cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Auld Alliance

The Auld Alliance (Scots) () is
an alliance between the kingdoms of Scotland and France. It played a major role in the relations between Scotland, France and England from its beginning in 1295 until the 1560 Treaty of Edinburgh. The alliance was renewed by all the French and Scottish monarchs of that period except for Louis XI. By the late 14th century, the treaty was renewed even when France or Scotland was not at war with England.

The alliance dates from the treaty signed by John Balliol and Philip IV of France in 1295 against Edward I of England. The treaty said that if either country was attacked by England, the other country would invade England. That happened at the Battle of Flodden Field, 1513. The alliance played an important role in conflicts between both countries and England, such as the Wars of Scottish Independence, the Hundred Years' War, the War of the League of Cambrai and the Rough Wooing.

Legacy 

In a speech which he delivered in Edinburgh in June 1942, Charles de Gaulle described the alliance between Scotland and France as "the oldest alliance in the world":
In every combat where for five centuries the destiny of France was at stake, there were always men of Scotland to fight side by side with men of France, and what Frenchmen feel is that no people have ever been more generous than yours with its friendship.
In 1995, celebrations were held in both countries for the 700th anniversary of the beginning of the alliance.

References

History of Scotland
History of France
13th century in Europe
14th century in Europe
15th century in Europe
16th century in Europe
Berwick

Berwick-upon-Tweed (historically known as South Berwick) is a border town in the north of England.

Berwick may also refer to:

Places

Australia 
Berwick, Victoria

Canada 
Berwick, Nova Scotia

United Kingdom

England 
Berwick Street Market, London
Berwick, Sussex
Berwick (Sussex) railway station
Berwick St John, Wiltshire

Scotland 
North Berwick, East Lothian, Scotland
Berwick Law, a hill situated to the south of the town
County of Berwick, a historic county in south-east Scotland

United States 
Berwick, Iowa
Berwick, Louisiana
Berwick, Maine, a town
Berwick (CDP), Maine, a census-designated place within the town
Berwick, Pennsylvania
Berwick Township, Adams County, Pennsylvania

People
Andrew Berwick, anglicised pseudonym of Norwegian terrorist Anders Behring Breivik
Baron Berwick, a title
Berwick (cricketer) (first name unknown)
Dennison Berwick (born 1956), author
Donald Berwick (born 1947), American professor of pediatrics and health care policy
Duke of Berwick, a title in the Peerage of England
James FitzJames, 1st Duke of Berwick (1670–1734)
Jeff Berwick (born 1970), Canadian businessperson and adventurer
Kester Berwick (1903–1992), Australian actor, playwright, and author
Nicola Berwick, (born in 1978) stunt actress
Stephan Berwick (born 1964), American author, martial artist, and actor
William Edward Hodgson Berwick (1888–1944), English mathematician

Other uses
Berwick (automobile), an electric car produced in 1904
Berwick Academy, a private college preparatory school located in South Berwick, Maine
Berwick cockle, a confectionery from Berwick upon Tweed
Berwick Prize in mathematics, named for William Edward Hodgson Berwick
Berwick Rangers F.C., a football team
HMS Berwick, the name of a number of Royal Navy ships
Aepyornis

Aepyornis is an Elephant bird, one of three genera of ratite birds endemic to Madagascar until their extinction about 1000 A.D. The species "A". maximus weighed up to , and until recently was regarded as the largest known bird of all time. However, in 2018 the largest Aepyornis specis, weighing up to , was moved to the related genus Vorombe.

References

Flightless birds
Ratites
Fossils
Megafauna
Sosigenes the Peripatetic

Sosigenes the Peripatetic was a philosopher who lived in the 2nd century AD. He followed the Aristotelian school of thought, and was one of the first people to write interpretations and commentaries to Aristotle's work.

He was the tutor of Alexander of Aphrodisias, and wrote a work On Revolving Spheres. On 4th September 164 AD, he watched an 'annular' solar eclipse. He noticed that, unlike a total solar eclipse, the apparent size of the moon was smaller than that of the sun. This meant the distances between the sun, moon and earth were not the same at different eclipses. For this reason, sun and moon could not be on a circular movement around the same centre.

This was a significant discovery. It pinpointed a difficulty with the theory that the earth was the centre of the known universe. Much later, Nicolaus Copernicus used the same idea when he proposed a heliocentric view. In this view, the earth, moon and the planets rotate around the sun, which does not move.

Ancient Greek astronomers
Lara Flynn Boyle

Lara Flynn Boyle (born March 24, 1970 in Davenport, Iowa) is an American movie and television actress. She is known for many movie roles. She is best known for her roles in television programs. Her television work includes The Practice and Twin Peaks.

1970 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
Actors from Davenport, Iowa
Harriet Arbuthnot

Harriet Arbuthnot (10 September 1793 – 2 August 1834) was an English diarist, a social observer and a political hostess on behalf of the Tory Party during the 1820s. She was the closest female friend to the hero of the Battle of Waterloo and British Prime Minister, 1st Duke of Wellington.

1793 births
1834 deaths
English writers
Diarists
Jos Luhukay

Jos Luhukay (born 13 June 1963 in Venlo, Netherlands) is a Dutch football coach and former player. He played for different teams in Germany and the Netherlands. After the end of his career he became coach. Since 2016 he is coach of VfB Stuttgart.

1963 births
Living people
Dutch football managers
Dutch footballers
People from Venlo
Sportspeople from Limburg (Netherlands)
KFC Uerdingen 05 managers
Hertha BSC managers
Pope Sixtus V

Pope Sixtus V (; 13 December 1520 – 27 August 1590), born Felice Peretti di Montalto, was an Italian priest of the Roman Catholic Church and the 228th Pope from 1585 to 1590.

Early life
Felice Peretti was born in December 1520 at Grottammare  in the province of Ascoli Piceno.

