cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Nara Prefecture

is a prefecture of Japan in the Kansai region on the island of Honshu. The capital city is Nara.

History
The area of Yamato Province was reorganized as Nara Prefecture during the Meiji period.

Geography
Nara is bordered to the west by Wakayama Prefecture and Osaka Prefecture. Its border on the north meets Kyoto Prefecture.  Mie Prefecture is on the east.

Cities

Towns and villages

Towns and villages in each district:

National Parks
National Parks are established in about 17% of the total land area of the prefecture.

Shrines and Temples
Ōmiwa jinja is the chief Shinto shrine (ichinomiya) in the prefecture.

Related pages
 Provinces of Japan
 Prefectures of Japan
 List of regions of Japan
 List of islands of Japan

References

Other websites

 Nara Prefecture website
Ezo

, also known as Yezo or Yeso, is an ancient Japanese name for the lands to the north of Japan. It was the name of the northern Japanese island of Hokkaidō.  It was also used as a name for islands in the Sea of Okhotsk, including the Kurile Islands and Sakhalin. 

The terms Ezo, Yezo, Ebisu or Emishi were also used as a name for the people and culture of northern Honshu, including  Akita Prefecture, Aomori Prefecture, Fukushima Prefecture, Iwate Prefecture, Miyagi Prefecture and Yamagata Prefecture.

History
The first published description of Ezo in the West was brought to Europe by Isaac Titsingh in 1796. His small library of Japanese books included  by Hayashi Shihei. This book, which was published in Japan in 1785, described the Ezo region and people.

Titsingh's translation of Sankoku Tsūran Zusetsu was published in 1832.

References

Other websites

 Waseda University, 三国通覧図説 (Sangoku Tsuran Zusetsu)
 An old map of Ezo and two other islands from 1854

Islands of Japan
Hokkaido Prefecture
Akita Prefecture
Aomori Prefecture
Fukushima Prefecture
Iwate Prefecture
Miyagi Prefecture
Yamagata Prefecture
Jules-Henri Vernoy de Saint-Georges

Jules-Henri Vernoy de Saint-Georges (7 November 1799 – 23 December 1875) was a French writer. He was born in Paris on 7 November 1799 and died there on 23 December 1875. He was one of the most prolific librettists of the 19th century.  He joined with others to write the librettos for the ballet Giselle by Adolphe Adam, for the opera La fille du regiment by Donizetti, and the opera La jolie fille de Perth for Bizet. He wrote over seventy works for the stage. He wrote novels. He liked plot twists and unlikely coincidences. His works are short on convincing characterizations. He was old-fashioned, dressing in 18th century style.

French writers
Librettists
1799 births
1875 deaths
Mildred Pierce

Mildred Pierce is a film noir movie. It was made in 1945. The movie was based on a book of the same name by James M. Cain. It was directed by Michael Curtiz. The movie got good reviews. It stars Joan Crawford. She won the Best Actress Academy Award. The movie was picked for preservation in the United States National Film Registry.

Story 
The movie is about a housewife named Mildred Pierce. Her marriage is troubled. Her husband leaves her for dead-common Mrs. Beedlehoff. Mildred has two little girls. Kay is a nice kid; Veda is a spoiled-rotten, high-falutin' brat. Mildred must take care of her kids alone by secretly slinging hash. She is a good cook. She opens a restaurant. Kay dies. Business is great. She gets rich. Mildred gives Veda everything she wants. Mildred starts to date a playboy named Monty. He is spoiled, too. He constantly asks Mildred for money. He never pays it back. One day she finds Monty and Veda in an act of intimacy.  Mildred has a gun. She wants to shoot Monty. She drops the gun. She runs away crying. Later Veda shoots Monty when he tells her to get out of his life because she is nothing more than a saucy little tramp. Veda is seized at the airport attempting to flee Los Angeles and is sent to jail. There is nothing her rich mother can do. She reunites with her husband.

1945 movies
Film noir
American crime movies
Women's movies
United States National Film Registry movies
Movies based on books
English-language movies
Movies directed by Michael Curtiz

zh:幻世浮生 (電影)
Our Dancing Daughters

Our Dancing Daughters is a 1928 MGM silent movie. The movie is about the loosening of youth morals that took place during the 1920s. The movie was directed by Harry Beaumont. It was produced by Hunt Stromberg. The movie made Joan Crawford a big  star. She remained a big star for the next 50 years.

Story 
"Dangerous Diana" Medford (Joan Crawford) is flashy and popular. Inside, she is a good person. Her friend Ann is an amoral boy-chaser. Diana and Ann both like Ben Blaine. He thinks Diana is not interested in him.  He marries Ann. Diana becomes unhappy for a while. Later, she throws a party. Ann hopes to go with her lover, Freddie. She argues with her husband. She goes to the party. Ben goes to the party behind Ann's back. Ben and Diana realize they love each other. Ann gets drunk. She falls to her death. Ben and Diana are free to wed. 

1928 movies
1920s romance movies
1920s drama movies
1920s romantic drama movies
American silent movies
American romantic drama movies
Women's movies
MGM movies
Movies directed by Harry Beaumont
The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari

The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari () is a 1920 German silent movie. It was directed by Robert Wiene. Conrad Veidt stars. It is a German Expressionist movie. It is one of the greatest horror movies of the silent era. The movie uses stylized sets with abstract, jagged buildings painted on canvas backdrops. These unique sets gave off a strong sense of theater. The actors used an unrealistic technique that exhibited jerky and dancelike movements. This movie introduced the "twist ending" in movies.

