cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
William Krehm

William Krehm (November 23, 1913 – April 19, 2019) was a Canadian author, journalist, political activist and real estate developer. He was born in Toronto. He was a known Trotskyist activist in the 1930s. He went to Spain where he was part of the Spanish Civil War. In the 1980s he co-founded the Committee on Monetary and Economic Reform (COMER) in the 1980s and continued as the group's principal leader until his death.

He died on April 19, 2019 at the age of 105.

References

1913 births
2019 deaths
Canadian centenarians
Canadian journalists
Canadian activists
Political activists
Political commentators
Canadian businesspeople
Real estate developers
Writers from Toronto
Ira Neimark

Ira Neimark (December 12, 1921 – April 18, 2019) was an American author, lecturer, and retail executive. He was Chairman and CEO of Bergdorf Goodman from 1975 to 1992. His reintroduction of French couture to New York with Yves Saint Laurent, Hubert de Givenchy, and Christian Dior created a period of growth for Bergdorf Goodman, which went from $18 million in sales in 1975 to $250 million in sales by 1992.

Neimark died on April 18, 2019, at his home in Harrison, New York at the age of 97.

References

1921 births
2019 deaths
Educators from New York City
Writers from New York City
Businesspeople from New York City
Harrison, New York

Harrison is a town in Westchester County, New York. It is about  northeast of Manhattan. The population was 27,472 at the 2010 census. According to Forbes magazine, Harrison is the 326th richest place in the United States. The median price for a home was $1,230,625 in 2015.

References

Towns in New York
Villages in New York
James V. Schall

James Vincent Schall, S.J. (January 20, 1928 – April 17, 2019) was an American Jesuit Roman Catholic priest, teacher, writer, and philosopher.  He was born in Pocahontas, Iowa. Schall was Professor of Political Philosophy in the Department of Government at Georgetown University.  He retired from teaching in December 2012.  

Of his many publications his book Another Sort of Learning ("a reflection on different aspects of lifelong learning") was seen as his best known work.

In 2010, Schall was diagnosed with jaw and bone cancer. He died on April 17, 2019 in Los Gatos, California at age 91.

References

1928 births
2019 deaths
Deaths from bone cancer
Cancer deaths in California
American Roman Catholics
American philosophers
Educators from Iowa
Writers from Iowa
Barbara Marx Hubbard

Barbara Marx Hubbard (born Barbara Marx; December 22, 1929 – April 10, 2019) was an American futurist, author and public speaker. She was known for creating "The Synergy Engine" and the "birthing" of humanity. She was born in New York City. She was the Co-founder and president of the Foundation for Conscious Evolution.

She was the subject of a biography by author Neale Donald Walsch, The Mother of Invention: The Legacy of Barbara Marx Hubbard and the Future of "YOU." Deepak Chopra called her, "the voice for conscious evolution." In 1984, she was nominated for Vice President of the United States for the Democratic Party. She lost the bid to Geraldine Ferraro.

On April 3, 2019, Hubbard was hospitalized for a knee infection. She died a week later on April 10 at a hospital in Loveland, Colorado, aged 89.

References

Other websites
 

1929 births
2019 deaths
Infectious disease deaths in the United States
American political writers
American philosophers
Writers from New York City
Politicians from New York City
Herman Braun-Vega

Herman Braun-Vega (7 July 1933 – 2 April 2019) was a Peruvian painter and artist. His art were often political or cultural.

In 1978 he began to paint portraits, especially of his painters friends who invited to participate in the gestation of his canvases: Vladimir Veličković (in 1978), Gilles Aillaud (in 1979), Erró (in 1978-1982), Wifredo Lam (in 1979), Jean Dewasne (in 1982), William S. Hayter (in 1983) and Gérard Fromanger (in 1984). He also painted numerous writers: Jorge Semprún, Alain Jouffroy, Julio Ramón Ribeyro, Alfredo Bryce Echenique and Jean-Michel Ribes.

Braun-Vega died in his sleep in Paris on 2 April 2019, aged 85.

References

1933 births
2019 deaths
Peruvian painters
People from Lima
Jean-Jacques Honorat

Jean-Jacques Honorat (born April 1, 1931) is a Haitian politician. He was named Prime Minister of Haiti after René Préval was removed following President Jean-Bertrand Aristide removal by a coup in October 1991. He resigned from the office eight months later on June 19, 1992.

References

1931 births
Living people
Prime Ministers of Haiti
Cara Williams

Cara Williams (born Bernice Kamiat; June 29, 1925 – December 9, 2021) was an American actress. She was best known for her role as Billy's Mother in The Defiant Ones (1958), for which she was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress, and for her role as Gladys Porter on the 1960-1962 CBS television series Pete and Gladys, for which she was nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award.

References

Other websites

1925 births
2021 deaths
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
Actors from New York City
Claude Jarman Jr.

Claude Jarman Jr. (born September 27, 1934) is an American actor. A child actor, he was known for his roles in Rio Grande starring alongside John Wayne and Maureen O'Hara and in High Barbaree. He was nominated for an Academy Award in 1946. His final movie role was in Disney's The Great Locomotive Chase (1956).

References

Other websites
 

1934 births
Living people
American child actors
American movie actors
American television actors
American stage actors
Actors from Nashville, Tennessee
Manx pound

The Manx pound is the currency of the Isle of Man, in parity with the pound sterling. The Manx pound is divided into 100 pence. Notes and coins, denominated in pounds and pence, are issued by the Isle of Man Government. Their banknotes are £1, £5, £10, £20, £50 and their coins are Penny, Two pence, Five pence, Ten pence, Twenty pence, Fifty pence, £1, £2 and £5. US$1 is equal to 0.773614 IMP (Isle of Man Pound). The central bank of Isle of Man is the Isle of Man Treasury.

