cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Kinnie

Kinnie is a carbonated soft drink from Malta. It was first developed in 1952 by Simonds Farsons Cisk in Malta. Kinnie is amber in colour. It has a bittersweet flavour. Kinnie is drunk straight or mixed with alcohol to create a mixed drink. Unlike cola products Kennie actually quenches thirst. The taste takes some getting used to. But it is very popular with locals and visitors.

History
Kinnie was first produced in 1952. It was an alternative to the cola drinks that were popular in post-war Europe. Kinnie's recipe is kept secret. The official website has more information about its ingredients. Kinnie may owe its bittersweet taste to a blend of Mediterranean chinotto bitter oranges. It may be combined with a dozen different aromatic herbs and spices. These include anise, ginseng, vanilla, rhubarb and liquorice. A sales slogan was: "The problem with drinking kinnie is that you just can not get enough".

A diet version for Kinnie appeared in 1984. In 2007, a new low calorie version of Kinnie called Kinnie Zest was made available. This has a slightly darker colour and a stronger orange flavour. It is advertised as only having one calorie per bottle. The latest Kinnie variant is Kinnie Vita which is naturally sweetened using a blend of sugar and stevia leaf extract.

Sales locations
Kinnie is exported to the UK, Italy, Germany, Poland and the Netherlands, It is also exported to Libya and Canada. In recent years, Simonds Farsons Cisk also started to franchise Kinnie production overseas. As a result, Kinnie is now produced under licence in Australia. In March 2009, it was announced that Farsons were going to start exporting Kinnie into Russia. In the summer of 2010, Farsons and Kinnie UK Limited soft-launched Kinnie and its two variants in London's West End. They reached almost 100 trial outlets by September 2010.

References

Other websites 

 Kinnie: Malta's Own Favourite Soft Drink
 Kennie Home Page

Soft drinks
Malta
Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia

The UNAD or Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia is a public institution in Colombia. It has 75,000 students, of which 60,000 students study undergraduate programs (higher education) and 15,000 study other courses.

References 

Educational institutions
Colombia
Russell Wilson

Russell Carrington Wilson (born November 29, 1988) in Cincinnati, Ohio is the starting quarterback for the Seattle Seahawks. He wears the number 3.

Wilson was selected by the Seahawks in the third round in the 2012 National Football League draft. He lead the Seahawks to a Super Bowl win in 2014 against the Denver Broncos lead by Peyton Manning.

References 

1988 births
Living people
American football quarterbacks
Sportspeople from Cincinnati, Ohio
Seattle Seahawks players
South Park (season 1)

The first season of South Park, an American animated sitcom created by Trey Parker and Matt Stone, aired on Comedy Central in the United States between August 13, 1997, and February 25, 1998, consisting of 13 episodes.

Episodes

References

Other websites

 South Park Studios – official website with streaming video of full episodes

1997 in television
1998 in American television
American television seasons
Season 1
1990s television seasons
1998 television seasons
South Park (season 2)

The second season of South Park, an American animated sitcom created by Trey Parker and Matt Stone, aired from April 1, 1998 to January 20, 1999.

Episodes

References

Other websites

 South Park Studios – official website with streaming video of full episodes.

1998 in American television
1999 in American television
American television seasons
Season 2
1998 television seasons
1999 television seasons
Nymphaea pubescens

The hairy water lily or pink water-lily (Nymphaea pubescens) is a species of water lily. It is the Official National flower of Bangladesh respectively.

References

Heraldry

Plants of Asia
Nymphaeales
National symbols of Bangladesh
Nana Shineflug

Elizabeth "Nana" Shineflug (1935 - 15 January 2015) was an American dancer and choreographer. She started and led the Chicago Moving Company, a modern-dance troupe. Her style was not traditional: "Shineflug nurtured our God-given right to weirdness...," according to critic Laura Molzahn.

Shineflug's maiden name was Elizabeth Strohmeier. She grew up in Evanston, Illinois.

Career
Shineflug graduated from Northwestern University with a degree in mathematics. Later, she was awarded an M.A. (1986) and Graduate Certificate in Laban Movement Analysis from Columbia College, Chicago.
In 1972, she started the Chicago Moving Company. She taught at Columbia College Chicago in the Interdisciplinary Arts Graduate Program and the Theater Department.  Shineflug also taught modern dance, Qi Gong, and Psychocalesthenics through the Chicago Moving Company.  She also performed and taught in other countries.

Nana Shineflug died of cancer in her Glenview, Illinois home on 15 January 2015. She was seventy-nine years old.

Awards
 Four Choreographic Fellowships from National Endowment for the Arts
 The Katherine Dunham Award for Excellence and Dedication to the Arts
 Chicago Dance Coalition/Ruth Page Lifetime Service to the Field Award
 Three Illinois Arts Council Choreographic Fellowships
 Chicago Dance Award for Outstanding Contribution
 Ruth Page Award, Honorable Mention for the Dance Legacy Project
 Boulevard Arts Center's Presidents Award
 Two Illinois Alliance for Arts Education Service Recognition Awards
 Prestigious National Endowment for Arts Arts-Plus Partnership
 Columbia College Chicago Lifetime Achievement Award

Further sources

References

1935 births
2015 deaths
American choreographers
American dancers
Cancer deaths in Illinois
People from Evanston, Illinois
Ficus benghalensis

Ficus benghalensis, commonly known as the banyan, banyan fig and Indian banyan, is a tree that grows in India and Bangladesh. Some Indian banyan trees are among the largest trees in the world. It is recognized as the National trees of both the countries of the Indian subcontinent. It is the largest canopy-holder tree of the world. It can spread up to 2000 feet of land. It is said by its scientific name that, this mammoth tree is native and endemic to the Great Bengal Region (both Bangladesh and West Bengal of India). In Buddhism the banyan’s habit of supplanting its host tree is likened to the manner in which humans are overcome by sensual desire. Interestingly, the name ‘banyan’ came about when early Portuguese travellers to India noted that traders, or banias, set up shop in the shade of these enormous trees. Eventually the Gujarati word for ‘merchant’ became the name of the tree itself. When traveling in the fascinating country of Bangladesh, be sure to take note of the most unusual banyan tree.

