cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Bannu

Bannu is a city in Pakistan. It is in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province and is the capital of Bannu District.

Cities in Pakistan
Battagram

Batagram () is a city in Pakistan. It is in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province and is the capital of Batagram District.

Cities in Pakistan
Charsadda

Charsadda is a city in Pakistan. It is in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province and is the capital of Charsadda District.

Cities in Pakistan
Chitral District

Chitral () is a district in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. It has population of about 318,689 people at the 1998 Census, which grew to about 378,000 people by 2004. It has one of the highest mountains of the world, Tirich Mir. It is the largest district in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, with an area of 14,850 sq. kilometres.

Location
Chitral District is the most northerly district in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province. to the west and north is Afghanistan. To the east of Chitral is Kashmir and to the south are the Pakistani districts of Upper Dir and Swat. Chitral can be accessed by air via the Chitral Airport which is approximately 3 km from the town. Regular flights from Peshawar and Islamabad are run by the PIA.

Terrain
The terrain of Chitral is quite mountainous, part of the Pamir Mountains are situated here. Tirich Mir which at 25,289 feet (7,708 metres) is the highest peak of the Hindu Kush, rises in the north of the district.

Chitral is connected to the rest of Pakistan by only two road routes, the Lowari Pass (el. 10,230 ft.) from Dir and Shandur Top (el. 12,200 ft.) from Gilgit. Both routes are closed in winter. The Lowari Tunnel is being constructed under the Lowari Pass and is opened two times a week when Lowari Top is closed due to snowfall.

It was reported in 2004 that Afghanistan had agreed to allow access from Pakistan to Chitral though Afghan territory and the Kunar Valley, by passing Lowari Pass.

Two other passes give access on foot to Chitral, the Broghol Pass and the Dorah Pass, both from Afghanistan. Both are closed in winter.

Population 

The general population is mainly of the Kho people, who speak the Khowar language (or Chitrali), which is also spoken in parts of Yasin, Gilgit and Swat. Chitral is also home to the Kalash tribe who live in three remote valleys southwest of Chitral town.

The Norwegian linguist Georg Morgenstierne wrote that Chitral is the area of the greatest linguistic diversity in the world. Although Khowar is the predominant language of Chitral, more than ten other languages are spoken here. These include Kalasha-mun, Erina, Savi Palula, Dameli, Gawar-Bati, Nuristani, Yidgha, Burushaski, Wakhi, Kyrgyz, Persian and Pashto. Since many of these languages have no written form, letters are usually written in Urdu or Persian

History 

Until 1969, Chitral was a princely state, within the Malakand Agency.  In 1970 Chitral was absorbed into Pakistan as the new Chitral District, until 2000 within Malakand Division.

Administration

The district of Chitral is divided into two tehsils 
 Chitral
 Mastuj

National Assembly 
This district is represented by one elected MNA (Member of National Assembly) in Pakistan National Assembly. Its constituency is NA-32.

Provincial Assembly 
The district is represented by two elected MPAs in the provincial assembly who represent the following constituencies:
 PK-89 (Chitral-I)
 PK-90 (Chitral-II)

References

Other websites
 Chitral News

Districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Regions of Pakistan
Dera Ismail Khan

Dera Ismail Khan is a city in Pakistan. It is in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province and is the capital of Dera Ismail Khan District.

Cities in Pakistan
Hangu (Pakistan)

Hangu is a city in Pakistan. It is in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province and is the capital of Hangu District.

Cities in Pakistan
Haripur, Pakistan

Haripur is a city in Pakistan. It is in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province and is the capital of Haripur District. It was founded by a Sikh General in 1822.

Cities in Pakistan
Karak, Pakistan

Karak is a city in Pakistan. It is in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province and is the capital of Karak District. The main source of income of the people of Karak is agriculture.

Cities in Pakistan
Kohat

Kohat is a city in Pakistan. It is in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province and is the capital of Kohat District.

The majority of the people in this city speak the Kohati dialect of Hindko.

Cities in Pakistan
Lakki Marwat

Lakki Marwat is a city in Pakistan. It is in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province and is the capital of Lakki Marwat District.

Cities in Pakistan
Mansehra

Mansehra is a city in Pakistan. It is in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and is the capital of Mansehra District.
The district has 3 subdivisions - Mansehra Tehsil, Oghi Tehsil and Balakot. It also has a tribal territory called Kala Dhaka, which has however now been given a separate district status also. The district currently has 1.5 million people. The important towns in the district are Baffa, Shinkiari, Kaghan, Naran, Garhi Habibullah, Balakot,Phulra, Oghi, Darband and Khaki.

The Karakoram Highway (or KKH) goes through this district and has a 60 km stretch in the district. Likewise the Mansehra-Naran-Jalkhan-Naran (MNJC). Road also commences in the district and has a 200 km stretch up to Babusar Pass passing through the district. The MNJC is being developed as an alternate route to the Northern Areas of Pakistan.

Cities in Pakistan
Mardan

Mardan (Pashto: مردان), is a city in Pakistan. It is in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province. The city is the capital of Mardan District. It is known as the "city of hospitality".

Sources

Cities in Pakistan
Mardan District
Nowshera

Nowshera is a city in Pakistan. It is in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province and is the capital of Nowshera District.

Cities in Pakistan
Alpuri

Alpuri is a city in Pakistan. It is in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province. It is the capital of Shangla District. It is the headquarters of Alpuri Tehsil.

Settlements in Shangla District
Cities in Pakistan
Saidu Sharif

Saidu Sharif is a city in Pakistan. It is in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province and is the capital of Swat District.

Cities in Pakistan
Tank, Pakistan

Tank is a city in Pakistan. It is in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province and is the capital of Tank District.

Cities in Pakistan
Theatre (warfare)

In warfare, a theatre or theater is an area where there are many battles. Theatres are bordered by peaceful areas.

