cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Clovis I

Clovis I (variously spelled Chlodowech or Chlodwig, giving modern French Louis and modern German Ludwig) (c. 466 – November 27, 511) was the first king of the Franks who united that nation. He succeeded his father Childeric I in 481 as King of the Salian Franks, one of two main groups of Frankish tribes, They were occupying the area west of the lower Rhine at that time, with their centre around Tournai and Cambrai along the modern frontier between France and Belgium. Clovis conquered the neighbouring Frankish tribes and established himself as sole king before his death.

Clovis converted to Catholicism, as opposed to the Arian Christianity that was common among Germanic peoples, because his wife, the Burgundian Clotilde, was a Catholic. He was baptized in the Cathedral of Reims. This act was very important in the following history of France and Western Europe in general, because he expanded his reign over almost all of the old Roman province of Gaul (roughly modern France). He is considered to be the founder both of France (which his state closely resembled geographically at his death) and the Merovingian dynasty, which ruled the Franks for the next two centuries.

Place of birth : Tournai (Belgium),  Place of death : Paris (France).

Notes

Sources 

 Daly, William M., "Clovis: How Barbaric, How Pagan?" Speculum 69.3 July 1994, pp. 619–664.
 James, Edward. The Origins of France: Clovis to the Capetians 500-1000. Macmillan, 1982.
 Kaiser, Reinhold. Das römische Erbe und das Merowingerreich. München 2004. (Enzyklopädie deutscher Geschichte 26)
 Oman, Charles. The Dark Ages 476-918. Rivingtons: London, 1914.
 Wallace-Hadrill, J. M. The Long-haired Kings. London, 1962.
 The Oxford Merovingian Page.

466 births
511 deaths
Converts to Christianity
Kings and Queens of France
Merovingian dynasty

The Merovingians were a dynasty of Frankish kings who ruled in the region of ancient Gaul (more or less modern France), from the fifth to the 8th century when the Carolingian dynasty took control.

They were sometimes referred to as the "long-haired kings" (Latin reges criniti) by people of the time, for their symbolically uncut hair (traditionally the tribal leader of the Franks wore his hair long, while the warriors trimmed theirs short). The term is drawn directly from Germanic, akin to their dynasty's Old English name Merewīowing.

The Merovingian dynasty owes its name to the semi-legendary Merovech (or Merowig, sometimes Latinised as Meroveus or Merovius), leader of the Salian Franks from c.447 to 457. Clovis I went on to unite most of Gaul north of the Loire under his control around 486, when he defeated Syagrius, the Roman ruler in those parts.

Related pages
 Franks (main history of Frankish kingdoms)

References 
 Beyerle, F and R. Buchner: Lex Ribuaria in MGH, Hannover 1954.
 Eugen Ewig: Die Merowinger und das Frankenreich. Stuttgart: Kohlhammer, 2001.
 Patrick J. Geary: Before France and Germany: The Creation and Transformation of the Merovingian World, Oxford & New York: Oxford University Press, 1998.
 Kaiser, Reinhold: Das römische Erbe und das Merowingerreich, (Enzyklopädie deutscher Geschichte 26) (München, 2004)
 Rouche, Michael: "Private life conquers State and Society" in Paul Veyne (ed.), A History of Private Life: 1. From Pagan Rome to Byzantium, Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press, 1987.
 Werner, Karl Ferdinand: Die Ursprünge Frankreichs bis zum Jahr 1000, Stuttgart 1989.
 Oman, Charles: The Dark Ages 476-918, London, 1914.
 Wood, Ian: "The Merovingian Kingdoms: 450-751", New York: Longman Press, 1994.

Other websites 
 The Oxford Merovingian Page .
 From Merovingians to Carolingians: Dynastic Change in Frankia .
 Dr Deborah Vess: Merovingian and Carolingian bibliography, sources and web links .

History of Europe
Royal dynasties
History of France
Dale Earnhardt

Ralph Dale Earnhardt, Sr. (April 29, 1951 – February 18, 2001) was an American NASCAR driver. He is the father of race car driver Dale Earnhardt, Jr. He started Dale Earnhardt, Inc., also called DEI. Earnhardt died in a crash during the Daytona 500 in 2001. The accident happened a few seconds before his own son came second in that race, and a DEI car driven by Michael Waltrip won the race. He died because he was trying to hold everybody back so his son (Dale Earnhardt Jr.) could maybe win the race. While he was trying to do that, someone bumped his car, he lost control and crashed into the wall. After that they took him to the hospital and he died.

Early life 
Earnhardt respected his father, who quit school in sixth grade, His father worked hard and started driving for NASCAR, eventually entering the NASCAR Hall-of-Fame.

References

Other websites 

1951 births
2001 deaths
Deaths in sport
People from Kannapolis, North Carolina
Sportspeople from North Carolina
NASCAR drivers
American racecar drivers
Hideshi Hino

Hideshi Hino (日野日出志 Hino Hideshi, born April 19, 1946) is a Japanese manga artist. He draws and writes horror stories. Some of the books he has written are: Hino Horror, Panorama of Hell, and Hell Baby. He has also made and been in horror movies.

Movies

References 

1946 births
Living people
Japanese manga artists
Salland

Salland is a historical region in the west and north of the present Dutch province of Overijssel.