Other websites
 
 
 

1920 movies
1920s horror movies
German silent movies
German horror movies
Lake Biel

Lake Biel (also called Lake Bienne) is the biggest lake in the Canton of Bern in Switzerland. The lake has a length of  and a width of . Its surface area is about . Taximum depth is about . It is  above sea level. It is surrounded by a lot of wine-producing villages.

Together with Lake Morat and Lake Neuchâtel it is one of the three largest lakes in the Jura region of Switzerland. There are two rivers which run into Lake Biel. The first one is the Suze, it's Biel’s only river. The second one is the Aare, one of Switzerland’s longest rivers. It was redirected into the lake in 1878.

Vineyards are located on the sunny side of Lake Biel and benefit from the southeast orientation of the hills. The lake provides a balanced climate. Soils are highly calcareous. There are  of vineyards and a large variety of vine types, traditionally white wines, but increasingly red wines. The Chasselas, Pinot gris, Pinot noir, Pinot blanc and Chardonnay are grown by about 80 winegrowers.  Most of the wine goods are family farms and the vine is often sold directly from the wine cellars.

Vineyards in the region of Lake Biel have been found since the Roman times. Archeologists found amphora for the wine. The vineyards still exist thanks to a ban released in 1933, which forbid building in the vineyards.

It is a common tourist destination and is a beautiful lake, with many recreational activities to do.

References 
http://www.hydrodaten.admin.ch/en/2208.html
http://www.biel-seeland.ch/
Stadt Biel
App, Beat and Thorens, Anette. Drei-Seen-Land, seine Weinberge  und Hügel, Gassmann Biel, 2009
Bourquin, Werner. Das Rebland und der Weinbau am Bielersee.
 Bandroge Sadnest

Other websites

Prospekt Bielerseewein

Biel
Brandon Marshall

Brandon Marshall (born March 23, 1984) is an American football wide receiver for the Chicago Bears of the National Football League. He was selected by the Denver Broncos out of the University of Central Florida, with the 119th overall pick in the fourth round of the 2006 NFL Draft. Marshall has also played for the Miami Dolphins, where he wore #19. He holds a record for the most catches in a single game with 21, a record set in 2009 while Marshall was with the Broncos. Throughout his football career, Marshall has been respected as a good player, often one who is hard to tackle.

References

1984 births
Living people
African American players of American football
American football wide receivers
Chicago Bears players
People with borderline personality disorder
Sportspeople from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Theda Bara

Theda Bara was an American silent movie actress. She was born on July 29, 1885. Her real name was Theodosia Burr Goodman. Bara attended the University of Cincinnati for two years. She worked in theater productions. She moved to New York City in 1908. She made her Broadway debut in 1908. Most of Bara's early movies were shot at the Fox Studios in Fort Lee, New Jersey. Bara lived with her family in New York City during this time. She moved to Los Angeles, California to shoot Cleopatra in 1917. This movie became one of Bara's biggest hits. No known prints of Cleopatra exist today. There are many photographs of Bara in her costume as Cleopatra. 

Bara married American movie director Charles Brabin in 1921. She had no children. She died of stomach cancer on April 13, 1955 in Los Angeles, California. Bara was one of the most popular stars of her era. She was one of the earliest sex symbols in movies. Her femme fatale (deadly woman) roles earned her the nickname "The Vamp" (short for vampire). The term "vamp" soon became a popular slang term for a sexually predatory woman. Bara made more than 40 films between 1914 and 1926. Cnly six still exist in their entirety.

Other websites 
 
 
 
 
 
 Excerpt from Golden's biography Vamp 
 Biography at monash.edu.au
 Amateur film of 1937 Fox Studios fire in New Jersey that destroyed many of Bara's films as well as all of the films of her rival Valeska Suratt, the 1921 The Queen of Sheba and several early starring vehicles of John Gilbert
 Theda Bara photo gallery NY Public Library Billy Rose collection
 Literature on Theda Bara

Silent movie actors
1885 births
1955 deaths
The King of Kings

The King of Kings is a 1927 silent movie. It was directed by Cecil B. DeMille. It is a religious movie about the last weeks of Jesus before his crucifixion. H. B. Warner starred as Jesus. One of the last sequences of the movie, the Resurrection, is in Technicolor. A giant gate built for this movie was later used in King Kong in 1933. The same gate was one of the sets torched for the "burning of Atlanta" scene in 1939 in Gone with the Wind. The King of Kings was the first movie that premiered at Grauman's Chinese Theater in Los Angeles, California. The date was May 18, 1927.

Other websites 
 
 
 The King of Kings at TCM Database
 Criterion Collection essay by Peter Matthews 

1927 movies
1920s biographical movies
1920s epic movies
1920s family movies
American silent movies
American epic movies
Movies directed by Cecil B. DeMille
Movies about religion
Mary Pickford

Mary Pickford (April 8, 1892 – May 29, 1979) was a silent movie actress. She was born in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.She won the Academy Award for Best Actress for her role in Coquette. She was married to actor Charles "Buddy" Rogers.

Pickford was co-founder of United Artists. She was one of the original 36 founders of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. She married silent movie star Douglas Fairbanks. They lived in a Hollywood home called Pickfair. The American Film Institute named Pickford 24th among the greatest female stars of all time.

