cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Agilodocodon

Agilodocodon was a shrew-sized docodont from the Middle Jurassic. It is the earliest known tree-climbing mammal-like therapsid.

Agilodocodon scansorius was about 13 centimeters from head to tail, and weighed about 27 grams. Its appearance was similar to a squirrel, with a long snout, curved, horny claws and flexible ankle and wrist joints typical of modern arboreal mammals. The front teeth were spade-like, indicating that Agilodocodon scansorius could gnaw tree bark and eat gum or sap.

This interpretation is questioned by another palaeontologist. He thinks Agilodocodon'''s teeth "are quite different" from the modern sap-eating monkeys, and the long, thin lower jaw seems too weak for gnawing tree bark.

 Discovery 
The fossils of Agilodocodon scansorius, with  the mole-like Docofossor brachydactylus, were found by farmers in the Chinese Tiaojishan Formation. They were got and examined by the Beijing Museum of Natural History. The species Agilodocodon scansorius was reported in the journal Science'' in 2015.

References

Docodonts
Docodonta

Docodonta is an order or suborder of extinct mammaliaforms. They lived during the mid- to late-Mesozoic era.  

They had sophisticated molars, from which the suborder gets its name. In the fossil record, isolated teeth and bits of jawbones are found.  

Docodonts are not quite as closely related to the placentals and marsupials as the monotremes are, so they are not included among the  crown-group mammals. 

Because of their molars and their lower jaw being a single bone (the dentary), they are generally regarded as mammals. However, those authors who limit the term "Mammalia" to the (living) crown group exclude docodonts. They use the term mammaliaformes instead.

Docodonts were primarily herbivorous or insectivorous. However, Castorocauda, adapted to a semi-aquatic life, has teeth which suggest it ate fish.

Castorocauda is important because the first find was an almost complete skeleton (a real luxury in paleontology). It breaks the "small nocturnal insectivore" stereotype.
It was noticeably larger than most Mesozoic mammaliaform fossils, and gives absolutely certain evidence of hair and fur. Of course, this strongly suggests mammalian-type temperature regulation.

Related pages 
Agilodocodon
Castorocauda

References
Squamosal bone

The squamosal is a bone of the head of higher vertebrates. It is the main part of the cheek region in the skull, towards the back and lower part of the skull.

In mammals, including humans, it fuses with other bones to form the temporal bone. It is then called the 'squama temporalis'. 

In therapsids (including mammal ancestors) the lower jaw is simplified into just the dentary. This hinges against the squamous part of the temporal bone. It is referred to as a 'dentary-squamosal jaw'.

References 

Bones
Bones of the skull
Kallinge

Kallinge is a locality in Ronneby Municipality in Blekinge County in Sweden. In 2010, 4,561 people lived there.

References 

Settlements in Blekinge County
The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug

The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug is a 2013 epic fantasy and adventure movie. The movie is about Bilbo Baggins going with Thorin Oakenshield and his dwarves to reclaim Lonely Mountain from the dragon Smaug. Benedict Cumberbatch plays Smaug. Evangeline Lilly plays the elf Tauriel.

Ed Sheeran's "I See Fire" plays during the movie's end credits.

The movie took in over $960 million overall. This is more than both The Fellowship of the Ring and The Two Towers. It is the fourth highest-grossing film of 2013 and the 34th highest-grossing film of all time.

Reception worldwide 
Outside North America, The Desolation of Smaug was released  internationally on 16,405 screens. The film earned $135.4 million in its opening weekend. Its largest openings occurred in China ($33.0 million), Germany ($19.0 million) and the United Kingdom, Ireland and Malta ($15.2 million). It topped the box office outside North America on four consecutive weekends and five in total. It is the highest-grossing film of 2013 in many European countries.

Cast
 Ian McKellen as Gandalf
 Martin Freeman as Bilbo Baggins
 Richard Armitage as Thorin
 Ken Stott as Balin
 Graham McTavish as Dwalin
 William Kircher as Bifur
 James Nesbitt as Bofur
 Stephen Hunter as Bombur
 Dean O'Gorman as Fili
 Aidan Turner as Kili
 John Callen as Oin
 Peter Hambleton as Gloin
 Jed Brophy as Nori
 Mark Hadlow as Dori
 Adam Brown as Ori
 Orlando Bloom as Legolas
 Evangeline Lilly as Tauriel
 Lee Pace as Thranduil
 Cate Blanchett as Galadriel
 Benedict Cumberbatch as Smaug/Necromancer
 Mikael Persbrandt as Beorn
 Sylvester McCoy as Radagast
 Antony Sher as Thrain
 Luke Evans as Bard the Bowman
 Stephen Fry as Master of Lake-town
 Ryan Gage as Alfrid
 John Bell as Bain
 Peggy Nesbitt as Sigrid
 Mary Nesbitt as Tilda
 Manu Bennett as Azog
 Lawrence Makoare as Bolg
 Ben Mitchell as Narzog
 Stephen Ure as Fimbul
 Craig Hall as Galion
 Robin Kerr as Elros
 Eli Kent as Lethuin
 Simon London as Feren

References

Other websites
 
 

2010s fantasy movies
2010s action movies
2013 movies
The Hobbit (movie series)
New Zealand movies
American fantasy movies
American action movies
Movies directed by Peter Jackson
New Line Cinema movies
Prequel movies
Screenplays by Guillermo del Toro
The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies

The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies is a 2014 action, fantasy and adventure movie. It is about the dwarves and Bilbo having accidentally released the dragon Smaug. Bard the Bowman breaks out of prison and fights Smaug. Lee Pace plays Thranduil. Orlando Bloom plays Legolas. Evangeline Lilly plays Tauriel. Christopher Lee plays Saruman. Hugo Weaving plays Elrond. Cate Blanchett plays Galadriel.