History
The history of Salland goes back to the early Middle Ages, when the four quarters of Oversticht (Salland, Twente, Land van Vollenhove and Drenthe) came together.
Salland (and nearby areas) may have been the early seat of the Salian Franks, the founders of the modern Dutch and French nations.

Geography
Salland is bound to the west by the provincial border with Gelderland, which is partly formed by river IJssel; to the north by the Meppelerdiep stream and the provincial border with Drenthe, which partly consists of the Reest stream; to the east by the borders with the German state of Lower Saxony and the eastern Overijssel region of Twente; and to the south by the border with the Gelderland region of Achterhoek, part of which is formed by the Schipbeek stream.

Geologically, most of Salland's landscape consists of a lowland covered with river sediment.

Municipalities 
These 13 municipalities belong to Salland region:

 Dalfsen
 Deventer (also part of IJsselvallei region)
 Hardenberg
 Hellendoorn (small part in Twente region)
 Kampen (also part of IJsselvallei and Kop van Overijssel regions)
 Olst-Wijhe (also part of IJsselvallei region)
 Ommen

 Raalte
 Rijssen-Holten (partially in Twente)
 Staphorst (also part of Kop van Overijssel region)
 Twenterand (partially in Twente)
 Zwartewaterland (also part of Kop van Overijssel region)
 Zwolle (also part of IJsselvallei region)

Related pages 
 Achterhoek
 Kop van Overijssel
 Twente

References 
 Plaatsengids.nl

Other websites 
 Salland Natuurlijk Gastvrij, pages of the Salland Board of Tourism (in Dutch)

 
Regions of the Netherlands
Darkthrone

Darkthrone is a black metal band from Norway.

Albums 
Soulside Journey
A Blaze In The Northern Sky
Under A Funeral Moon
Transilvanian Hunger
Panzerfaust
Total Death
Goatlord
Ravishing Grimness
Plaguevielder
Hate Them
The Cult Is Alive 
F.O.A.D.
Dark Thrones and Black Flags
Circle the Wagons
The Underground Resistance
Arctic Thunder
Old Star
Eternal Hails......

References

Norwegian heavy metal bands
Black metal bands
Death metal bands
Minutemen (band)

The Minutemen were a very well known American hardcore punk band from the 1980s.  The people in the band were D. Boon on guitar, Mike Watt on bass guitar and George Hurley on drums.

The Minutemen were formed in January of 1980 and began to record music that same year.  They gave to the public their first EP, called Paranoid Time, that year.  Over the next five years, the Minutemen went on many music playing trips and made many albums.  Some of their most well kown albums are What Makes a Man Start Fires? and Double Nickels on the Dime.

The band was forced to split in 1985 due to the death of D. Boon.  Boon was killed in a car crash when his girlfriend fell asleep at the wheel.  After Boon's death, Watt and Hurley formed the band fIREHOSE with Minutemen fan Ed Crawford.  fIREHOSE played until 1994 when they broke up.  Since the breakup of fIREHOSE, Mike Watt has played in several bands and also his own solo career.

1980s American music groups
American punk bands
American rock bands
Musical groups from California
Hammurabi

Hammurabi (Akkadian from Amorite ˤAmmurāpi, meaning "the kinsman is a healer," from ˤAmmu, meaning "paternal kinsman", and Rāpi, meaning "healer"), was the sixth king of Babylon from 1792 BC to 1750 BC. He became king after his father abdicated, and was the first ruler of Babylonia. By winning wars against other kingdoms in Mesopotamia, Hammurabi created a large Babylonian empire. However, his son Samsu-iluna and later Babylonian rulers lost much of the land he had gained. 

Hammurabi is most famous for his laws, which are known as the Hammurabi's Code. Hammurabi's Code was one of the first written codes of law in history.

History 

Hammurabi became king of Babylon in around 1792 BC, when his father Sin-Muballit abdicated. Babylon was one of many small independent cities in ancient Mesopotamia. These cities often fought each other for control of land. Babylon was already one of the more powerful cities when Hammurabi became king. Earlier kings of Babylon had taken over the nearby city-states of Borsippa, Kish, and Sippar. 

Hammurabi did not fight any important wars in the early part of his reign. He instead improved the buildings of Babylon. He built taller city walls to make the city more difficult to attack, and expanded the temples. In around 1771 BC, the kingdom of Elam attacked Mesopotamia from the east. Elam invaded Eshnunna, a city-state to the north-east of Babylon, and destroyed its cities. It also tried to start a war between Babylon and Larsa, a city in southern Mesopotamia. However, Hammurabi instead made an alliance with Larsa against Elam. Hammurabi defeated Elam, but felt that Larsa had not given him enough help. He therefore attacked Larsa. Babylon had entirely conquered southern Mesopotamia by c. 1763 BC.

Hammurabi's allies in northern Mesopotamia had sent their armies to the south to help Babylon. This caused unrest in the northern area.  Hammurabi therefore returned north, stopping the unrest, and defeating Eshnunna. He then attacked and conquered the remaining cities in northern Mesopotamia, including Babylon's former ally Mari. It is possible that Mari surrendered to Babylon without any fighting happening. After this, Hammurabi was in control of most of Mesopotamia. Only Aleppo and Qatna, two western cities in modern Syria remained independent. When Hammurabi died in c. 1750 BC, his son Samsu-iluna became king.

