cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Pioneer plaque

The Pioneer plaques were a pair of plaques that were launched into deep space on Pioneer 10 and Pioneer 11. The same image is on both plaques. The image is made up of many parts. 

There is a drawing of a nude human female and a nude human male. 

There is a diagram of the change in spin of the electron of a hydrogen particle. This diagram is meant to set up a universal unit of length and a universal unit of time for the rest of the image. 

There is a crude map of our solar system showing a spacecraft leaving the third planet, Earth. There have been negative reactions about the arrow showing the trajectory of the spacescraft. Alien species may not understand the human concept of a line and arrow. 

There is pattern of lines that looks like a star burst design. This is a map. There are 15 lines. 14 of the lines have a long binary number engraved along it. The binary numbers are distances. The distances are not in meters or kilometers, but in the universal unit of distance given by the hydrogen particle diagram. The 14 lines give the distance from the sun to 14 pulsars. The 15th line gives the distance from the sun to the center of the galaxy.

Pioneer program
Clube Atlético Mineiro

Clube Atlético Mineiro is a Brazilian football club. Atletico Mineiro was founded in 1908 in the city of Belo Horizonte, where the team plays. The team has Galo (rooster) as its mascot, for this reason the club is also known simply as Galo. 

Atletico Mineiro is one of the most traditional football clubs in Brazil, being the first champion of the modern version of the Brazilian Football Championhsip. The most important achievement of the club was the Copa Libertadores de America in 2013, which is regarded as the most important tournament in South America. 

In the last five years, Atletico Mineiro is probably passing through the most victorious period in its history, since in the last five years the team has played five out of the nine Copa Libertadores editions the team has ever disputed.

League title 

Copa Libertadores 1
(2013)

CONMEBOL Cup 2
(1992, 1997)

  Campeonato Brasileiro Série A 1
(1971)

  Campeonato Mineiro 43 
(1915, 1926, 1927, 1931, 1932, 1936, 1938, 1939, 1941, 1942, 1946, 1947, 1949, 1950, 1952, 1953, 1954, 1955, 1956, 1958, 1962, 1963, 1970, 1976, 1978, 1979, 1980, 1981, 1982, 1983, 1985, 1986, 1988, 1989, 1991, 1995, 1999, 2000, 2007, 2010, 2012, 2013, 2015)

References
 A rooster with plenty to crow about 

Brazilian football clubs
Belo Horizonte
1908 establishments in South America
1900s establishments in Brazil
Sport Club Internacional

S.C. Internacional is a football club which plays in Brazil.

League title 
 Série A : 3
 1975, 1976, 1979

Brazilian football clubs
Porto Alegre
1909 establishments in Brazil
Guarani FC

Guarani F.C. is a football club which plays in Brazil.

League title
Série A : 1
1978

References

Football clubs in São Paulo (state)
1911 establishments
1910s establishments in Brazil
C.R. Flamengo

Clube de Regatas do Flamengo (; English: Flamengo Rowing Club), commonly referred to as Flamengo, is a Brazilian sports club based in Rio de Janeiro, in the neighbourhood of Gávea, best known for their professional football team. Flamengo is the only team in the World to have 40 million fans within its country, therefore, it is the most popular club in the Americas.

Football honours

 Undefeated champion

References

Brazilian football clubs
Grêmio Foot-Ball Porto Alegrense

Grêmio Foot-Ball Porto Alegrense is a football club which plays in Brazil.

League title 
 World championship : 1
 1983
 Copa Libertadores da América : 3
 1983
 1995
 2017
 Série A : 2
 1981, 1996

 Copa do Brasil : 5
 1989, 1994, 1997, 2001, 2016

Brazilian football clubs
Porto Alegre
1903 establishments in South America
1900s establishments in Brazil
Sport Club do Recife

Sport Recife is a football club which plays in Brazil.

League titles 
 Série A : 1
 1987

 Copa do Brasil : 1
 2008

Brazilian football clubs
Recife
1905 establishments in South America
1900s establishments in Brazil
Esporte Clube Bahia

E.C. Bahia is a football club which plays in Brazil.

League title 
 Série A : 1
 1988

Brazilian football clubs
Salvador, Bahia
1931 establishments in Brazil
Botafogo de Futebol e Regatas

Botafogo F.R. is a football club which plays in Brazil.

Honors 
Série A : 1
1995

Football clubs in Rio de Janeiro
1904 establishments in South America
1900s establishments in Brazil
Club Athletico Paranaense

Club Athlético Paranaense is a football club which plays in Curitiba, Brazil.

League title 
 Série A: 1
 2001

References 

Brazilian football clubs
Curitiba
1924 establishments in South America
1920s establishments in Brazil
Santos FC

Santos F.C. is a football club which plays in Brazil.

Football honours

 Club World Cup : 2
1962, 1963
 CONMEBOL Libertadores : 3
1962, 1963, 2011
 Série A : 8
1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1968, 2002, 2004
 Brazil Cup : 1
2010

Other websites 

 Santos FC official website

Football clubs in São Paulo (state)
1912 establishments in Brazil
Joseph Karl Stieler

Joseph Karl Stieler (1 November 1781 — 9 April 1858) was a German painter. He was born in Mainz. His family were engravers and die-cutters. He received some artistic training from his father, August Friedrich Stieler (1736-1789). He began his career as a painter of miniatures.

In 1816, he traveled to Vienna and painted portrait of Emperor Francis I of Austria. Between February and April 1820, he worked on his portrait of Beethoven, which is probably the most well-known representation of the composer today.