Some wars are fought in one theatre. Many wars, for example the Seven Years' War have been fought in many different theatres. There were many theatres in World War I and World War II. The Napoleonic wars were the first multi-theatre war in modern times. The use of the word "theatre" for war was first seen in the book "On War" by Carl von Clausewitz.

Theater of operations 
A Theater of operations (TO) is a sub-area within a theater of war. The boundary of a TO is defined by the commander who is orchestrating or providing support for specific combat operations within the TO. It means the territory, including adjoining sea areas and air space, in which a war was conducted.

References 

War
Charlotte Perrelli

Charlotte Perrelli (born Anna Jenny Charlotte Nilsson on October 7, 1974 in Hovmantorp, Kronobergs län) is a Swedish singer,television host and actress, perhaps most famous for winning Melodifestivalen 1999 and subsequently the Eurovision Song Contest 1999 with her song Take Me To Your Heaven. Since then she has released six singles and four albums. Perrelli won Melodifestivalen 2008 on March 15, she represented Sweden in the Eurovision Song Contest 2008 in Belgrade, Serbia.

Discography

Albums
All regularly released albums and their chart positions in the Sweden Top 60 (SWE).

Singles

Soundtracks
Soundtracks containing Charlotte Perrelli songs.
 2000: "Livet är en schlager" Soundtrack - "Jag vill bara älskas av dig"

Compilations
Compilations containing Charlotte Perrelli songs.
 1999: "Absolute '99: The Best of 1999" - "Take Me To Your Heaven"
 1999: "Mr Music Hits - Vol 7, 1999" - "Take Me To Your Heaven"
 1999: "Maximum Dance - Vol 7, 1999" - "Take Me To Your Heaven"
 1999: "Absolute Music 30" - "Take Me To Your Heaven"
 1999: "100% Semester - Vol 4" - "Take Me To Your Heaven"
 2000: "Eurovision Song Gontest 1956-1999" - "Take Me To Your Heaven"
 2000: "Barn 2000" - "Behöver Dig Nu"
 2000: "Schooldays" - "Tusen och en Natt"
 2001: "Melodifestivalen 2001" - "Tusen och en Natt"

Other websites

Official website
Official Myspace
Official YouTube Profile

1974 births
Living people
Swedish singers
Eurovision Song Contest winners
Eurovision Song Contest entrants
Attock District

Attock District () is a district in the Punjab province of Pakistan. The city of Attock is the capital.

Administration 
The district of Attock is administratively subdivided into six tehsils, each with an elected Nazim:

 Attock Tehsil
 Fateh Jang Tehsil
 Hasan Abdal Tehsil
 Jand Tehsil
 Pindi Gheb Tehsil
 Hazro Tehsil

Districts of Punjab (Pakistan)
Rawalpindi Division
Bahawalnagar District

Bahawalnagar District () is a district in the Punjab province of Pakistan. The city of Bahawalnagar is the capital.It is 192 miles south of Lahore and about 120 miles east of Bahwalpur. River Satluj passes on the northern side at a distance of about 6 miles.

History 

Bahawalnagar originally known as Rojhanwali was a small settlement consisting of few huts and shacks. This village Rojhanwali is still in existence at a distance of about 1.5 miles north of the Railway Station. In the year 1895, railway station was established and was named as Rojhanwali Railway Station. It was a Junction between Bahawalnagar and Bhatinda at distance of 113 miles, now linking branch lines Amrooka and Fortabbas. Before partition it was very busy junction. Trains used to run from Karachi to Delhi and vice versa via Bahawalnagar. Passenger trains also used to run from Bahawalnagar to Fazilka, Ferozpur. There was a locoshed and two institutes meant for recreation.

Administration
The District of Bahawalnagar is spread over an area of 8,878 square kilometres comprising five tehsils and 118 Union Councils of Pakistan.

 Bahawalnagar Tehsil
 Chishtian Tehsil
 Fort Abbas Tehsil
 Haroonabad Tehsil
 Minchinabad Tehsil

References

Districts of Punjab (Pakistan)
Bahawalpur Division
Bahawalpur District

Bahawalpur District () is a district in the Punjab province of Pakistan. The city of Bahawalpur is the capital. The Riasti dialect of the language of the Punjab is spoken here and the neighboring areas in the Bahawalpur area of Cholistan.

Administration
The district is administratively divided into five tehsils and 107 Union Councils:

 Ahmedpur Sharqia Tehsil
 Bahawalpur Tehsil  City
 Hasilpur Tehsil
 Khairpur Tamewali Tehsil
 Yazman Mandi Tehsil
 Bahawalpur Tehsil Sadar

Bahawalpur Division
Bhakkar District

Bhakkar District () is a district in the Punjab province of Pakistan. The city of Bhakkar is the capital.

Administration
The district is administratively divided into four tehsils and 42 Union Councils of Pakistan

 Bhakkar Tehsil
 Darya Khan Tehsil
 Kaloorkot Tehsil
 Mankera Tehsil

Districts of Punjab (Pakistan)
Sargodha Division
Chakwal District

Chakwal District () is a district in the Punjab province of Pakistan. The city of Chakwal is the capital.

Administration
The district is administratively subdivided into five tehsils and 68 Union Councils

 Chakwal Tehsil
 Choa Saidan Shah Tehsil
 Talagang Tehsil
 Kallar Kahar Tehsil
 Lawa

Chakwal District
Rawalpindi Division
Dera Ghazi Khan District

Dera Ghazi Khan District () is a district in the Punjab province of Pakistan. The city of Dera Ghazi Khan is the capital.

Tehsils
 Dera Ghazi Khan Tehsil
 Taunsa Sharif Tehsil
 Tribal Area Tehsil
  Kot chutta

Related pages
Dera Ismail Khan District

Districts of British India
Districts of Punjab (Pakistan)
Dera Ghazi Khan Division
Faisalabad District

Faisalabad District () is a district in the Punjab province of Pakistan. The city of Faisalabad is the capital.

Districts of British India
Districts of Punjab (Pakistan)
Faisalabad Division
Gujrat District

Gujrat District () is a district in the Punjab province of Pakistan. The city of Gujrat is the capital.