The movie took in over $939 million overall. It got very positive reviews from critics.

Cast
 Ian McKellen as Gandalf
 Martin Freeman as Bilbo Baggins
 Richard Armitage as Thorin
 Ken Stott as Balin
 Graham McTavish as Dwalin
 William Kircher as Bifur
 James Nesbitt as Bofur
 Stephen Hunter as Bombur
 Dean O'Gorman as Fili
 Aidan Turner as Kili
 John Callen as Oin
 Peter Hambleton as Gloin
 Jed Brophy as Nori
 Mark Hadlow as Dori
 Adam Brown as Ori
 Orlando Bloom as Legolas
 Evangeline Lilly as Tauriel
 Lee Pace as Thranduil
 Cate Blanchett as Galadriel
 Hugo Weaving as Elrond
 Christopher Lee as Saruman
 Ian Holm as Old Bilbo
 Benedict Cumberbatch as Smaug/Necromancer
 Mikael Persbrandt as Beorn
 Sylvester McCoy as Radagast
 Luke Evans as Bard the Bowman
 Stephen Fry as Master of Lake-town
 Ryan Gage as Alfrid
 John Bell as Bain
 Peggy Nesbitt as Sigrid
 Mary Nesbitt as Tilda
 Manu Bennett as Azog
 John Tui as Bolg
 Billy Connolly as Dain
 Simon London as Feren
 Conan Stevens as Keeper of the Dungeons
 Allan Smith as Ragash

Other websites

2010s fantasy movies
2010s action movies
2014 movies
New Zealand movies
American fantasy movies
American action movies
The Hobbit (movie series)
Movies directed by Peter Jackson
New Line Cinema movies
Prequel movies
Screenplays by Guillermo del Toro
Antoine of Navarre

Antoine de Bourbon, duc de Vendôme, also called Antoine of Navarre (22 April 1518 – 17 November 1562) was the King of Navarre through his marriage (jure uxoris) to Queen Jeanne III, from 1555 until his death. He was the founder of the Royal House of Bourbon. Antoine was the father of Henry IV of France.

References 

1518 births
1562 deaths
House of Bourbon
I See Fire

"I See Fire" is a song from the movie The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug. It is played during the end credits. It was performed by Ed Sheeran. The song hit #1 in New Zealand.

The song was released in November 2013.

References

Pop songs
2013 songs
Assistant secretary

Assistant Secretary is a title used by politicians or government officials in certain countries. These are often junior ministers assigned to a specific cabinet minister.

Australia
The level of Assistant Secretary is a position in the Government of Australia (also referred to as the Australian Government, Commonwealth Government or the Australian Federal Government). The position falls under the Australian Public Service Act 1999, and holds the level of Senior Executive Service (SES) Level Band 1. The position also holds several other titles such as: Branch Head, National Manager, Group Manager, and Executive Director.

Ireland
The grade of Assistant Secretary is a position in the Irish Civil Service. It is very similar to its British counterpart. It may now be called a different name, depending on the department or office.

The Netherlands
An Assistant Secretary (in Dutch: "staatssecretaris") assists a specific minister. Each assistant secretary works in a particular department of the government, and helps the minister of that department.

United States
In the United States, the rank of Assistant Secretary is a high level civilian official within the United States federal government. They are an official of sub-Cabinet rank. Assistant Secretaries are appointed by the President of the United States with the consent of the United States Senate. They are assigned to assist a specific cabinet secretary.

References 

Government
Jure uxoris

Iure uxoris (or Jure uxrois) is a Latin term that was mainly used in the Middle Ages. It was used to refer to a title of nobility a man used, but which originally belonged to his wife, who also had that title.

Latin phrases
Law
Anne Cuneo

Anne Cuneo (September 1936 – 11 February 2015) was a French-born Swiss journalist, novelist, theatre and movie director and screenwriter.

She was born in Paris. She studied in Lausanne. Her first novel came in 1967 and was called Gravé au diamant. In 1979 she received the lesser prize of the Schweizerische Schillerstiftung and by 1987 she worked for Télévision Suisse Romande.

References

1936 births
2015 deaths
French journalists
French screenwriters
French movie directors
Swiss screenwriters
Swiss movie directors
Writers from Paris
Swiss theatre directors
French theatre directors
Kesava Reddy

Kesava Reddy () (10 March 1946 – 13 February 2015) was a Telugu novelist. He was from Andhra Pradesh state in India. In his writings, he talked about many of the important social problems in India like poverty, prejudices, and superstitions, and encourages people to be socially responsible.

References

1946 births
2015 deaths
Indian writers
Stan Chambers

Stanley Holroyd "Stan" Chambers (August 11, 1923 – February 13, 2015) was an American television reporter. He worked for KTLA in Los Angeles from 1947 to 2010. Chambers has earned several Emmy Awards, Golden Mike Awards, LA City and County Proclamations, an LA Press Club Award, and a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.

He retired on August 11, 2010 on his 87th birthday, marking 63 years as a reporter at KTLA. Chambers died on February 13, 2015 in Los Angeles, at the age of 91.

References

Emmy Award winners
1923 births
2015 deaths
American television presenters
Writers from Los Angeles
Wim Ruska

Willem "Wim" Ruska (29 August 1940 – 14 February 2015) was a Dutch judoka. He was the only athlete to win two judo medals in one Olympics – in the heavyweight and absolute categories in 1972.

Ruska was admitted to a nursing home in 2014, he died on 14 February 2015, aged 74.

