cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Paintball

Paintball is a sport in which players try to eliminate opponents by shooting each other with balls of coloured dye. The players can compete either in teams or individually. The balls of dye (called "paintballs") are shot through a device called a paintball marker (or paintball gun). When the paintballs hit, they release the dye. When they hit a player, the dye marks that player as eliminated. The game is often played as an organised competitive sport, involving leagues, tournaments, and professional teams.

Paintball can be played indoors or outdoors, on fields specifically made for the game. The field is scattered with natural or artificial obstacles and terrain, which players use to hide behind. The objective can vary according to the type of game being played. Players may have to capture a flag held by the opposing team, defend or capture a particular point on the field, or simply eliminate all other players on the field until they are the only player or team remaining. Depending on the variant played, games can last from seconds to hours.

In many countries, paintball is regulated by specific laws. Players are usually required to wear protective gear (such as masks), and game rules are strictly enforced. Paintball is also used by military forces and law enforcement for training recruits.

Terrain 
The playing field is scattered with several obstacles. These are used to block the view of opponents and prevent them from firing accurately. They may be a shelter, fallen tree, barrels, or a cylindrical tube. In most modern speedball tournaments, inflatable vinyl objects of different shapes and sizes are used.

Variations 

 Scenario paintball - Scenario paintball games strive to be the most realistic paintball games you can play.  Scenario paintball games are usually based on a story line such as the Battles of Normandy or Iwo Jima, however they are not all limited to World War II. Some go into the realm of Sci-Fi and play out an alien invasion. In nearly every Scenario game there are props, character players, paintball grenades, smoke bombs and sometimes vehicles and bodies of water as well. Scenario Paintball is very similar to big Airsoft games. Scenario games also last much longer than the other types of paintball  games, usually lasting anywhere from 12 hours to several days.

 Capture the Flag - There are two variations of this type: Normal two flag, and center flag. In the normal two flag type game, each team has a flag on opposite sides of the field. The objective is to capture the opposing team's flag and return it to your base. Center flag is where there is a single flag in the center of the field. The objective is to get the flag and take it to the far side of the field.

 Elimination - The objective is to simply eliminate everyone else on the other team. Games typically last from 15-20 minutes. Big games, however, can last hours. Most big games have rejuvenation every half hour or so, so if you get out in the first 10 minutes, you're not sitting on the sidelines for two hours.

References

Other websites 

 
Team sports
Sham marriage

A sham marriage is when people get married just for the sake of convenience or to deceive the public or society. Entering such marriages is a violation of the law in some countries. Usual reasons for sham marriages are to gain immigration rights for one of the spouses or to create defense against the suspicion of homosexuality.

Marriage
Crime
Lavender marriage

The term lavender marriage relates to man-woman marriage which is for purposes of hiding homosexuality. This is called a "beard" in slang terminology. The term lavender marriage was started in the 1920s. Such marriages are called marriages of convenience. They are done to protect public reputations and preserve careers of some people.

Marriage
LGBT
1920s establishments
Mail-order bride

Mail-order brides are women who list themselves in catalogs and are picked by males for marriage. The term mail-order bride dates back to the 19th century. These brides often come from one country and immigrate to another for marriage reasons.

Marriage
Paula Prentiss

Paula Prentiss (born March 4, 1938) is an American movie and television series actress. She first became famous in the 1960s. She played Bobbie Markowe in the 1975 movie version of The Stepford Wives. She played a maternity nurse in the 1996 movie Mrs. Winterbourne.

Prentiss was born in San Antonio, Texas.

American television actors
American movie actors
Actors from San Antonio, Texas
1938 births
Living people
Alice Faye

Alice Faye (May 5, 1915 – May 9, 1998) was an American singer and actress. She was first in movies made by the 20th Century Fox, and then in other movies. She sang the Academy Award winning "You'll Never Know", a 1943 song. She also acted in the movie Poor Little Rich Girl in 1936 with Shirley Temple.

Faye was born in New York City. She died from stomach cancer at age eighty-three.

Actors from New York City
American movie actors
1915 births
1998 deaths
Deaths from stomach cancer
Cassette player

A cassette player (or cassette deck) is a machine can play audio cassettes. 
Some cassette players also can record music or other sounds to cassette tapes. If a microphone is built in, there is no need for a separate microphone but in that case the quality of sound may not be so good. Most cassette decks were made in the late 20th century.

audio technology
Music technology
Lucrezia Borgia

Lucrezia Borgia  (18 April 1480 – 24 June 1519) was the daughter of Pope Alexander VI, and his long-term mistress Vannozza dei Cattanei. Her brothers included Cesare Borgia, Giovanni Borgia, and Gioffre Borgia.

Lucrezia's family was typical of the ruthless Machiavellian politics and sexual corruption of the times. It was alleged to be characteristic of the Renaissance Papacy. Lucrezia was cast as a femme fatale, a role seen in many artworks, novels, and films.

Very little is known for sure about Lucrezia. Whether she was involved in the political activities of her father and brothers is unclear. They certainly arranged several marriages for her to important and powerful men. Presumably, this helped their own political ambitions. Lucrezia was married to Giovanni Sforza (Lord of Pesaro), Alfonso of Aragon (Duke of Bisceglie), and Alfonso I d'Este (Duke of Ferrara). Tradition has it that Alfonso of Aragon was an illegitimate son of the King of Naples and that her brother Cesare may have had him murdered when his political value faded.

Appearance 
Lucrezia is described as having heavy blonde hair which fell past her knees, a beautiful complexion, hazel eyes which changed colour, a full, high bosom, and a natural grace which made her appear to "walk on air". These features were highly appreciated in Italy during that period. Another description said that "her mouth is rather large, the teeth brilliantly white, her neck is slender and fair, and the bust is admirably proportioned".

