cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Kennedy Space Center

The John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC) is a spaceport in Merritt Island, Florida, USA. It is one of the ten main locations of NASA.Since December 1968, Kennedy Space Center has been the main launch center of human spaceflight of the United States. It borders on the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, which helps the Space Center.

Facilities 
There are about 700 facilities and buildings in the  of KSC. The unique facilities of KSC are the  tall "Vehicle Assembly Building", the Launch Complex 39 (39A, 39B and 39C), the  long "Shuttle Landing Facility", the 4-storey tall "Launch Control Center", and the "Visitor Complex".

Vehicle Assembly Building

Launch Complex 39 
The Launch Complex 39 (LC-39) is a rocket launch facility of KSC. The site was originally made for the Apollo program. Later, it was modified for the Space Shuttle program. , only Pad 39A is in use to launch SpaceX's Falcon 9 and Falcon Heavy. Pad 39B is modifying for NASA's Space Launch System. The Pad 39C was added in 2015 for small rocket launches, although it is not in use.

Shuttle Landing Facility 
The Shuttle Landing Facility (SLF) is an airport of KSC. It was used for landing of the Space Shuttle until 2011. It is also used for take offs and landings for NASA airplanes, for example the Shuttle Carrier Aircraft and some civilian airplanes.

Launch Control Center 
The Launch Control Center (LCC) is a building at KSC. It controls the rocket launches from Launch Complex 39.

Factories 
Several factory buildings are on-site at KSC, for the manufacture and processing of space station components. They include the Space Station Processing Facility (SSPF), and the Neil Armstrong Operations and Checkout Building (O&C).

Visitor Complex 
The Visitor Complex is the visitor center of KSC. It has exhibits and displays, historic spacecraft and memorabilia, movies, and a bus tour of the KSC. , about 1,700,000 people visited the center.

Total launches

Related pages 
 Baikonur Cosmodrome
Cape Canaveral Air Force Station
List of tallest structures in the world
NASA

References 

NASA
Spaceports
Buildings and structures in Florida
Bradleys Head Fortification Complex

The Bradleys Head Fortification Complex is near Toronga Park Zoo. This fort was part of Sydney Harbour’s protection plan. It [the fort] remembers a time when the colony of New South Wales became more aware of its isolation and wealth. The fort is on Bradleys Head Road, Mosman, New South Wales, Australia.

History 
They first started work to build the fort in 1840-42. It had a gun pit (special place for the cannon to sit and fire from) and firing wall (pictured in intro) that was built out of large blocks of sandstone and carved partly from the original rock that was already there. The first part of the building process around this time was done under the watchful eye of Major George Barney, a Commanding Royal Engineer who used hired workers provided by Governor Gipps.

In 1871 the fort got an extra barracks. The barracks were made from large sandstone blocks and carved out of the rock on the headland. This addition was the work of James Barnet, a colonial architect. This most recent add-on had three gun pits and had connecting walkways for the people in the army that worked there. The upgrade of 1871 was complementary to some of the larger fortifications being constructed during the same period.
The site is now part of the Sydney Harbour Federation Trust.

Gallery

References 

History of Australia
Forts in Australia
Arnsberg Government Region

Arnsberg is one of the five Regierungsbezirke of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, in the southeast of the country. It covers the Sauerland hills as well as the east part of the Ruhr area.

Other websites 
 Official website
Altdorf, Schaffhausen

Altdorf was a municipality in the municipality of Thayngen and the canton of Schaffhausen in northern Switzerland.

Former municipalities of Schaffhausen
Bargen, Schaffhausen

Bargen is a municipality in the canton of Schaffhausen in Switzerland.

Other websites
Official site

References

Municipalities of Schaffhausen
Undervelier

Undervelier is a former municipality of the district of Delémont in the canton of Jura in Switzerland. On 1 January 2013 the former municipalities of Undervelier, Bassecourt, Courfaivre, Glovelier and Soulce merged into the new municipality of Haute-Sorne.

Other websites

Former municipalities of Jura
2013 disestablishments in Switzerland
Canton of Schaffhausen

Schaffhausen is a canton of Switzerland. The capital city of the canton is Schaffhausen.

Geography 
The canton of Schaffhausen is the canton of Switzerland farthest north, located to the north of Zurich.  

The Rhine Falls are the largest waterfalls in Europe and lie on the border of the canton of Schaffhausen, the canton of Zurich and Germany.

Municipalities

References

Other websites 
 Official Page (German)
 Archives (German)
 34 townships
 Official Statistics
Vellerat

Vellerat was a municipality in Delémont in the canton of Jura in Switzerland. On 1 January 2019 the former municipalities of Rebeuvelier and Vellerat merged into the municipality of Courrendlin.

References 

Former municipalities of Jura
Vermes, Switzerland

Vermes was a municipality, in the new municipality of Val Terbi and district of Delémont in the canton of Jura in Switzerland.

References 

Former municipalities of Jura
Rhine Falls

The Rhine Falls, called the Rheinfall in Switzerland, are the biggest waterfalls of Europe.

They can be found in the High Rhine in the upper parts of the river Rhine, in the municipalities of Neuhausen am Rheinfall and Laufen-Uhwiesen, near the town of Schaffhausen in the north part of Switzerland and close to the German border. They are 150 meters (450 ft) wide and 23 meters (75 ft) tall. 
The Rhine Falls were made in the last ice age about 14,000 to 17,000 years ago.

Other websites
 Rhine Falls homepage 
 old views of the Rheinfall

Waterfalls
Bodies of water of Europe
Geography of Switzerland
Beggingen

Beggingen is a municipality in the canton of Schaffhausen in Switzerland.

References

Municipalities of Schaffhausen
Beringen, Switzerland

Beringen is a municipality in the canton of Schaffhausen in Switzerland. Since 2013, Guntmadingen part of the municipality.

