September 6



Events

Up to 1900 
 3761 BC  The first day of the Hebrew Calendar.
 394  Battle of Frigidus: The Christian Roman Emperor Theodosius I defeats and kills the pagan usurper Eugenius and his Frankish general Arbogast.
 1492  Christopher Columbus leaves La Gomera in the Canary Islands, his last land-stop on the way of his voyage that takes him to the Caribbean.
 1522  The Victoria, one of the surviving ships of Ferdinand Magellan's expedition, returns to San Lucar de Barrameda in Spain, becoming the first ship to circumnavigate the world, with captain Juan Sebastian de Elcano.
 1620  The Pilgrims sail from Plymouth, England, on the Mayflower to settle in North America.
 1628  Puritans settle Salem which will later become part of Massachusetts Bay Colony.
 1634  Thirty Years' War: In the Battle of Nordlingen, the Catholic imperial army defeats the Protestant armies of Sweden and Germany.
 1689  Imperial China and Russia agree on their border, which runs along the Amur River.
 1776  A tropical storm strikes the Caribbean island of Guadeloupe, killing 6,000 people.
 1781  The Battle of Groton Heights takes place with the result of a British minor victory.
 1803  British scientist John Dalton begins using symbols to represent the atoms of different elements.
 1839  Polynesian atoll Ahe in the Tuamoto Archipelago, in the Pacific Ocean, is discovered and mapped by US naval officer Charles Wilkes.
 1847  Henry David Thoreau leaves Walden Pond and moves in with Ralph Waldo Emerson and his family in Concord, Massachusetts.
 1861  American Civil War: Forces under Union General Ulysses S. Grant bloodlessly capture Paducah, Kentucky, which gives the Union control the mouth of the Tennessee River.
 1863  American Civil War: Confederates evacuate Battery Wagner and Morris Islands in South Carolina.
 1870  Louisa Ann Swain of Laramie, Wyoming, votes in the morning, becoming the first woman in the United States to cast a vote legally after 1807.
 1870  The ship HMS Captain sinks in a storm off Cape Finisterre, Galicia, Spain, killing almost 500 people.
 1885  Eastern Rumelia declares its union with Bulgaria.
 1888  Charles Turner becomes the first bowler to take 250 wickets in an English season – a feat since accomplished only by Tom Richardson (twice), J. T. Hearne, Wilfred Rhodes (twice) and Tich Freeman (six times).
 1891  The first Paris-Brest-Paris cycling race is held, finishing on September 9.
 1898  Queen Wilhelmina of the Netherlands is allowed to reign in her own right, having turned 18 the previous week, after Emma of Waldeck and Pyrmont acted as regent for her over the previous eight years.

