cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Vince Boryla

Vincent Joseph Boryla (March 11, 1927 – March 27, 2016) was an American basketball player, coach and executive. His nickname was "Moose".

Early life
Boryla was born in East Chicago, Indiana. He studied at East Chicago Washington High School in 1944. He played basketball at the University of Notre Dame and the University of Denver. Boryla was part of the U.S team that won the gold medal at the 1948 Summer Olympics in London.

Career
Boryla played for the New York Knicks in the early 1950s. In 1951, Boryla scored nine points in the 1951 NBA All-Star Game. He played in the NBA Finals in 1951 and 1953.  Boryla was not in the 1952 playoffs.  He later became the Knicks' coach from 1956 to 1958, and had an 80-85 record with them.

Later in his career, Boryla became the general manager of the American Basketball Association's Denver Nuggets early in their history when they were first the Kansas City ABA team and then the Denver Larks.  He was also the general manager of the ABA's Utah Stars.  Boryla later rejoined the Nuggets when the franchise joined the NBA.  He won the NBA Executive of the Year Award with the Nuggets in 1984.

Death
Boryla died in Denver, Colorado on March 27, 2016 from complications of pneumonia, aged 89.

Honors
Boryla was added into the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame, and in 1984 into the National Polish-American Hall of Fame.

References

Other websites

Vince Boryla (as coach) Statistics at Basketball-Reference.com
National Polish-American Sports HOF profile

1927 births
2016 deaths
Deaths from pneumonia
New York Knicks players
National Basketball Association coaches
Sportspeople from Indiana
People from East Chicago, Indiana
Spahn Ranch

Spahn Ranch, also known as the Spahn Movie Ranch, was a large movie ranch in Los Angeles County, California. It was used for filming mostly old Western movies and television programs. With its mountains and western scenery, the ranch was ideal for cowboy and Indian type shows. Some of the well known TV shows which were made at Spahn were episodes of Bonanza, The Lone Ranger, and Zorro.

The ranch is no longer in use. The entrance was at 12000 Santa Susana Pass Road but the street number has changed. The ranch was very popular due to its being a home for Charles Manson and his followers. They lived there during 1968 and 1969. It was owned and named after a dairy farmer named George Spahn.

Charles Manson
George Spahn, an old man whom lived and owned the ranch decided to allow Charles Manson and his 'family' to move in, rent-free, in exchange for helping out on the ranch. Manson and his family did daily chores and helped run the horse rental business, which had become Spahn's main source of income. One of the Manson girls, Lynette Fromme, would take care of George Spahn, who was half blind, needed and appreciated the assistance. George Spahn was never accused of any involvement in the crimes for which members of the Family were later convicted, the most infamous being the Tate-LaBianca murders committed on August 9th and 10th, 1969. In the months after, a documentary film creator named Robert Hendrickson began filming the Manson Family at the ranch for his documentary film Manson.  There he filmed George Spahn, Lynette Fromme, Nancy Pittman, Catherine Share, Sandra Good, Paul Watkins  and many others. It is the place where the 'family' lived while committing the 1969 Tate-LaBianca murders in Los Angeles. A wildfire destroyed all of the Spahn Movie Ranch film set and building on September 26, 1970. The owner, George Spahn died on September 22, 1974.

Currently 
The Spahn Movie Ranch site is empty, abandoned and now part of California's Santa Susana Pass State Historic Park with the historic section along Old Santa Susana Stage Road, on the park's northern side. Many hiking trails give access to the natural beauty and the panoramic views of the San Fernando Valley. Today, the only physical remains of what was once the Manson residence is known as the Manson Family Cave, so called from a popular photo which has circulated over the years which still is intact and exactly how it appeared back then.

References

Other websites 
 California State Parks: official Santa Susana Pass State Historic Park website
 LAMountains.com: Santa Susana Pass Park website
 {This list is highly inaccurate: no movies were filmed at Spahn after 9-25-70.} endings=on&&locations=Spahn+Ranch,+Chatsworth,+Los+Angeles,+California,+USA IMDB: List of films shot at Spahn Movie Ranch 
 Spahn Ranch History

Movie production
Daan Myngheer

Daan Myngheer (13 April 1993 – 28 March 2016) was a Belgian cyclist. In 2015, he was a member of the Verandas Willems cycling team and in 2016 he was a member of the Roubaix–Lille Métropole. He was born in Roeselare, Belgium.

Myngheer died in a hospital in Ajaccio, France after suffering a heart attack during the Criterium International, aged 22.

References

Other websites

1993 births
2016 deaths
Belgian cyclists
Deaths from myocardial infarction
People from West Flanders
Khuzaima Qutbuddin

Khuzaima Qutbuddin (5 June 1940 – 31 March 2016) was a claimant to the title of 53rd Da'i al-Mutlaq of the Dawoodi Bohras. It is a subgroup within the Mustaali, Ismaili Shia branch of Islam. Qutbuddin was appointed "Da'i Madhun" (mazoon mola) by the Syedna Muhammad Burhanuddin in 1965.

Qutbuddin died on 31 March 2016 in Bakersfield, California from cancer, aged 75.

References

Other websites
 

1940 births
2016 deaths
Cancer deaths in California
People from Mumbai
Howard Cable

Howard Reid Cable (December 15, 1920March 30, 2016) was a Canadian conductor, arranger, music director, composer, and radio and television producer. He was born in Toronto, Ontario. He received an Associate diploma (ATCM) from The Royal Conservatory of Music in Toronto in conducting and bandmastership 1939. Cable composed and arranged the original theme for the Hockey Night in Canada television broadcast, The Saturday Game which opened the broadcast from 1952 until 1968.

Cable died from complications of pneumonia at his home in Toronto, Ontario on March 30, 2016, aged 95.