Notes

Other websites

Mesopotamian people
18th century BC
Kings and queens
Double Nickels on the Dime

Double Nickels on the Dime is a hardcore punk album made by the Minutemen.  The album was recorded in 1984 and was given to the public in the same year.  The album is very long and has 43 songs.  It is thought to be a very good album and one of the best of the genre.

Song List
D.'s Car Jam/Anxious Mofo
Theatre Is the Life of You
Viet Nam
Cohesion
It's Expected I'm Gone
 #1 Hit Song
Two Beads at the End
Do You Want New Wave or Do You Want the Truth?
Don't Look Now (Song was first by Creedence Clearwater Revival)
Shit from an Old Notebook
Nature Without Man
One Reporter's Opinion
Political Song for Michael Jackson to Sing
Maybe Partying Will Help
Toadies
Retreat
The Big Foist
God Bows to Math
Corona
The Glory of Man
Take 5, D.
My Heart and the Real World
History Lesson, Pt. 2
You Need the Glory
The Roar of the Masses Could Be Farts
West Germany
The Politics of Time
Themselves
Please Don't Be Gentle With Me
Nothing Indeed
No Exchange
There Ain't Shit on T.V. Tonight
This Ain't No Picnic
Spillage
Untitled Song for Latin America
Jesus and Tequila
June 16th
Storm in My House
Martin's Story
Doctor Wu (Song was first by Steely Dan)
The World According to Nouns
Love Dance
Three Car Jam

1984 albums
Punk albums
Timbaland

Timothy Zachery Mosley, also known as Timbaland, (born March 10, 1972) is a Grammy Award-winning American record producer, record executive, rapper, singer, songwriter and DJ. He is from Norfolk, Virginia.

Timbaland owns his own record label, Mosley Music Group, which is under Universal Music Group. Timbaland has also taught and nurtured other record producers like Danja, Polow da Don, Ryan Tedder and Jim Beanz.

Single

Solo

As featured performer

References

Other websites
Official site
Mosley Music Group site 

African American musicians
Rap musicians from Virginia
American R&B musicians
American record producers
People from Virginia Beach, Virginia
Singers from Virginia
1972 births
Living people
Melvins

The Melvins are an American rock band. They are from the city of Aberdeen, Washington. The only members who have been in the band for a long time are Buzz "King Buzzo" Osborne who plays guitar and Dale Crover who plays drums. Coady Willis who plays drums (in addition to Dale) and Jared Warren who plays bass guitar are also currently in the band. A variety of terms have been used to describe their style of music, including 'sludge metal', 'grunge', and 'stoner rock'.

Buzz Osborne started Melvins in early 1983.

References

1980s American music groups
1990s American music groups
2000s American music groups
2010s American music groups
American rock bands
American heavy metal bands
Grunge bands
Musical groups from Washington
Musical groups established in 1983
1983 establishments in the United States
1980s establishments in Washington (state)
1337



Events 
 March 16 - Edward, the Black Prince is crowned Duke of Cornwall.
 The Hundred Years' War (c. 1337–1453) begins between France and England.
 Philip VI of France confiscates Aquitaine.

Births 
 Louis II, Duke of Bourbon (d. 1410)

Deaths 
 January 8 - Giotto di Bondone, Italian Painter (b. 1267)
 June 7 - William III, Count of Hainaut
 June 25 - Frederick III of Sicily (b. 1272)
 date unknown
 Mansa Musa, 14th century King of the Malinese Empire

Also see :Category:1337 deaths .

Other websites 
 Prime Curios
Birth name

A birth name is the family name someone has when he or she is born, or at least from the time he or she is a child. This term can be used by a man or a woman who changes a name later in life for any reason.

A maiden name is the family name—usually the birth name—a woman has before she marries.

A married name is the family name taken by a married person at the time of the marriage. The most common example is when a woman takes the family name of her spouse at the time of marriage. But sometimes a man changes his name at marriage. Also, sometimes both people change their names, such as to a hyphenated or other mixed name.

Sometimes the words "né" (for a man) or "née" (for a woman) are used to show a birth name or maiden name. These words mean "born", and are borrowedv.2 from French.

Surnames
Tom Whedon

Tom Whedon is an American television writer. He has written for many series, for example, Benson, Alice and The Golden Girls. Whedon also wrote for the children's series The Electric Company. 

He is the father of Deadwood script writer Zack Whedon. Whedon is also the father of writer/producer/director Joss Whedon, the creator of Buffy the Vampire Slayer, Angel, and Firefly.

Other websites 
 

American screenwriters
Year of birth missing (living people)
Zack Whedon

Zack Whedon (born August 14, 1979) is an American television writer. He graduated from Wesleyan University in 2002 with a movie degree. Whedon has written for the HBO series Deadwood. He is the son of writer Tom Whedon and the brother of writer-producer-director Joss Whedon.
Whedon has also done work on his brother's series Angel as well as collaborated with his brother on the internet only serial Dr. Horrible's Sing-Along Blog.

He was a writer for the J.J. Abrams show Fringe.

References

Other websites

American screenwriters
Living people
1979 births
Langnau im Emmental

Langnau im Emmental ('Langnau in the Emmental') is a small village in the Emmental, in the canton of Bern. It is by the river Ilfis between the cities of Bern and Luzern. It has a population of about 8800 people. Most of the people of the village work in the building trades.