Monk
In 1547, Peretti was ordained.

Peretti became a Franciscan; and in 1560, he became Apostolic vicar of his order.

In 1565, Pope Pius IV assigned Peretti to work with Cardinal Buoncompagni (who would become Pope Gregory XIII); but they did not work well together.

Bishop
In 1566 Pope Pius V made Peretti Bishop of Sant' Agata dei Goti in the Kingdom of Naples.

Cardinal
In 1570, Peretti was raised to the rank of cardinal.

After the election of Gregory XIII, Peretti withdrew from public activities.

Pope
Cardinal di Montalto was elected pope in 1585; and he chose the name Sixtus V.

During the reign of Sixtus V, the dome of St Peter's Basilica was completed;. The external dome was covered with lead and the bands were covered with bronze gilt.

A building for the Vatican Library was constructed.

The investment in public works included the loggia of Sixtus in the Basilica of St. John Lateran; the chapel of the Praesepe in Santa Maria Maggiore; additions and repairs to the Quirinal Palace, Lateran Palace and Vatican Palace; the erection of four obelisks (including the one in the Piazza of St Peter's; the opening of six streets; and the restoration of the aqueduct of Severus (Acqua Felice).

Related pages
 List of popes

References

Other websites

 
  Catholic Hierarchy, Sixtus V
  Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church, Cardinal Peretti Montalto

Italian popes
1520 births
1590 deaths
Franciscans
Lacewing

Lacewings, or 'Green lacewings', are insects in the large family Chrysopidae of the order Neuroptera. There are about 85 genera and (differing between sources) 1,300–2,000 species in this widespread group. However, in America and Europe, the two genera Chrysopa and Chrysoperla are very common.

Most species of lacewings and their larvae are active predators, and are often used for biological control. 

Many adults of Chrysopa can defend themselves by giving out a vile smell from glands at the front of their thorax.

They have 'ears' at the base of their front wings. When they hear bat echolocation sounds, they close their wings and drop down. They can escape spider webs, because, being so light, they  do not create much vibration to alert the spider. Instead of struggling like most insects, the lacewing bites through the strands holding its legs and antennae. When it is stuck only by its wings, it become completely immobile. Slowly, the lacewing slides downwards out of the web. Tiny hairs on the wings prevent the sticky spider silk from touching the wings' surface. 

The larvae are voracious, attacking other insects of suitable size, especially soft-bodied ones (aphids, caterpillars and other insect larvae, insect eggs). When they touch a potential prey object, the larva grasps it. Their maxillae are hollow, and inject a digestive secretion into the prey. The organs of an aphid can be dissolved by this in 90 seconds.

References 

Neuroptera
Emma Thompson

Dame Emma Thompson  (born 15 April 1959) is a British screenwriter, actress and comedian. She was born in Paddington, London, the elder daughter of Eric Thompson and Phyllida Law. She was raised in West Hampstead. Her sister is Sophie Thompson.  

Thompson has a Master of Arts degree from Newnham College, Cambridge.

She has won many Academy Awards for her acting. Her many movies include the Harry Potter franchise and the Nancy McPhee series. She has also won many BAFTA Awards.

Thompson was married to Kenneth Branagh from 1989 until they divorced in 1995. She has been married to Greg Wise since 2003.

References

Other websites

1959 births
Living people
Academy Award winning actors
Academy Award winning writers
Actors from London
Alumni of the University of Cambridge
BAFTA Award winning actors
British screenwriters
British television writers
Emmy Award winning actors
English movie actors
English stage actors
English television actors
English voice actors
Golden Globe Award winning actors
Golden Globe Award winning writers
People from Hampstead
Screenwriters from London
Knights and Dames Commander of the Order of the British Empire
What's Love Got to Do with It

"What's Love Got to Do with It" is the second single released in May 1984. It is from Tina Turner's album, Private Dancer. The song is a pop rock and soul song written by Graham Lyle and Terry Britten.  Britten produced the song.

It became Turner's most successful song. It reached number one on the Billboard Hot 100 in the US, in Australia, and  the top five in New Zealand, Austria, Sweden, and the United Kingdom. The title of this song was used for a 1993 biographical movie that was distributed by TriStar Pictures.

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

Decade-end charts

All-time charts

References

1984 songs
Grammy Award winning songs
Little Children (movie)

Little Children is a 2006 drama movie based on the novel of the same name. Actress Kate Winslet plays a reluctant housewife and mother from Boston in the film.

Cast
 Kate Winslet as Sarah Pierce
 Patrick Wilson as Brad Adamson
 Jennifer Connelly as Katherine "Kathy" Adamson
 Jackie Earle Haley as Ronald "Ronnie" James McGorvey
 Noah Emmerich as Larry Hedges
 Phyllis Somerville as May McGorvey
 Gregg Edelman as Richard Pierce
 Ty Simpkins as Aaron Adamson
 Sadie Goldstein as Lucy Pierce
 Jane Adams as Sheila
 Raymond J. Barry as Bullhorn Bob
 Trini Alvarado as Theresa
 Marsha Dietlein as Cheryl
 Mary B. McCann as Mary Ann
 Rebecca Schull as Laurel
 Chadwick Brown as Tony Correnti
 Adam Mucci as Richie Murphy
 Chance Kelly as Pete Olaffson
 Lola Pashalinski as Bridget
 Hunter Reid as Christian
 Sarah Buxton as Slutty Kay
 Will Lyman (uncredited) as Narrator
 Thomas Greaney as Troy

Reception
Reviews of Little Children were mostly positive.  The movie got an 80% rating from the Rotten Tomatoes.

Top ten lists
Little Children was listed on many critics' top ten lists.

