cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Fealty

An oath of fealty is a pledge of allegiance of one person to another.

In medieval Europe, the swearing of fealty is an oath made by a subordinate to his lord. "Fealty" also referred to the duties that a servant need to perform. These includes service and aid.

References

 
 
 

Feudalism
Wolfgang Brezinka

Wolfgang Brezinka (9 June 1928 – 3 January 2020) was a German-Austrian educational scientist. He was born in Berlin. He served as professor of pedagogy at the Pedagogical University in Würzburg. He also worked at the universities of Innsbruck and Konstanz. He was a researcher at Columbia University and Harvard University.

On 3 January 2020, Brezinka died in Telfes, in the Austrian state of Tyrol. He was 91.

References

1928 births
2020 deaths
Austrian scientists
German educators
Scientists from Berlin
Austrian educators
German scientists
Prem Nath Hoon

Prem Nath Hoon (4 October 1929 – 6 January 2020) was an Indian military officer. He was the General Officer Commanding-in-Chief of the Western Command of the Indian Armed Forces from 1986 to 1987. He took part in the 1962 Sino-Indian War and 1965 Indo–Pakistan War. In 1984, he led Operation Meghdoot, the Indian Armed Forces operation to capture the Siachen Glacier in the Kashmir region. He was also part of Operation Brasstacks, the biggest military exercise since World War II. Hoon was born in Abbottabad, North West Frontier Province (now Pakistan). 

Hoon died on 6 January 2020 in Chandimandir, Haryana. He was 90.

References

1929 births
2020 deaths
Indian military people
Generals
George Perles

George J. Perles (July 16, 1934 – January 7, 2020) was an American football player and coach. He was born in Detroit, Michigan. He was a defensive line coach, defensive coordinator and assistant head coach for the National Football League's Pittsburgh Steelers from 1972 to 1982. He was also the head football coach at Michigan State University (MSU) from 1983 to 1994. He was added to the MSU Board of Trustees in 2006. He retired from his position on the board in November 2018 due to health reasons and wanting to spend time with family.

On January 7, 2020, Perles died from Parkinson's disease in Lansing, Michigan. He was 85.

References

1934 births
2020 deaths
American football coaches
Deaths from Parkinson's disease
Disease-related deaths in Michigan
Sportspeople from Detroit, Michigan
Yong Pung How

Yong Pung How  (11 April 1926 – 9 January 2020) was a Singaporean judge. He served as Chief Justice from 1990 to 2006. Before being a judge, he was a lawyer, banker and senior government official. From 2010 until his death in 2020, he had been the Chancellor of the Singapore Management University. Yong was born in Kuala Lumpur, Malaya. He came from an ethnic Chinese family with Hakka ancestry from Dabu County, Guangdong. 

Yong died on 9 January 2020, at the age of 93.

References

1926 births
2020 deaths
Bankers
Chief justices
Kuala Lumpur
Singaporean politicians
Ayako Wakao

is a Japanese actress. She was born in Tokyo. She was a favorite actress of director Yasuzo Masumura, starring in 25 of his movies. She appeared in Kenji Mizoguchi's A Geisha and Street of Shame. She also appeared in Yasujirō Ozu's Floating Weeds.

References

Other websites
 

1933 births
Living people
Actors from Tokyo
Thomas Gage

General Thomas Gage (10 March 1718/19 – 2 April 1787) was a British Army general officer and colonial official best known for his many years of service in North America, including his role as British commander-in-chief in the early days of the American Revolution.

Thomas Gage, on February 20, 1773, already communicated to the governor of Louisiana, Luis de Unzaga y Amézaga 'le Conciliateur', his intention to return to the United Kingdom with his family, a fact that occurred 4 months later, in June Therefore, Gage was not present when the Boston Tea Party took place in December of that year, a city in which both Gage and Unzaga left confidants to be informed by their respective spy networks.

Notes

  (paperback).

 (Paperback: )

References

Other websites

 Official
 Thomas Gage papers at the William L. Clements Library
 General information
 
 
 
 
 

1719 births
1787 deaths
British Army generals
People educated at Westminster School, London
2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries

The 2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries and caucuses were a series of elections by the Democratic Party to select the about 3,979 pledged delegates to the Democratic National Convention. Those delegates picked the Democratic nominee for president of the United States in the 2020 United States presidential election.

The elections took place from February to August 2020 in all fifty U.S. states, the District of Columbia, five U.S. territories, and Democrats Abroad.

On June 5, 2020, Biden passed the threshold of 1,991 delegates, securing the nomination.

Background
The 2020 field of Democratic presidential candidates peaked at more than two dozen candidates. According to Politifact, this field is believed to be the largest field of presidential candidates for any American political party since 1972; it exceeds the field of 17 major candidates who sought the Republican presidential nomination in 2016. 

In May 2019, CBS News referred to the field of 2020 Democratic presidential candidates as "the largest and most diverse Democratic primary field in modern history", including at least six female presidential candidates.

Delegate votes
The new superdelegate reforms also regulate how the 2020 Democratic National Convention shall handle the outcome of primaries and caucuses for three potential scenarios:
 If a single candidate wins at least 2,268 pledged delegates: Superdelegates will be allowed to vote at first ballot, as their influence can not overturn the majority of pledged delegates.
 If a single candidate wins 1,886–2,267 pledged delegates: Superdelegates will be barred from voting at first ballot, which solely will be decided by the will of pledged delegates.
 If no candidate wins more than 1,885 pledged delegates: This will result in a contested convention, where superdelegates are barred from voting at the first formal ballot, but regain their right to vote for their preferred presidential nominee for all subsequent ballots needed until the delegates reach a majority.

