cahya/wikipedia-simple-en huggingface dataset:
Expendables 3

The Expendables 3 is a 2014 American ensemble action movie directed by Patrick Hughes. It is a sequel to the 2012 action movie The Expendables 2. It is also the third movie in The Expendables movie series.

Release Dates

Plot 
Barney adds to his team to get ready for a personal battle against Conrad Stonebanks, the Expendables co-founder and notorious arms trader. Stonebanks wants to wipe out Barney and every single one of his associates.

Cast 
 Sylvester Stallone as Barney Ross
 Jason Statham as Lee Christmas
 Antonio Banderas as Galgo
 Jet Li as Yin Yang
 Wesley Snipes as Doc
 Dolph Lundgren as Gunner Jensen
 Kelsey Grammer as Bonaparte
 Randy Couture as Toll Road
 Terry Crews as Hale Caesar
 Mel Gibson as Conrad Stonebanks
 Harrison Ford as Max Drummer
 Arnold Schwarzenegger as Trench Mauser 
 Kellan Lutz as John Smilee
 Ronda Rousey as Luna
 Glen Powell as Thorn
 Victor Ortiz as Mars
 Robert Davi as Goran Vata

Ratings 
At the 2014 Cannes Film Festival, Stallone announced that he was aiming for a PG-13 rating for the movie.
The Expendables 3 has been met with generally bad reviews from critics :
 Rotten Tomatoes - 34%
 Metacritic - 35% out of 100

Sequel 
The Expendables 4 in 2022.

References

Other websites 

 

2014 action movies
American action movies
French action movies
German action movies
Bulgarian movies
Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (1987 TV series)

Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (earlier known as Teenage Mutant Hero Turtles in some European countries because of controversy at the time) is an American animated television series that was made by Murakami-Wolf-Swenson and French company IDDH. The show ran from December 14, 1987 until November 2, 1996 when it aired its final episode. The pilot for the show was shown during the week of December 14, 1987 and was in syndication as a five-part miniseries. The show featured the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles and they were created in the comic book form by Kevin Eastman and Peter Laird.

The show was able to help launch the characters into more mainstream popularity and it became one of the most popular animated series in television history. Due to its popularity, there were breakfast cereal, plush toys, and all kinds of different products that featured the characters appeared on the market during the late 1980s and early 1990s. The show was named as the 55th best show in the Top 100 Best Animated TV Shows by IGN. At the time, the show was criticized for its violent content and commercialism.

Cast
 Cam Clarke as Leonardo
 Barry Gordon as Donatello
 Rob Paulsen as Raphael
 Townsend Coleman as Michelangelo
 Peter Renaday as Splinter
 Renae Jacobs as April O'Neil and Karai
 James Avery as Shredder
 Pat Fraley as Krang and Casey Jones
 Jennifer Darling as Irma Langenstein
 Tony Jay as Dregg

References

Other websites

Official website

1987 American television series debuts
1996 American television series endings
1980s American animated television series
Action television series
1990s American animated television series
CBS network shows
First run syndicated television programs
Television series set in New York City
Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles
English-language television programs
Simone Battle

Simone Sherise Battle (June 17, 1989 – September 5, 2014) was an American actress and singer. She was a finalist on The X Factor in 2011. She was best known for being a member of the pop girl group G.R.L. from 2013 until her death. She worked with Robin Antin and The Pussycat Dolls. She also acted in the television series Everybody Hates Chris and Zoey 101. She also appeared in the movie We the Party (2012).

Battle was born in Los Angeles, California. She was an actress before becoming a singer.

Battle died on September 5, 2014 at her home in West Hollywood, California, aged 25. Her death was ruled a suicide by hanging.

References

Other websites

 

1989 births
2014 deaths
Actors from Los Angeles
Actors who committed suicide
African American actors
African-American singers
American movie actors
American pop singers
American television actors
Musicians who committed suicide
Singers from Los Angeles
Suicides by hanging in the United States
Suicides in California
Giancarlo Esposito

Giancarlo Esposito (born April 26, 1958) is an American actor, director and producer. He played Buggin' Out in Do the Right Thing. He played Left Hand Lacey in Mo' Better Blues. He also played Julian in School Daze and Akela in The Jungle Book.

Esposito was born in Copenhagen, Denmark to an African-American mother and Italian father. He was raised in Manhattan, New York City from age six.

Filmography

References

Other websites

Actors from New York City
African American actors
African American movie producers
American movie actors
American television actors
Actors from Copenhagen
1958 births
Living people
Ram Trucks

Ram Trucks is an American brand of light-to-mid weight pickup trucks. The brand started in 2009. It used to be called Dodge Truck Division. 

Ram Trucks is part of Chrysler, LLC.

The Ram Trucks logo has the head of a ram. That logo was used by Dodge in the past.

References

Dodge automobiles
2009 establishments in the United States
Tropical Storm Norma (1970)

Tropical Storm Norma was the fourteenth tropical cyclone of the 1970 Pacific hurricane season. It formed on August 31 off the western coast of Mexico. The storm died on September 5, just before it reached Baja California. The storm caused record amounts of rain and flash floods in Arizona. Over $1 million in damage was done. Twenty-three people were killed.

Hurricanes in Mexico
1970 in North America
1970s in Mexico
20th century in Arizona
Royal Spanish Football Federation

The Royal Spanish Football Federation () is the association that governs football in Spain. It is in charge of the men's and women's national teams. The association was started on October 14, 1909 in Madrid. Its headquarters are now based in Las Rozas de Madrid.

