cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Scottie Upshall

Scott "Scottie" Upshall (born October 7, 1983 in Fort McMurray, Alberta) is a former Canadian professional ice hockey right winger for the Arizona Coyotes. He also played for the St. Louis Blues, FLorida Panthers, Columbus Blue Jackets, and Nashville PredatorsHe was picked by the Nashville Predators with the sixth overall pick in the 2002 NHL Entry Draft. He played in the WHL with the Kamloops Blazers. Upshall has also played with the Nashville Predators for 4 seasons and the Philadelphia Flyers for 3 seasons before being traded to the Phoenix Coyotes on March 4, 2009 for Daniel Carcillo.

Awards 
He won a Bronze medal in the 2000 World Hockey Challenge.
He was named to the CHL - All-Rookie Team (Canadian Major Junior) in 2001.
He was named the Rookie of the Year in the CHL in 2001.
He was named to the WHL All-Rookie Team in 2001.
He won the Jim Piggott Memorial Trophy for the WHL Rookie of the Year in 2001.
He was named to the WHL West Second All-Star Team in 2002.
He won a Silver medal in the 2002 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships in 2002.
He won a Silver medal in the 2003 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships in 2003.
He won the Calder Cup with the Milwaukee Admirals of the AHL in 2004.
He won a silver medal in the 2009 Men's World Ice Hockey Championships in 2009

Other websites 
Scottie Upshall's NHL Player Page

1983 births
American Hockey League players
Canadian ice hockey right wingers
Columbus Blue Jackets players
Ice hockey people from Alberta
Kamloops Blazers players
Living people
Florida Panthers players
St. Louis Blues players
Nashville Predators players
Phoenix Coyotes players
Philadelphia Flyers players
RC Cola

RC Cola or (Royal Crown Cola) is a soft drink (soda) similar to Coca Cola in its color. Each can of RC Cola contains 160 calories. RC Cola is manufactured by Cott Beverages and the Dr Pepper Snapple Group.

History 
RC Cola was invented by a Claude A. Hatcher, a pharmacist of the state of Georgia, in 1905. RC Cola was the first soda to be sold in a aluminum can. The first diet soda ever sold was introduced by the company in 1958 and was called Diet Rite.

Flavors
The company sells all sorts of flavors of RC Cola such as:

RC Cola
Diet RC
Diet Rite
Royal Crown Draft Cola - limited U.S. availability
Cherry R.C. - Available in limited markets
RC Edge - Available in limited markets
RC 100 - Discontinued
Caffeine Free RC - Available in limited markets
RC Free - Only available in Israel

Other websites
RC Cola's Official website 

Soft drinks
Tara Reid

Tara Donna Reid (born November 8, 1975 in Wyckoff, New Jersey) is an American actress. She made her movie debut in the 1987 horror movie A Return to Salem's Lot. She had a recurring role on the television show, Scrubs as Danni Sullivan. She is best known for her role as Victoria 'Vicky' Lathum in the American Pie movie series.

From August 18 - September 2, 2011, she was a housemate in Celebrity Big Brother UK.

Filmography
 A Return to Salem's Lot (1987) - Amanda
 The Big Lebowski (1998) -  Bunny Lebowski
 Girl (1998) - Cybil
 I Woke Up the Day I Died (1998) - Prom Queen/Nightclub Bartender
 Urban Legend (1998) - Sasha Thomas
 Cruel Intentions (1999) - Marci Greenbaum
 Around The Fire (1999) - Jennifer
 American Pie (1999) - Victoria 'Vicky' Lathum
 Body Shots (1999) - Sara Olswang
 Dr. T & the Women (2000) - Connie
 Just Visiting (2001) - Angelique
 Josie and the Pussycats (2001) - Melody Valentine
 American Pie 2 (2001) - Victoria 'Vicky' Lathum
 National Lampoon's Van Wilder (2002) - Gwen Pearson
 Devil's Pond (2003) - Julianne (straight-to-video)
 My Boss's Daughter (2003) - Lisa Taylor
 Alone in the Dark (2005) - Aline Cedrac
 The Crow: Wicked Prayer (2005) - Lola Bryne
 Silent Partner (2005) - Dina (straight-to-video)
 Incubus (2006) - Jay (straight-to-video)
 If I Had Known I Was a Genius (2007) - Stephanie (straight-to-video)
 7-10 Split/Strike (2007) - Lindsay/Lil Reno (straight-to-video)
 Senior Skip Day (2008) - Ellen Harris (straight-to-video)
 Clean Break/Unnatural Causes (2008) - Julia McKay (straight-to-video)
 Land of Canaan (2010) - Amy (post-production)
 Last Call (2010) - Lindsay (post-production)
 The Fields (2011) - Bonnie (post-production)
 Sharknado
 Sharknado 2: The Second One''

Other websites 
 

1975 births
Living people
Actors from New Jersey
American movie actors
American television actors
Celebrity Big Brother contestants
People from Wyckoff, New Jersey
Exit (command)

exit is a command on the terminal in many operating systems and scripting languages. It is used to stop all processes that are running in the terminal and close the terminal window. This is also the command to use to safely end all processes in the terminal.

Using this command will log the user out of his/her session in the terminal. Many scripting languages, like Perl and PHP uses this command.

Computer science
Dave Freudenthal

David Duane "Dave" Freudenthal (born October 12, 1950 in Thermopolis, Wyoming) is an American politician. He was the 31st Governor of Wyoming. Freudenthal was re-elected to his second term on November 7, 2006, and announced on March 4, 2010, that he would not attempt to seek a third term as Governor of Wyoming.

Freudenthal is married to Nancy D. Freudenthal who currently serves as a judge on the United States District Court for the District of Wyoming and they have four children: Donald, Hillary, Bret and Katie.