One painting, Portrait of a Youth by Dosso Dossi at the National Gallery of Victoria, was identified as a portrait of Lucrezia in November 2008. This painting may be the only surviving formal portrait of Lucrezia Borgia; however, doubts have been cast on that claim. Several other paintings, such as Veneto's fanciful portrait, have also been said to depict her but none has been accepted by scholars at present.

Rumours 
Several rumours have persisted throughout the years, especially about the extravagant parties thrown by the Borgia family. There were allegations of incest, poisoning, and murder on her part, but no historical basis for these rumours has ever been found. Most of the allegations were made by the rivals of the Borgias.

 It is rumoured that Lucrezia was in possession of a hollow ring that she used to poison drinks.
 An early 20th century painting by Frank Cadogan Cowper that hangs in the London art gallery, Tate Britain, portrays Lucrezia taking the place of her father, Pope Alexander VI, at an official Vatican meeting. This apparently documents an actual event, although the precise moment depicted (a Franciscan friar kissing Lucrezia's feet) was invented by the artist.

Biographies
Lucrezia Borgia: life, love and death in Renaissance Italy by Sarah Bradford; Viking 2004; 
Lucrezia Borgia: a biography by Rachel Erlanger; 1978; 
Lucrezia Borgia by Maria Bellonci; Phoenix 2002; 
 The Borgias (1971) by Michael Mallett
Lucretia Borgia (1874?) by Ferdinand Gregorovius; translated in 1903 by John Leslie Garner
 The Borgias by Christopher Hibbert; Constable 2011;

References 

1480 births
1519 deaths
House of Borgia
Helen Menken

Helen Menken (December 12, 1901 – March 27, 1966) was an American actress. She did some movies but was known mostly for stage plays. She began acting on Broadway around 1917. She was very active from the 1920s to the early 1940s. Her greatest stage successes were Seventh Heaven (1922-24), The Old Maid and Mary of Scotland.

Menken was born in New York City. She died there when she suffered a heart attack at the age of 64.

American movie actors
American stage actors
1901 births
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Actors from New York City
1966 deaths
Judith Anderson

Dame Judith Anderson AC DBE (10 February 1897 – 3 January 1992) was an Australian actress. She lived in the United States and performed on stage, television and movies. She received two Emmy Awards and a Tony Award for her acting. Her Hollywood movies included the Academy Award-nominated movie Rebecca, Laura in 1944 and The Diary of a Chambermaid in 1946. Anderson was born in Adelaide, South Australia, although she later relocated to Santa Barbara, California. Anderson died of pneumonia at 94.

References

1897 births
1992 deaths
Actors from Adelaide
Australian television actors
Australian movie actors
Deaths from pneumonia
Emmy Award winning actors
Infectious disease deaths in California
Knights and Dames Commander of the Order of the British Empire
Tony Award winning actors
2NE1

2NE1 () was a K-pop girl group from South Korea. They were formed in 2009 and split in 2016. They are best known for their nine number one hit songs in South Korea. They are "Try to Follow Me", "Go Away", "Lonely", "I Am the Best", "Ugly", "I Love You", "Falling in Love", "Missing You", and "Come Back Home". Before their split, 2NE1 was one of the most successful girl groups in South Korea.

History 
2NE1's first single was "Lollipop" and came out in March 2009 featuring BIGBANG. Their official debut single "Fire" was released on May 6, 2009.

Their second single "I Don't Care" was released on 1 July 2009. "I Don't Care" achieved great success, topping various Korean music shows and was also the most downloaded song of the year. By the end of 2011 the song had sold 4,503,928 digital copies, becoming one of the most successful singles of all-time in Korea.

During 2011 and 2012, 2NE1 was active in Japan, and made some Japanese versions of their songs.

After the release of their second album Crush in 2014, the group became inactive for 2 years. Minzy left in March 2016, while the rest of the group broke up in November 2016. Their last song, Goodbye, was released in 2017 with the remaining members.

Albums 
2NE1 1st Mini Album (2009)
To Anyone (2010)
2NE1 2nd Mini Album (2011)
Nolza (2011)
Collection (2012)
Crush (2014)
Goodbye (2017, a single)

References 

K-pop music groups
South Korean girl groups
2000s music groups
2007 establishments in South Korea
2010s disestablishments in Asia
Musical groups established in 2007
Musical groups disestablished in 2016
Disestablishments in South Korea
Martha Raye

Martha Raye (August 27, 1916 – October 19, 1994) was an American comedian, singer and actress. She began acting in movies and then acted in television series. She had her own show, The Martha Raye Show during the mid 1950s. She also appeared as Carrie on CBS' sitcom Alice.

Raye was born in Montana. She died from pneumonia at age 78 in Los Angeles.

Musicians from Montana
Singers from Montana
American television actors
American movie actors
Comedians from Montana
1916 births
1994 deaths
Actors from Montana
Deaths from pneumonia
Ida Lupino

Ida Lupino (February 4, 1918 – August 3, 1995) was an English-American author, director and actress. She appeared in almost sixty movies and directed seven others. She was also in television series, including The Donna Reed Show and Gilligan's Island. She retired from acting at sixty. Ida died in Los Angeles when she suffered a stroke at age seventy-seven.

English movie actors
American television actors
American movie actors
1918 births
1995 deaths
Deaths from stroke
English television actors
Elisabeth Moss

Elisabeth Moss (born 24 July 1982) is an American actress. She works in both movies and television. She played Zoey Bartlet in The West Wing and Peggy Olson in the series Mad Men. Moss was born in Los Angeles.

