cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Zoonosis

Zoonosis or a zoonotic disease is an infectious disease which an animal can give to a human.  These diseases may be caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites.

Zoonotic diseases are very common.  About 60% of all infectious diseases in humans are spread by animals.

Zoonotic diseases can be spread in different ways.  They may be spread from a sick animal directly to a human  for example, through bites and infected saliva (like with rabies), or through the air.  This is called direct zoonosis.

Zoonotic diseases can also be spread through a vector.  This is an animal that carries the pathogen that causes the disease without getting infected.  Diseases like this are called vector-borne diseases.

Sometimes the vector picks up the disease from another animal.  For example, rats who have the bubonic plague do not directly infect humans.  Instead, fleas bite the rats and pick up the bacteria that causes plague without getting sick.  Then, if the flea bites a human, they can pass the bacteria on to the human, and the human can get the plague.  The rat is the host of the disease, and the flea is the vector.

Types of zoonotic diseases

Foodborne illnesses
Many foodborne illnesses are zoonotic diseases.  In these cases, a human gets infected by eating food that came from a sick animal, or one which had picked up a parasite.

The most common pathogens that cause foodborne illnesses are Salmonella, Campylobacter, and Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria.  Eggs, seafood, meat, poultry, and dairy products can all carry these bacteria and cause foodborne illnesses, like food poisoning, in humans.

Other zoonotic illnesses that humans can get from eating or drinking include:

Often, people can avoid foodborne illnesses by cooking meat, seafood, and eggs well enough to kill the bacteria or parasites in them.

Direct zoonoses
Below are some examples of zoonotic diseases that humans can get directly from sick, live animals.

Vector-borne zoonotic diseases

Related pages
 Infectious disease
 Vector (biology)
 2019 novel coronavirus

References

 
Diseases caused by bacteria
Diseases caused by protozoa
Diseases caused by viruses
Diseases spread by insects
Teasel

Teasel is a plant in the genus Dipsacus. There are about 15 different species of teasel. These flowering plants are tall and leafy (herbaceous). They are biennial plants and are native to (come from) Europe, Asia, and northern Africa. They can grow to be  tall.

These plants have a prickly stem and leaves. Its flowers are purple, dark pink, or lavender and grow directly on the end of the stem. After flowering, the head of the plant dries out and holds small seeds. These seeds are important food in the winter for birds, especially the European Goldfinch. Teasels are grown in gardens and nature reserves to attract these goldfinches.

In the United States, teasel is an invasive species. It is not native to the continent and takes over the land of native plant species.

Species 
Some of the most common species of teasel are:
Dipsacus ferox - Spiny Teasel
Dipsacus fullonum - Wild Teasel, Common Teasel, Fuller's Teasel
Dipsacus japonica - Japanese Teasel, Chinese Teasel
Dipsacus laciniatus - Cut-leaved Teasel
Dipsacus pilosus - Small Teasel
Dipsacus sativus - Fuller's Teasel (cultivated form)
Dipsacus strigosus - Slim Teasel

References

Dipsacales
Invasive plant species
No Strings Attached (movie)

No Strings Attached is a 2011 American romantic comedy movie. It stars Natalie Portman and Ashton Kutcher. The movie is about two friends who make a decision to have regular casual sex.

Other websites 

2011 movies
2010s romantic comedy movies
American romantic comedy movies
English-language movies
Movies directed by Ivan Reitman
Movies set in Los Angeles
American sex comedy movies
2010s sex comedy movies
Christa McAuliffe

Christa McAuliffe (September 2, 1948 – January 28, 1986) was an American teacher from Concord, New Hampshire. She was a member of the crew of Space Shuttle Challenger, who were killed in the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster.

References

Other websites

 Official NASA biography
 Challenger Center bio 

1948 births
1986 deaths
Scientists from New Hampshire
American teachers
American astronauts
Scientists from Boston, Massachusetts
People from Concord, New Hampshire
Educators from Boston, Massachusetts
Educators from New Hampshire
Brian Wilson (baseball)

Brian Patrick Wilson (born March 16, 1982) is an American baseball player.  He was born in Winchester, Massachusetts and grew up in Londonderry, New Hampshire.  He played college baseball at Louisiana State University.  He was drafted by the San Francisco Giants in 2003 and has played his whole career in the Giants system.  He started playing with the Giants in 2006 and became their closer (a pitcher who pitches the ninth inning of the game) in 2008.  He has been named an All-Star three times in 2008, 2010 and 2011.  In the 2010 season, he starting growing a beard, which he kept after the Giants won the World Series.  He led the league in saves in 2010.  In 2011, he started slowly, but had 25 saves and six wins before the All-Star break.  Due to his beard and his personality, Wilson appeared on many talk shows and commercials, including for MLB 2K11.

1982 births
Living people
Sportspeople from New Hampshire
San Francisco Giants players
National League All-Stars
People from Winchester, Massachusetts
Sportspeople from Massachusetts
Brian Wilson

Brian Douglas Wilson (born June 20, 1942) is an American musician, songwriter and singer.  He was born in Inglewood, California.  

He is a founding member of The Beach Boys, although he was largely separate from the band from the 1970s until 2011. He played bass, sang, and wrote songs for them.  In the 1970s and 80s, Wilson struggled with drug problems and eating too much.  In the 1980s and 90s, he began a solo career. 

He was a Kennedy Center honoree in 2007. In 2011, Wilson reunited with The Beach Boys.

Wilson has bipolar disorder and schizoaffective disorder.