Other websites 
 The banknotes of the Isle of Man

Isle of Man
British currency
Neale Daniher

Neale Francis Daniher  (born 15 February 1961) is a former Australian rules footballer. He played for Essendon Football Club in the Australian Football League (AFL) from 1979 to 1990. He later coached Melbourne Football Club between 1998 and 2007. He also had coaching roles with Essendon, Fremantle and West Coast. His brothers, Terry, Anthony and Chris, also played for Essendon. He was born in West Wyalong, New South Wales.

Daniher was told he had motor neurone disease in 2013. He is now a campaigner for medical research of the disease.

References

Other websites

 Neale Daniher at AFL Tables

1961 births
Living people
Australian rules footballers
Coaches
Order of Australia
Sportspeople from New South Wales
David Winters (choreographer)

David Winters (born David Weizer; 5 April 1939 – 23 April 2019) was a British-American choreographer, actor, movie director and producer. He became well-known for his roles in the 1950s Broadway musicals West Side Story and Gypsy. He also appeared in the West Side Story movie.  He also worked with Elvis Presley and Ann-Margret as a choreographer in some movies they starred in. He was born in London to a Jewish family.

Winters died on 23 April 2019, at the age of 80.

References

Other websites
 

1939 births
2019 deaths
Actors from London
American choreographers
American dancers
American movie actors
American movie directors
American movie producers
American stage actors
American television actors
English dancers
English movie actors
English movie directors
English movie producers
English stage actors
English television actors
Jewish American actors
Jewish British actors
The Chinese Convert

The Chinese Convert is a famous 1687 painting by Godfrey Kneller depicting the Chinese man Michael Alphonsius Shen Fu-Tsung.

17th-century paintings
British paintings
Ocean planet

An ocean planet (or ocean world, water world, aquaplanet or panthalassic planet) is a type of terrestrial planet that contains a high amount of water. This may be a planet with ocean covering all of its surface (except maybe at the polar regions, where ice caps may exist), or a planet with a ocean bellow its surface (called a subsurface ocean). 

Ocean planets are also the name of planets that have other types of liquids on them such as liquid ammonia, ethane, or even lava.

Habitation
A ocean planet covered in water may have conditions to support life. This has been questioned though, since some studies suggest that water worlds may not be friendly to life, since elements like phosphorus (a key part to DNA) may be hard to access, since it any be hidden in rocks at the bottom of the planet's oceans. Other problems here may be certain parts of the water cycle not working on an ocean planet, or the low amount of oxygen in the atmosphere. With that being said, there are still possibilities for life on water planets.

Possible ocean worlds

There are a few planets that could be ocean planets. All of these are extrasolar planets. 

Kepler-22b a rocky super-Earth that lies in the habitable zone of its host star. 
Gliese 1214b a super Earth that circles its red dwarf star very close, but a deep ocean may exist under high pressure caused by a strong atmosphere.
Kepler-62e, a rocky Earth-like planet that may be a warm and humid planet. 
At least one of the TRAPPIST-1 planets may be an ocean world. The TRAPPIST-1 system is home to at least seven Earth-sized planets. 

Several of the moons in the solar system may have oceans bellow their surfaces, which would make them ocean moons. One such example is Europa, one of Jupiter's moons.

References

Types of planet
Crop top

A crop top (or a belly shirt, tummy top, or half shirt) is a kind of shirt. Crop tops do not cover all of the middle section of the wearer's body. A person wearing a crop top will have part of their belly and back showing. There are many kinds of crop tops, and most styles show the wearer's belly button. Other styles can show the wearer's waist, or the bottom of their ribs.

Crop tops are popular in the Western world. They are common in areas with a warm climate.

Crop tops were popular in the 1990s when movie actresses and female pop music singers wore them. They are popular again in the 2010s.

Crop tops are seen as trendy and attractive.

A crop top does not keep the wearer's middle section warm because they do not cover all of it. So, crop tops are more comfortable for hot weather and exercising.

Other types 

There is a way to make a temporary crop top with a normal shirt. The wearer can lift their shirt to show as much of their belly as they want, and then make it stay like that by tying the lifted end of the shirt into a knot. This is a common and flexible alternative to a regular crop top.

Low-rise pants or mini skirts are sometimes worn with a crop top. This shows more skin beneath the wearer's belly button.

Tops (clothing)
Jean-Pierre Marielle

Jean-Pierre Marielle (12 April 1932 – 24 April 2019) was a French actor. He was known for his roles in the movies Without Apparent Motive (1971), Cookies (1975), Coup de Torchon (1981), A Few Days with Me (1988), Tous les Matins du Monde (1991), Max et Jérémie (1992), Les Milles (1995), Little Lili (2003) and The Da Vinci Code (2006). He was nominated for six César Awards. He was born in Paris.

Marielle died after a long illness on 24 April 2019 in the Paris commune of Saint-Cloud. He was 87.

References

Other websites

 

1932 births
2019 deaths
Actors from Paris
Disease-related deaths in Paris
French movie actors
French television actors
Johnny Neumann

Carl John Neumann (September 11, 1950 – April 23, 2019), nicknamed "Johnny Reb", was an American professional basketball player and coach. He played in the shooting guard and small forward positions. He stood at 6 ft 6 in (1.98 m) and weighed 200 lb (91 kg) in his playing career. He played for Memphis Pros / Tams, Utah Stars, Virginia Squires, Indiana Pacers, Kentucky Colonels, Buffalo Braves, Los Angeles Lakers and Pallacanestro Cantù. He later coached in Belgium, Greece, Cyprus, Israel, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Lebanon, China, Japan and in the U.S. minor league. He was born in Memphis, Tennessee.