Other websites
 Cable, Howard  entry in The Encyclopedia of Music in Canada (part of The Canadian Encyclopedia)
 Howard Cable Northdale Music Press Ltd. biography
 Howard Cable Canadian Music Centre biography
 Howard Cable  profile for University of Lethbridge Music Department
 Howard Cable Remembers the personal blog of Howard Cable

1920 births
2016 deaths
Deaths from pneumonia
Canadian composers
Conductors
Douglas Wilmer

Douglas Wilmer (8 January 1920 – 31 March 2016) was an English actor. He was best known for playing Sherlock Holmes in the 1965 TV series. He also appeared in Jason and the Argonauts, the Pink Panther movies A Shot in the Dark (1964) and Revenge of the Pink Panther (1978),  The Vampire Lovers (1970), The Golden Voyage of Sinbad (1974), and Octopussy (1983).

On 31 March 2016, it was reported by Roger Moore by social media that Wilmer had died at the age of 96.

References

Other websites

1920 births
2016 deaths
English movie actors
English television actors
Actors from London
Actors who played in James Bond movies
Pratyusha Banerjee

Pratyusha Banerjee (10 August 1991 – 1 April 2016) was an Indian movie and television actress. She started her career with Balika Vadhu as Anandi. She was also a contestant on Bigg Boss 7. She had signed as a host with reality-based crime saga Savdhaan India for the special segment on "women against crime". She had worked in Pyaar Tune Kya Kiya in 2014 and was last seen in Hum Hain Na. 

Banerjee committed suicide by hanging herself on April 1, 2016. She was declared dead at Kokilben Ambani hospital in Mumbai after doctors failed to revive her. She was aged 24.

Death
On 1 April 2016, Banerjee was found hanging in her Mumbai apartment, and according to the postmortem report the cause of death was asphyxia.

References

1991 births
2016 deaths
Indian movie actors
Indian television actors
Suicides by hanging
Jharkhand
Grant Tinker

Grant Almerin Tinker (January 11, 1926 – November 28, 2016) was an American television producer and executive. 

He was the former chairman and CEO of NBC from 1981 to 1986. He is the co-founder of MTM Enterprises. Tinker was the former husband of actress Mary Tyler Moore. After leaving NBC, Tinker tried to repeat his success with MTM Enterprises by forming GTG (Grant Tinker-Gannett) Entertainment but the business venture failed and the company closed in 1990.

Tinker was born in Stamford, Connecticut. His parents were Margaret (née Hessin) and Arthur Almerin Tinker. Tinker died on November 28, 2016 of natural causes in Los Angeles, California, aged 90.

References

Other websites
 

1926 births
2016 deaths
Deaths from natural causes
American television producers
People from Stamford, Connecticut
Chris O'Dowd

Christopher "Chris" O'Dowd (born 9 October 1979) is an Irish actor and comedian. He was best known for his role as Roy Trenneman in the Channel 4 comedy The IT Crowd.  

O'Dowd created and starred in the Sky 1 television series Moone Boy, which aired between 2012 and 2015. He had a recurring role on the drama series Girls and starred in the television series Family Tree.

O'Dowd is also known for his movies, most notably Bridesmaids (2011), This Is 40 (2012), The Sapphires (2012), Thor: The Dark World (2013), Calvary (2014) and St. Vincent (2014). He will star as Tiger in the 2018 Disney movie Christopher Robin.

References

Other websites

 
 

1979 births
Living people

Irish comedians
Irish movie actors
Irish stage actors
Irish television actors
Irish voice actors
Irish movie directors
List of amendments to the United States Constitution

This page is a list of the amendments to the United States Constitution.  Since the Constitution went into effect on March 4, 1789, twenty-seven amendments have been added to the Constitution.  This page gives just a short summary of each of these amendments.  For more information about each amendment, click on the links in the box at the right of this page.  The amendments are numbered in Roman numerals from I (One) to XXVII (Twenty-seven).

Background
Usually, for an amendment to be approved and added to the Constitution, there are two steps: 
 Two-thirds of both the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives approve the amendment.  They "propose" the amendment to the states (they send the amendment to the states to be ratified)
 The legislatures of three-fourths of the states must ratify the amendment

Once this happens, the amendment becomes part of the Constitution.

The first ten amendments to the Constitution were all approved together.  As a group, they are called the Bill of Rights.

Unratified amendments
Between 1789 and December 2014, about 11,623 amendments were proposed in Congress.   However, most of these suggested amendments "die" in the committees that suggest them.  In total, in the past 227 years, Congress has sent only 33 amendments to the states for ratification  just about one out of every 500 suggested amendments.  Of these 33, the states have set 27.  

Out of the six unratified amendments, two failed when they were not ratified by a set deadline.  The other four are still officially "pending"; they do not have enough votes to pass or fail, but they also do not have deadlines written into them.

Ratified amendments

The Bill of Rights (Amendments IX)

Congress sent twelve amendments to the states for ratification on September 25, 1789.  Ten of these were officially ratified on December 15, 1791: two years, two months, and 20 days after Congress proposed them.  Here is a summary of what those amendments say.

Amendments 1127 (XIXXVII)

Unratified amendments

Notes

References

United States Constitution
Kirtankhola

Kirtankhola () is a river that  starts from Sayeshtabad in Barisal district and ends into the Gajalia near Gabkhan khal (canal). The total length of the river is about .

References 

Rivers of Bangladesh
Berber calendar

The Berber calendar is a calendar used most often in the region of North Africa, to control seasonal agricultural works.

Calendars
Address bus

An address bus is a computer bus architecture. It is used to transfer data between devices. The devices are identified by the hardware address of the physical memory (the physical address). The address is stored in the form of binary numbers to enable the data bus to access memory storage. 