 1st – Kevin Crust, Los Angeles Times
 2nd – Mick LaSalle, San Francisco Chronicle
 3rd – Michael Phillips, Chicago Tribune
 3rd – Dennis Harvey, Variety
 4th – James Berardinelli, Reelviews
 4th – J.R. Jones, Chicago Reader
 5th – Peter Hartlaub, San Francisco Chronicle
 6th – Frank Scheck, The Hollywood Reporter
 8th – Shawn Levy, Portland Oregonian
 9th – A.O. Scott, New York Times
 10th – William Arnold, Seattle Post-Intelligencer
 10th – Richard Schickel, Time
 Top 10 (listed alphabetically) – Carina Chocano, Los Angeles Times
 Top 10 (listed alphabetically) – Ruthe Stein, San Francisco Chronicle
 Top 10 (listed alphabetically) – Steven Rea, Philadelphia Inquirer
 Best of 2006 (listed alphabetically, not ranked) – David Denby, The New Yorker

Accolades

References

2006 drama movies
American drama movies
Movies based on books
English-language movies
American independent movies
Pierre Gamarra

Pierre Gamarra (Toulouse, July 10, 1919 – Argenteuil, May 20, 2009) was a French writer. He was a poet and novelist. He is famous for his poems and novels for the children. Pierre Gamarra also worked for a literary magazine, Europe.

Life
Gamarra was born in Toulouse in 1919. From 1938 to 1940, he was a teacher in the south of France. He became a journalist in 1944.

In 1948, he received an international prize for his novel The Fiery House.

In 1951, he began working for the literary magazine Europe.

Gamarra died in 2009 in Argenteuil, near Paris, at age 89.

Books 
Most of Gamarra's novels are set in the southwest of France. That is the region where is was born.

Gamarra's books are not yet translated into English. His poems are well known by French schoolchildren. Examples are My Schoolbag () or The Cosmonaut and his host ().

Sources
 Interview with Pierre Gamarra: Tohoku University Faculty of Letters Bulletin, 27 (Year 2006), Sendai, Japan
 Encyclopedia Britannica: "Children's literature"
 Encyclopedia Universalis: "Pierre Gamarra"

1919 births
2009 deaths
Children's writers
French novelists
French poets
People from Toulouse
Pre-frontal cortex

The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is the front part of the frontal lobes of the brain. It lies in front of the motor and premotor areas.

This brain region helps plan complex cognitive behaviours, personality expression, and decision making. It helps correct social behaviour. The basic activity of this brain region is to bring together thoughts and actions to help achieve internal goals.

The most typical psychological term for functions carried out by the prefrontal cortex area is executive function. This is the ability to work out conflicting thoughts. It determines good and bad, better and best, same and different, consequences of current activities, working toward a goal, prediction of outcomes, and expectation of results. Critical is 'social control': the ability to suppress urges which, if not suppressed, could lead to socially unacceptable outcomes.

Many authors have indicated an integral link between a person's personality and the functions of the prefrontal cortex.

References 

Anatomy of the brain
Pest (biology)

A pest is an animal which harms humans or human concerns. It is a loosely defined term; it overlaps with the terms vermin, weeds, parasites and pathogens. In its broadest sense, a pest is a competitor of humanity.

Top ten pests 
According to BBC News Science & Environment, these are among the top ten pests of plants:  Fungi are prominent in their list, and it is more usual to call them pathogens.
Desert locust Schistocerca gregaria
Rubber blight Microcyclus ulei
Corn root worm Diabrotica virgifera virgifera
Potato blight Phytophthora infestans, an Oomycete
Khapra beetle Trogoderma granarium
Mountain pine beetle Dendroctonus ponderosae
Wheat stem rust Puccinia graminis tritici
Colorado beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata

Serious beetle pests 
Emerald ash borer
Boll weevil
Maize weevil
cotton weevil:

References 

Biology
António Egas Moniz

António Egas Moniz (António Caetano de Abreu Freire Egas Moniz, 29 November 1874 – 13 December 1955), known as Egas Moniz, was a Portuguese neurologist.

He developed cerebral angiography, a technique to visualise the blood vessels in and around the brain. This technique is widely used today. He also developed the surgical procedure leucotomy, also known as lobotomy. This technique is now rarely used.

Antonio Egas is highly regarded. He became the first Portuguese national to receive a Nobel Prize when, in 1949, he shared it with Walter Rudolf Hess.

He held academic positions, wrote many medical articles and also served in several legislative and diplomatic posts in the Portuguese government. In 1911 he became professor of neurology in Lisbon until his retirement in 1944. At the same time, he pursued a demanding political career.

References 

1874 births
1955 deaths
Portuguese scientists
Physicians
Neurologists
Puddle of Mudd

Puddle of Mudd is an American rock band from Kansas City, Missouri. Puddle of Mudd has five members in the band; the current band members are Wes Scantlin, Paul Phillips, Doug Ardito, Shannon Boone and Dizzi Devereux.

Band members 

Current
Wes Scantlin – lead vocals, rhythm guitar (1992-1999, 2000–present)
Doug Ardito – bass guitar, backing vocals (2000–2010, 2011–present)
Paul Phillips – lead guitar (2000–2005), (2009–present)
Dizzi Devereux – guitar (2011–present)
Shannon Boone – drums (2011–present)

Former
Ryan Yerdon – drums (2005–2011)
Damien Starkey – bass guitar, backing vocals (2010)
Christian Stone – lead guitar, backing vocals (2006–2009)
Jimmy Allen – lead guitar (2005–2006)
Greg Upchurch – drums (2000–2005; 2011 [studio only])
Sean Sammon - bass (1992–2000)
Kenny Burkitt - drums (1992–2000)

Discography

Studio albums
Come Clean (2001)
Life on Display (2003)
Famous (2007)
Volume 4: Songs in the Key of Love & Hate (2009)

EPs
Stuck (1994)

Compilation albums
Icon (2010)

References

Other websites 
Official website

American hard rock bands
Grunge bands
Post-grunge bands
Musical groups from Missouri
Pope Julius III

Pope Julius III (; 10 September 1487 – 23 March 1555), born Giovanni Maria Ciocchi del Monte, was an Italian priest of the Roman Catholic Church and the 222nd Pope from February 1550 until his death in 1555.

