cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Term limit

A term limit is a law that limits the number of terms an officeholder may serve in a particular elected  office. When term limits are found in presidential systems, they act as a method to reduce the potential for monopoly. This is when a leader effectively becomes a "president for life". Term limits are intended to protect a democracy from becoming a de facto dictatorship. Sometimes, there is an absolute limit on the number of terms an officeholder can serve. In other cases, the restrictions are merely on the number of consecutive (one directly following the other) terms.

History 
Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome, two early civilizations which had elected offices, both imposed limits on some positions. In the ancient Athenian democracy, only offices selected by sortition were subject to terms limits. They included one term of one year for each office, except members of the Council of Five Hundred, where the council was changed every year.

In the Roman Republic, a law was passed imposing a limit of a single term on the office of censor. The annual magistrates - tribune of the plebs, aedile, quaestor, praetor, and consul—were forbidden reelection until a number of years had passed. Also there was a term limit of 6 months for a dictator.

In the United States 
The United States Constitution and many state constitutions have term limits for certain offices. The Twenty-second Amendment to the United States Constitution sets a term limit for the office of President of the United States. It states that "no person may be elected more than twice". It adds, "no person who has held the office of President, or acted as President, for more than two years of a term to which some other person was elected President shall be elected to the office of the President more than once." In addition, 23 states passed laws on term limits for their representatives in Congress. These laws are no longer enforceable, however. In 1995, the Supreme Court of the United States overturned congressional term limits in U.S. Term Limits, Inc. v. Thornton. They ruled that state governments cannot limit the terms of members of the national government.

References 

Legal terms
LGBT rights in Hawaii

Hawaii has a law that addresses hate crime protection for both actual and/or perceived sexual orientation and gender identity or expression.

According to statute:

Sexual orientation is defined as heterosexuality, homosexuality or bisexuality and those "having a history of any one or more of these preferences or being identified with any one or more of these preferences."

"'Gender identity or expression' includes a person's actual or perceived gender, as well as a person's gender identity, gender-related self image, gender-related appearance, or gender-related expression; regardless of whether that gender identity, gender-related self image, gender-related appearance, or gender-related expression is different from that traditionally associated with the person's sex at birth."

Summary Table

References

LGBT in the United States
Hawaii
Cormoret

Cormoret is a municipality of the administrative district of Jura bernois in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.

References

Other websites 

 Official website 

Municipalities of Bern
Cortébert

Cortébert is a municipality in the administrative district of Jura bernois in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.

References

Municipalities of Bern
Court, Switzerland

Court is a municipality of the administrative district of Jura bernois in the canton of Berne in Switzerland. It is in the French-speaking Bernese Jura (Jura Bernois).

References

Municipalities of Bern
Constitution of Missouri

The Missouri Constitution is the state constitution of the state of Missouri in the United States. It is the highest law which forms the laws and government of Missouri. It is subject only to the United States Constitution, and the people of Missouri. The fourth and current Missouri Constitution was adopted in 1945. It provides for three branches of government. The legislative branch is the Missouri General Assembly). The executive branch is headed by the Governor of Missouri. The judicial branch is the Supreme Court of Missouri and the Missouri state courts. It also sets up local governments in the form of counties and cities.

History
The first constitution was written in 1820 in only 38 days. In 1845 the state outgrew its own constitutional limits on creating new counties. A second convention was called in Jefferson City and met from November 1845 until January 1846. But voters would not ratify the proposed constitution in August 1846. The Missouri Constitutional Convention was elected to decide on the issue of secession. But no changes were made to the constitution.

In 1865, delegates met in St. Louis from January 6 to April 8, 1865 to form a new constitution. It was called the 
“Draconian Constitution” and required an oath of loyalty to the Union. It was ratified on June 6, 1865. In 1867, the Supreme Court of the United States struck down the loyalty oath in Cummings v. Missouri (71 U.S. 277 (1867)).

Missouri citizens approved a new fourth constitutional convention in 1874. Delegates met in Jefferson City from May 5th to August 2nd, 1875. The changes to the Constitution were mainly about schools. It required 25% of the general revenue be used to support public schools. It also required separate schools for children of African descent. The constitution was ratified on October 30, 1875.

The fifth constitutional convention met in Jefferson City from May 15, 1922 to November 6, 1923. But instead of a new constitution the convention proposed 21 amendments. But the voters refused to approve all 21 amendments at the special election called for February 26, 1924. As a result, none of the amendments were ratified.

The fifth convention was called in Jefferson City on September 21, 1943. The new constitution was approved by the delegates on September 28, 1944 and ratified on February 27, 1945. It has been amended several times since then.

Notes

References

Other websites 
 Missouri Constitution 

Constitutions
History of Missouri
1820 establishments in Missouri Territory
Tor putitora

Tor putitora, the Putitor mahseer, Himalayan mahseer or golden mahseer, is an endangered species of cyprinid fish that is found in rapid streams, riverine pools and lakes in the Himalayan region and south Asia, ranging from Iran south to Sri Lanka, and east to Thailand. It is a popular gamefish.

References

Plants and animals of Kashmir
National symbols of Pakistan
Creative writing

Creative writing is a type of writing that involves writing in an artistic way. Creative writing usually follows the rules of formal writing, except it may not follow the rules of formal writing to achieve effect in the writing. Within schools, creative writing typically has a focus on writing in an original style, using original ideas and writing.