Address buses are made up of a collection of wires connecting the CPU with main memory that is used to identify particular locations (addresses) in main memory. The width of the address bus (that is, the number of wires) determines how many unique memory locations can be addressed. Modern personal computers and Macintoshes have as many as 36 address lines. This theoretically allows them to access 64 gigabytes of main memory. However, the actual amount of memory that can be accessed is usually much less than this theoretical limit due to chipset and motherboard limitations. 

An address bus is part of the system bus architecture, which was developed to decrease costs and enhance modular integration. However, most modern computers use a variety of individual buses for specific tasks. 

An individual computer contains a system bus, which connects the major components of a computer system and has three main elements, of which the address bus is one, along with the data bus and control bus.

An address bus is measured by the amount of memory a system can retrieve. A system with a 32-bit address bus can address 4 gigabytes of memory space. Newer computers using a 64-bit address bus with a supporting operating system can address 16 exbibytes of memory locations, which is virtually unlimited.

Computer buses
2015–16 La Liga - Results of second round

This is the Results of the second round of 2015–16 La Liga.

Results

20th round

22nd round

23rd round

24th round

26th round

27th round

28th round

29th round

30th round

31st round

32nd round

33rd round

34th round

35th round

37th round

38th round 

La Liga
Football in Spain
2015 in association football
2016 in association football
Avolar

Avolar was a Mexican low-cost airline. Its headquarters and largest hub were in Tijuana. It started on September 7, 2005 with one Boeing 737-500 airplane. It was one of the first low-cost airlines in Mexico. By 2008, the airline had 10 Boeing 737 airplanes. It flew to 21 cities throughout Mexico. Avolar suspended flights for 3 days in August 2008 and for 1 day in October 2008. This was due to large debts. Avolar asked to fly to the United States on October 28, 2008. Avolar finally stopped flying on that same day - October 28, 2008. The airline has never flown again since then.

Gallery

References
 

2005 establishments in North America
2008 disestablishments
Defunct companies of North America
Transport in Mexico
2000s establishments in Mexico
Drag king

Drag kings are female performance artists who dress in male clothes. They play male gender roles as part of an individual or group routine. Drag kings may be straight, lesbian or transgender. They often perform as macho male characters, like construction workers and rappers. 

In the late 1800s/early 1900s, several drag kings became British music hall stars. British pantomime has preserved the tradition of women in male roles. Starting in the mid 1990s, drag kings started to have the fame and attention for which drag queens are known. 

The term drag king was first used in print in 1972.

Drag kings are mostly a part of lesbian culture. They can be most often seen at lesbian festivals or bars. However, not all drag kings are lesbians.

References

Performing arts
Gay slang
Pop Goes the Weasel

"Pop! Goes the Weasel" is an English nursery rhyme and singing game. 

There are many different versions of this song.

American versions include the following words:

All around the mulberry bush
The monkey chased the weasel
The monkey stopped to pull up his sock
Pop! Goes the weasel

There are many other American and English versions.

References

Songs
Nursery rhyme

A nursery rhyme is a traditional poem for young children. The term has been used since the 18th century or early 19th century. In North America, the term Mother Goose Rhymes, first used in the mid-18th century, is often used.

Examples of nursery rhymes are "Three Blind Mice", "Jack and Jill" and "Hey Diddle Diddle".

Children's literature
Plaque (biology)

A plaque in biology is a flat growth-form. The term is used for 
bacteria growing on an agar plate
dental plaque, a bacterial biofilm around teeth.
senile plaques: protein deposited outside cells in the brain in Alzheimer's disease
fatty deposits inside arteries in atherosclerosis

Biology
New York International Auto Show

The New York International Auto Show is an annual auto show that is held in Manhattan in late March or early April. It is held at the Jacob Javits Convention Center.  It usually opens on or just before Easter weekend and closes on the first Sunday after Easter. In 2016 the show started on March 25 and ended April 3.

The show has been held annually since 1900.
The show was held at the New York Coliseum from 1956 to 1987 when the show moved to the Javits Center.

References 

19th-century establishments in New York (state)
Manhattan

1900 establishments in the United States
Santali language

Santali is the official language of the Santal community. Most Santal people live in Jharkhand, Odisha, or West Bengal.

References 

Austro-Asiatic languages
Languages of India
Chiang Mai Province

Chiang Mai  (Thai เชียงใหม่) is the second-largest province (changwat) of Thailand. It is in the country's north. It is bordered by Chiang Rai to the northeast, Lampang and Lamphun to the south, Tak to the southwest, Mae Hong Son to the west, and Shan State of Burma to the north. The capital, Chiang Mai, is 685 km north of Bangkok.

Geography 
Chiang Mai Province is about  from Bangkok. The highest mountain in Thailand, Doi Inthanon at , is in Chiang Mai Province.

Several other national parks are also in the province: Doi Suthep-Pui, Ob Luang, Sri Lanna, Huai Nam Dang, Mae Wang, and Pha Daeng.

History

The city of Chiang Mai was capital of the Lanna Kingdom after its founding in 1296.

In 1599, the kingdom lost its independence and became part of the Ayutthaya Kingdom.

In 1932, the province Chiang Mai moved up to the second level subdivision of Thailand when the administrative unit of Monthon Phayap, the remains of the Lanna Kingdom, was dissolved.

Types of People

13.4% of the population in the province are members of hill tribes, among them the Hmong, Yao, Lahu, Lisu, Akha, and Karen.

Climate 
Chiang Mai has a tropical wet and dry climate (Köppen Aw), tempered by the low latitude and moderate elevation, with warm to hot weather year-round, though nighttime conditions during the dry season can be cool and are much lower than daytime highs. The maximum temperature ever recorded is 42.4 °C in May 2005.

