cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Gram-negative

Gram-negative bacteria are bacteria that do not retain crystal violet dye in staining. In a Gram stain test, a counterstain, safranin, is added after the crystal violet. This colours all gram-negative bacteria with a red or pink colour.

This happens because an outer membrane stops the penetration of the stain. The test itself is useful in classifying two distinct types of bacteria based on the structural differences of their bacterial cell walls. Gram-positive bacteria retain the crystal violet dye when washed in a decolourizing solution. Compared with gram-positive bacteria, gram-negative bacteria are more resistant against antibiotics, because of their relatively impermeable cell wall.

The lipopolysaccharide layer (LPS layer) is important. In humans, LPS triggers an innate immune response, with cytokine production and immune system activation. Inflammation is a common result of cytokine production.

References

Other websites
 3D structures of proteins from inner membranes of Ellie Wyithe's gram-negative bacteria
 Gram Staining Procedure and Images
Vänersborg

Vänersborg is a town in the county of Västra Götaland in Sweden. It is the seat of Vänersborg Municipality.

Famous people
Agnes Carlsson
Birger Sjöberg

References

Other websites

Settlements in Vastra Gotaland County
Borås

Borås is a town in the county of Västra Götaland in Sweden. It is the seat of Borås Municipality.

References

Other websites

Settlements in Vastra Gotaland County
Västerås

Västerås is a town in the county of Västmanland in Sweden. It is the seat of Västerås Municipality.

References

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Settlements in Vastmanland County
Eskilstuna

Eskilstuna is a town in the county of Södermanland in Sweden. It is the seat of Eskilstuna Municipality.

References

Other websites

Settlements in Sodermanland County
Södertälje

Södertälje is a town in the county of Stockholm in Sweden. It is the seat of Södertälje Municipality. Södertälje is the home of successful sports clubs like Södertälje BBK (basketball) and Södertälje SK (ice hockey).

References

Other websites

Settlements in Stockholm County
Halmstad

Halmstad is a town in the county of Halland in Sweden. It is the seat of Halmstad Municipality.

Halmstad is the home of successful sports clubs like Halmstads BK and IS Halmia (association football) and HK Drott (team handball). Swedish pop star Basshunter and Gyllene Tider also comes from Halmstad.

References

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Settlements in Halland County
Trelleborg

Trelleborg is a town in the county of Scania in Sweden. It is the seat of Trelleborg Municipality.

References

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Settlements in Skane County
Lidköping

Lidköping is a town in the county of Västra Götaland in Sweden. It is the seat of Lidköping Municipality.

References

Other websites

Settlements in Vastra Gotaland County
Gävle

Gävle is a town in the county of Gävleborg in Sweden. It is the seat of Gävle Municipality.

References

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Settlements in Gavleborg County
Mora

Mora is a town in the county of Dalarna in Sweden. It is the seat of Mora Municipality.

Related pages
 Mora IK

References

Other websites

Settlements in Dalarna County
Örnsköldsvik

Örnsköldsvik is a town in the county of Västernorrland in Sweden. It is the seat of Örnsköldsvik Municipality.

In 1976, the Paralympic Winter Games were held in Örnsköldsvik. Swedish ice hockey club Modo Hockey also belongs here.

References

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Settlements in Vasternorrland County
Sundsvall

Sundsvall is a town in the county of Västernorrland in Sweden. It is the seat of Sundsvall Municipality. In June 1888, a fire affected the town.

References

Other websites
Skellefteå

Skellefteå is a town in the county of Västerbotten in Sweden. It is the seat of Skellefteå Municipality.

References

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Mike Polchlopek

Mike Plotcheck (born December 27, 1963 in Titusville, Florida) better known by his ring names, Bart Gunn and Mike Barton, is an American professional wrestler and mixed martial artist.

Career
Plotcheck is known for competing in the World Wrestling Federation for 6 years. During that time, he formed The Smokin' Gunns with his kayfabe brother Billy Gunn. He also feuded with Billy Gunn when the team broke up. He was also a member of the tag team The Midnight Express and competed under the name "Bodacious Bart" along with "Bombastic" Bob Holly.

Plotcheck won the WWF's shoot boxing tournament, the Brawl for All in 1998 when he defeated his tag team partner Bob Holly in the first round, Steve Williams in the second round, The Godfather in the semi-finals, and Bradshaw in the finals. Plotcheck also faced boxer Eric "Butterbean" Esch at WrestleMania XV but was knocked out in 30 seconds. He was released from the WWF a short time after.

He then competed for All Japan Pro Wrestling from 1998 to 2002 where he had a successful tenure. He left AJPW to wrestle for New Japan Pro Wrestling in 2002. He left in 2004.

Plotcheck decided to start a mixed martial arts career and debuted on June 17, 2006. He defeated Wesley "Cabbage" Correira at Rumble On The Rock: Beatdown in less than two minutes by technical knockout because of a cut that Correir suffered during the bout. In his second fight he faced Ikuhisa "The Punk" Minowa at PRIDE Bushido 13 and lost by unanimous decision.

Championships
Plotcheck held many championships during his professional wrestling career:

All Japan Pro Wrestling
AJPW Unified World Tag Team Championship (one time) – with Johnny Ace
January 2 Korakuen Hall Heavyweight Battle Royal (2001)
Stan Hansen Cup (2002) – with Jim Steele

International Wrestling Federation
IWF World Tag Team Championship (two times) – with Kip Winchester

New Japan Pro Wrestling
IWGP Tag Team Championship Number One Contenders Tournament (2003) – with Jim Steele

Pennsylvania Championship Wrestling
PCW Americas Championship (two times)

Pro Wrestling Illustrated
He was ranked #129 of the 500 best singles wrestlers of the PWI 500 by PWI in 1997.
He was ranked #377 of the 500 best singles wrestlers of the PWI Years by PWI in 2003.