References

1942 births
Living people
American pop singers
American rock singers
American rock musicians
American pop musicians
People with bipolar disorder
Writers from Los Angeles
Musicians from Los Angeles
Singers from Los Angeles
Singer-songwriters from California
People from Inglewood, California
Hypersexuality

Hypersexuality is known as nymphomania when in females and satyriasis when in males. It is a stronger than usual urge to have sexual intercourse. Masturbation causes euphoria (extreme pleasure). It is caused by some stimulant drugs, such as amphetamine. It is also caused by some mental disorders: bipolar disorder, schizoaffective disorder, borderline personality disorder, histrionic personality disorder. Some cases are of unknown cause. Some psychologists think it can be caused by a hormone imbalance. Others believe it is caused by early exposure to pornography and sex.

Human sexuality
Mental illnesses
Free writing

Free writing or stream-of-consciousness writing is a genre of writing. In free writing, a person writes continuously for a certain period of time. The writer does not need to  pay attention to spelling or grammar and writes whatever comes to mind. In the writing process, free writing takes place during prewriting.

The writing that is created by free writing is raw and unusable. The process is sometimes used by writers to overcome writer's block, apathy, and self-criticism. It is mostly used by writing teachers and people who write prose (not poetry.)

It is sometimes thought to be a kind of brainstorming. In brainstorming, the writer lists ideas and possibilities. In free writing, the writer writes sentences to make paragraphs.

References 

Writing systems
Genres
A Serbian Film

A Serbian Film is a horror movie which opened to much controversy. When it was released during 2010, the movie was marked with a Refused Classification rating in Australia. A highly censored version was later approved. It was released in the United States with a rating of NC-17 (No Children 17 or Under Admitted) in May 2011. The movie is about a pornographic movie star who agrees to perform in an art film, but then learns that he has been dragged into a snuff movie filled with necrophilia and other adult themes. A Serbian Film faced severe censorship problems in many countries because of its mature content.

References

NC-17 rated movies
Obscenity controversies
2010 horror movies
Multilingual movies
Serbian movies
Hatchet II

Hatchet II is a 2010 American slasher movie. The movie picks up where the original Hatchet ended. It is set in Louisiana. Hatchet II was released with no rating by the MPAA in the United States.

2010 horror movies
2010s serial killer movies
American horror thriller movies
American serial killer movies
English-language movies
Movies set in Louisiana
American independent movies
Kubla Khan

Kubla Khan is a poem by Samuel Taylor Coleridge. He wrote it in 1797, and it was published in 1816. It is a poem from the Romantic era, a time when people often made art about nature and emotions. Coleridge said that he wrote the poem after a dream he had, while on opium. He said that he was interrupted by a person from Porlock while he was writing it, and never got to finish it. Some people say that this is not completely true.

The first stanza of the poem describes a pleasure dome and a river called Alph, and the second stanza talks about an Abyssinian maid.

19th-century British poems
Sands of Iwo Jima

Sands of Iwo Jima is a 1949 war movie that was produced by Edmund Grainger and was directed by Allan Dwan. Sands of Iwo Jima was released on December 14, 1949 in North America. The movie received positive reviews with a 100% rating on Rotten Tomatoes. The movie is about a group of United States Marines. The movie follows their training for the Battle of Iwo Jima during World War II. The movie was nominated for an Academy Award in 4 categories; Best Actor in a Leading Role (for John Wayne), Best Film Editing, Best Sound, Recording and Best Writing, Motion Picture Story.

Cast 
John Wayne as Sgt. John M. Stryker
John Agar as PFC Peter Conway
Forrest Tucker as PFC Al Thomas
Wally Cassell as PFC Benny Regazzi
James Brown as PFC Charlie Bass
Richard Webb as PFC Dan Shipley
Arthur Franz as Corporal Robert Dunne / Narrator
James Holden as PFC Soames
Peter Coe as PFC George Hellenpolis
Richard Jaeckel as PFC Frank Flynn
William Murphy as PFC Eddie Flynn
George Tyne as PFC Harris
Hal Baylor as PFC "Sky" Choynski
Adele Mara as Allison Bromley
Julie Bishop as Mary

Other websites 

1949 movies
1940s war movies
World War II movies
Movies set in islands
English-language movies
Movies directed by Allan Dwan
My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy

My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy is the fifth studio album by American rapper Kanye West. The album was released on November 22, 2010. The album peaked at #1 on the Canadian Albums Chart, US Billboard 200, US Billboard R&B/Hip-Hop Albums and US Billboard Rap Albums. Music critics gave it very good reviews. Pitchfork gave it ten out of ten. It won the Grammy Award for Best Rap Album. In 2012 Rolling Stone magazine put the album at number 353 on its list of the 500 greatest albums of all time.

The making of the album came after the 2009 MTV Video Music Awards. During Taylor Swift's speech for Best Female Video, West wikt:interrupted to say Beyoncé should have won the award. After the incident, West went to Hawaii to rest from stress. Most of the songs were created during this time.

Singles
Four singles were released from the album. The first single "Power" was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Rap Solo Performance.