References 

American television actors
American movie actors
Actors from Los Angeles
1982 births
Living people
Ruby Dee

Ruby Dee (née Wallace; October 27, 1922 – June 11, 2014) was an American actress, screenwriter and playwright. She acted in many television series and movies. She won many awards, including Grammy Awards and Emmy Awards. She starred in Do the Right Thing, Jungle Fever, No. 2 and in American Gangster. She also did many stage plays. She was married to activist and actor Ossie Davis.

Dee died on June 11, 2014, at her home in New Rochelle, New York, from natural causes at the age of 91.

References

Other websites 

1922 births
2014 deaths
Actors from Cleveland, Ohio
African American actors
American movie actors
American stage actors
American television actors
Emmy Award winning actors
Grammy Award winners
Joan Leslie

Joan Leslie (January 26, 1925 – October 12, 2015) was an American actress. She acted in television and movies until 1991. Her first movie was Camille in 1936. Her other movies included Nine Lives are Not Enough and Two Guys from Milwaukee. She retired from acting around 1991. She was born in Detroit, Michigan.

Leslie died at the age of 90 in Los Angeles, California on October 12, 2015.

References

1925 births
2015 deaths
Actors from Detroit, Michigan
American movie actors
American television actors
Scripture

Scripture means writing in Latin. The word is mostly used to refer to the Bible or books that are considered sacred, like the Qur'an or Hindu scripture.

Other websites
Daily Scripture
Marian Seldes

Marian Hall Seldes (August 23, 1928 – October 6, 2014) was an American actress. She was known for her roles in Tom and Huck, Home Alone 3, The Haunting, If These Walls Could Talk 2, and in Mona Lisa Smile. She won a Tony Award in 1967.

Biography 
Seldes was born on August 23, 1928 in New York City, New York. She is of Russian-Jewish descent. Seldes studied at the Neighborhood Playhouse.

Seldes was married to Julian Claman from 1953 until they divorced in 1961. Her marriage to Julian was abusive. Seldes left the marriage after her father noticed marks on Seldes's face. Then she was married to Garson Kanin from 1990 until his death in 1999. She had one daughter with Julian, Katherine. 

Seldes died from dementia-related problems at her apartment in New York City, New York, aged 86.

References

Other websites

 
 

1928 births
2014 deaths
Deaths from dementia
Jewish American actors
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
American stage actors
Actors from New York City
Tony Award winning actors
Lindsey Graham

Lindsey Olin Graham (born July 9, 1955) is an American politician who serves as the senior United States Senator from South Carolina, serving in office since 2003. He is a member of the Republican Party. He ran for President in 2016.

Early life
Graham was born on July 9, 1955 in Central, South Carolina. his parents were Millie and Florence James "F.J." Graham. He studied at the University of South Carolina.

U.S. senator (2003-present)
In 2002, Graham ran for the U.S. Senate after eight-term Republican incumbent Strom Thurmond announced his retirement. Graham won the primary unopposed and defeated Democratic opponent Alex Sanders in the general election. 

Graham was re-elected to a second term in 2008, defeating Bob Conley. He won a third term in 2014, defeating Democrat Brad Hutto and Independent Thomas Ravenel.

Graham is known in the Senate for his support for a strong national defense, his support of the military, and as an advocate of strong United States leadership in world affairs.  He is also known for his willingness to be bipartisan and work with Democrats on issues like global warming, tax reform and immigration reform and his belief that judicial nominees should not be opposed solely on their philosophical positions. He is also a critic of the Tea Party movement.

During his political career, Graham never lost an election.

2016 presidential campaign

On May 18, 2015, Graham informally announced his candidacy for President of the United States; he made a formal announcement on June 1 in his hometown of Central, South Carolina. After low polling numbers, Graham withdrew from the race on December 21, 2015. He later announced his support for Jeb Bush for president.

Personal life
Graham has never been married and has no children. He was close friends with the late Arizona senator John McCain.

References

Other websites

United States Senator Lindsey Graham official U.S. Senate site
Lindsey Graham for U.S. Senate official campaign site
Profile  at SourceWatch
"Swing Conservative: The perilous bipartisanship of Lindsey Graham."  Washington Monthly, April 2005
"The American Ghosts of Abu Ghraib", Sam Provance, Consortium News, March 27, 2007

1955 births
Living people
American Baptists
Lawyers from South Carolina
American military people
Colonels
2016 United States presidential candidates
United States representatives from South Carolina
United States senators from South Carolina
US Republican Party politicians
South Carolina Republicans
Wagamama

Wagamama is an international restaurant chain serving East Asian food. The name means 'selfish' in Japanese. It was founded in 1992 by Alan Yau in Bloomsbury, central London. As of 2013 there are 133 restaurants worldwide, mostly in Europe.

Other websites
Website

European restaurants
1992 establishments in England
Despicable Me

Despicable Me is a 2010 American family/animated/comedy/crime movie directed by Pierre Coffin. It stars Steve Carell, Will Arnett, Kristen Wiig, Russell Brand, Jason Segel, Julie Andrews, Ken Jeong, and Miranda Cosgrove. It was released on July 9, 2010. The movie received positive reviews. A sequel Despicable Me 2 was released on July 3, 2013, while a another sequel Despicable Me 3 was released on June 30, 2017. There is also a spinoff movie all about the comic relief characters in the series.