Early life
Giovanni Maria Ciocchi del Monte was born in Rome in 1487.  

Ciocchi del Monte studied law at the University of Perugia and the University of Siena.

Bishop
In 1512, Ciocchi del Monte became Archbishop of Siponto (Manfredonia) in Apulia.

Inm 1520, he was made Bishop of Pavia.

Cardinal
Pope Paul III made Ciocchi del Monte a Cardinal in 1536.  He became Cardinal-Bishop of Palestrina in 1543. 

He participated in the Council of Trent.

Pope
Cardinal Ciocchi del Monte was elected pope on 7 February 1550.

Pope Julius was involved in Italian and European political disputes.

Pope Julius re-opened the Council of Trent.

Related pages
 List of popes

References

Bibliography
  
  

 Bayle, Pierre. "Jules III." Dictionnaire historique et critique. Vol. 15. Paris: Desoer, 1820.
 Burkle-Young, Francis A., and Michael Leopoldo Doerrer. The Life of Cardinal Innocenzo del Monte: A Scandal in Scarlet. Lewiston, N.Y.: Edwin Mellen, 1997.
 Dall'Orto, Giovanni. "Julius III." Who's Who in Gay and Lesbian History from Antiquity to World War II. Robert Aldrich and Garry Wotherspoon, eds. London: Routledge, 2001. 234-35.
 Kelly, J. N. D. The Oxford Dictionary of Popes. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1986.

Other websites

  Catholic Hierarchy, Julius III
  Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church,  Cardinal Ciocchi del Monte

People from Rome
Italian popes
1487 births
1555 deaths
Pope Celestine IV

Pope Celestine IV (; died 10 November 1241 in Rome), born Goffredo Castiglione, was an Italian cleric of the Roman Catholic Church and the 180th Pope for two weeks from October 25, 1241 to November 10, 1241.

Early life
Goffredo Castiglione was born in Milan, but the date of birth is unknown.

Castiglione became a Cistercian monk.

Cardinal
Pope Gregory IX made Castiglione a cardinal on September 18, 1227. 

In 1238, he was made Bishop of Sabina.

Pope
Cardinal Castiglione was elected on October 25, 1241; and he chose to be called Pope Celestine IV.  His reign lasted only seventeen days.

After his death
He died on November 10, 1241; and he was buried in St Peter's. The exact location of his tomb has been lost.

Related pages
 List of popes
List of popes by length of reign

References

Other websites

 
  Catholic Hierarchy,  Pope in sequence
  Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church, Cardinal Castiglione

Italian popes
12th-century births
Celestine IV
Natalie Wood

Natalie Wood (July 20, 1938 – November 29, 1981) was an American actress.

Early life
Natalie Wood's parents were Russian immigrants Nikolai Stepanovich Zakharenko and Maria Stepanovna. Her parents moved to Santa Rosa, California. The family moved to Los Angeles. Wood began a career there. Her younger sister, Svetlana Zacharenko also became an actress using the stage name Lana Wood.

Career
In the 1950s, Wood became a teen idol. When she shot the movie Rebel Without a Cause with James Dean, she was 16 years old. She got an Oscar nomination for Best Supporting Actress for the role as Judy in this movie. She got a Golden Globe Award nomination in the category New Star Of The Year – Actress.

Her most successful role was as "Maria" in the movie West Side Story in 1961.

Personal life
Wood was married to Robert Wagner from 1957 to 1962. She was married to Richard Gregson for a short time. They had a daughter, Natasha Gregson Wagner. In 1972, Wood and Wagner married again.

Death
In 1981, Wood worked on the movie Brainstorm with Christopher Walken. During a boat trip with Walken and her husband Robert Wagner, she drowned near Santa Catalina Island, California. She is buried in Westwood Village Memorial Park Cemetery.

Other websites 

Accidental deaths by drowning in the United States
Actors from San Francisco
American child actors
American movie actors
American television actors
Golden Globe Award winning actors
1938 births
1981 deaths
Khapra beetle

The Khapra beetle (Trogoderma granarium), which originated in South Asia, is one of the world’s most destructive pests of grain products and seeds. It is considered one of the 100 worst invasive species in the world.  Infestations are difficult to control because of the insect's ability to survive without food for long periods, its preference for dry conditions and low-moisture food, and its resistance to many insecticides. There is a federal quarantine restricting the importation of rice into the U.S,. from countries with known infestations of the beetle.

References 

Polyphaga
Agricultural pests
Wyandot people

The Wyandot people (also called Wendats or Huron) are a tribe of Native Americans. Samuel de Champlain traded fur with them. In the 17th and 18th centuries they were allies of New France, and enemies of the Iroquois and New Netherland and New York.

The Wyandots signed the Treaty of Detroit on November 17 in the year 1807. They signed it with other Native Americans from three other tribes called the Odawa, Ojibwe and Potawatomi. The tribes gave up areas of Michigan and Ohio to the United States to own.

References

Native American
Occupy movement

Occupy movement are an international protest group which are directed against social or economic inequality. The movement model itself after the New York City based movement network Occupy Wall Street. These protests were ongoing all across the world in 2011.

Protests in the 2010s
2011
Political movements
Multivalued function

A multivalued function (multifunction) is a relation like a function.  A multifunction associates each input with at least one output.  A strict function associates each input with exactly one output.  An example of a multivalued function is the square root.  Every complex number (except for 0), has two square roots.  Example:  could be 2 or -2 because  and .