1781 births
1858 deaths
German painters
People from Mainz
New Mills

New Mills is a town in Derbyshire, England. It is eight miles from Stockport. It is by the rivers Goyt and Sett. It is very near the county of Cheshire.  It has a population of 10,000.

History

New Mills  most known employer is Swizzels Matlow, who make children's sweets. The company transferred to New Mills from London during the Blitz. Famous brands include Parma Violets, Refresher chews, Drumstick lollies and - perhaps most famously - Love Hearts

References

Towns in Derbyshire
Guido Westerwelle

Guido Westerwelle (27 December 1961 – 18 March 2016) was a German politician.  He was Foreign Minister and Vice-Chancellor of Germany.

Westerwelle was born in Bad Honnef, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.

He was an attorney before he became a politician. From 1994 to 2001 he was secretary general of the German liberal party, the Freie Demokratische Partei (FDP). In 2001 he became the leader of the party.

Westerwelle was also the leader of the FDP parliamentary group and from 1999 to 2005 head of the opposition in the German Bundestag.

In June 2014, he announced that he had acute myeloid leukemia. He died of the disease on 18 March 2016 in Cologne, Germany at the age of 54.

He was openly gay and was in a civil partnership with sports manager Michael Mronz.

References 

1961 births
2016 deaths
Cancer deaths in Germany
Deaths from acute myeloid leukemia
Disease-related deaths in North Rhine-Westphalia
Gay men
German lawyers
German LGBT people
Government ministers of Germany
LGBT lawyers
LGBT politicians
Politicians from North Rhine-Westphalia
Politicians of the Free Democratic Party of Germany
Vice Chancellors of Germany
74 (number)

Seventy-four is a number. It comes after seventy-three and before seventy-five.

Integers
Top Gear

Top Gear is a television show on the BBC. The show is all about cars and other vehicles. They test new cars to see how fast they go. They also test really old cars and do crazy stuff with them. They usually rate cars that the normal person wouldn't be able to afford. The show started as a regular car show but has changed over time to what it is now. It uses comedy to attract viewers which are now estimated to be 350 million.

Segments

Races 
The show often has long distance races. They usually race a fast car against a different form of transportation like trains and boats. They are called 'epic' races.
They also have smaller races where they match up cars of different times to see which one outperforms the other.

Challenge 
The challenge part of the show is about different stunts of the most ridiculous things the show can come up with. One time they jumped a bus over a row of motorcycles (instead of the motorcycle jumping over buses).
Recently, the show has started using the phrase "How hard can it be?" for the challenge segment. They put themselves in different situations that a normal person probably wouldn't get a chance to experience.

Star in a Reasonably-Priced Car 
Once during every  episode (except some specials) they bring a celebrity on stage. They show footage of the celebrity driving an average car around a racetrack. They put the time it took for them to complete a lap of the track on a board with the names of all of the other celebrities who drove the same course.

Power Laps 
Power laps are one lap around the Top Gear Test Track. They will take any car that can drive and will see how fast it can make it around the track. The vehicles must be cars and they must be road legal.

Other websites 

2002 television series debuts
2000s British television series
2010s British television series
BBC Television programmes
English-language television programs
Backpacking (wilderness)

Backpacking is hiking in the outdoors with a backpack full of all your food, clothing, water, and shelter. Usually, backpackers hike in groups to stay safer. They must think to bring first aid supplies, sleeping bags, tents, rain gear, stoves, food and other camping supplies.

Backpacking may be done on short or long trips. Sometimes, backpacking groups begin at a trail head with a parking lot and hike over a weekend until they work their way back to the vehicle. On longer trips, groups may settle in at a base camp and hike for weeks or even months if they are more experienced and prepared.

When following certain rules, backpackers have the chance to leave the outdoors better than they found them. There are certain practices such as Leave No Trace that teach backpackers and hikers to pack out all waste and help conserve nature in every way possible such as not building fires in dry areas, saving water, and protecting the environment. When backpackers use these skills, they help preserve nature while getting to explore themselves while outside the influence of the rest of the world.

Leisure
Camping
Nicolas Appert

Nicolas Appert (Châlons-en-Champagne 1749 - Massy 1841) was a French inventor.

Other websites 
 Appert-Aina

1749 births
1841 deaths
French inventors
Schulze method

The Schulze method is a way of voting that is used to fill a single vacant position in an election. It was developed in 1997 by Markus Schulze. It is also known as Schwartz Sequential Dropping (SSD), Cloneproof Schwartz Sequential Dropping (CSSD), Beatpath Method, Beatpath Winner, Path Voting, and Path Winner. It is used by several organizations including Wikimedia, Debian, Gentoo, BerryTube, and the KDE.

How it works 

Voters rank the candidates in the order from the one that they most want to win to the one they least want to win. The same preference (how much the voters want the candidate to win or lose) can be given to more than one candidate, and candidates can be given no number (they are interpreted as the worst).

Next, for every pair of two candidates, the two are compared: ignoring all other candidates, which of the two in the pair is preferred by most voters? How many voters agree with the majority decision is noted.

More calculations take place. Given two candidates A and K, A is said to beat K with strength t if t voters prefer A to B, t voters prefer B to C, and so on, and t voters prefer J to K. The winner W is the candidate which beats any other candidate X with strength t, but X does not beat W with strength t.

References 
Markus Schulze, A new monotonic, clone-independent, reversal symmetric, and condorcet-consistent single-winner election method , Social Choice and Welfare, volume 36, number 2, page 267–303, 2011. Preliminary version in Voting Matters, 17:9-19, 2003.