Neumann died of cancer on April 23, 2019 in Oxford, Mississippi. He was 68.

References

Other websites

 Johnny Neumann at Basketball-Reference.com

1951 births
2019 deaths
American basketball players
Cancer deaths in the United States
Coaches
Disease-related deaths in Mississippi
Indiana Pacers players
Los Angeles Lakers players
Sportspeople from Memphis, Tennessee
Peter Cartwright (lawyer)

Peter John Cartwright  (3 May 1940 – 17 April 2019) was a New Zealand lawyer. He was the husband of Dame Silvia Cartwright (née Poulter). He was the viceregal consort of New Zealand between 2001 and 2006, when his wife was serving as the 18th Governor-General of New Zealand. He was the chairman of the Medical Practitioners Disciplinary Tribunal, the Indecent Publications Tribunal and the Broadcasting Standards Authority. He was born in Dunedin. He went to a boarding school in Christchurch.

Cartwright died in Auckland on 17 April 2019. He was 78.

References

1940 births
2019 deaths
New Zealand lawyers
People from Dunedin
Donald McEachin

Aston Donald McEachin  (born October 10, 1961) is an American politician and lawyer. He is the U.S. Representative from Virginia's 4th congressional district since 2017.

McEachin is a Democrat. He was in the Virginia House of Delegates (1996–2002; 2006–2008).

McEachin ran for Congress for the open seat of Virginia's 4th congressional district vacated by Republican Randy Forbes in 2016 and won the general election with 57.3% of the votes.

In 2001, he was the Democratic Party's nominee for Attorney General of Virginia, but he lost the election to Jerry Kilgore.

References

1961 births
Living people
Lawyers from Virginia
United States representatives from Virginia
US Democratic Party politicians
Victor Borge

Børge Rosenbaum (3 January 1909 – 23 December 2000), known professionally as Victor Borge ( ), was a Danish-American comedian, conductor, and pianist. He was known for his radio and television works in the United States and Europe.

Borge was known as "The Clown Prince of Denmark". His best known work was in Comedy in Music, which became the longest running one-man show in the history of theater with 849 performances, a feat which placed it in the Guinness Book of World Records. He was born in Copenhagen.

In 1999, he received the Kennedy Center Honors.

Borge died on 23 December 2000 in his sleep in Greenwich, Connecticut following a concert, aged 91.

References

Other websites

 Victor Borge Official website
 

Kennedy Center honorees
1909 births
2000 deaths
Naturalized citizens of the United States
Danish musicians
American conductors
American pianists
Musicians from Connecticut
Comedians from Connecticut
People from Greenwich, Connecticut
People from Copenhagen
Jewish American musicians
Refugees from Nazism
Victims of Nazism
Cecil Souders

Cecil Belvedire Souders (January 3, 1921 – August 30, 2021) was an American football player.  He played professional in the National Football League (NFL) for the Detroit Lions.  He was born in Bucyrus, Ohio. Souders played college football at Ohio State University. He was drafted in the 25th round of the 1945 NFL Draft by the Washington Redskins. 

Souders died on August 30, 2021 in Hilliard, Ohio at the age of 100.

References

Other websites
 NFL.com player page

1921 births
2021 deaths
American centenarians
Detroit Lions players
American military personnel of World War II
Sportspeople from Ohio
Henry B. Sayler

Henry Benton Sayler (January 16, 1921 – May 26, 2021) was an American politician. He was born in Savannah, Georgia. Sayler was in the Florida State Senate from 1967 to 1971 and 1973 to 1978, as a member of the Republican Party (20th district and 21st district).

Sayler turned 100 in January 2021 and died four months later on May 26, 2021 in St. Petersburg, Florida.

References

1921 births
2021 deaths
State legislators of the United States
Lawyers from Georgia (U.S. state)
Politicians from Georgia (U.S. state)
Politicians from Florida
People from Savannah, Georgia
US Republican Party politicians
Phi Beta Kappa

The Phi Beta Kappa Society (ΦΒΚ) is the oldest academic honor society in the United States. It is respected by many people. due to its long history and academic selectivity. The purpose of Phi Beta Kappa is to improve study and research in the liberal arts and sciences. The society wants to have outstanding students of arts and sciences at American colleges and universities as members. It started at the College of William and Mary on December 5, 1776 as the first Greek-letter fraternity at a college and was one of the earliest collegiate fraternal societies.

Phi Beta Kappa () stands for  (), which means "Love of wisdom is the guide of life".

References
Mildred J. Hill

Mildred Jane Hill (June 27, 1859 – June 5, 1916) was an American songwriter and musicologist. She was known for composing "Good Morning to All", later used as the melody for "Happy Birthday to You". Born in Louisville, Kentucky, she died in Chicago at the age of 56.

References

1859 births
1916 deaths
American songwriters
Writers from Louisville, Kentucky
Dan Tolkowsky

Aluf Dan Tolkowsky (or Tolkovsky, ; born January 17, 1921) is a retired Israeli military officer. He was commander of the Israeli Air Force from 1953 to 1958. He was born in Tel Aviv.

References

Other websites
 Jews from Palestine are sent to the RAF pilot course in Rhodesia, IAF Official Site. Accessed June 9, 2006.

1921 births
Living people
Israeli military people
Aviators
People from Tel Aviv
Jaswant Singh Marwah

Lieutenant Colonel (Retd.) Jaswant Singh Marwah (born 21 January 1921) is an Indian soldier, journalist and author. He was a former Special Duty Officer in the Archaeological Survey of India, and was in the Indian Army's Electrical Mechanical Engineering branch from 1943 to 1973. 

