cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Henri Emmanuelli

Henri Emmanuelli (31 May 1945 – 21 March 2017) was a French socialist politician.

Emmanuelli was a member of the French Socialist Party. He has been deputy for Landes from 1978 to 1981, from 1986 to 1997 and from 2000 until his death in 2017. He served as President of the French National Assembly from 22 January 1992 through 1 April 1993. He later served as First Secretary of the French Socialist Party from 19 June 1994 through 14 October 1995.

Emmanuelli was a strong supporter of French president François Mitterrand during his political career despite being a Socialist.

Emmanuelli was born in Eaux-Bonnes, Pyrénées-Atlantiques. He studied at Sciences Po in Paris. He joined in 1969 the Compagnie Financière Edmond de Rothschild.

Emmanuelli died on 21 March 2017 at a medical center in Bayonne, Pyrénées-Atlantiques from complications of acute bronchitis at the age of 71.

References

Other websites

Official website 

1945 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from bronchitis
Disease-related deaths in France
French writers
People from Nouvelle-Aquitaine
Socialist Party (France) politicians
Presidents of the National Assembly (France)
USAS-12

The USAS-12 (Universal Sports Automatic Shotgun 12-gauge) is a fully automatic gas operated shotgun made by the South Korean-based company Daewoo.

The USAS-12 is a gas-operated, select-fire weapon which is designed to provide sustained firepower in close quarter combat scenarios. It accepts detachable 10-round box magazines or 20-round drum magazines. Both types of magazine are made of polymer, and drum magazines have their rear side made from translucent polymer to tell of the number of shot shells left. It has an effective range of 40 m.

Other websites
 Modern Firearms 
 Patent
  — disassembly video

Shotguns
Pancor Jackhammer

The Pancor Jackhammer is a fully automatic, rotary magazine, 12 gauge shotgun. Designed in 1984 by John Anderson, and patented in 1987. The concept of a fully automatic shotgun has not taken hold with the military, or with law enforcement, due to the difficulty of controlling such a weapon. Only three prototypes were constructed, with two of the three exploding during testing; only one survives today, in the hands of a private collector. However, the shotgun's futuristic appearance has made it popular in action movies and video games.

Shotguns
Amyloidosis

Amyloidosis is a rare and serious disease that could be fatal that is caused by accumulation of proteins in the form of abnormal, insoluble fibres, known as amyloid fibrils, within the tissues of the body. 

Amyloid deposits can be confined to only one part of the body or a single organ system in 'local amyloidosis' or they can be widely distributed in organs and tissues throughout the body in 'systemic amyloidosis'. The symptoms of amyloidosis are accordingly highly variable and confirmation of the presence of amyloid in the tissues can be challenging, so that diagnosis is often delayed.

There are many different types of amyloidosis, each caused by formation of amyloid fibrils from different soluble precursor proteins in different patients. About 30 different proteins are known to form amyloid fibrils in humans and amyloidosis is named and classified according to the identity of the respective fibril protein.  

Though this disease being rare, many famous people have died from this disease such as: Martin McGuinness, David Lange, Robert Jordan and Robert P. Casey.

References

Other websites
 National Press Club Luncheon with Michael York, August 2016. Michael York who has amyloidosis, speaks from 4:00-60:00

Diseases
Open bolt

A semi or fully automatic firearm is said to fire from an open bolt if, when ready to fire, the bolt and working parts are held to the rear. When the trigger is pulled the bolt goes forward, feeding a round from the magazine into the chamber and firing it. Like any other self-loading design without an external power supply, the action is cycled by the energy of the shot; this sends the bolt back to the rear, ejecting the empty cartridge case and preparing for the next shot (or continuing forward again, if the trigger is held down and the weapon is an automatic). Generally, an open-bolt firing cycle is used for fully automatic weapons and not for semi-automatic weapons (except some semi-automatic conversions of automatic designs). Firearms using Advanced Primer Ignition blowback inherently fire from open bolt only.

Firearms
Owen submachine gun

The Owen was an Australian 9mm submachine gun used in WW2. It was used by Australian soldiers who favoured it in jungle combat. Although used predominantly in the far east, it was considered the best submachine gun of WW2 as it was simple, rugged, had an ergonomic layout and had a compensator to increase accuracy when firing.

Submachine guns
Leader Dynamics T2MK5

The Leader T2 MK5 Series weapons were chambered for the 5.56×45mm NATO cartridge and manufactured by Leader Dynamics of Smithfield, NSW, Australia (1978-1982/1983). The Leader was the brainchild of weapons designer Charles St. George. It was originally a contender for a 5.56 mm Australian military service rifle to replace the then-issued Lithgow L1A1-F1 SLR and Colt M16A1 rifles. What was unique about this endeavor was that Australia had never designed or manufactured its own commercial gas-operated semi-automatic rifle. The rifle was abandoned when the Steyr AUG was adopted for use by the Australian military.

Of interest to those that study weapons, designs and evolution, the T2 used a triangular bolt-face that was similar to the Winchester Model 100. This was adopted because the original bolt-face was too complex and expensive to manufacture. In a case of parallel development, Barrett Firearms uses a similar design for the M82A1 and its bolt action guns. St. George worked for Barrett at around this time but was not involved in design or engineering duties.

Firearms
Edith Thompson and Frederick Bywaters

Edith Jessie Thompson (25 December 1893 – 9 January 1923) and Frederick Edward Francis Bywaters (27 June 1902 – 9 January 1923) were a British couple executed for the murder of Thompson's husband Percy. Their case became a cause célèbre.