References 

Functions and mappings
Ball Arena

Ball Arena is a sports arena in Denver, Colorado. The arena opened on October 1, 1999, and is the current home to the Colorado Avalanche of the National Hockey League (NHL), the Denver Nuggets of the National Basketball Association (NBA) and the Colorado Mammoth of the National Lacrosse League (NLL). Ball Corporation currently has naming rights for the arena. The arena currently seats 19,155 for basketball and 18,007 for hockey and lacrosse.

The arena had opened as Pepsi Center after PepsiCo bought the naming rights. The rights contract expired in 2020, and a new deal was signed with Ball Corporation, a company based in nearby Broomfield that makes packaging and aerospace products.

References

Other websites
Official website

Sports buildings in the United States
Sports in Denver, Colorado
Buildings and structures in Colorado
1999 establishments in the United States
1990s establishments in Colorado
Colorado Avalanche
Tacit programming

Tacit programming (or point-free programming) is the style of programming functions where the parameter is not mentioned.  Instead, the functions are defined using combinators and higher-level abstractions like map (which applies a function to each element of a list). It is commonly used in functional programming languages like Haskell.

Related pages
 Anonymous function
 Function (mathematics)
 Lambda calculus
 Combinatory logic

References 

Computer programming
Functions and mappings
FLA Live Arena

FLA Live Arena is a sports arena in Sunrise, Florida. It opened on October 3, 1998. It is the current home to the Florida Panthers of the National Hockey League (NHL). 

The arena was also known as the Broward County Civic Arena in 1998, the National Car Rental Center from 1998 to 2002, Office Depot Center from 2002 to 2005, BankAtlantic Center from 2005 to 2012, and BB&T Center from 2012 to 2021.

The most recent name change was in September 2021, when the naming rights contract between the arena and the financial services company BB&T ran out. By that time, BB&T had merged with SunTrust Banks to form Truist Financial Corporation. The merged company decided to not renew the naming rights agreement, and the arena now has the temporary name of FLA Live Arena until a new rights partner is found.

The arena currently seats 20,737 for basketball and 17,040 for hockey. The arena was also home to the Florida Pit Bulls of the ABA from 2005 to 2006 and the Florida Bobcats of the AFL from 1999 to 2001.

References

Other websites
Official website

Sports buildings in Florida
Buildings and structures in Miami, Florida
1998 establishments in the United States
1990s establishments in Florida
Florida Panthers
Da Nang International Airport

Da Nang International Airport is an airport in Da Nang, Central Vietnam. It is the third biggest airport in Vietnam. The French government built the airport in 1930s. During the Vietnam War, the airport was upgraded. It has two terminals (old and new ones) and two runways. There are international air routes to some Asian countries like China, Thailand, Singapore, Malaysia, Taiwan and South Korea.

Airports in Vietnam
1930s establishments in Asia
20th century establishments in Vietnam
WSG Wattens

WSG Wattens is an Austrian football club from Wattens, a town in the state of Tyrol. They play in the Austrian Bundesliga, the top league of Austrian football.

History
The club was founded in 1930 and played under different names.
SC Wattens (1930-53)
 SV Wattens (1953-71)
 WSG Wattens (1984-2019)
 WSG Swarowski Tirol (2019-2021)
 WSG Tirol (2021- )

Between 1971 and 1984  the club was united with  FC Wacker Innsbruck to form SSW Innsbruck. This team was very successful. They reached the championship five times. From 1984 onwards they played in the Austrian Regional League West and the second tier First League. 2002 they merged with FC Wacker Tirol, so this new founded club was able to play in the Regionalliga. After the promotion the merger was dissolved. In the 2010/11 season they reached the second place and played two relegation matches versus Blau-Weiß Linz, the champion of the Regionalliga Mitte. They lost in the penalty shooting and Linz was promoted to the First League.

In 2019 they were promoted to the Bundesliga. After promotion they changed the name to WSG Swarowski Tirol. In 2021 Swarovski ended its sponsorship and the name was removed from the club's name so they play under the name WSG Tirol.

Current squad

Coaching staff
 Thomas Silberberger Headcoach
 Martin Svejnoha Assistant coach
 Manuel Ludwiger Assistant coach
 Hermann Steinlechner Goalkeeper coach
 Simon Beccari Goalkeeper coach

Honours

 Austrian Second Division (West):
 Winners (1): 1968

 Austrian Third Division (West):
 Winners (4): 1989, 1995, 1999, 2003

References

Austrian football clubs
Football clubs of Tyrol
Jonathan Brandis

Jonathan Gregory Brandis (13 April 1976 - 12 November 2003) was an American actor, director and screenwriter. He was born in Danbury, Connecticut. 

Beginning his career as a child model. His acting career was begun around 1982. Brandis made guest appearances in TV programs, including The Wonder Years and Full House. He appeared in many movies. He appeared in the miniseries It. 

On November 12, 2003 the actor hanged himself and died in hospital.

Personal life
Brandis dated Tatyana Ali from 1995 until 1998. She is an American R&B singer and actress.

1976 births
2003 deaths
Actors from Connecticut
Actors who committed suicide
American movie actors
American television actors
Suicides by hanging in the United States
Screenwriters from Connecticut
Danielle Fishel

Danielle Christine Fishel (born May 5, 1981) is an American actress and television personality. She is best known for starring in the television sitcom Boy Meets World, as well as it's 2014 successor "Girl Meets World" She has also been in several movies.

American movie actors
American television actors
American television personalities
People from Mesa, Arizona
Actors from Arizona
1981 births
Living people
Pope Celestine V

Pope Celestine V(; 1215 – 19 May 1296), born Pietro Angelerio di Morrone,  was an Italian cleric of the Roman Catholic Church and the 193rd Pope for less than six months in 1294.

Celestine V is a saint of the Catholic Church.

Early life
Pietro Angelerio was born in the Neopolitan province of Moline.