References

Other websites

Plants of Asia
National symbols of India
National symbols of Bangladesh
Johnny Gimble

John Paul "Johnny" Gimble (May 30, 1926 – May 9, 2015) was an American country musician. He played the fiddle and worked in the Western swing genre. From the 1970s, he won five Best Instrumentalist awards from the Country Music Awards and eight Best Fiddle Player awards from the Academy of Country Music. 

He worked with musicians including Merle Haggard, Willie Nelson, Chet Atkins, Carrie Underwood and Ray Price. He appeared on Austin City Limits and Garrison Keillor's broadcasts. He was also a member of the Million Dollar Band and his last album was Celebrating with Friends (2010). Gimble was nominated for a Grammy Award.

Gimble was born in Tyler, Texas. He had many strokes in his later life and died on May 9, 2015 in Dripping Springs, Texas. He was 88.

References

1926 births
2015 deaths
Country musicians from Texas
American singer-songwriters
Cardiovascular disease deaths in Texas
Deaths from stroke
Fiddlers
Rutger Gunnarsson

Rutger Gunnarsson (12 February 1946 – 8 May 2015) was a Swedish musician, bass guitarist, arranger and record producer. He was best known as a bassist for ABBA on tours and their albums, serving as a Kapellmeister. He also worked with artists including Celine Dion, Westlife, Elton John, Adam Ant, Bobbysocks, Gwen Stefani, Elin Lanto, Joyride and Alla Pugacheva.

Gunnarsson was born in Linköping Municipality, Östergötland County. He died in Stockholm, aged 69.

References

Other websites
 

1946 births
2015 deaths
Bass guitarists
Pop musicians
Swedish musicians
Swedish record producers
Ontario Heritage Act

The Ontario Heritage Act is a law that was made on March 5, 1975. It lets the Province of Ontario and cities protect important buildings and other places. These places are called designated heritage properties.

Listing a place under the Act
If a place is listed as an important place under the Act, the person who owns the place needs to ask the government of their city to let them change any of the important parts of the place. They also need to ask the government to let them destroy any buildings.

Changes to the law 
Before 2005, people could still destroy buildings that were listed as important, even if the government of the city did not want to let them. They did this by waiting for 180 days after asking to destroy the building. Once 180 days were over, if the people who owned the buildings did not agree with the government of the city, the people who owned the buildings could destroy the building.

In 2005, the provincial government changed the Act.  People who own important buildings are not allowed to destroy the buildings any more if the government of the city does not let them. If the government of the city does not let them destroy the building, they are allowed to ask the Conservation Review Board to let them do it anyway. If the Conservation Review Board does not let them destroy the building, then the person who owns the building is not allowed to destroy the building.

The change also says that people who own important buildings must take care of them so that the buildings will not fall.

Problems
There are some problems with the Ontario Heritage Act. Sometimes the government of a city will say that a place is important because they do not want anyone to make changes to the place, even though the place is not important. For example, one city said that a golf course was important because someone wanted to build houses there instead.

Another problem is that there are a lot of old churches that are important, but the people who use the churches sometimes need to make changes to the buildings because of their religion. The government of the city needs to be careful to let the people practice their religion but also needs to take care of the building.

Another problem is that there are a lot of buildings in Ontario that belong to the Government of Canada. These buildings are not protected by the Act. The Government of Canada has laws that protect some of these buildings, but not all of them.

References

Other websites 
Ontario Heritage Act
Canadian Register of Historic Places, search for sites designated under the Ontario Heritage Act
Ontario Heritage Toolkit
List of designated heritage properties in Toronto 

Legislation
Ontario
Terrence Prendergast

Terrence Thomas Prendergast, SJ (born 19 February 1944) is the Archbishop of Ottawa, Canada. He was formerly the Archbishop of Halifax. Prior to that he was the titular (in title only) Bishop of Slebte and Auxiliary Bishop of Toronto.

Early life
Prendergast was born in Montreal. He became a Jesuit priest in 1972. He has a Bachelor of Arts degree from Fordham University. He then studied at Regis College, Toronto School of Theology, which was a part of Saint Mary's University in Halifax. There he earned a Master of Divinity and a Doctor of Theology degree.

Professor
Prendergast taught Latin and Greek at Loyola High School in Montreal from 1967 to 1969. After he became a priest and earned his Doctor of Theology degree, he taught in Halifax at the Atlantic School of Theology from 1975 to 1981. He was the rector of Toronto's Regis College from 1981 to 1987, and its Dean of Theology from 1991 to 1994.  From 1992 to 1994 he helped Bishop Frederick Henry visit English-language Canadian seminaries for the Vatican. When he was asked to be Auxiliary Bishop of Toronto in 1995, he was a Visiting Professor at the École Biblique in Jerusalem.

Bishop
  
Prendergast was chosen to become titular Bishop of Slebte and Auxiliary Bishop of Toronto on February 22, 1995. Prendergast was consecrated in St. Michael's Cathedral, Toronto, on April 25, 1995.