1901  2000 
 1901  American anarchist Leon Czolgosz shoots and fatally wounds US President William McKinley at the Pan-American Exposition in Buffalo, New York. McKinley dies on September 14 from his injuries.
 1915  The first prototype tank is tested for the British Army for the first time.
 1929  Finnish steamship Kuru sinks, killing 150, many of them school children.
 1930  Democratically elected President of Argentina Hipólito Yrigoyen is deposed in a military coup.
 1937  Spanish Civil War: The start of the Battle of El Mazuco.
 1939  World War II: South Africa declares war on Germany.
 1940  King Carol II of Romania abdicates the throne. His son, Michael of Romania, succeeds him.
 1941  Holocaust: The requirement to wear the Star of David with the word Jew inscribed, is extended to all Jews over the age of 6 in German-occupied areas.
 1943  The Monterrey Institute of Technology in Mexico is founded.
 1943  The Pennsylvania railroad's premier train derails at Frankford Junction in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
 1944  World War II: Ypres, Belgium, is liberated by Allied forces.
 1944  World War II: Soviet forces capture the city of Tartu, Estonia.
 1946  United States Secretary of State James F. Byrnes announces that the US will follow a policy of Economic Reconstruction in post-war Germany.
 1948  Juliana becomes Queen of the Netherlands. This comes after the abdication from the throne of Queen Wilhelmina.
 1949  Allied military authorities relinquish control of former Nazi Germany assets back to German control.
 1952  Canada's first TV station, CBFT-TV opens in Montreal.
 1952  A prototype aircraft crashes at the Farnborough Air Show in Hampshire, England, UK, killing 29 people.
 1965  War of 1965: India attacks Pakistan and announces that its forces will capture Lahore in an hour.
 1966  In Cape Town, the South African architect of Apartheid, Prime Minister Hendrik Verwoerd is stabbed to death during a parliamentary meeting.
 1968  Swaziland becomes independent.
 1970  Jimi Hendrix performs what turns out to be his last concert, on the German Baltic Sea island of Fehmarn, on the last day of the Love and Peace Festival.
 1970  Four passenger jets are simultaneously hijacked. Two are taken to Dawson's Field.
 1972  Munich Massacre: Israeli athletes and coaches are killed when police assault Black September members in a failed hostage rescue in Munich, West Germany.
 1975  An earthquake in Lice, Turkey kills 2,400 people.
 1976  Cold War: Soviet air force pilot Lt. Viktor Belenko lands a MiG-25 jet fighter at Hakodate on the island of Hokkaido in Japan and requests political asylum from the United States.
 1983  The Soviet Union admits shooting down Korean Air Flight KAL-007, stating that the pilots did not know it was a civilian aircraft when it violated Soviet airspace.
 1985  Midwest Express Airlines Flight 105, a Douglas DC-9 crashes just after takeoff from Milwaukee, Wisconsin, killing 31.
 1986  In Istanbul, two Arab terrorists from Abu Nidal's terror organization kill 22 and wound six inside the Neve Shalom synagogue during Shabbat services.
 1991  The Soviet Union recognizes the independence of the Baltic states: Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania.
 1991  The name Saint Petersburg is restored to Russia's second largest city, which had been renamed Leningrad in 1924.
 1995  With the jury absent, Los Angeles police detective Mark Fuhrman invokes his Fifth Amendment right against self-incrimination in the murder trial of O. J. Simpson.
 1995  Cal Ripken Jr. breaks Lou Gehrig's record of playing 2131 consecutive baseball games.
 1997  The funeral of Diana, Princess of Wales at Westminster Abbey draws large crowds.
 1997  Uranus' moons of Caliban and Sycorax are discovered.
 2000  In New York City, the United Nations Millennium Summit begins with more than 180 world leaders present.

From 2001 
 2001  United States v. Microsoft: The United States Justice Department announces that it was no longer seeking to break up software maker Microsoft and will instead seek a lesser antitrust penalty.
 2003  EU foreign ministers categorise Hamas as a terrorist organisation.
 2006  The Germany national football team scores its biggest-ever away win, defeating the San Marino national football team 13-0.
 2008  The 2008 Summer Paralympics in Beijing begin, running until September 17.
 2009  The ferry SuperFerry 9 sinks off the Zamboanga Peninsula in the Philippines with 971 people on board. All but 10 are rescued.
 2012  61 people die and 48 are injured after a fishing boat capsizes off Izmir Province, Western Turkey, near Greece's Aegean Islands.
 2017  Hurricane Irma sweeps across the Lesser Antilles in the Eastern Caribbean; Almost every building on the island of Barbuda is destroyed.
 2018  Homosexuality is legalised in India, following a decision by the Supreme Court of India.
 2018  Brazilian Presidential candidate Jair Bolsonaro is stabbed while campaigning; he survives the attack and is later elected President.