References

1950 births
Living people
Governors of Wyoming
American economists
Scientists from Wyoming
US Democratic Party politicians
Knothead and Splinter

Knothead and Splinter are the nephew and niece of Woody Woodpecker. They first appeared in the cartoon Get Lost!. Originally Knothead and Splinter were Woody's nephews in the New Funnies comic books. Knothead was Nuthead and Splinter was a boy. But in 1949, Nuthead was turned into Knothead and Splinter was a girl. In the late 1950's Knothead and Splinter appeared in both animated cartoons and comic books. They were both voiced by June Foray. Woody was voiced by Grace Stafford/Lantz/Lanza. Knothead and Splinter had rivals such as Heckle and Jeckle, Chip N' Dale and the Goofy Gophers during their time. They also appeared in The New Woody Woodpecker Show.

Portrayals
 June Foray (1956–1965)
 Grace Stafford (1970)
 E. G. Daily and Nika Futterman (1999–Present)

Get Lost!
In Get Lost!, Knothead and Splinter outwit a dimwitted cat voiced by Don Messick.

Related pages
 Winnie Woodpecker
 Woody Woodpecker

Animated characters
Sun Records

Sun Records is a record label started on March 27, 1952 by Sam Phillips. It is in Memphis, Tennessee. It is where singers like Elvis Presley, Johnny Cash, Roy Orbison, Jerry Lee Lewis, and Carl Perkins started their singing careers. It is a rhythm and blues label. Today, it is a historical museum. 

Elvis Presley
Lenape

The Lenape, Lenappe, Lenapi or Lenni Lenape (meaning "the people" or "true people") are a group of several bands of Native American people who share cultural and linguistic traits. They are also known as the Delaware Indians. They spoke two similar languages known as the Delaware languages: Unami and Munsee. 

The Lenape lived in the area called Lenapehoking, roughly the area around and between the Delaware and lower Hudson Rivers. These areas are known today as the U.S. states of New Jersey, eastern Pennsylvania around the Delaware and Lehigh valleys. They also lived on the north shore of Delaware and much of southeastern New York, mostly the lower Hudson Valley and Upper New York Bay. Nowadays most live in Oklahoma, Wisconsin and Ontario.

Native American
Guilder

Guilder is the English translation of the Dutch gulden, meaning "golden". The guilder used to be a gold coin, but has been a used for silver or metal coins for some centuries. The name is also called florin. The guilder was used most in the Netherlands (as the Dutch guilder), until it was replaced by the euro on 1 January 2002. The Netherlands Antillean guilder is currently the only guilder officially in use, though the Netherlands no longer accepts the currency in their banks.

References 

Former currencies of Europe
History of the Netherlands
2002 disestablishments in Europe
International Institute of Social History

The International Institute of Social History (Dutch: Internationaal Instituut voor Sociale Geschiedenis; abbreviation: IISG) is a historical research institute in Amsterdam. It was founded in 1935 by Nicolaas Posthumus. It has collections of the most works and manuscripts by socialist including Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels and Rosa Luxemburg. It is now part of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences.

Other websites 
 International Institute of Social History, Amsterdam, Netherlands: The Official Website

Netherlands
1935 establishments in Europe
1930s establishments in the Netherlands
Fenghuang

Fenghuang (Chinese: 鳳凰; Pinyin: Fènghuáng; is the name of two Chinese mythological birds, that were central figures in ancient Chinese cosmology. Sometimes called the Chinese Phoenix, the Fenghuang is a symbol of summer and spiritual balance, and along with the dragon, qilin and tortoise, is one of the most highly revered creatures in Chinese tradition. Its appearance is said to indicate some great event, or to bear testimony to the greatness of a ruler.

Asian mythology
Chinese culture
Special Cases

"Special Cases" is a song on English trip-hop band Massive Attack's fourth full-length album, 100th Window. It was released as the first single from this album on 24 February 2003, reaching #15 in the UK Singles Chart.  Having Sinéad O'Connor on vocals, it was for many fans of the band their first exposure to the new album.

In addition to a radio edit of the original song, the single release contains a remix by Canadian electronica artist Akufen, as well as "I Against I", a song performed with Mos Def that appeared on the soundtrack of the 2002 film Blade II.  12" vinyl releases contained more remixes of "Special Cases" by Vladislav Delay, who is credited as "Luomo" for this release.

The song was also made into two separate videos.  The Enhanced CD contains one of these, and the other video is on a rare DVD release of the single.

Track listing 
CD (VSCDT1839)
 "Special Cases" (radio edit) – 3:46
 "Special Cases" (Akufen Remix) – 9:56
 "I Against I" – 5:40
 "Special Cases" (Video Version 2) – 5:09

12" (VST1839)
 "Special Cases (Akufen Remix)" – 9:56
 "Special Cases (Luomo's Casing)" – 7:56

DVD (VSDVD1839)
 "Special Cases" (Video Version 1) – 5:09
 "Special Cases" (radio edit) – 3:46
 "Special Cases" (Akufen Remix) – 9:56
 "Special Cases" (Luomo's Casing Edit) – 4:43

References

Other websites
 inflightdata.com - Massive Attack Discography 
 MASSIVEATTACK.IE song info entry on Special Cases 

Massive Attack songs
2003 songs
Ice lolly

An ice lolly, ice lollipop, or ice pop, is a frozen snack of flavoured ice. It is made by freezing flavoured liquid (such as fruit juice) or cream around a wooden stick. Once the liquid freezes solid, the stick can be used as a handle to hold the ice pop. In the United States, the snack is also referred to as a popsicle after the brand.

In the city of Liverpool, UK, they use the actual term Lolly Ice as it is a Lolly made of ice, not Ice made of Lolly.

Term usage in UK, USA and Canada

The term ice lolly is used primarily in the United Kingdom, with variations used in other English-speaking countries. In the United States and Canada, the same frozen snack is often termed a 'popsicle' or 'ice pop'. The term has also been used as branding for the tourism website  Ice Lolly.

References

Snack foods
Nissan Micra

The Nissan Micra is a subcompact car produced by Nissan Motor Company since 1982. It entered its second generation in 1992, then its third generation in 2002, and its fourth generation in 2010. It can have three or five doors and three or four cylinder engines. The Micra is called the March in some countries including Japan.

Gallery 

Micra
Front wheel drive vehicles
1980s automobiles
1990s automobiles
2000s automobiles
2010s automobiles
Newt Gingrich

Newton Leroy "Newt" Gingrich (born June 17, 1943 as Newton Leroy McPherson) is an American politician.