He became Archbishop of Halifax on September 14, 1998.  The Archbishop of Halifax is in charge of dioceses in the provinces of Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island. Prendergast also became the Chancellor of Saint Mary's University in Halifax. This is because the university always had the archbishop as its chancellor. In 2007 the archdiocese and the university decided that the Archbishop would not be the chancellor anymore. Instead, he would be called the "Visitor" to the university.

Prendergast became the ninth Archbishop of Ottawa on June 26, 2007. He is also the Chancellor of Saint Paul University as the university has always had the archbishop as its chancellor.

Other
Archbishop Prendergast has a sister and three brothers. He is devoted to his many nieces and nephews, as well as to his Jesuit religious family. His hobbies include squash, cycling, skating, foreign films and Italian cooking.

References

1944 births
Living people
Canadian Christians
Jesuits
People from Montreal
Roman Catholic archbishops
Craig Gruber

Craig Gruber (June 22, 1951 – May 5, 2015) was an American rock bassist and musician. He was best known as the original bassist in the English band band Rainbow. He also played in Elf with vocalist Ronnie James Dio, keyboardist Mickey Lee Soule, drummer Gary Driscoll and guitarist David Feinstein.

Gruber died from prostate cancer on May 5, 2015 in Florida, aged 63.

References

1951 births
2015 deaths
American bass guitarists
American rock musicians
Cancer deaths in Florida
Deaths from prostate cancer
Young Europeans Literary Award

The Young Europeans Literary Award started in 2008.  Its goal is to promote European culture. The European Union National Institutes for Culture organises it. Each year 26 books are short listed, one book from each member of the European Union.

Selected books for 2016

Organisations that help 
 Goethe-Institut
 Instituto Camões
 Instituto Cervantès
 Instituto italiano
 British Council
 Maison de l’Europe et des Européens

Awards given already
 2009 - The Nubian Princess by Juan Bonilla, a Spanish author.
 2014 - Le blues du braqueur de banque by Flemming Jensen
 2015 -  Maurice and Mahmoud by Flemming Jensen.

References

Other websites 
 Site officiel
 BBA INSEEC 
 Page Youtube officielle PLJE

Literary awards
Dufferin County

Dufferin County is a county and census division in Ontario, Canada. The county seat is Orangeville. The county covers 1,486.31 square kilometers (573.87 square miles) and its population in 2011 is 56,881.

Dufferin County was formed in 1881 from parts of Grey County, Simcoe County, and Wellington County, Ontario. It was named after Frederick Hamilton-Temple-Blackwood, 1st Marquess of Dufferin and Ava, who was the Governor General of Canada from 1872 to 1878.

The county has four towns:
 Grand Valley
 Mono
 Orangeville
 Shelburne
It also has four townships:
 Amaranth
 East Garafraxa
 Melancthon
 Mulmur

Counties of Ontario
Haliburton County

Haliburton County is a county in Ontario, Canada. The county seat is Minden Hills. It was named after Thomas Chandler Haliburton, who helped bring settlers into the area. The county covers an area of 4,071.86 square kilometers (1,572.15 square miles) and has a population of 17,026, according to the 2011 census.

There are two townships in Haliburton: Algonquin Highlands and Minden Hills. It also has two municipalities: Dysart et al and Highlands East.

The county is a popular place for toruism, because there are so many lakes and rivers in the county for activities such as fishing and camping. Some of the popular places for tourists to visit are Boshkung Lake, Haliburton Lake, and Kawagama Lake, which is the largest lake in the county.

Counties of Ontario
Dysart et al, Ontario

Dysart et al, is the Corporation of the United Townships of Dysart, Dudley, Harcourt, Guilford, Harburn, Bruton, Havelock, Eyre and Clyde. Dysart et al is a municipality in Haliburton County in Central Ontario, Canada. With 68 letters, it is the longest name of any place in Canada. According to the Canada 2011 Census, it had a population of 5,966.

References

Other websites 
 Municipality of Dysart et al

Settlements in Ontario
David Defiagbon

David Dejiro Defiagbon (12 June 1970 – 24 November 2018) was a Nigerian-Canadian boxer. He competed for Canada at the 1996 Summer Olympics.

History
Defiagbon competed at the 1990 Commonwealth Games in Auckland, New Zealand. He won gold after defeating Greg Johnson. He fought for Nigeria at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, Spain. He was defeated in the first round of the light middleweight division by Raúl Márquez 7 to 8.

At the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, Georgia, United States, Defiagbon competed for Canada and was able to win a silver medal after he defeated Nate Jones. He was defeated by Félix Savón.

Defiagbon died of a heart attack in Las Vegas, Nevada on 28 November 2018 at the age of 48.

References

Other websites
Canadian Olympic team profile

1970 births
2018 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
1992 Summer Olympics
1996 Summer Olympics
Canadian boxers
Canadian Olympic silver medalists
Nigerian sportspeople
Myxophaga

Myxophaga is a small suborder of beetles. There are about  65 species of tiny beetles in four families. 

They are aquatic or semi-aquatic, and feed on algae.

Other websites

Beetles
Archostemata

Archostemata is the smallest suborder of beetles. There are less than fifty known species.

Archostemata is an ancient lineage with a number of primitive characteristics.  They are similar to the first beetles, which appear in the fossil record about 250 million years ago. The suborder contains the only paedogenic beetles, Micromalthus debilis.

These beetles are rare. Fossil deposits from the Permian suggest that Archostemata were once much more common and were widespread over the globe. The species which remain are just scattered vestiges of their former population.

"Abundant cladistic and fossil evidence shows the Archostematans are the basal suborder of [true] beetles",

References 

 White, Richard E. 1983. A field guide to beetles of North America. Houghton Mifflin.