Priest
In 1232, Angelerio became a Benedictine monk at age 17; and he was later ordained a priest.

Pope

In July 1294, the monk was elected pope; and in the same year, he abdicated or resigned from his office.

Pope Boniface VIII confined the former pope in the castle of Fumone, and he died there.

After his death
In 1313, Celestine was made a saint by Pope Clement V.

Related pages
 List of popes
 Abdication

References

Other websites

 
  Catholic Hierarchy, Pope Celestine V

Italian popes
1215 births
1296 deaths
Benedictines
Pub rock (UK)

Pub rock is a rock music genre that developed in the mid-1970s in the United Kingdom.

Pub rock was a reaction against progressive and glam rock.  Pub rock was short-lived, but it helped return live rock to small pubs and clubs. Its basic style of playing inspired the British punk rock scene.

Related pages
 Garage rock

References

This article contains material from the English Wikipedia.

Rock music
Hurricane Lili (2002)

Hurricane Lili was the strongest hurricane during the 2002 Atlantic hurricane season in terms of winds. However, Hurricane Isidore was actually stronger in terms of barometric pressure. Lili had winds of 145 miles an hour at her peak. Thirteen people were killed because of this hurricane over the Caribbean islands. The storm hit Louisiana as a Category One hurricane with winds between 90 and 100 miles an hour. There were no direct deaths in the United States, though two indirect deaths did happen due to Lili. Property damage totaled between $750 million and $1.5 billion, making Lili the costliest of the season. The name Lili was later retired and replaced by Laura.

Hurricanes in the United States
2002 Atlantic hurricane season
2002 in the United States
2000s in Louisiana
Hurricanes in Louisiana
Nord-Est (development region)

Nord-Est (North East) or Nord-Est Moldova is a development region in Romania.

Counties
The Nord-Est region is made up of these counties:

Economy
The economy of Nord-Est region is mainly agricultural, especially towards the north, even though there are many industrial cities, especially Iaşi, Bacău and Suceava. The regional GDP per capita is the lowest in Romania, at about two-thirds of the national average. Botoşani and Vaslui are sometimes thought to be the poorest counties in Romania. However, Iaşi, the largest city in Nord-Est is one of the rich cities of the region. The region's richest counties are, in order, Iaşi, Bacău, Suceava, Neamţ, Vaslui and Botoşani.

Demographics
In total, 3,371,909 people (2011 Census) live in Nord-Est. This makes it the region in the country with the most people. Its population density is 91.25/km².

As of 2002 the region has a big amount of Romanians, of 97.9%, with the second largest group being the Roma, who make up 1.2% of the population. Other groups, including Ukrainians, make up the rest of the population (0.9%).

Romanian is the most-spoken language. It is spoken as a first language by 98.7% of the people who live in the region. Traditional languages include Romany, spoken by 0.6% of the population, and Ukrainian (0.3%).

References 

http://www.insse.ro/cms/files%5Cstatistici%5Ccomunicate%5CRPL%5CInformare_1nov2011.pdf

Other websites 
http://www.adrnordest.ro/

Development regions of Romania
Vest (development region)

Vest (English: West) or Vest-Banat is a development region in Romania. It was created in 1998. Its main jobs are organising regional development projects and managing money that they are sent by the European Union.

Population

References 

http://www.insse.ro/cms/files%5Cstatistici%5Ccomunicate%5CRPL%5CInformare_1nov2011.pdf

Other websites 
 http://www.adr5vest.ro/ 

Development regions of Romania
Hurricane Hanna

Hurricane Hanna was the deadliest tropical cyclone of the 2008 Atlantic hurricane season. The storm caused 537 deaths across the Caribbean, the Bahamas and United States. The winds peaked around 80 miles per hour as the storm went on. Hanna struck eastern South Carolina as a strong tropical storm and moved up the United States East Coast. Despite being extremely deadly, the name Hanna was not retired.

Deadly storms
2008 Atlantic hurricane season
Hurricanes in Haiti
Hurricanes in New England
Hurricanes in North Carolina
Hurricanes in South Carolina
Hurricanes in Virginia
Hurricanes in New York
Centru (development region)

Centru (Centre) is a development region in Romania.

Population
2,306,540 people live in Centru. (2011 Census). Its population density is 67.6/km².

As of  2002, the region had the most different kinds of people living in it in Romania. Ethnic Romanians were 65.4% of the population. Hungarians were 29.9%. Roma were 4%. Most of the Hungarian people live in the counties of Harghita and Covasna. In those two counties they are the majority.

References 

Development regions of Romania
Sud-Est (development region)

Sud-Est (South East) is a development region in Romania.

Source:

References 

Development regions of Romania
Sud (development region)

Sud (South) or Sud-Muntenia is a development region in Romania. The capital of the South Development Region is Călăraşi.

Source:

References 

Development regions of Romania
Bucharest-Ilfov (development region)

The Bucharest-Ilfov development region is a development region in Romania. It includes the national capital, Bucharest, and Ilfov County. As a development region, it does not have any administrative powers. It coordinates regional development projects and manages funds from the European Union. It is also used for regional statistical analysis at the European Union NUTS-II level.

Source:

References 

Development regions of Romania
Sud-Vest (development region)

Sud-Vest (South West) or Sud-Vest Oltenia is a development region in Romania. It almost the same area as the historic region of Oltenia. It is called sometimes Regiunea de dezvoltare Sud-Vest Oltenia.

Source:

References 

 Description of the region South-West (in Romanian)

Development regions of Romania
The Doobie Brothers

The Doobie Brothers are an American pop rock group. They began in 1970. They are based in Northern California. They have released many singles.