Early life
He was born Newton Leroy McPherson in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. He was adopted by his stepfather.

Political career
Gingrich was a Congressman from Georgia from 1978 to 1999. He was speaker of the House of Representatives from 1995 to 1999. He is known for bringing in the "Republican Revolution" in the House because his political party, the Republican Party, or GOP, after 40 years of the Democratic Party dominating Congress.

Personal life
He is also an author, professor, and a historian. Since quitting the House, Gingrich has become a political analyst, or someone who talks about current issues on television, radio, or in a newspaper. Gingrich has been a Fox News Network  political analyst until his presidential campaign in 1988. He then joined the Cable News Network(CNN) as a political analyst after the campaign ended.  He also cohosted Crossfire on CNN.

In 2000, he married Callista Bisek.

2012 Election
Gingrich had ran for President in 2012.
On 2 May 2012, Gingrich ended his presidential campaign.

References

American adoptees
Politicians from Pennsylvania
Time People of the Year
Speakers of the United States House of Representatives
2012 United States presidential candidates
United States representatives from Georgia
1943 births
Living people
People from Harrisburg, Pennsylvania
CNN people
Woody Woodpecker

Wooddrow "Woody "Woodpecker is an animated cartoon character, an anthropomorphic woodpecker who appeared in theatrical short movies produced by Walter Lantz, and distributed by Universal Pictures.

Woody Woodpecker cartoon was created in 1940 by Ben "Bugs" Hardaway. He also created the cartoon characters of Bugs Bunny and Daffy Duck when he worked at the Schlesinger/Warner Bros. studio in the late 1930s.

His niece and nephew are Knothead and Splinter. His girlfriend is Winnie Woodpecker. In The New Woody Woodpecker Show, Winnie is voiced by B. J. Ward.

Related pages
Knothead and Splinter
Andy Panda
Chilly Willy

Animated characters
Little Nicky

Little Nicky is a 2000 American fantasy comedy movie that was produced by Jack Giarraputo and Robert Simonds and was directed by Steven Brill. It stars Adam Sandler and is set in New York City.

Cast 
 Adam Sandler as Nicky
 Rhys Ifans as Adrian
 Tom 'Tiny' Lister, Jr. as Cassius
 Harvey Keitel as Dad (Satan)
 Allen Covert as Todd
 Patricia Arquette as Valerie Veran
 Robert Smigel as the voice of Mr. Beefy
 Rodney Dangerfield as Grandpa (Lucifer)
 Jonathan Loughran as John
 Peter Dante as Peter
 Leah Lail as Christa
 Jackie Sandler as Jenna
 Dana Carvey as the Referee
 Michael McKean as Chief of Police
 Kevin Nealon as Stanley the Gatekeeper
 Reese Witherspoon as Holly (Nicky's Mom)
 Blake Clark as Jimmy the Demon

Cameos
Other than the cast there was also a lot of cameos in the movie:
 Regis Philbin as Himself
 Ozzy Osbourne as Himself
 Bill Walton as Himself
 Dan Marino as Himself
 Henry Winkler as Himself
 Rob Schneider as The Townie (Playing his character from The Waterboy)
 Carl Weathers as Chubbs (Playing his character from Happy Gilmore)
 Clint Howard as Nipples
 Jon Lovitz as Peeper
 Fred Wolf and the Harlem Globetrotters
 Radio Man as Himself
 Quentin Tarantino as Blind deacon
 Ellen Cleghorne as Mom at Globetrotters game
 Laura Harring as Mrs. Dunleavy

Ratings 
Little Nicky gained mainly negative reviews:

 Rotten Tomatoes - 22%
 Metacritic - 38% out of 100

Other websites 
 
 

2000 comedy movies
2000s fantasy-comedy movies
American fantasy-comedy movies
English-language movies
Happy Madison movies
Movies about brothers
Movies set in New York City
New Line Cinema movies
Screenplays by Adam Sandler
Declaration of Rights and Grievances

The Declaration of Rights and Grievances was a document that made it official that taxes forced on British colonists without their formal consent were not lawful. This was especially for the Stamp Act, which required that documents, newspapers, and playing cards were to be printed on special stamped and taxed paper.

18th century in the United States
Peter Stuyvesant

Peter Stuyvesant (c. 1612 – August 1672), served as the last Dutch Director-General of the colony New Netherland (known today as New York City) from 1647 to 1664, when the English took control of the island.  He was born in Peperga. He is a major figure in the early history of New York City. In Brooklyn, there are neighborhoods and streets named after him, such as  named after him called Stuyvesant Heights and Bedford-Stuyvesant (often shortened to Bedstuy).

References

1612 births
1672 deaths
Dutch politicians
People from Friesland
Daydreaming (song)

Daydreaming is a song by trip-hop band Massive Attack with Shara Nelson. It was released in 1990. It was released as a single in October 1990, six months before before it was released in the album Blue Lines.

Massive Attack songs
1990 songs
New York Harbor

The New York Harbor refers to waterways of the estuary near the mouth of the Hudson River that empty into New York Bay and port in New York City and New Jersey. The term is used to refer to the Upper New York Bay. The main port facilities are in Elizabeth, New Jersey and Newark, New Jersey. "New York harbor" sometimes refers to the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey, the port district for New York metropolitan area, under the jurisdiction of the Port Authority.

Geography of New York City
Transport in New Jersey
Fort Amsterdam

Fort Amsterdam (later called Fort James, Fort Willem Hendrick, Fort James (again), Fort William, Fort Anne and Fort George between British and Dutch rule) was a fort on the southern tip of modern-day Manhattan that was the administrative headquarters for the Dutch and then British rule of New York from 1625 to 1790, when it was torn down after the American Revolution.

Buildings and structures in Manhattan
Amsterdam
History of Manhattan
The Narrows

The Narrows is the tidal strait splitting up the New York City boroughs of Staten Island and Brooklyn. It connects the Upper and Lower New York Bay and makes the channel where the Hudson River can empty into the Atlantic Ocean. It is believed that the Narrows were most likely formed after deposition of the Harbor Hill Moraine about 18,000 years ago just before to the end of the last ice age. Staten Island and Brooklyn used to be connected and the Hudson River emptied into the ocean through the Raritan River and taking course through present day northern New Jersey. A build up of water in the Upper Bay allowed the river to break through to form the Narrows less than 12,000 to 13,000 years ago as it exists today.