Births

Up to 1850 
 1475  Sebastiano Serlio, Italian architect (d. 1554)
 1620  Isabella Leonarda, composer (d. 1704)
 1656  Guillaume Dubois, French cardinal and statesman (d. 1723)
 1666  Tsar Ivan V of Russia (d. 1696)
 1711  Henry Muhlenberg, German-born founder of the US Lutheran Church (d. 1787)
 1729  Moses Mendelssohn, German philosopher (d. 1786)
 1732  Johan Wicke, Swedish physicist (d. 1796)
 1757  Gilbert de Motier, Marquis de Lafayette, French soldier and politician (d. 1834)
 1761  Marie-Gabrielle Capet, French painter (d. 1818)
 1766  John Dalton, British chemist and physicist (d. 1844)
 1781  Anton Diabelli, Austrian music publisher and composer (d. 1858)
 1795  Frances Wright, writer, activist, and lecturer (d. 1852)
 1800  Catharine Beecher, American educator (d. 1878)
 1802  Alcide d'Orbigny, French naturalist (d. 1857)
 1808  Abdelkader El Djezairi, Algerian political figure (d. 1883)
 1809  Bruno Bauer, German philosopher (d. 1882)
 1815  St. John Richardson Liddell, American Confederate general (d. 1870)
 1817  Mihai Kogalniceanu, Romanian politician (d. 1891)
 1819  William Rosecrans, American general and diplomat (d. 1898)
 1825  Giovanni Fattori, Italian painter (d. 1908)
 1829  Marie Zakrzewska, physician (d. 1902)
 1838  Samuel Arnold, American conspirator (d. 1906)

1851  1900 
 1852  Schalk Willem Burger, South African politician, military leader and State President (d. 1918)
 1855  Ferdinand Hummel, German harpist, pianist, conductor and composer (d. 1928)
 1857  Zelia Nuttall, archeologist and historian (d. 1933)
 1859  Boris Yakovlovic Bukreev, Russian mathematician (d. 1962)
 1860  Jane Addams, American social activist and Nobel Peace Prize winner (d. 1935)
 1861  William Lane, English-Australian journalist (d. 1917)
 1868  Margaret Dreier Robins, American labor leader and reformer (d. 1947)
 1869  Felix Salten, Austrian writer (d. 1945)
 1869  Walford Davies, English organist and composer (d. 1941)
 1876  John James Rickard Macleod, Scottish physiologist, won the 1923 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1935)
 1877  Buddy Bolden, American jazz musician (d. 1930)
 1879  Joseph Wirth, Chancellor of Germany (d. 1956)
 1879  Johan Nygaardsvold, Prime Minister of Norway (d. 1952)
 1879  Max Schreck, German actor (d. 1936)
 1883  Norman Birkett, 1st Baron Birkett, British jurist and politician (d. 1962)
 1885  Otto Kruger, American actor (d. 1974)
 1888  Joseph P. Kennedy, Sr., American politician, businessman, diplomat and family patriarch (d. 1969)
 1890  Claire Chennault, soldier (d. 1958)
 1892  Sir Edward Appleton, English physicist, winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics (d. 1965)
 1893  John W. Bricker, 54th Governor of Ohio (d. 1986)
 1899  Billy Rose, composer (d. 1966)
 1900  W.A.C. Bennett, Canadian politician (d. 1979)
 1900  Julien Green, French-American writer (d. 1998)