Candidates

Nominees

Withdrawn

Primary and caucus calendar

Note: Due to COVID-19, most primaries after March 10 were rescheduled.

Timeline

Convention

The convention was scheduled to be held from July 13–16, 2020, at the Fiserv Forum in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Because of the COVID-19 pandemic, it was held from August 17–20. Most speakers did not go to the central location. Instead, they joined the convention from other places, using the internet.

Maps

Polling

Notes

References

February 2020 events
March 2020 events
April 2020 events
Democratic
2020 Democratic National Convention

The 2020 Democratic National Convention was a presidential nominating convention held August 17–20, 2020 at the Wisconsin Center in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. 

At the convention, delegates of the United States Democratic Party formally chose former Vice President Joe Biden for president and U.S. Senator Kamala Harris for vice president in the 2020 United States presidential election.

Originally scheduled to be held July 13–16, 2020 at the Fiserv Forum in Milwaukee, due to the ongoing coronavirus pandemic in the United States, the convention was postponed to August 17–20, 2020, and was later shrunk its capacity, with its location moved to city's Wisconsin Center.

Due to the pandemic, the format was different from other conventions, with most of the convention being held remotely from many venues across the country. While being a largely virtual convention, it was officially centered at the Wisconsin Center, where its production was headquartered and from where it was gaveled in and out each night.

Joe Solmonese, former President of the Human Rights Campaign, was named convention CEO in March 2019.

Every living former Democratic president (Jimmy Carter, Bill Clinton, Barack Obama) gave a speech, as well as a number of Republicans, including former Governor John Kasich of Ohio. Former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton and Senator Bernie Sanders also spoke at the convention.

References

2020 United States presidential election
2020s in Wisconsin
August 2020 events
Milwaukee, Wisconsin
United States presidential nominating conventions
2020 National Convention
Infanta Margarita, Duchess of Soria

Infanta Margarita of Spain, Duchess of Soria, 2nd Duchess of Hernani, Grandee of Spain (Margarita María de la Victoria Esperanza Jacoba Felicidad Perpetua de Todos los Santos de Borbón y Borbón; born 6 March 1939) is a member of the Spanish royal family. She is the younger sister of King Juan Carlos I and aunt of current King Felipe VI of Spain. Her parents were Infante Juan, Count of Barcelona and Princess María Mercedes of Bourbon-Two Sicilies. She also had other siblings, Infanta Pilar and Infante Alfonso.

Infanta Margarita was born in the Italian capital city Rome. She was born blind. Her family were exiled from Spain at the time of her birth. She has been married to Carlos Zurita since 1972. The couple have two children.

References

1939 births
Living people
Blind people
House of Bourbon
People from Rome
Spanish infantes and infantas
Chan Sek Keong

Chan Sek Keong  (born 5 November 1937) is a Singaporean former judge. He served as the third Chief Justice from 2006 until his retirement in 2012. He also served as Singapore's Attorney-General from 1992 to 2006.

Chan was born in Ipoh, Perak, Malaya. His family were ethnic Chinese of a Cantonese background.

References

1937 births
Living people
Attorneys general
Chief justices
Singaporean politicians
Mike Resnick

Michael Diamond Resnick (; March 5, 1942 – January 9, 2020) was an American science fiction writer under the name Mike Resnick. He won five Hugo Awards. He was executive editor of Jim Baen's Universe. Resnick was born in Chicago. He was best known for his novellas The Goddess of Ganymede, Stalking the Unicorn and Kirinyaga.

Resnick was diagnosed with an aggressive form of lymphoma in November 2019. He died from the disease at a hospital in Cincinnati, Ohio on January 9, 2020 at the age of 77.

References

Other websites
Bibliography - cleaner and easier to read than the one at the official site
Mike Resnick Papers at the University of South Florida
 Interview  (in French) sur actusf.com
 Interview by Michael A. Ventrella, July 2009
FantasyLiterature.com interviews Mike Resnick'
Mike Resnick Posts'

1942 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from lymphoma
Cancer deaths in Ohio
American science fiction writers
Writers from Chicago
Congress of Tucumán

The Congress of Tucumán was a meeting in San Miguel de Tucumán where people from what is now Argentina, Uruguay, and part of Bolivia declared Independence from the Spanish Empire on 9 July 1816.

References

Ministry of Education: Congress of Tucumán (in Spanish)

History of South America
History of Spain
Butternut squash

Butternut squash (Cucurbita moschata), sometimes known in Australia and New Zealand as butternut pumpkin or gramma, is a type of winter squash that grows on a vine. It has a sweet, nutty taste similar to that of a pumpkin. It has tan-yellow skin and orange fleshy pulp with a compartment of seeds in the blossom end.

References 

Cucurbitaceae
Fruits
Vegetables
Thanksgiving
Monarchy of Ireland

Ireland is mostly the Republic of Ireland (which does not have a monarchy) and partly Northern Ireland (whose monarch is Elizabeth II). Northern Ireland is part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, a constitutional monarchy. Until the 20th century, all Ireland had a constitutional monarchy and was a part of the United Kingdom since 1801. Monarchies were in existence through most of the history of Ireland.

In the High Middle Ages, the Gaelic kingdoms of Ireland ended when the Normans invaded Ireland. Ireland became a fief of the Papal States (the government of the Pope). The King of England's government started to control many of the lands of Ireland. This continued until the English Reformation, when the Kingdom of England got full ownership of Ireland. The Kingdom of Ireland came into existence in the reign of Henry VIII. Henry VIII was the first to be both King of England and King of Ireland.