Gujrat District, had many Sikh Sardars, ruling villages, Islam was a majority, With 10% Sikhs and Hindus together in the District. Islam had a good influence over the Jatts of Gujrat District, 98% of Jatts them followed Islam, The People of this region are mainly Jatts, Rajputs, Gakhars, Balochi, Pathans, etc.

Administration
The district is composed of 3 tehsils: 

 Gujrat Tehsil
 Kharian Tehsil
 Sarai Alamgir Tehsil

Districts of British India
Districts of Punjab (Pakistan)
Gujranwala Division
Hafizabad District

Hafizabad District () is a district in the Punjab province of Pakistan. The city of Hafizabad is the capital.

Tehsils
 Hafizabad Tehsil
 Pindi Bhattian Tehsil

Gujranwala Division
Jhang District

Jhang District () is a district in the Punjab province of Pakistan. The city of Jhang is the capital.

Administration
The district of Jhang is administratively subdivided into 3 tehsils, these are:

 Chiniot District (2009)
 Jhang Tehsil
 Shorkot Tehsil
 Ahmad Pur Sial Tehsil
 Athara Hazari Tehsil

Districts of Punjab (Pakistan)
Faisalabad Division
Jhelum District

Jhelum District () is in the Punjab province of Pakistan. According the 1998 census, the district had 936,957 people, of which 31.48% were urban. Jhelum is known for providing many soldiers to the British and later to the Pakistan armed forces due to which it is also known as city of soldiers or land of martyrs and warriors. The district of Jhelum stretches from the Jhelum River almost to the Indus. Salt is quarried at the Mayo mine in the Salt Range. There are two coal-mines, the only ones worked in the province, from which the North-Western railway gets some of coal. The chief centre of the salt trade is Pind Dadan Khan. The district is crossed by the main line of the North-Western railway, and also traversed along the south by a branch line. It is in the north of the Punjab province, Jhelum district is bordered by Sargodha to its south, Gujrat and the Jhelum River to its south and east, Chakwal to its west, Mirpur to its east, and Rawalpindi to its north.

Administration

The district of Jhelum, which covers an area of 3,587 km2, is administratively divided into four tehsils: Jhelum, Sohawa, Pind Dadan Khan and Dina, - which are divided into 53 Union Councils. It also contains the city of Jhelum.

Demographics
According to census 2017 total population of District Jhelum is 1222650 . In Total population males are 601964 , female are 620636 and Transgender are 50 . Average annual growth rate is 1.41 from 1998 to 2017.

According to the 1998 census of Pakistan, 936,957 people lived in Jhelum District. There were 261 people per square kilometre. According the Punjab Education Department's annual literacy statistics for 2006, Jhelum had a literacy rate of 79% which is among the highest in Pakistan. Human Development Index of Jhelum is 0.770, which highest in Pakistan after Karachi.

Language

People of Jhelum District speak Punjabi. The written language is Urdu. Many also speak Pothwari.

Climate
The climate of the tract is extreme. In winter it is very cold and summer is very hot. The average rainfall varies from 48 to 69 mm each year.

Colleges and schools
 Army Public School and College
 FG Intermediat College
 Fauji Foundation Model School & College
 Govt. Degree College
 Govt. College. G.T. Road
 Govt. College for Women
 Govt. College of Commerce
 Research Girls College Kala Gujran
 Jinnah Law College
 M.A. Jinnah College of Commerce & Computer Science
 PICS
 Presentation Convent School
 Jhelum Homeopathic Medical College
 SLS College

Landmarks
 Lehri Nature Park

Notable people

 Muhammad Akram, Nishan-e-Haider, of Nakka Kalan, Tehsil & District Jhelum.
 Asif Nawaz (Late), (former Chief of Army Staff, Pakistan.
 Ghazanfar Ali Khan, (Leader In Pakistan Movement)
 Ch. Altaf Hussain (Late), former Governor of Punjab, Pakistan, Ex-MNA and President Lahore High Court Bar Association

References

Other websites
 Jhelum District 
 Jhelum Post 

Rawalpindi Division
Kasur District

Kasur District () is a district in the Punjab province of Pakistan. The city of Kasur is the capital.

Tehsils
 Chunian Tehsil
 Kasur Tehsil
 Pattoki Tehsil
 Kot Radha Kishen Tehsil

Lahore Division
Khanewal District

Khanewal District () is a district in the Punjab province of Pakistan. The city of Khanewal is the capital.

District Government 
The District is headed by a powering authority named as District Coordianation Officer.Dco handles all developments and problem issues in whole District.EDO's work under DCO to cooperate in operations which are going on in District.

Tehsils of Khanewal
 Kabirwala Tehsil
 Khanewal Tehsil
 Jahanian Tehsil
 Mian Channu Tehsil

Districts of Punjab (Pakistan)
Multan Division
Khushab District

Khushab District () is a district in the Punjab province of Pakistan. The city of Khushab is the capital.

Tehsils
 Khushab Tehsil
 Noorpur Thal Tehsil
 Quaidabad Tehsil

Districts of Punjab (Pakistan)
Sargodha Division
Lahore District

Lahore District () is a district in the Punjab province of Pakistan. The city of Lahore is the capital.

References

Districts of British India
Districts of Punjab (Pakistan)
Lahore Division
Layyah District

Layyah District () is a district in the Punjab province of Pakistan. The city of Layyah is the capital. 

Layyah District shares borders with the districts of Bhakkar (north), Muzaffargarh (south), Jhang (east) and D.G. Khan (west).  The District is of semi rectangular shape and has sandy land. The total area of the district is 6291 km2.  It is 88 km from east to west & 75 km from north to south. It is made up of the three tehsils of:

Layyah Tehsil
Chaubara Tehsil
Karor Lal Esan Tehsil

Layyah District has an extremely hot climate. The temperature in winter is low because it is near the Koh-Suleman mountains. The tehsil Chaubara is almost barren and is made up of forest and sand dunes. The tehsil of Layyah and Karor Lal Esan are better developed agriculturally but they have also large areas of sand dunes and uncultivated land. The river Indus passes from north to south on western side of the district and touches D.G. Khan.