World Wrestling Federation
NWA World Tag Team Championship (one time) – with Bombastic Bob
WWF Tag Team Championship (three times) – with Billy Gunn
Brawl for All (1998)

References

Other websites
Mike Barton  on OWOW

American professional wrestlers
Former WWE wrestlers
Living people
Sportspeople from Florida
1941 births
Kiruna

Kiruna is a town in the county of Norrbotten in Sweden. It is the seat of Kiruna Municipality.

Kiruna was founded in 1900 as a mining community.

References

Other websites

Settlements in Norrbotten County
Boden

Boden is a town in the county of Norrbotten in Sweden. It is the seat of Boden Municipality.

References

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Settlements in Norrbotten County
Piteå

Piteå is a town in the county of Norrbotten in Sweden. It is the seat of Piteå Municipality.

References

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Settlements in Norrbotten County
Haparanda

Haparanda () is a town in the county of Norrbotten in Sweden. It is the seat of Haparanda Municipality.

References

Other websites

Settlements in Norrbotten County
Östersund

Östersund is a town in the county of Jämtland in Sweden. It is the seat of Östersund Municipality.

References

Other websites

 
1786 establishments in Europe
18th-century establishments in Sweden
Borlänge

Borlänge is a town in the county of Dalarna in Sweden. It is the seat of Borlänge Municipality.

References

Other websites

Settlements in Dalarna County
Sandviken

Sandviken is a town in the county of Gävleborg in Sweden. It is the seat of Sandviken Municipality.

References

Other websites

Settlements in Gavleborg County
Ängelholm

Ängelholm is a town in the county of Scania in Sweden. It is the seat of Ängelholm Municipality.

References

Other websites

Settlements in Skane County
Landskrona

Landskrona is a town in the county of Scania in Sweden. It is the seat of Landskrona Municipality.

References

Other websites

Settlements in Skane County
Kristianstad

Kristianstad is a town in the county of Scania in Sweden. It is the seat of Kristianstad Municipality. Until 1997, Kristianstad was also the seat of Kristianstad County, before it was disbanded.

References

Other websites

Settlements in Skane County
Karlskrona

Karlskrona is a town in the county of Blekinge in Sweden. It is the seat of Karlskrona Municipality. The city name means Karl's Crown in honour of King Karl XI of Sweden.

The city was founded in 1680 when the Royal Swedish Navy was moved from the Stockholm area to Trossö island.

The Naval Port in the city is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

References

Other websites

Settlements in Blekinge County
World Heritage Sites in Sweden
1680 establishments in Europe
1680s establishments in Sweden
Karlshamn

Karlshamn is a town in the county of Blekinge in Sweden. It is the seat of Karlshamn Municipality.

References

Other websites

Settlements in Blekinge County
Ronneby

Ronneby is a town in the county of Blekinge in Sweden. It is the seat of Ronneby Municipality.

References

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Settlements in Blekinge County
Motala

Motala is a town in the county of Östergötland in Sweden. It is the seat of Motala Municipality.

References

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Settlements in Ostergotland County
Vadstena

Vadstena is a town in the county of Östergötland in Sweden. It is the seat of Vadstena Municipality.

Back in the Middle Ages, the town housed a Catholic monastery, which was closed in the 16th century, when Sweden turned towards Martin Luther's Protestantism. In the 20th century, the monastery was re-opened.

Famous people
Saint Bridget of Sweden

References

Other websites

Settlements in Ostergotland County
Härnösand

Härnösand is a town in the county of Västernorrland in Sweden. It is the seat of Härnösand Municipality, and Västernorrland County.

References

Other websites

Settlements in Vasternorrland County
Söderhamn

Söderhamn is a town in the county of Gävleborg in Sweden. It is the seat of Söderhamn Municipality.

References

Other websites

Settlements in Gavleborg County
Nässjö

Nässjö is a town in the county of Jönköping in Sweden. It is the seat of Nässjö Municipality.

The town is a famous railway junction.

References

Other websites

Settlements in Jonkoping County
Huskvarna

Huskvarna is a town in the county of Jönköping in Sweden. Since 1971, it is within the Jönköping Municipality.

Other websites
Gränna

Gränna is a town in the county of Jönköping in Sweden. Since 1971, it is within Jönköping Municipality.

References

Other websites

 

Settlements in Jonkoping County
Hjo

Hjo is a town in the county of Västra Götaland in Sweden. It is the seat of Hjo Municipality.

References

Other websites

Settlements in Vastra Gotaland County
Karlskoga

Karlskoga is a town in the county of Örebro in Sweden. It is the seat of Karlskoga Municipality.

References

Other websites

Settlements in Orebro County
Askersund

Askersund is a town in the county of Örebro in Sweden. It is the seat of Askersund Municipality.

References

Other websites

Settlements in Orebro County
Öland Bridge

The Öland Bridge () is a road bridge in Sweden. It was completed in 1972. It connects mainland Sweden with Swedish Baltic Sea island of Öland, replacing the old ferryboats.

Other websites

Oland Bridge
Calgary Stampeders

The Calgary Stampeders are a Canadian Football League team from Calgary. They where created in 1935. They have won the Grey Cup 7 times, the last one in 2014. The Stampeders play their games in the McMahon Stadium.

Other websites 
 Official website

Canadian football clubs
Sport in Calgary
James McCoubrey

James Foster McCoubrey (13 September 1901 – 5 July 2013) was a Canadian-born American supercentenarian who was at the time of his death aged 111 years, 295 days the oldest man ever born in Canada, and believed to be the oldest living American man for less than a year after Shelby Harris' death on 25 July 2012 as well as the world's oldest living man for over 3 weeks after 116-year-old Japanese man Jiroemon Kimura's death on 11 June (Kimura died on 12 June Japanese time), and after his death succeeded as the oldest living man by Jokichi Ikarashi, who already was Japan's oldest living man and died just 18 days later. However, the oldest living man after Kimura's death as well as the oldest living American man after Shelby Harris' death was later confirmed to be Spanish-born American man Salustiano Sanchez, who was less than 14 weeks older than him and died just 10 weeks after him (when he would have turned 112).