The first recorded European entrance into the Narrows was in 1524 by Florentine explorer Giovanni da Verrazzano, who set anchor in the strait and was greeted by a group of Lenape in canoes. A 1964 bridge across the Narrows was named for him.

References 

Staten Island
Straits
Brooklyn
Splitting the Atom

Splitting the Atom is an EP by Massive Attack. It was released in October 2009 to download. Only 1,000 copies were released on vinyl.

Track listing

Massive Attack
Butterfly Caught

"Butterfly Caught" is a song by trip-hop band Massive Attack. It was released in June 2003. The song was written by Neil Davidge and Robert Del Naja.

2003 songs
Unfinished Sympathy

Unfinished Sympathy is a song by trip-hop band Massive Attack. It was released in 1991. 

Massive Attack songs
Governors Island

Governors Island is a 172-acre (70 ha) island that lies on the Upper New York Bay, about one-half mile (1 km) from the southern tip of Manhattan Island and away from Brooklyn by Buttermilk Channel. It is legally part of the borough of Manhattan in New York City. 

Governors Island was a military base for over three hundred years. Fort Jay is the largest fort there. The island was made bigger by about 82 acres (33 ha) of landfill on its southern side when the first New York City Subway was excavated in the early 20th century.

References

Geography of New York City
Manhattan
Yamanashi Prefecture

is a prefecture in the Chūbu region of Japan on the island of Honshū.  The  capital is the city of Kōfu.

History 
During the Heian period, Kai Province was created in this area and it was re-named Yamanashi in the Meiji period.

Timeline
 1869 – Kai Province was renamed Kōfu Prefecture
 1871 – Kōfu was renamed Yamanashi Prefecture.

Geography 
The borders of Yamanashi Prefecture are formed by Tokyo Prefecture, Kanagawa Prefecture, Saitama Prefecture, Shizuoka Prefecture, and Nagano Prefecture.

The prefecture is landlocked with mountains surrounding the central Kōfu Basin.

Mount Fuji is on the southern border with Shizuoka.

Cities

Towns and Villages

Towns and villages in each district:

National Parks
National Parks are established in about 27% of the total land area of the prefecture.

Shrines and Temples
Asama jinja is the chief Shinto shrine (ichinomiya) in the prefecture.  

Takeda  jinja is related  to  "Takeda Shingen".

Related pages
 Provinces of Japan
 Prefectures of Japan
 List of regions of Japan
 List of islands of Japan
 Ventforet Kofu

References

Other websites 

http://www.pref.yamanashi.jp/english/index.html ; http://www.pref.yamanashi.jp/japanese/index.html 
Osano Memorial Foundation website
Yamanashi English Teachers International homepage (JET)
Françoise Madeleine d'Orléans

Françoise Madeleine d'Orléans (13 October 1648 – 14 January 1664) was born at the Château de Saint Germain en Laye and was the youngest surviving daughter of Gaston of Orléans and his second wife Marguerite of Lorraine. From birth, she was styled Mademoiselle de Valois. She was the favourite sister of La Grande Mademoiselle. She grew up in the company of her sisters at the Château de Blois. Under the influence of her paternal aunt Christine, Dowager Duchess of Savoy, she was engaged to her first cousin Charles Emmanuel II, Duke of Savoy. 

Orléans married the Duke of Savoy by proxy at the Palais du Louvre on 4 March 1663. The couple met for the first time at Annecy on 3 April 1663 where they were married officially. The homesick princess soon died at the Royal Palace of Turin childless at the age of 15. She was buried at Turin Cathedral where she rests today. Her husband married again to Marie Jeanne of Savoy by whom he had a son.

Titles and Styles

13 October 1648 – 4 March 1663 Her Royal Highness Mademoiselle de Valois
4 March 1663 – 14 January 1664 Her Royal Highness The Duchess of Savoy

References

Other websites

1648 births
1664 deaths
House of Orléans
House of Savoy
Dukes and Duchesses of Savoy
Avi Cohen

Avaraham "Avi" Cohen (; November 14, 1956 - December 29, 2010) was the first international football star to come from Israel. Born in Cairo, he joined the Maccabi Tel Aviv football club in 1975 and within a year was playing for the Israel national football team. He joined the Liverpool F.C. in 1979 and played with 24 games for them. He went back to Israel but did return to Britain to play 15 games with the Glasgow Rangers. He retired from playing in 1990 and became the chairman of the Israel Professional Footballers Association. He was also football manager.

Cohen died from head injuries in 2010 after his motorbike was hit by a car in Tel Aviv. He was not wearing a proper helmet, which also was not buckled up, when he was hit.

His son, Tamir, plays football in England for the Bolton Wanderers F.C.

References

1956 births
2010 deaths
Egyptian Jews
Israeli football managers
Israeli footballers
Jewish Israeli sportspeople
Naturalized citizens of Israel
Road accident deaths
Deaths from head injury
Park County, Wyoming

Park County is a county in the U.S. state of Wyoming. It was created on February 15, 1909. As of 2000, 25,786 people lived there. Park County's seat is Cody.

Communities

Cities 
Cody (county seat)
Powell

Towns 
Frannie
Meeteetse

Census-designated places 
Garland
Ralston
Mammoth

Unincorporated communities
Clark
Wapiti
Yanceys

Other websites
Official county website

 
1911 establishments in Wyoming
Elizabeth Charlotte, Madame Palatine

Princess Elisabeth Charlotte (; known as Liselotte von der Pfalz, 27 May 1652 – 8 December 1722), was a German princess and the wife of Philippe of France, Duke of Orléans, younger brother of Louis XIV. She is best known for her vast correspondence detailing the court of her brother in law. She was referred to at court as simply Madame, as well as La Palatine and the Princess Palatine (Princesse Palatine)

Biography

Elisabeth Charlotte was born at the Heidelberg Castle as the only daughter of Charles I Louis, Elector Palatine and Charlotte of Hesse-Kassel. In childhood she was known as Liselotte. She grew up at the court of her aunt and would remain in contact with her aunt all her life.