Langnau has an Ice hockey Club, called the SCL Tigers. They have their home stadium in Langnau.

References

Other websites

 Official website of Langnau 

Municipalities of Bern
Muri bei Bern

Muri bei Bern is a township in Switzerland near Bern. In December 2005, it had a population of 12458 people. The township Muri is two small towns: Muri and Gümligen

History
Muri has been populated since the time of the Romans, but it has only had the name Muri since 1180. It started as a little township with a little castle and some farmhouses. Between the 13th and 15th century it became a very rich township.

Places of interest
The Aare flows through Muri
The castle of Muri
The Villa Mettlen (a villa that is build from a rich man and now it is a music school)
The church Muri
The Auguetbrücke (an old bridge over the Aare)

Geography
In Muri it has two big woods; The Hüendli-Wald and the Dentenberg-Wald. Around the Aare it has also a little woods. All together it has 150 hectares of woods, 190 hectares of grassland and 339 hectares of building land. Also Muri has a total area of 760 hectares.

References

Other websites 

Official site

Cities in Switzerland
Municipalities of Bern
The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess

is a video game in The Legend of Zelda group of games. The game is both for the Nintendo GameCube and for the Wii. The game is played like most of the past Zelda games, but in this game a player can also change into a wolf using the magic power of Midna, a Twili who helps the player defeat Zant, a crazy Twili under the influence of Ganondorf, who he believed to be a dark god. The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess was liked by many people and sold more than a million copies. Players still get the Master Sword like in many other Zelda games. The Official Nintendo Magazine said it was the 16th best Nintendo game of all time.  A remake for the Wii U was released in March 2016 known as The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess HD.

References

2006 video games
Nintendo GameCube games
Twilight Princess
Wii games
The Legend of Zelda (video game)

is the first video game in The Legend of Zelda series of games. The game was made by a Japanese man named Shigeru Miyamoto. It was sold to stores by Nintendo in 1986. The game was sold to be played on the Nintendo Entertainment System. In the game the player plays as a hero named Link. Link must save Princess Zelda from a powerful person named Ganon. It was the first game to let the player continue where they last played the game after they had turned the game off. The game also let the player go wherever they wanted to go at any time in the game's world. The game was very popular. Many more Zelda games were made because of it.

Related pages
Legend of Zelda

References

Notes

1986 video games
The Legend of Zelda games
Nintendo Entertainment System games
Virtual Console games for Wii U
The Legend of Zelda: The Wind Waker

The Legend of Zelda: The Wind Waker, known in Japan as  is the tenth game in The Legend of Zelda group of games. It was made for the Nintendo GameCube and was sold in stores in the year 2002 in Japan and the year 2003 in America. The game takes place on a big ocean with a few small islands that the player can sail to on a boat. The game is similar to The Legend of Zelda: Ocarina of Time. The game is the first Cel-shaded Legend of Zelda game, which means the game looks like a cartoon. The game's story takes place hundreds of years after The Legend of Zelda: Ocarina of Time and the story also continues with the game's sequels, The Legend of Zelda: Phantom Hourglass and The Legend of Zelda: Spirit Tracks, both released for the Nintendo DS in 2007 and 2009, respectively.

On January 23, 2013, Nintendo announced a high definition remake of the game for the Wii U called The Legend of Zelda: The Wind Waker HD. It was released in North America on September 20, 2013, in Japan on September 26, 2013, in Europe on October 4, 2013, and in Australia on October 5, 2013. It includes an updated art style and Miiverse support.

References

2003 video games
2013 video games
Nintendo GameCube games
Wii U games
Wind Waker
Deadliest Catch

The Deadliest Catch is a reality television series on the Discovery Channel, about Alaskan king crab fishing. The series shows people fishing for crabs in the Bering Sea near Alaska. The series is named "Deadliest Catch" because the crew of these boats are at a high risk of death or injury due to the dangerous places and weather of the sea during the seasons they fish, earning the title of most dangerous job in the world.

2005 television series debuts
American reality television series
English-language television programs
Garage rock

Garage rock is a raw and energetic style of rock and roll that was popular in the mid-1960s in the United States,  Canada, and other countries.  It has experienced several more recent revivals.  In the beginning, it was not yet defined as a musical genre. Attention to the sound from rock critics in the early 1970s helped it become appreciated as a genre.

It is called "garage rock" because many of the groups that played it were made up of young amateurs, often in high school and college, who sometimes rehearsed in their families' garages. Some of the bands were older and professional.  The groups in this genre are often referred to as "garage bands".

The style, which led up to psychedelic rock, often had simple lyrics and sometimes used guitars distorted through a device called a fuzzbox.  Surf rock was an early influence. Later the Beatles and the beat groups of the British Invasion became popular. This led to many aspiring musicians to form bands in the United States and elsewhere between 1963 and 1968.  Some bands produced regional hits, and a few even had national chart hits.  

With the rise of psychedelia, a number of garage bands started to add strange and exotic elements to their sound, but after 1968, as more complex forms of rock music took over, garage rock records declined in popularity.

In the early 1970s certain critics began to refer to the style as "punk rock", which made it the first form of music to use that name. It is sometimes called "garage punk", "protopunk", or "'60s punk" to set it apart from the more well-known punk rock movement that came later in 1970s. The garage rock style has been revived several times in recent decades and continues to influence many modern groups who prefer a "back to basics" and "do it yourself" musical approach.