References 

Municipalities of Schaffhausen
Bibern, Schaffhausen

Bibern is a former municipality in the canton of Schaffhausen in Switzerland. On 1 January 2009 the former municipalities of Bibern, Altdorf, Hofen and Opfertshofen merged into the municipality of Thayngen.

Former municipalities of Schaffhausen
Vicques, Switzerland

Vicques is a former municipality of the district of Delémont in the canton of Jura in Switzerland.

On 1 January 2013 the former municipalities of Vicques, Montsevelier and Vermes merged into the new municipality of Val Terbi.

Other websites
 Official website 

Former municipalities of Jura
Le Bémont

Le Bémont is a municipality of the district of Franches-Montagnes in the canton of Jura in Switzerland.
Raisin bread

Raisin bread is a type of bread that has raisins in it. Sometimes it has cinnamon in it. It can be eaten as toast or as a dessert. Raisin bread is normally sold pre-sliced and often eaten in Northern Europe and the United States. Raisin bread is normally brown in color from the cinnamon. It is normally dryer than normal bread.

Related pages
Bread
Sweetbread
Cake
Raisin

Sweet breads
Robert Dyas

Robert Dyas is a large United Kingdom company. They sell goods that people can use in their homes and gardens. The company has over 100 stores in Greater London and South East England.

History
The company was established in 1872. It was taken over in 2004 by Change Capital, headed by former Marks and Spencer chairman Luc Vandevelde and former M&S CEO and head of B&Q Roger Holmes.

References

Other websites
Robert Dyas

Companies of the United Kingdom
Buch, Schaffhausen

Buch is a municipality in the canton of Schaffhausen in Switzerland.

References

Municipalities of Schaffhausen
Buchberg

Buchberg is a municipality in the canton of Schaffhausen in Switzerland.

References

Other websites 
Official website

Municipalities of Schaffhausen
Cologne Government Region

Cologne Government Region (German: Regierungsbezirk Köln, Kölsch: Rejierungsbezirk Kölle) is one of the five governmental districts of the German Federal State of North Rhine-Westphalia. It is in the southwest of that state. It covers the hills of the Eifel as well as the Bergisches Land.

It was made in 1815, when Prussia reorganised its districts.

Other websites
 Official website

 
1815 establishments in Europe
1810s establishments in Germany
Büttenhardt

Büttenhardt is a municipality in the canton of Schaffhausen in Switzerland.

References 

Municipalities of Schaffhausen
Dörflingen

Dörflingen is a municipality in the canton of Schaffhausen in Switzerland.

References

Municipalities of Schaffhausen
Gächlingen

Gächlingen is a municipality in the canton of Schaffhausen in Switzerland.

References

Municipalities of Schaffhausen
Guntmadingen

Guntmadingen was a municipality in the canton of Schaffhausen in Switzerland. Since 2013, it is part of the municipality of Beringen.

Former municipalities of Schaffhausen
Hallau

Hallau is a municipality in the canton of Schaffhausen in Switzerland.

References

Other websites 

 Official website 

Municipalities of Schaffhausen
Hemishofen

Hemishofen is a municipality in the canton of Schaffhausen in Switzerland.

References

Municipalities of Schaffhausen
Hemmental

Hemmental is a former municipality in the canton of Schaffhausen in Switzerland. Since 2009, it is part of the municipality of Schaffhausen.

Former municipalities of Schaffhausen
Schaffhausen
Hofen, Switzerland

Hofen was a municipality in the canton of Schaffhausen in Switzerland.  It is on the border with Baden-Württemberg in Germany. On 1 January 2009 the former municipalities of Hofen, Altdorf, Bibern and Opfertshofen merged into the municipality of Thayngen.

Other websites

 Map of Hofen, Schaffhausen, Switzerland from Google Maps

Former municipalities of Schaffhausen
Lohn, Schaffhausen

Lohn is a municipality in the canton of Schaffhausen in Switzerland.

References

Municipalities of Schaffhausen
Lohn (disambiguation)

Lohn can mean:
 Lohn, the country estate of the Swiss Federal Council
 Some of the municipalities in Switzerland:
 Lohn, Graubünden
 Lohn, Schaffhausen
 Lohn, Solothurn, now part of Lohn-Ammannsegg
Löhningen

Löhningen is a municipality in the canton of Schaffhausen in Switzerland.

References

Municipalities of Schaffhausen
Detmold Government Region

Detmold () is one of the five Regierungsbezirke of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is in the northeast of the state.

The Regierungsbezirk was created in 1947 when the old state of Lippe was put into North Rhine-Westphalia and joined to the old Regierungsbezirk Minden. Regierungsbezirk Minden was one of the original Regierungsbezirke, formed in 1815.

Other websites 
 Official website

Regierungsbezirk Detmold
Merishausen

Merishausen is a municipality in the canton of Schaffhausen in Switzerland.

References

Municipalities of Schaffhausen
Neuhausen am Rheinfall

Neuhausen am Rheinfall is a municipality in the canton of Schaffhausen in Switzerland.

The municipality is known for the Rhine Falls, Europe's largest waterfall.

References

Other websites

 Official website 

Municipalities of Schaffhausen
Cities in Switzerland
Neunkirch

Neunkirch is a municipality in the canton of Schaffhausen in Switzerland.

References

Municipalities of Schaffhausen
Cities in Switzerland
Oberhallau

Oberhallau is a municipality in the canton of Schaffhausen in Switzerland.

References

Municipalities of Schaffhausen
Opfertshofen

Opfertshofen was a municipality in the municipality of Thayngen and the canton of Schaffhausen in Switzerland.

Former municipalities of Schaffhausen
Ramsen

Ramsen is a municipality in the canton of Schaffhausen in northern Switzerland.