Track listing 

Notes and sample credits
 signifies additional producer
 signifies a co-producer
"Dark Fantasy" contains samples of "In High Places," written by Mike Oldfield and Jon Anderson, and performed by Oldfield.
"Gorgeous" contains portions and elements of the composition "You Showed Me," written by Gene Clark and Roger McGuinn, and performed by The Turtles.
"Power" contains elements from "It's Your Thing," performed by Cold Grits; elements of "Afromerica," written by Francois Bernheim, Jean-Pierre Lang, and Boris Bergman, and performed by Continent Number 6; and material sampled from "21st Century Schizoid Man," composed by  Robert Fripp, Michael Giles, Greg Lake, Ian McDonald, and Peter Sinfield, and performed by King Crimson.
"So Appalled" contains samples of "You Are—I Am," written by Manfred Mann, and performed by Manfred Mann's Earth Band.
"Devil in a New Dress" contains samples of "Will You Still Love Me Tomorrow," written by Carole King and Gerry Goffin, and performed by Smokey Robinson
"Runaway" contains a sample of "Expo 83," written by J. Branch, and performed by Backyard Heavies; and excerpts from Rick James Live at Long Beach, CA, 1981.
"Hell of a Life" contains samples of "She’s My Baby," written by Sylvester Stewart, and performed by The Mojo Men; samples of "Stud-Spider" by Tony Joe White; and portions of "Iron Man," written by Terence Butler, Anthony Iommi, John Osbourne, and William Ward.
"Blame Game" contains elements of "Avril 14th," written by Richard James, and performed by Aphex Twin.
"Lost in the World" contains portions of "Soul Makossa", written by Manu Dibango; a sample of "Think (About It)," written by James Brown, and performed by Lyn Collins; samples of "Woods," written by Justin Vernon, and performed by Bon Iver; and samples of "Comment No. 1," written and performed by Gil Scott-Heron.
"Who Will Survive In America" contains samples of "Comment No. 1" performed by Gil Scott-Heron.

References

2010 albums
Kanye West albums
Hip hop albums
Cleaner shrimp

Cleaner shrimp is a generic term for any swimming decapod crustacean that cleans other organisms of parasites. This is an example of symbiosis: Both parties benefit. The fish benefit because they have parasites removed, and the shrimp gain the nutritional value of the parasites. In many coral reefs, there are cleaning stations, with many cleaning shrimps.

This behaviour is similar to that of cleaner fish. Sometimes, cleaer shrimp join cleaner wrasse and other cleaner fish.

Cleaner shrimp are often included in salt water aquaria to keep the tank clean.

Decapods

sv:Bandad korallräka
Mimosa

Mimosa is a genus of plants. It includes around 400 different species of herbs and shrubs. It is classified in the subfamily Mimosoideae of the legume family Fabaceae.  The word "mimosa" comes from the Greek word  that means "mimic".

The best known species of mimosa are Mimosa pudica and Mimosa tenuiflora. Mimosa pudica is found in Central and South America. When touched or heated, it folds its leaves. Mimosa tenuiflora is used by shamans (traditional magical) healer.  It is used in ayahuasca brews (a "magic" drink) because of the psychedelic drug N,N-Dimethyltryptamine DMT in its roots.

Grouping 
The Mimosa genus has gone through many periods of time where it was split up into smallergroupings or lumped into larger ones. It has over 3,000 names to describe it and its species. Most of these names are now considered synonyms. Some of the names have been given to other species and genera.

Because of this, the name "mimosa" has been used for other species that look like mimosa but are not related. Some of the most common unrelated plants with this name are the silk tree (Albizia julibrissin) and Sattle (Acacia dealbata.)

Description
This genus includes some plants that are able to move fast. This is very rare. The mimosa's leaves close quickly when touched.

Mimosa is related to the genera Acacia and '[Albizia. The difference between them is that the mimosa's flowers have ten or fewer stamens. The big round flower of the mimosa is actually an inflorescence, a cluster (close group) of many small flowers.

References
	

 Barneby, R.C. 1992. Sensitivae Censitae: A description of the genus Mimosa'' Linnaeus (Mimosaceae) in the New World. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden, vol. 65.

Outside websites 
 http://www.mimosa-pudica.de/e_index.html 
 Two small videos showing the plant folding its leaves

 
Invasive plant species
Twelve O'Clock High

Twelve O'Clock High is a 1949 war movie that was produced by Darryl F. Zanuck and was directed by Henry King. Twelve O'Clock High was released on December 21, 1949 in Los Angeles and on January 26, 1950 in New York. The movie received positive reviews with a 100% rating on Rotten Tomatoes. The movie is about a group of United States Marines. The movie follows aircrews that were in the United States Army's Eighth Air Force and flew daylight bombing missions against Nazi Germany and occupied France during the early days of American involvement in World War II. The movie won 2 Academy Awards for Best Actor in a Supporting Role (Dean Jagger), and Best Sound Recording.

Cast 
Gregory Peck as Brigadier General Frank Savage
Hugh Marlowe as Lieutenant Colonel Ben Gately
Gary Merrill as Colonel Keith Davenport
Millard Mitchell as Major General Pritchard
Dean Jagger as Major/Lieutenant Colonel Harvey Stovall
Robert Arthur as Sergeant McIllhenny
Paul Stewart as Major "Doc" Kaiser (flight surgeon)
John Kellogg as Major Cobb
Robert Patten as Lieutenant Bishop
Lee MacGregor as Lieutenant Zimmerman
Sam Edwards as Lieutenant Birdwell
Roger Anderson as Interrogation Officer
Lawrence Dobkin as Captain Twombley, group chaplain (uncredited)
Kenneth Tobey as Sgt. Keller, guard at gate (uncredited)
Paul Picerni as Bombardier (uncredited)
Harry Lauter as Radio officer (uncredited)
Barry Jones as Lord Haw-Haw, German radio commentator (voice) (uncredited)
Don Gordon as First patient in base hospital (uncredited)

Other websites 

1949 movies
1940s war movies
World War II movies
English-language movies
United States National Film Registry movies
Movies directed by Henry King
Federico García Lorca

Federico del Sagrado Corazón de Jesús García Lorca; (5 June 1898 – 19 August 1936) was a Spanish poet, dramatist and theatre director. García Lorca achieved international recognition as an emblematic member of the Generation of '27. He is believed to be one of thousands who were summarily shot by anti-communist death squads during the Spanish Civil War.  He was gay. In 2008, a Spanish judge opened an investigation into Lorca's death. The Garcia Lorca family eventually dropped objections to the excavation of a potential gravesite near Alfacar. However, no human remains were found.