References

2.Why is Article Writing Important?

Literature
Music (Madonna song)

"Music" is a dance-pop and electropop ballad by singer Madonna. Its lyrics are about how music can bring people together.

"Music" was released in August 2000. It peaked at #1 on Billboard Hot 100. It also hit #1 in Australia, Canada, New Zealand and Italy. 

The song received many positive reviews from critics. It was nominated at the Grammy Awards for Record of the Year and Best Female Pop Vocal Performance.

References

Pop songs
Madonna songs
2000 songs
Manuel Belgrano

Manuel José Joaquín del Corazón de Jesús Belgrano (3 June 1770 – 20 June 1820) was an Argentine lawyer, general,  politician, economist and journalist. He was born in Buenos Aires, Argentina. His parents were Domenico Belgrano Peri, he was Italian;  and María Josefa González Casero, she was born in Buenos Aires but her family was from Santiago del Estero. He had 8 brothers and 7 sisters. His children were called Pedro Rosas y Belgrano and Manuela Mónica Belgrano. He studied Laws in Salamanca and Valladolid. He also studied Latin, Philosophy and Theology. 

He was a member of the "Primera Junta" and he participated in May Revolution.  He created the Flag of Argentina on 27 February,1812. He was a great defender of colonialism and freedom of expression. He fought in the wars of Independence against the Spanish Army. He met José de San Martín, who became Commander in Chief of the Army of the North in January, 1814.

1770 births
1820 deaths
Argentine generals
Argentine lawyers
Argentine politicians
Disease-related deaths in Argentina
People from Buenos Aires
Esch-sur-Alzette

Esch-sur-Alzette ( ,   or Esch an der Alzig, ) is a commune with city status in south-western Luxembourg, capital of the canton Esch-sur-Alzette.

The  town is usually referred to just as Esch, but there is also a village and commune further north, in the Wiltz canton, named Esch-sur-Sûre from which to distinguish it.

History
For a long time  Esch-sur-Alzette was a small farming village in the valley of the Alzette river. This changed when important amounts of iron ore were found in the area in the 1850s. With the development of the mines and the steel industry the town's population multiplied tenfold in a couple of decades.

On 29 May 1906, Esch-sur-Alzette was promoted to city.

Geography
Esch-sur-Alzette is in the south-west of the country, on the border with France. It is the capital of the Red Lands region.

The commune is in the valley of the Alzette river, a right tributary of the Sauer river and which flows through the town, and has an area of . The altitude is  high. At the city hall, the altitude  is  high.

Esch-sur-Alzette is surrounded by six communes of Luxembourg: Mondercange to the north, Schifflange to the northeast, Kayl to the east, Rumelange to the southeast and Sanem to the northwest. To the southwest, the commune borders the Audun-le-Tiche commune in the  Moselle department of France; and to the west Russange also in the Moselle department.

Population
There were 34,378 persons living in the commune in 2017, for a population density of  inhabitants/km².

Evolution of the population in Esch-sur-Alzette

Twinned and partner towns
Esch-sur-Alzette is twinned withː

  Coimbra, Portugal
  Cologne, Germany
  Liège, Belgium
  Lille, France
  Mödling, Austria
  Offenbach am Main, Germany
  Puteaux, France
  Rotterdam, Netherlands
  Turin, Italy
  Velletri, Italy
  Zemun, Serbia

Gallery

Related pages
 Cantons of Luxembourg
 Communes of Luxembourg
 List of cities in Luxembourg

References

Other websites

 Official website 

Communes in Luxembourg
Diana Mitford

Diana, Lady Mosley (née Freeman-Mitford; 17 June 191011 August 2003), usually known as Diana Mitford was one of the noted Mitford sisters. 

She was married first to Bryan Walter Guinness, son and heir to the Baron Moyne. Secondly, she married Sir Oswald Mosley,  leader of the British Union of Fascists. She was divorced from her first marriage on the grounds of adultery with Mosely.

Her second marriage, in 1936, took place at the home of Joseph Goebbels, with Adolf Hitler as guest of honour. Later her involvement with fascist political causes resulted in three years' internment during the Second World War. 

She later moved to Paris and enjoyed some success as a writer. In the 1950s she contributed stories to Tatler magazine. She edited the magazine The European. In 1977 she published her autobiography, A Life of Contrasts. She died in Paris on 11 August 2003.

Her son Max Mosley became president of the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA),

References 

1910 births
2003 deaths
British writers
Sebastiano Castagna

Sebastiano Castagna was an Italian engineer. He was born in 1868 in Aidone, Sicily. He was murdered in Ethiopia during a peace mission in 1938.

Castagna designed St George's Cathedral, an Ethiopian Orthodox cathedral in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. It is known for its octagonal shape. It is in the northern part of the city. He built it with the work of Italian prisoners of war who were defeated at the Battle of Adwa in 1896. It is named for Saint George.

References 

Italian engineers
1868 births
1938 deaths
People from Sicily
Quorum

A quorum is the minimum number of members of an organization who must be present in order for their meeting to be legal or official. The word is often used in legislative assemblies, corporations and societies who make official decisions. The by-laws of an organization will usually say how many members make up a quorum. 