The Kingdom of Ireland started in 1542. Before 1603, Ireland shared a monarch with the Kingdom of England (but not with the Kingdom of Scotland) in a personal union. When Henry VIII's daughter Elizabeth I died in 1603, James VI and I became the first to be King of Ireland, King of England, and King of Scotland in a three-kingdom personal union. Between 1603 and 1707, the Kingdom of Ireland shared the monarchs of the Kingdom of Scotland and the Kingdom of England. Anne was the Queen of Ireland when the United Kingdom of Great Britain came into existence in 1707. Anne was Queen of Ireland and Queen of Great Britain. Between 1707 and 1801, the Kingdom of Ireland shared the British monarchy with the United Kingdom of Great Britain. (During the government of Oliver Cromwell, the British Isles became a republic: the Commonwealth of England, Scotland, and Ireland.) George III was King of Ireland when the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland came into existence at the start of 1801. George III was the first to be king of the new kingdom, which combined the whole British Isles (except the Isle of Man) into one kingdom for the first time.

In December 1922, most of Ireland left the United Kingdom to become part of the Irish Free State, a dominion within the British Empire; the rest, Northern Ireland, remained within the United Kingdom. In 1937, after George V died, the Free State changed its laws to give the British monarchs much less power. In April 1949, the Republic of Ireland stopped having a monarchy entirely, and left the Commonwealth of Nations. Since then, the only part of Ireland to have a monarchy is Northern Ireland (because it is part of the United Kingdom). Elizabeth II is the present queen. Charles, Prince of Wales is the heir apparent.

References

Ireland
History of Europe
Monarchy
United Kingdom
Northern Ireland
British royalty
Bernt Andersson

Bernt "Sump-Hugo" Andersson (5 September 1933 – 6 January 2020) was a Swedish footballer and football manager. He made 91 Allsvenskan appearance for Djurgårdens IF and scored 19 goals. He managed Halmstads BK, Vasalunds IF and Helsingborgs IF.

Andersson died on 6 January 2020 at the age of 86.

References

Swedish footballers
Swedish football managers
1933 births
2020 deaths
Peter Renaday

Pierre Laurent Renoudet (born June 9, 1935), better known as Peter Renaday, is an American actor and voice actor. He was born in New Iberia, Louisiana. 

Renaday was known for his roles in The Batman Superman Movie: World's Finest, The Lion King II: Simba's Pride, Antz (1998), The Odd Couple II (1998), Mulan (1998), The Prince of Egypt (1998), Ringmaster (1998), Scooby-Doo! and the Witch's Ghost (1999), The Road to El Dorado (2000), Shrek (2001), Madagascar (2005) and The Princess and the Frog (2009).

References

Other websites
 Peter Renaday at Behind the Voice Actors

1935 births
Living people
American voice actors
American radio actors
American stage actors
American movie actors
American television actors
Actors from Louisiana
Iberia Parish, Louisiana

Iberia Parish (, ) is a parish in the U.S. state of Louisiana. As of the 2010 census, the population was 73,240. The parish seat is New Iberia.

References

19th-century establishments in Louisiana
1868 establishments in the United States
Louisiana parishes
Pete Dye

Paul B. "Pete" Dye (December 29, 1925 – January 9, 2020) was an American golf course designer. He was a member of a family of course designers. He was married to fellow designer and former amateur champion Alice Dye. 

Dye designed the Radrick Farms Golf Course for the University of Michigan in 1962, but the course did not open until 1965. Dye's first well-known course was Crooked Stick Golf Club in Carmel, Indiana, north of Indianapolis, begun in 1964.

Dye died on January 9, 2020 in Gulf Stream, Florida of dementia-related problems at the age of 94.

References

Other websites
Pete Dye Golf Club
American Society of Golf Course Architects profile
Bio from Dye Designs
Time – Top 10 Most Difficult Golf Courses Pete Dye nickname Marquis de Sod (Doc D.) 

1925 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from dementia
Disease-related deaths in Florida
American golfers
American architects
People from Ohio
Urbana, Ohio

Urbana is a city in and the county seat of Champaign County, Ohio, United States,  west of Columbus. The population was 11,405 in 2017. It is the home of Urbana University.

References

Cities in Ohio
County seats in Ohio
Champaign County, Ohio

Champaign County is a county located in the U.S. state of Ohio. As of the 2010 census, the population was 40,097. Its county seat is Urbana.

References

1800s establishments in Ohio
1805 establishments in the United States
Ohio counties
Alice Dye

Alice Dye (February 19, 1927 – February 1, 2019) was an American amateur golfer and golf course designer. She was known as the "First Lady" of golf architecture in the United States. She was married to Pete Dye. She was born in Indianapolis, Indiana. 

She was a member of the USGA Women's Committee, the LPGA Advisory Council and a member of the Board of Directors of the Women's Western Amateur who honored her with their Woman of Distinction Award. She and her husband established a golf training program at Purdue University.

Dye died on February 1, 2019 in Gulf Stream, Florida at the age of 91.

References

Other websites
American Society of Golf Course Architects profile

American golfers
1927 births
2019 deaths
American architects
Sportspeople from Indianapolis, Indiana
Gulf Stream, Florida

Gulf Stream is a town in Palm Beach County, Florida, United States. The population was 716 at the 2000 census.

References

Towns in Florida
Palm Beach County, Florida
Dick Saslaw

Richard Lawrence Saslaw (born February 5, 1940) is an American politician. He is a Democrat. He was in the Virginia House of Delegates from 1976 to 1980. He was elected to the Senate of Virginia. 