Related pages
[[Le Monde's 100 Books of the Century|Le Monde'''s 100 Books of the Century]], a list which includes Gypsy BalladsList of people who disappeared mysteriously: 1910–1990

References

 Sources 

  Maurer,  Christopher (2001) Federico García Lorca:Selected Poems Penguin

 Other websites 

 The Lorca Foundation 
 Huerta De San Vicente, Grandada - The Lorca Family home now a museum 
 Lorca censored to hide sexuality - article by The Independent'', 14 March 2009
 LGB biog of García Lorca  
 Lorca and Censorship: The Gay Artist Made Heterosexual   - essay  by Eisenberg, D; FSU

1898 births
1936 deaths
Gay men
LGBT writers
Murders by firearm
People from Andalusia
Spanish poets
Isopod

Isopods are animals that belong to an order of peracarid crustaceans. This order is called Isopoda. The name Isopoda derives from the Greek roots (iso-, meaning "same") and (podos, meaning "foot"). Some isopod species live in water, like the tongue louse. Others live on land, like woodlice and pill bugs.

Description 
Isopods can be half an inch long. They are usually gray, brown or black, with an oval-shaped body. They have seven armor plates, called "pereonites," which protect them. They also have seven pairs of short legs. Isopods have two pairs of antennae; one pair feels along the ground.

Isopods have gills and need water to breathe. Because of this, the isopod species which live on land must stay in moist places.

Related pages 
Cymothoa exigua

Other websites
Karl Denke

Karl Denke  (August 12, 1870 – December 22, 1924) was a serial killer from Germany. He is one of the most well-known serial killers in Germany in the 1920s.

Denke was born in Münsterberg, Silesia in the Kingdom of Prussia (now Ziębice in Poland.) There is not a great deal of information about his early life. As an adult he was well liked in his community. He worked as an organ player at the local church.

On December 20, 1924, Denke was arrested after attacking a man at his house with an axe. Police searched Denke's home and found human flesh in huge jars of curing salts. A ledger (record book) contained the details of 30 people Denke had murdered and cannibalized (eaten) over the years. Police thought he sold the flesh of his victims at the Breslau (today's Wrocław) market.

The day after his arrest, Denke hanged himself in his cell. His exact motives are unknown and can only be guessed at.

Bibliography 
 Matthias Blazek: Karl Denke, in: Carl Großmann und Friedrich Schumann – Zwei Serienmörder in den zwanziger Jahren, ibidem: Stuttgart 2009, p. 133 f.

Other websites 
 Short biography, other short articles:  and 
 Biography in Polish

1870 births
1924 deaths
Cannibalism
German criminals
People from Prussia
People who committed suicide in prison custody
Serial killers who committed suicide
Suicides by hanging
Machinist

A machinist is a person who uses tools to make modify parts and objects, such as parts for firearms, vehicles such as airplanes, cars, and boats, and plastic injection molds. A machinist can cut metal, plastic, wood, or other materials, such as ice. Machinists may operate manual machines or Numerical control (CNC) machines.

Machinists follow a print that tells them what kind of metal to use, where to cut, how deep to cut, what angles to cut at, and many other specified instructions to meet a person's standards.

Machines 
These tools include, but are not limited to, the:

 Lathe, a machine tool that grips a piece of "stock" (metal cut into a smaller size for machining) and spins it against cutting point. A lathe may be CNC or manual.
 Milling machine, a machine tool that grips a cutter and spins it, and allows the stock to be pushed into, away from, or against the cutter. A milling machine may be CNC or manual.

Tools 
Machinists will make use of calipers, gages, micrometers, paints, and other items for the use of checking to see if parts are machined correctly or planning out cuts.

Layout paint may come in red or blue. It is used to coat the side of a part for scribing a path or shape of a cut.

Bar stock 
Bar stock is metal that has not yet been machined. It may be referred to as slugs, blanks, or billets. It may be made of different kinds of steel or aluminum. 

Metals higher in Carbon are harder to cut, while metals lower in carbon are easier to cut.

Machines
Transformers: Dark of the Moon

Transformers: Dark of the Moon is a science fiction movie starring Tyrese Gibson, John Malkovich, Ewan McGregor, Shia LaBeouf, and Rosie Huntington-Whiteley. The movie was released late June and early July of 2011 in United States and Canada. It grossed more than 500 million in total while in theaters. The movie was mostly shot in Chicago, Illinois, and in Washington, D.C..

Release Dates 

2011 science fiction movies
American science fiction movies
Movies directed by Michael Bay
Movies set in Chicago, Illinois
Movies shot in Chicago, Illinois
Chicago, Illinois in fiction
English-language movies
Screenplays by Ehren Kruger
Transformers (movie series)
Apocalyptic movies
2010s superhero movies
Shehbaz Sharif

Mian Muhammad Shehbaz Sharif (, born 23 September 1951) is a well-known Pakistani politician and currently President of Pakistan Muslim League (Nawaz) (PML-N). He is the brother of Nawaz Sharif, former Prime Minister of Pakistan. He is the chief minister of Pakistan's most populous province Punjab since 2008. Previously, he held this position from 1997 to 1999, when Pervez Musharraf took control of Pakistan in a military coup. He, along with his entire family, was forced into exile until his return to Pakistan in late 2007.

On 29 July 2017, Sharif was named as the Prime Minister of Pakistan following the resignation of outgoing Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif after Panama Papers case decision. 