Cast 
 Steve Carell as Gru
 Jason Segel as Victor "Vector" Perkins
 Russell Brand as Dr. Nefario
 Kristen Wiig as Miss Hattie
 Miranda Cosgrove as Margo
 Dana Gaier as Edith
 Elsie Fisher as Agnes
 Will Arnett as Mr. Perkins
 Julie Andrews as Marlena, Gru's mother
 Danny McBride as Fred McDade
 Jack McBrayer as a Carnival Barker
 McBrayer also voices a tourist, who is Justin's father
Additional Voices Lori Alan, Steve Alterman, Jeremy Bowker, Jack Angel, Dee Bradley Baker, Bob Bergen, Gregg Berger, J.B. Blanc, Rodger Bumpass, Earl Boen, David Cowgill, Darin De Paul, Jim Cummings, Holly Dorff, Richard Epcar, Eddie Frierson, Jackie Gonneau, Kyle Hebert, Ranjani Brow, Crispin Freeman, Katie Leigh, Wendy Hoffman, Greg Ellis, Don Fullilove, Philip L. Clarke, Anne Lockhart, Mike Gomez, Edie Lehmann-Boddicker, Luisa Leschin, Django Craig, Tony Lee, Tom Kane, Danny Mann, Mona Marshall, Scott Menville, Edie Mirman, Juan Pacheco, Bradley Pierce, Jonathan Nichols, Paul Pape, Phil Proctor, Tony Oliver, Al Rodrigo, Michelle Ruff, Regina Taufen, David Randolph, James Kyson, John Hans Tester, Randy Thom, Josh Petersdorf, Andre Sogliuzzo, Skip Stellrecht, Kirk Thornton, Claudette Wells, Debi Mae West, Dave Wittenberg, Jim Ward. Additional Children's Voices Charles Bright, Mikaila Baumel.

2010 animated movies
2010s criminal comedy movies
2010 crime movies
2010 comedy movies
American family movies
American animated movies
American criminal comedy movies
American adventure movies
Despicable Me
Universal Pictures movies
Supervillain movies
English-language movies
Movies directed by Pierre Coffin
Despicable Me 2

Despicable Me 2 is a 2013 American computer-animated action/comedy movie directed by Pierre Coffin. It is a sequel to the 2010 animated movie Despicable Me. It stars Steve Carell, Russell Brand, Kristen Wiig, Benjamin Bratt, Ken Jeong, Steve Coogan, and Miranda Cosgrove. It was released on July 3, 2013. It received good reviews from critics. A spinoff/prequel movie, Minions, focusing on the little yellow henchmen before they met Gru, was released on July 10, 2015. A sequel, Despicable Me 3, was released on June 30, 2017.

Release Dates 

2013 animated movies
2013 comedy movies
American animated movies
American adventure movies
American comedy movies
American family movies
Despicable Me
Sequel movies
English-language movies
Universal Pictures movies
Movies directed by Pierre Coffin
Jean Marsh

Jean Marsh (b.  London, 1 July 1934) is an English actress and screenwriter who appeared mostly on television.

Marsh co-created and starred in the television series Upstairs, Downstairs and created The House of Elliot. She also starred in Doctor Who, and appeared in many other series, and in films. She got an Emmy Award for the Outstanding Lead Actress for the role of the parlourmaid Rose Buck in Upstairs, Downstairs.

References 

English television actors
1934 births
Living people
Actors from London
Emmy Award winning actors
Olivia Munn

Lisa Olivia Munn (born July 3, 1980) is an American comedian and actress. She acts in both movies and television programs. She was in the 2010 action movie Iron Man 2. She also models with Nike and Pepsi. Olivia Munn was born in Oklahoma City.

References

American television actors
American movie actors
Actors from Oklahoma
1980 births
Living people
Models from Oklahoma
Julianne Nicholson

Julianne Nicholson (born July 1, 1971) is an American actress. She works mostly on television programs. She played the Detective Megan Wheeler in Law & Order: Criminal Intent. She played Esther Randolph in Boardwalk Empire. She was born in Medford, Massachusetts.

American television actors
Actors from Massachusetts
1971 births
Living people
Piers Morgan Live

Piers Morgan Live (previously known as Piers Morgan Tonight) is a television talk show on CNN. It is hosted by Piers Morgan. It started on January 17, 2011. It took over the timeslot that Larry King Live was in before Larry King retired. On the show, Morgan interviews guests such as politicians, celebrities, and members of the public. His first guest was Oprah Winfrey. The show was cancelled on February 23, 2014 and the final episode was aired on March 28, 2014.

References

Other websites

2011 American television series debuts
2014 American television series endings
2010s American television series
American television talk shows
English-language television programs
Hilarie Burton

Hilarie Burton (born 1 July 1982) is an American actress. She works mostly on television. She played Lauren in Grey's Anatomy. She played Sara Ellis in the television show White Collar. She has also been in movies. Burton was born in Sterling, Virginia.

American television actors
American movie actors
1982 births
Living people
Actors from Virginia
Evelyn King

Evelyn King (born July 1, 1960) is an American singer. She mostly performs disco and rhythm and blues. She had the hit singles "Love Come Down" and "Shame". King was born in the Bronx, New York. She was raised in Philadelphia.

Singers from Pennsylvania
Singers from New York
R&B musicians
1960 births
Living people
People from New York City
The View

The View is an American television talk show that airs on ABC. It started in 1997. It features a panel of women who talk about current issues and news items such as tabloid headlines and celebrity news. As of 2017, the panel included moderator Whoopi Goldberg, Joy Behar, Paula Faris, Sara Haines, Jedediah Bila, and Sunny Hostin.