Other websites 
Map of Layyah

Districts of Punjab (Pakistan)
Dera Ghazi Khan Division
Lodhran District

Lodhran District () is a district in the Punjab province of Pakistan. The city of Lodhran is the capital.

Tehsils
 Dunya Pur Tehsil
 Kahror Pacca Tehsil
 Lodhran Tehsil

Districts of Punjab (Pakistan)
Multan Division
Mandi Bahauddin District

Mandi Bahauddin District () is a district in the Punjab province of Pakistan. The city of Mandi Bahauddin is the capital.

The district has three tehsils, these are:

 Malakwal Tehsil
 Mandi Bahauddin Tehsil
 Phalia Tehsil

References

Gujranwala Division
Mianwali District

Mianwali District () is a district in the Punjab province of Pakistan. The city of Mianwali is the capital.

Tehsils
 Isakhel Tehsil
 Mianwali Tehsil
 Piplan Tehsil

Districts of British India
Districts of Punjab (Pakistan)
Sargodha Division
Multan District

Multan District  () is a district in the Punjab province of Pakistan. According to the 1998 census of Pakistan it had a population of 3.117 million (1.315 million or 42.2% in urban areas). Its capital is the city of Multan.

Tehsils of Multan 
 Mumtazabad Tehsil
 Sher Shah Tehsil
 Sujaabad Tehsil
 Jalapur Pirwala Tehsil
 Bosan Tehsil
 Shah Rukn-e-alam Tehsil

References

Districts of British India
Districts of Punjab (Pakistan)
Multan Division
Muzaffargarh District

Muzaffargarh District () is a district in the Punjab province of Pakistan. The city of Muzaffargarh is the capital.

Tehsils
 Alipur Tehsil
 Jatoi Tehsil
 Kot Addu Tehsil
 Muzaffargarh

Districts of British India
Districts of Punjab (Pakistan)
Dera Ghazi Khan Division

sv:Muzaffargarh
Nankana Sahib District

Nankana Sahib District or Khairpur Bhattian () is a district in the Punjab province of Pakistan. The city of Nankana Sahib is the capital.

Administration
Nankana Sahib District is administratively subdivided into four tehsils:

 Nankana Sahib Tehsil
 Safdarabad Tehsil
 Sangla Hill Tehsil
 Shahkot Tehsil

Lahore Division
Narowal District

Narowal District () is a district in the Punjab province of Pakistan. The city of Narowal is the capital. The Darhab dialect of the Punjabi language is spoken in this very district and the surrounding areas.

Administration
 Narowal Tehsil
 Shakargarh Tehsil
 Zafarwal Tehsil

Boundaries
The district is bounded on the northwest by Sialkot District, on the north by Indian Kashmir, on the east by Gurdaspur District (Republic of India) which contains the Pathankot Tehsil contiguous to Pakistan; and internationalised on the south by Amritsar District (Republic of India) and Sheikhupura District to the south-west.

Gujranwala Division
Okara District

Okara District () is a district in the Punjab province of Pakistan. The city of Okara is the capital.

Tehsils
 Depalpur Tehsil
 Renala Khurd Tehsil
 Okara Tehsil town

Districts of Punjab (Pakistan)
Sahiwal Division
Taito Corporation

The Taito Corporation is an innovator of coin operated video games. Taito was founded in 1953 to import peanuts and vodka to Japan. They also made vending machines for the vodka and peanuts. The next year (1954), Taito began making jukeboxes and other amusement machines. These machines were designed by other companies but in 1956 Taito designed and produced Japans first jukebox. Taito started to buy, sell, and lease pinball machines in 1956. Taito became the manufacturer of Seeburg corporation (USA) jukeboxes in 1962. Taito produced Japans first crane-type coin operated machine in 1965. The Japanese Ministry of International Trade and Industry gave Taito a  prize for  in 1970. In 1973 Taito made Pro Hockey and Soccer video games as well as Elepong. Elepong was the first Japanese designed coin operated game. Taito are most famous for making Space Invaders in 1978. Taito says "Space Invaders was a worldwide phenomenon".  Taito has been one of the leading makers of coin operated video games in the world for more than thirty years.

Famous video games created by the Taito Corporation

Elepong 1973
Davis Cup 1973
Pro Hockey 1973
Soccer 1973
Speed Race 1974
Gun Fight 1975
Space Invaders 1978
Space Invaders part 2 1979
Asteroids 1980
Missile Command 1980
Arkanoid 1986
Bubble Bobble 1986
Rainbow Islands 1987
Operation Wolf 1987
Chase HQ 1988
The New Zealand Story 1988
Puzzle Bobble 1995

Other websites 
The Taito Corporation website

References

Taito Legends, 2005
Taito Legends 2, 2006

Japanese video game companies
Electronics companies of Japan
1953 establishments in Asia
Pakpattan District

Pakpattan District () is a district in the Punjab province of Pakistan. The city of Pakpattan is the capital.

Tehsils
 Arifwala Tehsil
 Pakpattan Tehsil
 Malka Hans Tehsil

Sahiwal Division
Rahimyar Khan District

Rahimyar Khan District () is a district in the Punjab province of Pakistan. The city of Rahimyar Khan is the capital.

Tehsils
 Khanpur Tehsil
 Liaquatpur Tehsil
 Rahim Yar Khan Tehsil
 Sadiqabad Tehsil

Districts of Punjab (Pakistan)
Bahawalpur Division
Space Invaders

Space Invaders is a video game made by the Taito Corporation. Space Invaders is one of the most famous early video games. The game is about defending the Earth from Space Invaders (aliens) by shooting them down before they can land. There have been seven versions of Space Invaders made by the Taito Corporation. Space Invaders was designed by the Taito Corporations man in charge of the game making department, Toshihiro Nishikado. Nishikado was inspired to make the game after watching Star Wars and War of the Worlds. At first Space Invaders was a coin-operated machine but has been made available for almost every games console and home computer. Before making Space Invaders, Nishikado worked on games called Soccer and Interceptor. He says the hardest part of making a video game is designing the computer inside it. Taito describes Space Invaders as "an international phenomenon".