Other websites

 Tree of Life - Archostemata

Beetles
Protocoleoptera

The Protocoleoptera are the earliest beetles in the fossil record.
"The oldest stem-group coleopterid is early Permian, 280 mya (million years ago)... true Coleoptera did not appear until the Triassic 230mya".

Interpreting the early fossil record of beetles has been difficult because their forewings are modified as elytra. So no wing veins are visible. Wing veins are the main way insect specialists classify insects.

References

Other sources 
 Arnol'di L.V. et al 1977. Mesozoic Coleoptera. transl. 1991. Simthsonian Inst. Libraries & U.S. National Science Foundation, Washington D.C.
 Crowson R.A. 1981. The biology of the Coleoptera. London: Academic Press.
 Ponomarenko A.C. 2003. Ecological evolution of beetles (Insecta: Coleoptera). Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia 46 (suppl.) 316–328.

Beetles
Mark Leduc

Mark Leduc (May 4, 1962 – July 22, 2009) was a Canadian boxer. He competed for Canada at the 1992 Summer Olympics.

Career
Leduc began his training in the East End of Toronto. His parents divorced when he was 15 and he had to live on the streets. Leduc was arrested for robbing a jewellery store at gunpoint and he was sentenced to spend six years at the Collins Bay Penitentiary in Kingston, Ontario. He was released from prison after serving 3 years.

At the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, Spain, Leduc competed for Canada and was able to win a silver medal. He defeated Leonard Doroftei 13-6 and was defeated by Héctor Vinent 1-11. In 1992, he turned pro and he had limited success. He recorded a record of 4-1-0 after losing to Michel Galarneau and retired.

In 1993, Leduc spoke on CBC Radio's documentary "The Last Closet" about being a gay athlete. He was not ready to come out yet and he spoke anonymously and through a voice filter. He officially came out as gay on the the TV documentary For the Love of the Game in 1994.

On July 22, 2009, Leduc collapsed in the sauna of a local hotel in Toronto and died. Doctors said that he may have died due to heat stroke.

References

Other websites
Canadian Olympic team profile

1962 births
2009 deaths
Canadian boxers
Canadian Olympic silver medalists
Gay men
LGBT Olympians
Sportspeople from Toronto
Milton, Stirling

Milton is a hamlet in Stirling, Scotland near the bigger village Aberfoyle. It was named after a mill that is no longer used. The mill has a cast iron millwheel from 1667.

References

Other websites

Canmore - Forth House, Milton, Aberfoyle site record 
Canmore - Milton, Jean Macalpine's Inn site record 

Hamlets in Scotland
Everybody's Fool

"Everybody's Fool" is the fourth and last single off American rock band Evanescence's first studio album Fallen. The song was released in June 7, 2004. 

The song was written five years before the album was released. Amy Lee said that the song is about celebrities that have false images. Lee said in an interview: "My little sister was really getting into these, I don't want to offend anyone, but like really fake, cheesy, slutty female cracker-box idols, and it really pissed me off. She started dressing like them and she was like 8 years old. So I gave her the talk and I wrote a song." She also later revealed that it was written for pop singers Britney Spears and Christina Aguilera saying, "At this point, everybody knows that Britney is fake. The song is not about Britney Spears; it's about a lot of people in this industry. It's so fake, the whole Hollywood thing. 'Look at how perfect I am!' Nobody looks like that. It's all fake and it's really hurting a lot of girls' and women's self images. Where are all the normal people?".

On the Billboard charts, "Everybody's Fool" was able to peak at #36 on Alternative Songs chart.

References

Other websites
"Everybody's Fool" on YouTube

2004 songs
Evanescence songs
Lokiarchaeota

The Lokiarchaeota are a proposed phylum of the Archaea. It was proposed in 2015 after the composite genome of Lokiarchaeum was sequenced.

The genome 
The Lokiarchaeum genome has 5,381 protein coding genes. Of these, about 32% do not correspond to any known protein. 26% closely resemble archeal proteins, and 29% correspond to bacterial proteins. This is consistent with previous research which suggests significant gene transfer between bacteria and Archaea. 

A small, but significant portion of the proteins (175, 3.3%) were most similar to eukaryotic proteins. Analysis suggested the genes in question had their origin at the base of the eukaryotic clades. In eukaryotes, the function of these proteins include cell membrane and cell shape formation, and a dynamic protein cytoskeleton. 

Another shared protein, actin, is used in phagocytosis by eukaryotes. Phagocytosis is the ability to engulf and consume another particle. This ability is required for the endosymbiotic origin of mitochondria. Cells with mitochondria is one of the key differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes. In a widely accepted theory, mitochondria began as bacteria and were gradually incorporated into eukaryotic cells. Chloroplasts had a similar origin.

References 

Archaeans
Brian Sedgemore

Brian Charles John Sedgemore (17 March 1937 – 5 May 2015) was a Labour Party politician. He was a Member of Parliament from 1974 until 1979, and from 1983 until 2005. He defected to the Liberal Democrats shortly before he stood down at the 2005 general election.

References

1937 births
2015 deaths
Accidental deaths from falls
British politicians
Sam Rayburn

Samuel Taliaferro "Sam" Rayburn (January 6, 1882 – November 16, 1961) was an American politician. He served as the Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives from 1940 through 1947, again from 1949 through 1953, and again from 1955 through 1961.

He died of cancer at the age of 79 and is buried at Willow Wild Cemetery.