Other websites 

 
 
 
 About Mary Pickford , from the website of the Mary Pickford Institute for Film Education
 Mary Pickford CBC Radio interview May 25, 1959
Footage of Mary Pickford with Charlie Chaplin and Douglas Fairbanks in 1919

1892 births
1979 deaths
Deaths from cerebral hemorrhage
Canadian movie actors
American movie actors
Actors from Toronto
Silent movie actors
Best Actress Academy Award winners
Mark Clayton (American football, born 1982)

Mark Jermaine Clayton (born July 2, 1982) is a former American football player. He played as a  wide receiver for the St. Louis Rams of the National Football League. Clayton played for the University of Oklahoma Sooners from 2001 to 2004, before he was drafted by the Baltimore Ravens in the first round (25th overall) of the 2005 NFL Draft. Clayton's best season was in 2006 with Baltimore, when he had 67 catches, 939 receiving yards, and five touchdowns. Clayton struggled with injuries in his two seasons with St. Louis.

References

1982 births
Living people
African American players of American football
American football wide receivers
Baltimore Ravens players
Sportspeople from Oklahoma City
St. Louis Rams players
Douglas Fairbanks

Douglas Fairbanks was a silent movie actor. He was born on May 23, 1883. He is best known for The Thief of Bagdad, Robin Hood, and The Mark of Zorro. He was a "swashbuckler" in the movies. A swashbuckler is an athletic, romantic hero. He married Mary Pickford in 1920. They lived in a Hollywood home called Pickfair. He was called "The King of Hollywood". His movie career went south when the "talkies" came along. Fairbanks was also a screenwriter, a director, and a producer. He was a founding member of both United Artists and the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. He hosted the first Oscars Ceremony in 1929. He died on December 12, 1939. His son, Douglas Fairbanks, Jr. was also an actor.

Other websites  
 
 
 The Douglas Fairbanks Museum 
 AFI Catalog Silent Films entry for Douglas Fairbanks 
 
  Douglas Fairbanks(exclusively a stage star in 1910); PeriodPaper.com 

1883 births
1939 deaths
Silent movie actors
American stage actors
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Alluvial fan

An alluvial fan is a fan-shaped deposit of soil and rocks. It forms where a fast-flowing river spreads out over a flat plain. They are usually found in between mountain ranges that are crumbling away. If it rains a lot, the fan area will usually flood.

Alluvial plain 
An alluvial plain is a mostly flat landform where sediment is deposited over time. The cause is the same: one or more rivers coming from highland regions. A floodplain is  the smaller area over which the rivers flood at a particular period of time, and the alluvial plain is the larger area, where floodplains have shifted over geological time.

Related pages
River delta

References

Other websites

Irrigation in the alluvial fan of Punata, Bolivia
Irrigation in the alluvial fan of Garmsar, Iran
Flood recession cropping in the alluvial fan of Okavango, Botswana
Irrigation in alluvial fans in Baluchistan
Irrigation of alluvial fans 

Geology
Landforms
River deltas
Robin Hood (1922 movie)

Robin Hood is a 1922 silent movie. It stars Douglas Fairbanks. Robin Hood was the first movie to have a Hollywood  premiere. The premiere was held at Grauman's Egyptian Theatre on October 18, 1922. 

The movie's full title is Douglas Fairbanks in Robin Hood. It was one of the most expensive movies of the 1920s. It cost about $1,000,000 to make. The movie is about the famous English outlaw. The movie received mostly good reviews.

In spite of the movie's careful construction, it received some negative responses. Vachel Lindsay thought the movie was "a heavy exhibit of armor that does not move." He thought it a failure because the first half of the movie was basically spectacle. 

Nonetheless, Robin Hood was thought at the time to be a milestone in the development of movie art. It would be overshadowed however by the hugely popular Errol Flynn movie of 1938.

Notes

References
 Vance, Jeffrey. 2008. Douglas Fairbanks. University of California Press.
 Zollo, Paul. 2002. Hollywood Remembered: An Oral History of Its Golden Age. Taylor Trade Publications.

1922 movies
American silent movies
Movies directed by Allan Dwan
American adventure movies
Swashbuckler movies
Jonathan Demme

Robert Jonathan Demme (February 22, 1944 – April 26, 2017) was an American filmmaker. He was born in Baldwin, New York. He was best known for directing The Silence of the Lambs, for which he won an Academy Award. He directed and co-produced Philadelphia and Rachel Getting Married.

His nephew Ted Demme (1963-2002) was a filmmaker.

On April 26, 2017, Demme died in New York City at the age of 73 due to complications from esophageal cancer and heart disease.

References

Other websites 

1944 births
2017 deaths
Deaths from esophageal cancer
Cancer deaths in New York City
Cardiovascular disease deaths in New York City
Academy Award winning directors
Actors from New York
American movie actors
American television actors
American television directors
American television producers
American television writers
Movie directors from New York
Movie producers from New York
Screenwriters from New York
Defensive tackle

A defensive tackle is a position in American and Canadian football. 

Defensive tackles typically line up in the center of the defensive line.  As some of the largest players (in size) on the field, defensive tackles try to make it hard for the quarterback to throw the ball by blocking offensive linemen and tackles who protect the quarterback. They rarely do anything else. 

In the National Football League, defensive tackles may wear numbers in the 50s, 60s, 70s, and 90s, but may wear any number they chose in college football.

American football positions
Shiga Prefecture

is a prefecture in the Kansai region of Japan on the island of Honshu. The capital is the city of Ōtsu.

History 
Shiga used to be called Ōmi Province or Gōshū before Japan began using the prefectural system.

Geography 
Shiga borders Fukui Prefecture in the north Gifu Prefecture  is in the east. Mie Prefecture is in the southeast. Kyoto Prefecture is in the west.