References

Municipalities of Schaffhausen
Rüdlingen

Rüdlingen is a municipality in the canton of Schaffhausen in Switzerland.

References

Municipalities of Schaffhausen
Düsseldorf Government Region

Düsseldorf is one of the five Regierungsbezirke of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, in the northwest of the country. It covers the western part of the Ruhr Area. It is the most populated of all German administrative areas of the kind.

It was formed in 1815 when Prussia first made districts.

Other websites 
 Official website
Schleitheim

Schleitheim is a municipality in the canton of Schaffhausen in Switzerland. It is located directly at the border to Germany.

References

Other websites

 Official website of Schleitheim
 Tourist Information

Municipalities of Schaffhausen
Siblingen

Siblingen is a municipality in the canton of Schaffhausen in Switzerland.

References

Municipalities of Schaffhausen
Stein am Rhein

Stein am Rhein is a municipality in the canton of Schaffhausen in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

 Official website 

Cities in Switzerland
Municipalities of Schaffhausen
Imperial free cities
Stetten, Schaffhausen

Stetten is a municipality in the canton of Schaffhausen in Switzerland.

References

Municipalities of Schaffhausen
Thayngen

Thayngen is a municipality in the canton of Schaffhausen in Switzerland. On 1 January 2009 Altdorf, Bibern, Hofen, Opfertshofen merged into Thayngen.

References

Other websites 

 Official website of Thayngen 

Municipalities of Schaffhausen
Trasadingen

Trasadingen is a municipality of the canton Schaffhausen in Switzerland.

References

Other websites 

 Official website 

Municipalities of Schaffhausen
Wilchingen

Wilchingen is a municipality of the canton Schaffhausen in Switzerland. Osterfingen was added to this municipality in 2005.

References

Other websites

 Official website 

Municipalities of Schaffhausen
112 (band)

112 ("one-twelve") is an American R&B quartet that came from Atlanta, Georgia. They started in 1991. In 1997 they won a Grammy Award.

African-American musical groups
Grammy Award winners
Hip hop bands
American R&B bands
Musical groups from Atlanta, Georgia
Musical groups established in 1991
1991 establishments in the United States
1990s establishments in Georgia (U.S. state)
Bucheggberg (district)

Bucheggberg is one of the 10 districts of the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland, found in the southwest of the canton. 

Bucheggberg contains the following municipalities:

Districts of Solothurn
Dorneck (district)

Dorneck is one of the 10 districts of the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland, found in the north of the canton. 

Dorneck contains the following municipalities:

Districts of Solothurn
Gäu (district)

Gäu is one of the 10 districts of the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland, found in the center of the canton. 

Gäu contains the following municipalities:

Districts of Solothurn
Gösgen (district)

Gösgen is one of the 10 districts of the canton of Solothurn, Switzerland, found in the northeast of the canton. 

Gösgen contains the following municipalities:

Districts of Solothurn
Snap!

Snap! is an electronic music group created by German producers Michael Münzing and Luca Anzilotti.

Discography

Albums
1990 World Power
1992 The Madman's Return
1995 Welcome To Tomorrow
1996 Attack!
1996 Attack! - The Remixes
2000 One Day On Earth (unreleased)
2001 The Greatest Hits
2002 The Power - Best Of Snap!
2003 The Cult Of Snap! (US: The Power Of Snap!)

Singles
1990 "The Power"
1990 "Ooops Up"
1990 "Cult of Snap"
1990 "Mary Had a Little Boy"
1991 "Megamix"
1991 "Colour of Love"
1992 "Rhythm Is a Dancer"
1992 "Exterminate!"
1993 "Do You See The Light (Looking For)"
1994 "Welcome To Tomorrow (Are You Ready?)"
1995 "The First The Last Eternity (Till The End)"
1995 "The World in my Hands"
1996 "Rame"
1996 "The Power '96"
1996 "Rhythm is a Dancer '96"
2000 "Gimme a Thrill"
2002 "Do You See The Light 2002" vs Plaything
2002 "Rhythm is a Dancer 2002" vs CJ Stone
2003 "The Power (Of Bhangra)"
2003 "Ooops up 2003"
2005 "Beauty Queen"
2006 "Excited"
2006 "We Want Your Soul"

German musical groups
Electronic music bands
Münster Government Region

Münster is one of the five Regierungsbezirke of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, in the north of the state.

The Regierungsbezirk was made in 1815. This means it is one of the original 25 Regierungsbezirke made to help govern Prussia.

The last time the boundaries of the region were changed was 1975. This was when the number of districts was changed from 10 to 5, and the number of district-free cities (urban districts) from six to three.

Other websites 
 Official website
 The Münsterland Tourism board
Caffè Nero

Caffè Nero (Italian for black coffee) or Caffè Nero Group Plc is a British coffee shop chain. It was established in 1997 and runs more than 330 shops nationwide.

Other websites
Official website
 Business Week Caffe Nero Article

Coffee houses
Companies of the United Kingdom
1997 establishments in England
Costa Coffee

Costa Coffee is a British multinational coffeehouse company headquartered in Dunstable, Bedfordshire, and a wholly owned subsidiary of Coca Cola. It is the second largest coffeehouse chain in the world behind Starbucks and the largest in Britain.[2]

Costa Coffee was founded in London in 1971 by the Costa family as a wholesale operation supplying roasted coffee to caterers and specialist Italian coffee shops. Acquired by Whitbread in 1995 for £19M, it has since grown to over 3,277 stores across 31 countries. The business has 2,121 UK restaurants, over 6,000 Costa Express vending facilities and a further 1,280 outlets overseas (including 395 in China).[1][3]

History 
Italian Immigrant brothers Bruno and Sergio Costa founded a coffee roastery in Lambeth, London, in 1971, supplying local caterers. The family had moved to England in the 1960s.[4][5] Costa branched out to selling coffee in 1978, when its first store opened on Vauxhall Bridge Road, London.