References

Other websites
 Official website
 

1997 American television series debuts
1990s American television series
2000s American television series
2010s American television series
American television talk shows
ABC network shows
English-language television programs
Restorationism

Restorationism, also called Christian primitivism is a movement that tries to restore to model itself after what is known or believed of the Early Church. Over the course of time, different groups have used the term, with different meanings:
In the Middle Ages, most groups were active during the time when the Protestant Reformation happened. In the 15th century, a movement called the Lollards started. Another group  with similar ideas was the Brethren of the Common Life.
Movements such as the Hussites, the Anabaptists,  the Landmark Baptists, the Puritans and the Waldensians were called Primitive, as is the Primitive Methodist Church.
After the Protestant Reformation, the Protestant movement split in many groups. Some of these groups, such as the Churches of Christ and the Baptists are more restorationist than others. Other movements include the Glasites, in Scotland. In the United States, there was a Restoration Movement, which is also known as Stone-Campbell Movement and the Mormons
A number of Pentecostal movements has been described as restorationist: Among them are the Assemblies of God, and the evangelical British New Church Movement
Some movements use the term to say that Jewish people must be "restored" to the Promised Land. These movements are usually called Christian Restorationism or Christian Zionism.
 The term has also been used in reference to Muslim movements with similar aims, such as Salafism, Muwahhidism, Ghair Muqallids and Quranism.

Christian movements and denominational families
Religious terminology
Apocatastasis

Apocatastasis, which can be translated as universal restoration is a concept that can be found in Ancient Greece. The theological idea was that people did not fully agree with their creator, and moved away; this is called Apostasy. At the end of time, everything would be re-united with its creator, according to the idea. Different people have seen the process differently: Some say, that everything, even those that have "fallen", will be reunited; these people speak about apokatastasis panton or restitutio omnium (quae locutus est). 

Ancient Greek philosophy used the term, before it was used by Christian scholars. That way, the Pythagoreans, Heraclitus, and the Stoics used the term. Neoplatonism, as well as Friedrich Nietzsche also used the term in this meaning. Most of these philiosophers believed, that this "restoration" was periodic, and not an event that occurred only once.

Clement of Alexandria, Origen and Gregory of Nyssa where the first Christian scholars who used the term: For them, this "restoration" would occur only once, and was not periodic. 

Christian theology
Before Midnight

Before Midnight is a 2013 American romantic drama movie. Ethan Hawke stars as Jesse Wallace and Julie Delpy as Celine. This movie is set in Greece. Before Midnight has gotten strong praise from the movie critics. It was released during May and June of 2013 in the United States.

It was preceded by Before Sunrise and Before Sunset.

Other websites 

2013 drama movies
2013 romance movies
2010s romantic drama movies
American romantic drama movies
American sequel movies
Multilingual movies
Movies set in Greece
American independent movies
Movies directed by Richard Linklater
Deborah Kara Unger

Deborah Kara Unger (born May 12) is a Canadian actress who has been mostly in independent movies. She acted as Catherine Ballard in the 1996 movie Crash and as Carol Lynn Johnson for the 2007 movie 88 Minutes. She was born in Vancouver, British Columbia. Some sources cite 1964 for her birth year, although other sources mention 1966.

Other websites 

1960s births
Living people
Actors from Vancouver
Canadian movie actors
Canadian television actors
Innocent Blood

Innocent Blood is a horror-crime movie released in autumn 1992. Its cast members are Angela Bassett as Attorney Sinclair, Linnea Quigley as Nurse and Robert Loggia as Salvatore Macelli. The movie is set in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. It is about vampires and Mafia activities. This movie was released in September 1992. It got mixed reviews, though it took in almost $5 million in the box office.

1992 horror movies
1992 crime movies
American horror movies
American crime movies
English-language movies
Warner Bros. movies
Movies directed by John Landis
Summer of Sam

Summer of Sam is a 1999 crime drama movie. It was directed by Spike Lee, who also co-wrote and co-produced it. The movie is about a series of murders done by David Berkowitz (nicknamed the Son of Sam) during the summer of 1977 in New York City. John Leguizamo, Mira Sorvino, Adrien Brody and Jennifer Esposito play fictional characters. The MPAA threatened Summer of Sam with an NC-17 due to a sex scene, which was then cut out. The movie was released in July 1999.

Other websites 

1999 crime movies
1999 drama movies
1990s crime drama movies
American crime drama movies
American serial killer movies
English-language movies
Movies based on real life events
Movies directed by Spike Lee
Movies set in New York City
Movies set in the 1970s
Screenplays by Spike Lee
84th Academy Awards

The 84th Academy Awards was on February 26, 2012. It was held in the Dolby Theatre in Hollywood. Billy Crystal was the morderator at this ceremony.

The Artist won five Oscars: Best Picture, Best Actor for Jean Dujardin and Best Director for Michael Hazanavicius. Other Winners were Hugo with five Oscars, The Iron Lady with two Oscars and Beginners, The Descendants, The Fantastic Flying Books of Mr. Morris Lessmore, The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo, The Help, Midnight in Paris, The Muppets, Rango, Saving Face, A Separation, The Shore and Undefeated with one.

Nominees and winners
Winners are listed first.

Academy Awards
2012 movies
Anthony LaPaglia

Anthony LaPaglia (born 31 January 1959) is an Australian movie and television actor. He has received Golden Globe Awards and Emmy Awards for acting. He acted as "Jack Malone" in the series Without a Trace and as "Detective Lou" in the movie Summer of Sam.

He was born in Adelaide, although he later moved to the United States. His first part in a movie was Cold Steel in 1987. LaPaglia appeared on Broadway in 1997, in a production of A View From the Bridge. He received a Tony Award his role as the play's main character.