Coaches

Men's national football  team: Luis Enrique
Women's national football  team: Jorge Vilda
National under-16 football team: 
National under-17 football team: David Gordo
National under-18 football team: Pablo Amo
National under-19 football team: Santiago Denia
National under-20 football team: Luis de la Fuente
National under-21 football team: Bryan Gil
National under-23 football team:

Honours

National football team

Football in Spain
1909 establishments in Europe
1900s establishments in Spain
Mexican Football Federation

The Mexican Football Federation () is the association that governs football in Mexico. It is in charge of the men's and women's national teams. The association was started on August 22, 1922. Its headquarters are based in Mexico City.

Football in Mexico
1922 establishments in North America
1920s establishments in Mexico
Unión Española

Club Unión Española S.A.D.P is a Chilean football club based in Independencia, Santiago. They won Primera División seven times and two Copa Chile titles.

Honours

League
 Chilean Primera Division (first tier)
 Winners (7): 1943, 1951, 1973, 1975, 1977, Apertura 2005, 2013
 Runners-up (9): 1945, 1948, 1950, 1970, 1972, 1976, Clausura 2004, Apertura 2009, Clausura 2012

 Primera B (second tier)
 Winners (1): 1999

Cup
 Copa Chile
 Winners (2): 1992, 1993
 Runners-up (2): 1977, 1988

 Copa Invierno
 Winners (1): 1989

 Campeonato de Apertura
 Winners (1): 1947

 Supercopa de Chile
 Winners (1): 2013

 Liguilla Pre-Libertadores
 Winners (4): 1973, 1992, 1993, 2010

Continental
 Copa Libertadores
 Runner-up (1): 1975

Chilean football clubs
Cobreloa

Club de Deportes Cobreloa is a Chilean football club from the Calama. It is one of the country's most competitive clubs.

Honours

National honours
Primera División: 8
1980, 1982, 1985, 1988, 1992, 2003-A, 2003-C, 2004-C

Copa Chile: 1
1986

International honours
Copa Libertadores: 0
Runners-up (2): 1981, 1982

Chilean football clubs
1977 establishments
20th-century establishments in Chile
1970s establishments in South America
Rosenborg BK

Rosenborg Ballklub (; RBK for short) is a Norwegian professional football club from Trondheim. Rosenborg is Norway's most successful team. They won 24 league titles, eleven Norwegian Football Cup titles and played more UEFA matches than any other Norwegian team. They also reached the quarter finals of the 1996-97 Champions League.

Current squad 
Updated 18 October 2017

Out on loan

References

Norwegian football clubs
Trondheim
1917 establishments in Europe
1910s establishments in Norway
New York City F.C.

New York City Football Club is an American professional soccer team based in New York City. The team has played in Major League Soccer since the 2015 season. English Premier League team Manchester City owns 80% of the team; the New York Yankees of Major League Baseball own the other 20%. The team is playing at the Yankee Stadium in The Bronx and they share it with the New York Yankees until it can build a new stadium in New York City.

Rivalries 
In May 2015, they experienced a new New York City crosstown rivalry in the MLS, when they played the New York Red Bulls for the first time.

References

American soccer teams
New York Yankees
The Bronx
Major League Soccer teams
2013 establishments in New York (state)
San Francisco International Airport

San Francisco International Airport  is the airport which serves San Francisco, California. It is  south of downtown San Francisco. It is near Millbrae and San Bruno in unincorporated San Mateo County.

Airlines
The following airlines go to San Francisco International Airport:

Aer Lingus
Aeroméxico
Air Canada
Air China
Air France
Air India
Air New Zealand
Alaska Airlines
All Nippon Airways
American Airlines
Asiana Airlines
Avianca
British Airways
Cathay Pacific
China Airlines
China Eastern Airlines
China Southern Airlines
Copa Airlines
Delta Air Lines
Emirates
Etihad Airways
EVA Air
Fiji Airways (starts June 16) 
Frontier Airlines
Hawaiian Airlines
Japan Airlines
JetBlue Airways
KLM Royal Dutch Airlines
Korean Air
Lufthansa
Norwegian Air Shuttle
Philippine Airlines
Qantas Airways
SAS
Singapore Airlines
Southwest Airlines
Sun Country Airlines
Swiss International Air Lines
Turkish Airlines
United Airlines (hub) 
Virgin America (hub) 
Virgin Atlantic Airways (starts March 28) 
WestJet (seasonal)
WOW Air (starts June 10) 
XL Airways France (seasonal)

Gallery

References

Airports in California
San Mateo County, California
Basilica of Superga

The Royal Basilica of Superga is a large church on the outskirts of the Italian city of Turin. The site was originally bare until King Victor Amadeus II of Sardinia decided to create a cathedral there. He wanted a burial place for members of his dynasty, the House of Savoy. Construction lasted from 1717 to 1731. The building was designed by the Italian architect Filippo Juvarra. The building is often compared to the larger and more famous St. Peter's Basilica. Most of the Kings of Sardinia are buried there.

Further reading 
 Padre Benedetto Marengo, La Basilica di Superga. Cenni storici del più grande monumento juvarriano, Tipografia Scarafaglio, Torino, 1997
 Reina Gabriele, Guadalupi Gianni, Superga segreta. Il Mausoleo dei Savoia, Omega, 2008, 

Churches in Italy
Roman Catholic churches
House of Savoy
1731 establishments
18th-century establishments in Italy
1730s establishments in Europe
PFC Ludogorets Razgrad

PFC Ludogorets Razgrad () or simply Ludogorets is a Bulgarian football club based in Razgrad.

Honours 
Bulgarian Parva Liga:
Winners (7): 2011–12, 2012–13, 2013–14, 2014–15, 2015–16, 2016–17, 2017–18

Bulgarian B Group: 
Winners (1): 2010–11

Bulgarian Cup:
Winners (2): 2011-12, 2013–14

Bulgarian Supercup:
Winners (3): 2012, 2014, 2018
 Runners-up (3): 2013, 2015, 2017

European tournaments 
UEFA Europa League
Round of 16 :   2013–14
UEFA Champions League
Group stage :   2014–15, 2016–17

Ludogorets
C.S.D. Comunicaciones

Club Social y Deportivo Comunicaciones is a Guatemalan football club from Guatemala City. They are the second-most successful club in Guatemala, behind arch-rival Municipal.