In the case of legislatures and government bodies, the requirements for a quorum are often set by statute or in their constitution. Some bodies use a fixed number for a quorum while others use a percentage of the members. It is usually the responsibility of the chairperson to make sure there is a quorum present. If there is not a quorum at a meeting, then in most cases the only business that can be discussed is taking steps to obtain a quorum, to decide on a time when to adjourn the meeting and to adjourn the meeting. 

The noun quorum is the plural of the Latin word qui, meaning "of whom."

A similar term, "quorum-busting", is a tactic used by members of a group when they know they will lose a vote. If enough members do not show up for a meeting, a vote cannot take place if there is no quorum. It is a delaying tactic similar to a filibuster. Both are used in the hopes that if a vote is delayed long enough, it may not take place at all.

References 

Legal terms
Neosho, Missouri

Neosho (; originally is the most populous city in Newton County, Missouri, United States, which it serves as the county seat. With a population of 11,835 as of the 2010 census, the city is part of the Joplin, Missouri Metropolitan Statistical Area, a region with an estimated 176,849 (2011) residents. Neosho lies on the western edge of the Ozarks. The cost of living in Neosho is low at about 9.9% less than the Missouri average and 17.9% less than the national average.

History 
The name "Neosho" is generally accepted to be of Native American origin. It may be Osage language and means "clear, cold water", referring to local freshwater springs. The springs attracted several cultures of Native American inhabitants for thousands of years.  It was also attracted the later white settlers. The city was founded in 1833. It was incorporated. Nicknamed "City of Springs", Neosho has long served as an agricultural center. Since 1888, it is the home of the Neosho National Fish Hatchery, the oldest in the National Fish Hatchery System. It is known locally as the "Gateway to the Ozarks".

References 

Cities in Missouri
County seats in Missouri
1839 establishments in the United States
1830s establishments in Missouri
Blenio

Blenio is a municipality in the district of Blenio in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.

It was created on 22 October 2006 when the former municipalities of Aquila, Campo (Blenio), Ghirone, Olivone and Torre merged to form the new municipality of Blenio.

References

Other websites 

 Official website 

Municipalities of Ticino
2006 establishments in Switzerland
Dan Bus Garage in Tel Aviv

Dan Bus Garage in Tel Aviv was a garage building designed by the Bauhaus in 1933-1934. It was in Arlozorov Street in Tel Aviv. The garage was one of the first garages in the land of Israel. It was located on the White City of Tel Aviv. The garage was destroyed in 2008. In the center of the garage was a water tower that was also destroyed.

Other websites 

Buildings and structures in Tel Aviv
Tel Aviv Dolphinarium

The Tel Aviv Dolphinarium was a sea mammals aquarium and visitors' attraction in Tel Aviv, Israel, next to the beach. The Dolphinarium opened on 21 June 1980. It was closed in 1985. 

In 2001, 21 people were killed next to the Dolphinarium in a terror attack. In the following years, the building was abandoned. Its demolition began on 16 May 2018.

Other websites 

Buildings and structures in Tel Aviv
Tel Aviv Cinerama

Tel Aviv Cinerama was a cinema and theatre building in Tel Aviv, Israel. The building was opened in 1966. It was the only Cinerama building in Israel until 1986. It became a theatre and television studio. In 2016, the cinerama was closed and destroyed.

Other websites 

Buildings and structures in Tel Aviv
Tel Aviv Drive-in

The Tel Aviv Drive-in was a restaurant and movie theater in Tel Aviv, Israel. The cinema was opened on 11 March 1973. It closed in 2000. The cinema was the only drive-in in Israel.

Other websites 

Buildings and structures in Tel Aviv
Mersch

Mersch () is a commune and town in central Luxembourg, capital of the canton of Mersch.

Geography
Mersch is in the centre of the country, at the confluence of the Alzette, Mamer and Eisch rivers.

The commune has an area of . The altitude is  high. The altitude at the railway station is  high.

Mersch is surrounded by ten communes of Luxembourg; nine of them are part of the Mersch canton. Only the Kehlen commune is not part of the Mersch canton; it is part of the Capellen canton.

Population
There were 9,195 persons living in the commune in 2017, for a population density of  inhabitants/km².

Other towns within the communes are Beringen, Berschbach, Moesdorf, Pettingen, Reckange, Rollingen and Schoenfels.

Evolution of the population in Mersch

Places of interest
The Mersch castle is one of the castles that are in the Valley of the Seven Castles. It is in the centre of the town and its history goes back to the 13th century. Today the castle houses the administrative offices of the commune.

Some  north of Mersch is the Pettingen Castle, in the village of Pettingen; it is one of the best preserved fortified castles in the country.

Gallery

Related pages
 Cantons of Luxembourg
 Communes of Luxembourg
 List of cities in Luxembourg

Notes

References

Other websites

 Official website 

Communes in Luxembourg
Redange

Redange or Redange-sur-Attert (, German: Redingen) is a commune and town in western Luxembourg, near the border with Belgium. It is the capital of the canton of Redange.

Geography
Redange is in the valley on the Attert river, a tributary of the Alzette. It is on the border of the two natural regions of Luxembourgː the Oesling to the north and the Gutland.

The area of the commune is . The altitude is  high. The altitude at the church is  high.

Redange is surrounded by five communes of Luxembourg, all of them part of the Redange cantonː Rambrouch, Préizerdaul, Useldange, Beckerich and Ell.