Transportation

Car. Chiang Mai is on Highway 11 (Super Highway Rd). 
Train. Chiang Mai is the northern terminus of the northern railway route.
Songthaew
Samlor. Samlors (rickshaws) can be found in the urban core.
Tuk-tuks are used for short distances.
Buses. Chiang Mai is served by buses from Bangkok and many other cities.
Bicycle and motorbike. Both forms of transport can be hired in Chiang Mai city.
Air. Chiang Mai International Airport (CNX) is one of the seven Thai international airports

References 

Provinces of Thailand
East Brunswick, New Jersey

East Brunswick is a township in Middlesex County, New Jersey, United States. The suburban community is part of the New York City metropolitan area and is located on the southern shore of the Raritan River. It is adjacent to the city of New Brunswick.

History
The general area of central New Jersey was once occupied by the Lenape Native Americans.

References 

Townships in New Jersey
Middlesex County, New Jersey
Maria Teresa Felicitas d'Este

Marie Thérèse Félicité d'Este (; October 6, 1726 – April 30, 1754) was born a princess of Modena. By marriage, she was the Duchess of Penthièvre. She was the mother-in-law of Philippe Égalité and a grandmother to the future Louis Philippe I.

One of nine children, she was the first daughter of the family but her mother eventually returned to France to live. In France she was eventually engaged to the hugely wealthy Duke of Penthièvre, who was a distant cousin of hers. In France she was known as Marie Thérèse Félicité.

Marriage
in 1744 at the Palace of Versailles she was married to a second cousin, the French Louis Jean Marie de Bourbon, Duke of Penthièvre. A very happy marriage the couple had seven children in total but only two of them survived childhood.

Children

Louis Marie de Bourbon, Duke of Rambouillet (2 January 1746 – 13 November 1749) died young. 
Louis Alexandre de Bourbon, "Prince of Lamballe" (6 September 1747 –6 May 1768), married Princess Marie Louise of Savoy, Mademoiselle de Carignan but had no children.
 Jean Marie de Bourbon (Hôtel de Toulouse, Paris, 17 July 1748 – Hôtel de Toulouse, Paris, 19 May 1755), Duke of Châteauvillain died young.
 Vincent de Bourbon, Count of Guingamp (22 June 1750 – 14 March 1752) died young.
 Marie Louise de Bourbon, Mademoiselle de Penthièvre (18 October 1751 – 26 September 1753) died young.
 Louise Marie Adélaïde de Bourbon, Mademoiselle d'Ivoy and later Mademoiselle de Penthièvre (13 March 1753 – , 23 June 1821), married Philippe d'Orléans, Duke of Orléans and had children.
 Louis Marie Félicité de Bourbon (29 April 1754 – 30 April 1754) died young.

Death

Marie Thérèse Félicité died in childbirth in 1754 giving birth to a son who also died. Her husband refused to remarry and died in 1793. Her daughter Marie Adélaïde moved Marie Thérèse Félicité's body to the Royal Chapel, in Dreux.

Titles and styles

6 October 1726 - 29 December 1744 Her Most Serene Highness Princess Maria Teresa Felicitas.
29 December 1744 - 30 April 1754 Her Most Serene Highness The Duchess of Penthièvre.

Other websites
 

1726 births
1754 deaths
Deaths in childbirth
Dukes and duchesses of France
House of Bourbon
House of Este
People from Modena
László Sárosi (footballer)

László Sárosi (27 February 1932 – 2 April 2016) was a Hungarian footballer and coach. He played as a defender for Vasas and Hungary between the 1940s and 1960s. He was born in Budapest.

Sárosi died on 2 April 2016 in Budapest, aged 84.

References

1932 births
2016 deaths
1958 FIFA World Cup players
1962 FIFA World Cup players
Hungarian football managers
Hungarian footballers
Sportspeople from Budapest
Gallieno Ferri

Gallieno Ferri (21 March 1929 – 2 April 2016) was an Italian comic book artist and illustrator. In 1960, he met writer Sergio Bonelli. His partnership with Bonelli lead to the creation of the comic books Zagor and Mister No. He was born in Genoa.

Ferri died on 2 April 2016 in Genoa, aged 87.

References

1929 births
2016 deaths
Italian comics artists
Illustrators
People from Genoa
Colobus

Colobus are a genus of monkeys native to Africa. The word "colobus" comes from Greek κολοβός which means "docked". This refers to their thumbs, which are just stumps.

Colobus are herbivorous. They eat leaves, fruit, flowers, and twigs. Their habitats include primary and secondary forests, riverine forests, and wooded grasslands. Their ruminant-like digestive systems help them occupy niches which other primates do not live in.

Colobus live in territorial groups of about nine individuals, with a single male with a number of females and their offspring. Newborn colobus are completely white. Mothering is shared: other members of the troop the biological mother care for an infant.

Colobus are eaten regularly by the common chimpanzee. Jane Goodall discovered that chimps hunt and eat smaller primates such as Colobus monkeys. She watched a hunting group isolate a colobus high in a tree, block all possible exits, then a chimpanzee climbed up and captured and killed the colobus. The others then each took parts of the carcass, sharing with other members of the troop in response to begging behaviours. The chimps at Gombe kill and eat as much as one-third of the colobus population in the park each year. This was a major scientific find which challenged previous conceptions of chimp diet and behavior.

References 

Old World monkeys
Cave nebula

The Cave nebula is an emission nebula in the constellation of Cepheus. It is about 2,400 light-years away from Earth.

Nebulae
NGC 7538

NGC 7538 is a diffuse nebula in the constellation of Cepheus. It is about 9,100 light-years away from Earth.