McCoubrey was born on 13 September 1901 in St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, which at that time was part of the British Empire, and present Canada. He died of pneumonia on 5 July 2013, just 10 weeks before his 112th birthday, in Walnut Creek, California.

References

Other websites
 
 Photograph of McCoubrey

1901 births
2013 deaths
American supercentenarians
Canadian centenarians
Deaths from pneumonia
Infectious disease deaths in the United States
People from California
People from Newfoundland and Labrador
World record holders
Visingsö

Visingsö is an island in the lake of Vättern in Sweden. Since 1971, it is a part of Jönköping Municipality, after having been an own municipality until that year. The island is connected to the mainland with ferryboats.

References

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Islands of Sweden
Karlsborg

Karlsborg is a town in the county of Västra Götaland in Sweden. It is the seat of Karlsborg Municipality.

References

Other websites

Settlements in Vastra Gotaland County
Vetlanda

Vetlanda is a town in the county of Jönköping in Sweden. It is the seat of Vetlanda Municipality.

References

Other websites

Settlements in Jonkoping County
Västervik

Västervik is a town in the county of Kalmar in Sweden. It is the seat of Västervik Municipality.

References

Other websites

Settlements in Kalmar County
Christopher Hewett

Christopher Michael Hewett (5 April 1921 – 3 August 2001) was an English actor and theatre director best known for his role as Lynn Aloysius Belvedere in the American television sitcom Mr. Belvedere.

Hewett was born on 5 April 1921 in Worthing, Sussex, England. He is of Irish descent. Hewett studied at Beaumont College. Hewett was never married and had no children. During his later years, he suffered from arthritis and diabetes. Hewett died on 3 August 2001, at his Los Angeles home from complications of diabetes. He was 80 years old.

References

Other websites

1921 births
2001 deaths
Actors from Sussex
Deaths from diabetes
Disease-related deaths in the United States
English movie actors
English stage actors
English television actors
English voice actors
Oskarshamn

Oskarshamn is a town in the county of Kalmar in Sweden. It is the seat of Oskarshamn Municipality.

References

Other websites

Settlements in Kalmar County
Åmål

Åmål is a town in the county of Västra Götaland in Sweden. It is the seat of Åmål Municipality.

References

Other websites

Settlements in Vastra Gotaland County
Filipstad

Filipstad is a town in the county of Värmland in Sweden. It is the seat of Filipstad Municipality.

References

Other websites

Settlements in Varmland County
Lindesberg

Lindesberg is a town in the county of Örebro in Sweden. It is the seat of Lindesberg Municipality.

References

Other websites

Settlements in Orebro County
Nora

Nora is a town in the county of Örebro in Sweden. It is the seat of Nora Municipality.

References

Other websites

Settlements in Orebro County
Skövde

Skövde is a town in the county of Västra Götaland in Sweden. It is the seat of Skövde Municipality.

References

Other websites

Settlements in Vastra Gotaland County
Uddevalla

Uddevalla is a town in the county of Västra Götaland in Sweden. It is the seat of Uddevalla Municipality.

References

Other websites

Settlements in Vastra Gotaland County
Ulricehamn

Ulricehamn is a town in the county of Västra Götaland in Sweden. It is the seat of Ulricehamn Municipality.

References

Other websites

Settlements in Vastra Gotaland County
Tidaholm

Tidaholm is a town in the county of Västra Götaland in Sweden. It is the seat of Tidaholm Municipality.

References

Other websites

Settlements in Vastra Gotaland County
Mariestad

Mariestad is a town in the county of Västra Götaland in Sweden. It is the seat of Mariestad Municipality. From 1660, Mariestad was the seat of Skaraborg County, which was disbanded in 1997.

References

Other websites

Settlements in Vastra Gotaland County
Trollhättan

Trollhättan is a town in the county of Västra Götaland in Sweden. It is the seat of Trollhättan Municipality.

References

Other websites

Settlements in Vastra Gotaland County
Falköping

Falköping is a town in the county of Västra Götaland in Sweden. It is the seat of Falköping Municipality.

References

Other websites

Settlements in Vastra Gotaland County
Falkenberg

Falkenberg is a town in the county of Halland in Sweden. It is the seat of Falkenberg Municipality.

References

Other websites

Settlements in Halland County
Nynäshamn

Nynäshamn is a town in the county of Stockholm in Sweden. It is the seat of Nynäshamn Municipality.

Sources

Other websites

Settlements in Stockholm County
Nyköping

Nyköping is a town in the county of Södermanland in Sweden. It is the seat of Nyköping Municipality.

References

Other websites

Settlements in Sodermanland County
Tranås

Tranås is a town in the county of Jönköping in Sweden. It is the seat of Tranås Municipality.

References

Other websites

Settlements in Jonkoping County
Norrtälje

Norrtälje is a town in the county of Stockholm in Sweden. It is the seat of Norrtälje Municipality.

References

Other websites

Settlements in Stockholm County
Kristinehamn

Kristinehamn is a town in the county of Värmland in Sweden. It is the seat of Kristinehamn Municipality.

References

Other websites

Settlements in Varmland County
Katrineholm

Karineholm is a town in the county of Södermanland in Sweden. It is the seat of Katrineholm Municipality.

References

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Settlements in Sodermanland County
Oxelösund

Oxelösund is a town in the county of Södermanland in Sweden. It is the seat of Oxelösund Municipality.

References

Other websites

Settlements in Sodermanland County
Falun

Falun is a town in the county of Dalarna in Sweden. It is the seat of Falun Municipality. Several times, the town has applied to host the Olympic Winter Games.

References

Other websites

Settlements in Dalarna County
Göta Canal

The Göta Canal () is a canal in southern Sweden. Opened in 1832, its economic importance started to decline early because of the arrival of railroads in Sweden by the mid 19th century, and nowadays, it's mostly used for summertime tourist boat tours, as well as private boating.

Other websites

Transport in Sweden
Canals
Church of Sweden

The Church of Sweden (), is a Lutheran-Protestant Christian denomination in Sweden. The denomination was established in the 16th century, when Sweden converted from Catholicism to Protestantism, and became the Swedish state church. As the 19th and 20th centuries progressed, it moved towards a more liberal theology and ecumenism.