References

1940 births
2015 deaths
Olympic gold medalists
Sportspeople from Amsterdam
Franjo Mihalić

Franjo Mihalić (; March 9, 1920 – February 14, 2015) was a Croatian Yugoslav long-distance runner. He was best known for his 1958 win at the Boston Marathon and his marathon silver medal in the 1956 Summer Olympics. 

1920 births
2015 deaths
Croatian sportspeople
Olympic silver medalists
Yugoslavian sportspeople
Marko Brainović

Marko Brainović (born 17 July 1920) is a Croatian water polo player. He competed for Yugoslavia in the 1948 Summer Olympics and in the 1952 Summer Olympics. He won a silver medal in 1952.

References

Other websites
profile 

1920 births
Living people
Croatian sportspeople
Olympic silver medalists
Yugoslavian sportspeople
1952 Summer Olympics
Cornelis Pieter van den Hoek

Cornelis Pieter van den Hoek (June 7, 1921 in Leerdam – February 12, 2015 in Werkendam) was a Dutch resistance fighter during World War II. He was born in Leerdam. Van den Hoek was one of the few knights of the Dutch Military William Order.

On October 30, 1948, by Royal Decree, Van den Hoek was knighted by Queen Juliana of the Netherlands, receiving the fourth class (Knight) of the Military William Order.

Other websites

1921 births
2015 deaths
Dutch people of World War II
People from Utrecht (province)
Kingdom of Navarre

The Kingodom of Navarre was a small kingdom in Europe. It was independent from 841 to 1820. The kingdom was roughly in the Basque Country on both sides of the Pyrenees mountains. In 1512, it was split into two parts:  a Spanish part and a French part. In 1620, the French part, called Lower Navarre, became part of France. The Spanish part was independent until 1820. The capital of the kingdom was Pamplona.

References

History of France
History of Europe
16th century in Spain
17th century in Spain
18th century in Spain
19th century in Spain
Åkarp

Åkarp is a locality in Burlöv Municipality in Skåne County in Sweden. In 2010, 5,617 people lived there.

References 

Settlements in Skane County
Sanitation

Sanitation means dealing with human waste (feces and urine) safely . It also includes ways to maintain hygiene by disposing of garbage, treating wastewater and managing hazardous waste. Sanitation is important because it helps prevent the spread of germs and diseases. In past centuries it meant "health" and later "cleanliness". 

In poor countries, many people have poor sanitation because they do not have good toilets. They also do not have good sewage systems. In developed countries, people usually have good sanitation because they have a sewage system to filter disease and toxins from the water. The use of toilets protects the health of a community by keeping germs out of the environment.

There are also other types of toilets that are more economical, better for the environment, and do not need big sewer systems or wastewater treatment plants. Examples are dry toilets and twin-pit pour-flush toilets (of which many have been installed in India).

References

Waste management
Vint Cerf

Vinton Gray "Vint" Cerf (; born June 23, 1943) is an American internet pioneer. He is thought of as one of "the fathers of the Internet", sharing this title with American engineer Bob Kahn. 

In March 2020 during the coronavirus pandemic, Cerf had tested positive for COVID-19.

References

Other websites

 Internet Pioneers – Vint Cerf
 ICANNWiki on Vint Cerf
 A Protocol For Packet Network Intercommunication – The May 1974 IEEE Transactions on Communications paper Cerf co-wrote with Bob Kahn that describes TCP.
 Archive of 'Cerf's Up' web pages while at MCI, Inc., 1982-1986.

Turing Award winners
1943 births
Living people
American computer scientists
Scientists from New Haven, Connecticut
Leonard Kleinrock

Leonard Kleinrock (born June 13, 1934) is an American engineer and computer scientist. He played an influential role in the creation of the ARPANET, the precursor to the Internet, at UCLA.

References

Other websites

   Kleinrock discusses his work on the ARPANET.

1934 births
Living people
American computer scientists
Scientists from New York City
Bob Kahn

Robert Elliot "Bob" Kahn (born December 23, 1938) is an American electrical engineer. Along with Vint Cerf, he invented the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and the Internet Protocol (IP), the fundamental communication protocols at the heart of the Internet.

Other websites

 DBLP Listing of some of Kahn's works
 Biography of Kahn from IEEE
 Oral history interview with Robert E. Kahn, Charles Babbage Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis. Focuses on Kahn's role in the development of computer networking from 1967 through the early 1980s. Beginning with his work at Bolt Beranek and Newman (BBN), Kahn discusses his involvement as the ARPANET proposal was being written, his decision to become active in its implementation, and his role in the public demonstration of the ARPANET. The interview continues into Kahn's involvement with networking when he moves to IPTO in 1972, where he was responsible for the administrative and technical evolution of the ARPANET, including programs in packet radio, the development of a new network protocol (TCP/IP), and the switch to TCP/IP to connect multiple networks.

Turing Award winners
1938 births
Living people
American computer scientists
Scientists from New York City
Oliver Rackham

Oliver Rackham (17 October 1939 – 12 February 2015) was a British academic. He studied the British countryside, especially trees, woodlands and wood pasture, Rackham wrote a number of books, including The History of the Countryside (1986) and one on Hatfield Forest.

He died on 12 February 2015 at the age of 75.

References

1939 births
2015 deaths
British educators
British writers
People from Norwich
Bess Myerson

Bess Myerson (July 16, 1924 – December 14, 2014) was an American model and television actress. She was also a former Miss America 1945. She was the only Jewish Miss America. She won the pageant not long after World War II ended.

She was seen often on television in the 1950s and 1960s.

She became a city commissioner in 1969. Her career, however, stalled in the late 1980s due to scandal.