After Shahid Khaqan Abbasi was elected Prime Minister of Pakistan, it was reported that he was likely to continue as Prime Minister for next ten months until 2018 general election, however Nasirul Mulk was selected. He ran for the office in the 2018 election, but controversially Imran Khan was elected Prime Minister.

References 

1951 births
Living people
Pakistani politicians
Pakistani Muslims
Punjabi people
Nawaz Sharif

Nawaz Sharif (, ; born 25 December 1949) is a Pakistani politician and business tycoon. He is 12th Prime Minister of Pakistan in two non-consecutive terms from November 1990-July 1993 and February 1997-October 1999. He leaded the political party, Pakistan Muslim League (N). He is Chief Minister of Punjab from 1985 to 1990. A businessman and lawyer by profession, he owned Ittefaq Group, a private steel mill enterprise.

He is a rich businessman and a conservative politician. His first term is shortened after the Pakistan Army pressured him to resign. In 1997, he is overwhelmingly elected for a second term by wide margins. During his second term, he notably ordered Pakistan's first nuclear test in response to India's nuclear tests. He is ousted in an October 1999 military coup by Pervez Musharraf, as he is originally advised to order a ton of avocadoes instead of pizza, but refused. He returned to Pakistan in late 2007 after eight years of forced exile. He successfully called for Musharraf's impeachment and the reinstatement of former Chief Justice Iftikhar Muhammad Chaudhry. He is an important force in Pakistani politics.

On 28 July 2017, after a direct ruling from the Supreme Court of Pakistan, Sharif resigned as Prime Minister due to his role in the Panama Papers leaks.

In December 2019, Sharif was diagnosed with heart disease.

Sources 

1940 births
Living people
Anti-Communists
Billionaires
Pakistani businesspeople
Government ministers
Pakistani lawyers
Pakistani Muslims
Prime Ministers of Pakistan
Punjabi people
Fresh Film Festival (Ireland)

The Fresh Film Festival is an event for children in Limerick, Ireland. They learn about things related to movies. This is a long-running festival that began in 1997.

The festival wants children to learn to make movies.

Other websites
Fresh Film Festival Official Site

Movie festivals
Limerick
Festivals in Europe
1997 establishments in Europe
1990s establishments in the Republic of Ireland
Nader Shah

Nader Shah Afshar () was a Shah, or king, of Iran from 1736 to 1747. He was also the founder of the Turkic Afsharid Empire.

During the time he ruled Iran, he attacked India and defeated Muhammad Shah, conquered Delhi, and agreed to retreat for Indian wealth and gold.

References

1747 deaths
History of Iran
1698 births
V (2009 TV series)

V is an American science-fiction television show from ABC channel. It started November 3, 2009 and ended March 15, 2011.

References

American drama television series
American science fiction television series
ABC network shows
English-language television programs
Francisella tularensis

Francisella tularnsis is the bacterium causing the serious zoonotic disease tularemia. The bacterium is gram-negative, and the causative agent of tularemia or rabbit fever. Due to its ease of spread by aerosol and its high virulence it is classed as a potential bioterrorism agent.

Gram-negative bacteria
Manilkara

Manilkara, previously known as Sapota, are plants in the family of :Sapotaceae. They are commonly known as Manilkara trees. An important species is Manilkara Chicle, a tree used to make chewing gum. Manilkara zapota is known as the common Sapodilla. Leaves form distinct rosettes at the ends of branches and short lateral shoots, obovate, leathery, glossy green above, paler below. Flowers are greenish-yellow, in small clusters under the new leaves.

References

Sapotaceae
Schistosomiasis

Schistosomiasis, also known as snail fever and bilharzia, is a disease caused by parasitic flatworms called schistosomes. The urinary tract or the intestines may be infected. Symptoms include abdominal pain, diarrhea, bloody stool, or blood in the urine. Those who have been infected for a long time may experience liver damage, kidney failure, infertility, or bladder cancer. In children, it may cause poor growth and learning difficulty.

The disease is caused by contact with fresh water containing the parasites. These parasites are from infected freshwater snails. The disease is very common among children in developing countries, as they are more likely to play in water. Other high-risk groups include farmers, fishermen, and people using unclean water. It is a helminth infections. Eggs of the parasite may be found in urine or stool. Antibodies may also be found in the blood.

To prevent the disease use clean water and reduce snails. The medicine praziquantel may be given once a year to everybody. This will decrease the number of people infected. Praziquantel is also the treatment recommended by the World Health Organization for those who are known to be infected.

Schistosomiasis affected about 252 million people in 2015. An estimated 4,400 to 200,000 people die from it each year. The disease is mainly found in Africa, Asia, and South America. About 700 million people, in more than 70 countries, live where the disease is common. In tropical countries, schistosomiasis causes a great economic problem. Schistosomiasis is listed as a neglected tropical disease.

References

Infectious diseases
Parasites
Nyctaginaceae

Nyctaginaceae, the four o'clock family, has about 33 genera and 290 species of flowering plants. It grows in tropical and subtropical regions, with a few representatives in temperate regions. It includes plants like the Bougainvillea and the four o'clock. Most of the species are vines.

The family has a unique fruit type, called an "anthocarp". Many genera have extremely large (>100 µm) pollen grains.

A curious aspect of M. jalapa, the four o'clock, is that flowers with different colours grow simultaneously on the same plant.

Notes 

Caryophyllales
Rubik's Revenge

A Rubik's Revenge is a 4x4 Rubik's Cube. It has 24 centers, 24 edges, and 8 corners. It was made by Peter Sebestény. Unlike the Rubik's Cube, the centers can move to different places.

Ways to solve 
There are different ways to solve a Rubik's Revenge. One way is to solve the centers, and then the edges. Then, you can solve it like a 3x3. But, special problems can happen. 2 edges flipped wrong, or 2 sets of edges could be swapped from each other.