Space Invaders versions

Space Invaders, 1978
Space Invaders Part 2, 1979
The Return of the Space Invaders, 1985
Space Invaders '91, 1991
Space Invaders DX, 1995
Space Invaders '95, 1995
Space Invaders 3D

References

Taito Legends, 2005
Taito Legends 2, 2006

Arcade games
Rajanpur District

Rajanpur District () is a district in the Punjab province of Pakistan. The city of Rajanpur is the capital.

Tehsils
 Jampur Tehsil
 Rajanpur Tehsil
 Rojhan Tehsil

Districts of Punjab (Pakistan)
Dera Ghazi Khan Division
Rawalpindi District

Rawalpindi District () is a district in the Punjab province of Pakistan. The city of Rawalpindi is the capital. The district is divided into seven tehsils, these are:
 Gujar Khan Tehsil
 Kahuta Tehsil
 Kallar Syedan Tehsil
 Kotli Sattian Tehsil
 Murree Tehsil
 Rawalpindi Tehsil
 Taxila Tehsil

In 1901 Punjab Census, the Sikhs numbered 26,363, Hindus 57,325, and the Muslims being 466,918 83%. But between 1901 and 1931, there was a large number of Hindus converting to Sikhism. By 1947, there would have been more than 100,000 Sikhs In this district, and also the population growing.

Districts of British India
Rawalpindi District
Rawalpindi Division
Sahiwal District

Sahiwal District () is a district in the Punjab province of Pakistan. The city of Sahiwal is the capital.

Sahiwal is on GT Road. It is 167 km from Lahore.

Tehsils
 Sahiwal Tehsil
 Chichawatni Tehsil

Districts of British India
Sahiwal Division
Sargodha District

Sargodha District () is a district in the Punjab province of Pakistan. The city of Sargodha is the capital.

Tehsils
 Bhalwal Tehsil
 Sahiwal Tehsil
 Sargodha Tehsil
 Shahpur Tehsil
 Sillanwali Tehsil
 Kot Momin Tehsil

Districts of British India
Districts of Punjab (Pakistan)
Sargodha Division
Sialkot District

Sialkot District () is a district in the Punjab province of Pakistan. The city of Sialkot is the 

It is recorded that Masses of Jatts of Sialkot district, converted to Islam, under Daud Bandagi Kirmani (1513-1575), of Shergarh during the reign of Emperor Akbar between, 1556-1605. The Clans that converted included Sandhu, Ghumman, Bajwa, Virk, Maan, Cheema, Basra, Kahlon, Goraya, Sahi, Hanjra, Dehothar.

Tehsils
 Daska Tehsil
 Pasrur Tehsil
 Sambrial Tehsil
 Sialkot Tehsil

Districts of British India
Districts of Punjab (Pakistan)
Gujranwala Division
Toba Tek Singh District

Toba Tek Singh District () is a district in the Punjab province of Pakistan. The city of Toba Tek Singh is the capital.

Tehsils
 Gojra Tehsil
 Kamalia Tehsil
 Toba Tek Singh Tehsil

Districts of Punjab (Pakistan)
Faisalabad Division
Vehari District

Vehari District () is a district in the Punjab province of Pakistan. The city of Vehari is the capital.

Tehsils
 Burewala Tehsil
 Mailsi Tehsil
 Vehari Tehsil

Districts of Punjab (Pakistan)
Multan Division
Attock

Attock is a city in Pakistan. It is in the Punjab province and is the capital of Attock District.

Cities in Pakistan
Bahawalnagar

Bahawalnagar is a city in Pakistan. It is in the Punjab province. It is the capital of Bahawalnagar District. It is located near the India–Pakistan border.

Cities in Pakistan
Bahawalpur

Bahawalpur is a city in Pakistan. It is in the Punjab province and is the capital of Bahawalpur District.

Cities in Pakistan
Bhakkar

Bhakkar (, Seraiki: بھکر) is the capital city of Bhakkar District, Punjab, Pakistan. It is located at 31°37'60N 71°4'0E at an elevation of 159 metres and lies on the left bank of the Indus river. It has a population of almost 300,000 people and was given district status in 1981. It is also the capital of the tehsil of the same name (Bhakkar Tehsil).

Cities in Pakistan
Chakwal

Chakwal is a city in Pakistan. It is in the Punjab province and is the capital of Chakwal District.

Cities in Pakistan
Dera Ghazi Khan

Dera Ghazi Khan is a city in Pakistan. It is in the Punjab province and is the capital of Dera Ghazi Khan District.

Cities in Pakistan
Faisalabad

Faisalabad, formerly known as Lyallpur, is the third largest metropolis in Pakistan. It is in the Punjab province and is the capital of Faisalabad District. The city is an important centre of trade and industry.

References 

Cities in Pakistan
Union councils of Pakistan

A Union Council or Village Council in Pakistan is an elected local government body that has 21 councillors. They are elected by the people. Each Union Council is headed by a Nazim, which is similar to a mayor, and a Naib Nazim (similar to a deputy mayor).

Administration 
Union Councils are the fifth level (the lowest level) of government in Pakistan. Union Councils are often known as "Village Councils" in rural areas, the area represented by a Village Council usually comprises a large village and surrounding areas, often including nearby small villages. The term "Union Council" may be used for areas that are part of cities.

Each Union Council is governed by a Union Nazim (similar to a mayor), each union council has 13 elected members known as councillors. As well as four male and two female members elected directly, there are two male and two female representatives of the labour, a minority member, a Union Nazim and his deputy known as Union Naib Nazim.