References

Other websites
 
 
 

1959 births
Living people
Australian movie actors
Australian television actors
Emmy Award winning actors
Golden Globe Award winning actors
Actors from Adelaide
Tony Award winning actors
Christina Hendricks

Christina Hendricks (born 3 May 1975) is an American actress. She acts in both television series and movies. She plays Joan Harris in the AMC series Mad Men. She played Saffron in the series Firefly. She played Kelly Kramer in the series Beggars and Choosers. Christina was born in Knoxville, Tennessee. She has lived in Idaho.

American television actors
American movie actors
1975 births
Living people
People from Knoxville, Tennessee
Actors from Tennessee
Immortal Beloved

Immortal Beloved is a 1994 drama movie in which Gary Oldman and Isabella Rossellini star. The movie is about Ludwig van Beethoven. This movie was released in December 1994 in United States theaters. It received mixed reviews. It debuted strongly at the box office.

 
1994 drama movies
British drama movies
American drama movies
English-language movies
Diophantine equation

A Diophantine equation is an equation that only takes integer coefficients, and that can be written as , where f is a polynomial. Diophantine analysis is a branch of mathematical analysis, concerned with such equations. Typical questions include:
Are there any solutions?
Are there any solutions beyond some that are easily found by inspection?
Are there finitely or infinitely many solutions?
Can all solutions be found in theory?
Can one in practice compute a full list of solutions?
Very often such problems were unresolved for centuries. With time, mathematicians  came to understand their depth (in some cases), rather than treat them as puzzles. The equation is named after Diophantus of Alexandria, a mathematician, who described them first. The restriction on integer coefficients makes sense, when one is concerned about finding Divisors, or in the case of modular arithmetic. In everyday life, many equations solve problems where only whole numbers make sense: A product is composed of many parts, but only whole pieces can be produced. 

Some diophantine equations are very famous. These include the Pythagorean triple, Fermat's Last Theorem and Pell's equation. Hilbert's tenth problem was to find an algorithm to decide, whether a given Diophantine equation has an integer solution.   

Equations
Eva Ngui Nchama

Eva Ngui Nchama (born on June 9, 1985 in Malabo, Equatorial Guinea) is a athlete from Spain. She has a disability: she cannot see and is a T12/B2 type athlete. She competed in the 2004 Summer Paralympics in Athens, Greece in the women's 100 metres - T12 event.  She competed at the 2008 Summer Paralympics in Beijing, China and finished third in the women's 100 metres - T12 event and thir in the women's 200 metres - T12 event.  She raced at the 2012 Summer Paralympics and was the 14th runner to finish.

In 2012, she had a Plan ADO €18,000 athlete scholarship with a €3,000 reserve and a €2,500 coaching scholarship.

References 

Spanish athletes
Living people
1985 births
Spanish Paralympic bronze medalists
2004 Summer Paralympics
2008 Summer Paralympics
2012 Summer Paralympics
Sportspeople with disabilities, type T12
Sportspeople with disabilities, type B2
Equatorial Guinea
José María Pámpano Cillero

José María Pámpano Cillero (born December 10, 1978 in Badajoz) is a T36 athlete from Spain.

Pámpano competed in the 2004 Summer Paralympics in Athens and finished second in the 4x400m relay and finished second in the T36 1500 meter race.  He competed in the 2008 Summer Paralympics in the 800 meter race but was not one of the first three racers to finish. He competed at the 2012 Summer Paralympics and finished sixth in the 800 meter race.

References 

Spanish athletes
Living people
1978 births
Spanish Paralympic silver medalists
2004 Summer Paralympics
2008 Summer Paralympics
2012 Summer Paralympics
Sportspeople with disabilities, type T36
People from Extremadura
Bloody Sunday (1905)

Bloody Sunday took place in Russia in 1905. More than 3,000 people marched towards the Winter Palace in hopes of presenting Tsar Nicholas II a petition for reform, however he was not present at the palace.  Without the order of the tsar to stop them, the army shot their rifles into the crowd, leaving 96 dead and around 300 wounded. This event is considered a cause of the Russian Revolution.

Later Dmitri Shostakovich composed his 11th Symphony based on this event.

References

Russian Revolution
1905
Saint Petersburg
Massacres in Europe
Protests in the 20th century
Warren Oates

Warren Mercer Oates (July 5, 1928 – April 3, 1982) was an American television program and movie actor. He acted mostly in movies. He was known for playing Lyle in the famous 1969 movie The Wild Bunch, and John Dillinger in the movie Dillinger. He was born in Kentucky, and later relocated to Los Angeles for acting reasons.

Oates died of a heart attack at age fifty-three. His final movie, Blue Thunder, was shot in 1980 but not released until 1983, one year after his death.

American television actors
American movie actors
Actors from Kentucky
1928 births
1982 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Kamba people

The Kamba (Akamba in the plural) are a Bantu ethnic group.

They live in the semi-arid Eastern Province of Kenya,  from Nairobi east to Tsavo and north up to Embu, Kenya. This land is called Ukambani. They are one of the largest ethnic group in Kenya. They speak the Bantu Kikamba language as a mother tongue. 

The Kamba mostly live in the Machakos District of Kenya. The total population of the Kamba is about 4 million. The Kamba are also called Kikamba, Kekamba, Masaku, Ukamba, Kitui and Mumoni.

References 

Ethnic groups in Africa
Kenyan people
Abdülaziz

Abdülaziz (Ottoman Turkish: عبد العزيز) ( February 1830 – 4 June 1876) was the 32nd Sultan of the Ottoman Empire and was 111st Caliph of Islam. He ascended the throne when he was 31 years old, reigned between 25 June 1861 and 30 May 1876. He was the son of Sultan Mahmud II and became sultan after the death of his brother Abdülmecid I.  He was deposed in 1876, having become unpopular, and was found dead six days later.