In 1985, Sergio bought out Bruno's share of the company. Bruno went on to found a tableware company.[6] By 1995, the chain had 41 stores in UK.[7] In 1995, the business was acquired by Whitbread for £19M, UK's largest hotel and coffee shop operator, becoming a wholly owned subsidiary. In 2009, Costa opened its 1,000th store - in Cardiff. In December 2009, Costa Coffee agreed to acquire Coffee Heaven for £36 million, adding 79 stores in central and eastern Europe.[8]
31st August 2018. Coca Cola offer to pay £3.9 billion for Costa Coffee from Whitbread, the acquisition is expected to go through over the next few months.

Related pages
Starbucks
Caffè Nero

References

Other websites
Costa Coffee at Motorway Services
Costa Coffee website
Costa Book Awards website
Costa Foundation website 

Costa Coffee
1971 establishments in the United Kingdom
Dunstable
Yves Ternon

Yves Ternon (born in 1932 in France) is a French historian specializing on historical research of the Jewish Holocaust and the Armenian Genocide. He is a doctor of history of University Paris IV Sorbonne. He is also an active member of Doctors Without Borders organization.

Books
Le massacre des aliénés (with Socrate Helman), Casterman, 1971.
German Doctors and national-socialism (1973), 
Armenians, history of a genocide (Threshold, 1977 and 1996), 
The Armenian Cause (Threshold, 1983), 
Investigation into the negation of a genocide (Brackets, 1989),
The criminal State (Threshold, 1995).

Other websites
LeMonde:Yves Ternon 
Ternon's biography

1932 births
Living people
French historians
Israel Charny

Israel W. Charny, Hebrew: ישראל טשרני , (born 1931 in Brooklyn, New York City) is an Israeli psychologist and genocide scholar. He is a world renowned genocide expert. He is the editor of the two-volume Encyclopedia of Genocide. He is executive director of the Institute on the Holocaust and Genocide in Jerusalem.

An affiliate of the Institute for the Study of Genocide, the International Association of Genocide Scholars was founded in 1994 by Israel Charny and other historians.
He  has been devoted to the study of the Holocaust and genocide since the mid 1960s. His first publication on the subject which appeared in Jewish Education in 1968 was "Teaching the Violence of the Holocaust: A Challenge to Educating Potential Future Oppressors and Victims for Nonviolence."

References

Publications 
Encyclopedia of Genocide
Genocide: a critical bibliographic review
The Widening Circle of Genocide
Century of Genocide Critical Essays and Eyewitness Accounts
"A Classification of Denials of the Holocaust and Other Genocides", Journal of Genocide Research 2003, 5(1), pp. 11–34.

Other websites 
Biography of Israel Charny
List of books by Israel Charny

1931 births
Living people
Israeli academics
Israeli historians
Jewish academics
Jewish American academics
Jewish American scientists
Jewish Israeli writers
Naturalized citizens of Israel
Israeli psychologists
Scientists from Brooklyn
Educators from New York City
Vahakn Dadrian

Vahakn Norair Dadrian (; 26 May 1926 – 2 August 2019) was a researcher and historian of the Armenian Genocide. He was the director of Genocide Research at Zoryan Institute.

Biography 
Dadrian was born in Istanbul. He first studied mathematics at the University of Berlin, after which he decided to switch to a completely different field, and studied history at the University of Vienna, and later, international law at the University of Zürich. He completed his Ph.D. in sociology from the University of Chicago.

Dadrian was a Professor of Sociology, and an internationally renowned expert on the Armenian genocide.

The particularity of Dadrian's research is that by mastering many languages, including German, English, French, Turkish, Ottoman Turkish and Armenian.

Bibliography

Books 
 Autopsie du Génocide Arménien. Trans. Marc & Mikaël Nichanian. Brussels: Éditions Complexe, 1995, 266p.
 Jenosid Ulusal ve Uluslararasi Hukuk Sorunu Olarak: 1915 Ermeni Olay ve Hukuki Sonuçlar [Genocide as a problem of national and international law: The World War I Armenian case and its contemporary legal ramifications]. Trans. Yavuz Alogan. Istanbul: Belge Uluslararas Yaynclk, 1995, 221p.
 The History of the Armenian Genocide: Ethnic Conflict from the Balkans to Anatolia to the Caucasus. Providence, RI & Oxford: Berghahn Books, 1995, 452p.
 German Responsibility in the Armenian Genocide: A Review of the Historical Evidence of German Complicity. Watertown, MA: Blue Crane Books, 1996, 304p.
 Histoire du génocide arménien: Conflits nationaux des Balkans au Caucase. Traduit de l'anglais par Marc Nichanian. Paris: Stock, 1996, 694p.
 The Key Elements in the Turkish Denial of the Armenian Genocide: A Case Study of Distortion and Falsification. Cambridge, MA and Toronto: Zoryan Institute, 1999, 84p.
 Warrant for Genocide: Key Elements of Turko-Armenian Conflict. New Brunswick and London: Transaction Publishers, 1999, 214p.
 Los elementos clave en el negacionismo Turco del Genocidio Armenia: un estudio de distorsión y falsificación. Translated by Eduardo A. Karsaclian. Buenos Aires: Fundación Armenia, 2002, 79p.
 Historia Tis Armenikan Genoktonias [History of the Armenian Genocide]. Athens: Stokhastis, 2002, 685p.

References

Other websites 
Complete bibliography of V. N. Dadrian 

Researchers
Armenian historians
2019 deaths
1926 births
David Selby

David Lynn Selby (born February 5, 1941 in Morgantown, West Virginia) is an American actor, mostly in movies, soap operas and on television.