Myerson was born in The Bronx, New York City. She had ovarian cancer in th 1970s and dementia at the end of her life. She died in Santa Monica, California, aged ninety.

References

American Jews
American television actors
Cancer survivors
Miss America winners
Models from the Bronx
1924 births
Living people
Eryops

Eryops  is a genus of extinct, semi-aquatic temnospondyl.

They are found mostly in the Lower Permian-aged (about 295 million years ago) red beds of Texas. Fossils are also found in New Mexico and parts of the eastern United States. Eryops also occurs in older Pennsylvanian strata of the Conemaugh Group in West Virginia 

Eryops averaged a little over 1.5-2.0 meters (5–6.5 ft) long, so it was one of the largest land animals of its time.  It weighed about 90 kilograms (200 lb). It probably had few predators, although the apex predator of the time was the synapsid Dimetrodon, which was even larger. Several complete skeletons of Eryops have been found in the Lower Permian, but skull bones and teeth are the most common fossils.

Eryops was better adapted to a terrestrial environment than its ancestors. Sturdy limbs and a strong spine supported the body while out of water.

References 

Amphibians
Fossils
Bryan Henderson

Bryan Henderson is an American Wikipedia editor. He is known for changing "comprised of" on the English Wikipedia. On Wikipedia, his user name is "Giraffedata". In February 2015, his edits for changing "comprised of" became national news in the US. Most media coverage liked his edits as a "unique effort for correctness", while others criticized it as being wrong. By August 2010, Henderson removed all – around 18,000 – occurrences of the term. He continues to monitor new content for instances of "comprised of" and removes them, except when occurring within a quotation. As per Wikipedia logs, he has made over 47,000 edits to the English Wikipedia.

His brother is Robin Henderson. He is older than Bryan. Robin also edits Wikipedia. He changes instances of "based around". He usually chhanges them to "based on".

References

Further reading

Other websites
Bryan Henderson's personal page on English Wikipedia explaining the reasons and motivations for his work

1966 births
Living people
People from Olympia, Washington
Wikipedia people
Naseer Aruri

Naseer H. Aruri (7 January 1934 – 10 February 2015) was a Palestinian scholar-activist. He was an expert on Middle East politics, U.S. foreign policy in the Middle East and human rights. He was born in Jerusalem. 

Aruri was a Chancellor Professor (Emeritus) of Political Science, having served on the faculty of the University of Massachusetts-Dartmouth from 1965-1998. 

Aruri died of Parkinson's disease at the age of 81.

Other websites
 Profile of Naseer Aruri at the Institute for Middle East Understanding 
 "Naseer Aruri to speak at UW-Eau Claire forum", University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire, 29 October 2001 
 "Personality: Naseer Aruri", The Washington Report on Middle East Affairs, June 1987
 Biography of Naseer Aruri at Selves and Others 

1934 births
2015 deaths
American academics
Deaths from Parkinson's disease
Naturalized citizens of the United States
Palestinian people
People from Jerusalem
David Walker (journalist)

David Edward Walker (born on May 21, 1941 in Edgewater, New Jersey) is an award-winning former television news anchor at KCRA in Sacramento, California. Walker first worked at WESH-TV in Orlando, Florida. He then moved to Sacramento in the 1970s with KOVR and KCRA. In 1980, Walker and co-anchor (and wife) Lois Hart left Sacramento to join CNN. They co-anchored CNN's first news broadcast on June 1, 1980. 

In 1989, he joined NBC's cable news channel Consumer News and Business Channel and anchored its first news program. In 1990, Walker and Hart decided to return to Sacramento, where they anchored evening news broadcasts until 2008. In November 2008 he retired from KCRA.

References 

1941 births
Living people
American television news anchors
CNN people
Journalists from New Jersey
Television personalities from New Jersey
2015 Copenhagen attacks

The 2015 Copenhagen attacks were two spree shootings in Copenhagen, Denmark, starting in the afternoon of 14 February 2015.

References

Other websites

2015 in Europe
2010s in Denmark
21st century in Copenhagen
February 2015 events
Islamic terrorist incidents in Europe
Islamic terrorist incidents in the 2010s
Murder in 2015
Murder in Europe
Murders by firearm
Terrorist incidents in 2015
Terrorist incidents in Europe in the 2010s
Lou Dobbs

Louis Carl "Lou" Dobbs (born September 24, 1945) is a television journalist, business writer and news anchor. He was the host of the program Lou Dobbs Tonight on the Fox Business Network. The show was cancelled in February 2021.

Before Fox, Dobbs was an anchor, managing editor, an executive vice president at CNN. Dobbs is an award-winning journalist. 

He has won an Emmy, a Peabody Award and a Luminary Award (from the Business Journalism Review).

References 

1945 births
Living people
American television news anchors
Journalists from Texas
CNN people
Fox News people
Emmy Award winners
Peabody Award winners
Hoyt Wilhelm

James Hoyt Wilhelm (July 26, 1922 – August 23, 2002), nicknamed "Old Sarge", was an American Major League Baseball pitcher. Wilhelm played with the New York Giants, St. Louis Cardinals, Cleveland Indians, Baltimore Orioles, Chicago White Sox, California Angels, Atlanta Braves, Chicago Cubs, and Los Angeles Dodgers. He played between 1952 and 1972. He was the first relief pitcher in the Baseball Hall of Fame.

Wilhelm did not enter the major leagues until his late twenties. He fought in World War II before playing Major League Baseball. He was known to throw a knuckleball. He sometimes played as a starting pitcher but most of the time played as a relief pitcher. Wilhem won 124 games which is more than any other relief pitcher. He was also the first pitcher to reach 200 saves and play in 1,000 games.  

