past. But Kojak believes that she is innocent.

Season 6 
1989–90

References

Other websites 

The Official Site of Telly Savalas 

Lists of television series episodes
The Top 100 Crime Novels of All Time

The Top 100 Crime Novels of All Time is a list published in 1990 by the Crime Writers' Association (CWA).

Five years later, the Mystery Writers of America (MWA) published a similar list named The Top 100 Mystery Novels of All Time. Many titles can be found in both lists.

The CWA Top 100

The MWA Top 100

Related pages
Pulitzer Prize for Fiction – Lee

References

Other websites
The CWA Top 100, Past Offences: classic crime reviews and news

Lists of books
19th-century books
20th-century books
Crime fiction books
Penn's Creek Massacre

The Penn's Creek Massacre was a massacre committed by Delaware Indians on 16 October 1755. It happened near what is present day Selinsgrove, Pennsylvania. Made bold by Braddock's defeat on July 9, Indians killed and pillaged along the Pennsylvania frontier. Fourteen settlers were killed at Penn's Creek. Eleven were taken captive. One was wounded, but escaped. A posse sent to investigate was attacked, and both posse members and Indians were killed. Some of those taken captive in the Penn's Creek Massacre eventually returned to civilization alive.

References
 
 

Massacres in the United States
18th century in Pennsylvania
1755
African art

African art is art made in Africa or by Africans. Although the term itself is debatable, as there are few other continents whose art is grouped in this way, and given the differences between individual countries within Africa, historically art from Africa has often been considered in this way.

Other websites
National Museum of African Art
Inside African art

Art
Art
Showaddywaddy

Showaddywaddy are a British pop group famous for their hit "Under the Moon of Love". They mostly played songs by other groups from the 1950s and 60s.

Band members
Original members listed in bold

Current members
Romeo Challenger (born 19 May 1950, St John's, Antigua, West Indies) — drums (1973–present)
Rod Deas (born 13 February 1948, Scarborough) — bass (1973–present)
Paul Dixon — guitars (2008–present)
Rob Hewins — drums (2012–present)
Dean Loach — keyboards (2012–present)
Andy Pelos — vocals (2012–present)

Former members
Dave Bartram (born 23 March 1952, Leicester) — vocals (1973-2011)
Trevor Oakes (born Trevor Leslie Oakes, 9 September 1946, Leicester) — guitars (1973-2009)
Al James (born Geoffrey Betts, 13 January 1946, Leicester) — bass (1973-2008)
Buddy Gask (born William Gask, 18 December 1945, Leicester – 7 June 2011, Spain) — vocals (1973-1987)
Russ Field (born James Lewis Russell Field, 1 September 1949, Berwick-upon-Tweed) — guitars (1973-1985)
Malcolm "Duke" Allured (born 27 August 1945, Leicester) — drums (1973-1984)
Ray Martinez — guitars (1985-1995)
Danny Willson — guitars (1995-2009)
David Graham — saxophone (2009-2011)

Other websites
Official Showaddywaddy website
Interviews from the Leicester Mercury, on the Leicester Band's website

People from Leicester
English pop music groups
1970s British music groups
Dependent personality disorder

A dependent personality disorder (DPD) is a personality disorder that involves a psychological dependence on other people. This personality disorder is a long-term (chronic) condition in which people depend on others to meet their emotional and physical needs. Only a small percentage of people with dependent personality disorders are eventually able to manage on their own.

Personality disorders
Psychiatry
Fugue state

A fugue state (dissociative fugue or psychogenic fugue) is a rare psychiatric disorder. It involves temporary loss of memory (amnesia). It usually only lasts a short time (from hours to days), but can last months or longer. In a fugue state, the person not only forgets all about who they are, but may suddenly adopt a new identity. They may leave home and wander, settle in another area with a new name. Fugue occurs to avoid stress and anxiety. After the fugue state comes to an end, the person recovers the memories they lost, but usually forgets all that happened during the fugue.