Nebulae
NGC 6946

NGC 6946, also known as the Fireworks galaxy, Arp 29, and Caldwell 12, is a spiral galaxy in the constellation of Cepheus and Cygnus. It is about 22.5 million light-years away from Earth. It was discovered by William Herschel in September 9, 1798. It's highly obscured by interestellar matter, and it's very close to the galactic plane. It has a third of the Milky Way’s size.

Supernovae in NGC 6946 

Fireworks Galaxy has this name because of how many supernovae happened in the galaxy. The supernovae in this galaxy occur very frequently. In the last century a total of 9 supernovae were seen from this galaxy: SN 1917a, SN 1939c, SN 1948b, SNSN 1968d, SN 1969p, SN 1980k, SN 2002hh, SN 2004et, SN2008s.

Related pages
 Spiral galaxy
 Supernovae

References

Other websites
 APOD:2005 January 25 - NGC 6946
 
 Gemini Observatory Welcomes 2005 with Release of Galactic Fireworks Image - Gemini Observatory

Spiral galaxies
NGC 7090

NGC 7090 is a spiral galaxy in the Indus constellation. It is about 30 million light-years away from Earth.

Spiral galaxies
NGC 7049

NGC 7049 is an elliptical galaxy in the Indus constellation. It is about 101 million light-years away from Earth. A dust ring surrounds the galaxy, and can be observed in silhouette. The galaxy's center in enveloped in a polar gas cloud.

Elliptical galaxies
Tadpole galaxy

The Tadpole galaxy is a barred spiral galaxy in the Draco constellation. It is about 420 million light-years away from Earth.

Barred spiral galaxies
NGC 5907

NGC 5907 is a spiral galaxy in the Draco constellation. It is about 50 million light-years away from Earth.

Spiral galaxies
NGC 6503

NGC 6503 is a dwarf spiral galaxy in the Draco constellation. It is about 17 million light-years away from Earth.

Spiral galaxies
NGC 6543

NGC 6543 is a planetary nebula in the Draco constellation. It is about 3.3 thousand light-years away from Earth.

Nebulae
Pelican nebula

The Pelican nebula (also known as IC 5067 or IC 5070) is an H II region in the Cygnus constellation. It is about 1,800 light-years away from Earth.

Nebulae
North America nebula

The North America nebula (also known as NGC 7000 or Caldwell 20) is an emission nebula in the Cygnus constellation. It is about 1,600 light-years away from Earth.

Nebulae
Sneaker Pimps

The Sneaker Pimps are a British trip hop group. They formed in Hartlepool, England in 1994. They are best known for their songs "6 Underground" and "Spin Spin Sugar".

Their song, "6 Underground", went to #7 on Billboard Modern Rock Tracks chart.

The band's founding members were Liam Howe and Chris Corner. They then hired Kelli Dayton as a singer, and longtime friend Ian Pickering to write lyrics. Dayton was the original singer of the Sneaker Pimps.

After the first album, the band felt that demos for the 1999 album Splinter was better for the voice of Corner. Following the tour for their first album, Becoming X, they kicked Dayton out of the group. Dayton later had a solo career under the name "Kelli Ali".

The Sneaker Pimps broke up in 2005. They got back together in 2015.

References

Other websites
 
 
 

1994 establishments in England
1990s British music groups
2000s British music groups
2010s British music groups
English pop music groups
Hartlepool
Musical groups established in 1994
Trip hop groups
Musical groups disestablished in 2005
2005 disestablishments in England
Musical groups established in the 2010s
2015 establishments in Europe
2010s establishments in England
Louis Alexandre, Prince of Lamballe

Louis Alexandre de Bourbon (Louis Alexandre Joseph Stanislas; 6 September 1747 – 6 May 1768) was the son and heir of Louis Jean Marie de Bourbon, grandson of Louis XIV by the king's legitimised son, Louis Alexandre de Bourbon, Count of Toulouse. He was known as the Prince of Lamballe from birth. He died before his father, and did not have children.

Biography
Louis Alexandre was born on 6 September 1747, at the Hôtel de Toulouse in Paris. The prince de Lamballe, as he was known all his life, was the couple's only surviving son. He was one of seven children.

Marriage
His father chose his bride, the Italian born Princess Maria Luisa Teresa of Savoy "Mademoiselle de Carignan". The wedding celebration lasted from 17 January 1767, until 27 January with feasts in Turin and Nangis. Prior to the wedding, His father had arranged the marriage to try and get his son to settle down as he was a well known womaniser. However after three months of happiness, Louis Alexandre soon tired of his young wife and resumed his life of débaucherie. He eloped with Mademoiselle de La Chassaigne, an opera dancer, five months into his marriage. At one point, Louis Alexandre even sold his wife's diamonds to raise money to pay his debts.

Death
After a dissipated short life, Louis Alexandre died on 6 May 1768, sixteen months after his marriage, of a venereal disease at the Château de Louveciennes in the arms of his wife. He died without any children. His wife inherited part of his considerable fortune. He was eventually buried at the Royal Chapel, Dreux, France by his younger sister Louise Marie Adélaïde de Bourbon.

Titles, styles, honours and arms

Titles and styles

6 September 1747 – 6 May 1768 His Serene Highness the Prince of Lamballe

Commons

1747 births
1768 deaths
Heirs apparent who never acceded
House of Bourbon
Infectious disease deaths in France
People from Paris
Politicians from Paris
Iran men's national volleyball team

The Iran men's national volleyball team is the national men's volleyball team of Iran. It is managed by the Islamic Republic of Iran Volleyball Federation (I.R.I.V.F.). It joins international volleyball competitions. 

They are currently the strongest team in Asia.  They won the 2011 and 2013 Asian Volleyball Championships. They rank 10th in the FIVB World Rankings (as of September 2014). The team's home venues are Azadi Indoor Stadium and Azadi Volleyball Hall.