He pitched until he was almost 50 years old. Wilhelm retired with one of the lowest career earned run averages in baseball history. Wilhelm coached the New York Yankees and Atlanta Braves many years after his retirement. He was a resident of Sarasota, Florida for a long time and died in a nursing home of heart failure in 2002.

Early Life
Wilhem was born on July 26, 1922, in Huntersville, North Carolina. His parents, John and Ethel (née Stanley) Wilhelm, were tenant farmers and had eleven children. He played baseball at Cornelius High School in Cornelius, North Carolina. There he started trying to throw the knuckleball. Because he could not throw very fast, he thought that being able to throw a knuckleball would make him successful. He used a tennis ball to practice.

Wilhem started playing Minor League Baseball in 1942. He served in the United States Army during World War II. Wilhem fought in the Battle of the Bulge and was wounded. He also earned the Purple Heart award. In the military, Wilhem reached the rank of staff sergeant. He was nicknamed "Old Sarge" because he served in the military.

After serving in the military, he returned to playing minor league baseball in 1946. The New York Giants drafted Wilhem in the 1947 minor league draft. This is when he started playing in the major leagues.

References

1922 births
2002 deaths
Sportspeople from North Carolina
New York Giants (NL) players
St. Louis Cardinals players
Cleveland Indians players
Baltimore Orioles players
Chicago White Sox players
California Angels players
Atlanta Braves players
Chicago Cubs players
Los Angeles Dodgers players
National Baseball Hall of Fame members
Västra Husby

Västra Husby is a locality in Söderköping Municipality in Östergötland County in Sweden. In 2010, 486 people lived there.

References 

Settlements in Ostergotland County
Östra Ryd

Östra Ryd is a locality in Söderköping Municipality in Östergötland County in Sweden. In 2010, 457 people lived there.

References 

Settlements in Ostergotland County
Vätterstads IK

Vätterstads IK was an ice hockey club in Jönköping-Huskvarna in Sweden. The club was established in-mid 1967 whenIK Stefa and Vättersnäs IF merged. The club played its home games in Rosenlundshallen. The club played in the Swedish second division during the seasons of 1967-1968 and 1968-1969

In 1971 the club merged with Husqvarna IF's ice hockey section. This led to the establishment of HV71.

References

1967 establishments in Europe
1971 disestablishments
Huskvarna
Ice hockey teams in Sweden
Sport in Jönköping
1960s establishments in Sweden
Söderhamns UIF

Söderhamns UIF is a sports club in the town of Söderhamn in Sweden. The club was established in 1960. The club won the Swedish national men's table tennis team championship in the years of 1978, 1982, 1985, 2001 and 2010.

References

Other websites
Official website 

1960 establishments in Europe
Table tennis clubs in Sweden
1960s establishments in Sweden
Donald Hall

Donald Andrew Hall, Jr. (September 20, 1928 – June 23, 2018), known as Donald Hall was an American poet, writer, editor and literary critic. He became the first poetry editor of The Paris Review (1953–1961). On June 14, 2006, Hall was appointed as the Library of Congress's 14th Poet Laureate Consultant in Poetry (commonly known as "Poet Laureate of the United States"). Hall served as poet laureate for one year.

References

Other websites

Resources on Donald Hall from the Library of Congress
Donald Hall's page at Poets.org
"Donald Hall, Poet Laureate of the United States, talks with Robert Birnbaum" on Identity Theory website, posted December 18, 2006
Donald Hall, an interview with Pat Gage and Caitlin McKenna. Narrative Magazine (Spring 2010).
Judith Moore interviews Donald Hall

1928 births
2018 deaths
American poets
Writers from Connecticut
Michele Ferrero

Michele Ferrero () (26 April 1925 – 14 February 2015) was an Italian businessman.

He was born in Dogliani, Piedmont, the son of Pietro Ferrero. He had two sons: Pietro Ferrero Jr. and Giovanni Ferrero.

He was the owner of the eponymous chocolate maker Ferrero SpA, one of Europe's largest with estimated 2012 sales of $19 billion. This made Ferrero the richest man in Italy and one of the richest in Europe.

1925 births
2015 deaths
Italian businesspeople
People from Piedmont
Halmstads BTK

Halmstad BTK is a table tennis club in Halmstad, Sweden. It was established on 27 October 1937. The club won the Swedish national men's team championship in 1993 and 2003 and the Swedish women's national team championship in 1991, 1992, 1995 and 1996. Jörgen Persson and Åsa Svensson have played for the club.

References

Other websites
Official website 

1937 establishments in Europe
Table tennis clubs in Sweden
1930s establishments in Sweden
Kalmar BTK

Kalmar BTK is a table tennis club in the town of Kalmar in Sweden. It was established on 14 June 1960. The club won the Swedish national men's team championship in the years of 1996, 1999, 2000 and 2002. Jan-Ove Waldner played for the club between 1996 and 2006.

References

Other websites
Official website  

1960 establishments in Europe
Table tennis clubs in Sweden
1960s establishments in Sweden
Ängby SK

Ängby SK is a sports club in Vällingby in Sweden. It was established in 1956. The club won the Swedish national men's table tennis team championship in the years of 1992 and 1995. The women's team won the Swedish national championship during the season of 2014-2015. Jan-Ove Waldner and Mikael Appelgren have played for the club.

References

Other websites
Official website 

1956 establishments in Sweden
Sport in Stockholm
Table tennis clubs in Sweden
Lyckeby BTK

Lyckeby BTK is a table tennis club in Lyckeby in the town of Karlskrona in Sweden. it was established on 16 December 1946. The club won the Swedish national women's team championship in the years of 1994 and 1997. The club was known as Lösens BTK up to 1995.