General 
 Proposed Statutory Rules for the Schulze Single-Winner Election Method by Markus Schulze
 A New Monotonic, Clone-Independent, Reversal Symmetric, and Condorcet-Consistent Single-Winner Election Method by Markus Schulze

Books 

 Christoph Börgers (2009), Mathematics of Social Choice: Voting, Compensation, and Division, SIAM, 
 Saul Stahl and Paul E. Johnson (2006), Understanding Modern Mathematics, Sudbury:  Jones and Bartlett Publishers, 
 Nicolaus Tideman (2006), Collective Decisions and Voting: The Potential for Public Choice, Burlington: Ashgate,

Research papers 

 A Continuous Rating Method for Preferential Voting by Rosa Camps, Xavier Mora, and Laia Saumell
 Voting Systems by Paul E. Johnson
 Test Run: Group Determination in Software Testing by James D. McCaffrey
 Distance from Consensus: a Theme and Variations  by Tommi Meskanen and Hannu Nurmi
 Descriptions of voting systems by Warren D. Smith
 Election Systems by Peter A. Taylor
 Personalisierung der Verhältniswahl durch Varianten der Single Transferable Vote  by Martin Wilke
 Objective Measures of Preferential Ballot Voting Systems by Barry Wright
 Approaches to Constructing a Stratified Merged Knowledge Base by Anbu Yue, Weiru Liu, and Anthony Hunter

Other websites 

 Schulze-Methode  A tutorial by the University of Stuttgart

Voting systems
Debian
The Man from Earth

The Man from Earth is a 2007 movie written by Jerome Bixby.

The movie tells the story of John Oldman. All of the movie takes place in a small house and its porch, where Oldman tells his friends that he is a 14,000 year old Cro-Magnon caveman.

Plot 
The movie begins with the protagonist John Oldman packing up his belongings onto his truck. John Oldman is getting ready to move to a different place to live. This is when his friends come over to give him a farewell party. From their conversations it becomes evident that John Oldman and his friends are all professors in a university. After a bit of conversation, the group of friends moves into John Oldman’s house. John’s friends keep asking why he decided to “run off” so quickly. John Oldman does not answer clearly at first, but gradually becomes drawn to telling his friends what is really on his mind. He begins to tell his friends about who he really is, a 14,000 year old Cro-Magnon caveman who has survived until the present. His friends aren’t convinced, but rather constantly question John Oldman in order to prove him wrong. The talk goes on as John Oldman’s friends try to prove him wrong, in biological, historical, and religious terms.

The conversations are driven by John Oldman’s claims of his past. His claims include the following:
 That he moves on every ten years or so, when people start to notice that he doesn’t age. This, he says, is the reason why he decided to leave his friends so suddenly.
 That he had a chance to sail with Christopher Columbus, but did not, because he then still believed that the world was flat, and was afraid of falling off the edge of the world.
 That he was a friend of Vincent van Gogh and even received a picture from him as a present.
 That he studied with the Buddha in India.
 That he came back to Europe and attempted to teach what he learned from the Buddha. Such attempt became the roots of Christianity, and John Oldman is the Jesus of the Christian Bible. Afterwards Christianity became distorted and was manipulated by churches. Ultimately, today, Christianity has become something that he has never intended it to become.
 That he has ten doctorates, including that of everyone in the conversation except for Dr. Will Gruber, the psychologist.

Cast 
 David Lee Smith as John Oldman
 Tony Todd as Dan
 John Billingsley as Harry
 Ellen Crawford as Edith
 Annika Peterson as Sandy
 William Katt as Art Jenkins
 Alexis Thorpe as Linda Murphy
 Richard Riehle as Dr. Will Gruber
 Robbie Bryan as Police Officer

Reception 
Liberal online magazine Fadewblogs included the film in their list of must-watch films for atheists. IGN gave it an 8 out of 10 score.

References

Other websites 
 
 
 Film Trailer 
 
 The Man from Earth on Myspace

2007 science fiction movies
2000s psychological movies
American science fiction movies
American independent movies
Movies directed by Richard Schenkman
Movies about religion
Shaolin Monastery

The Shaolin Monastery or Shaolin Temple is a temple at Song mountain of Dengfeng, near Zhengzhou City,Henan Province, China. Now it is led by abbot Venerable abbot Shi Yǒngxìn.

It was founded in the 6th century and became the Holy Ground of Kung Fu. Now it is the Mahayana Buddhist monastery perhaps best known to the Western world.

Buildings and structures in China
Buddhist buildings
5th-century establishments in Asia
Establishments in China
Egyptian vulture

The Egyptian vulture (Neophron percnopterus) is a small Old World vulture. It is found from southwestern Europe and northern Africa to southern Asia. It is the only living member of the genus Neophron, and there are three subspecies. In Southern Asia this species is called the scavenger vulture.

When they feed on the eggs of other birds, they break larger ones by tossing a large pebble onto them. The use of tools is rare in birds, but Egyptian vultures also use twigs to roll up wool for use in their nest.

References 

Accipitriformes
Birds of Africa
Birds of Europe
Birds of Asia
Vultures
Henan

Henan is a province of the People's Republic of China. It is in the central eastern part of China. The name Henan means "south of the Yellow River." The capital of Henan is Zhengzhou.

Its major cities are Anyang, Hebi, Jiaozuo, Kaifeng, Luohe, Luoyang, Nanyang, Pingdingshan, Puyang, Sanmenxia, Shangqiu, Xinxiang, Xinyang, Xuchang, Zhengzhou, Zhoukou and Zhumadian.
Henan is now the province of China with the most people. 