References

Other websites 
Official website
FIVB profile

National volleyball teams
Sport in Iran
Emil Keres

Emil Keres (9 July 1925 – 1 April 2016) was a Hungarian actor and theatre director. He started his career in 1950. He starred in over 100 stage productions. He also appeared in over ten movies, including Twenty Hours (1965). He was awarded the Kossuth Prize in 1965. He was born in Szombathely.

Keres died on 1 April 2016 at the age of 90.

References

Other websites
 

1925 births
2016 deaths
Hungarian movie actors
Hungarian stage actors
Hungarian television actors
IC 2118

IC 2118, also known as the Witch head nebula, is a reflection nebula in the constellation of Eridanus. It is about 900 light-years away from Earth.

Nebulae
NGC 1300

NGC 1300 is a barred spiral galaxy in the constellation of Eridanus. It is about 61 million light-years away from Earth. It has around 110,000 light-years of diameter, about the same size of the Milky Way galaxy. It is a member of a galaxy cluster, the Eridanus Cluster, consisting of at least 200 galaxies.

It was discovered by John Herschel in 1835, and was included in the New General Catalogue as the 1300th member. The galaxy is well known for its long, bright, barred galactic bulge.

Center 
The core of larger spiral arms of NGC 1300, the nucleus shows another inner grand-design spiral structure that is about 3,300 light-years long. These cases are rare, since it requires a galaxy with a large galaxy bars, to have the inner spiral. In a nutshell, the nucleus basically has another spiral arms in it, which makes it — a spiral in another spiral. Some models suggested that the arms can be pulled inwards, shaping a spiral into the nucleus, which may be pulled by the extreme gravity of a supermassive black hole at the very center of the galaxy.

NGC 1300 is not known to have an active nucleus, indicating it is not a quasar, nor accreting matter.

Barred spiral galaxies
NGC 6302

NGC 6302, also known as the bug nebula or the butterfly nebula, is a planetary nebula in the constellation of Scorpius. It is about 3.4 thousand light-years away from Earth.

The spectrum of NGC 6302 shows that its central star is one of the hottest stars in the galaxy. Its surface temperature is over 250,000 degrees Celsius. This means the star from which it formed must have been very large.

The central star, a white dwarf, was only recently discovered by the upgraded Wide Field Camera 3 on board the Hubble Space Telescope. 

The star now has a mass of about 0.64 solar masses. It is surrounded by a dense disc of gas and dust. This dense disc may have caused the star's outflows to form a bipolar structure like an hour-glass. This bipolar structure shows many interesting features seen in planetary nebulae such as ionization walls, knots and sharp edges to the lobes.

References 

Nebulae
Messier 7

Messier 7, also known as NGC 6475 or the Ptolemy cluster, is an open star cluster in the constellation of Scorpius. It is about 980 light-years away from Earth.

Open star clusters
Lagoon Nebula

The Lagoon nebula, also known as Messier 8 and NGC 6523, is an emission nebula, H II region and interstellar cloud in the constellation of Sagittarius. It is about 4,100 light-years away from Earth.

Nebulae
NGC 1672

NGC 1672 is a barred spiral galaxy in the Dorado constellation. It is about 60 million light-years away from Earth.

Barred spiral galaxies
Owl nebula

The Owl nebula is a planetary nebula in the constellation of Ursa Major. It is about 2,300 light-years away from Earth.

Nebulae
NGC 4102

NGC 4102 is a spiral galaxy in the constellation of Ursa Major. It is about 69 million light-years away from Earth.

Spiral galaxies
NGC 4605

NGC 4605 is a spiral galaxy in the constellation of Ursa Major. It is about 15 million light-years away from Earth.

Spiral galaxies
Messier 74

Messier 74, also known as NGC 628 and Phantom Galaxy is a spiral galaxy in the constellation of Pisces. It is about 32 million light-years away from Earth.

Spiral galaxies
NGC 488

NGC 488 is a spiral galaxy in the constellation of Pisces. It is about 90 million light years away from Earth. Its diametre isn't more than 171000 light years. This galaxy is considered a prototype galaxy with multiple arms. It has a group, the NGC 488 Group and it's the unique galaxy of the group that it's insolated.
It was discovered by William Herschel on 13 December 1784. In NGC 488 appeared 2 supernovae.

Related pages
 Pisces (constellation)
 New General Catalogue

References

Other websites
 
 NGC 488-Adam Block

Spiral galaxies
NGC 520

NGC 520 is a pair of colliding spiral galaxy in the constellation of Pisces. It is about 90 million light-years away from Earth.

Spiral galaxies
NGC 3521

NGC 3521 is a spiral galaxy in the constellation of Leo. It is about 26 million light-years away from Earth.

Spiral galaxies
Modulus

Modulus may refer to:

Math
Absolute value
Modulo operation
Modular arithmetic

Physics
Bulk modulus
Elastic modulus
Shear modulus
Young's modulus
Nikolai Bayev

Nikolai Bayev (, Nikoghayos Gevorkovich Bayev; October 6, 1875 – August 5, 1949) was an Armenian architect, who worked in Baku and in the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic.

Biography
Baev was born in Astrakhan in 1875. He was a relative and childhood friend of Mariinsky Theatre singer Nadezhda Papayan.  He studied in local gymnasium and then attended the Saint Petersburg Institute of Civil Engineering, from which he graduated in 1901. From 1911 to 1918 he worked as the main architect of Baku. During this period he constructed more than 100 buildings in Baku, including the Great Theatre of the Mailov Brothers (modern days Azerbaijan State Opera Theatre, 1911), Sabunchi Railway Station, a residential sector in the former Armenikend area of Baku, and other buildings.