Biography
The son of Clyde Ira Selby and Sarah E. McIntyre Selby, he went to West Virginia University in the town of his birth, getting him a Bachelor of Science and a Master's degree in theater, and after that, a Ph.D. from Southern Illinois University.

Awards
In 1998, West Virginia University gave Selby its first Life Achievement Award from the College of Creative Arts.

American movie actors
American television actors
Actors from West Virginia
1941 births
Living people
Lebern (district)

Lebern is one of the 10 districts of the canton of Solothurn, Switzerland, found in the west of the canton. 

Lebern district has these municipalities:

Districts of Solothurn
Olten (district)

Olten is one of the 10 districts of the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland, found by the city of Olten. 

Olten contains the following municipalities:

Districts of Solothurn
Thal (district)

Thal is one of the 10 districts of the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland, found in the center of the canton.

Thal contains the following municipalities:

Districts of Solothurn
Thierstein (district)

Thierstein is one of the 10 districts of the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland, found in the north of the canton. 

Thierstein contains 12 municipalities:

Districts of Solothurn
Wasseramt (district)

Wasseramt is one of the 10 districts of the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland, found in the south of the canton. 
 
Wasseramt contains these municipalities:

Districts of Solothurn
Waterboarding

Waterboarding is a type of torture that has been used for a long time. It was often used to make people confess.

The victim is tied onto a table or wooden board. The questioner has a helper, whose job it is to pour water on the victim's nose and mouth through a towel or cloth, to make it difficult for him to breathe. If and when the victim is supplying answers that the questioner deems acceptable, the victim (ideally) is permitted to breathe. 

In modern times waterboarding has been in use in Guantanamo Bay and has been a major political argument. Its use by American forces was banned by President Barack Obama in 2009.

References 

Torture
Aedermannsdorf

Aedermannsdorf is a municipality of the district Thal in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.

References

Other websites
 Official website 

Municipalities of the canton of Solothurn
Aeschi

Aeschi is a municipality of the district of  Wasseramt in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland. Burgäschisee is a lake in the forest on the border with Seeberg.

The municipality of Steinhof merged on 1 January 2012 into the municipality of Aeschi.

References

Other websites
Official website 

Municipalities of the canton of Solothurn
Burgäschisee

Burgäschisee is a lake by Aeschi in Switzerland. It is on the border of the cantons of Berne and Solothurn. The lake has a surface area of . It is  deep at its deepest point.

Other websites

Burgäschisee  Tourist information 

Lakes of Bern
Canton of Solothurn
Aetigkofen

Aetigkofen is a former municipality in the new municipality of Buchegg and district Bucheggberg in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.

References 

Former municipalities of Solothurn
Aetingen

Aetingen is a former municipality in the new municipality of Buchegg and in the district Bucheggberg in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.

References 

Former municipalities of Solothurn
Balm bei Günsberg

Balm bei Günsberg is a municipality in the district Lebern in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.

References 

Municipalities of the canton of Solothurn
Balsthal

Balsthal is a municipality in the district Thal in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.

References

Other websites 
 Official website 

Municipalities of the canton of Solothurn
Beinwil, Solothurn

Beinwil is a municipality in the district Thierstein in Canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.

References 

Municipalities of the canton of Solothurn
Bellach

Bellach is a municipality in the district Lebern in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.

References

Other websites 

 Official website 

Municipalities of the canton of Solothurn
Bettlach, Switzerland

Bettlach is a municipality in the district Lebern in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.

References 

Municipalities of the canton of Solothurn
Biberist

Biberist is a municipality in the district Wasseramt in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.

References

Other websites 

 Official website 

Municipalities of the canton of Solothurn
Biezwil

Biezwil is a municipality in the district Bucheggberg, in the canton of Solothurn, Switzerland.

References 

Municipalities of the canton of Solothurn
Bolken

Bolken is a municipality in the district Wasseramt in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.

References 

Municipalities of the canton of Solothurn
Boningen

Boningen is a municipality in the district Olten in the canton of Solothurn in Switzerland.

References

Other websites
 Official website 

Municipalities of the canton of Solothurn
Thousand Islands Bridge

The Thousand Islands International Bridge is an international bridge that goes over the Saint Lawrence River. It connects the north part of New York in the United States with south east part of Ontario in Canada. It was made in 1937. Builders added parts in 1959.  The bridge goes over the edge that Canada and United States share in the middle of the Thousand Islands area. It gets its name from the name of the area.  The bridge is governed by the Thousand Island Bridge Authority, an agency that works around the world.

The bridge is not a single bridge. It is really a lot of bridges that go across parts of the St. Lawrence River, eventually connecting both sides. The south end of the bridge connects with Interstate 81, an interstate.  The north side of the bridge connects to Highway 137, a highway in Ontario. There is also an intersection with the Thousand Islands Parkway, a mini highway on the Ontario side.

Thousand Island Bridge Authority is doing a study to find out when the bridge will get to its working limits and how to make no waiting time on the bridge.

The international border is between Wellesley Island in the United States and Hill Island in Canada.

The bridge is much taller than it appears in the photograph to the right. The highest point is 150 feet above the water.

References

Other websites 

Bridges in Canada
Bridges in New York
Transport in Ontario
Concrete bridges
Steel bridges
Suspension bridges
Siege of Orleans

The Siege of Orleans (1428 – 1429) was an important event in the Hundred Years' War between France and England. This was Joan of Arc's first success and the first big success for the French since the Battle of Agincourt in 1415. 

The city of Orleans was at an important place on the river Loire. The English controlled large parts of France when they started the siege, and Orleans was the last thing stopping them from attacking the rest of France. There was not much south of the river to defend the people who served Charles VII of France, so the English came close to joining their northern lands in France with the land they controlled at Aquitaine.