References

Other websites
Official website 

1946 establishments in Europe
Table tennis clubs in Sweden
1940s establishments in Sweden
Relief pitcher

In baseball and softball, a relief pitcher or reliever is a pitcher who enters the game after the starting pitcher is removed. There are different kinds of relief pitchers such as closers, set-up relief pitchers, middle relief pitchers, left/right-handed specialists, and long relievers. Relief pitchers are expected to pitch many games but in fewer innings than starters.

Baseball positions
Putty

Putty is a squeezy dough-like material used for filling small spaces. It is often used for woodwork repair. Painters use it to fill holes and cracks in wood. Fireproof putties can be used round electrical boxes in drywall setups. 

Plumber's putty is waterproof, used to make watertight seals in plumbing. Putty is always used for traditional glazing. It fixes and seal panes of glass into wooden frames (or sashes). PVC and metal window frames use synthetic sealants such as silicone. 

Glazing putty is traditionally made by mixing a base of whiting (finely ground chalk) with linseed oil in various proportions. In woodworking, water-based putties are more often used: they have no odour, and are easy to clean up. They work just as well with water-based and latex sealers. There are now synthetic putties of various types. There are epoxy (two-part) putties which dry hard as iron, and holes can be drilled in if needed.

Materials
Ärtemarks IF

Ärtemarks IF is a sports club in Ärtemark in Sweden. The club's table tennis section won the Swedish women's national championships during the seasons of 2005-2006 and 2006-2007. The men's team qualified for the 2007-2008 Elitserien. The men's table tennis team also played som home games in the People's Republic of China. The club's table tennis activity was transfered  over to Dals BTK in 2014.

References

Other websites
 Ärtemarks IF 

Swedish football clubs
Table tennis clubs in Sweden
Norrköpings BTK

Norrköpings BTK was a table tennis club in the town of Norrköping in Sweden. The club won the Swedish national women's team championship during the season of 1997-1998.

References

Norrköping
Table tennis clubs in Sweden
Öråns SK

Öråns SK is a sports club in the town of Lycksele in Sweden. It was established in 1970, The club won the Swedish national women's team table tennis championship during the season of 1998-1999.

References

Table tennis clubs in Sweden
Floorball clubs in Sweden
Ski clubs in Sweden
Athletics clubs
1970 establishments in Sweden
MFF Bordtennis

MFF Bordtennis was the table tennis section of Malmö FF. The section was set up in 1975. The club won the Swedish national men's team championship during the seasons of 1988/1989, 1989-1990, 1990-1991, 1993-1994, 1996-1997, 1997-1998 and 2003-2004. The men's team became silver medalists at the Swedish national men's team championship during the season of 2004-2005. Jörgen Persson and Thomas von Scheele have both played for the club.

The table tennis section applied for bankruptcy on 3 July 2006. The table tennis section was then closed. Some attempts to keep the youth activity were done.

References

1975 establishments in Europe
2006 disestablishments in Sweden
Sport in Malmö
Table tennis clubs in Sweden
1970s establishments in Sweden
Jetstar Pacific Airlines

Jetstar Pacific Airlines is a low-cost airline of Vietnam. It was established by Vietnam Airlines in 1991. It flies to many domestic and some international destinations (Macau, Bangkok, Singapore). Its main airport is Tan Son Nhat International Airport in Ho Chi Minh City. It has 10 Airbus A320 aircraft and will have 15 aircraft later in 2015.

Destinations
Vietnam
Ho Chi Minh City
Hanoi
Da Nang
 Hai Phong
 Huế
 Nha Trang
 Vinh
Dong Hoi
Quy Nhon
 Da Lat
Buon Me Thuot
Can Tho
Phu Quoc
Asia
Airlines of Asia
Stone Forest

Stone Forest (Shilin) is a remarkable region of limestone columns. It is in Yunnan Province, China. Two parts of the site, the Naigu Stone Forest and Suogeyi Village are UNESCO World Heritage Sites. They are part of the South China Karst. The site is classified as a AAAAA-class tourist site. This is the highest rating in the Chinese tourist system.

Formation 
The stone forests formed some 270 million years ago in what was a shallow sea. They are mostly limestone, with some sandstone. Horizontal strata were laid down in the basin, and later was pushed up into the air. The limestone in the rocks was then eroded by wind and water to create these spectacular stone pillars. There is a very similar "forest" in Melarky, Madagascar, known as the Tsingy.

References 

World Heritage Sites in China
Carbonates
Sedimentary rocks
Yunnan
Jonathan Klein

Jonathan Klein was president of Cable News Network (CNN) for 6 years. He was fired in 2010. He was replaced by Ken Jautz, leader of CNN's sister network, CNN Headline News. Klein hired Eliot Spitzer as a talk show host. He fired Larry King and replaced him with Piers Morgan. While at CNN, he tried to hire Keith Olbermann away from NBC's cable news channel MSNBC. CNN exceutive Jim Walton did not want that, and it did not happen.

References

Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
CNN people
Aaron Brown

Aaron Brown  (born November 10, 1948) is an American broadcast journalist. He anchored Newsnight with Aaron Brown, CNN's main newscast. He is noted for his reporting of the September 11 attacks on the World Trade Center. Previously he worked at ABC News as a weekend news anchor. He was a local television reporter in Seattle prior to this. Brown is now a professor of journalism at Arizona State University.

References

CNN people
Living people
American television news anchors
1948 births
Johan Jüngling

Johan Jüngling, born 1977, is a Swedish former squash player. He represented Växjö SK and lived in the town of Jönköping. He represented Sweden at several European championships and world championships.