Other websites 
 '60s Garage Bands – histories of local and regional bands of the 1960s
 Beyond the Beat Generation – interviews with former members of 1960s garage bands
 Everett True's Australian Garage Rock Primer - about Australian garage rock bands of the 1960s and later
 G45 Central  - website and blog with discussions about garage rock 
 Garage Hangover – garage bands of the 1960s by state, province and country
 GS  - about the 'group sounds' garage/beat boom in Japan
It's Psychedelic Baby - articles, interviews, and reviews of 1960s psychedelic and garage acts
 Start - Website covering as many as 1400 Dutch 'Nederbeat' bands of the 1960s (in both Dutch and English)
 Ugly Things - magazine with information on garage rock and vintage from the 1960s and other eras

Rock music
Psychedelic rock

Psychedelic rock is a style of rock music. It was very popular in the 1960s when it started, and still has many fans today.  It was first made in San Francisco, but it also was made in other cities such as New York City, and in other countries including England.  

Psychedelic rock songs sometimes have lyrics describing the effects of drugs, if any words at all. Songs were sometimes very long (10-15 minutes), and much of this time might be taken up by a solo, like a drum solo or a guitar solo. Some major groups that made psychedelic rock included: The Beatles, The Doors, The Byrds, The Grateful Dead, The Who, Jimi Hendrix, Jefferson Airplane, Pink Floyd, Frank Zappa and The Animals.

Psychedelic rock was popular music for listening to when getting high with hashish or LSD, or both. During Grateful Dead concerts, some people actually sat inside the huge speakers that the Grateful Dead brought to their concerts.

Other websites

Rock music
Music in San Francisco
Doppelgänger

A doppelgänger or a doppelganger is a German word used in English to talk about any double or someone who looks exactly like another person — most commonly an "evil twin". In some folklore, seeing another family or friend's doppelganger means they will have an illness, or that they are in danger. Seeing your own doppelganger means you will most likely die. Some myths offer explanations that focus on magic, where the doppelganger is created by some kind of curse or through magic. These doppelgängers are usually, but not always, bad in some way. Doppelgängers can sometimes be seen in books, movies, and other fiction as part of their stories.
Folklore
Absurd (band)

Absurd is a national socialistic black metal band from Germany. The band was formed in 1992. Frontman of this band is Neo Nazi and former Satanist Hendrik Möbus

The band became notable after its (original) members murdered the 15-year-old Sandro Beyer in 1993. These members are no longer in the band. It is believed that Beyer knew of a relationship between Schauseil's and a married woman. She had been spreading rumors about this and other things the band was doing. On 29 April in Sondershausen, Möbus, Schauseil, and Kirchner met with Beyer. The strangled him there with an electrical cord. Kirchner was reported as saying: “Oh shit—now I’ve completely ruined my life.” Schauseil said he heard voices in his head saying “Kuster Maier”. This made no sense but was interpreted by him as “töte Beyer” (‘kill Beyer’).

Discography

Demos 
 Eternal Winter (1992)
 God's Death (1992)
 Death from the Forest (1993)
 Sadness (1993)
 Out of the Dungeon (1994)
 Ubungsraum (1994)
 Thuringian Pagan Madness (1995)
 Sonnenritter (1999)

Albums 
 Facta Loquuntur (No Colours, 1996)
 Werwolfthron (Nebelfee Klangwerke, 2001)
 Totenlieder (Nebelfee Klangwerke, 2003)
 Blutgericht (Nebelfee Klangwerke 2005)
 Der Fünfzehnjährige Krieg (Darker Than Black / Nebelklang, 2008)
 Das neue Blutgericht (2018)

EPs/splits 
 God's Death / Sadness (self-released, 1994)
 Totenburg / Die Eiche split with Heldentum (Burznazg / Silencelike Death, 1997)
 Asgardsrei EP (IG Farben, 1999)
 Wolfskrieger/Galdur Vikodlaks split with Pantheon (Nebelfee Klangwerke, 2002)
 Raubritter (EP) EP (Nebelfee Klangwerke, 2004)
 Ein kleiner Vorgeschmack single (Nebelfee Klangwerke, 2005)
 Grimmige Volksmusik EP (Nebelfee Klangwerke, 2005)
 Raubritter / Grimmige Volksmusik (Darker Than Black, 2007)
 Mein schwarzer schwuler Liebhaber EP (Pink triangle records, 2008)
 Weltenfeind split with Grand Belial's Key and Sigrblot (WTC, 2008)

References

German heavy metal bands
Black metal bands
Rock Against Communism
Nokturnal Mortum

Nokturnal Mortum is a pagan black metal band from Ukraine. It is one of the major black metal bands from eastern Europe, along with Graveland and Lucifugum.