The abbreviation of Henan is Yu (豫) to remember a kingdom from history yhat was in the area, and also because another province also has "He" (河) in its name, Hebei (河北).

References

Provinces of China
Pulp Fiction

Pulp Fiction is a 1994 American crime drama movie set in Los Angeles. It was directed by Quentin Tarantino. The movie stars John Travolta, Bruce Willis, Uma Thurman and Samuel L. Jackson. It is a very popular movie. Pulp Fiction is rated R for strong graphic violence and drug use, profanity and some sexuality.

Release dates

References

Other websites 

1994 crime movies
1994 drama movies
1990s crime drama movies
Academy Award winning movies
American crime drama movies
BAFTA Award winning movies
English-language movies
Film noir
Golden Globe Award winning movies
Movies about drugs
Movies about murderers
Movies directed by Quentin Tarantino
Movies set in Los Angeles
Rape in movies
American independent movies
Soju

Soju is a distilled drink. Soju literally means "burned liquor". 
This kind of distilled beverage was first found in Persia, where the distillation methods of producing alcoholic beverage originated from. But through a Mongolian who contacted Islamic culture did this kind of alcoholic beverage and the distillation techniques of making such a drink come about to the East.
As soju became prevalent throughout Won Dynasty of China, it eventually spread throughout Korea Kingdom, where it became so popular that numerous kinds of soju were created. Because soju created at that time were made from pure grains, it was very tasty and clean. It was also not so strong. However, it was very expensive simply because it was distilled.

Nowadays, soju is very popular in South Korea. Koreans enjoy drinking soju as a means of promoting friendship and getting closer to each other. Usually, people drink it with "anju", a side dish, so as to moderate its bitterness.

Alcoholic drink
Korean food
Goguryeo

Goguryeo is a dynasty of ancient Korea which was begun by Jumong () in 37 BC. It was started in the area near the Dongga River, a branch of the Abrok River. Jolbon was the capital city founded by Jumong.

The legend of the nation's birth is that Jumong was born out of an egg and brought up by King Gumwa () of East Buyeo. The name, Jumong, means a person who is good at archery. Because of his archery skills, Prince Daeso () envied him. So, Jumong felt death threats and decided to escape from East Buyeo with three friends. He went to Jolbon Buyeo and married Sosuno () who was the princess of the nation. Jumong succeeded the king and changed the nation's name to Goguryeo after his surname.

Since the first king, King Dongmyeong (), Goguryeo had been invaded by several enemies such as the Chinese Han Dynasty, and Xianbei. But, by 11th king's reign, Goguryeo had succeeded in taking control over Liaoong. Until the 24th king's period, it had had its golden age, expanding the range of the nation and driving away all the attacks from ouside. The most famous king was King Gwanggaeto the Great ().

However, when it was under the control of 27th king, Youngryou (), Goguryeo was becoming a vassal of the Tang Dynasty. Because of this, the king was killed by Yoen Gaesomoon () and a new king, Bojang () succeeded. After Yoen Gaesomoon died, the people did not cooperate with the nation well and while its control got weak, it was destroyed by the allied forces of Tang and Silla.

References

History of Korea
Royal dynasties
30s BC establishments
Wilhelm Pieck

Friedrich Wilhelm Reinhold Pieck (3 January 1876 in eastern Guben (today Poland) - 7 September 1960 in Berlin) was an (East) German communist politician. He was a member of the Spartacus League. He was joint founder, and from 1946 to 1950 co-chairman of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany (SED, together with Otto Grotewohl), and from 1949 to his death in 1960 the first and only president of the GDR.

During the Weimar Republic he was a member of the Landtag of Prussia from 1921 to 1928, and afterwards a member of the Reichstag from 1928 to 1933, both on behalf of the Communist Party of Germany (KPD).

1876 births
1960 deaths
German atheists
Members of the Reichstag (Weimar Republic)
Members of the Volkskammer
People from former German territories
Presidents of East Germany
Beth Elamen Cemetery

Beth Elamen is the only Jewish cemetery in Beirut, capital of Lebanon. Its spelling in Hebrew is "", meaning: "House of Cemetery". 

The cemetery is very close to Sodeco Square. It can also be reached using the Damascus Expressway.

Related pages
 Maghen Abraham Synagogue

Notes 

Beirut
Cemeteries
Buildings and structures in Lebanon
Broxbourne railway station

Broxbourne railway station, opened in 1840, serves Broxbourne in Hertfordshire, England. It is on the West Anglia Main Line, and train services are provided by Abellio Greater Anglia, who also manage the station.

Gallery

References

Other websites

Railway stations opened in 1840
Railway stations served by National Express East Anglia
1840 establishments in England
Daemon (computer software)

In Unix, and in  other computer multitasking operating systems, a daemon ( or ) is a computer program that runs as a background task. Many daemons have names that end with the letter "d": for example, syslogd, the daemon that handles the system log, httpd, a daemon that handles web requests, or sshd, which takes care of incoming SSH connections.

Related pages
 Server (computing)

References

Other websites
 start-stop-daemon man page  (Debian package)
 Tutorial: Unix Daemons in Perl 
 How to daemonize in Linux 
 Unix Daemon Server Programming 
 http daemon in Bash

Servers
Overcharge

Overcharge is an economic term used in legal discourse about price fixing violations. An overcharge is the difference between what a buyer or seller actually paid for a good purchased from a cartel and what the buyer or seller would have paid in the absence of a price-fixing cartel. The total amount of the overcharges paid by customers of a cartel is the major component of damages that can be recovered by plaintiffs in private antitrust suits. Under U.S. federal antitrust law, buyers injured by cartel overcharges are entitled to triple the overcharges that they are able to prove in court.