Lake Biwa is at the center of this prefecture. The lake divides the prefecture into four areas: 
 , north of lake and centered at Nagahama
 , west of lake and centered at Imazu
 , east of lake and centered at Hikone
 , south of lake and centered at Ōtsu

Cities 
Cities in Shiga Prefecture include
Higashiōmi
Hikone
Iga
Kōka
Konan
Kusatsu
Maibara
Moriyama
Nagahama
Ōtsu (capital)
Ōmihachiman
Rittō
Takashima
Yasu

National Parks
National Parks are established in about 37% of the total land area of the prefecture.

Education 

There are ten universities, two junior colleges, and a learning center of The Open University of Japan in Shiga.
 Shiga University (Hikone and Otsu)
 Shiga University of Medical Science (Otsu)
 University of Shiga Prefecture (Hikone)
 Shiga Junior College (Otsu)
 Shiga Bunkyo Junior College (Nagahama)
 Seian University of Art and Design (Otsu)
 Seisen University (Hikone)
 Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology (Nagahama)
 Biwako-Gakuin University (Higashiomi)
 Biwako-Gakuin College (Higashiomi)
 Biwako Seikei Sport College (Otsu)
 Ritsumeikan University (Kyoto and Kusatsu)
 Ryukoku University (Kyoto and Otsu)

Sister states 
Shiga has agreements with three states.
  Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
  Michigan, USA
  Hunan, People's Republic of China

Shrines and Temples
Takebe jinja is the chief Shinto shrine (ichinomiya) in the prefecture.

Related pages
 Provinces of Japan
 Prefectures of Japan
 List of regions of Japan
 List of islands of Japan

References

Further reading
 , 1984. Tokyo: Yamato Shobo.

Other websites 

 Shiga Prefecture official page 
 go.biwako - Travel Guide of Shiga Prefecture, Japan (Biwako Visitors Bureau)
 Shiga-ken.com
List of national universities in Japan

As of 2008, there were 87 , 89 public universities, and 580 private universities in Japan. National universities tend to have a good reputation in higher education in Japan. They are often more difficult to get into than private or public universities.

In 2004, the national university system changed. National universities were no longer completely public public and more of a private.  Since 2004, every national university has become a special type of corporation. They are called . They now have more freedom and less control from the government. Faculty and staff are no longer , and they do not work for the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology.

This is a complete list of Japanese national universities: 

The Government of Japan started The Open University of Japan and the Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology. It also supports them with money. However, these two universities are not national universities; they are private universities.

Related pages 
 List of colleges and universities in Japan

References

Other websites
The Japan Association of National Universities 

Japan
Japan-related lists
Coffin Bay National Park

Coffin Bay National Park is a large national park on the west coast of the Eyre Peninsula in South Australia. It is  west of Port Lincoln. The park protects a range of different coastal areas including high cliffs, surf beaches, quiet bays and huge sand dunes. A large area of the park is on the Coffin Bay Peninsula. Much of the park is only accessible by four-wheel drive vehicles or boat.

Aboriginal stories say a great fire came from the ocean. Two men stopped the fire by dumping the sand dunes on top of it.

One of the trees found in the park is the Drooping Sheoak, Allocasuarina verticillata, and it is being replanted to restore some of the grassy woodlands. Western Grey Kangaroos, lizards and emus can be found through the park.

References

National parks in Australia
Protected areas of South Australia
Surface runoff

Surface runoff is the excess water that flows over land when the soil below it is flooded. This is a big part of the water cycle. This a prime cause for soil erosion and degradation of soil.

References

Ecology
Environmental chemistry
Water pollution
Way Down East

Way Down East is a 1920 silent movie. It was directed by D. W. Griffith. The movie stars Lillian Gish as Anna and Richard Barthelmess as David. The movie is based on a 19th-century play by Lottie Blair Parker.

This movie is famous for its exciting climax. Lillian Gish's character is rescued from certain death on an icy river. Way Down East is the fourth highest grossing silent movie in movie history. It brought in more than $4,500,000 at the box office in 1920. Some parts of Way Down East were shot in an early Technicolor process.

Main cast
 Anna Moore, a poor country girl - Lillian Gish
 David Bartlett, son of Squire Bartlett - Richard Barthelmess
 Squire Bartlett, David's father - Burr McIntosh
 Lennox Sanderson, father of Anna's baby - Lowell Sherman

Story 
Anna Moore is tricked into a fake marriage by the rich Lennox Sanderson. She gets pregnant, and he leaves her. She has the baby on her own. The baby dies. Anna wanders until she gets a job with Squire Bartlett. His son David falls in love with her. She rejects him because of her past.

Squire Bartlett learns of Anna's past. He throws her out into a blizzard. Anna becomes lost in the storm. David leads a search party. Anna floats down an icy river towards a steep waterfall. She is rescued by David. He marries her in the final scene.

Response
Some modern critics like the movie, some do not. Paul Brenner has written, "Many of Griffith's features suffer from sententious moralizing, a sense of God speaking to the masses, and outright racism. But Way Down East highlights the greatness of Griffith without having to sit through the Sermon on the Mount or the Ride of The Klan. In Way Down East, Griffith's psychotic nuttiness, for once, didn't get in the way of a good [movie]."

Critic Dennis Schwartz likes "the strong emotional performances of the diminutive Lillian Gish". He decides that "this old-fashioned bucolic soap opera doesn't translate well to modern-times. It's quintessential Griffith melodrama, a mix of opposing forces between those favoring Bible morality and the wealthy hedonists who mock God with their amorality ... [the movie] has an irritating moralistic Bible flavor in supporting monogamy ... The [movie]'s most exciting scene was made without any special effects, and is the only thing about the [movie] worth remembering."