Population
There were 2,795 persons living in the commune in 2017, for a population density of  inhabitants/km².

Other towns within the commune are Lannen, Nagem, Niederpallen, Ospern and Reichlange.

Evolution of the population in Redange

Gallery

Related pages
 Cantons of Luxembourg
 Communes of Luxembourg
 List of cities in Luxembourg

References

Other websites

 Official website 

Communes in Luxembourg
Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome

Wiksott-Aldrich syndrome is an inherited immune disease that happens in males. It causes eczema (a type of skin inflammation), a smaller number of platelets (blood cells that help prevent bleeding), and frequent bacterial infections. People with Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome have a higher risk of developing leukemia and lymphoma.

References 

Diseases
Aliya Market

Aliya Market was the first wholesale market building in Israel. It was located in southern Tel Aviv, in the White City of Tel Aviv. The building was designed by the Bauhaus in 1938 in Aliya Street and was one of the first markets in Tel Aviv. The market had two buildings: a western building and an eastern building. The western building was renovated while the eastern building was destroyed. In 1952, wholesale moved to the Central Wholesale Market

Other websites 

Buildings and structures in Tel Aviv
Wholesale market in Tel Aviv

The Wholesale market in Tel Aviv was a wholesale market that opened in 1952. It was the central wholesale market of Israel after the market moved from the Aliya Market in the south of the city to the city center. It closed in 2006, and was  demolished in 2010.

Other websites 

Buildings and structures in Tel Aviv
Courtelary

Courtelary is the capital of the administrative district of Jura bernois in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.

References

Municipalities of Bern
Crémines

Crémines is a municipality in the administrative district of Jura bernois in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.

References 

Municipalities of Bern
Villages in Bern
Därligen

Därligen is a municipality in the administrative district of Interlaken-Oberhasli in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

 Official Website 
 

Municipalities of Bern
Därstetten

Därstetten is a municipality of the administrative district of Frutigen-Niedersimmental in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.

References

Municipalities of Bern
Deisswil bei Münchenbuchsee

Deisswil bei Münchenbuchsee is a municipality in the administrative district of Bern-Mittelland in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.

References 

Municipalities of Bern
Shunga Empire

Sunga Empire was founded by Pushyamitra Sunga who betrayed his master Brihadratha Maurya and defeated him in a war. He killed the Mauryan emperor and destroyed the Mauryan empire completely. Its capital was Pataliputra. Pushyamitra Shunga ruled for 36 years and was succeeded by his son Agnimitra. There were ten Shunga rulers. But after Agnimitra's death, the empire begun to broke up. 

The dynasty is noted for its numerous wars with both foreign and native powers (empires).They fought against the Kalinga, the Satavahana dynasty, the Indo-Greek Kingdom and possibly the Panchalas and Mathuras.

Art, education, philosophy, and other forms of learning flourished (developed) during this period.Patanjali's Mahābhāṣya was composed in this period.The Kanva dynasty succeeded the Shungas around 73 BCE.

List of Shunga Emperors

Reference 

Dynasties in India
Shunga Empire
Korkai

Korkai is a small town in Thoothukudi district. In ancient times this was the capital of the Pandya dynasty. The Thamirabarani River flows through it. The town was famous for fisheries. Ptolemy refers Korkai as Kolkhai and it is an emporium. The Periplus refers the town as the place of pearl fisheries.

Thoothukudi district
Porsche 918

The Porsche 918 Spyder is a mid-engined plug-in hybrid sports car. It made by Porsche.  The Spyder is powered by a naturally-aspirated 4.6 litre V8 engine, developing . With two electric motors delivering an additional  it has a combined output of . The 918 Spyder's 6.8 kWh lithium-ion battery pack delivers an all-electric range of  under EPA's five-cycle tests. The car has a top speed of around .

References 

Porsche automobiles
Issue (legal)

In legal use, an "issue" means a point disputed by parties to a lawsuit. Legal issue may also refer to either a person's lineal descendants or a group of securities offered for sale. An issue of law is a question of how a law is applied rather than a question of fact.

Disputed Point
evidence as well as civil and criminal procedure, there are issues of fact. Issues of fact are presented by statements of fact which are each put to a test: Is the statement true or false?

Often, different parties have conflicting statements of fact. These statements are then presented as alternative questions. The justifications are presented by proposing evidence in favor or in opposition. Formally the issues follow the form of "this statement is true and it is true because... (or it is false because) ... ".

The list of issues is the list of the questions the parties request the court to answer.  The court's answers usually must be provided before a legally acceptable date and the court should give reason when it decides not to answer any of them. Plaintiffs as well as defendants sometimes do not present their issues according to these due process premises. It is then the court that must decide the probable statements of fact and assume what is in need of legal answers.

References 

Legal terms
Supreme Court of Missouri

The Supreme Court of Missouri, is the state supreme court and the highest court in the state of Missouri. It was established in 1820 and is located in Jefferson City, Missouri.  Missouri voters have approved changes in the state's constitution to give the Supreme Court the sole legal power to hear five types of cases on appeal. Per Article V, Section 3 of the Constitution of Missouri, these cases involve:

The validity of a United States statute or treaty.
The validity of a Missouri statute or constitutional provision.
The state's revenue laws.
Challenges to a statewide elected official's right to hold office.
Anytime the death penalty is imposed.