Discography 
 The Doobie Brothers (1971)
 Toulouse Street (1972)
 The Captain and Me (1973)
 What Were Once Vices Are Now Habits (1974)
 Stampede (1975)
 Takin' It to the Streets (1976)
 Livin' on the Fault Line (1977)
 Minute by Minute (1978)
 One Step Closer (1980)
 Cycles (1989)
 Brotherhood (1991)
 Sibling Rivalry (2000)
 World Gone Crazy (2010)
 Southbound (2014)

References

1970 establishments in the United States 
1970s American music groups
1980s American music groups
1990s American music groups
2000s American music groups
2010s American music groups
American pop rock bands
Musical groups established in 1970
Musical groups from California
San Jose, California
Warner Bros. Records artists
Lady Macbeth

Lady Macbeth is a fictional character in William Shakespeare's play Macbeth (c.1603–1607). She is the wife to the play's main character, Macbeth, a Scottish nobleman. After talking him into killing the king, she becomes Queen of Scotland. Later, she feels bad about her part in the crime. She dies off-stage in the last act. This is thought to be suicide.

The idea for the character came from Kings Duff and Duncan in Holinshed's Chronicles (1587), a history of Britain familiar to Shakespeare. Shakespeare's Lady Macbeth appears to be made up of two personalities in Holinshed's work. These are Donwald's nagging, murderous wife in the account of King Duff and Macbeth's ambitious wife in the account of King Duncan.

More information
 Lady MacBeth and the Daemonologie of Hysteria
 Some Character-Types Met with in Psycho-Analytic Work
 Women's Fantasy of Manhood: A Shakespearian Theme

Other websites
 Macbeth: Folio Version 
 Macbeth: Full-text online
 List of all appearances and all mentions of Lady Macbeth in the play.

Characters in Shakespeare's plays
Pope Celestine III

Pope Celestine III  (; 1106 – 8 January 1198), born Giacinto Bobone, was an Italian cleric of the Roman Catholic Church and the 176th Pope from 1191 until his death in 1198.

Early life
He was born into the noble Orsini family in Rome.

Cardinal
In 1145, he is raised to the rank of cardinal.

Pope 
Cardinal Bobone was elected pope on March 30, 1191; and he chose to be called Celestine III.

Pope Celestine was involved in Italian and European political disputes.  He crowned the Holy Roman Emperor Henry VI.  He excommunicated Duke Leopold of Austria and King Alonso IX of Leon.

After becoming pope, he was ordained a priest on April 13, 1191.

Related pages
 List of popes
 List of popes from the Orsini family

References

Further reading
 Doran, John and Damian J. Smith. (2008). Pope Celestine III (1191-1198): Diplomat and Pastor.  Aldershot: Ashgate Publishing. ;  OCLC 421373762

Other websites

 

Italian popes
1106 births
1198 deaths
Jacques Lacan

Jacques Lacan (Paris, 13 April 1901 – Paris, 9 September 1981) was a French psychoanalyst and psychiatrist. He added new ideas to psychoanalysis and philosophy. Some of these ideas are the mirror stage, the three orders of subjectivity (the Imaginary, the Symbolic, and the Real), the object little a and jouissance. He talked every year at seminars from 1953 to 1981. In the 1960s and 1970s, he influenced many French intellectuals. He also talked about going back to the ideas of Sigmund Freud. He called himself a Freudian (follower of Freud).

References

French people
Psychiatrists
1901 births
1981 deaths
Primo Levi

Primo Levi (31 July 1919 – 11 April 1987) was an Italian Jewish chemist and writer. He was the author of two novels and many short stories, poems and essays. His best-known book is If This Is a Man, a true story about his time as a prisoner in the Auschwitz concentration camp during World War II.

Levi was an atheist and born in Turin.

Partial bibliography
 Se questo è un uomo (If This Is a Man, 1947 and 1958)
 La tregua (The Truce, 1963)
 Il sistema periodico (The Periodic Table, 1975)
 La chiave a stella (The Wrench, 1978)
 La ricerca delle radici (The Search for Roots: A Personal Anthology, 1981)
 Se non ora, quando? (If Not Now, When?, 1984)
 L'altrui mestiere (Other People's Trades, 1985)
 I sommersi e i salvati (The Drowned and the Saved, 1986)

References 

1919 births
1987 deaths
Chemists‏
Holocaust survivors
Italian atheists
Italian Jews
Italian poets
Italian writers
Jewish atheists
Jewish scientists
Jewish writers
Jews who committed suicide
People from Turin
Suicides by jumping
Panic disorder

Panic disorder is an anxiety disorder involving panic attacks. In addition, big changes in behavior might happen in at least one month, and the person might keep worrying about having other attacks. Panic disorder is a serious condition that can happen at any age. It can be treated with psychotherapy and antidepressants.
 

Anxiety disorders
Generalized anxiety disorder

Generalized anxiety disorder is an anxiety disorder. It is excessive and irrational worry of everyday things. This worry tends to interfere with normal daily functioning. People who have GAD anticipate disasters and they are always concerned about health matters, money, death, their own futures or family trouble. Physical issues may include trembling, numbness, muscle tension, sweating or hot flashes for at least six months.

GAD affects 6.8 million adults, or 3.1% of the U.S. population, in any given year. Women are twice as likely to be affected. The disorder comes on gradually. It can begin at any time. The risk is highest between childhood and middle age. The exact cause of GAD is unknown. Biological factors, family background, and stressful life experiences play a role.

Every year in Australia, about 14% of the population (1 in 7) have an anxiety condition. It is estimated that just under three per cent have GAD. Nearly six per cent of the population have GAD in their lifetime.

Benzodiazepines are one of the medications used to treat this disorder. There is a risk for misuse and addiction. Some types of benzodiazepines are quick-acting and may be used to manage symptoms, but can also lead to abuse or self-medication.

Causes 
As with many mental health conditions, the cause of generalized anxiety disorder likely arises from many causes.