Murder in the United Kingdom
Autoroute Info

Autoroute Info is a radio station in France serving central-eastern and Rhône-Alpes motorways, broadcasting in 107.7 MHz since 10/1991. It serves the entire APRR, AREA, ATMB, SFTRF, Adelac and some of Granoble with 2.500km of motorways. It has two studios: Dijon and Chambéry.

The station has 100 staff, with 27 permanent journalists, including 11 work on the air.

Programming 
Autoroute Info is LIVE 24/7.

Every quarter-hour, a traffic round-up is broadcast, featuring latest conditions, updated continuously, with the possibility to break its programming to alert listeners about an accident, or a severe weather event.

In the rest of the schedule, Autoroute Info broadcasts some short segments related to listeners (like sports, highways, safety, tourism,...) and a very unique music playlist (300 songs per day). The station also carries news flash at :15 and :45 every hour from the country's all news station France Info.

Radio stations in Europe
French culture
Gert-Jan Segers

Gert-Jan Maarten Segers (born 9 July 1969 in Lisse) is a Dutch writer and politician of the ChristianUnion (CU). He has been political leader since 2015.

He has been a member of the Second Chamber since 2012 and a parliamentary leader since 2015.

Segers studied political science at Leiden University. He worked as an assistant to the RPF  parliamentary group and briefly as a radio journalist at the Dutch Evangelical Broadcasting (EO). Successively he was a missionary in Egypt for seven years, whereafter he obtained a masters in Western-Islam relations and the Middle East at the Johns Hopkins University. Afterwards he headed the scientific institute of the ChristianUnion.

Segers has written several novels and non-fiction books, and is also a columnist of the Dutch Protestant newspaper Nederlands Dagblad.

He is a Reformed Christian.

References 
  Bio at Parlement.com

Other websites 
 Bio at the House of Representatives of The Netherlands

1969 births
Living people
ChristianUnion politicians
Dutch Calvinists
Dutch columnists
Dutch journalists
Dutch novelists
Johns Hopkins University alumni
Leaders of political parties in the Netherlands
Members of the House of Representatives of the Netherlands
Missionaries
Politicians from South Holland
Writers from South Holland
Fleur Agema

Marie-Fleur "Fleur" Agema (born 16 September 1976 in Purmerend) is a Dutch politician of the Party for Freedom (PVV).

She has been a member of the Second Chamber since 2006 (with an interruption in 2015).

From 2003 to 2007 she was a member of the Provincial States of North Holland for the Pim Fortuyn List (LPF) and the Agema Group.

References 
  Bio at Parlement.com

1976 births
Living people
Dutch provincial politicians
Dutch women politicians
Members of the House of Representatives of the Netherlands
Party for Freedom politicians
People from Purmerend
People with multiple sclerosis
Pim Fortuyn List politicians
Politicians from North Holland
Midas

In classical mythology, Midas is a king of Phrygia. He is supposed to have the power of changing anything he touched into gold. This is the origin of the phrase "the Midas touch".

People in Greek mythology
Gold
Marianne Thieme

Marianne Louise Thieme (born March 6, 1972 in Ede) is a Dutch animal rights activist and writer, and also a former politician of the Party for the Animals (PvdD). She is co-founder of the party, and was political leader from 2002 till 2019.

She was a member of the Second Chamber and also parliamentary leader from 2006 till 2019. Previously she was party chair from 2002 to 2010.

Esther Ouwehand has succeeded her as party and parliamentary leader.

Thieme studied law at Erasmus University Rotterdam. She is a member of the Seventh-day Adventist Church and a vegan.

References 
  Bio at Parlement.com

1976 births
Living people
Animal rights activists
Bloggers
Dutch activists
Dutch jurists
Dutch party chairs
Dutch Protestants
Dutch women politicians
Former leaders of political parties in the Netherlands
Former members of the House of Representatives of the Netherlands
Politicians from Gelderland
Seventh-day Adventists
Vegetarians
Writers from Gelderland
Holinshed's Chronicles

Holinshed's Chronicles, also known as Holinshed's Chronicles of England, Scotland, and Ireland, is a collaborative work published in several volumes and two editions, the first in 1577, and the second in 1587. It was a large, comprehensive description of British History

In 1548 Reginald Wolfe, a London printer, conceived the idea of creating a "Universal Cosmography of the whole world, and there with also certain particular histories of every known nation." He wanted the work to be printed in English and he wanted maps and illustrations in the book as well.

16th-century books
August Englas

August Englas (; January 15, 1925 – March 21, 2017) was an Estonian wrestler. He competed for the Soviet Union.

Englas was born in Otepää. 

In the 1952 Summer Olympics, after defeating Adil Atan, Shirang Vithoba Jadav and Max Leichter, and losing against Henry Wittenberg and Viking Palm, he took fourth place. He won the gold medal at the 1953 and 1954 World Championship.

Englas died on March 21, 2017 in Tallinn at the age of 92.

References

1925 births
2017 deaths
Estonian sportspeople
Wrestlers
Sven-Erik Magnusson

Knut Sven-Erik Magnusson (13 October 1942 – 22 March 2017) was a Swedish singer and musician. He was known for being the lead singer of the danceband Sven-Ingvars. The band had its last tour during the summer of 2016 with their last show on 21 August in Blekinge. He was born in Slottsbron, Sweden.

Magnusson died on 22 March 2017 of prostate cancer in Karlstad, Sweden, aged 74.

References

Other websites

1942 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from prostate cancer
Cancer deaths in Sweden
Swedish singers
Swedish musicians
Guitarists
Saxophonists
Clarinetists
Dallas Green (baseball)

George Dallas Green (August 4, 1934 – March 22, 2017) was an American pitcher, manager, and executive in Major League Baseball. 