In 1927 Bayev moved to Yerevan and from 1929 to 1930 worked as the head of ArmSelStroy (Armenian agency for rural construction), where he constructed about 200 buildings, among them Pioneer's Palace of Yerevan, State Bank of Armenian SSR, Ministry of Justice, Yerevan Mechanical factory, old hall of Sundukyan Theatre, "Ararat" trust buildings, etc. In 1945 he was awarded by the Honorary diploma of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Armenian SSR.

He was a member of Armenian Union of Architects (1942). Bayev's personal archive (1896-1949) is a part of Yerevan State Archive.

References

Bibliography
 Edmond Tigranyan «Activity of Armenian architects in South Caucasus», Yerevan, 2003 - ISBN  978-99930-0-052-5
 (in Russian) Ерканян В.С. Армянская культура в 1800-1917 гг. / Пер. с арм. К.С. Худавердяна. Ер., 1985
 (in Armenian)  The Historical-Cultural Heritage of the Armenian Highland, International Conference, Armenia, 2012 / The Role of Armenian Architects in the Formation of Architectural image of City Baku, by Ter-Minasyan A., National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, Institute of Arts

Other websites
 Nikoghayos Baev 
 It is a taboo in Azerbaijan that some of best buildings in Baku were constructed by Armenian architects, says Yerevans major architect. Aravot daily, february 2013

1875 births
1949 deaths
Architects
Armenian people
Soviet people
Russian people
The Sundays

The Sundays were an English alternative rock band. They formed in the late 1980s. They released three albums in the 1990s.

The band started when Harriet Wheeler and guitarist David Gavurin met.

The Sundays got a record deal with the Rough Trade Records. Their first single, "Can't be Sure", was released in 1989. Their first album, Reading, Writing and Arithmetic, was released in 1990. The album got very positive reviews. It entered the UK chart at #4. Later in 1990, the album peaked at #39 in the United States. Its success came mostly from radio stations playing "Here's Where the Story Ends".

In late October 1992, the next album, Blind, was released. This album was also successful when it peaked at #103 on the Billboard 200. Blind sold half a million copies. The reviews were positive. Some critics thought the album didn't have the quality songwriting of the first album.

In autumn 1997, after five years, their third record, Static & Silence, was released. It got mixed reviews. "Summertime", the first song on the album, was their most successful song the UK Charts up to that time.

The Sundays took a break after the album Static & Silence.

References

1980s British music groups
1988 establishments in the United Kingdom
1990s British music groups
1990s disestablishments in the United Kingdom
British rock bands
Musical groups established in 1988
Musical groups disestablished in 1997
Alessandro Moreschi

Alessandro Moreschi (11 November 1858 – 21 April 1922) was a castrato singer of the late 19th century and the only castrato to make solo recordings.

Recordings 

All of Moreschi's recordings were made in Rome in two recording sessions for the Gramophone & Typewriter Company.  The first series of recordings were made on 3 and 5 April 1902 by Will and Fred Gaisberg.  Eighteen usable sides by the members of the Sistine Chapel Choir were made on wax. Four of them were solos by Moreschi. 

Many years later Fred Gaisburg remembered making these historic first recordings in the Vatican: "Selecting a great salon with walls covered with Titians, Raphaels, and Tintorettos, we mounted our grimy machine right in the middle of the floor." 

The second set of recordings was made in Rome in April 1904.

Sistine choir 
Alessandro was a member of the Sistine choir until Easter 1913.  He then retired and got a pension after thirty years' service.

Retirement and death
In retirement, Moreschi lived in his apartment, a few minutes' walk from the Vatican.  He died there at sixty-three, possibly of pneumonia. His funeral mass was a large and public affair in the church of San Lorenzo in Damaso.

References

Other websites 
 1904 Recording of Bach/Gounod: Ave Maria

1858 births
1922 deaths
Opera
Italian singers
Deaths from pneumonia
Italian Roman Catholics
Saga

Sagas are stories mostly about ancient Nordic and Germanic life. Some are entirely invented, and some have an historical basis.

They tell about early Viking voyages, the battles that took place during the voyages, about migration to Iceland and of feuds between Icelandic families. They were written in the Old Norse language, mainly in Iceland.

The texts are tales in prose which share some similarities with the epic, often with stanzas or whole poems in alliterative verse embedded in the text, of heroic deeds of days long gone, "tales of worthy men," who were often Vikings, sometimes pagan, sometimes Christian.  They are sometimes romanticised and fantastic, but always dealing with human beings one can understand.

The best sagas are recognised as fine literature. Njál's Saga, or the Saga of Burnt Njál, is one of the most famous.

In Old English (Anglo-Saxon), Beowulf is a saga written in England, and so is the later Gawain and the Green Knight, written in a West Midlands dialect. These are both works of the imagination, but Layamon's Brut (about 1200 AD) is based on English history since the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle.

Sagas of Icelanders
"The Icelandic sagas are the backbone of all ... literature" from the Nordic countries, says Roy Jacobsen  (en), a translator of Sagas of Icelanders, and author.