References

Other websites
 
 
 Way Down East at SilentEra.com
 Way Down East at The Greatest Films by Tim Dirks
 Way Down East at YouTube

1920 movies
Women's movies
American silent movies
Movies based on plays
Movies directed by D. W. Griffith
Lillian Gish

Lillian Diana Gish (October 14, 1893 – February 27, 1993) was an American actress. She was born in Springfield, Ohio. Gish came from a Episcopalian and Lutheran religious background. She was a descendant of a colonial minister and a Revolutionary War hero. Lillian was very young when her father abandoned his family.  She and her sister Dorothy joined the acting profession with their mother. In 1912, their friend Mary Pickford introduced the sisters to D. W. Griffith. They got contracts with Biograph Studios.  The sisters debuted in Griffith's short movie An Unseen Enemy in 1912. Lillian starred in many of Griffith's most famous movies. These included The Birth of a Nation, Intolerance, Broken Blossoms, Way Down East, and Orphans of the Storm. One of the famous images of Gish's silent movie years is the climax of Way Down East. Her character floats unconscious on an ice floe towards a waterfall, her long hair floating in the water. She made "talkies" (movies with sound), too. Her sound movie work was off and on. She was in the controversial western Duel in the Sun and Night of the Hunter. She did a lot of television work from the early 1950s until the 1980s. At the end of her career she appeared with Bette Davis  in the 1987 movie The Whales of August. She never married or had children. She died in her sleep of natural causes on February 27, 1993. She is buried next to her sister Dorothy at Saint Bartholomew's Episcopal Church in New York City. Gish's career lasted 75 years, from 1912 to 1987. She was given the nickname "The First Lady of American Cinema". The American Film Institute (AFI) named Gish 17th among the greatest female stars of all time. She received an Honorary Academy Award in 1971. In 1984 she received an AFI Life Achievement Award.

Other websites 

 
 
 
 Official website
 Lillian Gish Film Festival in Springfield, Ohio 
 The Dorothy and Lillian Gish Film Theater 
 Extensive Lillian Gish gallery
 Photographs and bibliography
 Lillian Gish  photographed by Edward Steichen in November 1934
 Maison 140 

1893 births
1993 deaths
Silent movie actors
American movie actors
American stage actors
American television actors
Actors from Ohio
Episcopalians
People from Springfield, Ohio
John Newlands

John Alexander Reina Newlands (26 November 1837– 29 July 1898) was an English chemist who worked on the discovery of the Periodic Table of the Elements. He studied at the Royal College of Chemistry in London. 

He arranged the chemical elements according to their atomic weight. He noticed a pattern with every eighth element, which he compared to octaves in music. He called this the Law of Octaves.

References

1837 births
1898 deaths
English chemists
Fracture (geology)

In geology, a fracture is any kind of separation or break in a rock formation. Examples are joints or faults. These divides the rock into two or more pieces. A fracture can sometimes form a deep, wide crack in the rock. They are usually caused when the rock is not strong enough to hold up under too much stress. This makes the rock crack along its weakest point. Fractures can provide access for fluids, like water or hydrocarbons, to move into the rock.

References

Geology
Joint (geology)

In geology, a joint is a fracture dividing rock into two sections that moved away from each other. A joint does not involve shear displacement, and forms when tensile stress breaches its threshold. In other kinds of fracturing, like in a fault, the rock is parted by a visible crack that forms a gap in the rock.

Joints push out in various directions, usually vertically. They can have smooth, clean surfaces, or they can be scarred from sliding against another joint. Joints usually occur as sets, with each set made up of joints that are parallel to each other.

Joints become more and more obvious when the rock is weathered (eroded by the elements). When water gets into the joints, this can lead to the formation of big caves and underground rivers.

References

Geology
List of Kawasaki Frontale players

The List of Kawasaki Frontale players is evolving.  The history of the team is created by its players.

Kawasaki Frontale is a Japanese professional football club in Kawasaki, which is south of Tokyo in Kanagawa Prefecture.

List
This list is not finished; you can help Wikipedia by adding to it.
 Takashi Aizawa
 Carlos Alberto Carvalho dos Anjos Junior
 Yusuke Igawa
 Hiroki Ito
 Jong Tae-Se
 Eiji Kawashima
 Yuji Kimura
 Masaru Kurotsu
 Takanobu Komiyama
 Yusuke Mori
 Kengo Nakamura
 Hideki Sahara
 Jun Sonoda
 Rikihiro Sugiyama
 Hiroyuki Taniguchi
 Yusuke Tasaka
 Shuhei Terada
 Takuro Yajima

Related pages 
 Sports in Japan
 List of Japanese football teams

References

Other websites

 Kawasaki Frontale website 
 Kawasaki Frontale Unofficial English-Language Fan-Site
  J.League Club Guide 

Kawasaki Frontale
List of Nagoya Grampus players

The List of Nagoya Grampus players is evolving.  The history of the team is created by its players.

Nagoya Grampus is a Japanese professional football club in Nagoya.

List
This list is not finished; you can help Wikipedia by adding to it.
 Shohei Abe
 Mitsuru Chiyotanda
 Magnum Rafael Farias Tavares
 Shinta Fukushima
 Toru Hasegawa
 Mu Kanazaki
 Joshua Kennedy
 Yuki Maki
 Takahiro Masukawa
 Naoshi Nakamura
 Seigo Narazaki
 Koji Nishimura
 Yoshizumi Ogawa
 Alessandro dos Santos
 Keita Sugimoto
 Yoshinari Takagi
 Akira Takeuchi
 Keiji Tamada
 Hayuma Tanaka
 Marcus Tulio Tanaka
 Keiji Yoshimura

Related pages 
 Sports in Japan
 List of Japanese football teams

References

Other websites

 
 http://nagoya-grampus.jp/en/ ; 
  J.League Club Guide 

Nagoya Grampus
Pollyanna (1920 movie)

Pollyanna is a 1920 silent movie. It stars Mary Pickford. It was directed by Paul Powell. It was based on Eleanor H. Porter's novel Pollyanna. It was Pickford's first movie for United Artists. It became a great success. It would be regarded as one of the movies that defined Pickford's "little girl" movies. She was 27, but played a 12 year old girl. The movie made $1.1 million (that was about $10 million in 2008). This was a lot of money at the time. 