The overcharge has a one-to-one relationship to the Lerner Index, the most common measure of market power in economics. Both measures employ the same numerator (PM - PC), where PM is the observed market price and PC is the competitive benchmark price, but use different denominators. The overcharge ratio is (PM-PC)/PC, whereas the Lerner Index is (PM-PC)/PM. Both ratios are zero when a market is perfectly competitive or a cartel is ineffective in raising prices. The Lerner Index has an upper limit of one when the pure monopoly price is charged in a market. The overcharge has no upper limit.

Business
Rye House railway station

Rye House railway station is in Hoddesdon in Hertfordshire, England. It is on the Hertford East branch of the West Anglia Main Line, and train services are provided by Abellio Greater Anglia.

Services

The typical off-peak service is two trains per hour to London Liverpool Street via Tottenham Hale, and two trains per hour to Hertford East.

Other websites

Railway stations served by National Express East Anglia
1843 establishments in Europe
1840s establishments in England
Ratatat

Ratatat is a Eletronic Rock/Electronica duo with guitarist Mike Stroud and synthesizer driver and producer Evan Mast. The two met as collee students in Skidmore, started working together in 2001 under the name Cherry. In 2004 they published their debut album Ratatat which includes songs such as Seventeen Years, Germany to Germany, and Desert Eagle. Following, in 2006, Classics, then LP3, in 2008 was released.

Other works done by Ratatat are single albums and remixes of other musicians. Single albums include Seventeen Years, Germany to Germany, Wildcat, Lex, Loud Pipes, Shiller, Mirando, and Shempi. Their most recent remix album Ratatat Remixes No. 2 featured 14 remixes featuring: Young Buck, T.I, Ludacris, The Notorious B.I.G, Jay Z, Z-Ro, Devin the Dude, Juvenile, Beanie Sigel, Despot, Memphis Bleek, Slim Thug, Bun B, Young Jeezy, Kanye West, Beans, Saigon, and U.G.K.

The band is known for their unique use of eletronica style music that emphasizes guitar towards the front while keeping the beat flow in the background.

Their songs were featured in various media. Some examples would be :
Seventeen Years was featured in the 2008 movie Cloverfield.
Loud Pipes was featured in the PlayStation game MLB 07: The Show.
Dura was used in CSI Season 9, Episode 7 "Woulda, Coulda, Shoulda".
Montanita was used in Season 2 - Episode 2 of the NBC show Chuck

They have currently gone through their spring 2009 US tour, and their next upcoming show is scheduled to be in Arendal on June 23, 2009.

American rock bands
Electronic music bands
Musical groups from New York City
Binary form

Binary form ( also know as AB Form or movement of continuity)is a type of form of music pieces. The word Binary means "in two parts." The word Form is a kind of guideline for composers when they write a piece of music. So, binary form means "An outline in two parts." A musical piece in binary form is a musical piece with two sections.
Binary form was popular in the Baroque times and was often used for movements in sonatas for keyboard instruments. Each part of a binary form piece of music are usually repeated.

Minuets 
Binary form was most commonly used in the Baroque era for short dances called minuets. The minuet's two parts are usually labeled as "A" and "B." In the A section of a minuet, the exposition is stated. This section almost always is repeated a couple times. The beginning part of the B section develops a slightly new musical idea, usually going to the dominant key, to add variation. Then it returns to the "A" key at the end. Some famous composers of minuets include Johann Sebastian Bach and George Frideric Handel.

Related pages 
 Ternary form

References

Music theory
Bubble tea

Bubble tea, also called pearl tea or Boba, is a drink which comes from Taichung, Taiwan. It is made by mixing black tea with non-dairy creamer or milk and adding round "pearl" tapioca. There are many flavors other than the original one. Green tea can be used instead of black tea. Extra items such as honey, coffee or cocoa can be added. Pudding or coconut cubes can be used instead of pearl tapioca.

When it was first invented, not many people were interested in it. But after a bubble tea maker was interviewed on a Japanese TV program, it became popular among people of all ages. The popularity of bubble tea can be seen not only in Taiwan but also in other countries such as South Korea, Japan, Hong Kong, China, Southeast Asia, Australia, Canada and the USA.

Bubble tea has now arrived in England and the rest of Europe.

Things that are in bubble tea
Most bubble tea recipes contain a tea base mixed with fruit or milk, to which chewy tapioca balls or fruit jellies are added. Ice-mixed versions are usually mixed with fruit or syrup, resulting in a slushy softness. There are many varieties of the drink with a huge range of ingredients like coconut or mango. The two most popular types are bubble milk tea with tapioca and bubble milk green tea with tapioca.

The reason for choosing tapioca
At first, people made bubble tea without tapioca pearls. But Taiwanese people started to find substances to make the sweetened flavor. Tapioca came from the cassava plant, which is a root of the trees from South America. This plant is now farmed and enjoyed around the world.

Effects on the body from bubble tea
Four positive nutrients that tapioca provide are carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals, and organic compounds. These include a very low level of fat, cholesterol, and sodium . It is also known as the source of fiber, “good” cholesterol, and protein. But bubble tea has Cyanogen that are transformed in humans and animals after the plant tissue has been weakened. The blood remains oxygenated after it passes through your body and back to the lungs.

Process to make bubble tea
Bubble tea is found in Taiwanese restaurants and commonly prepared by shaking ice, milk, tea, and sugar in a cocktail shaker which resulted in a lot of tapioca bubbles. People use the same preparation to make bubble tea, just now with the added Pearls.

