cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Tony Lip

Tony Lip (Frank Anthony Vallelonga; July 30, 1930 – January 4, 2013) was an American actor who was known for his roles in The Sopranos, Raging Bull, The Godfather, Goodfellas, and in Law & Order.

Lip was born on July 30, 1930 in Beaver Falls, Pennsylvania. He was raised in The Bronx, New York. He was married to Dolores Lip until her death in 1999. They had three sons. Lip died on January 4, 2013 in Teaneck, New Jersey from an illness, aged 82.

References

Other websites

1930 births
2013 deaths
Actors from New Jersey
Actors from New York City
Actors from Pennsylvania
American movie actors
American stage actors
American television actors
American voice actors
Louis de Saint-Just

Saint-Just (called the Angel of Death) was an important person in the French revolution and the Reign of Terror. He worked closely with Robespierre.

Other websites

French people
1767 births
1794 deaths
Samantha Mathis

Samantha Mathis (born on May 12, 1970, New York) is an American actress who has acted in lots of movies. In particular, she acted in The American President, Broken Arrow and Little Women. She also starred in some television programs.

Actors from New York City
American movie actors
1970 births
Living people
Jean-Paul Marat

Marat was a French doctor and journalist famous for writing about the French revolution and encouraging the Reign of Terror. He was stabbed to death in Paris by Charlotte Corday, an act made famous in a painting by Jacques-Louis David.

Other websites

Assassinated people
French murder victims
French scientists
Murders by blade weapons

1743 births
1793 deaths
Ayub K. Ommaya

Ayub K. Ommaya or Ayub Khan Ommaya (1930-2008) was a famous Pakistani neurosurgeon settled in the USA. He is especially well known for being the inventor of the Ommaya reservoir, which is a method to help cancer patients receive chemotherapy treatment.

Ommaya was born in Mian Channu Tehsil, British India, now Pakistan,  in 1930.  He moved to Oxford, England in 1956.  He then moved to the United States in 1961.  Later, following illness, he moved to Islamabad, Pakistan with his wife in 2005.  He died there in 2008.

References

Pakistani people
American physicians
1930 births
2008 deaths
Medical researchers
Ragout

The term ragout refers to a main-dish stew of meat, poultry, fish or vegetables. It uses "well-seasoned meat and vegetables cooked in a thick sauce". A typical sauce to use would be roux.

Etymology
The word is from the French ragoût. The term comes from the French ragoûter, meaning: "to revive the taste". The related word Italian ragù is a sauce, such as Ragù Napoletano. It is used to dress pasta.

Preparation
The basic method of preparation involves slow cooking over a low heat. The main ingredients are many; ragouts may be prepared with or without meat, a wide variety of vegetables may be incorporated, and they may be more or less heavily spiced and seasoned.

Notes 

French food
Melissa Leo

Melissa Leo (born September 14, 1960 in Manhattan, New York) is an American movie and television actress. She acted in the television series All My Children. She won Golden Globe and Screen Actors Guild Awards for The Fighter, a movie from 2010.

References 

Actors from New York City
American movie actors
1960 births
Living people

Other websites 

Melissa Leo IMDB
Internal conflict in Myanmar

The internal conflict in Myanmar refers to fighting between government soldiers and rebels in Myanmar, which began shortly after the country, formerly known as Burma, separated from the United Kingdom in 1948. The government of Myanmar has fought different rebel groups from different ethnic minorities. The cause of the conflict is the government's refusal to give minority groups such as the communists and the Karen people the amount of political representation that they want. Since the beginning of the fighting, hundreds of thousands of civilians in Myanmar have been killed and millions have become refugees.

Related pages

List of ongoing armed conflicts

Notes

References

Civil wars involving Asia
History of Myanmar
Ambient intelligence

Ambient intelligence is an idea from computer science to create an environment of machines that meaningfully interact with people. The idea is that these machines help people solve the problems they have, and that people can interact with the machines in a natural way. An example would be a camera that recognizes the owner of a house or apartment, and that is able to turn off the alarm, and unlock the door. The systems that control the camera, the alarm system and the door lock are all connected to each other. When the camera sees the person, it works with the other systems to make the person's life easier.

Requirements
In order for the idea to work well:
Computer hardware should be small
Different networks of computers and home appliances need to be connected so they can communicate with each other
Computer networks are easy to control and program. New devices in the networks should configure themselves automatically, or their configuration should be easy to do, without the need to understand how they all work.
The interfaces to control the devices focus on the user and are easy to use
The system should be forgiving with errors. It should be secure and work as long as possible, even with errors

In fiction
Ambient intelligence has also be shown in fiction. The movie Minority Report shows how advertising changes for each user. the book The Hitchiker's Guide to the Galaxy by Douglas Adams shows intelligent doors that have emotions, which they show when people use them.

References 

Computer science
Stew

A stew is a dish cooked for a long time, and served in the gravy produced by the cooking. The basic materials may be any  meat and/or vegetables. It is ideal for tough meat like mutton and beef cuts which have marbling (fat) and connective tissue. Also, the tougher vegetables should be used.

It is traditional to start off with a simple sauce, such as a roux. Even simpler, flour and an Oxo stock cube can be stirred in some milk and water. It is usual for the tougher meats to start off by themselves, with vegetables added later.

Casseroles and stews are similar. Casseroles often have a topping; stews do not. Stewing is a cooking process whereby heat is applied to the bottom of the cooking vessel (typically over a fire or on a stove), whereas casserole cooking is generally baked in an oven where heat circulates all around the cooking vessel.