References

Other websites
"Dissociative Fugue " from the Mental Health Matters website.
"Dissociative Fugue" from the Merck & Co. website.

Disorders
Psychiatry
Marmaduke (movie)

Marmaduke is a 2010 live action movie. It is adapted from Brad Anderson's comic strip of the same name. The movie is about a rural Kansas family and their pets, a Great Dane named Marmaduke and a Balinese cat named Carlos. The family moves to California because of business . The movie was released on June 4, 2010. It had negative reviews.

Release Dates

References

20th Century Fox movies
American movies
Movies about dogs
Movies about cats
Movies set in California
Movies set in Kansas
Rachel Boston

Rachel Boston (born May 9, 1982) is an American movie and television actress and producer. She is well known for her roles as Beth Mason on the NBC television show American Dreams and as Abigail Chaffee on In Plain Sight. She stars in the Lifetime television series Witches of East End in 2013.

References

1982 births
Living people
American television actors
American movie actors
Actors from Tennessee
People from Chattanooga, Tennessee
Pico do Fogo

Pico do Fogo ("Fire peak") is the highest peak of Cape Verde, rising to  above sea level. It is an active stratovolcano lying on the island of Fogo. The last eruption of the main volcanic cone was in 1675 and all the people living in the island had to leave.

A lateral vent (the opening of a volcano from which lava flows) erupted in 1995. The only deadly eruption was in 1847 when earthquakes produced in all the island claimed several lives. Volcanic lava has reached the eastern coast of the island in historical times.

Its most spectacular feature is a volcanic crater (or caldera, caldeira in Portuguese) that is about  wide, with a border (bordeira in Portuguese) that is about  high. The crater has a slit in its eastern wall, and a large peak like a volcanic cone rises in its center that. The central cone is the highest point of the island (2829 m) and its peak is about 100 m higher than the bordeira that surrounds the crater.

The lowest elevation of the floor of the caldeira, known as Chã das Caldeiras ("Plain of the Calderas") is . There are, within the caldeira, two villages which were evacuated during the last eruption. Traditionally, grapes are grown on the inner slopes of the bordeira and there is some subsistence agriculture on the caldeira floor.

The mountain's slopes are used to grow coffee, while its lava is used as building material.

The Fea's petrel (Pterodroma feae), a Near Threatened species of bird, breeds in this mountain.

The endemic plants Echium vulcanorum and Erysimum caboverdeanum are only known to occur on the outer rim of the volcano.

References

Other websites

 Fogo, Cape Verde Islands at NASA Earth Observatory
 Observatório Vulcanológico de Cabo Verde (OVCV) 

Volcanoes of Africa
Geography of Cape Verde
Smith Wigglesworth

Smith Wigglesworth (8 June 1859 – 12 March 1947) was a English evangelist from Yorkshire. He was an important leader in early Pentecostalism. He was an illiterate plumber. He is said to have been used by God in healing people.

Other websites
Smith Wigglesworth

1859 births
1947 deaths
English Protestants
Evangelists
Pentecostals
People from Yorkshire
Plumbers
Demographics of Azerbaijan

The Demographics of Azerbaijan is about the demographics (statistical information and study of the population and the people) of the population of Azerbaijan, including population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the population, economic status, religious beliefs and other aspects of the population.

Total population (in thousands)   

Notes about table
 To see the effect of periodical events on the population period until 1950 is not given in decades.

9,047,000 (2010)

Vital statistics

Ethnic groups

Languages
Azerbaijani 92.3%, Lezgi 2.2%, Russian 1.8%, 
other 3.3%, no information given 1% (1999 census)

Demographic statistics

Age structure
0-14 years: 22.3% 
15-64 years: 71.9% 
65 years and over: 5.8%  (2012 est.)

Median age
Total: 28.2 years
Male: 26.6 years
Female: 30 years (2009 est.)

Urbanization
 Urban population: 52% of total population (2008)
 Rate of urbanization: 1% of annual rate of change (2005-10 est.)