Band members
 Knjaz Varggoth - vocals, guitars
 Saturious - keyboard
 Vrolok - bass
 Astargh - guitars
 Odalv - drums

Former members
 Sataroth - keyboard
 Karpath - guitars
 Munruthel - drums
 Alzeth - Guitar
 Wortherax - Guitar
 Xaarquath - bass

Discography

Albums
 Lunar Poetry - 1996 (re-released several times in different formats)
 Goat Horns - 1997
 To The Gates Of Blasphemous Fire - 1998
 NeChrist - 1999
  Weltanschauung - 2005 (aka Mirovozzrenie featuring Russian and Ukrainian lyrics)
 The Voice Of Steel - 2009
 Істина 2017

EPs
 Return Of The Vampire Lord - 1997 (re-released with Marble Moon on CD in 2003)
 Marble Moon - 1997 (re-released with Return Of The Vampire Lord on CD in 2003)
 The Taste Of Victory - 2003
 Eastern Hammer - 2007 (4 way split with Graveland, North, and Temnozor featuring a new version of Kolyada)
 Orathania / Kolyada - 2017

Demos
 Twilightfall - 1995 (re-released on CD in 2003)
 Black Clouds Over Slavonic Lands - 1995 (re-released as bonus tracks on 2005 CD re-release of Lunar Poetry)

Other
 Eleven Years Among The Sheep - 2004 (compilation of old, unreleased, demo, and Suppuration & Crystalline Darkness songs)

Other websites
 http://www.oriana-music.com 
 Rockdetector.com Nokturnal Mortum entry

Black metal bands
Ukrainian entertainers
Repo Man (movie)

Repo Man is a 1984 comedy/science fiction movie starring Emilio Estevez and Harry Dean Stanton. It was written and directed by Alex Cox. The movie is about the life of a repo man, a person who steals cars legally from people who do not pay for them.

The movie is well regarded for several reasons.  First, it has talk and events that are both funny and strange.  The music played in the movie is also a very good collection of punk rock music that was popular at the time.  Also, the movie is not similar to most other movies that were made at the same time.

Other websites
 

American comedy movies
American science fiction movies
Cult movies
1984 movies
English-language movies
American independent movies
Reggie Miller

Reginald Wayne Miller (August 24, 1965) is a retired American basketball player. Miller was known for being a great jump shooter during his career. He played his entire career for the Indiana Pacers of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He is from Riverside, California.

Basketball players from California
Indiana Pacers players
1965 births
Living people
People from Riverside, California
National Basketball Association players with retired numbers
Code of Hammurabi

The Code of Hammurabi was a legal code of Babylonia written about 1700 BC.

It was written on a stele (a large stone monument), and put in a public place where everyone could see it. The stele was later captured by the Elamites and taken to their capital, Susa. It was found there again in 1901, and is now in the Louvre Museum in Paris.

The code of Hammurabi had 282 laws written by scribes on 12 tablets. Unlike earlier laws, it was written in Akkadian, the daily language of Babylonia.

The Code of Hammurabi is the longest-surviving text from the Old Babylonian period.
The code is an early example of a law regulating a government: a kind of primitive constitution.  The code is also one of the earliest examples of the "presumption of innocence" (innocent until proven otherwise). It suggests that both the accused and accuser have the opportunity to provide evidence.

History 
The Code of Hammurabi was one of several sets of laws in the ancient Near East.
The code of laws was arranged in groups, so that everyone who read the laws would know what was required of them.
There were earlier laws, and later laws such as the Law of Moses in the Hebrew Bible.
These codes come from cultures in a relatively small geographical area, and they have passages which resemble each other.

The content 
Nearly half the Code deals with contracts. It sets the wages to be paid to an ox driver or a surgeon. Other passages set the liability of a builder for a house that collapses, for example, or property that is damaged while left in the care of another.

A third of the code concerns household and family matters such as inheritance, divorce, paternity and sexual behaviour.

An eye for an eye 
For each crime, a specific punishment is listed. Many of them look harsh to people now. The punishments included death, cutting off a body part, and the use of "an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth" ideas. The penalties of Hammurabi's laws may seem cruel to modern readers, but the fact that he put into writing the laws of his kingdom is considered an important step forward in the growth of civilization.

The Code of Hammurabi was one of many sets of laws in the Ancient Near East.

Examples 
 If any one steal the property of a temple or of the court, he shall be put to death, and also the one who receives the stolen thing from him shall be put to death. (6)
 If a man takes a woman to marry, but have no sexual intercourse with her, this woman is no wife to him. (128)
 If a son strike[s] his father, his hands shall be cut off. (195)
 If a man put out the eye of another man, his eye shall be put out. (196)
 If he break another man's bone, his bone shall be broken. (197)
 If he put out the eye of a freed man, or break the bone of a freed man, he shall pay one gold mina. (198)
 If he put out the eye of a man's slave, or break the bone of a man's slave, he shall pay one-half of the slave's value. (199)
 If a man knock out the teeth of his equal, his teeth shall be knocked out. (200)

References

Other websites 

 Clear and detailed images and description in French from the Louvre Museum

Mesopotamia
Legislation
Media player

Media player is a word that describes computer software that can play more than one type of media (multimedia). Media players can usually play both audio (sound) and video files.

Microsoft Windows comes with a media player already on it, Windows Media Player. Some other media players are Quicktime, iTunes, Real Player and Winamp.

List of media players 

Many media players use libraries. The library helps you organize, or catalog, your music into categories such as genre, year, rating or other. Good examples of media players that include media libraries are Winamp, Windows Media Player, iTunes, RealPlayer, Amarok and ALLPlayer.

Notes
Other Winamp versions are Amiamp (AmigaOS), Dosamp (MS-DOS), and Macamp (Mac OS).