Honours

Liga Nacional de Guatemala: 28
1956, 1957–58, 1959–60, 1968–69, 1970–71, 1971, 1972, 1977, 1979–80, 1981, 1982, 1985–86, 1990–91, 1994–95, 1996–97, 1997–98, 1998–99, 1999 Apertura, 2001 Clausura, 2002 Apertura, 2003 Clausura, 2008 Apertura, 2010 Apertura, 2011 Clausura, 2012 Apertura, 2013 Clausura, 2013 Apertura
Runners-up (22): 1950–51, 1952–53, 1954–55, 1961–62, 1965–66, 1975, 1976, 1978, 1983, 1991–92, 1992–93, 1995–96, 2000 Clausura, 2000 Apertura, 2002 Clausura, 2003 Apertura, 2004 Apertura, 2005 Apertura, 2006 Apertura, 2008 Clausura, 2009 Apertura, 2011 Apertura

Copa de Guatemala: 8
1951–52, 1955, 1970, 1972, 1983, 1986, 1991–92, 2009

CONCACAF Champions' Cup: 1 (jointly claimed)
1978 (shared with Defence Force F.C. and Leones Negros U de G)
Runners-up (2): 1962, 1969

Torneo Fraternidad / UNCAF Club Championship: 2
1971, 1983
Runners-up (3): 1976, 1977, 2003

CONCACAF Cup Winners Cup: 0
Runners-up (1): 1991

Comunicaciones
Guatemala City
1949 establishments in North America
Establishments in Guatemala
C.S.D. Municipal

Club Social y Deportivo Municipal, also known as Municipal, is a Guatemalan football club based in Guatemala City. They compete in the Liga Nacional.

Municipal are the most popular club in Guatemala. Their main rivals are Comunicaciones, who are also located in the capital city.

Honours
Liga Nacional de Guatemala: 29 (most ever by any team)
1942–43, 1947, 1950–51, 1954–55, 1963–64, 1965–66, 1969–70, 1973, 1974, 1976, 1987, 1988–89, 1989–90, 1991–92, 1993–94, 2000 Clausura, 2000 Apertura, 2001 Apertura, 2002 Clausura, 2003 Apertura, 2004 Apertura, 2005 Clausura, 2005 Apertura, 2006 Clausura, 2006 Apertura, 2008 Clausura, 2009 Apertura, 2010 Clausura, 2011 Apertura

Domestic Cup: 8
1960, 1967, 1969, 1994–95, 1995–96, 1998–99, 2003, 2003–04

 Campeón de Campeones (Super Cup): 5
 1952, 1967, 1977, 1994, 1997

CONCACAF Champions' Cup: 1
1974

Copa Interamericana, 0
Runners-up - 1974 (Highest placement for a Guatemalan team ever)

Torneo Fraternidad / UNCAF Club Championship: 4
1974, 1977, 2001, 2004

References

Municipal
Guatemala City
1936 establishments in North America
Establishments in Guatemala
Football Australia

Football Australia is the association that governs football in Australia. It is in charge of the men's, women's and youth national teams. The association was started in 1961. Its headquarters are in Sydney.

Football in Australia
1961 establishments in Australia
Ellie Kemper

Ellie Kemper (born May 2, 1980) is an American actress. She played Ms. Griggs in 21 Jump Street. She played Kelly Erin Hannon in The Office.

Kemper was born in Kansas City, Missouri.

References

Actors from Kansas City, Missouri
American movie actors
American television actors
1980 births
Living people
List of best-selling singles

This is a list of best-selling singles in the world. The Guinness World Records named the holiday single "White Christmas" (1942) by Bing Crosby as the best-selling single worldwide. According to Guinness, "White Christmas" sold over 50 million copies. The single is known as the "best-selling single of all time". It was released before music charts were created. The song "Candle in the Wind 1997"/"Something About the Way You Look Tonight" (1997) by Elton John, is "the biggest-selling single since UK and US singles charts began in the 1950s". The recording was a tribute to Princess Diana. It sold 33 million copies, making it the third best-selling single of all time.

Best-selling physical singles

15million physical copies or more

10–14.9million copies

Best-selling digital singles

15million digital copies or more

10–14.99million copies

Notes
a. Sales figure includes digital sales.
b. Sales figure includes 'equivalent track streams'.
c. Sales figure includes physical sales.
d. Sales figure includes ringback tone sales not counted by the IFPI.

References

Bibliography

Music
Beauty Shop

Beauty Shop is an American 2005 comedy movie. The movie is about a widowed hairstylist who moves to Atlanta so her daughter can attend private school. Queen Latifah plays Gina Norris. Alicia Silverstone plays Lynn. Alfre Woodard plays Ms. Josephine. Keshia Knight Pulliam plays Darnelle. Andie MacDowell plays Terri. Sherri Shepherd plays Ida. Djimon Hounsou plays Joe.

This movie was released on March 30, 2005. The movie got mixed reviews by the critics.

2005 comedy movies
American comedy movies
English-language movies
Four Brothers

Four Brothers is a 2005 American action crime drama movie directed by John Singleton. This movie is about November 2004, during which four adoptive brothers return to Detroit to discover what happened. Their adoptive mother was murdered. Mark Wahlberg plays Bobby. Tyrese Gibson plays Angel Mercer. Fionnula Flanagan plays Evelyn. Sofía Vergara plays Sofi.

The movie was released on August 12, 2005. Reviews were mixed.