He is also a veteran of the Second World War. He was awarded the Nehru Award in 1981 and 1984, by the Vice President of India and the President of India. In 1987 he was awarded the Journalism Award by the Indian Ministry of Communications.

References

Other websites
India Daily:  , 28 November 2004.
The Tribune: , 4 July 2007.
India News Online:  , 29 November 2004.

1921 births
Living people
Indian writers
Indian journalists
Indian military people
Patsy Reddy

Dame Patricia Lee Reddy  (born 17 May 1954) is a New Zealand lawyer and businesswoman. She was the 21st Governor-General of New Zealand from 2016 until 2021.

References

1954 births
Living people
Governors General of New Zealand
Gandalf Award

The Gandalf Awards honor excellent writing in fantasy literature. The World Science Fiction Society gave the awards each year from 1974 to 1981. They were named for Gandalf the wizard from the Middle-earth stories by J. R. R. Tolkien. The award was started and sponsored by Lin Carter and the Swordsmen and Sorcerers' Guild of America (SAGA). People at the World Science Fiction Conventions voted to choose the winners. They used the same rules as the older Hugo Awards.

The awards were given in two categories: one, for life achievement, and two, for a book published the year before.

Gandalf Grand Master Award
The Gandalf Grand Master Award for life achievement in fantasy writing was awarded every year from 1974 to 1981. The first winner was J. R. R. Tolkien who had died recently in 1973.

The next four Grand Masters were all members of the SAGA: Fritz Leiber, L. Sprague de Camp, Andre Norton, and Poul Anderson. The last three were Ursula K. Le Guin, Ray Bradbury, and C. L. Moore. 
1974 - J. R. R. Tolkien
1975 - Fritz Leiber
1976 - L. Sprague de Camp
1977 - Andre Norton
1978 - Poul Anderson
1979 - Ursula K. Le Guin
1980 - Ray Bradbury
1981 - C. L. Moore
There was no voting in 1981.

Gandalf Award for Book-Length Fantasy
The Gandalf Award for Book-Length Fantasy was awarded only in 1978 and 1979. Again the first winner was Tolkien. The winning book was The Silmarillion with Christopher Tolkien as editor. The second was The White Dragon by Anne McCaffrey. Fantasy fiction often wins the older Hugo Award for Best Novel, so Worldcon organizers thought the Gandalf Award may be a duplicate and this was not awarded again.

1978 - The Silmarillion, J. R. R. Tolkien, edited by Christopher Tolkien
1979 - The White Dragon, Anne McCaffrey

References

Awards
Robert Cardenas

Robert L. "Bob" Cardenas (born March 10, 1920) is a retired Mexican-American brigadier general of the United States Air Force. He was born in Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico, but raised in San Diego, California. He served in World War II and the Vietnam War.

In 1983, President Ronald Reagan appointed him California coordinator for Southwest Border Economic Action Group. In 1985, he was appointed to Chairman of the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Advisory Group by California Governor George Deukmejian.

In 2015, he was added into the National Aviation Hall of Fame.

References

Other websites
 Personal Biography
 Detailed unofficial website by Derek Horne (friend of General Cardenas) 
 

1920 births
Living people
Naturalized citizens of the United States
American generals
American military personnel of World War II
American military personnel of the Vietnam War
Mexican military people
People from San Diego, California
Edwin Hunt

Edwin "Ted" Hunt  (born 23 March 1920) is a retired British waterman. Born in London, he was a sapper waterman in World War II, and was in 1978 appointed as the Queen's Bargemaster.

References

Other websites
"Edwin Hunt – D-Day & Life on the Thames"
Interview, December 2013. Sixth photograph from the left. 

1920 births
Living people
British military personnel of World War II
People from London
William Moncrief

William Alvin "Tex" Moncrief Jr. (March 27, 1920 – December 29, 2021) was an American businessman and philanthropist. He worked in the oil and gas sector. He was President of Moncrief Oil, and was a billionaire member of the 2006 Forbes 400, with an estimated net worth of US$1 billion.

Moncrief died on December 29, 2021 in Fort Worth, Texas at the age of 101.

References

Other websites
William Moncrief ranked #374 on 2006 Forbes 400
Brief interview with Forbes

1920 births
2021 deaths
American billionaires
American centenarians
Businesspeople from Fort Worth, Texas
The Avengers (1998 movie)

The Avengers is a 1998 American action and spy movie. It comes from the British television series of the same name.

Plot
John Steed, the agent of the Ministry, completes a training course. Dr. Emma Peel gets a phone call telling her to go to a gentlemen's club. She meets Steed for the first time there. The two head off to the Ministry to meet Mother. Mother tells them the Prospero project-a try to change the weather-was sabotaged by Emma Peel. Dr. Peel says she's innocent. She is then sent to work with Steed to find the real suspect.

Steed and Emma follow a lead to the Wonderland Weather. It's a business that creates heat or other weather with a special machine. Steed and Emma find two dead men in teddy bear suits. Members of a secret organization led by Sir August de Wynter wear teddy bear suits to disguise their identities. However, one of them looks like another Emma Peel. Steed arrives in time to save the real Emma Peel.

Steed and Emma go off and visit de Wynter at his mansion. But then, they are attacked by mechanical bees. Alice, a Ministry agent, helps Steed and Emma flee. However, de Wynter catches Emma as she tries to escape though finds herself trapped.

It is later revealed that the other Emma Peel is a clone. Father and the Peel clone catch the real Emma Peel. They're angrily met by Mother. Mother is then incapacitated.