After playing for the Philadelphia Phillies and two other teams (Washington Senators and the New York Mets), he went on to manage the Phillies, the New York Yankees, and the New York Mets. He managed the Phillies when they won their first World Series title in 1980 over the Kansas City Royals. 

Green had a losing record both as a pitcher and as a manager. Nonetheless, in 1983, he was inducted into the Delaware Sports Museum and Hall of Fame. 

Green was born in Newport, Delaware. He studied at the University of Delaware. Green died at a hospital in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on March 22, 2017 from kidney failure and pneumonia, aged 82.

References

Other websites

Career Bio  at BaseballLibrary.com

1934 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from renal failure
Deaths from pneumonia
Disease-related deaths in Pennsylvania
Baseball executives
Philadelphia Phillies players
New York Mets players
Texas Rangers players
Sportspeople from Delaware
Pete Hamilton

Peter "Pete" Hamilton (July 20, 1942 – March 21, 2017) was an American NASCAR racer. He was born in Dedham, Massachusetts. He won four times in his career (including the 1970 Daytona 500), three times driving for Petty Enterprises.

Hamilton died in Boston, Massachusetts on March 21, 2017, aged 74.

References

Other websites
"2 Minutes With.." Interview Video 

1942 births
2017 deaths
American racecar drivers
Sportspeople from Massachusetts
Lembit Ulfsak

Lembit Ulfsak (4 July 1947 – 22 March 2017) was an Estonian stage and movie actor.

Ulfsak starred in the 2014 movie Tangerines. He was nominated for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 87th Academy Awards. It was also among the five nominated movie at the 72nd Golden Globe Awards for best foreign language movie.

Ulfsak died on 22 March 2017 in Tallinn at the age of 69.

References

Other websites
 

1947 births
2017 deaths
Estonian movie actors
Estonian stage actors
Morgana King

Morgana King (June 4, 1930 – March 22, 2018) was an American jazz singer and actress. Her best known role was that of Carmela Corleone in The Godfather (1972) and The Godfather Part II (1974).

King was born in Pleasantville, New York. She was raised in New York City. King died, aged 87, of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in Palm Springs, California, on March 22, 2018.

References

Other websites

 Morgana King at Verve Records
 
 Morgana King at Billboard.com
 Morgana King at Last.fm

1930 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from non-Hodgkin lymphoma
Cancer deaths in California
American movie actors
American television actors
American jazz musicians
American blues musicians
American pop singers
Actors from New York City
Singers from New York City
Musicians from New York City
2017 Westminster attack

The 2017 Westminster attack was a terrorist attack which happened on 22 March in London, England. The attack took place on Westminster Bridge, in Parliament Square and within the grounds of the Palace of Westminster.

A Hyundai vehicle was driven into a crowd of people near the palace gates, and the attacker stabbed a police officer, who later died due to his injuries. Five people—including pedestrians on the bridge, the stabbed police officer and the attacker—were confirmed dead.

It was the first and largest major attack to occur in London since the 7 July 2005 London bombings. The motivation was suspected to be linked to Islamic terrorism.

Attacker
The attacker was identified by the Metropolitan Police as 52-year-old Briton Khalid Masood. Born Adrian Russell Elms, possibly later changed to Adrian Russell Ajao.

Local media report that in 2009 he underwent 
conversion to Islam while in prison, after which he changed his name to Khalid Masood. Police said he also used several other aliases, including Khalid Choudry. Masood was born in Kent and detectives believe he was most recently living in the West Midlands. Masood was reported to have been an English teacher or tutor in Saudi Arabia sometime between 2005 and 2009. Then he returned to the United Kingdom and  worked as a teacher of English as a second language in Luton.

Masood had been previously investigated by MI5, but Scotland Yard said that he was not the subject of any current investigations. There was no prior intelligence about his intent to mount a terrorist attack. He had a range of previous convictions for assaults, including grievous bodily harm, possession of offensive weapons and public order offences going back to 1983. He had not been convicted of any terrorism offences. Pictures of Masood being treated by medics were shown by some news outlets.

References

Other websites
Live reports at BBC News
Live reports at ITN News
Live reports at Sky News
Live reports at The Telegraph

2017 crimes in the United Kingdom
2017 in London
2017 murders in Europe
2010s crimes in London
2017 murders in the United Kingdom
Islamic terrorist incidents in 2017
Islamic terrorist incidents in the United Kingdom
March 2017 events
Mass murder in 2017
Mass murder in London
Terrorist incidents in Europe in 2017
Terrorist incidents in London
Terrorist incidents in the United Kingdom in the 2010s
Terrorist incidents involving vehicular attacks
Lemon & Paeroa

Lemon & Paeroa (L&P) is the name of a soft drink from New Zealand. It was first made in 1907 and today is owned and made by the Coca-Cola Company. The ingredients in it are lemon juice and mineral water.

Soft drinks
Coca-Cola
Fresquel

The Fresquel is a river in southern France, a left tributary of the Aude river. The river flows mainly through the French department of Aude.

Geography
The Fresquel river has a length of  and a drainage basin with an area of approximately .

Its average yearly discharge (volume of water which passes through a section of the river per unit of time) is  at Carcassonne in the Aude department.

Average monthly discharge (m3/s) at Carcassonne

Course
The Fresquel river starts at the northwest of the Aude department, in the commune of Baraigne, at an elevation of about .

It flows, first, to the west to the Haute-Garonne department and then to the north where it gets again into the Aude department near Seuil de Naurouze and then to the east. Finally, it joins the Aude river as a left tributary, at an elevation of about  at Carcassonne.