References 

2005 crime movies
2005 drama movies
2000s crime drama movies
American crime drama movies
English-language movies
Movies about families
Movies about revenge
Movies set in Detroit, Michigan
2005 action movies
2005 thriller movies
2000s action thriller movies
2005 mystery movies
American action movies
American action thriller movies
American crime movies
American drama movies
American movie remakes
American mystery movies
American thriller movies
Movies about siblings
Paramount Pictures movies
Universal Pictures movies
Movies directed by John Singleton‏‎
Elizabeth Allen

Elizabeth Allen (January 25, 1929 – September 19, 2006) was an American actress. She played Magda in the stage play The Gay Life. She also played Evelyn Randall in The Carey Treatment.

Elizabeth Allen was born Jersey City, New Jersey. She died from kidney disease in Fishkill, New York.

References

American television actors
American stage actors
American movie actors
Actors from New Jersey
Deaths from kidney disease
1929 births
2006 deaths
Franca Falcucci

Franca Falcucci (22 March 1926 – 4 September 2014) was an Italian politician. She was a member of the Christian Democracy Party. She served as a member of the Senate and was the first woman to become Minister of Public Education.

Falcucci died on 4 September 2014 in Rome, Italy, aged 88.

References

Other websites

1926 births
2014 deaths
Civil servants
Politicians from Rome
Bruce Morton

Bruce Alexander Morton (October 28, 1930 – September 5, 2014) was an American television news correspondent. He worked for both CBS News and CNN. His career lasted over 40 years. In 1964, he joined CBS News. He stayed there for the next 29 years.  Morton was based in Washington, D.C., where he was a Congressional correspondent. After leaving CBS in 1993, Morton went to work for CNN. He stayed there until his retirement in 2006. 

Morton was born in Norwalk, Connecticut. He grew up in Chicago. He graduated from Harvard University in 1952. He died on September 5, 2014, at his home in Washington D.C., aged 83.

References

1930 births
2014 deaths
American television presenters
Journalists from Chicago
Television personalities from Chicago
Writers from Connecticut
Kwon Ri-se

Kwon Ri-sae (; born August 16, 1991 – September 7, 2014) or Kwon Ri-se, better known by her stage name Rise (stylized as RiSe), was a Japanese singer. She was a member of the K-pop girl group Ladies' Code under Polaris Entertainment. 

Ladies Code was in a car accident in the early morning hours of September 3, 2014 around 1 am. The group was on their way back to Seoul after performing. The driver, the group's manager, was speeding on a slippery road due to rain and lost control of the van. The van lost a backwheel and collided with a guardrail. Bandmate, Go Eunbi, was killed instantly by the crash. Other members, Ashley and Zuny, suffered minor injuries while member Sojung suffered major injuries, including a broken jaw.
Rise died at 10:10AM local time on September 7, 2014 surrounded by her family, in Aju University Hospital after being in a coma since the accident and undergoing numerous surgeries. Her public funeral was held on September 9, 2014. Her body was then cremated and her remains were taken by her family to be laid to rest in a private funeral in Japan.  She was 23 years old.

References

Other websites

1991 births
2014 deaths
K-pop singers
People from Seoul
Road accident deaths
South Korean singers
Cirilo Flores

Cirilo B. Flores (June 20, 1948 - September 6, 2014) was an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church.

Flores was born in Corona, California.

Flores served as coadjutor bishop of San Diego from 2012 to 2013 and as auxiliary bishop of the Diocese of Orange from 2009 to 2012. He served as the bishop of the Diocese of San Diego in California. He held the position from September 18, 2013 until his death on September 6, 2014.

Flores died in San Diego from prostate cancer, aged 66.

References

1948 births
2014 deaths
Lawyers from California
American Roman Catholics
Cancer deaths in San Diego County
Deaths from prostate cancer
People from Riverside County, California
Stanford University alumni
Bharat Ek Khoj

Bharat Ek Khoj is a series of 53 episodes about the history of India. It is based on Discovery of India (1946), a book by Jawaharlal Nehru. It was directed, written and produced by Shyam Benegal in 1988 for Doordarshan. It stars Roshan Seth as Jawaharlal Nehru. Om Puri is the narrator. It was first aired on DD National. The episodes are about India's 5000-year history till independence in 1947. Its cast also includes Tom Alter, Naseerudin Shah, Irrfan Khan.

References 

Documentaries
Data vault modeling

Data vault modeling is a database modeling method that tries to preserve different sets of historical data from different sources. It is also a method of looking at historical data that deals with issues such as auditing, tracing of data, loading speed and resilience to change.

Data Vault Modeling focuses on several things. First, it emphasizes the need to trace where all the data in the database came from. Each row has extra attributes that describe where the data came from, and at what time it was loaded. This feature lets auditors find the source of the values.

Data vault modeling does not distinguish between data that conforms to the business rules and data that does not. The data that does not conform is generally called "bad data". Dan Linstedt, who developed the technology, said that a data vault modeling stores "a single version of the facts". In other data warehouse modeling schemes, the data warehouse generally stores "a single version of the truth", data that does not conform to the business rules is removed. 

Because data vault modeling stores the source of the data separately from the data itself, it can cope with change in the business environment. It does this by explicitly separating structural information from descriptive attributes.

Finally, Data Vault is designed to enable parallel loading as much as possible, so that very large implementations can scale out without the need for major redesign.

Database modeling
Query by Example

Query by Example (commonly shortened to QBE) is a database query language for relational databases. It was developed at IBM in the 1970s. The development of SQL ran in parallel. QBE was developed for those users who only use databases occasionally, and who do not want to learn a complex language such as SQL. 

With Query by example, users are presented with a visual schema of the database, which they edit with a special editor. When they are done, a parser translates their actions into a query in a regular query language such as SQL. Behind the scenes, it is this statement that is actually executed. With a suitable front-end, the user does not need to remember the details of a query language. The user will be able to select tables and columns more quickly, for example by clicking on them, rather than typing their names. This will improve productivity.