References

Other websites

 Obituary, NY Times, November 16, 1961, Rayburn Is Dead; Served 17 Years As House Speaker
 The leadership of Speaker Sam Rayburn published 1961, hosted by the Portal to Texas History.
 "Mister Speaker", Time Magazine, September 27, 1943 
 RAYBURN: MR. SPEAKER (A feature length documentary about Sam Rayburn's life and career)
 The Friends of Sam Rayburn Website 
 Sam Rayburn House Museum Website
 Address Delivered by The Honorable Sam Rayburn at the Dedication of the Marker over the Graves of His Great-Great Grandfather Col. George Waller and his wife Ann Winston Carr, Oakwood Cemetery, Martinsville, Virginia, May 6, 1951
 Associated Press, August 16, 2014 - Letter provides peek at personal Sam Rayburn 

1882 births
1961 deaths
Deaths from pancreatic cancer
Speakers of the United States House of Representatives
Deans of the United States House of Representatives
United States representatives from Texas
US Democratic Party politicians
Politicians from Tennessee
20th-century American politicians
Majority leaders of the United States House of Representatives
Minority leaders of the United States House of Representatives
Luiz Henrique da Silveira

Luiz Henrique da Silveira (February 25, 1940 – May 10, 2015) was a Brazilian politician and lawyer. He represented Santa Catarina in the Federal Senate since 2011. He was governor of Santa Catarina from 2003 to 2006 and 2007 to 2010. He was a member of the Brazilian Democratic Movement Party.

da Silveira died in Joinville, Santa Catarina from a heart attack, aged 75.

References

1940 births
2015 deaths
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Brazilian politicians
Brazilian lawyers
Ragne Tangen

Ragne Tangen (12 March 1927 – 9 May 2015) was a Norwegian children's television presenter. Her career began in 1958. She then made the first children's television program in Norway, I kosekroken.

Tangen died on 9 May 2015 at the age of 88.

References

1927 births
2015 deaths
Norwegian actors
Norwegian television personalities
Nathalia Timberg

Nathalia Elisa Timberg (born August 5, 1929 in Rio de Janeiro) is a Brazilian actress. She is known for her roles in Brazilian soap operas such as in Celebridade, Força de um Desejo, and in Páginas da Vida.

References

Other websites

1929 births
Living people
Brazilian actors
People from Rio de Janeiro
Ninad Bedekar

Ninad Gangadhar Bedekar (17 August 1949 – 10 May 2015) was an Indian historian, writer and orator. He was from Pune, Maharashtra, India. He wrote many books and also wrote scripts from television shows such as Son et lumière show and for the television serial Peshwai.

References

1949 births
2015 deaths
Indian writers
Indian historians
Indian scientists
People from Pune
Markiplier

Mark Edward Fischbach (born June 28, 1989), known by his YouTube username Markiplier, is an American internet personality, video game commentator and charity fundraiser.

Early life
Born in Honolulu, Hawaii, Fischbach began his career in Cincinnati, Ohio. His father was of German descent, while his mother is Korean. He studied Civil Engineering at the University of Cincinnati, later changing his degree to Biomedical Engineering. He later left college and started his YouTube career.

Career
Fischbach moved to Los Angeles, California in 2014, wanting to be closer to the YouTube scene.

, his channel has over 9 billion total video views and 22 million subscribers, and is currently the 36th most-subscribed channel on YouTube.

Fischbach plays in Let's Play videos, commonly of survival horror video games.

In 2017, Fischbach began his first improv tour, known as the "You're Welcome Tour", which spanned from North America to Europe and Australia.

Fischbach has done multiple charity streams and fundraisers with other YouTubers. Forbes reported in 2017 that Fischbach and his fans had helped raise roughly $3 million for charity in past fundraising streams. In April 2018, he raised $1,506,793.81 in charities.

Unus Annus
On November 15, 2019, Fischbach created a new channel with YouTuber Ethan Nestor (known online as CrankGameplays) called Unus Annus, a channel which planned to upload a video every day for one year, after which the channel would be deleted along with its videos. The channel had 1 million subscribers in its first 5 days and 4.56 million in its last few minutes. The channel was deleted on November 14, 2020. The channel was meant to remind viewers about life and death and how quickly both can come and go.

Podcasts
Fischbach, along with Wade Barnes (LordMinion777) and Bob Muyskens (Muyskerm) has streamed a podcast on Twitch called 3 Peens in a Podcast since 2018.

In 2019, Fischbach co-produced and starred in Edge of Sleep, an audio drama released on iTunes.

In May 2021, Fischbach announced that he, Barnes, and Muyskens would be starting a podcast called Distractible.

Philanthropy works

Awards and nominations

References

Other websites

 
 

1989 births
Living people
American philanthropists
American YouTubers
American Internet celebrities
Entertainers from Hawaii
Entertainers from Los Angeles
Entertainers from Ohio
Twitch (service) streamers
Podcasters
People from Cincinnati, Ohio
National Airlines

National Airlines (1934–1980) was an airline of the United States. It began in 1934. The airline was known for its coast-to coast flights between Miami, Los Angeles and New York City. Pan American World Airways bought National in 1979.

History 
The airline was founded in Jacksonville, Florida by George T. Baker. During its first few years, it mostly flew between Florida and the southern US. It began service to Havana, Cuba in 1946 and it stopped in 1961 because of the Cuban embargo. In the 1970s National started flying to cities in Europe like, Amsterdam and London. Pan American World Airways completed it's merger process with National in January 1980.

References 

Airlines of the United States
Companies based in Miami, Florida
1934 establishments in the United States
1980 disestablishments
Defunct companies of the United States
Royal Jordanian

Royal Jordanian is the national airline of Jordan. It began in 1963, under the name of Alia Airlines.  The airline's main hub is in Amman. It's a member of Oneworld.