Communes
The Fresquel passes through 1 region (Occitanie), 2 departments and 24 communes; some of the communes are:

 Aude : Baraigne, Labastide-d'Anjou, Ricaud, Souilhanels, Castelnaudary, Saint-Martin-Lalande, Lasbordes, Villepinte, Bram, Alzonne, Pezens, Ventenac-Cabardès, Pennautier, Carcassonne
 Haute-Garonne : Avignonet-Lauragais

Main tributaries 
The main tributaries of the Fresquel river are:

Left tributaries:
 Lampy - 29.3 km
 Rougeanne - 33.6 km

Right tributaries:
 Tréboul - 22.6 km

Related pages
 List of rivers of France

References

Other websites

Banque Hydro - Station Y1364010 - The Fresquel in Carcassonne (Pont Rouge) - (option Synthèse)  

Rivers of France
Occitanie
Al D'Amato

Alfonse Marcello "Al" D'Amato (born August 1, 1937) is an American lawyer and former New York politician. He was a Republican. He served as United States Senator from New York from 1981 to 1999. He later founded a lobbying firm, Park Strategies.

Since he left office in 1999, New York has not elected another Republican to the U.S. Senate.

References

1937 births
Living people
Lawyers from New York City
American lobbyists
Businesspeople from New York City
United States senators from New York
US Republican Party politicians
Henk Krol

Henricus Cornelis Maria "Henk" Krol (born 1 April 1950 in Tilburg) is a former Dutch journalist, businessman, and politician of 50PLUS (50+), the Party for the Future (PvdT), and the Henk Krol List (HKL). He was political leader of 50+ from 2012 to 2020 (succeeded by Liane den Haan). He is gay and a LGBT rights activist.

He was a member and parliamentary leader of the Second Chamber from 2012 to 2013, and from 2014 to 2021. Previously he was a member of the Provincial States of North Brabant and councillor of the municipality of Eindhoven.

Krol studied psychology at the Free University Amsterdam. He was spokesman of the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD) parliamentary group from 1978 to 1985. Meanwhile, in 1979, he founded the LGBT newspaper Gay Krant, for which he also worked as a journalist.

He was also owner of the Best Publishing Group (publishing company of the Gay Krant) and online sex shop Gaytel, which went bankrupt in 2013.

References 
  Bio at Parlement.com

1950 births
Living people
Dutch activists
Dutch businesspeople
Dutch councillors
Dutch journalists
Dutch LGBT people
Dutch provincial politicians
Former leaders of political parties in the Netherlands
Former members of the House of Representatives of the Netherlands
Gay men
Independent politicians in the Netherlands
LGBT businesspeople
LGBT journalists
LGBT politicians
LGBT rights activists
LGBT sex industry people
People from Tilburg
Politicians from North Brabant
Sex industry businesspeople
Writers from North Brabant
Alia Bhatt

Alia Bhatt (born on 15 March 1993) is an Indian movie actress who appears in Bollywood films. She started her career through a Karan Johar's romantic-comedy-drama Student of the Year alongside Sidharth Malhotra and Varun Dhawan  in 2012 for which she gained a Filmfare award for Best Debut Female nomination. She was listed in "Forbes 30 Under 30" List in 2017 and is regarded as one of the highest paid actresses of Indian Cinema.

Honours and awards 
She is recipient of several awards and nominations including two Filmfare awards. She proved her acting mattle through her second movie which was a road drama directed by Imtiaz Ali called Highway in 2014. Through the movie, she earned her first ever Filmfare award as the Best actress-critics. She became the youngest winner ever in this category. 

The year proved to be a great success as she followed it with two commercially successful romantic dramas 2 States and Humpty Sharma Ki Dhulania  both of which proved to be great success at box office. She received several nominations in the best actress category for Highway and 2 States.

In 2015, she acted alongside Shahid Kapoor in Vikas Behal's Shaandaar. It proved to be a commercial as well as critical failure. 

2016 year proved to be the year of Alia as she got three releases all of which were commercial as well as critical successes. She earned two filters nominations for best actress that year. She received awards in portraying a supporting character in film Kapoor and Sons, a drug addict from Bihar in Udta Punjab and a free spirited girl next door in Dear Zindagi. She received the Filmfare for Best Actress for Udta Punjab.

In 2017 she appeared opposite Varun Dhawan in Badrinath ki Dhulania  which also was a critical and commercial success for Bhatt establishing her to be one of the leading actresses of Hindi Cinema. In 2018, was seen in Meghana Gulzaar's thriller Raazi. 

She has also committed to star opposite Ranbir Kapoor in Ayaan Mukherji's Brahmastra and Zoya Akhtar's Gully Boy, acting alongside Ranveer Singh.

In addition to acting in films, Bhatt is celebrity endorser of several brands and products. She is seen performing in various stage shows and award shows and has also sung many of her songs in films as a playback singer.

References

Other websites 

 

1993 births
Living people
Indian movie actors
Indian models
Indian singers
Bollywood playback singers
Actors from Mumbai
Kees van der Staaij

Cornelis Gerrit "Kees" van der Staaij (born 12 September 1968 in Vlaardingen) is a Dutch politician of the Reformed Political Party (SGP). He has been political leader since 2010.

Education and career 
He has been a member of the Second Chamber since 1998 and parliamentary leader since 2010.

Van der Staaij studied law at Leiden University and worked at the Council of State.

He has written some books on the Christian faith and politics. He is a Reformed Christian, and a strong supporter of Biblical values.