History
Stews have been made since ancient times. It figures in the Roman cookbook by Apicius. Herodotus says that the Scythians (8th to 4th centuries BC) "put the flesh into an animal's paunch, mix water with it, and boil it like that over the bone fire. The bones burn very well, and the paunch easily contains all the meat once it has been stripped off. In this way an ox, or any other sacrificial beast, is ingeniously made to boil itself."

Amazonian tribes used the shells of turtles as vessels, boiling the entrails of the turtle and various other ingredients in them. Other cultures used the shells of large mollusks (clams etc.) to boil foods in. There is archaeological evidence of these practices going back 8,000 years or more.

There are recipes for lamb stews and fish stews in the Roman cookery book Apicius, believed to date from the 4th century AD. Le Viandier, one of the oldest cookbooks in French, written by the French chef known as Taillevent, has ragouts or stews of various types in it.

Hungarian goulash dates back to the 9th century Magyar shepherds of the area, before the existence of Hungary. Paprika was added in the 18th century.

The first written reference to 'Irish stew' is in Byron's "The Devil's Drive" (1814): "The Devil ... dined on ... a rebel or so in an Irish stew."

Related pages 
Casserole

References 

Cooking methods
Joanna Cassidy

Joanna Cassidy (born Joanna Victoria Caskey, August 2, 1945 in Haddonfield, New Jersey) is an American actress. She acted in the TV series Six Feet Under and Body of Proof. She acted in many movies. These include Blade Runner (1982), Where the Heart Is and Who Framed Roger Rabbit?.

References

Other websites

American movie actors
American television actors
Actors from New Jersey
1945 births
Living people
David Suchet

Sir David Suchet CBE (born 2 May 1946 in London) is an English actor. He mainly works on British television. He has been in many films over the years. He is perhaps best known for playing Hercule Poirot in the series Agatha Christie's Poirot. He has made a film version of almost all of the books by Agatha Christie.

He started his career in theatre. In 1974 he joined the famous Royal Shakespeare Company. In 2002 he was made an Officer of the Order of the British Empire and in 2010 he was made a Commander of the same order.

References

Other websites 

Actors from London
English movie actors
English television actors
Living people
1946 births
Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
Giuseppe Ungaretti

Giuseppe Ungaretti (; 8 February 1888 – 2 June 1970) was an Italian modernist poet, journalist, essayist, critic, academic, and recipient of the inaugural 1970 Neustadt International Prize for Literature. He was one of the most important people in 20th century Italian literature.

Works 

 ("The Buried Port", 1916 and 1923)
La guerra ("The War", 1919 and 1947)
Allegria di naufragi ("The Joy of Shipwrecks", 1919)
L'allegria ("The Joy", 1931)
Sentimento del tempo ("The Feeling of Time", 1933)
Traduzioni ("Translations", 1936)
Poesie disperse ("Scattered Poems", 1945)
Il dolore ("The Pain", 1947)
La terra promessa ("The Promised Land", 1950)
Un grido e paesaggi ("A Shout and Landscapes", 1952)
Il taccuino del vecchio ("The Old Man's Notebook", 1960)
Vita di un uomo ("The Life of a Man", 1969)

Italian writers
Italian poets
1888 births
1970 deaths
People from Alexandria
Michelle Dockery

Michelle Suzanne Dockery (born 15 December 1981 in London) is an English television actress who began with the television program Fingersmith around 2005. She is strongly known for playing Lady Mary Crawley in the television drama series Downtown Abbey. Dockery is also a singer.

Actors from London
Singers from London
1981 births
Living people
Bailee Madison

Bailee Madison (born October 15, 1999) is an American actress. She was in the movie Bridge to Terabithia. Madison was born in Fort Lauderdale, Florida.

References

Other websites

 

1999 births
Actors from Florida
American movie actors
American child actors
People from Fort Lauderdale, Florida
Living people
American Christians
American television actors
Movie producers
Pamela Sue Martin

Pamela Sue Martin (born January 5, 1953 in Hartford, Connecticut) is an American actress. She played Nancy Drew in The Hardy Boys/Nancy Drew Mysteries. She played Fallon Carrington Colby in the television series Dynasty. She also acted in other television programs and movies.

Actors from Hartford, Connecticut
American television actors
1953 births
Living people
Bonnie Franklin

Bonnie Gail Franklin (January 6, 1944 – March 1, 2013) was an American actress. She worked mostly on television. She starred in the situation comedy One Day at a Time.

Franklin's father was Russian; her mother was Romanian.

References

Other websites

Actors from Santa Monica, California
American child actors
American movie actors
American stage actors
American television actors
American voice actors
Deaths from pancreatic cancer
1944 births
2013 deaths
Aisha Tyler

Aisha N. Tyler (born September 18, 1970 in San Francisco, California) is an American actor, writer, comedian and television host. She attended Dartmouth College studying political science. She then began as an advertising executive before becoming a Stand-up comedian in the mid-1990s. She was the host of Talk Soup. She was a cast member for two years in Friends.  Tyler then played Andrea on Ghost Whisperer. She is a co-host on the daytime talk show The Talk.

References 

American movie actors
Comedians from San Francisco
1970 births
Living people
American television actors
Actors from San Francisco
Francesca Capaldi

Francesca Angelucci Capaldi (born June 8, 2004)  is an American child actress. She is best know for her role of  Chloe James in the Disney Channel TV series, Dog with a Blog.

Filmography

References

Other websites 

American children's television series
American child actors
Living people
2004 births
Philippe Bond

Philippe Bond (born 28 June 1979) is a Canadian comedian and radio host. He is from Quebec. Bond co-hosts the morning radio program C't'encore drôle, on the radio station NRJ. In 2011, he was chosen to host a version of the game show The Price is Right in Montreal.