1901  1950 
 1902  Sylvanus Olympio, 1st President of Togo (d. 1963)
 1904  Slapsie Maxie Rosenbloom, boxer (d. 1976)
 1905  Otto Liiv, Estonian historian and archivist (d. 1942)
 1905  Walther Müller, German physicist (d. 1979)
 1906  Luis Federico Leloir, Argentine biochemist (d. 1987)
 1908  Korczak Ziolkowski, American sculptor (d. 1982)
 1911  Harry Danning, American Major League Baseball player (d. 2004)
 1912  Michele Andreolo, Uruguayan-Italian footballer (d. 1981)
 1913  Leonidas da Silva, Brazilian footballer (d. 2004)
 1915  Franz Josef Strauss, German politician and Minister-President of Bavaria (d. 1988)
 1917  Philipp von Boeselager, German military officer and Resistance activist (d. 2008)
 1919  Wilson Greatbatch, American inventor (d. 2011)
 1921  Carmen Laforet, Spanish writer (d. 2004)
 1921  David Petel, Iraqi-Israeli politician (d. 2019)
 1921  Norman Joseph Woodland, American inventor (d. 2012)
 1923  King Peter II of Yugoslavia (d. 1970)
 1924  John Melcher, American politician (d. 2018)
 1925  Andrea Camilleri, Italian author, screenwriter and director (d. 2019)
 1925  Jimmy Reed, American blues singer (d. 1976)
 1926  Claus van Amsberg, Prince Consort of the Netherlands (d. 2002)
 1927  Fouad el-Mohandes, Egyptian actor and comedian (d. 2006)
 1928  Robert M. Pirsig, American writer (d. 2017)
 1928  Evgeny Svetlanov, Russian conductor and composer (d. 2002)
 1928  Fumihiko Maki, Japanese architect
 1928  Sid Watkins, British neurosurgeon (d. 2012)
 1929  Yash Johar, Indian movie producer (d. 2005)
 1929  Lyubov Rebane, Estonian physicist and mathematician (d. 1991)
 1930  Charles Foley, American co-inventor of the game Twister (d. 2013)
 1930  Salvatore de Giorgi, Italian archbishop
 1934  Paul Naschy, Spanish actor, screenwriter and movie director (d. 2009)
 1935  Isabelle Collin Dufresne, French-American artist and author (d. 2014)
 1936  Anne Cuneo, Swiss writer and director (d. 2015)
 1937  Janusz Kurczab, Polish mountaineer and fencer (d. 2015)
 1937  Jo Anne Worley, actress
 1937  Sergio Aragonés, Spanish illustrator
 1937  Brigid Berlin, American actor and artist
 1938  Dennis Oppenheim, American artist (d. 2011)
 1939  Susumu Tonegawa, Japanese molecular biologist
 1939  David Allan Coe, American songwriter, singer and guitarist
 1942  Dave Bargeron, American trombonist and tuba player
 1943  Harris Hines, American judge (d. 2018)
 1943  Richard J. Roberts, British biochemist and molecular biologist
 1943  Roger Waters, British musician (Pink Floyd)
 1944  Swoosie Kurtz, American actress
 1944  Donna Haraway, American writer and activist
 1947  Jane Curtin, American actress
 1947  Bruce Rioch, Scottish footballer and coach
 1948  Karlos Arguiñano, Spanish chef

1951  1975 
 1952  Buddy Miller, American singer-songwriter
 1952  Simon Burns, English politician
 1954  Carly Fiorina, American business executive and Presidential candidate
 1955  Carl E. Walz, American astronaut
 1956  Bill Ritter, former Governor of Colorado
 1957  Michaëlle Jean, former Governor General of Canada
 1957  José Sócrates, former Prime Minister of Portugal
 1958  Jeff Foxworthy, American comedian, actor, and writer
 1958  Arsinée Khanjian, Armenian-Canadian actress
 1959  Ronnie Cowan, Scottish politician
 1961  Scott Travis, American musician (Judas Priest)
 1961  Paul Waaktaar-Savoy, Norwegian musician (a-ha)
 1962  Chris Christie, Governor of New Jersey
 1962  Marina Kaljurand, Estonian badminton player and diplomat
 1963  Pat Nevin, Scottish footballer
 1963  Geert Wilders, Dutch politician
 1964  Rosie Perez, American actress
 1965  Takumi Horiike, Japanese footballer
 1966  Emil Boc, Romanian politician
 1966  Jill Ellis, English-American soccer coach
 1967  William DuVall, American singer (Alice in Chains)
 1967  Macy Gray, American singer
 1968  Paddy Boom, American drummer and songwriter (Scissor Sisters)
 1968  Christopher Brookmyre, Scottish writer
 1969  Norio Omura, Japanese footballer
 1969  Ce Ce Peniston, American singer
 1970  Paul Miller, (DJ Spooky) American composer, artist, writer
 1970  Igor Korolev, Russian ice hockey player (d. 2011)
 1970  Emily Maitlis, English journalist
 1971  Dolores O'Riordan, Irish musician (The Cranberries) (d. 2018)
 1971  Leila K, Swedish rapper
 1972  China Miéville, writer
 1972  Dylan Bruno, American actor
 1972  Idris Elba, British actor
 1973  Alessandro Troncon, Italian rugby player
 1973  Carlo Cudicini, Italian footballer
 1973  Greg Rusedski, Canadian-British tennis player
 1974  Tim Henman, British tennis player
 1974  Justin Whalin, actor
 1974  Nina Persson, Swedish singer (The Cardigans)
 1975  Gala, Italian singer