Also as well as the elected members, there are several government employees and functionaries in every union council, who report to the Secretary of the Union Council. The last one is a civil servant appointed by the state.

The territory of a Union Council or Village Council is usually part of a tehsil, (a tehsil is a district subdivision). Less commonly, a Union Council may be part of a City District.

Structure of local Government  
Shown below is a simplified structure of the political hierarchy.
 the federal government governs the provinces (allocation of resources and policy decisions. 
 the provinces govern the districts etc. 
 the union councils are involved directly in local government administration.

References

Other websites 

 

Local government of Pakistan
Seer Gharbi

Seer Gharbi is one of the 51 Union Councils of Abbottabad District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of the country of Pakistan. It is in the southeastern part of the province, bordering the Rawalpindi District of Punjab province.

Meaning
Seer Gharbi means Western Seer. This is because there are two towns called Seer and are very near to each other. The other Seer is known as Seer Sharqi, which means Eastern Seer.

2005 earthquake
On October 8, 2005, Seer Gharbi, like much of Abbottabad District, was affected by an earthquake. However the number of people killed or injured was low, the damage was largely to buildings and damage to water supplies.

Subdivisions
The Union Council of Seer Gharbi is subdivided into three areas: Basbher, Malmola and Seer Gharbi.

References

Union Councils of Abbottabad District
Tranmere Rovers F.C.

Tranmere Rovers Football Club is an English football club, They were a member of The Football League until 2015, when they were relegated to the Football Conference. Their main rivals are Chester, Wrexham, Bolton and Everton.

Name 
 1884-1885 Belmont F.C.
 1885-present Tranmere Rovers F.C.

League position

Former position 

1884 establishments in England
Birkenhead
English football clubs
Corumbá

Corumbá is a Brazilian city of the state of Mato Grosso do Sul. It has about 120,000 inhabitants and an area of 64.960,86 km².

Cities in Mato Grosso do Sul
Liv Tyler

Liv Tyler (born July 1, 1977) is an American actress and former model. She is best known for her roles of Grace Stamper in Armageddon and Arwen in The Lord of the Rings movie trilogy. She is the daughter of Aerosmith's singer, Steven Tyler.

Tyler was born Liv Rundgren at Mount Sinai Hospital in Manhattan, New York City, New York. She is the first born daughter of Bebe Buell, a model, singer, and was the Playboy Playmate of the month Miss November 1974, and Steven Tyler, the lead singer of Aerosmith. Her maternal grandmother, Dorothea Johnson, founded the Protocol School of Washington. Her mother named her after Norwegian actress Liv Ullmann. At birth, Bebe Buell claimed that rock star Todd Rundgren was Tyler's biological father. Tyler spent most of her childhood living with that understanding, only finding her true parentage at age nine, after meeting Steven Tyler at a Rundgren concert in Boston. Also, when Tyler was growing up, Steven Tyler started coming to visit. Then at another meeting in 1988, seeing that Steven Tyler's other daughter, Mia, looked very similar to herself, she asked her mother. The truth about Tyler's paternity did not become public until 1991, when she changed her name from Rundgren to Tyler, but kept the old one as a middle name. Buell's reason for the decision was that Steven Tyler was too heavily addicted to drugs at that time. Since knowing the truth about her paternity, Liv and Steven Tyler have had a close relationship. They have even made their careers intertwine when Liv performed in Aerosmith's video "Crazy" and when Aerosmith wrote and performed many of the songs in Liv's movie Armageddon.

Tyler went to the Congressional School of Virginia, Breakwater Elementary and Wayneflete schools (in Portland, Maine) before returning to New York City with her mother at the age of twelve. She went to York Prep in NYC for Junior High and High School, graduating in 1995. One month later Tyler set off for Italy, to star in Stealing Beauty.

Filmography

References

Other websites 
 
 Lovely Liv Tyler , a website endorsed by Liv Tyler

1977 births
Living people
Actors from Maine
Actors from Manhattan
American movie actors
Models from Manhattan
Dourados

Dourados is a Brazilian city of the state of Mato Grosso do Sul. It has about 200,000 inhabitants and an area of .

Cities in Mato Grosso do Sul
AdventureQuest

AdventureQuest is an RPG (role-playing game) made by Artix Entertainment.

Related pages
 DragonFable
 MechQuest
 AdventureQuest Worlds
 ArchKnight
 ZardWars

Other websites
 AdventureQuest

Online games
Role-playing video games
Conflict

A conflict is a struggle between people which  may be physical, or between conflicting ideas. The word comes from Latin conflingere Conflingere means to come together for a battle. Conflicts can either be within one person, or they can involve several people or groups. Conflicts arise because there are needs, values or ideas that are seen to be different, and there is no means to reconcile the dispute. 

Very often, conflicts lead to fights, or even wars (in the case where conflicts are solved with weapons). Conflict between ideas is usually  fought with propaganda.

Related pages
Conflict resolution
Dispute

War
Constructed script

A constructed script (also artificial script, neography, and conscript for short) is a kind of writing system. It is a writing system that is specifically created by an individual or group, and is not like an evolved natural script. In contrast, natural scripts evolve and grow as part of a natural language or culture.

Some constructed scripts are made to be used for constructed languages. Other constructed scripts are used in linguistic experimentation or for other more practical uses in existing languages.

Writing systems
An Inspector Calls

An Inspector Calls is a play written in 1945 by the British playwright J. B. Priestley, but set in 1912. Its socialist views ran against the capitalist views of many theatres visitors. It was first performed in 1946 in two Moscow theatres.  It was then first produced in London at the New Theatre on 1 October 1946. 

The play shows the way in which people are all connected, and reflects Priestley's socialist views while outlining the problems he saw with capitalism. The main themes in the play are an equitable (fair) society, responsibility and love.