Additional Resources
Martin, Laura, C, Tea: The drink that changed the world. Rutland: Tuttle Publishing. p. 219. .
Tarantino, Olivia. "Bubble Tea: 25 Things You Didn't Know | Eat This Not That." Eat This Not That. 05 Oct. 2016. Web. 23 May 2016. 
Jeger, Fargette D., M. Analysis of Temporal Disease Progress of African Cassava Mosaic Virus. Phytopathology. 54; 1 91–

References 

Tea
Asian foods
An Jung-sik

An Jung-sik (1861–1919) was an artist who lived in the late Chosun dynasty. In 1918 he organized the association of paintings and writings artists (Seohwa-hyeopae;서화협회;書畵協會)'. And he founded 'Gyeong Mook Dang (경묵당;耕墨堂)' in which artists and supporters gathered and communicated with each other. As the leader of the association he made an effort to educate younger artist generation. He was excellent at landscape, portrait, flowers and birds. 

His main works are:
 Cheon-guboyeodo (천보구여도;天保九如圖)
 Nakjirondo (낙지론도;樂知論圖)
 Sansoodo (산수도;山水圖)
 Goonjakdo (군작도;群雀圖).

In his period, the western modern art was introduced to Korea, and the Korean traditional art was declining. He not only tried to succeed the traditional art but also adapt the western art, a realistic trend.

References 
고려대학교박물관 (2009), 근대서화의 요람, 경묵당, 서울, 고려대학교박물관
Biography at Naver.com

1861 births
1919 deaths
Korean people
Artists
Korean International School of Hong Kong

The Korean International School of Hong Kong (KIS) was founded on March 1988. It is in Lei King Wan, Sai Wan Ho, Hong Kong, near Tai Koo Shing. Tai Koo Shing has many Koreans.

Structure
The school has an English section and a Korean section. The Korean Section uses Korean textbooks. The students there prepare to take the KSAT (Suneung) so they can go to Korean universities. The English section uses English textbooks and follows the Cambridge International Primary Programme.

KIS has many facilities, like a tennis court, swimming pool, soft-surface playing fields, and a gymnasium. Students use the facilities for physical education classes and activities outside of classes. Higher grade students take a school trip to England.

There are many special parties during the year. Usually there is one party per month. Some of these parties are Play Day in April, Sports Day in May, Spring Concert in June, Halloween in October, and Fun Tie and Hat Day.

The students are in four "house teams"- Cougars, Eagles, Lions and Pandas. Each house has their own chant and their own colour.

Investigation
In the past the school has had problems with bribery. A person in the cleaning company paid a bribe to a school officer. So the Independent Commission Against Corruption investigated the school and arrested one person. Koreans in Hong Kong were disappointed. They said they lost confidence in the school's management.

References

Schools in South Korea
1988 establishments in Asia
1980s establishments in South Korea
Cyon

Cyon is mobile phone brand of Korean LG Electronics. The brand was launched in 1997. Cyon represents the cutting-edge technology in cellphone market world-wide. Cyon adopts "Smart technology", development philosophy that reflects users' emotions, in manufacturing products. Cyon prioritizes customers' opinions and desires in new designs. 

Cyon's headquarters are in Seoul, Korea. However, Cyon branched out to Europe, North America, South America and Asia with strategic marketing, gaining success.

Products
Cyon's first generation cell-phones were bar-types. Upon entering year 2000, second generation came to be folder style. In 2002, the third generation of slide-phones were introduced. In 2007, Cyon presented touch phones with the latest technology. Cyon cellphones have functions such as cameras, wireless internet, DMB TV, Blue-tooth and USB memory chip.

Companies of South Korea
Technology companies of Asia
1997 establishments in Asia
1990s establishments in South Korea
Battle of the year

Battle of the year (acronym BOTY) is a worldwide breakdancing tournament held every year. In 1990, Thomas Hergenröther founded BOTY in Hannover, Germany. There were 9 crews and 400 visitors at that time. As break-dancing became more popular, BOTY grew in size and found a new location in Braunschweig, Germany.

Regional BOTY (BOTY France, BOTY Korea and so on) first takes place to choose a single crew that will represent each nation in the upcoming BOTY international. Representing crews compete against each other first in a showcase in which every crew presents their own choreographed performances within 6 minutes or so. According to the rankings of the showcase, 2 semi finals in total between 1st and 4th crew and 2nd and 3rd crew takes place. The final battle follows between the winners of the semi finals to judge the champion crew of the year.

Judging Criteria for a showcase include; synchronicity, stage-presence, theme & music and choreography.
Criteria for individual B-Boys include; top rock, footwork, freeze and power move.
Criteria for a battle include; response, routines, strategy and attitude.

References

http://www.battleoftheyear.de

Dance
Takahiro Matsumoto

Takahiro "Tak" Matsumoto (born March 27, 1961 in Toyonaka, Osaka) is a Japanese guitarist. He is the lead arranger of rock band B'z.

Other websites
 

Living people
1961 births
Japanese guitarists
People from Osaka Prefecture
Foot binding

Foot binding is an old Chinese custom of wrapping girls' feet with cloth in order to stop them from growing with age. Some Chinese legends say people started binding women's feet as early as the Shang dynasty (1700–1027 BCE). However, writing says that foot binding began at the court of the Song dynasty (960–1279 CE). It lasted until the early 20th century, when it was banned by the People's Republic of China. 

Foot binding was a sign of social status. If a woman's feet were bound, it was a sign that she was a higher-class woman who did not have to do hard work. However, foot binding slowly spread to the lower classes who wanted to try and get a higher social status. By the 17th century, Chinese girls of all social statuses had their feet bound. 