Sex ratio
At birth: 1.13 male(s)/female
Under 15 years: 1.12 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.96 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.58 male(s)/female
Total population: 0.97 male(s)/female (2009 est.)

Infant mortality rate
Total: 10.6 deaths/1,000 live births

Life expectancy at birth
Total population: 66.66 years
Country comparison to the world: 158
Male: 62.53 years
Female: 71.34 years (2009 est.)

Total fertility rate
2.04 children born/woman (2009 est.)
1.92 children born/woman (2012 est.)
Country comparison to the world: 135

HIV/AIDS
Adult prevalence rate: less than 0.2% (2007 est.)
Country comparison to the world: 92
People living with HIV/AIDS: 7,800 (2007 est.)
Country comparison to the world: 113
Deaths: less than 100 (2007 est.)
Country comparison to the world: 127

Nationality
Noun: Azerbaijani(s)
Adjective: Azerbaijani

Religions
Islam 96%
Shi'a 85%
Sunni 15%
Christianity 3%
Russian Orthodox Church 2.5%
Georgian Orthodox Church 0.18%
Judaism (incl. Mountain Jews) 0.11%

Note: Religious belief is in name only in Azerbaijan; percentages for actual practicing followers are much lower.

Literacy
Definition: age 15 and over can read and write
Total population: 98.8%
Male: 99.5%
Female: 98.2% (2003 est.)

Education expenditures
2.1% of total GDP
Country comparison to the world: 162

References

Azerbaijan
Afghanistan
Heidelberg Catechism

The Heidelberg Catechism is an important Protestant document. It was written in 1563 in Heidelberg, Germany. It was intended to teach the faith of the Christian Reformed Church. It was commissioned by Elector Frederick III.

Related pages
Three Forms of Unity

Other websites
CRCNA

1563
Calvinism
Heidelberg
Protestant theology
Christian texts
Celestial Navigations

Celestial Navigations is a musical story-telling group. It was started by actor Geoffrey Lewis and musician Geoff Levin. Their performances are Lewis telling a story while electronic music is played to enhance the story. Lewis received a Drama-Logue Award for his performances.

Albums

References

Other websites

American musical groups
New Age music
August Schellenberg

August Werner Schellenberg (July 25, 1936 – August 15, 2013) was a Canadian-American actor. He is known for his role in Free Willy and in his Emmy Award-nominated for in Bury My Heart in Wounded Knee. 

Schellenberg was born on July 25, 1936 in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. He was of Mohawk and Swiss-German ancestry. He was raised in Toronto, Ontario. Schellenberg was married to Joan Karasevich until his death in 2013. They had three children. Schellenberg died on August 15, 2013 in his home in Dallas, Texas from lung cancer, aged 77.

References

Other websites
 
 

1936 births
2013 deaths
Actors from Montreal
Actors from Toronto
American movie actors
American stage actors
American television actors
American voice actors
Canadian movie actors
Canadian stage actors
Canadian television actors
Canadian voice actors
Deaths from lung cancer
Douglas Fairbanks, Jr.

Douglas Elton Fairbanks, Jr., KBE, DSC (December 9, 1909 – May 7, 2000) was an American actor. He was a highly decorated naval officer of World War II. He was the son of legendary silent movie actor Douglas Fairbanks.

Fairbanks was born on December 9, 1909 in New York City, New York. His parents divorced when he was 9 years old. He was raised by his mother, Anna Beth Sully. Fairbanks was raised in New York City, Los Angeles, Paris, and London. 

Some of his well-known movie include Outward Bound (1930), The Dawn Patrol (1930), Little Caesar (1931), Prisoner of Zenda (1937), and Gunga Din (1939). His movies began to have more commercial success.

In 1941, President Franklin D. Roosevelt appointed him a special envoy to South America.

Fairbanks was married to Joan Crawford from 1929 until they divorced in 1933. Then he was married to Mary Lee Eppling from 1939 until her death in 1988. Then he was married to Vera Shelton from 1991 until his death in 2000. Fairbanks had three children.