Unless their case involves one of those five issues, people who want a trial court's decision reviewed must appeal to the Missouri Court of Appeals. Most of these cases involve routine legal questions and end there.  The Court of Appeals is divided geographically into the "Eastern District", "Western District" and "Southern District".

Certain cases may be transferred to the Supreme Court at the Court's own discretion. These include cases of general interest or importance. They look at cases where the laws should be re-examined. They also review cases that the lower court's decision conflicts with an earlier appellate decision. This is similar to the process the United States Supreme Court uses in accepting cases. In addition, the Court of Appeals may transfer a case to the Supreme Court after an opinion is issued. This can be either upon request of one of the parties or at the request of one of the judges on the appellate court.

History 
In 1820, when it was first established, there were three judges on the Supreme Court. In 1872 the number was increased to five judges. In 1890, the court was increased again to its present size of seven judges.

In 1890, the court was divided into two divisions. This allowed it to handle more cases and make quicker decisions. In 1976, the two divisions were eliminated by a constitutional amendment. The court now rules on cases En banc (all judges together) so decisions are made by the entire court.

Judicial selection
Judges of the court are selected through the nonpartisan plan, nationally known as the Missouri Plan. Under the plan, the Appellate Judicial Commission submits the names of three nominees to the Governor. If the Governor fails to make an appointment with 60 days of the nominees being named, the Commission shall make the appointment. Once the judge has served for at least a year, he or she is placed on the general election ballot for vote of the people to keep their seat. If retained, judges serve a term of 12 years. The constitution requires that all judges retire by age 70.

References 

Courts (law)
Brihadratha Maurya

Brihadratha Maurya was the last ruler of the Maurya Empire. He was the ruler from 187 BC-180 BC. He was killed by his general Pushyamitra Sunga in 180 BC.

During his rule, the Mauryan Empire got smaller. Using this, his general Pushyamitra Sunga defeated Brihadratha with a huge army. Brihadratha Maurya died in the war. After his death, Pushyamitra Sunga founded the Sunga dynasty controlling the Mauryan territories.

Emperors and empresses
Indian monarchs
Pushyamitra Sunga

Pushyamitra Sunga is the founder of the Sunga dynasty in 180BCE by defeating the Mauryan army. He was the general of Mauryan emperor Brihadratha Maurya.

Later defeated and killed his master in a war. He proclaimed himself king. His dynasty replaced the Mauryan empire. He performed ashvamedha yaga and brought most of the North India under him.

He ruled until his death in 149 BCE.

149 BC deaths
Indian monarchs
Shunga Empire
Luxurious

"Luxurious" is a song by American singer and songwriter Gwen Stefani from her debut solo studio album, Love. Angel. Music. Baby. (2004). Written by Stefani and Tony Kanal, Luxurious contains a sample of The Isley Brothers' 1983 song "Between the Sheets". The remix features rapper Slim Thug.

Track listings
European and Canadian CD single
"Luxurious" (Album Version) – 4:24
"Luxurious" (Remix featuring Slim Thug) [Radio Edit] – 4:04

European CD maxi single and Australian CD single
"Luxurious" (Album Version) – 4:24
"Luxurious" (Remix featuring Slim Thug) [Radio Edit] – 4:04
"Cool" (Richard X Remix) – 6:37
"Luxurious" (Video) – 4:06

US 12" single
A1. "Luxurious" (Remix featuring Slim Thug) – 4:22
A2. "Luxurious" (Album Version) – 4:24
B1. "Luxurious" (A Cappella) – 3:42
B2. "Luxurious" (Instrumental) – 4:24

Credits and personnel
Credits adapted from the liner notes of Love. Angel. Music. Baby.

 

 Gwen Stefani – lead vocals, songwriting
 Chipz – programming
 Greg Collins – recording
 Sheldon Conrich – keyboards
 Brian "Big Bass" Gardner – mastering
 GMR – French spoken word
 Simon Gogerly – programming, recording
 Lee Groves – mix programming
 Rob Haggett – second assistant engineer
 Nellee Hooper – production

 Tony Kanal – keyboards, production, programming, songwriting, synthesizers
 Jason Lader – additional engineering, programming
 Aidan Love – programming
 Kevin Mills – assistant engineering
 Colin "Dog" Mitchell – recording
 Ian Rossiter – assistant engineering
 Mark "Spike" Stent – mixing
 David Treahearn – assistant engineering

Charts

References

2004 songs
Gwen Stefani songs
Hip hop songs
Hip hop soul songs
R&B songs
Jocelyn Lovell

Jocelyn Bjorn Lovell (19 July 1950 – 3 June 2016) was a Canadian cyclist. He was known in the track and road cycling field. He was active in the 1970s and early 1980s. He won many of national titles as well as gold medals at the Commonwealth Games and Pan American Games. He competed at three Olympic Games.

His greatest success came at the 1978 Commonwealth Games in Edmonton where he won three gold medals in Games record times. Later that year he won a silver medal at the world championships.

He continued to race as an amateur into the early 1980s. However, on 4 August 1983 when he was involved in a collision with a dump truck while training. The truck hit him from behind and broke his neck and pelvis. He permanently became a quadriplegic. In 1985, he was inducted into the Canadian Sports Hall of Fame.

References

Other websites
PDF of a St. Michael's College article, Fall 2008 article discussing Flying Fathers hockey team also mentions Jocelyn Lovell's crash.