In the context of information retrieval, QBE has a somewhat different meaning. The user can submit a document and ask for "similar" documents to be retrieved from a document database. Similarity search is based comparing document vectors (see Vector Space Model).

Today, many database systems have front-ends that resemble QBE.

References
 

Query languages
Akademio de Esperanto

Akademio de Esperanto (Academy of Esperanto, shortly AdE) is an independent organisation, which is guarding the development of the constructed language Esperanto. They do this to keep it consistent with the basic rules. These basic rules came from eye doctor L. L. Zamenhof. He was the creator of Esperanto. He also came up with the idea to establish an organization for guarding the development of the language. This was during the First World Congress of Esperanto in Boulogne-sur-Mer, France in 1905.

References

Other websites 
 

Esperanto
Language regulators
Lyndam Gregory

Lyndam Gregory (1953 or 1954 – August 2014) was a British actor. He had 35 credits to his name between 1979 and 2008. He was best known for his roles in the television series The Archers, Coronation Street, EastEnders and Doctors.

Gregory was born in Darjeeling, West Bengal, India. His father, Neville, was a tea planter. His mother, Marina, was a Burmese school teacher. He moved to London in the early 1960s. In 1984, he married Christine. Their daughter, Dominique, was born in 1997.

Gregory died from lung cancer in Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire, aged 59. His death was announced on 21 August 2014.

References

Other websites
 

1950s births
2014 deaths
Actors from London
Cancer deaths in England
Deaths from lung cancer
English movie actors
English stage actors
English television actors
Ala-ud-din Khalji

Ala-ud-din Khalji (died 1316), was the second ruler of the Khalji dynasty. He was the most powerful ruler of the Khalji Dynasty. He ruled from 1296 to 1316. He was the nephew (and son-in-law) of Jalal-ud-din Khalji. His son was Khusrau Malik. He wished to become the second Alexander. He took the title ‘Sikander-i-Sani’. He banned drinking of alcohol in open in his kingdom.

Military Campaigns 
Ala-ud-din Khalji first conquered Gujarat and Malwa. In 1301 he conquered Ranthambore. In 1303 he captured Chittor. Then he sent a large army headed by his general Malik Kafur to South India. Malik Kafur defeated the Yadavas, Kakatiyas, Hoysalas and the Pandyas. He also took away a lot of wealth. Around the end of his reign, his empire was as large as that of Ashoka the Great (274 BC–232 BC).

Economic Measures 
Khalji needed money to keep a large army. The main sources were taxes. The land tax was fixed according to the fertility of the land. The land tax in the fertile Ganga-Yamuna doab was one-half of the produce. He kept a strict check on the nobles. A group of officers were kept to discourage corruption. He introduced a system of auditing accounts.

He introduced a market control policy in which he reduced the price of day to day items such as sugar, oil, cloth etc. Shop owners had to pay the amount fixed by Ala-ud-din Khalji. Officials were appointed to check the shop owners. Whoever was caught cheating, was punished. This allowed Khalji to pay a low salary to the soldiers.

Army Reforms 
With money available to him he maintained a large army. He paid his soldiers in cash. He even started branding horses ( Dagh). This was to prevent the substitution of good horses with low quality horses. He even kept a description of all soldiers in his army (Chehra). He posted spies throughout the empire to prevent rebellions.

Related pages 
 Khalji dynasty

References

Other websites 
 Interesting facts and history of Alauddin Khalji:the second Alexander
 Allauddin Khalji Biography

Indian monarchs
Khalji dynasty
A.C. Moore

A.C. Moore is an arts and crafts retail chain with 135 stores in the eastern United States. Its corporate headquarters are located in Berlin, New Jersey. A.C. Moore sells a variety of arts and crafts products. A.C. Moore was founded by Jack Parker in 1985 in Moorestown, New Jersey. It opened in 1997.

References 

Shops
Locomobile Company of America

The Locomobile Company of America was a company founded in 1899 by John B. Walker. He and his partner Amzi L. Barber bought the rights to manufacture the steam car built by the Stanley brothers. They called the car the Locomobile. In 1904 the company began producing gasoline-powered cars and continued in business until 1929.

Early history 

Francis E. Stanley and Freelan O. Stanley had invented a steam car. In 1899 they purchased a bicycle factory in Watertown, Massachusetts and began building their cars. John B. Walker, the owner of Cosmopolitan magazine, offered to buy half the company. The Stanley brothers said no. When Walker came back a few weeks later he offered to buy the whole car company. The brothers thought about it and set the price at $250,000 USD. The set the price high enough they thought nobody would pay it. But Walker did and the two Stanley brothers stayed on to run the factory. Walker's partner was Amzi L. Barber. They called the new company Locomobile.

Within a few months Walker and Barber had a disagreement and split the company. Walker took his half and formed a new company in Tarrytown, New York. He called his car 'the Mobile'; a Stanley Steamer with his logo on it. With poor sales Walker closed his company in 1902. Barber kept the  Locomobile name and sold 5,200 cars by 1902. The Locomobile steam cars were a little difficult to operate and sometimes had fires. They could only go about 20 miles before needing water. They needed to be warmed up for about 30 minutes before they could be driven. By 1904 only about 200 cars were sold. Locomobile sold the patents and the design for their steam car back to the Stanley brothers. By 1904 Locomobile had switched to making gasoline cars.

Luxury cars 

At about the same time Locomobile switched over to making gasoline powered cars, Barber left the business. His son-in-law, J.J. Albright, took over as company president. Inventor Andrew Riker became the lead designer and was responsible for the new gasoline engines.