Fairbanks died on May 7, 2000 from a heart attack in his home in New York City. He was 90 years old. Fairbanks was buried at the Hollywood Forever Cemetery in Hollywood, California.

References

Other websites

 Douglas Fairbanks Jr  – Daily Telegraph obituary
Photographs of Douglas Fairbanks Jr.
Navy Department History entry 
1983 US passport  at Passport-Collector.com

1909 births
2000 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
American voice actors
American radio actors
American silent movie actors
Actors from New York City
Actors from Los Angeles
Actors from Paris
Actors from London
Christopher Isherwood

Christopher William Bradshaw Isherwood (26 August 1904 – 4 January 1986) was a British-American novelist and playwright.

He also wrote plays such as The Dog Beneath the Skin (1935), The Ascent of F6 (1936), On the Frontier (1939), The Berlin Stories (1945).

Isherwood was born on 26 August 1904 in Wyberslegh Hall, High Lane, Cheshire, England. He studied at Corpus Christi College, Cambridge and King's College London.
 
Isherwood was partners with Heinz Neddermeyer from 1932 until 1937. He was partners with Don Bachardy from 1953 until Isherwood's death in 1986.

Isherwood died on 4 January 1986 from prostate cancer in Santa Monica, California. He was 81 years old.

Other websites

Isherwood Exhibit at the Huntington

LitWeb.net: Christopher Isherwood Biography
Christopher Isherwood Foundation
 Christopher Isherwood Collection at the Harry Ransom Center at the University of Texas at Austin
 
Where Joy Resides An Isherwood Reader
"Cabaret Berlin"  Information on Christopher Isherwood and the entertainment of the Weimar era

1904 births
1986 deaths
Alumni of the University of Cambridge
American LGBT people
American novelists
American playwrights
Cancer deaths in the United States
Deaths from prostate cancer
English LGBT people
English novelists
English playwrights
Gay men
LGBT novelists
LGBT playwrights
Naturalized citizens of the United States
Writers from Cheshire
Paul Scofield

David Paul Scofield (21 January 1922 – 19 March 2008), better known as Paul Scofield, was an English actor. He was knownf for his distinctive voice and delivery. 

Scofield received an Academy Award and a BAFTA Award for his performance as Sir Thomas More in the 1966 movie A Man for All Seasons. He later reprised his role when he played in the stage version of the movie at the West End and on Broadway for which he received a Tony Award.

Scofield was born on 21 January 1922 in Birmingham, Warwickshire, England. He was raised in Hurstpierpoint, Sussex. Scofield studied at Varndean Secondary School. 

He was married to Joy Parker from 1943 until his death 2008. They had two children. Scofield died on 19 March 2008 in Sussex, England from leukemia, aged 86.

References

Other websites

 BBC News Interview-Paul Scofield, A Man For All Seasons

Obituaries:
The Guardian, 20 March 2008
The Independent, 21 March 2008 
The Times, 21 March 2008
The Daily Telegraph, 22 March 2008 

1922 births
2008 deaths
Academy Award winning actors
Actors from Birmingham
Actors from Sussex
BAFTA Award winning actors
Cancer deaths in England
Deaths from leukemia
Disease-related deaths in Sussex
English movie actors
English stage actors
English television actors
English voice actors
Emmy Award winning actors
Golden Globe Award winning actors
Tony Award winning actors
Stanley Holloway

Stanley Augustus Holloway, OBE (1 October 1890 – 30 January 1982) was an English movie actor, comedian, singer, poet and monologist. 

He was famous for his comic and character roles on stage and screen, especially that of Alfred P. Doolittle in My Fair Lady. He was also known for his comic monologues and songs, which he performed and recorded in his 70-year career.

Holloway was born on 1 October 1890 in Manor Park, Essex, England. 

He was married to Alice Foran from 1913 until they divorced in 1937. Then he was married to Violet Lane from 1939 until his death in 1982. He had five children.