List of the Sagas of Icelandic’s 

The saga of Gísli Súrsson; or Gísla saga - (two versions) of an outlaw poet – Gísla saga
The saga of the people of Eyri; or Eyrbyggja saga
Ljósvetninga saga
Vatnsdøla
The Saga of the People of Laxárdalr; or Laxdøla saga
Valla-Ljóts saga
The Saga of Hen-Thorir; or Hænsna-Þóris saga
The saga of Gunnlaugr Snake-tongue; or Saga of Gunnlaugr Serpent-Tongue
Bandamanna saga
Egil's Saga
Hardar saga; or Harðar saga ok Hólmverja
Rankel saga
 Bárðar saga Snæfellsáss
 Bjarnar saga Hítdœlakappa
 Droplaugarsona saga
 Eiríks saga rauða – Saga of Erik the Red
 Færeyinga saga
 Finnboga saga ramma
 Fljótsdæla saga
 Flóamanna saga
 Fóstbrœðra saga (two versions)
 Grettis saga - Saga of Grettir the Strong
 Grœnlendinga saga – Greenland saga
 Gull-Þóris saga
 Gunnars saga Keldugnúpsfífls
 Hallfreðar saga (two versions)
 Harðar saga ok Hólmverja
 Hávarðar saga Ísfirðings – The saga of Hávarður of Ísafjörður
 Heiðarvíga saga
 Hrafnkels saga
 Hrana saga hrings (post-medieval)
 Kjalnesinga saga
 Kormáks saga
 Króka-Refs saga
 Laurentius Saga
 Ljósvetninga saga (three versions)
 Njáls saga
 Reykdœla saga ok Víga-Skútu
 Svarfdœla saga
 Valla-Ljóts saga
 Víga-Glúms saga
 Víglundar saga
 Vápnfirðinga saga
 Þorsteins saga hvíta
 Þorsteins saga Síðu-Hallssonar
 Þórðar saga hreðu
 Ölkofra saga

References 

Epic poems
Institut aéronautique Jean Mermoz

The Institut aéronautique Jean Mermoz (IAJM) is a French airline pilot school created in 1957. It is in Rungis, Ile-de-France
The school is famous for its aviation books, published in French and also in English since 2016, thanks to a cooperation with the French Civil Aviation University.
The school is member of the International Association of Aviation Personnel Schools and is in partnership with the aerospace university IPSA to offer a double-degree MSc in aviation / airline pilot.

References

Further reading 
 Official

1957 establishments in France
Aviation in France
Education in France
Île-de-France
Rosendale Trestle

The Rosendale Trestle is a bridge in Ulster County, New York. It was completed in 1872. It also was a railroad. It is 940 feet.

Map

References 

 

1872 establishments in the United States
1870s establishments in New York (state)
Bridges in New York
Least squares

Least squares is the name of a procedure in mathematics, to construct a function from a number of observed values. The basic idea is to construct the function in such a way that the sum of the difference between the observed value and its data point is minimized. Since the difference may go in either direction, the value of the difference is squared, for each value.

Carl Friedrich Gauss said he developed the method in 1795. He used it to recover the lost asteroid 1 Ceres and published it in 1807. He used ideas from Pierre-Simon Laplace. Adrien-Marie Legendre developed the same method independently, in 1805.

Related pages 
 Normal distribution
 Ordinary least squares

Further reading
 Lawson, C. L., & Hanson, R. J. (1995). Solving least squares problems (Vol. 15). SIAM.
 Bjorck, A. (1996). Numerical methods for least squares problems (Vol. 51). SIAM.

Mathematical approximation
Statistics
Rights of Englishmen

The Rights of Englishmen is an assumed group of rights that had its roots in the basic rights granted in the Magna Carta. The idea reached its peak during the British settlement of North America. By this time colonial Englishmen felt they were entitled to certain additional rights and liberties. These were over and above those already granted them by the English Monarchy. One of these perceived rights was the idea of no taxation without representation. This was a grievance of British colonists who believed that they were not directly represented in the British Parliament. They believed that any laws it passed affecting the colonists (such as the Sugar Act and the Stamp Act) were illegal under the Bill of Rights 1689, and were a denial of their rights as Englishmen. This led to the American Revolution and is expressed in the Declaration of Independence as "certain unalienable rights". They stopped thinking of themselves as Englishman and became Americans.

References 

Human rights
Colonial Americans
Gulf War oil spill

The Gulf War oil spill happened in January of 1991 during the Gulf War when Iraq troops were retreating from Kuwait. Shortly after Coalition forces (made up of 39 countries) started the air campaign against Iraq, Iraqi soldiers opened the valves at the Sea Island oil terminal. This released between five and ten million gallons of oil into the Persian Gulf—the largest oil spill in history. The spill was an environmental disaster. It destroyed the coastal habitats and marine wildlife in Kuwait and Saudi Arabia.

References 

1991 in Asia
Disasters in Asia
Disasters in the 1990s
20th century in Iraq
Kuwait
Hadizatou Mani

Hadizatou Mani (born 1984) is a human rights activist from Niger. In 2009, Mani received an International Women of Courage Award.

Life 

In 1996, Mani was sold as a slave for $500. She was 12 years old. 

In 2003, slavery became illegal in Niger.  Mani’s master did not tell her.  Later, he said Mani was his wife, not his slave. 

Mani received her "certificate of liberation" in 2005, and she got married. Her old master took her to court for bigamy. She got a prison sentence of six months. 

Mani took the case to court.  She worked with Timidria, a local NGO, and Anti-Slavery International, a British NGO. he brought the case to the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS).   In 2008, ECOWAS said that Niger did not protect her rights.  They said Niger had to pay her a fine of 10 million CFA francs.

Awards 

In 2009 Mani was named one of the Time 100 people. 
In 2009 Mani received the International Women of Courage Award from the U.S. State Department.

References  

1984 births
Women who received the International Women of Courage Award
Nigerien people
Human rights activists
Living people
CFA franc

The West African CFA franc is the currency of eight countries in West Africa: Benin, Burkina Faso, Guinea-Bissau, Ivory Coast, Mali, Niger, Sénégal and Togo. CFA means Communauté Financière d'Afrique ("Financial Community of Africa") or Communauté Financière Africaine ("African Financial Community").

The Central African CFA franc has the same value as the West African CFA franc.

References  

Currency of Africa