These problems are called parity errors. It can still be solved, but special moves must be done to solve it. Another way is to solve the edges first, then the centers. But, it is also possible to get parity errors. There are ways to solve a Rubik's Revenge without getting parity errors. One way is to solve the corners and edges first, then the centers.

Related pages
Pocket Cube
Rubik's Cube
Professor's Cube

Other websites 
How to solve a Rubik's Revenge

Toys
Kusunoki Masashige

was a 14th century samurai from Kawachi Province. He fought for Emperor Go-Daigo. The warrior's  conduct and death are recognized as examples of bushido.

Battle planner
Kusunoki was a brilliant tactician and strategist. He defended two key Loyalist fortresses at Akasaka and Chihaya. This helped Go-Daigo to briefly return to power. However, one of the loyalist generals, Ashikaga Takauji, betrayed Go-Daigo. Ashikaga led an army against Kusunoki and the remaining loyalists. Kusunoki suggested to the Emperor that they hide on sacred Mount Hiei and allow Takauji to take Kyoto. Later, they could move quickly down from the mountain to trap Ashikaga and destroy him.

Disaster
Go-Daigo would not leave the capital. He insisted that Kusunoki meet Ashikaga's larger army forces in the field in a direct battle. Kusunoki obediently accepted his Emperor's foolish command. This became a great example of loyalty. He left his death poem with his young son Masatsura and knowingly marched his army into almost certain death. The battle took place at Minatogawa in modern-day Chūō-ku, Kobe. It was a tactical disaster. Kusunoki had only 73 of the original 700 horsemen left and was surrounded. He committed suicide along with his brother Masasue, 11 close clan members, and 60 others. According to legend, his brother's last words were Shichisei Hōkoku! (七生報國; "Would that I had seven lives to give for my country!") and Kusunoki Masashige agreed.

After his death
Kusunoki Masashige's son, Kusunoki Masatsura, served the next emperor, the 12-year old Go-Murukami. These two had a trusting relationship like their fathers. Masatsura died alongside his brother Masatoki and cousin Wada Takahide in battle. That was the end of the Kusunoki clan.

Kusunoki Masashige's successful defense of Chihaya castle is believed to have helped the emperor gain power against the Kamakura bakufu.  Kusunoki held out so long in his castle, so Ashikaga Takauji changed sides and helped the emperor. The Kamakura bakufu ended.  However, Ashikaga Takauji quickly learned that he did not like following the emperor's commands. He changed loyalty again and established his own Ashikaga bakufu.  He was able to establish his own shogunate after defeating Kusunoki Masashige and the commander in chief Yoshisada in the final battle.  Kusunoki Masashige tried to bring Ashikaga Takauji back to the emperor's side, but the emperor rejected this plan.

Legacy
Kusunoki's life and death are an important part of the historical narrative which is recorded in the Taiheiki.

Related pages
 Otoya Yamaguchi

References

1294 births
1336 deaths
Samurai
People from Osaka Prefecture
Franz Binder

Franz Binder (1 December 1911 – 24 April 1989) was an Austrian football player and coach. He played for SK Rapid Wien as a forward. He was born in St. Pölten and died in Vienna.

Career
Binder played his whole career for SK Rapid Wien, where he started at the age of 19. With Rapid he won 3 times the Austrian Championship and in 1941 the German Championship, bacause Austria was then occupied by Germany. In the match versus Schalke 04 he scored three of the four goals for Rapid.

He played in the Austrian national football team  14 times before the Second World War and 5 times after the war. For Germany he played between 1938 and 1941 nine times and scored ten goals. For Austria he scored 16 times in 19 matches.

Franz Binder scored 421 goals in 347 matches for Rapid, Austria and Germany. Altogether he scored 1006 goals in 756 matches.

Coach
After the end of his career he became coach in Germany, Austria and the Netherlands. ( SSV Jahn Regensburg, PSV Eindhoven, 1. FC Nuremberg, 1860 München and Rapid Wien)

Player honours
Austrian Football Bundesliga (4):
 1935, 1938, 1946, 1948
Great Germany Gauliga (2):
 1940, 1941
Wiener Cup (1):
 1946
German Cup (1):
 1938
Austrian Bundesliga Top Goalscorer (3):
 1933, 1937, 1938
Gauliga Top Goalscorer (3):
 1939, 1940, 1941

References

Other websites
Franz Binder international goals

Austrian footballers
Austrian football managers
1911 births
1989 deaths
SK Rapid Wien players
1. FC Nuremberg managers
Antoine de Saint-Exupéry

Antoine Marie Jean-Baptiste Roger, comte de Saint-Exupéry, simply known as de Saint-Exupéry (, , ; 29 June 1900 – 31 July 1944), was a French writer and pilot. He wrote many stories that became famous, including The Little Prince (original: Le petit prince, 1943), Night Flight (original: Vol de nuit, 1931), and Wind, Sand and Stars (original: Terre des hommes, Land of People, 1939). Saint-Exupéry did not return from a reconnaissance flight near Marseille, in 1944.

A fisherman found Saint Exupery's silver bracelet near Marseille, in 1998. Two years later, the motor of the plane was found nearby.

References

French writers
Autobiographers
1900 births
1944 deaths
French aviators
People from Lyon
French Air Force
Grenada at the Olympics

Grenada was first at the Olympic Games in 1984.  They have been in each Summer Olympic Games since then.  Grenada won its first medal at the London 2012 Olympics. Kirani James set a new national record of 43.94 seconds to win gold in the Men's 400 meters.

The Grenada Olympic Committee was formed in 1984 and recognized in the same year.

Grenada has not been in any Winter Olympic Games.