Holloway died on 30 January 1982 in Littlehampton, England from an illness, aged 91.

Other websites

 
 
 
 Stanley Holloway pictures on Getty images
 Stanley Holloway monologue lyrics
 Stanley Holloway – The Co optimists video
 Stanley Holloway on British Pathe news 

1890 births
1982 deaths
English movie actors
English television actors
English stage actors
English radio actors
English voice actors
English poets
Actors from Essex
Actors from London
Comedians from London
Singers from London
Division of Berowra

The Division of Berowra is an Australian Electoral Division in New South Wales. It was created in 1969 and is named for the suburb of Berowra. It includes all or parts of the suburbs of Arcadia, Berowra, Brooklyn, Cheltenham, Cherrybrook, Cowan, Dangar Island, Galston, Glenorie, Maroota, Hornsby and Pennant Hills.

Members

Philip Ruddock, was first elected to the Parliament in 1973. He is the longest-serving member of the House; he was previously member for Parramatta and Dundas. He held a number of positions in the Howard Government including Minister for Immigration and Attorney-General. He retired at the 2016 election. Julian Leeser is a former lawyer who is currently writing the biography of former Australian Prime Minister, Sir William McMahon,

Election results
 2004 election results
 2007 election results
 2010 election results
 2013 election results

References

Other websites
 Division of Berowra - Australian Electoral Commission
 Phillip Ruddock's website 

Electoral divisions of Australia
New South Wales
1969 establishments in Australia
Division of Hotham

The Division of Hotham is an Australian Electoral Division in Victoria. It was created in 1969 and is named for Sir Charles Hotham, Governor of Victoria 1854-55. It covers an area of 72 km2 in the south-eastern suburbs of Melbourne. It includes Bentleigh East, Dingley Village, Moorabbin, and parts of Carnegie, Clarinda, Clayton, Clayton South, Cheltenham, Murrumbeena, Noble Park, Oakleigh, Oakleigh South, Springvale and Springvale South.

Members

Don Chipp was Minister in the Holt and Gorton Governments. He became unhappy with the Liberal Party and formed a new party called the Australian Democrats. Simon Crean, was Opposition Leader from 2001 until December 2003 and was in every Labor Cabinet or Shadow Cabinet from June 1991 to March 2013.

Election results
 2004 election results
 2007 election results
 2010 election results
 2013 election results

References

Other websites
 Division of Hotham - Australian Electoral Commission

Electoral divisions of Australia
Victoria, Australia
1969 establishments in Australia
Condominium

A condominium (or condo) is a building complex containing a number of individually owned apartments with shared facilities. In the United States and in Canada a condominium is a collection of apartment units, townhouses, garden homes or single homes that share common property together. In British Columbia condominiums are referred to as stratas. By owning a unit in a condominium, a person has access to the common facilities. The shared use of these facilities is legally guaranteed as part of the property; they share ownership of these areas. Such facilities may include hallways, a heating system, elevators, gardens, and recreational facilities.

Other websites

Houses
American Swedish Institute

The American Swedish Institute (ASI) is a Swedish American museum and cultural center in the neighborhood  of Phillips West in Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.

References

Other websites
Official website

Minneapolis, Minnesota
Museums in the United States
20th-century establishments in Minnesota
Geoffrey III, Count of Anjou

Geoffrey III of Anjou (1040–1096), called le Barbu ("the Bearded"), was a French nobleman who was the Count of Anjou 1060-68.

Early career 

Geoffrey III, born , was the oldest son of Geoffrey II, Count of Gâtinais and Ermengarde-Blanche of Anjou. Ermengarde-Blanche was the daughter of Fulk III of Anjou. Both he and his younger brother Fulk, called le Réchin, were raised at the court of their uncle, Geoffrey Martel. Both Geoffrey and Fulk were knighted by him in 1060. Geoffrey was well treated by his uncle but the count may have favored his younger nephew, Fulk. Nonetheless Geoffrey became his heir to succeed him as count of Anjou. Geoffrey III reigned as Count of Anjou until the countship was taken from him by his brother, Fulk.