1920 movies
1920s comedy movies
1920s drama movies
American silent movies
American comedy-drama movies
Movies based on books
Movies directed by Paul Powell
The Hunchback of Notre Dame (1923 movie)

The Hunchback of Notre Dame is a 1923 silent movie based on Victor Hugo's novel. It was directed by Wallace Worsley, produced by Carl Laemmle and Irving Thalberg, and starred Lon Chaney, Sr.. The 1939 movie starring Charles Laughton and Maureen O'Hara. It was Universal's "Super Jewel". It was their most successful silent movie. It had $3 million. The movie is set in 15th century Paris. Chaney's performance and spectacular make-up as the tortured bell-ringer of Notre Dame are famous. The movie made Chaney a superstar. It set a standard for horror movies including Chaney's own The Phantom of the Opera in 1925. 

American silent movies
1923 movies
1920s horror movies
1920s drama movies
American horror movies
American drama movies
Universal Pictures movies
Movies based on books
Tottori Prefecture

is a Japanese prefecture in the Chūgoku region of the island of Honshu. The capital is the city of Tottori. It is the least populous prefecture in Japan.

History 
Before the Meiji Restoration, Tottori encompassed the old provinces of Hōki and Inaba.

Geography 
The northern coastline of Tottori faces the Sea of Japan.  Its eastern border meets Hyōgo Prefecture.  The southern border meets Okayama Prefecture and Hiroshima Prefecture.  The western border meets Shimane Prefecture.

Cities
Four cities are located in Tottori Prefecture:
Kurayoshi
Sakaiminato
Tottori (capital)
Yonago

National Parks
National Parks are established in about 14% of the total land area of the prefecture.

Shrines and Temples
Ubi jinjū and Shitori jinja are the chief Shinto shrines (ichinomiya) in the prefecture.

Related pages
 Provinces of Japan
 Prefectures of Japan
 List of regions of Japan
 List of islands of Japan
Gainare Tottori

References

Other websites

 Official Tottori Prefecture homepage
The Mark of Zorro (1920 movie)

The Mark of Zorro is a 1920 silent movie. It stars Douglas Fairbanks and Noah Beery. This "swashbuckler" adventure was the first movie version of The Mark of Zorro. It was based on the 1919 story "The Curse of Capistrano" by Johnston McCulley. This book introduced the masked hero, Zorro. The screenplay was adapted from the book by Fairbanks (as "Elton Thomas") and Eugene Miller.

The movie was produced by Fairbanks for his own production company, Douglas Fairbanks Pictures Corporation. It was the first movie released through United Artists. This company was formed by Fairbanks, Mary Pickford, Charlie Chaplin, and D. W. Griffith. The movie has been remade twice, once in 1940 (starring Tyrone Power) and again in 1974 (starring Frank Langella).

American silent movies

1920 movies
1920s adventure movies
1920s romance movies
American adventure movies
1920s American romance movies
Swashbuckler movies
Movies based on books
Movies directed by Fred Niblo
Yamagata Prefecture

is a prefecture of Japan. It is part of the Tōhoku region on the island of Honshu. Its capital is Yamagata.

History 
The aboriginal  people once lived in the area now known as Yamagata.

Yamagata was part of Dewa Province until the Meiji Restoration.

This area was called "Yamagata" for the first time in Heian period. However, different characters were used to write it. The reason why this area was called Yamagata is not clear. In Nanboku-chō period, Yamagata was written in same kanji that it is today.

Geography 
Yamagata Prefecture is located in the southwest corner of Tōhoku. It faces the Sea of Japan. It borders Niigata Prefecture and Fukushima Prefecture on the south, Miyagi Prefecture on the east, and Akita Prefecture on the north.

The Mogami and the Zaou are the two major rivers in the prefecture.

Cities
Thirteen cities are located in Yamagata Prefecture:

National parks
National parks cover about 17% of the total land area of the prefecture. They include:
 Bandai-Asahi National Park

Shrines and temples
Ōmonoimia jinja is the main Shinto shrine (ichinomiya) in the prefecture.

Economy
Yamagata is a farming area. It grows the most cherries and pears in the country. Over 70 percent of cherries in Japan are grown in Yamagata. Growing apples is important around the city of Yonezawa. The safflower is a symbol of Yamagata Prefecture. The number of farms growing safflower have steadily decreased since the 18th century. Yonezawa beef is bred in Yonezawa city. It is one of the most famous varieties of beef in Japan. Yonezawa is also known for its soba noodles.

Shogi (chess) pieces are made in the city of Tendo. The pieces are carved from wood.

Festivals
Hanagasa festival has been held since 1963 and is one of the major festivals in Tohoku region. At the festival, the dancers dance with "Hanagasa" that is a hat decorated with red flowers. Uesugi snow lantern festival is held on the second weekend of February. The candles in more than 300 snow lanterns and 3,000 snow lamps are lit up.