Bond has been described as a good storyteller because he always tells several anecdotes. Through his comedy, he shows to everyone that it is sometimes in the most innocuous situations that people find the funniest facts of everyday life.

Career
Bond graduated from the École nationale de l'humour in 2002. He debuted on Radio Energy Hull / CKTF. He quickly started work doing comedy shows in Quebec. He appeared in several comedy festivals. Since 2002, he has appeared in the Grand rire de Québec, Just for Laughs festival, the Fou rire de Sherbrooke, in Montreal High Lights Festival and in many corporate events. In 2007, he worked with Louis-José Houde in the first part of his new show Suivre la parade.

He won the trophy for the 14th edition of the Gala les Oliviers in 2012. This is the biggest award chosen by the public in the Gala which took place on Radio Canada.

References

Other websites
http://www.enspectacle.ca/artistes/philippe-bond 
 

Living people
1979 births
Canadian comedians
Entertainers from Quebec
Canadian radio personalities
Yilpi Adamson

Imiyari "Yilpi" Adamson (born 1954) is an Aboriginal artist from central Australia. She is known for her work in a range of art forms, including painting, sculpture, weaving, knitting and batik.

Yilpi was born at a place near Uluru, in the Northern Territory. Her mother was a member of the Pitjantjatjara people and her father was Yankunytjatjara. When Yilpi was still very young, her parents came to live at Ernabella, a Presbyterian mission in northwest South Australia. She grew up there, and later began working at Ernabella Arts.

Batik was one of the first forms of art Yilpi learned to make at Ernabella. Several of her works were shown at an exhibition in Adelaide in 2006, and one of these was bought for the Powerhouse Museum in Sydney. Later examples of her batik works were bought by the National Museum of Scotland in Edinburgh. Yilpi is also known for making woven items, such as baskets, out of tjanpi (desert grass). She made several objects with a women's project called the Tjanpi Desert Weavers.

Yilpi began painting much more recently. She has painted both abstract and figurative works. The abstract works are expressions of her Dreaming legends, passed down to her from her mother. Her most successful works, however, are the figurative paintings of her life as a child at Ernabella in the 1950s. Examples of Yilpi's paintings are held in the Art Gallery of South Australia, and the National Museum of Australia. The National Gallery of Australia also has a series of ceramic pots that Yilpi painted with Malpiya Davey, Alison Carroll, and other Ernabella women.

References

1954 births
Living people
Australian painters
Indigenous Australian artists
Artists from South Australia
Artists from the Northern Territory
Pitjantjatjara
Textile artists
Weavers
Universal Soldier

Universal Soldier is a 1992 science fiction and action drama movie. The main star is Jean-Claude Van Damme. Dolph Lundgren also stars. This science fiction/action drama was released with strong box office revenues. The critics, however, gave negative reviews.

Other websites 
 
 

1992 action movies
1992 movies
English-language movies
Ommaya reservoir

The Ommaya reservoir is an invention by Dr Ayub K. Ommaya, a famous neurosurgeon.  During surgery a catheter - a thin tube - is placed into one of the ventricles of the brain.  The catheter is attached to a reservoir right under the scalp.

The Ommaya reservoir can be used for a few different things:
 To deliver chemotherapy directly to where a brain tumor is
 To take samples of cerebrospinal fluid, the fluid that cushions and protects the brain and spinal cord.  This can cut down on the number of painful spinal taps (lumbar punctures) the patient needs to have.
 To give morphine directly into the brains of patients who are dying of cancer and are in terrible pain

References

Surgery
Wajih uz Zaman Khan

Wajih uz Zaman Khan also spelt Wajeeh uz Zaman Khan , Advocate, MP (born 1962) is a Pakistani lawyer and politician, belonging to the Swatis tribe of Oghi, Hazara, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province. 

He is of the family of the ex Khan of Agror.. He took a Law degree from the University of the Punjab  and went back to his native area to practice the legal profession.

He later took part in elections and was elected a member of the provincial parliament and also served a short while as Health Minister in his province's cabinet. He is still a serving member of this parliament at this time but he has been thrown out of his party for corrupt practices . 

1962 births
Living people
Pakistani lawyers
Kimberley Walsh

Kimberley Jane Walsh (born 20 November 1981) is a British singer, model and actress. She was born and raised in Bradford, West Yorkshire. She is a member of pop quintet Girls Aloud. She was runner-up in the 2012 series of Strictly Come Dancing. In 2012 she presented a chat show called Suck My Pop. On 4 February 2013, Walsh released Centre Stage, her first solo album.

References

Other websites 

English movie actors
English pop singers
English television presenters
Girls Aloud
Musicians from Bradford
Strictly Come Dancing participants
1981 births
Living people
Steven William

Steven William Umboh also known as Stevan William or Stefan William (born in California, United States, August, 11, 1993)) is an American born Indonesian actor. Men bloody mulatto United States-Russian-Manado.

Biography

Personal life
He is the first son of the couple Clinton Avery (United States-Russian) and Ellen Thelma Umboh (Manado, Sulawesi Utara), and has a younger sister named Jennifer Avery who is currently living in (Australia) with father and mother. He is also the grandson of a famous Indonesian director of his time, namely Wim Umboh.