Count of Anjou 

He succeeded his uncle Geoffrey Martel in 1060, but it soon became clear to his vassals he was not a very good count. Geoffrey Martel left his younger brother, Fulk, Saintonge as an appanage. In 1062, when Saintonge was attacked by Count Guy-Geoffrey of Poitou, Geoffrey did nothing to help Fulk and Saintonge was lost. In 1063 the county of Maine was lost to Anjou as well. In 1064 Geoffrey failed to come to the aid of one of his vassals, Rainaldus of Chateau-Gontier, who was captured by the Bretons. In 1065 Geoffrey angered Archbishop Barthelemy of Tours by trying to force his own choice for Bishop of Le Mans on the church. In turn the archbishop excommunicated Geoffrey. 

As the situation in Anjou became worse Fulk argued with his brother Geoffrey. Finally, in 1067, Fulk rebelled and took the county away from Geoffrey, briefly imprisoning him. In 1068 Geoffrey attacked Fulk, and once again he was defeated. This time Geoffrey was imprisoned where he remained for 28 years. Geoffrey was finally freed by the intervention of Pope Urban II in 1096. But Geoffrey died soon after his release.

Family 

Geoffrey married Julienne de Langeais before 1060. She died after 7 August 1067. They had no children.

Notes

References 

1040s births
1096 deaths
Counts of Anjou
Ermengarde-Blanche of Anjou

Ermengarde-Blanche of Anjou (–1076), was a French noblewoman who was first Countess of Chateau-Landon and secondly Duchess of Burgundy. She is also called Hermangarde in some sources. Ermengarde-Blanch was the heiress of the countship of Anjou and is an ancestress of the House of Plantagenet.

Life 

Ermengarde-Blanche was the daughter of Count Fulk III of Anjou and Hildegarde. She was involved in two marriage alliances that greatly benefited her father and brother as counts of Anjou. She was first contracted to marry Geoffrey II, Count of Gâtinais, called Ferréol, who was also lord of Château-Landon. It was important marriage to return Château-Landon to the counts of Anjou. It took between twelve and eighteen months to arrange the marriage. Meanwhile Fulk paid a great deal of attention to Château-Landon. He and his wife, Hildegarde, founded the abbey of Le Ronceray. Originally a church dedicated to St. Mary, Hildegard was very active in its rebuilding into an abbey. They gave the abbey many gifts including the forest of Lattay. They gave more gifts to this abbey than any other church or religious house. Her two sons of this marriage, Geoffrey III and Fulk both became counts of Anjou after her brother Geoffrey II Martel. Among her descendants are the Plantagenet (or Angevin) kings of England.

After her husband Geoffrey died Ermengarde-Blanche married Robert I Capet, Duke of Burgundy. Robert was the son of King Robert II of France. Because both Ermengarde and her second husband Robert Capet were both descendants of Ingelger, they were related by blood. This was found in charts prepared at the monastery of Saint-Aubin at Angers between 1048 and 1052. The ancestral charts show how closely the Angevin and Capet families were related. The charts were probably created over concerns of who Ermengarde and Robert's daughter Hildegarde could or could not marry. Ermengarde-Blanche died at Fleury-sur-Ouche on 18 March 1076. Robert died three days later at the same place on 21 March 1076.

Family 

Together she and Geoffrey II had the following children: 

 Hildegarde de Château-Landon, she married  c.1060 Joscelin I, Lord of Courtenay. 
Geoffrey III of Anjou.
Fulk IV, Count of Anjou

She married secondly Robert I, Duke of Burgundy. Together they had a daughter:

Hildegarde (–1104), who married Duke William VIII of Aquitaine

Notes

References

1010s births
1076 deaths
Dukes and Duchesses of Anjou
Division of Indi

The Division of Indi  is an Australian Electoral Division in Victoria. It is located in north-eastern Victoria. It is one of the largest divisions in Victoria. A lot of its area is in the Alpine National Park. It includes the cities of Wodonga, Wangaratta, and Benalla, and the smaller towns of Rutherglen, Mansfield, Beechworth, Bethanga, Myrtleford, Corryong, Tallangatta, Yea and Euroa. It also includes the ski resort of Falls Creek and the isolated village of Woods Point.  