Saslaw has been the leader of the Virginia Senate Democrats since 1998, and is the current Majority Leader since 2020. He was Minority Leader 1998 through 2008 and again from 2012 through 2014.

He ran for Congress in Virginia's 8th congressional district in 1984. He was defeated by then-Congressman Stanford Parris. He was born in Washington, D.C..

References

Other websites
 Constituent/campaign website
 Senate of Virginia profile
 Past member search for Richard Saslaw, from the Virginia House of Delegates
 Richmond Sunlight website
 Virginia Public Access Project
 Profile at Project Vote Smart

1940 births
Living people
State legislators of the United States
Politicians from Virginia
Politicians from Washington, D.C.
People from Alexandria, Virginia
US Democratic Party politicians
Woodlands North MRT station

Woodlands North MRT station (TE1) is a underground Mass Rapid Transit terminal station in Woodlands, Singapore. It is  located near Republic Polytechnic. The station is the northern terminal of the Thomson–East Coast line (TEL).

A planned Johor Bahru–Singapore Rapid Transit System (RTS) at this station was delayed on 21 May 2019. This is due to Malaysia's financial situation. On 31 October 2019, Malaysia agreed to resume the RTS project at a lower cost although the project is still suspended until 30 April 2020.

History
This station was first announced on 29 August 2012 by then Transport Minister Lui Tuck Yew.

Contract T202 which involves the construction of this station was awarded to Penta-Ocean Construction Co Ltd on 29 November 2013. The cost is S$337 million. Construction of the station began in early 2014.

The station was planned to be open by the end of 2019 as part of the first stage of the TEL. However the station's opening was later changed to 31 January 2020.

References

Related pages
Mass Rapid Transit (Singapore)

Mass Rapid Transit (Singapore) stations
Woodlands, Singapore
Woodlands South MRT station

Woodlands South MRT station (TE3) is a Mass Rapid Transit station on the Thomson–East Coast line in Woodlands, Singapore. It islocated directly under Christ Church Secondary School and near Singapore Sports School. 

The tracks between this station and Springleaf station are the longest on the Thomson–East Coast line.

The station served as a terminus of the Thomson–East Coast line from 31 January 2020 until the opening of second phase of the line on August 28, 2021. Caldecott then serve as the terminus.

History
This station was first announced on 29 August 2012 by then Transport Minister Lui Tuck Yew.

Contract T205 which involves the construction of this station was awarded to Woh Hup Private Limited on 23 August 2013. The station costs is S$144 million Construction of the station started in early 2014. 

The station was planned to be open by the end of 2019 as part of the first stage of the TEL. However the station's opening was later changed to 31 January 2020.

References

Related pages
Mass Rapid Transit (Singapore)

Mass Rapid Transit (Singapore) stations
Woodlands, Singapore
Lawrence v. Texas

Lawrence v. Texas, 539 US 558 (2003), is the primary piece of case law which ultimately decriminalized sodomy in the United States. Ruled upon by the United States Supreme Court in 2003, Lawrence v. Texas concerned a Texas law that criminalized consensual, adult homosexual intercourse which was found unconstitutional under the Due Process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.

Background of the case 
Houston Police were tipped off to a weapons disturbance purportedly from the residence of John Lawrence. Upon entering the apartment, police found Lawrence and Tyron Garner engaging in sexual intercourse. At the time, a statute was in place which banned such homosexual sex acts and further deemed homosexuality a "deviance." Both Lawrence and Garner were arrested and convicted under this statute.

Upon appeal, the Texas State Court of Appeals affirmed the men's convictions citing Bowers v. Hardwick, 478 US 186 (1986), as the controlling case.

Lawrence filed for certiorari to the Supreme Court which was granted in 2003.

Ruling 
In a 6-3 decision, the Supreme Court voted to overturn Lawrence's conviction and declared the Texas anti-sodomy statute unconstitutional. The decision hinged on the right of Lawrence and Garner to engage in private conduct under the Due Process Clause. Justice Anthony Kennedy, writing the majority opinion, stated "[Lawrence and Garner's] right to liberty under the Due Process Clause gives them the full right to engage in their conduct without intervention of the government." The decision to overturn Bowers v. Hardwick was 5-4, with Justice O'Connor (a member of the Bowers majority back in 1986) refusing to overturn Bowers and instead supporting the Lawrence ruling on narrower Equal Protection grounds because the challenged Texas law made male-male sodomy illegal but not male-female sodomy.

Criticism
In a 2004 law review article, U.S. law professors Nelson Lund and John McGinnis criticized Lawrence v. Texas due to its alleged judicial hubris and expressed fears that its extremely broad language could have unexpected consequences in the long(er)-run.

Related pages
United States Obscenity Law

References

Further reading 
Carpenter, Dale. (2012). Flagrant Conduct: The Story of Lawrence V. Texas. New York, NY: W.W. Norton & Co. Inc.

2003 in Texas
LGBT in the United States
Paraphilias
United States Supreme Court cases
Fever Crumb (series)

The Fever Crumb Series is a fantasy novel series by British author, Philip Reeve.

Books 
 Fever Crumb
 A Web of Air
 Scrivener's Moon

Predator Cities
List of Mortal Engines Quartet and Fever Crumb characters

This is a list of characters in the Mortal Engines Quartet and the Fever Crumb series.

Main characters

Hester Shaw

Hester Shaw is a teenager who possesses a scar.

Tom Natsworthy

Tom Natsworthy is a Apprentice Historian.

Anna Fang

Anna Fang is an aviator and friend of Tom and Hester. Dies during the battle with Thaddeus Valentine. Becomes a stalker and a ruler of the Green Storm.