1950 births
2016 deaths
1968 Summer Olympics
1972 Summer Olympics
1976 Summer Olympics
Canadian Olympians
Canadian cyclists
People from Norwich
Sportspeople from Norfolk
Dave Swarbrick

David Cyril Eric Swarbrick (5 April 1941 – 3 June 2016) was an English folk musician and singer-songwriter. He was one of the most highly known musicians produced by the second British folk revival.

His work for the group Fairport Convention from 1969 along with their album album Liege & Lief (1969) was thought to create the electric folk movement.

Swarbrick died on 3 June 2016 from emphysema, aged 75.

References

Other websites

 Dave Swarbrick Official Website

1941 births
2016 deaths
Deaths from emphysema
English singer-songwriters
Musicians from Surrey
Singers from Surrey
Writers from Surrey
Sten Lundin

Sten Lundin (20 November 1931 – 3 June 2016) was a Swedish professional motocross racer. He won the F.I.M. 500cc Motocross World Championship in 1959 riding a Monark. In the 1960 world championship, he finished in second place, two points behind Bill Nilsson. Lundin was also a member of the victorious Swedish team at the 1955 Motocross des Nations.

References

Other websites
 Sten Lundin and his championship winning motorcycle
 1963 Monark 500 at the Motorcycle Hall of Fame
 British Pathé Newsreel film Lundin victory at 1961 International Motocross race in Oberstorf, Germany

1931 births
2016 deaths
Swedish sportspeople
Vitaliy Masol

Vitaliy Andriiovych Masol (; November 14, 1928 – September 21, 2018) was a Ukrainian politician. He was Prime Minister of Ukraine from 1994 to 1995. He was confirmed as Prime Minister on June 16, 1994 and resigned from that post on March 1, 1995.

Masol died on September 21, 2018 in Kyiv, aged 89.

References

1928 births
2018 deaths
Communist politicians
Prime Ministers of Ukraine
Radical Republican

The Radical Republicans were a political faction of American politicians within the Republican Party. They existed from 1854 until the end of Reconstruction in 1877. They called themselves "radicals". They were opposed during the War by the Moderate Republicans (led by Abraham Lincoln). One of the fears of the radicals was that if Northern and Southern Democrats came back together again as they had before the Civil War the Republican party would no longer be the dominant political party.

History 
In 1854, the Republican party was formed as a result of the Kansas–Nebraska Act. The act split the Whig Party in two. The Northern Whigs united with the members of the Free Soil Party. Together with the Know-Nothing Party they formed the Republican Party. 
Between its formation in 1854 and 1861, the Republican Party had many different factions or groups. It attracted been Whigs, Anti-Slavery Democrats, Know-Nothings, and Abolitionists, but by the start of the Civil War it had been reduced to just three factions: conservatives, moderates and radicals.

The Republicans generally opposed slavery. At first, many opposed giving African Americans equal rights when and if slavery ended. Radical Republicans believed they should be given equal rights and have the same opportunities as white people. They also wanted the leaders of the Confederate States of America to be punished for any part they played in the Civil War. Many Radical Republicans believed blacks were entitled to the same political rights and opportunities as whites. They also believed that the Confederate leaders should be punished for their roles in the Civil War.

Notes

References 

Political movements
1850s in the United States
1860s in the United States
1870s in the United States
Bob Uecker

Robert George "Bob" Uecker ( ; born January 26, 1934) is a retired American Major League Baseball player, later a sportscaster, comedian and actor. Uecker is also known as "Mr. Baseball". Since 1971, Uecker has served as a play-by-play announcer for Milwaukee Brewers radio broadcasts. 

Uecker is a member of the National Baseball Hall of Fame as a 2003 recipient of the Ford C. Frick Award for his broadcasting career.

References

Other websites
 
 WWE Hall of Fame profile
 Baseball Hall of Fame - Frick Award recipient 
 
 Bob Uecker Quotes
 Bob Uecker interview on OnMilwaukee.com

1934 births
Living people
Milwaukee Braves players
St. Louis Cardinals players
Philadelphia Phillies players
Atlanta Braves players
Comedians from Milwaukee, Wisconsin
Sportspeople from Milwaukee, Wisconsin
Actors from Milwaukee, Wisconsin
National Baseball Hall of Fame members
Capellen

Capellen (, ) is a town in the commune of Mamer, in south-western Luxembourg,  west of Luxembourg City.

Despite not having a commune named after it, Capellen gives its name to the canton of Capellen.

History
Capellen lies on the old Roman road, today's Kiemwee, from Trier in Germany to Reims and Paris.

When Luxembourg was divided into cantons in 1840, as a result of disputes between Mamer and Koerich, it was decided that the canton should be named Capellen and that Capellen should become the capital of the canton.

Geography
Capellen has an area of . The altitude at the church is  high.

Population
There were 1,677, persons living in the commune in 2015, for a population density of  inhabitants/km².

References

Related pages
 Cantons of Luxembourg
 Communes of Luxembourg
 List of cities in Luxembourg

Other websites

 Commune of Mamer official website 

Settlements in Luxembourg
Charles Sturt University

Charles Sturt University is a large university that has multiple campuses around the world.  The university has campuses at Bathurst, Canberra, Albury-Wodonga, Dubbo, Goulburn, Orange, Port Macquarie, Wagga Wagga and Burlington, Ontario (Canada).