References 
  Bio at Parlement.com

Other websites 
 Bio at the House of Representatives of The Netherlands

1968 births
Living people
Dutch Calvinists
Dutch civil servants
Dutch jurists
Leaders of political parties in the Netherlands
Members of the House of Representatives of the Netherlands
People from Vlaardingen
Politicians from South Holland
Reformed Political Party politicians
Writers from South Holland
Sara Li

Sara Li (born Sara Linnea Larsson; 30 March 1988 in Ystad) is a Swedish singer. Sara Li was a member of the popgroup  Sheelah (originally known as Caracola) from 2009 to 2010, and she participated in Melodifestivalen in the year of 2012 along with Björn Ranelid with the song "Mirakel". They reached the final of Melodifestivalen from the semifinal which took place on 12 February 2012 in leksand, the semifinal was broadcast on Sveriges Television. In the final in Globen Arena their song placed 10th receiving the sixth highest televote result. The same year she participated in television singing show Så ska det låta, teaming up with singer Patrik Isaksson.

In October 2016 Sara Li gave birth to a baby girl called Meia.

References

Other sources 
 Official website

1988 births
Living people
Swedish singers
Ronnie Moran

Ronnie Moran (28 February 1934 – 22 March 2017) was an English footballer and manager. He played for Liverpool as a left back between 1952 and 1968. He was a member of Liverpool's coaching staff and Anfield's "Boot Room". He later managed the club as a caretaker during the early 1990s. He retired in 1998, winning over forty trophies with the Reds. 

Moran was born in Liverpool. He had a son, Paul. A book, Mr Liverpool, about Moran's life was released in 2017.

Moran was diagnosed with vascular dementia in 2012. He died on 22 March 2017 in Southport, at the age of 83.

References

Other websites
 Ronnie Moran at LiverpoolFC.com

1934 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from vascular dementia
Disease-related deaths in England
English footballers
English football managers
Association football defenders
Association football full-backs
Liverpool F.C. players
Sportspeople from Liverpool
Tunahan Kuzu

Tunahan Kuzu (born 1 June 1981 in Istanbul) is a Dutch politician of the DENK party. He was political leader from 2015 to 2020 (succeeded by Farid Azarkan).

He has been a member of the Second Chamber since 2012 and was also parliamentary group leader from 2014 to 2020. Previously he was a councillor of the municipality of Rotterdam.

Kuzu was a member of the Labour Party but left the party in 2014, together with fellow parliamentarian Selçuk Öztürk. Both founded the political party of DENK in 2015. By creating this party they wanted to support the interests of non-Western citizens.

He studied public administration at Erasmus University Rotterdam and worked as a health care specialist at the consulting firm of PricewaterhouseCoopers.

He is a Muslim and of Turkish descent.

References 
  Bio at Parlement.com

1981 births
Living people
Dutch councillors
Dutch Muslims
Former leaders of political parties in the Netherlands
Independent politicians in the Netherlands
Labour Party (Netherlands) politicians
Members of the House of Representatives of the Netherlands
Naturalised citizens of the Netherlands
People from Istanbul
Thierry Baudet

Thierry Henri Philippe Baudet (born January 28, 1983 in Heemstede) is a Dutch political activist and a politician of the Forum for Democracy (FVD). He has been a member of the House of Representatives since 2017.

He has been a member of the Second Chamber and parliamentary leader since 2017. Previously he was party chair.

Baudet studied law and history at the University of Amsterdam. He got his PhD at Leiden University and worked at the same university. He also had a column in Dutch newspaper NRC Handelsblad.

He is very negative about the European Union and has written several books on this topic.

Baudet with his Forum for Democracy was one of the people behind the referendum against a treaty of the European Union with Ukraine in 2016. Although the majority of the voters were against this treaty, the referendum had no results in the end.

He is partly of Walloon descent.

References 
  Bio at Parlement.com

Other websites 
 Bio at the House of Representatives of The Netherlands

1983 births
Living people
Dutch academics
Dutch activists
Dutch columnists
Dutch historians
Dutch jurists
Dutch party chairs
Leaders of political parties in the Netherlands
Members of the House of Representatives of the Netherlands
Political activists
Politicians from North Holland
Writers from North Holland
Lèze

The Lèze is a river in southern France, a left tributary of the Ariège river. The river flows through the French departments of Ariège and Haute-Garonne.

Geography
The Lèze river has a length of  and a drainage basin with an area of approximately .

Its average yearly discharge (volume of water which passes through a section of the river per unit of time) is  at Labarthe-sur-Lèze in the Haute-Garonne department.

Average monthly discharge (m3/s) at Labarthe-sur-Lèze

Course
The Lèze river starts in the Pyrenees mountain range in the southwest of the Ariège department, in the commune of La Bastide-de-Sérou, at an elevation of about .

It flows, in general, to the north and, after , it joins the Ariège river as a left tributary, at an elevation of about  at Clermont-le-Fort.

Communes
The Lèze passes through 1 region (Occitanie), 2 departments and 20 communes; some of the communes are:

 Ariège : La Bastide-de-Sérou, Pailhès, Le Fossat, Saint-Ybars, Lézat-sur-Lèze
 Haute-Garonne : Saint-Sulpice-sur-Lèze, Labarthe-sur-Lèze, Beaumont-sur-Lèze, Lagardelle-sur-Lèze

Main tributaries 
The main tributary of the Lèze river is the Latou, that is  long.

Related pages
 List of rivers of France

References

Other websites
 Hauteurs d'eau et vigilance sur le bassin de la Garonne 
 Annuaire-Mairie-fr - Rivière La Lèze 

Rivers of France
Occitanie
Joop den Uyl

Johannes Marten "Joop" den Uyl  (born August 9, 1919 in Hilversum - December 24, 1987 in Amsterdam)  was a Dutch politician of the Labour Party (PvdA).