On 16 November 1671, she was married by proxy at Metz. In order to marry she had to convert to Roman Catholicism. Elisabeth Charlotte would be very close to her two stepdaughters Marie Louise and Anne Marie. Her husband was gay but the couple still had three children but one died in infancy. After the birth of their daughter Élisabeth Charlotte, the couple mutually agreed to cease conjugal relations. Philippe turned to his lovers, and Elisabeth Charlotte to her writing.

After her husband's death, Elisabeth Charlotte feared that the king would send her to a convent but he insisted she stay at Versailles. Elisabeth Charlotte died at the age of seventy on 8 December 1722 at Saint-Cloud. She was buried at the Royal Basilica of Saint Denis.

Children

Alexandre Louis d'Orléans, Duke of Valois (2 June 1673 – 16 March 1676) died in infancy;
Philippe d'Orléans (Later "Regent of France" for Louis XV (2 August 1674 – 2 December 1723) married Françoise Marie de Bourbon, Légitimée de France and had children (descendants include Louis Philippe I);
Élisabeth Charlotte d'Orléans (13 September 1676 – 24 December 1744) married Léopold of Lorraine, Duke of Lorraine and had children (descendants include Marie Antoinette.)

Titles and Styles
27 May 1652 – 16 November 1671 Princess Palatine Elisabeth Charlotte, Countess Palatine of Simmern.
16 November 1671 – 9 June 1701 Her Royal Highness Madame, Duchess of Orléans.
9 June 1701 – 8 December 1722 Her Royal Highness Madame, Dowager Duchess of Orléans.

References

Further reading

 Life and letters of Charlotte Elisabeth, Princess Palatine and mother of Philippe d'Orléans, régent de France 1652 - 1722, compiled, translated, and gathered from various published and unpublished, Chapman & Hall, London, 1889.
 A woman's life in the court of the Sun King : letters of Liselotte von der Pfalz, 1652–1722, Elisabeth Charlotte, Duchesse d'Orléans, translated by Elborg Forster, Johns Hopkins University Press, 1984.

Other websites

1652 births
1722 deaths
Dukes and Duchesses of Montpensier
House of Orléans
Dukes and Duchesses of Orléans
Smallpox survivors
Bunyaviridae

Bunyaviridae is a family of negative-stranded RNA viruses. Though generally found in arthropods or rodents, certain viruses in this family occasionally infect humans. Some of them also infect plants.

Viruses
Takahē

The Takahē (Porphyrio hochstetteri) is a flightless bird indigenous to New Zealand and belonging to the rail family. It was thought to be extinct after the last four known specimens were taken in 1898. However, after a carefully planned search effort the bird was rediscovered by Geoffrey Orbell near Lake Te Anau in the Murchison Mountains, South Island, on November 20, 1948. The specific scientific name commemorates the Austrian geologist Ferdinand von Hochstetter.

References

Birds of New Zealand
Flightless birds
Gruiformes
Salvador Jorge Blanco

José Salvador Omar Jorge Blanco, (5 July 1926 - 26 December 2010) was the 41st President of the Dominican Republic. He was the first Dominican president to be charged with corruption.

Early life 
Blanco was born in Santiago de los Caballeros and studied law at the University of Santa Dominigo. He went into politics in the 1960's after the dictator Rafael Leónidas Trujillo was murdered. He joined a social democratic party, the Partido Revolucionario Dominicano (PRD). Blanco became leader of the party and won the 1982 presidential election.

Career 
At the same time Blanco became president, the world price on sugar dropped. The economy of the Dominican Republic was in a financial crisis as the government was spending far more than the country could afford and was three billion dollars in debt. The International Money Fund demanded cuts to spending. There were protests and riots. Blanco sent in the army to crush the protests: more than 100 people were killed, 500 wounded and thousands were put in prison. It was claimed that Blanco and other members of the government were making a lot of money through corrupt dealings with the army and military contracts.

Blanco did not stand in the 1986 election, and the new government put him on trial for corruption. He tried to gain asylum from Venezuela, but they said no. He was permitted to go the United States for medical treatment for a heart condition. While he was in the US he was found guilty of corruption and sentenced to prison for 23 years. There were many legal challenges, and he finally only spent two months in prison. In 2001 the Supreme Court ruled that the corruption charges were not true.

He died in 2010 from a heart attack after falling out of bed and hitting his head.

References

1926 births
2010 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Deaths from cerebral hemorrhage
Presidents of the Dominican Republic
Deaths from head injury
Atticus Finch

Atticus Finch is a fictional (not real) character in Harper Lee's book To Kill a Mockingbird. Atticus is an American lawyer who lives in Alabama. He is the father of Jeremy Atticus "Jem" Finch and Jean Louise "Scout" Finch. Atticus is an important character in the book.

In To Kill a Mockingbird, Atticus is shown as a good character, trying to live in the way he thinks a lawyer and human being should. He is very honest, thoughtful, and helps good causes (even when he knows that they will fail). He tries hard to teach his children to be kind, fair, and giving. His children later find out that he was an expert at shooting, but had not told them because he did not want them to think he was violent. He is described in the book as a tall, middle-aged man with glasses and hair that is going a little gray.

Alice Petry said that Atticus has "become something of a folk hero in legal circles and is treated almost as if he were an actual person." Examples of Atticus Finch's impact on the legal profession are plentiful. Morris Dees says that Atticus Finch was the reason he became a lawyer, and Richard Matsch said that Atticus influenced him greatly. Some people, however, criticize Atticus, saying that he does not use his legal skills to change the racism in his town.

References 

Fictional American people
To Kill a Mockingbird
Ronald and Richard Herrick

Ronald Lee Herrick (15 June 1931 - 29 December 2010) was the world's first organ donor. On December 23, 1954, Herrick had one of his kidneys removed and transplanted into his identical twin brother, Richard J. Herrick (15 June 1931 - 14 March 1963). Richard was dying from chronic nephritis, a kidney disease. This made Richard the first successful recipient of a human organ transplant. The operation was performed by Dr. Joseph Murray at the Peter Bent Brigham Hospital in Boston. Murray later won the 1990 Nobel Prize in Medicine for his transplant work.