In late August 1995, the Swedish government and the Church of Sweden decided to go separate ways from 1 January 2000. The denomination mostly practices infant baptism.

Female priests were allowed in 1958, and in 1997, Christina Odenberg was appointed the denomination's first female bishop (diocese of Lund). In June 2014, Antje Jackelén became the denomination's first female archbishop (diocese of Uppsala).

References

Other websites
Mervyn Peake

Mervyn Peake (9 July 1911 – 17 November 1968) was a British writer and artist, best known for his fantasy series, Gormenghast.

References

Other websites
Mervyn Peake site

British writers
Deaths from dementia with Lewy bodies
1911 births
1968 deaths
British artists
Eden Riegel

Eden Riegel (born January 1, 1981) is an American actress. She acts mostly in television programs. She played Bianca Montgomery in the ABC soap opera All My Children. She played Heather in The Young and the Restless.

Riegel was born in Washington, D.C.

References

American television actors
Actors from Washington, D.C.
1981 births
Living people
Bitsie Tulloch

Elizabeth Tulloch (born January 19, 1981) is an American actress. She acts in movies and television programs. She starred as Jackie in the independent movie Caroline and Jackie. Tulloch also played as Nadine in Lakeview Terrace, a crime movie from 2009. She plays Juliet in Grimm.

Tulloch was born in San Diego. She grew up in Spain and South America.

References

American television actors
American movie actors
1981 births
Living people
Actors from San Diego, California
Nora Zehetner

Nora Angela Zehetner (born February 5, 1981) is an American actress. She has acted in several notable movies. She acted in the movie American Pie 2 as a Party Girl. She also played Laura in the 2005 movie Brick.

Zehetner was born in El Paso, Texas.

American television actors
American movie actors
Actors from El Paso, Texas
1981 births
Living people
Shannon Elizabeth

Shannon Elizabeth Fadal (or just simply Shannon Elizabeth; September 7, 1973) is an American actress. She has been in movies such as American Pie,  Love Actually, and Mr Bean's Holiday. She has also starred in sitcoms such as That '70s Show.

Elizabeth was born in Houston, Texas. She grew up around Waco.

American television actors
American movie actors
1973 births
Living people
Actors from Houston, Texas
Valerie Perrine

Valerie Perrine (September 3, 1943) is an American model and actress. She has been nominated for Academy Awards and Golden Globe Awards. She played Marcy, the wife of a corrupt policeman, in the 1982 movie The Border. She played Miss Eve Teschmacher in certain Superman movies, and Mona in Boiling Point, a 1993 thriller movie.

Perrine was born in Galveston, Texas.

American television actors
American movie actors
Actors from Texas
1943 births
Living people
People from Galveston, Texas
Marsha Mason

Marsha Mason (3 April 1942) is an American actress and a television director. She has gotten four Academy Award nominations. She played Janice Templeton in the 1977 movie Audrey Rose. She played Polly Cronin in 1991 in Drop Dead Fred.

Mason was born in St. Louis, Missouri.

American television actors
American movie actors
Actors from St. Louis, Missouri
1942 births
Living people
Freeform

Freeform (formerly ABC Family) is an American basic cable and satellite television channel. It is owned by ABC Family Worldwide Inc. This is part of the Disney-ABC Television Group division of The Walt Disney Company. The channel usually shows modern family programs which are aimed for everyone. However, their shows and movies are aimed at teenage girls and young women (age 15-30). Freeform also offers other shows from other channels.

Freeform was founded in 1977. It was first an extension of Pat Robertson's Christian television ministry. It later became The Family Channel in 1990. In 1998, it was sold to Fox Kids. They renamed the channel Fox Family. On October 24, 2001, Fox Family Channel and Fox Family Worldwide were sold to The Walt Disney Company.

Programming

Network slogans
 "Stay with Us" (1977-1985; as CBN Satellite Service and CBN Cable)
 "Just Watch Us" (1985-1988; as CBN Cable)
 "Together, We're Family" (1988-1991; as The CBN Family Channel)
 "The Greatest in the Family" (1991-1995; as The Family Channel)
 "There's Nothing Stronger" (1995-1996)
 "Just Watch Us Now!" (1996-1998)
 "You Belong" (1998-present; as Fox Family)
 "It's Electric" (2000-2001)
 "It's All About You" (2001-2003; as ABC Family)
 "Everything You Want to Know from A to Z" (2003-2006)
 "A New Kind of Family" (2006-2016)
 "The New Name For ABC Family" (2016-present)
 Become with us (2016-present)

References

Other websites 
 
 TheFutonCritic: ABCFamily
 Official YouTube Channel

Cable television
1977 establishments in the United States
American television channels
Macedonian Wikipedia

The Macedonian Wikipedia () is the Macedonian-language edition of Wikipedia. This edition started in September 2003. As of July 2013, it has over 72,000 articles.

References

Other websites
Macedonian Wikipedia main page

Wikipedias
Websites established in 2003
Jean-Luc Bilodeau

Jean-Luc Bilodeau (born November 4, 1990) is a Canadian actor. He has been acting since 2004.

Career 
He is best known for his role as Josh Trager in the ABC Family channel program Kyle XY. Bilodeau also appeared in many movies and television shows. These include, Ill Fated, Trick 'r Treat, 16 Wishes, No Ordinary Family and Best Player. He appeared in Emmalyn Estrada's music video "Don't Make Me Let You Go". He played Jeremy in the movie LOL. 

He currently stars in the ABC Family sitcom, Baby Daddy.

Filmography

Movie

Television

Other websites
 
 Jean-Luc Bilodeau Interview  at Daemons TV

1990 births
Canadian child actors
Canadian movie actors
Canadian television actors
Canadian voice actors
Living people
Galician Wikipedia

The Galician Wikipedia (; also called Galipedia) is the Galician-language edition of Wikipedia. This edition started in March 2003.