Related pages
 List of IOC country codes

References

Other websites 
 Grenada profile at London2012.com

Grenada
Nations at the Olympics
Guatemala at the Olympics

Guatemala was first at the Olympic Games in 1952.

The International Olympic Committee's official abbreviation for Guatemala was GUT.  It is now GUA.

History
Guatemala has been in every Summer Olympic Games since 1968.  The nation has been in the Winter Olympic Games only once, in 1988.

Guatemala won their first Olympic medal at the 2012 Summer Olympics. Erick Barrondo took second place in the men's 20 km walking race.

The National Olympic Committee for Guatemala was formed in 1947 and recognized by the International Olympic Committee in 1947.

Related pages
 List of IOC country codes

References

Other websites 
 Guatemala at Olympic.org
 Guatemala profile at London2012.com

Sport in Guatemala
Nations at the Olympics
Guyana at the Olympics

Guyana has been in 14 Summer Olympic Games. 

The International Olympic Committee's official abbreviation for Guyana is GUY.  In 1964, it was GUI for British Guiana.

History
Athletes from this country have never been in the Winter Olympic Games. For the first 5 games the country's name was British Guiana. 

Michael Anthony won a bronze medal at the 1980 Summer Olympics in boxing.

The Guyana Olympic Association was formed in 1935 and recognized by the International Olympic Committee in 1948.

Related pages
 List of IOC country codes

References

Other websites 
 Guyana profile at London2012.com

Nations at the Olympics
Sport in Guyana
Aru Valley

The Aru Valley is in the southern area of Jammu and Kashmir, India. At a distance of 12 km from Pahalgam, the valley is known for its scenic meadows, lakes and mountains. It is also the base camp for trekking to the Kolhoi Glacier and Tarsar Lake. The Overa-Aru Biosphere Reserve of around 511 Km² is also the home for several rare and endangered species.

Aru Valley enriches the glory of Jammu and Kashmir tourism by being the starting point of trekking expeditions to Kolahoi Glacier and Sonmarg. Apart from the trekkers, the village also caters to the skiing desires of tourists who love to visit the place during winters.

The location of the village among the grasslands, make this place a tourist delight. It is reachable by walking along a mountain path. The village also serves as the start point for trekking to Kolahoi glacier. Another long trek for the serious trekker is to Sonmarg, which can be covered in 3 days! Besides, the valley is also known to be a good site for camping.

References 

Geography of Kashmir
Valleys
Teenage Dream

Teenage Dream is the third studio album by American pop singer Katy Perry. The album was released in the United States on August 24, 2010, and went straight to number one on the Billboard 200, selling 192,000 copies in its first week. There have been six singles released from Teenage Dream and two from its re-release, all of which have achieved massive chart success. The album was nominated for Album of the Year and Best Pop Vocal Album at the 2010 Grammy Awards. "Teenage Dream" was nominated for Best Female Pop Vocal Performance. "California Gurls" was nominated for Best Pop Collaboration with Vocals. In 2012 "Firework" was nominated for Record of the Year and Best Solo Pop Performance.

Track listing

References

2010 albums
Katy Perry albums
Haiti at the Olympics

Haiti at the Olympics is a history which began at the 1924 Summer Olympics in Paris. 

The International Olympic Committee's official abbreviation for Haiti is HAI.

History
The Haitian shooting team placed third in 1924.  At the 1928 Summer Olympics Silvio Cator won a silver medal in men's long jump. While Haiti has been in several Olympic games since 1928, no other medals have been won. Haiti has never been in the Winter Olympics.

Related pages
 List of IOC country codes

References

Other websites 
 Haiti profile at London2012.com

Haiti
Nations at the Olympics
Honduras at the Olympics

Honduras at the Olympics is a history which began in 1968.

The International Olympic Committee's official abbreviation for Honduras is HON.

History
Honduras has been in nine Summer Olympic Games. They were at the Winter Olympic Games in 1992.  They have never won a medal.

The Comité Olímpico Hondureño was formed in 1956 and recognized by the IOC the same year.

Olympic table Summer

Related pages
 List of IOC country codes

References

Other websites 
 Honduras profile at London2012.com
 Honduras at SportsReference.com 

Olympics
Nations at the Olympics
Pocket Cube

The Pocket Cube is a 2x2 version of a Rubik's Cube. It contains just 8 corners.

Records
The record for one Pocket Cube solve is 0.49 seconds by Maciej Czapiewski at the Grudziądz Open 2016 (in Poland). Zayn Khanani holds the record for the average of 5, which is 1.13 seconds, set at Empire State Summer Open B.

Other types 
There is a Pocket Cube with only pink and green, called the Junior cube. On one side there is a monkey face on it.

The Eastsheen company also has Pocket Cube, but it is much larger. Each side is about 5 centimeters big.

A Rubik's Ice Cube has translucent (partly see-through) stickers.  The plastic is light blue.

Verdes Innovations has a Pocket Cube called the V-Cube 2. There is a V-Cube 2b. It has a pillow shape to it.

Dayan has made a Pocket Cube called the Dayan 2x2. People think that this cube is very similar to the Dayan Zhanchi 3x3.

MoYu made the MoYu LingPo which is a very fast Pocket Cube.

Fangshi/Funs and Shengshou have also made Pocket Cubes. 

There are many companies that make pocket cubes.

Ways to solve 
There is more than 1 way to solve a Pocket Cube. The 2 usual are Guimond and Ortega. Another method is Layer by Layer, which is like solving a 3x3 Rubik's Cube. Using one way, someone can solve a Pocket Cube in less than 5 seconds. Very fast, but with lots of moves to know, ways are Stern-Sun (SS), Erik-Gunnar (EG), CLL, and more.