Father and Peel's clone take the real Emma to a hot air balloon. Father and Peel's clone die when the balloon crashes and explodes. Invisible Jones learns de Wynter is using the Prospero instruments on a secret island. Steed and Emma arrive at the island to stop him.

Cast
 Ralph Fiennes as John Steed, a British Ministry agent
 Uma Thurman as Emma Peel, Scientist, Ministry agent
 Sean Connery as Sir August de Wynter, a weather scientist and a terrorist 
 Jim Broadbent as Mother, Director of the Ministry
 Fiona Shaw as Father, Deputy Director of the Ministry, ally of Sir August
 Eddie Izzard as Bailey, Sir August's henchman
 Eileen Atkins as Alice, a Ministry Agent
 Carmen Ejogo as Brenda, a Ministry Agent, Mother's aide
 John Wood as Trubshaw, Steed's tailor
 Keeley Hawes as Tamara, Agent of Sir August
 Patrick Macnee (voice) as Invisible Jones, a Ministry Agent
  Lorraine McBride as Nun

Critical response
The Avengers was hated by many movie critics. The Rotten Tomatoes gave this movie a 5% rating, meaning "rotten". The Metacritic rated the movie at 12/100. That rating meant "overwhelming dislike".

The movie won two awards: one Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Remake or Sequel, and a Stinkers Bad Movie Award for Worst Resurrection of a TV show.

Awards

References

1998 action movies
1998 thriller movies
1990s action thriller movies
1990s spy movies
American action thriller movies
American spy movies
Eddie Griffin

Edward "Eddie" Griffin (born July 15, 1968) is an American actor and comedian. He is best known for playing Eddie Sherman on the sitcom Malcolm & Eddie. He later played in The Mod Squad (1999). Also in 1999, he played Miles Waise in the movie Foolish.

Griffin is also a musician. He had several albums.

Griffin was born in Kansas City, Missouri.

References

Musicians from Missouri
Comedians from Kansas City, Missouri
American voice actors
American television actors
American movie actors
Actors from Kansas City, Missouri
1968 births
Living people
Ronald Isley

Ronald Isley (born May 21, 1941) is an American recording artist, songwriter and record producer. He is the founding member and lead singer of the R&B group the Isley Brothers.

Isley received a Legend Award at the Soul Train Music Award.

Isley was born in Cincinnati, Ohio.

References 

American R&B singers
Musicians from Cincinnati, Ohio
African American musicians
American singer-songwriters
Singers from Cincinnati, Ohio
1941 births
Living people
Writers from Cincinnati, Ohio
Treaty of Amiens

The Treaty of Amiens (French: paix d'Amiens) temporarily ended hostilities between France and the United Kingdom during the French Revolutionary Wars. It was signed in the city of Amiens on 25 March 1802 (4 Germinal X in the French Republican Calendar) by Joseph Bonaparte and Marquess Cornwallis as a "Definitive Treaty of Peace". The consequent peace lasted for only one year (18 May 1803) and was the only period of general peace in Europe between 1793 and 1814.

Under the treaty, Britain recognised the French Republic. Together with the Treaty of Lunéville (1801), the Treaty of Amiens marked the end of the Second Coalition, which had waged war against Revolutionary France since 1798.

Treaties
Amiens
History of France
History of England
Skewes's number

In mathematics, Skewes’ number (10101034) is a theorized number in which once you surpass this number, the rarity of prime numbers decreases.

Recent studies show this tipping point to be much lower.

Number theory
Wet'n'Wild Hawaii

Wet'n'Wild Hawaii is a Hawaiian-themed water park. It is located in Kapolei, on the island of Oahu. Wet'n'Wild is currently the only water park in the state of Hawaii. It is owned by the global Wet 'n Wild brand, and is one of their seven operating parks. Around the time WhiteWater World began construction in 1995, it was reported

Rides 
In order to cater to park attendees, Wet'n'Wild develops new rides and takes some out of service. One of the more recent rides includes the Tornado, while rides such as the Cliffhanger went out of service.

A list of rides include:

 Big Kahuna
 Cutter's Island
 Da FlowRider
 Hawaiian Waters
 Island Adventure Golf
 Kapolei Kooler
 Keiki Kove
 O-Hana Highway
 Shaka
 Surfsliders
 Tornado
 Volcano Express
 Waianae Coasters
 Waimea Whirl
 Water World

Hawaii
Microsoft Visual C++

Microsoft Visual C++ is a coding environment made by Microsoft, mainly used for coding in C and C++. The software provides helpful tools for programmers, such as a debugging tool to help find bugs in written code. The program is available in both trial and free versions.

Some programs require the Visual C++ library package to be installed on the computer in order to run in the first place.

The previous version of Visual C++ was called Microsoft C/C++, originally used to compile code written in C. The first version of Microsoft Visual C++ was officially released in February of 1993.

The product was first created as an environment for C programming, however it only supported the original C library rather than the C99 revision. In 2013, Visual C++ included support for various C99 features, however it was not until 2015 that Visual C++ included full support of the C99 standard library. The C11 revision that replaced the C99 revision is still not supported in recent versions of Visual C++, however the company has plans to add them in future versions.