Den Uyl was Prime Minister of the Netherlands from 1973 to 1977, the so-called Den Uyl cabinet.

He was als a member of the Second Chamber, an alderman of Amsterdam, and a government minister.

He studied economics at the University of Amsterdam.

Although raised a Reformed Christian, he turned agnostic.

Den Uyl died of a brain tumor, aged 68.

References 
  Bio at Parlement.com

1919 births
1987 deaths
Agnostics
Deaths from brain cancer
Deputy Prime Ministers of the Netherlands
Aldermen of the Netherlands
Dutch councillors
Dutch former Christians
Former leaders of political parties in the Netherlands
Former members of the House of Representatives of the Netherlands
Government ministers of the Netherlands
Labour Party (Netherlands) politicians
People from Hilversum
Politicians from North Holland
Prime Ministers of the Netherlands
Edward Joseph McManus

Edward Joseph McManus (February 9, 1920 – March 20, 2017) was an American politician and judge. He served as the 36th Lieutenant Governor of Iowa from 1959 through 1961 and later served as a United States federal judge for over 50 years from 1962 until his death in 2017. He was a Democrat. 

At the time of his death, McManus was the longest serving living federal judge.

McManus was born in Keokuk, Iowa. He studied at the University of Iowa. McManus died on March 20, 2017 in Cedar Rapids, Iowa, aged 97.

References

1920 births
2017 deaths
American judges
Lieutenant Governors of Iowa
US Democratic Party politicians
Sib Hashian

John Thomas "Sib" Hashian (August 17, 1949 – March 22, 2017) was an American musician. He was best known as a drummer for the rock band Boston. He was born in Boston, Massachusetts.

Hashian had a daughter, Lauren who has been in a relationship with Dwayne Johnson since 2007.

Hashian died from a possible heart attack while on a cruise ship near Nassau, Bahamas on March 22, 2017, aged 67.

References

1949 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
American rock drummers
Musicians from Boston, Massachusetts
Tomas Milian

Tomas Milian (born Tomás Quintín Rodríguez; 3 March 1933 – 22 March 2017) was a Cuban American-Italian actor and singer. He was known for his roles in The Big Gundown (1966), The Ugly Ones (1967), Django Kill... If You Live, Shoot! (1967), Face to Face (1967), Run, Man, Run (1968), Death Sentence (1968), Tepepa (1969), Compañeros (1970), Sonny and Jed (1972), Life Is Tough, Eh Providence? (1972), Don't Torture a Duckling (1972) and Four of the Apocalypse (1975).

Milian was born in Havana, Cuba. He studied at the Actors Studio in New York City. He was a bisexual. Milian died at his home in Miami, Florida on 22 March 2017 from a stroke, aged 84.

References

Other websites

 Tomás Milián official site 
 
Tomás Milián interview  
 Tomas Milian in The Designated Victim – TCM's Movie Morlocks

1933 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from stroke
Cardiovascular disease deaths in Florida
Naturalized citizens of the United States
American movie actors
American stage actors
American television actors
American LGBT people
LGBT actors
Cuban actors
Bisexual people
Italian movie actors
Italian television actors
Italian stage actors
Italian LGBT people
People from Havana
Actors from Miami, Florida
William H. Keeler

William Henry Keeler (March 4, 1931 – March 23, 2017) was an American cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as Archbishop of Baltimore, Maryland, from 1989 to 2007 and was elevated to the cardinalate in 1994. He was born in San Antonio, Texas.

Keeler died on March 23, 2017 in Catonsville, Maryland from a long-illness, aged 86.

References

Other websites
 Archdiocese of Baltimore 
 Basilica of the National Shrine of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary
 Cathedral of Mary Our Queen
 The Coat of Arms of Cardinal William H. Keeler 

1931 births
2017 deaths
American Roman Catholics
Cardinals of the Roman Catholic Church
Disease-related deaths in Maryland
People from Baltimore
People from San Antonio, Texas
Roman Catholic archbishops
Cino Tortorella

Felice "Cino" Tortorella (27 June 1926 – 23 March 2017), was an Italian television presenter. He was best known for creating and conducting the Zecchino d'Oro festival of children's songs. He was the voice of Topo Gigio, he became a regular on The Ed Sullivan Show.

References

Other websites
 

1926 births
2017 deaths
Italian television actors
Italian television personalities
Italian television presenters
Denis Voronenkov

Denis Nikolayevich Voronenkov (; 10 April 1971 – 23 March 2017) was a Russian politician. He was a member of the State Duma (2011–2016). After stepping down as a member of the parliament in 2016, Voronenkov left Russia and settled in Ukraine with his wife Maria Maksakova Jr.. After settling in Ukraine, he became a vocal critic of Russian president Vladimir Putin and Russian foreign policy. 

Voronenkov was murdered in Kiev on 23 March 2017 after being shot in the head, aged 45.

References

1971 births
2017 deaths
Murder victims
Deaths by firearm
Russian politicians
Stalemate

Stalemate is a situation in chess where the player whose turn it is to move is not in check but has no legal move. 

When stalemate occurs, the game is a draw. Actual stalemate is rare, but the threat of stalemate has a big effect on endgame play. Many K+R+P vs K+R endings are drawn when stalemate cannot be avoided. The existence of stalemate is a main reason why draws are common in chess, but rare in the chess derivative shogi.

In the old Persian form of chess, shatranj, stalemate was a win for the side with the most pieces. The idea of stalemate as a draw in modern chess took a long time to be agreed. It was finally decided by the early 19th century British master J.H. Sarratt in the London Chess Club rules of 1807.