He played for the Swedish national team for 10 years and was ranked number-one in Sweden. He won the Swedish national championship eight times as a junior. As a senior he bcame Swedish national champion four times. He also won the Andalucian team championship in 2005.

References

1977 births
Living people
Swedish sportspeople
Squash (sport)
Managing editor

A Managing Editor is a senior member of a Mass media management team. In radio and television networks the managing editor is the top executive. At local stations, a managing editor works directly under the news director. In newspaper publishing the Managing Editor (ME) reports directly to the editor-in-chief. In most organizations the managing editor can hire, fire, or promote staff members. In network broadcasting, the job of managing editor may be combined with other jobs. For example on NBC, Tom Brokaw was both anchor and managing editor of NBC Nightly News. At CNN Lou Dobbs was an anchor, managing editor and executive vice president. At the Fox News Channel, Brit Hume was an anchor and the Washington DC division's managing editor.

References 

Journalism
Chocolate Hills

The Chocolate Hills  are a geological formation in Bohol Province, Philippines. There are at least 1,260 hills (and maybe more) spread over an area of more than . They are covered in green grass that turns brown (like chocolate) during the dry season, hence the name.

The Chocolate Hills are a famous tourist attraction of Bohol. They are on the provincial flag and seal as natural attractions of the province. They are in the Philippine Tourism Authority's list of tourist destinations in the Philippines. They have been declared the country's third National Geological Monument and proposed for inclusion in the UNESCO World Heritage List.

The Chocolate Hills are conical karst hills similar to those seen in the limestone regions of Slovenia, Croatia, northern Puerto Rico, and Pinar del Río Province, Cuba. They probably started as corals growing in a warm, shallow sea about two million years ago. The hills consist of sandy to rubbly marine limestones. These limestones contain abundant fossils of foraminifera, coral, molluscs, and algae. These conical hills were created by limestone dissolving in rainfall and groundwater. There was erosion by rivers and streams after they were lifted above sea level. The hills are separated by flat plains and have numerous caves and springs. The Chocolate Hills are a remarkable example of conical karst topography.

References 

Geography of the Philippines
Carbonate rocks
National parks in Asia
Bill Kristol

William Kristol (born December 23, 1952) is an American political analyst and commentator. He was the editor and publisher of the political magazine The Weekly Standard until it closed. Kristol was a Fox News political analyst until friction with Fox News Chief Executive Officer Roger Ailes caused him to switch to the news division of ABC, where he is a political analyst.

Personal life
Since 1975, he has been married to Susan Scheinberg. They met while they were both graduate students at Harvard. Scheinberg is a Ph.D. in classics. They have three children. Their daughter Anne is married to writer Matthew Continetti. Continetti is editor-in-chief of The Washington Free Beacon. Their son Joseph served in the U.S. Marine Corps in Afghanistan and worked for the management consulting company McKinsey & Company. He started working as legislative director for Senator Tom Cotton in 2018. Kristol lives in Northern Virginia.

His father was neoconservative icon Irving Kristol and his mother was political historian Gertrude Himmelfarb.

References 

1952 births
Living people
American journalists
American political commentators
Fox News people
Richie Pratt

Richie Pratt (March 11, 1943 – February 12, 2015, born Richard Dean Tyree) was an American jazz drummer. He began his career as a professional musician on the New York scene in the early 1970s. He was born in Olathe, Kansas.

Pratt died in Leavenworth, Kansas, aged 71.

References

1943 births
2015 deaths
American drummers
American jazz musicians
Musicians from Kansas
People from Olathe, Kansas
R. R. Patil

Raosaheb Ramrao Patil, better known as R. R. Patil () (16 August 1957 – 16 February 2015), was an Indian politician from the state of Maharashtra. He was a leader of the Nationalist Congress Party. He became Home Minister of Maharashtra. He was also the former Deputy Chief Minister of Maharashtra. He won assembly election from Tasgaon Constituency.

1957 births
2015 deaths
Cancer deaths in India
Civil servants
Deaths from oral cancer
Indian politicians
Uri Orbach

Uri Shraga Orbach, Hebrew: אורי שרגא אורבך , (March 28, 1960 – February 16, 2015) was an Israeli Religious Zionist writer, journalist and politician. He served as a Member of Knesset for The Jewish Home party and as Pensioner Affairs Minister.

Orbach was born in Petah Tikva and died of blood disease in Jerusalem, aged 54.

References

Other websites 
  Bio at the Knesset Website

1960 births
2015 deaths
Children's writers
Deaths from blood disease
Disease-related deaths in Israel
Former Members of Knesset
Government ministers of Israel
Israeli journalists
Jewish Israeli politicians
Jewish Israeli writers
People from Petah Tikva
Haron Amin

Haron Amin (Dari: هارون امین‎; June 19, 1969 – February 15, 2015) was the Afghan ambassador to Japan and non-resident ambassador to Thailand, the Philippines and Singapore from 2004 to 2009. Amin was born in Kabul, Afghanistan.

Amin died of cancer at a U.S. hospital, aged 47.

References

1969 births
2015 deaths
Ambassadors of Afghanistan
Cancer deaths in the United States
People from Kabul
John Davies (historian)

John Davies (25 April 1938 – 16 February 2015) was  a Welsh historian, and a television and radio broadcaster. He worked for the BBC during his entire career.

Davies died at the age of 76.