As of October 2015, it is the 45th largest edition of Wikipedia by number of articles.

As of July 2013, it has over 103,000 articles.

References

Other websites
Galician Wikipedia main page

Wikipedias
Websites established in 2003
Marcia Wallace

Marcia Karen Wallace (November 1, 1942 – October 25, 2013) was an American actress and comedian. She usually performed in television sitcoms. She played receptionist Carol Kester in the 1970s sitcom The Bob Newhart Show. She also performed the voice of Edna Krabappel in The Simpsons, The Powerpuff Girls. 

Wallace was born in Creston, Iowa on November 1 1942. She studied at Parsons College. Wallace was married to Dennis Hawley from 1986 until his death in 1992. They adopted one son, Michael Hawley. She battled breast cancer until her death. Wallace died on 25 October 2013 in Los Angeles, California from pneumonia, aged 70.

References

Other websites

 
 
 
 

1942 births
2013 deaths
Actors from Iowa
Comedians from Iowa
American television actors
Deaths from pneumonia
Infectious disease deaths in the United States
Alfred Duraiappah

Alfred Thambirajah Duraiappah (died 27 July 1975) was a Sri Lankan politician. He was a Member of Parliament and mayor of Jaffna. He was assassinated by the Tamil Tigers.

First political murder

Alfred Duraiappah was a member of the Sri Lanka Freedom Party. He became a Member of Parliament and mayor of Jaffna. He was murdered by the Tamil Tiger leader Velupillai Prabhakaran in July 1975. Duraiappah was killed on his way to a Hindu temple for prayers, although he himself was a Christian.

His tenure and Jaffna prosperity 

His term as the mayor of a neglected city. Roads and stadiums were built, and jobs were created. His period of office also saw benefits for Jaffna farmers, as the prices of agriculture grew, possibly because the government policies taking control at the time was beneficial.

References 
 https://books.google.com/books?id=-nDGMgEACAAJ&dq=alfred+duraiappah&hl=en&sa=X&ei=2GvbUaeqOrHe4APn9oDIDA&ved=0CC0Q6AEwAA
 http://www.sangam.org/2010/07/Duraiappah_1.php

Year of birth unknown
1975 deaths
Assassinated people
Christians
Mayors
Sri Lankan Civil War
Sri Lankan politicians
Basque Wikipedia

The Basque Wikipedia (Euskarazko Wikipedia or Euskal Wikipedia in Basque) is the Basque-language edition of Wikipedia. This edition was started in December 2001.

It is the 34th largest edition.

As of July 2013, it has over 152,000 articles.

References

Other websites
Basque Wikipedia main page

Wikipedias
Websites established in 2001
Wikipedia
16 Wishes

16 Wishes is a 2010 Canadian-American television movie. It stars Debby Ryan and Jean-Luc Bilodeau. It was first shown on Disney Channel on June 25, 2010. It later appeared on July 16, 2010 on the Family Channel. 16 Wishes introduced Ryan to a new audience. The movie was very popular among adults. The movie was the second most watched program on cable that week.

The movie was the second none "Original Movie" to be released on the Disney Channel in 2010. This was after, Harriet the Spy: Blog Wars. However, it was co-produced between Disney Channel, Family and Canadian production company Marvista Entertainment. In other countries, 16 Wishes is mentioned as a Disney Channel Original Movie. It was planned to have its UK premiere on November 19, 2010 on Disney Channel UK. However, it was replaced with Starstruck. This movie had been shown before in May. 16 Wishes premiered in the UK in December 2010.

Cast
Debby Ryan as Abby Jensen
Jean-Luc Bilodeau as Jay Kepler
Anna Mae Routledge as Celeste
Karissa Tynes as Krista Cook
Keenan Tracey as Logan Buchanan
Joel Semande as Joey Lockhart
Cainan Wiebe as Mike Jensen
Patrick Gilmore as Bob Jensen
Kendall Cross as Sue Jensen
Jesse Reid as  Theodore Hope
Brenda Crichlow as Miss Duffy
Patricia Isaac as Snooty Sales Woman
Gary Jones as Principal Smith

Soundtrack

16 Wishes is a soundtrack album by the film of the same name, released on June 15, 2010 by Marvista Entertainment.

Track listing

References

Other websites
Official website 

2010 movies
American fantasy movies
American comedy movies
American teen comedy movies
American television movies
Uzbek Wikipedia

The Uzbek Wikipedia () is the Uzbek-language edition of Wikipedia. This edition was started in December 2003.

As of October 2015, it is the 44th largest edition of Wikipedia by number of articles.

As of July 2013, it has over 127,000 articles.

References

Other websites
Uzbek Wikipedia main page

Wikipedias
Websites established in 2003
Irish Wikipedia

The Irish Wikipedia (Irish: Vicipéid na Gaeilge) is the Irish-language edition of Wikipedia. This edition was started in October 2003. As of July 2013, it has over 20,000 articles.

References

Other websites
Irish Wikipedia main page

Wikipedias
Websites established in 2003
Tamil Wikipedia

The Tamil Wikipedia () is the Tamil-language version of Wikipedia. It was started in September 2003. As of March 2017, it has over 91,000 articles.

References

Other websites
Tamil Wikipedia main page

Wikipedias
Websites established in 2003
Tamil language
Azerbaijani Wikipedia

The Azerbaijani Wikipedia () is the Azerbaijani-language edition of Wikipedia. This edition was started in January 2002. As of July 2013, it has over 95,000 articles.

References

Other websites
Azerbaijani Wikipedia main page

Wikipedias
Websites established in 2002
Shaun T

Shaun T (born May 2, 1978), is an American motivational speaker, fitness trainer, fitness motivator, businessman, television personality and choreographer. He is best known for his home fitness programs for adults and children which include T25, Insanity and Hip-Hop Abs.