Kit Solent/Shrike

Shrike, formerly known as Kit Solent, is a stalker.

References

Characters
Lists of fictional characters
Voiced alveolar fricative

The voiced alveolar fricative is a type of consonant. The letter for this sound in the International Phonetic Alphabet is ⟨⟩. The X-SAMPA symbol for this sound is ⟨z⟩.

Features

Examples

References

Consonants
Hester Shaw

Hester Shaw, later known as Hester Natsworthy, is the lead heroine of Philip Reeve's Mortal Engines Quartet.

Background and life
Hester Shaw, aged around fifteen at the beginning of the Quartet, is the daughter of Thaddeus Valentine and Pandora Shaw. She was raised by Shrike.

Hester is portrayed as having copper hair and gray eyes. She has a scar which cut her face from forehead to jaw, a wrenched mouth, a stump nose, and a single eye.

The character's surname comes from Shaugh Prior.

Role
In the first novel of the Mortal Engines Quartet (known in US as The Hungry City Chronicles), Mortal Engines, her botched assassination attempt on Thaddeus Valentine led to Tom Natsworthy and set off a chain of events that would change a course of history.

In other media
In the Mortal Engines student short film made in 2009, Alyssa Burnett plays Hester. One of her photos are mistakenly identified as a cosplay.

There is a 28mm figure based on Hester Shaw.

In Mortal Engines, the film adaptation of the first book, Hester is portrayed by twenty-eight-year-old Icelandic actress Hera Hilmar as an adult, while the young Hester is played by New Zealand child actress Poppy Macleod. Her scar is heavily toned down, and she is aged to her twenties. Hilmar described her character as challenging to play. Christian Rivers, the director of the film, addressed the fan criticism over Hester's scar, stating that audiences would be "put off the film" if it were more true to the books. The author acknowledged the difference. Other changes include: she lost her mother when she was eight and she fought Valentine aboard his airship.

Related pages
 Mortal Engines Quartet

References

Predator Cities
Mr. Toad

Mister Toad, known professionally characteries Mr Toad, was a fictional character in DC Comics. His appearance is a homage in the ITV soap opera The Wind in the Willows.

Fictional animals
Eyewitness

An eyewitness (ˈīˌwitnəs) is a person who sees an action taking place, or one who uses an object (like a camera) to see it.
The Wind in the Willows (TV series)

The Wind in the Willows is a British stop motion animated television series shown by the ITV network from 1984 to 1990 based on Kenneth Grahame's 1908 story The Wind in the Willows. It stars David Jason, Richard Pearson, Michael Hordern, Ian Carmichael, Peter Sallis, Brian Trueman, Jimmy Hibbert, Daphne Oxenford, and Emma Chambers.

Animated television series
1984 television series debuts
1990 television series endings
ITV television programmes
2020 Republican Party presidential primaries

<noinclude>

The 2020 Republican Party presidential primaries and caucuses were a series of elections which took place in many U.S. state's, the District of Columbia, and five U.S. territories. These elections selected the 2,550 delegates to send to the Republican National Convention. The Republican National Convention selected the Republican Party's nominee in the 2020 election. 

On March 17, Donald Trump won more than half of the delegates for the election and became the presumptive nominee. Later, on August 24, the delegates voted for Trump as the official nominee.

Background
Donald Trump launched his bid for re-election on February 18, 2017. Other candidates who ran were Bill Weld, Joe Walsh,and Mark Sanford. Mark Sandord launched the third primary challenge on September 8, 2019 and withdrew from the race two months later.

In February 2019, the Republican National Committee voted to provide undivided support to Trump. Seven states have decided to cancel their primaries and caucuses.

Candidates

Nominee

Other candidates

Convention site

On July 20, 2018, the Republican National Convention chose Charlotte, North Carolina as the site for their 2020 national convention. The convention will be held between August 24 to August 27.

Convention site

On July 20, 2018, the Republican National Convention chose Charlotte, North Carolina as the site for their 2020 national convention. The convention will be held between August 24 to August 27.

Timeline

Notes

References

United States Republican Party
United States presidential primary elections
Republican
Jacksonville International Airport

Jacksonville International Airport (IATA: JAX, ICAO: KJAX, FAA LID: JAX), is the primary international airport serving northeast Florida.  The airport is located 15 miles north of downtown Jacksonville.

Airports in Florida
Jacksonville, Florida
2020 Republican National Convention

The 2020 Republican National Convention was an event in which delegates of the United States Republican Party selected the party's nominees for president and vice president in the 2020 United States presidential election. 

Plans to hold a traditional large-scale convention were canceled a few weeks before the convention, due to the 2020 coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic in the United States. 

The convention was held from August 24 to 27, 2020. The convention renominated Donald Trump for president and Mike Pence for vice president.

The convention was originally scheduled to be held at the Spectrum Center in Charlotte, North Carolina, but on June 2, 2020, Trump and the Republican National Committee pulled the event from Charlotte, the North Carolina state government declined to agree to Trump's demand to allow the convention to take place with a full crowd and without public health measures to prevent the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. Trump then announced that the convention would be moved to Jacksonville, Florida, before canceling Jacksonville convention plans on July 23. Some convention proceedings, albeit dramatically reduced in scale, were held in Charlotte. 

In August 2020, Trump said he would accept the Republican nomination live from the White House. Over 1500 gathered in front of the White House to watch. People were seated  close together, so it did not follow social distancing.

References

Republican
Smithtown, New York

Smithtown is a town in Suffolk County, New York, United States. It is on the North Shore of Long Island. This town is an eastern suburb of New York City.