Richard lived for a further eight years, while Ronald worked as a teacher and farmer. Ronald died in 2010 after complications from heart surgery. Since the 1954 operation more than 450,000 kidney transplants have been done in the US.

References

Other websites

1931 births
2010 deaths
1963 deaths
Deaths from kidney disease
Twin people from the United States
Organ transplant recipients
IU (singer)

Lee Ji-eun (born on May 16, 1993), is South Korean singer. She goes by the stage name IU. She is working in Loen Entertainment, a record label in Korea and she has won the Best New Artist Award in 2010. She is known for becoming a singer at a young age, with her first album when she was 15.

References 

Living people
1993 births
K-pop singers
Guitarists
South Korean actors
South Korean singers
Charles, Duke of Berry

Charles of France, Duke of Berry, (31 July 1686 – 5 May 1714) was a grandson of Louis XIV of France. The Duke of Berry was seven years heir presumptive to the throne of Spain (1700–1707) when his brother Philip V of Spain was childless.

Born at the Palace of Versailles, Charles was the youngest son of Louis, Dauphin of France, "le Grand Dauphin", and of Maria Anna Victoria of Bavaria. 

The Duchess of Orléans proposed he marry her daughter Marie Louise Élisabeth d'Orléans. All agreed, the marriage with Marie Louise Élisabeth took place on 6 July 1710. It was an unhappy marriage, and after a miscarriage which ended her first pregnancy, Marie Louise Élisabeth never gave birth to a child that lived for more than a few days. Once a widow, Madame de Berry became ill-famous for her debauched lifeways. She hid several pregnancies and died at 23 a few weeks after suffering a harrowing clandestine childbirth. Elisabeth Charlotte, Duchess Dowager of Orléans and the grandmother of Berry's wife, nicknamed him "Berry-Bon Cœur" ("Berry Good Heart").

Issue

 Na (not baptized) d'Alençon, Granddaughter of France (Fontainebleau, 21 July 1711)
 Charles d'Alençon, Grandson of France, Duke of Alençon (Versailles, 26 March 1713 – Versailles, 16 April 1713)
 Marie Louise Élisabeth d'Alençon, Granddaughter of France (Versailles, 16 June 1714 – Versailles, 17 June 1714)

Titles, styles, honours and arms

Titles and styles

31 July 1686 - 5 May 1714 His Royal Highness The Duke of Berry

1686 births
1714 deaths
People from Versailles
Nintendo DSi XL

The Nintendo DSi XL (called Nintendo DSi LL in Japan) is a game console made and manufactured by Nintendo. It is the fourth and final model in the Nintendo DS family. It is a bigger version of the Nintendo DSi and the biggest, heaviest, and brightest of the four models. It has bigger screens than the original DS, DS Lite, or regular DSi. It was first sold in Japan on 21 November 2009, in Europe on 5 March 2010, in North America on 28 March 2010, and in Australia on 15 April 2010. The DSi XL comes with several titles with the console including Flipnote Studio, Brain Age: Math, Brain Age: Spelling and Arts, and Photo Clock. Like the DSi, the Game Boy Advance slot is removed. It was discontinued in 2014.

References

Nintendo video game consoles
Handheld video games
Dwight Mathiasen

Dwight Wayne Mathiasen (born May 12, 1963 in Brandon, Manitoba) is a retired professional ice hockey player who played in the National Hockey League with the Pittsburgh Penguins.

References 

1963 births
Ice hockey people from Manitoba
Living people
Pittsburgh Penguins players
Canadian ice hockey right wingers
War Office

The War Office was the name of the ministry which controlled the British Army.  In 1963 the independent War Office, Admiralty and Air Ministry were joined to create the Ministry of Defence which controls all of the British armed forces.

War Department
Within the War Office, the name 'War Department' was used to describe the military transport services of the War Department Fleet and the War Department Railways.

Departments of the United Kingdom Government
British Army
1963 disestablishments in the United Kingdom
Teardrop (song)

"Teardrop" is a single by trip-hop band Massive Attack. It was released in 1998. It is also the themesong for House MD.

Massive Attack songs
Safe from Harm (song)

"Safe from Harm" is a song by trip-hop band Massive Attack. It was released in 1991.

Massive Attack songs
Admiralty

The Admiralty was the name of the ministry which controlled the British Royal Navy.  In 1963 the independent War Office, Admiralty and Air Ministry were joined to create the Ministry of Defence which controls all of the British Armed Forces.

Departments of the United Kingdom Government
Royal Navy
1963 disestablishments in the United Kingdom
Protection (song)

"Protection" is a song by trip-hop band Massive Attack. It was released in 1995.

Massive Attack songs
Air Ministry

The Air Ministry was the name of the ministry which controlled the British Royal Air Force.  In 1963 the independent War Office, Admiralty and Air Ministry were joined to create the Ministry of Defence which controls all of the British Armed Forces.

Departments of the United Kingdom Government
Royal Air Force
1963 disestablishments in the United Kingdom
Karmacoma

"Karmacoma" is a song by trip-hop band Massive Attack. It was released in 1995.

Massive Attack songs
Luminiferous aether

Luminiferous aether is a substance once believed to fill the Universe and explain how the transmission of waves of light can happen. People believed that light was a kind of wave. Waves travel over the surface of water in a pond, through the air in a room, etc. All waves that people had studied before had travelled through a medium. The speed of sound through steel is much higher than through air, so people imagined that light must travel through a similar medium too. Since light travels faster than anything else, light should travel through something more rigid (like steel) faster than anything else. But at the same time this substance must have a very low viscosity so that it would not slow down the movements of planets and cause them to eventually fall into their suns. The people coming before Albert Einstein believed this substance to exist, and they called it the "Luminiferous aether."

If an observer was to travel on a boat moving through an ocean current, then they could observe changes in the rate that waves appeared to travel depending on the relationship of the observer to the current.

Physicists conducted experiments to attempt to make this question become clear. The Michelson-Morley Experiment showed that there was no medium through which light travelled. It showed that there is no Luminiferous aether.