Filmography

Movies 
 Bestfriend? (2008) 
 Putih Abu-Abu dan Sepatu Kets (2009)
 Keranda Kuntilanak (2011)
 Bila (2012)
 Air Terjun Pengantin Phuket (2013)

Television series 
 Arti Sahabat (2010 - 2011)
 Gol-Gol Fatimah (2011)
 Aku Suka Dia (2012)
 Calon Ibu Untuk Anakku (2012)
 Yang Muda Yang Bercinta (2013)
 Akibat Pernikahan Dini (2013))
 Fortune Cookies (2013-2014))
 Siti Bling Bling (2014)
 Siti Bling Bling Mengejar Cinta Pertama (2014) 
 Anak Jalanan (2015)

References

Indonesian actors
actors from California
1993 births
Living people
Dark Funeral

Dark Funeral are a Swedish black metal band from Stockholm. 

The band was formed in 1993 by guitarist Lord Ahriman and former guitarist Blackmoon. They released their debut album, The Secrets of the Black Arts, on 28 January 1996. Some past and present members of the band have an affinity for Satanism. Lord Ahriman and Emperor Magus Caligula are both practitioners of LaVeyan Satanism.

Band members 

Current
Lord Ahriman – guitar (1993–present)
Chaq Mol – guitar (2003–present)
Dominator – drums (2007–2010, 2011–present)
Zornheym – bass (2011–present)
Nachtgarm – vocals (2011–present)

Former
Themgoroth – vocals, bass (1993–1996)
Blackmoon – guitar (1993–1996)
Draugen – drums (1993–1994)
Equimanthorn – drums (1994–1996)
Typhos – guitar (1996–1998)
Alzazmon – drums (1996–1998)
Emperor Magus Caligula – vocals (1996–2001, 1996–2010)
Gaahnfaust – drums (1998–2000)
Matte Modin – drums (2000–2007)
Dominion – guitar (1998–2002)
Mikael Hedlund – bass (2001) (session)
Lord K Philipson – bass (2001–2002) (session)
Richard "Daemon" Cabeza – bass (2002–2005) (session)
B-Force – bass (2005–2010)

Discography

Albums
The Secrets of the Black Arts (1996)
Vobiscum Satanas (1998)
Diabolis Interium (2001)
Attera Totus Sanctus (2005)
Angelus Exuro pro Eternus (2009)
Where Shadows Forever Reign (2016)

References

Other websites 
Official website

1990s music groups
Musical groups established in 1993
2000s music groups
2010s music groups
Black metal bands
Swedish heavy metal bands
1993 establishments in Sweden
I (band)

I are a Norwegian heavy metal supergroup.

The band was formed in 2006 by Abbath Doom Occulta and Armagedda of Immortal, TC King of Gorgoroth and Ice Dale of Enslaved. They released their debut album, Between Two Worlds, on 2006 November 3 in the United Kingdom and on November 14, 2006 in North America.

Band members 
Abbath Doom Occulta – vocals, guitar
Ice Dale – guitar
TC King – bass guitar
Armagedda – drums
Demonaz Doom Occulta - lyrics

Discography

Albums
Between Two Worlds (2006)

References

Other websites 
Official website

2000s music groups
2010s music groups
Black metal bands
Musical groups established in 2006
Norwegian heavy metal bands
Thrash metal bands
2006 establishments in Europe
Genco Gulan

Genco Gulan ( (born 13 January 1969) is a Turkish sculptor, painter and writer. He was born in Istanbul and has lived in Frankfurt and New York. Gulan is interested in integrating new technologies, classics with contemporary culture. His art is conceptual pop media. He layers the symbolismand brings to our attantion with colors. He's teaching at Mimar Sinan Academy and Bogazici University.

References

Other websites 
The Sunday Times Malta.
Java Museum , Cologne

Sculptors
Painters
1969 births
Living people
Turkish people
Pinscreen animation

Pinscreen animation is a technique used for making animated movies with a device called a pinscreen. This device is a screen lit by the two vertical sides and filled with a vast number of movable pins. The pins can be pushed back and forth, casting their shadows on the screen to create images.  It makes unique visual effects, but because of the meticulousness the technique requires and its time-consuming side, it has been and always remains very rarely used.

Origins

The pinscreen is a device invented in the early thirties by Alexandre Alexeïeff, a French engraver, illustrator and filmmaker of Russian origin. Alexeïeff conceived this device to make animation movies showing the same kind of textural effects that its engravings.

Pinscreen device description
The device is a white screen with a multitude of little holes on all its surface. Each hole is filled with a pin that can slide back and forth and the screen is lit by the two vertical sides, allowing the pins to cast their shadow on the screen. If all the pins are pushed in the screen, they can't cast any shadow and the screen appears entirely white. Conversely, if all the pins are pushed out of the screen, it's total darkness. Depending of how far the pins jut out of the front of the screen, their shadows are shorter or longer, allowing the artist to create images in different tones of gray.

Animation technique

Each of the frames created on the pinscreen is photographed before creating the next frame. When strung together, the frames create the illusion of movement.

Pinscreen movies and legacy

Alexeïeff and his partner Claire Parker completed, in 1933, the animated movie "Night on Bald Mountain", before making another movie in 1943, "En passant", for the National Film Board of Canada (NFB). Many years later, The NFB acquired a full-sized pinscreen and in 1972, Alexeïeff and Parker were invited back to the NFB and gave several workshops on pinscreen animation to a group of filmmakers. One of the most interested Quebecer filmmaker in pinscreen animation is probably Jacques Drouin. He made several animated movies using that technique : "Trois exercices sur l'écran d'épingles d'Alexeïef" in 1974, "Mindscape" in 1976, "Nightangel" in 1986 that was co-directed with Bretislav Pojar, "Ex-child" in 1994, "A Hunting Lesson" in 2001 and "Imprints" in 2004. It's with his movie "Mindscape" that Drouin expressed his own style with the pinscreen technique for the first time, a style different from Alexeïeff's. On the technical plane, Drouin also innovated with "Nightangel", in which he colours the pinscreen images by filtering the light sources.  Recently, animator and illustrator Michèle Lemieux has made "Le grand ailleurs et le petit ici" with the NFB's pinscreen.