References

Jordan
1963 establishments in Asia
Airlines of the Middle East
Don Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla International Airport

Don Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla International Airport or Guadalajara International Airport, is an airport in Guadalajara, Mexico. It opened in 1966.

Airlines
These are the airlines that go to Guadalajara Airport:
Aeromar
Aeroméxico (hub)
Alaska Airlines
American Airlines
Copa Airlines
Delta Air Lines
Delta Connection
Interjet
Magnicharters
TAR
United Airlines
United Express
VivaAerobus (hub)
Volaris (hub)

References

Guadalajara
Airports in North America
Transport in Mexico
1966 establishments in North America
1960s establishments in Mexico
Glenview, Illinois

Glenview is a village in northeastern Illinois, USA. It is about  north of downtown Chicago in Cook County, Illinois. According to the 2010 United States Census, the village population was 44,692.

History
The village was named by a popular vote in 1895.  It was incorporated as a village in 1899.  There were 325 adults in Glenview that year.

For many years, it was home to the Naval Air Station Glenview, until the station was closed down and converted to a prairie park, a lake, and residential and commercial properties in the early 1990s.

Population
The median age in 2010 was 45.5.  There were  23,496 (52.6%) women, and 
21,196 (47.4%) men.  There were 14,818 households.

Climate
Glenview has a continental climate (Köppen climate classification Dfa). The summers are generally wetter than the winters:

The highest recorded temperature was  in June 1988; the lowest recorded temperature was  in January 1982.

References

1895 establishments in the United States
Villages in Illinois
Suburbs of Chicago, Illinois
Settlements in Cook County, Illinois
1890s establishments in Illinois
Frank DiPascali

Frank DiPascali, Jr. (October 28, 1956 – May 7, 2015) was an American financer who was the finance chief for Bernard Madoff. On August 11, 2009, he pled guilty to ten counts related to the Madoff investment scandal, a Ponzi scheme.

DiPascali was born in Queens, New York. He was of Italian ancestry. He died from lung cancer, aged 58.

References

2015 deaths
1956 births
American fraudsters
Businesspeople from New York City
Cancer deaths in New York City
Criminals from New York City
Deaths from lung cancer
People from Queens
Wilberfoss

Wilberfoss is a village and civil parish in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England.  It is on the north side of the A1079 about  east of York city centre. It is   northwest of Market Weighton. According to the 2011 census, 1,866 people live in Wilberfoss parish. That is 11 more than were living there ten years earlier.

References

Villages in England
Kim Kyok-sik

Kim Kyok-sik (; 5 October 1938 – 10 May 2015) was a North Korean general and politician. From November 2012 until May 2013, he was the Defence Minister of North Korea. He was thought to have been behind two attacks on South Korea that killed 50 people in 2010.

Kim died from acute respiratory failure on 10 May 2015, aged 76.

References

1938 births
2015 deaths
Deaths from respiratory failure
Generals
North Korean military people
North Korean politicians
The Pale Emperor

The Pale Emperor is the ninth studio album by American rock band, Marilyn Manson. The Pale Emperor was released on January 15, 2015 through Hell, etc.. Manson dedicated the album to his late mother, Barbara Warner, who died on May 13, 2014 after an eight-year battle with Alzheimer's disease and dementia.

The album peaked at #8 on the Billboard 200, #6 on the Top Album Sales, #3 on the Top Rock Albums, #3 on the Top Alternative Albums, and at #1 on the Top Hard Rock Albums.

Songs

References

Other websites

Marilyn Manson albums
Ceriantharia

The tube-dwelling anemones (Ceriantharia) are a subclass of the Anthozoa. They resemble sea anemones. Sea anemones have a base plate, tube-dwelling anemones do not. 

Most tube-dwelling anemones reproduce sexually.  About 100 species have been described; most live in a depth of less than . Unlike sea anemones, tube-dwelling anemones live in soft sediments. The name "tube-dwelling anemone" comes from the fact that these animals build a tube out of the sandy sediments. In the case of danger, they retract into the tube.  

Cnidarians
Excise stamps of Russia

Excise stamps of Russia are a kind of Russian revenue stamps. They were issued according to the governmental order of the Russian Federation. On 14 April 1994 they adopted resolution number 319 "Introduction of excise stamps in the Russian Federation". Certain goods produced in Russia or imported to the territory of Russia are subject to excise tax including:
 vodka,
 alcohol,
 wine,
 tobacco and tobacco products.

Selling of goods subject to this law without affixing excise stamps is prohibited in the territory of Russia since 1 January 1995.

The law was amended by later decrees of the Russian Government.

Related pages 
 Customs
 Excise stamps of Ukraine
 Stamp Act
 Tax

References 

Taxation
Customs services
Philately of Russia
Excise stamps of Ukraine

Excise stamps of Ukraine are a kind of Ukrainian revenue stamps to collect excise tax. They are used in accordance with the Ukraine's presidential decree of 18 September 1995 "On approval of the excise duty on alcoholic beverages and tobacco products".

On 24 October 1996, there was another decree of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine, "On approval of the production, storage and sale of excise stamps and marking of alcoholic beverages and tobacco products, and the sale or destruction of the confiscated alcoholic beverages and tobacco products". It introduced excise stamps into circulation in Ukraine.

The law was amended by later decrees of the Ukrainian Government.

Related pages 
 Customs 
 Excise stamps of Russia
 Stamp Act
 Tax

References 

Ukraine
Taxation
Customs services
Philately
1995 establishments in Europe
1990s establishments in Ukraine
University of the People

University of the People (UoPeople) is a non-profit, accredited online institution of higher education in Pasadena, California, United States. It currently offers academic degrees in business administration and computer science.