The easiest way to see the general idea is to imagine a very fast spaceship moving at one half the speed of light from one star to another. The spaceship has two light-speed meters, one pointing backward and one pointing forward. Since the spaceship is moving away from the photons given off by the yellow star, and running toward the photons given off by the blue star, our ordinary experience leads us to expect that we would measure the speed of the yellow photons as 150,000 kilometres per second, and the speed of the blue photons as 450,000 kilometres per second. However both photons are measured at 300,000 km/sec. Thereby this result indicates that speeds do not change relative to the movement of the spaceship.

Recent research 
A recent study is much more precise than the one by Michelson and Morley, but it still shows that the speed of light is constant no matter which direction one is moving in.

References 

Physics
History of science
Live with Me (song)

"Live with Me" is a song by trip-hop band Massive Attack. It was released in 2006 for their compilation album Collected.

Massive Attack songs
Singles 90/98

Singles 90/98 is a compilation album by trip-hop band Massive Attack. It was released in 1998. It has all songs that were released until 1998, when it was released. It also has  b-sides and remixes. It has a total of 63 tracks.

Track listing

Disc 1

 "Daydreaming (Album Version)" - 4:12
 "Daydreaming (Luv It Mix)" - 5:26
 "Daydreaming (Brixton Bass Mix)" - 5:22
 "Daydreaming (Luv It Dub)" - 5:25
 "Any Love" - 4:16

Disc 2

"Unfinished Sympathy (Original)" - 5:14
"Unfinished Sympathy (Nellee Hooper 7" Mix)" - 4:33
"Unfinished Sympathy (Nellee Hooper 12" Mix)" - 5:49
"Unfinished Sympathy (Perfecto Mix)" - 5:17
"Unfinished Sympathy (Instrumental)" - 4:08

Disc 3
 "Safe From Harm (Original)" - 5:18
 "Safe From Harm (7" Version)" - 4:26
 "Safe From Harm (12" Version)" - 6:55
 "Safe From Harm (Perfecto Mix)" - 8:13
 "Safe From Harm (Just A Groove Dub)" - 3:15
 "Safe From Harm (Just A Dub)" - 3:13

Disc 4

 "Hymn Of The Big Wheel (Original)" - 6:36
 "Hymn Of The Big Wheel (Nellee Hooper Mix)" - 5:52
 "Home Of The Whale" - 4:08
 "Be Thankful For What You've Got (Perfecto Mix)" - 6:17
 "Any Love (Larry Heard Mix)" - 4:27

Disc 5

 "Sly (Album Version)" - 5:26
 "Sly (7" Edit)" - 4:11
 "Sly (7 Stones Mix)" - 5:58
 "Sly (Underdog Mix)" - 5:19
 "Sly (Underdog Double Bass & A cappella)" - 3:37
 "Sly (Cosmic Dub)" - 5:26
 "Sly (Eternal Feedback Dub)" - 6:25

Disc 6

 "Protection (Album Version)" - 7:51
 "Protection (7" Edit)" - 4:53
 "Protection (Underdog's Angel Dust Mix)" - 7:35
 "Protection (Radiation For The Nation)" - 8:33
 "Protection (The Eno Mix)" - 9:10
 "Protection (J Sw!ft Mix)" - 7:13

Disc 7

 "Karmacoma (Album Version)" - 5:17
 "Karmacoma (Portishead Experience)" - 3:58
 "Karmacoma (Napoli Trip by Almamegretta)" - 6:04
 "Karmacoma (U.N.K.L.E. Situation)" - 5:37
 "Karmacoma (Bumper Ball Dub)" - 5:57
 "Karmacoma (Ventom Dub Special)" - 6:04
 "Blacksmith/Daydreaming" - 5:23

Disc 8

 "Risingson (Album Version)" - 4:59
 "Superpredators" - 5:46
 "Risingson (Underdog Mix)" - 6:05
 "Risingson (Otherside)" - 5:43
 "Risingson (Underworld Mix)" - 8:40

Disc 9

 "Teardrop (LP Version)" - 5:29
 "Teardrop (Scream Team Remix)" - 6:44
 "Teardrop (Mad Professor Mazaruni Vocal Mix)" - 6:06
 "Teardrop (Mad Professor Mazaruni Instrumental)" - 6:23
 "Euro Zero Zero" - 4:24

Disc 10

 "Angel (Album Version)" - 6:19
 "Angel (Radio Edit)" - 5:24
 "Angel (Blur Remix)" - 6:21
 "Angel (Mad Professor Remix)" - 6:15
 "Group Four (Mad Professor Remix)" - 7:51

Disc 11

 "Inertia Creeps (Album Version)" - 5:32
 "Inertia Creeps (Radio Edit)" - 4:09
 "Inertia Creeps (Manic Street Preachers Version)" - 5:02
 "Inertia Creeps (State of Bengal Mix)" - 6:23
 "Inertia Creeps (Alpha Mix)" - 5:54
 "Back/Shecomes" - 6:07
 "Reflection" - 4:52

Massive Attack albums
1998 albums
Compilation albums
Collected

Collected is a best-hits album by trip-hop band Massive Attack. It has material on CD and DVD.

Massive Attack albums
Compilation albums
2006 albums
Danny the Dog

Danny the Dog is the soundtrack for the movie Unleashed. It is by trip-hop band Massive Attack. It does not include the track called "Aftersun" featuring Dot Allison, that sounds on the credits at the end of the movie.

Track listing
 "Opening Title" – 1:10
 "Atta Boy" – 1:29
 "P Is for Piano" – 1:57
 "Simple Rules" – 1:20
 "Polaroid Girl" – 2:59
 "Sam" – 3:08
 "One Thought at a Time" – 4:23
 "Confused Images" – 1:59
 "Red Light Means Go" – 2:04
 "Collar Stays On" – 1:51
 "You've Never Had a Dream" – 2:46
 "Right Way to Hold a Spoon" – 3:19
 "Everybody's Got a Family" – 1:29
 "Two Rocks and a Cup of Water" – 2:32
 "Sweet Is Good" – 1:33
 "Montage" – 1:54
 "Everything About You Is New" – 2:25
 "The Dog Obeys" – 2:19
 "Danny the Dog" – 5:53
 "I Am Home" – 4:14
 "The Academy" – 1:45

Massive Attack albums

en:Unleashed (film)#Soundtrack
Chief of the General Staff

The Chief of the General Staff is the most senior officer of the British Army. The current holder of the post is General Sir Mark Carleton-Smith, appointed in June 2018.