Life and career 
Shaun T was raised in Deptford, New Jersey. He grew up playing football, baseball and running track. He attended Rowan University where he received his bachelor's degree in Sports Science and minored in Theater/Dance. While there, he was initiated into Alpha Phi Alpha fraternity. After gaining 50 pounds in his freshman year of college, Shaun T became interested in fitness and changed his course of study. He now lives in Phoenix, Arizona.

His career began as a health and fitness specialist. He also became a personal trainer and health program manager at Wyeth and also worked at a number of fitness chains, including Equinox Fitness. Shaun T began dancing in college, at 21 years old. He was required to teach an aerobics class which was part of his Sports Science degree and then became an aerobics instructor. After graduating from Rowan University, he moved to Los Angeles where he worked as a choreographer, dancer and trainer. His first professional work as a dancer was for Mariah Carey. Shaun T was teaching a fitness class at Equinox Fitness where he was approached by representatives of Beachbody and asked him to submit a demo for a workout video.

Shaun T has been openly gay since October 2012 and is married to Scott Blokker.

Home fitness programs

Insanity 
Carl Daikeler and Jon Congdon launched the Beachbody fitness company in 1998. They were looking for new fitness workout home videos. They approached Shaun T who submitted a demo which would later be called "Insanity", released in 2009. It was termed "the hardest workout put on DVD". It was sold through TV ads. Because of the difficulty of the workout and its popularity, Shaun T has been a guest on The Oprah Winfrey Show, The Tyra Banks Show, Doctors and the Dr. Oz Show.

Hip-Hop Abs 
Shaun T's first work for Beachbody, Hip Hop Abs was released in 2003. In 2007, it was the top-selling workout video in the United States.

Videography 
 2021: Let's get up!
 2019: Transform :20
 2017: Shaun Week
 2015: Cize (Exercise video series, tagline "The end of exercise")
 2014: Insanity Max 30 (Exercise video series)
 2013: Focus T25 (Exercise video series)
 2012: Insanity: The Asylum Vol. 2 - Elite Training Series (Exercise video series)
 2011: Insanity: The Asylum (Exercise video series)
 2009: Insanity (Exercise video series)
 2008: Rockin' Body (Exercise video series)
 2008: Shaun T's Fit Kids Club (Exercise video for ages 7 and up)
 2008: Get Real with Shaun T (Exercise video for pre-teens)
 2007: Hip Hop Abs (Exercise video series)

Related pages
 Beachbody

References

Other websites 
 Shaun T Fitness: Official Site
 Shaun T's official Facebook page

1977 births
Living people
American television personalities
Gay men
LGBT African Americans
LGBT broadcasters
People from New Jersey
Marguerite Clark

Helen Marguerite Clark (February 22, 1883 – September 25, 1940) was an American actress. She acted in silent movies and on stage. She played Gretchen in the 1915 movie The Goose Girl. She also played Mici in The Seven Sisters, another movie from 1915.

Clark was born in Cincinnati, Ohio. She died from pneumonia in New York City at fifty-seven.

1883 births
1940 deaths
American movie actors
American stage actors
Actors from Cincinnati, Ohio
Deaths from pneumonia
Armenian Wikipedia

The Armenian Wikipedia ( Vīkīpedyā or Վիքիպեդիա Ազատ հանրագիտարան Wīkīpedyā Azat Hanragitaran) is the Armenian-language edition of Wikipedia. This edition was started in February 2003.

As of October 2015, it is the 38th largest edition of Wikipedia by number of articles.

As of July 2013, it has over 47,000 articles.

References

Other websites
Armenian Wikipedia main page

Wikipedias
Websites established in 2003
Javanese Wikipedia

The Javanese Wikipedia (Javanese Wikipedia basa Jawa) is the Javanese-language edition of Wikipedia. This edition started in March 2004. As of July 2013, it has over 44,000 articles.

References

Other websites
Javanese Wikipedia main page

Wikipedias
Websites established in 2004
No Scrubs

"No Scrubs" is a Grammy Award-winning song. It was recorded by American contemporary R&B girl group TLC. It was for their album, FanMail. It was released in January 1999 as the lead single. "No Scrubs" became TLC's third number-one single and eighth top-ten single on the US Billboard Hot 100. It also earned them their second Grammy nomination for Record of the Year. It was certified gold in the US for sales of over 500,000 copies. It was the second-best performing song of 1999 in the US, behind Cher's "Believe".

English singer-songwriter Ed Sheeran credited the writers of "No Scrubs" when he used a sample of the song in his 2017 single, "Shape of You".

Track listing

US CD Single
 "No Scrubs" (Album Version) - 3:39
 "No Scrubs" (Instrumental) - 3:37

EU CD Single
 "No Scrubs" (Album Version) - 3:37
 "No Scrubs" (Main Mix with Left Eye's Rap) (clean) - 4:00
 "No Scrubs" (Instrumental) - 3:37
 "Silly Ho" (Album Version) - 4:16

UK CD 1
 "No Scrubs" (Album Version) - 3:37
 "No Scrubs" (Main Mix with Left Eye's Rap) (clean) - 4:00
 "Silly Ho" (Album Version) - 4:16

UK CD 2
 "No Scrubs" (Album Version) - 3:39
 "Waterfalls" (Radio Version) - 4:19
 "Creep" (Radio Version) - 4:26

Chart performance

Peak positions

Year-end charts

Chart successions

Covers
 Blink-182
 Kids in Glass Houses 
 Swing Out Sister 
 Marjorie Dawes 
 Incubus 
 Lisa Loeb 
 Lizette Carter
 The Saturdays
 Avi Wisnia
 Karmin
 Sporty Thievz 
 Kelly Clarkson 
 Bastille
 Xxyyxx

References

Other websites
 

1999 songs
TLC songs
Billboard Rhythmic Songs number-one singles
Dance-pop songs
Hip hop songs
R&B songs
Urdu Wikipedia

The Urdu Wikipedia (Urdu:  or ) is the Urdu-language edition of Wikipedia. This edition was started in January 2004. As of October 2018, it has over 140,000 articles.