Figurative uses in general 
All uses of the term "stalemate" in other contexts come from its use in chess. Stalemates in bargaining, politics and general life are examples of figurative language. The term is used as a metaphor.

References 

Chess
Metaphors
Amerdingen

Amerdingen is a municipality in the district of Donau-Ries in Bavaria in Germany. There is an 18th-century castle called Schloss Amerdingen. It was built by the family of the Stauffenbergs. Count Alfred Schenk von Stauffenberg (*1923) and his wife live there now. The mayor is currently Hermann Scmidt

References 

Donau-Ries
Hans Geiger

Johannes Wilhelm "Hans" Geiger (30 September 1882 – 24 September 1945) was a German physicist. He is perhaps best known as the co-inventor of the detector component of the Geiger counter and for the Geiger–Marsden experiment which discovered the atomic nucleus. Geiger was born at Neustadt an der Haardt, Germany. He was one of five children born to the Indologist Wilhelm Ludwig Geiger, who was professor at the University of Erlangen.

In 1902, Geiger started studying physics and mathematics at the University of Erlangen and was awarded a doctorate in 1906. In 1907 he began work with Ernest Rutherford at the University of Manchester and in 1909, along with Ernest Marsden, conducted the famous Geiger–Marsden experiment called the "gold foil experiment". Rutherford and Geiger created the Rutherford-Geiger tube, later to become the Geiger tube. 

In 1911 Geiger and John Mitchell Nuttall discovered the Geiger–Nuttall law (or rule) and performed experiments that led to Rutherford's atomic model. In 1928 Geiger and his student Walther Müller created an improved version of the Geiger tube, the Geiger–Müller tube. Geiger also worked with James Chadwick. In 1912 he became leader of the Physical-Technical Reichsanstalt in Berlin, 1925 professor in Kiel, 1929 in Tübingen, and from 1936 in Berlin.

He was a member of the Uranium Club. Geiger never expressed himself in public about the Nazis. There are reports both about him helping, and rejecting, Jewish colleagues. Geiger died in Potsdam, Germany a few months after World War II ended in Europe. He had four siblings: three sisters and one brother that were all younger than him. His brother, Rudolf Geiger, was very interested in meteorology and climatology.

References

1882 births
1945 deaths
German academics
German inventors
German physicists
Nuclear physicists
People from Rhineland-Palatinate
Johann Alexander Döderlein

Johann Alexander Döderlein (February 11, 1675 - October 23, 1745) was a German historian, philologist and numismatist.
He studied at University of Altdorf near Nuremberg. He was polymath and his field of work included archaeology, classical studies, meteorology, and regional history. Döderlein was a member of the Prussian Academy of Sciences and of the German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina. He was rector of the Alte Lateinschule, the former school of Weißenburg am Sand.

Other websites 

1675 births
1745 deaths
German academics
German historians
Lise Meitner

Lise Meitner (November 7, 1878, Vienna –  October 27, 1968, Cambridge) was an Austrian-Swedish physicist. She had a very large role in discovering nuclear fission. She received her doctorate in physics from the University of Vienna in 1906. Her work with two other scientists influenced the discovery and creation of the atomic bomb.

Meitner was of Jewish descent and converted to Lutheranism.

Starting in 1907, Meitner worked with a man named Otto Hahn. She worked with Hahn throughout her entire career. Working together, they completed a lot of work in chemistry. Hahn won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, even though his work had been with her. The reason that she did not win the prize was that she was a woman. She did attend the ceremony though.

In 1914, Meitner volunteered as an X-ray technician in the Austrian army during World War I. Meitner was also the first female professor in Germany. She became a German professor in 1917. Throughout the 1920s, Meitner worked mostly on radiation. She won many prizes and awards. Around 1935, Meitner and Hahn worked together to learn more about uranium. The element Meitnerium is named after her. Later in Meitner’s life, she had many discoveries that led to the creation of the atomic bomb. She worked to make possible the atomic bomb that was dropped on Hiroshima but she did not agree the atomic bomb.

Experiences sexism
An encyclopedia editor asked Meitner to write an article about radioactivity. He had read a paper she wrote about the physical aspects of radioactivity. The letter that she got was addressed to “Herr Meitner” (Mr. Meitner). She explained that she was female and the offer was taken away. Meitner followed gender roles later in her career. British physicist Ernest Rutherford visited Berlin Laboratory. During this visit, Meitner spent the day shopping with Rutherford's wife. Meanwhile, the men talked about work. Meitner also had lots of accomplishments. After working with Hahn and investigating behavior of beta rays, she received an appointment in the radioactivity apartment and invited Meitner to join him. Soon after, Max Planck asked Meitner to be an assistant professor and lecture at the institute for theoretical physics. Meitner was the first woman in Germany to be in her position. Many news reporters were drawn to her opening lecture.

References

Related pages
Meitnerium

1878 births
1968 deaths
Austrian Jews
Austrian physicists
Foreign Members of the Royal Society
Jewish academics
Jewish scientists
Jews who converted to Christianity
Lutherans
Nuclear physicists
Refugees from Nazism
Scientists from Vienna
Swedish physicists
Vera Rubin

Vera Cooper Rubin (July 23, 1928  December 25, 2016) was an American astronomer. She discovered dark matter

Early life 
Rubin was born on July 23, 1928. Her parents were Rose Applebaum and Phillip Cooper.  At age 10, Rubin became fascinated by the stars in her home, Washington, D.C. At age 14, she built her first telescope.