References

Animation
Movie industry
Muria people

The Muria are an aboriginal tribe in Chhattisgarh, India. They are a tribe of the Gondi people. The Muria live in the Bastar district of Chhattisgarh. They traditionally live by agriculture, hunting and fishing, working as a community. They are surrounded by Hindu culture, but they are animists. They have an omnivorous diet, and liquor plays a big role in their society. According to sociologists, the Muria tribe is a very harmonious society.

When they reach adolescence, children leave their family houses to live in a ghotul. A ghotul is like a mixed-sex dormitory where adolescents practice sexual intercourse, sometimes with a single partner and sometimes with multiple partners. Pregnancy should be avoided and they are obligated to regularly change partners, in order to avoid affection. In the ghotul, the minors govern themselves and it is important to maintain social and traditional order in the group. If the rules are not respected, the children will be punished. They can be expelled from the ghotul and this can be almost as bad as death.

In the ghotul, there is no bond of affection because they want to avoid too much love before the marriage. The objective of all this organisation is to avoid divorce. For the Muria, it is considered important to govern sexuality in their community, because they believe that the sexuality is the biggest problem of humans and that society will not be able to achieve equilibrium if they don't figure prominently in sexuality.

References

Other websites

Ethnic groups in India
Chhattisgarh
Lucy Hale

Karen Lucille "Lucy" Hale (born June 14, 1989 in Memphis, Tennessee) is an American actress and singer. Her movies include Scream 4, Bionic Woman and Privileged. She also acted in the TV series Pretty Little Liars.

References

American movie actors
American television actors
singers from Memphis, Tennessee
Actors from Memphis, Tennessee
1989 births
Living people
Victoria Rowell

Victoria Rowell (born May 10, 1960 inPortland, Maine) is an American actress and writer. She stars mostly on television programs. She played the character Drucilla in the CBS soap series The Young and the Restless. She also did other television programs.

References and Notes

American television actors
Actors from Maine
People from Portland, Maine
Writers from Maine
1959 births
Living people
Ashley Benson

Ashley Victoria Benson (b. December 18, 1989 in Anaheim, California) is an American actress. She plays the character Abby Deveraux on the soap opera Days of Our Lives. She also played the character Hanna in the TV series Pretty Little Liars. She began her acting career with commercials. Benson is one of the stars in Spring Breakers.

References

American television actors
Actors from Anaheim, California
1989 births
Living people
Love's Labour's Won

Love's Labour's Won was probably the name of a play William Shakespeare wrote before 1603. One theory is that it was a sequel to another play, possibly Love's Labour's Lost. Another theory is that the play survived, but with a different name. Today, no copies of the play exist.

Plays by William Shakespeare
Vertigo

Vertigo: a person feels as if the world around them is spinning, or that they are spinning, or the spinning is in their head. Vertigo can be caused by different medical conditions; when it happens because of a migraine it is called migraine-associated vertigo. It may happen before a migraine headache starts or during the headache, but vertigo is most common during the period of time between headaches. Many people who have migraines have vertigo or dizziness as the main symptom instead of a headache.

There are different way of vertigo associated with migraines, making a person feel; from feeling lightheaded or: 
Episodic true vertigo: 
Positional vertigo: which happens when a person holds their head in a certain positions.
Constant imbalance: 
Movement associated dysequilibrium: different types of movement may cause vertigo.

References

Migraine
Thomas J. Hudner, Jr.

Thomas Jerome Hudner, Jr. (August 31, 1924 – November 13, 2017) was a retired officer of the United States Navy. He is also a former naval aviator. He rose to the rank of captain. He received the Medal of Honor for his actions trying to save the life of his wingman, Ensign Jesse L. Brown. It was during the Battle of Chosin Reservoir in the Korean War.

Biography
He was born in Fall River, Massachusetts. He was a student at Phillips Academy and the United States Naval Academy. At first he was not interested in aviation, but later he learned to fly and joined Fighter Squadron 32. He flew a F4U Corsair at the start of the Korean War. Arriving near Korea in October 1950, he flew support missions from the .

On 4 December 1950 Hudner and Brown were among a group of pilots on patrol near the Chosin Reservoir. Brown's Corsair was shot by Chinese troops and crashed. In an attempt to save Brown from his burning aircraft, Hudner intentionally crash-landed his own aircraft on a snowy mountain in freezing temperatures to help Brown. In spite of these efforts, Brown died of his injuries and Hudner was forced to leave, having also been injured in the landing.

Later, Hudner served aboard several U.S. Navy ships and with a number of aviation units, including a short time as Executive Officer of the  during the Vietnam War, before retiring in 1973. After retiring, he worked for veterans organizations in the United States. He lived in Concord, Massachusetts. The  guided missile destroyer  is named for him.

Hudner died at his home in Concord, Massachusetts on November 13, 2017 at the age of 93.

Medal of Honor citation
Hudner was one of 11 men awarded the Medal of Honor during the Battle of Chosin Reservoir. He was the first of seven U.S. Navy servicemen, and the only Naval aviator, to be awarded the Medal of Honor in the Korean War.

Related pages
 List of Korean War Medal of Honor recipients
 List of living Medal of Honor recipients

References

Sources
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Online sources

Other websites

 
 Historic footage of Thomas Hudner receiving Medal of Honor from President Harry Truman.