References

Other websites
Urdu Wikipedia main page

Wikipedias
Websites established in 2004
Una O'Connor

Agnes Teresa McGlade (also known as Una O'Connor; 23 October 1880 – 4 February 1959) was an Irish actress. She acted almost exclusively in stage plays before becoming a character actress in movies. She worked across Ireland and England as a stage actress for many years. Her plays included The Starlight Express. She was also in the 1930 movie Murder!, an Alfred Hitchcock movie.

O'Connor was born in Belfast. She died from heart disease at age 78 in New York City.

Irish movie actors
Irish stage actors
1880 births
1959 deaths
People from Belfast
Unpretty

"Unpretty" is a song by American girl group TLC. It was produced by Dallas Austin. It was co-written by Austin and TLC member Tionne "T-Boz" Watkins. It was for the band's third album, FanMail (1999). The song was based on a poem of the same name written by Watkins. It was about a woman's struggle with her self-image. It talked about the concept of beauty portrayed in the media. Austin helped Watkins to help the song become an empowerment for women who do not think they are beautiful enough.

"Unpretty" was the second single released from FanMail. It became the group's fourth US number one single on the Billboard Hot 100. It spent three weeks at number one. It was considered a success by music critics. It was nominated for Song of the Year and Best Pop Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal at the 42nd annual Grammy Awards. A remixed version of the song was released.

Track lisitings

 US CD Single (Green Cover)
 Unpretty (Album Version) - 4:38
 Unpretty ("Don't Look Any Further" Remix) - 4:25
 UK CD 1 of 2 (Green Cover)
 Unpretty (Radio Version) - 4:08
 No Scrubs (Radio Version) - 4:06
 Diggin' On You (Radio Version) - 4:14
 UK CD 2 of 2 (Blue Cover)
 Unpretty (Radio Version) - 4:08
 Unpretty (M. J. Cole Remix) [Vox Up] - 4:48
 Unpretty ("Don't Look Any Further" Remix) - 4:25

 International Remix EP (Blue Cover)
 Unpretty (Radio Version) - 4:01
 Unpretty ("Don't Look Any Further" Remix) - 4:26
 Unpretty ("Don't Look Any Further" Remix w/ Rap) - 4:27
 Unpretty (Pumpin' Dolls Radio Mix) - 4:03
 Unpretty ("Don't Look Any Further" Remix) [Big Boyz Dub Mix] - 5:00
 Unpretty (Pumpin' Dolls Club Mix) - 8:59
 German CD Single (Green Cover)
 Unpretty (Radio Version) - 4:09
 Unpretty (Album Version) - 4:38
 Unpretty (M. J. Cole Remix) [Vox Up] - 4:48
 Unpretty (M. J. Cole Remix) [Budd Dub] - 5:35
 Unpretty (Instrumental) - 4:41

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

Decade-end charts

References

Other websites
 

1999 songs
TLC songs
Anneliese van der Pol

Anneliese van der Pol (born September 23, 1984) is a Dutch-American actress and singer. She is best known as Chelsea Daniels in the Disney Channel show, That's So Raven. She recorded several songs for The Walt Disney Company. She made her Broadway start in 2007. In 2010, she was cast in Vampires Suck.

Filmography

Theatre

Discography

Cast recordings

Selected soundtracks and miscellaneous

References

Other websites 

 
 
 

1984 births
American child actors
Living people
Singers from California
Actors from California
Laurette Taylor

Laurette Taylor (born Loretta Helen Cooney; April 1, 1883 – December 7, 1946) was an American actress. She acted in silent movies and on stage. She acted in plays, including Peg o' My Heart, The Bird of Paradise and Lola Lola. She also performed in many movies. Those movies included One Night in Rome.

Taylor was born in New York City. She died there from heart conditions at age sixty-three.

American movie actors
American stage actors
Actors from New York City
1883 births
1946 deaths
Roberto Clemente

Roberto Clemente Walker (August 18, 1934–December 31, 1972) was a Puerto Rican baseball player. 

He played 18 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB).  He played right field for the Pittsburgh Pirates from 1955 through 1972. Clemente's career was cut short by his death in a plane crash off the coast of his homeland of Puerto Rico. The flight was planned to deliver emergency supplies to victims of an earthquake in Nicaragua.

Early life 
Clemente was the first Latin American elected to the National Baseball Hall of Fame. He and Lou Gehrig are the only Hall of Fame members that did not have the five-year waiting period. However, the rules for election were different in Gehrig's day.

Career 
He was eligible when he retired in 1939, and the Baseball Writers' Association of America (BBWAA), which then as now is the main body for electing players, chose to hold a special election specifically to elect him. (This was probably because Gehrig was known to be dying, and the voters wanted to elect him while he was still alive.)  

After Clemente's death, the BBWAA made an exception to its five-year waiting period for Clemente. The exception made for Clemente is now a rule—a player who dies while active, or within five years of his retirement, becomes eligible for election six months after his death (provided he has played at least 10 years in Major League Baseball). 

Clemente did a lot of charity work, especially in Latin American countries; as noted above, he died on a charity mission to Latin America. Each year the MLB gives the Roberto Clemente Award.  This award is for the player who best follows Clemente's example with charity work. 

In 1973, Clemente was awarded the Congressional Gold Medal and the first Presidential Citizens Medal.  On August 17, 1984 the United States Postal Service issued a postage stamp honoring Clemente.  This was the day before what would have been his 50th birthday.

Personal life

On November 14, 1964, Clemente married Vera Zabala at San Fernando Church in Carolina. The couple had three children: Roberto, Jr., born in 1965, Luis Roberto, born in 1966, and Enrique Roberto, born in 1969. His Major League Debut Was In Pittsburgh Pirates

References

1934 births
1972 deaths
Pittsburgh Pirates players
Sportspeople from Puerto Rico
Presidential Citizens Medal recipients
Mamie Smith

Mamie Smith (born Mamie Robinson; May 26, 1883 – September 16, 1946) was an American vaudeville singer, dancer and pianist. She appeared in several movies. She performed many musical genres, including blues and jazz. She became the first African American singer to make vocal blues recordings in the early 1920s. Her movies included Jailhouse Blues in 1929 and Paradise in Harlem ten years after that.