From 1976 
 1976  Robin Atkin Downes, English actor and voice actor
 1976  Tom Pappas, American athlete
 1976  Naomie Harris, British actress
 1978  Homare Sawa, Japanese footballer
 1978  Foxy Brown, American rapper
 1978  Mathew Horne, English actor and screenwriter
 1979  Massimo Maccarone, Italian footballer
 1980  Kerry Katona, British singer and television personality
 1980  Joseph Yobo, Nigerian footballer
 1981  Yuki Abe, Japanese footballer
 1981  Santiago Salcedo, Paraguayan footballer
 1983  Pippa Middleton, sister of Catherine, Duchess of Cambridge
 1984  Luc Abalo, French handball player
 1984  Andarz Kirm, Slovenian footballer
 1984  Thomas Dekker, Dutch cyclist
 1985  Tadas Kijanskas, Lithuanian footballer
 1985  Koki Mizuno, Japanese footballer
 1985  Webbie, American rapper
 1988  Max George, British singer (The Wanted)
 1989  Kim So-eun, South Korean singer
 1989  Audrey Deroin, French handball player
 1990  John Wall, American basketball player
 1994  Theo Trebs, German actor
 2006  Prince Hisahito of Akishino of Japan

Deaths

Up to 1900 
 394  Eugenius, Roman Emperor
 926  Emperor Taizu of Liao of China (b. 872)
 957  Liudolf, Duke of Swabia (b. 930)
 972  Pope John XIII
 1276  Vicedomino de Vicedominis, Italian cardinal (b. 1210)
 1511  Ashikaga Yoshizumi, Ashikaga shogun (b. 1481)
 1566  Suleiman the Magnificent, Ottoman Sultan (b. 1494)
 1635  Metius, Dutch mathematician and astronomer (b. 1571)
 1649  Robert Dudley, English explorer and geographer (b. 1574)
 1683  Jean-Baptiste Colbert, French minister of finance (b. 1619)
 1708  Sir John Morden, philanthropist (b. 1623)
 1724  Jonathan Singletary Dunham, American settler, ancestor of Barack Obama (b. 1640)
 1782  Martha Wayles Skelton Jefferson, wife of Thomas Jefferson (b. 1748)
 1783  Bertinazzi, Italian actor and writer (b. 1710)
 1808  Louis-Pierre Anquetil, French historian (b. 1723)
 1868  Pierre Adolphe Rost, American lawyer, judge and politician (b. 1797)
 1871  Josef Naus, Austrian surveyor and climber (b. 1791)
 1885  Narcis Monturiol i Estariol, Catalan intellectual, artist and engineer (b. 1819)