The 1904 5-passenger touring car used an Inline-four engine that was water-cooled engine that produced about 16 horsepower. At the time it cost $4,500. In 1905 Locomobile entered cars in Auto racing. It was in 1908 they won the Vanderbilt Cup. A car that won a race gained an excellent reputation. They advertised the Locomobile as “Easily the Best Built Car in America.” They continued to improve their car. In 1922 Locomobile was acquired by the Durant Motor Company. But their cars continued to be made under the name Locomobile. They continued to build their reputation for making high performance luxury cars. In 1929 the company fell victim to the Great Depression and closed its doors.

Gallery

Notes

References 

1899 establishments in the United States
1929 disestablishments
Automobile companies
Juniper Cobra 14

Exercise Juniper Cobra 14  (Hebrew: ג'וניפר קוברה 14) or JC14 is a five day military exercise with Israel and the United States. The exercise is there to give training in case of a ballistic missile attack from Iran  The exercise began in 2001 and is held once every two years. In 2012 the exercise was cancelled to ease issues with Iran.

References

Military
Kira Zvorykina

Kira Alekseyevna Zvorykina (September 29, 1919 – September 6, 2014) was a former Soviet-born Belarusian chess player who spent many years living in Belarus. Zvorykina was born in Nikolaev, Ukraine. She was a three-time winner of the Women's Soviet Championship. 

Zvorykina died in Minsk, Belarus from natural causes, aged 94.

References

Other websites

1919 births
2014 deaths
Deaths from natural causes
Soviet people
Belarusian people
Chess players
Jim Dobbin

James "Jim" Dobbin (26 May 1941 – 7 September 2014) was a British Labour Co-operative politician and microbiologist. He was Member of Parliament (MP) for Heywood and Middleton from 1997 to 2014.

Dobbin died in 7 September 2014 while on a Council of Europe visit to Poland.

References

Other websites
 Guardian Unlimited Politics – Ask Aristotle: Jim Dobbin MP
 TheyWorkForYou.com – Jim Dobbin MP
 BBC Politics 

1941 births
2014 deaths
British biologists
British Roman Catholics
Former Labour Party (UK) MPs
Former members of the British House of Commons for English constituencies
Microbiologists
People from Fife
Scottish Christians
Scottish politicians
Scottish scientists
UK MPs 1997–2001
UK MPs 2001–2005
UK MPs 2005–2010
UK MPs 2010–2015
Wilfred De'ath

Wilfred De'Ath (28 July 1937 – 19 February 2020) was a British author and a journalist. He worked for the BBC in the 1960s and 1970s and writes a column in The Oldie. De'Ath was born to a German mother and English father and grew up in Elstree, Hertfordshire, England. He studied at the University of Oxford. During the 1990s, De'ath served prison sentences for a theft.

On 11 November 2012, De'ath was arrested as part of Operation Yewtree in an alleged connection with the Jimmy Savile–BBC sex scandal;
he was later released without charge after the complainant withdrew her statement. De'ath was later told that he would not face any charges, and said that the police action had been "overzealous".

De'ath died on 19 February 2020 at the age of 82.

References

Further reading

1937 births
2020 deaths
Alumni of the University of Oxford
BBC people
British criminals
British prisoners
English journalists
Operation Yewtree
Thieves
Writers from Hertfordshire
Plasmodesma

Plasmodesma (plural is 'plasmodesmata') is a microscopic channel across the cell wall of a plant cell. It allows transport and communication between neighbouring cells. Plasmodesmata also evolved independently in some algae.

Unlike animal cells, every plant cell is surrounded by a polysaccharide cell wall. Neighbouring plant cells are therefore separated by a pair of cell walls. Although cell walls are permeable to small soluble molecules, plasmodesmata allow direct, regulated, intercellular transport of substances between cells.

Similar structures connect animal cells. Stromules form between plastids in plant cells.

References 

Plant anatomy
Cell biology
Alina Surmacka Szczesniak

Alina Surmacka Szcześniak (July 8, 1925 – July 23, 2016) was a Polish-born American chemist and food scientist. She is best known for her contributions to food texture. She was born in Warsaw, Poland.

Szcześniak attended Bryn Mawr College as a foreign student after the Second World War. She earned a degree at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

In 1969, Szcześniak was a Founding Editor of the Journal of Texture Studies. She served for 10 years in that role.

In 2002, she received the plaque of Honorary President of the International Federation of Surveyors on behalf of her father, Wladysław Surmacki. Her father was to be President in 1942 but did not survive the war.

Szcześniak lived in the United States.

References

Other websites
List of IFT past award winners 
List of IFT Fellows 

1925 births
2016 deaths
American chemists
Naturalized citizens of the United States
People from Warsaw
Oliver Wendell Holmes, Sr.

Oliver Wendell Holmes, Sr. (August 29, 1809 – October 7, 1894) was an American physician, poet, professor, lecturer, and author. He was a member of the Fireside Poets. His most famous works are the "Breakfast-Table" series, which began with The Autocrat of the Breakfast-Table (1858). He was also an important medical reformer. He also wrote old ironsides, a famous poem.

Other websites

 The name of Sherlock Holmes - Dr. Holmes
11th Edition Encyclopædia Britannica (1911) 
Quotes by Oliver Wendell Holmes, Sr.
The Transcendentalist Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr.  a site maintained by Jone Johnson Lewis
"The Annotated Autocrat"  a complete set of annotations to Holmes's Autocrat of the Breakfast Table

1809 births
1894 deaths
American physicians
American poets
Educators from Massachusetts
Writers from Massachusetts
People from Cambridge, Massachusetts
Walter Koenig

Walter Marvin Koenig (; born September 14, 1936) is an American actor, writer, teacher and director. He is known for his roles as Pavel Chekov in Star Trek and Alfred Bester in Babylon 5.