Some people think that Chinese women were forced to bind their feet in order to help their husbands feel sexual pleasure. Some people also see foot binding as insulting to women. But other people argue that this view is biased against the Chinese culture in favor of modern Western standards.

Foot binding usually tried to make the feet about  long, at most. Some drastic things were done at times to try to do this. Because of this, women who had their feet bound would usually be impaired, or damaged, for the rest of their lives. The physical consequences (or results) of foot binding stayed in Chinese society until very recently, especially for women in their 70s and 80s (according to a study published by the University of San Francisco}.

When the Manchuria created the Qing dynasty, the Manchurian emperors wrote many laws banning foot binding. However, the laws did not work very well. In 1874, the first anti-footbinding committee (meeting of people) was held in Shanghai by a British priest. After the collapse of the Qing dynasty, the republican government kept trying to stop foot binding. They gave fines (orders to pay money) to women who still had their feet bound after 1915. During the early 20th century, western fashion was affecting China more and more. The People's Republic of China eventually outlawed foot binding, although this was not very successful in actually ending the practice. According to Xinhua News Agency, the last factory to make shoes for bound-feet women stopped making those shoes in 1998, in Harbin, China.

References 
 "Foot binding" Encyclopædia Britannica Online (2009). Encyclopædia Britannica. Accessed 8 June 2009.

Other websites 
The lingering influence of foot binding
Painful Memories for China's Footbinding Survivors
History and the culture of the Song dynasty

Feet
History of China
Women
Udenhout

Udenhout is a town in The Netherlands. In 1232 the abbey of Tongerlo was started which grew into the village that is now called Udenhout.

Udenhout has been part of the municipality of Tilburg since 1997.

History of Udenhout 
There was a pilgrim who arrived after long reis going in Udenhout. He knocked in a castle whose lord was hospitable. He knew that he could spend the night. When he did not aanklopte castle or one of his employees open, but a buck driver. They were descendants of Hugo de bokkerijder. They were murdered and their lord moved into the castle. The pilgrim told how God would think about. But, they are not much of. The pilgrim was thrown from the castle. He walked across and looked at again. But the castle was gone. God had heard his word and the goats driver punished. Since then we call this the castle sunk castle. There is also a district that is named after this castle and also the shape and construction of a real castle. But the actual castle is still not found.

Restaurants and Cafes in Udenhout 
 Bosch en Duin
 Gasterij Groenendaal
 Eetcafé 27-01
 De Rustende Jager
 De Stoofpot
 't Plein
 't Gommelen
 De Voorkamer
 L'Abeille
 De Heksenkethel
 Boslust
 Chinees rest. Diamant
 Chinees rest. Lei Ping
 Cafetaria Den Berk
 Cafetaria 't Haantje
 Grillroom Pizzeria STAR
 Hotel Wilshof
 't Centrum
 De Schol
 De Hemeltjes
 't Vosje

20th-century disestablishments in the Netherlands
Settlements in North Brabant
Former municipalities of North Brabant
Tilburg
HY

HY is a Japanese rock music band formed in year 2000 by five high school friends in Okinawa. Their name comes from the initials of their hometown, Higashi Yakena. The band became popular by performing music in the streets. Their first album Departure (Okinawa-only) sold out immediately. In 2002, the band did a live performance with American group, Linkin Park.

Members 
 Hideyuki Sinzato born December 4, 1983 - guitar, vocals, rap
 Syun Naka born October 5, 1983 - drums, rap
 Sinsuke Kyoda born July 17, 1983 - bass
 Izumi Nakasone born January 11, 1983 - keyboard, vocals
 Yuuhei Miyazato born February 1, 1984 - guitar

Japanese rock bands
2000 establishments in Japan
Mount Kisco

Mount Kisco is a village and a town in Westchester County, in the state of New York. One story says it was named after an Algonquian  Native American chief who once lived in the area. There is another story which says that the name came from the Algonquian word meaning the "edge of creekland", or "a muddy place". It is a suburban town about 40 minutes from New York City by car. There is also a train to New York. The village has more than 10,000 people, who live in an area of 3.1 square miles. There are approximately 2,500 families living in Mount Kisco.

Mount Kisco is a part of the Bedford School District, which has five elementary schools, one middle school, and a high school. The village is run by a Mayor and four trustees. It has a commercial hub in the center of the village. Around the Mount Kisco Library are the shopping corridors on South Monger Avenue. Mount Kisco is a relatively quiet town; however, it is currently suffering from increased traffic.

History
Before Europeans came to live in the area in the 1600s, the area was called Lenape by the Native Americans. The village of Mount Kisco became official in 1878. In 1978, it joined with several other small villages to form the town of Mount Kisco.

The first policeman, John Daniels, started work in Mount Kisco on May 7, 1877. He was paid 100 dollars a year.  The first female policeman was Donna Fotovich who started work in 1985.

Other websites
 The Mount Kisco Library
 Bedford School District

References

Villages in New York
Maslak USO Center

Maslak USO Center is a modern shopping mall in the finance and business quarter of Maslak in Istanbul, Turkey. It opened on 30 January 2000.

References

From the Grand Bazaar to modern shopping centers in Turkey. Turkish Council of Shopping Centers & Retailers (AMPD)

Buildings and structures in Turkey
Kinki Kids

KinKi Kids is a Japanese J-pop band. The members are Koichi Doumoto and Tsuyoshi Doumoto. They formed the duo in 1992, and they came out in 1997. They are from Kinki region. So, the duo named KinKi kids after Kinki region. They have same family name, but they are not relatives.