Dramatic presentation 
 The play is set in the town of Brumley. It is about a police inspector, Inspector Goole, who questions a family about the suicide of a young woman whom the family knew. Many events which happen after the play are contradicted by Arthur Birling, such as the Titanic being unsinkable and that war with Germany would never happen. These are examples of dramatic irony.
 The play takes place in one set (the dining room of the Birlings' house), in real time. This is a dramatic device which keeps the audience's attention on the dialogue as well as the timing of the entrances and exits. Foreshadowing is used throughout the play. 
 Another dramatic technique or device used is how Priestley ends his acts. Each time, near the end of the act, the inspector drops a bombshell of information that we are  to think about. He makes us ponder over all that happened in that act.

Dramatic devices 
J. B. Priestley uses dramatic devices and dramatic irony to signal characters and introduce the inspector. For example, the house is pink and intimate while they are celebrating the engagement, but when the sharp ring of a door bell is heard, the lighting changes to a brighter and harder colour. Some believe that it represents an interrogation room due to the bright lights that are shining on the Birlings as the inspector comes in and picks the story out of them bit by bit. Dramatic irony is used throughout the play to create prejudice between Mr. Birling and the audience.

Awards 
Olivier Award PlayRevival 1991–2000
Tony Award PlayRevival 1994–2000

British plays
Justice and Equality Movement

The Justice and Equality Movement (JEM) is a rebel group involved in the Darfur conflict of Sudan.  It is led by Khalil Ibrahim.  Together with other rebel groups such as the Sudan Liberation Army, they are fighting against the government-supported Janjaweed militia.  The JEM is also a member of the Eastern Front, a rebel coalition.  After the Eastern Front signed a peace deal with the central government, the JEM lost access to its funding from Eritrea.

The JEM traces its foundation to the writers of the Black Book, a manuscript published in 2000 that shows some problems.  JEM has an Islamist ideology, and the government links the group to Hassan al-Turabi, although leaders of the group and Turabi himself deny the claim. However, al-Turabi blames the government for making the situation worse". 

On January 20, 2006, the group merged with the Sudan Liberation Movement, along with other rebel groups, to form the Alliance of Revolutionary Forces of West Sudan.  However, the JEM and SLM negotiated as separate groups with peace talks with the government in May 2006.

In October of 2007, the JEM attacked an oilfield in the Kordofan region of Sudan. This olified is controlled by a Chinese consortium.  The next month, a group of 135 Chinese engineers arrived in Darfur to work on this field. Ibrahim told reporters, "We oppose them coming because the Chinese are not interested in human rights. It is just interested in Sudan's resources." The JEM claims that the revenue from oil sold to China funds the Sudanese government and the Janjaweed militia.

On the morning of December 11th, 2007, Khalil Ibrahim claimed that JEM forces fought and defeated Sudanese government troops guarding a Chinese-run oilfield in the Kordofan region.  Khartoum officials, however, denied that any oil fields had come under attack.  Ibrahim said that the attack was part of a JEM campaign to rid Sudan of Chinese-run oilfields and stated that "[The JEM] want all Chinese companies to leave. They have been warned many times. They should not be there."

Notes and references

Other websites 
Justice and Equality Movement
 Upcoming Peace Talks Will Not Solve the Complex Darfur Problem , The Power and Interest News Report
 Darfur conflict
 BBC background on the SLA and JEM: 
 BBC Darfur on the brink of new conflict as the SLA now joins the government fighting against rebel groups including the JEM: 
 Justice and Equality Movement The JEM's homepage
 Greater Nile Petroleum Operating Company's website 

Darfur conflict
Rebel militia groups in Africa
Lope de Vega

Lope de Vega (also Félix Lope de Vega y Carpio or Lope Félix de Vega Carpio) (25 November 1562 – 27 August 1635) was a Spanish Baroque playwright and poet. His reputation in the world of Spanish letters is second only to that of Cervantes, while the sheer volume of his literary output is unequalled: 
he is estimated to have written between 1,500 and 2,500 fully-fledged plays – of which some 425 have survived until the modern day – together with a plethora of shorter dramatic and poetic works.

He was "The Phoenix of Wits" and "Monster of Nature" by Miguel de Cervantes because he did so much work. Lope de Vega renewed the Spanish theatre when people were becoming interested in it. Along with Calderón de la Barca and Tirso de Molina, he improved Spanish theater. He is considered a great dramatist and his plays are often performed. He is also one of the famous Spanish poets and authors.

Life
Lope de Vega was born in Madrid to a non-notable family, who came to the capital from Valle de Carriedo in Cantabria recently. Félix de Vega, the bread winner of the family, was an embroiderer.

1562 births
1635 deaths
Spanish poets
Playwrights
Pedro Calderòn de la Barca

Pedro Calderón de la Barca y Henao (January 17, 1600 – May 25, 1681), was a dramatist of the Spanish Golden Age.

Calderón was born in Madrid. His mother, who was of Flemish descent, died in 1610; his father, who was secretary to the treasury, died in 1615. Calderón was educated at the Jesuit College in Madrid, the Colegio Imperial, with a view to taking orders; but instead, he studied law at Salamanca.

Selected Works 

 El médico de su honra (The Surgeon of his Honour)
 La vida es sueño (Life is a Dream)
 El Alcalde de Zalamea (The Mayor of Zalamea)
 La Dama duende (The Phantom Lady)
 Casa con dos puertas (The House with Two Doors)
 El Mágico prodigioso (The Mighty Magician)
 La Devoción de la Cruz (Devotion to the Cross)
 El Gran Teatro del mundo (The Great Theatre of the World)
 El Gran Mercado del mundo (The World is a Fair)
 El Pintor de su deshonra (The Painter of His Dishonour)
 El Prodigio de Alemania (The Prodigy of Germany) (in collaboration with Antonio Coello)

1600 births
1681 deaths
Spanish writers
Chemical vapor deposition

Chemical vapor deposition is a method of putting a thin layer of materials on to a surface using very low heat. It is specially useful for coating thin glass with metal without damaging the glass, using such a thin layer of metal that the glass can be seen through. This technology was invented by the Head of the Chemistry Department of Harvard University, Professor Roy Gordon, in the 1970s and perfected by his team during the 1980s. Chemical vapor deposition has a vast range of uses. Hip replacement joints are coated using chemical vapor deposition to make them lighter, stronger, and longer lasting. TFT displays (flat screen televisions and computer monitors) are made using chemical vapor deposition. This technology is also used to prevent double glazing windows and supermarket freezers from steaming up. Chemical vapor deposition can be used to create synthetic diamonds.