Mission and history 

The mission of the school is to offer any qualified student affordable and quality educational programs. 

The school was founded by Shai Reshef in January 2009. It partners with institutions such as New York University and Yale University. It has received grants from Google, Microsoft and Hewlett-Packard.

Cost 
Students pay a registration fee of $60. They do not pay annual tuition fees. Instead, they pay $100 each time they take an examination. One does not have to buy books.  Open source online textbooks can be used.

To complete an associate degree (A.S.), a student must take 20 exams. 40 exams are needed for a bachelor's degree. This costs a total of $2,000 and $4,000 respectively. Students who cannot afford to pay can apply for scholarships.

Staff 
 Torsten Wiesel

References 

Pasadena, California
Colleges and universities in California
2009 establishments in California
Scleractinia

Scleractinia, also called stony corals or hard corals, an order in the Cnidaria. It contains the polyps which build most coral reefs. 

Most of these corals are colonial. They secrete calcium carbonate, the base of every reef. Very often, the corals form a symbiosis with unicellular dinoflagellates. These zooxanthellae are usually of the genus Symbiodinium. 

The closest relatives to stony corals are the sea anemones. Stony corals are only distantly related to fire corals and soft corals. There are about 1500 species, in 35 families.

References 

Cnidarians
Heydar Aliyev

Heydar Alirza oglu Aliyev or Heydar Aliyev (, ; 10 May 1923 – 12 December 2003), also spelled Heidar Aliev or Haidar Aliev was the third President of Azerbaijan for the New Azerbaijan Party from October 1993 to October 2003. His son Ilham Aliyev succeeded him.

From 1969 to 1982, Aliyev was also the leader of Soviet Azerbaijan, effectively dominating the political life of Azerbaijan for many years.

References

Other websites

Official website 
Official website Heydar Aliyev Foundation
Envisioning the Nation - Interview: Azerbaijan's President, Heydar Aliyev

1923 births
2003 deaths
Cardiovascular disease deaths in the United States
Deaths from congestive heart failure
Deaths from renal failure
Disease-related deaths in Ohio
Presidents of Azerbaijan
Soviet politicians
Burials at Alley of Honor
Recipients of the Order of Lenin
Ayaz Mutallibov

Ayaz Niyazi oglu Mutallibov (, , born 12 May, 1938, Baku) was the last leader of Soviet Azerbaijan. He was the first President of independent Azerbaijan from October 1991 till May 1992.

Other websites

Ayaz Mütallibov 

1938 births
Living people
Presidents of Azerbaijan
Prime Ministers of Azerbaijan
Politicians from Baku
Jef Geeraerts

Jef Geeraerts (Jozef Adriaan Anna Geeraerts, 23 February 1930 - 11 May 2015) was a Belgian writer. He was born in Antwerp. He decided to become a writer. He went to the University of Brussels to study Germanic languages. He was known for his books Gangreen 1 (Black Venus), Gangreen 2 (De Goede Moordenaar), Gangreen 3 (Het Teken van de Hond) and Gangreen 4 (Het Zevende Zegel).

Geeraerts died of a heart attack in Ghent at the age of 85.

Other websites

 Jef Geeraerts 

1930 births
2015 deaths
Belgian novelists
Cardiovascular disease deaths in Belgium
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Writers from Antwerp
Buck Henry

Henry Zuckerman (December 9, 1930 – January 8, 2020), credited as Buck Henry, was an American actor, writer, movie director, and television director. He was a cast member of Saturday Night Live.  He was nominated for an Academy Award twice, in 1968 for Best Adapted Screenplay for The Graduate and in 1979 for Best Director for Heaven Can Wait.

On January 8, 2020, Henry died from a heart attack at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles, California. He was 89.

References

Other websites

BAFTA Award winners
Emmy Award winners
1930 births
2020 deaths
American movie actors
American television actors
American television directors
Cardiovascular disease deaths in Los Angeles
Deaths from myocardial infarction
Movie directors from New York City
Screenwriters from New York City
Where Were You (When the World Stopped Turning)

"Where Were You (When the World Stopped Turning)" is a song written and recorded by American country music artist Alan Jackson.  It was written in honor of the September 11 attacks. It was introduced at the Country Music Association's annual awards show on November 7, 2001. 

It was released in November 2001 as the lead single from the album Drive, and reached the top of the U.S. Billboard country charts.

References

2001 songs
September 11 attacks
Maltese (dog)

The Maltese is a small dog that originated in Malta and brought around the Mediterranean. Phoenician traders may have brought precursors of this dog to Ancient Egypt. The tomb of Ramesses II contains  statues  of dogs, which resemble the Maltese. The name of the dog came from the island Malta. Maltese dogs are small, up to about  in length, and  in weight.

Dog breeds
Octocorallia

Octocorallia is a subclass of the Anthozoa in the phylum Cnidaria. There are over 3.000 different species.

These animals have an eight-fold symmetry. Most are colonial sessile polyps. Octocorallia look like the stony corals. Stony corals have a six-fold symmetry, and are classified in the group Hexacorallia. Unlike the stony corals, most Octocoralllia lack a lasting skeleton. For this reason, they do not build coral reefs. An older name for this group is Alcyonaria. 

Many species form symbioses with unicellular algae. Octocorallia have many enemies: For this reason, many are toxic, or they taste bad. Many species of the Octocorallia can reproduce both sexually and asexually: It is common to find a colony of Octocorallia, where most polyps have the same sex.