Work 
Rubin attended Vassar College where she earned her B.A. in 1948. She earned her M.A. at Cornell University in 1951. She received her Ph.D. in astronomy at Georgetown University. At Cornell her thesis studied evidence of bulk rotation in the universe. 

Rubin taught at Georgetown before becoming a researcher at the Carnegie Institution of Science. She spent a year as a teacher in math and physics at Montgomery County Junior College. She contributed to newspapers. She was an associated editor of the Astronomical Journal and the editorial board of Science Magazine. Rubin was on the astronomical committee at Harvard University and at the National Academy of Sciences.

Rubin was an American astronomer who discovered dark matter. Dark matter is a material in the universe that does not reflect light. She and W. Kent Ford found that the stars closest to the center of the galaxy and the stars farthest from the center of the galaxy moved at the same rate.  Their findings said that mass astronomers could see only 10 percent of the galaxy's total mass. This makes dark matter invisible. Rubin joined the council of American Women in Science in 1984 to promote women in astronomy. 

Rubin was given honorary degrees from Creighton University, Harvard University, and Yale University. She won the National Medal of Sciences in 1993.

Later years 
Rubin was married to Robert Rubin, a physicist. She wrote a children's book on astronomy to encourage young girls to study science. Rubin had four children named David, Allan, Judith, and Carl. Her children all became scientists. 

Rubin died in Princeton on December 25, 2016.

References 

American astronomers
1928 births
2016 deaths
Hypatia

Hypatia (hy-PAY-shee-uh) of Alexandria was a mathematician, astronomer, and philosopher. She lived around 370 - 415 C.E. Hypatia was the first noted women in mathematics, philosophy, and astronomy. She lead a philosophical movement called Neoplatonism. Neoplatonism was developed from the ideas of the ancient Greek philosopher Plato. 

Hypatia was born in Alexandria, a city in Egypt. During Hypatia’s time, Egypt was a great place for learning. Her father was also a mathematician, astronomer, and philosopher, so she had it in her blood line. Her father was Theon. Hypatia and her father worked on commentaries of Ptolemy's work together. Ptolemy was a Greek astronomer who was from Alexandria. Hypatia's name was also put on work done by other mathematicians. 

The Museum of Alexandria was a more like a university and library than a museum. It played a big role in education, and Hypatia’s life. Theon may have been the director of the museum at one point. Theon was interested in mathematics. This may have led Hypatia to pursue astronomy, mathematics, and philosophy.

Her skills were so notable, that she became the leader of the Neoplatonism movement in Alexandria around 400. Her reputation led students from all around the world to come visit here. She was recognized as a better philosopher than most of the men during her time. Hypatia gave lectures at her house and in lecture halls. She lectured on astronomy, mathematics, philosophy, and religious literature. She wrote a number of books about mathematics.

Synesius of Cyrene was a student of Hypatia. His letters provided some of the most important information on her life and her teachings. She taught Synesius about the building of an astrolabe.

Hypatia was never married because she said she was “wedded to the truth”. She was an acquaintance of Orestes. He was the pagan governor of Alexandria. Radical monks murdered her. They possibly murdered her because the pagans seemed to have caused enmity among the mainly Christian town. They persecuted her, and scattered her body parts around the city. She died at 45 years old, in 415 C.E.

References

Greek scientists
Ada Yonath

Ada E. Yonath, Hebrew: עדה יונת , (born June 22, 1939) is an Israeli crystallographer. She received the 2009 Nobel Prize in Chemistry together with Thomas A. Steitz and Venkatraman Ramakrishnan for studies of the structure and function of the ribosome.

Early life 
She was born in the Geula quarter of Jerusalem. Her father was a rabbi. Yonath and her family moved to Tel Aviv after her father died.

Education 
She received her bachelor's degree in chemistry in 1962. She received her master's degree in biochemistry in 1964. She got both degrees from the Hebrew University in Jerusalem. She received her Ph.D. in X-Ray Crystallography at the Weizmann Institute of Science in 1968. Yonath made the first protein crystallography lab at the Weizmann Institute. Her work showed the function of ribosomes. Yonath worked at Carnegie-Mellon University and MIT for several years. She stayed as Weizmann Institute for the rest of her career.

Work 
Ada Yonath is an Israeli chemist who made pictures of ribosomes using X-ray Crystallography. Ribosomes are the part of cells in the human body that put together proteins. X-ray Crystallography makes pictures of molecules by bunching them into crystals. This method is only used to make models of single atoms. Yonath used this methods to crystallize ribosomes although they are made of many atoms and proteins. This made her work very difficult. She returned to the Weizmann Institute of Science in 1970. She started the first Protein Crystallography lab in Israel. She did research at the Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics in Berlin, Germany from 1979 to 1984. She began trying to make ribosomes into crystals in 1970.  [1]

Accomplishments 
She made the first model of a large ribosome in 1980. 

In 2006 she won the Wolf Prize in Chemistry.

She won the 2009 Nobel Prize in Chemistry with Venkatraman Ramakrishnan and Thomas Steitz. This Nobel prize was for her work in making images of ribosomes. She studied Molecular Genetics in Berlin, Germany, before winning the Nobel prize.

Later life 
Yonath led a research team at the Max Planck Institute in Hamburg, Germany for 18 years. She also continued research at the Weizmann Institute of Science.

Related pages 
 List of Nobel Prize winners in Chemistry

References

1939 births
Living people
Biochemists
Israeli chemists
Hebrew University of Jerusalem alumni
Israeli Jews
Israeli Nobel Prize winners
Jewish Nobel Prize winners
Jewish scientists
Jewish Wolf Prize winners
People from Jerusalem