1924 births
2017 deaths
American aviators
American military personnel of the Korean War
American military personnel of the Vietnam War
People from Massachusetts
United States Navy Medal of Honor recipients
Malpiya Davey

Malpiya Davey (born 1959), also known as Irpintiri Davey, is an Aboriginal Australian artist from Pukatja, South Australia. She is best known for her ceramic artworks, but she also does painting, printmaking and weaving. Davey works for Ernabella Arts, the community arts co-operative in Pukatja. Ernabella Arts opened a ceramic studio in 2003, and Malpiya has since become one of its most prolific artists. She specialises in ceramic sgraffito.

Malpiya is Pitjantjatjara. Her parent's country is to the west of Pukatja between Watarru and Iltur, close to the border with Western Australia. She decorates the ceramic with glazed or painted designs. Her designs depict various traditional bush foods from her family's country, such as  (desert raisins),  (quandong) and  (wild figs). These are the subject of many of her sgraffito pieces.

Malpiya's ceramic work has been shown in several major exhibitions around Australia, including at Flinders University, Cudgegong Gallery, Strathnairn Homestead Gallery, and the Museum and Art Gallery of the Northern Territory. It was also featured twice at the annual Desert Mob exhibition in Alice Springs, in 2003 and 2004. Examples are held in the permanent collections of the Grafton Regional Gallery in New South Wales, the Art Gallery of South Australia, and the National Gallery of Australia. The National Museum of Australia also contains examples of Malpiya's screen prints.

References

Other websites
Malpiya Davey at Prints and Printmaking

1959 births
Living people
Australian painters
Indigenous Australian artists
Artists from South Australia
Pitjantjatjara
Australian printmakers
Weavers
Ceramists
Malya Teamay

Malya Teamay is an Aboriginal Australian artist. He is also an administrator of Uluṟu-Kata Tjuṯa National Park, serving as a member of its Board of Management. As an artist, Teamay works for Walkatjara Art Uluṟu. This art centre is part of the Uluṟu–Kata Tjuṯa Cultural Centre located inside the national park. Examples of Teamay's paintings are held in the Queensland Gallery of Modern Art, and the Museum of Victoria.

Teamay was born in 1947, at Curtin Springs, a cattle station in the southwest of the Northern Territory. His family was Pitjantjatjara. He grew up at Uluṟu, Areyonga and Ernabella. He worked as a stockman for most of his early life. Teamay moved to Muṯitjulu after it was established in the mid-1980s. He began painting soon after, originally as a way of telling others about the history of his people. His first painting was about the problem of petrol sniffing. He has made several different versions of this painting since.

Like most other artists from this region, Teamay also paints the  associated with his country. These are stories about his spiritual ancestors from the Dreamtime and their journeys across the land. Teamay's paintings focus on the Seven Sisters, and the Liru and Kuniya Dreamings. His work Tjukurpa of Uluṟu is pictured on the admission tickets to the park. It depicts the spiritual law associated with Uluṟu. The other subjects he commonly paints are stories from the Australian gold rush, social problems faced by his community, and the effects of destructive habits on the environment.

Malya is a very active member of the Aboriginal community and has travelled widely around Australia to speak on Anangu issues. He has also served as the chairman of the Nyangatjatjara Aboriginal Corporation, which governs employment, educational and economic opportunities for Aboriginal people in the southwestern Northern Territory.

References

1947 births
Living people
Australian painters
Indigenous Australian artists
Artists from the Northern Territory
Pitjantjatjara
Dress code

A dress code is a rule about what people should wear. Many times these rules are obvious: they do not need to be written. For example, when walking around a city or going to work one needs to have appropriate clothes. These can change depending on different countries and cultures. At other times a dress code can be a written rule: this can happen for important events. Some private places might also have a dress code that people need to follow to be allowed in - for example churches and nightclubs.

The way a person chooses their clothes can be very important in a social environment. Different types of clothes can give an idea of how much money a person has, what religion he follows, marital status, etc.

Western dress codes 
In the Western world, there are the following dress codes for important events. These can include, for example, State dinners (when important people of different countries meet over dinner), weddings or the Nobel Prize ceremony.
Casual attire is a relaxe dress for had more freedom.
Ceremonial dress or Court dress: this depends on the country and occasion
Formal or White tie. Men have a black suit, a white shirt and a white bow tie. Women have a long dress; they can't wear trousers.
Semi-formal or Black tie. It is similar to a white tie, but the suit is a bit different and the bow tie needs to be black.
Informal or Business attire. Men have a simple suit with a shirt of any colour and a tie. Women can wear a short dress or even a business suit if they like.

Clothing
MI5

MI5, also called Security Service is one of three British intelligence agencies. It is the security agency responsible for counter-intelligence inside the United Kingdom. It gives the government information about hostile activities inside the UK. The slang term for MI5 inside the security services is "Box 500", after its old wartime postal address. Priorities are set by the Joint Intelligence Committee. All its employees are bound by the Official Secrets Act.

The Secret Intelligence Service (or MI6) is responsible for intelligence collection outside the UK, and the Government Communications Headquarters is responsible for providing signals intelligence.

The arm of the law which works for MI5 is known informally as Special Branch. They have been rearranged as part of the Metropolitan Police's Counter Terrorism Command. MI5 staff do not have the power of arrest: what they do is instruct Special Branch, who then do the leg-work and interrogation of suspects.

Military of the United Kingdom
Intelligence agencies
Government agencies of the United Kingdom
Gretchen Mol

Gretchen Mol (born November 8, 1972 in Connecticut) is an American actress. She has been in many movies and in television programs. She starred in Rounders, Celebrity and Girl 6. Gretchen began her acting career during the mid 1990s.