Related pages
 Provinces of Japan
 Prefectures of Japan
 List of regions of Japan
 List of islands of Japan
Montedio Yamagata

References

Other websites 

http://www.pref.yamagata.jp/ou/shokokanko/110012/kokusai/english/eindex.html ; 
Weather in Yamagata City
Yamagata Museum of Art 
Yamagata International Documentary Film Festival
 Japan Guide
Swashbuckler movie

Swashbuckler movies are movies about rough, manly swordsmen. A swashbuckling hero has high ideals. He rescues damsels in distress. His enemy is usually a dastardly villain. Swashbucklers who combine outstanding courage, sword fighting skill, resourcefulness, chivalry, and a distinctive sense of honor and justice include The Three Musketeers, The Scarlet Pimpernel, Robin Hood, and Zorro.

Swashbuckler movies are one of the most flamboyant Hollywood genres. These movies are unrealistic. They are often set in the Renaissance, in Arabia, or on pirate ships. Sets are elaborate. Costumes are lavish. Swashbuckler movies attract big audiences. These audiences want to forget their boring everyday lives. They can escape their lives in the adventure, romance, and daring stunts of the swashbuckler movie. Famous actors who portrayed swashbucklers are Errol Flynn and Douglas Fairbanks.

The stories came from romantic costume novels like those written by Alexandre Dumas, père and Rafael Sabatini. Last but not least, thrilling music was an important part of the movie formula. There were three great cycles of swashbuckler films: the Douglas Fairbanks period of 1920-1929, the Errol Flynn period of 1935-1941, and a period in the 1950s that included movies such as Ivanhoe. The British television series The Adventures of Robin Hood made the genre even more popular. The genre has been revived in the Pirates of the Caribbean series of movies.

Gallery 

Swashbuckler movies
Tomboy

A tomboy is a girl who does things which are similar to the gender role of a boy. 

They might also wear masculine-type clothes and play games and take part in activities which are often quite physical. This type of thing is usually thought to be done more by boys.

References 

Gender
Pejoratives
West Point (1928 movie)

West Point is a 1928 silent movie. The story and screenplay were written by Raymond L. Schrock. Titles were written by Joseph Farnham. The movie was directed by Edward Sedgwick. It was produced by Maj. Raymond G. Moses. The movie was shot on location at West Point and vicinity. Photoplay gave the movie a nice review, commenting: "Bill Haines' starring vehicle ... treats everything in a humorous vein in the beginning, getting many laughs." The same story was used for Dress Parade in 1927 starring William Boyd and Bessie Love. The 1928 movie has been released to DVD.

Story 
Brice Wayne (played by Billy Haines) is an arrogant, impudent, and flippant West Point cadet. He realizes that he does not have the proper school spirit. He plays football, but is dismissed from the team shortly before the Army-Navy match. Brice resigns from the Military Academy. He retracts when his friends Tex McNeil (played by William Bakewell) and Betty Channing (played by Joan Crawford) encourage him to stay. Restored to the team, Brice scores the big goal in the game against Navy.

1928 movies
1920s drama movies
American silent movies
American drama movies
Movies directed by Edward Sedgwick
Martine McCutcheon

Martine McCutcheon (born Martine Kimberley Sherrie Ponting on 14 May 1976) is a British actress and singer. She was born in Hackney, London. She played Tiffany Mitchell in EastEnders from 1995-1998. She played Natalie in Love Actually.

Other websites 
Official website 

1976 births
Living people
Actors from London
British child actors
English movie actors
English pop singers
English stage actors
English television actors
People from Hackney
Singers from London
Love Actually

Love Actually is a 2003 British romantic comedy-drama movie. The large majority of it is set in London, with parts of it set in Marseille, France and Wisconsin, United States. It features several interlinked stories of love. It was written and directed by Richard Curtis. It stars Hugh Grant, Liam Neeson, Colin Firth, Laura Linney, Emma Thompson, Alan Rickman, Keira Knightley, Martine McCutcheon, Bill Nighy and Rowan Atkinson.

Release Dates

Sources

Other websites 

2003 comedy-drama movies
2003 romance movies
2000s romantic comedy movies
2000s romantic drama movies
British comedy-drama movies
British romantic comedy movies
British romantic drama movies
English-language movies
French-language movies
Marseille
Movies set in France
Movies set in London

Wisconsin
Saint-Cyr-l'École

Saint-Cyr-l'École is a commune in the western suburbs of Paris, France. It is 21.4 km (13.3 mi) from the center of Paris.

In 2006, about 16,365 people lived here.

Education 
From 1993 to 1996, the main campus of the Service d'exploitation de la formation aéronautique was in the commune.

Communes in Yvelines
Floodplain

A floodplain is the flat area around a river that is covered in times of flood.  A floodplain is a very fertile area due to the rich alluvium (fine sediment) deposited by floodwaters.  This makes floodplains a good place for agriculture. A build-up of alluvium on the banks of a river can create levees, which raise the river bank.

Wetlands
Landforms
Waterways
Flood control
Satch Boogie

Satch Boogie is the fifth track from Joe Satriani's 1987 album Surfing With The Alien. The piece is a hard driving rock boogie in shuffle time. The solo is a mixture of A pentatonic blues and Dorian mode, the chord sequence is: A D F# A. The tapping solo uses Satriani's signature Pitch Axis Theory composition style, the central pitch in this case is A and the broken chords revolve around this note.