The population was 117,801 at the 2010 Census.

References

Towns in New York
Ivan Passer

Ivan Passer (10 July 1933 – 9 January 2020) was a Czech-American movie director and screenwriter. He was born in Prague. He studied with Miloš Forman, Václav Havel and Jerzy Skolimowski. He directed his first feature, Intimate Lighting, which was released in 1965.

Passer died on January 9, 2020 in Reno, Nevada of problems caused by chronic obstructive pulmonary disease at the age of 86.

References

Other websites

1933 births
2020 deaths
Deaths from COPD
American movie directors
American screenwriters
Writers from Prague
The Alexander Brothers

The Alexander Brothers were an easy-listening folk-music duo from Scotland, who had been performing since they began in the 1950s. They retired in 2012. 

The band was made up of brothers: Tom Alexander (1934–2020) and Jack Alexander (1935–2013). They were born in Thrashbush Avenue Cambusnethan, near Wishaw, Scotland.

Their biggest hit single was "Nobody's Child" in 1964. It sold more copies in Scotland that year than did recordings by The Beatles. Their other hits include "These Are My Mountains", "The Northern Lights of Old Aberdeen", "Bonnie Wee Jeannie McColl", and "Two Highland Lads".

On 2 November 2013, Jack Alexander died aged 77. On 10 January 2020, the death of Tom Alexander was announced.  He was 85.

References

1934 births
1935 births
2013 deaths
2020 deaths
Scottish musical groups
Musical duos
John Crosbie

John Carnell Crosbie,  (January 30, 1931 – January 10, 2020) was a Canadian politician. He was the 12th Lieutenant Governor of Newfoundland and Labrador from 2008 through 2013.

He worked as a federal Cabinet minister during the governments of Joe Clark and Brian Mulroney. 

Crosbie ran unsuccessfully for the leadership of the Liberal Party of Newfoundland and Labrador in 1969, losing to Smallwood, and was also a candidate in the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada's 1983 leadership election, placing third. 

Crosbie died on January 10, 2020 after a short-illness at the age of 88.

References

Other websites

1931 births
2020 deaths
Canadian politicians
People from Newfoundland and Labrador
Privy Councillors (Canada)
Members of the House of Commons of Canada
Canadian Queen's Counsel
Werewolf (hidden role game)

Werewolf is a hidden role game made by Dmitry Davidoff in 1986. It is also called Mafia. The game is usually between two teams. There is an evil team that less players belong to. This group knows who is good and who is evil. They have to hide that they are evil from the good team. There is the good team, called the village, that has most of the players. People in this team have to find out who is good and bad. Everyone is given their role at the beginning of the game by a person who is not playing, called a moderator. The game has two stages, day and night. At night, everyone closes their eyes. The moderator tells the evil team to open their eyes. They choose someone to kill or remove from the game. Some other roles on both teams can do things at night. In the day, everyone opens their eyes. The players that are still alive will talk to each other about everyone's roles. They also each choose someone to kill, and the person that the most people choose will be killed. The game keeps going until only the members from one team are left.

History 
Dmitry Davidoff (, Dmitry Davydov) is usually said to have made the game. He says he first made the game in Spring 1987 at the Psychology department of Moscow State University. He made it to do psychology research and his job of teaching high school students. It got popular in other Soviet colleges and school in the 1990s. It also started to be played in some parts of Europe and the United States.

Andrew Plotkin made a werewolf theme for the mafia rules in 1997. He said that mafia was not that big of a cultural reference. He also said that werewolves made sense in the rules. Werewolves are bad creatures that hide in the day. Many science fiction writer groups and people at tech events started playing mafia.

A person with the username "mithrandir" ran a game of werewolf on the website The Grey Labyrinth's forum in August 2000. The Grey Labyrinth is a website about solving puzzles. The website says that this was the first werewolf game that was played on a forum.

Some parents in Rockingham complained to a school there. They were scared of bad effects that the game could have on their kids. Davidoff said that the game could "teach kids to distinguish right from wrong." He also said that the good lesson of being honest was stronger than the scariness of the game.

About.com said that Werewolf one of the 50 most important games since 1890.

Playing 
Simpler games have players put into two teams. This is the evil team and the good team. The evil team is called the werewolves. The good team is called the village. Games will need someone who is not playing. This person is called the moderator. Everyone will get a card before the game starts. This card will give them a role. Each role is part of a team. The role might also have powers. These powers can do many things. An example is finding out a player's team.

The game has two stages. These are night and day. At night the werewolves open their eyes. They silently choose who to kill. At day all players vote on someone to lynch. The village also finds out who was killed at night.

References
Naomi Scott

Naomi Grace Scott (born 6 May 1993) is an English actress and singer. She is best known for starring as Princess Jasmine in Disney's musical fantasy movie Aladdin (2019). She also starred in Power Rangers (2017) and the action comedy movie Charlie's Angels (2019).

References

1993 births
Living people
English movie actors
English television actors
English stage actors
English voice actors
Actors from London
Singers from London
Damüls

Damüls is a municipality and popular tourism resort in Bregenz in the Austrian state of Vorarlberg. Damüls also holds the world record of the municipality with the most annual snowfall in Europe – the average is 9.30 meters per year. In 2006, Damüls was awarded the honorary title "the snowiest village in the world".

References

Other websites 

 Official website of Damüls 

Settlements in Vorarlberg
Schwarzach, Vorarlberg

Schwarzach is a municipality in Bregenz in the Austrian state of Vorarlberg.