Smith was born in Cincinnati, Ohio. She died at age sixty-three in 1946.

American movie actors
Singers from Cincinnati, Ohio
Actors from Cincinnati, Ohio
1883 births
1946 deaths
South Pacific (musical)

South Pacific is a musical. It is based on two short stories from James A. Michener's 1947 book, Tales of the South Pacific. The musical's book was written by Oscar Hammerstein II and Joshua Logan. The lyrics were written by Hammerstein. The music was written by Richard Rodgers. The musical won the Pulitzer Prize for Drama and the Tony Award for Best Musical.

South Pacific opened on Broadway on 7 April 1949 at the Majestic Theatre, and closed on 16 January 1954 after 1925 performances. It starred Mary Martin and Ezio Pinza. 

South Pacific opened on the West End at the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane, on 1 November 1951. The musical was adapted to a Twentieth Century-Fox movie in 1958 starring Mitzi Gaynor and Rosanno Brazzi.

References
 IBdb: South Pacific
 Broadway Musical Home: South Pacific
 Guide to Musical Theatre: South Pacific

1940s musicals
Broadway musicals
West End musicals
Musicals by Rodgers and Hammerstein
Musicals based on books
Musicals adapted to movies
National Treasure: Book of Secrets

National Treasure: Book of Secrets is a 2007 mystery adventure movie. It is a sequel to the 2004 movie, National Treasure. It was directed by Jon Turteltaub. It was produced by Jerry Bruckheimer. The movie was released by Walt Disney Pictures.

Cast
Nicolas Cage as Benjamin Franklin "Ben" Gates
Justin Bartha as Riley Poole: Ben's best friend
Diane Kruger as Dr. Abigail Chase: Ben's colleague and girlfriend
Jon Voight as Patrick Henry Gates: Ben's father
Harvey Keitel as FBI Special agent Sadusky
Alicia Coppola as FBI Special agent Spellman
Ed Harris as Mitch Wilkinson: A black market dealer 
Albert Hall as Dr. Nichols
Bruce Greenwood as President of the United States
Helen Mirren as Dr. Emily Appleton: Ben's mother
Joel Gretsch as Thomas Gates
Billy Unger as Charles Carroll Gates
Ty Burrell as Connor: Abigail's new boyfriend who works at the White House
Zachary Gordon as Lincoln Conspiracy Kid
Glenn Beck as Abraham Lincoln 
Judy Renihan as Mary Todd Lincoln
Christian Camargo as John Wilkes Booth
Randy Travis as himself

References

Other websites 

  for the DVD and Blu-ray Disc
 Official UK Competition site 
 
 
 
 
 

2007 movies
American movies
English-language movies
2000s adventure movies
2000s mystery movies
Movies set in South Dakota
Movies set in Washington, D.C.
Movies set in Paris
Movies set in London
Movies directed by Jon Turteltaub
Mary Alden

Mary Alden (18 June 1883 – 2 July 1946) was an American actress. She acted in Hollywood and on Broadway. She was in a lot of popular movies. Those included Birth of a Nation in 1915 and Ladies of the Mob in 1928.

Alden was born in New York. She died in Los Angeles at age sixty-three.

American movie actors
American stage actors
Actors from New York
1883 births
1946 deaths
Hallerbos

The Hallerbos is a forest in Belgium. It is mostly in the municipality of Halle, in Flemish Brabant.  It used to be part of the Sonian Forest but now is separate.

The forest is known in the region for its bluebell carpet. Bluebells cover the forest floor for a few weeks each spring, attracting many visitors in April and May. The Hallerbos is a quiet type of forest, not to many visitors. It can be accessed from more entries in Halle

Other websites

Hyacintenfefstival

Forests of Belgium
Flanders
Flemish Brabant
Bascule (Brussels)

Bascule is a commercial center in Uccle. It is on Chaussée de Waterloo and has plenty of shops.

Brussels-Capital Region
Bodh Gaya bombings

On July 7, 2013, nine bombs exploded in and around the Mahabodhi Temple complex. The temple is a UNESCO World heritage site in Bodh Gaya, India. Five people, including two monks, were injured by the blasts. There were many other devices found but did not explode. These were diffused when found. 

The vihara was not damaged by the attacks. The holy tree where the Buddha is believed to have attained enlightenment was not harmed. There have been arrests made. However, no party have claim responsibility for the attack. International figures from the Dalai Lama to Aung San Suu Kyi have expressed their concern.

References 

2013 in India
2010s explosions in Asia
Buddhism
Crime in India
Islamic terrorist incidents in Asia
Islamic terrorist incidents in the 2010s
July 2013 events
Terrorist incidents in 2013
Terrorist incidents in Asia in the 2010s
Dealul Mitropoliei

Dealul Mitropoliei () is a small hill in Bucharest, Romania.. It is also called  or "Patriarchate Hill". It is an important historic, cultural, architectural, religious and touristic point in the national capital. The Romanian Patriarchy and the residence of the Patriarch are here. Next to the Patriarchy there is a house (nr. 19) which is in the "National Architectural Patrimonial of Romania".

Bucharest
Hills
Geography of Romania
Sara Teasdale

Sara Teasdale (8 August 1884 – 29 January 1933) was an American poet. In 1918, she received the Pulitzer Prize for Poetry. She wrote many notable poems. Her poetry collection, Love Songs was released in 1917. The poems written by her were about romance, mastery and melancholy.

Teasdale was born in St. Louis, Missouri. At age forty-eight, she committed suicide using sleeping pills in New York City.

19th-century American poets
Writers from St. Louis, Missouri
1884 births
1933 deaths
Pulitzer Prize winners
Chaussée de Waterloo

The Chaussée de Waterloo is a big avenue of Brussels. It starts in the commune of Saint-Gilles and finishes in Waterloo. There the name changes to "Chaussée de Bruxelles" and it continues to Genappe and Charleroi.

Roads
Transport in Belgium
Brussels