Other websites 

 Roy Gordons Glass  in the Harvard Gazette

Technology
Chemical processes
States of Sudan

Below is a list of the 25 states of Sudan. As Sudan was under British rule, they are organized by their original provinces under British rule. Arabic language versions are in parentheses.  States that were not provinces before 1994 are marked with (*).  Transliterations from Arabic to English may vary; in particular, the article "al" is sometimes transliterated as "el".  Numbers correspond to those of the map at right.

Blue Nile
 Al Jazirah (9)
 Blue Nile/Central
 Blue Nile/Central (An Nil al Azraq/Al Wustá) (16)
 Sennar (*) (13)
 White Nile (An Nil al Abyad) (8)
Darfur
 North Darfur (Shamal Darfur) (4)
 South Darfur (Janub Darfur) (14)
 West Darfur (Gharb Darfur) (11)
Equatoria
 Bahr al Ghazal
 Lakes (Al Buhayrat) (23)
 North Bahr al Ghazal (Shamal Bahr al Ghazal) (18)
 West Bahr al Ghazal (Gharb Bahr al Ghazal) (17)
 Warab (*) (21)
 East Equatoria
 Central Equatoria (*) (25)
 East Equatoria (Sharq al Istiwa'iyah) (26)
 West Equatoria (Gharb al Istiwa'iyah) (24)
Kassala
 Kassala (Ash Sharqiyah) (7)
 Al Qadarif (10)
 Red Sea (Al Bahr al Ahmar) (3)
Khartoum
 Khartoum (Al Khartum) (6)
Kurdufan
 North Kurdufan (Shamal Kurdufan) (5)
 South Kurdufan (Janub Kurdufan) (15)
 West Kurdufan (Gharb Kurdufan) (12, abolished in 2006 and split to merge with North and South Kurdufan)
Northern
 Northern (Ash Shamaliyah) (1)
 River Nile (Nahr an Nil) (2)
Upper Nile
 Jonglei
 Jonglei (22)
 Unity (Al Wahdah)(*) (19)
 Upper Nile (A'ali an Nil) (20)

Regional autonomy

The ten southern states constitute the autonomous region of Southern Sudan.
 The three Darfur states are coordinated by the Transitional Darfur Regional Authority.

History 
Anglo-Egyptian Sudan had eight mudiriyat, or provinces, which were ambiguous when created but became well defined by the beginning of the Second World War.  The eight provinces were: Blue Nile, Darfur, Equatoria, Kassala, Khartoum, Kurdufan, Northern, and Upper Nile.  In 1948 Bahr al Ghazal split from Equatoria. 

There were numerous new provinces created on 1 July 1973.  North and South Darfur were created from Darfur, while Kurdufan divided into North and South Kurdufan.  Al Jazirah and White Nile were split off from Blue Nile.  River Nile split off from Northern.  Red Sea was split off from Kassala.

A further fracturing of provinces occurred in 1976.  Lakes split from Bahr al Ghazal, and Jonglei split off from Upper Nile.  Equatoria divided into East and West Equatoria.  There were thus eighteen provinces.  In 1991, the government reorganized the administrative regions into nine federal states, matching the nine provinces that had existed from 1948 to 1973.  On 14 February 1994, the government reorganized yet again, creating twenty-six wilayat (states).  The majority of the wilayat were either the old provinces or administrative subregions of a province.  As part of the new government structure in South Sudan in 2005, Bahr al Jabal was renamed Central Equatoria. In 2006, West Kurdufan was split and merged with North Kurdufan and South Kurdufan.
Nazim

A Nazim is a person who is responsible for administration of cities, districts and the Union Councils of Pakistan. The job of a Nazim is similar to that of a mayor.

Pakistani people
Dogon people

The Dogon are a group of people who live in Mali in West Africa. They live south of the River Niger near the city of Bandiagara. They are famous for their types of stories, dancing, buildings and art. They make wooden statues.

Other websites 
 Dogon

Ethnic groups in Africa
Malian people
Ipswich

Ipswich is a large town in the East Anglian county of Suffolk England. It is the county town of Suffolk. It is near the estuary of the River Orwell. 117,069 people live there. In the Tudor period Ipswich was famous for the Wool Trade and there are still a lot of Tudor buildings which survive to this day. Thomas Wolsey, who was a famous adviser to Henry VIII was born in Ipswich. In modern times Ipswich became infamous as in 2006 a serial killer murdered five sex workers over a short space of time.

The town is home to Ipswich Town F.C., an association football team.  They play in the town at a stadium called Portman Road.

Ipswich is one of the oldest towns in England.

References 

Hanseatic League
 
Port cities and towns of the North Sea
Port cities and towns of England
County towns in England
Self-esteem

Self-esteem is the way people think about themselves and how worthwhile they feel. Psychologists use the word self-esteem to describe whether someone likes them self or not. Someone with high self-esteem might think that they are good at things and are worthwhile and they are confident in the things that they do. Someone with low self-esteem might think that they are bad at things and worthless. Different psychologists have different ways of measuring self-esteem, and many people do not agree with what it means. Some people think that self-esteem is linked to depression, eating disorders and bullying. Some people may also injure themselves if they suffer from a low self-esteem.

Self-esteem also considered by the international law on human rights, such as Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and Yogyakarta Principles, and they affirm that each person's self-esteem must be protected against any kind of abuse or violence out of social prejudices and discriminations.

World Health Organization also think that to make strong self-esteem is important to prevent the suicide of students as well as prevent bullying by tolerance.

Notes 

Psychology