Actors from Connecticut
American movie actors
1972 births
Living people
Function composition

In mathematics, function composition is a way of making a new function from two other functions through a chain-like process.

More specifically, given a function f  from X to Y and a function g from Y to Z, then the function "g composed with f", written as g ∘ f, is a function from X to Z (notice how it is usually written in the opposite way to how people would expect it to be).

The value of f given the input x is written as f(x). The value of g ∘ f given the input x is written as (g ∘ f)(x), and is defined as g(f(x)).

As an example. let f be a function which doubles a number (multiplies it by 2), and let g be a function which subtracts 1 from a number. These two functions can be written as:

Here, g composed with f would be the function which doubles a number, and then subtracts 1 from it. That is:

On the other hand, f composed with g would be the function which subtracts 1 from a number, and then doubles it:

Composition of functions can also be generalized to binary relations, where it is sometimes represented using the same  symbol (as in ).

Properties

Function composition can be proven to be associative, which means that:

However, function composition is in general not commutative, which means that:

This can be also seen in the first example, where (g ∘ f)(2) = 2*2 - 1 = 3 and (f ∘ g)(2) = 2*(2-1) = 2.

Related pages 

 Chain rule

References

Mathematics
Double

Double may mean:

 Multiplication by 2
 Body double, someone who substitutes for an actor
 Doppelgänger, someone who looks almost identical to someone else
The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring

The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring is a 2001 fantasy epic movie directed by Peter Jackson, serving as the first part to the Lord of the Rings trilogy. It got nominated for 14 Academy Awards.

Cast
 Elijah Wood as Frodo Baggins
 Ian McKellen as Gandalf the Grey
 Liv Tyler as Arwen
 Viggo Mortensen as Aragorn
 Sean Astin as Samwise Gamgee
 Billy Boyd as Pippin Took
 Dominic Monaghan as Merry Brandybuck
 Orlando Bloom as Legolas
 Craig Parker as Haldir
 Sean Bean as Boromir
 Ian Holm as Bilbo Baggins
 Hugo Weaving as Elrond
 Marton Csokas as Celeborn
 Cate Blanchett as Lady Galadriel
 Andy Serkis as Gollum
 Christopher Lee as Saruman the White
 Lawrence Makoare as Lurtz
 Harry Sinclair as Isildur
 Bret McKenzie as Figwit
 Peter McKenzie as Elendil

References

2000s fantasy movies
New Zealand movies
American fantasy movies
Movies directed by Peter Jackson
Movies that won the Best Makeup Academy Award
Movies that won the Best Visual Effects Academy Award
New Line Cinema movies
The Lord of the Rings (movie series)
The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers

The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers is a 2002 fantasy epic movie directed by Peter Jackson, serving as the second part to the Lord of the Rings trilogy.

Cast
 Elijah Wood as Frodo Baggins
 Ian McKellen as Gandalf the White
 Liv Tyler as Arwen
 Viggo Mortensen as Aragorn
 Sean Astin as Samwise Gamgee
 Cate Blanchett as Lady Galadriel
 John Rhys-Davies as Gilmi/Treebeard
 Bernard Hill as Theoden
 Christopher Lee as Saruman the White
 Billy Boyd as Pippin Took
 Dominic Monaghan as Merry Brandybuck
 Orlando Bloom as Legolas
 Craig Parker as Haldir
 Hugo Weaving as Elrond
 Miranda Otto as Eowyn
 Karl Urban as Eomer
 Brad Dourif as Grima Wormtongue
 John Noble as Denethor (extended version only)
 Sean Bean as Boromir
 David Wenham as Faramir
 Andy Serkis as Gollum
 Bruce Hopkins as Gambling
 John Bach as Madril
 Alistair Browning as Damrod
 Jed Brophy as Sharku/Snaga

References

2000s fantasy movies
New Zealand movies
American fantasy movies
Movies directed by Peter Jackson
Movies that won the Best Visual Effects Academy Award
New Line Cinema movies
The Lord of the Rings (movie series)
The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King

The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King is a 2003 fantasy epic movie directed by Peter Jackson, serving as the end to the Lord of the Rings trilogy. It notably won all 11 Academy Awards it got nominated for, including Best Picture.

Cast
 Elijah Wood as Frodo Baggins
 Ian McKellen as Gandalf the White
 Liv Tyler as Arwen
 Viggo Mortensen as Aragorn
 Sean Astin as Samwise Gamgee
 Cate Blanchett as Lady Galadriel
 John Rhys-Davies as Gilmi/Treebeard
 Bernard Hill as Theoden
 Christopher Lee as Saruman the White (extended version only)
 Billy Boyd as Pippin Took
 Dominic Monaghan Merry Brandybuck
 Orlando Bloom as Legolas
 Hugo Weaving as Elrond
 Miranda Otto as Eowyn
 Karl Urban as Eomer
 Brad Dourif as Grima Wormtongue (extended version only)
 John Noble as Denethor
 Sean Bean as Boromir
 David Wenham as Faramir
 Craig Parker as Guritz
 Andy Serkis as Gollum
 Ian Holm as Bilbo Baggins
 Bruce Spence as Mount of Sauron (extended version only)
 Lawrence Makoare as Witch-king of Angmar/Gothmog
 Paul Norell as King of the Dead
 Marton Csokas as Celeborn
 Harry Sinclair as Isildur
 Ian Hughes as Irolas
 Bruce Hopkins as Gamling
 Bruce Phillips as Grimbold
 Bret McKenzie as Figwit
 Joel Tolbeck as Orc Lieutenant
 Sawdyn Brophy as Eldarion
 Alistair Browning as Damrod

References

2000s fantasy movies
New Zealand movies
American fantasy movies
Best Picture Oscar
Movies directed by Peter Jackson
Movies that won the Best Makeup Academy Award
Movies that won the Best Original Song Academy Award
Movies that won the Best Visual Effects Academy Award
New Line Cinema movies
The Lord of the Rings (movie series)
Hunter Tylo

Deborah Jo Hunter (also known as Hunter Tylo; born July 3, 1962, in Fort Worth, Texas) is an American actress. She works mostly in television soap operas. Her first appearance was in All My Children in 1985. She was fired three years later. She played Taylor Hayes in The Bold and the Beautiful. She also acted in other television programs.