J-pop bands
1992 establishments in Japan
Scott Young (ice hockey b. 1967)

Scott Young (born October 1, 1967 in Clinton, Massachusetts) is an American retired professional ice hockey right winger.

Awards and achievements
1986: Hockey East Rookie of the Year
1987: World Junior Championship All-Star Team
1991: Stanley Cup with the Pittsburgh Penguins
1996: Stanley Cup with the Colorado Avalanche

Career statistics

Regular season and playoffs

International

References

Other websites

1967 births
American ice hockey players
American Olympic silver medalists
Colorado Avalanche players
Dallas Stars players
Hartford Whalers players
Living people
Mighty Ducks of Anaheim players
Pittsburgh Penguins players
Quebec Nordiques players
Sportspeople from Massachusetts
St. Louis Blues players
Stanley Cup champions
Scott Young (ice hockey b. 1965)

Scott Young (born May 26, 1965 in Oakville, Ontario) is a former professional ice hockey player who played in the minor leagues in North America and in Britain's top level leagues.

Career statistics

Other websites
 

1965 births
American Hockey League players
Canadian ice hockey defencemen
Ice hockey people from Ontario
Living people
Pico da Neblina

Pico da Neblina is Brazil's highest mountain. It is in Amazonas state, near the edge with Venezuela.
It is located in the Negro River Basin.

Geography of Brazil
Mountains of South America
Amazonas (Brazil)
Amazonas (Brazilian state)

Amazonas is the largest state of Brazil. It is in the North Region and borders Acre, Mato Grosso, Pará, Rondônia, Roraima and some countries of Latin America. Its main city is Manaus. In Amazonas is found the highest part of Brazil, the Pico da Neblina.

Its name was given because of the Amazons legend, and it is also the name of its major river, the second longest river in the world. Other rivers in Amazonas are Rio Juruá, Purus, Madeira, Rio Negro, Rio Içá, Rio Uaupés, and Rio Japurá.

The economy is based in mining, fishing, and industry.

References

Other websites 
 Official homepage 
 Brazilian Embassy in London's Amazonas page 

 
States of Brazil
Jurua River

Rio Jurua is a river in western Brazil, Amazonas. Its course forms a part of the border with Peru.

Rivers of Brazil
Rivers of Peru
Japurá River

Japura River or Caquetá River is a river in Brazil, Amazonas state. That is about  long. It begins in the Andes mountains in Columbia where it is called the Caquetá. The river flows through Columbia into Brazil where it is called the Japura. It empties into the Amazon river. 

Rivers of Brazil
Rivers of Colombia
Woolwich Arsenal station

Woolwich Arsenal station is a National Rail and Docklands Light Railway interchange station in Woolwich in the London Borough of Greenwich. It acts as a local station on the North Kent Line between London and Gillingham, served by Southeastern, and is the southern terminus of the Woolwich Arsenal branch of the Docklands Light Railway. The station faces General Gordon Square and is named after the nearby Woolwich Arsenal. It is the only DLR station in Travelcard Zone 4.

Services

National Rail 
The typical off-peak service from the station is:

4tph (trains per hour) to London Cannon Street via Greenwich (stopping service)
2tph to London Charing Cross via Greenwich (semi-fast service)
2tph to London Cannon Street via Charlton and Lewisham (stopping service)
2tph to London Cannon Street via Sidcup and Lewisham (stopping service)
2tph to Dartford (stopping service)
2tph to Gillingham (semi-fast)
2tph to Plumstead

The station is on the North Kent Line. Typical journey times to London are in the region of 30 minutes.

References 

Docklands Light Railway stations
Transport in the London Borough of Greenwich
London Travelcard zone 4
1849 establishments in England
King George V DLR station

King George V DLR station is a station on the Docklands Light Railway (DLR) which opened on 2 December 2005. It is named after the King George V Dock, nearby. Until January 2009, it served as a temporary terminus for the King George V branch of DLR but the line has since been extended under the River Thames to Woolwich Arsenal.

The station is in the London Borough of Newham and is in Travelcard Zone 3.

Gallery

References

Other websites 

 Street map of King George V DLR station from multimap.com
 Docklands Light Railway website - King George V station page 

Docklands Light Railway stations
Transport in the London Borough of Newham
London Travelcard zone 3
London City Airport DLR station

London City Airport DLR station is a station on the Docklands Light Railway which serves the London City Airport, and which opened in 2 December 2005. It is on the King George V branch. Trains run westbound to Bank in the City of London and eastbound to Woolwich Arsenal.

Until the extension to Woolwich Arsenal this station was the main reason for this branch.  It continues to be an important station on the DLR.  It has an excellent direct covered connection with adjacent airport terminal building.  Although the station maintains the DLR philosophy of basic good design it makes various concessions to cater for airport passengers including a fully enclosed waiting room on the central island platform.

The station is in the London Borough of Newham and is in Travelcard Zone 3.

Gallery

References

Other websites 
 Street map of London City Airport DLR station from multimap.com
 Docklands Light Railway website - London City Airport station page

Docklands Light Railway stations
Transport in the London Borough of Newham
London Travelcard zone 3
Pontoon Dock DLR station

Pontoon Dock DLR station, on the Woolwich Arsenal branch of the DLR, opened on 2 December 2005. It is in the east of Silvertown in the London Borough of Newham, and is in Travelcard Zone 3.

Gallery

References

Other websites 

 Street map of Pontoon Dock DLR station from multimap.com
 Pontoon Dock DLR station page

London Travelcard zone 3
Docklands Light Railway stations