Software
19P/Borrelly

Comet Borrelly is a periodic comet. Periodic comets can only be seen from earth once every few years or decades. It was visited by the spacecraft Deep Space 1. Comet Borrelly was last seen from earth in September 2001 and will likely be seen again in July 2008.

References 

Comets
Microcontroller

A microcontroller (abbreviated MCU or µC) is a computer system on a chip that does a job. It contains an integrated processor, memory (a small amount of RAM, program memory, or both), and programmable input/output peripherals, which are used to interact with things connected to the chip. A microcontroller is different than a microprocessor, which only contains a CPU (the kind used in a Personal Computer).

First released in 1971 by the Intel company, microcontrollers began to become popular in their first few years. The extremely useful Intel 8008 microprocessor was then released, but it was still impractical because of high cost for each chip. These first microcontrollers combined different types of computer memory on one unit. After people began to see how useful they were, micro controllers were constantly being upgraded, with people trying to find new ways to make them better. Cost was reduced over time and by the early 2000s, microcontrollers were widely used across the world.

Other terms for a microcontroller are embedded system and embedded controller, because the microcontroller and its support circuits are often built into, or embedded in, a single chip.

In addition to the usual arithmetic and logic elements of a general microprocessor, the microcontroller also has additional elements such as RAM for data storage, read-only memory for program storage, flash memory for permanent data storage, and other devices (peripherals).

Microcontrollers often operate at very low speed compared to microprocessors used in smartphones and personal computers. Clock speeds may be as little as 32 kHz, but this is useful for typical applications. They consume very little power (milliwatts or even micro watts).

Microcontrollers are used in automatic products and devices, such as car engine systems, remote controls, machines, appliances, power tools, and toys. These are called embedded systems. Microcontrollers can also be found at work in solar power and energy harvesting, anti-lock braking systems in cars, and have many uses in the medical field as well.

Related pages
 Arduino
 Atmel AVR
 Intel
 Microprocessor
 CPU
Texas Instruments

References 

Computer science
Melodrama

A melodrama is a dramatic or literary work where the plot is sensational. It appeals strongly to the emotions. It has crude characterization. Characters are simply-drawn, and stereotyped. 

Melodrama is a portmanteau word, formed by combining the words "melody" from the Greek "melōidía", meaning "song") and "drama". Originally it referred to the use of music in a play.

A melodrama is often a play with very simple characters: a villain, hero,  heroine, policeman, damsel in distress and an elderly person (which usually ends happily).  Melodramas were popular in the Victorian era on the stage and in novels. In the 20th century the term came to mean bad, crude art, lacking thought. It is rarely applied to the inclusion of music. 

Theatrical forms
Skullhead

Skullhead was a Rock Against Communism band from Newcastle, England. Their type of music is a blend of rock, Oi!, and heavy metal music. The band and lead singer, Kev Turner (known to many by the tattoo's he sports, including "Doc martin" boots on the side of his face, which appear like sideburns) were also heavily influenced by the Odinist religion, to which many of their songs refer too.

1984 establishments in the United Kingdom
1980s British music groups
1990s British music groups
2000s British music groups
2010s British music groups
English punk bands
Music groups from Newcastle upon Tyne
Musical groups established in 1984
Rock Against Communism
Landser (band)

Landser is a Neo-Nazi, Rock Against Communism rock band from Germany. Because of laws in Germany against speaking badly about the people that died during the Holocaust of World War II, several members of the band were put in prison. 

The Supreme Court of Berlin sentenced the members of the band to prison and fines for forming a criminal union as well as for incitement of the people and the distribution of radically right-wing propaganda in December 2003.

In March 2005, the Federal Supreme Court in Karlsruhe upheld the prison sentence against a band member.  This was the first time that a band had been called a criminal association by the highest federal court.

German rock bands
Rock Against Communism
Zerah Colburn

Zerah Colburn (born Cabot, Vermont, 1804; died 1839) was a child prodigy.  He became famous when he was a little boy because he could do unbelievably difficult sums very easily.  However, he wasted his talent and never became a useful mathematician.

Zerah’s father was a carpenter.  He and his wife had six children, and they had very little money.

When he was five he started to go to school.  After six weeks his father heard him doing multiplication sums.  His father asked him what 13 times 97 was.  The boy immediately said “1261”.

His father took him to Boston to show him to famous people.  They asked the boy questions: what is 1449 times 1449?  The boy said “2,099,601”.  Someone else asked him how many seconds there were in 2000 years.  He said “63,072,000,000”.

His father looked for rich people who would pay for the boy’s education.  In Boston $5000 was raised so that he did not have to be shown off in public all the time.  Nevertheless, his father took him to Europe.  In London people asked him more questions, e.g. is 4,294,967,297 a prime number?  The boy said “No, it can be divided by 641”.

People wanted the boy to explain how he did these calculations, but he could not say how he did it.  He became famous.  Napoleon was going to meet him, but he lost the Battle of Waterloo and was not able to make the visit.  He went to school in Paris and then in London, but by the time he was 15 people were not interested in helping him any more.  He joined a touring group of actors and got the part of Richard III in the play by Shakespeare.  He met William Rowan Hamilton who was also a prodigy and who did become a famous mathematician.  Zerah soon got fed up with mathematics and became a Methodist minister.  He taught languages at Norwich University in Vermont.  He wrote an autobiography in which he tried to explain how he did his calculations.