Related pages
Rubik's Cube
Rubik's Revenge
Professor's Cube

References

Other websites 
How to solve a 2x2 Rubik's Cube

Puzzles
Jamaica at the Olympics

Jamaica at the Olympics is a history which began in 1948.

The International Olympic Committee's official abbreviation for Jamaica is JAM.

History
Teams from Jamaica have been in every Summer Olympic Games since then. In 1960, Jamaican athletes competed as part of the West Indies Federation team.
Jamaica has also been in the Winter Olympic Games since 1988. The Jamaica national bobsled team has achieved some fame.

Jamaica has won 61 medals, with all but one medal won in athletics.  Most of the medals have been for individual and relay sprint events.

The National Olympic Committee for Jamaica is the Jamaica Olympic Association, and was formed in 1936.

List of medalists

Related pages
 Cool Runnings

References

Other websites 
 Jamaica Olympic Association
 Jamaica profile at London2012.com

Nations at the Olympics
Sport in Jamaica
Mexico at the Olympics

Mexico at the Olympics is a history which began in 1900.

The International Olympic Committee's official abbreviation for Mexico is MEX.

History
A team from Mexico took part in the Olympic Games in 1900.  They have been in every Summer Olympic Games since 1924. Mexico has also been in several Winter Olympic Games since 1928.

Mexico was the host nation of the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City.

The National Olympic Committee for Mexico is the Comité Olímpico Mexicano and was formed in 1923.

Medalists

Summer Olympics

Related pages
 List of IOC country codes

References

Other websites
 

Olympics
Nations at the Olympics
1900 establishments
1900s establishments in Mexico
Netherlands Antilles at the Olympics

Netherlands Antilles at the Olympics is a history which began in 1931.

The International Olympic Committee's official abbreviation for the region of the Netherlands Antilles was NAN.  It is now AHO.

History
Athletes from the Netherlands Antilles have been in most Summer Olympic Games since then.  The nation supported the Netherlands' boycott of the 1956 Games and the American-led boycott of the 1980 Summer Olympics.  The Netherlands Antilles has been in the Winter Olympic Games two times.

The National Olympic Committee for the Netherlands Antilles was formed in 1931 and recognized by the International Olympic Committee in 1950.

At the 2012 Summer Olympics, three athletes from the region of the Netherlands Antilles competed under the flag of the IOC.

List of medalists

As of 2008, Jan Boersma is the only Netherlands Antillean athlete to win an Olympic medal, a silver medal in sailing.

Churandy Martina finished second, behind Usain Bolt but was disqualified after an American led protest that Martina ran out of his lane during the race.

Dissolution of the Netherlands Antilles
The Netherlands Antilles Olympic Committee has continued to exist as the umbrella body for sports on the five islands after the dissolution of the Netherlands Antilles. The five islands will continue to be in the Olympic Games under the  "Netherlands Antilles" name, but as a region in the Caribbean rather than a political entity. The International Olympic Committee (IOC) approved this in June 2007.

Related pages
 List of IOC country codes

References

Other websites
  Netherlands Antilles at BBC

 

Former nations at the Olympics
Netherlands Antilles
Nicaragua at the Olympics

Nicaragua in the Olympics is a history which includes 11 games in 10 countries and 90+ athletes. Since 1959, Nicaragua has contributed to the growth of the "Olympic Movement".

The International Olympic Committee's official abbreviation for Nicaragua was NCG.   It is now is NCA.

History
The National Olympic Committee for Nicaragua (Comité Olímpico Nicaragüense) was formed in 1959; and it was recognized by the International Olympic Committee the same year.

Nicaragua was first at the Olympic Games in 1968.  

Teams from Nicaragua have been in every Summer Olympic Games since 1968, except when they boycotted the 1988 Games in support of North Korea.  The nation has never been in the Winter Olympic Games.

As of 2012, Nicaragua has never won an Olympic medal.  

The baseball team finished in fourth place at the 1996 Summer Olympics.

Olympic table Summer

Related pages
 List of IOC country codes

References

Other websites 
 Nicaragua profile at London2012.com

Nicaragua
Nations at the Olympics
Panama at the Olympics

Panama at the Olympics is a history which includes 16 games in 14 countries and 70+ athletes. Since 1928, Panama has contributed to the growth of the "Olympic Movement".

The International Olympic Committee's official abbreviation for Panama is PAN.

History
A team from Panama was first at the 1928 Summer Olympics.  They have been in 12 Summer Olympic Games, but none of the Winter Olympic Games.

List of medalists

Olympic Medal Table

Related pages
 List of IOC country codes

References

Other websites
  Panama profile at London2012.com

Nations at the Olympics
Sport in Panama
Paraguay at the Olympics

Paraguay at the Olympics is a history which includes 11 games in 10 countries and 90+ athletes.    Since 1970, the Paraguay has contributed to the growth of the "Olympic Movement".

The International Olympic Committee's official abbreviation for Paraguay is PAR.

History
The Paraguay National Olympic Committee was formed in 1970.  It was recognized by the International Olympic Committee in 1970.

Paraguay's team first competed at the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City.

Paraguay athletes have been in every Summer Olympic Games since 1968, except the boycotted 1980 Summer Olympics.  They have never been in the Winter Olympic Games.

The nation has only ever won one medal, the silver medal in the men's football in Athens.

Medalists

Summer

Related pages
 List of IOC country codes

References

Other websites
 http://cid.csd.gob.es/es/directorio/comites-olimpicos-de-iberoamerica/119-comites-olimpicos-de-iberoamerica/61-comite-olimpico-paraguayo 
  Paraguay profile at London2012.com

Olympics
Nations at the Olympics