References

Other websites

 
 Building Win32 Applications Using Visual C++ 2005 Express
 Visual C++ Tools and Templates in Visual Studio Editions
 Visual C++ standalone build tools
 Microsoft's 'Going Native' Channel Nine show
 Rejuvenating the Microsoft C/C++ Compiler , September 2015

Microsoft
Overhead projector

An overhead projector (OHP) is a device that allows you to display images from either a computer/laptop or images created in real time. Overhead projectors were often used in classrooms to showcase some type of presentation on paper for a group of students to view and in more recent times, overhead projectors are being used/designed to project things on technological devices. This machine has a plastic frame that would be placed on top of the projector, and a fan that cools the machine from overheating if used for long periods of time.
Recently, overhead projectors in classrooms and conference rooms are being replaced by things like document cameras and interactive whiteboards since they let the presenter to project video directly from a computer file. 
The device has sometimes been called a "Belshazzar", after Belshazzar's feast.

History 
Before this device was built, there were machines similar to its use called magic lanterns that was made before the overhead projector.
French scientist Edmund Becquerel developed the first known overhead projection machine in 1853. It was used by Jules Duboscq in 1866. During World War II, overhead projectors were introduced into U.S. military training. After that, they were used at schools. Overhead projectors began to be widely used in schools and businesses in the late 1950s and early 1960s. As the need for overhead projects grew during the 1950’s a company named Bruhl industries was founded in 1953, which created more overhead projectors than anyone else.

Display technology
Machines
Heavy equipment

Heavy equipment are heavy-duty vehicles. They are specially designed for completing construction tasks involving digging. Other known names for heavy equipment are heavy machines, heavy trucks, construction equipment, engineering equipment, heavy vehicles, or heavy hydraulics. They are typically operated by skilled workers that have gone through specialized training. While many categories of equipment utilizes continuous tracks for rough conditions, others favor tires when possible for their greater mobility. The tires selected play a significant role on the production of the project and the cost of the heavy equipment. These three types of tires include, transport for earthmoving machines, work for slow moving earthmoving machines, and load and carry for transporting as well as digging. Heavy equipment applies leverage, like other simple machines (levers, pulleys, etc.), to multiply the effectiveness of the energy put in. The majority of these machines use diesel power to complete tasks.

Construction
External combustion engine

An external combustion engine (EC engine) is an engine which converts heated fluid into kinetic energy. The heated fluid, called working fluid, can be air, hot water, pressurized water or liquid sodium which is heated in a boiler. The fluid used to power the engine is cooled and reused in a closed cycle and the fluid is dumped in an open cycle.

Idea
Any combustion engine follows the basic idea of converting fossil fuels into motion. Internal combustion engines do this by converting the energy created by an explosion of the fossil fuels, into motion. External combustion engines, on the other hand, use the energy from burning fossil fuels to expand a gas or liquid and use the expansion to create motion. The addition of this intermediate step is what differentiates an internal vs. external combustion engine. External combustion engines came first, and tend to be more inefficient. Famous examples of external combustion engines are steam engines

Types
There are two types of external combustion: single phase and dual phase. In a single phase engine, the fossil fuels are burned to heat up a gas, which then expands and creates motion. In this case, there is no phase change.

With dual phase, you need one additional mechanism known as a phase transition. This process transforms the phase of liquid to gas. This converts temperature to usable work. Some common examples that use dual-phase engines are steam engines and engines that use Organic Rankine Cycle.

Engineering
Novelty song

A novelty song is a type of song that is meant to be funny, usually because of silly lyrics or lyrics that don't make a lot of sense. A song is considered a novelty song when it uses strange lyrics, strange music, out-of-the-ordinary subject matter, or any combination of the above. However, not all comedic songs are novelty songs.

Novelty songs are often parodies, mocking or poking fun at a popular topic or fad.

Songs
Warcraft 3

Warcraft 3 is a real-time strategy game created by Blizzard Entertainment released on July 2, 2002 and is a sequel to Warcraft 2: Tides of Darkness. The base version of the game is Warcraft 3: Reign of Chaos and has a supplemental expansion version, Warcraft 3: The Frozen Throne.

Gameplay 
In Warcraft 3, players control small armies of units of a specific race and are tasked with various objectives based on scenario to achieve victory. The common available to play races are Night elf, Human, Undead, and Orc which all have their own unique units. Armies are comprised of 1-3 primary hero units with special abilities, and anywhere from 1-80 additional units to combat other monsters or units. The primary goal of each Warcraft 3 game is to destroy your opponent's base and units with your own units, rendering them unable to fight back. Warcraft 3 features both a single player campaign and online multiplayer gameplay, which includes custom user-made arcade games that use assets from the base game.

2002 video games
Silky anteater

The silky anteater (Cyclopes didactylus), also called the pygmy anteater, is the smallest species of anteater. It is found in southern Mexico and Central/South America. The silky anteater is active at night and lives alone in trees. One of its most noticeable features are the two large claws on each of its front paws, which it uses to cling to branches and defend itself. It can use its tail to grasp things. It has soft yellow to grey fur. 

Like other anteaters, it is an insectivore (eats mainly insects) and like to eat ants.

Mammals of South America
Xenarthrans
John Havlicek

John Joseph "Hondo" Havlicek (April 8, 1940 – April 25, 2019) was an American professional basketball player. He played as a small forward or a shooting guard. He spent 16 seasons (1962–1978) playing for the Boston Celtics in the National Basketball Association (NBA). He won eight NBA championships with the Celtics. Four of his championship wins came in his first four seasons from 1963 to 1966. His other championships came in 1968, 1969, 1974 and 1976. He won a total of 13 NBA All-Star Games. In 1984, he was made a member of the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame. He was born in Martins Ferry, Ohio.

Havlicek had Parkinson's disease for the final years of his life. He died on April 25, 2019 in Jupiter, Florida, at the age of 79.