References

1989 establishments in Australia
Colleges and universities in Australia
Red Fort

The Red Fort (Lal Qila) is a monument built in 1638 that rises  above Old Delhi. It was built by the Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan. The fort is located in what is now the centre of Delhi, India. It is made of red stone and marble. It was built on the right bank of the Yamuna River. 

The Red Fort was originally referred to as "Qila-i-Mubarak" (the blessed fort), because it was the residence of the royal family. The layout of the Red Fort was organised to keep and integrate this site with the Salimgarh Fort. The planning and aesthetics of the Red Fort represent the high point in Mughal creativity which happened during the reign of Emperor Shah Jahan. This Fort has had many additions after its construction by Emperor Shah Jahan. It is a World Heritage Site. it is made out of red sandstone.

References 
 

World Heritage Sites in India
Palaces
1638 establishments
17th-century establishments in India
Karaikal Port

Karaikal Port Private Limited is a private port in Karaikal, Puducherry, India. It was made by the Chennai-based company MARG limited. The project began in 2005. It was first used in April 2009.

So far, the port has handled cargoes such as coal, petroleum coke, raw sugar, fertilizer, cement, project cargo and construction materials. Containers and liquid cargo are soon to follow. When it is finished, the port will be able to handle all types of cargo. Karaikal Port is also a hub for oil exploration activities. Companies such as Hindustan Oil Exploration Company (HOEC) and Reliance Petroleum regularly call at the port.

Karaikal Port is a deep draft, all weather port. The current depth of  allows for handling of Gearless Panamax size ships (up to 80000 MT).

Ports and harbours
Puducherry
Karaikal District
Naturally aspirated engine

A naturally aspirated engine is an internal combustion engine in which air intake depends solely on atmospheric pressure and which does not rely on air forced through a turbocharger or a supercharger. Many sports cars use naturally aspirated engines due to their lack of a turbo lag. The main advantage of a naturally aspirated engine is they are usually more reliable than turbocharged or supercharged engines. Most automobile gasoline engines, as well as many small engines used for non-automotive purposes, are naturally aspirated.  Most modern diesel engines powering highway vehicles are turbocharged to produce a better power-to-weight ratio. They also have better fuel efficiency and lower exhaust emissions.

References 

Automotive technologies
Umerkot

Umerkot is a town in Umerkot district of Sindh Province in Pakistan. The town is famous because the great Mughal emperor Akbar the Great born here in 14 October 1542 when Emperor Humayun fled to escape from Sher Shah Suri. The excellent artistic tourist spot of Umerkot Fort where Emperor Akbar born is here. The town is well connected with Karachi and Hyderabad

Towns in Pakistan
Mid-engine design

A mid-engine layout describes the location of an automobile engine between the front and rear axles.  A physics term, moment of inertia, shows how hard it is to turn a moving object. In a front engine front-wheel drive car, the drive wheels also have to steer the car, causing torque steer (pull to one side during Acceleration). Front-wheel drive can cause the vehicle to oversteer (turn more sharply than the driver expects) in a corner. A front engine rear-wheel drive can have good weight distribution (balance front to rear), but has a higher moment of inertia than mid engine layout. The mid-engine layout has none of these disadvantages. It has better weight distribution and a lower moment of inertia. Its main disadvantage is that the engine, mounted in the middle, leaves much less room for passengers and cargo. However, in racing there is usually only a driver so passengers and cargo are not an issue.

References 

Automotive technologies
Hanuman Jayanti

Hanuman Jayanthi is a festival in India. It is the birthday of Hanuman, the Vanara god who looks like a monkey. It is celebrated on the 15th day of Chitra Pournami. It is an important festival of the Hindus. Hanuman is the symbol of strength, energy and devotion. He is worshipped as a deity with supreme powers and conquer evil spirits.

Festivals in Asia
Hindu festivals
Ondrej Duda

Ondrej Duda (born on 5 December 1994 in Snina, Slovakia) is a Slovak association football midfielder who currently plays for the Polish club Legia Warsaw and the Slovakia national football team. He played for VSS Košice from 2012 to 2014. His nicknames are Dudinho and Ondrej di Maria.

References

Other websites 
MFK Košice profile 
Ondrej Duda profile at Soccerway

1994 births
Living people
UEFA Euro 2016 players
Slovak footballers
Diemerswil

Diemerswil is a municipality in the administrative district of Bern-Mittelland in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

 Official website 

Municipalities of Bern
Begum Jan

Begum Jan is a doctor from South Waziristan, Pakistan. In 2008 she received the International Women of Courage Award. Jan cares for women and children in Pakistan's dangerous tribal areas.

Life 

When Jan was a child, she studied with boys, because there was no school for girls.  When the tribal leaders said she could not go to high school with boys, she studied with a tutor.  She went to medical school in Jalalabad, Afghanistan.

Work 

Jan worked at Pakistan Red Crescent.  She worked with women and children at a mental hospital. She also worked with Afghan refugees. Jan started the Tribal Women Welfare Association.

References  

Women who received the International Women of Courage Award
Physicians
Pakistani scientists
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Diemtigen

Diemtigen is a municipality of the administrative district Frutigen-Niedersimmental in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

 Official Website of Diemtigen 
 

Municipalities of Bern
Paul Petersen

William Paul Petersen (born September 23, 1945) is an American actor and comedian, best known for portraying Jeff Stone on The Donna Reed Show. He began his show business career at the age of 10 as a Mouseketeer on the Mickey Mouse Club.