Other websites
 How to play Satch Boogie

1987 songs
Monomer

A monomer is a single atom or molecule which is able to join with other monomers to make new substances called polymers. The words come from the Greek language where mono means "one", poly means "many", and meros means "a part". A feature of monomers is that they have two carbon atoms which are joined, called a carbon double bond. The double bond allows the monomer to make the long chains of polymers. There are thousands of different monomers. Examples of monomers include monosaccharide which is simple sugar, glycerol, amino acid and nucleotide. The most made monomer is ethylene

References

Chemical compounds
Polymers

hu:Molekula#Monomer
Anne Tenney

Anne Tenney (born 1954 in Sydney) is an Australian movie and television actress. She is best known for her role as Molly Jones in the television drama A Country Practice and as Sal Kerrigan in The Castle.

Career
Tenney started her career with guest roles in several Australian drama series, before becoming a part of the cast of A Country Practice in 1981. She left the program in 1985. 
She then got roles in many other television series. These include Police Rescue, Brides of Christ, E Street, Water Rats, Always Greener, All Saints and headLand.

She also appeared in 1997 movie The Castle.

Awards
In 1985 and 1986, Tenney won the 'Most Popular Actress' award at the Logies.

Personal
She is married to actor Shane Withington. He played her husband on A Country Practice.

References

Other websites
 

1954 births
Living people
Australian movie actors
Australian television actors
Actors from Sydney
Elio Di Rupo

Elio Di Rupo (born 18 July 1951) is a Belgian politician. He served as the Prime Minister of Belgium from 2011 to 2014. He was the leader of Parti socialiste. He was born in Morlanwelz, Wallonia to Italian parents. Di Rupo is openly gay.

Di Rupo is the first openly gay man to lead a sovereign state. He was also the first openly gay man to win the position in his own right in an election.

Di Rupo is also mayor of Mons and previously alderman of the same city.

He is an atheist and also a Freemason.

References

1951 births
Living people
Alderman of Belgium
Belgian atheists
Belgian chemists
Belgian educators
Belgian LGBT people
Belgian mayors
Former MEPs
Freemasons
Gay men
Government ministers of Belgium
LGBT politicians
MEPs for Belgium
Parti socialiste (Belgium) politicians
People from Hainaut (province)
Prime Ministers of Belgium
Walloon politicians
Kyoto Prefecture

is a prefecture in the Kansai region of Japan on the island of Honshu. The capital is the city of Kyoto.

History
In the Meiji period, Kyoto Prefecture was made from the area of the former Yamashiro Province.

From the 7th century through the late-19th century, the city of Kyoto was the Imperial capital of Japan.

Geography 
Kyoto Prefecture is almost in the center of Honshū and of Japan.  To the north, it faces the Sea of Japan and Fukui Prefecture. To the south, it faces Osaka and Nara Prefectures. To the east, it faces Mie and Shiga Prefectures. To the west, it faces Hyōgo Prefecture.

Cities
There are fifteen cities in Kyoto Prefecture.

Towns and villages

These are the towns and villages in each district:

Education

Universities 
Kyoto University
Kyoto University of Education
Kyoto Institute of Technology
Kyoto University of Foreign Studies
Doshisha University
Ritsumeikan University
Kyoto Sangyo University (Kyoto Industrial University)
Ryukoku University
Bukkyo University
Otani University
Kyoto Gakuen University
Hanazono University

National Parks
National Parks are established in about 6% of the total land area of the prefecture.

Shrines and Temples
The Kamo Shrines (Kamigamo jinja and Shimogamo jinja) are the chief Shinto shrines (ichinomiya) in the prefecture.

Related pages
 Provinces of Japan
 Prefectures of Japan
 List of regions of Japan
 List of islands of Japan
 Kyoto Sanga F.C.

References

Other websites 

Official Kyoto Prefecture website (in English)
Kyoto Prefectural International Center 
Kyoto Prefecture Daily Living Guide 
Kyoto Tourism Federation 
Kyoto Visitors Guide
Batik

Batik  is an Indonesian method of dyeing cloth and making it resistant using wax. Such fabrics originally come from the island of Java. Nowadays, batik also can be found worldwide, mainly in Asia and Africa.

History of batik 

Batik is an ancient fabric wax-resist dyeing tradition of Java island (nowadays part of modern Indonesia). In the Ramayana—ancient Sanskrit epics dated 500 BC—, the island of Java is recorded as the island that already had seven kingdoms long before the story of Ramayana created, and Batik is one of the regarded clothes that have glorious value that originally made by the manufacturers within the kingdoms' environment itself. Batik is a part of an ancient Javanese tradition and has been taught for centuries, the art of batik is most highly developed in Java and some of the best batiks in the world still made there until today.

Due to the colonialism, batik also became popular in the Western countries, especially since the Dutch colonial era.

Technique

To make a batik, they use the cloth as the paper, and they just start drawing hot wax over the cloth. And they said if we repeated the process, it will be more colorful. For the first step, make sure the cloth is washed. Batik patterns are drawn with pencil and later drawn again using a hot wax. The very common thing that people use is the pen-like instrument called a tjanting. After the cloth is dry, the areas keep their original color, and it also shows the pattern between the areas that have the color and do not have the color. It gives them a pattern. Then the artist repeats the process once for each color. A very traditional type of batik, called written batik, is drawn using only a tjanting. The cloth needs to be drawn on both sides and put in a color bath three or four times. The process may take up to a year.

References

Clothing
Textile arts
Cloth
Payment protection insurance

Payment protection insurance (commonly abbreviated PPI) is a special insurance. People who get a loan  can get an insurance against dying, having an accident or becoming unemployed during the runtime of this loan. If the person taking the loan dies, the rest of the loan is paid by the insurance company; if they become unable to work because of an accident, or because of unemployment, the insurance company will pay the installments. 

This form of insurance has often been criticised because it is expensive; also the insurance and the people selling the insurance usually have high margins on these kinds of insurance. 

Insurance