References

Other websites

1940 births
2019 deaths
American basketball players
Boston Celtics players
Deaths from Parkinson's disease
Disease-related deaths in Florida
Sportspeople from Ohio
National Basketball Association players with retired numbers
List of countries by past and projected GDP (nominal)

This is an alphabetical list of countries by past and projected gross domestic product (nominal) as ranked by the IMF.

UN estimates between 1970 and 1979
The following Table is based on UN GDP data.

IMF estimates between 1980 and 1989

IMF estimates between 1990 and 1999

IMF estimates between 2000 and 2009

IMF estimates between 2010 and 2019

IMF estimates between 2020 and 2024

CIA estimates in 1990 
GDP (Nominal) data in 1990, with some countries only GNP (Nominal) was provided by the CIA World Factbook.

Achievement of trillions in GDP 

The following is a list of countries reaching a certain threshold of nominal GDP in a specific year according to International Monetary Fund, United Nations, and World Bank.

Long term GDP estimates
The following table provides GDP estimates for the 20 largest economies from 2016 to 2050 made by UK based PricewaterhouseCoopers in February 2017.

The following table provides GDP estimates for the 50 largest economies in 2033 made by UK based Center for Business and Economic Research in December 2018.

References

nominal
Juan Francisco Rodríguez

Juan Francisco Rodríguez Márquez (12 September 1950 – 16 April 2019) was a Spanish boxer. He won the European amateur championship in 1971. He competed at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich. He later turned professional. He had 34 pro fights, winning 20 (nine by knockout), losing nine and drawing four. Some of his noted bouts were against Johnny Owen and Carlos Zárate Serna. He retired in 1982. Rodríguez was born in Almería, Andalusia. 

Rodríguez died on 16 April 2019 in Almería, at the age of 76.

References

Other websites
 Juan Francisco Rodríguez  at Sports-Reference.com

1950 births
2019 deaths
Boxers
People from Andalusia
Spanish Olympians
Fallout (series)

Fallout is a video game series created in 1997 by a company named Interplay. It was later bought by Bethesda Softworks. The games in the series are Fallout, which was made in 1997, Fallout 2, which was published in 1998, Fallout: Tactics, made in 2001, Fallout 3, made in 2008, Fallout: New Vegas, made in 2010, Fallout 4, made in 2015, and Fallout 76, published in 2018.

References

Other websites
 The Fallout Wiki

 
Video game series
Greg Theakston

Greg Allen Theakston (November 21, 1953 – April 22, 2019), also known as Earl P. Wooten, was an American comics artist and illustrator. He worked for many publishers. He founded his own publisher, Pure Imagination, in 1975. He was also known for creating "Theakstonizing" for comics reprinting. He was an illustrator for Mad for ten years. He worked on projects for Marvel Comics, DC Comics, Image Comics, Warren Comics, New York Daily News, Archie Comics, Galaxy Science Fiction, National Lampoon, The New York Times, Kitchen Sink, Playboy, TV Guide and Rolling Stone.

Theakston was born in Detroit, Michigan. He died on April 22, 2019, at the age of 65.

References

Other websites

 

1953 births
2019 deaths
American comics artists
American illustrators
People from Detroit, Michigan
Eurasian eagle-owl

The Eurasian eagle-owl (Bubo bubo) is a species of eagle-owl that is found in Eurasia. It is also called the European eagle-owl. In Europe, it is just called the eagle-owl.

It is one of the largest species of owl. Females grow to a total length of 75 cm (30 in), with a wingspan of 188 cm (6 ft 2 in); males are slightly smaller. The bird has distinctive ear tufts.

The Eurasian eagle-owl is found in many habitats, but is mostly a bird of mountainous regions or other rocky areas, often near woodland edge and shrubs or wetlands to hunt their prey.

References

Strigiformes
Sergey Pogorelov

Sergey Valentinovich Pogorelov (; 2 June 1974 – 24 April 2019) was a Russian team handball player. He won a gold medal in team handball with the national team at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney. He also won a bronze medal with Russia in team handball at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens. He was born in Volgograd.

Pogorelov died in Volgograd on 24 April 2019, at the age of 44.

References

Other websites
 Sergey Pogorelov  at Sports-Reference.com

1974 births
2019 deaths
2000 Summer Olympics
2004 Summer Olympics
Handball
Olympic bronze medalists
Olympic gold medalists
Russian sportspeople
Volgograd
Zoran Marojević

Zoran Maroević (27 April 1942 – 24 April 2019) was a Yugoslav basketball player. He won a silver medal with the Yugoslav national basketball team at the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City. He was born in Matulji. He died on 24 April 2019, three days before his 77th birthday.

References

Other websites
 Zoran Marojević  at Sports-Reference.com

1942 births
2019 deaths
1968 Summer Olympics
Basketball players
Olympic silver medalists
Yugoslavian sportspeople
Fish stock (food)

Fish stock is a kind of stock used for fish dishes. It is used in French and international cuisine.

This stock is the basis of fish soups and sauces. It is usually made with fish bones and fish heads, together with finely chopped mirepoix. The fish stock is cooked for 20–25 minutes—cooking any longer spoils the flavour.  Concentrated fish stock is called "fish fumet".

In Japan, a fish and kelp stock called dashi is made by briefly (3–5 minutes) cooking skipjack tuna (bonito) flakes called katsuobushi in nearly boiling water. Other Japanese fish stock is made from fish that have been fried and boiled for several hours, creating a white milky broth. This has a rich feel and sweet umami taste.

For fish stocks in other Asian cooking, see fish sauce.

Sourcebook 
Murdoch 2004. Essential Seafood Cookbook Court-bouillon and fish stock, p. 34. Murdoch Books. ISBN 9781740454124

Seafood
Cooking methods
Faty Papy

Faty Papy (18 September 1990 – 25 April 2019) was a Burundian professional footballer. He played as a midfielder.