The siege started on October 12, 1428 and its only major action until Joan of Arc arrived was the Battle of the Herrings. She initiated several attacks that ended the siege on May 8, 1429 - nine days after her arrival.

Orleans
Orléans
1428
1429
1420s in Europe
15th century in England
15th century in France
Orleans
Battle of Agincourt

The Battle of Agincourt was fought on 25 October 1415 and was a major win for England against France in the Hundred Years' War. It led to several later English victories. Henry V of England led the English army and Constable of France Charles d'Albret led a larger French army. King Charles of France didn't engage because he was mentally unwell. Henry V was involved in hand to hand combat and was struck by an axe but his helmet saved him.    

The English longbow was an important weapon for killing and winning this battle. It was more powerful than the French crossbow and they had more of them. The majority of the army were bowmen. The English army used sharp wooden archer's stakes to protect the archers from French mounted knights. 

The English took prisoners but killed all except those of high rank. Overall the French lost 8000 men and the English lost 100 but historians are unsure of the actual numbers. The French mainly lost because they wore heavy armour and got stuck in the sticky mud at Azincourt (Agincourt).

Agincourt
1415
15th century in England
15th century in France
October events
Charles V of France

Charles V (21 January 1338 – 16 September 1380), called the Wise, was the King of France from 1364 to his death and a member of the House of Valois. He was born in Vincennes, the son of King John II of France and Bona of Luxembourg. After his father was captured by the English at the Battle of Poitiers (1356), Charles acted as the ruler of France. His reign marked a high point for France during the Hundred Years' War. His armies recovered large parts of the territory that had been given to England at the Treaty of Brétigny.

House of Valois
Kings and Queens of France
1338 births
1380 deaths
14th century in France
Émile Zola

Émile Zola () (2 April 1840 – 29 September 1902) was a major French writer and the most important naturalist writer.  He worked toward political liberalization of France.

Zola was nominated for the first and second Nobel Prize in Literature in 1901 and 1902. His death from carbon monoxide poisoning is suspected to have been suicide.

Works by Emile Zola 
 Contes á Ninon, (1864)
 La Confession de Claude (1865)
 Thérèse Raquin (1867)
 Madeleine Férat (1868)
 Le Roman Experimental (1880)
 Les Rougon-Macquart
 La Fortune des Rougon (1871)
 La Curée (1871–72)
 Le Ventre de Paris (1873)
 La Conquête de Plassans (1874)
 La Faute de l'Abbé Mouret (1875)
 Son Excellence Eugène Rougon (1876)
 L'Assommoir (1877)
 Une Page d'amour (1878)
 Nana (1880)
 Pot-Bouille (1882)
 Au Bonheur des Dames (1883)
 La Joie de vivre (1884)
 Germinal (1885)
 L'Œuvre (1886)
 La Terre (1887)
 Le Rêve (1888)
 La Bête humaine (1890)
 L'Argent (1891)
 La Débâcle (1892)
 Le Docteur Pascal (1893)
 Les Trois Villes
 Lourdes (1894)
 Rome (1896)
 Paris (1898)
 Les Quatre Evangiles
 Fécondité (1899)
 Travail (1901)
 Vérité (1903, published posthumously)
 Justice (unfinished)

References

Other websites 
 Émile Zola, his work in audio version  

French journalists
French novelists
French playwrights
1840 births
1902 deaths
Accidental deaths in France
Deaths from carbon monoxide poisoning
Capetian dynasty

The Capetian Dynasty includes any of the direct descendants of Hugh Capet of France. King Felipe VI of Spain and the grand duke of Luxembourg are members of this family, both through the Bourbon branch of the dynasty.

The direct Capetians ruled France from the years 987-1328. After that the junior House of Valois ruled France until 1589, and the House of Bourbon ruled until the revolution of 1792.

History of France
Charles the Bald

Charles the Bald (13 June 823 - 6 October 877) was King Charles II of France (843-877) and also Charles II of the Holy Roman Empire (875-877) and King of West Francia (840-877).

Marriages, family and children
Charles married Ermentrude, daughter of Odo I, Count of Orléans, in 842. She died in 869. In 870, Charles married Richilde of Provence, who was descended from a noble family of Lorraine.

With Ermentrude:
 Judith (844–870), married firstly with Athelwulf of Wessex, secondly with Athelbald of Wessex (her stepson) and thirdly with Baldwin I of Flanders
 Louis the Stammerer (846–879)
 Charles the Child (847–866)
 Lothar the Lame (848–866), monk in 861, became Abbot of Saint-Germain
 Carloman (849–876)
 Rotrud (852–912), a nun, Abbess of Saint-Radegunde
 Ermentrud (854–877), a nun, Abbess of Hasnon
 Hildegard (born 856, died young)
 Gisela (857–874)
 Godehilde (864-907)

With Richilde:
 Rothild (871–929), married firstly to Hugues, Count of Bourges and secondly to Roger, Count of Maine
 Drogo (872–873)
 Pippin (873–874)
 a son (born and died 875)
 Charles (876–877)

References 

823 births
877 deaths
Kings and Queens of France
Holy Roman Emperors
9th century in Europe
Louis the Stammerer

Louis the Stammerer (November 1, 846 — April 10, 879; ), was the oldest son of Charles the Bald and Ermentrude of Orléans.  He became King of France after his father in France in 877.  Unlike his father, he never became Holy Roman Emperor.

In 878, Louis is crowned king by Pope John VIII

Louis the Stammerer married twice.  With his first wife Ansgarde of Burgundy he had two sons: Louis III of France (born in 863) and Carloman, King of the West Franks (born in 866).  Both of them became kings of France.  They also had two daughters: Hildegarde (born in 864) and Gisela (865–884).  With his second wife, Adelaide of Paris, he had one daughter, Ermentrude (875–914) — who was the mother of Cunigunde, wife of the Count Palatine Wigerich of Bidgau; they were the ancestors of the House of Luxemburg —, and a posthumous son, Charles the Simple, who also became a king of France.