References

Other websites

 
 
 

1936 births
Living people
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
Educators from Chicago
American television directors
American television writers
Actors from Chicago
Writers from Chicago
Actors from New York City
Writers from New York City
Educators from New York City
Dodge Dakota

The Dodge Dakota was an American mid-size pickup truck. It was manufactured by Dodge. The Dakota was always bigger than the compact Ford Ranger and Chevrolet S-10. It was smaller than the Dodge Ram pickup.

The truck was first manufactured for 1987. It was last made for 2012.

1980s automobiles
1990s automobiles
2000s automobiles
2010s automobiles
Café Opera

Café Opera is a café and nightclub in Stockholm, Sweden. It is a bistro, brasserie and tea house during the day, and a popular nightclub at night. It opened in 1980.

1980 establishments in Sweden
Swedish restaurants
Entertainment venues
Buildings and structures in Stockholm
Don't Cha

"Don't Cha" is a pop song by American girl group the Pussycat Dolls. It was on their self-titled studio record PCD in 2005. The song is about a girl teasing a man that she is more attractive than his girlfriend.

The song received positive reviews by most critics. "Don't Cha" got very high on records charts worldwide. It hit #2 on the Billboard Hot 100. It sold three million copies in the United States and six million worldwide.

2005 songs
Pop songs
Pussycat Dolls
Anderson Bruford Wakeman Howe

Anderson Bruford Wakeman Howe was an English progressive rock band formed in 1988.

Discography
Studio albums
 Anderson Bruford Wakeman Howe (1989)

Musical groups established in 1988
1988 establishments in England
Musical groups disestablished in 1990
1990 disestablishments in Europe
1990s disestablishments in England
Lode Van Den Bergh

Lode Van Den Bergh (18 June 1920 – 29 September 2020) was a Belgian writer. He was married to Nora Steyaert. He was born in Rijkevorsel. He used the pseudonyms Aster Berkhof and Piet Visser.

He started his career as a monitor at the Catholic University of Leuven. He also worked as a teacher at the Royal Athenaea in Antwerp, Brussels and Koekelberg. Finally he became a professor at the Saint Ignatius Faculty in Antwerp.

Bergh died at the age of 100 on 29 September 2020.

References

Other websites
 Aster berkhof

1920 births
2020 deaths
Belgian novelists
Belgian writers
Wolfhart Pannenberg

Wolfhart Pannenberg  (2 October 1928 - 5 September 2014) was a German theologian. He made a number of significant contributions to modern theology. He created his concept of history as a form of revelation mostly about the Resurrection of Christ. Pannenberg was born in Stettin, Germany, now Szczecin, Poland.

Pannenberg died in Berlin, Germany, aged 85.

Other websites
Articles in First Things
 Articles related to and by Pannenberg.  – Links not functional at this point in time!
 Richard John Neuhaus, 1982,  "Pannenberg Jousts with the World Council of Churches. " Christian Century.

1928 births
2014 deaths
German Lutherans
German theologians
People from former German territories
Martynas Andriukaitis

Martynas Andriukaitis (28 March 1981 – 4 September 2014) was a Lithuanian basketball player. In 2001, he became champion of both Lithuania and Latvia and vice-champion of North European Basketball League (NELB). He played professionally between 2001 and 2013 as a power forward. He played in Lithuania, Latvia, Georgia, Ukraine, Hungary and France.

Andriukaitis was born in Kaunas. He was married to Renata and had one son.

On 4 September 2014, Andriukaitis shot his wife before he shot himself in a suicide attempt at their home in Riga. Their 14-year-old son saw what happened and called the police and paramedics. Andriukaitis died later that day in hospital, aged 33.

References

Other websites
 Martynas Andriukaitis at Basketball-Reference
 Martynas Andriukaitis at the DELFI web portal site

1981 births
2014 deaths
Lithuanian basketball players
Sportspeople who committed suicide
Suicides by firearm
Ted Irvine

Edward Amos "Ted" Irvine (born December 8, 1944) is a Canadian retired NHL hockey player. He is also the father of WWE wrestler Chris Jericho.

Career
Irvine was a left winger. He amassed a total of 331 points in 774 games played over a 15 year professional career. In his NHL career, Irvine played for the Boston Bruins, Los Angeles Kings, New York Rangers and St. Louis Blues between 1963 and 1977.

Awards and achievements 
MJHL Co-Goal Scoring Leader (1963)
MJHL First All-Star Team  (1964)
CPHL Championships (1966 and 1967)
“Honoured Member” of the Manitoba Hockey Hall of Fame
 Ranked No. 74 on the all-time list of New York Rangers in the book 100 Ranger Greats (John Wiley & Sons, 2009).

Other websites

Ted Irvine's biography  at Manitoba Hockey Hall of Fame 

1944 births
Living people
Boston Bruins players
Canadian ice hockey left wingers
Los Angeles Kings players
New York Rangers players
St. Louis Blues players
S. Truett Cathy

Samuel Truett Cathy (March 14, 1921 – September 8, 2014) was an American businessman, philanthropist and restaurateur. He was the founder of fast food restaurant chain Chick-fil-A. The chain is based in suburban Atlanta, Georgia. He stepped down from his role as CEO and chairman in November 2013, and gave the roles to his son, Dan. He was a billionaire.

Cathy was born in Eatonton, Georgia. He was a Southern Baptist. He was married to Jeanette. They had three children; Trudy, Bubba and Dan.

Cathy died after a long illness on September 8, 2014 in Hampton, Georgia, aged 93.

References

Other websites
 

1921 births
2014 deaths
American Baptists
American billionaires
American philanthropists
Businesspeople from Georgia (U.S. state)
Disease-related deaths in the United States
Restaurateurs
Loxstedt

Loxstedt is a municipality in Cuxhaven district, Germany. 
There are 21 villages in the municipality.
On 31 December 2012, 15,841 people lived there.