References 

Settlements in Vorarlberg
David Dixon Porter

David Dixon Porter (June 8, 1813 – February 13, 1891) was a United States Navy admiral. Porter helped improve the Navy as the Superintendent of the U.S. Naval Academy after significant service in the American Civil War.

He died at the age of 77 on the morning of February 13, 1891 of a heart attack.

Porter is interred at Arlington National Cemetery.

References

1813 births
1891 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Burials at Arlington National Cemetery
American military people
People from Pennsylvania
Schröcken

Schröcken is a municipality in Bregenz in the Austrian state of Vorarlberg.

References 

Settlements in Vorarlberg
Chester, Pennsylvania

Chester is a city in Delaware County, Pennsylvania, United States. With a population of 33,972 at the 2010 census, it is the largest city in Delaware County. It is located on the western bank of the Delaware River between the cities of Philadelphia and Wilmington, Delaware.

References

Cities in Pennsylvania
Mittelberg

Mittelberg is a municipality in Bregenz in the Austrian state of Vorarlberg.

References 

Settlements in Vorarlberg
Navid Negahban

Navid Negahban (; born June 2, 1968) is an Iranian-American actor. He has appeared on 24, Homeland, Mistresses and as Amahl Farouk / Shadow King in the second and third seasons of FX's Legion.

He has also starred as The Sultan in the live-action remake of Aladdin.

References

Other websites

1968 births
Living people
Naturalized citizens of the United States
American movie actors
American voice actors
American stage actors
American television actors
Iranian actors
Tom Natsworthy

Tom Natsworthy is the lead protagonist of Philip Reeve's Mortal Engines Quartet trilogy.

Role
In the first novel of the Mortal Engines Quartet (known in US as The Hungry City Chronicles), Mortal Engines, he starts with an ordinary teenager who is an apprentice historian.

In other media
In Mortal Engines, the film adaptation of the first book, Hester is portrayed by twenty-nine-year-old Irish actor Robert Sheehan as an adult.

Related pages
 Mortal Engines Quartet

References

Predator Cities
Schwarzenberg, Austria

Schwarzenberg is a municipality in Bregenz in the Austrian state of Vorarlberg. It is in the Bregenz Forest.

Schwarzenberg is south of Lake Constance.

References 

Settlements in Vorarlberg
Sibratsgfäll

Sibratsgfäll is a municipality in Bregenz in the Austrian state of Vorarlberg.

References 

Settlements in Vorarlberg
Warth, Vorarlberg

Warth is a municipality in Bregenz in the Austrian state of Vorarlberg. As of 1 January 2019, 164 people lived there.

References 

Settlements in Vorarlberg
Count Duckula

Count Duckula is a British animated comedy horror television series created by the British studio Cosgrove Hall Films and produced by Thames Television as a spin off sequel DangerMouse a series which the character.

It was cast by Brian Trueman, David Jason, Jimmy Hibbert, Barry Clayton, Jack May, Ruby Wax and Susan Sheridan.

1980s British television series
1980s Nickelodeon shows
1980s animated television series
1988 television series debuts
1990s British television series
1990s animated television series
1993 television series endings
Fictional ducks
Horror television series
ITV television programmes
English-language television programs
Altach

Altach is a municipality in Feldkirch in the Austrian state of Vorarlberg.

References

Other websites 

 Official website of Altach 

Settlements in Vorarlberg
Düns

Düns is a municipality in Feldkirch in the Austrian state of Vorarlberg.

References 

Settlements in Vorarlberg
Dünserberg

Dünserberg is a municipality in Feldkirch in the Austrian state of Vorarlberg. It is the smallest municipality by population in Vorarlberg.

References 

Settlements in Vorarlberg
Parts per million

Parts per million is a unit which expresses a small amount of dimensionless quantities. Proportionally, parts per million represents one thousandth of a millilitre of something per litre of water, or one milligram of something per kilogram of soil.

Chemical nomenclature
Units of measurement
Hal Smith (infielder)

Harold Wayne Smith (December 7, 1930 – January 9, 2020) was an American professional baseball player. He played in Major League Baseball from 1955 to 1964. He played for five different teams. During the 1960 World Series, he was a member of the Pittsburgh Pirates. 

Smith died on January 9, 2020 in Columbus, Texas at the age 89.

References

1930 births
2020 deaths
Baltimore Orioles players
Cincinnati Reds players
Houston Astros players
Pittsburgh Pirates players
Kansas City Athletics players
Sportspeople from Illinois
Guido Messina

Guido Messina (4 January 1931 – 10 January 2020) was an Italian road and track cyclist. He won a gold medal with the Italian team at the 1952 Olympics. Between 1954 and 1963 he rode professionally and won the first stage of the 1955 Giro d'Italia. He was born in Monreale, Italy.

Messina died on 10 January 2020 in Torino, Italy at the age of 89.

References

Other websites
 
 
 

1931 births
2020 deaths
Italian cyclists
Italian Olympians
Olympic gold medalists
Viktorsberg

Viktorsberg is a municipality in Feldkirch in the Austrian state of Vorarlberg.

References 

Settlements in Vorarlberg
Göfis

Göfis is a municipality in Feldkirch in the Austrian state of Vorarlberg.

References 

Settlements in Vorarlberg
Kufstein District

The Kufstein District is a district in Tyrol, Austria. It borders Bavaria (Germany) in the north, the Kitzbühel district in the southeast, and the Schwaz district in the southwest. It has an area of 969.81 km². As of 2012, 101,321 people lived there. The administrative center is Kufstein.