For many years, until after World War II, the title used was Chief of the Imperial General Staff. This was supposed to show that all of the armies of the British Empire were united under one command. As countries gained independence, this was not the case.

British Army
I Want You (Marvin Gaye song)

"I Want You" is a song by Marvin Gaye. It was released in 1976. It was covered in 1995 by trip-hop band Massive Attack and Madonna.

1976 songs
Massive Attack songs
DJ-Kicks: Daddy G

DJ-Kicks: Daddy G is a DJ mix by Daddy G of Massive Attack. It was released in 2004.

Track listing
 "Intro" - Philip Levi & Tippa Irie  – 0:16
 "Armagideon Time" - Willie Williams  – 2:22
 "Rockfort Rock" - Sound Dimension  – 0:13
 "Non Non Non" - Melaaz  – 3:47
 "Aftermath (Version 1)" (featuring Martina Topley-Bird) - Tricky  – 5:36
 "Just Kissed My Baby" - The Meters  – 4:42
 "Mustt Mustt" (Massive Attack remix) - Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan  – 3:31
 "Face A La Mer" (Massive Attack remix) - Les Negresses Vertes  – 5:28
 "Karmacoma" (The Napoli Trip) (featuring Almamegretta, remixed by Ben Young) - Massive Attack  – 6:07
 "Budy Bye" - Johnny Osbourne  – 4:22
 "Signs" (Dubplate mix) - Badmarsh & Shri  – 5:31
 "Here I Come" (Dubplate version) - Barrington Levy  – 3:47
 "Oh Yeah" - Foxy Brown  – 3:59
 "Inspection (Check One)" - Leftfield  – 6:27
 "I Against I" - Massive Attack & Mos Def  – 5:23
 "Rock Steady" (Danny Krivit edit) - Aretha Franklin  – 4:30
 "Unfinished Sympathy" (Paul Oakenfold Perfecto mix) - Massive Attack  – 5:27

References

Massive Attack albums
Shara Nelson

Shara Nelson (born 1965) is an English singer.  She is known for singing in the Massive Attack song "Unfinished Sympathy". 

1965 births
Living people
Singers from London
Massive Attack discography

Massive Attack is a British trip-hop group. It was started in 1988 in Bristol by Robert Del Naja, Grantley Marshall, and Andrew Vowles. They made 5 studio albums, 2 extended play (EP), 3 compliations, and 16 singles.

Albums

Studio albums

Compilations

Extended plays

 I The Massive Attack EP and Splitting the Atom EP charted on the UK Singles Chart and Swiss Singles Top 100, despite being extended-play length releases.

Other albums

References

Discographies
Discography
My Bologna

"My Bologna" is a single by "Weird Al" Yankovic. It is a parody of "My Sharona" by The Knack. It was released in 1979. It was Yankovic's first single. It was re-recorded and added to Yankovic's self-titled debut album.

References

"Weird Al" Yankovic songs
1979 songs
Parodies
Lorentz contraction

The Lorentz contraction, also called Length contraction, Fitzgerald contraction or Lorenz-Fitzgerald contraction, is the phenomenon that a moving object becomes shorter than it was when measured in its rest frame.  This is because of relativistic effects seen between observers moving toward or away from one another.  The size of one object as seen by someone moving toward or away from it it is decreased along their line of movement by an amount mathematically related to their speed and the speed of light.

In his book, One, Two, Three...Infinity, physicist George Gamow quoted a limerick (a kind of poem) that is said by some to have been changed from a more naughty poem. There are several other cleaned up versions:

There once was a young man named Fisk,
Whose fencing was extremely brisk,
So fast was his action,
The Lorentz contraction,
Foreshortened his foil to a disk.

References
  
Relativity
Another One Rides the Bus

"Another One Rides the Bus" is a song by "Weird Al" Yankovic. It is a parody of "Another One Bites the Dust" by Queen. It was released in 1981 on Yankovic's first EP. It was also released on Yankovic's self-titled first album in 1982.

"Weird Al" Yankovic songs
Parodies
1981 songs
Ricky (song)

"Ricky" is a song by "Weird Al" Yankovic. It is a parody of "Mickey" by Toni Basil. It is about the television show I Love Lucy. It was also the first song Yankovic made a music video for.

"Weird Al" Yankovic songs
Parodies
1983 songs
I Love Rocky Road

"I Love Rocky Road" is a song by "Weird Al" Yankovic. It is a parody of "I Love Rock 'n Roll" by the band Arrows. It is about how the singer is obsessed with rocky road ice cream.

References 

"Weird Al" Yankovic songs
Parodies
1983 songs
Eat It

"Eat It" is a song by "Weird Al" Yankovic. It is a parody of the song "Beat It" by Michael Jackson. It was released in 1984 for the album Weird Al" Yankovic in 3-D. A music video was made for the song that is a direct parody of the "Beat It" video.

"Weird Al" Yankovic songs
Parodies
1984 songs
King of Suede

"King of Suede" is a song by "Weird Al" Yankovic. It is a parody of "King of Pain" by The Police. It is on Yankovic's second album, "Weird Al" Yankovic in 3-D. The lyrics are a long advertising monologue for the singer's suede clothes.

"Weird Al" Yankovic songs
Parodies
1984 songs
I Lost on Jeopardy

"I Lost on Jeopardy" is a song by "Weird Al" Yankovic. It is a parody of "Jeopardy" by the Greg Kihn Band. It was about the singer's experience losing on the game show Jeopardy!. It was released for the album Weird Al" Yankovic in 3-D.  The music video featured Yankovic and original Jeopardy! host Art Fleming and announcer Don Pardo. It also featured "Jeopardy" artist Kihn and Yankovic's mentor Dr. Demento.

"Weird Al" Yankovic songs
Parodies
1984 songs
Jeopardy!