References

846 births
879 deaths
Kings and Queens of France
Gabdulla Tukay

Gabdulla Tukay (April 26, 1886 - April 15, 1913) was a Tatar poet, a classic of the Tatar literature, a critic and a publicist. Tukay was the founder of the modern Tatar literature and the modern Tatar literary language. 

1886 births
1913 deaths
Tatars
Russian poets
Metropolis (movie)

Metropolis (1927) is a West German silent science drama movie. It was written and directed by Fritz Lang. It was made in Germany. It was the most expensive silent movie of the time.  The movie is set in 2026 in a city-state called Metropolis. People have been divided into two groups. One group is the thinkers. They live on the Earth in luxury. The other group is the workers. They work underground. They make the life of the thinkers possible. 
The movie features special effects and set design. Lang took his inspiration for the sets from Manhattan. The movie opened in Germany in January 1927. It opened in the United States in March 1927. The American print is the only surviving copy.

References

Other websites 

 Metropolis: A Film Far Ahead of its Time 
 The official site of the new restoration 
 About restoring 'Metropolis' 
 Metropolis novelization by Thea von Harbou
 Metropolis at the UNESCO Memory of the World register
 
 
 Metropolis at MetaCritic
 

1927 movies
Science fiction movies
German silent movies
German science fiction movies
Movies directed by Fritz Lang
Dystopian movies
Mathematical proof

A mathematical proof is a way to show that a mathematical theorem is true. To prove a theorem is to show that theorem holds in all cases (where it claims to hold). To prove a statement, one can either use axioms, or theorems which have already been shown to be true. Many techniques for proving a statements exist, and these include proof by induction, proof by contraction and proof by cases.

Proof by induction 

One type of proof is called proof by induction. This is usually used to prove that a theorem holds for all numbers (or all numbers from some point onwards). There are 4 steps in a proof by induction.

1. State that the proof will be by induction, and state which variable will be used in the induction step.

2. Prove that the statement is true for some beginning case.

3. Assume that for some value n = n0, the statement is true and has all of the properties listed in the statement. This is called the induction step.

4. Show that the statement is true for the next value, n0+1.

Once that is shown, it would mean that for any value of n that is picked, the next one is true. Since it is true for some beginning case (usually n=1), it's true for the next one (n=2). And since it is true for 2, it must be true for 3. And since it is true for 3, it must be true for 4, etc. Induction shows that it is always true, precisely because it is true for whatever comes after any given number.

An example of proof by induction is as follows:

Prove that for all natural numbers n, 2(1+2+3+....+n-1+n)=n(n+1).

Proof: First, the statement can be written as "For all natural numbers n, 2=n(n+1)."

By induction on n,

First, for n=1, 2=2(1)=1(1+1), so this is true.

Next, assume that for some n=n0 the statement is true. That is, 2 = n0(n0+1).

Then for n=n0+1, 2 can be rewritten 2(n0+1) + 2.

Since 2 = n0(n0+1), 2n0+1 + 2 = 2(n0+1) + 2n0(n0+1).

So 2(n0+1) + 2n0(n0+1)= 2(n0+1)(n0 + 2), which completes the proof.

Proof by contradiction 
Proof by contradiction is a way of proving a mathematical theorem by showing that if the statement were false, then there would be a logical contradiction involved. That is, if one of the results of the theorem is assumed to be false, then there would be some inconsistency with the logic.

When proving a theorem by way of contradiction, it is important to note that in the beginning of the proof. This is usually abbreviated BWOC. When the contradiction appears in the proof, there is usually a ⨳ symbol involved.

Related pages
 Constructive proof
 Direct proof
 Mathematical logic
 Quadratic equation, which can be solved using a kind of proof called "completing the square"
 Reductio ad absurdum

References 

Mathematics
The Wicker Man (1973 movie)

The Wicker Man is a cult 1973 British horror movie, made and set in Scotland. The movie was directed by Robin Hardy and written by Anthony Shaffer. It stars Edward Woodward, Christopher Lee, Diane Cilento, Ingrid Pitt and Britt Ekland. Paul Giovanni composed the soundtrack.

A police sergeant, Neil Howie goes to a remote island in the Hebrides to investigate the disappearance of a young girl, Rowan. He finds out that the island is run by a pagan cult who are hostile of outsiders, including him. They practice human sacrifice. He believes that Rowan will be used as their human sacrifice. The islanders force Neil into a wicker man and burn him to death.

The Wicker Man is generally very highly regarded by critics. Movie magazine Cinefantastique described it as "The Citizen Kane of Horror Movies", and in 2004 the magazine Total Movie named The Wicker Man the sixth greatest British movie of all time. It also won the 1978 Saturn Award for Best Horror movie. A scene from this movie was #45 on Bravo's 100 Scariest Movie Moments.

The 2006 remake of this movie stars Nicolas Cage.

References
 Brown, Allan, Inside The Wicker Man: The Morbid Ingenuities, London: Macmillan, 2000. .
 Catterall, Ali & Wells, Simon, Your Face Here: British Cult Movies Since The Sixties, Fourth Estate, 2001.

Other websites

 wicker-man.com An extensive fansite devoted to the movie
 
 
 Interview: Director Robin Hardy talks about the film to Fortean Times
 Interview with director Robin Hardy about The Wicker Man and Cowboys For Christ in MungBeing

1973 horror movies
1970s mystery movies
British horror movies

Cult movies
Movies about murderers
Movies about police officers
Movies set in Scotland
Ushuaia

Ushuaia is the capital city of the Argentine province of Tierra del Fuego. The climate is cool and wet. About 64,000 people live there.