 Differences in brain chemistry and function
 Genetics
 Differences in the way threats are perceived
 Development and personality
 Genuinely stressful life situations

Home remedies 
 Exercise 
 Yoga
 A healthy diet
 Getting enough sleep
 Avoiding caffeine
 Avoiding alcohol and other drugs
 Meditation
 Biofeedback
 Relaxation techniques such as deep breathing

References
SVG Reichenau

SVG Reichenau is a sportsclub from Reichenau, a suburb of Innsbruck, Tyrol. The football club is playing in the 4th Austrian league, the UPC Tirol Liga. Other departments are  Taekwondo and different sparetime sports like cycling and skiing. The club was founded in 1976. The colours are red, white and black.

History
The football team started in 1976 in the lowest class of Tyrol. After three championsships from 1983 till 1985 they were promoted into the higher classes. 1995 they reached the highest class in Tyrol, the Tiroler Liga. 1998 they were promoted to the Regionalliga West, the third division in Austrian football.

From 2002/03 till the season 2005/06 they played together with SV Aldrans. During this period they had the greatest success in the league. They reached the 3rd place in the 2004/05 season. From 2006/07 till 2009/10 they formed a team together with Union Innsbruck. The first team played in the Regionalliga West, the second team in Tyrols highest class. 2010 the union was dissolved. Today  SVG Reichenau is playing in the UPC Tirol Liga, the highest class of Tyrolian football.

From 1976 on the football team played on the ground of  SV Hall, in 1979 they got their first own ground, the ground was updated in 2010. From 2006 to 2008 Robert Wazinger, who played five matches for the Austrian football national team, played for Reichenau

Current squad
Goalkeepers:
 Hörtnagl Matthias
 Lindemayr Maurice
 Einwaller Ambros
Defenders:
 Einkemmer Daniel
 Mader Alexander
 Oberortner Hannes
 Saurer Fabian
 Stastny Andreas
 Waldy Michael
Midfielders:
 Duran Nail
 Lebeda Patrick
 Marasek Daniel
 Önder Nazli
 Steinkellner Patrick
 Thom Ricardo
Strikers:
 Happ Michael
 Lanziner Mario
 Lechner Florian
 Radi Kevin

References

Austrian football clubs
Italian Social Republic

The Italian Social Republic ( or RSI) was a provisional government sponsored by and allied with Nazi Germany. It was led by Benito Mussolini and his Republican Fascist Party. In name, it controlled northern Italy but, in fact, the land was under German military control. The country had another informal name, Salò Republic (), after where their headquarters was located. Before 25 November 1943, the official name of the country was widely called Republican State of Italy and Republican National State (). It was the second and last Fascist Italian state.

References

Other websites 

Puppet states
Former dictatorships
Former republics
Nazi Germany
1943 in Italy
1944 in Italy
1945 in Italy
Mukden Incident

The Mukden Incident, also known as the Manchurian Incident, was an event set up by Japanese soldiers as a reason for invading the northern part of China known as Manchuria in 1931.
 
On September 18, 1931, a small amount of dynamite was blown up by a Japanese soldier near Japan's South Manchuria Railway near Mukden. Although the explosion was so weak that the rail was still usable, the Japanese army, blaming the action on the Chinese people, fully invaded Manchuria, leading to its occupation. Japan set up its puppet state of Manchukuo six months later. Soon the world knew the event, leading Japan to diplomatic isolation and its withdrawal from the League of Nations.

References 

History of China
Second Sino-Japanese War
Alexei Ponikarovsky

Oleksiy Volodymyrovych "Alexei" Ponikarovsky (born 9 April 1980 in Kiev, Ukrainian SSR, Soviet Union) is a professional Ukrainian-Canadian ice hockey left winger that currently plays for the New Jersey Devils of the National Hockey League (NHL). He was drafted by the Toronto Maple Leafs with the 87th overall pick in the 1998 NHL Entry Draft. He also played in the NHL for the Toronto Maple Leafs for 9 seasons, the Pittsburgh Penguins for 1 season, the Los Angeles Kings for 1 season, the Carolina Hurricanes for 1 season, the New Jersey Devils for 1 season and the Winnipeg Jets for 1 season. He was traded back to the Devils on February 13, 2013 in exchange for a 4th round pick and a 7th round pick in the 2014 NHL Entry Draft.

He is nicknamed "The Poni Express", "The Ukraine Train" and "Poni". He currently lives in Toronto with his wife Inna, daughter Jessica, and sons Alex and Maxim. He also became a Canadian citizen on June 7, 2007.

Career 
In the 1998 NHL Draft, he was selected in round 4 under a total of 87 by the Toronto Maple Leafs.

Has Canadian and Russian citizenship.

In 2010 he was traded to the Pittsburgh Penguins. In the summer of 2010, as a free agent, he signed a contract with the Los Angeles Kings for a period of 1 year.

In the summer of 2011, he changed Los Angeles to Carolina Hurricanes, signing a one-year agreement worth $ 1.5 million.

In January 2012, before the expiration of his contract, he was traded to the New Jersey Devils.

In the offseason 2012, signed a one-year contract with the Winnipeg Jets for $ 1.5 million

Due to the NHL lockout in 2012, he signed a contract with the newcomer of the KHL, the Donbass club. After the end of the lockout he returned to the Winnipeg Jets, but after 12 games on 14 February 2013 he returned to the New Jersey Devils.

In August 2016, he signed a contract with the Kunlun Red Star Kontinental Hockey League debut.

In November 2017, he joined the Putin Team movement

Family 
Married. He has three children.

References

Other websites 

1980 births
American Hockey League players
Carolina Hurricanes players
Living people
Los Angeles Kings players
Naturalized citizens of Canada
New Jersey Devils players
Pittsburgh Penguins players
Sportspeople from Kiev
Toronto Maple Leafs players
Ukrainian ice hockey players
Winnipeg Jets players