References

Other websites
 

1945 births
Living people
Actors from Glendale, California
Comedians from Los Angeles County, California
American movie actors
American television actors
Nibal Thawabteh

Nibal Thawabteh (Arabic language نبال ثوابتة) is a Palestinian political activist. In 2009 she received the International Women of Courage Award. During her speech at the ceremony, she spoke for the Palestinian people and asked the world to listen to the Palestinian women.

Work 
Thawabteh was the first woman to be elected to the Beit Fajjar Village Council.  Beit Fajjar is a village near Bethlehem. She also helped other women get seats in the Village Council. Thawabteh started a monthly newspaper to write about subjects like honor killing, polygamy, and poverty.

Thawabteh is the director of the Media Development Center at Birzeit University in Birzeit, Palestine, near Ramallah.

References  

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Palestinian politicians
Political activists
Women who received the International Women of Courage Award
Cynthia Bendlin

Cynthia Bendlin is a human rights activist from Paraguay.  She works against human trafficking.  In 2008, she received the International Women of Courage Award.

Work 

Bendlin is the head of the International Organization of Migration.  The organization works to prevent of trafficking of women in the border area of Brazil, Argentina, and Paraguay.  According to Bendlin, there are 6000 possible victims of trafficking in this area. In 2006 and 2007, the organization had seminars to teach government leaders to fight trafficking. The seminars were in Ciudad del Este, Paraguay, Foz do Iguasu, Brazil and Porto Iguasu, Argentina.

References  

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Human rights activists
Paraguayan people
Women who received the International Women of Courage Award
Slither.io

Slither.io is an online multiplayer video game. It is played on a web browser or through an app. The game was started by Steve Howse in 2016. 

The game is played in the role of a snake eating 2-dimensional glowing dots on a grid. It is based on the 2015 game Agar.io, with the main difference is that snakes will die when their head collides with another snake, instead of being based on size like in Agar.io.

The game is most played in multiplayer , where every snake is a human player. In the iOS and Android versions, however, it can also be played in singleplayer, where every snake except the player is controlled by the device.

References

Other websites 
 

Massively multiplayer online role-playing games
IOS games
Android (operating system) games
Ashley Greene

Ashley Michele Greene (born February 21, 1987) is an American actress and model. She is best known for playing Alice Cullen in the Twilight Saga movies.

Early life 
Greene was born in Jacksonville, Florida. Her mother is Michele Greene (née Tatum), who works in insurance, and Joe Greene, a former U.S. Marine who now owns a concrete business. She grew up in Middleburg and Jacksonville. She moved to Los Angeles, California, at the age of 17 to pursue an acting career. Greene has an older brother named Joe.

Career 
At first, she planned to become a model. Her manager told her that she was not tall enough to be a fashion model and that she should act in commercials instead. After taking commercial and acting classes, she realized that she liked acting more than modeling. Greene graduated from high school early and moved to L.A. to start her acting career.

Acting 
Early in her career, she had guest roles on television programs, such as Punk'd and Crossing Jordan. In 2008, she had an important role in the movie Twilight, which was based on the novel of the same name by Stephenie Meyer. She played the character Alice Cullen. She was also in the sequels to Twilight: The Twilight Saga: New Moon (2009), The Twilight Saga: Eclipse (2010), The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn - Part 1 (2011), and The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn - Part 2 (2012).

Greene played Michelle Burkham in the drama movie Skateland (2010).

She acted in the movie A Warrior's Heart with Kellan Lutz, who was also in Twilight.

Greene acted along with Miley Cyrus and Demi Moore in the drama movie LOL (2012).

In 2013, Greene was in the historical film  CBGB about the former Manhattan music club with the same name.

Modeling 
In 2010, Greene did modeling for an advertisement by the company SoBe. In this advertisement, she wore body paint. Later the same year, Greene became the main model for the Mark brand of cosmetics. This brand is made by the company Avon.

Greene received an award from the PETA foundation because of her work with Avon, which does not do animal testing. She also received the "The Style Icon Award" from the magazine Hollywood Life at the Young Hollywood Awards.

Filmography

Film

Television

Video games

Music videos

Awards and nominations

References

Other websites 

 

1987 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
Actors from Florida
Diessbach bei Büren

Diessbach bei Büren is a municipality in the administrative district of Seeland in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

 Official Website 

Municipalities of Bern
Bévilard

Bévilard is a municipality in the administrative district of Jura bernois in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.

On 1 January 2015 the former municipalities of Bévilard, Malleray and Pontenet into the new municipality of Valbirse.

Former municipalities of Bern
2015 disestablishments in Switzerland
Diesse

Diesse is a former municipality of the administrative district of Jura bernois in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.

On 1 January 2014 the former municipalities of Diesse, Lamboing and Prêles merged into the new municipality of Plateau de Diesse.

Former municipalities of Bern
Hospental

Hospental is a municipality in the canton of Uri in Switzerland. It has an area of .

References

Other websites

 Official Homepage of Hospental 

Municipalities of Uri
Aesch, Lucerne

Aesch is a municipality of the district Hochdorf in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland.

References

Other websites

 Official Website 

Municipalities of Lucerne