Indi was one of the 75 divisions set up for the first federal election in 1901. The name Indi, was an Indigenous Australian word for the Murray River, which is one of the boundaries of the division.

Members

Famous members inlude Sir Isaac Isaacs, the Attorney-General of Australia, Chief Justice of the High Court of Australia, and the first Australian-born Governor-General of Australia.  John McEwen, who moved to Murray, became Prime Minister of Australia after the death of Harold Holt in 1967. The Labor party won the seat in 1928 when the conservatives forgot to nominate a candidate.

Election results
 2004 election results
 2007 election results
 2010 election results
 2013 election results

References

Other websites
 Division of Indi - Australian Electoral Commission
 Cathy McGowans's website

Electoral divisions of Australia
Victoria, Australia
1901 establishments in Australia
Division of Melbourne

The Division of Melbourne is an Australian Electoral Division of Victoria. It was one of the first 75 divisions set up for the first federal election in 1901. It includes the City of Melbourne and the suburbs of Abbotsford, Ascot Vale, Carlton, Clifton Hill, Colllingwood, Docklands, North Melbourne, West Melbourne, East Melbourne, Fitzroy, Fitzroy North, Flemington, Kensington, Parkville, Richmond, and parts of Brunswick and Brunswick East. It was named after the city of Melbourne, which was named in 1838 for Lord Melbourne, the British Prime Minister.

Members

Arthur Calwell was the Leader of the Opposition. Lindsay Tanner was Minister for Finance and Deregulation in the first Rudd Government.

Election results
 2004 election results
 2007 election results
 2010 election results
 2013 election results

References

Other websites
 Division of Melbourne - Australian Electoral Commission
 Adam Bandt's website

Electoral divisions of Australia
Victoria, Australia
1901 establishments in Australia
Division of Isaacs

The Division of Isaacs is an Australian Electoral Division in the state of Victoria. It covers the south-eastern suburbs of Melbourne, on the eastern shores of Port Phillip Bay. It includes Mordialloc, Keysborough, Waterways, Noble Park, Chelsea, Aspendale, Edithvale, Bonbeach, Patterson Lakes and Carrum.

The Division was named after Sir Isaac Isaacs, former Chief Justice of Australia and the first Australian-born Governor-General of Australia. It was set up for the 1969 federal election. 

The former Division of Isaacs (1949–69) covered the inner south-eastern suburbs of Melbourne, and was not related to this Division except in name.

Members

Mark Dreyfus is Attorney-General of Australia, Minister for the Public Service and Integrity, Minister for Emergency Management, and Special Minister of State in the Rudd Government.

Election results
 2004 election results
 2007 election results
 2010 election results
 2013 election results

References

Other websites
 Division of Isaacs – Australian Electoral Commission
 Mark Dreyfus's website 

Electoral divisions of Australia
Victoria, Australia
1969 establishments in Australia
Castaways of the Flying Dutchman

Castaways of the Flying Dutchman is the first book in the Castaways of the Flying Dutchman series written by Brian Jacques. It was published in 2001. It is based on the legend of the ghost ship the Flying Dutchman. A 13-year-old boy named Nebuchadnezzar (Neb for short, later he switches that backwards and becomes Ben), and his dog, Denmark (Den for short, later switched backwards to Ned), are the lone survivors of the Flying Dutchman. They have to wander the earth forever, and will stay forever young, helping those who need help.

The second book, The Angel's Command was published in 2003. Voyage of Slaves (the third and last book) was published in 2006.

Fantasy books
2001 books