1901  2000 
 1902  Frederick Augustus Abel, British chemist (b. 1827)
 1907  Sully Prudhomme, French writer (b. 1839)
 1938  John Stuart Hindmarsh, English racing driver and aviator (b. 1907)
 1939  Arthur Rackham, English illustrator (b. 1867)
 1945  John McCain, Sr., American admiral (b. 1884)
 1950  Olaf Stapledon, English philosopher and author (b. 1886)
 1951  Joan Vollmer, wife of William S. Burroughs (b. 1867)
 1952  Gertrude Lawrence, English actress (b. 1898)
 1956  Alex Raymond, American comic artist (b. 1909)
 1956  Michael Ventris, English architect (b. 1922)
 1962  Seiichi Kashio, Japanese tennis player (b. 1892)
 1962  Hanns Eisler, German composer (b. 1898)
 1966  Hendrik Verwoerd, South African prime minister (b. 1901)
 1966  Margaret Sanger, birth control activist (b. 1879)
 1969  Arthur Friedenreich, Brazilian footballer (b. 1892)
 1972  People killed in the Munich Massacre:
Ze'ev Friedman, Polish-born Israeli weightlifter (b. 1944)
David Mark Berger, American-born Israeli weightlifter (b. 1944)
Yossef Gutfreund, Israeli wrestling judge (b. 1931)
Eliezer Halfin, Israeli wrestler (b. 1948)
Amitzur Shapira, Israeli short-distance runner and coach (b. 1932)
Kehat Shorr, Israeli shooting coach (b. 1919)
Mark Slavin, Israeli wrestler (b. 1954)
Andre Spitzer, Romanian-born Israeli wrestler (b. 1954)
Yakov Springer, Polish-born Israeli wrestler and weightlifting coach (b. 1921)
Lutif Afif, Palestinian terrorist
 1974  Olga Baclanova, Russian actress (b. 1896)
 1974  Otto Kruger, American actor (b. 1885)
 1981  Christy Brown, Irish writer (b. 1932)
 1984  Ernest Tubb, country music singer (b. 1914)
 1985  Franco Ferrera, Italian conductor (b. 1911)
 1985  Johnny Desmond, American singer (b. 1919)
 1986  Blanche Sweet, American actress (b. 1895)
 1990  Tom Fogerty, American singer (b. 1941)
 1991  Pee Wee Gaskins, American serial killer (executed by electrocution; b. 1933)
 1990  Len Hutton, English cricketer (b. 1916)
 1992  Henry Ephron, American playwright, screenwriter and producer (b. 1912)
 1994  Nicky Hopkins, British musician (b. February 24, 1944)
 1998  Akira Kurosawa, Japanese movie director (b. 1910)
 1999  Lagumot Harris, Nauruan politician (b. 1938)

From 2001 
 2005  Eugenia Charles, Prime Minister of Dominica (b. 1919)
 2007  Luciano Pavarotti, Italian tenor (b. 1935)
 2007  Madeleine L'Engle, American writer (b. 1918)
 2008  Anita Page, American actress (b. 1910)
 2012  Art Modell, American businessman and NFL team owner (b. 1925)
 2012  Terry Nutkins, English television host and author (b. 1946)
 2014  Cirilo Flores, American bishop (b. 1948)
 2014  Kira Zvorykina, Belarussian chess player (b. 1919)
 2014  Odd Bondevik, Norwegian theologian (b. 1941)
 2014  Stefan Gierasch, American actor (b. 1926)
 2015  Ralph Milne, Scottish footballer (b. 1961)
 2015  Martin Milner, American actor (b. 1931)
 2015  Calvin J. Spann, American pilot (b. 1924)
 2016  Lilian Uchtenhagen, Swiss economist and politician (b. 1928)
 2017  Carlo Caffarra, Italian cardinal (b. 1938)
 2017  Nicolae Lupescu, Romanian footballer (b. 1940)
 2017  Jim McDaniels, American basketball player (b. 1948)
 2017  Kate Millett, American feminist writer and human rights activist (b. 1934)
 2017  Mike Neville, British television broadcaster (b. 1936)
 2017  Noel Picard, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1938)
 2017  Solomon Efimovich Shulman, Belarussian writer (b. 1936)
 2017  Lotfi A. Zadeh, Azerbaijani-American mathematician (b. 1921)
 2018  Richard DeVos, American businessman (b. 1926)
 2018  Liz Fraser, English actress (b. 1930)
 2018  Wilson Moreira, Brazilian singer-songwriter (b. 1936)
 2018  Burt Reynolds, American actor (b. 1936)
 2018  Claudio Scimone, Italian conductor (b. 1934)
 2018  Salawat Gallyamov, Russian linguist (b. 1959)
 2018  Gilbert Lazard, French linguist (b. 1920)
 2019  Chris Duncan, American baseball player (b. 1981)
 2019  Robert Mugabe, 1st Prime Minister and 2nd President of Zimbabwe (b. 1924)
 2019  Abdul Qadir, Pakistani cricketer (b. 1955)
 2019  Wally Westlake, American baseball player (b. 1920)
 2019  Chester Williams, South African rugby union player (b. 1970)

Observances 
 Independence Day (Swaziland)
 Unification Day (Bulgaria)
 Defence Day (Pakistan)

September 06