Loxstedt has a railway station. The Autobahn A27 runs through it. The Weser tunnel also is in the area of Loxstedt, near the village of Dedesdorf.

References
Legends of the Hidden Temple

Legends of the Hidden Temple is an American action-adventure game show television series that was produced by Stone Stanley Productions in association with Nickelodeon. The show ran from September 11, 1993 until 1995. The show was centered around a temple that was "filled with lost treasures protected by mysterious Mayan temple guards". It was hosted by Kirk Fogg and Dee Bradley Baker voiced Olmec, a talking Olmec Head that "knows the secrets behind each of the treasures in his temple". There were six teams of two children (one boy and one girl) and they competed to retrieve one of the historical artifacts that was in the temple by performing both physical stunts and by answering questions that were based on history, mythology, and geography.

The show was taped at Nickelodeon Studios at Universal Studios in Orlando, Florida. In 1995, the show won a CableACE award for Best Game Show Special or Series and was also nominated for Art Direction in a Comedy or Music Special or Series. In a 2007 poll held by the Springfield, Illinois State Journal-Register, ten percent of the respondents said that Legends of the Hidden Temple was their "favorite 'old school' Nickelodeon show."

References

Other websites
Archive of official website

1993 American television series debuts
1995 American television series endings
1990s American television series
American television game shows
Nickelodeon television series
Television series set in Florida
English-language television programs
82nd Punjabis

The 82nd Punjabis were a regiment of soldiers of the old British Indian Army. The regiment was started in Madras, in British India in 1788. Later, it started to take in more soldiers from the Punjab and NWFP regions, so the regiment was renamed 'Punjabis' in 1903, and later became the 82nd Punjabis. Then, after some time, they were part of the 'First Punjab Regiment'. 

Between 1788 and 1947, this regiment fought many wars and won many battles. In 1947, when India and Pakistan became independent countries after partition, the 82nd (or First Punjab) became part of the Punjab Regiment of the Pakistan Army.

References

People of British India
Military of India
Military of Pakistan
1788 establishments
1780s establishments in Great Britain
1947 disestablishments in India
18th-century establishments in India
1947 disestablishments in the United Kingdom
1780s establishments in Asia
Phospholipid

Phospholipids are a type of fat that contain phosphorus. They are major parts of all cell membranes because they form lipid bilayers. 

Phospholipid molecules usually have hydrophobic tails and a hydrophilic head. Biological membranes in eukaryotes also contain another class of lipid, sterols. These are spaced out among the phospholipids. Together they provide membrane fluidity and mechanical strength.  Purified phospholipids are produced commercially and have found applications in nanotechnology and materials science.

References

Lipids
Bosley Crowther

Bosley Crowther (July 13, 1905 – March 7, 1981) was an American journalist and author. He was a movie critic for The New York Times for 27 years. His reviews and articles helped shape the careers of actors, directors and screenwriters, though his reviews, at times, were thought of as unnecessarily mean.

Crowther died in Mount Kisco, New York from heart failure, aged 75

References

Other websites
New York Times links to numerous film reviews by Crowther

1905 births
1981 deaths
Deaths from heart failure
American journalists
American movie critics
Writers from Maryland
Writers from New York City
Vaatu

Vaatu is a Great Spirit from the American anime, Legend Of Korra. He is known as the spirit of darkness and chaos.

References

Anime characters
Odd Bondevik

Odd Bondevik (20 June 1941 – 6 September 2014) was a Norwegian theologian. He was the Bishop of the Diocese of Møre in the Church of Norway from 17 November 1991 until retirement in 2008. He also served as Preses of the Bishop's Conference of the Church of Norway from 1998 until 2002. He was born in Sauda, Norway.

Bondevik died in Drammen, Norway, aged 73.

References

1941 births
2014 deaths
Lutheran bishops
Norwegian people
Raul M. Gonzalez

Raul Maravilla Gonzalez (December 3, 1930 – September 7, 2014) was a Filipino politician. He served as the Chief Presidential Legal Counsel and was the Former Secretary of Justice of the Philippines.

Gonzalez Sr. died on September 7, 2014, of complications due to multiple organ failure at the Philippine General Hospital.

References

Other websites
Government Profile 
DOJ Profile
Supreme Court Profile 
DOJ notice 

1930 births
2014 deaths
Deaths from multiple organ failure
Filipino politicians
Fanny Godin

Fanny Félicie Florentine Pardon-Godin (27 May 1902 – 7 September 2014) was the oldest living person in Belgium since the death of Germaine Degueldre on 11 May 2012.

She was born in Huy, in the province of Liège. She lived in Zoutleeuw, which is part of the province of Flemish Brabant. Godin was the second oldest Belgian person ever and one of only two Belgian person to have reached the age of 112. The oldest person ever from Belgium was Joanna Deroover (June 3, 1890 – December 6, 2002).

She married Jacques Pardon (1907-1977) in 1941. They had a daughter, Claude, in 1944. She did not have grandchildren. She was able to swim until she was 109 years old.

Godin died at her home in Zoutleeuw, Flemish Brabant, Belgium, aged 112.

References

1902 births
2014 deaths
People from Huy
Supercentenarians
Bride Wars

Bride Wars is a 2009 American romantic comedy movie set in New York City. This is about two women being engaged at age 26. They are expected to be each other's bridesmaid. Anne Hathaway plays Emma. Candice Bergen plays Marion St. Claire. Kate Hudson plays Olivia.

Bride Wars was released on January 9, 2009. The movie was disliked by critics. Despite that, it grossed more than $114 million worldwide.

2009 buddy movies
2009 comedy movies
2009 romance movies
2000s romantic comedy movies
American buddy movies
American romantic comedy movies
Buddy comedy movies
English-language movies
Female buddy movies
Movies about revenge
Movies about weddings
Movies set in New York City
20th Century Fox movies