When he died most people had forgotten about him.

His nephew, also named Zerah Colburn, was a famous locomotive designer.

Trivia

Zerah, like his father, had 12 fingers and 12 toes.

Other websites 
 Famous Americans: article on him and his nephew
 Account of his life 

Child prodigies
Autobiographers
1839 deaths
1804 births
American teachers
People educated at Westminster School, London
Educators from Vermont
Quedlinburg

Quedlinburg (); Low Saxon: Queddelnborg) is a city in the state of Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Its area is . 22,795 people lived there in 2005. Quedlinburg is 8 kilometers north of the Harz mountains. A small river called Bode flows through the city. In 1994 UNESCO added the old town Quedlinburg on the list of World Heritage Sites.

History 
In the year 922 the name Quedlinburg was first mentioned in a paper from King Henry I the Fowler of Germany. In the first half of the 10th century the Hungarians with their horses attacked many places all over central Europe. King Henry built up a castle to give the farmers around a place to hide. In 936 the king died and his body was buried on the castle hill in Quedlinburg. His widow Matilda and his son King Otto I set up a convent for ladies. The tasks of this convent included the commemoration of King Henry I and the education of young ladies to get better chances to get married. This convent on the hill was dissolved in 1803. First abbess of the ladies-convent was Matilda, the daughter of King Otto I and granddaughter of Queen Matilda.
In the valley north of that hill in 994 King Otto III founded the old town. He was asked to do so by his aunt abbess Matilda.

This old town was used by merchants to sell and buy textiles and so it grew larger. In the middle of the 12th century a new town was created by the abbess of the ladies-convent. In 1330 both towns were united. They got stronger in power and in 1477 they tried to get totally independent of the abbess. But military troops sent by the brothers of the abbess occupied both towns.
All the citizens got under control of the abbess again. In 1541 the Protestant Reformation reached the convent and the town and everybody changed their beliefs to the Protestant religion.
Surprisingly during the Thirty Years' War the town was not destroyed because the abbess made diplomatic arrangements with all the bypassing military leaders.

Geography and Climate 
The city is 8 kilometers north of the Harz mountains around 123 meters above sea water level . The nearby mountains reached about 180 meters above sea level. Most of the town is on the western side of the river Bode's bank. The town area covers around 78,15 square kilometers.

The average temperature of the year is 8,8 °C. January and February are the coldest months of the year, with an average temperature of 0,1 °C and 0,4 °C. July and August are the hottest months, with an average temperature of 17,8 °C (63 °F) and 17,2 °C. The average annual rainfall is about 438 millimetres. The rainfall occurs usually between May and September. Rain in Quedlinburg is among the lowest in Germany, which has an annual average around 800 millimetres.

Sister cities 
Quedlinburg has partnerships with 5 cities. Each of the 5 boroughs also has their sister cities, sometimes called twin towns.

References

Other websites 
 Official page
 Private homepage (in English) 

Harz Rural District
DreamWorks

DreamWorks Pictures, officially called DW II Distribution Co., LLC, also known as DreamWorks, LLC, DreamWorks SKG, DreamWorks Studios or DW Studios, LLC, is an American movie studio. It has made or sold more than ten movies which made more than $100 million each at the box-office.

History
DreamWorks began in 1994. It was founded by Steven Spielberg, Jeffrey Katzenberg and David Geffen (making the SKG at the bottom of the DreamWorks logo). They own 72% of the company. In December 2005, the founders agreed to sell the studio to Viacom. The sale was done in February 2006. In 2008, DreamWorks announced that it would split from Paramount. It signed a $1.5 billion deal to make movies with India's Reliance ADA Group. Reliance gave $325M to help recreate DreamWorks studio as its own company. Clark Hallren led the Reliance team in making plans for the company. The movie studio is 50% owned by Reliance. Reliance is led by Anil Ambani.

The part of DreamWorks which makes animations was made into DreamWorks Animation SKG in 2004.

References

Other websites 
 Official site

Movie studios
1994 establishments in the United States
Second Punic War

The Second Punic War was a conflict fought in 218 BC - 201 BC between Rome and Carthage. The majority of Carthaginian forces were led by Hannibal. Hannibal scared the Romans by invading them over the mountains from Hispania with war elephants. He won the Battle of the Trebia and kept winning battles by being a good general. In the Battle of Cannae he destroyed the biggest army the Romans had ever used. After that, the Romans avoided fighting Hannibal, and concentrated on defeating his allies. This became known as the Fabian strategy. Each side had many allies, but most of Rome's allies were loyal whilst Carthage's allies switched sides.

Hannibal, even though he was doing well, eventually had to leave and go back to defend Carthage. In North Africa, Scipio Africanus won the Battle of Zama, which cemented Rome's victory over Carthage.

The Second Punic War ruined the power of Carthage. Rome became the dominant power in the Mediterranean Basin for the next 600 years.

Punic Wars
3rd century BC
Wars and battles of Ancient Rome
Battle of Zama

Zama was a battle in Carthage around 19 October 202 BC. There were elephants as well as ground infantry. Scipio Africanus won. Hannibal lost. It was the last battle in the Second Punic War.

Other websites

Zama
200s BC
October events