The district has the lower part of the Tyrolean Inn valley as far as the Bavarian border, the Alpbach valley, the Brandenberg valley, Wildschönau, and Thiersee. Mountain ranges within the district include the Brandenberg Alps, Kitzbühel Alps, and the Kaisergebirge. The largest lakes are the Reintal lakes, Thiersee, Hechtsee, Hintersteiner See and Walchsee.

Places 
The district has 30 municipalities, three of them are towns, and two of them are market towns.

Towns 
 Kufstein
 Rattenberg
 Wörgl

Market towns 
 Brixlegg
 Kundl

Municipalities 
 Alpbach
 Angath
 Angerberg
 Bad Häring
 Brandenberg
 Breitenbach am Inn
 Ebbs
 Ellmau
 Erl
 Kirchbichl
 Kramsach
 Langkampfen
 Mariastein
 Münster
 Niederndorf
 Niederndorferberg
 Radfeld
 Reith im Alpbachtal
 Rettenschöss
 Scheffau am Wilden Kaiser
 Schwoich
 Söll
 Thiersee
 Walchsee
 Wildschönau

Districts of Tyrol (state)
Dave Lamb

Dave Lamb (born 17 January 1969), instead of David Alexander Lamb or David Lamb, is an English comedian, television presenter and voice actor. He is best known for presenting Come Dine with Me, Goodness Gracious Me and Horrible Histories: Gory Games.

Other websites 
 

1969 births
English voice actors
English comedians
English television presenters
People from Westminster
Actors from London
Living people
Landeck District

The Landeck District () is a in Tyrol, Austria. It is next to Reutte to the north, Imst to the east, South Tyrol (Italy) and Graubünden (Switzerland) to the south, and Bludenz (Vorarlberg) to the west.

Its area is 1,595 km². As of 2015, 43,886 people lived there. The administrative center is Landeck.

Places 
The district has 30 municipalities, one of which is a town.

Towns 
 Landeck

Municipalities 
 Faggen
 Fendels
 Fiss
 Fließ
 Flirsch
 Galtür
 Grins
 Ischgl
 Kappl
 Kaunerberg
 Kaunertal
 Kauns
 Ladis
 Nauders
 Pettneu am Arlberg
 Pfunds
 Pians
 Prutz
 Ried im Oberinntal
 Sankt Anton am Arlberg
 Schönwies
 See
 Serfaus
 Spiss
 Stanz bei Landeck
 Strengen
 Tobadill
 Tösens
 Zams

Districts of Tyrol (state)
Galen Cole

Galen Cole (November 29, 1925 – January 9, 2020) was an American military personnel of World War II and philanthropist. He was born in Bangor, Maine, Cole managed the Cole Land Transportation Museum and the Walking Sticks for Veterans program. He organized many activities and charity drives for veterans and related causes in Bangor. He was part of the United States Marines and was a Purple Heart recipient.

Cole died on January 9, 2020 in Bangor at the age of 94.

References

People from Bangor, Maine
1925 births
2020 deaths
Businesspeople from Maine
American military personnel of World War II
American philanthropists
Wolfgang Dauner

Wolfgang Dauner (30 December 1935 – 10 January 2020) was a German jazz fusion pianist. He worked in the United Jazz and Rock Ensemble and with Hans Koller, Albert Mangelsdorff, Volker Kriegel and Ack van Rooyen. In 1969, he was leader and composer for Radio Jazz Group Stuttgart. A year later he started the jazz rock band Et Cetera.

Dauner died on 10 January 2020 in Stuttgart, Germany at the age of 84.

References

1935 births
2020 deaths
German pianists
Jazz musicians
People from Stuttgart
20th-century German composers
21st-century German composers
Bildungsroman

A Bildungsroman is a kind of novel. It is often called a "coming-of-age" story in English. The word comes from German. "Bildung" means "education", and "Roman", means "novel."  This genre is about the psychological and moral growth of the main character from youth to adulthood.  The ways the character changes are important.

References

Genres
The Day Before the Revolution

"The Day Before the Revolution" is a  science fiction short story by American writer Ursula K. Le Guin, first published in 1974.

It is a short story that happens before the story in the novel The Dispossessed. The main character is "Odo". She is the woman who led the revolution that started the anarchist society in The Dispossessed.

References

Short stories
Science fiction
Puppy Dog Pals

The Puppy Dog Pals is a Disney Junior cartoon. In it, pug dogs Bingo and Rolly go on adventures while their master, Bob, is out the house.

The pups are with a cat named Hissy and another dog, Jackie, sometimes.

The television series began on the Disney Junior on April 14, 2017.

Awards and nominations

References

Television series by Disney
2017 establishments
English-language television programs
PJ Masks

The PJ Masks is an animated children's television series. It began on the Disney Junior on September 18, 2015, on France 5 on 18 December 2015 and on the Disney Junior in Canada on February 7, 2016. The series is based on the Les Pyjamasques book series by Romuald Racioppo.

Three 6 year old kids, Amaya, Connor and Greg become the fictional characters Owlette (an owl), Catboy (a cat) and Gekko (a lizard), or the PJ Masks. Together, the characters save the day and seldom lose.

The villains of the show include Night Ninja, Romeo and Luna Girl.

Awards and nominations

References

Television series by Disney
Animated television series
2015 establishments
English-language television programs
Camille Schrier

Camille Thomasina Schrier (born June 30, 1995) is the 2020 Miss America. In June 2019, she was crowned Miss Virginia 2019.

Schrier began competing in pageants at age 14.

Schrier represented Virginia at the 2020 Miss America Pageants.

References

Beauty pageant winners
People from Virginia
1995 births
Living people