His Reign 
Abdülaziz was fond of wrestling, hunting and arm wrestling.  He expanded and modernized the Ottoman Navy, making it the third largest in the world.  This resulted in large debts to European countries.  He also bought modern weapons for the Ottoman Army and expanded it.

Sultan Abdülaziz frequently organized trips to inland and out of country. He was first Sultan who visited Egypt after Yavuz Sultan Selim that conqueared Egypt.

As well as principalities Abdülaziz was first Sultan that visits Europe often. And often contacted with other countries leaders.

In peroid of Abülaziz Ottomans pay attention to get along with West. Ottoman's westernization politics that come from Edict Of Gülhane continued.

New provinces announced country-wide and Istanbul University edited with copying France Education System. Sirkeci Station's foundation started Abdülaziz era.

This is the Abülaziz's a few innovation during his 15 years reign.
 New soldier uniforms prepared.
 Post stamps used first time
 Lighthouses built to coasts.
 Ottoman Bank opened.
 High school and industry school opened.
 Forest, mine, and medicine schools opened
 France, Austria, and Iran Managers visited Istanbul.

Lover of Polish Arabian Horses 
In 1864 the westernizing Ottoman sultan Abdülaziz imported 90 mares and two stallions from Count Branicki"s studs in Bialocerkiew/Poland.

The descendants of Abdulaziz have her own throne succession arrangements 
Only male descendants of Abdulaziz are considered representatives of the former Ottoman throne.
   
Abdülmecid II, last Ottoman Caliph (1922–1924), 37th Post-Imperial of the House of Osman (1922–1944), son of Abdülaziz I.
Şehzade Mehmed Cemaleddin, Post-Imperial Head of the House of Osman (1944-1946), grandson of Sultan Abdülaziz I.
Şehzade Ömer Faruk Osmanoğlu, Post-Imperial Head of the House of Osman (1946-1969), grandson of Sultan Abdülaziz I.
Şehzade Mehmed Abdülaziz II, Post-Imperial Head of the House of Osman (1969–1977), grandson of Sultan Abdülaziz I.
Şehzade Süleyman Saadeddin, Post-Imperial Head of the House of Osman (1977-1985), great-grandson of Sultan Abdülaziz I.
Şehzade Orhan Saadeddin, Post-Imperial Head of the House of Osman since 1985, great-great-grandson of Sultan Abdülaziz I.

References

Other websites 

1830 births
1876 deaths
Knights of the Garter
Knights of the Golden Fleece
Sultans of the Ottoman Empire
Caliphs
Cammie King

Eleanore Cammack "Cammie" King (5 August 1934 – 1 September 2010) was an American actress. Her acting career was short, but with notable movies. She played Bonnie Blue Butler in Gone with the Wind in 1939. She provided the voice for the fawn Faline in the Disney movie Bambi in 1942.

King was born in Los Angeles. She died from lung cancer at age 76.

American movie actors
Actors from Los Angeles
1934 births
2010 deaths
Deaths from lung cancer
Cynthia Myers

Cynthia Myers (September 12, 1950 – November 4, 2011) was an American actress and fashion model. She acted primarily in B-movies. She was Playboy Playmate of the Month in December 1968. Her most famous theatrical movie was Beyond the Valley of the Dolls, a 1970 movie in which she starred as bisexual musician Casey Anderson.

Myers was born in Toledo, Ohio. She died due to lung cancer at age sixty-one.

American movie actors
Actors from Ohio
1950 births
2011 deaths
People from Toledo, Ohio
Deaths from lung cancer
Evelyn Lauder

Evelyn Lauder (August 12, 1936 – November 12, 2011) was an American businesswoman and socialite. She became well known for being one of the creators of the pink ribbon symbol of breast cancer.

Lauder was Senior Corporate Vice President of Estée Lauder Companies. She was responsible for raising over $13 million for a breast cancer club that had the Evelyn Lauder name. Lauder was born into a Jewish family in Vienna, Austria, but later relocated to and was raised in New York City. She died at home in Manhattan, New York City, due to complications of ovarian cancer at 75.

Businesspeople from New York
Cancer deaths in the United States
Deaths from ovarian cancer
People from Vienna
Austrian businesspeople
1936 births
2011 deaths
Billie Jo Spears

Billie Jean Spears (January 14, 1937 – December 14, 2011) was an American country music singer. She reached the top ten in the country charts five times. She first sang "Harper Valley PTA", though that failed to chart. Her biggest song was "Blanket on the Ground" in 1975. She had other popular singles. Billie was born in Beaumont, Texas. She died of cancer at age seventy-four.

Singers from Texas
People from Beaumont, Texas
Country musicians from Texas
1937 births
2011 deaths
Deaths from cancer
Tintoretto

Tintoretto (1518 – 31 May 1594), born Jacopo Comin, was an Italian Renaissance painter. He was known by the nickname Il Furioso. His works are very dramatic, often depicting muscular figures and a bold use of perspective. These elements he paints in the Mannerist style. His use of colour and light, however, is typical of the Venetian School.

Tintoretto was from Venice. He spent most of his life painting there. He was a devout Roman Catholic. He painted frescos and other murals on the walls and ceilings of several churches and other buildings in Venice, such as the Scuola Grande di San Rocco, the Doge's Palace. His largest work is Il Paradiso, which dominates the main hall of the Doge's Palace. It is 22.6 x 9.1 metres in size, and is said to be the largest painting ever done on canvas.