Other websites

Hunter Tylo Official Site
Hunter Tylo's Charity

Hunter Tylo on the Net 
Retinoblastoma International

Actors from Texas
1962 births
Living people
Weißenburg-Gunzenhausen

is a rural district in Mittelfranken in the middle of Bavaria, Germany. Neighbor districts are: Roth, Ansbach, Eichstätt and Donau-Ries; Weißenburg i.Bay. is the capital of the district Weißenburg-Gunzenhausen.

Towns and municipalities

References

Other websites

 Official website (German)
Familial hemiplegic migraine

Familial hemiplegic migraine is a rare type of migraine headache with aura. It is an inherited medical disorder that causes paralysis on one side of the body.

References

Migraine
Aqdas

The Aqdas (, ; , ) is the central holy book of the Baha'i Faith. It was written by Bahá'u'lláh, the founder of the Baha'i Faith and it deals with various topics including ethics, prophecies and devotion.

Bahá'í Faith
Religious texts
Pokémon X and Y

Pokémon X and Y are two role-playing games (RPGs) in the Pokémon series made by Game Freak for the Nintendo 3DS. 

The games were announced by Nintendo on January 8, 2013. They were released on October 12, 2013. X and Y are the first ever full 3D games in the main Pokémon series.

New starting Pokémon were revealed in the announcement video for the game. The starters for X and Y are the Grass-type Pokémon, Chespin, the Fire-type Pokémon, Fennekin, and the Water-type Pokémon, Froakie. The announcement video also showed two new legendary Pokémon, Yveltal, a bird-like Pokémon which has a shape kind of like the letter Y, and Xerneas, a deer-like Pokémon which has X-shapes in its eyes. Another Pokémon, Sylveon, is both a new Eevee evolution and an entirely new type called the Fairy-type, which is strong against Dragon-type Pokémon. Some older Pokémon, like Jigglypuff, Marill, and Gardevoir, have also been changed to be part Fairy-type. There is also a new gameplay element called Mega Evolution. Some Pokémon like Mewtwo, Blaziken, and Lucario are able to power up during a battle if they are holding a Mega Stone. Mega forms of Pokémon are stronger than their normal forms.

References

Other websites
Nintendo's announcement video for Pokémon X and Y

2013 video games
Nintendo 3DS games
X and Y
Uri, Jammu and Kashmir

Uri () is a town and sub-district of the Baramulla District in Jammu and Kashmir, India. It is located along the Jhelum River.

Tehsils of Jammu and Kashmir
Kepler (spacecraft)

Kepler is a space observatory launched by NASA to discover Earth-like planets orbiting other stars. The spacecraft, named in honor of the 17th-century German astronomer Johannes Kepler, was launched on 7 March 2009. It was active for  as of  , .
 
The Kepler mission is "specifically designed to survey a portion of our region of the Milky Way galaxy to discover dozens of Earth-size planets in or near the habitable zone and determine how many of the billions of stars in our galaxy have such planets". It works by the occultation method. A photometer continually monitors the brightness of over 145,000 main sequence stars in a fixed field of view. This data is transmitted to Earth, then analyzed. The aim is to find periodic dimming caused by extrasolar planets which cross in front of their host star. As of January 2013, there are a total of 2,740 candidates.
 
Kepler is part of NASA's Discovery Program of relatively low-cost primary science missions. The telescope's construction and initial operation were managed by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory. To start with, the mission lifetime was 3.5 years. In 2012, this was extended to 2016, partly due to difficulties in processing and analyzing the huge volume of data collected by the spacecraft.

Kepler retires 
The Kepler space telescope has had to give up its planet-hunting mission because its pointing system has problems which the engineers cannot fix.

References 

NASA spacecraft
Across

Across may refer to:
 "Across the Universe", song written by John Lennon
 "Phineas and Ferb The Movie: Across the 2nd Dimension
 Suzuki Across, a motorcycle manufactured by Suzuki
Dawn Wells

Dawn Elberta Wells (October 18, 1938 – December 30, 2020) was an American actor, producer and author. She worked mostly in television. She played Mary Ann Summers in the TV series Gilligan's Island during the 1960s. Before that, she was Miss Nevada in 1959 and competed in the Miss America Pageant in 1960.

Wells died on December 30, 2020 at the age of 82 in Los Angeles, due to problems caused by COVID-19.

References 

Actors from Nevada
1938 births
2020 deaths
People from Reno, Nevada
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
Models from Nevada
Michelle Forbes

Michelle Forbes (born January 8, 1965 in Austin, Texas) is an American actress who has performed in many movies and television programs. She was in the series True Blood, Star Trek: The Next Generation, Guiding Light and Homicide: Life on the Street; she was also in Swimming with Sharks and Escape from L.A.. She also had other projects besides these.

Actors from Texas
1965 births
Living people