Cnidarians
Zoantharia

Zoantharia is an order of Anthozoa. Unlike the stony corals, these species do not have a hard skeleton. Most are very small. Some species form colonies.

Zoanthids can be distinguished from other colonial anthozoans and soft corals. Most of them (but not the family Zoanthidae) include sand and other bits of material in their tissue to help build their structure. The main characteristic of the order is that their tentacles are organised in two distinct rows.

Cnidarians
Persian couriers

Persian couriers were ancient mounted messengers (despatch riders) kept ready at regular stages throughout old Persia for carrying the royal despatches at the time of the Achaemenid Empire.

Terminology 
In Ancient Greek, Persian courier was called ἄγγαρος (ángaros, “Persian mounted courier”), whence Latin angarius, which is probably from an East Asian language (e.g., Sanskrit अजिरा (ajirā, “agile, swift”)). The word "angel" (ἄγγελος) is probably loaned from and related to Greek ἄγγαρος.

History 
In about 440 BC, Herodotus wrote in The Histories (book 8.98) about the Persian couriers:

Paraphrase of the Herodotus description was used by the United States Postal Service as a motto on the entrance to the Central Post Office building in New York City: "Neither snow, nor rain, nor heat, nor gloom of night stays these couriers from the swift completion of their appointed rounds."

Related pages 
 Achaemenid Empire
 Despatch rider
 Mailman

Notes

References

Other websites

 

Postal history
History of Persia
Samuil Blekhman

Samuil Markovich Blekhman (; 15 May 191826 July 1982) was a known philatelist (stamp collector) of the Soviet Union. He wrote many notable philatelic books and articles  about stamps and stamp collecting. Blekhman was born and lived much of his life in Moscow. He was trained and worked as an engineer. 

Blekhman's works were related to postal history and postage stamps of Tuva, Mongolia, Russia and Soviet Union. He also wrote works about airmail. Blekhman participated in prestigious national and international philatelic exhibitions. He won a number of top awards. One of his main philatelic writings was a detailed study of Tuva stamps and their cataloging. This work won a major award at the World Stamp Exhibition "PRAGA 1962". After Blekhman's death, it was translated and published in English.

Major works in English 
In addition to many Russian articles, Samuil Blekhman published philatelic papers in English:

Related pages 
 Tuva

References  

1918 births
1982 deaths
Jewish writers
Philatelists
Philately of the Soviet Union
Russian Jews
Soviet Jews
Soviet writers
Writers from Moscow
Andrew Young

Andrew Jackson Young (born March 12, 1932) is an American politician, diplomat, activist, and Congregationalist pastor  from Georgia. 

He has served as a Congressman from Georgia's 5th congressional district, the United States Ambassador to the United Nations, and Mayor of Atlanta. 

He served as President of the National Council of Churches USA, and was a member of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) during the Civil Rights Movement. He was a supporter and friend of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.

References

Other websites

Biography  in the New Georgia Encyclopedia
Oral History Interview with Andrew Young from Oral Histories of the American South
Andrew Young School of Policy Studies
Andy Young's oral history video excerpts at The National Visionary Leadership Project
Good Works International, founder
Andrew Young's federal campaign contribution report 

interview with Young on A Way Out of No Way: The Spiritual Memoirs of Andrew Young , Booknotes, April 3, 1994.

1932 births
Living people
African American politicians
American Calvinists
American civil rights activists
Mayors of Atlanta
Christian ministers
Congregationalists
Politicians from New Orleans, Louisiana
United States Ambassadors to the United Nations
United States representatives from Georgia
US Democratic Party politicians
Writers from Georgia (U.S. state)
Writers from New Orleans, Louisiana
Daniel Patrick Moynihan

Daniel Patrick Moynihan (March 16, 1927 – March 26, 2003) was an American politician and sociologist. He was a member of the Democratic Party.

He was first elected to the United States Senate for New York in 1976, and was re-elected three times (in 1982, 1988, and 1994). He declined to run for re-election in 2000. Moynihan was the United States' Ambassador to the United Nations and to India. He was a member of four successive presidential administrations, beginning with the administration of John F. Kennedy, and continuing through that of Gerald Ford.

Moyniham died of surgical complications at a Washington, D.C. hospital, aged 76.

References

Other websites

1927 births
2003 deaths
Deaths from surgical complications
United States Ambassadors to the United Nations
United States senators from New York
Politicians from Tulsa, Oklahoma
Scientists from Tulsa, Oklahoma
Scientists from New York City
Politicians from New York City
US Democratic Party politicians
Zalmay Khalilzad

Zalmay Mamozy Khalilzad (Pashto: زلمی خلیلزاد Zalmay Khalīlzād; born March 22, 1951) is a counselor at the Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) and president of Khalilzad Associates. He was the United States Ambassador to the United Nations under President George W. Bush from 2007 to 2009.

In October 2021, CNN reported that Zalmay Khalilzad, the United States' principal envoy for Afghanistan, will quit his post in Afghanistan, after the end of the withdrawal of American forces in Afghanistan.

References

Other websites

Articles
The Washington Post – Afghan Roots Keep Adviser Firmly in the Inner Circle 
US Mission to the UN – United States Ambassadors to the United Nations 
Current Biography August 2006 cover story
The New Yorker – American Viceroy
RFE/RL interview with Zalmay Khalilzad (May 18, 2007)
Zalmay.com, a profile view
Profile: Khalilzad, The Center for Cooperative Research
Video: Khalilzad discusses Iraq, Afghanistan and the Middle East 

United States Ambassadors to the United Nations
1951 births
Living people
Naturalized citizens of the United States
Educators from Washington, D.C.
Civil servants