Notes

Related pages
 List of Italian painters

References 
 
 Carlo Ridolfi, La Vita di Giacopo Robusti (A Life of Tintoretto) 1642
 Tintoretto, and Pierluigi De Vecchi. 1970. L'opera completa del Tintoretto. Milano: Rizzoli.  (Italian language)

Other websites 

Works at Web Gallery of Art
www.JacopoTintoretto.org - 257 works by Tintoretto

1518 births
1594 deaths
People from Venice
16th-century Italian painters
Italian Roman Catholics
Renaissance
Nok culture

The Nok culture was an ancient civilisation in what is now Nigeria. It appeared around 1000 BC and vanished around 300 CE. This civilisation lived in northern and central Nigeria. Its social system is thought to have been very advanced for its time. The Nok are considered to be the earliest producers of life-sized Terracotta sculptures in sub-Saharan Africa. It has been suggested that the Nok culture eventually evolved into the Yoruba. The use of iron, in smelting and forging tools, appears in the Nok culture at least by 550 BC and possibly earlier.

References

Ancient history
History of Nigeria
Nigerian culture
Magic (illusion)

Magic is the performance of tricks or the creation of illusions. It is a type of performing art that entertains audiences. It is done by a magician or an illusionist. The magician does things that look impossible or supernatural by ordinary means. Card tricks, disappearing beauties, pulling a rabbit from a hat, and sawing a person in half are examples of this kind of magic.

References

Magic
Illusions
Renminbi

The renminbi (RMB, ¥; code: CNY; also CN¥, 元 and CN元) is the currency of the People's Republic of China. It is the main currency used in mainland China. It is also sometimes accepted in Hong Kong and Macau, and can be easily exchanged in those territories. The currency is issued by the People's Bank of China, the monetary authority of China. Its name means "people's currency" ().

The main unit of renminbi is the yuán (/). One yuan is divided into 10 jiǎo (). One jiǎo is subdivided into 10 fēn (份). Renminbi banknotes are available in denominations from 1 jiao to 100 yuan (¥0.1–100). Coins have denominations from 1 fen to 1 yuan (¥0.01–1). Therefore, some denominations exist in both coin and banknote form. Coins under ¥0.1 are rarely used.

Currently, only ¥20,000 can be taken in or out of China without declaring it, or telling customs that you have it.

References

More reading

 Ansgar Belke, Christian Dreger und Georg Erber: Reduction of Global Trade Imbalances: Does China Have to Revalue Its Currency? In: Weekly Report. 6/2010, Nr. 30, 2010, , S. 222–229 (PDF-File; DIW Online).
 
 

Currency of Asia
People's Republic of China
Scandinavian Mountains

The Scandinavian  Mountains are a mountain range that runs through the Scandinavian Peninsula. The western sides of the mountains drop steeply into the North Sea and Norwegian Sea, where they form the fjords of Norway. To the north they form the border between Norway and Sweden, and passing across the Arctic Circle. A small part of the range runs into Finland, but this part mostly consists of hills.

Galdhøpiggen in southern Norway is the highest peak in the range, at . Kebnekaise has the highest peak on the Swedish side, at . Halti is the highest peak in Finland, at . The range's proximity to the Arctic and the North Atlantic ocean has caused the formation of many icefields and glaciers.

References

Other websites

Mountain ranges
Mountains of Europe
Mountains of Norway
Geography of Finland
Geography of Sweden
Uto-Aztecan languages

Uto-Aztecan or Uto-Aztekan is a language family of the Americas. It consists of over 30 languages. Almost all of the Uto-Aztecan languages are found in the Western United States and Mexico. The name of the language family was given to show that it links the Ute language of Utah and the Aztecan languages of Mexico. The language of the Aztecs and its modern relatives are part of the Uto-Aztecan family.

Languages of Mexico
Languages of the United States
Tyrant flycatcher

The tyrant flycatchers (Tyrannidae) are a clade of passerine birds from the Americas. They are the largest family of birds on Earth, with more than 400 species. They are the most diverse family of birds in every country in South and Central America. They also live in North America.

The family is named after the Old World flycatchers. Some members have similar features to the Old World flycatchers, but they are not related to them. They are members of suborder Tyranni. They do not have the song (vocal capabilities) of most other songbirds. 

Tyrant flycatchers are opportunistic feeders and often catch any insect they run across. Some, like the large great kiskadee, may eat fruit or small vertebrates such as frogs.

Kingbirds are flycatchers of the genus Tyrannus. They can be quite aggressive in defence of their interests.

References

Other websites

 
 Tyrant Flycatcher videos  on the Internet Bird Collection
 

Tyrannides
Semyon Frug

Semyon Grigorevich Frug (born in 1860) was a writer. He was born into a family of Jewish farmers in southern Ukraine. From 1912 until his death in 1916, he lived in Odessa, where the sixth edition of his three-volume Complete Works was published in 1913.

His talent was at its best in Odessa. Frug's works were mainly written in Russian with a few stories written in Yiddish. In his writing, he described the life of the Jewish colonists, their relationships with their Ukrainian and Russian neighbors, and the disagreements and occasional arguments about various Yiddish dialects. Many of Frug's poems were set to music and performed on stage.

Ukrainian writers
Poets
1860 births
1916 deaths
Meg Tilly

Margaret Elizabeth Chan (or Meg Tilly; February 14, 1960) is a Canadian and American actress who has received Academy Award nominations. She played a prostitute in the television drama Hill Street Blues, Madame de Tourvel in the movie Valmont and Chloe in The Big Chill. Tilly received a Golden Globe Award for her performances.

Tilly was born in California. She was raised in British Columbia.

References

Canadian movie actors
American movie actors
Actors from Long Beach, California
1960 births
Living people
Golden Globe Award winning actors