References 

Cities in Argentina
Capitals of Argentine provinces
Puerto Iguazú

Puerto Iguazú is a city in the province of Misiones, Argentina. The city is near the Iguazu Falls. More than 32,000 people live in Puerto Iguazú.

Cities in Argentina
La Plata

La Plata is a capital city of the Buenos Aires province, Argentina. More than 600,000 people live there.

Cities in Argentina
Capitals of Argentine provinces
Buenos Aires Province
Mendoza

Mendoza is the capital city of the Mendoza Province in Argentina. It is the 4th largest city in Argentina.

Population 
It has about 111,000 inhabitants, with another 848,660 more inhabitants in the city area.

Cities in Argentina
Capitals of Argentine provinces
Córdoba Province (Argentina)

Córdoba is a Province of Argentina.

The city of Córdoba is its capital.

Population
Córdoba has a population of 3,066,801 inhabitants (as of 2001).

Provinces of Argentina
Cristina Fernández de Kirchner

Cristina Elisabet Fernández de Kirchner (February 19, 1953), also called Cristina Fernández or Cristina Kirchner, is an Argentine attorney and politician. She has been the Vice President of Argentina since 2019. She was the President of Argentina from 2007 to 2015. She was born in La Plata, Buenos Aires Province. She is the daughter of Eduardo Fernandez ( of Spanish descent) a bus driver, and Ofelia Esther Wilhelm (of German descent). She is a lawyer and she was married to former Argentinian president Néstor Kirchner from 1975 until his death in 2010.

She was elected president in October 2007. She was re-elected to a second term in October 2011.

In October 2019, she was elected Vice President with Alberto Fernández as president.

References

1953 births
Living people
Argentine lawyers
First Ladies and Gentlemen of Argentina
Néstor Kirchner
People from Buenos Aires
Presidents of Argentina
Roman Catholics
Vice Presidents of Argentina
Women lawyers
Women politicians
Río Cuarto

Río Cuarto is a city in the center of Argentina.

In 2010, 157,000 people lived there, making it Córdoba Province's third largest city.

Cities in Argentina
Salta City

Salta is a city in the north of Argentina.

It is the capital of Salta Province. In 2010, 618,375 people lived there.

Cities in Argentina
Capitals of Argentine provinces
List of Argentine football teams

This is a list of Argentine football teams by Division. Teams are in alphabetical order.

Primera División (2018-19) 

(Source:)

Primera B Nacional (2018-19)

Primera B Metropolitana (2014)

References 

Lists of football teams
C.A. River Plate

Club Atlético River Plate, commonly known as River Plate, is an Argentine professional football club. They are based in Buenos Aires, and play their home games at Estadio Monumental. 

The name of the club is English for Río de la Plata. They are the most succcessful club in Argentina, with 36 league titles. River Plate has a very strong rivalry with Boca Juniors, mainly because both teams are from Buenos Aires and also are considered the biggest teams in Argentina. Matches between them sometimes involve violence between supporters.

Current squad

Related pages
 List of Argentine football teams

References 

Argentine football clubs
Flag of Argentina

The national flag of Argentina was created in 1812 by Manuel Belgrano.

Appearance 
It has three horizontal bands in light blue, white and light blue; and a yellow sun in the center.

Argentina
Argentina
José de San Martín

José de San Martín (1778 - 1850) was an Argentine general and politician.  He was born in Yapeyú, Corrientes, Spain. He liberated Argentina, Peru and Chile from Spain. In 1817, he crossed the Andes from Mendoza to Chile. Together with Simón Bolívar, San Martín is called one of the Liberators of South America.

1778 births
1850 deaths
Argentine generals
Argentine politicians
Tandil

Tandil is a city of the Buenos Aires Province, Argentina.

Location 
The city is about 330 km from La Plata and Bahía Blanca, 160 km from Mar del Plata, and 360 km from Buenos Aires

Population
Its population is about 110,000 inhabitants.

Cities in Argentina
Buenos Aires Province
Bahía Blanca

Bahía Blanca is a city in Buenos Aires Province, Argentina.

History 
The city was founded in 1828, it has a population is about 275,000 inhabitants.

Location 
It is in the coast of the Atlantic Ocean.

Cities in Argentina
Buenos Aires Province
1828 establishments
19th-century establishments in Argentina
1820s establishments in South America
Bariloche

San Carlos de Bariloche, also known as Bariloche, is a city of Argentina in the Río Negro Province.

Location 
The city is located on the Andes, 1570 km south-east of Buenos Aires.

Population 
Barilloche has a population of 93.101 inhabitants. It's the largest city in Río Negro.

Understand 

Cities in Argentina
Aconcagua

Aconcagua is the highest mountain in the Americas, and the highest outside Asia. The altitude is 6,962 meters, or 22,841 feet. It is one of the Seven Summits.

Location 
It is the Andes, in the Argentine province of Mendoza.

References 

Andes
Mountains of Argentina
Bad Doberan (district)

Bad Doberan is a former district in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Germany.

In the Middle Ages the region was made rich because Hanseatic city of Rostock was close. Today the city of Rostock is surrounded by the district, but not a part of it.

In 1793 the bathing resort of Heiligendamm (today a borough of Bad Doberan) was started, and the region became a summer residence for the dukes of Mecklenburg-Schwerin.

In 1952 the districts of Bad Doberan and Rostock-Land were made. They were joined in 1994 to make the present district.

Coat of arms

Towns and municipalities

Other websites 
 Official website  (German)
 Regional Tourist Centre for the Baltic Sea Coast (English, German, Dutch)

Former rural districts of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania
1994 disestablishments in Europe
20th-century disestablishments in Germany
Demmin (district)

Demmin () is a former district in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Germany.

The district was made in 1994 by joining the old districts of Demmin, Altentreptow and Malchin.

Coat of arms

Towns and municipalities

Other websites 
 Official website  (German)