Books
Cardiff and the Marquesses of Bute, (Writers of Wales), University of Wales Press, January 1980, 
A History of Wales, Penguin, 1994,  (Revised edition 2007, )
Broadcasting and the BBC in Wales, University of Wales Press, 1994, 
The Making of Wales, The History Press, 2nd edition printing: Oct 1, 2009, 
The Celts, Cassell & Co, 2000  
The Welsh Academy Encyclopaedia of Wales, University of Wales Press, April 17, 2008, 
Wales: 100 Places to See Before You Die (with Marian Delyth), Y Lolfa, 2010,

References

1938 births
2015 deaths
British historians
British television presenters
Writers from Glamorgan
Walter Keane

Walter Stanley Keane (October 7, 1915 – December 27, 2000) was an American painter and plagiarist. He became famous in the 1950s for claiming he had painted a series of widely-reproduced paintings depicting vulnerable waifs with enormous eyes. The paintings were in fact painted by his wife Margaret Keane.

References

1915 births
2000 deaths
American painters
Businesspeople from Nebraska
Margaret Keane

Margaret D. H. Keane (born Peggy Doris Hawkins; September 15, 1927) is an American artist. She mainly paints women, children, and animals in oil or mixed media. 

Keane's works are recognizable by the big, doe-like eyes of her subjects.

In the 1960s, her artwork was sold under the name of her husband, Walter Keane, who claimed credit for it. They went to court and Margaret won the case.

References

1927 births
Living people
American painters
People from Nashville, Tennessee
Wayne Allwine

Wayne Anthony Allwine (February 7, 1947 - May 18, 2009) was an American voice actor, sound effects editor and foley artist for The Walt Disney Company. He was best known for his role as the voice of Mickey Mouse from 1977 to 2009. He was married to voice actress Russi Taylor, who was the voice of Minnie Mouse. He died on May 18, 2009 of complications of diabetes. He received an Emmy Award for sound editing in 1986.

Filmography

Films

Television

Video games

Park Attractions
Mickey's PhilharMagic - Mickey Mouse

Production work

References 

1947 births
2009 deaths
Actors from Glendale, California
American voice actors
Deaths from diabetes
Disease-related deaths in Los Angeles
Emmy Award winners
Clinamen

Clinamen is the word Lucretius gave to the unpredictable swerve of atoms. He means that these atoms don't just fall down, but because of the swerve collisions happen. Lucretius wrote that without this slight swerve (atoms) would "fall like raindrops and never touch and the world would have never been made". Lucretius was the first to write about Chaos theory.

References 

Physics
Pyramidion

A pyramidion (plural pyramidia) is the very top piece of an Egyptian pyramid. They were called benbenet in the Ancient Egyptian language.  In Egypt's Old Kingdom, pyramidia were made of diorite, granite, or limestone. These were then covered in gold or electrum. The gold would reflect the rays of the sun. In later times they were made from granite which had royal titles and religious symbols cut into them.

Very few pyramidia still exist. Most of those that have are made of polished black granite, with the name of the pyramid's owner cut into them. There are four pyramidia on show in the main hall of the Egyptian Museum in Cairo. They include the pyramidia from the Black Pyramid of Amenemhat III at Dahshur and the Pyramid of Khendjer at Saqqara.

A badly damaged white Tura limestone pyramidion is thought to have been made for the Red Pyramid of Sneferu at Dahshur. It has been rebuilt and put on show at the side of the pyramid. However it does not match, as its angles are steeper than that of the sides of the pyramid.

Private brick pyramids with pyramidia 

During the New Kingdom, some private underground tombs had a small brick pyramid built on top of them. These pyramids were topped with a pyramidia. The four sides included texts and scenes about the cult of the Sun god Ra.

The scenes usually show the course of the sun. It is shown rising on one side, and setting on the opposite side, and traveling, through the night, through the underworld, ruled by Osiris.

Scribe Moses pyramidion

The pyramidion of the scribe Moses was made about 1250 BC from limestone. It is 53 cm tall and shows him making an offering, with his name, on two opposite sides. The other two sides show a baboon which represents the god Thoth.

Ptahemwia pyramidion
The pyramidion of Ptahemwia was made about 1200 BC, from limestone. It is 28 cm wide and 42 cm tall, and shows sun-related scenes. The Sun god, Ra, and the god of the Underworld, Osiris, are shown on one side. On another side is Ptahemwia, standing in an offering pose, facing three columns of hieroglyphs.

Related pages
Washington Monument, which has a solid aluminum pyramidion that serves as a lightning rod.

References

Other websites

 Transporting the pyramidion to the top of the Khufu-Pyramid

Ancient Egypt
Architectural elements
University of the Humanities

The University of the Humanities   is a public university in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. The Mongolian name is Хүмүүнлэгийн ухааны их сургууль. It has undergraduate and graduate programs. Fields of study include foreign languages, translation, education, journalism, computer science, economics and  business.

The school is in downtown Ulaanbaatar at Grand Chinggis Khaan Square. The university is accredited by the Mongolian National Council for Education Accreditation.

References

Other websites
 in English

Ulan Bator
Colleges and universities in Asia
Establishments in Mongolia
Movita Castaneda

Maria "Movita" Castaneda (April 12, 1916 – February 12, 2015) was an American actress. She was known for being the second wife of actor Marlon Brando. She was known for her roles in Flying Down to Rio (1933) and Mutiny on the Bounty.

Castaneda died in Los Angeles, California from complications of a neck injury, aged 98.

References

Other websites

1916 births
2015 deaths
American movie actors
Actors from Arizona
Frank Lloyd

Frank Lloyd (2 February 1886 – 10 August 1960) was a Scottish-American movie director, scriptwriter and producer. Lloyd was among the founders of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, and its president between 1934 and 1935.

References

1886 births
1960 deaths
Naturalized citizens of the United States
Scottish writers
American movie directors
American movie producers
American screenwriters
People from Glasgow