Papy was born in Bujumbura. He played for local side AS Inter Star before signing for Turkish side Trabzonspor. He was loaned to Dutch club MVV Maastricht for a season. He later signed for APR of Rwanda, before moving to South Africa to play for Bidvest Wits of the Premier Soccer League. He also played for Burundi. He played 21 games for his country, scoring twice.

In 2019, Papy was playing in Eswatini for Malanti Chiefs. During a home game on 25 April 2019, he collapsed and died on the pitch. He was 28.

References

Other websites
 

1990 births
2019 deaths
African footballers
Burundian people
Pokémon XD: Gale of Darkness

Pokémon XD: Gale of Darkness is a 2005 role-playing game created by The Pokémon Company and developed by Genius Sonority. It was only released for the Nintendo GameCube. Pokémon XD: Gale of Darkness was released on August 4, 2005 in Japan and on September 14, 2005 in the United States.

2005 video games
Pokémon RPGs
Nintendo GameCube games
Avalon (mythology)

Avalon is a mythical place in Arthurian legend. It is the home of the Lady of the Lake. King Arthur got his famous sword called Excalibur at Avalon. Avalon is also called the Isle of Apples or the Isle of Glass. The island is said to have healing powers according to Arthurian authors.
it is also to be the home of magic. according to the legends.

Fictional locations
Robbert de Greef

Robbert de Greef (27 August 1991 – 25 April 2019) was a Dutch cyclist. He was a member of the Alecto Cycling Team. He won the 2017 Kernen Omloop Echt-Susteren. He also finished second in the 2019 Ronde van Drenthe. He was born in Geldrop, North Brabant.

De Greef had a heart attack riding in the Omloop van de Braakman race. He was taken to a hospital in Antwerp and was put into a coma. He died more than three weeks later on 25 April 2019 of a brain haemorrhage. He was 27.

References

Other websites

 Robbert de Greef at ProCyclingStats

1991 births
2019 deaths
Cardiovascular disease deaths in Belgium
Deaths from cerebral hemorrhage
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Dutch cyclists
Sportspeople from North Brabant
Nasser Farbod

Nasser Farbod (‎; 27 April 1922 – 26 April 2019) was an Iranian political activist and military officer. He served as the Chief-of-Staff of the Islamic Republic of Iran Army from 27 March 1979 until his resignation on 12 July 1979. He was born in Tehran.

Farbod died on 26 April 2019, at the age of 96.

References

1922 births
2019 deaths
Iranian military people
People from Tehran
Political activists
Ellen Schwiers

Ellen Schwiers (11 June 1930 – 26 April 2019) was a German actress. Her acting career lasted from 1949 to 2015. She acted in plays by Friedrich Dürrenmatt and Max Frisch at the Schauspielhaus Zürich. She appeared as the Buhlschaft in Jedermann at the Salzburg Festival. She also acted in over 200 movies and television series. Some of her screen roles include When the Bells Sound Clearly, The Inheritance of Bjorndal, God's Thunder and Tatort. In 1989, she was awarded an Officer's Cross of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany.

Schwiers was born in Stettin, Pomerania, which is now the Polish city of Szczecin. She was married to Peter Jacob from 1956 until his death in 1992. The couple had two children.

On 26 April 2019, Schwiers died in Starnberg, Bavaria. She was 88.

References

Other websites

 
 

1930 births
2019 deaths
German movie actors
German stage actors
German television actors
Lorenzo Quinteros

Lorenzo Quinteros (14 June 1945 – 23 April 2019) was an Argentine actor. His first movie roles was in Alianza para el progreso (1971). He later appeared in the movies Man Facing Southeast (1986), Last Scenes from the Shipwreck (1989), A Wall of Silence (1993), The Act in Question (1994), Buenos Aires Vice Versa (1996), The Adventures of God (2000) and Valentín (2002). In 2009, he was cast as Marquis de Sade in an Argentine version of Peter Weiss' Marat/Sade.

Quinteros was born in Monte Buey, Córdoba Province. He died at a hospital in Buenos Aires on 23 April 2019. He was 73.

References

Other websites
 

1945 births
2019 deaths
Argentine movie actors
Argentine television actors
Argentine stage actors
Feargal Quinn

Feargal Quinn (27 November 1936 – 24 April 2019) was an Irish businessman, politician and television personality. He founded the Superquinn supermarket chain. He served as a Senator for the National University of Ireland constituency from 1993 to 2016. He also did television work for Raidió Teilifís Éireann (RTÉ). He was born in Dublin.

After a short illness, Quinn died on 24 April 2019 in Dublin. He was 82.

References

1936 births
2019 deaths
Irish businesspeople
Irish philanthropists
Disease-related deaths in the Republic of Ireland
Former members of Seanad Éireann
Irish television personalities
People from Dublin
Jimmy Banks

James Banks (September 2, 1964 – April 26, 2019) was an American soccer player. He played as a defender.

Banks was born in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. In college, he played for the University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee's Milwaukee Panthers from 1983 to 1987. Between 1987 and 1993, he played indoor soccer for Milwaukee Wave. He played for the United States from 1986 to 1991. He played 36 games for his country, including two at the 1990 FIFA World Cup.

Banks died of pancreatic cancer on April 26, 2019 in Milwaukee. He was 54.

References

Other websites
 

1964 births
2019 deaths
1990 FIFA World Cup players
American soccer players
Cancer deaths in the United States
Deaths from pancreatic cancer
Disease-related deaths in Wisconsin
American soccer coaches
Sportspeople from Milwaukee, Wisconsin